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DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE:
IN WHICH
The WORDS are deduced from their ORIGINALS,
AND
ILLUSTRATED in their DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS
- , _ C 4. * .
B Y
EXAMPLES from the bell WRITERS,
TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED,
•. - • ’ * K * "t * *
A HISTORY of the LANGUAGE,
AND
An ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
By SAMUEL JOHNSON, A. M.
In two Volumes.
vol. 11.
Cum tabulis animum cenforis fumet honefti:
Audebit quaecunque parum fplendoris habebunt,
Et fine pondere erunt, et honore indigna ferentun
Verba movereTocoj quamvis invita recedant,
Et verfentur adhuc intra penetralia Veftae :
Obfcurata diu populo bonus eruet, atque
Proferet in lucem fpeciofa vocabula rerum.
Quae prifcis memorata Catonibus atque Cethegis,
Nunc fitus informis premit et deferta vetuftas. Hon.
LONDON,
Printed by W. StRAHAN,
For J. and P, Knapton ; T. and T. Longman ; C. Hitch and L. Haw es 5
A. Millar; and R, and J. Dodsley.
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L
LAB LAB LA liquid confonant, which preferves always the
fame found in Englifh. In the Saxon it was afpirated a play, loaf; Jploey&ij, lady.
r. At the end of a monofyllable it is always
* doubled; as,Jhall; Jlill; full, except after a diph¬
thong ; as, fail; feel; veal; cool. In a word of more l'yllables it is written fingle; as, channel; canal; tendril. It is
foinetimes put before e, and founded feebly after it; as bible ;
title.
La, interject, [corrupted by an effeminate pronunciation from
lo.j See ; look ; behold.
La you ! if you fpeak ill of the devil,
How he takes it at heart. Shakef. Twelfth Night.
La-bdanum. n.f. A refin of the fofter kind, of a ftrong and
not unpleafant fmell, and an aromatick, but not agreeable
tafte. Thisjuice exfudates from a low fpreadingfhrub, of the
ciftus kind, in Crete, and the neighbouring iflands; and the
Grecian women make balls of it with a fmall admixture of
ambergreafe, by way of a perfume. It was formerly ufed
externally in medicine, but is now neglefted. Hill.
To La'befy. v. a. [labefacio, Latin.] To weaken j to im¬
pair. Did.
La'bel. n.f [labellum, Latin.]
1. A fmall flip or fcrip of writing.
When wak’d, I found
This label on ftiy bofom ; whofe containing
Is fo from fenfe in hardnefs, that I can
Make no collection of it. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
2. Any thing appendant to a larger writing.
On the label of lead, the heads of St. Peter and St. Paul
are imprelfed from the papal feal. Ayliffe's Parergon.
3. [In law.] A narrow flip of paper or parchment affixed to
a deed or writing, in order to hold the appending feal. So
alfo any paper, annexed by way of addition or explication to
•any will or teftament, is called a label or codicil. Harris.
God join’d my heart to Romeo’s ; thou our hands ;
And ere this hand by thee to Romeo feal’d.
Shall be the label to another deed,
Or my true heart with treacherous revolt
Turn to another, this fhall flay them both. Shakefpeare.
La'bent. adj. [labens,, Lat.] Sliding; gliding; flipping. Did.
La'bial. adj. [labialis, Latin.] Littered by the lips.
The Hebrews have affigned which letters are labial, which
dental, and which guttural. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Some particular affeftion of found in its paflage to the lips,
will feem to make fome compofition in any vowel which is
labial. Holder's Elements of Speech.
La'biated. adj. [labium, Latin.] Formed with lips.
La'biodental. adj. [labium and dentalis.] Formed or pro¬
nounced by the co-operation of the lips and teeth.
The dental confonants are very eafy; and firft the labio¬
dentalsf v, alfo the linguadentals th, dh. Hold. Elm. of Sp.
Labo rant. n.f. [laborans, Lat.] A chemift. Notin ufe.
I can fhew you a fort of fixt fulphur, made by an induf-
*rious laborant. Boyle.
Laboratory, n.f [laboratoire, French.] A chemift’s work¬
room.
It would contribute to the hiftory of colours, if chemifts
would in their laboratory take a heedful notice, and give us a
faithful account, of the colours obferved in the fleam of hoo¬
dies, either fublimed or diftilled. Boyle on Colours.
The flames of love will perform thofe miracles they of the
furnace boail of, would they employ themfelves in this labo¬
ratory. Decay ofPiety.
LAFC'RIOUS. adj. [laborieux, French ; laboriofus, Latin.]
J. Diligent in work; aiflduous.
That which makes the clergy glorious, is to be knowing
in their profeffions, unfpotted in their lives, aftive and labo¬
rious in their charges, bold and refolute in oppoling feducers,
and daring to look vice in the face ; and laflly, to be gentle.
courteous, and compaffionate to all. South's Serm.
To his laborious youth confum’d in war,
And lafting age, adorn’d and crown’d with peace. Prior.
2. Requiring labour; tirefome ; not eafy;
A fpacious cave within its farmoft part.
Was hew’d and fafhion’d by laborious art.
Through the hill’s hollow fldes. Dryd. /Ert. 6.
Do’ft thou love watchings, abftinence, and toil.
Laborious virtues all ? learn them from Cato. Add. Cato.
Labo riously. adv. [from laborious,] "With labour* with
toil.
The folly of him, who pumps very laborioujly in a fhip,
yet neglects to flop the leak. Decay of Piety*
I chufe laborioujly to bear
A weight of Woes, and breathe the vital air. Pope's Odyf
Labo'riousness. n. f. [from laborious.]
1. Toilfomenefs ; difficulty.
The parallel holds in the gainleffhefs as well as the laborioufnefs of the work; thofe wretched creatures, buried in
earth and darknefs, were never the richer for all the ore they
digged ; no more is the infatiate mifer. Decay ofPiety.
2. Diligence; affiduity.
LA'BOUR, n.f. [labeur, French; labor, Latin.]
1. The aft of doing what requires a painful exertion of ftrength,
or wearifome perfeverance ; pains ; toil; travail; work.
If I find her honeft, I lofe not my labour; if fhe be otherwife, it is labour well bellowed. Shakef M. IV. oflVindfor.
I fent to know your faith, left the tempter have tempted
you, and our labour be in vain, j Thef. iii. c.
2. Work to be done.
Being a labour of fo great difficulty, the exaft performance
thereof we may rather wifh than look for. Hooker.
You were wont to fay.
If you had bfeen the wife of Hercules
Six of his labours you’d have done, and fav’d
Your hufband fo much fweat. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
3. Exercife ; motion with fome degree of violence.
Moderate labour of the body conduces to the prefervation
of health, and curing many initial difeafes ; but the toil of
the mind deftroys health, and generates maladies. Harvey.
4* Childbirth; travail.
Sith of womens labours thou haft charge,
And generation goodly doeft enlarge,
Incline thy will to efteft our wifhfu] vow. Spenf. Epith.
Not knowing ’twas my labour, I complain
Of hidden fhootings, and of grinding pain ;
My throws come thicker, and my cries encreas’d.
Which with her hand the confcious nurfe fupprefs’d. Dryd.
Not one woman of two hundred dies in labour. Graunt.
His heart is in continual labour ; it even travails with the
obligation, and is in pangs ’till it be delivered. South's Serm.
To Labour, v. n. [laboro, Latin.]
1. To toil; to aft with painful effort.
When fhall I come to th’ top of that fame hill ?
—You do climb up it now ; look how we labour. Shakef.
For your bighnefs’ good I ever labour'd.
More than mine own Shakefpear's Hen. VIII.
Who is with him ?
— None but the fool, who labours to out-jeft
His heart-ftruck injuries. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
Let more work be laid upon the men, that they may la¬
bour therein. JVxod. v. 9.
2. To do work ; to take pains.
Epaphras faluteth you, always labouring fervently for you
in prayers, that ye may ftand perfeft. Col. iv. 12.
A labouring man that is given to drunkennefs fhall not be
rxiT . . Eccluf xix. r.
1 hat in the night they may be a guard to us, and labour
on the day. NeL iv. 22.
^ et is there no end of all h,s labours; neither faith he,
for whom do I labour. £Ccl, iv. 8.
15 A As
t
LAB L A C
As a man had a right to all he could employ hi$ labour
upon, fo he had no temptation to labour for more than he
could make ufe of. Lode*
3. To move with difficulty.
The ftone that labours up the hill,
Mocking the labourer’s toil, returning flill,
Is love. Granville.
4. To be difeafed with. \_Morbo laborare, Latin.]
They abound with horle,
Of which one want our camp doth only labour,
And I have found ’em coming. Ben. Johnfon’s Catiline.
I was called to another, who in childbed laboured of an
ulcer in her left hip. Wifemari.
5i To be in diflrefs; to be preffed.
To this infernal lake the fury flies,
Here hides her hated head, and frees the lab'ring Ikies. Dryd.
Trumpets and drums fhall fright her from the Throne,
As founding cymbals aid the lab’ring moon. Dryd. Aur.
This exercife will call down the favour of heaven upon
you, to remove thofe afflictions you now labour under from
you. Wake’s Preparationfor Death.
6. To be in child-birth; to be in travail.
There lay a log unlighted on the earth,
When fhe was laboring in the throws of birth;
For th’ unborn chief the fatal lifters came.
And rais’d it up, and tofs’d it on the flame. Dryd. Ovid.
Here, like fome furious prophet, Pindar rode,
And feem’d to labour with th’ infpiring God. Pope.
He is fo touch’d with the memory of her benevolence and
protection, that his foul labours for an expreffion enough to
reprefent it. Notes on the Odyffey.
To La'bour. v. a.
1. To work at; to move with difficulty; to form with la¬
bour ; to profecute with effeCt.
To ufe brevity, and avoid much labouring of the work, is
to be granted to him that will make an abridgment. 2 Mac.
The matter of the ceremonies had wrought, for the moft
part, only upon light-headed, weak men, whofe fatisfa&ion
was not to be laboured for. Clarendon.
The pains of familh’d Tantalus fhall feel.
And Sifyphus that labours up the hill.
The rowling rock in vain, and curft Ixion’s wheel., Dryd.
Had you requir’d my helpful hand,
Th’ artificer and art you might command,
To labour arms for Troy. Dryden’s AEnds.
An eager defire to know fomething concerning him, has
' occafioned mankind to labour the point under thefe difadvantages, and turn on all hands to fee if there were any thing
left which might have the leaft appearance of informa¬
tion. Pope’s EJfay on Homer.
2. To beat; to belabour.
Take, fhepherd, take a plant of ftubborn oak.
And labour him with many a fturdy ftroak. Dryden’s Virg.
Labourer, n.f. [laboureur, French.]
I.One who is employed in coafle and toilfome work.
If a ftate run moft to noblemen" and gentlemen, and that
the hufbandmen be but as their work-folks and labourers, you
may have a good cavalry, but never good liable foot. Bacon.
The fun but feem’d the lab’rer of the year,
Each waxing moon fupply’d her wat’ry ftore.
To fwell thofe tides, which from the line did bear
Their brimful veffels to the Belgian fhore. Dryden.
Labourers and idle perfons, children and ftriplings, old men
and young men, mull have divers diets. Arbuth. on Aliments.
Not balmy fleep to lab’rers faint with pain,
Not Ihow’rs to larks, or fun-lhine to the bee,
Are half fo charming, as thy fight to me. Pope’s Autumn.
Yet hence the poor are cloth’d, the hungry fed.
Health to himfelf, and to his infants bread,
The lab’rer bears. Pope, Ep. iv. /. 167.
The prince cannot fay to the merchant, I have no need
of thee; nor the merchant to the labourer, I have no need
of thee. Swift's Mifcel.
2.One who takes pains in any employment.
Sir, I am a true labourer; I earn that I eat; get that I
wear ; owe no man hate ; envy no man’s happinels. Shakef.
The ftone that labours up the hill,
Mocking the lab’rer’s toil, returning Hill,
Is love. Granville.
La'boursome. adj. [from labour.'] Made with great labour
and diligence.
Forget
Your labourfome and dainty trims, wherein
You made great Jove angry. Shakcfpcare’s Cymbeline.
He hath, my lord, byfabourfome petition,
Wrung from me my flow leave. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet.
La'bra. n.f [Spanilh.] A lip. Hanmcr.
Word of denial in thy labras here;
Word of denial, froth and fcum thou lieft. Shakefpeare.
La'byrinth. n.f. [,labyrinthus, Latin.] A maze; a place,
formed with inextricable windings.
Suffolk, Hay;
Thou may’ft not wander in that labyrinth ;
There Minotaurs, and ugly treafons lurk.
Words, which would tear
Shakeffeare.
The Donne. tender labyrinth of a maid’s foft ear.
My clamours tear
The ear’s foft labyrinth, and cleft the air. Sandy s Paraph.
The earl of Eflex had not proceeded with his accuftomed
warinefs and Ikill; but run into labyrinths, from whence he
could not difentangle himfelf. Clarendon, b. viii.
My foul is on her journey; do not now
Divert, or lead her back, to lofe herfelf
I’ th’ maze and winding labyrinths o’ th’ world. Denham.
Lac. n.f.
Lac is ufually dillinguifhed by the name of a gum, but
improperly, becaufe it is inflammable and not foluble in wa¬
ter. We have three forts of it, which are all the produdl of
the fame tree. 1. The Hick lac. 2. T. he feed lac. 3. Thefhell lac. Authors leave us uncertain whether this drug be¬
longs to the animal or the vegetable kingdom. Hill.
LACE. n.f. facet, French; laqueus, Latin.]
1. A firing; a cord.
There the fond fly entangled, ftruggled long,
Himfelf to free, thereout; but all in vain :
For llriving more, the more in laces ftrong
Himfelf he tied, and wrapt his winges twain
In limy fnares, the fubtil loops among. Spenfer.
2. A fnare; a gin.
The king had fnared been in love’s ftrong lace. Fairfax.
3. A platted firing, with which women fallen their clothes,
O 1 cut my lace, left my heart cracking, it
Break too. Shakefpeare’s Winter’s Pale.
Doll ne’er was call’d to cut her lace,
Or throw cold water in her face. Swift.
4. Ornaments of fine thread curioufly woven.
Our Englilh dames are much given to the wearing of coftly laces; and, if they be brought from Italy, they are in
great efteem. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
5. Textures of thread, with gold or filver.
He wears a Huff, whofe thread is coarfe and round.
But trimm’d with curious lace. Herbert.
6. Sugar. A cant word.
If haply he the fe£t purfues.
That read and comment upon news ;
He takes up their myllerious face.
He drinks his coffee without lace. Prior.
To Lace. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fallen with a firing run through eilet holes.
I caufed a fomentation to be made, and put on a laced
fock, by which the weak parts were ftrengthened. Wifeman.
At this, for new replies he did not ftay.
But lac’d his crefted helm, and ftrode away. _ Dryden.
Thefe glitt’ring fpoils, now made the vidlor’s gain,
He to his body fuits ; but fuits in vain:
Meffapus’ helm he finds among the reft.
And laces on, and wears the waving creft Dryd. JEneis.
Like Mrs. Primly’s great belly; Ihe may lace it down be¬
fore, but it burnifhes on her hips. Congr. Way of the World.
When Jenny’s flays are newly lac’d,
Fair Alma plays about her waift. Prior.
2. To adorn with gold or filver textures fewed on.
It is but a night-gown in refpedl of yours; cloath of gold
and coats, and lac’d with filver. Shakef. Much ado about Not.
3. To embellilh with variegations.
Look, love, what envious ftreaks
Do lace the fevering clouds in yonder Eaft;
Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Stands tiptoe on the mifly mountains tops. Shakefpeare.
Then clap four flices of pilafter on’t,
That, lac’d with bits of ruftick, makes a front. Pope.
4. To beat; whether from the form which L’Ejlrange ufes, or
by corruption of lafh.
Go you, and find me out a man that has no curiofity at
all, or I’ll lace your coat for ye. L’Ejlranre.
Laced Mutton. An old word for a whore.-
Ay, Sir, I, a loft mutton, gave your letter to her a lac’d
mutton, and fhe gave me nothing for my labour. Shakef.
La'ceman. n.f. [lace and man.] One who deals in lace.
I met with a nonjuror, engaged with a laccrnan, whether
the late French king was moft like Auguftus Csffar, or
Nero. Addijon’s Spectator, N°. 404.
La^er able. adj. [from lacerate.] Such as may be torn.
Since the lungs are obliged to a perpetual commerce with
the air, they muft neceflarily lie open to great damages,
becaufe of their thin and lacerable compolure. Harvey.
Fo LA'CERAl E. v. a. [lacero, Latin.] To tear; to rend;
to feparate by violence.
And my foils lacerate and rip up, viper like, the womb
that brought them forth. Howel’s England’s Tears.
The heat breaks through the water, fo as to lacerate and
lift up great bubbles too heavy for the air to buoy up, and
Derham’s Phyfco-Thcclcgy.
Here
caufeth boiling.
LAC L A D
Here laceratedfriendlhip claims a tear. Va. ofhuman 1Viflics.
LaceraTion. n.f [from lacerate.] The act of tearing or
rending; the breach made by tearing.
The effects are, extenfion of the great veffels, comprefiion of the Idler, and lacerations upon fmall caufes. Arbuth.
La'cerative. adj. [from lacerate.J Tearing; having the
power to tear.
Some depend upon the intemperatnent of the part ulce¬
rated, others upon the continual afflux of laccrative hu¬
mours. Harvey on Confumptions.
La'chrymal. adj. [lachrymal, French.] Generating tears.
It is of an exquilite fenfe, that, upon any touch, the tears
might be fqueezed from the lachrymal glands, to wafh and
clean it. Cheyne's Philofophical Principles.
La'chrymary. adj. [lachryma, Latin.] Containing tears.
How many dreffes are there for each particular deity ?
what a variety of fhapes in the ancient urns, lamps, and lachrymary veil'ds. Addifon's Travels through Italy.
Lachrymaction, n.f. [from lachryma.] The a£l of weep¬
ing, or fhedding tears.
La'chrymatory. n.f. [lachrimatoire, French.] A veflel in
which tears are gathered to the honour of the dead.
Laci'niated. adj. [from lacinia, Lat.J Adorned with fringes
and borders.
To LACK. v. a. [laecken, to leffen, Dutch.] To want; to
need; to be without.
Every good and holy defire, though it lack the form, hath
notwithftanding in itfelf the fubftance, and with him the
force of prayer, who regardeth the very moanings, groans,
and fighs of the heart. Hooker, b. v. /. 348.
A land wherein thou fhalt eat bread without fcarcenefs ;
thou fhalt not lack any thing in it. Dent. viii. 9.
One day we hope thou fhalt bring back.
Dear Bolingbroke, the juftice that we lack. Daniel.
Intreat they may; authority they lack. Daniel.
To Lack. v. n.
1. To be in want.
The lions do lack and fuffer hunger. Common Prayer.
2. To be wanting.
Peradventure there fhall lack five of the fifty righteous ;
wilt thou deftroy all the city for lack of five ? Gen. viii. 28.
There was nothing lacking to them ; David recovered all.
I Sam. xxx. 19.
That which was lacking on your part, they have fuppl'ied* 1 Cor. xvi. 17.
Lack. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Want; need; failure.
In the feripture there neither wanteth any thing, the lack
whereof might deprive us of life. Hooker, b. i. p. 41.
Many that are not mad
Have fure more lack of reafon. Shakef. Meaf. for Meaf.
He was not able to keep that place three days, for lack
of victuals. Knolles’s Hijlory of the Turks.
The trenchant blade, toledo trufty.
For want of fighting was grown rufty.
And eat into itfelf, for lack
Of fomebody to hew and hack. Hudibras, p. i. c. 1.
2. Lack, whether noun or verb, is now almoft obfolete.
La'ckbrain. n.f [lack and brain.'] One that wants wit.
What a lackbrain is this ? Our plot is as good a plot as
ever was laid. Shakefpeare's Henry IV. p. \.
La'cker. n. f. A kind of varnifh, which, fpread upon a
white fubftance, exhibits a gold colour.
To La'cker. V. a. [from the noun.] To do over with lacker.
What fhook the ftage, and made the people flare?
Cato’s long wing, flower’d gown, and lacker'd chair. Pope.
La'ckey. n.f [lacquais, French.] An attending fervant; a
foot-boy.
* They would fhame to make me
Wait elfe at door: a fellow counfellor,
\Mong boys, and grooms, and lackeys / Shakef. Hen. VIII.
Though his youthful blood be fir’d with wine,
He’s cautious to avoid the coach and fix.
And on the lackeys will no quarrel fix. Dryden's Juvenal.
Lacqueys were never fo laucy and pragmatical as they are
now-a-days. « Addifon's Spectator, N°. 481.
To La'ckey. v. a. [from the noun.] To attend fervilely.
I know not whether Milton has ufed this word very pro¬
perly. '
This common body,
Like to a vagabond flag upon the ftream.
Goes to, and back, lacqueying the varying tide,
To rot itfelf v/ith motion. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
So dear to heav’n is faintly chaftity.
That when a foul is found fincerely fo,
A thoufand liveried angels lackey her,
Driving far off each thing of fin and guilt. Milton.
To La'ckey. v. n. To a£t as a foot-boy; to pay fervile at¬
tendance.
Cft have I fervants feen on horfes ride.
The free and noble lacquey by their fide. Sandys's Par.
Our Italian tranflator of the jEneis is a foot poet; he
4
lackeys by the fide of Virgil, but never mounts behind
him- ' . Dryd. Ded. Ain.
La'cklinen. adj. [lack and linen.] Wanting fhirts.
I (corn you, feurvy companion; what? your poor, bate,
rafcally, cheating, lackhnen mate ; away, you mouldy rogue,
away ; I’m made for your matter. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
La'ciclustre. adj. [lack and lujlre.] Wanting brightnefs.
And then he drew a dial from his poke,
Arid looking on it with lacklujlre eye,
Says very wifely, it is ten a clock. Shakefpeare.
LACO'NICK. adj. [lacomcus, Lat. laconique, Fr.] Short; brief;
from Lacones, the Spartans, who ufed few words.
I grow laconick even beyond Iaconicifm ; for fometimes I
return only yes, or no, to queftionary or petitionary epiftles
of half a yard long. ' p0pe t0 gwft%
La'conism. n. f. [laconif?ne, French ; laconifmus, Latin.] A
concife ftile : called by Pope Iaconicifm. See LACONICK.
As the language of the face is univerfal, fo it is very
comprehenfive : no laconifn can reach it. It is the fhorthand of the mind, and crowds a great deal in a little
room. Collier of the Afpeti.
Laconically, adv. [from laconick.] Briefly; concifely.-
Alexander Nequam, a man of great learning, and defirous to enter into religion there, writ to the abbot laco¬
nically. Camden's Remains.
La ctary. adj. [laths, Lat.] Milky; full of juice like milk.
From lay. ary, or milky plants, which have a white and
laefteous juice difperfed through every part, there arife flowers
blue and yellow. Brown's Vidgar Errors, b. vi. c. 10.
La ctary. n.f [lattarium, Latin.] A dairy houfe.
LactaOtion. n.J, [latto, Latin.] Fhe a(Ft or time of giving
fuck.
LaCteal. adj. [from lac, Latin.] Conveying chyle.
As the food pafles, the chyle, which is the nutritive part,
is leparated from the excrementitious by the latieal veins ;
and from thence conveyed into the blood. Locke.
LA'cteal. n.f The veil'd that conveys chyle.
Fhe mouths of the laCteals may permit aliment, acrimo¬
nious or not, fufficiently attenuated, to enter in people of
lax conftitutions, whereas\their fphincters will fhut again!!
them in fuch as have ftrong fibres. Arbuthnot on Aliments*
Lacte'ous. adj. [latieus, Latin. 1
1. Milky. . .
Though we leave out the latieous circle, yet are there more
by four than Philo mentions. Brown's Vulgar Errors,
2. Ladteal; conveying chyle.
The lungs are fuitable for refpiration, and the lageous veffels for the reception of the chyle. Bentley's Serm.
Lactes'cence. n.f [laCttfo, Latin.] Tendency to milk.
This laCiefcence does commonly enlue, when wine, being
impregnated with gums, or other vegetable concretions, that
abound with fulphureous corpufcles, fair water is fuddenly
poured upon the folution. Boyle on Colours.
Lactes'cent. adj. [lattefcens, Latin.] Producing Milk.
Among!! the pot-herbs are fome laCtefcent plants, as let¬
tuce and endive, which contain a wholefome juice. Arbuth.
Lacti'ferous. adj. [lac and_/m?.] What conveys or brings
milk.
He makes the breatts to be nothing but glandules, made
up of an infinite number of little knots, each whereof hath
its excretory veflel, or lactiferous dud. Ray on the Creation.
Lad. n.f [leobe, Saxon, which commonly fignifies people,
but fometimes, fays Mr. Lye, a boy.]
1. A boy; a ftripling, in familiar language.
"tVe were
Two lads, that thought there was no more behind.
But fuch a day to-morrow as to-day,
And to be boy eternal. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
The poor lad who wants knowledge, muft fet his inven¬
tion on the rack, to fay fomething"where he knows no¬
thing. Locke.
Too far from the ancient forms of teaching feveral good
grammarians have departed, to the great detriment of fuch
lads as have been removed to other fchools. Watts.
2. A boy, in paftoral language.
For grief whereof the lad would after joy,
But pin’d away in anguifh, and felf-will’d annoy. Fa. 3u.
The lhepherd lad,
Whofe offspring on the throne-of Judah fat
So many ages. Milton's Par, Reg. b. ii. /. 430.
LADDER, n. f. [jriaspe, Saxon.]
1. A frame made with fteps placed between two upright
pieces.
Whofe compoft is rotten, and carried in time,
And fpread as it Ihould be, thrift’s ladder may clime. Tuff.
Nov/ flreets grow throng’d, and bufy as by day,
Some run for buckets to the hallow’d quire; .
Some cut the pipes, and fome the engines play,
And fome more bold mount ladders to the fire. Dryclen.
I law a ftage erected about a foot and a half from the
ground, capable of holding four of the inhabitants with two
or three ladders to mount it. Gulliver’s Travels.
Eafy
LAD
^iy ’n wOrds, thy (Hie, in fenfe fubiime ;
’I is like the ladder in the patriarch’s dream,
Its foot on earth, its height above the (kies. Prior.
2. Any thing by which one climbs.
11 hen took fhe help to her of a fervant near about her
hulband, whom (he knew to be of a hafly ambition ; and
fuch a one, wlro wanting true fufflciency to raife him, would
make a ladder of any mifchief. Sidney, b. ii.
I mull climb her window,
The ladder made of cords. Shake/. Two Gent, o/Verona.
Northumberland, thou ladder, by the which
My coufin Bolingbroke afcends my throne. Shake/.
Lowlinefs is young ambition’s ladder.
Whereto the climber upward turns his face. Shake/.
3. A gradual rife.
Endow d with all thefe accomplifhments, we leave him
in the full career of fuccefs, mounting fall towards the top
of the ladder ecclefiallical, which he hath a fair probability
Y to reach- Swift.
Lade. n./
Lade is the mouth of a river, and is derived from the
Saxon laoe, which fignifies a purging or difcharging; there
being a difcharge of the waters into the fea, or into fome
greater river. Gib/on's Camden.
To Lade. v. a. preter. and part, paffive, laded ox laden, [from
Jjlaoen, Saxon.] It is now commonly written load.
1. To load; to freight; to burthen.
And they laded their affes with corn, and departed thence.
Gen. xlii. 26.
The experiment which fheweth the weights of feveral bo¬
dies in comparifon with water, is of ufe in lading of fhips,
and fhewing what burthen they wall bear. Bacon’s Ph. Rem.
The veffels, heavy laden, put to fea
With profp’rous winds; a woman leads the way. Dryden.
Though the peripatetick dodtrine does not fatisfy, yet it is
as eafy to account for the difficulties he charges on it, as for
thofe his own hypothecs is laden with. Locke.
2. [J:lat>an, to draw, Saxon.] To heave out; to throw out.
He chides the fea that funders him from them,
Saying, he’ll lade it dry to have his way. Shake/.
They never let blood; but fay, if the pot boils too fail
there is no need of lading out any of the water, but only of
taking away the fire; and fo they allay all heats of the blood
by abflinence, and cooling herbs. Temple.
If there be fprings in the flate marl, there mull be help to
lade or pump it out. Mortimer’s Hu/band.
La'ding. n./. [from laded] Weight; burthen.
Some we made prize, while others burnt and rent
With their rich lading to the bottom went. Waller.
The florm grows higher and higher, and threatens the
utter lofs of the fhip: there is but one way to fave it, which
is, by throwing its rich lading overboard. South’s Serm.
It happened to be foul weather, fo that the mariners call
their whole lading overboard to fave themfelves. L’Ejlrange.
Why fhould he fink where nothing feem’d to prefs?
His lading little, and his ballaff lefs. Swi/t.
LA'DLE. n./. Qdaeele, Saxon, from Jsla&an; leaugh, Erfe.]
1. A large fpoon ; a vefl’el with a long handle, ufed in throw¬
ing out any liquid.
Some flirr’d the molten ore with ladles great. Fa. £he.
When the materials of glafs have been kept long in fufion,
the mixture calls up the fuperfluous fait, which the workmen
take off with ladles. Boyle.
A laddie for our filver difh
Is what I want, is what I wifh. Prior.
2, The receptacles of a mill wheel, into which the water falling
turns it.
La'-DEE-fud. n./. [ladle and/ullS]
If a footmaiv.be going up with a difh of foup, let the cook
with a ladle-/ul dribble his livery all the way up flairs. Srw.
LA'DY. n./ [plaepbij, Saxon.]
1. A woman of high rank: the title of lady properly belongs
to the wives of knights, of all degrees above them, and to
the daughters of earls, and all of higher ranks.
I am much afraid, my lady, his mother, play’d falfe with
a fmith. Shake/peare’s Merch. 0/ Verona.
I would thy hulband were dead; I would make thee my
lady.
-1 your lady, Sir John ? alas, I fhould be a pitiful
lady. Shake/. Merry Wives 0/ Wind/or.
I am forry my relation to fo deferving a lady, fhould be
any occafion of her danger and affliction. K. Charles.
2. An illuflrious or eminent woman.
O foolifh fairy’s foil, what fury mad
Hath thee incens’d to hafle thy doleful fate ?
Were it not better I that lady had.
Than that thou hadft repented it too late? Fairy Vfu.
I lpve and hate her ; for file’s fair and royal.
And that fhe hath all courtly parts more exquifite
Than lady ladies ; winning from each one
The b'efl fhe hath, and file of all compounded
Out-fells them all. Shake/peare’s Cymbeline.
Before Homer’s time this great lady was fcarce heard of. Ral.
L A G
May every lady an Evadne prove,
That fhall divert me from Afpafia’s love. Waller.
Shou’d I fhun the dangers of the war,
With fcorn the Trojans wou’d reward my pains,
And their proud ladies with their fweeping trains. Dryden.
_ We find on medals the representations of ladies, that have
given occafion to whole volumes on the account only of a
face* Addi/on on ancient Medals.
Of all thefe bounds, even from this line to this.
With fhadowy forefts, and with champaigns rich’d,
With plenteous rivers, and wide-fkirted fneads,
We make thee lady. Shake/peare’s King Lear.
4.A word of complaifarxc hied of women.
Say, good Cxfar,
That I fome lady trifles have referv’d,
Immoment toys, things of fuch dignity
As we greet modern friends withal. Shake/ Ant. andCl.
I hope I may fpeak of women without offence to the la¬
dies. Guardian.
La'dy-bedstr a w. n./. [Gallium.] It is a plant of the flellate kind ; the leaves are neither rough nor knappy, and pro¬
duced at the joints of the flalks, five or fix in number, in a
radiant form : the flower confifls of one leaf, expanded to¬
ward the upper part, and divided into feveral fegments; each
of thefe flowers is lucceeded by two dry feeds. Miller.
La'dy-bird. }
La dy-cow. > n./ A fmall red infeCl vaginopennous.
La'dy-fly. 3
Fly lady-bird, north, fouth, or eafl or well.
Fly where the man is found that I love beft. Gay’s Pajl,
This lady-fly I take from off the grafs,
t Whofe fpotted back might fcarlet red furpafs. Gay.
La dy-day. n./ [,lady and day.~\ The day on which the an¬
nunciation of the bleffed virgin is celebrated.
La'dy-like. adj. [lady and like.] Soft; delicate; elegant.
Her tender conflitution did declare.
Too lady-like a long fatigue to bear. Dry. Hind and Panth.
La dy-m antle. n./ [Alchimilla.J The leaves are ferrated,
the cup of the flower is divided into eight fegments, expand¬
ed in form of a liar; the flowers are collected into bunches
upon the tops of the flalks; each feed veflel generally con¬
tains two feeds. Miller.
La dyship. n./ [from lady.J The title of a lady.
Madam, he fends your ladyjhip this ring. Shake/peare.
If they be nothing but mere flatefmen.
Your ladyjhip fhall obferve their gravity,
And their refervednefs, their many cautions.
Fitting their perfons. Benj. John/on’s Catiline.
x the wronged pen to pleafe.
Make it my humble thanks exprefs
Unto your ladyjhip in thefe. Waller
’Tis GaUa j let her ladyjhip but peep. Dr,dm’, Jm.
La dy s-slipper. „ J [Calceolus] It hath an anomalous
flower, confifling of fix diffimilar leaves, four of which are
placed in form of a crofs, the other two pals the middle, one
of whuffi is bifid, and refls on. the other, which is fwellin*,
and fhaped like a fhoe ; the empalement becomes a fruit
open on three Tides, to which adhere the valves, pregnant
with, very fmall feeds like duff. Miller.
Lady s-smock. n./. [Cardamine.] The flower confifls of
four leaves fucceeded by narrow pods, which when ripe roll
up, and call forth their feeds : the leaves for the mofl part
are winged. The firfl fort is fometimes ufed in medicine •
the third fort is a very beautiful plant, continuing a W
time in flower : they are preferved in botanick gardens and
fome of them merit a place in fome fhady part of every cu¬
rious garden, for their odd manner of calling forth their
feeds on the flightefl touch when the pods are ripe. Miller
When dazies pied, and violets blue,
And lady s-/mocks all filver white,
Do paint the meadows much bedight. Shake/peare.
See here a boy gathering lilies and lady/mocks, and there a
lgandsCr0PPinS CU VCrkeyS and c°wflips, all to make garLady s-/mocks have fmall flringy roots that run in the ground,*
I AC IT'HUP m rrS P 1CeS< , M°rtimer’s Hu/bandry. LAG. adj. [kenj Saxon, long; lagg, Swedifh, the end.] '
1. Coming behind ; falling fhort. J
I could be well content
I o entertain the lag end of my life
ThithflqUietA°UrS'a 1 Shake/peare’s Henry IV.
reelward ^ ^COme the fhow'of a
I am fome twelve or fourteen moonfhin^T * Surve*m
n n 3 nbrothcr- Shake/peare’s Kina Lear
2. oluggffli; flow ; tardy. It is retained in Scotland. &
He, poor man, by your firfl order died
And that a winged Mercury did bear;
Some tardy cripple had the countermand.
That came too lag to fee him buried. ’Shake/ Rich III.
We know your thoughts of us, that laymen are
Lag fouls, and rubbifh of remaining clav.
Which
L A M LAM
Which heav’n, grown weary of more perfet work,
Set upright with a little puff' of breath,
And bid us pafs for men. Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
3. Laft; long delayed.
Pack to their old play-fellows ; there I take
They may, cum privilegio, wear away
The lag end of their lewdnefs, and be laugh’d at. Shat.
Lag. n. f.
1. The loweft clafs ; the rump ; the fag end.
The reft of your foes, O gods, the fenators of Athens,
together with the common lag of people, what is amifs in
them, make fuitable for deftruction. Sbakef Tim. of Athens.
2. He that comes laft, or hangs behind.
The laft, the lag of all the race. Dryd. Virg. JEncis.
What makes my ram the lag of all the flock. Pope.
To Lag. v. n.
1. To loiter i to move flowly.
She pafs’d, with fear and fury wild ;
The nurfe went lagging after with the child. Dryden.
The remnant of his days he fafely paft.
Nor found they lagg’d too flow, nor flow’d too faft. Prior.
2. To ftay behind; not to come in.
Behind her far away a dwarf did lag. Fairy Ahieen.
I Ihall not lag behind, nor err
The way, thou leading. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. x.
The knight himfelf did after ride.
Leading Crowdero by his fide.
And tow’d him, if he lagg’d behind.
Like boat againft the tide and wind. Hud. p. i. c. 3.
If he finds a fairy lag in light,
He drives the wretch before, and lathes into night. Dryd.
She hourly prefs’d for fomething new}
Ideas came into her mind
So faft, his leflons lagg'd behind. Swift.
La'gger. n.f [from lag.J A loiterer} an idler} one that
loiters behind.
La'1 cal. adj. [la'ique, French} laicus, Latin ; A«©•*.] Belong¬
ing to the laity, or people as diftinct from the clergy.
In ail ages the clerical will flatter as well as the laical.
• Camdeti.
Laid. Preterite participle of lay.
Money laid up for the relief of widows and fatherlefs chil¬
dren. 2 Mac. iii. 10.
A fcheme which was writ fome years fince, and laid by
to be ready on a fit occafion. Swift.
Lain. Preterite participle of lye.
Mary feeth two angels in white, fitting, the one at the
head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jefus
had lain. John xx. 12.
The parcels had lain by, before they were opened, be¬
tween four and five years. Boyle.
Lair. n.f. [lai, in French, fignifies a wild fow, or a foreft:
the derivation is eafy in either fenfe } or from leger, Dutch.]
The couch of a boar, or wild beaft.
Out of the ground uprofe,
As from his lair, the wild beaft, where he wons
In foreft wild, in thicket, brake or den. Milton's P, Loft.
But range the foreft, by the filver fide
Of fome cool ftream, where nature Ihall provide
Green grafs and fatt’ning clover for your fare.
And mofly caverns for your noon-tide lair. Dryd. Virg.
Laird, n.f [Jffapopb, Saxon.] The lord of a manor in the
Scottilh dialed!.
Shrive but their title, and their moneys poize,
A laird and twenty pence pronounc’d with noife.
When conftru’d but for a plain yeoman go.
And a good fober two pence, and well fo. Cleaveland.
La'jty. n.f. [Aa©-5.]
1. The people, as diftinguilhed from the clergy.
A11 humble clergy is a very good, one, and an humble
laity too, fince humility is a virtue that equally adorns every
ftation of life. Swift's Sentiments of a Ch. of Engl. Man.
2. The ftate of a layman.
The more ufual caufe of this deprivation is a mere laity,
or want of holy orders. Aylife's Parergon.
Lake. n. f. [lac, French ; lacus, Latin.]
1. A large diffufion of inland water.
He adds the running fprings and Handing lakes.
And bounding banks for winding rivers makes. Dry. Ovid.
2. Small plafh of water.
3. A middle colour, betwixt ultramarine and vermilion, yet
it is rather fweet than harfh. Dryden.
1 AMB. n.f. [lamb, Gothick and Saxon.]
1, The young of a fheep.
I’m young; but fomething
You may deferve of him through me, and wifdom.
To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb,
T' appeafe an angry god. Shakefpiare's Macbeth.
The lamb, thy riot dooms to bleed to day.
Had lie thy knowledge would he fkip and play ? Pope.
2. Typically, the Saviour of the world.
Thou Lamb of God that takeft away the fins of the
world, have mercy upon us. Common Prayer.
2
La'mbkiN. n. f. [from lamb.J A little lamb.
’ l’wixt them both they not a lambkin left.
And when lambs fail’d, the old Iheeps lives they
rc'ft* Hubberd’s Ta'.et
Pan, thou god of Ihepherds all,
Which of our tender lambkins takeft, keep. Spenf Pajl.
Clean as young lambkins, or the goofe’s down,
And like the goldfinch in her Sunday gown. Gay.
Lambative. adj. [from lambo, to lick.] Taken by licking.
In affections both of lungs and weazon, phyficians make
ufe of fyrups, and lambative medicines. Brown s Vul. Errors.
Lam'bative. n.f A medicine taken by licking with the
tongue.
I ftitch’d up the wound, and applied aftringents, with
comprefs and retentive bandage, then put him into bed, and
let him blood in the arm, advifing a lambative, to be taken
as neceflity Ihould require. Wifeman's Surgery.
Lambs-wool. n.f. [lamb and wool.] Ale mixed with the pulp
of roafted apples.
A cup of lambs-wool they drank to him there.
Song of the King and the Miller.
La'mbent. adj. [lambens, Lat.] Playing about} gliding over
without harm.
From young lulus head
A lambent flame arofe, which gently fpread
Around his brows, and on his temples fed. Dryd. AEneis.
His brows thick fogs, inftead of glories, grace,
And lambent dulnefs played around his face. Dryden.
LamdoFdal. n. f. [\a,fA$oo and ji/j'©J.] Having the form of
the letter lamda or A.
The courfe of the longitudinal finus down through the
middle of it, makes it advifeable to trapan at the lower part
of the os parietale, or at leaft upon the lamdcidal future. . Sharp's Surgery.
LAME. adj. [laam, lama, Saxon} lam, Dutch.]
1. Crippled } difabled in the limbs.
Who reproves the lame, muft go upright. Daniel.
A greyhound, of a moufe colour, lame of one leg, belongs
to a lady. Arbuth. and Pope's Mart. Scrib.
2. Hobbling} not fmooth: alluding to the feet of a verfe.
Our authors write.
Whether in profe, or verfe, ’tis all the fame}
The profe is fuftian, and the numbers lame. Dry. Perf.
3. Imperfect-} unfatisfactory.
Shrubs are formed into fundry Ihapes, by mouldinothem within, and cutting them without} but they are but
lame things, being too fmall to keep figure. Bacon.
Swift, who could neither fly nor hide.
Came fneaking to the chariot fide }
And offer’d many a lame excufe,
He never meant the leaft abufe. Swift.
To Lame. v. a. [from the adjective.] To make lame} to
cripple.
I never heard of fuch another encounter, which lames re¬
port to follow it, and undoes defeription to do it. Shakefp.
The fon and heir
Affronted once a cock of noble kind.
And either lam d his legs, or ftruck him blind. Dryd.
If you happen to let the child fall, and lame it, never
confefs. _ Swift.
L'amellated. adj. [lamella, Latin.] Covered with films or
plates.
The lamellated antennae of fome infects are furprifingly
beautiful, when viewed through a microfcope. Derham.
Lame'ly. adj. [from lame.~\
1. Like a cripple} without natural force or activity.
Thofe mufcles become callous, and, having yielded to the
extenfion, the patient makes Ihift to go upon it, though
lamely. IVifeman's Surgery.
2. Imperfectly } without a full or complete exhibition of all the
parts.
Look not ev’ry lineament to fee,
Some will be caft in Ihades, and fome will be
So lamely drawn, you fcarcely know ’tis Ihe. Dryden.
La'meness. n. f. [from lame.~\
1. The fthte of a cripple } lofs or inability of limbs.
Let blindnefs, lamenefs come } are legs and eyes
Of equal value to fo great a prize l Dryden's Juv.
Lamenefs kept me at home Digby to Pope.
2. Imperfection} weaknefs.
If the ftory move, or the actor help the lamenefs of it
with his performance, either of thefe are fufficient to effect
a prefent liking. Dryden's Spanifh Friar.
To LAMENT, v. n. [lamentor, Latin} lamenter, French.] To
mourn } to wail; to grieve ; to exprefs foirow.
The night has been unruly where we Jay }
And chimneys were blown down : and, as they fay,
Lamentings heard i’ th’ air, ftrange fereams of death. Shat.
Ye Ihall weep and lament, but the world Ihall rejoice. John.
Jeremiah lamented for Jofiah, and all the finging-men and
women fpake of Jofiah in their lamentations. 2 Chron.
J
15 B In
LAM LAN
In their wailing they fhall take up a lamentation for ftifee,
and lament over thee. Ezek. xxfii. 32.
h ar lefs I now lament for one whole world
Of wicked Tons deftroy’d, than I rejoice
For one man found fo perfect and fo juft;
That God vouchfafes to raife another world
From him. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xi. /. 874.
To La'ment. v. a. To bewail; to mourn; to bemoan; to
forrow for.-
Come; now towards Chertfey with your holy load.
And ftill, as you are weary of this weight,
Reft you, while I lament king Henry’s corfe. Shakefpeare.
The paif of fagesr prailh ;
One pity’d, one contemn’d the woful times,’
One laugh’d at follies, one lamented crimes. Dryden.
La'ment. n.f [lamentum, Latin, from the verb.]
1. Sorrow audibly exprefled; lamentation; grief uttered in
complaints or cries.
Long ere our approaching heard within
Noife, other than the found of dance, or fong !
Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milton.
The loud laments arife,
Of one diftrefs’d, and maftiffs mingled cries. Dryden.
2. Expreflion of forrow.
To add to your laments,
Wherewith you now bedew king Henry’s hearfe,
I muft inform you of a difmal fight. 1Shake/ Henry VI.
La'mentable. adj. [lamentabilis, Latin; lamentable, French,
from lament.]
1. To be lamented ; caufing forrow.
The lamentable change is from the beft ;
The worft returns to laughter. Shakef. King Lear.
2. Mournful; forrowful; exprefling forrow.
A lamentable tune is the fweeteft mufick to a woful
mind. Sidney.
The vi£tors to their veffels bear the prize,
And hear behind loud groans, and lamentable cries. Dryd.
3. Miferable, in a ludicrous or low fenfe; pitiful; defpicable.
This bifhop, to make out the difparity between the hea¬
thens and them, flies to this lamentable refuge. Stillingfleet.
La'mentably. adv. [from lamentable.]
I. With expreflions or tokens of forrow; mournfully.
The matter in itfelf lamentable, lamentably exprefled by
the old prince, greatly moved the two princes to compaffton. Sidney, b. ii.
2k So as to caufe forrow.
Our fortune on the fea is out of breath,
And finks moft lamentably. Shakef. Ant. and Cleopatra.
3.Pitifully ; defpicably.
LamEnta'tion. n.f. [lamentatio, Latin.] Expreflion of for¬
row ; audible grief.
Be’t lawful that I invocate thy ghoft.
To hear the lamentations of poor Anne. Shakef. R. III.
jHis fons buried him, and all Ifrael made great lamenta¬
tion fbr him. 1 Mac. ii. 10.
Lamen'teR, n.f. [from lament.] He who mourns or laments.
Such a complaint good company muft pity, whether they
think the lamertter ill or not. Spectator, N°. 429.
La'mentine. n.f. A fifh called a fea-cow or manatee, which
is near twenty feet long, the head refembling that of a cow,
and two Ihort feet, with which it creeps on the (hallows and
rocks to get food; but has no fins: the flefh is commonly
eaten. Bailey.
LA1MINA. n.f [Lat.] Thin plate; one coat laid over anofher.
La'minated. adj. [from lamina.] Plated : ufed of fuch bo¬
dies whofe contexture difcovers fuch a difpofition as that of
plates lying over one another.
From the appofition of different coloured gravel arifes, for
the moft part, the laminated appearance of a ftone. Sharp.
To Lamm. v. a. To beat foundly with a cudgel. Di£l.
La'mmas. n.f [This word is faid by Bailey, I know not on
what authority, to be derived from a cuftom, by which the
tenants of the archbifhop of York were obliged, at the time
of mafs, on the firft of Auguft, to bring a lamb to the al¬
tar. In Scotland they are faid to wean lambs on this day.
It may elfe be corrupted from lattermath.] The firft of Auguft.
In 1578 was that famous lammas day, which buried the
reputation of Don John of Auftria. Bacon,
Lamp. n.f. [lampe, French; lampas, Latin.]
1. A light made with oil and a wick.
O thievilh night,
Why fhould’ft thou, but for fome felonious end.
In thy dark lanthorn thus clofe up the ftars
That nature hung in heaven, and fill’d their lamps
With everlafting oil, to give due light
To the milled and lonely traveller? Milton.
In tamp furnaces I ufed fpirit of wine inftead of oil, and
''with the fame flame has melted foliated gold. Boyle.
•2m Any kind of light, in poetical language, real or metaphoT'lCa|#
*Thy gentle eyes fend forth a quick’ning fpirit,
And feed the dying lamp of life within me, Rowt.
JJ • j j ',< . 1 ’1 , f ,k
Cynthia, fair regent of the night,
O may thy filver lamp from heaven’s high bow’r,
Diredt my footfteps in the midnight hour. Gay.
La'mpass. n.f. [lampas, French.] A lump of flefh, about the
bignefs of a hut; in the roof of a horfe’s mouth, which rifes
above the teeth. , Farrier's I)i£i.
His horfe pofleft with the glanders, troubled with the lampafs, infedled with the falhionS. Shakefpeare.
La'mpblack. n.f [lamp and black.] It Is nfiade by holding
a torch under the bottom of a bafon, and as it is furred ftrike
it with a feather into fome Ihell, and grind it with gum
water. Peacham on Drawing.
Lam'ping. adj. [Xxy.7relau'j.] Shining; fparkling.
Happy lines, on which with ftarry light
Thofe lamping eyes will deign fometimes to look. Spenfer.
LAMPOON, n.f [Bailey derives it from lampons, a drunken
fong. It imports, let us drink^ from the old French tamper,
and was repeated at the end of each couplet at caroufals.
Trev.J A perfonal fatire; abufe; cenfure written not to re¬
form but to vex.
They fay my talent is fatire; if fo, it is a fruitful age:
they have fown the dragon’s teeth themfelves, and it is but
juft they Ihould reap each other in lampoons. Dryden:
Make fatire a lampoon. Pope1
To Lampo'on. v. a. [from the noun.] To abufe with perfo¬
nal fatire.
Lampo'oner. n.f [from lampoon.] A fcribbler of perfonal
fatire.
We are naturally difpleafed with an unknown critick, as
the ladies are with a lampooner, becaufe we are bitten in the
dark. • Dryden's JEn.
The fquibs are thofe who are called libellers, lampooners,
and pamphleteers. Tatler, N°. 88.
La'mprey. n.f. [lamproye, French; lampreye, Dutch.]
Many filh much like the eel frequent both the fea and frelh
rivers; as, the lamprel, lamprey, and lamperne, Walton,
La'mpr’on. n.f. A kind of fea filh.
Thefe roexs are frequented by lamprons, and greater filhes,
that devour the bodies of the drowned. Notes on the Odyjfey.
LANCE, n.f [lance, French; lancea, Latin.] A long fpear,
which, in the heroick ages, feems to have been generally
thrown from the hand, as by the Indians at this day. In
later times the combatants thruft them againft each other 01?
horfeback.
He carried his lances which were ftrong, to give a lancely
blow. Sidneyr
Plate fin with gold.
And the ftrong lance of juftice hujtlefs breaks:
Arm it in rags, a pigmy’s ftraw doth pierce it. Shakef.
They fhall hold the bow and the lance. Jer. 1. 42.
To Lance, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To pierce; to cut.
In fell motion.
With his prepared fword he charges home
My unprovided body, lanc’d my arm. Shakefpeare.
In their cruel worlhip they lance themfelves with knives.
Glanville's Seep. c. 16.
Th’ infernal minifter advanc’d.
Seiz’d the due vidtim, and with fury lanc'd
Her back, and piercing through her inmoft heart,
Drew backward. Dryden's Theod. and Honoria.
2. To open chirurgically; to cut in order to a cure.
We do lance
Difeafes in our bodies. Shakef. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Fell forrow’s tooth doth never rankle more
Than when it bites, but lanceth not the fore. Shakef
That differs as far from our ufual feverities, as the lancings
of a phyfician do from the wounds of an advsrfary. D. ofPi.
Lance the fore,
And cut the head ; for till the core is found
The fecret vice is fed. Dryden's Georg. I, 691,
The Ihepherd (lands,
And when the lancing knife requires his hands, L
Vain help, with idle pray’rs, from heav’n demands. Dry. >
La Ncely. adj. [from lance.] Suitable to a lance. Not in ufe.
He carried his lances, which were ftrong, to give a lancely
, blow' , , Sidney, b. ii.
Lancepe SADE. n. fi [lance fpezzate, French.] The offictr
under the corporal i not now in ule among us*
To th’ Indies of her arm he flies.
Fraught both with eaft and weftern prize.
Which, when he had in vain effay’d,
Arm’d like a dapper lancepefade
' With Spanilh pike, he broach’d a pore* Cleaveland.
Lancet, n.f [luncette, French.] A (mail pointed chiiurgical
inftrument.
I gave vent to it by an apertion with a lancet, and diftharged white matter. Wifeman's Surgery.
It differeth from a vein, which in an apparent blue run¬
neth along the body, and if dexteroufly pricked with a lancet
fimtteth a red drop. Brown's Pulgar Brrors. b. lii.
Hippocrates faith, blood-letting Ihould be done wjth broad
lamyts
LAN LAN
lancets or fwords, in order to make a large orifice : the man¬
ner of opening a vein then was by ftabbing or pertufion, as
in horfes. Arbuthnot on ancient Coins.
To Lanch. v. a. [lancer, French. This word is too often
written launch : it is only a vocal corruption of lance.] To
dart ; to caft as a lance ; to throw ; to let fly.
See whofe arm can lanch the furer bolt,
And who’s the better Jove. Dryd. andLee's Qedipus,
Me, only me, the hand of fortune bore,
Unbleft to tread that interdidled fhore :
When Jove tremendous in the fable deeps,
Launch'd his red light’ning at our flatter’d fhips. Pope'.
Lancina'tion. n. f [from lancino, Latin.] Tearing; la¬
ceration.
To LaNcinate. v. a. [lancino, Latin.] To tear; to rend;
to lacerate.
LAND. n.f [lant>, Gothick, Saxon, and fo all the Teutohick dialers.]
1. A country; a region ; diflincf from other countries.
All the nations of Scythia, like a mountain flood, did
overflow all Spain, and quite drowned and wafhed away
whatfoever rel'iques there were left of the latid-bred people.
Spenfer's State of Ireland,
Thy ambition.
Thou fcarlet fin; robb’d this bewailing land
Of noble Buckingham. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
What had he done to make him fly the land? Shakef
The chief men of the land had great authority; though
the government was monarchical, it was not defpotick.
Broome's Notes on the Qdyffey.
2. Earth; diftinift from water.
The princes delighting their conceits with confirming their
knowledge, feeing wherein the fea-difeipline differed from
the land-fervice, they had pleafing entertainment. Sidney.
He to-night hath boarded a land-carrack;
If it prove lawful prize, he’s made for ever. Sbakefpeare.
By land they found that huge and mighty country. Abbot.
With eleven thoufand land-joldiers, and twenty-fix fhips of
war, we within two months have won one town. Bacon.
Neceinty makes men ingenious and hardy; and if they
have but land-room or fea-room, they find fupplies for their
hunger. Hale's Origin ofMankind,
Yet, if thou go’ft by land, tho’ grief poflefs
My foul ev’n then, my fears would be the lefs :
But ah ! be warn’d to fhun the wat’ry way. Dryden,
They turn their heads to fea, their fterns to land,
And greet with greedy joy th’ Italian ftrand, Dryden.
I writ not always in the proper terms of navigation, or
land-fervice. Dryden s Mneis.
The French are to pay the fame duties at the dry ports
through which they pafs by land-carriage, as we pay upon
importation or exportation by fea. Add. Freeholder.
The Phoenicians carried on a land-trade to Syria and
Mefopotamia, and ftopt not fhort, without pufhing their
trade to the Indies. Arbuthnot on Coins.
The fpecies brought by land-carriage were much better
than thofe which came to Egypt by fea. Arbuthnot,
3. Ground ; furface of the place. Unufual.
Beneath his fteely cafque he felt the blow.
And roll’d, with limbs Relax’d, along the land. Pope.
4. An eftate real and immoveable.
To forfeit all your goods, lands, and tenements,
Caftles, and goods whatfoever, and to be
Out of the king’s protection. Shakef. Henry VIII.
He kept himfelf within the bounds of loyalty, and enjoy¬
ed certain lands and towns in the borders of Polonia. Knolles,
This man is freed from fervile hands.
Of hope to rife, or fear to fall:
Lord of himfelf, though not of lands,
And having nothing, yet hath all. JVotton.
5. Nation; people.
Thefe anfwers in the filent night receiv’d.
The king himfelf divulg’d, the land believ’d. Dryden.
6. Urine. [j?lont>, Saxon.] As
Probably this was .a coarfe expreffion in the cant ftrain,
formerly in common ufl, but fince laid afide and forgotten,
which meant the taking away a man’s life. For land or lant
is ah old word for urine, and to ftop the common paffages
and functions of nature is to kill. Hanmer.
You are abufed, and by fome putter on,
That will be damn’d for’t; would I knew the Villain,
I would land-damn him. Shakef Winter Tale,
To Land, v. a. [from the noun.] To fet on fhore.
You fhall hear
The fegions, now in Gallia, fooner landed
In our not fearing Britain. Shakef Cymbeline.
I told him of the army that was landed;
He laughed at it, Sbakefpeare's King Lear,
He who rules the raging wind.
To thee, O facred fhip, be kind,
Thy committed pledge reftore,
And land him fafely on the* fhore. Dryden's Horace,
t i • > ^ ,
;i Another Typhls fhall new Teas explore,
Another Argo, land the chiefs upon th’ Iberian fhore. Dry.
To Land. v. n. To come to. ihore.
Let him land,
And folemnly fee him fet qn to London. Shakef Hen. V.
Land ye not, none of you, and provide to be gone from
this coaft within fixteen days. Bacon s Dew Atlantis.
I land, with lucklefs omens; then adore
Their gods. Dryden's flineis.
Land-forces, k. f [land and force.] Warlike powers not
naval; foldiers that ferve on land.
We behold in France the greateft land-forces that have ever
been known under any chriftian prince. Temple.
Lan'ded. adj. [from land.J Having a fortune, not in money
but in land.
A landlefs knight makes thee a landed fquire. Shakef.
Men, whofe living lieth together in one fhire, are com¬
monly counted greater landed than thofe whofe livings are
difperfed. Bacon's Collection of Good and Evil.
Cromwell’s officers, who were for levelling lands while
they had none, when they grew landed fell to crying up
magna charta. Temple.
A houfe of commons muff confift, for the moff part, of
landed men. Addifbn's Freeholder, N°. 20.
La'ndfall. n.f [land and fall.] A fuddeli tranflation of pro¬
perty in land by the death of a rich man.
Land'flood. n.f [land and flood.] Inundation.
Apprehenfions of the affections of Kent, and all other
places, looked like a landjiood, that might roll they knew
not how far. Clarendon,
Landholder, n.f. [land and holder.] One whofe fortune is
in land.
Money, as neceflary to trade, may be confidered as in his
hands that pays the labourer and landholder ; and if this man
want money, the manufacture is not made, and fo the trade
_ is , , Locke.
La'ndjobber. n.f. [latid and job.] One who buys and fells
lands for other men.
If your matter be a minifter of ftate, let him be at horhg
to none but his land-jobbers, or his inventor of new funds:
Swift's Directions to the Steward'.
La'ndgrave. n.f. [land and grave, a count, German.] A
German title of dominion.
LaNdING. 1 rrr , , „
LaNimng-place. [fomW] The top of flairs.
Let the flairs to the upper rooms be upon a fair, open
newel, and a fair landing-place at the top. Bacon.
_ The landing-place is the uppermoft ftep of a pair of flairs,
viz. the floor of the room you afeend upon. Moxon.
There is a ftair-cafe that ftrangers are generally carried
to fee, where the eafinefs of the afeent, the difpofition of
the lights, and the convenient landing, are admirably well
contrived. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
What the Romans called veftibulum was no part of the
houfe, but the court and landing-place between it and the
fireet- Arbythnot on Coins,
La'ndlady. n.f. [land and lady.]
1. A woman who has tenants holding from her.
2. The miftrefs of an inn.
If a foldier drinks his pint, and offers payment ih Wood’s
halfpence, the landlady may be under fome difficulty. Swift.
La'ndless. [from land,] Without property; without fortune.
Young Fortinbras;
Of unimproved mettle, hot an4 full.
Hath in the fkirts of Norway, here and there.
Shark’d up a lift of landlefs refolutes. Shakef Hamlet.
A landlefs knight hath made a landed fquire. Shakef.
LaNdlocked. adj. [land and lock.] Shut ip; or inclofed with
land.
There are few natural parts better landlocked, and clofed
on all Tides, than this feems to have been’. Addif. on Italy.
LaNdloper. n.f. [land and loopen, Dutch.] A landman; a
term of reproach ufed by Teamen of thofe who pafs their
lives on ihore.
LaNdlord. n.f [land arid lord]
1. One who owns land or houfes, and has tenants under him.
This regard fhall be had, that in no place, under any
landlord, there fhall be many of them placed together,
but difperfed. Spenfer's State ofIreland.
The univerfal landlord. Shakef. Ant. and Cleopatra,
It is a generous pleafure in a landlord, to love to fee all his
tenants look fat, fleek, and contented. Clarifja.
2. The mafter of an inn.
Upon our arrival at the inn, my companion fetched out
the jolly landlord, who knew him by his whiffle.. Addifon.
La'ndmark. n.f [land and mark.] Any thing let up to preferve the bbuiidaries of lands.
I’ th’ midft, an altar, as the land-mark, flood,
Ruftick, of grafly fofi. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xi. /. 432.
^ Then land-marks limited to each his Right;
For all before was common as the light. Dryden.
Though they are not felf-evident principles, yet if they
havs
LAN
hftve been made out from them by a wary and unqueftionable deduction, they may ferve as land-marks, to (hew what
lies in the direcSb way of truth, or is quite beiides it. Locke.
Landscape, n.f. [landfchape, Dutch.]
1. A region; the profpect of a country.
Lovely feem’d
That landfchape ! and of pure, now purer air.
Meets his approach. Milton's Par. Lojl, h. iv. 1. 153.
He fcarce uprifen,
Shot parallel to th’ earth his dewy ray,
Difcov’ring in wide landfcape all the eaft
Of paradife, and Eden’s happy plains. Milton.
Straight mine eye hath caught new pleafures,
Whilft the landfcape round it meafures,
Ruflet lawns and fallows grey.
Where the nibbling flocks do Array. Milton.
We are like men entertained with the view of a fpacious
landfcape, where the eye pafies over one pleafing profpect into
another. Addifon.
2. A picture, reprefenting an extent of fpace, with the various
objects in it.
As good a poet as you are, you cannot make finer landfcapei than thofe about the king’s houfe. Add. Guard.
Oft in her glafs the muling Ihepherd fpies
The wat’ry landfcape of the pendant woods.
And abfent trees, that tremble in the floods. Pope.
Land-tax. n.f. [land and tax.'] Tax laid upon land and
houfes.
If mortgages were regiftered, land-taxes might reach the
lender to pay his proportion. Locke.
Land-waiter, n.f. [land and waiter.]. An officer of the
cuflroms, who is to watch what goods are landed.
Give a guinea to a knavilh land-waiter, and he fliall con¬
nive at the merchant for cheating the queen of an hun¬
dred. Swift's Examiner, N°. 27.
La'ndward. adv. [from land.] Towards the land.
They are invincible by reafon of the overpouring moun¬
tains that back the one, and flender fortification of the other
to landward. Sandys's Journey.
Lane. n.f. [,laen, Dutch; lana, Saxon.]
1. A narrow way between hedges.
All flying
Through a flraight lane, the enemy full-hearted
Struck down fome mortally. Shakef. Cymbeline.
I know each lane, and every alley green,
Dingle or bulhy dell, of this wild wood,
And every bolky bourn. Milton.
Through a clofe lane as I purfu’d my journey. Otway.
A pack-horfe is driven conftantly in a narrow lane and dir¬
ty road. Locke.
2. A narrow Hreet; an alley.
There is no flreet, not many lanes, where there does not
live one that has relation to the church. Sprat's Sermons.
3. A paflage between men Handing on each fide.
The earl’s fervants flood ranged on both Aides, and made
the king a lane. Bacon's Henry VII.
La'neret. n.f. A little hawk.
Language, n.f. [language, French; lingua, Latin.]
1. Human Apeech.
We may define language, if we confider it more materially,
to be letters, forming and producing words and fentences ;
but if we confider it according to the defign thereof, then
language is apt figns for communication of thoughts. Holder.
2. The tongue of one nation as diftinct from others.
O ! good my lord, no Latin ;
I am not fuch a truant fince my coming.
As not to know the language I have liv’d in. Shakef.
He not from Rome alone, but Greece,
Like Jafon, brought the golden fleece ;
To him that language, though to none
Of th’ others, as his own was known. Denham.
3. Stile ; manner of expreffion.
Though his language fhould not be refin’d.
It mufl: not be obfcure and impudent. Rofcommon.
Others for language all their care exprefs,
And value books, as women, men, for drefs:
Their praife is Hill — the flile is excellent;
The fenfe, they humbly take upon content. Pope.
La'nguaged. adj. [from the noun.]
Having various languages,
He wand’ring long a wider circle made.
And many languag'd nations has furvey’d. Pope.
La'nguage-master, n.f. [language and maflcr.] One whole
profeflion is to teacli languages.
The third is a fort of language-mafler, who is to inftruct
them in the ffile proper for a minifter. Spectator, N®. 305.
La'nguet. n.f. [languette, French.] Any thing cut in the
form of a tongue.
LANGUID, adj. [languidus, Latin.]
f. Faint; weak; feeble.
Whatever renders the motion of the blood languid, difLAN
pofeth to an acid acrimony; what accelerates the motion of
the blood, difpofeth to an alkaline acrimony. Arbuthnot.
No Apace can be affigned Ao vaft, but Hill a larger may be
imagined ; no motion To Awift or languid, but a greater ve¬
locity or AowneAs may Hill be conceived. Bentley's Serrn.
2. Dull; heartlels.
I’ll haften to my troops.
And fire their languid fouls with Cato’s virtue. Addifon.
Languidly, adv. [from languid.] Weekly; feebly.
The menfiruum work’d as languidly upon the coral, as it
did before they were put into the receiver. Boyle.
Lan'guidness. 72. f. [from languid.] Weaknefs ; feeblenefs ;
want of flxength.
To Languish, v. n. [languir, French; langueo, Latin.]
1. To grow feeble ; to pine away; to lofe Arength.
Let her languijh
A drop of blood a-day; and, being aged,
Die of this folly. Sbakefpeare's Cymbeline.
We and our fathers do languif) of Auch dileafes. 2 Efdr.
What can we expedt, but that her languijhings fhould end
in death. Decay ofPiety.
His Aorrows bore him off; and fbftly laid
His languifh'd limbs upon his homely bed. Dryden’s /En.
2. To be no longer vigorous in motion; not to be vivid in ap¬
pearance.
The troops with hate infpir’d,
Their darts with clamour at a diftance drive,
And only keep the languijh'd war alive. Drydens JEn%
3. 1 0 fink or pine under forrow, or any flow pafllon.
What man who knows
What woman is, yea, what file cannot chufe
But mufl: be, will his free hours languijh out
For allur'd bondage. Sbakefpeare's Cymbeline.
The land Ahall mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein
languijh. Hof. iv. 3.
I have been talking with a Auitor here,
A man that languifhcs in your difpleafure. Shakef. Othello.
I was about fifteen when I took the liberty to chufe for
myfelf, and have ever fince languifhed under the difpleafure
of an inexorable father. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 181.
Let Leonora confider, that, at the very time in which fhe
languifhes for the lofs of her deceafed lover, there are perfons
juft perilling in a fhipwreck. Addifon's Speft. N°. 163.
4. To look with foftnels or tendernefs.
What poems think you foft, and to be read
With languijhing regards, and bending head ? Dryden.
La'nguish. n.f [from the verb.] Soft appearance.
And the blue languijh of foft Allia’s eye. Pope.
Then forth he walks.
Beneath the trembling languijh of her beam,
With foften’d foul. <Tho?nfon's Spring, /. 1035,
La'nguishingly. adv. [from languifnng.]
1. Weakly; feebly; with feeble foftnefs.
Leave fuch to tune their own dull rhimes, and know
What’s roundly fmooth, or languijhingly flow. Pope.
2. Dully; tedioufly.
Alas ! my Dorus, thou feeft how long and languijhingly the
weeks are paft over fince our laft talking. Sidney.
La'nguishment. n.f. [languiffetnment, French ; from languijh.]
1. State of pining.
By that count, which lovers books invent.
The fphere of Cupid forty years contains ;
Which I have wafted in long languijhment,
That feem’d the longer for my greater pains. Spenfer.
2. Softnefs of mein. »
Humility it exprefles, by the Hooping or bending of the
head ; languijhment, when we hang it on one fide. ^Dryden.
La'nguor. n.f. [languor, Latin; longueur, French.] Languor
and laffitude fignifies a faintnefs, which may arife from want
or decay of fpirits, through indigefiion, or too much exercife; or from an additional weight of fluids, from a diminu¬
tion of fecretion by the common difeharges. Journey.
Well hoped 1, and fair beginnings had.
That he my captive languor fhould redeem. Spenf Fa. §>.
For thefe, thefe tribunes, in the duH I write * *
My heart’s deep languor, and my foul’s Aad tears. Shakef.
Academical deputation gives vigour and brilkneAs to the
mind thus exercifed, and relieves the languor of private Hudy
and meditation. IVatts's Improvement of the Mind.
To lfles of fragrance, lily-filver’d vales
/ Diffufing languor in the panting gales. Dunciad.
La'nguorous. adj. [languoreux, Fr.] Tedious; melancholy.*
Dear lady, how fhall I declare thy cafe,
Whom late I left in languorous conftraint. Spenf. Fa. fju.
To La'niate. v. a. [lanio, Latin.] To tear in pieces; to
rend ; to lacerate.
La'nifice. n.J. [lanificium, Latin.] Woollen manufacture.
The moth breedeth upon cloth and other lanifices, efpecially if they be laid up dankifh and wet. ’Bacon.
La'nigerous. adj. [laniger, Latin.] Bearing wool.
LANK.
LAP LAP
LANK, adj. [.lancke, Dutth.]
1. Loofe ; iiot filled up ; not ftiftened out; not fat; not plump;
flender.
The commons haft thou rack’d ; the clergy’s bags
Are lank and lean with thy extortions. Shakefpeare.
Name not Winterface, whole Ikin’s Hack,
Lank, as an unthrift’s purfe. _ Donne.
We let down into the receiver a great bladder well tied
at the neck, but very lank, as hot containing above a pint
of air, but capable of containing ten times as much. Boyle.
Moift earth produces corn and grafs, but both
Too rank and too luxuriant in their growth.
Let not my land fo large a promife boaft,
Left the lank ears in length of ftem be loft. Dryden.
Now, now my bearded harveft gilds the plain.
Thus dreams the wretch, and vainly thus dreams on,
Till his lank purfe declares his money gone. Dryden.
Meagre and lank with falling grown,
And nothing left but /kin and bone ;
They juft keep life and foul together. Swift.
2. Milton feems to ufe this word for faint; languid.
He, piteous of her woes, rear’d her lank head,
And gave her to his daughters to imbathe
In neCtar’d lavers ftrew’d with afphodil. Milton.
La'nkness. n. f. [from lank.] Want of plumpneft.
vLa'nner. n.f. [tinier, Fr. lannarius, Lat.] A fpecies of hawk,
LaTsquenet. n.f. [lance and kuecht, Dutch.]
j. A common foot-foldier.
2. A game at cards.
La'n'TERN. n.f. [lanterne, French; laterna, Latin: it is by
miftake often written lan.horn.] A transparent cafe for a
candle.
God Ihall be my hope,
My ftay, my guide, my lanthorn to my feet. Shakef.
Thou art our admiral; thou beared: the lanthorn in the
poop, but ’tis in the nofe of thee; thou art the knight of
the burning lamp. Shakef Henry IV. p. i.
A candle lafteth longer in a lanthorn than at large. Bacon.
Amongft the excellent abls of that king, one hath the pre¬
eminence, the eredtion and inftitution of a fociety, which we
call Solomon’s houfe; the nobleft foundation that ever was,
and the lanthorn of this kingdom. Bacon s Atlantis,
O thievilh night,
Why fhouldft thou, but for fome felonious end,
In thy dark lanthorn thus clofe up the ftars.
That nature hung in heav’n, and fill’d their lamps
With everlafting oil, to give due light
To the milled and lonely traveller. Milton.
Vice is like a dark lanthorn, which turns its bright fide
only to him that bears it, but looks black and difmal in an¬
other’s hand. Govern. Dong.
Judge what a ridiculous thing it were, that the continued
fhadow of the earth ftiould be broken by fudden miraculous
eruptions of light, to prevent the art of the lantern-maker.
More's Divine Dialogues.
There are at Paris, Madrid, Lilbon, Rome, great hofpitals, in the walls of which are placed machines in the fhape
of large tinthorns, with a little door in the fide of them. Addif,
Our ideas fucceed one another in our minds, not much
unlike the images in the infide of a lanthorn, turned round
by the heat of a candle. Locke.
2. A lighthoufe; a light hung out to guide Ihips.
Caprea, where the lanthorn fix’d on high .
Shines like a moon through the benighted Sky,
While by its beams the wary failor fleers. Addifon.
La'ntern jaws. A term ufed of a thin vifage, fuch as if a
candle were burning in the mouth might tranfmit the light.
Being very lucky in a pair of long lanthorn-jaws, he wrung
his face into a hideous grimace. Addifon's Spefi. N°. 17 3.
La'NUGINOus, adj. [lanuginofus, Latin.] Downy; covered
with foft hair.
Lap. n.f [laeppe, Saxon ; lappe, German.]
1. The loofe part cf a garment, which may be doubled at
pleafure.
If a joint of meat falls bn the ground, take it up gently,
wipe it with the lap of your coat, and then put it into the
<hfh. Swift's Directions to a Footman.
2. The part of the cloaths that is fpread horizontally over the
Knees as one fits down, fo as any thing may lie in it.
It feeds each living plant with liquid fap,
And fills with flowers fair Flora’s painted lap. Spenfer.
Upon a day, as love lay fweetly flumb’ring
All in his mothers lap,
A gentle bee, with his loud trumpet murm’ring.
About him flew by hap. Spenfer.
I’ll make my haven in a lady’r lap,
And ’witch lweet ladies with my words and looks. Shakef
She bids you
All on the wanton nifties lay you down,
And reft your gentle head upbn her lap,
And /he will fing the long that pleafeth you. Shakef.
Let us rear
The higher our opinion, that our ftirring
Can from the lap of Egypt’s widow pluck
1’he ne’er-luft-wearied Antony. Shakef. Ant, and despaira.
Heav’h’s almighty fire
Melts on the bofom of his love, and pours
Himfelf into her lap in fruitful jfhow’rs. Crafoavj.
Men expedt that religion ftiould coft them no pains, and
that happinefs ftiould drop into tlleir laps. TUlotjon.
He ftruggles into breath, and cries for aid ;
Then, helplefs, in his mother’s lap is laid.
He creeps, he walks, and ifluing into man.
Grudges their life from whence his own began :
Retchlels of laws, aftedls to rule alone.
Anxious to reign, and reftlefs on the throne. Dryden.
To Lap. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To wrap or twift round any thing,
He hath a long tail, which, as he delcends from a tree,
he laps round about the boughs, to keep himfelf from fall¬
ing- Grew's Mujcum,
About the paper, whofe two halves were painted with red
and blue, and which was ftiff* like thin pafteboard, I lapped
leveral times a flender thread of very black filk. Newton.
2. To involve in any thing.
As through the flow’ring foreft rafli ftie fled,
In her rude hairs fweet flowers themfelves did lap.
And flouriftiing frefti leaves and blofloms did enwrap. Spenf.
The thane of Cawder ’gan a difmal conflidl,
Till that Bellona’s bridegroom, lapt in proof,
Confronted him. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
When we both lay in the field.
Frozen almoft to death, how he did lap me,
Ev’n in his garments, and did give himfelf.
All thin and naked, to the numb cold night. Shakefpeare.
Ever againft eating cares.
Lap me in foft Lydian airs. Milton.
Indulgent fortune does her care employ,
And finding, broods upon the naked boy;
Her garment fpreads, and laps him in the folds.
And covers with Her wings from nightly colds. Dryden.
Here was the repofitory of all the wife contentions for
power between the nobles and commons, lapt up fafely in
the bofom of a Nero and a Caligula. Swift.
To Lap. v. n. To be fpread or twifted over any thing.
The upper wings are opacous; at their hinder ends, where
they lap over, tranfparent, like the wing of a fly. Grew.
To Lap. v.n. [lappian, Saxon; lappen, Dutch.] To feed by
quick reciprocations of the tongue.
The dogs by the river Nilus’fide being thirfty, tip baftily
as they run along the ftiore. Digby on bodies.
They had foups ferved up in broad difhes, and fo the fox
fell to lapping himfelf, and bade his gueft heartily Wel¬
come. L'Efrange. Fab. 31.
The tongue ferves not only for tailing, but-Jbr# maftication and deglutition, in man, by licking; in the dog and cat
kind, by lapping. Ray on Creation.
To Lap. v. a. To lick up.
For all the reft
They’ll take fuggeftion, as a cat laps milk. Shakefpeare.
Upon a bull
Two horrid lyons rampt, and feis’d, and tugg’d Off*, bel¬
lowing ftill,
Both men and dogs Came; yet they tore the hide, and
lapt their fill. Chapman's Iliad, b. xviii.
La'pdog. n.f. [lap and dog.] A little dog, fondled by ladies
in the lap.
One of them made his court to the lap-dog, to improve
his interefl with the lady. Collier.
Thefe if the laws did that exchange afford.
Would fave their lap-dog fooner than their lord. Dryden.
Lap-dogs give themfelves the rowfirig fhake,
And fleeplefs lovers juft at twelve awake. Pope.
La'pful. n. f. [lap and full.'] As much as can be Contained
In the lap’.
One found a wild vine, ahd gathered thereof wild goards
his lapfu', and fhred them ilito the pot of pottage. 2 Kings.
Will four per cent, increafe the number of lenders ? if it
will not, then all the plenty of money thefe conjurers beftow
upon us, is but like the gold and filver which old women be¬
lieve other conjurers beftow by whole tipfulis on poor cre¬
dulous girls. _ . _ Locke.
La'picide. n. f. [lapicida, Latin.] A ftonecutter. Didt.
La'pidary. n.f. [lapidaire, Fr.] One who deals in ftones or
gems.
As a cock was turning up a dunghil, he efpied a diamond :
well (fays he) this fparkling foolery now to a lapidary would
have been the making of him ; but, as to any ufe of mine,
a barley-corn had been worth forty on’t. L'FJlrange.
Of all the many forts of the gem kind reckoned up by the
lapidaries, there are not above three or four that are oriWoodward's Nat. Hifl.
15 C To
LAP L A R
To La'pidatS. to. a. [laptdo, Latin.] To Hone; to kill by
Honing Ditt:
Lapidaction, n.f. [lapidatio, Lat. lapidaiion, Fr.] A Honing.
Lapi'deous. adj. [lapideus, Latin.] Stony; of the nature of
Hone.
There might fall down into the lapideous matter,, before it
Was concreted into a Hone, fome fmall toad, which might
remain there imprifoned, till the matter about it were condenfed. Ray on Creation.
Lapide'scence. n.f. [lapidefco, Latin.] Stony concretion.
Of lapis ceratites, or cornu foffile, in fubterraneous cavi¬
ties, there are many to be found in Germany, which are
but the lapidefcencies, and putrefactive mutations, of hard
bodies. Brown's Vulgar Errors, b. iii. c. 22.
Lapide'scEnt. adj. [lapidefcens, Latin.] Growing or turning
to Hone.
Lapidifica'tion. [lapldification, French.] The a£t of form¬
ing Hones.
Induration or lapldification of fubflances more foft, is an¬
other degree of condenfation. Bacon's Natural Hfiory.
Lapidi'fick. adj. [lapidfique, French.] Forming Hones.
The atoms of the lapidfick, as well as faline principle, being regular, do concur in producing regular Hones. Grew.
La'pidist. n.f. [from lapides, Latin.] A dealer in Hones or
gems.
Hardnefs, wherein fome Hones exceed all other bodies,
being exalted to that degree, that art in vain endeavours to
counterfeit it, the factitious Hores of chemiHs in imitation
being eafily detected by an ordinary lapidijl. Ray on Creation.
LA'PIS. n. f. [Latin.] A Hone.
La'pis Lazuli.
The lapis lazuli, or azure Hone, is a copper ore, very
compaCt and hard, fo as to take a high polifli, and is work¬
ed into a great variety of toys. It is found in detached
lumps, ufually of the fize of a man’s HH, of an elegant blue
colour, beautifully variegated with clouds of white, and veins
of a Aiming gold colour: that of Aha and Africa is much
fuperior to the Bohemian or German kind : it has been ufed
in medicine, but the prefent praCtice takes no notice of it:
to it the painters are indebted for their beautiful ultra-marine
colour, which is only a calcination of lapis lazuli. Hill.
La'pper. n.f. [from lap.]
1. One who wraps up.
They may be lappers of linen, and bailiffs of the ma¬
nor. Swift's Confideration on Two Bills.
2. One who laps or licks.
La'ppet. n. f. [diminutive of lap.] The parts of a head drefs
that hang loofe.
How naturally do you apply your hands to each other’s
lappets, and ruffles, and mantuas. Swift.
L-4PSE. n.f. [lapfus^ Latin.]
1. Flow; fall; glide.
Round I faw
Hill, dale, and fhady woods, and funny plains.
And liquid lapfe of murm’ring flreams. Milton.
Notions of the mind are preferved in the memory, notwithflanding lapfe of time. Hale's Original ofMankind.
2. Petty error; fmall miHake.
Thefe are petty errors and minor lapfes, not confiderably
injurious unto truth. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b.vi. c. 13.
The weaknefs of human underflanding all will confefs;
yet the confidence of mofi practically difowns it; and it is
eafier to perfuade them of it from others lapfes than their
own. Glanville's Seep. c. g.
This feripture may be ufefully applied as a caution to
guard againH thofe lapfes and failings, to which our infirmities
daily expofe us. Rogers's Sermon.
It hath been my conflant bufinefs to examine whether I
could find the fmallefl lapfe in Hile or propriety through my
whole collection, that I might fend it abroad as the moH
finifiied piece. Swift.
3. Tranflation of right from one to another.
In a prefentation to a vacant church, a layman ought to
prefent within four months, and a clergyman within fix,
otherwife a devolution, or lapfe of right, happens. Ayliffe.
To Lapse, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To glide flowly ; to fall by degrees.
This difpofition to fhorten our words, by retrenching the
vowels, is nothing elfe but a tendency to lapfe into the bar¬
barity of thofe northern nations from whom we are defeended, and whofe languages labour all under the fame de¬
fect. Swift's Letter to the Lord Treafurcr.
2. To fail in any thing; to Hip. i
I have ever narrified my friends,
Of whom he’s chief, with all the fize that verity
Would without lapfmg fuffer. ShakcJ. Coriolanus.
'Fo lapfe in fulnefs
Is forcr than to lie for need; and falAiood
Is worfe in kings than beggars. Shakef. Cymbeline.
3. To flip by inadvertency or miHake.
Homer, in his characters of Vulcan and Therfites, has
lapfed into the burlefque character, and departed from that
lcrious air efiential to an epick poem; Add. Spectator.
Let there be no wilful perve’rfion of another’s meaning;
no fudden feizure of a lapfed fyllable to play upon it. Jlertu.
3. To lofe the proper time,
Myfelf Hood out;
For which if I be 'lapfed in this place,
I Hia11 pay dear. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
As an appeal may be deferted by the appellant’s lapfmg
the term of latt/, fo it may alfo be deferted by a lapfe of the
term of a judge. Ayliffe's Parergon.
4. To fall by the negligence of one proprietor to another.
If the archbifhop fhall not fill it up within fix months enfuing, it lapfes to the king. Ayliffe's Parergon.
5. To fall from perfection, truth or faith.
Once more I will renew
His lapfed pow’rs, though forfeit, and inthrall’d
By fin to foul exorbitant defires. Milton's Paradije Lojl.
Indeed the charge feems defigned as an artifice of diverfion, a fprout of that fig-tree which was to hide the naked-,
nefs of lapfed Adam. Decay of Piety.
All publick forms fuppofe it the moH principal, univerfal,
and daily requifite to the lapfmg Hate of human corrup¬
tion. Decay of Piety.
Thefe were looked on as lapfed perfons, and great feverities of penance were preferibed them, as appears by the ca¬
nons of Ancyra. Stillingfleet's Difc. on Romifh Idolatry,
La'pwing. n.f. [lap and wing.] A clamorous bird with long
wings.
Ah ! but I think him better than I fay.
And yet would herein others eyes were worfe :
Far from her nefl the lapwing cries away;
My heart prays for him, though my tongue do curfe. Shah.
And how in fields the lapwing Tereus reigns,
The warbling nightingale in woods complains. Dryden.
La'pwork. n.f. [lap and work.] Work in which one part is
interchangeably wrapped over the other.
A bafket made of porcupine quills : the ground is a pack¬
thread caul woven, into which, by the Indian women, are
wrought, by a kind of lap-work, the quills of porcupines,
not fplit, but of the young ones intire; mixed with white
and black in even and indented waves. Grew’s Mufaum.
La'rboard. n.f
The left-hand fide of a Hup, when you Hand with your
face to the head. Harris.
Or when Ulyfles on the larboard flmnn’d
Charybdis, and by the other whirlpool Heer’d. Milton.
Tack to the larboard, and Hand off to fea.
Veer flarboard fea and land. Dryden.
La'rceny. n.f. [larein, Fr. latrocinium, Lat.] Petty theft.
Thofe laws would be very unjuH, that fliould chaflize
murder and petty larceny with the fame punifhment. Speltat.
Larch, n.f. [Larix.]
The leaves, which are long and narrow, are produced
out of little tubercles, in form of a painter’s pencil, as in
the cedar of Libanus, but fall off in winter; the cones are
fmall and oblong, and, for the moH part, have a fmall
branch growing out of the top; thefe are produced at re¬
mote diHances from the male flowers, on the fame tree :
the male flowers are, for the moH part, produced on the un¬
der fide of the branches, and, at their firH appearance, are
very like fmall cones. Miller.
Some botanical criticks tell us, the poets have not rightly
followed the traditions of antiquity, in metamorphofing the
fiflers of Phaeton into poplars, who ought to have been
turned into larch trees; for that it is this kind of tree which
Iheds a gum, and is commonly found on the banks of the
Po. Addifon on Italy.
LARD. n.f. [larclum, Latin; lard, French.]
1. The greafe of fwine.
So may thy paflures with their flow’ry feafls,
As fuddenly as lard, fat thy lean beafls. • Donne.
2. Bacon ; the flefli of fwine.
By this the boiling kettle had prepar’d,
And to the table fent the fmoaking lard\
On which v/ith eager appetite they dine,
A fav’ry bit, that ferv’d to relifii wine. Dryden's Ovid.
The facrifice they fped;
Chopp’d off their nervous thighs, and next prepar’d
T’ involve the lean in cauls, and mend with lard. Dryden.
To Lard. v. a. [larder, French; from the noun.]
1. To Huff with bacon.
The larded thighs on loaded altars laid. Dryd. Homer.
No man lards fait pork with orange peel,
Or garniflres his lamb with fpitch-cockt eel. Kinr.
2. To fatten. *"
Now Falflaff fweats to death,
And lards the lean earth as he walks along. Shakefp.
Brave foldier, doth he lie
Larding the plain. Shakefpeare's Henry V,
3. To mix with fomething elfe by way of improvement.
I found, Horatio,
. A royal knavery; an exaCt command,
Larded with many feveral forts of reafons. Shakef Hamlet-.
1 ' Let
L A R
Let no alien interpofe
To lard with wit thy hungry Eplom profe. Dryden.
He lards with flourifhes his long harangue,
’Tis fine, fayft thou. Dryd.
Swearing by heaven; the poets think this nothing, their
plays are lb much larded with it. Collier''s View of the Stage.
La'rder. n.f [lardier, old French ; from lard.J The room
where meat is kept or lalted.
This fimilitude is not borrowed of the larder houfe, but
out of the fchool houfe. Afchain's Schoolinajler.
Flefh is ill kept in a room that is not cool,; whereas in
a cool and wet larder it will keep longer. Bacon.
So have I feen in larder dark,
Of veal a lucid loin. Dorfet.
. °ld age>
Morofe, perverfe in humour, diffident
The more he kill abounds, the lefs content:
His larder and his kitchen too obferves.
And now, left he fhould want hereafter, ftarves. King.
La'rderer. [larder.] One who has the charge of the larder.
LA'RDON. n.f [French.] A bit of bacon.
LARGE, adj, [large, French; largus, Latin.]
1. Big; bulky.
Charles II. afked me, What could be the reafon, that in
mountainous countries the men were commonly larger, and
yet the cattle of all forts fmaller. Temple.
Great Theron fell,
Great Theron, large of limbs, of giant height. Dryden.
Warwick, Leicefter, and Buckingham, bear a large boned
Iheep of the beft fhape and deepeft ftaple. Mortimer's Hufb.
2. Wide; extenfive.
Their former large peopling was an effeft of the countries
impoverifhing. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for it is
large enough for them. Gen. xxxiv. 2r.
There he conquered a thoufand miles wide and large.
Abbot's Defcription of the IVorld.
3. Liberal; abundant; plentiful.
Thou fhalt drink of thy fifter’s cup deep and large. Ezck.
Vernal funs and fhowers
Diffufe their warmeft, largejl influence. Thomfons Autumn.
4. Copious ; diffufe.
Skippon gave a large teftimony under his hand, that they
had carried themfelves with great civility. Clarendon, b. viii.
I might be very large upon the importance and advan¬
tages of education, and fay a great many things which have
been faid before. Felton on the Clajficks.
5. At Large. Without reftraint.
If you divide a cane into two, and one fpeak at the one
end, and you lay your ear at the other, it will carry the voice
farther than jn the air at large. Bacon's Nat. Hiflory.
Thus incorporeal fpirits to fmalleft forms
Reduc’d their fhapes immenfe; and were at large.
Though without number ftill. Milton's Paradife Lofl.
The children are bred up in their father’s way; or fo
plentifully provided for, that they are left at large. Sprat.
Your zeal becomes importunate ;
I’ve hitherto permitted it to rave
And talk at large; but learn to keep it in.
Left it fhould take more freedom than I’ll give it. Addif.
6. At Large. Diffufely.
Difcover more at large what caufe that was.
For I am ignorant, and cannot guefs. Shakefp. Plenry VI.
It does not belong to this place to have that point debated
at large. JVatts.
La'rgely. adv. [from large.]
r. Widely; extensively.
2. Copioufly; diffufely.
Where the author treats more largely, it will explain the
fhorter hints and brief intimations. Watts's Imp. on the Mind.
3. Liberally; bounteoufly.
How he lives and eats :
How largely gives ; how fplendidly he treats. Dryden.
Thofe, who in warmer climes complain,
FrOm Phoebus’ rays they fuffer pain,
Muft own, that pain is largely paid
By gen’rous wines beneath the fhade. Swift.
4. Abundantly.
They their fill of love, and love’s difport
Took largely ; of their mutual guilt the feah Milton.
La'rgeness. n.f. [from large.]
1. Bignefs; bulk.
London excels any other city in the whole world* either
in largenefs, or number of inhabitants. Sprat's Sermons.
Nor muft Bumaftus, his old honburs lofe.
In length and largenefs like the dugs of cows. Dryden.
2. Greatnefs; elevation.
There will be occafion for largenefs of mind and agreeablenefs of temper. Collier of Friendjhip,
34 Extenfion ; amplitude.
They which would file away moft from the laigenefs of
that offer, do in more [paring terms acknowledge little
LL. Hooker, b. v. f. 27.
LAS
The ample proposition that hope makes
In all defigns begun on earth below,
I alls in the promifed largenefs. Shakefp. Troil. and Crf.
Knowing heft the largenefs of my own iieaii toward my
people’s good and juft contentment. Kin* Charles.
Shall grief contract the largenefs of that heart/
In which nor fear nor anger has a part ? Wa’ler
. Man as far tranfeends the beafts in largenefs of defire, 'as
dignity of nature and employment. 6’ Imvilie's Apology.
If the largenefs of a man’s heart carry him beyond pru¬
dence, we may reckon it illuftrious weaknefs. L’Ffiruntrt
4. Widenefs. 6
Suppoling that the multitude and largenefs of rivers ought
to continue as great as now; we can eaffly prove, that the
extent of the ocean could be no lefs. 'Bentleys Sermons.
La'rgess. n. f. [largeffe, Yx.] A prelent; a gift; a bounty.
Our coffers with too great a court,
And liberal largefs, are grown fomewhat light. Shakefp:
He left me; having afligned a value of about two thou¬
fand ducats, for a bounty to me and my fellows: for they
give great largeffes where they come. Bacon's New Atlantis.
A pardon to the captain, and a largefs
Among the foldiers, had appeas’d their fury. Denham?
1 he paltry largefs too feverely watch’d.
That no intruding guefts ufurp a fhare: Dryden's Juv.
I am enamoured of Irus, whole condition will not admit ol fuch largeffes. Addifon's Spectator.
r ad v r' [largitio, Lat.] The aft of giving. Didl.
fJf Llapej-iee, Saxon ; Urk, Danilh ; lavrack, Scottub.] A fmall ringing bird.
It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shakefpeare.
Look up a height, the fhrill-gorg’d lark fo far
Cannot be feen or heard. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
I h example of the heav’nly lark,
Thy fellow poet, Cowley, mark. Cowley.
Mark how the lark and linnet ling ;
With rival notes
They ftrain their warbling throats,
, To welcome in the fpring. Dryden.
Ea rker. n.f. [from lark:] A catcher of larks. JJikl
La'rkspur; n.f.
Its flower confifts of many diflimilar petals, with the uppermoft contrafted, which ends in a tail; and receives an¬
other bifid petal, which alfo ends in a tail; in the middle
rifes a pointal, which becomes a fruit of many pods collefted
into a head, and filled with feeds generally ano-ular. Miller
La'rvated. adj. [larvatus, Latin.] Mafked. ° Dift\
La'rum. n.f. from alarum ox alarm.]
1. Alarm; noife noting danger.
Utterers ©f fecrets he from thence debarr’d.
His larum bell might loud and wide be heard.
When caufe requir’d, but never out of time,
Early and late it rung* at evening and at prime. Fa. <Pii:
The peaking cornute her hufband dwelling in a continual
larum of jealoufy, comes to me in the inftant of our en¬
counter. _ Shakefpeare's Merry Wives ofWindfor.
How far off lie thefe armies ?
—Within a mile and half. r
—Then ftiall we hear their larum, and they ours. Shake/:
ohe is become formidable to all her neighbours, as ffie
puts every one to ftand upon his guard, and have a continual
larum bell in his ears. Howell's Vocal Foreth
2. An inftrument that makes a noife at a certain hour.
Of this nature was that larum, which, though it were
but three inches big; yet would both wake a man, and of
itfelf light a candle for him at any fet hour. Wilkins.
I fee men as lufty and ftrong that eat but two meals a
day, as others that have fet their ftomachs, like lafums to
call on them for four or five. Locke on Education.
The young /Eneas all at once let down*
Stunn’d with his giddy larum half the town. Dunciad
Lary'ngotomy. n.f [xdpvy£ and rfm; laryhgotomie, Fr.I
An operation where the fore-part of the larynx is divided
to aifift refpiration, during large tumours upon the upper
parts ; as in a quinfey. Quincy.
La'rynx. ti.f [Xxpvyf] The tipper part of the trachea, which
lies below the root of the tongue, before the pharynx: Quincy.
There are thirteen mufcles for the motion of'the five: car¬
tilages of the larynx. Derham Phyftco-Theolop-y
LasciVient. adj. [lafciviens, Lat.] Frolickfome wantoning*
Lascivious, adj. [lafeivus, Latin.] Leud ; luftful.
In what habit will you go along ?
—Not like a woman; for I would prevent
1 he loofe encounters of lafcivioiis men. Shakespeare.
He on Eve
Began to caft lafcivious eyes ; Die him
As wantonly repaid ; in juft they burn. Milton's Par. Lofl.
Notwithstanding all their talk of reafon and philofophy,
and thofe unanfwerable difficulties which, over their cups,
they pretend to have againft chriftianity ; perfuade bat the
covetous man not to deify his money, the lafcivious man to
throw off his leud amours, and all their giant-like objections
againft chriftianity lhall prefently vanil'h. South's Sermons.
2. Wanton;
LAS LAS
2.
4-
2i Wanton; foft; luxurious.
Grim vifaged war hath Tooth’d hii> wrinkl’d frbnt;
And now, inftead of mounting barbed deeds,
To fright the fouls of fearful adverfaries,
He capers nimbly in a lady’s chamber,
To the lafeivious pleaimg of a lute. Shakefp. Rich. lit.
Lasci'viousness. n.f. [from lafeivious.] Wantonnefs; loofenefs.
The reafon pretended by Aiiguftus was the lafcivioufnefs of
his elegies, and his art of love. Dryd. Preface to Ovid.
Lasciviously, adv. [from lafeivious.] Leudly j wantonly;
loolely.
LASH. n.f. [The moft probable Etymology of this word feems
to be that of Skinner, from fchlagen, Dutch; to ftrike;
whence fajh and lajh.]
1.A ftroke with any thing pliant and tough.
From hence are heard the groans of ghofts, the pains
Of founding lajhes, and of dragging chains. Dryden's Ain.
Rous’d by the lajh of his own ftubborn tail,
Our lion now will foreign foes affail. Dryden.
The thong or point of the whip which gives the cut or
blow.
Her whip of cricket’s bone, her lajh of film,
Her waggoner a fmall grey-coated gnat. Shakefpeare.
I obferved that your whip wanted a lajh to it. AddiJ. Sped}.
, A leafh, or firing in which an animal is held ; a fnare: out
of ufe.
The farmer they leave in the lajh,
With Ioffes on every fide. buffer’s Hujbandry.
A ftroke of fatire; a farcafm.
The moral is a lajh at the vanity of arrogating that to
ourfelves which fucceeds well. L’Ejlrange.
To Lash. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To ftrike with any thing pliant; to fcourge.
Lucagus to lajh his horfes bends,
Prone to the wheels. Dryden.
Lets whip thefe ftragglers o’er the Teas again,
Lajh hence thefe over-weening rags of France. Shakefp.
Let men out of their way lajh on ever fo faft, they are
not at all the nearer their journey’s end. South’s Serm.
He charg’d the flames, and thofe that difobey’d
He lajh’d to duty with his fword of light. Dryden.
And limping death, lajh’d on by fate,
Comes up to (horten half our date. Dryden’s Horace.
Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard.
We lajh the pupil, and defraud the ward. Dryden’s Perf
Leaning on his lance he mounts his car.
His fiery courfers lajhing through the air. Garth’s Ovid.
2. To move with a fudden fpring or jirk.
The club hung round his ears, and batter’d brows;
He falls ; and lajhing up his heels, his rider throws. Dryd.
3. To beat; to ftrike with a fharp found.
The winds grow high.
Impending tempefts charge the fky ;
The lightning flies, the thunder roars,
And big waves laflo the frighted (hoars. Prior.
4. To fcourge with fatire.
Could penfion’d Boileau lajh in honeft ftrain,
Flatt’rers and bigots ev’n in Louis’ reign. Pope’s Horace.
5. To tie any thing down to the fide or mail of a (hip.
To Lash. v. n. To ply the whip.
They lajh aloud, each other they provoke,
And lend their little fouls at every ftroke. Dryden’s Ain.
Gentle or (harp, according to thy choice.
To laugh at follies, or to lajh at vice. Dryden’s Perftus.
Wheels cla(h with wheels, and bar the narrow ftreet;
The lajhing whip refounds. Gay’s Trivia.
Lasher, n.f. [from lajh.] One that whips or ladies.
Lass. n.f. [from lad is formed laddefs, by contraction lafs.
Hickes.J A girl; a maid ; a young woman : ufed now only
of mean girls.
Now was the time for vig’rous lads to (how
What love or honour could invite them to ;
A goodly theatre, where rocks are round
With reverend age, and lovely laJJ'es crown’d. Waller.
A girl was worth forty of our widows; and an honeft,
downright, plain-dealing lafs it was. VEjlrange.
They fometimes an hafty kifs
Steal from unwary lajfes ; they with fcorn.
And neck reclin’d, refent. . Philips.
La'ssitude. n.f [lajfitudo, Latin; lajfitude, French.] Wearinefs ; fatigue.
Lajfitude is remedied by bathing, or anointing with oil and
warm water; for all lajfitude is a kind of contufion and compreffion of the parts ; and bathing and anointing give a re¬
laxation or emollition. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Afliduity in cogitation is more than our embodied fouls can
bear without lajfitude or aiftemper. Glanville, Seep. 14.
She lives and breeds in the air; for the largenefs and
Ji'rhtnefs of her wings and tail fuftain her without lajfitude.
Do not over-fatigue
More’s Antidote againjl Atheifm.
the fpirits, left the mind be feized
with a lajfitude, and thereby be tempted to nauleate, and
groW tired. Watts's Improvement of the Mind..
From mouth and nofe the briny torrent ran,
And loft in lajfitude lay all the man. Pope’s Odyjjey.
Lajfitude geherally expreffes that wearinefs which proceeds
from a diftempered ftate, and not from exercife, which
wants no remedy but reft : it proceeds from an increafe of
bulk, from a diminution of proper evacuation; or from too
great a confumption of the fluid neceftary to maintain the
fpring of the folids, as in fevers; or from a vitiated fecretioii
of that juice, whereby the fibres are not fupplied. Jfyiincy.
La'ssloRN. n.f [lafs and lorn.] Forfaken by his miftrefs.
Brown groves,
Whofe (hadow the difmiffed batchelor loves,
Being lafslorn: Shapefpeare’s Tempejl.
LAST. n.f. [latepr, Saxon; laetjle, Dutch.]
1. Lateft; that which follows all the reft in time.
I feel my end approach, and thus embrac’d,
Am pleas’d to die ; but hear me fpeak my lajl. Dryaem
Here, lajl of Britons; let your names be read ;
Are none, none living ? let me praife the dead. Pope*
Wit not alone has (hone on ages paft.
But lights the prefent, and (hall warm the lajl. Pope'.
2. Hindmoft ; which follows in order of place.
3. Beyond which there is no more.
Unhappy (lave, and pupil to a bell.
Unhappy to the lajl the kind releafing knell. Cowley*
The fwans, that on Cayfter often try’d
Their tuneful fongs, now fung their lajf and dy’d. Addif.
O ! may fam’d Brunfwick be the lajl,
The lajl, the happieft Britifh king,
Whom thou (halt paint, or I (hall fing. Addifon.
But, while I take my lajl adieu.
Heave thou no figh, nor (hed a tear. Prior.
4. Next before the prefent, as lajl week.
5. Utmoft.
Fools ambitioufly contend
For wit and pow’r; their lajl endeavours bend
T’ outfliine each other. Dryden’s Lucretius.
6. At Last. In conclufion ; at the end.
Gad, a troop (hall overcome him : but he (hall overcome
at the lajl. Gen. xlix. 19.
Thus weather-cocks, that for a while
Have turn’d about with ev’ry blaft.
Grown old, and deftitute of oil,
Ruft to a point, and fix at lajl. > Frcind.
j. The Last ; the end.
All politicians chew on wifdom paft.
And blunder on in bufinefs to the lajl. Pope.
Last. adv.
1. The laft time ; the time next before the prefent.
How long is’t now finetlajl yourfelf and 1
Were in a ma(k. Shakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
When lajl I dy’d, and, dear ! I die
As often as from thee I go,
I can remember yet that I
Something did fay, and fomething did beftow. Donne.
2. In conclufion.
Pleas’d with his idol, he commends, admires.
Adores ; and lajl^ the thing ador’d defires. Dryden.
To Last. v. n. [laeytan, Saxon.] To endure; to continue >
to perfevere.
All more lofting than beautiful. Sidney.
1 thought it agreeable to my affe&ion to your grace, to
prefix your name before the effays : for the Latin volume of
them, being in the univerfal language, may lajl is long rs
books lajl. Batin's EJJ'ays.
With feveral degrees of lajling, ideas are imprinted on the
memory. ' . * Locke.
Thefe are (landing marks of fails delivered by thofe who
were eye-witneffes to them, and which were contrived with
great wifdom to lajl till time (hould be no more. Addifon
Last. n.f. [liepr, Saxon.]
1. The mould on which (hoes are formed.
The cobler is not to go beyond his lajl. L’Ejlrange’s Fab.
A cobler produced feveral new grins, having been* ufed to
cut faces over his lajl. Addifon'l Spectator, N°. 174.
Should the big lajl extend the (hoe too wide,
Each (lone would wrench th’ unwary ftep afide. Gay.
2. [Last, German.] A load; a certain weight or meafure.
La'stery. n.f. A red colour.
The baihful blood her fnowy cheeks did fpread.
That her became as pohfh’d ivory,
Which cunning craftfman’s hand hath overlaid.
With fair vermilion, or pure lajlcry. Spenf. Fairy Queen.
Lasta'ge. n.f. [lejlage, French; lajlagis, Dutch; Sam-*
Saxon, a load.]
1. Cuftom paid for freightage.
2. The ballad of a fhip.
La'sting. participial adj. [from lajl.]
1. Continuing ; durable.
£ .'cry
L A T L A T
Kvcrv violence offered weakens and impairs, and renders
the body Jefs durable and lofting. Ray on Creation.
1. Of long continuance ; perpetual.
White parents may have black children, as negroes fomctimes have lajling white ones. Boyle on Colours.
The grateful work is done.
The feeds! of difeord fow’d, the war begun :
Frauds, fears and fury* have pellels’d the fiate,
And fix’d the caufcs of a lofting hate. Dryden s JEn.
A linew cracked feldom recovers its former ftrength; and
the memory of it leaves a lajling caution in the man, not to
put the part quickly again to any robuft employment. Lotkc.
La'stingly. adv. [from lajling.) Perpetually.
La'stingness. n.f [from lajling.) Durablenefs; continuance.
All more lafting than beautiful, but that the confideration
of the exceeding lajlingnefs made the eye believe it was ex¬
ceeding beautiful. Sidney.
Conlider the lajlingnefs of the motions excited in the bot¬
tom of the eye by light. Newton s Opticks.
La'stly. adv. [from lajl.J
j. In the laft place.
I w’ill juftify the quarrel; fecondly, balance the forces ;
and, lajlly, propound variety of defigns for choice, but not
advife the choice. Bacon s JVar with Spain.
2. In the conclufion; at laft.
LATCH, n.f. [letfe, Dutch; laccio, Italian.] A catch of a
door moved by a firing, or a handle.
The latch mov’d up. Gays Pajlorals.
Then comes rofy health from her cottage of thatch,
Where'never phyfician had lifted the latch. Smart.
To Latch, v. a. [from the noun.]
}. To fallen with a latch.
He had ftrength to reach his father’s houfe : the door was
only latched-, and, when he had the latch in his hand, he
turned about his head to fee his purfuer. Locke.
2.To faften; to clofe, perhaps in this place ; unlefs it rather
fio-nifies to wnjh from lather.
But haft thou yet latch'd the Athenian’s eyes
With the love juice, tfs*I did bid thee do ? Shakefp.
LaVches. n.f
Latches or lafkets, in a {hip, are fmall lines like loops, faftened by fewing into the bonnets and drablers of a {hip, in or¬
der to lace the bonnets to the courfes, or the drablers to
the bonnets. Harris.
La'tchet. n.f. placet, Ff»] The fixing that faftens the {hoe.
There cometh one mightier than I, the latchet of whofe
{hoes I am not worthy to unloofe. Mark i. 7.
LATE. adj. [laer, Saxon; laet, Dutch.]
L, Contrary to early; flow; tardy ; long delayed.
My halting days flie on with full career.
But my late fpring no bud nor blofi’om fheweth. Milton.
Juft w'as the vengeance, and to latejl days
Shall long pofterity refound thy praife. Pope's Odyjfey.
2. Laft in any place, office, or character.
All the difference between the late fervants, and thofe who
ftaid in the family, was, that thofe latter were finer gentle¬
men. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 107.
3. The deceafed ; as the works of the late Mr. Pope.
4. Far in the day or night.
Late. adv.
j'. After long delays; after a long time.
O boy ! thy father gave thee life too foon,
And hath bereft thee of thy life too late. Shakefp. H. VI.
Second Silvius after thefe appears,
Silvius Aeneas, for thy name he bears ;
For arms and juftice equally renown’d.
Who late reftor’d in Alba {hall be crown’d. Dryd. JEn.
He laughs at all the giddy turns of ftate,
When mortals fearch too foon, and fear too late. Dryden.
^ he later it is before any one comes to have thefe ideas, the
later alfo will it be before he comes to thofe maxims. Locke.
I might have fpar’d his life.
But now it is too late. Philips's Dijlrejl Mother.
2. In a latter feafon.
To make rofes, or other flowers, come late, is an experi¬
ment of- pleafure ; for the antients efteemed much of the
rofa fera. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
'I here be fome flowers which come more early, and others
which corrje more late, in the year. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
3. Lately ; not long ago.
They arrived in that pleafant ifle,
Where fleeping late, the left her other knight. Fairy FJu.
Men have of late made ufc of a pendulum, as a more
fteady regulator. Locke.
The goddefs with indulgent cares,
And focial joys, the late transform’d repairs. Pope's Oclyf.
From frefti paftures, and the dewy field.
The lowing herds return, and round them throng
With leaps arid bounds the late imprilbn’d young. Pope.
4. Far in the day or flight.
Was it fo late, friend, ere you went to bed,
1 hat you do lie fo late?
—Sir, we were carouiing till the fecond cock. Shakefp.
Late the nodturnal facrifice begun*
Nor ended, till the next returning fun., Dryden's JEn.
La'ted. adj. [from late.] Belated; lurprifed by the night.
I am fo lated ill the world, that I
Have loft my wav for ever. Shakcf. Ant. and Cleopatra:
The weft glimmers with fome ftreaks of day :
Now lpurs the lated traveller apace
To gain the timely inn. Shakefpeare's Macbeth:
La'tf.ly. adv. [from late.] Not long ago.
Paul found a certain Jew named Aquila, lately come from
Italy. Adis xviii. 1;
La'teness. n.f. [from late.) Time far advanced.
Latenejs in life might be improper to begin the world with.
Swift to Gaf.
La'tent. adj. [latcns, Latin.] Hidden; concealed; iecret.
If we look into its retired movements, and more fecret
latent fprings, we may there trace out a fteady hand pro¬
ducing good out of evil. IVoodward's Natural Hijlory.
Who drinks, alas ! but to forget; nor iecsif
That melancholy fioth, fevere difeafe,
Mem’ry confus’d, and interrupted thought^
Death’s harbingers lie latent in the draught. Prior:
What were Wood’s vifible cofts I know not,- and what
were his latent is varioufly conjediured. , Swift.
LA' I ERAL. adj. [lateral, French ; latera, Latin.]
1. Growing out on the fide ; belonging to the fide.
Why may they not fpread their lateral branches till their
diftance from the centre of gravity deprefs them. Ray.
The fmalleft veffels, which carry the blood by lateral
branches, feparate the next thinner fluid or ferum, the dia¬
meters of which lateral branches are lefs than the diameters
of the blood-veffels. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Placed, or adting in a direction perpendicular to a horizontal
line.
Forth rufh the levant, and the ponent winds
Eurus and Zephyr, with their lateral noife,
Sirocco and Libecchio. Milton's Paradife Lojfl, b. x.
Latera'lity. n. f [from lateral.) The quality of having
diftindt fides.
We may reafonably conclude a right and left laterality in
the ark, or naval edifice of Noah. Brown's Vulgar Errours,
Laterally, n.f. [from lateral.) By the fide; fide-wife.
The days are fet laterally againft the columns of the golden
number. Holder on Time.
La'teward. adv. [late and peayb, Saxon.] Somewhat late.
LATH. n.f. [latta, Saxon; late, latte, French.] A fmall long
piece of wood ufed to fupport the tiles of houfes.
With dagger of lath. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Penny-royal and orpin they ufe in the country to trim their
houfes ; binding it with a lath or flick, and fetting it againft
a wall. Bacon's Natural Hijlory, N '. 2g.
Laths are made of heart of oak, for outfide work, as tiling
and plaiftering; and of fir for infide plaiftering, and pantile
lathing. Moxon’s Mechanical Exercifes.
The god who frights away,
With his lath fword, the thieves and birds of prey. Dryd.
To Lath. v.a. [latter, Fr. from the noun.] To fit up with laths.
A fmall kiln confifts of an oaken frame, lathed on every
fide. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
The plaifterers work is commonly done by the yard fquare
for lathing. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
Lath. n.f [lse^, Saxon. It is explained by Du Cange, I
iuppofe from Spelman, Poriio comitatus major tres vel plures
hundredas continens: this is apparently contrary to Spenfer; in
the following example.] A part of a county.
If all that tything failed, then all that lath was charged
for that tything; and if the lath failed, then all that hun¬
dred was demanded for them; and if the hundred, then the
{hire, who would not reft till they had found that undutifui
fellow, which was not amefnable to law. Spenfer's Ireland.
The fee-farms referved upon charters granted to cities and
towns corporate, and the blanch rents and lath filver anfwered by the Iheriffs. Bacon's Office of Alienation.
Lathe, n. f. The tool of a turner, by which he turns about
his matter fo as to ftiape it by the chizel.
Thofe black circular lines we fee on turned veffels of
wood, are the effects of ignition, caufed by the preffure of an
edged ftick upon the veffel turned nimbly in the lathe: Ray.
To LA'THER. Vi in [lejjpan, Saxon.] To form a foartfi
Chufe water pure,
Such as will lather cold with foap. Baynard.
To La'ther. v. a. To cover with foam of water and foap. *
La'ther. n.f [from the verb.] A foam or frothe made com¬
monly by beating foap with water.
LA'TIN. adj. [Lathius,] Written or fpoken in the language
Of the old Romans.
Auguftus himfelf could not make a new Latin word. Locke.
La'tin. n.f. An exercife pradtifed by fchool-boys, who turn
Englilh into Latin:
In learning farther his fyntaxis, he fhall not ufc the com¬
mon order in fchools for making of Latiny Afcham.
*5 D La' TIN ISM.
L A T LAV
La iinism. [Latinifme, French ; latinifmhs, low Latin.] A
Latin idiom ; a mode of fpeech peculiar to the Latin.
Milton has made ufe of frequent traiifpofitions, Latinifms,
antiquated words and phrafes* that he might the better deviate from vulgar and ordinary exprelfions. Addifons Retm
Latinist, n.f. [from Latin.] One (killed in Latin.
Lati'nity. n.f [Latinite, French; latinitas, Latin.] Purity
of Latin ftile; the Latin tongue.
If Shakefpeare was able to read Plautus with eafe, nothing
in Latmity could be hard to him. Dennis's Letters.
To La'tiniZe. [Latinifer, French ; from Latin,] To ufe
Words or phrafes borrowed from the Latin.
I am liable to be charged that I latinize too much. Dryd.
He ufes coarfe and vulgar words, or terms and phrafes that
are latinized, fcholaftick, and hard to be underflood. Watts.
Latish. adj. [from late.] Somewhat late.
Latiro'stRous. adj. [latus and rojlrum, Lat.] Broad-beaked.
In quadrupeds, in regard of the figure of their heads the
eyes are placed at fome diflance ; in latirofrous and flat-billed
birds they are more laterally feated. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
La'titancy. n.f. [from latitans, Latin.] Delitefcence; the
ftate of lying hid.
In vipers fhe has abridged their malignity by their feceffion
- or latitancy. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 16.
La'titant. adj. [latitans, Latin.] Delitefcent; concealed;
lying hid.
This is evident in fnakes and Iizzards, latitant many
months in the year, which containing a weak heat in a co¬
pious humidity, do long fubfift without nutrition. Brown.
Force the fmall latitant bubbles of air to difclofe themfelves and break. Boyle.
It muff be fome other fubftance latitant in the fluid mat¬
ter, and really diftinguifhable from it. More.
Latita'tion. n.f. [from latito, Latin.] The ftate of lying
concealed.
La'titude. n.f. [latitude, French; latitude, Latin.]
1. Breadth; width; in bodies of unequal dimenfions the ftiorter
axis, in equal bodies the line drawn from right to left.
Whether the exadl quadrat, or the long fquare, be the
better, I And not well determined ; though I muft prefer the
latter, provided the length do not exceed the latitude above
one third part. f JVotton's Architecture.
2. Room; fpace; extent.
There is a difference of degrees in men's underftandings, to
fo great a latitude, that one may affirm, that there is a greater
difference between fome men and others, than between fome
men and beafts. Locke.
3. The extent of the earth or heavens, reckoned from the
equator to either pole.
4. A particular degree, reckoned from the equator.
Another eftedt the Alps have on Geneva is, that the fun
here rifes later and fets fooner than it does to other places of
the fame latitude. Addifon's Remarks on Italy,
5. Unreftrained acceptation ; licentious or lax interpretation.
In fuch latitudes of fenfe, many that love me and the
church well, may have taken the covenant. King Charles.
Then, in comes the benign latitude of the doflrine of good¬
will, and cuts afunder all thofe hard, pinching cords. South.
6. Freedom from fettled rules ; laxity.
In human adtions there are no degrees, and precife na¬
tural limits deferibed, but a latitude is indulged. Taylor.
I took this kind of verfe, which allows more latitude than
any other. Dryden.
7. Extent; diffufion.
Albertus, bifhop of Ratifbon, for his great learning, and
latitude of knowledge, firnamed Magnus ; belides divinity,
hath written many tradfs in philofophy. Brown.
Mathematicks, in its latitude, is ufually divided into pure
and mixed. Wilkins's Mathematical Magick.
I pretend not to treat of them in their full latitude; it fuffices to fhew how the mind receives them, from fenfation
and refiedtion. Locke.
La'titudinarian. adj. [latitudinaire, French ; latitudinariusy low Latin.] Not reftrained; not confined ; thinking or
adting at large.
Latitudinarian love will be expenfive, and therefore I would
be informed what is to be gotten by it. Collier on Kindnefs,
La'titudinarian. n.f. One who departs from orthodoxy.
La'trant. adj. [latrans, Latin.] Barking.
Thy care be firft the various gifts to trace,
The minds and genius of the latrant race. Tickell.
\jATRIA. [XocTpua,; latrie, Fr.J The higheft kind of worfhip.
diftinguifhed by the papifts from duliay or inferior worfhip.
The pradtice of the catholick church makes genuflections,
proftrations. Applications, and other adts of latria to the
crofs, Stillingfleet, on Romijh Idolatry.
La'tten. n.f. [leton, French ; latoen, Dutch ; lattwn, Welfh.J
Brafs; a mixture of copper and calaminaris ftone.
To make lamp-black, take a torch or link, and hold it
under the bottom of a latten bafon, and, as it groweth black
within, ftrike it with a feather into fome fhell. Peacham.
LA'TTER. adj. [This is the comparative of latet though univcrfally written with tt, contrary to analogy, and to our own
pra&ice iii the fuperiative latejl. When the thing of which
the comparifon is made is mentioned, we ufe later; as, this
fruit is later than the rejl; but latter when no comparifon is
exprefled ; as, thofe are latterfruits.
•- -- Volet ufus
Vjuem penes arbitrium efl, iff vis, iff norma loquendi.]
Ji Happening after fomething elfe.
2. Modern ; lately done or paft.
Hath not navigation difeovered* in thefe latter ages, whole
nations at the bay of Soldania.' Locke.
3. Mentioned laft of two.
The difference between reafon and revelation, and in what
fenfe the latter is fuperior. Watts.
La'tterly. adv. [from latter.] Of late; in the laft part of
life : a loW'Word lately hatched.
LA'TTICE. n. f. [lattis, French ; by Junius written lettice,
and derived from lere pen, a hindring iron, or iron flop; by
Skinner imagined to be derived from latte, Dutch, a lath, or
to be corrupted from nettice or network: I have fometimes
derived it from let and eye; leteyes, that which lets the eye-.
It may be deduced from laterculus.J A reticulated window ;
a window made with flicks or irons crofting each other at
fmall diftances.
My good window of lattice fare thee well; thy cafement
I need not open, I look through thee. Shakefpeare.
The mother of Sifera looked out at a window, and cried
through the lattefs. . Judg. v. 28.
Up into the watch-tower get.
And fee all things defpoil’d of fallacies :
Thou {halt not peep through lattices of eyes,
Nor hear through labyrinths of ears, nor learn
By circuit or collections to difeern. Donne*
The trembling leaves through which he play’d.
Dappling the walk with light and fhade.
Like lattice windows, give the fpy
Room but to peep with half an eye. Cleaveland.
To La ttice. v. a. [from the noun.j To decufiate; to mark
with crofs parts like a lattice.
Lava tion. n.f. [lavatio, Latin,] The a£t of waffling.
Such filthy fluff was by loofe lewd varlets fung before thp
chariot on the folemn day of her lavation. ’* “ 'Uakewiil
La'vatory. n.f [from lavo, Latin.] A wafh; fomething in
which parts difeafed are waffled.
Lavatories, to wafh the temples, hands, wrifts, and jumiT A TTSAd° P°tenf]y Prodigate, and keep off the venom, Harvey
LAUD.' n.f. [lauty Latin.]
1. Praife; honour paid; celebration.
Doubtlefs, O gueft, great laud and praife were mine,
Reply’d the fwain, for fpotlefs faith divine :
If, after focial rites, and gifts bellow’d,
I flain’d my hofpitable hearth with blood. Pope’s Odyffey.
2. That part of divine worfhip which confifts in praife.
We have certain hymns and fervices, which We fay daily,
of laud and thanks to God for his marvellous works. Bacon.
In the book of Plalms, the lauds make up a very great
part of it. Government of the Tongue.
1 o Laud. v. a. [laudo, Latin.] To praife; to celebrate.
Othou almighty and eternal Creator, having confidered
the heavens the work of thy fingers, the moon and the flars
which thou haft ordained, with all the company of heaven,
we laud and magnify thy glorious name. Bentley's Sermons.
La udable. adj. [laudabilis, Latin.]
r. Praife-worthy ; commendable.
I’m in this earthly world, where to do harm
Is often laudable; but to do good, fometime
/ ^counted dang’rous folly. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
Affectation endeavours to corre£l natural defers, and has
always the laudable aim of pleafing, though it always miffes
2. Healthy; falubrious.
Good blood, and a due projeflile motion or circulation,
are neceffary to convert the aliment into laudable animal
T ^ . Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Laudableness. n.f. [laudable.] Praife-worthinefs.
La udably. adv. [from laudable.] In a manner defervinopraife. &
Obfolete words may be laudably revived, when either they
are founding or figmficant. Dryden's Dedication to Juvenal.
Laudanum, n.f. [A cant word, from laudoy Latin.] A foporifick tindlure. * J u
To Lave. v.a. [lavoy Latin.]
1. To wafh ; to bathe.
Unfafe, that we muft lave our honours
In thefe fo flatting ftreams. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
But as I role out of the laving ftream,
Heav n open’d her eternal doors, from whence
The fpirit defeended on me like a dove. Paradife Reg
xxruVh, 00my dccks’ her §uns of mighly ftrength, *
Whole low-laid mouths each mounting billow laves
Deep in her draught, and warlike in her lemnh *
She feems a fea-walp flying on the waves. & Drvd*n
2. {Lever, French.] To throw up; to lade; to draw out/ *
Though
3
L A U L A V
{
Though hills tverfe fet on hills.
And Teas inct Teas to guard thee, I would through :
I’d plough up rocks, fleep as the Alps, in duft,
Ami lave the Tyrrhene waters into clouds.
But I would reach thy head. Benj. Johnfon's Catiline.
Some flew their oars, or flop the leaky Tides,
Another bolder yet the yard beftrides,
And folds the Tails; a fourth with labour laves
Th’ intruding Teas, and waves ejeCts on waves; Dryden,
To Lavf.. v, n. To wafh hinilelf; to bathe.
In her chafte current oft the goddefs lavesi
And with celeftial tears augments the waves. Pope.
To Lav e'er. v. n. To change the direction often in a courfe.
How eafy ’tis when deftiny proves kind.
With full-fpread'fails to run before the -wind:
But thole that ’gainft {tiff gales laveering go,
Muft be at once refolv’d, and Ikilful too; DrydeH,
La'vender. n.f.
It is one of the verticillate plants, whofe flower confifts of
one leaf, divided into two lips ; the upper lip, {landing up¬
right, is roundifh, and, for the molt part, bifid; but the un¬
der lip is cut into three fegments, which are almoft equal :
thefe flowers are difpofed in whorles, and are collected into
a {lender fpike upon the top of the {talks. Miller.
The whole lavender plant has a highly aromatick Tmell
and tafie, and is famous as a cephalick, nervous, and ute¬
rine medicine. Hill’s Materia Medica,
And then again he turneth to his play,
To Ipoil the pleafures of that paradife:
The wholefome Tage, and lavender {fill grey,
Rank fmelling rue, and cummin good for eyes. Spenfer.
La'ver. n.f. [lavoir, French ; from lave.] A wafhing veflel.
Let us go find the body wdiere it lies
Soak’d in his enemies blood, and from the ftream
With lavers pure, and cleanfing herbs, wafh off
The clodded gore. Milton's Agoniftes, /. 1727.
He, piteous of her woes, rear’d her lank head,
And gave her to his daughters, to imbathe
In neCtar’d lavers ftrew’d with afphodil. Milton.
Young Aretus from forth his bridal bow’r
Brought the full latter o’er their hands to pour.
And canifters of confecrated flour. Pope's Odyffey. j
To LAUGH, v. n. [JflaJjan, Saxon ; lachen, German and
Dutch; lack) Scottifh.]
I.To make that noife which Tudden merriment excites.
You Taw my mailer wink and laugh upon you. Shakefp,
There’s one did laugh in’s fleep, and one cried, Murther !
They wak’d each other. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
At this fully Huff
The large Achilles, on his preft-bed lolling,
From his deep cheft laughs out a loud applaufe. Shakefp.
Laughing caufeth a continued expulfion of the breath with
the loud noife, which maketh the interjection of laughing,
fluking of the breaft and Tides, running of the eyes with
water, if it be violent. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
t. [In poetry.] To appear gay, favourable, pleafant, or fertile.
Entreat her not the worle, in that 1 pray
You ufe her well; the world may laugh again,
And I may live to do you kindnefs, if
Y ou do it her. Shakefpeare's Henry VI. p, i.
Then laughs the childifli year with flowrets crown’d. Dry.
The plenteous board, high-heap’d with cates divine.
And o’er the foaming bowl the laughing wine. Pope.
3. fci Laugh at. To treat with contempt; to ridicule. >
Prefently prepare thy grave ;
Lie where the light foam of the fea may beat
Thy graVe-ftone daily; make thine epitaph.
That death in me at others lives may laugh» Shakefp.
Twere better for you, if ’twere not known in council ;
you 11 be laugh'd at. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
T. he difiolute and abandoned, before they are aware of
it, are often betrayed to laugh at themfelves, and upon re¬
jection find, that they are merry at their own expence.
Addifon's Freeholder, N\ a c.
No wit to flatter left of all his ftore;
No fool to laugh at, which he valued more. Pope,
To Laugh, v. a. I o deride ; to fcorn.
Be bloody, bold and refolute; laugh to fcorn
The pow’r of man. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
A wicked foul {hall make him to be laughed to fcorn of his
_ enemies. Eccluf. vi. 4.
Laugh, n.f [from the verb.] The convulfion caufed by mer¬
riment ; an inarticulate expreflion of fudden merriment.
Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain,
Then hid in {hades, eludes her eager Twain ;
But feigrts a laugh, to Tee me Tearch around.
And by that laugh the willing fair is found; Pope's Spring.
La ughable, adj. [from laugh.] Such as may properly excite
laughter.
Nature hath fram’d ftrange fellows in her time :
Some that will evermore peep through their eye
And laugh like parrots at a bagpiper;
And others of Tuch vinegar afpeCt,
That they’ll not fliow their teeth in way of Anile;
Though Ncftbr {wear the jell be laughable'. ShakefpedPe:
Cafaubon confeiles his author Perfius was not good at
turning things into a pleafant ridicule; or, in other words;
that he was not a laughable writer. Dryden's Juvenal'.
La'ugher. n.f. [from laugh.] A man fond of merriment.
I am a common laugher. Shakefp. Julius Catfar.
Some fober men cannot be of the general opinion, but the
laughers are much the majority. Pope.
La'ughingly. adv. [from laughing.] In a merry way; mer¬
rily.
Laughingstock, n.f. [laugh z.r\Aflock.] A butt; an objea
of ridicule.
The forlorn maiden, whom your eyes have feen
The laughingjlock of fortune’s mockerie. Spenf Fa. fht’.
Pray you let us not Be laughingflocks to other mens hutnours. Shakefpeare's Merry Wives of Windfor.
Supine credulous frailty expofes a man to be both a prey
and laughingjlock at once; L'Ejlrange's Fables'.
La'ughter. n.f. [from lailgh.] Convuifive merriment; an
inarticulate expreflion of Tudden merriment.
To be worft,
The loweff, moft dejected thing of fortune;
Stands ftill in efperance; lives not in fear.
The lamentable change is from the beff,
The worft returns to laughter. Shakefpeare's king tear.
The aCt of laughter, which is a fweet contraction of the
nhufcles of the face, and a pleafant agitation of the vocal
organs, is not merely voluritary, or totally within the jurifdiCtion of ourfelves. Brown's Vulgar ErrourSi b. vii.
We find not that the laughter loving dams
Mourn’d for Anchifes. Waller.
Pain or pleafure, grief or lakghter. Prior
LA'VISH. adj. [Of this word I have been aSle to find ho fatisfa&ory etymology.]
1. Prodigal; warteful; indifcteetly liberal.
His jolly brothef, oppofite in fenfe, ~
Laughs at his thrift; and lavifh of expence; /
Quaffs, crams, and guttles, in his own defence. Dryd. \
The dame has been too lavifh of her feaft.
And fed him till he loaths. Rowe's Jane Shorn
2. Scattered in wafte ; profufe.
3. Wild ; unreftrained.
Bellona’s bridegroom, lapt in proof,
Confronted him,
Curbing his lavifh fpirit. Shakefpeare's Macbeth
To Lavish, v. a. [from the adje£lve.] To Tcatter with profufion. r
Should we thus lead them to a field of {laughter,
Might not th’ impartial world with reafon fay,
We lavifi'd at our deaths the blood of thoufands. Addif
La'visher. n.f [from lavifh.] A prodigal; a profufe man.
LaVishly. adv. [from lavifh.] Profufely; prodigally.
My father’s purpofes have been miftook ;
And fome about him have too lavifhly
Wrelied his meaning and authority. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Then laughs the childilh year with flowrets crown’d.
And lavifhly perfumes the fields around; Dryden.
Praife to a wit is like rain to a tender flower; if it be mo¬
derately bellowed, it chears and revives ; but if too lavifhly
overcharges and depreffes him.
La'vishment. \ .. _ _> * ‘
La'vishnEss. 5 n'l' [fr°m lavifh.] Prodigality; prdfufion.
Firft gat with guile, and then preferv’d with dread.
And after fpent with pride and lavifhnefs. Fairy Queen-.
To Launch, y. n. [It is derived by Skinner from lance, becaufe a {hip is pufhed into water with great force.]
ii To force into the Tea;
Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a
drailSht- „ ^ „ Luhv. 4,
So Ihoft a flay prevails;
He Toons equips the {hip, fupplies the fails.
And gives the word to launch. Dryden.
For ger>eral hiflory, Raleigh and Howel are to be had.
He who Ivould launch farthef into the ocean; may confult
. ^hear‘ , ' , L,de.
2. I o rove at large ; to expatiate.
From hence that gen’ral care- and ftudy fprings,
That launching and prOgreflion of the mind; Davies.
Whoever purfues his own thoughts, will find them launch
out beyond the extent of body into the infinity of fpace. Locke,
In our language Spenfer has not contented himfelf with
this fubmiflive manner of imitation : he launches out into very
flow’ry paths, which {till conduct him into one great road.
TT , . . _ , . Prior's Preface to Solomon.
He had not aCled in the character of a fuppliant, if he
had launched out into a long otatlon. Broomes Odyffey.
I have launched out of my fubjeCt on this article.. Arbuth.
T%
LAW L A W
ToLaNCH. Vi A
i* To p Tii to fed.
All art is uied to fink epifcopdcy, and launch prefbytery*
in England. Kirin- Charles.,
With (lays and cordage laft he rigg’d the fhip,
And roll’d on leavers, launch'd her in the deep. Pope.
S. To dart from the hand. 'This perhaps, for diflindtion fake,
might hotter be written lanch.
The King of Heav’n, ohfctire on high,
flar’d his red arm, and launching from the fky
His writhen bolt, not fhaking empty fmoke,
Down to the deep ahyfs the flaming fellow ftrook. Dryd.
Laukd. n.f [lande, French; lawn, Welfh.] Lawn a plain
extended between woods. Hanmer.
Under this thick-grown brake we’ll fhroud ourfelves,
For through this laund anon the deer wili come;
And in this covert will we make our Hand,
Culling the principal of all the deer. Shakef. Henry VI.
La'undress. n.f. [lavandiere, French : Skinner imagines that
lavanderejfe may have been the old word.] A woman whofe
employment is to wafh cloaths.
The countefs of Richmond would often fay, On condition
the princes of Chriftendom would march again!!: the Turks, fhe
Would willingly attend them, and be their laundrefs. Camden.
Take up thefe cloaths here quickly; carry them to the
laundrefs in Datchet mead. Shakef. Merry Wives of JVindfor.
The laundrefs mufl be fure to tear her fmocks in the wafhing, and yet wafh them but half. Swift.
La'undry. n.f. [as if lavanderie.]
t. The room in which clothes are wafhed. .
The affairs of the family ought to be confulted, whether
they concern the liable, dairy, the pantry, Or laundry. Swift
1. The a£t or flate of waffling.
Chalky Water is too fretting, as appeareth in laundry of
cloaths, which wear out apace. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
LAVO'LTA. n.f [la volte, French.] An old dance] in which
Was much turning and much capering. Hanmer.
I cannot ffng,
Nor heel the high lavolt; nor fweeten talk ;
Nor play at fubtle games. Shakef. Troilus and Crefftda.
La'ureate. adj. [laureatus, Lat.] Decked or inverted with a
laurel.
Bid Amaranthus all his beauty filed,
And daffodillies fill their cups with tears.
To ftrew the laureate hearfe where Lycid lies, Milton.
Soft on her lap her laureate fon reclines. Dunciad.
Laurea'tion. n.f. [from laureate.] It denotes, in the Scottifh univerfities, the adl or ftate of having degrees conferred,
as they have in fome of them a flowery crown, in imita¬
tion of laurel among the antients.
LA'UREL. n.f [laurus, Lat. laurier, French.] A tree, called
alfo the cherry bay.
It hath broad thick finning ever-green leaves, fomewhat
like thofe of the bay tree; the cup of the flower is hollow,
and funnel-fhaped, fpreading open at the top, and is divided
into five parts : the flower conftfls of five leaves, which ex¬
pand in form of a rofe, having many ftamina in the centre ;
the fruit, which is like that of the cherry tree, is produced
in bunches, and the ftone -is longer and narrower than that
of the cherry. Miller.
The laurus or laurel of the antients is affirmed by naturalifts to be what we call the bay tree. Ainfworth.
The laurel, meed of mighty conquerors.
And poets fage. Spenfer's Fairy fhicen.
The laurel or cherry-bay, by cutting away the fide branches,
will rife to a large tree. Mortimer s Hujhandry.
La'ureled. adj.[from laurel.] Crowned or decorated with laurel.
Hear’ft thou the news ? my friend 1 th’ exprefs is come
With laurell'd letters from the camp to Rome. Dryden.
Then future ages with delight fhall fee
How Plato’s, Bacon’s, Newton’s, looks agree ;
Or in fair feries laurell'd bards be fhown
A Virgil there, and here an Addifon. Pope.
LAW. n.f. [laga, Saxon; loi, French; lawgh, Erfe.]
1. A rule of a£tion.
Unhappy man ! to break the pious laws
Of nature, pleading in his children’s caufe. Dryden.
2, A decree, eduSt, ftatute, or cuftom, publickly eftablifhed as
a rule of jurtice.
He hath refilled law,
And therefore law fhall fcorn him further trial
Than the feverity of publick power. Shakef. Corielanus.
Thou art a robber,
A law-breaker, a villain; yield thee, thief. Shakefpeare.
Our nation would not give laws to the Irifh, therefore
now the Irifh gave laws to them. Davies on Ireland.
One law is fplit into two. Baker Rcfltft. on Learning.
v. Judicial procefs.
When every cafe in law is right. Shakef. King Lear.
Who has a breaft fo pure.
But fome uncleanly apprehenfions
Keep Icct.s and law days, and in feffions fit,
# 4 With meditations lawful. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Tom Touchy is a fellow famous for taking the law of
every body : there is not one in the town where he lites that
he has not fued at a quarter-feffions. Addifon s Spectator.
4. Conformity to law ; any thing lawful.
In a rebellion,
When what’s not meet, but what mufl be, was law,
Thcii were they ehofen. Shakefpeare s Coriolanus.
5. An eftablifhed and conflant mode or proceb; a fixed correfpondence of caufe and effect.
I dy’d, whilfl in the womb he flay’d.
Attending Nature’s law. Shakefpeare's Cymheline.
L'a'wful. adj. [law and full.] Agreeable to law ; conform¬
able to law ; allowed legal by law ; legitimate.
It is not lawfid for thee to have her. Mat. xivr. 4.
Glofler’s baflard fon was kinder to his father, than my
daughters, got ’tween the lawful fheets. Shakef. King Lear.
Lawfully, adv. [from lawful.] Legally; agreeably to law.
This bond is forfeit;
And lawfully by this the Jew may claim
A pound of fleih. Sbakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Though it be not againfl drift juftice for a man to do
thofe things which he might otherwife lawfully do, albeit his
neighbour doth take occaiion from thence to conceive in his
mind a falfe belief, yet Chriflian charity will, in many cafes,
reflrain a man. South's Sermons.
I may be allowed to tell your lordfhip, the king of poets,
what an extent of power you have, and how lawfully you
may exercife it. Dryden's Dedication to 'Juvenal.
Lawfulness, n.f [from lawful.] Legality; allowance of
law.
I think it were an error to fpeak further, till I may fee
fome found foundation laid of the lawfulnefs of the aftion. *
Bacon s Holy War.
La'wgiver. n.f. [law and giver.] Legiflator; one that makes
laws.
Solomon we efleem as the lawgiver of our nation. Bacon.
A law may be very reafonable in itfelf, although one does
not know the reafon of the lawgivers. Swift.
L'awgiving. adj. [law and giving.] Legiffative.
Lazvgiving heroes, fam’d for taming brutes.
And raifing cities with their charming lutes. Waller.
La'wless. adj. [from law.]
1. Unreflrained by any law; not fubjeft to law.
The neceffity of war, which among human aftions is the
mod lawlefs, hath fome kind of affinity with the neceffity of
law. Raleigh's Ejfays.
The lawlefs tyrant, who denies
To know their God, or meflage to regard,
Mufl be compell’d, Milton's Paradife Lojl, l. xii.
Orpheus did not, as poets feign, tame favage hearts.
But men as lawlefs, and as wild as they. Rofcommon.
Not the gods, nor angry Jove will bear
Thy lawlefs wand’ring walks in open air. Dryd. Ain.
Blind as the Cyclops, and as blind as he.
They own’d a lawlefs favage liberty,
Like that our painted anceftors fo priz’d,
Ere empire’s arts their hreafls had civiliz’d. Drydert.
He Meteor-like, flames lawlefs through the void,
Deflroying others, by himfelf deflroy’d. Pope.
2. Contrary to law; illegal.
Take not the quarrel from his powerful arms.
He needs no indirect nor lawlefs courfe
To cut off thofe that have offended him. Shakef. R. III.
We cite our faults.
That they may hold excus’d our lawlefs lives. Shakefp.
Thou the firft, lay down thy lawlefs claim ;
Thou of my blood who bear’ll the Julian name. Dryden.
La'wlesly. adv. [from lawlefs.] In a manner contrary to
law.
Fear not, he bears an honourable mind.
And will not ufe a woman laivlefy. Shakefpeare.
La'wmaker. n.f. [law and maker.] Legiflator; one who
makes laws ; a lawgiver.
Their judgment is, that the church of Chrift fiiould ad¬
mit no lawmakers but the evangelifls. Hooker, b. iii.
Lawn, n.f [land, Danifh; lawn, Wclfh; lande, French.]
1. An open fpace between woods.
Betwixt them lawns, or level downs, and flocks.
Grazing the tender herb, were interpos’d. Milt. Pa. Lojl.
His mountains were in a few years fhaded with young
trees, that gradually fhot up into groves, woods, and forefls, intermixed with walks, and lawns, and gardens.
Addifon's Spectator, Ns. 58.
Stern beads in trains that by his truncheon fell.
Now grifly forms fhoot o’er the lawns of hell. Pope.
Interfpers’d in lawns and opening glades.
Thin trees arife that fhun each other’s fhades. Pope.
2. [Linon, French.] Fine linen, remarkable for being ufed in
the flceves of bifhops.
Should’ft thou bleed,
To flop the wounds my fined lawn I’d tear,
Wafh them with tears, and wipe them with my hair. Prior.
From
LAY LAY
From high life high chara&ers are drawn,
A faint in crape is twice a faint in /awn. Pope.
What awe did the flow folemn knell infpire :
The duties by the lawn rob’d prelate pay’d.
And the laft words, that duft to duft convey’d 1 Tickell.
La'wsuit. n.f [law and fuit.] A procefs in law; a litiga¬
tion.
The giving the prieft a right to the tithe would produce
lanpjmts and wrangles ; his neceffary attendance on the courts
of juftice would leave his people without a fpiritual guide.
Swift's Propofal.
Law'yer. n. f. [from law.] Profeflor of law ; advocate;
pleader.
It is like the breath of an unfeed lawyer, you gave me no¬
thing for it. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Is the law evil, becaufe fome lawyers in their office fwerve
from it ? _ Whitgift.
I have entered into a work touching laws, in a middle
term, between the fpeculative and reverend difcourfes of philofophers, and the writings of lawyers. Bacon's Holy War.
The nymphs with fcorn beheld their foes,
When the defendant’s council rofe ;
And, what no lawyer ever lack’d.
With impudence own’d all the fadt. Swift.
Lax. adj. [laxus, Latin.]
1. Locfe not confined ; not clofely joined.
Inhabit laxy ye pow’rs of heav’n ! Milton's Par. Lojl.
In mines, thofe parts of the earth which abound with
ftrata of Hone, fulfer much more than thofe which confift of
gravel, and the like laxer matter, which more eafily give
way. Woodward.
2. Vague; not rigidly exadl.
Dialogues were only lax and moral difcourfes. Baker.
3„ Loofe in body, fo as to go frequently to ftool; laxative
medicines are fuch as promote that difpofition. Quincy.
4. Slack ; not tenfe.
By a branch of the auditory nerve that goes- between the
ear and the palate, they can hear themfelves, though their
outward ear be ftopt by the lax membrane to all founds that
come that way. Holder's Elements ofSpeech.
Lax. n.f A loofenefs ; a diarrhoea. Didl.
Laxa'tion. n.f [laxatio, Latin.]
1. The adt of loofening or flackening.
2. The ftate of being loofened or flackened.
La'xative. adj. \laxatif French ; laxo, Latin.] Having the
power to eafe coftivenefs.
Omitting honey, which is of a laxative power itfelf; the
powder of fome loadftones in this doth rather conftipate and
bind, than purge and loofen the belly. Brown's Vulg.Err.
The oil in wax is emollient, laxative, and anodyne.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
La'xative. n.f. A medicine {lightly purgative ; a medicine
that relaxes the bowels without ftimulation.
Nought profits him to fave abandon’d life.
Nor vomits upward aid, nor downward laxative. Dryd.
La'xativeness. n.f. [laxative.] Power of ealing coftivenefs.
La'xity. n.f. [laxitasy Latin.]
1. Not compreflion ; not clofe cohefion.
The former caufeS could never beget whirlpools in a chaos
of fo great a laxity and thinnefs. Bentley's Sermons.
2. Contrariety to rigorous precifion.
3. Loofenefs ; not coftivenefs.
If fometimes it caufe any laxity, it is in the fame way with
iron unprepared, which will difturb fome bodies, and work
by purge and vomit. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
4. Slacknefs ; contrariety to tenfion.
Laxity of a fibre, is that degree of cohefion in its parts
which a fmall force can alter, fo as to increafe its length be¬
yond wbat is natural. Quincy.
In confideration of the laxity of their eyes, they are fubje£t to relapfe. Wifeman's Surgery.
5. Opennefs; not clofenefs.
Hold a piece of paper clofe by the flame of a candle, and
by little and little remove it further off, and there is upon
the paper fome part of that which I fee in the candle, and it
grows ftill lefs and lefs as I remove ; fo that if I would
truft my fenfe, I fhould believe it as very a body upon the
paper as in the candle, though infeebled by the laxity of
the channel in which it flows. Digby on Bodies.
La'xness. n.f. Laxity; not tenfion; not precifion; not co¬
ftivenefs.
For the free paffage of the found into the ear, it is requifite that the tympanum be tenfe, and hard ftretched; otherwife the laxnejs of that membrane will certainly dead and
damp the found. Holder's Elements of Speech.
Lay. Preterite of lye.
O ! would the quarrel lay upon our heads.
And that no man might draw fhort breath to day.
But I and Harry Monmouth. Shakefp. Henry IV.
He was familiarly acquainted with him at fuch time as he
lay embaflador at Conftantinople. Knolles's Hijl. ofthe Turks.
6
When Ahab had heard thofe words he fafted, and lay in
fackcloth. I Kings xxi. 27.
I try’d whatever in the Godhead lay. Dryden.
He rode to rouze the prey*
That (haded by the fern in harbour lay,
And thence difiodged. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
Leaving Rome, in my way to Sienna, I lay the firft night
at a village in the territories of the antient Veii. Addifon.
How could he have the retirednels of the cloifter, to
perform all thofe adls of devotion in, when the burthen of
the reformation lay upon his fhoulders ? Francis Atterbury.
The prefbyterians argued, that if the pretender fhould in¬
vade thofe parts where the numbers and ellates of the diffenters chiefly lay, they would fit ftill. Swift.
To LAY. v. a. [lecjan, Saxon; leggen, Dutch.]
1. To place along.
Seek not to be judge, being not able to take away iniqui¬
ty, left at any time thou fear the perfon of the mighty, and
lay a ftumbling-block in the way of thy uprightnefs. Eccluf.
2. To beat down corn or graft.
Another ill accident is laying of corn with great rains in
harveft. Bacon's NaturalHijlory.
Let no (beep there play,
Nor frifking kids the flowery meadows lay. May's Virgil.
3. To keep from rifing; to fettle; to ftill.
I’ll ufe th’ advantage of my power.
And lay the fummer’s duft with fhowers of blood. Shakef.
It was a fandy foil, and the way had been full of duft ;
but an hour or two before a refrefhing fragrant fhower of
rain had laid the duft. Ray on Creation.
4. To fix deep.
Schifmaticks, outlaws, or criminal perfons, are not fit to
lay the foundation of a new colony. Bacon's Adv. to Villiers.
I lay the deep foundations of a wall.
And Enos, nam’d from me, the city call. Dryden.
Men will be apt to call it pulling up the old foundations
of knowledge; I perfuade myfelf, that the way I have purfued lays thofe fouudations furer. Locke.
5. To put; to place.
Then he offered it to him again ; then he put it by again;
but, to my thinking, he was very loth to lay his fingers
on it. Shakefpeare’s Julius Cafar.
They fhall lay hands on the lick, and recover. Mark.
They, whoYo ftate a queftion, do no more but feparate
and difentangle the parts of it, one from another, and lay
them, when fo difentangled, in their due order. Locke.
We to thy name our annual rites will pay,
And on thy altars facrifices lay. Pope's Statius•
6. To bury; to interr.
David fell on lleep, and w'as laid unto his fathers, and
faw corruption. Adis xiii. 36.
7. To ftation or place privily.
Lay thee an ambulh for the city behind thee. Jof viii. 2.
The wicked have laid a fnare for me. PfaL
Lay not wait, O ! wicked man, againft the dwelling of
the righteous. Prov. xxiv. 15.
8. To fpread on a furface.
The colouring upon thofe maps fhould be laid on fo thin,
as not to obfcure or conceal any part of the lines. Watts.
9. To paint; to enamel.
The pidtures drawn in our minds are laid in fading co¬
lours ; and, if not fometimes refrelhed, vanifh and difappear. Locke.
10. To put into any ftate of quiet.
They bragged, that they doubted not but to abufe, and
lay afleep, the queen and council of England. Bacon.
11. To calm ; to ftill; to quiet; to allay.
Friends, loud tumults are not laid
With half the eafinefs that they are rais’d. B. Johnfon.
Thus pafs’d the night fo foul, till morning fair
Came forth with pilgrim fteps in amice grey,
Who with her radiant finger ftill’d the roar
Of thunder, chas’d the clouds and laid the winds. Milton.
After a tempeft, when the winds are laid,
The calm fea wonders at the wrecks it made. Waller.
I fear’d I fhould have found
A tempeft in your foul, and came to lay it. Denham.
At once the wind was laid, the whifp’ring found
Was dumb, a rifing earthquake rock’d the ground. Dryd.
12. To prohibit a fpirit to walk.
The hufband found no charm to lay the devil in a petti¬
coat, but the rattling of a bladder with beans in it. L'EJlr.
13. To fet on the table.
I laid meat unto them. Hof. xi. 4.
14. To propagate plants by fixing their twigs in the ground:
The chief time of laying gillyflowers is in July, when the
flowers are gone. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
15. To wager.
But iince you will be mad, and fince you may
Sufpedt my courage, if I fhould not lay,
The pawn I proffer fhall be full as good. Dryclens Virg.
15 E 16. To
LAY
3m£>. To rcpofit fe'n’y thing.
The fparrow hath found an hou(e, and the fwallow a ncft,
for herfclf, where ihe may lay her young. PJ'al. lxxxiv. 3.
tj. To exclude eggs.
After the egg ldy'd1 there is no further growth or nourifhment from the female. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
A hen miftakes a piece of chalk for an egg* and fits upon
it; fhe is iufenfible of an increafe or diminution in the num¬
ber of thofe fhe lays,. Addijon's Spectator, N°. 120.
18. To apply with violence.
Lay fiege againft it, and build a fort againft it, and caft
a mount againft it. Ezek. iv. 2.
Never more fhall my torn mind be heal’d,
Nor tafte the gentle comforts of repofe !
A dreadful band of gloomy cares furround me,
And lay ftrong fiege to my diftra£ted foul. Phillips.
19. To apply nearly.
She layeth her hands to the fpindle, and her hands hold
the diftaff. Prov. xxxi. 19.
It is better to go to the houfe of mourning than to go to
the houfe of feafling; for that is the end of all men, and
the living will lay it to bis heart. Eccl. vii. 2.
The peacock laid it extremely to heart, that, being Juno’s
darling bird, he had not the nightingale’s voice. L'Ejlrange.
He that really lays thefe two things to heart, the extreme
neceffity that he is in, and the fmall poflibility of help, will
never come coldly to a work of that concernment. Duppa.
20. To add; to conjoin.
Wo unto them that lay field to field. Ifa. v. 8.
21. To put in any ftate.
' Till us death lay
To ripe and mellow; we’re but ftubborn clay. Donne.
If the finus lie diftant, lay it open firft, and cure that
apertion before you divide that in ano. Wifeman's Surgery.
The wars for fome years have laid whole countries wafte.
Addijon's Spectator, N°. 198.
22. To fcheme; to contrive.
Every breaft fhe did with fpirit inflame,
Yet ftill frefh projects lay d the grey-ey’d dame. Chapman.
Homer is like his Jupiter, has his terrors, fhaking Olym¬
pus ; Virgil, like the fame power in his benevolence, coun¬
felling with the gods, laying plans for empires. Pope.
Don Diego and we have laid it fo, that before the rope is
well aboutthy neck, he will break in and cut thee down. Arbuth.
23. To charge as a payment.
A tax laid upon land feems hard to the landholder, becaufe it is fo much money going out of his pocket. Locke.
24. To impute; to charge.
Preoccupied with what
You rather muft do, that what you fhould do.
Made you againft the grain to voice him conful,
Lay the fault on us. Shakejpeare.
How fhall this bloody deed be anfwered ?
It will be laid to us, whofe providence
Should have kept fhort, reftrain’d, and out of haunt.
This mad young man. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet.
We need not lay new matter to his charge. Shakef.
Men groan from out of the city, yet God layeth not folly
to them. Job xxiv. 12.
Let us be glad of this, and all our fears
Lay on his providence. Paradife Regain'd, b. i.
The writers of thofe times lay the difgraces and ruins of
their country upon the numbers and fiercenefs of thofe favage
nations that invaded them. Temple.
They lay want of invention to his charge; a capital
crime. Dryden's Mneis.
You reprefented it to the queen as wholly innocent of
thofe crimes which were laid unjuftly to its charge. Dryden.
They lay the blame on the poor little ones. Locke.
There was eagernefs on both fides ; but this is far from
laying a blot upon Luther. Atterbury.
25. To impofe; to enjoin.
The wearieft and moil loathed life
That age, ach, penury, imprifonment,
Can lay on nature, is a paradife
To what we fear of death. Shakefp. Meaf.for Meaf,
Thou fhalt not be to him as an ufurer, neither fhalt thou
lay upon him ufury. Exod. xx. 25.
The Lord fhall lay the fear of you, and the dread of you,
upon all the land. Deut. xi. 25.
It feemed good to the Holy Ghoft, and to us, to lay upon
you no greater burden. dldts xv. 28.
Whilft you lay on your friend the favour, acquit him of
the debt. - Wycherley.
A prince who never difobey’d.
Not when the moil fevere commands were laid,
Nor want, nor exile, with his duty weigh’d. Dryden.
You fee what obligation the profeilion of Chriftianity lays
upon us to holinefs of life. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Thefe words were not fpoken to Adam ; neither, indeed,
was there any grant in them made to Adam, but a punifhment Idid upon Eve. Locke.
J
LAY
Neglect the rules each verbal critick laysy
For not to know fome trifles is a praife. Popei
26. To exhibit; to offer. .
It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man
to die, before that he which is accufed have the accufers
face to face, and have licence to anfwer for himfelf concern¬
ing the crime laid againft him. Aldls xxv. 16.
Till he lays his indi&ment in fome certain country, we do
not think ourfelves bound to anfwer an indefinite^charge.
Prancts Atterbury.
27. To throw by violence.
He bringeth down them that dwell on high; the lofty city
he layeth it low, even to the ground. Ifa. xxvi. 5*
Brave Cseneus laid Ortygius on the plain, ^
The viHor Caeneus was by Turnus flain. Dryden s JEn.
He took the quiver, and the truftv bow
Achates us’d to bear; the leaders firft
He laid along, and then the vulgar pierc’d. Dryden.
28. To place in comparifon.
Lay down by thofe pleafures the fearful and dangerous
thunders and lightnings, and then there will be found no
comparifon. Raleigh.
29. To Lay apart. To reject; to put away.
Lay apart all filthinefs. Jaynes i. 21.
30. To Lay afide. To put away ; not to retain.
Let us lay afide every weight, and the fin which doth fo
eafily befet us. Heb. xii. I.
Amaze us not with that majeftick frown.
But lay afide the greatnefs of your crown. Waller..
Rofcommon firft, then Mulgrave rofe, like light 3
The Stagyrite, and Horace, laid afide,
Inform’d by them, we need no foreign guide. Granville.
Retention is the power to revive again in our minds thofe
ideas which, after imprinting, have disappeared, or have been
laid afide out of fight. Locke’.
When by juft vengeance guilty mortals perifh.
The gods behold their punifhment with pleafure,
And lay the uplifted thunder-bolt afide. Addifons Cato.
31. To Lay away. To put from one ; not to keep.
Queen Efther laid away her glorious apparel, and put on
the garments of anguifh. Ejlher xiv. 2.
32. To Lay before. To expofe to view 3 to fhew ; to difplay.
I cannot better fatisfy your piety, than by laying before
you a profpedt of your labours. Wakes Prepar.for Death.
That treaty hath been laid before the houfe of commons.
Swift's Preface to Remarks on the Barrier Treaty.
Their office it is to lay the bufinefs of the nation before
him. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 46.
33. To Lay by. To referve for fome future time.
Let every one lay by him in ftore, as God hath profpered
him. 1 Cor. xvi. 2.
34. To Lay by. To put from one ; to difmifs.
Let brave fpirits that have fitted themfelves for command,
either by fea or land, not be laid by as perfons unneceffary
for the time. Bacons Advice to Villiers.
She went away, and laid by her veil. Gen. xxxviii. 19.
Did they not fwear to live and die
With Eflex, and ftraight laid him by. Hudibras.
For that look, which does your people awe.
When in your throne and robes you give ’em law,
Lay it by here, and give a gentler fmile. Waller.
Darknefs, which faireft nymphs difarms.
Defends us ill from Mira’s charms 3
Mira can lay her beauty byy
Take no advantage of the eye,
Quit all that Lely’s art can take.
And yet a thoufand captives make. Waller•
Then he lays by the publick care, -j
Thinks of providing for an heir; L
Learns how to get, and how to (pare. Denham.
The Tufcan king,
Laid Dryden, by the lance, and took him to the fling.
Where Daedalus his borrow’d wings laidbyy
To that obfeure retreat I chufe to fly. Dryden's Juvenal.
My zeal for you muft lay the father by,
And plead my country’s caufe againft my fon. Dryden.
Fortune, confcious of your deftiny.
E’en then took care to lay you foftly by;
And wrapp d your fate among her precious things.
Kept frefh to be unfolded with your king’s. Dryden.
Difmifs your rage, and lay your weapons byy
Know I protect them, and they fhall not die, Dryden.
When their difpleafure is once declared, they ouoht not
presently to lay by the feverity of their brows, but reftore
their children to their former grace with fpme difficulty. Locke.
35- Lay down. To depolit as a pledge, equivalent, or l'atisfadhon.
I lay down my life for the fhcep.
For her, my Lord,
I dare my life lay down, and will do’t, Sir,
John x. 15,
Pleafe you t’ accept it, that the queen is fpotlefs
I’ th’ eyes of heaven. Shakejpeare s Winter's Tale.
36. Te
3
LAY
36. To Lay down. To'qlnt; to refign. . . ...
'j’he foldier being once brought in for the fcrvice, I will
not have him to lay down his.arms any more. Spenf. Ireland.
Ambitious conquerors, in their mad career.
Check'd by thy voice, lay down the fword and fpear.
Blackmore's Creation, b. ii.
TTie ftory of the tragedy is purely fusion ; for I take it up
where the hiftory has laid it down. Dryden’s Don Seb'ajlian.
37. To Lay down. To commit to repofe.
I will lay me down in peace and fteep. Pfal. xlviii.
And they lay themfelves down upon cloaths laid to pledge*
by every altar. Amos ii. 8.
We lay us down, to lleep away our cares; night {huts up
the fenfes. Glanville s Seep.
Some god conduCl me to the facred {hades,
Or lift me high to Haemus’ hilly crown.
Or in the plains of Tempe lay me down. Dryden s Virg’.
.38. To LaY down. To advance as a propofition.
I have laid down, in fome meafure, the defeription of the
old known world. Abbot s Defcrip. of the World.
Lurcher lavs it down as a certain principle, that there
never was any people fo rude, which did not acknowledge
and worfhip one fupreme deity. Stillingfcet on Rom. Idolatry.
I mult lay down this for your encouragement, that we are
no longer now under the heavy yoke of a perfect unfinning
obedience. Wake’s Preparationfor Death.
Plato lays it down as a principle, that whatever is permit¬
ted to beial a juft man, whether poverty or ficknefs, fhall,
either in life or death, conduce to his good. Addifon's Sped?.
From the maxims laid down many may conclude, that I
Lad a mind the world {hould think there had been occafion
given by fome late abufes among men of that calling. Swift.
39. To Lay.for. To attempt by ambulh, or infidious prac¬
tices.
He embarked himfelf at Marfeilles, after a long and dan¬
gerous journey, being not without the knowledge of Solyman
hardly laidfor at fea by Cortug-ogli, a famous pirate. Knolles.
40. To Layforth. Todiffufe; to expatiate.
O bird ! the delight of gods and of men ! and fo he lays
himfelfforth upon the gracefulnefs of the raven. L'Ejlrange.
>^.1. To Layforth. To place when dead in a decent pofture.
Embalm me,
Then lay me forth; although unqueen’d* yet like
A queen, and daughter to a king, interr me. Shakefpeare.
42. To Lay hold of. To feize ; to catch.
Then {hall his father and his mother lay hold on him, and
bring him out. Deut. xxi. 19.
Favourable feafons of aptitude and inclination, be heed¬
fully laid hold of. Locke.
43. To Lay in. To {lore; to treafure.
Let the main part of the ground employed to gardens or
corn be to a common {lock ; and laid in, and ftored up, and
then delivered out in proportion. Bacon’s EJfays.
An equal {lock of wit and valour
He had laid in, by birth a taylor. Hudibras, p. i.
They faw the happinefs of a private life, but they thought
they had not yet enough to make them happy, they would
have more, and laid in to make their folitude luxurious. Dryd.
Readers, who are in the dower of their youth, Ihould la¬
bour at thofe accomplifhments v/hich may fet off their perfons when their bloom is gone, and to lay in timely proviiions
for manhood and old age. Addifon s Guardian.
44. To lay on. To apply with violence.
We make no oxcufes fot the obftinate: blows are the pro¬
per remedies; 'but blows laid on in a way different from the
ordinary. Locke on Education'.
45. To Ivay open. To {hew; to expofe.
Teach me, dear creature, how to think and fpeak.
Lay open to my earthy grofs conceit.
Smother’d in errours, feeble, {hallow, weak,
The folded meaning of your word’s deceit. Shakefpeare.
A fool layeth open his folly. Prov. xiii. 16.
46. To Lay over. To incruft; to cover; to decorate fuperHcially.
Wo unto him that faith to the wood, awake ; to the dumb
{lone, arife, it fhall teach : behold, it is laid over with gold
and filver, and there is no breath at all in the midft of it.
Hab. ii. 19.
47. To Lay out. To expend.
Fathers are wont to lay up for their fons,
Thou for thy foil art bent to lay out all. Milton.
Tycho Brahe laid out, behdes his time and induftry, much
greater fums of money on inftruments than any man we ever
heard of. t Boyle.
The blood and treafure that’s laid out.
Is thrown away, and goes tor nought. Hudibras.
If yon can get a good tutor, you will never repent the
charge ; but will always have the fatisfaclion to think it the
money, of all other, the beft laid out. Locke.
1, m this venture, double gains purfue,
Aad laid out all my flock to purchale you* Dryden.
L A Y
My father never at a time like this
Would lay out his great foul hi words, and wafte
Such precious moments; Addifon's Catbl
A melancholy thing to fee the diforders of a houfhold that
is under,the condudl of ,an angry .{latelwoman, who lays out
all her thoughts upon the publick, and is only attentive tci
find out mifearriages in the miniftry. Addifon s Freeholder.
Whcri a man fpends his whole life among the ftars and
planets, or lays out a twelveTrnonth on the fpots in the fun*
however noble his {peculations may be, they are very apt
to fall into burlefque. Addifon on ancient Medals.
Nature lias laid out all her art in beautifying the face; fhi
has touched it with vermilion, planted in it a double row of
ivory, and made it tlie feat of {miles and blufhes. Addifon.
48. To Lay cut. To difplay; to difeover.
He was dangerous, and takes occafion to lay out bigotry^
and falfe confidence, in all its colours; Atterbury.
49. To Lay out. To difppfe ; to plan.
The garden is laid out into a grove for fruits, a vineyard,
and an allotment for olives and herbs. Notes on the Odyffey:
50. To Lay out. With the reciprocal pronoun, to exert; to
put forth. ,
No felfifh man will be concerned to lay out himfelf for
the good of his country. Smalridge.
51. To Lay to. To charge upon.
When we began, in courteous manner, to lay his urikindnefs unto him, he, feeing himfelf confronted by fo many,
like a refolute orator, went not to denial, but to juftify his
cruel falfhood. Sidney.
52. To Lay to. To apply with vigour.
We fhould now lay to our hands to root them up, and can¬
not tell for what. Oxford Reafons againjl the Covenant.
Let children be hired to lay to their bones.
From fallow as needeth, to gather up flones. Tujfer.
53. To Lay to. To harrafs; to attack.
The great mafter having a careful eye over every part of
the city, went himfelf unto the Englifh flation, which was
then hardly laid to by the Bafla Muftapha. Knolles.
Whilft he this; and that, and each man’s blow
Doth eye, defend, and fhift, being laid to fore ;
Backwards he bears. Daniel's Civil War.
54. To Lay together. To colleCl; to bring into one view.
If we lay all thefe things together, and confider the parts,
rife, and degrees of his fin, we fhall find that it was not
for nothing South's Sermons.
Many people apprehend danger for want of taking the true
^meafure of things, and laying matters rightly together. L'Ejlr.
My readers will be very well pieafed, to fee fo many ufeful hints upon this fubject laid together in fo clear and concife a manner. Addifon's Guardian, N°. 96.
One feries of confequences will not ferve the turn, bqt
many different and oppofite deductions muft be examined,
and laid together, before a man can come to make a right
judgment of the point in queftion. Locke\
55. To Lay under. To fubjeft to.
A Roman foul is bent on higher views;
To civilize the rude unpolifh’d world.
And lay it under the reftraint of laws; Addifon's Cato-.
56. To Lay up. To confine.
In the Eaft-Indies, the general remedy of all fubjedl to
the gout, is rubbing with hands till the motion raife a vio¬
lent heat about the joints : where it was chiefly ufed, no one
was ever troubled much, or laid up by that difeafe. Temple.
57. To Lay up. To {lore; to treafure.
St. Paul did will them of the church of Corinth, every
man to lay up fomewhat by him upon the Sunday, and to
referve it in ftore, till himfelf did come thither, to fend it
to the church of Jerufalem for relief of the poor there.
Hooker, b. iv. fedh. 134
Thofe things which at the firft are obfeure and hard, when
memory hath laid them up for a time, judgment afterwards
growing explaineth them. Hooker, b. v. feCt. 22*
That which remaineth over* lay up to be kept until the
morning. Exod. xvi. 23*
The king muft preferve the revenues of bis crown with¬
out diminution, and lay up treafure in ftore againft a. time
of extremity. Bacon's Advice to VilieYs.
Fathers are wont to lay up for their fons.
Thou for thy Ton art bent to lay out all. . Milton.
The whole was tilled* and the harveft: laid up in feveral
granaries; Temple.
I will lay up your words for you till time fhall ferve. Dryd.
This faculty of laying up, and retaining ideas, feveral other
animals have to a great degree, as well as man. Locke.
What right, what true, what fit, we juftly call,
Let this be all my care; ror this is all ;
To lay this harveft up, and hoard with hafte
What every day will want, and moft, the lafti Pope.
58. To Lay upon. To importune; to requeft with earneftnefs
and incelliintly. Obfolete.
All the people laid fo earneftly upon him to take that war
in
\
LAY L A Z
in hand, that they faid they would never bear arms more
agamft the Turks, if he omitted that occafion. Knolles.
10 Lay. v. n.
1. To bring eggs.
Hens will greedily eat the herb which will make them
lay the better. Mortimer'ss Hufbandry.
2. To contrive.
Which mov’d the king.
By all the apteft means could be procur’d.
To lay to draw him in by any train. Daniel's Civil War.
3- To Lay about. To ftrike on all Tides ; to aCl with great
diligence and vigour.
At once he wards and ftrikes, he takes and pays,
Now forc’d to yield, now forcing to invade.
Before, behind, and round about him lays. Fa. Queen.
And laid about in fight more bufily,
Than th’ Amazonian dame Penthefile. Hudibras.
In the late fuccefsful rebellion, how ftudioufly did they lay
about them, to call a flur upon the king. South's Sermons.
He provides elbow-room enough for his confcience to lay
about, and have its full play in. South's Sermons.
4. To Lay at. To ftrike; to endeavour to ftrike.
Fiercely the good man did at him lay,
The blade oft groaned under the blow. Spenfer's Pajloral.
The fword of him that layeth at him cannot hold. Job.
5. To Lay infor. To make overtures of oblique invitation.
I have laid in for thefe, by rebating the fatire, where juftice would allow it, from carrying too (harp an edge. Dryd.
6. To Lay on. To ftrike; to beat.
His heart laid on as if it try’d,
To force a paflage through his fide. Hudibras.
Anfwer, or anfwer not, ’tis all the fame.
He lays me on, and makes me bear the blame. Dryden.
7. To Lay on. To aCl with vehemence.
My father has made her miftrefs
Of the feaft, and fhe lays it on. Shakef Winter's Tale.
8. To Lay out. To take meafures.
Thofe ants knew foirie days after they had nothing to fear,
and began to lay out their corn in the fun. Addif. Guard.
I made ftriCl enquiry wherever I came, and laid out for in¬
telligence of all places, where the intrails of the earth were
laid open. Woodward.
Lay. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A row; a ftratum.
A viol fhould have a lay of wire-firings below, as clofe to
the belly as the lute, and then the firings of guts mounted
upon a bridge as in ordinary viols, that the upper firings
ftrucken might make the lower refound. Bacon.
Upon this they lay a layer of ftone, and upon that a lay
of wood. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
2. A wager.
It is efteemed an even lay, whether any man lives ten
years longer : I fuppofe it is the' fame, that one of any ten
might die within one year. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
Lay. n.f. [ley, leaj, Saxon yJey, Scottifh.] Graffy ground;
meadow ; ground unplowed, "and kept for cattle ; more fre¬
quently, and more properly, written lea.
A tuft of daifies on a flow’ry lay
They faw. Dryden's Flower and Leaf.
The plowing of layer is the firft plowing up of grafs ground
for corn. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Lay. n.f. [lay, French. It is faid originally to fignify far¬
row or complaint, and then to have been transferred to poems
written to exprefs forrow. It is derived by the French from
leffus, Latin, a funeral fong; but it is found likewife in the
Teutonick dialed: ley, leo^, Saxon; leey, Danifh.J A fong;
a poem.
To the maiden’s founding timbrels fung.
In well attuned notes, a joyous lay. Spenf. Fairy Queen.
Soon he flumber’d, fearing not be harm’d.
The whiles with a loud lay, fhe thus him fweetly charm’d.
Spenfer's Fairy Queen, b. ii.
This is a moft majeftick villon, and
Harmonious charming lays. Shakefpeare’s Tempefl.
Nor then the folemn nightingale
Ceas’d warbling, but all night tun’d her foft lays. Milton.
If Jove’s will
Have link’d that amorous power to thy foft lay,
Now timely ling. Milton.
He reach’d the nymph with his harmonious lay.
Whom all his charms could not incline to flay. Waller.
On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praife,
With uncouth dances, and with country lays. Dryd. Virg.
Ev’n gods incline their ravifh’d ears,
And tune their own harmonious fpheres
To his immortal lays. Dennis.
Lay. adj. [laicus, Latin; ANot clerical; regarding or
belonging to the people as diftinCl from the clergy.
All this they had by law, and none repin’d,
The prefrence was but due to Levi’s kind :
But when fome lay preferment fell by chance,
The Gourmands made it their inheritance. Dryden.
Lay perfons, married or unmarried, being dodors of the
civil law, may be chancellors, officials, (Ac. Ayliffe s Parerg.
It might well ftartle
Our lay unlearned faith. Rowe’s Ambitious Step Mother.
La'yer. n.f. [from lay.]
1. A ftratum, or row; a bed ; one body fpread over another.
A layer of rich mould beneath, and about this natural
earth to nourifh the fibres. Evelyn's Kalendar.
The terreftrial matter is difpofed into ftrata or layers,
placed one upon another, in like manner as any earthy fediment, fettling down from a flood in great quantity, will
naturally be. Woodward’s Natural FUJIory.
2. A fprig of a plant.
Many trees may be propagated by layers: this is to be
performed by flitting the branches a little way, and laying
them under the mould about half a foot; the ground fhould
be firft made very light, and, after they are laid, they fhould
have a little water given them : if they do not comply well
in the laying of them down, they muft be pegged down
with a hook or two ; and if they have taken fufficient root
by the next winter, they muft be cut off from the main
plants, and planted in the nurfery: fome twill the branch,
or bare the rind ; and if it be out of the reach of the ground,
they fallen a tub or bafket near the branch, which they fill
with good mould, and lay the branch in it. Miller.
Tranfplant alfo carnation feedlings, give your layers frefh
earth, and fet them in the fhade for a week. Evelyn's Kal.
3* A hen that lays eggs.
The oldeft are always reckoned the beft fitters, and the
youngeft the beft layers. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
La'yman. n.f [lay and man.]
1. One of the people diftinCl from the clergy.
Laymen will neither admonifh one another themfelves, nor
fuffer minifters to do it. Government of the Tongue.
Since a truft muft be, fhe thought it beft
To put it out of laymens pow’r at Jeaft, (
And for their folemn vows prepar’d a prieft. Dryden. >
Where can be the grievance, that an ecclefiaftical land¬
lord fhould expeCl a third part value for his lands, his title
as antient, and as legal, as that of a layman, who is feldom
guilty of giving fuch beneficial bargains. Swift.
2. An image.
You are to have a layman almoft as big as the life for
every figure in particular, befides the natural figure before
y°u- Dryden's Dufrefioy.
La'ystall. n.f. An heap of dung.
Scarce could he footing find in that foul way.
For many corfes, like a great lay-fall
Of murdered men, which therein ftrewed lay. Fa. Qu.
La'zar. n.f [from Lazarus in the gofpel.] One deformed
and naufeous with filthy and peftilential difeafes.
They ever after in moft wretched cafe.
Like loathfome lazars, by the hedges lay. Fairy Queen.
I’ll be fworn and fworn upon’t, fhe never fhrowded any
but lazars. Shakefpeare's Trail, and Creffida.
I am weary with drawing the deformities of life, and la¬
zars of the people, where every figure of imperfection more
refembles me. Dryden’s Aurengzebe.
Life he labours to refine
Daily, nor of his little flock denies
Fit alms, to lazars, merciful, and meek. Philips.
Lazar-house, ) n.f. [lazaret, French; lazzeretto, Italian;
Lazare tto. j from lazar,] A houfe for the reception of
the difeafed ; an hofpital.
A place
Before his eyes appear’d, fad, noifome, dark,
A lazar-houfe it feem’d, where were laid
Numbers of all difeas’d. Milton’s Paradife Loll, b. xL
La'zarwort. n.f. A plant. ,
La'zily. adv. [from lazy.] Idly; fiuggifhly; heavily.
Watch him at play, when following his own inclinations -
and fee whether he be ftimng and active, or whether he la¬
zily and liitlefly dreams away his time. Locke
The eaftern nations view the rifino- fires,
Whilft night fhades us, and lazily retires. Creech
Laziness, n.f. [from lazy.] Idlenefs; fluggifhnefs; heavinefs to aCtion. 00 *
,Thf i.n(t“ce ?f frau,d, Uaiuft, the unjuft fteward,
who pleaded that he could neither dig nor beg, would quick!
\y have been brought both to d,g and to beg too, rather than
My fortune you have refeued, not only from the power of
others, but from my own modefty and lazinefs. Drv/len
La'zing. adj. [from lazy.] Sluggifh ; idle. ’ }
I he hands and the feet mutinied againft the belly; thev
knew no reafon, why the one fhould be lazing, and nan/
penng itlclf with the fruit of the other’s labour. L'E/lran*e
I he fot cried, Utinam hoc effet laborare, while'he fav
lazing and lolling upon his couch. South's Sermons
La'zuei. n.f ’
The ground of this ftone is blue, veined and fpotted with
white,
LEA L E A
tyhite, and a glittering or mctallick yellow : it appears to bd
compoled of, firft, a white fparry, or cryftalline matter;
fecondly, flakes of the golden or yellow talc ; thirdly, a
{hilling yellow fubftance ; this fumes off in the calcination of
the ftone, and catts a fulphureous fmell ; fourthly, a bright
blue fubftance, of great ufe among the painters, under the
name of ultramarine'; and when rich, is found, upon trial,
to yield about one-fuxth of copper, with a very little filver.
IVlodward's Metallick FoJJils.
LA'ZY. ad}. [This word is derived by a correfpondent, with
great probability, from a I'aife, French ; but it is how¬
ever Teutonick: lijfer in Danifti, and lofigh in Dutch,
have the fame meaning; and Spelman gives this account of
the word : Dividebantur antiqui Saxones, ut teftatur Nithardus, in tres ordines; Edhilingos, Frilingos & Lazzos ; hoc
eft nobiles, ingenuos & ferviles : quam & nos diftindtionem
diu retinuimus. Sed Ricardo autem fecundo pars fervorum
maxima fe in libertatem vindicavit; fic ut hodie apud Anglos
rarior inveniatur fervus, qui mancipium dicitur. Reftat nihilominus antiquae appellationis commemoratio. Igriavos
enim hodie lazie dicimus.]
1, Idle; fluggifh; unwilling to work.
Our foldiers, like the night-owl’s lazy flight,
Or like a lazy thralher with a flail.
Fall gently down, as if they {truck their friends. Shakefp.
Wicked condemned men will ever live like rogues, and
not fall to work, but be lazy, and fpend victuals. Bacon.
Whofe lazy waters without motion lay. RoJcommon.
The lazy glutton fafe at home will keep,
Indulge his doth, and batten with his fleep. Dryden.
Like Eaftern kings a lazy ftate they keep.
And clofe confin’d in their own palace fleep. Pope.
What amazing flupidity is it, for men to be negligent of
falvation thetnfelves ? to fit down lazy and unadlive. Rogers.
2-. Slow ; tedious.
The ordinary method for recruiting their armies, was now
too dull and lazy an expedient torefift this torrent; Clarendon.
Ld. is a contraction of lord.
Lea. n.f. [ley, Saxon, a fallow; lea^, Saxori, a pafture.j
Ground inclofed, not open.
Greatly agaft with this pittious plea;
Him retted the good man on the lea. Spenf. Pajlorals.
Ceres, moft bounteous lady, thy rich leas
Of wheat, rye, barley, fetches, oats and peas. Shake/.
Her fallow leas
The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory
Doth root upon. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Dry up thy harrow’d veins, and plough-torn leas,
Whereof ingrateful man with liqu’rifh draughts,
And morfels undtuous, greafes his pure mind. Shakefp..
Such court guife.
As Mercury did firft devife.
With the mincing Dryades,
On the lawns, and on the leas. Milton.
LEAD. n.f. [laes, Saxon.]
i. Lead is the heavieft metal except gold ; for, though it is
confiderably lighter than quickfilver, as this wants mallea¬
bility, it ought not to be reckoned in the clafs of metals.
Lead is the fofteft of all the metals, and very dudtile, though
lefs fo tnan gold : it is very little fubjedt to ruft, and the leaft
fonorous of all the metals except gold. The fpecifick gra¬
vity oflead is to that of water as 11322 to 1000. Lead,
when kept in fufion over a common fire, throws up all other
bodies, except gold, that are mixed, all others being lighter,
except Mercury, which will not bear that degree of heat:
it afterwards vitrifies with the bafer metals, and carries them
off, in form of fcoriae, to the fides of the veffel. The
wcakeft acids are the beft folvents for lead: it diffolves very
readily in aqua fortis diluted with water, as alfo in vinegar.
Gold, or filver, or copper, become brittle on being mixed
with lead in fufion ; and, if lead and tin be melted together,
the tin is thrown up to the furface in little dufty globes.
Lead is found in various countries, but abounds particularly
in England, in feveral kinds of foils and ftones. The fmoke
of the lead works at Mendip in Somerfetfhire is a prodi¬
gious annoyance, and fubjects both the workmen, and the
cattle that graze about them, to a mortal difeafe; trees that
grow near them have their tops burnt, and their leaves and
outfides difcoloured and fcorched. Hill.
Thou art a foul in blifs, but I am bound
Upon a wheel of fire; that mine own tears
Do fcald like mplten lead. Skakefpeare's King Lear.
Of lead, fome I can {hew you fo like fteel, and fo unlike
common lead ore, that the workmen call it fteel ore. Boyle.
Lead is employed for the refining of gold and filver by the
cupel; hereof is made common cerul's with vinegar ; of ceruls, red lead; of plumbum uftum, the beft yellow ochre ;
of lead, and half as much tin, folder for lead. Grew,
2. [In the plural.] Plat roof to walk on.
Stalls, bulks, windows,
Are fmother’d up, leads fill’d, and ridges hors’d
With variable complexions; all agreeing
In earneftnefs to fee him. Shakefpeare's Coriolanm.
I would have the tower two ftories, and goodly leads upon
the top, railed with ftutues interpofed. ' Bacon.
To Lead. v. a. [from the noun.] To fit with lead in any
manner.
tie falhioneth the clay with his arm, he applieth himfejf
to lead it over; and he is diligent to make clean the fifinace. Eccluf xxxviii. 30*
There is a traverfe placed in a loft, at the right hand of
the chair, with a privy door, and a carved window of glali
leaded with gold and blue, where the mother fitteth. Bacon.
To Lead. v. a. preter. Iled. [lae&an, Saxon; leiden, Dutch;]
1. To guide by the hand.
There is a cliff, whofe high and bending head
Looks fearfully on the confined deep :
Bring me but to the very brim of it,
And I’ll repair the mifery, thou doft bear.
With fomething rich about me : from that place
I {hall no leading need. Shakefp. King Lear.
Doth not each on the fabbath loofe his ox or his afs from
the ftall, and lead him away to watering ? Luke xiii. 15.
They thruft him out of the city, and led him unto the
brow of the hill. Luke iv. 29.
2. To condudt to any place.
Save to every man his wife and children, that they may
lead them away, and depart. 1 Sam. xxx. 22.
Then brought he me out of the way, and led me about
the way without unto the utter gate. Ezek. xlvii. 3.
He maketh me to lie down in green paftures ; he leadeth
me befide the ftill waters. Pfal. xxiii. 2.
3. To condudt as head or commander.
Would you lead forth your army againft the enemy, and
feek him where he is to fight ? Spenfer on Ireland.
He turns head againft the lion’s armed jaws ;
And being no more in debt to years than thou.
Leads antient lords, and rev’rend bifhops, on
Fo bloody battles. Shakefpeare's Henry IV. p; i,
I wonder much,
Being men of fuch great leading as you are.
That you forefee not what impediments
Drag back our expedition. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. i.
If thou wilt have
The leading of thy own revenges, take
One half of my commiflion, and let down
As beft thou art experienc’d. Skakefpeare's Coriolanus.
He led me on to mlghtieft deeds,
Above the nerve of mortal arm,
Againft the uncircumcis’d, our enemies:
But now hath call me off. Milton's Agonijles.
Chrift took not upon him flefti and blood, that he might
conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or poffefs places. South.
He might mufter his family up, and lead them out againft
the Indians, to feek reparation upon any injury. Locke.
4. To introduce by going firft.
Which may go out before them, and which may go in be¬
fore them, and which may lead them out, and which may
bring them in. Numb, xxvin 17.
His guide, as faithful from that day.
As Hefperus that leads the fun his way. Fairfax, b. i.
5* To guide; to {how the method of attaining.
Human teftimony is not fo proper to lead us into the
knowledge of the eflence of things, as to acquaint *s with
the exiftence of things. Watts's Logick.
6. To draw; to entice; to aliure.
Appoint him a meeting, give him a fhew of Comfort, and
lead him on with a fine baited delay. Shakefpeare.
The lord Cottington, being a mafter of temper, knew
how to lead him into a miftake, and then drive him int#
choler, and then expofe him. Carendon.
7. To induce; to prevail on by pieafing motives.
What I did, I did in honour.
Led by th’ impartial condudt of my foul. Shakef, Hen. IV.
He was driven by the necefiities of the times, more than
led by his own difpofition, to any rigour of actions. K. Charles.
What I fay will have little influence on thole whofe ends
lead them to wifh the continuance of the war. Swift.
8. To pafs ; to fpend in ajiy certain manner.
The fweet woman leads an ill life with him. Shakefp.
So {halt thou lead
Safeft thy life, and beft prepar’d endure
Thy mortal paffage when it com’es; Milton's Par. Lojl.
Him, fair Lavinia, thy furviving wife
Shall breed in groves, to lead a folitary life. Dryden.
Luther’s life was led up to the doctrines he preached, and
his death was the death of the righteous. Fr. Atterbury.
Celibacy, as then pradtifed in the church of Rome, was
commonly forced, taken up under a bold vow, and led in all
uncleannefsi Francis Atterbury.
This diftemper is moft incident to fuch as lead a fedentary
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
To Lead. v. n.
1. To go firft, and fhow the way.
I will lead on foftly, according as the cattle that goeth
before me, and the children be able to endure. Gen. xxxiii.
»S F 2. To
LEA LEA
To conduct as a commander*
Cyrus was beaten and flain undef the leading of a woman,
whole wit and condudt made a great figure in antient ftory.
Temple.
3- To {hew the Way, by going firft.
He left his mother a coUntefs by patent, which was a new
leading example, grown before fomewhat rare, fince the days
of queen Mary. Wottot..
The way of maturing of tobacco tnuft be from the heat
of the earth or fun; we fee fome leading of this in mufkmelons fown upon a hot-bed dunged below. > Bacon.
The veffels heavy-laden put to fea
With profp’rous gales, and woman leads the way. Dryden.
Lead. n.f. [from the verb;] Guidance; firft place: a low
defpicable word.
Yorkfhire takes the lead of the other countries. Herring.
Leaden, adj. [leaaen, Saxon.]
I.Made of lead.
' This tiger-footed rage, when it {hall find
The harm of unfkann’d fwiftnefs, will, too late,
Tye leaden pounds to ’s heels. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
O murth’rous {lumber !
Lay’ft thou the leaden mace upon my boy,
That plays thee mufick. Shake/ Julius Ccsfar.
A leaden bullet {hot from one of thefe guns againft a ftone
Wall, the fpace of twenty-four paces from it, will be beaten
into a thin plate. Wilkins’s Mathematical Magick.
* 2. Heavy; unwilling; motionlefs.
If thou do’ft find him tracftable to us.
Encourage him, and tell him all our reafons :
If he be leaden, icy, cold, unwilling.
Be thoU fo too. Shakefpeare’s Rich. III.
3* Heavy; dull.
I’ll ftrive with troubled thoughts to take a nap ;
Left leaden {lumber poize me down to-morrow,
When I Ihould mount with wings of vidtory. Shake/p.
Leader, n.f [from lead.]
1. One that leads, or conducts.
2. Captain ; commander.
In my tent
I’ll draw the /orm and model of our battle.
Limit each leader to his feveral charge,
And part in juft proportion our fmall ftrength. Shakefp.
I have given him for a leader and commander to the
people. Ifa- 4*
Thofe who efcaped by flight excufed their dilhonour, not
without a {harp jeft againft fome of their leaders, affirming,
that, as they had followed them into the field, fo it was good
reafon they fhould follow them out. Hayward.
When our Lycians fee
Our brave examples, they admiring fay,
Behold our gallant leaders. Denham.
The brave leader of the Lycian crew. Dryden.
. One who goes firft.
Nay keep your way, little gallant; you were Wont to be a
follower now you are a leader. Shakefpeare.
4. One at the head of any party or fa&ion : as the deteftable
Wharton was the leader of the whigs.
The underftandings of a fenate are enflaved by three or four
leaders, fet to get or to keep employments. Swift.
Le'ading. participial adj. Principal.
In organized bodies, which are propagated by feed, the
fhape is the leading quality, and moft charadteriftical part,
that determines the lpecies. " _ Locke.
Miftakes arife from the influence of private perfons upon
great numbers {filed leading men and parties. Swift.
LeAding-strings. n.f [lead an&firing.] Strings by which
children, when they learn to walk, are held from falling.
Sound may ferve fuch, ere they to fenfe are grown,
Like leading-firings, ’till they can walk alone. Dryden.
Was he ever able to walk without leading-firings, or fwim
without bladders, without being difeovered by his hobbling
and his finking ? Swift.
Le'adman. n.f [lead and man.] One who begins or leads a
dance.
Such a light and mettl’d dance
Saw you never,
And by leadmen for the nonce,
That turn round like grindle ftones, Benj. Johnfon.
Le'adwort. n.f. [lead and wort.]
This flower conlifts of one leaf, which is fhaped like a
funnel, and cut into feveral fegments at the top, out of
whofe fiftulous flower-cup rifes the pointal, which afterward
becomes one oblong feed, for the moft part {harp-pointed,
which ripens in the flower-cup. Miller.
LEAF. n.f. leaves, plural, [leap, Saxon; leaf,, Dutch.]
i. The green deciduous parts of plants and flowers.
This is the ftate of man ; to-day he puts forth
* The tender leaves of hopes, to-morrow blofloms* Shake/.
A man {hall feldom fail of having cherries borne by his
®raft the fame year in wfijch his incifion is made, if his
graft have bloflom buds ; whereas if it were only leaf buds,
it will not bear fruit till the fecond fcafon. Boy e.
Thofe thing's which art removed to a diftant view, ought
to make but one mafs 5 as the leaves on the trees, and the
billows in the fea. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
2. A part of a book, containing two pages.
Happy ye leaves, when as thofe lilly hands
Shall handle you. Spenfer.
Perufe my leaves through ev’ry part;
And think thou feeft my owner’s heart
Scrawl’d o’er with trifles. Swift.
3. One fide of a double door.
The two leaves of the one door were folding. t Kings*
4. Any thing foliated, or thinly beaten.
Eleven ounces two pence fterling ought to be of fo pure
filver, as is called leaf filver, and then the melter muft add
of other weight feventeen pence halfpenny farthing. Camden.
Leaf gold, that flies in the air as light as down, is a*
truly gold as that in an ingot. Digby on Bodies.
To Leaf. v. n. [from the noun.] To bring leaves; to bear
leaves.
Moft trees fprout, and fall off the leaves at autumn ; and
if not kept back by cold, would leaf about the folftice.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. il.
Leafless, adj. [from leaf.] Naked of leaves.
Bare honefty without fome other adornment, being looked
on as a leafiefs tree, nobody will take himfelf to its fhelter.
Government of the Tongue.
Where doves in flocks the leafefs trees o’er {hade,
And lonely woodcocks haunt the wat’ry glade. Pope.
Le'afy. adj. [from leaf] Full of leaves.
The frauds of men were ever fo.
Since fummer was firft leafy. Shakefpeare.
What chance, good lady, hath bereft you thus ?
—Dim darknefs, and this leafy labyrinth. Milton.
O’er barren mountains, p’er the flow’ry plain,
The leafy foffcft, and the liquid main, v
Extends thy uncontroul’d and boundlefs reign. Dryd. J
Her leafy arms with fuch extent were fpread,
That holds of birds, that wing the liquid air.
Perch’d in the boughs. Dryden’s Flower and Leaf
So when fome fwelt’ring travellers retire
To leafy {hades, near the cool funlefs verge
Of Paraba, Brafilian ftfeam ; her tail
A grifly hydra fuddenly {hoots forth. Philips.
League.- n.f [ligue, French; ligo, Latin*]
I. A confederacy; a combination.
You peers, continue this united league :
I every day expert an embaffage
From my Redeemer, to redeem me hence.
And now in peace my foul {hall part to heaven,
Since I have made my friends at peace on earth. Shakefp.
We come to be informed by yourfelves,
What the conditions of that league muft be. Shakefp»
Thou {halt be in league with the ftones of the field ; and
the beafts of the field {hall be at peace with thee. Job v. 23.
Go break thy league with Baalha, that he may depart from
me* 2 Chron. xvi. 3*
It is a great error, and a narrownefs of mind, to think,
that nations have nothing to do one with another, except
there be either an union in fovereignty, or a conjunction in
pacts or leagues : there are other bands of fociety and implicit
confederations. Bacon’s Holy War.
I, a private perfon, whom my country
As a league breaker gave up bound, prefum’d
Single rebellion, and did hoftile acts. Milton’s Agoniffes.
Oh Tyrians, with immortal hate
Purfue this race : let there be
’1 wixt us and them no league nor amity. Denham.
To League, v.n. To unite; to confederate.
Where fraud and fallhood invade fociety, the band prefently breaks, and men are put to a lofs where to league and
to fallen their dependances. South’s Sermons.
League, n.f [lieu'e, French.]
1. A league; leuca, Latin; from lech, Welfh; a ftone that
was ufed to be erected at the end of every league. Camden.
2. A meafure of length, containing three 'miles.
Ere the ftu’ps could meet by twice five leagues,
We were encount’red by a mighty rock. Shakefpeare.
Ev n Italy, though many a league remote.
In diftant echo’s anlwer’d. Addifon<
Le'agued. adj. [from league.] Confedetated. *
And now thus leagu’d by an eternal bond,
What {hall retard the Britons bold defigns. Philips.
Le'aguer. n.f [beleggeren, Dutch.] Siege; inveftment of a
town.
We will bind and hoodwink him fo, that he {hall fuppofe
no other but that he is carried into the leaguer of the adverlaries, when we bring him to our own teiits. Sh.ikefpeare<
LEAKt n.f. [leek, leke, Dutch.] A breach or hole which lets
in water.
There will be always evils, which no art of mart can
cure; breaches and leaks more than man’s wit hath hands
to ftop. Hooker»•
Th*
LEA LEA
The water rufhcs in, 3s it cloth ufually in the leak of a
j^jp Wilkins’s Mathematical Magick.
Whether fhe fprung a leak I cannot find,
Or whether (he was over fet with wind*
Or that Tome rock below her bottom rent,
But down at once with all her crew fhe went. Dryden.
To Leak. v. n\
1. To let water :n or out.
They will allow us ne’er a jordan, and then we leak in your
chimney. Shakefpeare.
The water, which will perhaps by degrees leak into feveral
parts, may be emptied out again. Wilkins's Math. Magick.
His feet fhould be wafhed every day in cold water ; and
have his fhoes lb thin, that they might leak, and let in
water. Locke.
2. To drop through a breach.
Golden liars hung o’er their heads,
And Teemed To crowded, that they burft upon ’em,
And dart at once their baleful influence
In leaking fire. Dryden’s and Lee's Oedipus.
Le'akage. n.f [from leak.] Allowance made for accidental
lofs in liquid meafures.
Le'aky. adj. [from leak.]
1. Battered or pierced, fo as to let water irt or out;
Thou’rt fo leaky,
That we muft leave thee to thy finking; for
Thy deareft quit thee. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
If you have not enjoy’d what youth could give,
But life funk through you like a leaky fieve,
Accufe yourfelf, you liv’d not while you might. Dryden.
2. Loquacious ; not clofe.
Women are fo leaky, that I have hardly met with one
that could not hold her breath longer than file could keep a
fecret. L'EJlrange.
To Le an. v. n. peter, leaned or leant. [Jjlinan, Saxon; lenen,
Dutch.]
1. To incline againft; to reft againft.
Lean thine aged back againft mine arm,
And in that cafe I’ll tell thee my difeafe. Shakefpeare;
Security is exprefled among the medals of Gordianus, by a
lady leaning againft a pillar, a feepter in her hand, before
an altar. Peachafn on Drawing'.
The columns may be allowed fomewhat above their ordi¬
nary length, becaufe they lean unto fo good fupporters. Wott.
Upon his iv’ry feeptre firft he leant,
Then fhook his head, that fhook the firmament. Dryden.
Opprefs’d with anguifh, panting and o’erfpeht,
His fainting limbs againft an oak he leant. Dryden's JEn.
If he be angry, all our other dependencies will profit us no¬
thing; every other fupport will fail under tis when we come
to lean upon it, and deceive us in the day when we want it
moft. Rogers’s Sermons.
Then leaning o’er the rails he mufing flood. Gay.
Mid the central depth of black’ning woods.
High rais’d in folemh theatre around
Leans the huge elephant. Thomfon’s Summer.
2. To propend ; to tend towards.
They delight rather to lean to their old cuftoms, though
they be more unjuft, and more inconvenient. Spenfer.
Truft in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto
thine own underflanding. Prov. iii. 5*
A defire leaning to either fide, biafles the judgment ftrange-
]y. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
3. To be in a bending pofture.
She leans me out at her miftrefs’s chamber window, bids
me a thoufand times good night. Shakefpeare.
Wearied with length of ways, and worn with toil.
She laid her down ; and leaning on her knees.
Invok’d the caufe of all her miferies. Dryden*
The gods came downward to behold the wars,
Sharp’ning their fights, and leaning from their ftars. Dryd.
Lean. adj. [plaene, Saxon.]
1.Not fat; meagre; wanting flefh; bare-bonedi
You tempt the fury of my three attendants,
Lean famine, quartering fteel, and climbing fire. Shakefp.
Lean raw-bon’d rafeals ! who would e’er fuppofe,
They had fuch courage and audacity ! Shakefpeare.
Lean look’d prophets whifper fearful change. Shakef.
I would invent as bitter fearching terms,
With full as many figns of deadly hate.
As lean-fac’d envy in her loathfome cave* Shakefpeare.
Seven other kine came up out of the river, ill-favoured
and /(ftftt-flcfhed. Gen. xli. 3.
Let a phyfician beware how he purge after hard frofty wea¬
ther, and in a lean body, without preparation. Bacon.
And fetch their precepts from the cynic tub,
Praifing the lean, and fallow, abftinence. Alilton.
Swear that Adraftus, and the lean-\ook’d prophet.
Are joint confpirators. Dryd. and Lee’s Oedipus.
Lean people often fufter for want of fat, as fat people may
by obftru&ion of the veflels. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
No laughing graces wanton in my eyes ;
But hagger’d grief, lean looking fallow care, I
Dwell on my brow. Rowe’s Jane Short.
2. Not uiuSluous ; thin; huhgry.
There are two chief kinds of terrefttial liquors, thofe that
are fat and light, and thofe that are lean and more earthy,
like common water. Burnet’s Theory of the Earths
3. Low ; poor ; in oppofition to great or rich.
That which combin’d us was moft great, and let not
A leaner action rend us. Shakef. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Lean. n.f. That part of flefh which confifts of the mufcle
without the fat.
With razors keen we cut our paflage clearl
Through rills of fat, and deluges of lean. Farquhar.
Le'anly. adv. [from lean.] Meagerly ; without plumpnefs,
Le'anness. n.f [from lean.]
1. Extenuation of body ; want of flefh ; meagrenefs.
If thy leannefs loves fuch food,
There are thofe, that, for thy fake,
Do enough. Benj. Johnfon’s Forefl\
The fymptoms of too great fluidity are excefs of univerfal
fecretions, as of perfpiration, fweat, urine, liquid dejedlures,
leannefs, and weaknefs. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Want of bulk.
The poor king Reignier, whofe large flyle
Agrees not with the leannefs of his purfe. Shakefpeare.
To Leap. v. n. [Jdeapan, Saxon; loup, Scottifh.]
!• ^ 0 jump ; to move upward or progreflively without change
of the feet.
If I could win a lady at leap-frog, or by vaulting into my
faddle with my armour on, I fhould quickly leap into a
wife. Shakefpeare’s Henry V.
A man leapeth better with weights in his hands than with¬
out ; for that the weight, if it be proportionable, ftrengtheneth the finews by contradling them. In leaping with
weights the arms are firft call backwards and then forwards
with fo much the greater force; for the hands go backward
before they take their rife. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl,
In a narrow pit
He faw a lion, and leap’d down to it. Cowley’s Davideis.
Thrice from the ground fhe leap’d, was feen to wield
Her brandifh’d lance. Dryden’s JEn.
2. To rufh with vehemence;
God changed the fpirit of the king into mildnefs, who in
a fear leaped from his throne, and took her in his arms, till
. fhe came to herfelf again. Ejlh. xv; 8.
After he went into the tent, and found her not, he leaped
Out to the people. Judith x’ivi 17.
He ruin upon ruin heaps.
And on me, like a furious giant, leaps. Sandys.
Strait leaping from his horfe he rais’d me up; Rowe.
3. To bound; to fpring.
Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy. Luke vi. 23.
* I am warm’d, my heart
Leaps at the trumpet’s voice, and burns for glory. Addifon.
4. To fly; to ftart.
He parted frowning from me, as if ruin
Leap'd from his eyes : fo looks the chafed lion
Upon the daring huntfman that has gall’d him ;
Then makes him nothing. Shakef. Henry VIII.
Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and fparks of fire leap
out. Job xli. 19.
To Leap. v. a.
1. To pafs over, or into, by leaping.
Every man is not of a conflitution to leap a gulf for the
faving of his country. L'EJlrange.
As one condemn’d to leap a precipice,
Who fees before his eyes the depth below,
Stops fhort. Dryden s Spanifh Friar.
She dares purfue, if they dare lead:
As their example ftill prevails,
She tempts the ftream, or leaps the pales. Prior.
2. To comprefs ; as beafts.
Too foon they muft not feel the fling of love t
Let him not leap the cow. Dryden's Georg.
Leap, n.f [from the verb;]
1. Bound; jump; a£t of leaping. -
2. Space palled by leaping.
After they have carried their riders fafe over all leaps, and
through all dangers, what comes of them in the end but to
be broken-winded; L'EJlrange.
3. Sudden tranfitiom
Wickednefs comes on by degrees, as well as virtue ; and
fudden leaps from one extreme to another are unnatural.
L’EJlrange's Fables.
The commons wrefted even the power of chuling a king
intirely out of the hands of the nobles ; which was lb great
a leap, and caufed luch a convulfion in the Hate, that the
conflitution could not bean SiviJ't.
4. An aflault of an animal of prey.
I he cat mads, a leap at the moufe. L’EJlrange.
5. Embrace of animals.
How fhe cheats her bellowing lovers eye ;
1 he ruihing leap, the doubtful progeny. Dryden's Ain.
b Hazard,
LEA L E A
6k Hazard, or effedl of leaping.
Methinks, it were an eafy leap
To pluck bright honour from the pale-fac’d moon. Shak.
You take a precipice for no leap of danger.
And woo your own deftrudfion. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Behold that dreadful downfal of a rock,
Where yon old fifher views the waves from high !
5 Fis the convenient leap I mean to try. Dryd. Theocritus.
Leap-frog. n. f. [leap and frog.] A play of children, in
which they imitate the jump of frogs. ,
If I could win a lady at leap-frog, I Ihould quickly leap
into a wife. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Leap-year, n.f
Leap-year or biflextile is every fourth year, and fo called from
leaping a day more that year than in a common year.;
fo that the common year hath 365 days, but the leap-year
366 ; and then February hath 29 days, which in common
years hath but 28. To find the leap-year you have this
rule
Divide by 4 ; what’s left fhall be
For leap-year o ; for paft 1, 2, 3. Harris.
That theTun confifteth of 365 days and almoft fix hours,
wanting eleven minutes; which fix hours omitted will, in
pfocefs of time, largely deprave the compute; and this is
the occafion of the biflextile or leap-year. Brown's Vulg. Err.
To LEARN. v. a. [leopman, Saxon.]
1. To gain the knowledge or Ikill of.
Learn a parable of the fig-tree. Mat. xxiv. 32.
He, in a fhorter time than was thought polfible, learned
both to fpeak and write the Arabian tongue. Knolles.
Learn, wretches ! learn the motions of the mind.
And the great moral end of humankind. Dryd. Perfus.
You may rely upon my tender care,
To keep him far from perils of ambition :
All he can learn of me, will be to weep I A. Philips.
2. To teach. [It is obfervable, that in many of the European
languages the fame word fignifies to learn and . to teach; to
gain or impart knowledge.]
He would learn
The lion ftoop to him in lowly-wife,
A leffon hard. Spenfers Fairy ueen, b. i.
You taught me language, and my profit on’t
Is, I know not how to curfe : the red plague rid you.
For learning me your language. Shakefp. Terrtpejl.
A thoufand more mifchances than this one.
Have team'd me how to brook this patiently. Shakef
Haft thou not team'd me how
To make perfumes ? Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Ye might learn in us not to think of men above that which
is written. j Cor. iv. 6.
To Learn, v. n. To take pattern.
Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me ; for I am meek
and lowly. Mat. xi. 29.
In imitation of founds, that man fhould be the teacher is
no part of the matter; for birds will learn one of another.
Bacon’s Natural Hiflory, N°. 237,
Learned, adj. [from learn.']
1. Verfed in feience and literature.
It is indifferent to the matter in hand, which way the
learned fhall determine of it. Locke.
Some by old words to fame have made pretence;
Such labour’d nothings, in fo ftrange a ftyle.
Amaze th’ unlearn’d, and make the learned fmile. Pope.
The learned met with free approach,
Although they came not in a coach. Swift.
The beft account is given of them by their own authors :
but I truft more to the table of the learned bifhop of Bath.
Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. Skilled; fkilful; knowing.
Though train’d in arms, and team'd in martial arts.
Thou chufeft not to conquer men but hearts. Granville.
3. Skilled in fcholaftick knowledge.
Till a man can judge whether they be truths or no, his
underftanding is but little improved; and thus men of much
reading are greatly learned, but may be little knowing. Locke.
Learnedly, adv. [from learned.] With knowledge; with
(kill. 4
Much
He fpoke, and learnedly, for life; but all
Was either pitied in him, or forgotten. Shakef. H. VIII.
The apoftle feemed in his eyes but learnedly mad. Hooker.
Ev’ry coxcomb fwears as learnedly as they. Swift.
Learning, n.f. [from learn.]
1. Literature; ikill in languages or fciences ; generally fcho¬
laftick knowledge.
Learning hath its infancy, when it is almoft childifh;
then its youth, when luxuriant and juvenile ; then its ftrength
of years, when lolid; and, laftly, its old age, when dry and
exhauft. _ Bacon's Efays.
To tongue or pudding thou haft no pretence,
Learning thy talent is, but mine is fenfe. Prior.
As Moles was learned in all the wifdom of the Egyptians,
fb it is manifeft from this chapter, that St. Paul was a greaf
mafter in all the learning of the Greeks. Bentley s Sermons.
2. Skill in any thing good or bad.
An art of contradiction by way of fcorn, a learning where¬
with we were long fithence forewarned, that the miferablc
times whereunto we are fallen fhould abound. Hooker.
Le'arner. n.f. [from learn.] One who is yet in his rudi¬
ments; one who is acquiring Tome new art or knowledge.
The late learners cannot fo well take the ply, except it be
in fome minds that have not fuffered themfelves to fix. Bacon.
Nor can a learner work fo cheap as a fkilful pradtifed artift
Can. Graunt's Bills of Morta'ity.
LEASE, n.f. [laiffer, French. Spelman.]
1. A contradf by which, in confideration of fome payment, a
temporary poffeffion is granted of houfes or lands.
Why, coufin, wer’t thou regent of the world.
It were a fhame to let this land by leafe. Shakefpeare.
Lords of the world have but for life their leafe,
And that too, if the leffor pleafe, muft ceafe. Denham*
I have heard a man talk with contempt of bifhops leafes,
as on a worfe foot than the reft of his eftate. Swift.
2. Any tenure.
Our high-plac’d Macbeth
Shall live the leafe of nature. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Thou to give the world increafe,
Short’ned haft thy own life’s leafe. Milton.
To Lease, v. a. [from the noun.] To let by leafe.
Where the vicar leafes his glebe, the tenant muft pay the
great tithes to the reCtor or impropriator, and the fmall tithes
to the vicar. Ayliffe's Parergon. -
To Lease, v. n. [lefen, Dutch.] To glean; to gather what
the harveft men leave.
She in harveft us’d to leafe ;
But harveft done, to chare-work did afpire,
Meat, drink, and two-pence, was her daily hire. Dryden.
Le’aser. n.f. [from leafe.] Gleaner; gatherer after the reaper.
There was no office which a man from England might
not have; and I looked upon all who were born here as
only in the condition of leafers and gleaners. Swift.
LEASH, n.f. [leffe, French; letfe, Dutch ; laccio, Italian.] A
leather thong, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a
courfer leads his greyhound. Hanmer*
Holding Corioli in the name of Rome,
Even like a fawning greyhound in the leaf).
To let him flip at will. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
What I was, I am;
More ftraining on, for plucking back ; not following
My leajh unwillingly. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
The ravifhed foul being fhewn fuch game, would break
thofe leajhes that tie her to the body. Boyle»
2. A tierce; three.
I am fworn brother to a leaf) of drawers, and can call
them all by their Chriftian names. Shakef. Henry IV.
Some thought when he did gabble
Th’ad heard three labourers of Babel,
Or Cerberus himfelf pronounce
A leaf) of languages at once. Hudibras, p. i.
3. A band wherewith to tie any thing in general.
Thou art a living comedy; they are a leaf) of dull de¬
vils. Dennis's Letters.
To Leash, v. a. [from the noun.] To bind; to hold in a
ftring.
Then fhould the warlike Harry, like himfelf,
Afliime the port of Mars ; and, at his heels,
Leajht in like hounds, fhould famine, fword, and fire.
Crouch for employment. Shakef. Henry V.
Le'asing. n.f. [leaye, Saxon.] Lies; falfhood.
O ye fons of men, how long will ye have fuch pleafure in
vanity, and feek after leafing ? Pfal. iv. 2.
He ’mongft ladies would their fortunes read
Out of their hands, and merry leafngs tell. Hub. Tale.
He hates foul leafngs and vile flattery.
Two filthy blots in noble gentery. Hubbard's Tale.
That falfe pilgrim which that leafing told,
Was indeed old Archimago. Spenf. Fairy ffuecn.
I have ever narrified my friends
With all the fize that verity
Would without lapfing fuller : nay, fometimes.
Like to a bowl upon a fubtle ground 1
I’ve tumbl’d paft the throw; and in his praife
Have almoft ftampt the leafing. Shakef. Coriolanus,
As folks, quoth Richard, prone to leafing,
Say things at firft, becaufe they’re plealing ;
Then prove what they have once aflerted,
Nor care to have their lie deferted ;
Till their own dreams at length deceive them,
And oft repeating they believe them. Prior.
Trading free fhall thrive again.
Nor leafngs leud affright the fiwain. Gay's Paforals.
Least, adj. the fuperiative of little, [laeyt, Saxon. This word
Wallis would perfuade us to write lef, that it may be
analogous
LEA L E A
'analogous to bfi i but furely the profit is not worth the
chnnge 1 Little beyond others ; fmallcit. _
T am" not worthy of the leaji of all the mercies (hewed to
. Gen. xxxii. 10.
1 Vman can no more have a pofitive idea of the greateft
than he has of the leaji fpace. > Locke.^
Least* odv. In the lowed degree ; in a ddgrec below others ,
>els than any other way.
He refolv’d to wave his fuit,
Or for a while play leaji in fight. Hudibras, p. u
Ev’n that avert; I chufe it not;
But tafte it as the leaji unhappy lot. Dryd. Knight s Tale.
No man more truly knows to place a right va ue on your
frtendfhip, than he who leaji deferves it on all other accounts
than his due fenfe of it. PoPe s Lett‘r5'
a T cA<T 1 To fay no more; not to demand or afhrm
At Leastwise. \ more than is barely fufficient at the lowed
de§Upeon the mad they faw a young man, at leaji if he were
a man, who fate as on horfeback. _ S,d^J
Every effeft doth after a fort contain, at leafwife referable,
the caufe from which it proceeded. Hooker, b. i.
The remedies, if any, are to be propofed from a conftant
courfe of the milken diet, continued at leaji a year. Temple.
A fiend may deceive a creature of more excellency than
himfelf, at leaji by the tacit permillion of the ommfcient
Dryden s Dedication to Juvenal.
Tet ufeful obfervations be at leaji fome part of the fubje<ft
of your converfation. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Te'asy. add. [This word feems formed from the fame root
with loifir, French, or loofe.) FIimfy ; of weak texture.
He never leaveth, while the lenfe ltfelf-be left loofe and
. r Afcham s Schoolmajter.
Leather, n.f [leSeji, Saxon; Ieadr, Erfe.J
8. Dreffed hides of animals.
He was a hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about
Joins 2 Kings i. b.
The fhepherd’s homely curds.
His cold thin drink out of his leather bottle ;
Is far beyond a prince’s delicates. Shakef. Henry V1.
And if two boots keep out the weather.
What need you have two hides of leather. Prior.
2. Skin; ironically.
Returning found in limb and wind,
Except fome leather lod behind. Swift.
Le'athercoat. n.f. [leather and coat.] An apple with a
tough rind. „ Tu
There is a difh of leathercoats for you. shake]. ti. IV.
Le'atherdressek. n.f. [leather and drejfer.] He who dreffes
^HeTremoved to Cumae ; and by the way was entertained
at the houfe of one Tychius, a leather-drejfer. Pope.
Leather-mouthed, adj. [leather and mouth.]
By a leather-mouthed fifh, I mean fuch as have their teeth
in their throat; as, the chub or cheven. Walton's Angler.
Le'athery. adj. [from leather.] Refembling leather.
Wormius calls this cruft a leathery (kin. Grew's Mufeeum.
Le'athern. adj. [from leather.] Made of leather.
I faw her hand ; (he has a leathern hand, .
A free-ftone colour’d hand: I verily did think
That her old gloves were on. Shakefp. As you like it.
The wretched animal heav’d forth fuch groans,
That their difeharge did ftretch his leathern coat
Almoft to burfting. _ Shakef. As you like it.
In filken or in leathern purfe retain
A fplendid (hilling. Philips.
Le'atherseller. n.f. [leather and feller.] He who deals in
leather, and vends it.
Leave, n. f. [leape, Saxon ; from lypan, to grant;J
1. Grant of liberty ; permiflion ; allowance.
By your leave, Ireneus, notwithftanding all this your care¬
ful forefight, methinks 1 fee an evil lurk unefpied. Spenfer.
When him his deareft Una did behold,
Difdaining life, defiring leave to dye. Spenfer.
I make bold to prefs upon you.
__You’re welcome ; give us leave, drawer. Shtikefpearc.
The days
Of Sylla’s fway, when the free fword took leave
To aeft all that it would. Bcnj. Johnfon's Catalina
Thrice happy fnake ! that in her (leeve
May boldly creep, we dare not give
Our thoughts fo unconfin’d a leave. Wallen
No friend has leave to bear away the dead. Drydent
Offended that we fought without his leave,
He takes this time his fecret hate to (hew. Dryden.
One thing more I crave leave to offer about fyllogifm, be¬
fore I leave it. Locke.
I muft have leave to be grateful to any who ferves me, let
him be never fo obnoxious to any party: nor did the tory
party put me to the hardlhip ot afleing this leave. Pope.
2. Farewel; adieu. . c, ,
Take leave and part, for you muft part forthwith, Shak.
Evils that take leave,
On their departure, moft of all (hew evil. Shake]
There is further compliment ofleave taking between France
and him. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Here my father comes ;
A double blefling is a double grace;
Occafion fmiles upon a fecond leave. Shakefp. Hamlet.
But my dear nothings, take your leave,
No longer muft you me deceive. Suckling.
Many ftars may be vifible in our hemifphere, that are
nbt fo at prefent; and many which are at prefent (hall take
leave of our horizon; and appear unto fouthern habitations.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 13.
To Leave, v. a. pret. Ilift-, I have left. [Of the derivation
of this word the etymologifts give no fatisfaiftory account J
1. To quit; to forfake.
A man (hall leave his father and his mother, and cleave to
his wife. Gen. ii. 24.
When they were departed from him, they left him in great
difeafes; 2 Chron. xxiv. 25.
If they love lees; and leave the lufty wine,
Envy them not their palates with the fwine. B: Jdhnfon.
2. To defert; to abandon.
He that is of an unthankful mind, will leave him in danger
that delivered him. Eccluf xxix. 17.
3. To have remaining at death.
There be of them that have left a name behind them.
Eccluf xliv. 8.
4. Not to deprive of.
They (till have left me the providence of God, and all the
promifes of the gofpel, and my charity to them too, Taylor.
5. To fuffer to remain.
If it be done without order, the mind comprehendeth lefs
that which is fet down; and befides, it leaveth a fufpicion,
as if more might be Laid than is exprefled. Bacon.
Thefe things muft be left uncertain to farther difeoveries
in future ages.. > Abbot's Defcription of the World.
Who thofe are, to whom this right by delcent belongs;
he leaves out of the reach of any one to difeover from his
writings. Locke.
6. Not to carry away.
They encamped againft them, and deftroyed the increale
of the earth, and left no fuftenance for Ifrael. Jttdg. vk 4/
He (hall eat the fruit of thy cattle ; which alfo (hall not
leave thee either corn, wine, or oil. Deut. xxviii. 48;
Vaftius gave ftri<ft commandment, that they (hould leave
behind them unneceflary baggage. Knolles's Hijiory.
7. To fix as a token or remembrance;
This I leave with my reader, as an occafion for him to
confider, how much he may be beholden to experience. Locke.
8. To bequeath; to give as inheritance.
That peace thou leav'Ji to thy imperial line,
That peace, Oh happy (hade,- be ever thine. Drydetii
9. To give up ; to refign.
Thou (halt not glean thy vineyard; thou (halt leave them
for the poor and ftranger. Lev. xix. iO.
If a wife man were left to himfelf, and his own choice,
to wifh the greateft good to himfelf he could devife ; the fum
of all his wilhes would be this, That there were juft fuch a
being as God is. . Tillotfon, Sertn. 1.
10. To permit without interpofition.
Whether Efau were a vaflal, I leave the reader to judge.
Locke.
11. Toceafetodo; to deiift from.
Let us return, left my father leave caring for the afles, and
take thought for us. 1 Sam. ix. 5,
12. To Leave of. To deiift from; to forbear.
If, upon any occafion, you bid him leave off the doing of
any Thing, you muft be fure to carry the point.. Locke.
In proportion as old age came on, he left off fox-hunting.
Addifon's Spectator, N°. J15.
17. To Leave off. To forfake.
He began to leave off fome of his old acquaintance, his
roaring and bullying about the ftreets : he put on a ferious
ajr> Arbuthnot's Hifory of John Bull,
14. T1 Leave out. To omit; to negleft.
My good Camillo ;
I am fo fraught with curious bufinefs, that
. I leave out ceremony: Shakefp. Winter's Tale,
Shun they to treat with me too ?
No good lady,
You may partake: I have told ’em who you are.
I (hould be loth to be left out, ahd here too. Ben. Johnfon.
What is fet down by order and divifion doth demonftrate,
that nothing is left out or omitted, but all is there. Bacon.
Befriend till utmoft end
Of all thy dues be done, and none left outy
Ere nice morn on the Indian deep
From her cabin’d loop-hole peep. Milton.
We afk, if thofe fubvert
Reafon’s eftablifh’d maxims, who aflert
That we the world’s exiftence may conceive,
Though we one atom cut of matter leave. Blackmore.
15 G I always
L E C
v J always tho'ught this paffagfe left out with a great deal of
Judgment, by 1 ucca and Varius, as it fcems to contradict a
_ pait in the fixth AEneid. Addifon on Italy.
I o Leave, v. n.
*• To ceafe; to defift.
She is my effence, and I leave to be, '
If I be not by her fair influence
bofter’d, illumin’d, cherifh’d, kept alive. Sbakefpeare.
And fince this bufinefs fo far fair is done,
Let us not leave till all our own be won. Shakef H. IV.
He began at the eldeft, and left at the youngeft. Genef.
To Leave of. To defift.
Grittus, hoping that they in the caftle would not hold out,
left off to batter or undermine it, wherewith he perceived he
little prevailed. Knolles's Hijl. ofthe Turks.
But when you find that vigorous heat abate,
Leave off\ and for another fummons wait. Rofcommon.
3. To Leave off. To flop.
Wrongs do not leave off there where they begin,
But ftill beget new mifchiefs in their courfe. Daniel.
To Leave, v. a. [from levy, lever, French.] To levy; to
raife : a corrupt word, made, I believe, by Spenfer, for a
rhyme.
An army ftrong fhe leav'd,
To war on thofe which him had of his realm bereav’d.
Spenfer's Fairy jpueen, b. ii.
Le'aved. adj. [from leaves, of leaf]
1. Furnifhed with foliage.
2. Made with leaves or folds.
I will loofe the loins of kings, to open before him the
two leaved gates. Ifa. xlv. 1.
IvE'AVEN. n.f [levain, French; levare, Latin.]
I.Ferment mixed with any body to make it light; particularly
ufed of four dough mixed in a mafs of bread.
It fhall not be baken with leaven. Lev. vi. 17.
All fermented meats and drinks are eafilieft digefted ; and
thofe unfermented, by barm orleaven, are hardly digefted. Floyer.
t. Any mixture which makes a general change in the mafs.
Many of their propofitions favour very ftrong of the old
leaven of innovations. King Charles.
To Le'aven. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To ferment by fomething mixed.
You muft tarry the leav'ning. Shakef Trail, and Creffida.
Whofoever eateth leavened bread, that foul fhall be cut
off. Exod. xii. 17.
Breads we have of feveral grains, with divers kinds of
leavenings, and feafonings; fo that fome do extremely move
appetites. Bacon's Atlantis.
2. To taint; to imbue.
That cruel fomething unpoffeft,
Corrodes and leavens all the reft. Prior.
Le'aver. n.f. [leave.] One who deferts or forfakes.
ILet the world rank me in regifter
A mafter-leaver, and a fugitive. Skakefpeare.
Leaves, n.f. The plural of leaf.
Parts fit for the nourifhment of man in plants are, feeds,
roots, and fruits; for leaves they give no nourifhment at all.
Bacon's Natural HiJlory.
Le'avings. n.f. [from leave.] Remnant; relicks; offal: it
has no fingular.
My father has this morning call’d together.
To this poor hall, his little Roman fenate.
The leavings of Pharfalia. Addifon's Cato.
Then who can think we’ll quit the place.
Or flop and light at Cloe’s head,
With feraps and leavings to be fed. Swift.
Le'avy. adj. [from leaf.] Full of leaves ; covered with leaves.
Strephon, with leavy twigs of laurel tree,
A garland made on temples for to wear,
For he then chofen was the dignity ,
Of village lord that Whitfontide to bear. Sidney.
Now, near enough : your leavy fereens throw down.
And fhow like thofe you are. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
To Lech. v. a. [lecher, French.] To lick over. Hanmer.
Plaft thou yet leched the Athenian’s eyes
With the love juice. Shakefp. Midfnmmer Night's Dream.
LE'CHER. n.f. [Derived by Skinner from luxure, old French :
' luxuria is ufed in the middle ages in the fame fenfe.] A whoremafter.
I will now take the leacher ; he’s at my houfe; he cannot
’fcape me. • Shakef. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
You, like a letcher, out of whorifh loins
Are pleas’d to breed out your inheritors. Sbakefpcarc.
The lecher foon transforms his miftrefs; now
In Io’s place appears a lovely cow. Dryden.
The fleepy leacher fhuts his little eyes,
About his churning chaps the frothy bubbles rife. Dryden.
She yields her charms
To that fair letcher, the ftrong god of arms. Pope's Odyf.
To Le'CHER. v. n. [from the noun.] To whore.
Die for adultery ? no. 'Fhe wren goes to’t, and the fmall
gilded fly does letcher in my fight. Shakefp. King Lear.
j . LEE
Gut eats all day, and leichers ill the night. B. johnfon.
Lec'herous. adj. [from lecher.] Leud ; lufiful.
The fapphire fhould grow foul, and lofe its beauty, when
Worn by one that is lecherous; the emerald fliould fly to
pieces, if it touch the fkin of any unchafte perfon. Derham.
Le'cherously. adv. [from lecherous.] Leudly; luftfully.
Le'cherousness. n,f [from lecherous.] Leudnefs.
Le'cherv. n.f. [from lecher.] Leudnefs; luft.
The reft welter with as little fliame in open lechery, as
fwine do in the common mire. AJchains Schoolmafler.
Againft fuch leudfxers, and their lechery,
Thofe that betray them do no treachery. Shalefpeare.
Le'ction. n.f. [leflio, Lat.] A reading; a variety in copies.
Every critick has his own hypothefis : if the common text
be not favourable to his opinion, a various lettion fhall be
made authentkrk. Watts's Logick.
LECTURE, n.f. [lediure, French.]
1. A difeourfe pronounced upon any fubjeCt.
Mark him, while Dametas reads his ruftick lediure unto
him, how to feed his beafts before noon, and where to fhade
them in the extreme heat. Sidney, b. ii.
Wrangling pedant, ,
When in mufick we have fpent an hour.
Your lediure fhall have leifure for as much. Shakefp.
W hen letters from Cefar were given to Rufticus, he refufed to open them till the philofopher had done his lec¬
tures. Taylor's Holy Living.
Virtue is the folid good, which tutors fliould not only read
lectures and talk of, but the labour and art of education
fhould furnifh the mind with, and fallen there. Locke.
Numidia will be bleft by Cato’s lectures. Addifon's Catoi
2. The adt or practice of reading; perufal.
In the lediure of holy feripture, their apprehenfions are
commonly confined unto the literal fenfe of the text. Browne.
3. A magifterial reprimand.
To LeAture. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To inftruCl formally.
2. To inftruCt infolently and dogmatically.
Le'cturer. n.f. [from lediure.] An inftruCtor; a teacher by
way of leCture; a preacher in a church hired by the parifh
to afiift the rector or vicar.
If any minifter refufed to admit into his church a ledturer
recommended by them, and there was not one orthodox or
learned man recommended, he was prefently required to at¬
tend upon the committee. Clarendon.
Lectureship, n.f. [from lediure.] The office of a ledurer. *
He got a lediurejhip in town of fixty pounds a year, where
he preached conftantly in perfon. Rwift
Led. part. pret. of lead. 1
Then fhall they know that I am the Lord your God,
which caufed them to be led into captivity among the hea-
*hen; Ezek. xxxix. 28.
The leaders of this people caufed them to err, and they
that are led of them are deftroyed. Ifa. ix. 16.
As in vegetables and animals, fo in moft other bodies, not
propagated by feed, it is the colour we moft fix on, and are
moft led by. Locke.
Ledge, n.f. [leggen, Dutch, to lie.]
1. A row; layer; ftratum.
The loweft ledge or row fhould be merely of ftone, clofely *
laid, without mortar : a general caution for all parts in build¬
ing contiguous to board. Wotton's Architecture.
2. A ridge rifing above the reft.
The four parallel flicks rifing above five inches higher than
the handkerchief, ferved as ledges on each fide. Gulliver.
3. Any prominence, or rifing part.
Beneath a ledge of rocks his fleet he hides,
The bending brow above, a fafe retreat provides. Dryden.
Ledhorse. n.f. [led and horfe.] A fumpter horfe.
Lee. n.f. [lie, French.]
1. Dregs; fediment; refufe.
My cloaths, my fex, exchang’d for thee,
I’ll mingle with the people’s wretched lee. Priort
2. [Sea term ; fuppofed by Skinner from Veau, French.] It is
generally that fide which is oppofite to the wind, as the lee
fhore is that the wind blows on. To be under the lee of the
fhore, is to be.clofe under the weather fhore. A leeward
fhip is one that is not faft by a wind, to make her way fo
good as fhe might. To lay a fhip by the lee, is to bring her
a^.^er may be againft the mafts and fhrowds flat,
and the wind to come right on her broadfide, fo that file will
make little or no way.
If we, being florin-beaten in the bay of Bifcay, had had
a port under our lee, that we might have kept our tranfporting fhips with our men of war, we had taken the Indian
b‘-'(T ai'b the Azores. Raleigh's Apology.•
1 he Hollanders were wont to ride before Dunkirk with
the wind at north weft, making a lee fhore in all weathers.
Raleigh's EJjays.
Unprovided of tackling and victualling, they are forced to
fea by a ftorm ; yet better do fo than venture fplitting and
finking on a lee fhore, King Charlc
Him
LEE LEG
Him, haply flumb’ring on the Norway foami
The pilot of fome fmall night-founder’d fkifF,
Deeming fome ifland, oft, as feamen tell,
With fixed anchor in his fcaly rind,
Moors by his fide under the lee, while night
Inverts the fea. Milton $ Paradife Loft, b. i.
Batter’d by his lee they lay.
The parting winds through their torn canvafs play. Dryden.
Leech, n.f [l?ec, Saxon.]
1. A phyfician ; a profeffor of the art of healing: whence we
ftill ufe cowleech.
A leech, the which had great infight
In that difeafe of grieved confcience,
And well could cure the fame ; his name was patience.
Spenfer's Fairy 'ueen, b. i.
Her words prevail’d, and then the learned leach
His cunning hand ’gan to his wounds to lay.
And all things elfe the which his art did teach. Fa. Qu.
Phyfick is their bane.
The learned leaches in delpair depart,
And fhake their heads, delponding of their art. Dryden.
Wife leeches will not vain receipts obtrude :
Deaf to complaints they wait upon the ill,
TilMome fafe crifis. Dryden.
The hoary wrinkled leech has watch’d and toil’d,
Tried every health reftoring herb and gum,
And wearied out his painful fkill in vain. Rowe's J. Shore.
A fkilful leach,
They fay, had wrought this bleffed deed ;
This leach Arbuthnot was yclept. Gay's Pajlorals.
2. A kind of fmall water ferpent, which faftens on animals,
and fucks the blood: it is ufed to draw blood where the lan¬
cet is lefs fafe, whence perhaps the name.
I drew blood by leeches behind his ear. Wifeman's Surg.
Sticking like leeches, till they burft with blood.
Without remorfe infatiably. Rofcommon.
To Leech, v. a. [from the noun.] To treat with medica¬
ments.
Le'echcraft. n.f. {leech and craft.'] The art of healing.
We ftudy lpeech, but others we perfuade :
We leechcraft learn, but others cure with it. Davies.
Leef. adj. [lieve, leve, Dutch.] Kind; fond.
Whilome all thefe were low and leefe,
And lov’d their flocks to feed ;
They never ftrove to be the chief.
And Ample was their weed. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
Leek. n.f. [leac, Saxon; loock, Dutch; leechk, Erfe.]
Its flower confifts of iix pedals, and is fhaped, as it were,
like a bell; in the center arifes the pointal, which after¬
ward becomes a roundifh fruit, divided into three cells, which
contain roundifh feeds : to thefe notes may be added, the ftamina are generally broad and flat, ending in three capillaments, of which the middle one is furnifhed with a chive;
the flowers are alfo gathered into almoft globular bunches :
the roots are long, cylindrical, and coated, the coats ending
in plain leaves. Miller.
. Know’ft thou Fluellen ? —Ye3.
.—Tell him I’ll knock his leek about his pate,
Upon St. David’s day. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Leeb to the Welfh, to Dutchmen butter’s dear. Gay.
We ufe acrid plants inwardly and outwardly in gangreens ;
in the fcurvy, water-creffes, horfe-radifh, garlick, "or leek
pottage. _ Floyer on Humours.
LEER. n.f. [Jjleape, facies, Saxon.]
1. An oblique view.
I fpy entertainment in her ; fhe gives the leer of invitation.
Shakefpeare's Merry Wives of Windfor.
Afide the devil turn’d
For envy, yet with jealous leer malign
Ey’d them afkance. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. iv.
2. A laboured cart of countenance.
Damn with faint praifc, concede with civil leer. Pope.
I place a ftatefman full before my fight;
A bloated monfter in all his geer,
With fhamelefs vifage, and perfidious leer. Swift.
To Leer. V. n. [from the noun.]
1. To look obliquely ; to look archly.
I will leer upon him as he comes by; and do but mark
the countenance that he will give me. Shakefp. Henry IV.
I wonder whether you tafte the pleafure of independency,
or whether you do not fometimes leer upon the court. Swift.
2. To look with a forced countenance.
Bertran has been taught the arts of courts,
To gild a face with l'miles, and leer a man to ruin. Dryd.
Lees. n.f. [lie, French.] Dregs; fediment: it has feldcm a
Angular.
This proceeded by reafon of the old humour of thofe coun¬
tries, where the memory of King Richard was fo rtromr,
that it lay like lees in the bottom of mens hearts; and if the
veffel was but ftirred, it would come up. Bacon's Henry VII.
If they love lees, and leave the lufty wine,
£nvy them not their palates with the twine. B. Johnfon.
Thofe lees that trouble it refine
The agitated foul of generous wine. Dryden.
To Leese. v. a. {lefen, Dutch.J To lofe : an old word.
I hen fell to thy profit both butter and cheefe,
Who buieth it fooner the more he fhall leefe. "Buffer.
No caufe, nor client fat, will Chev’ril leefe.
But as they come on both fides he takes fees;
And pleafeth both : for while he melts his greafe
For this, that wins for whom he holds his peace. B. Johnf
How in the port our fleet dear time did leefe,
Withering like prifoners, which lie but for fees. Donne.
Leet. n.f.
Leete, or leta, is otherwife called a law-day. The word
feemeth to have grown from the Saxon le^e, which was a
court of jurifdidlion above the wapentake or hundred, com¬
prehending three or four of them, otherwife called thirfliing, and contained the third part of a province or fhire :
thefe jurifdidfions, one and other, be now abolifhed, and fwallowed up in the county court. Cowell»
Who has a breaft fo pure.
But fome uncleanly apprehenfions
Keep leets and law-days, and in fefliens fit
With meditations lawful. Shakefpeare's Othello.
You would prefent her at the leet,
f Becaufe fhe bought ftone jugs, and no feal’d quarts. Shak.
Le eward. adj. [lee and peapb, Saxon.]
I. Towards the wind. See Lee.
The claflxcae were called long fhips, the onerarias round,
becaufe of their figure approaching towards circular : this
figure, though proper for the ftowage of goods, was not the
fittert for failing, becaufe of the great quantity of leeward
Way, except when they failed full before the wind. Arbuth.
Let no ftatefman dare,
A kingdom to a fhip compare ;
Left he fhould -call our commonweal
A veflel with a double keel;
Which juft like ours, new rigg’d and man’d.
And got about a league from land.
By change of wind to leeward fide.
The pilot knew not how to guide. Swift.
Left, participle preter. of leave.
Alas, poor lady ! defolate and left;
I weep myfelf to think upon thy words. , Shakefpeare,
Had fuch a river as this been left to itfelf, to have found
its way out from among the Alps, whatever windings it had
made, it muft have formed feveral little feas. Addifon.
Were I left to myfelf, I would rather aim at inftruhting
than diverting; but if we will be ufeful to the world, we
muft take it as we find it. Addifon's Spectator, N ’. 179.
Left. adj. [lufte, Dutch; lavus, Latin.] Siniftrous; not
right.
1 hat there is alfo in men a natural prepotency in the right,
we cannot with conftancy affirm, if we make obfervation
in children, who permitted the freedom of both hands, do ofttimes confine it unto the left, and are not without great diffi¬
culty reftrained from it. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
The right to Pluto’s golden palace guides,
The left to that unhappy region tends,
Which to the depth of Tartarus defeends. Dryden's JEn.
The gods of greater nations dwell around,
And, on the right and left, the palace bound ;
The commons where they cam Drydeni
A raven from a wither’d oak.
Left of their lodging was oblig’d to croak ;
That omen lik’d him not. Dryden.
The left foot naked when they march to fight,
But in a bull’s raw hide they fheathe the right. Dryden-.
The man who ftruggles in the fight.
Fatigues left arm as well as right. ‘ Prior.
Left-handed, adj. {left and hand.] Uling the left-hand ra¬
ther than right.
The limbs are ufed moft on the right-fide, whereby cuftom
helpeth ; for we fee, that fome are left-handed, which are
fuch as have ufed the left-hand moft. Bacon’s Nat. Hif.
F or the feat of the heart and liver on one fide, whereby
men become left-handed, it happeneth too rarely to counte¬
nance an effedt fo common: for the feat of the liver on the
left-fide is very monftrous. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Left-handedness, n.f [from left-handed.] Habitual ufe of
the left-hand.
Although a fquint left-handednefs
B’ ungracious ; yet we cannot want that hand. Donne.
Leg. n.f. {leg, Danilh ; leggur, Iflandick.]
1. The limb by which we walk ; particularly that part between
the knee and the foot;
They hafte ; and what their tardy feet deny’d,
The trufty ftaff, their better leg, fupply’d. Dryden.
Purging comfits, and ants eggs,
Had almoft brought him oft' his legs. Hudibras.
Such intrigues people cannot meet with, who have rothing but legs to carry them. Addifon's Guardian.
2. An
1
LEG LEO
An a£l of obeifancen
At court, he that; cannot make a leg, put off* his cap, kifs
his hand, and fay nothing, has neither leg, hands, lip, nor
cap. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
Their horfes never give a blow,
But when they make a leg, and bow. Hudibras, p. iii.
If the boy fhould not put off his hat, nor make legs very
gracefully, a dancing-mafter will cure that defedl. Locke.
He made his leg, and went away; Svjift.
3. To ftand on his own legs ; to fupport himfelfi,
Perfons of their fortune and quality could well have flood
upon their own legs, and needed not to lay in for counte¬
nance and fupport. Collier of Friencljhip.
4» That by which any thing is fupported on the ground: aSj
the leg of a table.
Le'gacY; n.f [legation, Latin.]
Legacy is a particular thing given by lafl will and teftament. Cowell.
If there be no fuch thing apparent upon record, they do
as if one fhould demand a legacy by force and virtue of fome
written teftament, wherein there being no fueh thing f^ecified, he pleadsth thdt there it muff needs be, arid brihgeth
arguments from the love or good-will which always the teflator bore him ; imagining, that thefe, or the like proofs,
will conviCt a teftament to have that in it, which other men
can no-where by reading find. Hooker, b. iii.
Go you to Czefar’s houfe ;
Fetch the will hither, and we fhall determine
How to cut off fome charge in legacies. Shakef J. Co:far.
Good counfel is the beft legacy a father can leave a child.
L’EJirange's Fables.
When he thought you gone
T’ augment the number of the blefs’d above,
He deem'd ’em legacies of royal love ;
Nor arm’d, his brothers portions to invade,
But to defend the prefent you had made. Dryden.
When the heir of this vaft treafure knew.
How large a legacy was left to you,
He wifely ty’d it to the crown again. Dryden.
Leave to thy children tumult, ftrife, and war,
Portions of toil, and legacies of care. Prior.
LE'GAL. adj. [legal, French; leges, Latin.]
I.Done or conceived according to law.
Whatfoever was before, was before time of memory; and
what is fince is, in a legal fenfe, within the time of me¬
mory. Hale's Hijl. of the Common Law of England.
1. Lawful; not contrary to law.
His merits
To fave them, not their own, though legal, works. Milt.
Lega'lity. n.f [legalite, French.] Lawfulnefs.
To Le'galize. v. a. [legalifer, French; from legal.} To au¬
thorize ; to make lawful.
If any thing can legalize revenge, it fhould be injury from
an extremely obliged perfon : but revenge is fo abfolutely the
peculiar of heaven, that no confideration can impower, even
the beft men, to affume the execution of it. South’s Sermons.
Le'gally. aclv. [from legal.} Lawfully; according to law.
A prince may not, much lefs may inferior judges, deny
jullice, when it is legally and competently demanded. Taylor.
Le'gataRY. n.f. [legataire, French; from legatum, Latin.]
One who has a legacy left.
An executor fhall exhibit a true inventory of goods, taken
in the prefence of fit perfons, as creditors and legataries are,
unto the ordinary.
Legatine. adj. [from legate.] Made by a legate.
When any one is abfolved from excommunication, it is
provided by a legatine conftitution, that fome one fhall publifh fuch abfolution. Aylijfe's Parergon.
2. Belonging to a legate of the Roman fee.
All thofe you have done of late,
By your power legatine within this kingdom,
Fall in the compafs of a praemunire. Shakefpeare.
Legate, n.f. [legatus, Latin; legat, French; legato, Italian.]
1. A deputy; an ambaffador.
The legates from th’ .CEtolian prince return :
Sad news they bring, that after all the coft.
And care employ’d, their embaffy is loft. Dryden. ASneis.
2. A kind of fpiritual embaffador from the pope ; a commiffioner deputed by the pope for ecclefiaftical affairs.
Look where the holy legate comes apace,
To give us warrant from the hand of heav n. Shakefp.
Upon the legate's fummons, he fubmitted himfelf to an ex¬
amination, and appeared before him. Attcrbury.
Legate'e. n.f. [from legatum, Lat.] One who has a legacy
left him.
If he chance to ’feape this difmal bout,
The former legatees are blotted out. Dryden s Juvenal.
My will is, that if any of the above-named legatees fhould
die before me, that then the refpe&ive legacies fhall revert
to myfeif. T S'Wlft'
Legation, n.f. [legatio, Latin.] Deputation; commiftion;
embafty.
It will be found, that after a legation ad res repetendas, and
a refufal, and a denunciation or indi&ion of a war, the war
is no more confined to the place of the quarrel, but is left
at large. Bacon's War with Spain.
In the attiring and ornament of their bodies the duke had
a fine and unafte&ed politenefs, and upon occafion coftly, as
in his legations. JVotton.
Lega'tor.^m.f [from lego, Latin.] One who makes a will*
and leaves legacies.
Suppofe debate
Betwixt pretenders to a fair eftate,
Bequeath’d by fome legator’s laft intent; Dryden.
Le'gend. n.f. [legenda, Latin.]
1. A chronicle or regifter of the lives of faints;
Legends being grown in a manner to be nothing elfe but
heaps of frivolous and fcandalous vanities, they have been
even with difdain thrown out, the very nefts which bred them
abhorring theili. Hooker, b. v*
There are in Rortie tvto fets of antiquities, the chriftian
and the heathen; the former, though of a frefher date, are
fo embroiled with fable and legend, that one receives but little
fatisfaClion. Addifon's Remarks on Italy;
2. Any memorial or relation.
And in this legend all that glorious deed
Read, whilft you arm you; arm you whilft you read.
Fairfax, b. i.
3. An incredible unauthentick narrative.
Who can fhow the legends, that record
More idle tales, or fables fo abfurd. Blackmore.
It is the way and means of attaining to heaven, that makes
profane fcorners fo willingly let go the expectation of it. It
is not the articles of the creed, but the duty to God and their
neighbour, that is fuch an inconfiftent incredible legend.
Bentley’s Sermons.
4. Any infeription ; particularly on medals or coins.
Compare the beauty and comprehenfivenefs of legends on
ancient coins. • Addifon on Medals.
Le'ger. n.f. [from legger, Dutch. To lie or remain in a
place.] Any thing that lies in a place; as, a leger ambaffa¬
dor ; a refident; one that continues at the court to which he
is fent; a leger-book, a book that lies in the comptinghoufe.
Lord Angelo, having affairs to heav’n.
Intends you for his fwift ambaffador,
Where you fhall be an everlafting leiger. Shakefpeare.
I’ve giv’n him that.
Which, if he take, fhall quite unpeople her
Of leidgers for her fweet. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
If legier ambaffadors or agents were fent to remain near the
courts of princes, to obferve their motions, and to hold correfpondence with them, fuch were made ’ choice of as were
vigilant. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
Who can endear
Thy praife teo much ? thou art heav’ns leiger here,
Working againft the ftates of death and hell. Herbert.
He withdrew not his confidence from any of thofe who
attended his perfon, who, in truth, lay leiger for the cove¬
nant, and kept up the fpirits of their countrymen by their
intelligence. Clarendon, b. ii.
I call that a ledger bait, which is fixed, or made to reft, in
one certain place, when you fhall be abfent; and I call that
a walking bait which you have ever in motion. Walton.
Le'gerdemain. n.f. [contracted perhaps from legerete de main,
French.] Slight of hand ; juggle; power of deceiving the
eye by nimble motion ; trick; deception ; knack.
He fo light was at legerdemain.
That what he touch’d came not to light again. Hubberd.
Of all the tricks and legerdemain by which men impofe
upon their own fouls, there is none fo common as the plea
of a good intention. South’s Sermons.
Leg'erity. n.f. [legerete, French.] Lightnefs; nimblenefs;
quicknefs. A word not in ufe.
When the mind is quicken’d.
The organs though defunCt and dead before.
Break up their drowfy grave, and newly move
With called Hough and frefh legerity. Shakefpeare.
Le'gged. adj. [from leg.} Having legs ; furnifhed with legs.
Le'gible. n.f. [legibilis, Latin.]
1. Such as may be read.
You oblerve fome clergymen with their heads held down
within an inch of the cufhion, to read what is hardly
legible- . Swift.
2. Apparent; difcoverable.
People’s opinions of themfelves are legible in their counte¬
nances. Thus a kind imagination makes a bold man have
vigour and enterprize in his air and motion; it ltamps value
and fignificancy upon his face. Collier.
Le'gibly. adv. [from legible.] In fuch a manner as may be
read.
Le'ciqn. [legio, Latin.]
j. A
/
LEG LEM
1. A body of Roman foldiers, confiding of about five thoufand. ‘
The mod remarkable piece in Antoninus’s pillar is, the
fiaure of Jupiter Pluvius fending rain on the fainting army of
Marcus Aurelius, and thunderbolts on his enemies, which
is the greated confirmation pollible of the dory of the Chrif-
.tian legion. AddiJon.
2. A military force.
She to foreign realms O
Sends forth her dreadful legions. Philips.
3. Any great number.
Not in the legions
Of horrid hell, can come a devil more damn’d. Shakefp.
The partition between good and evil is broken down ; and
where one fin has entered, legions will force their way through
the fame breach. Rogers's Sermons.
Le'gionary. adj. [from legion.]
1. Relating to a legion.
2. Containing a legion.
3. Containing a great indefinite number.
Too many applying themfelves betwixt jed and earned,
make up the legionary body of error. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
Legislation, n.f. [from legifator, Lat.] The a£t of giving
laws.
Pythagoras joined legiflation to his philofophy, and, like
others, pretended to miracles and revelations from God, to
give a more venerable fandlion to the laws he prefcribed.
Littleton on the Converfton of St. Paul.
Legislative, adj. [from legijlator.'] Giving laws; lawgiving.
Their legijlative frenzy they repent,
Enacting it fhould make no precedent. Denham.
The poet is a kind of lawgiver, and thofe qualities are
proper to the legijlative dyle. Dryden.
LEGISLATOR, n.f. [legifator, Latin; legijlatour, French.]
A lawgiver; one who makes laws for any community.
It fpoke like a legijlator: the thing fpoke was a law. South.
Heroes in animated marble frown.
And legijlators feem to think in done. Pope.
Legislature. n.J. [from legijlator, Latin.] The power that
makes laws.
Without tlie concurrent confent of all three parts of the
legijlature, no law is or can be made. Hale's Com. Law.
In the notion of a legifature is implied a power to change,
repeal, and fufpend laws in being, as well as to make new
Jaws. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 16.
By the fupreme magidrate is properly underdood the legis¬
lative power; but the word magidrate Teeming to denote a
Single perfon, and to exprefs the executive power, it came to
pals that the obedience due to the legifature was, for want of
confidering this eafy didindtion, mifapplied to the adminidration. Swift's Sentiments of a Ch. of England Man.
Legitimacy, n.f. [from legitimate.]
1. Lawfulnefs of birth.
In refpecd of his legiihnacy, it will be good. ' Ayliffe.
2. Genuinenefs; not fpurioufnefs.
The legitimacy or reality of thefe marine bodies vindicated,
I now inquire by what means they were hurried out of the
ocean. Woodward’s Natural Hifory.
LEGITIMATE, adj. [from legitimus, Lat. legitime, French.J
Born in marriage ; lawfully begotten.
Legitimate Edgar, I mud have your land ;
Our father’s love is to the badard Edmund. Shakefpeare.
An adulterous perfon is tied to make provifion for the
children begotten in unlawful embraces, that they may do
no injury to the legitimate, by receiving a common portion.
Taylor's Rule of Holy Living.
To Legitimate, v. a. [legitimer, Fr. from the adjective.]
1. To procure to any the rights of legitimate birth.
Legitimate him that was a badard. Ayliffe's Parergon.
2. To make lawful.
It would be impoflible for any enterprize to be lawful, if
that which fhould legitimate it is fubfequent to it., and can have
no influence to make it good or bad. Decay of Piety.
Legitimately, adv. [from legitimate.] Lawfully; genuinely.
By degrees he rofe to Jove’s imperial feat,
Thus difficulties prove a foul legitimately great. Dryden.
Legitimation, n.f. [legitimation, French; from legitimate.]
1. Lawful birth.
I have difclaim’d my land ;
Legitimation, name, and all is gone ;
Then, good my mother, let me know my father. Shakefp.
From whence will arife many quedions of legitimation, and
what in nature is the difference betwixt a wife and a con¬
cubine. Locke.
2. The adf of inveding with the privileges of lawful birth.
LEGUME. 1 n.f. [legume, French ; legumen, Lat.] Seeds
LEGUMEN. S not reaped, but gathered by the hand; as,
beans : in general, all larger feeds ; pulfe.
Some legumens, as peas or beans, if newly gathered and
diddled in a retort, will afford an acid fpirif. Boyle.
In the fpring fell great rains, upon which enfued a mod
dedrudfive mildew upon the corn and legumes. Arbuthnot.
Legu'minous. adj. [legumineux, French ; from legumen.] Be¬
longing to pulfe ; confiding of pulfe.
The properefl food of the vegetable kingdom is taken from
the farinaceous feeds : as oats, barley, and wheat; or of fome
of the filiquofe or leguminous ; as, peas or beans. Arbuthnot.
Le'isur ably. adv. [from, leifurable.] At leifure ; without tu¬
mult or hurry.
Let us beg of God, that when the hour of our red is
come, the patterns of our diifolution may be Jacob, Mofes,
Jofhua, and David, who leifurably ending their lives in peace,
prayed for the mercies of God to come upon their poderity.
Hooker, b. v.
Le'isurable. adj. [from leifure.] Done at leifure; not hur¬
ried ; enjoying leifure.
A relation inexcufeable in his works of leifurab'e hours, the
examination being as ready as the relation. Brown.
LE'ISURE. n.f. [loiftr, French.]
1. Freedom from bulinefs or hurry; vacancy of mind; power
to fpend time according to choice.
A gentleman fell very fick, and a friend faid to him, Send
for a pbyfician ; but the fick man anfwered, It is no matter;
for if I die, I will die at leifure. Bacon's Apophthegms.
Where ambition and avarice have made no entrance, the
defire of leijure is much more natural than of bulinefs and
care. Temple.
O happy youth !
For whom thy fates referve fo fair a bride 1
He figh’d, and had no leifure more to fay.
His honour call’d his eyes another way. Dryden’s Ovid.
You enjoy your quiet in a garden, where you have not
only the leijure of thinking, but the pleafure to think of no¬
thing which can difeompofe your mind. Dryden.
1. Convenience of time.
We’ll make our leifures to attend on yours. Shakef
They fummon’d up their meiny, drait took horfe;
Commanded me to follow, and attend
The leifure of their anfwer. Shakefp. King Lear.
I fhall leave with him that very rational and emphatical
rebuke of Tully, To be confidered at his leifure. Locke.
3.Want of leifure. Not ufed.
More than I have faid, loving countrymen ;
The leifure and enforcement of the time
Forbids to dwell on. Shakefpeare’s Richard III.
Le'isurely. adj. [from leifure.] Nothady; deliberate; done
without hurry.
He was the wretchedd thing when he was young,
So long a growing, and fo leifurely,
That, if the rule were true, he fhould be gracious.
Shakefpeare.
The earl of Warwick, with a handful of men, fired Leith
and Edinburgh, and returned by a leifurely march. Hayward.
The bridge is human life ; upon a more leifurely furvey of
it, I found that it confided of threefcore and ten intire arches.
Addifon’s Spectator, NJ. 159.
Le'isurely. adv. [from leifure.] Not in a hurry; flowly.
The Belgians hop’d, that with diforder’d hade.
Our deep-cut keels upon the fands might run ;
Or if with caution leij'urely we pad, *
Their numerous grofs might charge us one by one. Dryd.
We defeended very leifurely, my friend being careful to
count the deps. Addifon's Freeholder, N ’. 47.
Le'man. n.J'. [Generally fuppofed to be laimant, the lover,
French ; but imagined by Junius, with almod equal proba¬
bility, to be derived from leef Dutch, or leop, Saxon, be¬
loved and man. This etymology is drongly fupported by the
antient orthography, according to which it was written leveman.] A fweetheart; a gallant; or a midrefs. Hanmer.
Flold for my fake, and do him not to dye;
But vanquifli’d, thine eternal bondflave make,"
And me thy worthy meed unto thy leman take. Fa.
A cup of wine,
That’s brifk and fine, t
And drink unto the leman mine. Shakef. Henry IV. y
Le'mma. n. J.' [\:ffp.x ; lemme, French.] A propofition previoufly affirmed.
LE'MON. n.f. [limon, French; limonium, low Latin.]
1. The fruit of the lemon-tree.
The juice of lemons is more cooling and aflringent than
that of oranges. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
The dyers ufe it for dying of bright yellows and lemon co¬
lours. , Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Bear me, Pomona !
To where the lemon and the piercing lime,
With the deep orange, glowing through the green,
r Their lighter glories blend. Thomson's Sermons.
2. The tree that bears lemons.
I he lemon tree hath large ftiff leaves; the flower confifts
of many leaves, which expand in form of a rofe : the fruit
is almod of an oval figure, and divided into feveral cells, in
15 H which
LEN
which are lodged hard feeds, furroimded by a thick flefhy
fubftance, which, for the moil part, is full of an acid juice.
There are many varieties of this tree, and the fruit is yearly
imported from Lifbon in great plenty. Miller.
Lemona'de. n.f. [from !emon.~\ Liquor made of water, fugar, and the juice of lemons.
Thou, and thy wife, and children, fhould walk in my
gardens, buy toys, and drink lemonade. Arbuth. j. Bull-.
To LEND. v. a. [laenan, Saxon; lecnen, Dutch.}
1. To afford, on condition of repayment.
Thou fbalt not give him thy money upon ufury, nor lend
him thy victuals for increafe. Lev. xxvi 37.
They dare not give, and e’en refufe to lend,
To their poor kindred, or a wanting friend. Dryden.
2. To fuffer to be ufed on condition that it be reftored.
In c'ommoh Worldly things ’tis call’d ungrateful
With dull unwillingnefs to pay a debt,
Which, with a bounteous hand, was kindly lent;
Much more to be thus oppofite with heav’n. Sbakefp,
I’ll lend it thee, my dear, but have no power to give
it from me. Sbakefp. All's well that ends well.
The fair bleffing we vouchfafe to fend ;
Nor can we {pare you long, though often we may lend.
Dryden to the Dutchefs of Ormond.
3. To afford ; to grant in general.
Covetoufnefs, like the fea, receives the tribute of all ri¬
vers, though far unlike it in lending any back again.
Decay cf Piety.
Painting and poefy are two fillers fo like, that they lend to
each other their name and office : one is called a dumb poefy,
and the other a fpeaking picture. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
Prom thy new hope, and from thy growing (lore,
Now lend affiftance, and relieve the poor. Dryden s Perf
Cato, lend me for a while thy patience,
And condefcend to hear a young man fpeak. Addifon.
Cephifa, thou
Wilt lend a hand to clofe thy rniftrefs’ eyes. A. Philips.
Le'nber. n.f [from lend.]
1. One who lends any thing.
2. One who makes a trade of putting money to interefl.
Let the flate be anfwered fome fmall matter, and the reft
left to the lender; if the abatement be but fmall, it will not
difeourage the lender: he that took before ten in the hun¬
dred, will fooner defeend to eight than give over this trade.
Bacon's Effays.
Whole droves of lenders croud the bankers doors
To call in money. Dryden s Spanijh Friar.
Intereft would certainly encourage the lender to venture in
fuch a time of danger. Addifon s Freeholder, N°, 20.
Length, n.f [from leng, Saxon.]
1. The extent of any thing material from end to end ; the
longeft line that can be drawn through a body.
There is in Ticinum a church that is in length one hun¬
dred feet, in breadth twenty, and in heighth near fifty : it
reporteth the voice twelve or thirteen times. Bacon.
2. Horizontal extenfion.
Mezentius rufhes on his foes,
And firft unhappy Acron overthrows ;
Stretch’d at his length he fpurns the fwarthy ground. Dryd.
3. A certain portion of {’pace or time.
Large lengths of leas and fhorcs
Between my father and my mother lay. Sbakefp. K. John.
To get from th’ enemy, and Ralph, free;
Left danger, fears, and foes, behind,
And beat, at leaft three lengths, the wind. Hudibtas.
Time glides along with undifeover d hafte, ^
The future but a length beyond the paft. Dryden sOvid.
What length of lands, what oceans have you pafs’d,
What ftorms fuftain’d, and on what fhores been call ? Dryd.
. Extent of duration. .
Having thus got the idea of duration, the next thing is to
o-et fome meafure of this common duration, whereby to judge
of its different lengths. Locke.
<. Long duration or protra&ion.
May heav’n, great monarch, ftill augment your blifs
With length of days, and every day like this. Dryden.
Such toil requir’d the Roman name, ,
Such length of labour for fo vaft a frame. Dryden s Jtn.
In length of time it will cover the whole plain, and make
one mountain with that on which it now ftands. Add,Jon.
. Reach or expanfion of any thing.
I do not recommend to all a purfuit of fciences, to thole
extenfive lengths to which the moderns have advanced them.
Watts's Improvement of the Mind, p. i.
7. Full Extent; uncontracted ftate.
If Lietitia, who fent me this account, will acquaint me
with the worthy gentleman’s name ; I will infert it at length
in one of my papers. Addifon's Spectator, N . 40.
^He had marched to the length of Exeter, which he had
fome thought of befieging. Clarendon, b. vm.
LEN
9. End ; latter part of any affignable time.
Churches purged of things burdenfome, all was brought
at the length unto that wherein now we (land. Hooker, b. iv.
A crooked ftick is not ftraitened unlefs it be bent as far
on the clear contrary fide, that fo it may fettle ulelf at the
length in a middle ftate of evennefs between them both. Hooker.
10. At Length. [It was formerly written at the length.] At
laft ; in conclufion.
At length, at length, I have thee in my arms,
Thoughour malevolent ftars have ftruggled hard.
And held us long afunder. Dryden s King Arthur.
To Lengthen, v. a. [from length.]
Ii To draw out; to make longer; to elongate.
Relaxing the fibres, is making them flexible, or eafy to be
lengthened without rupture. Arbutbnot on Aliments.
Falling dews with fpangles deck’d the glade.
And the low fun had lengthen'd ev’ry fhade. Pope.
2. To protract; to continue.
Break off thy fins by righteoufnefs, and thine iniquities by
ftiewing mercy to the poor; if it may be a lengthening of
thy tranquillity. Dan. iv. 27.
Frame your mind to mirth and merriment,
Which bars a thoufand harms, and lengthens life. Shakef.
It is in our power to fecuie to ourfelves an intereft in the
divine mercies that are yet to come, and to lengthen the
courfe of cur prefent profperity. Atterbury'$ Sermons.
3. To protract pronunciation.
The learned languages were lefts conftrained in the quan¬
tity of every fyllable, befides helps of grammatical figures
for the lengthening or abbreviation of them. Dryden.
4. To Lengthen out. [The particle out is only emphatical.l
To protract; to extend.
What if I pieafe to lengthen out his date
A day, and take a pride to cozen fate. Dryden's Aur.
I’d hoard up every moment of my life,
To lengthen out the payment of my tears. Dryden.
It lengthens out every act of worfhip, and produces more
Jafling and permanent impreffions in the mind, than thofe
which accompany any tranfient form of words. Addifon.
To Le'ncthen. v. n. To grow longer; to increafe in length.
One may as well make a yard, whofe parts lengthen and
fhrink, as a meafure of trade in materials,That have not
always a fettled value. Locke.
Still ’tis farther from its end ;
Still finds its error lengthen with its way. Prior.
Le'ngthwise. adv, [length and rwije.~\ According to the length.
Le'nienti adj. [leniens, Latin.]
1. Alfuafive; foftening; mitigating.
Confolatories writ
With ftudy’d argument, and much perfuafidn fought,
Lenient of grief and anxious thought. Milton's Agonijits.
In this one paffion man can ftrength enjoy ;
Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand.
Yet tames not this ; it flicks to our laft fand. Popet
2. Laxative; emollient;
Oils relax the fibres, are lenient, balfamick, and abate
acrimony in the blood. Arbutbnot -on Aliments.
Le'nient. n.f. A11 emollient, or affuafive application.
I dreffed it with lenients. Wijeman's Surgery.
To Le'nify. v. a. [Unifier, old French; lento> Latin.] To
aflliage; to mitigate.
It is ufed for fquinancies and inflammations in the throaty
whereby it feemeth to have a mollifying and Unifying virtue.
Bacon's Natural Hijlory, NT 554.
All foft’ning fimples, known of fov’reign ufe,
He preffes out, and pours their noble juice;
Thcfe firft infus’d, to Unify the pain,
He tugs with pincers, but he tugs in vain. Dryden.
Le'nitive. adj. [Unitif Fr. lento, Lat.] Affuafive; emollient.
Some plants have a milk in them ; the caufe may be an
inception of putrefaction : for thofe milks have all an acri¬
mony, though one would think they fhould be lenitive. Bacon.
There is aliment lenitive expelling the faeces without ftimulating the bowels ; fuch are animal oils. Arbutbnot.
Le'nitive n.f.
1. Any thing applied to cafe pain.
2. A palliative.
There are lenitives that frjendfhip will apply, before it
would be brought to decretory rigours. South's Sermons.
Le'nity. n.f. [Unitas, Lat.] Mildnefs; mercy; tendernefs ;
foftnefs of temper.
Henry gives confent,
Of meer compaffion, and oflenity.
To eale your country. Shakefpeare's Plenty VI.
Lenity muft gain
The mighty men, and pieafe the difeontent. Daniel.
Albeit fo ample a pardon was proclaimed touching treafon, yet could not the boldnefs be beaten down cither with
feverity, or with Unity be abated. Hayivard.
Thefe jealoufies
Have but one root, the old imprifon’d king,
Whofe
Drydeti.
LEO
Whofe lenity firft pleas’d the gaping crowd :
But when long try’d, and found lupinely good,
Like flop’s log, they leapt upon his back.
Lens. n.f.
A glafs fphcrically convex on both Tides, is ufually called a
lens; fuch as is a burning-glafs, or lpebtacle-glafs, or an ob¬
ject glafs of a telefcope. Newton's Upticks.
According to the difference of the lenfes, I ufed various
diflances. Newton's Upticks.
Lent. part. paff. from lend.
By Jove the Granger and the poor are font,
And what to thole we give, to Jove is lent. Pope's Udyf.
LENT, n.f [lenten, the lpring, Saxon.J The quadragefimal
faff ; a time of ubffinence.
Lent is from fpringing, becaufe it falleth in the lpring ; for
which our progenitors, the Germans, ufe gient. Camden.
Le'nten. adj. [from lent.J Such as is ufed in lent; fparing.
My lord, if you delight not in man, what lenten entertain¬
ment the players (hall receive from you. S/xakeJp. Hamlet.
She quench’d her fury at the flood,
And with a lenten fallad cool’d her blood.
Their commons, though but coarl'e, were nothing fcant.
Dryden s Hind and Panther.
Le'nticular. adj. [lenticulaire, French.J Doubly convex; of
the form of a lens.
The cryftalline humour is of a lenticular figure, convex on
both Tides. Ray on Creation.
Le'ntifor.m. adj. [lens and forma, Latin.] Having the form
of a lens.
Le'ntiginous. adj. [from lentigo.] Scurfy ; furfuraceous.
LE'NTIGU. n.f. [Latin.] A freckly or feurfy eruption upon
the fkin; fuch efpecially as is common to women in child¬
bearing. Quincy.
Le'ntil. n.f. fens, Latin; lentille, French.]
It hath a papilionaceous flower, the pointal of which be¬
comes a fhort pod, containing orbicular feeds, for the moft
part convex; the leaves are conjugated, growing to one mid¬
rib, and are terminated by tendrils. Miller.
The Philiftines were gathered together, where was a piece
of ground full of ientiles. 2 Sam. xxiii. II.
Le'ntisck. n.f. [lentifeus, Latin; lentijque, French.]
LentiJ'ck wood is of a pale brown colour, aimol!: whitifti,
refihous, of a fragrant fmell and acrid tafte : it i; the wood
of the tree which produces the maftich, and is efteemed
aftringent and balfamick in medicine. Hill's Mat. Medica.
Lentifck is a beautiful evergreen, the maftich or gum of
which is of ufe for the teeth or gums. Mortimer's Hufb.
Le'ntitude. n.f. [from lentus, Latin.] Sluggifhnels; flcwnefs. Did?.
Le'n tner. n.f. A kind of hawk.
I fhould enlarge my difeourfe to the obfervation of the
haggard, and the two forts of lentners. JValton s Angler.
LE'NTOR. n.f [lentor, Latin; lenteur, French.]
1. Tenacity; vifcofity.
Some bodies have a kind of lentor, and more depeclible
nature than others. Bacon.
2. Slownefs; delay.
The lentor of eruptions* not inflammatory, points to an
acid caufe. Arbutknot on Diet.
3-. [In phyfick.] It expreffes that Tizy, vifeid, coagulated part
of the blood, which, in malignant fevers, obftructs the ca¬
pillary veffels. Qitincy.
Le'ntous. adj. [lenius, Latin.] Vifcous; tenacious; capable
to be drawn out.
In this fpawn of a lentous and tranfparent body, are to be
difeerned many fpecks which become black, a fubftance more
compared and terreftrious than the other; for it rifeth not
in diffillation. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. lii.
Le'od. n.f.
Lead fignifies the people ; or, rather, a nation, country,
&c. Thus, leodgar is one of great intereft with the people
or nation. Gibfon's Camden.
Le'of. n.f.
Leaf denotes love ; fo leofwin is a winner of love ; leofjlan,
beft beloved : like thefe Agapetus, Erafmus, Philo, Aman¬
das, Ac. Gibfon's Camden.
Le'onine. adj. [leoninus, Latin.]
1. Belonging to a lion; having the nature of a lion.
2. Leonine verfes are thofe of which the end rhymes to the
middle, fo named from Leo the inventor : as,
Gloria fadtorum tenure conceditur horum.
Le'opard. n.f. [leo and pardus, Latin.] A fpotted beaft of
prey.
Sheep run not half To tim’rous from the wolf,
Or horie or oxen from the leopard.
As you fly from your oft-fubdued flaves. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
A leopard is every way, in fhape and actions, like a cat:
his head, teeth, tongue, feet, claws, tail, all like a cat’s :
he boxes with his fore-feet, as a cat doth her kittens ; leaps
at the prey, as a cat at a moufe; and will alfo fpit much
L E S
after the fame manner: fo that they Teem to differ, juft as a
kite doth from an eagle. Crew's Mufaum.
Before the king tame leopards led the way,
And troops of lions innocently play. Dryden.
Le'per. n. J. [lepra, leprofus, Latin.] One iiifedted with a
leprofy.
1 am no loathfome leper; look on me. Shakefpeare.
The leper in whom the plague is, his cloaths fhall be rent.
Lev. xiii. 45.
The number of their lepers was very great. Hakewill.
Le'perous. adj, [Formed from leprous, to make out a verfe.J
Caufing leprofy ; infedted with leprofy; leprous.
Upon my fecurc hour thy uncle ftole,
With juice of curled hebenon in a viol,
And in the porches of mine ears did pour
The leperous diftilment. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Le'porine. adj. [leporinus, Lat.] Belonging to a hare; having
the nature of a hare.
Lepro'sitv. n.f [from, leprous.'] Squamous difeafe.
If the crudities, impurities, and leprofties of metals were
cured, they would become gold. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Le'prosy; n.f. [lepra, Latin; lepre, French.] A loathfome
diftemper, which covers the body with a kind of white feales.
Itches, blains,
Sow all the Athenian bofoms, aiid their crop
Be geneial leproj'y. Shakejp. Dimon of Athens.
It is a plague of leprofy: Lev. xiii. 3.
Between the malice of my enemies and other mens miftakes, I put as great a difference as between the itch of no¬
velty and the leprofy of difloyalty. King Charles.
Authors, upon the firft entrance of the pox, looked upon
it fo highly infectious, that they ran away from it as much
as the Jews did from the leprofy. JVifeman's Surgery.
Le'prous. adj. fepra, Latin; lepreux, French.] Infedted with
a leprofy.
The filly amorous fucks his death,
By drawing in a leprous harlot’s breath. Donne.
Lere. n.f. [laepe, Saxon; leere, Dutch.] A leflbn; lore;
doctrine. This fenfe is ftill retained in Scotland.
The kid pitying his heavinefs,
Alked the caufe of his great diftrefs;
And alfo who, and whence, that he were,
Though he that had well ycond his lere, L
Thus melled his talk with many a teare. Spenfer. }
Le'rRY. [from lere.} A rating; a lecture. ruftick word.
Less. A negative or privative termination, [leap, Saxon; loos,
Dutch.] Joined to a lubftantive, it implies the abfence or
privation of the thing expreffed by that fubftantive : as, a
witlefs man, a man without wit; childlefs, without children ;
fatherlej's, deprived of a father ; pennylej's, wanting money.
Less. adj. [leap, Saxon.] The comparative of little : oppofed
to greater.
Mary, the mother of James the lefs. Alar. xV. 40.
Yet could he not his doling eyes withdraw.
Though lefs and lefs of Emily he faw. Dryden.
He that thinks he has a pofitive idea of infinite lpace
will find, that he can no more have a pofitive idea of the
greateft than he has of the leaft fpace; for in this latter we
are capable only of a comparative idea of fmallnefs, which
will always be lefs than any one whereof we have the pofitive
idea. Locke.
All the ideas that are confidered as having parts, and are
capable of increafe by the addition of any equal or lefs parts,
affords us, by their repetition, the idea of infinity. Locke.
’Tis lefs to conquer, than to make wars ceafe,
And, without fighting, awe the world to peace. Halifax.
Less. n.f. Not fo much; oppofed to more*
They gathered fome more, fome lefs. Exod. xvi. 17.
Thy fervant knew nothing of this, lefs or more. 1 Sam.
Less. adv. In a fmaller degree ; in a lower degree.
This opinion prefents a lefs merry, but not lefs dangerous,
temptation to thofe in adverfity. Decay of Piety.
The lefs fpace there is betwixt us and the object, and the
more pure the air is, by fo much the more the fpecies are
preferved and diftinguifiied ; and, on the contrary, the more
fpace of air there is, and the lefs it is pure, fo much the
more the object is confufed and embroiled. Dryden.
Their learning lay fchiefly in fiourifh ; they were not much
wifer than the lej's pretending multitude. Collier on Pride.
The lefs they themfelves want to receive from others, they
will be lefs careful to fupply the neceflities of the indigent.
Smalridge's Sermons.
Happy, and happy ftill, fire might have prov’d,
Were lhe lefs beautiful, or lefs bclov’d. Pope's Statius.
Lf/ssee. n.f. The perfon to whom a leafe is given.
To Lessen, v. a. [from lefs.]
1. To diminish in bulk.
2. To diminifh in degree of any quality.
Kings may give
'I o beggars, and not lejfen their own greatnefs. Denham.
Though
*
L E S LET
hough charity alone will not make one happy in the
other world, yet it {hall lejfen his punifhment. Calamy's Serm.
Collect into one fum as great a number as you pleafe, this
multitude, how great foever, lejfens not one jot the power
of adding to it, or brings him any nearer the end of the inexhauftible flock of number. Locke.
This third after fame betrays him into fuch indecencies
as are a lejjemng to his reputation, and is looked upon as a
weaknefs in the greateff charafiters. Addifon's Spectator.
Nor are the pleasures which the brutal part of the creation
enjoy, fubjefit to be leffened by the uneafinefs which arifes
fr°m fancy- Afterbury's Sermons.
3.To degrade; to deprive of power or dignity.
Who feeks
To lejfcn thee, againft his purpofe ferves
To manifeft the more thy might. Milton's Par. LoJI.
St. Paul chol'e to magnify his office, when ill men confpired
to leftfen it. Atterbury Sermons.
To Le'ssen. v. n. To grow lefs; to fhrink; to be diminifhed.
All government may be efteemed to grow drong or weak,
as the general opinion in thofe that govern is feen to lejfcn or
increafe. Temple.
The objection lejjens very much, *and comes to no more
than this, there was one witnefs of no good reputation.
Atterbury's Sermons.
Le'sser. adj. A barbarous corruption of lejs, formed by the
vulgar from the habit of terminating comparatives in er;
afterwards adopted by poets, and then by writers of prole.
What great defpite doth fortune.to thee bear.
Thus lowly to abafe thy beauty bright,
That it fhould not deface all other lejftr light. Fa. fhi.
It is the lejfer blot, modefty finds,
Women to change their fhapes than men their minds.
Shakefpeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona.
The mountains, and higher parts of the earth, grow lejfer
and lejfer from age to age : fometimes the roots of them are
weakened by fubterraneous fires, and fometimes tumbled
by earthquakes into thofe caverns that are under them.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Cain, after the murder of his brother, cries out, Every
man that findeth me fhall flay me. By the fame reafon may
a man, in the date of nature, punifh the leJJ'er breaches of
that law. Locke.
Any heat whatfoever promotes the afeent of mineral mat¬
ter, but more efpecially of that which is fubtile, and is confequently moveable more eaiily, and with a lejfer power.
Woodward's Natural Hiftory.
The larger here, and there the lejfer lambs.
The new-fall’n young herd bleating for their dams. Pope.
Le'sser. adv. [formed by corruption from lefs.]
Some fay he’s mad ; others, that lejfer hate him,
Do call it valiant fury. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Le'sses. n.f [lajjfees, French.] The dung of beads left on the
ground.
LE'SSON. n.f [lefon, French; lektio, Latin.]
1. Any thing read or repeated to a teacher, in order to im¬
provement.
I but repeat that lejfon
Which I have learn’d from thee. Denham's Sophy.
2. Precept; notion inculcated.
This days enfample hath this lejfon dear
Deep written in my heart with iron pen,
That blifs may not abide in date of mortal men. Fa. Lfi.
Be not jealous over the wife of thy bofom, and teach her
not an evil lejfon againd thyfelf. Eccluf. ix. 1.
3. Portions of feripture read in divine fervice.
Notwithdanding fo eminent properties, whereof leftbns are
happily deditute; yet lejfons being free from fome inconve¬
niences whereunto fermons are more fubject, they may, in
this refpecSt, no lefs take, than in other they mult give the
hand which betokeneth pre-eminence. Hooker, b. v.
4. Tune pricked for an indrument.
Thofe good laws were like good lejfons fet for a flute out of
tune; of which lejjons little ufe can be made, till the flute be
made fit to be played on. Davies on Ireland.
5. A rating lefiture.
She would give her a lejfon for walking fo late, that fhould
make her keep within doors for one fortnight. Sidney.
To Le'sson. v. a. [from the noun.] To teach; to indrufit.
Even in kind love, I do conjure thee,
To lefon me. Shakefp. Two Gentlemen of Verona.
Well had thou lejfon d us, this fhall wc do. Shakefp.
Children fhould be feafoned betimes, and lejfoncd into a
contempt and detedation of this vice. L'Ejlrange’s Fables.
Le'ssor. n.f. One who lets any thing to farm, or otherwife,
by leafe.
Lords of the world have but for life their leafe.
And that too, if the leftor pleafe, mud ceafe. Denham.
If he demifes the glebe to a layman, the tenant mud pay
4
the fmall tithes to the vicar, and the great tithes to the
leftor. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Lest. conj. [from the adje&ive leajl.] That nof.
Forty dripcs he may give him, and not exceed ; lefl if he
fhould exceed, then thy brother fhould feem vile. Deut. xxv.
King Luitprand brought hither the corps, lejl it might be
abufed by the barbarous nations. Addifon on Italy.
Le'stercock. n.f.
• Upon the north coad, for want of good harbours they
have a device of two dicks filled with corks, and crcfled flatlong, out of whofe midd there rifeth a thread, and at the
fame hangeth a fail ; to this engine, termed a lejlercock, they
tie one end of their boulter, fo as the wind coming from the
fhore filleth the fail, and the fail carrieth the boulter into the
fea, which, after the refpite of fome hours, is drawn in again
by a cord fadened at the nearer end. Carew on Cornwall.
To LET. v. a. [lattan, Saxon.]
1. To allow; to differ; to permit.
Nay, nay, quoth he, let be your drife and doubt. Fairf.
Where there is a certainty and an uncertainty, let the un¬
certainty go, and hold to that which is certain. Bp. Sanderfon.
On the croud he cad a furious look.
And wither’d all their drength before he fpoke;
Back on your lives, let be, laid he, my prey.
And let my vengeance take the dedin’d way. Dryden.
Remember me ; fpeak, Raymond, will you let him ?
Shall he remember Leonora. Dryden s Spanijh Friar.
We mud not let go manifed truths, becaufe we cannot
anfwer all quedions about them. Collier.
One who fixes his thoughts intently on one thing, fo as to
take but little notice of the fucceffion of ideas in his mind,
lets flip out of his account a good part of that duration. Locke.
A lolution of mercury in aqua fortis being poured upon
iron, copper, tin, or lead, diflolves the metal, and lets go
the mercury. . Newton's Optick*.
2. A fign of the optative mood ufed before the fird and impe¬
rative before the third perfon. Before the fird perfon Angular
it fignifies refolution; fixed purpofe, or ardent wilh.
Let me die with the Philidines. Judges.
Here is her pi&ure : let me fee ; I think.
If I had fuch a tire, this face of mine
Were full^ as lovely as in this of her’s. Shakefpeare.
3. Before the fird perfon plural, let implies exhortation.
Rife; let us go. Mark.
4. fiUoi e the third perfon, fingular or plural, let implies permiffion or precept.
Let the foldiers feize him for one of the affaffinates. Dryd,
5. Before a thing in the paffive voice, let implies command.
Let not the objects which ought to be contiguous be feparated, and let thofe which ought to be feparated be appa¬
rently fo to us ; but let this be done by a fmall and pleaiin'T
oifference. . _ _ Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
6. Let iins an infinitive mood after it without the particle to.
But one iubmiffive word which you let fall,
Will make him in good humour with us all. Dryden.
The feventh year thou {halt let it red, and lie dill. Exod.
7. To leave.
They did me too much injury.
That ever faid I hearken’d for your death.
If it were fo, I might have let alone
Th’ inditing hand.of Douglas over y ou. Shakefpeare.
u-irn outrages of a dedroying tyranny are but
childuh appetites, let alone till they are grown ungovern3 f . L’Eftrange's Fables.
Let me alone to accufe him afterwards. Dryd. Sp. Friar.
This is of no ufe, and had been better let alone: he is
fain to refolve all into prefent poffeffion. Locke.
Neftor, do not let us alone till you' have fhortened our
necks, and reduced them to their antient dandard. Addifon
I his notion might be let alone and defpifed as a piece of
harmlefs unintelligible enthufiafm. Rogers's Sermons.
1 o more than permit. »
There’s a fetter for you. Sir, if your name he Horatio, as
lam let to know tt is. Shakefpeare', Hirnlet.
9. 1 o put to hire ; to grant to a tenant.
Solomon had a vineyard at Baal Hamon; he let the vineyard unto keepers. m
o mg cadens fo much the compofition of a picture, as
gures w ich appertain not to the fubjefit: we may call them
figures to be/«. Drydenf Dufrefnoy.
o c Ut hci lecond floor to a very genteel youngith man.
A , n , ... . Tatter, N°. 88.
A law was enacted, prohibiting all bithops, and other ecclclialtical corporations, from letting their lands for above the
°/ ivvcnty y[ars- " swift.
10. 10 1 utter any thing to take a courfe which requires no impulfive violence.
She let them down by a cord through the window. Jofn
Launch out into the deep, and fiTdown your nets tor a
draught. J T >
o Luke v. a.
8
9
*
LET LET
’. / »,
Let down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink;
Gen. xxiv. 14;
My heart finks in me tvhile I hear him fpcak,
And every flacken’d fibre drops its hold ;
Like nature letting down the lprings of life :
So much the name of father awes me ftill. Drydett.
From this point of the ftorv, the poet is let down to his
traditional poverty. * Pope 5 Effay on Homer.
You mult let it down, that is, make it fofter by temper-
*in(T jt> Moxon's Mechanical Exerci/es.
11. To permit to take any ftate or courfe.
Finding an eafe in not undemanding, he let loofe his
thoughts wholly to pleafure. _ Sidney, b. ii;
Let reafon teach impoffibility in any thing, and the will of
man doth let it go. Hooker, b. u
The beginning of ftrife is as when one letteth out water.
Prov. xvii. 14.
As terebration doth meliorate frtfit, lo doth pricking vines
or trees after they be of fome growth, and thereby letting
?orth gum or tears. , Back's Natural Hijlory.
And if I knew which way to do’t,
Your honour fafe, I’d let you out. . Hudibrasi
The lettino out our love to mutable obje£ts doth but en¬
large our hearts, and make them the wider marks for for¬
tune to be wounded.
He was let loofe among the woods as foon as he was able
to ride on horfeback, or carry a gun. Addifon's Spectator.
12 To Let blood, is elliptical for to let out blood. To free it
from confinement; to fuffer it to ftream out of the vein.
Be rul’d by me ;
Let’s purge this choler without letting blood. Shakepfeare.
Hippocrates let great quantities of blood, and opened feveral
veins at a time. . , r
13. To Let blood, is ufed with a dative of the perfon whole
blood is let. .
Tell him, Catelby,
His antient knot of dangerous adverfaries
To-morrow are let blood at Pomfret caftle. Shakefpeare.
As terebration doth meliorate fmit, fo doth letting plants
blood, as pricking vines, thereby letting forth teats. Bacon.
34. To Let in. To admit.
Let in your king, whofe labour’d fpirits.
Sore wearied in this adtion of fwift fpeed.
Crave harbourage within your city walls. Shakefpeare.
Rofcetes prefented his army before the gates of the city,
in hones that the citizens would raife fome tumult, and let
k;m Knolles's Hijlory of the Turks.
What boots it at one gate to make defence,
And at another to let in the foe,
Effeminately vanquifh’d. Milton's Agonifles.
The more tender our fpirits are made by religion, the
more eafy we are to let in grief, if the caufe be innocent.
Taylor's Rule of Holy Living.
They but preferve the afhes, thou the flame.
True to his fenfe, but truer to his fame.
Fording his current, where thou find’ll it low,
Let'Jl in thine own to make it rife and flow. Denham.
To give a period to my life, and to his fears, you’re
welcome; here’s a throat, a heart, or any other part, ready
to let in death, and receive his commands. Denham.
It is the key that lets them into their very heart, and en¬
ables them to command all that is there. South's Sermons.
There are pidlures of luch as have been diftinguifhed by
' their birth or miracles, with infcriptions, that let you into the
name and hillory of the perfon reprefented. Addifon.
Molt hiflorians have fpoken of ill fuccefs, and terrible
events, as if they had been let into the fecrets of providence,
and made acquainted with that private condudl by which the
world is governed. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 483.
Thefe are not myfteries for ordinary readers to be let
lnio. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 221.
As foon as they have hewn down any quantity of the
rocks, they let in their fprings and refervoirs among their
works. Addifon on Italy.
As we rode through the town, I was let into the characters
of all the inhabitants; one was a dog, another a whelp, and
another a cur. Addifon's Freeholder.
jr <p0 Let in. To procure admiffion.
They fhould fpeak properly and correCtly, whereby they
may let their thoughts into other mens minds the more
eafily. Locke,
ib To Let off. To difcharge. Originally ufed of an arrow
difinifled from the gripe, and therefore fuffered to fly off the
firing; now applied to guns.
Charging my piftol only with powder, 1 hrlt cautioned
the emperor not to be afraid, and then let it off in the air.
1 Swift.
17. To Let out. To leafe out; to give to hire or farm.
To Let. [lertan, Saxon.] To hinder; to qblnuct; to
oppofe. .
Their fenfes are not letted from enjoying their objects: we
have the impediments of honour, and the torments of con-1'
fcience. Sidney.
To glorify him in all things, is to do nothing whereby the
name of God may be blafpheffied ; nothing whereby the falvation of Jew or Grecian, or any in the chtirch of Chrift,
may be let or hindered. Hooker, b. i.
Leave, ah leave 6fF, whatever wight thou be.
To let a weary wretch from her due reft,
And trouble dying foul’s tranquillity. Fairy J$uccn.
Wherefore do ye let the people from their works; go you
unto yoUr burdens. Exod. v. 4;
The myftery Of iniejuity doth already work; only he who
now letteth will let, Until he be taken out of the way. 2 Thef
I will work, and who will let it. IJd. xliii; ii4
And now no longer letted of his prey,
He leaps up at it with enrag’d defire,
O’erlooks the neighbours with a wide furvey,
And nods at every houfe his threatening fire. Dryden.
19. To Let, when it fignifies to permit or leave, has let in the
preterite and part, paffive ; but when it fignifies to hinder, it
has letted; as, multa me impedierunt, many things have letted
me. Introduction to Grammar.
To Let. v. n. To forbear ; to withold himfelf.
After king Ferdinando had taken upon him the perfon of
a fraternal ally to the king, he would not let to counfel the
king. Bacon'S Henry VII.
Let. n.f [from the verb.] Hindrance; obftacle; obftruction; Impediment.
The fecret lets and difficulties in public proceedings are
innumerable and inevitable. Hooker, b. i.
Solyman without let prefentCd his army before the city of
Belgrade. Knolles's Hijlory of the Turks.
It had been done e’er this, had I been conful;
We had had no Hop, no let. Benj. Johnfon's Catiline.
Juft judge, two lets remove ; that free from dread,
I may before thy high tribunal plead. Saridys on Job.
To thefe internal difpolitions to fin add the external op^
portunities and occafions concurring with them, and re^
moving all lets and rubs out of the way, and making the
path of deftrudlion plain before the finner’s face; fo that he
may run his courfe freely. South.
Let, the termination of diminutive words, from 1yze, Saxon,
little, fmall.
Letha'rgick. adj. [lethargique, Fr. from lethargy.] Sleepy,
beyond the natural power of fleep.
Vengeance is as if minutely proclaimed in thunder from
heaven, to give men no reft in their fins, till they awake from
the lethargick fleep, and arife from fo dead, fo mortiferous a
ftate. . Hammond's Fundamentals.
Let me but try if I can wake his pity
From his lethargick fleep. Denham's Sophy.
A lethargy demands the fame cure and diet as an apo¬
plexy from a phlegmatick cafe, fuch being the conftitution of
the lethargick. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Letha'rgickness. n.f. [from lethargick.] Sleepinefs; drowfinefs.
A grain of glory mixt with humbienefs,
Cures both a fever, and lethargicknefs. Herbert.
LE'THARGY. n.f. [AriSocoyloc,lethargie, Fr.] A morbid
drowfinefs; a fleep from which one cannot be kept awake.
The lethargy muft have his quiet courfe;
If not, he foams at mouth, and by and by
Breaks out to favage madnefs. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Though his eye is open, as the morning’s,
Towards lulls and plealures ; yet fo fall a lethargy
Has feiz’d his powers towards publick cares and dangers.
He fleeps like death. Denham's Sophy.
Europe lay then under a deep lethargy; and was no otherwife to be refeued from it, but by one that would cry
mightily. ' Atterbury.
A lethargy is a lighter fort of apoplexy, and demands the
fame cure and diet. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Le'thargied. adj. [from the noun.] Laid afleep; entranced.
His motion weakens, or his difeernings
Are lethargicd. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Le'the. n.f. [AiiSri.] Oblivion; a draught of oblivion.
The conquering wine hath fteept our fenfe
In foft and delicate lethe. Shakef Ant. and Cleopatra.
Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls
Her wat’ry labyrinth, which who fo drinks
Forgets both joy and grief. Milton.
Le'tter. n.f [from let.']
1. One who lets or permits.
2. One who hinders.
3. One who gives vent to any thing ; as a blood letter.
LE'TTER. n.f. SJettre, French; litera, Latin.]
1. One of the elements of fyllables.
A fuperfeription was written over him in letters of Greek,
Latin, and Hebrew. Luke xxiii. 38.
Thou whorefon Zed ! thou unneceflary letter! Shakef.
15 * 2. A
L E LEV
2.A Writfeil ttieffage ; an epiftle.
They ufe to write it on the top of letters. Shakefpcdre.
1 have a letter from her
Of- fuch contents as you will wonder at. Shakefpeare.
When a Spaniard would wiite a letter by him, the Indian
would marvel how it fhould be poffible, that he, to whom
he came, fhould be able to know all things. Abbot.
The affes will do very well for trumpeters, and the hares
will make excellent letter carriers. L'Ejtrange's Fables.
The fHle of letters ought to be free, eafy, and natural;
as near approaching to familiar converiation as poffible : the
two bed qualities in coiiverfation are; good humour and good
breeding; thole letters are therefore certainly the bell that
flhew the mod of thefe two qualities. IValfh.
Mrs. P. B. has writ to me, and is one of the bed letter
writers I know ; very good fenfe, civility, and friendfhip,
without any diffnefs or condraint; Swift.
3. The literal or exprefled meaning.
Touching trandations of holy feripture, vve may not dif¬
allow of their painful travels herein, who dridtly have tied
themfelves to the very original letter. Hooker, b. v.
In obedience to human laws, we mud obferve the letter of
the law, without doing violence to the realon of the law,
and the intention of the lawgiver. Taylor s holy living.
Thole words of his mud be underdood not according to
the bare rigour of the letter, but according to the allowances
of expreffion. South's Sermons.
What! fince the pretor did my fetters loofe,
And left me freely at my own dil'pole.
May I not live without controul and awe,
Excepting dill the letter of the law ? Drydens Perfus.
4. Letters without the lingular : learning.
The Jews marvelled, faying. How knoweth this man let¬
ters, having never learned ? John vii. 15.
5. Any thing to be read.
Good laws are at bed but a dead letter. Addif. Freeholder.
6. Type with which books are printed.
The iron ladles that letter founders ufe to the cading of
printing letters, are kept cOndantly in melting metal. Moxon.
To LeTter. v. a. [from letter.] To damp with letters.
I obferved one weight lettered on both fides; and I found
on one fide* written in the dialed! of men, and underneath
it, calamities; on the other fide was written, in the lan¬
guage of the gods, and underneath, bleffings. AddiJ'on.
Lettered, adj. [from letter.] Literate ; educated to learn¬
ing.
A martial man, not fweetened by a lettered education, is
apt to have a tindlure of fournefs. Collier on Pride.
Le'ttuce. n. f. lafiuca, Latin.]
The lettuce hath a fibrous root, which is, for the mod
part, annual; the leaves are fmooth, and grow alternately
upon the branches; the dalks are, for the mod part, tender,
flender, and diff, and commonly terminate in a fort of um¬
bel ; the cup of the flower is oblong, flender, and fcaly ; the
feeds are oblong, depreffed, and generally terminate in a
point: the fpecies are, common or garden lettuce; cabbage
lettuce ; Silefia lettuce; white and black cos ; white cos ; red
capuchin lettuce. Miller.
Fat colworts, and comforting purfeline.
Gold letiice, and refrefhing rofemarine. Spenjer.
Lettuce is thought To be poifonous, when it is fo old as to
have milk. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
The medicaments proper to diminifh milk, are lettice,
purflane, endive. IVifeman s Surgery.
LE'VANT. adj. [levant, French.] Eaflern.
Thwart of thofe, as fierce
Forth rufb the levant, and the ponent winds,
Eurus and Zephyr. Milton s Puradife Lof, b. x.
Leva'nt. n-.f The ead, particularly thofe coafts of the Me¬
diterranean ead of Italy.
LEVA'TOR. n.f [Lat.J A chirurgical indrument, whereby
deprefled parts of the fkull are lifted up.
Some furgeons bring out the bone in the bore; but it will
be fafer to raife it up with your levator, when it is but lightly
retained in fome part. IVifeman's Surgery.
Leucophle'gmacy. n. f. [from leucophlegmatick.] Palencls,
with vifeid juices and cold Iweatings.
Spirits produce debility, flatulency, fevers, leucophlegmacy,
and dropfies. % Arbuthnot on Aliments.
LeucophleomaT'ICK. adj. [Afuxof and (pXiyfxcc.] Having
fuch a conditution of body where the blood is of a pale co¬
lour, vifeid, and cold, whereby it duds and bloats the ha¬
bit, or raifes white tumours in the feet, legs, or any other
parts ; and fuch are commonly adhmatick and dropfical.
fhuncy.
Adhmatic perfons have voracious appetites, and for want
of a rffiht fanguification arc leucophlegmatick. Arbuthnot.
LE'VEE. n.f. LFrench.]
1.The tjme of rifing.
j. The concourfe of thofe who croud round a man of power
The fcrvile rout their careful Csfar praife j
. Him they extol, they worfhip him alone.
They croud his levees, and fupport his throne. Dryden.
Woud’ft thou be fird minider of date ?
To have thy levees crouded with refort.
Of a depending, gaping, fervile court. Dryden s Juvtrial.
None of her Sylvan fubje&s made their court,
Levees and couchees pafs’d without refort. Dryden«
LE'VEL. adj. [laspel, Saxon.]
1. Even; not having one part higher than another.
The garden, feated on the level floor.
She left behind, and locking ev’ry door.
Thought all fecure. Dryden s Boccace.
Be level in preferments, and you will foon be as level in
your learning. Bentley*
2. Even with any thing elfe ; in the fame line with any thing.
Our navy is addrefled, our pow’r collected.
Our fubditutes in abfence well inveded,
And ev’ry thing lies level to our widi. Shakefp. Henry YV.
There is a knowledge which is very proper to man, and
lies level to hutnan underdanding; and that is, the know¬
ledge of our Creator, and of the duty we owe to him.
Tillotfon’s Sermons.
To Le'vel. v. ai [from the adje&ive.]
1. To make even ; to free from inequalities.
2. To reduce to the lame height with fomething elfe.
Reafon can never affent to the admiffion of thofe brutilh
appetites which would over-run the foul, and level its fuperior with its inferior faculties. Decay of Piety.
Behold the law
And rule of beings in your maker’s mind :
And thence, like limbecks, rich ideas draw,
To fit the levell'd ufe of humankind. Dryden.
3. To lay flat.
We know by experience, that all downright rains do evefmore diffever the violence of outrageous winds, and beat
down and level the fwelling and mountainous billows of the
fea. , - „ . Raleigh*
He will thy foes with filent Ibame confound.
And their proud ffruftures level with the ground. Sandys.
With unrefifted might the monarch reigns.
He levels mountains, and he raifes plains ;
And not regarding difference of degree.
Abas’d your daughter, and exalted me. Dryden.
4. To bring to equality of condition.
5. To point in taking aim ; to aim.
One to the gunners on St. Jago’s tow’r,
Bid ’em for Ibame,
Level their canon lower. Dryden's Spanijh Friar.
6. To diredt to any end.
The whole body of puritans was drawn to be abettors of
all villainy by a few men, whofe defigns from the firft were
levelled to deftroy both religion and government. Swift.
To Le'vel. v. n.
1. To aim at; to bring the gun or arrow to the fame direc¬
tion with the mark.
The glory of God, and the good of his church, was the
thing which the apoftles aimed at, and therefore ought to be
v the mark whereat we alfo level. Hooker, b. iv.
2. To conjecture; to attempt to guefs.
I pray thee overname them*; and as thou nameft them I
will deferibe them; and, according to my delcription, level
at my affection. Shakef. Merchant of Venice.
3. To be in the fame direction with a mark.
He to his engine flew,
Plac’d near at hand in open view.
And rais’d it till it levell'd right,
Againft the glow-worm tail of kite.- Hudibras, p. ii.
4. To make attempts ; to aim.
Ambitious York did level at thy crown. Shakefpeare.
Le'vel. n.f. [from the adjective.]
1. A plane; a furface without protuberances or inequalities.
After draining of the level in Northamptonfhire, innume¬
rable mice did upon a fudden arife. Hale's Original of Mank.
Thofe bred in a mountainous country overfiz<e thofe that
dwell on low levels. Sandys's Travels.
2. Rate; ftandard.
Love of her made us raife up our thoughts above the or¬
dinary level of the world, fo as great clerks do not difdain
our conference. Sidney.
It might perhaps advance their minds fo far
Above the level of fubjection, as
T’ afiume to them the glory of that war. Daniel.
T he praifes of military men iiifpired me with thoughts
above my ordinary level. Dryden.
3. A ftate of equality.
The time is not far off when we fhall be upon the level)
I am refolved to anticipate the time, and be upon the level
with them now : for he is fo that neither feeks nor wants
them. Atterbury to Pope.
Providence,
LEV
Providence, for the moll part, fet us uppn a level, and
ohferves a kind of proportion in its d ifpen fati oris towards us.
Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 2.55.
J fuppofe, by the llile of old friend, and the like, it mull
be foniebody there of his own level; among whom his party
have, indeed, more friends than I could wifh. Swift.
4. An Inllrument whereby mafons adjuft their work.
The level Is from two to ten feet long, that it may reach
over a confiderable length of the work : if the plumb-line
hang juft upon the perpendicular, when the level is fet flat
dowm upon the work, the work is level; but if it hangs on
either fide the perpendicular, the floor or work mull be raifed
on that fide, till the plumb-line hang exactly on the perpen¬
dicular. Moxon’s Mechanical Exircifes.
5. Rule : borrowed from the mechanick level.
Be the fair level of thy adtions laid.
As temp’rance wills, and prudence may perfuade,
And try if life be worth the liver’s care. Prior.
6. The line of direction in which any miflive weapon is aimed.
I ftood i’ th’ level
Of a Full charg’d confederacy, and gave thanks
To you that choked it, Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
As if that name.
Shot from the deadly level of a gun,
Did murther her. Shakef Romeo and Juliet-.
Thrice happy is that humble pair,
Beneath the level of all care.
Over whofe heads thofe arrows fly.
Of fad diftruft and jealoufy. Wcdie?.
7. The line in which the fight pafles.
Fir’d at firft fight with what the mufe imparts,
In fearlefs youth we tempt the heights of arts ;
While from the bounded level of our mind
Short views we take, nor fee the lengths behind. Pope.
Le'veller. n.f. [from level.]
j. One who makes any thing even.
2. One who deftroys fuperiority ; one who endeavours to bring
all to the fame ftate of equality.
You are an everlafti'ng leveller, you won’t allow encourage¬
ment to extraordinary merit. 'Collier on Pride.
Le'velness. n.f. [from level.']
j. Evennefs; equality of furface.
2. Equality with fometning elfe.
The river Tiber is exprefled lying along, for fo you muft
remember to draw rivers, to exprefs their levelnefs with the
earth. Peacham.
Le'ven. n.f. [levain, French.]
2. Ferment; that which being mixed in bread makes it rife
and ferment.
3. Any thing capable of changing the nature of a greater mafs ;
any thing that tinCFu'res the whole.
The matter fermeiiteth upon the old leven, and becometh
more acrid. Wifeman’s Surgery.
As to the peftilential levains conveyed in goods, it is a fafe
opinion. Afhuthnot on Air.
Le'ver. n.f. [levier, French.]
The fecond mechanical power, is a balance fupported by
a hypomochlion; only the centre is not in the middle, as
in the common balance, but near one end ; for which reafon it is ufed to elevate or raife a great weight; whence
comes the name lever. Harris.
Have you any leavers to lift me up again, being down.
Shakefpeare’s Henry IV.
Some draw with cords, and fome the monftbr drive
With rolls and levers. Denham.
In a leaver, the motion can be continued only for fo fhort
a (pace, as may be anfwerable to that little diftance betwixt
the fulciment and the weight; which is always by fo much
lefler, as the difproportion betwixt the weight and the power
is greater, and the motion itfelf more eafy. Wilkins’s Magick.
Some hoifting leavers, fome the wheels prepare. Dryd.
You may have a wooden lever, forked at the ends. Mort.
Le'veret. [leivre, French.] A young hare.
Their travels o’er that filver field does fhow,
Like track of leverets in morning fnow. IVoiler.
Leve't. n.f [from lever, Frehch.] A blaft on the trumpet;
probably that by which the foldiers are called in the morning.
He that led the cavalcade,
Wore a fowgelder’s flagellet.
On which he blew as ftrong a levet;
As well-fee’d lawyer On his breviate. Hudibras.
Leverook.. n.f. [layepe, Saxon.] This word is retained in
Scotland, and denotes the lark.
The fmaller birds have their particular fcafons; as, the
leverook. ^ alion s Angler,
If the lufft faa ’twill fmoore aw the levcrooks. Scotch Prov.
LeTiable. adj. [from levyj That may be levied.
The fums which any agreed to pay, and were not brought
in, were to be leviable by courfe of law. Bacon s Henry VII.
LEVVATHAN'. n.f. nm1?.] A water animal mentioned in
the book of Job. By fome imagined the crocco.ie, hm in
poetry generally taken for the whale.
LEW
We may, as bootlefs, fpend our vain fcommanct
Upon th’ enraged foldiers iri their fpoil,
As fend our precepts to th’ leviathan,
To come aflhore. Shakefpeare’s Henry V.
Canft thou draw out leviathan with an hook ? Job,
More to embroil the deep; leviathan,
A rid his unwieldy train, in dreadful fport
Tempeft the loofen’d brine. Phdmfon’s JVinter.
To LE’VIGATE. v. a. [lavigo, Latin.]
1. To rub or grind to an impalpable powder.
2. To mix till the liquor becomes fmooth and uniform.
The chyle is white, as confifting of fait; oil, and water*
much levigated or fmooth. Arbuthnot on Aliment.
Leviga'tion. n.f. [from levigate.']
Levigation is the reducing of hard bodies, as coral, tutty,
and precious ftones; into a fubtile powder, by grinding upon
marbie with a muller; but unlefs the inftruments are ex¬
tremely hard, they will fo wear as to double the weight of
the medicine. Quincy.
Le'vite. n.f. [levita, Latirl, from Levi.]
1. One of the tribe of Levi; one born to the office of priefthood among the Jews.
Iii the Chriftian church, the office of deacons fucceeded in
the place of the levites among the Jews, who were as miniftel's and fervants to the priefts. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
2. A prieft : ufed in contempt.
Levi'tical. adj. [from levite.’] Belonging to the levites;
fnaking part of the religion of the Jews.
By the levitical law, both the man and the woman were
ftohed to death ; fo heinous a crime was the fin of adultery.
Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Le'vity. h.f. [levitas, Latin.]
1. Lightnefs ; not heavinefs : the quality by which arty body
has lefs weight than another.
He gave the form of levity to that which afeended ; to that
which defeended, the form of gravity, Raleigh.
This bubble, by reafon of its comparative levity to the
fluidity that enclofes it; would neceflarily afeend to the top.
Bentley’s Sermons4
Pope.
Milton’s Agonifles.
2s Inconftancy; changeablenefs;
They every day broached fome new thing; which reftlefs
levity they did interpret to be their growing in fpiritual per¬
fection. * Hooker.
Where wigs with wigs, with fword-knots fword-knots
ftrive.
Beaus banifh beaus, and coaches coaches drive.
This erring mortals levity may call.
3. Unfteadinefs ; laxity of mind.
I unbofom’d all my fecrets to thee;
Not out of levityi, but over-pow’r’d
By thy requeft.
4. Idle pleafure ; vanity.
He never employed his omnipotence out of levity or oftentation, but as the neceffities of men required. Calamy.
5. Trifling gaiety ; want of ferioufnefs.
Our graver bufinefs frowns at this levity. Shakefpeare.
Hopton abhorred the licence; and the levities, with which
he faw tot) many corrupted. Clarendon, b. viii.
That fpirit of religion and ferioufnefs vanifhed, and a
fpirit of levity and libertinifm, infidelity and prophanenefs,
ftarted up in the room of it. Alterbury’s Sermons.
To LE7VY. v. a. [lever, French.]
1. To raife ; to bring together men.
He refolved to finifh the conqueft of Ireland, and to that
end levied a mighty army.1 Davies on Ireland.
2. To raife money.
Levy a tribute unto the Lord of the men of war. Numb.
Inftead of a fhip, he fhotild levy upon his county fuch a
This fenfe, though Milton’s,
Clarendon.
feems imfum of money.
3. To make war.
propef.
They live in hatred, enmity, and ftrife.
Among themfelves, and levy cruel wars. Milton.
Le'vy. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The aCt of raifing money or men.
They have already contributed all their fuperfluous hands,
and every new levy they make muft be at the expence of
their farms and commerce. Addifon s State of the War.
2. War raifed.
Treafon has done his worft : nor fteel, nor poifon,
Malice domeftick, foreign levy, nothing
Can touch him further ! Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
LEWD. adj. [Isepede, Saxon;]
1. Lay; not clerical. Oblolete.
For leuyd men this book I writ. Bijhop Grojlhead.
So thefe great clerks their little wifdom fhew
To mock the lewd, as learn’d in this as they. Davies.
2. Wicked ; bad ; naughty.
If fome be admitted into the miniftry, either void of
learning, or lewd in life, are all the reft to be con¬
demned ?,
Before
L I B
Before they did opprefs the people, only by colour of d
lewd cuftom, they did afterwards ul'e the fame oppreflions by
warrant. Davies on Ireland.
3. Luftful ; libidinous.
He is not lolling on a lewd love bed,
But on his knees at meditation. Shakcfpeare's Rich. III.
I hen lewd Anchemolus he laid in duff:,
Who ftairt’d his ftepdam’s bed with impious lull. Dryden.
Le'wdly. adj. [from lewd.]
1. Wickedly; naughtily.
A fort of naughty perfons, lewdly bent,
Have pra&is’d dangeroufly againft your Hate. Shakefp.
2. Libidinoiifly; luftfully.
He lov’d fair lady Eltred, lewdly lov’d,
Whofe wahton pleafures him too much did pleafe.
That quite his heart from Guendeline remov’d. Spenfer.
So lewdly dull his idle works appear.
The wretched texts deferve no comments here. Dryden.
Le'wdness. n. f. [from lewd.] Luftful licentioufnefs.
Suffer no lewdnefs, nor indecent fpeech,
Th’ apartment of the tender youth to reach. Dyyd. Juv.
Damianus’s letter to Nicholas is an authentick record of
the lewdneffes committed under the reign of celibacy. Atterbury.
Le'wdster. n. f. [from lewd.] A lecher; one given to cri¬
minal pleafures.
Againft fuch lewdjlers, and their lechery,
Thole that betray them do no treachery. Shakefpeare.
LE'WIS D'OR. n. f. [French.] A golden French coin, in
value twelve livres, now fettled at feventeen fhillings. Difi.
Lexico'grapher. n.f. [Afgntov and ygolQu-, lexicographer
French.] A writer of dictionaries; a harmlefs drudge, that
bufiesTimfelf in tracing the original, and detailing the fignification of words.
Commentators a.nd lexicographers acquainted with the Sy¬
riac language, have given thel'e hints in their writings on
feripture. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Lexico'graph y. n.f. [Ai£ixov and yooityu.] The art or prac¬
tice of writing dictionaries.
LEXICON, n.f. [a«£»>co'v.] A dictionary; a book teaching
the fignification of words.
Though a linguift ftiould pride himfclf to have all the
tongues that Babel cleft the world into, yet if he had not
ftudied the folid things in them as well as the words and lexi¬
cons, yet he were nothing fo much to be efteemed a learned
man as any yeoman competently wife in his mother dialed:
only. Milton,
Ley. n.f.
Ley, lee, lay, are all from the Saxon leag, a field or pas¬
ture, by the ufual melting of the letter 3 or g. Glbfon's Cam.
Livable, n. f. [liable, from Her, old french.] Obnoxious;
not exempt; fubjed.
But what is ftrength without a double fhare
Of wifdom ? vaft, unwieldy, Jsurthenfome,
Proudly fecure, yet liable to fall
By weakeft fubtleties. Milton's Agonijles.
The Englifh boaft of Spenfer and Milton, who neither of
them wanted genius or learning; and yet both of them are
liable to many cenfures. , Dryden s Juvenal.
This, or any other fcheme, coming from a private hand,
might be liable to many defeds. Swift.
Liar. n.f. [from lie. This word would analogically be lier ;
but this orthography has prevailed, and the convenience of
diftindion from lier, he who lies down, is fufficient to con¬
firm it.] One who tells fallhood ; one who wants veracity.
She’s like a liar, gone to burning hell !
’Twas I that kill’d her. Shakefpeare's Othello.
He approves the common liar, fame.
Who fpeaks him thus at Rome. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
I do not rejeCt his obfervation as untrue, much lefs con¬
demn the perfon himfelf as a liar, whenfoever it feems to
be contradided. Boyle.
Thy better foul abhors a liar's part.
Wife is thy voice, and noble is thy heart. Pope's Odyffcy.
Li'ard. adj.
I. Mingled roan. t Markham.
1. Liard in Scotland denotes gray-haired : as, he s a hard old
man.
LibaTion. n.f. [libatio, Latin.] i
1. The ad of pouring wine on the ground in honour of fome
deity.
In digging new earth pour in fome wine, that the vapour
of the earth and wine may comfort the fpirits, provided it
be not taken for a heathen facrifice, or libation to the eart*h.
Bacon's Natural Hijhry.
The wine fo poured.
They had no other crime to objed againft the Chriftians,
but that they did not offer up libations, and the fmolcc of
Orifices, to dead men. Stillingfleet on Rom. Idolatry.
The goblet then fhe took, with nedar crown’d,
Sprinkling the firft libations on the ground. Dryden's Ain.
L I B
Li'bbAr*. n.f. [liebard, German; leopardus, Lat.] A leopard*.
Make the libbard ftern,
Leave roaring, when in rage he for revenge did yearn.
Spenfer's Fairy Ffueen, b. i.
The libbard, and the tiger, as the mole
Riling, the crumbled earth above them threw. Milton.
The torrid parts of Africk are by Pifo refembled to a
libbard's fkin, the diftance of whofe fpots reprefent the difperfnefs of habitations, or towns of Africk. Brerewood,
LFBEL. n.f. [libellus, Latin; libelle, French.]
1. A fatire ; defamatory writing ; a. lampoon.
Are we reproached for the name of Chrift ? that ignominy
ferves but to advance our future glory; every fuch libel here
becomes panegyrick there. Decay of Piety.
Good heav’n ! that fots and knaves fhould be fo vain.
To wifh their vile refemblance may remain !
And Hand recorded, at their own requeft.
To future days, a libel orajeft. Dryden.
2. [In the civil law.] A declaration or charge in writing againft
a perfon in court.
To Li'bel. v. n. [from the noun.] To fpread defamation;
generally written or printed.
Sweet fcrauls to fly about the ftreets of Rome :
What’s this but libelling againft the fenate ? Shakefpeare.
He, like a privileg’d fpy, whom nothing can
Difcredit, libels now ’gainft each great man. Donne.
To Li'bel. v. a. Tofatirife; to lampoon ;
Is then the peerage of England any thing difhonoured
when a peer fuffers for his treafon ? if he be libelled, or any
way defamed, he has his fcandalum magnatum to punifh the
offender. Dryden.
But what fo pure which envious tongues will fpare l
Some wicked wits have libelled all the fair. Pope,
Li'beller. n.f. [from libel.] A defamer by writing; a lam¬
pooner.
Our common libellers are as free from the imputation of
wit, as of morality. Dryden's Juvenal.
The fquibs are thofe who, in the common phrafe, are
called libellers and lampooners. Tatler.
The common libellers, in their inve&ives, tax the church
with an infatiable defire of power and wealth, equally com¬
mon to all bodies of men. Swift.
Li'bellous. n.f. [from libel.J Defamatory.
It was the moft malicious furmife that had ever been brew¬
ed, howfoever countenanced by a libellous pamphlet. Wotton.
Li'beral. adj. [liberalis, Latin; liberal. French.]
1. Not mean; not low in birth; not low in mind.
2. Becoming a gentleman.
3. Munificent; generous; bountiful; not parcimonious.
Her name was Mercy, well known over all
To be both gracious and eke liberal. Spenf. Fa. Jjfueen.
Sparing would fhew a worfe fin than ill doCtrine.
Men of his way fhould be moft liberal.
They’re fet here for examples. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Needs muft the pow’r
That made us, and for us this ample world.
Be infinitely good, and of his good.
As liberal and free, as infinite. Milton.
There is no art better than to be liberal of praife and
commendation to others, in that wherein a man’s feIf hath
any perfection. Bacon's EJfays.
The liberal are fecure alone ;
For what we frankly give, for ever is our own. Granville.
Several clergymen, otherwife little fond of obfeure terms,
are, in their lermons, very liberal of all thofe which they
find in ecclefiaftical writers, as if it were our duty to underftand them. Swift.
Libera'lity. n.f. [liberalitas, Latin; liberalite, Fr.] Mu¬
nificence ; bounty; generofity; generous profufion.
Why fhould he defpair, that knows to court
With words, fair looks, and liberality? Shakefpeare.
Such moderation with thy bounty join.
That thou may’ft nothing give that is not thine;
That liberality is but caft away.
Which makes us borrow what we cannot pay. Denham.
Libera'lly. adv. [from liberal.] Bounteoufly; bountifully;
largely.
If any of you lack wifdom, let him afk of God, that
giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not. James i. 5,
Li'bertine. n.f. [libertin, French.]
1. One unconfined ; one at liberty.
When he fpeaks.
The air, a charter’d libertine, is ftill;
And the mute wonder lurketh in men’s ears.
To fteal his fweet and honied lentences. Shakefp. Hen. V.
2. One who lives without reftraint or law.
Man, the lawlefs libertine, may rove
Free and unqueftion’d. Rowe's Jane Shore.
Want of power is the only bound that libertine puts to
his views upon any of the lex. Clariffa.
4 2. One
LIB L I C
2. One who pays no regard to the precepts of religion.
They fay this town is full of couzenage.
As nimble jugglers, that deceive the eye ;
Difguifed cheaters, prating mountebanks,
And many fuch like libertines of fin. Shakefpeare.
That word may be applied to fome few libertines in the
audience. Colliers Vieiu of the Stage.
3. [In law”; Hbertinus, Lat.] A freedman; or rather, the fon
of a freedman. •
Some perfons are forbidden to be accufers on the fcore of
their fex, as women; others on the fcore of their age, as
pupils and infants ; others on the fcore of their conditions, as
libertines again!! their patrons. Ayiijfe s Parergon.
LiBertine. adj. [hbertin, French.] Licentious} irreligious.
There are men that marry not, but chufe rather a libertine
and impure fingle life, than to be yoked in marriage. Bacon.
Might not the queen make diligent enquiry, if any perfon
about her (hould happen to be of libertine principles or mo¬
rals. Swift's Projectfor Advancement ofReligion.
Libertinism, n.f [from libertine.] Irreligion} licentioufnefs
of opinions and pradftice.
That fpirit of religion and ferioufnefs vanilhed all at once,
and a fpirit of liberty and libertinifm, of infidelity and profanenefs, ftarted up in the room of it. Atterbury's Sermons.
Li'berty. n. f. [liberty French} libertas, Latin.]
1. Freedom, as oppofed to flavery.
My mafter knows of your being here, and hath threatened
to put me into everlafting liberty, if I tell you of it; for he
fwears, he’ll turn me away. _ Shakefpeare.
O liberty ! thou goddefs, heav’nly bright!
Profufe of blifs, and pregnant with delight.
Eternal pleafures in thy prefence reign. Addifon.
1. Freedom, as oppofed to necelfity.
Liberty is the power in any agent to do, or forbear, any
particular a&ion, according to the determination, or thought
of the mind, whereby either of them is preferred to the
other. ... Locke.
As it is in the motions of the body, fo it is in the thoughts
of our minds: where any one is fuch, that we have power
to take it up; or lay it by, according to the preference of the
mind, there we are at liberty. , Locke.
2. Privilege ; exemption ; immunity-.
His majefty gave not an intire country to any, much lefs
did he grantjura regalia, or any extraordinary liberties. Davies.
-4. Relaxation of reftraint.
5. Leave; permiffion.
I fhall take the liberty to confider a third ground, which,
with fome men, has the fame authority. Locke.
Libidinous, n.f. [hbidinofus, Latin.] Lewd; luftful.
None revolt from the faith; becaufe they mull: not look upon
a woman to lull after her, but becaufe they are much more
reftrained from the perpetration of their lulls. If wanton
glances and libidinous thoughts had been permitted by the gofpel, they would have apoftatized neverthelefs. Bentley.
Libi'dinously. adv. [from libidinous.'] Lewdly; luftfully.
LiBral. adj. \libralis, Latin.] Of a pound weight; Did.
LibraBian. n.f [librarius, Latin.]
1. One who has the care of a library.
2. One who tranferibes or copies books.
Charybdis thrice fwallows, and thrice refunds, the waves :
this mull: be underllood of regular tides. There are indeed
but two tides in a day, but this is the error of the libranans. Broome’s Notes on the Odyffey.
LiBrary; n.f. [librarie, Fr.] A large collection of books,
publick or private.
Then as they ’gan his library to view.
And antique regifters for to avife.
There chanced to the prince’s hand to rife
An ancient book, hight Briton’s monuments. Fa. Qti.
Make choice of all my library,
And fo beguile thy forrow. Shakefp. Titus Andronicus.
I have given you the library of a painter, and a catalogue
of luch books as he ought to read. Drydens Dufrefnoy.
To LiBrate. v. a. [,libro, Latin.] To poife; to balance;
to hold in equipoife.
Libra'tion. n.f [lihratio, Latin; libration, French.]
1* The Hate of being balanced.
This is what may be faid of the balance, and the libration, of the body. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
Their pinions ftill
In loofe librations ftretch’d, to truft the void
Trembling refufe. Thomfon’s Spring.
2. [In aflroncmy.]
Libration is the balancing motion or trepidation in the fir¬
mament, w'hereby the declination of the fun, and the lati¬
tude of the liars, change from time to time. Aftronomers
likewife aferibe to the moon a hbratory motion, or motion of
trepidation, which they pretend is from call to well, and
from north to fouth, becaufe that, at lull moon, they lometimes diicover parts of her dilk which are not difeovered at
other times. Thefe kinds are called, the one a libration
in longitude, and the other a libration in latitude. Befides
this, there is a third kind, which they call an apparent libratioiiy and which confifts in this, that when the moon is at
her greateft elongation from the fouth, her axis being then
almoll perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptick, the fun
mult enlighten towards the north pole of the moon fome
parts which he did not before, and that, on the contrary,
fome parts of thofe which he enlightened towards the oppofite pole are obfeured ; and this produces the fame effect which
the libration in latitude does. Did. Trev.
Thofe planets which move upon their axis, do not all
make intire revolutions ; for the hioon maketh only a kind
of libration, or a reciprocated motion on her own axis. Grew.
LiBratory. adj. [from libro, Lat.]_ Balancing; playing like
a balance.
Lice, the plural of loufe.
Red blifters rifing on their paps appear;
And flaming carbuncles, and noilome fweat,
And clammy dews* that loathfome lice beget;
Till the flow creeping evil eats his way. Drydens Virg.
Li'cebane. n.f [lice and bane.'] A plant.
LICENSE, n.f. [licentia, Latin; licence, French.]
1. Exorbitant liberty ; contempt of legal and neceflary refixaint.
Some of the wifer feeing that a popular licence is indeed the
many-headed tyranny, prevailed with the reft to make Mufidorus their chief. Sidney.
Taunt my faults
With fuch full licence, as both truth and malice
Have power to utter., Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
They baul for freedom in their fenfelefs moods.
And ftill revolt when truth would fet them free ;
Licence they mean, when they cry liberty. Milton.
The privilege that ancient poets clairrl.
Now turn’d to licenje by too juft a name. Rofcommon.
Though this be a ftate of liberty, yet it is not a ftate of
licence; though man, in that ftate, have an uncontroulable
liberty to difpofe of his perfon or pofleffions, yet he has not
liberty to deftroy himfelf. Locke.
2. A grant of permiffion.
They fent fome to bring them a licence from the fenate.
Judith xi. 14.
Thofe few abftrail names that the fchoels forged, and put
into the mouths of their fcholars, could never yet get admit¬
tance into common ufe, of obtain the licence of publick ap¬
probation. Locke.
We procured a licence of the duke of Parma to enter the
theatre and gallery. Addifon on Italy.
3. Liberty ; permiffion.
It is pot the manner of the Romans to deliver any man
to die, before that he which is accufed have the accufers
face to face, and have licence to anfwer for himfelf. Ads.
To Li'cense. V. a. [licencier, French.]
1. To fet at liberty.
He would play well, and willingly, at fome games of
greateft attention, which fhewed, that when he lifted he
could licenfe his thoughts. Wotton.
2. To permit by a legal grant.
Wit’s titans brav’d the Ikies,
And the prefs groan’d with licens'd blafphemies. Pope.
Li'censf.r. n.f [from licenfe.] A granter of permiffion; com¬
monly a tool of power.
Lice'ntiate. n.f. [licentiatus, low Latin.]
1. A man who ufes licenfe.
The licentiates fomewhat lieentioufly, leaft they fhould
prejudice poetical liberty, will pardon themfelves for doubling
or rejeifting a letter, if the fenfe fall aptly. Camden.
2. A degree in Spanilh univerfities*
A man might, after that time, fue for the degree of a li¬
centiate or mafter in this faculty. Ayiijfe's Parergon.
To Lice'ntiate. v. a. [licentier, French.] To permit; to
encourage by licenfe.
We may not hazard either the ftifiing of generous inclina¬
tions, or the licentiating of any thing that is coarfe. L'Ejlrange.
LiceBtious. n.f. [licencieux, French; licentiofus, Latin.]
1. Unreftrained by law or morality.
Later ages pride, like corn-fed fteed.
Abus’d her plenty, and fat fwoln encreafe.
To all licentious lull, and gan exceed
The meafure of her mean, and natural firft need. Fa. Hju.
How would it touch thee to the quick,
Should’!! thou but hear I were licentious ?
And that this body, confecrate to thee.
With ruffian lull fhould be contaminate. Shakefpeare.
2. Prefumptuous; unconfined.
'Fhe Tyber, whofe licentious waves,
So often overflow’d the neighbouring fields,
Now runs aTmooth and inoftenlive courfe. Rofcommon.
Lice'ntiously. adv. [from licentious.] With too much liber¬
ty; without juft reftraint.
15 K The
5
LIC
, f licentiates famewhat licentloujly, leaf! they fhould pre-*
judiec poetical liberty, will pardon themfelves for doubling
or rejecting a letter. Camden's Remains,
Lice ntiousvess. n.f. [from licentious.] Boundlefs liberty;
contempt of juft reftraint.
One error is fo fruitful, as it begetteth a thoufand chil¬
dren, if the licentioufnefs thereof be not timelyreftrained. Ral.
T his cuftom has been always looked upon, by the wifeft
men, as an effect of licentioufnefs, and not of liberty. Swift.
During the greateft licentiouj'nefs of the prefs, the character
of the queen was infulted. Swift.
Lich. n.f [lice, Saxon.] A dead carcafe ; whence lichwake,
the time or aCt of watching by the dead; lichgate, the gate
through which the dead are carried to the grave ; Lichfield,
the field of the dead, a city in StafFordfhire, fo named from
martyred chriftians. Salve magna parens. Lichwake is ftill
retained in Scotland in the fame fenfe.
Li'chowl. n.f [lich and owl.] A fort of owl, by the vulgar
fuppofed to fortetel death.
To Lick. v. a. [licean, Saxon; lichn, Dutch.]
1. To pafs over with the tongue.
./Efculapius went about with a dog and a fhe-goat, both
which he ufed much in his cures; the firft for licking all ul¬
cered wounds, and the goat’s milk for the difeafes of the
ftomach and lungs. Temple.
A bear’s a favage beaft;
Whelp’d without form, until the dam
Has lick'd it into fhape and frame. Hudibras, p. i.
He with h s tepid rays the rofe renews,
And licks the drooping leaves, and dries the dews. Dryden.
I have feen an antiquary lick an old coin, among other
trials, to diftinguifh the age of it by its tafte. Addifon.
2. To lap; to take in by the tongue.
At once pluck out
The multitudinous tongue ; let them not lick
T he fweet which is their poifon. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
3. To Lick up. To devour.
New fhall this company lick up all that are round about us,
as the ox licketh up the grafs. Numb. xxii. 4.
When luxury has lick'd up all thy pelf.
Curs’d by thy neighbours, thy truftees, thyfelf:
Think how pofterity will treat thy name. Pope's Horace.
Lick. n.f. [from the verb.] A blow; rough ufage: alow
word.
He turned upon me as round as a chafed boar, and gave
me a lick acrofs the face. Dryden.
Li ckerish. \a£f [hccepa, a glutton, Saxon.]
L/I CKEROUS. 3 °
1. Nice in the choice of food ; fqueamifh.
Voluptuous men facrifice all fubftantial fatisfaCtions to a
liquorijh palate. L'Efirange.
2. Eager; greedy.
Then is never tongue-tied, where fit commendation,
whereof womankind is fo lickerijh, is offered unto it. Sidney.
Strephon, fond boy, delighted, did not know
That it was love that fhin’d in fhining maid ;
But lick’rous, poifon’d, fain to her would go. Sidney.
Certain rare manuferipts, fought in the moft remote parts
by Erpenius, the moft excellent linguift, had been left to his
widow, and were upon fale to the jefuits, liquorijh chapmen
of all fuch ware. IVotton.
In vain he profer’d all his goods to fave
His body, deftin’d to that living grave;
The liquorijh hag rejects the pelf with fcorn,
And nothing but the man would ferve her turn. Dryden.
In fomfe provinces they were fo liquorijh after man’s flefh,
that they would fuck the blood as it run from the dying
man. Locke.
3. Nice ; delicate; tempting the appetite.
Wouldft thou leek again to trap me here
With lickerijh baits, fit to enfnare a brute ? Milton.
Ltckeri'shness. n.f. [from lickerijh.] Nicenefs of palate.
Licorice, n.f [y\vxvpptfet; liquoricia, Italian; glycyrrhzza,
Latin.] A root of fweet tafte*
Liquorice hath a papilionaceous flower; the pointal which
arifes from the empalement becomes a fhort pod, containing
feveral kidney-fhaped feeds; the leaves are placed by parts
joined to the mid-rib, and are terminated by an odd
lobe. Miller.
Liquorice root is long and flender, externally of a duiky
reddifh brown, but within of a fine yellow, full of juice,
void of fmell, and of a tafte fweeter than fugar, it grows
wild in many parts of France, Italy, Spain, and Germany.
This root is excellent in coughs, and all diforders of the
lungs. The infpiffated juice of this root is brought to us
from Spain and Holland ; from the firft of which places it
obtained the name of Spanifh juice. Hill's Materia Mcdica.
Ll'CTOR. n.f. [Latin.] A beadle that attended the confuls
to apprehend or punifh criminals.
Saucy liftors
Will catch at us like {trumpets. Shake/, Ant. and Cleopatra,
L I E
Proconfuls tt> their provinces
Haftillg, or on return, in robes of ftate,
Liftors and rods the enfigns of their power. Milton.
Democritus could feed his fpleen, and {hake
His fides and fhoulders till he felt ’em ake;
Though in his country-town no liftors were.
Nor rods, nor ax, nor tribune. Dryden's "Juvenal.
Lid. [jjlib, Saxon ; lied, German.]
r. A cover; anything that fhuts down over a veftel; a lid,
cover, or ftopple that enters the mouth.
Hope, inftead of flying off with the reft, ftuck fo clofe to
the lid of the cup, that it was flhut down upon her. Addifon.
2. The membrane that, when we fleep or wink, is drawn over
the eye.
Do not for ever with thy veiled lids,
Seek for thy noble father in the duft. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Our eyes have lids, our ears ftill ope we keep. Davies.
The fields fair eyes faw her, and faw no more.
But fhut their flow’ry lids for ever night.
And winter ftrew’d her way.
That eye dropp’d fenfe diftinCt and clear,
As any mufe’s tongue could {peak;
When from its ltd a pearly tear
Ran trickling down her beauteous cheek.
The rod of Hermes 1
To fleep could mortal eye-lids fix.
And drive departed fouls to Styx:
That rod was juft a type of Sid’s,
Which o’er a Britifh fenate’s lids
Could fcatter opium full as well.
And drive as many fouls to hell.
Lie. n.f. [lie, French.] Any thing impregnated with fome
other body; as, foap or fait.
Chamber-//*? breads fleas like a loach. Shakefpeare.
All liquid things concoCted by heat become yellow; as,
lye, wort, &c. Peacham on Drawing.
Lie. n.f. [lige, Saxon.]
1. A criminal falfhood.
My name’s Macbeth.
—-The devil himfelf could not pronounce a title
More hateful to mine ear.
—No; nor more fearful.
—Thou lieft, abhorred tyrant; with my fword
I’ll prove the lie thou fpeak’ft. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
A lye is properly an outward fignification of fomething con¬
trary to, or at leaft befide, the inward fenfe of the mind ; fo
that when one thing is lignified or exprefled, and the fame
thing not meant, or intended, that is properly a lye. South.
Truth is the object of our underftanding, as good is of
our will; and the underftanding can no more be delighted
with a lye, than the will can chufe an apparent evil. Dryden.
When I hear my neighbour fpeak that which is not true,
and I fay to him, this is not true, or this is falfe, I only
convey to him the naked idea of his error; this is the pri¬
mary idea: but if I fay it is a lie, the word lie carries alfo a
fecondary idea ; for it implies both the falfhood of the fpeech,
and my reproach and cenfure of the fpeaker. Watts's Logick.
2. A charge of falfhood.
That lie fhall lye fo heavy on my fword.
That it fhall render vengeance and revenge ;
Till thou the lie giver, and that lie, reflT
In earth as quiet as thy father’s fkull. Shakef. Rich. IT.
It is a contradiction to fuppofe, that whole nations of men
fhould unanimoufly give the lie to what, by the moft invin¬
cible evidence, every one of them knew to be true. Locke.
Men will give their own experience the lye, rather than
admit of any thing difagreeing with thefe tenets. Locke.
3. A fiCtion.
The cock and fox, the fool and knave imply ;
The truth is moral, though the tale a lie. ' Dryden,
To Lie. v.n. [leogan, Saxon; liegen, Dutch.]
I. To utter criminal falfhood.
I know not where he lodges ; and for me to devife a lodg¬
ing, and fay, he lies here, or he lies there, were to lie nt
mine own throat. Shakefpeare's Othello.
If a foul lye unto his neighbour in that which was deliver¬
ed him to keep, he fhall reftore that which was delivered.
Levit. vi. 1.
Should I lye againft my right ? Job xxxiv. 6.
Inform us, will the emp’ror treat ?
Or do the prints and papers lye ? Pope.
To LIE. v. n. pret. Ilay; 1 have lain ox lien, [liexan, Saxon ;
liggen, Dutch.]
1. 1 o reft horizontally, or with very great inclination againft
fomething elfe.
2. To reft; to lean upon.
Death lies on her like an untimely flow’r ;
Upon the fweeteft flow’r of all the field. Shakefpeare.
Lie heavy on him, earth, for he
Laid many a heavy load on thee. Epitaph on Vanbrugh.
3.To
Crafhaw,
Prior.
Swift.
3
L I E L I £
To be repofited in the grave.
All the kings of the nations lie in glory, every one ill his
own houle. Ifa, xiv. i8;
I will lie with my fathers, and thou {halt carry me out of
Egypt, and bury me in your burying place. Gen. xlvii. 30.
4. To be in a date of decumbiture.
How many good young princes would do fo ; their fathers
lying fo lick as yours at this time is. Shake/. Henry IV.
My little daughter lieth at the point of death; I pray thee
come and lay thy hands on her, that file may be healed.
Mark Vi 23.
5. To pafs the time of deep.
The watchful traveller,
That by the moon’s midaken light did rife.
Lay down again, and clos’d his weary eyes* Diyden.
Forlorn he mud, and perfecuted flie ;
Climb the deep mountain, in the cavern lie. Prior.
6. To be laid up or repofited.
I have feen where copperas is made great variety of
them, divers of which I have yet lying by me. Boyle.
7. To remain fixed.
The Spaniards have but one temptation to quarrel with us,
the recovering of Jamaica, for that has ever lien at their
hearts. t Temple.
8. To refide.
If thou doed well, flialt thou not be accepted ? and if thou
doed not well, fin lieth at the door. Gen. iv. 7;
9i To be placed or lituated.
We have gone through deferts, where there lay no way.
IVifd. V; 7*
I fly
To thofe happy climes that //V,
Where day never fhuts his eye,
Up in the broad fields of the iky. . Milton.
There lies our way, and that our paffage home. Dryd.
Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal
in circumdances. Collier of Envy.
The bufinefs of a tutor, rightly employed, lies out of the
road. Locke on Education.
What lies beyond our pofitive idea towards infinity, lies in
obfcurity, and has the undeterminate confufion of a negative
idea. Locke.
10. To prefs upon.
Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou had afflicted me
with all thy waves. Pfal. lxxxviii. 7*
He that commits a fin fliall find
The preffing guilt lie heavy on his mind.
Though bribes or favour fhall affert his caufe. Creech-.
Shew the power of religion, in abating that particular
anguifh which feems to lie fo heavy on Leonora. Addi/on.
11. To be troublefome or tedious.
Suppofe kings, befides the entertainment of luxury, fhould
have fpent their time, at lead what lay upon their hands, in
chemidry, it cannot be denied but princes may pafs their
time advantageoufly that way. Temple.
I would recommend the dudies of knowledge to the fe¬
male world, that they may not be at a lofs how to employ
thofe hours that lie upon their hands. Addifon's Guardian.
12. To be judicially fixed.
If he fhould intend his voyage towards my wife, I would
turn her loofe to him ; and what he gets more of her than
fharp words, let it lie on my head. Shakefpcare.
13. To be in any particular date.
If money go before, all ways do lie open. Shakefpeare.
The highways lie wade, the wayfaring man cealeth. Ifa.
The feventh year thou fhalt let it red and lie dill. Exod.
Do not think that the knowledge of any particular fubjeCt
cannot be improved, merely becaufe it has lain without im¬
provement. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
14. To be in a date of concealment.
Many things in them lie concealed to us, which they who
were concerned underdood at fird fight. Locke.
75. To be in prifon.
Your imprifonment fhall not be long ;
I will deliver you, or elfe lye for you. Shakcfp. Rich. III.
16. To be in a bad date.
W hy will you lie pining and pinching yourfelf in fuch a
lonefome, darving courfe of life. L'EJlranges Fables.
The generality of mankind lie pecking at one another, till
one by one they are all torn to pieces. L'Ejlrange's Fab.
Are the gods to do your drudgery, and you lie bellowing
with your finger in your mouth ? L'Ejlrange's Fables.
17. To be in a helplefs or expofed date.
To fee a hated perfon fuperior, and to lie under the an¬
guifh of a difadvantage, is far enough from diverfion. Collier.
It is but a very fmall comfort,, that a plain man, lying
iinder a diarp fit of the done for a week, receives from this
fine fentence. Tillotfon's Sermons.
As a man fhould always be upon his guard againd the
vices to which he is mod expofed, fo we fhould take a
more than ordinary care not to lie at the mercy of the wea¬
ther in our moral conduct. Addifon's Freeholder.
The maintenance of the clergy is precarious* and collect¬
ed from a mod miferable race "of farmers, at whole mercy
every minider lies to be defrauded. Swift
18. Toconfid. J
The image of it gives me Content already; and I trud it
will grow to a mod profperous perfection.
— It hes much in your holding up; hade you fpeedily to
Angelo. Shakefpeare's Meafure for Meafire.
He that thinks that diverfion may not lie in hard labour,
forgets the early riling, and hard riding of huntfmen. Locke.
19. To be in the power ; to belong to.
He fhews himfelf very malicious if he knows I defetve
credit, and yet goes about to blad it; as much as in him
^ies- Stillingfleet on Idolatry.
Do d thou endeavour* as much as in thee lies, to prelerve
the lives of all men. Duppa's Rulesfor Devotion.
Mars is the warrior’s god ; lit him it lies
On whom he favours to confer the prize. Dryden.
20. To be charged in anything; as, an aClion lieth againd
one.
21. To cod; as, it lies me in more money.
22. To Lie at. To importune; to teaze.
23; To Lie by. To red; to remain dill.
Ev’ry thing that heard him play,
Ev’n the billows of the fea,
Hung their heads, and then lay by ;
In fweet mufick is fuch art,
Killing care, and grief of heart,
Fall afleep, or hearing die. Shakcfp. Henry Vllf;
24. To Lie down. To red; to go into a date of repofe.
The leopard fhall lie down with the kid. Ifa. ki. 6.
The needy fhall lie down in fafety. Hfa. xiv. 30;
25. To Lie down. To link into the grave;
His bones are full of the fin of his youth, which fhall lie
down with him in the dud. fob xx. ii;
26. To Lie in. To be in childbed;
As for all other good women that, love to do but little
work, how handfome it is to lie in and fleep, or to loufe
themfelves in the fun-fliine, they that have been but a while
in Ireland can well witnefs. Spenfer on Irelandi.
You confine yourfelf mod unreafonably. Come; you
mud go vifit the lady that lies in. Shake/. Coriolanus.
She had lain in, and her right bread had been apodemated. IVifemarCs Surgery.
The doedor has pratdifed both by fea and land, and there¬
fore cures the green ficknefs and lyings in. Spectator.
When Florimel defign’d to lie privately in ;
She chofe with fuch prudence her pangs to conceal.
That her nurfe, nay her midwife, fcarce heard her once
fqueal. ' pr}or.
Hyderical affe&ions are contraded by accidents in lying
ir1, Arbuthnot on Diet.
27. To Lie under. To be fubied to.
A generous perfon will lie under a great difadvantage.
Smalridge's Sermons.
This midake never ought to be imputed as a fault to
Dryden, but to thofe who differed fo noble a genius to lie
under the neceffity of it, Pope's Note's on the Iliad.
Europe lay then under a deep lethargy, and was no otherwife to be refeued but by one that would cry mightily. Atterb.
28. To Lie upon. To become an obligation or duty;
Thefe are not places merely of favour, the charge of fouls
lies upon them ; the greated account whereof will be required
at their hands. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
It fhould lie upon hirh to make out how matter, by undi¬
rected motion, could at fird necefiarily fall, without ever
erring or mifearrying, into fuch a curious formation of hu¬
man bodies., Bentley's Sermons.
29. To Lie with. To converfe in bed.
Pardon me, Badanio,
For by this ring fhe lay with me, Shakefpeare,
Lief. adj. [leop, Saxon ; lief, Dutch.] Deaf; beloved.
My liefejl lord, fhe thus beguiled had,
For he was flefh ; all fledi doth frailty breed. Fa. Uht.
You, with the red,
Caufelefs have laid difgraces on my head ;
And with your bed endeavour have dirr’d up
My liefejl liege to be mine enemy. Shakcfp. Henry VI.
Lief. adv. Willingly.
If I could fpeak fo wifely under an arred, I would fend
for certain of my creditors and yet to fay the truth, I had
as lief have the foppery of freedom, as the morality of im¬
prifonment. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meafure.
Liege, adj. [lige, French; ligio, Italian; ligius, low Latin.]
1. Bound by tome feudal tenure; fubjeft : whence liegeman for
fubjeCf.
2. Sovereign. [This fignification feems to have accidentally
rifen from the former, the lord of liege men, being by midake
called liege lordj
Did not the whole realm acknowledge Henry VIII, of fa¬
mous memory, for their king and liege lord. SpenJ'cr.
So
I
L I E L I F
*
My lady liege, faid he.
What all your fex defire is fovereignty. Dryden.
So much of it as is founded on the law of nature, may be
{lilted natural religion; that is to fay, a devotednefs unto
God our liege lord, fo as to adt in all things according to hi§
will. Grew's Cofmology.
Liege, n.f. Sovereign; friperior lord.
O pardon me, my liege ! but; for my tears
I had fbreftall’d this dear and deep rebuke. Shakefpeare,
The other part referv’d I by confent.
For that my fovereign liege was in my debt; Shakefpeare.
You with your beft endeavour have ftirred up
My liefeft liege to be mine enemy; Shakefpeare,
The riatives; dubious whom
They mull obey, in confirmation wait
Till rigid coriqueft will pronounce their liege. Philips.
Li'egeman. n.f. [from liege and man.] A fubjedt.
This liegeman ’gan to wax more bold.
And when he felt the folly of his lord.
In his own kind, he ’gan himfelf unfold. Fairy Queen.
Sith then the anceftors of thofe that now live, yielded themfelves then fubjedts and liegemen, {hall it not tye their chil¬
dren to the fame fubjeclion ? Spenfer on Ireland.
Stand, ho ! who is there ?
.—Friends to this ground, and liegemen to the Dane. Shak.
Li'eger* n.f. [fromliege.] A refident ambaffador.
His paffions and his fears
Lie liegers for you in his breaft, and there
Negotiate your affairs. Denham's Sophy.
Li'en, the participle of lie.
One of the people might lightly have lien With thy wife.
1 Gen. xxvi. io.
Liente'rick. ad}, [from lientery.] Pertaining to a lientery.
There are many medicinal preparations of iron, but none
equal to the tindture made without acids; efpecially in obitrudtions, and to {Lengthen the tone of the parts ; as in lien-
^erick and other like cafes; Grew's Mufceum.
Li'entery. n.f. [frem AfToi), lave, fmooth, and svhpot/, inteflinumj gut; liehterle, French.] A particular loofenefs, or
diarrhoea, wherein the food paffes fo fuddenly through the
ftomach and guts, as to be fhrown out by {tool with little or
no alteration. Quincy.
Li'er. n.f. [from to lie.] One that refts or lies down j or re¬
mains concealed.-
There were Hers in ambufh againft him behind the city.
' Jof viii. 14.
LIEU. n.f. [French.] Place; room; it is only ufed with in :
in lieu, inftead.
God, of his great liberality, had determined, in lieu of
man’s endeavours, to beftow the fame by the rule of that
juftice which beft befteemeth him. Hooker, b. i.
In lieu of fuch an increafe of dominion, it is our bufinefs
to extend our trade. Addifon's Freeholder.
Lieve. adv. [See Lie?.] .Willingly.
Speak the fpeech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you,
trippingly on the tongue: but if you mouth it, as many of
our players do, I had as lieve the town crier had fpoke my
j;ncs< Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Adfion is death to fome fort of people; and they would as
lieve hang as work. f EJlrange.
Lieutenancy, n.f [lieutenance, French; from lieutenant.]
1. The office of a lieutenant.
If fuch tricks as thefe ftrip you out of your lieutenancy, it
had been better you had not killed your three fingers fo
0ft# Shakefpeare's Othello.
2. The body of lieutenants.
The lift of undifputed mafters, is hardly fo long as the
lift of the lieutenancy of our metropolis. Felton on the Clafficks.
LIEUTENANT, n.f [lieutenant, French.]
1. A deputy; one who atets by vicarious authority.
\ Whither away fo faft l
__No farther than the tower.
To gratulate the gentle princes there.
—We’ll enter all together,
And in good time here the lieutenant comes. Shakefpeare.
I muft put you in mind of the lords lieutenants, and de¬
puty lieutenants, of the counties: their proper ufe is for or¬
dering the military affairs, in order to oppofe an invafion
from abroad, or a rebellion or fedition at home. Eaton.
Killing, as it is confidered in itfelf without all undue circumftances, was never prohibited to the lawful magiftrate,
who is the vicegerent or lieutenant of God, from whom he
derives his power of life and death. Bramhall againjl Hobbes.
Sent by our new lieutenant, who in Rome,
And fincc from me, has heard of your renown :
I come to offer peace. Philips's Briton.
2. In war, one who holds the next rank to a fuperior ot any
denomination ; as, a general has his lieutenant generals, a
colonel his lieutenant colonel, and a captain limply his
lieutenant. , . .
It were meet that fuch captains only were employed as
have formerly ferved in that country, and been at leaft lieu -
tenants there. Spenfer on Ireland.
Accordirig to military cuftom the place was good, and the
lieutenant of the colonel’s company might well pretend to the
next vacant 'captainlhip; IVotton.
The earl of Effex was made lieutenant general of the ar¬
my ; the moft popular m&n of the kingdom, and the darling
of the fword men. , , Clarendon.
His lieutenant, engaging againft his pofitive orders, being
beaten by Lyfander; Alcibiades was again banimed. Swift.
Canft thou fo many gallant foldiers fee;
And captains and lieutenants flight for me, , Gay^
Lieute'nantship. n.f. [from lieutenant.] The rank dr office
of lieutenant.
Life. n.f. plural lives, [hpan, to live, Saxon.]
1. Union and co-operation of foul with body.
On thy life no more.
—-My life 1 never held but as a pawn
To wage againft thy foes ; nor fear to lofe it.
Thy fafety being the motive. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
She fhews a body rather than a life,
A ftatue than a breather. Shakef. Ant. and Cleopatra'.
Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature
that hath life. Gen. i. 20.
The identity of the fame man confifts in nothing but a
participation of the fame continued life, b;y confjantly fleeting
particles of matter, in fucceffion vitally united to the fame
organised body. Locke.
So peaceful {halt thou end thy blifsful days.
Arid fteal thyfelf from life by flow decays. Pope.
2. Prefent ftate.
O life, thou nothing’s younger brother !
So like, that we may take the one for t’other !
Dream of a flhadow 1 a reflection made .
From the falfe glories of the gay reflected boW,
Is more a folid thing than thou !
Thou weak bbilt ifthmus, that do’ft proudly rife
Up betwixt two eternities;
Yet canft not wave nor wind fuftain.
But, broken and o’erwhelm’d, the ocean meets again.
Cawley.
When I confider life ’tis all a cheat.
Yet fool’d by hope men favour the deceit.
Live on, and think to-morrow will repay ;
To-morrow’s falfer than the former day;
Lies more; and when it fays we {hall be bleft
With fome new joy, takes off what we poffeft.
Strange cozenage ! none would live paft years again.
Yet all hope pleafufe in what yet remain ;
Arid from the dregs of Ufe think to receive
What the fitft fprightly running could not give :
I’m tir’d of waiting for this chemick gold,
Which fools us young, and beggars us when old. Dryden.
Howe’er ’tis well that while mankind
Through life's perverfe meanders errs.
He can imagin’d pleafures find.
To combat againft real cares. Prior.
3. Enjoyment,., or poffeffion of terfeftrial exiftence.
Then avarice ’gan through his veins to infpire
His greedy flames, and kindle life devouring fire. Fa. Qu.
Their complot is to have my life:
And, if my death might make this ifland happy.
And prove the period of their tyranny,
I would expend it with all willingnefs. Shakefpeare.
Nor love thy life, nor hate; but what thou liv’ft
Live well, how long or fhort permit to heav’n. Milton.
Untam’d and fierce the tyger ftill remains.
And tires his life with biting on his chains. Prior.
He entreated me not to take his life, but exact a fum of
money. Notes bn the Odffeyt
4. Blood, the fuppofed vehicle of life.
His gufhing entrails fmoak’d upon the ground.
And the warm life came iffuing through the wound. Pope*
5. Conduit; manner of living with refpedt to virtue or vice.
Henry and Edward, brighteft fons of fame.
And Virtuous Alfred, a more facred name ;
After a life of glorious toils endur’d,
Clos’d their long glories with a figtw Pope.
I’ll teach my family to lead good lives. Mrs. Barker.
6. Condition; manner of living with refpedt to happinefs and
mifery.
Such was the life the frugal Sabines led;
So Remus and his brother god were bred. Dryden s Virg.
7. Continuance of our prefent ftate.
And foriie have not any clear ideas of the greateft part of
them all their lives. Locke.
The adminlftration of this bank is for life, and partly in
the hands of the chief citizens. Addifon on Italy.
8. The living form; rcfcmblance exadtly copied.
Galen hath explained this point unto the life. Brawn.
He
L I F
That is the beft part of beauty which a picture cannot cxprefs, no, nor the firft light of the life. Bacon's EJfays.
Let him vifit eminent perfons of great name abroad, that
he mav tell how the life agreeth with the fame. Bacon.
He that would be a mafter, muft draw by the life as well
as copy from originals, and join theory and experience toget^er> Collier of the Entertainment of Books.
o. Exadt refemblance.
I believe no charadter of any perfon was ever better drawn
to the life than this. ^ Denham.
Rich carvings, portraiture, and imag’ry.
Where ev’ry figure to the life exprefs’d
The Godhead’s pow’r. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
He faw in order painted on the wall
The wars that fame around the world had blown.
All to the life, and ev’ry leader known. Dryden's JEn.
10. General Rate of man.
Studious they appear
Of arts that polifh life; inventors rare !
Unmindful of their Maker. Milton's Par. Lojl.
All that cheers or foftens life.
The tender filler, daughter, friend, and wife. Pope.
11. Common occurrences ; human affairs ; the courfe of things.
This I know, not only by reading of books in my ftudy,
but alfo by experience of life abroad in the world, Afcham.
Not to know at large of things remote
From ufe, obfcure and fubtile; but to know
That which before us lies in daily life,
Is the prime wifdom. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
12. Living perfon.
Why fhould I play the Roman fool, and die
On my own fword ? whilft I fee lives the galhes
Do better upon them. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
13. Narrative of a life pall.
Plutarch, that writes his life.
Tells us, that Cato dearly lov’d his wife. Pope.
14. Spiritj brilknefs; vivacity; refolution.
^ The Helots bent thitherward with a new life of refolution,
as if their captain had been a root out of which their courage
had fprung. Sidney.
They have no notion of life and fire in fancy and in words;
and any thing that is juft in grammar and in meafure is as
good oratory and poetry to them as the beft. Felton.
Not with half the fire and life,
With which he kifs’d Amphytrion’s wife. Prior.
15. Animated exiftence; animal being.
Full nature l'warms with life. Thomfon.
Lifeblood, n.f [life and blood.] The blood neceflary to life;
the vital blood.
This ficknefs doth infedt
The very lifeblood of our enterprife. Shakef. Henry IV.
How could’ft thou drain the lifeblood of the child. Shak.
They loved with that calm and noble value which dwells
in the heart, with a warmth like that of lifeblood. Spectator.
Money, the lifeblood of the nation.
Corrupts and ftagnates in the veins,
Unlefs a proper circulation
Its motion and its heat maintains. Swift.
His forehead ftruck the ground.
Lifeblood and life rufh’d mingled through the wouhd. Dryd.
Lifeeverlasting. An herb. Ainfworth.
Li'fegiving. n.f. [life and giving.] Having the power to
give life.
His own heat,
Kindled at firft from heaven’s lifegiving fire. 'Spenfer.
He fat devifing death
To them who liv’d ; nor on the virtue thought
Of that lifegiving plant. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
Lifegua'rd.V/. [life ^ guard.] The guard of a king’s
perfon.
Li'feless. adj. [from life.]
j. Dead; deprived of life.
The other victor-flame a moment flood.
Then fell, and lifelefs left th’ extinguifh’d wood. Dryden.
I who make the triumph of to-day.
May of to-morrow’s pomp one part appear,
Ghaftly with wounds, and lifelefs on the bier. Prior.
%. Unanimated; void of life.
Was I to have never parted from thy fide ?
As good have grown there {till a lifelefs rib ! Milt. P. L.
Thus began
Outrage from lifelefs things. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
The power which produces their motions, fprings from
fomething without themfelves 1 if this power were fufpended,
they would become a lifelefs, unadtive heap of matter. Cheyne.
And empty words fhe gave; and founding {train,
But fenfelefs, lifelejs ! idol void and vain. Pope's Dunciad.
3. Without power, force, or fpirit.
Hopelefs and helplefs doth /Egeon wend.
But to procraftinate his lifelefs end. Shakefpeare.
Unknowing to command, proud to obey
A lij'elefs king, a royal {hade I lay. Prior.
L I F
Li'felesly. adv. [from lifelefs.] Without vigour; frigidly j
jejunely.
Li'felike. n.f. [life and like.] Like a living perfon.
Minerva, lifelike, on embodied air
Imprefs’d the form of Ipthcma the fair. Pope's Odyffey.
Li'fEstring. n.f. [life andfiring.] Nerve; firings imagined
to convey life.
Thefe lines are the veins, the arteries,
The undecaying lifejlrings of thofe hearts
That ftill {hall pant, and {till fhall exercife
The motion fpirit and nature both impart. Daniel's Muf.
Lifetime, n.f. [life and time.] Continuance or duration of life.
Jordain talked profe all his life-time, without knowing
what it was. Addifon on ancient Medals.
Lifewe'ary. adj. [life and weary.] Wretched; tired of living.
Let me have
A dram of poifon, fuch foon fpeeding geer
As will difperfe itfelf through all the veins;
That the lifeweary taker may fall dead: Shakefpeare
To Lift. v. a. [lyffta, Swedilh; loffter, Danifh.]
I.To raife from the ground ; to heave; to elevate; to hold on
high. . f
Filial ingratitude !
Is it not as this mouth ftiould tear this hand
For lifting food to’t. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Your guefts are coming;
Lift up your countenance, as ’twere the day
Of celebration of that nuptial. Shakefp. Winter Tale.
Propp’d by the fpring, it lifts aloft the head,
But of a fickly beauty foon to lhed, >
In fummer living, and in winter dead. Dryden. 3
3.To bear; to fupport. Not in ufe.
So down he fell, that th’ earth him underneath
Did groan, as feeble fo great load to life Fairy Queen.
3. To rob; to plunder.
So weary bees in little cells repofe,
But if night robbers lift the well-ftor’d hive;
An humming through their waxen city grows. Dryden*
4. To exalt; to elevate mentally.
My heart was lift up in the ways of the Lord. 2 Chron.
Of Orpheus now no more let poets tell.
To bright Caecilia greater pow’r is given.
His numbers rais’d a {hade from hell.
Hers lift the foul to heav’n. Pope's St. Cacilia.
5. To raife in fortune.
The eye of the Lord lifted up his head from mifery. Eccluf.
6. To raife in eftimation.
Neither can it be thought, becaufe fome leffons are chofen
out of the Apocrypha, that we do offer difgrace to the word
of God, or lift up the writings of men above it. Hooker.
7. To exalt in dignity.
See to what a godlike height
The Roman virtues lift up mortal man. Addifon's Cato.
8. To elevate; to fwell with pride.
Lifted up with pride. Tim. iii. 6.
Our fucceffes have been great, and our hearts have been
too much lifted up by them, fo that we have reafon to
humble ourfelves. Atterbury s Sermons.
9. Up is fometimes emphatically added to lift.
He lift up his fpear agaiijft eight hundred, whom he flew
at one time. 2, Sam. xxiii. 8.
Arife, lift up the lad, and hold him in thine hand. Genefis.
To Lift. v. n. To ftrive to raife by ftrength.
Pinch cattle of pafture while fummer doth laft,
And lift at their tailes ’yer a winter be paft. Tujfer's Hujb.
The mind, by being engaged in a tafk beyond its ftrength,
like the body {trained by lifting at a weight too heavy, has
often its force broken. Locke.
Lift. n.f. [from the verb.] The aft of lifting} the manner
of lifting.
In the lift of the feet, when a man goeth up the hill, the
weight of the body beareth moft upon the knees. Bacon.
In races, it is not the large ftride, or high lift, that makes
the fpeed. Bacon s EJfays.
The goat gives the fox a lift, and out he fprings. L'Ejlr.
2. [In Scottilh.] The Iky : for in a ftarry night they fay, How
clear the lift is !
3. Effedt; ftruggle. Dead lift is an effort, to raife what with
the whole force cannot be moved; and figuratively any ftate
of impotence and inability.
Myfelf and Trulla made a ftiift
To help him out at a dead lift. Hudibras, p. i.
Mr. Dodtor had puzzled his brains
In making a ballad, but was at a ftand;
For you freely muft own, you were at a dead lift. Swift.
4. Lift, in Scotland, denotes a load or furcharge of any thing ;
as alfo, if oqe be dilguifed much with liquor, they fay, He
has got a g^eat lift.
5. Lifts of a fail are ropds to raife or lower them at pjeafure,
Li'fter. n.f. [from lift.] One that lifts.
Thou, O Lord, art my glory, and the lifter up of mine
head. PM 3*
15 L To
t
L I G
To Lie, v. n. [leggen, Dutch.] To lie.
Thou kenft the great care
I have of thy health and thy welfare.
Which many wild hearts liggeh in wait,
For to entrap in thy tender ftate. Spenfer’s Paforals.
LI;GAMENT, n.f. [ligamentum, from Hgo, Latin; ligament,
French.]
Ligatnent is a white and folid body, fofter than a cartilage,
but harder than a membrane ; they have no confpicuous ca¬
vities, neither have they any fenfe, left they fliould fuffer
upon the motion of the joint: their chief ufe is to faften the
bones, which are articulated together for mofion, left they
Thould be diflocated with exercife. Quincy.
Be all their ligaments at once unbound,
And their disjointed bones to powder ground. Sandys.
The incus fttuate between the two former is one way join¬
ed to the malleus, the other end being a procefs is fixed with
a ligament to the ftapes. Holder's Elements oj Speech.
2. [In popular or poetical language.] Any thing which connects
the parts of the body.
Though our ligaments betimes grow weak,
We muft not force them till themfelves they break. Denh.
3. Bond ; chain; entanglement.
Men fometimes, upon the hour of departure, do fpeak and
reafon above themfelves; for then the foul, beginning to be
freed from the ligaments of the body, reafons like herfelf, and
difeourfes in a ftrain above mortality. Addifon's Spectator.
Ligame'ntal. 1 n.f. [from ligament.] Compofing a ligaLigame'ntous. f ment.
The urachos or ligamental paftage is derived from the bot¬
tom of the bladder, whereby it difehargeth the watery and
urinary part of its aliment. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
The clavicle is inferted into the firft bone of the fternon,
and bound in by a ftrong ligamentous membrane. IFifeman.
Liga'tion. n.f. [ligatio, Latin.]
1. The add of binding.
2. The ftate of being bound.
The dumber of the body feems to be but the waking of
the foul: it is the ligation of fenfe, but the liberty of reafon.
Addifon's Spectator, N°. 487.
Li'g ATURE. n.f. [ligature, French; ligatura, Latin.]
1, Any thing bound on ; bandage.
He deludeth us alfo by philters, ligatures, charms, and
many fuperftitious ways in the cure of difeafes. Brown.
If you flit the artery, and thruft into it a pipe, and call a
ftrait ligature upon that part of the artery ; notwithftanding
the blood hath free paftage through the pipe, yet will not the
artery beat below the ligature ; but do but take off the liga¬
ture it will beat immediately. Ray on Creation,
The many ligatures of our Englilh drefs check the circu¬
lation of the blood. Spedlator, N°. 576*
I found my arms and legs very ftrongly faftened on each iide
to the ground; I likewife felt feveral flender ligatures acrofs
my body, from my arm-pits to my thighs. Gulliver's Trav.
2. The add of binding.
The fatal noofe performed its office, and with molt Uriel
ligature fqueezed the blood into his face. Arbuth. J. Bull.
Any ftoppage of the circulation will produce a dropfy, as
by ftrong ligature, or compreffion. Arbuthnot on Diet.
•3. The ftate of being bound.
Sand and gravel grounds eafily admit of heat and moifture,
for which they are not much the better, becaufe they let it
pafs too foon, and contra# no ligature. Mortimer's Hufb.
LIGHT, n.f [leojpr, Saxon.]
1. That quality or action of the medium of fight by which we
fee.
Light is propagated from luminous bodies in time, and
fpends about feven or eight minutes of an hour in palling
from the fun to the earth. Newton s Opticks.
2. Illumination of mind; inftruddion; knowledge.
O/ thofe things which are for direddion of all the parts of
our life needful, and not impoffible to be difeerned by the
light of nature itfelf, are there not many which few mens na¬
tural capacity hath been able to find out. Hooker, b. i.
Light may be taken from the experiment of the horfetooth rinp, how that thofe things which affuage the ftrife of
the fpirits, do help difeafes contrary to the intention defired.
Bacon's Natural Hijlory, N°. 968.
I will place within them as a guide
My umpire confcience, whom if they will hear
Light after light well us’d they fhall attain, _
And to the end perlifting fafe arrive. Milton s Par. Loft.
I opened Ariofto in Italian, and the very firft two lines
gave me light to all I could defire. Dryden.
If this internal light, or any propofition which we take lor
infpired, be conformable to the principles of reafon, or to
the word of God, which is attefted revelation, reafon war¬
rants it. Locke.
The ordinary Words of language, and our common ule of
them, would have given us light into the nature of our ideas,
if confidered with attention- > Locke.
The books of Varro concerning navigation are loft, which
' (o
LI G
no doubt would have given us great light in thofe mattcrs> Arbuthnot on Coins.
3. The part of a piddure which is drawn with bright colours,
or in which the light is fuppofed to fall.
Never admit two equal lights in the fame picture ; but the
greater light muft ftrike forcibly on thofe places of the pic¬
ture where the principal figures are ; diminifhing as it comes
nearer the borders. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
4. Reach of knowledge; mental view.
Light, and underftanding, and wifdom, like the wifdom
of the gods, was found in him. Dan.v. 11.
We law as it were thick clouds, which did put us in fome
hope of land, knowing how that part of the South fea was
utterly unknown, and might have illands or continents that
hitherto were not come to light. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
They have brought to light not a few profitable experi¬
ment Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
5. Point of view ; fttuation; direction in which the light falls.
Frequent confideration of a thing wears off the ftrangenefs
of it; and flrews it in its feveral lights, and various ways of
appearance, to the view of the mind. South.
It is impoffible for a man of the greateft parts to confider
any thing in its whole extent, and in all its variety of lights.
Addifon's Spectator, N°. 409.
An author who has not learned the art of ranging his
thoughts, and fetting them in proper lights, will lofe himfelf
in confuiion. Addifon's Spectator, NJ. 291.
6. Explanation.
I have endeavoured, throughout this difeourfe, that every
former part might give ftrength unto all that follow, and
every latter bring fome light unto all before. Hooker, b. i.
We Ihould compare places of feripture treating of the fame
point: thus one part of the facred text could not fail to give
light unto another. Locke's EJJ'ay on St. Paul’s Epijiles.
7. Any thing'that gives light; a pharos; a taper.
That light we fee is burning in my hall;
How far that little candle throws his beams.
So fhines a good deed in a naughty world. Shakefpeare.
Then he called for a light9 and fprang in, and fell down
before Paul. Aits xvi. 29.
I have fet thee to be a light of the Gentiles, for falvation unto the ends of the earth. Adis xiii. 47.
' Let them be for figns,
For feafons, and for days, and circling years ;
And let them be for lights, as I ordain
Their office in the firmament of heav’n,
To give light on the earth. Milton's Par. Lojl.
I put as great difference between our new lights and an¬
cient truths, as between the fun and an evanid meteor.
Glanville's Seep.
Several lights will not be feen,
If there be nothing elfe between ;
Men doubt becaufe they ftand fo thick i’ th’ Iky,
If thofe be ftars that paint the galaxy. Cowley.
I will make fome offers at their fafety, by fixing fome
marks like lights upon a coaft, by which their fhips may
avoid at leaft known rocks. Temple.
He ftill muft mourn
The fun, and moon, and ev’ry ftarry light,
Eclips’d to him, and loft in everlafting night. PrioT.
Light, adj. [leohr, Saxon.]
1. Not tending to the center with great force; not heavy.
Hot and cold were in one body fixt.
And loft with hard, and light with heavy mixt. Dryden.
Thefe weights did not exert their natural gravity till they
were laid in the golden balance, infomuch that I could not
v guefs which was light or heavy whilrt I held them in my
hand. Addifon's Spectator, N>. 463.
2. Not burdenfome ; eafy to be worn, or carried, or lifted;
not onerous.
Horfe, oxen, plough, tumbrel, cart, waggon, and wain.
The lighter and ftronger the greater thy gaine. Tuffer.
It will be light, that you may bear it
Under a cloke that is of any length. Shakefpeare.
A king that would not feel his crown too heavy, muft:
wear it every day ; but if he think it too light, he knoweth
not of what metal it is made. Bacon's Ejfays.
3. Not affliddive; eafy to be endured.
Every light and common thing incident into any part of
man’s life. ‘ Hooker, b. ii.
Light fuff’rings give us leifure to complain,
We groan, but cannot fpeak, in greater pain. Dryden.
4. Eafy to be performed ; not difficult; not valuable.
Forgive
If fiddions light I mix with truth divine.
And fill thefe lines with other praife than thine. Fairfax*
Well pleas’d were all his friends, the talk was light.
The father, mother, daughter, they invite. Dryden.
5. Eafy to be added on by any power.
Apples of a ripe flavour, frefh and fair.
Mellow’d by winter from their cruder juice,
Light of digeftion now, and fit for ufe. Dryden's Juvenal.
6. Not
L I G L I G
6 Not heavily armed. i r ;
Paul us Bachitius, with a company of horfemen, lay
dofe in ambufh, in a convenient place for that purpofe. Knot.
7. Active; nimble.
He fo light was at legerdemain, _
That what he touch’d came not to light again. Spenjer.
Aiahel was as light of foot as a wild roe. 2 Sam. ii. lo.
There Stamford came, for his honour was lame
Of the gout three months together;
But it prov’d, when they fought, but a running gout.
For heels were lighter than ever. _ Denham*
Youths, a blooming band ; ^ (
Light bounding from the earth at once they rife, ^
Their feet half viewlefs quiver in the (kies. Pope s UdyJ.
% Unencumbered; unembarraffed ; clear of impediments.
Unmarried men are beft matters, but not beft fubjedts;
for they are light to run away. aeon.
a Slifl t ; not great. . ,
9* A light error in the manner of making the following trials
was enough to render fome of them unfuccefsful. Boyle.
jO. -Not crafs ; not grofs.
In the wildernefs there is no bread, nor water, and our
foul loatheth this light bread. ^ UT,U xxu 5*
Light fumes are merry, groffer fumes are lad, ?
Both are the reafonable foul run mad. Dryd. Nun s Tale.
11. Eafy to admit any influence ; unfteady; unfettled ; looie.
Falfe of heart, light of ear, bloody of hand. Shakejpeare.
Thefe light vain perfons (till are drunk and mad
With furfeitings, and pleafures of their youth. Davies.
They are light of belief, and great lifteners after news.
1 .Howell.
There is no greater argument of a light and inconsiderate
perfon, than prophanely to feoff at religion. 'Tillotfon s Serin.
12. Gay ; airy ; without dignity or folidity ; trifling.
Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light, ShakeJ.
12. Not chafte ; not regular in conduit.
Let me not be light,
For a light wife doth make a heavy hufband. Shakefpeare.
I4. [From tight, n.f] Bright; clear.
As foon as the morning was lights the men were lent
wav Gen. xliv. 3.
The horfes ran up and down with their tails and mains on
a light fire. Knolles'
35. Not dark ; tending to Whitenefs.
In painting, the light and a white colour are but one and
pame thing: no colour more refembles the air than \\hite,
and by confequence no colour which is lighter. Dryden.
Two cylindric bodies with annular fulci, found with (harks
teeth, and other (hells, in a light coloured clay. IVobdward.
Light, adv. [for lightly, by colloquial corruption.] Lightly;
cheaply. - „ _ . ,
Shall we fet light by that cuftom of reading, from whence
fo precious a benefit hath grown. Hooker, b. v.
To Light, v. a. [from light, n.f]
3. To kindle ; to inflame ; to fet on fire.
Swinging coals about in the wire, throughly lighted them.
Boyle.
This truth (hines fo clear, that to go about to prove it,
were to light a candle to feek the fun. Glanville s Seep.
The maids, who waited her commands,
Ran in with lighted tapers in their hands. Dryden.
Be witnefs gods, and ftrike Jocafta dead.
If an immodeft thought, or low deilre.
Inflam’d my bread fince firft our loves were lighted.
Dryden and Lee’s Oedipus.
Abfence might cure it, or a fecond miftrefs
Light up another flame, and put out this. Addiforis Cato.
2. To give light to; to guide by light.
A beam that falls,
Frefh from the pure glance of thine eye,
Lighting to eternity. Crajhaw.
Ah hopelefs, lading flames ! like thofe that burn
To light the dead, and warm th’ unfruitful urn. Pope.
3. To illuminate. \
The fun was fet, and vefper to fupply
His abfent beams, had lighted up the fky. Dryden.
4. Up is emphatically joined to light.
No fun was lighted up the world to view. Dryd. Ovid.
5. [From the adjedfive.] To lighten ; to eafe of a burthen.
Land fome of our paffengers,
And light this weary veffel of her load. Fairy Hfueen.
To Light, v. n. [licit, by chance, Dutch.]
I. To happen; to fall upon by chance.
No more fettled in valour than dilpofed to juftice, if either
they had lighted on a better friend, or could have learned to
make friendlbip a child, and nothe the father of virtue. Sidney.
The prince, by chance, did on a lady light.
That was right fair, and frelh as morning role. Fa. ^u.
Haply, your eye (hall light upon fome toy
You have defire to purchafe. Shakefpeare.
As in the tides of people once up, there want not dining
Winds to make them more rough; fo this people did light
upon two ringleaders. Bacon s Henry Vllthi
Of late years, the royal oak did light upon count Rhodophil. Howells Vocal Forejl;
The way of producing fuch a change on colours may be
eafily enough lighted on, by thofe conversant in the dilutions
of mercury. Boyle on Colours.
He fought by arguments to footh her pain;
Nor thofe avail’d : at length he lights on one.
Before two moons their orb with light adorn,
If heav’n allow me life, I Will return. Dryden.
Truth, light upon this way, is of no more avail to us than
error; for what is fo taken up by us, may be falfe as well as
true; and he has not done his duty, who has thus (tumbled
upon truth in his way to preferment. Locke.
Whofoever firft lit on a parcel of that fubftance we call
gold, could not rationally take the bulk and figure to de¬
pend on its real effence. , Locke'.
As wily reynard walk’d the ftreets at night;
On a tragedian’s ma(k he chanc’d to light,
Turning it o’er, he mutter’d with difdain.
How vaft a head is here without a brain. Addifon .
A weaker man may fometimes light on notions which
have efcaped a wifer. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind'.
2. [Aligjytan, Saxon.] To defeend from a horfe or carriage.
When Naaman faw him running after him, he lighted
down from the chariot to meet him. 2 Kings v. 21.
I faw ’em falute on horfeback.
Beheld them when they lighted, how they clung
In their embracement. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when (he faw Ifaac, (he
lighted off the camel. Gen. xxiv. 64.
The god laid down his feeble rays;
Then lighted from his glittering coach. Swift-.
’3. To fall in any particular direction.
The wounded deed curvets ; and, rais’d upright;
Lights on his feet before : his hoofs behind
Spring up in air aloft, and la(h the wind. Dryden's A£n»
4. To fall; to ftrike on.
He at his foe with furious rigour fmites.
That ftrongeft oak might feem to overthrow 5
The ftroke upon his (hield fo heavy lights,
That to the ground it doubleth him full low. Fairy
At an uncertain lot none can find themfelves grieved on
whomfoever it lighteth. Hooker, b. i.
They (hall hunger no more; neither (hall the fun light on
them, nor any heat. _ Rev. vii, 16.
On me, me only, as the fource and fpring
Of all corruption, all the blame lights due. Milt. Pa. L.
A curfe lights upon him prefently after : his great army is
utterly ruined, he himfelf (lain in it, and his head and right
hand cut off, and hung up before Jerufalem. South's Serm.
5. To fettle; to reft.
I plac’d a quire of fuch enticing birds;
That (he will light to liften to their lays* Shakefpeare4
Then as a bee which among weeds doth fall.
Which feem fweet flow’rs, with luftre fre(h and gay;
She lights on that, and this, and tafteth all.
But pleas’d with none, doth rife and foar away. Davis.
Plant trees and (hrubs near home, for them to pitch on at
their (warming, that they may not be in danger of being
loft for want of a lighting place. Mortimers Hufbandry.
To Lighten, v. n. [pit, hgr, Saxom]
j. To fla(h, with thunder.
This dreadful night,
That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roafs
As doth the lion. Shakefpeare s Julius Cafar,
Although I joy in thee,
I have no joy of ihis contract to night;
It is too rafh, too unadvis’d, too fudden,
Too like the light’ning, which doth ceafe to be
Ere one can fay it lightens. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
The lightning that lighteneth out of the one part under hea¬
ven, (heweth unto the other parti Luke xvn. 244
2. To (hine like lightning.
Yet looks he like a king: behold his eye;
As bright as is the eagle’s, lightens forth
Controlling majefty. Shakefp. Richard II.
3. To fall or light, [from light.]
O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us, as our truft is in
ty,ee Common Prayer*
To Lighten, v* a. [from light.]
1. To illuminate ; to enlighten.
Upon his bloody finger he doth wear
A precious ring, that lightens all the hole. Shakefpeare*
O light, which mak’ft the light which makes the day,
Which lett’ft the eye without, and mind within;
Lighten my fpirit with one clear heav’nly ray,
Whifh now to view itfelf doth firft begin. Davies,
A key of fire ran all along the (hore;
And lighten'd all the river with a blaze. Dryden.
L I G L I G
, Nature from the ftorm
Shines out afrefli; and through the lighten'd air
A higher luftre, and a clearer calm,
Diffufive tremble. Thomfon's Summer.
2.1 o exonerate ; to unload.
The mariners were afraid, and caft forth the wares that
towe in the fhip into the fea, to lighten it of them. Jon. i. 7.
3* To make lefs heavy.
Long fince with woe
Nearer acquainted, now I feel by proof,
That fellowfhip in pain divides not fmart.
Nor lightens aught each man’s peculiar load. Parad. Reg.
Strive
In offices of love how we may lighten
Each other’s burden. Milt. Pa. Loji.
4- To exhilarate j to cheer.
A trufty villain, very oft,
When I am dull with care and melancholy.
Lightens my humour with his merry jefts. Shakefpeare.
The audience are grown weary of continued melancholy
fcenes ; and few tragedies (hall fucceed in this age, if they
are not lightened with a courfe of mirth. Dryd. Span. Friar.
Li'ghter. n.f. [from light, to make light.] A heavy boat into
which (hips are lightened or unloaded.
They have cock boats for paffengers, and lighters for bur-
*hen. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
He climb’d a ftranded lighter's height.
Shot to the black abyfs, and plung’d downright. Pope.
Li'ghterman. n.f. [lighter and man. 1 One who manages a
lighter. &
Where much (hipping is employed, whatever becomes of
the poor merchant, multitudes of people will be certain
gainers j as ftlipwrights, butchers, carmen, and lightermen.
Child's Difcourfe on Trade.
Lightfi'ngered. adj. [light and finger.J Nimble at con¬
veyance j thievifh.
Li'ghtfoot. adj. {light and foot.] Nimble in running or
dancing; active.
And eke the lightfoot maids that keep the deer. Spenfer.
Him fo far had born his lightfoot fteed.
Pricked with wrath and fiery fierce difdain,
That him to follow was but fruitlefs pain. Fairy fihieen.
And all the troop of lightfoot Naiades
Flock all about to fee her lovely face. Spenfer's Fa. fi{u.
Lightfo'ot. n.f. Venifon. A cant word.
Lighthe'aded. ad. [light and head.]
1. Unfteady; loofe; thoughtlefs; weak.
The Englifh liturgy, how pioufly and wifely foever framed,
had found great oppofition ; the ceremonies had wrought only
upon lightheaded, weak men, yet learned men excepted
againft fome particulars. Clarendon.
2. Delirious ; difordered in the mind by difeafe.
Lighthe'adedness. n. f. Delirioufnefs ; difordef of the
mind.
Lighthe'arted. adj. [light anti heart.] Gay ; merry; airy;
cheerful.
Lightho'use. n.f. [light and houfe.] An high building, at
the top of which lights are hung to guide (hips at fea.
He charged himfelf with the rifque of fuch veffels as car¬
ried corn in winter; and built a pharos or lighthoufe. Arbuth.
Build two poles to the meridian, with immenfe lighthoufes
on the top of them. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Lightle'gged. adj. [light and leg.] Nimble; fwift.
Lightlegged Pas has got the middle fpace. Sidney.
Li'ghtless. adj. [from light.] Wanting light; dark.
Li'ghtjly. adv. [from light.J
1. Without weight.
This grave partakes the flelhly birth.
Which cover lightly, gentle earth. Benj. Johnfon,
2. Without deep impreflion.
The foft ideas of the cheerful note.
Lightly receiv’d, were eafily forgot. Prior.
3. Eafily ; readily; without difficulty ; of courfe.
If they write or fpeak publickly but five words, one of
them is lightly about the dangerous eftate of the church of
England in refpedt of abufed ceremonies. Hooker, b. iv.
Believ’t not lightly that your fon
Will not exceed the common, or be caught
With cautelous baits and practice. Shakefp, Coriolanus.
Short Summer lightly has a forward fpring. Shakefp.
The traitor in fadtion lightly goeth away with it. Bacon.
4. Without reafon.
Flatter not the rich; neither do thou willingly or lightly
appear before great perfonages. Taylor's Guide.
Let every man that hath a calling be diligent in purfuancc of its employment, fo as not lightly, or without reafonable occafion, to negledt it. Taylor s Holy Living.
5. Without affliction ; cheerfully.
Bid that welcome
Which comes to punifli us, and we punifti it,
Seeming to bear it lightly. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
6. Not chaftly.
If I were lightly difpofcd, I could fiill perhaps have offers,
that fome, who hold their heads higher, would be glad to
accept. Swift's Story of an injured Lady.
7. Nimbly; with agility; ndt heavily or tardily;
Methought I flood on a wide river’s bank;
When on a fudden, Torifmbnd appear’d,
Gave me his hand, and led me lightly o’er;
Leaping and bounding on the billows heads,
Till fafely we had reach’d the farther ihore. L>ryden.
8. Gaily; airily; with levity; without heed or care.
Lightmi'nded. adj. [light and mind.] Unfettled; unffeady.
He that is hafty to give credit is lightminded. Feel. Xix. 4.
Li'ghtness. n.f [from light:]
1. Levity; want of weight; abfence of weight.
Some are for marts of (hips, as fir and pine, becaufe of
their length, ftraightnefs, and lightnefs. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
Suppofe many degrees of littlenefs and lightnefs in particles;
fo as many might float in the air a good while before they
fell* Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. Inconftancy; unfteadinefs.
For, unto knight there is no greater fhame,
Than lightnefs and inconftancy in love. Fairy fiberen.
Of two things they muft chufe one ; namely, whether
they would, to their endlefs difgrace, with ridiculous lightnefs,
difmifs him, whofe reftitution they had in fo importunate
manner defired, or elfe condefcend unto that demand. Hooker.
As I blow this feather from my face,
Obeying with my wind when I do blow.
And yielding to another when it blows.
Commanded always by the greateft guft;
TT^U,Chn? the ^Sf}tnefs of y°u common men. Shakefpeare.
3. Unchaftity; want of conduit in women.
Is it the difdain of my eftate, or the opinion of my light¬
nefs, that have emboldened fuch bafe fancies towards me ?
. , Sidney, b. ii.
Can it be.
That modefty may more betray our fenfe.
Than woman’s lightnefs. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meafure.
4. Agility; nimblenefs.
ITghtning. n'fi [from lighten, lightening, lightning.]
1. The flafh that attends thunder.
Lightning is a great flame, very bright, extending every
way to a great diftance, fuddenly darting upwards, and there
ending, fo that it is only momentaneous. Mufchenbroek.
Senfe thinks the lightning born before the thunder ;
2.
Davies.
Dryd. JEn.
Granville.
What tells us then they both together are ?
Salmoneus, fuff’ring cruel pains I found
For emulating Jove ; the rattling found
Of mimick thunder, and the glitt’ring blaze
Of pointed lightnings, and their forky rays.
No warning of the approach of flame.
Swiftly, like fudden death, it came;
Like travellers by lightning kill’d,
I burnt the moment I beheld.
Mitigation; abatement.
How oft when men are at the point of death.
Have they been merry ? which their keepers call
A lightning before death. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
We were once in hopes of his recovery, upon a kind meffage from the widow; but this only proved a lightning before
death. Addifons Spectator, N°. c'17
Lights, n.f. [fuppofed to be called fo from their lightnefs in
proportion to their bulk.] The lungs; the organs of breathing.
The complaint was chiefly from the lights, a part as of no
quick fenfe, fo no feat for any (harp difeafe. Havward
Xi'ghtsome. adj. [from light.J
!• Luminous; not dark ; not obfeure ; not opake.
Neither the fun, nor any thing fenfible is that light itfelf
Wrhl? 13 ]henClUfe tHat thbSS are hhtfome, though it make
itfelf, and aft things elfe, vifible ; but a body moft enlighten¬
ed, by whom the neighbouring region, which the Greeks
call aether, the place of the fuppofed element of fire, is etfcifted and qualified. „ , . ,
White walls make rooms more lightfome than black^ lac.
1 Ure’ an<^ ^nts, are required to make co¬
lours Itghtfome. Nat. Hijlcry.
rj. The Sun
is courfe exalted through the Ram had run
rough Taurus, and the lightfome realms of love. Dryd.
2. Cay; airy; having the power to exhilarate.
It fuiteth fo fitly with that lightfome affection of joy,
wherein God delighteth when his faints praife him. Hooker.
The lightfome paffion of joy was not that which now often
ufurps the name; that trivial, vanifhing, fuperficial thing,
that only gilds the apprehenfion, and plays upon the furface
of the foul. South's Sermons.
CrGHTsoMENEss. n.f. [from lightfome.]
I. Luminoufnefs; not opacity; not obfeurity; not darkfomenefs.
It
L I K
It is to our atmofphere that the variety of colours, which
are painted on the (kies, the lightfomenefl of our air and the
twilight, are owing. . Cheyne’s Phtlojopbical Principles.
2. Cheerfulnefs ; merriment; levity.
Lign a'loes. n.f [lignum aloes, Latin,] Aloes wood.
The vallies ipread forth as gardens by the river s lidc* as
the trees of lignaloes which the Lord hath planted, and as
cedar trees befide the water Nwn.iwiv. 6
Li'gneoUS. adj. [Ugneus, Latin ; ligneux, French.] Made of
wood; wooden; refembling wood.
It fhculd be tried with fhoots of vines, and roots or red
rofes ; for it may be they, being of a more ligneous nature,
will incorporate with the tree ltfelf. Bacon s A at Htfl.
Ten thoufand feeds of the plant harts-tonguc, hardly
make the bulk of a pepper-corn : now the covers, and the
true body of each feed, the parenchymous and ligneous part
of both,’ and the fibres of thofe parts, multiplied one by an¬
other, afford a hundred thoufand millions of formed atoms,
but how many more we cannot define. Grcw's Cofmol.
LIGNUMVITsF. n.f. [Lat.] Guiacum ; a very hard wood.
It hath pinnated leaves ; the flower confifts of kveral pe¬
tals which are placed orbicularly, and expand in form of
a rofe; the pointal of the flower, which arifes from the cen¬
ter of the calyx, becomes a flefhy, roundifh, ftony fruit, or
the ftony feeds are furrounded with a thin pulp. Miller.
Li'gure. n.f. A precious done.
The third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyit. txocl.
LIKE. adj. [lie, Saxon; liik, Dutch.]
1. Refembling; having refemblance.
Whom art thou like in thy greatnefs. tzek. xxxi. 2.
Kis fon, or one of his illuftrious name,
How' like the former, and almoft the fame. Dryd. /En.
As the earth was deftgned for the being of men, why
miaht not all other planets be created for the like ufes, each
for3their own inhabitants. - Bentley's Sermons
This plan, as laid down by him, looks liker an umverial
art than a diftin£1 logick. _ Baker's RefleX. on Learning.
2. Equal; of the fame quantity. ,
More clergymen were impovcrilhed by the late war, than
ever in the like fpace before. Sprat's Sermons.
2. [For likely.] Probable; credible.
The trials were made, and it is like that the experiment
would have been effectual. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
, Likely; in a ftate that gives probable expetfations. I Ins
is, I think, an improper, though frequent, ufe.
If the duke continues thefe favours towards you, you are
like to be much advanced. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
He is like to die for hunger, for there is no more bread.
Jer. xxxviii. 9.
The vearly value thereof is already increafed double of that
it was within thefe few years, and is like daily to rife higher,
till it amount to the price of our land in England. Davies.
Hopton refolved to vifit Waller’s quarters, that he might
iudere whether he were like to purfue his purpofe. Clarendon.
J Many v/ere not eafy to be governed, nor like to conform
themfelyes to ftriCt rules. _ Clarendon, b. viii.
If his rules of reafon be not better fuited to the Mind than
his rules for health are fitted to our bodies, he is not like to
be much followed. Baker’s Reflexions on Learning.
Like n.f. [This fubftantive is feldom more than the adjec¬
tive ufed elliptically; the like for the like tbiifg, or like
perfon.]
1. Some perfon or thing refembling another.
He was a man, take him for all in all,
I {hall not look upon his like again. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Every like is not the fame, O Caefar. Shakef. Jul. Cafar.
Though there have been greater fleets for number, yet for
the bulk°of the (hips never the like. Bacon's War with Spain.
Albeit an eagle did bear away a lamb in her talons, yet a
raven endeavouring to do the like was held entangled. Hayw.
One offers, and in offering makes a (fay;
Another forward fets, and doth no more ;
A third the like. Daniel’s Civil War.
His defire
Bv converfation with his like to help.
Or folace his defects. Milton's Paradife Lofl, b. viit.
Two.likes may be miftaken. L’EJlrange s Fab.
She’d (tudy to reform the men.
Or add fome grains of folly more,
* 'f'o women than they had before;
This mhTht their mutual fancy (trike,
Since ev’ry being loves its like. Swift.
2 Near approach ; a (late like to another (late. A fenfe com¬
mon, but not juft. ,
Report beiiw carried feeretly from one to another in my
{hip, had like fo have been my utter overthrow. Raleigh.
Like. adv.
1. In the fame manner; in the fame manner as.
The joyous nymphs, and lightfoot fairies,
Which thither came to hear their mufick lwect;
Now hearing them fo heavily lament,
Like hcavily'lamenting from them went. bpenjer.
L I K
Like as a father pitieth his children, fo the Lord pitieth
them that fear him. , ^ , Pfal. ciii. 13.
Arc we proud and paflionate, malicious and revengeful l
Is this to be like-minded with Chrift, who was meek and
lowly ? • „ Tillotjbn’s Sermons.
What will be my confufioii, when he fees me
Neglq£ted, and forfaken like himfelf. Philips’s Dijl. Mother.
They roar’d like lions caught in toils, and rag d :
The man knew what they were, who heretofore
Had feen the like lie murther’d on the (hore. Waller.
2. In fuch a manner as befits.
Be ftrong, and quit yonrfelvcs like men. 1 Sam. iv. 9.
3. Likely ; probably. A popular ufe not analogical.
I like the work well, ere it be demanded,
As like enough it will, I’d have it copied. Shahcfpcare.
To Like. v. a. [lican, Saxon; liiken, Dutch.]
1. To chufe with fome degree of preference.
As nothing can be fo reafonably fpoken as to content all
men, fo this fpeech was not of them all liked. Knolles.
He gave fuch an account as made it appear that he liked
the defign. Clarendon, b. viii.
We like our prefent circumftances well, and dream of no
change. ' Atterbury s Sermons.
2. To approve ; to view with approbation, not fondnefs.
He (fayed behind to bring the fhepherds with whom he
meant to confer to breed the better Zelmane’s liking, which
he only regarded. Sidney, b. i.
Though they did not like the evil he did, yet they liked
him that did the evil. Sidney, b. ii.
He grew content to mark their fpeeches, then to marvel at
fuch wit in fhepherds, after to like their company. Sidney.
He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to
loving. Sidney.
For feveral virtues
I have lik’d feveral women ; never any
With fo full foul. Sbakefpeare’s Tempefl.
I look’d upon her with a fcldier’s eye ;
That liked, but had a rougher talk in hand
Than to drive liking to the name of love. Shakefpeare.
Scarce any man paffes to a liking of fin in others, but by
firft praCtifing it himfelf. South’s Sermons,
Beads can like, but not diftinguifh too,
Nor their own liking by reflection know. Drydcn.
3.To pleafe ; to be agreeable to. Now difufed.
Well hoped he, ere long that hardy gueft,
If ever covetous hand, or luftful eye.
Or lips he laid on thing that lik’d him beft.
Should be his prey. Spenfer’s Fairy fljueen, b. ii.
Say, my fair brother now, if this device
Do like you, or may you to like entice. Plubbercl’s Tale.
This defire being recommended to her majefty, it liked
her to include the fame within one entire leafe. Bacon.
He (hall dwell where it liketh him beft. Dcut. xxiii. 16.
There let them learn, as likes them, to defpife
God and Melfiah. Miltons Paradife Lofl, b. vi.
To Like. v. n. 1
1. To be pleafed with, with of before the thing approved. ,
Obfolete.
Of any thing more than of God they could not by any
means like, as long as whatfoever they knew befides God,
they apprehended it not in itfelf without dependancy upon
God. 1 Hooker, b. i.
The young foldiers did with fuch cheerfulnefs like of this
refolution, that they thought two days a long delay. Knolles.
It is true, there are limits to be fet betwixt the boldnefs
and rafhnefs of a poet; but he mull underftand thofe limits
who pretends to judge, as well as he who undertakes to
write: and he who has no liking to the whole, ought in rea¬
fon to be excluded from cenfuring of the parts. Drydsn.
2. To chufe ; to lift ; to be pleafed.
The man likes not to take his brother’s wife. Dent. xxv. 7.
He that has the prifon doors fet open is perfectly at liber¬
ty, becaufe he may either go or ftay, as he beft likes. Locke.
Livelihood. ) , rfrom/iW j
Li'keliness.
1. Appearance; (hew. Obfolete.
What of his heart perceive you in his face,
By any likelihood he (how’d to-day ?
—That with no man here he is offended. Shakefpeare^
2. Refemblance ; likenefs. Obfolete.
The mayor and all his brethren in beft fort,
Like to the fenators of antique Rome,
Go forth and fetch their conqu’ring Caifar in.
As by a low, but loving likelihood.
Were now the general of our gracious emprefs,
As in good time he may, from Ireland coming,
How many would the peaceful city quit,
To welcome him. Shakefpeare’s Henry X.
There is no likelihood between pure light and black darknefs, or between righteoufnefs and reprobation. Raleigh.
3. Probability ; verifimilitude; appearance of truth.
As it noteth one fuch to have been in that age, fo had
15 M ^ere
L I K
many.**01 m°C’ woulJ b>' S‘UJmd « well have noted
r lany likelihood, informed me of this before, which hung
rnifdoubt^ m ^ ba3anc-’ that 1 could neither believe "
L i M
nor
Shakefpeare s All's well that ends well.
_ It never yet did hurt,
I °(!ay doWn ancl forms of hope. Shakefpeare.
As there is no likelihood that the place could be fo altered,
jo is there no probability that thefc rivers were turned out of
hWl°Ur eu- . Raleigh's Hiji. of the World.
jeret nngs aie lead: to be put to the venture, as the
, "frefts of the other world ought to be; there every,
even tie ea > probability, or likelihood of danger, fhould be
provided agamic South’s Sermons.
eie me predictions of our Saviour recorded by the Evan-
§C ! S’ rT'rr1 ,n°.t coiripleted till after their deaths, and
had no likelihood of being fo when they were pronounced by
our bleiled Saviour. Addifon on the Chrijlian Religion.
Ihu:,, in ail ukehhood, would it be with a libertine, who
hou.d have a vifit from the other world : the firft horror it
f [aicd would go off, as new diverftons come on. Atterbury.
in kely. adj. [from like. 1 J’
1. ouch as may be liked; fuch as may pleafe. Obfolete.
I hefe young companions make themfelves believe they
love at^ the firft looking of a likely beauty. Sidney.
Sir John, they are your likeliejl men ;' I would have you
2. .
liobable; p,v k !> If' fuch as may in•
reafon ,
beshakthought ‘fi- H‘-y
or
I
believed- v-1
fuch as may be thought more reafonably than the contrary. ’
K?irT',' Probabl7 ’ as may reafonably be thought.
While man was innocent, he was likely ignorant of nothing that imported him to know. Glanvilles Seep.
I o Li ken. v. a. [from like.] To reprefent as having refeinbiance; to compare.
The prince broke your head for likening him to a fineins?
man of Windfor. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. ii.
For who, though with the tongue
Of angels, can relate ? or to what things
Liken on earth confpicuous, that may lift
Human imagination to fuch heighth
Of God-like power ? Milton’s Raradife Loft, l x\
Li'iceness. n.f [from like.] J J *
1, Refemblance ; ftmilitude.
They all do live, and moved are
To multiply the likenefs of their kind. Spenfer.
A tranflatcr is to make his author appear as charming as
he can, provided he maintains his charader, and makes him
not unlike hunfelf. Tranllation is a kind of drawing after
the life, where there is a double fort of likenefs, a good one
and a bad one. n j
ln luch cafes there will be found a better likenefs, and a
worfe ; and the better is conftantly to be chofen. J Dryden.
2. Form ; appearance.
Never came trouble to my houfe in the likenefs of your
grace; for trouble being gone, comfort fhould remain. Shak.
It is fafer to ftand upon our guard againft an enemy in the
likenefs of a friend, than to embrace any man for a friend in
the likenefs of an enemy. L’Ejtrange.
3- One who refembles another.
Poor Cupid, fobbing, fcarce could fpeak.
Indeed mamma, I did not know ye :
Alas ! how ealy my miftake ?
I took you for your likenefs Cloe. Prior.
Likewise, adv. [like and wife.'] In like manner; alfo; more¬
over ; too.
Jefus faid unto them, I alfo will afk you one thing, which
if ye tell me, I likewife will tell you by what authority I
do thefe things. Mat. xxi. 24.
bo was it in the decay of the Roman empire, and likewife
in the empire of Almaigne, after Charles the Great, every
bird taking a feather. Bacon’s EJfays.
Spirit of vitriol poured to pure unmixed ferum, coagulates
it as if it had been boiled. Spirit of fea-falt makes a perfedl
Coagulation of the ferum likewife, but with fome different
phenomena. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Li'king. adj. [Perhaps becaufe plumpnefs is agreeable to the
fight.J Plump; in a ftate of plumpnefs.
I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your meat
and your drink; for why fhould he fee your faces worfe
liking, than the children which are of your fort. Dan. i. 10.
Li'king. n.f [from like.]
1. Good ftate of body; plumpnefs.
I’ll repent, and that fuddenly, while I am in fome liking;
I fhall be out of heart fhortly, and then I fhall have no
flrength to repent. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
I heir young ones are in good liking; they grow up with
co * ... Job XJtxix. 4.
Cappadocian flaves were famous for their luftinefs ; and,
being in good liking, were fet on a ftall when expofed to fale,
to {hew the good habit of their body. Dryden’s Notes to Peril
2. State of trial.
I he royal foul, that, like the lab’ring moon.
By charms of art was hurried down ;
forc’d with regret to leave her native fphere.
Came but awhile on liking fore. Dryden.
3- Inclination.
Why do you longer feed on loathed light,
liking find to gaze on earthly mold. Fairy fhiecn.
Li each. n.f. [lilac, lilds, French.J A tree.
T he white thorn is in leaf, and the lilach tree. Bacon.
Li lied. adj. [from lily.] Ernbcllifhed with lilies.
Nymphs and fhepherds dance no more
By fandy Ladon’s li/lied banks. Milton.
LI'LY. n.f. [liliurn, Latin.J
T he lily hath a bulbous root, confifting of feveral flefhy
feales adhering to an axis ; the flalk is greatly furnifhed with
leaves ; the flower is compofled of fix leaves, and is fhaped
fomewhat like a bell : in fome fpecies the petals are greatly
refie^cd, but in others but little; from the centre of the
flower rifes the pointal, which becomes an oblong fruit, com¬
monly triangular, divided into three cells, and full of compiefied feeds, which are bordered, lying upon each other in
a double row. There are thirty-rtyvo fpecies of this plant,
including white lilies, orange lilies, red lilies, and martagons
of various forts. Miller,
„ Oh ! had the monfter fecn thofe My hands
1 remble, like afpen leaves, upon a lute,
And make the filken firings delight to kifs them;
He would not then have touch’d them for his life. Shakefp.
Shipwreck’d upon a kingdom where no pity !
o friends ! no hope 1 no kindred weep for me !
Ahnoft no grave allow’d me ! hke the lily,
J hat once was miftrefs of the field,' and flouriff’d,
V . iat,g Wy. hcadl and Petifll- Shakefp. Henry VIII.
, b!?US,| faraiVeii-°f La!y.’ is drawn Iike an o!d man>
1) rfht lldt; allon> homing forth in his right paw a red '
My, or flower-de-luce. Pjacham on Drawing.
1 ake but the humbleft lily of the field ;
And if our pride will to our reafon yield;
It muft by lure companion be firown,
That qn the regal feat great David’s fon.
Array d in all his robes, and types of pow’r.
Shines with lefs glory than that fimple flow’r. Prior.
Go, gentle gales, and bear my fighs along:
I or her the feather’d quires forget their fon0-,
For her the lilies hang their heads, and die.° p0pe
Lily-daffodil, n.f. [lido-narcijfus.] A foreign flower.
Lili -hyacinth, n.f [lilio-hyacinthus.]
It hath a lily flower, compofed of fix leaves, fhaped like the
flower of hyacinth, whofe pointal becomes a globular pointed
trmt, three-cornered, and divided into three cells, in which
arc contained many feeds, almoft round : the roots are fcaly,
and fhaped hke thofe of the My. There are three fpecies of
us plant; one with a blue flower, another white, and a
.third red. M-ll
UhYr( "''a Valleh °r May llly- n-f- LHlum ccnvallium.] ‘ ^
1 he flower confifts of one leaf, is fhaped like a bell, and
dmded at the top into -fix fegments ; the ovary becomes a
loft globular fruit, containing feveral round feeds. It is very
common in fhady wpods. Milie'-
LAy of the valley has a ftrong root that runs into the
t gr0Und‘ . Mortimer’s Hufbandry
Lilyli vered. adj. [My and liver.] Whitelivered; cowardlv.
knave, a tafcal, an eater of broken meats; a bafe
proud, fhallow, beggarly, tbree-fuited, hundred pound, fil¬
thy worfted-flocking knave; a lilylivered, action-taking
na\ e. Shakefpeare’s King Lear
Li mature n.f [limatura, Lat.J Filings of any metfl • the
particles rubbed off by a file. * 116
Limb. n.f. [hm,. Saxon and Scottifh ; lern, Danifh.]
1. A member; a jointed or articulated part of animals.
A fecond Hedtor, for his grim afpedt,
A‘o )aeFf.Pf°ifTi0n v°f h‘S ftr°nS kni£ ^mbs- Shakefp.
O . that I had her here, to tear her limb meal. Shakefp
Row am I come each limb to furvey,
If thy appearance anfwer loud report. ’ Milton’s Agonifles.
2. [Limbe, french; limbus, Latin.] An edee • a ],nr(tr " A
philofophical word. J § ’ a border‘ A
emer^l \er V *n^i -tbe Pr^ms ahout, the colours again
nT8W ! f ?C Whlt£nCls, the violct and the blue at its
inwaid limb, and at its outward limb the red and yellow.
t rr , Newton’s Opticks.
lo Limb. v. a. [from the noun.] 1
1. To fupply with limbs.
-r. ,• , , „ As they pleafe,
icy limb themfelves, and colour, fhape, and fizc
Aliume, as likes them beft, condenfe, or rare. Milton.
2. ^10 tear afunder ; to difmember.
LFmbeck. n. f [corrupted by popular pronunciation from
alembick.] A ftill.
Her cheeks, on which this ftreaming neflar fell
Still’d through the limbeck of her diamond eyes. ’Fairfax.
Ali
L I M L I M
All others from all things draw all that’s good,
Life, foul, form, fpirit, where they being have;
I, by love’s limbeck. Donne.
Fires of Spain, and the line,
Whofe countries limbecks to our bodies be,
Canft thou for gain bear ? Dome.
Call up, unbound,
In various fhapes, old Proteus from the fea,
Drain’d through a limbeck to his naked form. Milton.
The earth, by fecret conveyances, lets in the fea, and
fends it back frefti, her bowels ferving for a limbeck. Hoivell.
He firft furvey’d the charge with careful eyes.
Yet judg’d, like vapours that from limbecks rife.
It would in richer fhowers defce.nd again. Dryclen.
The warm limbeck draws
Salubrious waters from the nocent brood. Philips.
Li'mbed. adj. [from limb.J Formed with regard to limbs.
A fteer of five years age, large limb'd, and fed,
To Jove’s high altars Agamemnon led. Pope's Iliad.
Li'mber. adj. Flexible j eafily bent; pliant; lithe.
You put me off with limber vows. Shakefpeare.
I wonder how, among thefe jealoufies of court and ffate,
Edward Atheling could fubfift, being then the apparent and
indubitate heir of the Saxon line : but he had tried, and found
him a prince of limber virtues; fo as though he might have
fome place in his caution, yet he reckoned him beneath his
fear. Wotton.
At once came forth whatever creeps the ground.
Infect, or worm : thole wav’d their limber fans
For wings ; and fmalleff lineaments exa£t
In all.the liveries deck’d of Summer’s pride. Milton.
She durlt never Hand at the bay, having nothing but her
long foft Umber ears to defend her. More on Atheifm.
The muffles were ftrong on both fides of the afpera arteria, but on the under fide, oppofite to that of the oefophagus, very limber. Ray on Creation.
At laft the ulcer is covered over with a Umber callus. Harv.
Li'mbjeRNESS. n.f. [from limber.] Flexibility; pliancy.
LFmbo. n.f. [Eo quodfit limbus inferorurn. Du Cange.]
1. A region bordering upon hell, in which there is neither pleafure nor pain. Popularly hell.
No, he is in tartar limbo, worfe than hell,
A devil in an everlafting garment hath him.
One whofe hard heart is button’d up with ffeel. Shakcfp.
Oh what a fympathy of woe is this !
As far from help as limbo is from blifs. Shakefp.
All thefe up-whirl’d aloft
Fly o’er the backfide of the world far off.
Into a limbo large, and broad, fmee call’d
The paradife of fools. Milton's Paradife Lof, b. iii.
2. Any place of mifery and reftraint.
For he no fooner was at large.
But Trulla ftraight brought on the charge;
And in the felf-fame limbo put
The knight and fquire, where he was {hut. Hudibras.
Friar, thou art come off thyfelf, but poor I am left in
limbo. Dryden's Spanijh Friar.
Lime. n.f. [lim, gelyman, Saxon, to glue.]
I. A vifeous fubftance drawn over twigs, which catches and
entangles the wings pf birds that light upon it.
Poor bird ! thoud’ft never fear the net or lime.
The pitfall, nor the gin. Sbakefpeare’s Macbeth.
You muff lay lime, to tangle her defires.
By wailful fonnets, whofe compofed rhimes
Should be full fraught with ferviceable vows. Shakefp.
Monfter, come put fome time upon your fingers, and
away with the reft. Sbakefpeare s Tempefl.
Jollier of this ffate
Than are new-bcnefic’d minifters, he throws.
Like nets or lime twigs, wherefo’er he goes,
Flis title of barrifter on every wench. Donne.
A poor thrufh was taken with a bufh of lime twigs.
L'Ejbange's "fables.
*1 hen toils for bcafts, and lime for birds were found,
And deep-mouth’d dogs did foreft walks furround. Dryden.
Or court a wite, fpread out his wily parts
Like nets, or lime twigs, for rich widows hearts. Pope.
2. Matter of which mortar is made : fo called beca.ufe ufed in
cement.
There are fo many fpecies of lime {tone, that we are to
underftand by it in general any ftone that, upon a proper de¬
gree of heat, becomes a white calx, which will make a
great ebullition and noife on .being thrown into water, falling
into a loofe white po wder at the bottom. I he lime we have
in London is ufually made of chalk, which is weaker than
that made of ftone. Dill's Materia Medica.
They were now, like fand without lime, ill bound toge¬
ther, especially as many as were Englifh, who were at a
gaze, looking ftrange one upon another, not knowing who
was faithful to their fide. Bacon's IRnry VII.
As when a lofty pile is rais’d,
We never hear the workmen prais’d,
Who bring the lime, or place the ftones,
But all admire Inigo Jones. ' Swift.
Lime is commonly made of chalk, or of any fort of ftone
that is not fandy, or very cold ; as freeftone, he. Mortimer„
Lime tree, or Linden, n.f.
[Lino, Saxon.] The linden tree.
1 he flower confifts of feveral leaves, placed orbicularly,
in the form of a rofe, having a long narrow leaf growinz to
the footftalk of each duller of flowers, from whole cup rifes
the pointal, which becomes tefticulated, of one capfulc,
containing an oblong feed. The timber is ufed by carver?
and turners. I hefe trees continue found many years, and
grow to a confiderable bulk. Sir Thomas'Brown mentions
one, in Norfolk, fixteen yards jn circuit. Millar.
Go, gentle gales ! and bear my fighs along.
For her the limes their pleaftng fhades deny.
For her the lilies hang their heads, and die. Pope.
4. A fpecies of lemon, [lime, French.]
Bear me, Pomona ! to thy citron groves ;
To where the lemon and the piercing lime,
With the deep orange glowing through the green,
Their lighter glories blend. Tbomfoh's Summer.
To JviME. v. fi, [from h??ie,J
I. To entangle; to enfnare.
Oh bofom, black as death ! .
Oh limed foul, that, ftruggling to be free,
Art more engaged. “ ° Sbakefpeare's Hamlet.
Example, that fo terrible (hows in the wreck of maiden¬
hood, cannot, for all that, diffuadefucceftion, but that they
are limed with the twigs that threaten them. Sbakefpeare.
The bird that hath been limed in a bufh,
With trembling wings mifdoubeth ev’ry bufh;
And I, the haplefs male to one fweet bird,
Have now the fatal objed in my eye,
Where my poor young was lim'd, was caught, and kill’d;
Sbakefpeare's Hcr.rv VL
1. To fmear with lime.
Myfelf have lim’d a bufh for her.
And place a quire of fuch enticing birds.
That file will light to liften to their lays. Sbakefpeare.
Thofe twigs in time will come to be limed, and then you
are all loft if you do but touch them. L’E/trame.
3. To cement.
I will not ruinate my father’s ho-ufe,
Who gave his blood to lime the ftones together,
And fet up Lancafter. Shakefp. Henry VI.
4. To manure ground with lime.
The reafon why they did fo was, becaufe of the encourage¬
ment which that abatement of intereft gave to landlords and
tenants, to improve by draining, marling, and liming. Child.
All forts of peafe love limed or marled land. Mortimer.
Li'mekiln. n.f [l-ime and kiln.] Kiln where ftones are burnt
to lime.
. The counter gate is as hateful to me, as the reek of a
lime kiln. Shakefp. Merry Hives of Ifindfor.
They were found in a lime kiln, and having puffed the
fire, each is a little vitrified. Woodward.
Limestone, n.J. [lime andJione.] The ftone of which lime
is made.
Fire ftone and limefone, if broke fmall, and laid on cold
lands, muff: be of advantage. Adcrtimer’s Dufoandry.
Lime-water, n.f
Lime water, made by pouring water upon quick lime, with
fome other ingredients to take off its ill flavour, is of great
fervice internally in all cutaneous eruptions, and difeafes of
the lungs. _ Hill's Materia Medica.
He tried an experiment on wheat infufed in lime water
alone, and fome in brandy and lime wafer mixed, and had
from each grain a great increafe. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
LIMIT, n.f. [limite, French; limitor, Latin.] Pound; bor¬
der ; uimoft reach.
The whole limit of the mountain round about fhall be
moft holy. _ Exod. xfiii. 12.
To Li'mit. v. a, [limiter, French, from the noun.] To con¬
fine with certain bounds; to reftrain ; to circumlcribe ; not
to leave at large.
They tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Ifrael.
Pfal. lxxviii. 41.
Thanks I muft you con.
That you are thieves profeft ;
For there is boundlefs theft
In limited profeflions. Shakefp. Tnr.on of Athens.
If a king come in by conqueft, he is no longer a limited
monarch. Swift.
2. To reftrain from a lax or general figniftcation; as, the univerfe is here limited to this earth.
Limita'nfous. adj. [from limit.] Belonging to the bounds.
Dictionary.
Li'mitary.
L I M L I N
Li'mitarV. adj. [from limit.] Placed at the boundaries as a
guard or fupcrintendant.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains,
Proud limitary cherub ! Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Limitation, n.f [(limitation, French ; limitation Latin.]
1. Reftridtion ; circiimfcription.
Limitation of each creature, is both the perfedlion and the
prefervation thereof. Hooker, b. v.
Am I yoiirfelf,
But, as it were, in fort of limitation. Shakefp. Jul. Cafar.
I defpair, how this limitation of Adam’s empire to his line
and pofterity, will help us to one heir. This limitation, in¬
deed, of our author, will lave thofe the labour, who would
look for him amongft the race of brutes; but will very little
contribute to the difcovery amongft men. Locke.
If a king come in by conqueft, he is no longer a limited
monarch ; if he afterwards confent to limitations, he becomes
immediately king de jure. Swift.
2. Confinement from a lax or undeterminate import.
The caufe of error is ignorance ; what reftraints and limi¬
tations all principles have in regard of the matter whereunto
they are applicable. Hooker, b. v.
Li'mmer. n.f A mongrel. Ainf.
To Limn. v. a. \enluminer, French, to adorn books with pic¬
tures.] To draw} to paint anything.
Mine eye doth his effigies witnefs,
Moft truly limn'd, and living in your face. Shakefpeare.
Emblems limned in lively colours. Peacham.
How are the glories of the field fpun, and by what pencil
are they limned in their unaffedted bravery ? Glanville.
Li'mner. n.f. [corrupted from enlumineur, a decorator of
books with initial pictures.] A painter} a pidlure-maker.
That divers limners at a diftance, without either copy or
defign, fhould draw the fame pidlure to an undiftinguifhable
exadtnefs, is more conceivable than that matter, which is
fo diverfiiied, fhould frame itfelf fo inerringly, according to
the idea of Its kind. Glanville's Scept.
Poets are limners of another kind.
To copy out ideas in the mind }
Words are the paint by which their thoughts are fhown.
And nature is their objedl to be drawn. Granville.
Li'mous. adj. [limofts, Latin.] Muddy; flimy.
That country became a gained gYound by the muddy and
limous matter brought down by the Nilus, which fettled by
degrees unto a firm land. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
They efteemed this natural melancholick acidity to be the
limous of flimy feculent part of the blood. Flayer.
Limp. adj. \limpio, Italian.]
1. Vapid; weak.
The chub eats waterifh, and the flefh of him is not firm,
limp and taftelefs. IValton's Angler.
2. It is ufed in fome provinces, and in Scotland, for limber,
flexile.
To Limp. v. n. [limpen, Saxon.] To halt; to walk lamely.
An old poor man.
Who after me hath many a weary ftep
Limp'd in pure love. Shakefp. As you like it.
Son of fixteen,
Pluck the lin’d crutch from thy old limping fire. Shakefp.
How far
The fubftance of my praife doth wrong this fhadoW
In underprifing it} fo far this fhadow
Doth limp behind the fubftance. Shakefpeare.
When Plutus, which is riches, is fent from Jupiter, he
limps and goes flowly} but when he is fent by Pluto, he
runs, and is fwilt of foot. Bacon.
Limping death, lafh’d on by fate,
Comes up to fhorten half our date. Dryden's Horace.
The limping fmith obferv’d the fadden’d feaft.
And hopping here and there put in his word. Dryden.
Can fyllogifm fet things right ?
No : majors foon with minors fight:
Or both in friendly confort join’d,
The confequence limps falfe behind. Prior.
Li'mpet. n.f. A kind of fhell fifh. Ainfworth.
Li'mpid. adj. [limpide, French} hmpidus, Lat.j Clear; pure;
transparent. /
The fprings which were clear, frefh, and limpid, become
thick and turbid, and impregnated with fulphur as long as
the earthquake lafts. Woodward's Natural Hiflory.
The brook that purls along
The vocal grove, now fretting o er a rock,
Gently diffus’d into a limpid plain. Thomfon's Summer.
Li'mpidnesS. n.f. [from limpid.] Clearnefs; purity.
Li'mpingly. adv. [from limp.] In a lame halting manner.
Li'my. adj. [from lime.]
1. Vifcous; glutinous.
Striving more, the more in laces ftrong
Himfelf he tied, and wrapt his winges twain
In limy fnarcs the fubtil loops among. Spenfer.
2. Containing lime.
A human fkull covered v/ith the /kin, having been bu¬
ried in fome limy foil, was tanned, or turned into a kind of
leather. Grew's Mujaum.
To Lin. v.n. [ablmnan, Saxon.] To flop; to give over.
Unto his foe he came,
Refolv’d in mind all fuddenly to win,
Or foon to lofe before he once would lin. Fairy fhicen.
Li'nchpin. n.f. flinch and pin.] An iron pin, that keeps the
wheel on the axle-tree. Di£i.
Li'nctus. n.f. [from lingo, Latin.] Medicine licked up by
the tongue.
Linden, n.f. [lino, Saxon.] The lime tree. See Lime.
Hard box, and linden of a fofter grain. Dryden.
Two neighb’ring trees, with walls encompafs’d round,
One a hard oak, a fofter linden one. Dryden.
Line. n.f. [linea, Latin.]
1. Longitudinal extenfion.
Even the planets, upon this principle, muft gravitate no
more towards the Sun ; fo that they would not revolve in
curve lines, but fly away in diredt tangents, till thev ftrucE
againft other planets. Bentley's Sermons.
2. A flender firing.
Well fung the Roman bard ; all human things.
Of deareft value, hang on flender firings ;
O fee the then foie hope, and in defign
Of heav’n our joy, fupported by a line. Waller.
A line fcldom holds to ftrein, or draws ftreight in length,
above fifty or fixty feet. Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes,
3. A thread extended to direct any operations.
We as by line upon the ocean go,
Whofe paths fhall be familiar as the land.- Dryden.
4. The firing that fuftains the angler’s hook.
Victorious with their lines and eyes,
They make the fifhes and the men their prize. Waller.
5. Lineaments, or marks in tfte hand or face.
Long is it fince I faw him,
But time hath nothing blurr’d thofe lines of favour
Which then he wore. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
I fhall have good fortune ; go to, here’s a fimple line of
life; here’s a fmall trifle of wives. Shakefpeare.
Here, while his canting drone-pipe fcan’d
The myftic figures of her hand.
He tipples palmeftry, and dines
On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland.
6. Delineation; fketch.
You have generous thoughts turned to fuch fpeculations :
but this is not enough towards the raifing fuch buildings as
I have drawn you here the lines of, unlets the diredlion of
all affairs here were wholly in your hands. Temple.
The inventors meant to turn fuch qualifications into perfons as were agreeable to his character, for whom the line
was drawn. Pope's EJJ'ay on Homer.
7. Contour; outline.
Oh lafting as thofe colours may they fhine,
Free as thy itroke, yet faultlefs as thy line ! Pope.
8. As much as is written from one margin to the other; a
verfe.
In the preceding line, Ulyffes fpeaks of Nauficaa, yet im¬
mediately changes the words into the mafeuline gender.
Broome’s Notes on the Odyjfey.
In many lines thefe few epiflles tell
What fate attends. Garth.
9. Rank.
10. Work thrown up ; trench.
Now fnatch an hour that favours thy defigns.
Unite thy forces, and attack their lines. Dryden s AEn.
11. Method; difpofition.
The heavens themfelves, the planets, and this center,
Obferve degree, priority, and place,
Infifture, courfe, proportion, feafon, form,
Office and cuftom, in all line of order, Shakefpeare.
12. Extenfion; limit.
Eden ftretch’d her line
From Auran eallward to the royal tow’rs
Of great Selcucia. Mi.ton's Paradife Lojl, b. iv.
13. Equator; equinodlial circle.
When the fun below the line defeends.
Then one long night continued darknefs joins. Creech.
14. Progeny; family, afeending or defending.
He chid the fillers
When firft they put the name of king upon me,
And bade them fpeak to him ; then prophet like.
They hail’d him father to a line of kings. Shakefpeare.
He fends you this moft memorable line.
In ev’ry branch truly demonftrative,
Willing you overlook this pedigree. Shakefp. Henry V.
Some lines were noted for a ftern, rigid virtue, favage,
haughty, parfimonious and unpopular; others were fweec
and affable. Dryden.
His empire, courage, and his boafted line,
Were all prov’d mortal. Rofcommon.
A golden 5
LIN L I N
A golden bowl
The queen commanded to be crown’d with wine,
The bowl that Belus us’d, and all the Tyrian line. Dfyd.
The years
Ran fmoothly on, productive of a line
Of wife heroick kings. Philips.
15. A line is one tenth of an inch. Locke.
16. [In the plural.] A letter; as, I read your lines.
17. Lint or flax.
To Line. v. a. [fuppofed by Junius from linum, linings being
made of linen.]
1. To cover on the infide.
A box lined with paper to receive the mercuiy that might
be fpilt. Boyle.
2. To put any thing in the infide.
The charge amounteth very high for any one man’s purfe,
except lined beyond ordinary, to reach unto. Carew.
Her women are about her: what if I do line one of their
hands. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
He, by a gentle bow, divin’d
How well a cully’s purfe was lin'd. Swift.
3. To guard within.
Notwithftanding they had lined fome hedges with mufqueteers, they were totally difperfed. Clarendon, b. viii.
4. To ftrengthen by inner works.
Line and new repair our towns of war
With men tif courage, and with means defendant. Shakef.
5. To cover.
Son of fixteen.
Pluck the Ibt'd crutch from thy old limping fire. Shakefp.
6. To double ; to ftrengthen.
Who lin'd himfelf with hope.
Eating the air, on promife of fupply. Shakefpeetre.
My brother Mortimer doth ftir
About his title, and hath fent for you
To line his enterprife. Shakefp. Henry TV. p. i.
The two armies were afligned to the leading of two ge¬
nerals, both of them rather courtiers, and allured to the
ftate, than martial men; yet lined and afiifted with fubordinate commanders of great experience and valour. Bacon,
7. To impregnate, applied to animals generating.
Thus from the Tyrian paftures lin'd with Jove
He bore Europa, and ftill keeps his love. Creech.
Lineage, n.f. [linage, French.] Race; progeny; family,
afeending or defeending.
Both the lineage and the certain fire
From which I fprung, from me are hidden yet. Fa. §ht.
Jofeph was of the houfe and lineage of David. Luke ii. 4.
The Tirfan cometh forth with all his generation or lineage,
the males before him, and the females following him; and
if there be a mother from whofe body the whole lineage is
defeended, there is a traverfe where lhe fitteth. Bacon.
Men of mighty fame.
And from th’ immortal gods their lineage came. Dryden.
No longer Ihall the widow’d land bemoan
A broken lineage, and a doubtful throne,
But boaft her royal progeny’s increafe,
And count the pledges of her future peace. Acldifon.
This care was infufed into them by God himfelf, in or¬
der to afeertain the defeent of the Meffiah, and to prove that
he was, as the prophets had foretold, of the tribe of Ju¬
dah, and of the lineage of David. Atterbury's Sermons.
LI'NEAL. adj. [linealis, from linea, Latin.J
1. Compofed of lines ; delineated.
When any thing is mathematically demonftrated weak,
it is much more mechanically weak; errors ever occurring
more eafily in the management of grofs materials than lineal
defigns; JVotton's Architecture.
2. Defeending in a direft genealogy.
To re-eftablilh, de fa£io, the right of lineal fucceffion to
paternal government, is to put a man in pofleffion of that
government which his fathers did enjoy, and he by lineal fucceflion had a right to. Locke.
3. Claimed by defeent.
Peace be to France, if France in peace permit
Our juft and lineal ent’rance to our own. Sbakef. K. John,
4. Allied by direft defeent.
Queen Ifabel, his grandmother,
Was lineal of the lady Ermengere. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
O that your brows my laurel had fuftain’d !
Well had I been depos’d if you had reign’d:
The father had defeended for the fon;
For only you are lineal to the throne. Dryden,
Li'nf.ally. adv. [from lineal.'] In a direft line.
If he had been the perfon upon whom the crown had
lineally and rightfully defeended, it was good law. Clarendon.
Li'neament, n.f. [lineament, French; lineamentum, Latin.]
Feature; diferiminating mark in the form.
When that my mother went with child
Of that infatiate Edward, noble York
Found that the ifl’ue was not his begot:
Which well appeared in his lineaments,
Being nothing like the noble duke, my father. Shakefp*
In companions
There muft needs be a like proportion
Of lineaments, of manners, and of fpirit. Shakefpeare.
Six wings he wore, to fliade
His lineaments divine. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. v.
Man he feems
In all his lineaments, though in his face.
The glimpfes of his father’s glory fhine. Paradife Reg.
There are not more differences in mens faces, and the
outward lineaments of their bodies, than there are in the
makes and tempers of their minds; only there is this dif¬
ference, that the diftinguilhing characters of the face, and
the lineaments of the body, grow more plain with time, but
the peculiar phyfiognomy of the mind is moft difcernible in
children. Locke.
Advance religion and morals, by tracing fome few linear
ments in the character of a lady, who hath fpent all her life
in the practice of both. Swift.
The utmoft force of boiling water is not able to deirroy
the ftructure of the tendereft plant: the lineaments of a white
lily will remain after the ftrongeft decoction. Arbuthnot.
Li'near. adj. [linearis, Latin.] Compofed of lines; havins:
the form of lines.
Where-ever it is freed from the fand ftone, it is covered
with linear ftrise, tending towards feveral centers, fo as to
compote flat ftellar figures. . Woodward on Fojfils.
Linea'tion. n.f. [lineutio, from linca.] Draught of a line or
lines.
There are in the horney ground two white lineations, with
two of a pale red. Woodward.
Li'nen. n.f [linum, Latin.] Cloth made of hemp or flax.
_ Here is a balket, he may creep in; throw foul linen upon
him, as if going to bucking. Shakefp. M. Wives ofWindfor.
Unfeen, unfelt, the fiery ferpent fldms
Between her linen and her naked limbs. Drvdsn’r
Li'nen. adj. [Imiu,, Latin.] ’ ‘
1. Made of linen.
A linen ftock on one leg, and a kerfey boot hofe on the
other, gartered with a red and blue lift. Shakefpeare.
2. Refembling linen.
Death of thy foul! thofe linen cheeks of thine
Are counfellors to fear. What foldiers, whey-face ? Shah
Linendr'aper. n.f. [linen and draper.] He who deals in linen.
Ling. n.f. [ling, Iflandick.]
1. Heath. This fenfe is retained in the northern counties; yet
Bacon feems to diftinguilh them.
Heath, and ling, and fedges. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
2. [Linghe, Dutch.] A kind of fea fifti.
When harveft is ended take fhipping, or ride.
Ling, fait filh, and herring, for lent to provide. Tuffer.
Our Englilh bring from thence good ftore of fifti, but
efpecially our deepeft and thickeft ling, which are therefore
called ifland lings. Abbot's Defcript. of the World.
Ling. The termination notes commonly diminution; as,
kitling, and is derived from klein, German, little; fometimes a quality; as, fabling, in which fenfe Skinner deduces
it from langen, old Teutonick, to belong.
To Li'nger. v. n. [from leng, Saxon, long.]
To remain long in languor and pain.
Like wretches, that have linger'd long,
We’ll fnatch the ftrongeft cordial of our love. Dryden.
Better to rulh at once to ftiades below,
Than linger life away, and nourilh woe. Pope’s Odyjfey.
To hefitate; to be in fufpenfe.
Perhaps thou ling'rejl, in deep thoughts detain’d
Of th’ enterprize fo hazardous and high. Paradife Reg.
To remain long. In an ill fenfe.
Let order die,
And let this world no longer be a ftage
To feed contention in a ling'ring aft. Shakefp. Henry TV.
Ye breth’ren of the lyre, and tuneful voice.
Lament his lot; but at your own rejoice.
Now live fecure, and linger out your days;
The gods are pleas’d alone with Purcel’s lays.
Your very fear of death Ihall make ye try
To catch the Ihade of immortality;
Wilhing on earth to linger, and to fave
Part of its prey from the devouring grave.
To remain long without any aftion or determination.
We have lingered about a match between Anne Page
and my coufin Slender, and this day we Ihall have our anfwer. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windjor.
To wait long in expeftation or uncertainty.
I muft lollicit
All his concerns as mine:
And if my eyes have pow’r, he Ihould not fue
In vain, nor linger with a long delay. DryderCs Cleomenes.
To be long in producing effeft.
She doth think, lhe has ftrange Ijng'ring poifons. Shakefp.
15 N To
1.
Dryden,
Phitor.
6.
5
L I N
Bi'nger. v. a. To protra£l: to draw out to length. Out
of ufe.
I can get no remedy againft this confumption of the purfe.
Borrowing only lingers and lingers it out, but the difeafe is
incurable. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. i.
She lingers my defires. Shakefpeare.
Let your brief plagues be mercy.
And linger not our fure deftruilions on. Shakefpeare.
Li'ngerer. n. f. [from linger.] One who lingers.
Li'ngeringly. adj. [from lingering.'] With delay; tedioufly.
Of poifons, fome kill more gently and lingeringly, others
more violently and fpeedily, yet both kill. Hale.
Li'nget. n.f. [from languet; lingot, French.] A fmall mafs
of metal.
Other matter hath been ufed for money, as among the
Lacedemonians, iron lingets quenched with vinegar, that they
may ferve to no other ufe. Camden.
Ll'NGO. n.f. [Portuguefe.] Language; tongue; fpeech. A
low cant word.
I have thoughts to learn fomewhat of your lingo, before I
crofs the feas. Congreve's Way of the World.
Lingua'cious. ad. [linguax, Latin.] Full of tongue; loqua¬
cious ; talkative.
Lingua de/ntal, adj. [lingua and dens, Latin.] Uttered by
the joint adtion of the tongue and teeth.
The linguadentalsf, v, as alfo the linguadentals th, dh, he
will foon learn. Holder's Elements of Speech.
Li'nguist. n. f. [from lingua.] A man fkilful in languages.
Though a linguift fhould pride himfelf to have all the
tongues that Babel cleft the world into, yet, if he had not
fludied the folid things in them, as well as the words and
lexicons, he were nothing fo much to be efteemed a learned
man, as any yeoman or tradefman competently wife in his
mother dialed! only. Milton on Education.
Our linguifl received extraordinary rudiments towards a
good education. Addifon's Spectator.
Li'ngwort. n.f. An herb.
Li'niment. n.f. [liniment, French ; linimentum, Lat.] Oint¬
ment ; balfarn ; unguent.
The noftrils, and the jugular arteries, ought to be anoint¬
ed every morning with this liniment or balfam. Harvey.
The wife author of nature hath provided on the rump two
glandules, which the bird catches hold upon with her bill,
and fqueezes out an oily pap or liniment, fit for the munition
of the feathers. Ray on Creation.
Li'ning. n.f [from line.]
1. The inner covering of any thing; the inner double of a
garment.
Was I deceived, or did a fable cloud
Turn forth her Tilver lining on the night. Milton.
The folds in the griftle of the nofe is covered with a lining,
Which differs from the facing of the tongue. Greiv's Cofnol.
The gown with ftiff embroid’ry fhining,
Looks charming with a /lighter lining. Prior.
2. That which is within.
The lining of his coffers fhall make coats
To deck our foldiers for thefe Irifh wars. Shakefpeare.
•Link, n.f [gelencke, German.]
1. A fingle ring of a chain.
The Roman Rate, whofe courfe will yet go on
The way it takes, cracking ten thoufand curbs
Of more ftrong links afunder, than can ever
Appear in your impediment. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
The moral of that poetical fiition, that the uppermoft link
of all the feries of fubordinate caufes, is faftened to Jupiter’s
chair, fignifies an ufeful truth.] Hale.
"Truths hang together in a chain of mutual dependance ;
you cannot draw one link without attracting others. Glanville.
While fhe does her upward flight fuftain,
Touching each link of the continued chain.
At length flie is oblig’d and forc’d to fee
A firft, a fource, a life, a deity. Prior.
2. Any thing doubled and clofed together.
Make a link of horfe hair very ftrong, and fallen it to the
end of the flick that fprings. Mortimer's Hufhandry.
3. A chain ; any thing connecting.
Nor airlefs dungeon, nor ftrong links of iron.
Can be retentive to the ftrength of fpirit. Shakefpeare.
I feel
The link of nature draw me; flefli of flefh,
Bone of my bone thou art. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
Fire, flood and earth, and air, by this were bound.
And love, the common link, the new creation crown’d.
Dryden's Knight's Tale.
4. Any fingle part of a feries or chain of confequences ; a gra¬
dation in ratiocination ; a propofition joined to a foregoing
and following propofition.
The thread and train of confequences in intellective ra¬
tiocination is often long, and chained together by divers
links, which cannot be done in imaginative ratiocination by
fome attributed to brutes. Judge Hale.
£. A feries: this fenfe is improper. Addifon has ufed link for
chain.
L I N
Though I have here only chofen this fingle link of martyrs,
I might find out others among thofe names which are ftill
extant, that delivered down this account of our Saviour in a
fucceflive tradition. Addifon on the Chrijlian Religion.
6. [From Aup^vof.J A torch made of pitch and hards.
O, thou art an everlafting bohefire light; thou haft faved
me a thoufand marks in links and torches, walking with thee
in the night betwixt tavern and tavern.' Shakefp. Henry IV.
Whereas hillory fhould be the torch of truth, he makes
her in divers places a fulginous link of lies. Hoivel.
Round as a globe, and liquor’d every chink,
Goodly and great he fails behind his link. Dryden.
One that bore a link
On a fudden clapp’d llis flaming cudgel,
Like Linftock, to the horfe’s touch-hole. Hudibras, p, ii,
7. Perhaps in the following paffage it may mean lamp-black.
There was no link to colour Peter’s hat;
And Walter’s dagger was not come from fheathing. Shak.
To Link. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To complicate ; as, the links of a chain.
Defcending tread us down
Thus drooping ; or with linked thunderbolts
Transfix us to the bottom of this gulph. Milt. Par. Lojl.
Againft eating cares.
Lap me in foft Lydian airs;
Married to immortal verfe,
Such as the meeting foul may pierce
In notes, with many a winding bought
Of linked fweetnefs long drawn out. Milton.
2. To unite ; to conjoin in concord.
They’re fo link'd in friendfhip.
That young prince Edward marries Warwick’s daughter.
Shakefpeare's Henry VI. p. iii.
3. To join.
Link towns to towns with avenues of oak,
Inclofe whole downs in walls, ’tis all a joke. Pope's Hor.
So from the firft eternal order ran,
And creature link'd to creature, man to man. Pope.
4. To join by confederacy or contrail.
They make an offer of themfelves into the fervice of that
enemy, with whofe fervants they link themfelves in fo near a
Hooker, b. 11.
Fairy fjkuecn.
bond.
Be advifed for the beft.
Ere thou thy daughter link in holy band
Of wedlock, to that new unknown gueft
Blood in princes link'd not in fuch fort,
As that it is of any pow’r to tye. Daniel's Civil War.
5. To conneit.
New hope to firing
Out of defpair; joy, but with fear yet link'd. Milton.
God has linkt our hopes and our duty together. Dec. ofPi.
So gracious hath God been to us, as to link together our
duty and our intereft, and to make thofe very things the inftances of our obedience, which are the natural means and
caufes of our happinefs. Tillotfon's Sennons.
6. To unite or concatenate in a regular feries of confequences.
Thefe things are linked, and, as it were, chained one to
another: we labour to eat, and we eat to live, and we live
to do good; and the good which we do is as feed fown, with
reference unto a future harveft. Hooker, b. i.
Tell me, which part it does neceflitate ?
Ill chufe the other ; there I’ll link th’ effeit;
A chain, which fools to catch themfelves projeit! Dryd.
By which chain of ideas thus vifibly linked together in
train, i. e. each intermediate idea agreeing on each fide with
thofe two, it is immediately placed between, the ideas of
men and felf-determination appear to be connected. Locke.
Li'nkboy. n.f. [link and boy.] A boy that carries a torch to*
accommodate paffengers with light.
What a ridiculous thing it was, that the continued fhadow of the earth fhould be broken by fudden miraculous difclufions of light, to prevent the officioufnefs of the linkboy.
More's Divine Dialogues.
Though thou art tempted by the linkman % call.
Yet truft him not along the lonely wall. Gay.
In the black form of cinder wench fhe came.
O may no linkboy interrupt their love. Gay's Trivia.
Li'nnet. n.f. [linot, french.] A fmall finging bird.
The fwallows make ufe of celandine, the linnet of euphragia, for the repairing of their fight. More's Antidote.
Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ? Pope.
Linse'ed. n.f. [femen hni, Latin.] The leed of flax, which is
much ufed in medicine.
The joints may be clofed with a cement of lime, linfeei
oil, and cotton. Mortimer's Hufhandry.
Li'nseywoolsey. adj. [linen and wool.] Made of linen and
wool mixed. Vile; mean; of different and unfuitable parts.
A lawlefs linjeywoolfte brother,
Half of one order, half another. Hudibras, p. i.
Peel’d, patch’d and pyebald, linfeywoolfey brothers,
Grave mummers ! fleevelcfs fome, .and fhirtlefs others.
Pope's Dunciad, b. iii.
Li'nstock.
L I P
T'I'm STOCK n.f. Uunie 0r lente' Teutonlck’ Knt and>^;] A
of wood with a match at the end of it, ufed by gunners
p? . Hanmer,
in firms cannon. i
1 ° The nimble gunner
With hnftock now the devilifh cannon touches.
And down goes all before him. Shakefp. Henry V.
The diftance judg’d for (hot of ev’ry fize,
The linjieds touch, the pond’rous ball expires. Dryden.
Lint. n.fi [linteum, Latin; llin, Welfh and Erie.]
The foft fubftance commonly called flax.
* Linen fcraped into foft woolly fubftance to lay on fores.
I drefled them up with unguentum bafihci cum vitello ovi,
upon pledgits of lint. WM* Surgery.
Li'ntel. n.f [linteaux, from linteal, French.] That part ol
the door frame that lies crofs the door polls over head.
Take a bunch of hyfop, and dip it in the blood that is in
the bafon, and ftrike the lintel and the two fide polls. Exod.
When you lay any timber on brick work, as lintels over
windows, lay them in loam, which is a great preferver of
Moxon's Mechayncal txercijes.
L I
Oh ! ’tis the fiend’s arch mock,
To lip a wanton, and fuppole her chafte. Shakefpeare.
Lipla'bour. n.f. [lip and labour.] Adlioi) of the lips without
concurrence of the mind ; words without fentiments.
Falling, when prayer is not dire&ed to its own purpofes,
is but liplabour. ‘Taylor's Rule of holy living.
Lipq'thymous. adj. [Xtlrroo and Su/ao?.] Swooning ; .fainting.
If the patient be furprifed with a lipothymous anguor, and
great oppreflion about the ftomach and hypoqhonders, expert
. no relief from cordials. Harvey on the Plague.
Lipo'thymy. n.f [XEi7roQvp.leo.] Swoon; faintingfit.
The fenators falling into a lipothymy, or deep fwooning,
made up this pageantry of death with a representing of it
unto life. Taylor's worthy Communicant.
In lipothymys or fwoonings, he ufed the frication of this lin¬
ger with faffron and gold. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Li'pped. adj. [from lip.] Having lips.
Li'ppitude. n.f [<lippitude, Fr. lippitudo, Latin,] Blearednefs of eyes.
timber.
Shakefpcare.
Difeafes that are infectious are, fuch as are in the fpirits
and not fo much in the humours, and therefore pafs eafily
from body to body ; fuch are peftilences and lippitudes. Bac.
Li'pwisdom. n.f. [lip and wijdom.] Wifdom in talk without
practice.
I find that all is but lipwifdom, which wants experienca; I
now, woe is me, do try what love can do. Sidney, b. i.
Li'quable. adj. [from liquo, Latin.] Such as may be melted.
Li'quation. n.f. [from liquo, Latin.]
1. The art of melting.
2. Capacity to be melted.
The common opinion hath been, that cryllal is nothing
but ice and fnow concreted, and by duration of time’, con¬
gealed beyond liquation. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
Peacham on Drawing. To Li'quate. v.n. [liquo, Latin.] To melt; to liquefy.
If the falts be not drawn forth before the clay is baked,
they are apt to liquate. Woodward on Fofflls.
Liquefa'ction. n.f. [liquefaCiio, Lat. liquefaction, French.]
L he a£l of melting ; the llate of being melted.
Heat difTolveth and melteth bodies that keep in their fpirits,
as in divers liquefactions; and fo doth time in honey, which
by age waxeth more liquid. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
The burning of the earth will be a true liquefaction or diffolution of it, as to the exterior region. Burnet.
LFquefiable. adj. [from liquefy.'] Such as may be melted.
There are three caufes of fixation, the even fpreading of
the fpirits and tangible parts, the clofenels of the tangible
parts, and the jejunenefs or extreme comminution of fpirits ;
the two firft may be joined with a nature liquefiable, the laft
not. Bacon's Natural Hijlory, N •. 799.
To LFQUEFY. v. a. fliquefirr, French; liquefacio, Latin.]
To melt; to diflolve.
That degree of heat which is in lime and afhes, being a
(mothering heat, is the moft proper, for it doth neither liquefy
nor rarefy ; and that is true maturation. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The wolf the kid/the wanton kid the browze. Dryden. To Liquefy, v. n.^ 1 o grow limpid.
If we may believe Pliny, lions do, in a very fevere man- The blood of St. Januarius liquefied at the approach of the
ner punifh the adulteries of the lionefs. Aylijfe's Parergon. faint’s head. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Li'onleaf. n.f [leontopetalon, Latin.] Lique'scency. n.f. [liquefientia, Latin.] Aptnefs to melt.
It hath a thick tuberofe perennial root; the flower is Lique'scent. n.J. [tiquejcens, Latin.] Melting,
naked and confifts of five or fix petals, which expand in Li'quid. adj. [liquidc, French; liquidus, Latin.]
feirm of a rofe, garnifhed with five (lamina ; in the middle t. Not folid ; not forming one continuous fubftance; fluid
of the flower strifes the pointal, which afterward becomes a ‘u" ;.J ~,'r~
Silver the lintals deep projecting o’er,
And gold the ringlets that command the door. Pope s UdyJ.
Li'on. n.f. [lion, French; leo, Latin.] The fierceft and moft
magnanimous of fourfooted beafts. ...
King Richard’s firname was Cor-de-Lion, for his lion-like
courage. . Camden's Remains.
Difmay’d not this
Our captains Macbeth and Banquo ? --Yes,
As fparrows, eagles, or the hare, the lion.
Be lion mettled ; proud, and take no care
Who chafes, who frets, or where confpirers are;
Macbeth (hall never vanquifh’d be. Shakef. Macbeth.
The fphinx, a famous monfter in Egypt, had the face of
a virgin, and the body of a lion. _ _ Peacham on Draiving.
They rejoice
Each with their kind, lion with lionefs ;
So fitly them in pairs thou haft combin’d. Milt. Pa. Loft.
The lion for the honours of his (kin,
The fqueezing crab, and flinging fcorpion fhine
For aiding heaven, when giants dar’d to brave
The threat’ned ftars. Creech's Manilins.
See lion hearted Richard,
Pioufly valiant, like a torrent fwell’d
With wintry tempefts, that difdains all mounds.
Breaking away impetuous, and involves
Within its fweep trees, houfes, men, he prefs’d,
Amidft the thickeft battle. Philips.
Ll'oness. n.f. [feminine of lion.] A fhe lion.
Under which bufh’s (hade, a lionefs
Lay couching head on ground, with catlike watch
When that the fleeping man (hould ftir. Shakefpeare.
The furious lionefs,
Forgetting young ones, through the fields doth roar. May.
The greedy lionefs the wolf purfues
Daniel.
bladder, containing many Miller. fpherical feeds
Li'on’s-mouth.
from lion.] The name of an herb.
Li'on s-mouth.]
Li'on’s-paw. ( n r rfr,
Li on s-tail. 1 J
Li'on’s-tooth. J
Lip. n.f. [hppe, Saxon.]
3. The outer part of the mouth, the mufcles that (hoot beyond
the teeth, which are of fo much ufe in (peaking, that they
are ufed for all the organs of fpeech.
Thofe happieft fmiles
That play’d on her ripe lip, feem’d not to know
What guefts were in her eyes. Shakefp. King Lear.
No fahhood (hall defile my lips with lies,
Or with a vail of truth difguife. Sandys's Paraph, on fob.
Her lips blufh deeper fweets. Thomfon's Spring.
2. The edge of any thing.
In manv places is a ridge of mountains fome diftance from
the fea, and a plain from their roots to the fliore; which
Gently rolls the liquid giafs.
2. Soft; clear.
Her bread, the fug’red neft
Of her delicious foul, that there does lie,
Bathing in ftreams of liquid melody. Crajhaw.
3. Pronounced without any jar or harfhnefs.
The many liquid confonants give a plcafing found to the
words, though they are all of one iyllable. Dryden's JEn.
Let Carolina fmooth the tuneful lay,
Lull with Amelia’s liquid name the nine,
And fweetly flow through all the royal line. Pope's Horace.
4. Diffolved, fo as not to be obtainable by law.
If a creditor (hould appeal to hinder the burial of his
debtor’s corpfe, his appeal ought not to be received, fince the
bufinefs of burial requires a quick difpatch, though the debt
be entirely liquid. Ayliffe's Parergon.
LIQUID. n.J'. Liquid fubftance ; liquor.
Be it thy choice, when Summer heats annoy.
To fit beneath her leafy canopy,
plain was formerly covered by the fea, which bounded againft Quaffing rich liquids
thofe hills as its firft ramparts, or as the ledges or lips of its To Liquidate, v. a. [from liquid.] To clear away
veflel. Burnet's Theory of the Earth. fen debts.
In wounds, the lips fink and are flaccid ; a gleet followeth, Liqui'r,ITY- n.f. [from liquid.] Subtilty.
Philip's.
; to iefand the flefh within withers. Wifemqn's Surgery.
3. To make a lip; to hang the lip in fullcnnefs and contempt.
A letter for me ! It gives me an eftate of feven years
health; in which time I will make a lip at the phyfician.
ShakeJ'peare's Coriolanus.
To Lip. v. a. [from the noun.] To kifs. Obfolete.
A hand, that kings
Have Upt, and trembled killing. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
The fpirits, for their liquidity, are more incapable than the
fluid medium, which is the conveyer of founds, to perfevere
in the continued repetition of vocal airs. Glanville's Seep.
Li'quidness. n. f. [from liquid.] Quality of being liquid;
fluency.
Oil of annifecds, in a cool place, thickened into the con¬
fidence of white butter, which, with the lead heat, refumed
its former liquidnefs. Boyle.
Li'QUOR.
%
L i s L I S
LFQUOR. n.f. [liquor, Latin ; liqueur, French.]
1. Any thing liquid : it is commonly ufed of fluids inebriating,
or impregnated with fomething, or made by deco&ion.
, Nor envy’d them the grape
tVhofe heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton.
Sin taken into the foul, is like a liquor poured into a veffel ; fo much of it as it fills, it alfo feafons. South's Sermons.
2. Strong drink; in familiar language..
To Liquor, v. a. [from the noun.] To drench or moiften.
Cart wheels fqueak not when they are liquored. Bacon,
Lirico'nfancy. n.f. A flower.
Lisne. n.f. A cavity; a hollow.
In the lifne of a rock at Kihgfcote in Gloilcefterfhire, I
found a bufhel of petrified cockles, each near as big as my
fift. JU(lge Hale's Originat. of Mankind.
To LISP. v. n. [Jdiyp, Saxon.] To fpeak with too frequent
appulfes of the tongue to the teeth or palate, like children.
Come, I cannot cog, and fay, thou art this and that, like
a many of thefe lifping hawthorn buds, that come like wo¬
men in mens apparel, and finell like Bucklerfbury in fimpling
time. Shakefpeare's Merry Wives ofIVindfor.
Scarce had {he learnt to lifp a name
Of martyr, yet fhe thinks it ftiame
Life fhould fo long play with that breath.
Which fpent can buy fo brave a death. Crajhaw.
They ramble not to learn the mode.
How to be dreft, or how to lifp abroad. Cleaveland.
Appulfe partial, giving fome paffage to breath, is made to
the upper teeth, and caufes a lifping found, the breath being
{trained through the teeth. Holder's Elements of Speech,
As yet a child, nor yet a fool to fame,
I Ufp’d in numbers, for the numbers came. Pope.
Lisp. n.f. [from the verb.] The a£t of lifping.
I overheard her anfwer, with a very pretty lifp, O! Strephon, you are a dangerous creature. Tatler, N°. 60,
Li'sper. n.f. [from Ufp.] One who lifps.
List. n.f. [life, French.]
j. A roll; a catalogue.
He was the ableft emperor of all the lifl. Bacon.
Some fay the loadftone is poifon, and therefore in the lijls
of poifons we find it in many authors. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Bring next the royal liji of Stuarts forth,
Undaunted minds, that rul’d the rugged north. Prior.
2. [Lice, French.] Inclofed ground in which tilts are run, and
combats fought.
The ocean, overpeering of his liji.
Eats not the flats with more impetuous hafie
Than young Laertes in a riotous head
O’er-bears your officers. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
She within lijls my ranging mind hath brought,
That now beyond myfelf I will not go. Davies.
Till now alone the mighty nations ftrove.
The reft, at gaze, without the lijls did ftand;
And threat’ning France, plac’d like a painted Jove,
Kept idle thunder in his lifted hand. Dryden.
Paris thy fon, and Sparta’s king advance.
In meafur’d lifts to tofs the weighty lance ;
And who his rival {hall in arms fubdue.
His be the dame, and his the treafure too. Pope’s Iliad.
3. [Lyytan, Saxon.] Defire; willingnefs; choice.
Alas, fhe has no fpeech !
—Too much;
I find it ftill when I have lifl to fleep. Shakefp. Othello.
Nothing of paffion or peeviftmefs, or lifl to contradict,
fhall have any bias on my judgment. King Charles.
He faw falfe reynard where he lay full low;
I need not fwear he had no UJl to crow. Dryden.
4. [Licium, Latin; liffe, French.] A ftrip of cloth.
A linen ftock on one leg, and a kerfey boot hofe on the
other, gartered with a red and blue lifl. Shakefpeare.
Instead of a lift of cotton, or the like filtre, we made ufe
of a fiphon of glafs. Boyle.
A UJl the cobler’s temples ties.
To keep the hair out of his eyes. Swift,
5. A border.
They thought it better to let them ftand as a lifl, or mar¬
ginal border, unto the Old Teftament. Hooker, l.v.
To List. v. n. [lyyran, Saxon.] To chufe; to defire; to be
difpofed; to incline.
Let other men think of your devices as they UJl, in my
judgment they be mere fanfies. Whitgift.
Unto them that add to the word of God what them lijlcth,
and make God’s will fubmit unto their will, and break God’s
commandments for their own tradition’s fake, unto them it
feemeth not good. Hooker, b. ii.
They imagine, that laws which permit them not to do as
they would, will endure them to fpeak as they liji. Hooker.
To fight in field, or to defend this wall.
Point what you UJl, I nought refufe at all. Fairy Sjueen.
Now by my mother’s fon, and that’s myfelf,
It {hall be moon, or ftar, or what I UJl, Shakefpeare.
, kings, lords of times, and of occafions, may
Take their advantage when, and how, they UJL Daniel.
When they UJl, into the womb
That bred them they return; and howl, and gnaw
My bowels, their repaft. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
To List. v. a. [from liji, a roll.]
1. To enlift; to enrol or regifter.
. For a man to give his name to Chriftianity in thofe days,
was to lift himfelf a martyr, and to bid farewel not only to
the pleafures, but alfo to the hopes of this life. South.
They UJl with women each degen’rate name,
Who dares not hazard life for future fame. Dryden's fEn.
2. To retain and enrol foldiers.
The lords would, by lifting their own fervants, perfuade
the gentlemen in the town to do the like. Clarendon, b. viii.
The king who raifed this wall appointed a million of fol¬
diers, who were lifted and paid for the defencd of it againft
the Tartars. Temple.
Two hundred horfe he fhall command;
Though few, a warlike and well-chofen band,
Thefe in my name are lifted. Dryden.
3* [From UJl; enclofed ground.] To enclofe for combats.
How dares your pride prefume againft my Jaws,
As in a lifted field to fight your caufe ?
Unafk’d the royal grant. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
4. [from UJl, a fared or border.] To few together, in fuch
a fort as to make a particoloured {hew.
... Som{; ,may wonder at fuch an accumulation of benefits,
like a kind of embroidering or lifting of one favour upon
anot er. Wotton's Life ofBuckingham.
5. [Contracted from liflen.] To hearken to; to liften * to at¬
tend.
Then weigh, what lofs your honour may fuftain
If with too credent ear you UJl his fon<?s;
Or Iofe your heart, or your chafte treafure open
To his unmafter’d importunity; Shakefp. Hamlet.
1, this found I better know:
, Lift! I would I could hear mo. Benj. Jobnfin.
.Li sted* cidj• Striped j particoloured in Idiig ftreaks#
Over his head beholds
A dewy cloud, and in the cl@ud a bow
Confpicuous, with three lifted colours gay,
Betok’ning peace from God, and cov’nant new. Milton,
As the fhow’ry arch
With lifted colours gay, or, azure, gules,
__ Delights, and puzzles the beholder’s eyes. Philips.
To Listen, v. a. To hear; to attend. Obfolete
Lady, vouchsafe to lijhn what I fay. Shahfoan.
One cried, God blefs us ! and, amen 1 the other ;
As they had feen me with thefe hangman’s hands
Liftemng their fear I could not fay, amen. Shakefpeare.
He, that no more muft fay, is liflened more
Than they whom youth and eafe have taught to glofe.
r , Shakefpeare's Richard II.
1 he wonted roar was up amidft the woods.
And filled the air with barbarous diffonance,’
At which I ceas d and liflen’d them a while. Milton.
.To Li sten* v. n. To hearken ; to give attention.
LjJlen to me, and if you fpeak me fair.
I’ll tell you news. Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
Antigonus ufed often to go difguifed, and liflen at the tents
of his foldiers ; and at a time heard fome that fpoke very ill
of him : whereupon he faid, If you fpeak ill of me, you
fhould go a little farther off. Bacon's Apophthegms.
Li/len, O ifles, unto me, and hearken, ye people. Ifa. xlix
V hen we have occafion to liflen, and give a more particulat attention to fome found, the tympanum is drawn to a
more than ordinary tenfion. Holder's Elements of Speech
xt O” *he green bank I fat, and liflen'd lono- • J P
Nor till her lay was ended could I move,
But wifti’d to dwell for ever in the Prove n a
He fhall be receiv’d with more rfgard’
And liflen’d to, than modeft truth is heard. Dryden
To this humour moft of our late comedies owe their fuc-*
cef>. the audience lijlens after nothing elfe. Addtfon
One that hearkens: a hearkeferi
y *g 0 belief, and great lijlners after news.
r • n . „ Howell.
Ljfteners never hear well of themfelves. L'Ejlrange.
If fhe conftantly attends the tea, and be a good lijlener,
lhe may make a tolerable figure, which will lerve to draw
in $i ylun£ chap,lain- swift.
I he hum word, when fpoke by any brother in a lodpe
was a warning to the reft to have a care of lijleners. Swift
Li'stless. adj. [from UJl.] J
1. Without inclination; without any determination to one
thing mote than another
^temperance and tenfuality clog mens fplrits, make them
grofs W,, and unaaive. ffibtfm’, Smrmu
If your care to wheat alone extend.
Let Maja with her fifters firft defeend,
Before
L I T
Before you truft in earth your future hope.
Or elle expea a lijllefs, lazy, crop. Dryden's Virg.
Lazy lolling fort
Of ever lijllefs loit’rers, that attend
No caufe, no truft. P°Pe‘
I was lijllefs and defponding. Gulliver.
2. Carelefs •, heedlefs.
The fide for air before the portal gafp.
Or idle in their empty hives remain,
Benum’d with cold, and lijllefs of their gain. Dryden.
Li'stlesly. adv. [from lijllefs.J Without thought ; without
attention. , r ,
To know this perfe&ly, watch him at play, and fee whe¬
ther he be ftirring and active, or whether he lazily and liftlefly dreams away his time. Locke on Education.
Li'stlesness. ft.f. [from lijllefs.'] Inattention; want of delire*
It may be the palate of the foul is indifpofed by liftlefnefs
or lorrow. L . ... Jaylor'
Lit, the preterite of light; whether to light figmfies to happen,
or to fet on fire, or guide with light.
Believe thyfelf, thy eyes,
That firft inflam’d, and lit me to thy love,
Thofe ftars, that ftill muft guide me to my joy. Southern.
I lit my pipe with the paper. Addifon s Spectator.
Li'tany. n.fi Utanie, French.] A form of fupplicatory prayer. . , , c c n v
Supplications, with folemmty for the appealing ol Uod s
wrath, were, of the Greek church, termed litanies and ro¬
gations of the latin. Hooker, b. v.
Recoiled your fins that you have done that week, and all
your life-time; and recite humbly and devoutly fome peni¬
tential litanies. Taylor s Guide to Devotion.
ITTERAL. adj. [literal, French; litera, Latin.]
j. According to the primitive meaning, not figurative.
Through all the writings of the antient fathers, we fee
that the words, which were, do continue ; the only dif¬
ference is, that v/hereas before they had a literal, they now
have a metaphorical ufe, and are as fo many notes of re¬
membrance unto us, that what they did fignify in the letter,
is accomplifhed in the truth. _ Hooker, b. iv.
A foundation, being primarily of ufe in architedure, hath
no other literal notation but what belongs to it in relation
to an houfe, or other building, nor figurative, but what is
founded in that, and deduced from thence. Hammond.
2. Following the letter, or exad words.
The fitteft for publick audience are fuch as, following a
middle courfe between the rigour of literal tranflations and the
liberty of paraphrafts, do with greater Ihortnefs and plainnels
deliver the meaning. . _ Hooker, b. v.
3. Confifting of letters ; as, the literal notation of numbeis
was known to Europeans before the cyphers.
LiTeral.n.fi Primitive or literal meaning.
How dangerous it is in fenhble things to ufe metaphorical
expreffions unto the people, and what abfurd conceits they
will fwallow in their literals, an example we have in our
profeflion. Broivns Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
Laterally, adv. [from literal.]
1. According to the primitive import of words; not figuratiyely.
That a man and his wife are one flelh, I can comprehend
the meaning of; yet literally taken, it is a thing impoftlble.
Swift.
2. With clofe adherence to words.
Endeavouring to turn his Nifus and Euryalus as clofe as I
was able, I have performed that epifode too literally; that
giving more fcope to Mezentius and Laufus, that verfion,
which has more of the majefty of Virgil, has lefs of his concifenefs. Dryden.
So wild and ungovernable a poet cannot be tranflated lite¬
rally ; his genius is too ftrong to bear a chain. Dryden.
Litera'lity. n.f. [from literal.'] Original meaning.
Not attaining the true deuterofeopy and fecond inten¬
tion of the words, they are fain to omit their fuperconfequcnces, coherences, figures, or tropologies, and are not
fometimes perfuaded by fire beyond their literalities. Brown.
LITERA'TI. n.f. [Italian.] The learned.
I fhail confult fome literati on the project fent me for the
difeovery of the longitude. Spectator, N°. 581.
Literature, n.f. [literatura, Latin.] Learning; fkill in
letters.
This kingdom hath been famous for good literature; and
if preferment attend defervers, there will n©t want fupplies.
Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
When men of learning are a&ed by a knowledge of the
world, they give a reputation to literature, and convince the
world of its ufefulnefs. Addifon s Freeholder, N°. 377.
LiTharge. n.J. [litharge, French; hthargyrum, Latin.]
Litharge is properly lead vitrified, either alone or with a
mixture of copper. This recrement is of two kinds, litharge
of gold, and litharge of filver. It is collected from the furL I T
naces where filver is feparated from lead, or from thofe where
gold and filver are purified by means of that metal. The li¬
tharge fold in the (hops is produced in the copper works,
where lead has been ufed to purify that metal, or to feparate
filver from it. It is ufed in ointments and plaifters, and is
drying, abtergent, and flightly aftridtive. Hill's Mat. Med.
I have feen fome parcels of glafs adhering to the left or
cupel as well as the gold or litharge. Boyle.
If the lead be blown off from the filver by the bellows, it
will, in great part, be colledfed in the form of a darkifh
powder; which, becaufe it is blown off from filver, they
call litharge of filver. Boyle.
LITHE, adj. [h^e, Saxon.] Limber; flexible; pliant; ealily
bent.
Th’ unwieldy elephant,
To make them mirth, us’d all his might, and wreath’d
His lithe probofeis. Milton's Paradifc Left.
Li'theness. n.f [from lithe.] Limbernefs; flexibility.
LiTher. adj. [from lithe.] Soft; pliant.
Thou antick, death.
Two Talbots winged through the lither fky.
In thy defpight fhail ’fcape mortality. Shakefpeare.
[LySeji, Saxon.]” Bad; forry; corrupt. It is in the work of
Robert of Gloucefter written luther.
Litho'graphy. n.J'. [AiSoj and yfuCpu.] The art or prac¬
tice of engraving upon ftones.
LiThomancy. n.f. [AjToj and y.dvVoc.] Prediction by ftones.
As ftrange muff be the lithomancy, or divination, from this
ftone, whereby Helenus the prophet foretold the deftrudtion
of Troy. Brozvn's Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
Lithontri'ptick. adj. [Aiffof and rplCoi; lithontriptique,
French.] Any medicine proper to diffolve the ftone in the
kidneys or bladder.
LithoTomist. n.f. [Afffc? and ftuvu.] A chirurgeon who
extradls the ftone by opening the bladder.
LithoTomy. n.f. [Ai'ffof and tty.vw.] The art or pradlice of
cutting for the ftone.
O
LiTigant. n.f. [litigans, Latin; litigant, French.] One en¬
gaged in a fuit of law.
The caff litigant fits not down with one crofs verdidt, but
recommences his fuit. Decay of Piety.
The litigants tear one another to pieces for the benefit of
fome third intereft. L'Ejlrange's Fables.
LiTigant. adj. Engaged in a juridical conteft.
Judicial adds are thole writings and matters which relate to
judicial proceedings, and are fped in open court at the inftance of one or both of the parties litigant. Ayliffe's Parerg.
To Lit'igate. v. a. [li'tigo, Latin.] To conteft in law; to
debate by judicial procefs.
To Li'tigate. v. n. To manage a fuit; to carry on a caufe.
The appellant, after the interpofition of an appeal, ftill
litigates in the fame caufe. Ayliffe s Parergon.
Litiga'tion. n.f. [litigatio, Latin; from litigate.] Judicial
conteft; fuit of law.
Never one clergyman had experience of both litigations,
that hath not confeffed, he had rather have three fuits in
Weftminfter-hall, than one in the arches. Clarendon.
Liti'gious. adj. [,litigieux, French.]
1. Inclinable to law-fuits ; quarrelfome; wrangling.
Soldiers find wars, and lawyers find out ftill
Litigious men, who quarrels move. __ Donne.
His great application to the law, had not infedded his tem¬
per with any thing pofitive or litigious. Addifon.
2. Difputable ; controvertible. _
In litigious and controverfed caufes, the will of God is to
have them to do whatfoever the fentence of judicial and
final dccifion (hall determine. Hooker.
No fences parted fields, nor marks, nor bounds,
Diftinguifh’d acres of litigious grounds. Dryden's Georg.
Liti'giously. adv. [from litigious.] Wranglingly.
Liti'giousness. n.f. [from litigious.] A wrangling difpofition.
LETTER, n.f. [litiere, French.]
1. A kind of vehiculary bed; a carriage capable of containing
a bed hung between two horfes.
To my litter ftrait;
Weaknefs poffeffeth me. Shakefp. King John.
He was carried in a rich chariot litterwife, with two horfes
at each end. Bacon s Lew Atlantis.
The drowfy frighted fteeds.
That draw the litter of clofe curtain d ileep. Milton.
Here modeft matrons in foft litters driv’n,
In folemn pomp appear. Dryden s Alk.
Litters thick beiiege the donor’s gate,
And begging lords and teeming ladies wait
The promis’d dole. Dryden's Juvenal.
2. The ftraw laid under animals, or on plants.
To crouch in litter of your ftable planks. Shakefpeare..
Take off the litter from your kernel beds. Evelyn.
Thejr litter is not tofs’d by fows unclean. Dryd. Virg,
3. A brood of young.
15 O 1
L I T
I do here walk before thee like a fow that hath over¬
whelmed all her litter but one. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
Reflect upon that numerous litter of ftrange, fenfelefs opi¬
nions, that crawl about the world. South's Serm.
A wolf came to a fow, and very kindly offered to take
care of her litter. L'EJlrange's Fables.
. Full many a year his hateful head had been
For tribute paid, nor fince in Cambria feen :
The laft of all the litter ’fcap’d by chance,
And from Geneva firft infefted France. Dryden.
4. Any number of things thrown fluttifhly about.
Strephon, who found the room was void.
Stole in, and took a ftr'nft furvey
Of all the litter as it lay. Swift.
5. A birth of animals.
Fruitful as the fow that carry’d
The thirty pigs at one large litter farrow’d. Dryd. Juv.
To Li'tter. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To bring forth : ufed of beafts, or of human beings in ab¬
horrence or contempt.
Then was this iland.
Save for the fon that fhe did litter here,
A freckled whelp, hag-born, not honour’d with^
A human fhape. Shakefpeare s Tempcf.
My father named me Au&olicus, being littered under Mer¬
cury, who, as I am, was likewife a fnapper up of uncon-
' fidered trifles. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
The whelps of bears are, at firft littering, without all
form or fafhion. Hakewill on Providence.
We might conceive that dogs were created blind, becaufe
we obferve they were littered fo with us. _ Brown.
2. 'Fo cover with things negligently, or fluttifhly fcattered
about.
They found
The room with volumes litter'd round. Swift. •
3. To cover with ftraw.
He found a ftall where oxen flood.
But for his eafe well litter’d was the floor. Dryden.
4. To fupply cattle with bedding.
LETTLE. adj. [comp. lefs, fuperlat. leaf; leitels, Gothick ;
lyrel, Saxon.]
1. Small in quantity. „ n .
The coaft of Dan went out too little for them. fojh. xix.
2. Not great; fmall; diminutive ; of fmall bulk.
He fought to fee Jefus, but could not for the prefs, be¬
caufe he was little of ftature. Luke xix. 3.
His fon, being then very little, I confidered only as wax,
to be moulded as one pleafes. Locke.
% Of fmall dignity, power, or importance.
When thou waft little in thine own fight, waft thou not
made the head of the tribes. . 1 Sam. Xv. 17.
All that is paft ought to feem little to thee, becaufe it is
fo in itfclf. Taylor's Guide to Devotion.
4. Not much ; not many,
c. Some; not none.
I leave him to reconcile thefe contradictions, which may
plentifully be found in him, by any one who will but read
with a little attention. Loc e.
Little, n. f.
1. A fmall fpace. . ,,
Much was in little Writ; and all convey d
With cautious care, for fear to be betray’d. Dryden.
2. A fmall part; a fmall proportion.
He that defpifeth little things, fhall penfh by little and
little. 3
The poor remnant of human feed which remained m their
mountains, peopled their country again flow y, y itte an
^ittle r Bacon s New Atlantis.
1 By freeing the precipitated matter from the reft by filtra¬
tion, and diligently grinding the white precipitate with wa¬
ter, the mercury will little by little be gathered into r0P^^
I crave thee thy mailer’s houfe, and the houfe of Ifrael
and Judah; and if that had been too little, I would have
given fuch and fuch things. 2 wiv^nf
They have much of the poetry of Mecaenas, but little of
his liberality. Dryden's Preface to Al for Love.
Nor grudge I thee the much that Grecians give.
Nor murm’ring take the little I receive. Dryden s Homer
There are many expreffions, which carrying with them
no clear ideas, are like to remove but litt.e of my jgnorance.
2. A flight affair. . , r
As if ’twere little from their town to chafe* ^
I through the feas purfued their exil’d race. Dryden s An.
t • . • ____1 JlfJoin
L I V
’• I,Thtniece1vaie'definition of names (hould be changed as
little as poffible. _ ,V“m * L^“'
2. In a fmall quantity.
3. In fome degree, but not great.
Where there is too great a thinnefs in the fluids, fiilacid fubftances are proper, though they are a little• a ringent Arbuthnot on Aliments.
4. Not much. . ' , , . r
The tongue of the juft is as choice filvcr; the heart of
the wicked is litt’e worth. T0V' x' 2°*
Finding him little ftudious, fhe chofe rather to endue him
with converfative qualities ot youth; as, dancing an fen
1 IVottcn.
cm2.
I view with anger and difdain
How little gives thee joy or pain :
A print, a bronze, a flow’r, a root.
m Not much.
Thefe they are fitted for, and little clfc.
LiTtle. edv.
Prior.
Cheyne.
That poem was infamoufly bad ; this parallel is htt:e better r Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Several clerp-ymen, otherwife little fond of obfeure terms,
yet in their fermons were very liberal of all thole whic t ey
find in ecclefiaftical writers. Swift.
Littleness, n.f [from little.]
1. Smalnefs of bulk.
All trying, by a love of littlenefs,
To make abridgments, and to draw to lefs ;
Even that nothing which at firft we were. _ Donne.
We may fuppofe a great many degrees of littlenefs and
lightnefs in thefe earthy particles, fo as many of them might
float in the air. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. Meannefs ; want of grandeur. .
The Englifh and French, in verfe, are forced to raife their
language with metaphors, by the pompoufnefs of the whole
phrafe, to wear off any littlenefs that appears in the parti¬
cular parts. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
3. Want of dignity.
The angelick grandeur, by being concealed, does not
awaken our poverty, nor mortify our littlenefs fo much, as if
it was always difplayed. Collier ofEnvy.
LiTtoral. v. a. [littoris, Latin.] Belonging to the fhore.
Li'turgy. n.f. [aI\npyfx; liturgie, Fr.] Form of prayers;
formulary of publick devotions.
We dare not admit any fuch form of liturgy, as either ap¬
pointed no feripture at all, or very little to be read in the
church. hooker, b. v.
The bleffedeft of mortal wights began to be importuned,
fo that a great part of divine liturgy was addreffed folely to
her. Howell.
It is the greateft folemnity of prayer, the moft powerful
liturgy and means of impetration in this world. Taylor.
To Live. v. n. [lypan, lypigan, Saxon.]
1. To be in a ftate of animation; to be not dead.
She fhall be
A pattern to all princes living with her.
And all that (hall fucceed. Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
Is’t night’s predominance, or the day’s fliame,
That darknefs does the face of earth intomb.
When living day fhould kifs it ? Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
To fave the living, and revenge the dead,
Againft one warrior’s arms all Troy they led. Dryden.
2. To pafs life in any certain manner with regard to habits ;
good or ill, happinefs or mifery.
O death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a
man that liveth at reft. Eccluf. xli. 1.
Dr. Parker, in his fermon before them, touched them fo
near for their living, that they went near to touch him for
his life. _ Hayward.
The condition required of us is a conjuncture of all
gofpel graces rooted in the heart, though mixed with much
weaknefs, and perhaps with many fins, fo they be not wil¬
fully lived and died in. Hammond.
A late prelate, of a remarkable zeal for the church, were
religions to be tried by lives, would have lived down the
pope, and the whole confiftory. Atterbury.
If we adt by feveral broken views, we fhall live and die
in mifery. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 162.
If we are firmly refolved to live up to the dictates of reafon, without any regard to wealth and reputation, we may
go through life with fteadinefs and pleafure. Addifon.
3. To continue in life.
Our high-plac’d Macbeth
Shall live the leafe of nature, and pay his breath
To time and mortal cuftom. Shakefpeare.
See the minutes how they run ;
How many makes the hour full complete.
How many hours bring about the day.
How many days will finifh up the year.
How many years a mortal man may live. Shakefpeare.
The way to live long muft be, to ufe our bodies fo as is
moft agreeable to the rules of temperance. Ray on Creation.
4. To live emphatically; to be in a ftate of happinefs.
What greater curie could envious fortune give,
Than juft to die when I began to live. Dryden.
5- To
L I V L I V
5. To be exempt from death, temporal or fpiritual.
My ftatutes and judgments, if a man do, he fliall live in
them. Lev. xviii. 5.
He died for us, that whether wc wake or fleep, we fliould
live together with him. 1 The/, v. 10.
6. To remain undeftroyed.
It was a miraculous providence that could make a veffel,
fo ill manned, live upon fea ; that kept it from being dallied
againft the hills, or overwhelmed in the deeps. Burnet.
Mark how the fhifting winds from welt arife.
And what colleXed night involves the Ikies !
Nor can our lhaken veilels live at fea.
Much lefs againft the tempeft force their wray. Dryden.
7. To continue; not to be loft.
Mens evil manners live in brafs, their virtues
We write in water. Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
Sounds which addrefs the ear are loft and die
In one Ihort hour; but that which ftrikes the eye
Lives long upon the mind ; the faithful fight
Engraves the knowledge with a beam of light. Watts.
The tomb writh manly arms and trophies grace.
There high in air memorial of my name
Fix the fmooth oar, and bid me live to fame. Pope.
8. To converfe; to cohabit.
The lhepherd fwains jfhall dance and fing.
For thy delight each May morning.
If thefe delights thy mind may move.
Then live with me, and be my love. Shakefpeare.
g. To feed.
Thofe animals that live upon other animals have their flefh
more alkalefcent than thofe that live upon vegetables. Arbut.
10. To maintain one’s felf.
A moft notorious thief; lived all his life-time of fpoils and
robberies. Spenfer.
They which minifter about holy things, live of the things
of the temple. I Cor. ix. 13.
His treafure and goods were all feized upon, and a fmall
portion thereof appointed for his poor wife to live upon.
Knolles’s Hijl. of the Turks.
The number of foldiers can never be great in proportion
to that of people, no more than the number of thofe that
are idle in a country, to that of thofe who live by labour.
Temple.
He had been moft of his time in good fervice, and had
fomething to live on now he was old. Temple.
11. To be in a ftate of motion or vegetation.
In a fpacious cave of living ftone,
The tyrant fEolus, from his airy throne.
With pow’r imperial curbs the ftruggling winds. Dryden.
Cool groves and living lakes
Give after toilfome days a foft repofe at night. Dryden.
11. To be unextinguifhed.
Pure oil and incenfe on the fire they throw :
Thefe gifts the greedy flames to duft devour,
Then on the living coals red wine they pour. Dryden.
Live. adj. [from alive.]
1. Quick; not dead.
If one man’s ox hurt another that he die, they fliall fell
the live ox, and divide the money. Exod. xxi. 35..
2. AXive ; not extinguifhed.
A louder found was produced by the impetuous eruptions
of the halituous flames of the faltpetre upon cafting of a
live coal upon it. Boyle.
Li'veless. adv. [from live.] Wanting life; rather Iifelefs.
Defcription cannot fuit itfelf in words,
To demonftrate the life of fuch a battle.
In life fo livelefs as it fhews itfelf. Shakef. Henry V.
Livelihood, n.f. [It appears to me corrupted from livelode.J
Support of life ; maintenance ; means of living.
Ah ! lucklefs babe ! born under cruel ftar.
And in dead parents baleful alhes bred ;
Full little weeneft thou what forrows are.
Left thee for portion of thy livelihood. Fairy Queen.
That rebellion drove the lady from thence, to find a live¬
lihood out of her own eftate. Clarendon, b. viii.
He brings difgrace upon his charaXer, to fubmit to the
picking up of a livelihood in that ftrolling way of canting and
begging. _ _ L’EJlrange.
It is their profeflion and livelihood to get their living by
thofe practices, for which they deferve to forfeit their lives.
South’s Sermons.
They have been as often banifhed out of moft other places;
which muft very much difperfe a people, and oblige them to
feek a livelihood where they can find it. Addifon's Spelt.
Trade employs multitudes of hands, and furnifhes the
pooreft of our fellow fubjeXs with the opportunities of gain¬
ing an honeft livelihood: the Ikilful or induftrious find their
account in it. Addifon's Freeholder, N-’. 42.
Liveliness, n.f [from lively,]
I.Appearance of life.
That livelinefs which the freedom of the pencil makes ap¬
pear, may Peem the living hand of nature. Dryden s Dufref
2.Vivacity ; fprightlinefs.
Extravagant young fellows, that have livelinefs and fpirit,
come fometimes to be fet right, and fo make able and great
men; but tame and low fpirits very feldom attain to any
thing. Locke on Education.
LFv elode. n.f. [live and lode, from lead; the means of lead¬
ing life.] Maintenance; fupport; livelihood.
She gave like blefling to each creature.
As well of worldly livelode as of life.
That there might be no difference nor ftrife. HuLlerd.
Li'velonG. adj. [live and long.] Tedious; long in palling.
Many a time, and oft.
Have you climb’d up to walls and battlements.
Your infants in your arms; and there have fate
The livelong day, with patient expectation
To fee great Pompey pals. - Shakefp. Julius Ccefar.
The obfeur’d bird clamour’d the livelong night. Shakef.
Young and old come forth to play.
On a lun-Ihine holiday,
rill the livelong day-light fail. Milton.
Seek for pleafure to deftroy
The forrows of this livelong night. Prior.
How could Ihe fit the livelong day.
Yet never afk us once to play? Swift.
2. Lafting; durable.
I hou, in our wonder and aftoniftiment,
Haft built thyfelf a livelong monument. Alllton,
Li'vELY. adj. [live and liked]
1. Brilk; vigorous; vivacious.
But wherefore comes old Manoa in fuch hafte,
With youthful fteps ? much livelier than ere while
He feems ; fuppofing here to find his fon,
Or of him bringing to us fome glad news ? Milton’s Ag.
2. Gay; airy.
Form’d by thy converfe, happily to fleer
From grave to gay, from lively to fevere. Pope.
3. Reprefenting life.
Since a true knowledge of nature gives us pleafure, a
lively imitation of it in poetry or painting muft produce a
much greater. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
4. Strong ; energetick.
His faith muft be not only living, but lively too ; it muft
be brightened and ftirred up by a particular exercife of thofe
virtues fpecifically requifite to a due performance of this
duty. South’s Sermons.
The colours of the prifm are manifeftly more full, intenfe
and lively, than thofe of natural bodies. Newton's Opticks.
Imprint upon their minds, by proper arguments and re¬
flexions, a lively perfuafion of the certainty of a future
ftate. Atterburfs Sermons.
Li'velily. 1 ,
r , t adv. Li'vely. )
1. Brilkly; vigoroufly.
They brought their men to the flough, who difeharging
lively alrnoft clofe to the face of the enemy, did much amaze
them. Hayward.
2. With ftrong refemblance of life.
That part of poetry muft needs be beft, which deferibes
moft lively our aXions and paffions, our virtues and our
vices. Dryden’s Pref. to his State ofInnocence.
Li'ver. n.f. [from live.]
1. One who lives.
Be thy affeXions undifturb’d and clear.
Guided to what may great or good appear,
And try if life be worth the liver’s care. Prior.
2. One who lives in any particular manner with refpeX to vir¬
tue or vice, happinefs or mifery.
The end of his defcent was to gather a church of holy
chriftian livers over the whole world. Hammond's Fund.
If any loofe liver have any goods of his own, the fheriff
is to feize thereupon. Spenfer on Ireland.
Here are the wants of children, of diftraXed perfons, of
fturdy wandering beggars and loofe diforderly livers, at one
view reprefented. Atterlmry.
3. [From hpepe, Saxon.] One of the entrails.
With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come:
And let my liver rather heat with wine,
Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Shakefpeare.
Reafon and refpeX
Make livers pale, and luftihood dejeXed. Shakefpeare.
Li'vercolour. adj. [liver and colour.] Dark red.
The uppermoft ftratum is of gravel; then clay of various
colours, purple, blue, red, livercolour. Woodward.
Li'vergrown. adj. [liver and grozvn.] Having a great liver.
I inquired what other cafualties was moft like the rickets,
and found that livergrown was neareft. Graunt.
Li'verwort. n.f. [liver and wort.] A plant.
That fort of liverwort which is ufed to cure the bite of
mad dogs, grows on commons, and open heaths, where the
grafs is Ihot, on declivities, and on the iides of pits. This
lpreads
7or. |
c
L I V L O A
fpreads on the furface of the ground, and, when in perfec¬
tion, is of an afh colour; but, as it grows old, it alters,
and becomes of a dark colour. Miller.
Li'very. n.f. [from livrer, French.]
1. The a£t of giving or taking pofleflion.
You do wrongfully feize Hereford’s right,
Call in his letters patents that he hath
By his attorneys general to fue
His livery, and deny his offered homage. Shake/p.
2. Releafe from wardfhip.
Had the two houfes firft fued out their livery, and once
effectually redeemed themfelves from the wardfhip of the tu¬
mults, I fliould then fufpeft my own judgment. K. Charles.
2. The writ by which poffeffion is obtained.
3- The Rate of being kept at a certain rate.
W hat livery is, we by common ufe in England know well
enough, namely, that it is an allowance of horfe meat; as
they commonly ufe the word {tabling* as to keep horfes at
livery ; the which word, 1 guefs, is derived of livering or
delivering forth their nightly food ; fo in great houfes, the
livery is faid to be ferved up for all night, that is, their even¬
ing allowance for drink : and livery is alfo called the upper
weed which a ferving man wears ; fo called, I fuppofe, for
that it was delivered and taken from him at pleafure: fo it
is apparent, that, by the word livery, is there meant horfe
meat, like as by the coigny is underftood man’s meat. Some
fay it is derived of toin, for that they ufed in their coignies
not only to take meat but money; but I rather think "it is
derived of the Irifh, the which is a common ufe amongft
landlords of the Irifh to have a common fpending upon their
tenants, who being commonly but tenants at will, they ufed
to take of them what victuals they lift ; tor of victuals they
were wont to make a fmall reckoning. Spenfer on Ireland.
4. The cloaths given to fervants.
My mind for weeds your virtue’s livery wears. Sidney.
Perhaps they are by fo much the more loth to forfake this
argument, for that it hath, though nothing elfe, yet the
name of feripture, to give it fome kind of countenance more
than the pretext of livery coats aftordeth. Hooker.
I think, it is our way,
If we will keep in favour with the king,
To be her men, and wear her livery. Shake/p. Rich. III.
Yet do our hearts wear Timon’s livery,
That fee I by our faces. Sbakefp. Timon of Athens.
Ev’ry lady cloath’d in white,
And crown’d with oak and laurel ev’ry knight.
Are fervants to the leaf, by liveries known
Of innocence. Dryden's Flower and Leaf.
On others int’reft her gay liv'ry flings,
Int’reft that waves on party-colour’d wings ;
Turn’d to the fun {he cafts a thoufand dyes.
And as {he turns the colours fall or rife. Dunciad.
If your dinner mifearries, you were teized by the footmen
coming into the kitchen ; and to prove it true, throw a ladle¬
ful of broth on one or two of their liveries. Swift.
5. A particular drefs ; a garb worn as a token or confequence
of any thing.
Of fair Urania, fairer than a green.
Proudly bedeck’d in April’s livery. Sidney.
Miftake me not for my complexion
The {hadow’d livery of the burning fun.
To whom I am a neighbour, and near bred. Sbakefp.
At once came forth whatever creeps the ground,
Infecft, or worm : thofe wav’d their limber fans.
For wings, and fmalleft lineaments exa£l.
In all the liveries deck’d of fummer’s pride,
With fpots of gold and purple, azure, green. Milton.
Now came ftill evening on, and twilight grey
Had in her fober livery all things clad. Milt. Pa. Lojl.
LiVeryman. n.f. [livery arid man.]
1. One who wears a livery; a fervant of an inferior kind.
The witnefles made oath, that they had heard fome of the
liverymen frequently railing at their miftrefs. Arhuthnot.
2. [In London.] A freeman of fome {landing in a company.
Lives, n. f. [the plural of life.]
So fhort is life, that every peafant ftrives.
In a farm houfe, or field, to have three lives. Donne.
LI'VID. adj. [lividus, Latin; livide, French.] Difcoloured,
as with a blow; black and blue.
It was a peftilent fever, not feated in the veins or hu¬
mours, for that there followed no carbuncles, no purple or
livid fpots, the mafs of the blood not being tainted. Bacon.
Upon my livid lips beftow a kifs :
O envy not the dead, they feel not blifs ! Dryden.
They beat their breafts with many a bruifing blow.
Till they turn’d livid, and corrupt the fnow. Dryden.
L'Vi'dU'Y. n.f. [lividile, French; from livid.] Decoloura¬
tion, as by a blow.
The figns of a tendency to fuch a ftate, are darknefs or
lividity of the countenance. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Li'viNG n.f [from live.]
1. Support; maintenance; fortune on which one lives.
The Arcadians fought as in unknown place, having no
fuccour but in their hands ; the Helots, as in their own place,
fighting for their livings, wives, and children. Sidney.
All they did call in of their abundance; but fhe of her
want did call in all that fhe had, even all her living. Mark.
2. Power of continuing life. t
There is no living without trufting fome body or other, in
fome cafes. L'EJlrange's Fables.
2. Livelihood.
For ourfelves we may a living make. Hubberd's Talc.
Then may I fet the world on wheels, when fhe can fpin
for her living. Shakefpcarr.
Ifaac and his wife, now dig for your life.
Or fhortly you’ll dig for your living. Denham.
Adlors muft reprefent fuch things as they are capable to
perform, and by which both they and the fcribbler may get
their living. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
3. Benefice of a clergyman.
Some of our minifters having the livings of the country
offered unto them, without pains, will, neither for any love
of God, nor for all the good they may do, by winning fouls
to God, be drawn forth from their warm nefts. Spenfer.
The parfon of the parifh preaching againft adultery, Mrs.
Bull told her hulband, that they would join to have him
turned out of his living for uiing perfonal reflections. Arbuth.
Li'vingly. adv. [from living.] In the living ftate.
In vain do they fcruple to approach the dead, who livinglv
are cadaverous, or fear any outward pollution, whofe tem¬
per pollutes themfelves. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
LITRE, n.f. [French.] The fum by which the French rec¬
kon their money, equal nearly to our-{hilling.
Lixi'vial. adj. [from lixivium, Latin.]
1. Impregnated with falts like a lixivium.
The fymptoms of the excretion of the bile vitiated, were
a yellowifh colour of the {kin, and a lixivial urine. Arbuth.
2. Obtained by lixivium.
Helmont conjectured, that lixivial falts do not pre-exift in
their alcalizate form. ' Boyle.
Li'xiviate. adj. [lixivieux, French; from lixivium.] Making
a lixivium.
In thefe the fait and lixiviated ferofity, with fome portion
of choler, is divided between the guts and the bladder.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
Lixiviate falts, to which pot allies belong, by piercing the
bodies of vegetables, difpofe them to part readily with their
tindlure. Boyle.
LIXIVIUM, n.f. [Lat.] Lye; water impregnated with fait
of whatfoever kind; a liquor which has the power of ex¬
traction.
I made a lixivium of fair water and fait of wormwood,
and having frozen it with fnow and fait, I could not difeern
any thing more like to wormwood than to feveral other
Plants- Boyle.
Li'zard. n.f. [lifarde, French; lacertus, Latin.] An animal
refembling a ferpent, with legs added to it.
There are feveral forts of lizards; fome in Arabia of a
cubit long. In America they eat lizards ; it is very probable
likewife that they were eaten fometimes in Arabia and Ju¬
daea, fince Mofes ranks them among the unclean creatures.
„ Calmct.
Thou rt like a foul mif-fliapen ftigmatick.
Mark’d by the deftinies to be avoided,
As venomous toads, or lizards dreadful flings. Sbakefp.
Adder’s fork, and blind worm’s fting, •
Lizard's leg, and owlet’s wing. Shakcfpcare's Macbeth.
Liza'rdital. n.f. A plant.
Liza'rdstone. n. f. [lizard andJlone.] A kind of ftone.
L.L.D. n.f. [legum dollar.] A doStor of the canon and civillaw*
Lo. interjell, [la, Saxon.] Look; fee; behold. It is a word
ufed to recall the attention generally to fome objeft of fwht;
fometimes to fomething heard, but not properly ; often to
fomething to be underftood. J
Lo ! within a ken our army lies. ShakeAearr
Now muft the world point at poor Catharine, ^
And fay, lo! there is mad Petruchio’s wife. Shakefpeare.
Lo! I have a weapon,
A better never did itfelf fuftain
Upon a foldier’s thigh. ShaLfpeare's Othello.
Thou did’ft utter,
I am yours for ever.
•—hy lo you now, I’ve fpokc to the purpofe twice. Shah.
For lo / he fung the world’s ftupenduous birth. Rofcom.
Lo ! heav’n and earth combine
To blaft our bold defign. Dryden's Albion.
Loach, n.f [locke, French.]
The loach is a moll dainty fifh; he breeds and feeds in
little and clear fwift brooks or rills, and lives there upon the
gravel, and in the fharpeft ftreams: he grows notto be above
a finger long, and no thicker than is fuitable to that length :
he is of the ftiape of an eel, and has a beard of wattcls like
a barbel: he has two fins at his fides, four at his belly, and
one at his tail, dappled with many black or brown fpo*ts:
Ills
L O A
his mouth, barbel-like, under his nofe. This fifli is ufually
tail of eg^s or fpawn, and is by Gefner, and other learned
phvficians, commended for great nourifhment and to be
very "rateful both to the palate and ftomach of fick perrons,
and7 is to be fifhed for with a very fmall worn), at the bottnm for he very feldom or never rifes above the gravel.
tom’ 1 1 Walton's Angler.
Load, n.f. [J?lat»e, Saxon.]
!. A burthen; a freight; lading.
Then on his back he laid the precious load.
And fought his wonted fhelter. Dryden s Nuns Tale.
2.Any thing that depreffes. , . , ,
How a man can have a quiet and cheerful mind under a
"reat burden and load of guilt, I know not, unlefs he be
very ignorant. Rad on Creation.
9 As much drink as one can bear.
There are thofe that can never deep without their load,
nor enjoy one eafy thought, till they have laid all their cares
to reft with a bottle. L'EJlrange.
To Load. v. a. [Jftaban, Saxon.]
1. To burden ; to freight.
At laft, laden with honour’s fpoils,
Returns the good Andronicus to Rome. Shakefpeare.
Your carriages were heavy louden; they are a burden to
thebeaft. Ifa. xhi. I.
2. To encumber; to embarrafs.
He that makes no reflexions on what he reads, only loads
his mind with a rhapfody of tales, fit in winter nights for
the entertainment of others. L°cke3. To charge a gun. . . ,
A mariner having difeharged his gun, and loading it luddenly again, the powder took fire. Wifeman.
4. To make heavy by fomething appended or annexed.
Thy dreadful vow, loaden with death, ftill founds
In my ftunn’d ears. _ Addifon s Cato.
Load. n.f. [more properly/^, as it was anciently written
from lascan, Saxon, to lead.] The leading vein in a mine.
The tin lay couched at firft in certain ftrakes amongft the
rocks, like the veins in a man’s body, from the depth whereof
the main load fpreadeth out his branches, until they approach
the open air. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Their manner of working in the load mines, is to follow
the load as it lieth. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Lo'ader. n.f [from load.] He who loads.
Lo'adsman. n.f. [lode and man.] He who leads the way ; a
Lo'adstar. n.f. [more properly as it is in Maundeville, lodeJiar, from lae&an, to lead.] The poleftar; the cynofure;
the leading or guiding ftar. .
She was the loadjlar of my life; fhe the bleffing of mine
eyes; fhe the overthrow of my defires, and yet the recom¬
mence of my overthrow. Sidney.
My Helice, the loadjlar of my life. Spenjer.
O happy fair !
Your eyes are loadjlars, and your tongue fweet air;
More tuneable than lark to fhepherd’s ear
When wheat is green, when hawthorn buds appear. Shak.
That clear majefty
Which ftandeth fix’d, yet fpreads her heavenly worth,
Lodeftone to hearts, and lodeftar to all eyes. Davies.
Lo'adstone. n. f. [properly lodejlone or ladingjlone. See
Loadstar.] The magnet; the ftone on which the man¬
ners compafs needle is touched to give it a direction north
and fouth. .
The loadjlone is a peculiar and rich ore of iron, found in
large maffes, of a deep iron-grey where freftt broken, and
often tinged with a brownifh or reddilh colour : it is very
heavy, and confiderably hard, and its great charader is that
of affecting iron. This ore of iron is found in England,
and in molt other places where there are mines of that metal.
Hill's Materia Medica.
The ufe of the loadjlone was kept as fecret as any of the
other myfteries of the art. Swift*
Loaf. n.f. [from hlap or lap, Saxon.]
I. A mafs of bread as it is formed by the baker: a loaf is
thicker than a cake.
Eafy it is
Of a cut loaf to fteal a (hive, we know. Shakefpeare.
The bread and bread corn in the town fufficed not for fix
days: hereupon the foldiers entered into proportion ; and,
to give example, the lord Clinton limited himfelf to a loaf a
, ® Hayward.
With equal force you may break a loaf of bread into more
and lefs parts than a lump of lead of the fame bignefs. Digby.
2 Any mafs into which a body is wrought.
* Your wine becomes fo limpid, that you may bottle it with
a piece of loaf fugar in each bottle. ,01^’
LOAM. n. f. [hm, laam, Saxon; limits, Latin ; from Xiy.vn,
a fen, Junius.\ Fat, unCtuous, tenacious, earth ; marl.
The pureft treafure
L O A
Is fpotlefs reputation ; that away, .
Men are but gilded loam or painted clay. Shakefpeare.
Alexander returneth to duft; the dull is earth; of earth
we make loam; and why oi that loatn might they 1101 hop a
beer barrel ? Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
To Loam. v. a. [from the noun.] To fmear with loam,
marl, or clay ; to clay.
The joift ends, and girders winch be in the walls, muft
be loomed all over, to prelerve them from the corroding ot the
mortar. Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
Lq'amy. adj. [from loam.] Marly.
The mellow earth is the belt, between the two extremes
of clay and fand, efpecially if it be not loamy and binding.
y ' Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 665.
Auricula feedlings beft like a loamy fand, or light moift
earth ; yet rich and {haded. Evelyn's Kalendar.
Loan. n.f. [felaen, Saxon.] Any thing lent; any thing given
to another, on condition of return or repayment.
The better fuch ancient revenues {hall be anfwered and
paid, the lefs need her majefty afk fublidies, fifteens, and
loans. ' Bacon'
You’re on the fret,
Becaufe, in fo debauch’d and vile an age,
Thy friend and old acquaintance dares difoivn
The gold you lent him, and forfwear the loan. Dryden.
Loath, adj. [la^, Saxon.] Unwilling; difliking; not leady;
not inclined.
Thefe frefh and delightful brooks, how flowly they Aide
away, as loth to leave the company of fo many things united
in perfection. Sidney.
With lofty eyes, half loth to lobk fo low.
She thanked them in her difdainful wife,
Ne other grace vouchfafed them to (how
Of princefs worthy. Fairy Jjueen, b. i.
When he heard her anfwers loth, he knew
Some fecret forrow did her heart diftrain. Fairy Sfueen.
To fpeak fo indirectly, I am loth ;
I’d fay the truth ; but to accufe him fo,
That is your part. Shakefp. Meaf.for Meafure.
Long doth (he ftay, as loth to leave the land.
From whofe foft fide (he firft did ifiue make.
She taftes all places, turns to ev’ry hand.
Her flow’ry banks unwilling to forfake. Davies.
Then wilt thou not be loth
To leave this paradife, but {halt poflefs
A paradife within thee, happier far ! Milton s Par. Lojl.
To pardon willing, and to punifti loth ;
You ftrike with one hand, but you heal with both :
Lifting up all that proftrate lie, you grieve
You cannot make the dead again to live. Waller.
When ./Eneas is forced to kill Laufus, the poet {hews him
compaffionate, and is loth to deftroy fuch a mafter-piece ot
nature. _ . . Dryden’s Dufrefnoy,
As fome faint pilgrim {landing on the fhore,
Firft views the torrent he would venture o’er 5
And then his inn upon the farther ground.
Loth to wade through, and lather to go round :
Then dipping in his ftaff does trial make
How deep it is; and* fighing, pulls it back. Dryden.
I know you {by to be oblig’d ;
And ftill more loath to be oblig’d by me. Southern.
To Loathe, v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To hate ; to look on with abhorrence.
Parthenia had learned both liking and mifliking, loving
Sidney. and loathing. .
They with their filthinels
Polluted this fame gentle foil long time* _ _
That their own mother loath'd their beafthnefs. La. Aj{-
The fifli in the river {hall die, and the river ftink ; and
the Egyptians {hall loath to drink of the water. Exod. vii. 18.
How am I caught with an unwary oath,
Not to reveal the fecret which I loath ! Waller.
For thee the lion loaths the tafte of blood.
And roaring hunts his female through the wood. Dryden.
Why dol ftay within this hated place,
Where every objeCt {hocks my loathing eyes. Rowe.
Now his exalted fpirit loaths
Incumbrances of food and cloaths-. • bwijt.
2. To confider with the difguft of fatiety.
Loathing the honey’d cakes, I long for oread. Cowley.
Our appetite is extinguifhed with the fatisfadion, and is
fucceeded by loathing and fatiety. Rogers s Sermons.
9. To fee food with diflike. r
Loathing is a fymptom well known to attend diforders ot
the ftomach ; and the cure muft have regard to the caufe.
gpumey.
To Loathe, v. n. To create difguft; to caufe abhonence.
Where 1 was wont to leek the honey bee.
The grifly toadftool grown there might 1 fee,
And loathing paddocks lording on the fame. Spenfer.
15 P
Lo'ather.
LOB
Lo'ather. n.f [from hath.] One that loaths.
Loathful, adj. [loath and/«//.]
1. Abhorring; hating.
Which he did with loathful eyes behold.
He would no more endure. Hubberd's Tale.
2. Abhorred; hated.
Above the reach of loathful finful lull.
Whole bale effect, through cowardly diflrufl
Of his weak wings, dare not to heaven flie. Spenfer.
Lo ATHINGLY. adv. [from loathe.] In a faflidious manner.
Lc[Athly. adj. [from loath.] Hateful; abhorred; exciting
hatred. *
An huge great dragon, horrible in fight.
Bred in the loathly lakes of Tartary,
Wkh murd’rous ravin. Fairy $iieen, b. i.
The people fear me ; for they do obferve
Unfather d heirs, and loathly births of nature. Shakefp
Sour-ey’d difdain, and difcord fhall bellow
T he union of your bed with weeds fo loathly,
That you fhall hate it, Shakefpeare's Tempefl.
Lo athly. adv. [from loath.'] Unwillingly; without liking or
^inclination. b
The upper flreams make fuch hafle to have their part of
embracing, that the nether, though lothly, mull needs give
place unto them.
Lothly oppofite I flood
To his unnat’ral purpofe. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
^ This fhews that you from nature lothly llray,
That fuffer not an artificial day. Donne.
Lo athness. n.f. [from loath.J Unwillingnels.
The fair foul herfelf
Weigh’d between lothnefs and obedience.
Which end the beam fhould bow. Shakefp. Tempefl.
Pray you, look not fad.
Nor make replies of lothnefs. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Should we be taking leave,
As long a term as yet we have to live,
The lothnefs to depart would grow. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
After they had fat about the fire, there grew a general
lilence and lothnefs to fpeak amongft them ; and immediately
one of the weakell fell down in a fwoon. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
Lo'athsome. adj. [from loath.J ’ J '
1, Abhorred; deteflable.
The frefh young fly
Did much difdain to fubjedl his defire
To loathfome floth, or hours in eafe to waller Spenfer.
While they pervert pure nature’s healthful rules J
To loathfome ficknefs. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xi.
If we confider man in fuch a loathfome and provoking con¬
dition, was it not love enough that he was permitted to en¬
joy a being.. South's Sermons.
2. Cauling fatiety or faflidioufnefs.
The fweetefl honey
Is loathfome in its own delicioufnefs,
And in the tafle confounds the appetite. Shakefpeare.
Lo'athsomeness. n.f. [from loathfome.'] Quality of raifing
hatred.
The catacombs mufl have been full of flench and loathfomefiefs, if the dead bodies that lay in them were left to rot in
open nitches. Addifon.
Loaves, plural of loaf.
Democritus, when he lay a dying, caufed loaves of new
bread to be opened, and he poured a little wine into them;
and fo kept himfelf alive with the odour till a feafl was pafl!
Bacon's Nat. Hift. N8. 934.
Lob. n.f.
1. Any one heavy, clumfy, or fluggifh.
Farewell thou lob of fpirits, I’ll be gone,
Our queen and all her elves come here anon. Shakefp.
2. Lob s pound; a prifon. Probably a prifon for idlers, or
fturdy beggars.
Crowdero, whom in irons bound.
Thou bafely threw’!! into lob's pound. Hudibras.
3. A big worm.
For the trout the dew worm, which fome alfo call the lob
worm, and the brandling are the chief. Walton's Angler.
To Lob. v. a. To let fall in a flovenly or lazy manner.
The horfemen fit like fixed candleflicks.
And their poor jades
Lob down their heads, dropping the hide and hips. Shakef
Lobby. n.J. [laube, German.] An opening before a room.
His lobbies fill with ’tendance,
Rain facrificial whifp’rings in his ear,
Make facred even his flirrop. Shakefp. Tim. of Athens.
Before the duke s rifing from the table, he flood expecting
till he fhould pafs through a kind of lobby between that room
and the next, where were divers attending him. JVotton.
Try your back flairs, and let the lobby wait,
A flratagem in war is no deceit. King's Horace.
Lobe. n.f. [lobe, Irench; Ao£oj.] A divilion; a diltindt part;
ufed commonly for a part of the lungs.
L O C
Nor could the loles of his rank liver fwell
1 o that prodigious mafs, for their eternal meal. Drydeti.
Air bladders form lobuli, which hang upon the bronchia
like bunches of grapes; thefe lobuli conflitute the lobes, and
the lobes the lungs. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Lo'ester. n. f. [lobyteji, Saxon.] A cruflaceous fifh.
I hofe that call their fhell, are the lobfter, the crab, and
craw-fifh. Bacon s Nat. Plift. N ’. 732.
It happeneth often that a lobfter hath the great claw of one
fide longer than the other. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
LO'CAL. adj. [local, French; locus, Latin.]
1. Having the properties of place.
By afcending, after that the fharpnefs of death was over¬
come, he took the very local pofTeflion of glory, and that to
the ufe of all that are his, even as himfelf before had witnefied, I go to prepare a place for you. Hooker, b. v.
A higher flight the vent’rous goddefs tries.
Leaving material worlds, and local fkics. Prior.
2. Relating to place.
The circurnflance of local nearnefs in them unto us, mUht
haply enforce in us a duty of greater feparation from them
than from thofe other. Hooker, b. iv.
Where there is only a local circurnflance of worfhip, the
fame thing would be worfhipped, fuppofing that circurnflance
changed. . Stillingfieet.
3. Being in a particular place.
Dream not of their fight.
As of a duel, or the local wounds
Of head, or heel. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xiii. tt 'll _ *- 3 U+ AIIJ «
Mow is the change of being fometimes here, fometimes
there, made by local motion in vacuum, without a cbanoe in
the body moved? Digby on Bodies.
Locality, n.f. [fiom local.'] Evidence in placej relation of
place, or diftance.
That the foul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimenfion, and that they have nothing to do with grofTer locahty, is generally opinioned. GlanviUe's Seep.
Loca lly, adj. [from local.] With refpedl to place.
[Whether things, in their natures fo divers as body and
fpint, which almofl in nothing communicate, are not efTentially divided, though not locally diflant, I leave to the reaT ^erS/ r . GlanviUe's Seep.
Loca tion. n.f. [locatio, Latin.] Situation with refpedt to
place ; act or placing ; ftate of being placed.
To fay that the world is fomewhere, means no more than
that it does exifl; this, though a phrafe borrowed from place
signifying only its exiflence, not location. Lnrkt
Loch. n.f. A lake. Scottifh.
A lake or loch, that has no frefh water running into it.
will turn into a ftinking puddle. Cheyne's Phil. Principles.
Lock.n.J. [loc, Saxon, in both fenfes.]
.1. An inflrument compofed of fprings and bolts, ufed to fallen
doors or chefls.
No gate fo flrong, no lock fo firm and faff.
But wuth that piercing noife flew open quit or brafl. F
We have locks to fafeguard neceflaries, ’
And pretty traps to catch the petty thieves. Shakefpeare.
. As .there a*e !od? for kveral purpofes, fo are there fbveral
invenHons inincontriving their wards or guards. Moxon.
2. I he part of the gun by which fire is fixuck.
A gun carries powder and bullets for feven charges and
difeharges : under the breech of the barrel is one box for the
powder; a little before the lock, another for the bullets • be¬
hind the cock a charger, which carries the powder to the
’ father end of the lock. Gr«e* Mufaum%
3. A hug; a grapple. J
They mult be pradlifed in all the locks and gripes of wreflling, as need may often be in fight to tugg or grapple and
to clofe. Milton on Education.
4. Any inclolure.
Sergeflhus, eager with his beak to prefs
Betwixt the rival gaily and the rock.
Shuts up th* unwieldy centaur in the lock. Dryden's JEn.
5• quantity of hair or wool hanging together.
Well might he perceive the hanging of her hair in locks,
fome curled, and fome forgotten. g-g
A goodly cyprefs, who bowing her fair head over the water, it feemed fhe looked into it, and drefTed her green locks
by that running riveri. ° c-j
His gnzJy locks, long growen and unbound,
Disordered liung about his fhoulders round. Fairy 9u.
e ottom was let againlf a lock of wool, and the found
was qu.te deaded.
1 hey nourifri only a lock of hair on the crown of their
heads, Travels.
t\ lock or hair will draw more than a cable rope. Grew.
Behold the locks that are grown white
Beneath a helmet in your father’s battels. Addifon's Cato.
Two locks graceful hung behind
In equal curls, and well-confpir’d, to deck
With fliining ringlets her fmooth iv’ry ueck. p0pe.
. 6. A
L O D L O D
6.A tuft.
I fuppofe this letter will find thee picking of daifics, or
fmelling to a lock of hay. Addifon s Spectator.
To Lock. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fhut or fallen with locks. ,
The garden, feated on the . level floor.
She left behind, and locking ev’ry door,
Thought all lecure. Dryden,
2. To fhut up or confine, as with locks.
I am loekt in one of them ;
If you do love me, you will find me out. Shakefpeare,
We do lock
Our former fample in our flrong-barr’d gates.. Shakefp.
Then feek to know thofe things which make us bleft,
And having found them, lock them in thy breaft. Denham.
The frighted dame
The log in fecret lock'd. Dryden s Ovid.
If the door to a council be kept by armed men, and all
fuch whofe opinions are not liked kept out, the freedom of
thofe within are infringed, and all their a£ts as void as if they
were locked in. Dryden's JEn.
One conduces to the poets completing of his work ; the
other flackens his pace, and locks him up like a knight-errant
in an enchanted caftle. Dryden's Dedicat. to the JEn.
The father of the gods
Confin’d their fury to thofe dark abodes,
And lock'd ’em fafe within, opprefs’d with mountain loads.
Dryden's JEn.
If one third of the money in trade were locked up, mud
not the landholders receive one third lefs. Locke.
Always lock up a cat in a clofet where you keep your china
plates, for fear the mice may fteal in and break them. Swift.
Your wine lock'd up.
Plain milk will do the feat> Pope's Horace.
3.To clofe fall.
Death blafts his bloom, and locks his frozen eyes. Gay.
To Lock. v. n.
I.To become fall by a lock.
For not of wood, nor of enduring brafs,
Doubly difparted it did lock and clofe,
That when it locked, none might through it pafs. Fa. Vfu.
<2. To unite by mutual infertion.
Either they lock into each other, or flip one upon another’s
furface; as much of their furfaces touches as makes theni
cohere. Boyle.
Lo'cker. n.f [from lock.] Any thing that is clofed with a
lock; a drawer.
I made lockers or drawers at the end of the boat. R. Crufoe.
Lo'cket. n.f. [loquet, French.] A fmall lock; any catch or
fpring to fallen a necklace, or other ornament.
Where knights are kept in narrow lifts.
With wooden lockets ’bout their wrifts. Hudihras, p. in
Lo'ckram. n.f. A fort of coarfe linen. Hanrner.
The kitchen malkin pins
Her 'richeft lockram ’bout her reeky neck,
Clamb’ring the walls to eye him. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Lo'ckron. n.f. A kind of ranunculus.
Locomo'tion. n.f. focus and motus, Lat.] Power of changeing place.
All progrefllon, or animal locomotion, is performed by draw¬
ing on, or impelling forward, fome part which was before at
quiet. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Locomo'tive. adj. [locus and moveo, Lat.] Changing place;
having the power of removing or changing place.
I fhall confider the motion, or locomotive faculty of ani¬
mals. Derham’s Phyftco-Theol.
In the night too oft he kicks,
Or fhows his locomotive tricks. Prior.
An animal cannot well be defined from any particular, organical part, nor from its locomotive faculty, for fome adhere
to rocks. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Lo'cust. n.f. [locufla, Latin.]
The Hebrews had feveral forts of locufls, which are
not known among us: the old hiftorians and modern tra¬
vellers remark, that locvjis are very numerous in Africk, and
many places of Afia; that fometimes they fell like a cloud
upon the country, and eat up every thing they meet with.
Mofes deferibes four forts of locufls. Since there was a pro¬
hibition againft ufing locufls, it is not to be queftioned but
that thefe creatures were commonly eaten in Paleftine, and
the neighbouring countries. Calmet.
To-morrow will I bring the locufls into thy coaft. Exod.
Air replete with the fleams of animals, rotting, has pro¬
duced peftilential fevers ; fuch have likewife been railed by
great quantities of dead locufls. Arbuthnot on Air.
Locust-tree. n.f
The locufl-tree hath a papilionaceous flower, from whofe
calyx arifes the pointal, which afterwards becomes an unicaplular hard pod, including foundifh hard feeds, which are
furrounded with a fungous ltringy fubftance. Miller.
Lodestar.. See Loadstar.
Lodestone. See Loadstone.
To Lodge, v. a. [Ionian, Saxon; lager, French.]
1. To place in a temporary habitation.
When he was come to the court of France, the king
ftiled him by the name of the duke of York; lodged him,
and accommodated him, in great ftate. Bacon's He?iry VII,
2. To afford a temporary dwelling; to fupply with harbour for
a night.
Ev’ry houfe was proud to lodge a knight. Dryden.
3. To place ; to plant.
When on the brink the foaming boar I met,
And in his fide thought to have lodg'd my fpear,
The defp’rate favage rufh’d'within my force,
And bore me headlong with him down the rock. Otivay.
He lodg'd an arrow in a tender breaft,
That had fo often to his own been preft. Addifon s Ovif.
In viewing again the ideas that are lodged in the memory,
the mind is more than paflive. Locke.
4. To fix ; to fettle. f
By whofe fell working I was firft advanc’d,
And by whofe pow’r I well might lodge a fear
To be again difplac’d. Shakefpeare.
. I can give no reafon,
More than a lodg'd hate, and a certain loathing
I bear Antonio. Shakefpeare's Merck, of Venice.
5. To place in the memory. .
This cunning the king would not underfland, though he
lodged it, and noted it, in fome particulars. Baton's H. VII.
6. To harbour or cover.
The deer is lodg'd, I’ve track’d her to her covert;
Rufh in at once. Addifon's Cato.
7. To afford place to.
The memory can lodge a greater ftore of images, than all
the fenfes can prefent at one time. Cheyne's Phil. Principles.
8. To lay flat.
Though bladed corn be lodg'd, and trees blown down.
Though caftles topple on their warders heads. Shakefp.
We’ll make foul weather with defpiled tears ;
Our fighs, and they, fhall lodge the Summer corn.
And make a dearth in this revolting land. Shakefpeare.
To Lodge, v. n.
1. To refide ; to keep residence.
Care keeps his watch in ev’ry old man’s eye,
And where care lodgeth, fleep will never lie. Shakefp,
Something holy lodges in that breaft,
And with thefe raptures moves the vocal air
To teftify his hidden refidence. Milton.
And dwells fuch rage in fofteft bofom then?
And lodge fuch daring fouls in little men ? Pope.
2. To take a temporary habitation.
Why commands the king.
That his chief followers lodge in towns about him,
While he himfelf keepeth in the cold field ? Shakefp.
I know not where he lodges ; and for me to devife a lodg¬
ing, and fay, he lies here, or he lies there, were to lie in
mine own throat. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the
people. 2 Sam. xvii. 8,
3. To take up refidence at night.
My lords
And iloldiers, flay and lodge by me this night. Shakefp.
Oh, that I had in the wildernefs a lodging place of way¬
faring men, that 1 might leave my people. Jer. ix. 4.
Here thou art but a ftranger travelling to thy country; it
is therefore a huge folly to be afflidted, becaufe thou haft a
lefs convenient inn to lodge in by the way. Taylor.
4. To lie fiat.
Long cone wheat they reckon in Oxfordfhire beft for rank
clays ; and its ftraw makes it not fubjedl to lodge, or to be
mildewed. Mortimer's ILufbandry.
Lodge, n.f [logis, French.]
1. A fmall houfe in a park or foreft.
He brake up his court, and retired himfelf, his wife and
children, into a certain foreft thereby, which he calleth his
defart, wherein he hath built two fine lodges. Sidney.
I found him as melancholy as a lodge in a warren. Shak.
He and his lady both are at the lodge,
Upon the north fide of this pleafant chace. Shakefpeare.
Thus at their fhady lodge arriv’d, both ftood.
Both turn’d, and under open fky ador’d
The God that made both fky, air, earth. Milton.
Whenever I am turned out, my ledge defeends upon a
low-lpirited family. Svjift,
2. Any fmall houfe; as, the porter’s lodge.
Lodgement, n.f [from lodge-, logement, French.]
1. Accumulation, or collocation in a certain place.
The curious lodgement and inofculation of the auditory
nerves. Da-ham,
An opprefled diaphragm from a mere lodge?nent of extravafated matter. Sharp's Surgery,
2. Pofleflion of the enemy’s work.
The military pedant is making lodgements, and fighting
battels, from one end of the year to the other. Addifon.
Lo'dger,
s
LOG LOG
Lo'dger. ».f [from lodge.]
I.One who lives in rooms hired in the houfe of another.
Bafe tyke, call’ft thou me hoft ? now, I fcorn the term ;
nor (hall my Nell keep lodgers. Shakefpcare's Henry V.
There were in a family, the man and his wife, three chil¬
dren, and three fervants or lodgers. Grounds Bills.
I hole houfes are fooneft infedted that are crowded with
multiplicity of lodgers, and nafty families. Harvey.
The gentlewoman begged me to ftep ; for that a lodger
fhe had taken in was run mad. Toiler, N°. 88.
Sylla was reproached by his fellow lodger, that whilft the
fellow lodger paid eight pounds one {hilling and fivepence
halfpeny for the uppermoft ftory, he paid for the reft twentyfour pounds four (hillings and fourpence halfpeny. Arbuthnot.
1.One that refides in any place.
Look in that breaft, moft dirty dear ;
Say, can you find but one fuch lodger there ? Pope.
Lodging, n.f. [from lodge.]
1. Temporary habitation ; rooms hired in the houfe of another.
I will in Caflio’s lodging lofe this napkin,
And let him find it. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Let him change his lodging from one end of the town to
another, which is a great adamant of acquaintance. Bacon.
At night he came
To his known lodgings, and his country dame. Dryden.
He defired his fifter to bring her away to the lodgings of
his friend. Addifons Guardian, N°. 155.
Wits take lodgings in the found of Bow. Pope.
2. Place of refidence.
Fair bofom fraught with virtue’s richeft treafure,
The neft of love, the lodging of delight,
The bower of blifs, the paradife of pleafure.
The facred harbour of that heavenly fpright. Spenfer.
3. Harbour; covert.
The hounds were uncoupled; and the flag thought it bet¬
ter to truft to the nimblenefs of his feet, than to the flender
fortification of his lodging. Sidney.
4. Convenience to deep on.
Their feathers ferve to fluff* our beds and pillows, yielding
us foft and warm lodging. Ray on Creation.
Loft. n.f. [lloft, Welfh; or from lfti\
1.
Bacon.
2.
A floor.
There is a traverfe placed in a loft above.
The higheft floor.
To lull him in his (lumber foft,
A trickling ftream from high rock tumbling down,
And ever drizzling rain upon the loft,
Mixt with a murmuring wind. Fairy Jfueen, b. i.
3. Rooms on high.
Palling through the fpheres of watchful fire.
And hills of fnow, and lofts of piled thunder.
A weafel once made fhift to flink
In at a corn loft, through a chink.
Lo'ftily. adv. [from loftyA
1. On high ; in an elevated place.
2. Proudly; haughtily.
They fpeak wickedly concerning oppreffion; they fpeak
loftily. • Pfal. lxxiii. 8.
3. With elevation of language or fentiment; fublimely.
My lowly verfe may loftily arife,
And lift itfelf unto the higheft fleies. Fairy Jfueen.
Lo'ftiness. n. f. [from lofty.J
Milton.
Pope.
1.
2.
Height; local elevation.
Sublimity; elevation of fentiment.
Three poets in three diftant ages born ;
The firft in loftinefs of thought furpafs’d,
The next in majefty; in both the laft. Dryden.
3. Pride; haughtinefs.
Auguftus and Tiberius had loftinefs enough in their tem¬
per, and affedled to make a fovereign figure. Collier.
Lo'fty. adj. [from loft, or lift.]
1. High; hovering; elevated in place.
See lofty Lebanon his head advance,
See nodding forefts on the mountains dance. Pope's Mejfiah.
2. Sublime; elevated in fentiment.
He knew
Himfelf to fing and build the lofty rhyme. Milton.
3. Proud; haughty.
Man, the tyrant of our fex, I hate,
A lowly fervant, but a lofty mate. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
Lofty and four to them that lov’d him not;
But to thofe men that fought him, fweet as Summer. Shah.
Log. n.f. [The original of this word is not known. Skinner
derives it from hjjan, Saxon, to lie; Junius from logge,
Dutch, fluggifh; perhaps the Latii\ lignum, is the true ori¬
ginal.] A lhapelefs bulky piece of wood.
Would the light’ning had
Burnt up thofe logs that thou’rt injoin’d to pile. Shakefp.
The worms with many feet are bred under logs of timber*
and many times in gardens, where no logs are. Bacon.
Some log, perhaps, upon the waters fwam.
An ufelefs drift, which rudely cut within,
6
And hollow’d firft a floating trough became,
dr.c crofs fome riv’let pafl’age did begin. Dryden.
The frighted dame
The log in fecret lock’d. Dryden's Ovid.
2. An Hebrew meafure, which held a quarter of a cab, and
confequently five-fixths of a pint. According to Dr. Ar¬
buthnot it was a liquid meafure, the feventy-fecond part of
the bath or ephah, and twelfth part of the hin. Calmet.
A meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil.
Lev. xiv. 10.
Logarithms, n. f. [logarithme, Fr. Xoyog and dlp&poc.]
Logarithms, which are the indexes of the ratio’s of num¬
bers one to another, were firft invented by Napier lord Merchifon, a Scottifh baron, and afterwards completed by Mr.
Briggs, Savilian profeffor at Oxford. They are a feries of
artificial numbers, contrived for the expedition of calculation,
and proceeding in an arithmetical proportion, as the numbers
they anfwer to do in a geometrical one : for inftance,
0123456 7 89
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512
Where the numbers above, beginning with (0), and arith¬
metically proportional, are called logarithms. The addition
and fubtraftion of logarithms anfwers to the multiplication and
divifion of the numbers they correfpond with ; and this faves
an infinite deal of trouble. In like manner will the extrac¬
tion of roots be performed, by difledling the logarithms of
any numbers for the fquare root, and trifeefting them for the
cube, and fo on. Harris.
Lo'ggat^. n.f.
Loggdts is the ancient name of a play or game, which is
one of the unlawful games enumerated in the thirty-third ftatute of Henry VIII. It is the fame which is now called kit—
tiepins, in which boys often make ufe of bones inftead of
wooden pins, throwing at them with another bone inftead of
bowling. Hanmer.
Did thefe bones coft no more the breeding, but to play at
loggats with them. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Lo'ggerhead. n.f. [logge, Dutch, Jlupid and head, or rather
from log, a heavy motionlefs mafs, as blockhead.] A dolt; a
blockhead; a thickfcul.
Where haft been, Hal ?
With three or four loggerheads, amongft three or fourfeore
hogfheads. Shakefpeare's HenryIV.
Says this loggerhead, what have we to do to quench other
peoples fires. L'EJlrange.
To fall to Loggerheads. \ To feuffle; to fight without weaTo go to Loggerheads. ) pons.
A couple of travellers that took up an afs, fell to loggerheads which fhould be his mafter. L'EJlrange.
Lo'ggerheaded. adj. [from loggerhead.] Dull; ftupid j
doltifh.
You loggerheaded and unpolifh’d groom, what ! no at¬
tendance ? Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
LO'GICK. n.f. [logique, French; logica, Latin, from Aoyos.J
The art of reafoning.
Logick is the art of ufing reafon well in our inquiries after
truth, and the communication of it to others. Watts's Logick.
Talk logick with acquaintance,
And pra&ife rhetorick in your common talk. Shakefpeare.
By a logick that left no man any thing which he might call
his own, they no more looked upon it as the cafe of one
man, but the cafe of the kingdom. Clarendon.
Here foam’d rebellious logick, gagg’d and bound.
There ftript fair rhetorick languish'd on the ground. Pope•
Lo'gical. adj. [from logick.]
1. Pertaining to logick ; taught in logick.
The heretick complained greatly of St. Auguftine, as be¬
ing too full of logical fubtilties. Hooker, b. iii.
Thofe who in a logical difpute keep in general terms, would
hide a fallacy. Dryden's Pref. to Ann. Mirab.
We ought not to value ourfelves upon our ability, in
giving fubtile rules, and finding out logical arguments, fince
it would be more perfe&ion not to want them. Baker.
2. Skilled in logick ; furnifhed with logick.
A man who fets up for a judge in criticifm, ftiould have a
clear and logical head. Addifon's Speft. N°. 291.
Logically, adv. [from logical.] According to the laws of
logick.
How can her old good man
With honour take her back again ?
From hence I logically gather.
The woman cannot live with either. Prior.
Logician, n.f. [logicien, French; logicus, Latin.] A teacher
or profeffor of logick; a man verfed in logick.
If a man can play the true logician, and have as well judg¬
ment as invention, he may do great matters. Bacon.
If we may believe our logicians, man is diftinguifhed from
all other creatures by the faculty of laughter. Addifon.
Each {launch polemick ftubborn as a rock,
Each fierce logician ftill expelling Locke,
Came whip and fpur. Dunciad, b. iv.
A logician
L O L LON
A logician might put a cafe that would fervc for an excep¬
tion. Swifti
The Arabian phyficians were fubtile men, and molt of
them logicians-, accordingly they have given method, and
filed fubtilty upon their author. Baker.
Lo'gman. n.f. [% and man.J One whofe bufmefs is to carry
logs.
For your fake
Am I this patient logman. Shake[peare's Tempejl.
Lo'gomacky. n.f. [Xoyoy.ocelot.] A contention in words ; a
contention about words.
Forced terms of art did much puzzle facred theology with
diftindtions, cavils, quiddities ; and fo transformed her to a
meer kind of fophiftry and logomachy. Hovjel.
Lo'gwood. n.f.
Logwood is of a very denfe and firm texture ; it is brought
to us in very large and thick blocks or logs, and is the heart
only of the tree which produces it. It is very heavy, and
remarkably hard, and of a deep, ftrong, red colour. It
grows both in the Fall: and Weft Indies, but no where fo
plentifully as on the coaft of the bay of Campeachy. It has
been long known by the dyers, and was but latejy intro¬
duced in medicine, and is found to be an excellent aftringent. Hill's Mat. Med.
'Fo make a light purple, mingle cerufe with logwood wa¬
ter. Peacham on Drawing.
Lo'hock. n.f.
Lohock is an Arabian name for thofe forms of medicines
which are now commonly called Eclegma’s, lambatives, or
lin&us’s. Quincy.
Lohocks and pectorals were prefcribed, and venefedtion re¬
peated. knifeman’s Surgery.
Loin. n.f. [llwyn, Welfti.] y
1. The back of an animal carved out by th/t butcher.
2. Loins ; the reins.
My face I’ll grime with filth.
Blanket my loins. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Thou fiander of thy heavy mother’s womb !
Thou loathed ifliie of thy father’s loins. Shakefp. Rich. HI.
Virgin mother, hail!
High in the love of heav’n ! yet from my loins
Thou fhalt proceed, and from thy womb the fon
Of God moft high. Milton’s Par. Lofl, b. xii.
A multitude ! like which the populous north
Pour’d never from her frozen loins, to pafs
Rhene, or the Danaw, when her barbarous fons
Came like a deluge on the fouth. Milton.
To LO'ITER. v. n. [loteren, Dutch.] To linger; to fpend
time carelefsly; to idle.
Sir John, you loiter here too long, being you are to take
foldiers up in the countries. Shakefpedre.
Whence this long delay ?
You loiter, while the fpoils are thrown away. Dryden.
Mark how he fpends his time, whether he una&ively loiters
it away. Locke.
If yve have gone wrong, let us redeem the miftake ; if we
have 'loitered, let us quicken our pace, and make the moft of
the prefent opportunity. Rogers’s Sermons.
Lo'iterer. n. f. [from loiter.] A lingerer ; an idler; a lazy
wretch ; one who lives without bufmefs ; one who is fluggifh
and dilatory.
Give gloves to thy reapers a largefs to cry,
And daily to loiterers have a good eye. Puffer’s Hufb.
The poor, by idlenefs or unthriftinefs, are riotous fpenders,
vagabonds, and loiterers. Hayward.
Where haft thou been, thou loiterer ?
Though my eyes clos’d, my arms have ftill been open’d,
To fearch if thou wert come. Otway.
Providence would only enter mankind into the ufeful
knowledge of her treafures, leaving the reft to employ our
induftry, that we live not like idle loiterers and truants. More.
Ever liftlefs loit'rers, that attend
No caufe, no truft, no duty, and no friend. Pope.
To LOLL. v. n. [Of this word the etymology is not known.
Perhaps it might be contemptuoufly derived from lollard, a
name of great reproach before the reformation; of whom
one tenet was, that all trades not neceflary to life are un¬
lawful.]
I. To lean idly; to reft lazily againft any thing.
So hangs, and lolls, and weeps upon me; fo fhakes and
pulls me. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
He is not lolling on a lewd love bed,
But on his knees at meditation. Shakefp. Rich. III.
(_ lofe by a foftly murm’ring ftream,
Where lovers us’d to loll and dream. Hudibras, p. i.
To loll on couches, rich with cytron fteds,
And lay your guilty limbs in Tyrian beds. Dryden.
Void of care he lolls fupine in ftate,
And leaves his bufinels to be done by fate. DrycL Perf.
But wanton now, and lolling at our eafe,
We fufter all the invet’rate ills of peace. Dryden,
A lazy, lolling fort
Of ever liftlefs loit’rers. ° Dunciad, b. Wi
2. To hang out. Ufed of the tongue hanging out in wearinefs
or play.
The triple porter of the Stygian feat,
With lolling tongue lay fawning at thy feet. Dryden.
With harmlefs play amidft the bowls he pafs’d.
And with his lolling tongue allay’d the tafte. Drydem
To Loll. v. a. To put out: ufed of the tongue exerted.
All authors to their own defeats are blind ;
Hadft thou but, Janus-like, a face behind,
To fee the people, when fplay mouths they make,
To mark their fingers pointed at thy back,
Their tongues loll'd out a foot. Dryden’s Perfius.
By Strymon’s freezing ftreams he fat alone,
Trees bent their heads to hear him fing his wrongs,
Fierce tygers couch’d around, and MWtheirfawningtongues.
, Dryden’s Virgil.
Joy the wolf were laid the martial twins ;
Intrepid on her fwelling dugs they hung.
The fofter-dam loll’d out her fawning tongue. Drvden.
Lomp. n.f. A kind of roundilh filh.
Lone. adj. [contracted from alone.]
1. Solitary.
Here the lone hour a blank of life difpla^s. Savage,
Tlius vanilh feeptres, coronets and balls,
And leave you in lone woods, or empty walls. Pope.
2. Single ; without company. ^
. No lone houfe in Wales, with a mountain and a rookery,
is more contemplative than this court. p0L
Lo neliness. n.f [from lonely.] Solitude; want of compa¬
ny ; difpofition to avoid company. r
The huge and fportful afibmbly grew to him a tedious
lonelinefs, efteeming nobody found fince Daiphantus was loft.
Sidney*
I fee
The myftery of your lonelinefs, and find
Your fait tears head. Shaieffmre.
Lonely, adj. [from lone.] Solitary; addifted to folitude.
I go alone,
Like to a lonely dragon; that his fen
Makes fear’d and talk’d of more than feen. Shakefp.
Why thus clofe up the liars
That nature hung in heav’n, and fill’d their lamps
With everlafting oil, to give due light
To the milled and lonely traveller, Milton.
Time has made you dote, and vainly tell
Of arms imagin’d, in your lonely cell. Dryden’s /En.
When, faireft princefs,
You lonely thus from the full court retire,
Love and the graces follow to your folitude. Rowe.
Loneness. n. f. [from Mi?.] Solitude; dillike of company.
If of court life you knew the good,
You would leave lonenefs. Donne.
I can love
Her who loves lonenefs beft. * Donne.
Lo'nesome. adj. [from lone.] Solitary; difmal.
Yeu either muft the earth from reft difturb,
Or roll around the heavens the folar orb ;
Fife what a dreadful face will nature wear ?
How horrid will thefe lonefotne feats appear ? Blackmore,
Long. adj. [long, French ; longus, Latin.]
1. Not fhiort.
He talked a long while, even till break of day. Adis xx.
He was defirous to fee him of a long feafon. Luke xxiii.
2. Having one of its geometrical dimenfions in a greater de¬
gree than either of the other.
His branches became long becaufe of the waters. Ezek.
We made the trial in a long necked phial left open at the
% . . ,
3. Of any certain meafure in length.
Women eat their children of a fpan long. Lam. ii. 20.
4. Not foon ceafing, or at an end.
Man goeth to his long home. Eccl. xii. 5.
Honour thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be
long upon the land. Exod. xx. 12.
I he phyfician cutteth off a long difeafe* Eccluf. x» 10.
5. Dilatory.
Death will not be long in coming, and the covenant of
the grave is not fhewed unto thee. Eccluf. xiv. 12.
6. [from the verb, to long.] Longing; defirous; or perhaps,
long continued, from the difpofition to continue looking at
any thing defired.
Fraying for him, and tailing a long look that way, he faw
the galley leave the purfuit. Sidney,
By ev’ry circumftance I know he loves;
Yet he but doubts, and parlies, and cafts out
Many a long look-for fuecour. Dryden,
*5 Q. Yet
L O N LON
7. Reaching to a great diftance.
If the way be too long for thee. Deut. xiv. 24.
I hey are old by reafon of the very long journey. Jof ix.
8. In mufick and pronunciation.] Protra&ed ; as, a long note ;
a long fyllable.
Lo nc. adv.
1. To a great length.
1 he marble brought, eredls the fpacious dome.
Or forms the pillars /^-extended rows
On which the planted grove and penfile garden grows.
Prior.
2. Not for a fhort time.
With mighty barres of /^-enduring brafs. Fairfax.
When the trumpet foundeth long, they {hall come up to the
mount. Exocl. xix. 13.
The martial Ancus
Furbifh’d the rufly fword again,
Refum’d the /^-forgotten fhield. Dryden.
One of thefe advantages, that which Corneille has laid
down, is the making choice of fome fignal and long-expedted day, whereon the adlion of the play is to depend.
Dryden on Dramatick Poefy.
So flood the pious prince unmov’d, and long
Suflain’d the madnefs of the noify throng. Dryden's sEn.
The mufe refumes her /c^-forgotten lays,
And love, reftor’d, his ancient realm furveys. Dryden.
No man has complained that you have dil'courfed too long
on any lubjedf, for you leave us in an eagernefs of learning
more. Dryden.
Perfia left for you
The realm of Candahar for dow’r I brought,
That /cw^-contended prize for which you fought. Dryden.
It may help to put an end to that /^-agitated and unreafonable queftion, whether man’s will be free or no ? Locke.
Heav’n reftores
To thy fond wifh the expected {bores. Pope's Odyffey.
3. In the comparative, it Iignifies for more time; and in' the
fuperlatiye, for moll time.
When fhe could not longer hide him, {he took for him an
ark of bullrufhes. Exod. ii. 3.
Eldeft parents iignifies either the eldeft men and women
that have had children, or thofe who have longejl had
iH~ue* Locke.
4. Not foon.
Not long after there arofe again!! it a tempeftuous wind.
Adis xxvii. 14.
5. At a point of duration far diftant.
If the world had been eternal, thofe would have been
found in it, and generally fpread long ago, and beyond the
memory of all ages. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Say, that you once were virtuous long ago ?
A frugal, hardy people. Philips's Briton.
6. [For alongau long, Fr.J All along] throughout.
Them among
There fat a man of ripe and perfect age.
Who did them meditate all his life long. Fairy ghieen.
Some fay, that ever ’gain!! that feafon comes.
Wherein our Saviour’s birth is celebrated.
The bird of dawning fingeth all night long,
And then they lay no fpirit walks abroad.
The nights are wholefome, then no planets ftrike.
No fairy takes, no witch hath power to charm,
So hallow’d and fo gracious is the time. Shakefp. Hamlet.
He fed me all my life long to this day. Gen. xlviii. 15.
Forty years long was I grieved with this generation. Pfal.
Long. v.n. [^elanj, a fault, Saxon.] By the fault] by the
failure. A word now out of ufe, but truly Englifh.
Refpedtive and waiy men had rather feek quietly their
own, and wifh that the world may go well, fo it be not long
of them, than with pains and hazard make themfelves advifers for the common good. Hooker, b. v.
Maine, BJoys, Poicliers, and Tours are won away,
Long all of Somerfet, and his delay. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Miftrefs, all this coyl is long of you. Shakefpeare.
If we owe it to him that we know fo much, it is perhaps
long of his fond adorers that we know lo little more. Glanv.
To Long. v. n. [gelangen, German, to afk. Skinner.] To
defire earneftly j to wifti with eagernefs continued, with for
or after before the thing defired.
Frefh expectation troubled not the land
With any long'dfor change, or better itate. Shakefpeare.
And thine eyes {hall look, and fail with longing for them.
Deut. xxviii. 32.
If earft he wiftied, now he longed fore. Fairfax, b. i.
The great mafter perceived, that Rhodes was the place the
Turkifh tyrant longed after. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
If the report be good, it caufeth love,
And longing hope, and well allured joy. Davies.
His fons, who feek the tyrant to fuftain,
And long for arbitrary lords again.
He dooms to death deferv’d. Drvden's /En.
3
Glad of the gift, the hew made warrior goes.
And arms among the Greeks, and longsfor equal foes. Dryd.
Fife whence this pleafing hope, this fond defire.
This longing after immortality ? Addifons Cato.
There’s the tie that binds you j
You long to call him father :• iMarcia’s charms
Work in your heart unfeen, and plead for Cato. Addfon.
Nicomedes longing for herrings, was fupplied with frefh
ones by his cook, though at a great diftance from the fea.
Arbuthnot on Coins.
Through ftormy feas
I courted dangers, and I long'd for death. A. Philips.
Longanimity, n.f [longanimitas, Latin] longanimity Fr.J
Forbearance j patience of offences.
It had overcome the patience of Job, as it did the meeknefs of Mofes, and furely had maftered any but the longanimity and lafting fufferance of God. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
That innocent and holy matron had rather go clad in the
fnowy white robes of meeknefs and longanimity, than in the
purple mantle of blood. Howell's England's Tears.
Lo'ngboat. n. f. The large!! boat belonging to a {hip.
At the firft defeent on fhoar, he did countenance the land¬
ing in his longboat. IVotton.
They firft betray their mafters, and then, when they find
the veftel finking, fave themfelves in the longboat. L'EJlrange.
LongeVity. n.f. [longesvus, Latin.] Length of life.
That thofe are countries fuitable to the nature of man,
and convenient to live in, appears from the longevity of the
natives.. on Creation.
1 he inftances of longevity are chiefly among!! the abftemious. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Longimanous. adj. {longuemain, French] longimanus, Lat.]
Long-handed ] having long hands. J
The villainy of this Chriftian exceeded the perfecution of
heathens, whofe malice was never fo longimanous as to reach
the foul of their enemies, or to extend unto the exile of their
elyfiums. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vii.
LongTmetry. n.f [longus and j longimetrie, French.]
The art or practice of meafuring diftances.
Our two eyes are like two different ftations in longimetry,
by the afliftance of which the diftance between two objedls is
meafured. Cheyne's Phil. Principles.
Longing, n.f. [from long.] Earneft defire j continual wifh.
.When within fhort time I came to the degree of uncer¬
tain wifhes, and that thofe wifhes grew to unquiet longings,
when I would fix my thoughts upon nothing, but that within
little varying they fhould end with Phiioclea. Sidney.
I have a woman’s longings
An appetite that I am lick withal.
To fee great Hedfor in the weeds of peace. Shakefpeare
The will is left to the purfuit of nearer fatisfaftions', and
to the removal of thofe uneafinefles which it then feels in its
want of, and longings after, them. Locke.
LoVgingly. adv. [from longing.] With inceflant wifhes.
To his firft bias longingly he leans,
And rather would be great by wicked means. Dryden.
Lo'ngish. adj. [from long.~\ Somewhat Jong.
LONGITUDE, n.f. [longitude, French] longitudo, Latin.]
1. Length] the greateft dimenfion. J
The ancients did determine the longitude of all rooms
which were longer than broad* by the double of their lafitUt’, . f , ... . IVotton's Architect.
I he variety of the alphabet was in mere longitude only •
but the thoufand parts of our bodies may be diverfified by
fixation in all the dimenfions of folid bodies j which mul¬
tiplies all over and over again, and overwhelms the fancy in
a new abyfs of unfathomable number. Bentley’s Sermons
This umverfal gravitation is an incefTant and uniform ac’
tion by certain and eftablifhed laws, according to quantity of
matter and longitude of diftance, that it cannot be deftroved
nor impaired. > p *
. .-pi • c r 1 rsentley s Sermons.
dh!r CirCUmferCnce °f the earth meafured from any meriSome of Magellanus’s company were the firft that did
compafs the world through all the degrees of longitude. Abbot.
3. The diftance of any part of the earth to the eaft or wel! of
any place.
r\c 1 j , To conclude;
Uf longitudes, what other way have we,
But to mark when and where the dark eclipfes be ? Donne.
is was the method of difeovering the longitude by bomb
ldS- r • Arbuth. and Pope's Mart. Scrib.
4 1 he pofition of any thing to eaft or weft.
7 he longitude of a ftar is its diftance from the firft point
of numeration toward the eaft, which firft point, unto the
ancients, was the vernal equinox. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
LoNGnru'DUMAL. adj. [from longitude; longitudinal., French ]
Meafured by the length j running in the longeft dire&ion
Longitudinal is oppofed to tranfverfe : thefe veficube are
diftended, and their longitudinal diameters ftraitened and fo
the length of the whole mufcle {hortened. ’ Chevne
Lo'ncly.
LOO L O O
Lo'scly. adv. [from long.] Longingly; with great liking.
Mailer, you look’d io longly on the maid,
Perhaos, you mark not what’s the pith of all. Shakefp.
Lo'ngsoME. adj. [from long.} Tedious; wearifome by its
length.
They found the war fo churlifh and longfome, as they grew
then to a refolution, that, as long as England flood in Hate
to fuccour thofe countries, they fhould but confume themlelves in an endlefs war. Bacon's War with Spain.
When chill’d by adverfe fnows, and beating rain,
VvTe tread with weary Heps the longfome plain. Prior.
Lo'ngsuffering. adj. [long mv\fuffering.] Patient; not eafily
provoked. .
The Lord God, merciful and gracious, longjnffenng, and
abundant in goodnefs. Exod. xxxiv. 6.
Lo'ngsuffering. n. f. Patience of offence ; clemency.
We infer from the mercy and longfujfering of God, that
they were themlelves fufficpently fecure of his favour. Rogers.
Lo'ngtaij.. n. f [long and tail.] Cut and long tail: a cant¬
ing term for, one or another.
He will maintain you like a gentlewoman.
— Ave, that I will come cut and lorigtail under the degree
of a iqiiire. Shakefpeare's Merry Wives of Windfor.
Lo'ngways. adv. [This and’many other words fo terminated
are corrupted from wife.} In the longitudinal diredlion.
This illand Hands as a vaft mole, which lies longways, almoit in a parallel line to Naples. Addijon on Italy.
Lo'ngwinbed. adj. [long and wind.} Long-breathed; tedious.
My fimile you minded,
Which, I confefs, is too longwinded. Swift.
Lo'ngwise. adv. [long and wife.] In the longitudinal direc¬
tion.
They make a little crofs of a quill, longwife of that part of
the quill which hath the pith, and croflwife of that piece
of the quill without pith. Bacon.
He was laid upon ‘two beds, the one joined long-wife unto
the other, both which he filled with his length. Hakewill.
Loo. n.f A game at cards.
A fecret indignation, that all thofe affections of the mind
fhould be thus vilely thrown away upon a hand at loo. Addif
In the fights of loo. Pope.
Lo'obily. adj. [looby and like.] Aukward; clumfy.
The plot of the farce was a grammar fchool, the maHer
fetting his boys their leffons, and a loobily country fellow put¬
ting in for a part among the fcholars. L'EJlrange.
Loort n.f. It is that part aloft of the fhip which lies juft be¬
fore the chefs-trees, as far as the bulk head of the caftk.
Sea Didiionary.
To Loof. v. a. To bring the fhip clofe to a wind.
Lo'oby. n.f. [Of this word the derivation is unfettled. Skin¬
ner mentions lapp, German, foolijh ; and Junius, llcibe, a
clown, Welfh, which feems to be the true original.] A lub¬
ber ; a clumfy clown.
The vices trace
From the father’s fcoundrel race.
Who could give the looby fuch airs ?
Were they mafons, were they butchers ? Swift.
Lo'ofed. adj. [from aloof] Gone to a diftance.
She once being looft, Antony
Claps on his fca-wing, like a doating mallard,
Leaving the fight. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To Look. v. n. [locan, Saxon.]
i.To dire£l the eye to or from any obje£l.
Your queen died, fhe was more worth fuch gazes
Than what you look on now. Shakcjp. Winter's Tale.
The sods look down, and the unnat’ral Scene
They laugh at. Shakefpeare' Coriolanus.
Abimelech looked out at a window, and law Ifaac. Gen.
Mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, fo that I am
not able to look up. Pfal. xl. 12.
He was ruddy, and of a beautiful countenance, and goodly
to look to. * 1 Sam. xvi. 12.
The fathers {hall not look back to their children. Jer.
He had looked round about on them with anger. Mark iii.
The Hate would caff the eye, and look about to fee, whe¬
ther there were any head under whom it might unite. Bacon.
Fine devices of arching water without fpilling, be pretty
things to look on, but nothing to health. Bacon's Effays.
Froth appears white, whether the fun be in the meridian,
or anywhere between it and the horizon, and from what
place Soever the beholders look upon it. Boyle on Colours.
They’ll rather wait the running of the river dry, than take
pains to look about for a bridge. _ L'Ejlrange.
Thus' pondering, he look'd under with his eyes,
And lav/ the woman’s tears. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
Bertran ; if thou dar’H, look out
Upon yon fiaughter’d hoft. Dryden's Spanijh Friar.
1 cannot, without fome indignation, look on an ill copy of
an excellent original; much lefs can I behold with patience
Virgil and Homer abufed to their faces, by a botching in¬
terpreter. Dryden.
Intellectual being, in their conflant endeavours after true
felicity, can fufpend this profecution iii particular cafes, tili
they have looked before them, and informed themfelves, whe -
ther that particular thing lie in their way to their main
end. Lockei
There may be in his reach a book, containing pictures
and difeourfes capable to delight and inftruCt him, which yet
he may never take the pains to look into. Locke1
Towards thofe who communicate their thoughts in print*
I cannot but look with a friendly regard, provided there is no
tendency in their writings to vice. Addifon's Freeholder.
A folid and fubftantial greatnefs of foul looks down with a
generous negledl on the cenfures and applaufcs of the multi¬
tude. Addijon s Spectator, NY 255*
I have nothing left but to gather up the reliques of a
wreck, and look about me to fee how few friends I have
left. Pope to Swifti
The optick nerves of fuch animals as look the fame way
with both eyes, as of men, meet before they come into the
brain ; but the optick nerves of fuch animals as do not look
the fame way with both eyes, as of fifties, do not meet.
Newton's Opticks.
2. To have power of feeing.
Fate fees thy life lodg’d in a brittle glafs.
And looks it through, but to it cannot pafs. Drydeni.
3. To direCl the intellectual eye.
In regard of our deliverance paft, and our danger prefent
and to come, let us look up to God, and every man reform
his own ways. Bacon's New Atlantis.
We are not only to look at the bare aCtion, but at the reafon of it. Stillingfeet.
The man only faved the pigeon from the hawk, that he
might eat it himfelf; and if we look well about us, we fhall
find this to be the cafe of moft mediations. L'EJlranget
They will not look beyond the received notions of the place
and age, nor have fo prefumptuous a thought as to be wifer
than their neighbours. Locket
Every one, if he would look into himfelf, would find fome
defeCf of his particular genius. Locke.
Change a man’s view of things ; let him look into the fu¬
ture ftate of blifs ormifery, and fee there God, the righteous
Judge, ready to render every man according to his deeds.
Locket
4. To expeCt.
Being once chaft, he fpeaks
What’s in his heart; and that is there, which looks
With us to break his neck. Shakefpeare's Coriolanust
If he long deferred the march, he muft look to fight an¬
other battle before he could reach Oxford. Clarendont
5. 'Fo take care ; to watch.
I look that ye bind them faft. Shakefpearet
He that gathered a hundred bufhels of apples, had thereby
a property in them ; he was only to look that he ufed them,
before they fpoiled, elfe he robbed others. Locket
6. To be direCIed with regard to any objeCI.
Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look
ftraight before thee. Prov. iv. 25*
7. To have any particular appearance.
I took the way*
Which through a path, but fcarcely printed, lay;
And look'd as lightly prefs’d by fairy feet. Dryden.
That fpotlefs modefty of private and publick life, that ge¬
nerous fpirit, which all other Chriftians ought to labour after,
fhould look in us as if they were natural. Spratfs Sermt
Piety, as it is thought a way to the favour of God; and
fortune, as it looks like the effeCt either of that, or at leaf! of
prudence and courage, beget authority. Temple.
Cowards are oIFenfive to my fight;
Nor fhall they fee me do an aCt that looks
Below the courage of a Spartan king. Dryd. Cleomenes.
Should I publilh any favours done me by your lordlhip, I
am afraid it would look more like vanity than gratitude. Addif
Something very noble may be difcerned, but it looketh
cumberfome. Felton on the Clafficks.
Late, a fad fpeCIacle of woe, he trod
The defart lands, and now he looks a god. Pope's Odyf.
From the vices and follies of others, oblerve how fuch a
practice looks in another perfon, and remember that it looks
as ill, or worfe, in yourfelf. Watts.
8. To feem.
To complain of want, and yet refufe all offers of a fupply, looks very fullen. Burnet's Theory of the Earth,
This makes it look the more like truth, nature being fru¬
gal in her principles, but various in the effe£ls thence ariling. Cheyne's PhUofophical Principles,
9. To have any air, mien, or manner*
Nay look not big, nor ftamp, nor flare, nor fret,
I will be mailer of what is mine own. Shakefpeare.
What hafle looks through his eyes ?
So fhould he look that feems to fpeak things ftrange. Shak.
Give me your hand, and truft me you look well, and^ bear
your years very well. Shakefpeare'i Henry IV.
Can
L o o
L-an thefe, or fuch, be any aids to us ?
Look they as they were built to fhake the world,
Or be a moment to our enterprizc ? Bay. Johnfn.
I hough I cannot tell what a man fays; if he will be fincere, I may eafily know what he looks. Collier.
It will be his lot to look lingular in loofe and licentious
tunes, and to become a by-word. Atterbury's Sermons.
JO. Fo form the air in any particular manner, in regarding or
beholding. ° °
I welcome the condition of the time,
hick cannot look more hideoufly on me,
Than I have drawn it in my fantafy. Shnkcfp. Henry IV.
1 hat which was the world now leaft afflidts me :
Blindnefs, for had I fight, confus’d with fhame,
How could I once look up, or heave the head. Milton.
Thefe look up to you with reverence, and would be ani¬
mated by the fight of him at whofe foul they have taken
fire in his Writings. Swift to Pope.
11. To Look about one. To be alarmed ; to be vigilant.
It will import thofe men who dwell carelefs to look about
them ; to enter into ferious confultation, how they may avert
th“ruin- , Decay ofPiety.
It you hnd a wafting of your fiefh, then look about you,
efpecially if troubled with a cough. Harvey on Confumptions.
John’s caufe was a good milch cow, and many a man fubfiftcd his family out of it: however, John be£an to think it
high time to look about him. Arbuthnot's Hijl. of J. Bull.
12. To Look after. To attend ; to take care of; to obferve
with care, anxiety, or tendernefs.
Mens hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after
thofe things which are coming on the earth. Luke xxi. 26.
Politenefs of manners, and "knowledge of the world, fhould
principally be looked after in a tutor. Locke on Education.
A mother was wont to indulge her daughters, when any
of them defired dogs, fquirrels, or birds ; but then they mud
be fure to look diligently after them, that they were not ill
u^cch _ _ Locke on Education.
My fubjedt does not oblige me to look after the water, or
point forth the place whereunto it is now retreated. Woodw.
13. To Look for. To expedt.
Phalantus’s difgrace was engrieved, in lieu of comfort, of
Artefia, who telling him fire never lookedfor other, bad him
feek fome other miftrefs. Sidney.
Being a labour of fo great difficulty, the exadf performance
thereof we may rather wifh than lookfor. Hooker, b. v.
Thou
Shalt feel our juftice, in whofe eafieft paffage
Look for no lets than death. ShakeJ'p. Winter's Tale.
If we fin wilfully after that we have received the know¬
ledge ©f the truth, there remaineth no more facrifice for
tins, but a certain fearful lookingfor of judgment. Heb. x.
In dealing with cunning perfons, it is good to fay little to
them, and that which they leaft look for. Bacon's EJfays.
This miftake was not fuch as they lookedfor; and, though
the error in form feemed to be confented to, yet the fubftance of the accufation might be ftill infifted on. Clarendon.
Inordinate anxiety, and unneceffary fcruples in confeffion,
inftead of fetting you free, which is the benefit to be looked
for by confeffion, perplex you the more. Taylor.
Look now for no enchanting voice, nor fear
The bait of honied words. Milton.
Drown’d in deep defpair.
He dares not offer one repenting prayer:
Amaz’d he lies, and fadly looks for death. Dryden's fuv.
I muft with patience all the terms attend,
Till mine is call’d ; and that long look'dfor day
Is ftill encumber’d with fome new delay. Dryden's fuv.
This limitation of Adam’s empire to his line, will fave
thofe the labour who would look for one heir amongft the race
of brutes, but will very little contribute to the difeovery of
one amongft men. Locke.
14. To Look into. To examine; to fift; to infpedt clofely;
to obferve narrowly.
His nephew’s levies to him appear’d
To be a preparation ’gainft the Polack;
But better look'd into, he truly found
It was againft your highnefs. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
The more frequently and narrowly we look into the works
of nature, the more occafion we fhall have to admire their
beauty. • Atterbury's Sermons.
It is very well worth a traveller’s while to look into all that
lies in his way. Addifon on Italy,
i 5. Do Look on. To refpedl; to regard ; to efteem ; to confider ; to view ; to think on.
Ambitious men, if they be checked in their defires, be¬
come fecretly difeontent, and look upon men and matters with
an evil eye. _ Bacon's EJfays.
I looked on Virgil as a fuccindt, majeftick writer ; one who
weighed not only every thought, but every word and fyllable. Dryden.
If a harmlefs maid
Should ere a wife become a nurfe,
Her friends would look on her the worfe. Prior.
L O O
16. To Look on. To confider.
He looked upon it as morally impoffible, for perfons infi¬
nitely proud to frame their minds to an impartial coftfideration of a religion that taught nothing but felf-denial and the
crofs. South's Sermons.
Do we not all profefs to be of this excellent religion r but
who will believe that we do fo, that fhall look upon the ac¬
tions, and confider the lives of the greateft part of Chriltians. Tillotfon's Sermons*
In the want and ignorance of almoft all things, they look¬
ed upon themfelves as the happieft and wifeft people of the
univerfe. Locke on human Unjlerjlanding.
Thofe prayers you make for your recovery are to be looked
upon as heft heard by God, if they move him to a longer
continuance of your ikknefs. Wake's Prepar.for Death.
17. C10 Look on. To be a mere idle fpe&ator.
I’ll be a candle-holder, and look on. Sbakefpeare.
Some come to meet their friends, and to make merry ;
others come only to look on. Bacon's Apophth.
18. To Look over. To examine ; to try one by one.
Look o'er the prefent and the former time.
If no example of fo vile a crime
Appears, then mourn. Dryden's Juvenal.
A young child, dniracfed with the number and variety of
his play-games, tired his maid ever day to look them over.
Locke on Education.
19. To Look out. To fearch ; to feek.
When the thriving tradefman has got more than he can
well employ in trade, his next thoughts are to look cut• for a
Pu‘chTe> Locke.
here the body is affedted with pain or ficknefs, we are
forward enough to look out for remedies, to liften greedily to
every one that fuggefts them and immediately to apply them.
Atterbury's Sermons.
Where a foreign tongue is elegant, expreffive, and compa£t, we muft look out for words as beautiful and comprehen¬
sive as can be found. Felton on the Clajficks.
^he curious are looking out, fome for flattery, fome for
ironies, in that poem; the four folks think they have found
out fome. Swift to Pope.
20. To Look out. 1 o be on the watch.
Is a man bound to look out fharp to plague himfelf ? Collier.
21. To Look to. To watch ; to take care of.
There is not a more fearful wdld fowl than your lion
living ; and we ought to look to it. Sbakefpeare.
Who knocks fo loud at door ?
Look to the door there, Francis: Shakef. Henry IV.
Let this fellow be looked to: let fome of my people have a
fpecial care of him. Sbakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Uncleanly fcruples fear not you ; look to't. Sbakefp.
Know the ftate of thy flocks, and look well to thy herds.
• Prov. xxvii. 33.
V; hen it came once among our people, that the ftate of- *
fered conditions to ftrangers that would ftav, we had work
enough to get any of our men to look to our' fhip. Bacon.
If any took fanduary for cafe of treafon, the kin" mfoht
appoint him keepers to look to him in fanauary. & Bacon.
I he dog’s running away with the fiefh, bids the cook look
better to it another time. L'Ejbange.
or the truth of the theory I am in nowile concerned ; the
compofer of it muft look to that. Woodward.
22. To Look to. To behold.
To Look. v. a.
1. To feek ;. to fearch for.
Looking my love, I go from place to place.
Like a young fawn that late hath loft the hind,
And feek each where. Sbenf
^ My father is here look'd for every day, ? ^ '
To pafs affurance of a dower. Sbakefpeare.
2. 1 o turn the eye upon.
Let us look one another in the face. 9 Kinsrs vfo 8
3. To influence by looks. S
Such a fpirit muft be left behind !
A fpirit fit to ftart into an empire,
And look the world to law. " r>,n
lo Look out. To difeover by fearchinocafting my eye upon fo many of the general bills as next
came to hand, I found encouragement from them to look out
all the bills I could GW’r Bills ofMortality.
roevei as fuch treatment when he is a man, will look
out other company, with whom he can be at cafe. Locke.
Look, interj. [properly the imperative mood of the verb : it is
fometimes look yeJ See! lo ! behold! obferve.
Look, where he comes, and my good man too; he’s as
far from jealoufy as I am from giving him caufe. Sbakefp.
Look you, he muft feem thus to the world : fear not your
advancement. Sbakefpeare.
Look, when the world hath feweft barbarous people, but
fuch as will not marry, except they know means to live as
it is almoft everywhere at this day, except Tartary, there is
no danger of inundations of people. Bacon's EJfays.
Look
Prior.
LOO
Looh you! we that pretend to be fubjccl to a conftitution,
niutt not carve out our own quality ; ior at this rate a cobler
may make himfelf a lord. jollier on Pride.
Y r
1. Air of the face ; mien; caft of the countenance.
Thou cream-fac’d lown,
Where got’ft thou that goofe look ? _ Shakefpeare.
Thou wilt lave the afflicted people, but wilt bring down
high looks. Pfal.xvm.vj.
Them gracious heav’n for nobler ends dehgn d.
Their looh erected, and their clay refin’d. J. Dryden, jun.
And though death be the king of terrors, yet pain, di -
<rrace, and poverty, have frightful looks, able to dilcompole
„ Locke.
molt men.
2. The aeft of looking or feeing.
Then on the croud he caft a furious took.
And wither’d all their ftrength. Dryd.cn.
When they met they made a furly ftand,
And glar’d, like angry lions, as they pafs’d.
And wifh’d that ev’ry look might be their laft. Dryden.
Lo'oker. n.f. [from look.]
1. One that looks.
2. Lo'oker on. Spe&ator, not agent. . ,n
Shepherds poor pipe, when his harfh found teftihes angmfli,
into the fair looker on, paftime not paffion enters. kidney.
Such labour is then more neceffary than plea.ant, both to
them which undertake it, and for the lookers on. Hooker.
My bulinefs in this ftate
Made me a looker on here in Vienna ;
Where I have feen corruption boil and bubble
Till it o’er-run the ftew. Sbakefp. Meaf. for Meafure,
Did not this fatal war affront thy coaft,
Yet fatteft thou an idle looker on. Fairfax, b. i.
The Spaniard’s, valour lieth in the eye of the looker on ;
but the Englifh valour lieth about the foldier’s heart: a valour
of glory and a valour of natural courage are two things. Eac.
The people love him ;
The lookers on, and the enquiring vulgar.
Will talk themfelves to adtion. Denham s Sophy.
He wifh’d he had indeed been gone,
And only to have flood a looker on. Addifon s Ovid.
Looking-glass. n.f [look and glafs.] Mirror; aglafs which
Ihews forms reflected.
Command a mirror hither ftraight.
That it may fhew me what a face I have.
—Go fome of you and fetch a looking-glafs. Shakefpeari\
There is none fo homely but loves a looking-glafs. South.
We fhould make no other ufe of our neighbours faults,
than we do of a looking-glajs to mend our own manners by.
L EJlrange.
The furface of the lake of Nemi is never ruffled with the
leaf! breath of wind, which perhaps, together with the clearnefs of its waters, gave it formerly the name of Diana s look-
, r Addifon on Italy.
Loom! n.f [from glomus, a bottom of thread, Minjhoiu. Lome
is a general name for a tool or inllrument, Junius.] The
frame in which the weavers work their cloath.
He muft leave no uneven thread in his loom,- or by indulg¬
ing to any one fort of reproveable difeourfe himfelf, defeat
all his endeavours againft the reft. Governm. of the Tongue,
Minerva, ftudious to compofe
Her twitted threads, the web fhe ftrung.
And o’er a loom of marble hung. Addijon.
A thoufand maidens ply the purple loom, .
To weave the bed, and deck the regal room. cf.rior'
To Loom. v. n. [leoman, Saxon.] 1 o appear at fea. Skinner.
Loom. n. f. A bird. „ , , , , , ,
A loom is as big as a goofe; of a dark colour, dappled
with white fpots on the neck, back, and wings; each fea¬
ther marked near the point with two fpots : they breed in
Farr Ifland. . , Gr?W. S Muf*um'
Loon. n. f [This word, which is now ufed only in Scot and,
is the Englifh word lown.] A forry fellow ; a fcoundrel; a
rafeal. r ,, , ,
Thou cream-fac d loon !
Where got’ft thou that goofe look 1 Sbakefp. Macbeth,
The falfe loon, who could not work his will
By open force, employ’d his flatt’ring fkill:
I hope, my lord, faid he, I not offend ;
Are you afraid of me that are your friend ? Dryden.
This young lord had an old cunning rogue, or, as the
Scots call it, a ^lfe loon of a grandfather, that one might
call a Tack of all trades. Arbuthnot s Hijl. of J. Bull.
LOOP » f. [from loopen, Dutch, to run.] A double through
which a Thing or lace is drawn; an ornamental double or
fringe. „ - , . c
Nor any fkill’d in loops of fmg ring fine.
Might in their diverfe cunning ever dare
With this, fo curious netyvork, to compare, Opcnfi,
Make me to fee’t, or at leaf! fo prove it.
LOO
That the probation bear no hinge, nor loopy
To hang a doubt on. Sbakcfpeare's Qtfolfr,
Bind our crooked legs in hoops
Made of fhclls, with filver loops, Benj, Johnfn,
An old fellow {hall wear this or that fort of cut in hi%
cloaths with great integrity, while all the reft of the world
are degenerated into buttons, pockets, and loops, Ac.difan,
Lq'oped. adj, [from loop.] Full of holes,
Poor naked wretches, wherefoe er you are.
That ’bide the pelting of this pitilefs ftorm !
How fhall your houfelefs heads and unted fides,
Your loop'd and window’d raggednefs, defend you
From feafons fuch as thefe. Sbakefp, King ..ear,
Lo'ophole. n.f. [loop and hole.]
1. Aperture; hole to give a paffage.
The Indian herdfman fhunning heat.
Shelters in cool, and tends his pafturing herds $
At loopholes cut through thickeft {hade, Milton's Par, Loft,
Ere the blabbing Eaftern fcout
The nice morn on the Indian fteep.
From her cabin’d loophole peep. Milton,
Walk not near yon corner houfe by night; for there are
biunderbufies planted in every loophole, that go off at the
fqueaking of a fiddle, Dryden s Spanijh Fr{ar,
2. A fhift; an evafion,
Needlefs, or needful, I not now contend.
For ftill you have a loophole for a friend. Dryden,
Lo'ophole n. adj. [from loophole.] bull of holes. $ full of open-,
ings, or void fpaces.
This uneafy loophoTd gaol.
In which y’ are hamper’d by the fetlock.
Cannot but put y’ in mind of wedlock, Hudjbras, p. it,
Loord. n.f. [loerd, Dutch; from lourdant, French; lurdan,
Erfe ; a heavy, ftupid, or witlefs fellow. D. Trevoux derives
lourdant from lorde or lourde, a village in Gafcoigny, the in¬
habitants of which were formerly noted robbers, iay they.
But dexterity in robbing implies fome degree of fubtilty, from
which the Gafcoigns are fo far removed, that, at this day,
they are aukward and heavy to a proverb. The Erfe im¬
ports fome degree of knavery, but then it is ufed in a ludi¬
crous fenfe, as in Englifh, you pretty rogue; though in ge¬
neral it denotes reproachful heavinefs, or ftupid lazin.efs,
Spender's Scholiaft fays, loord was wont, among the old Bri¬
tons, to fignify a lord ; and therefore the Danes, that ufurped their tyranny here in Britain, were called, for more dread
than dignity, lurdans, i. e, lord Danes, whofe infolence and
pride was fo outrageous in this realm, that if it fortunqd a
Briton to be going over a bridge, and faw the Dane fet foot,
upon the fame, he mull return back till the Dane was clean
over, elfe he muft abide no lefs than prefent death : but be¬
ing afterward expelled, the name of lurdane became fo odious
unto the people whom they had long oppreffed, that, even
at this day, they ufe for more reproach to call the quartan
acme the fever lurdane. So far the Scholiaft, but eryoneoufly.
From Spenfer s own words, it lignifies fomething of ftupid
dulnefs rather than magifterial arrogance. Macbean.] A
drone.
Siker, thou’s but a lazy loord.,
And rekes much of thy Iwinke,
That with fond terms and witlefs words
To bleer mine eyes do’ft think. Spenfer's Paftorals.
To Loose, v. a. [leyan, Saxon.]
1. To unbind; to untie any thing faftened.
The {hoes of his feet I am not worthy to tooje,
Canft thou looje the bands of Orion. Job xxxvm. 31,
Who is worthy to loofe the feals thereof. _ Kev. v. 2,
This is to cut the knot when we cannot looje it, Burnet,
2. To relax, A
The joints of his Joins were loafed, Dan, v. 0,
<2. To unbind any one bound.
Loofe and bring him to me. Luke xix. 30,
Hc loafed, and fet at liberty, four or five kings of the peo¬
ple of that country, that Berok kept in chanys, Abbot.
. To free from imprifonment,
Loofe thofe appointed to death, Pfd- ch. 20,
The captive hafteneth that he may kofid,
e. To free from any obligation,
Art thou loafed from a wife, feelc not a wife, J <r°V, vn,
, To free fyoqi any thing that {hackles the mind.
Ay ; there’s the man, who, loos'd from and pelf,
LelS to the pretor ovyes than to hirpfelf, Dryden s Perfus,
7, To free from any thing painful,
Woman, thou art laofed from thy infirmity, Luke xni. i~,
8. To difengage, , ,
When heav’n was nam’d, theyjfoos d their hold agayn,
Then fprung fhe forth, tfiey follow’d her amain. Dryden,
To Loqse, v. n, To fet fail? tp depart by looiing *he anClly; ft]ould have hearkened, »Pt loafed fyom Qrete,
.. xxyu.t ih
1$
LOO
emperor loofmg from Barcelona, came to the port of
Mago, in the ifiand of Minorca, Knolhs’s Hi/}, ofthe Turks.
Loafing thence by night, they were driven by contrary
winds back into his port. Raleigh.
Loose, adj. [from the verb.]
1. Unbound; untied.
If he fhould intend his voyage towards my wife, I would
turn her loofc to him; and what he gets more of her than
fharp words, let it lie on my head. Shakefpeare.
Lo ! I fee four men loofe walking. Dan. iii. 25.
2. Not fad:; not fixed.
Thofe few that clafhed might rebound after the collifion ;
or if they cohered, yet by the next conflict might be feparated again, and fo on in an eternal viciifitude of fail and
loofe, though without ever confociating into the bodies of
planets. Bentley s Sermons.
3. Not tight: as, a loofe robe.
4. Not crouded ; not clofe.
With extended wings a hod might pafs,
With horfe and chariots, rank’d in loofe array. Milton.
5. Wanton; not chafte.
Lair Venus feem’d unto his bed to bring
Her, whom he waking evermore did ween
To be the chaffed: flower that ay did fpring
On earthly branch, the daughter of a kine,
Now a loofe leman to vile fervice bound. Fairy fhteen.
When loofe epidles violate chade eyes,
She half confents who filently denies. Dryden's Ovid.
6. Not clofe; not concife; lax.
If an author be loofe and diflufe in his dile, the tranflator
needs only regard the propriety of the language. Felton.
7. Vague; indeterminate.
It is but a loofe thing to fpeak of poffibilities, without the
particular defigns ; fo is it to. fpeak of lawfulnefs without the
particular cafes. Bacon's holy JVar.
It feerhs unaccountable to be fo exadf in the quantity of
liquor where a final! error was oflittle concern, and to be fo
loofe in the dofes of powerful medicines. Arbuthnot.
8. Not dried; not rigid.
Becaufe confcience, and the fear of fwerving from that
which is right, maketh them diligent obfervers of circumdances, the loofe regard whereof is the nurfe of vulgar folly.
Hooker, b. v.
Q. Unconnected; rambling.
I dare venture nothing without a dried examination ; and
am as much afhamed to put a loofe indigeded play upon the
publick, as I fhould be to offer brafs money in a payment.
Dryden s Dedication to his Spanijh Friar.
Vario fpends whole mornings in running over loofe and uncbnnecded pages, and with frefh curiofity is ever glancing
over new words and ideas, and yet treafures up but little
knowledge. Watts's Improvement of the Mind, p. i.
10. Lax of body; not codive.
What hath a great influence upon the health, is going to
dool regularly: people that are very loofe have feldom drong
thoughts, or drong bodies. Locke on Education,
11. Difengaged; not enflaved.
Their prevailing principle is, to fit as loofe from thofe pleafures, and be as moderate in the ufe of them, as they can.
Atterbury's Sermons.
12. Difengaged from obligation.
NoW I dand
Loofe of my vow; but who knows Cato’s thoughts. Addif
13. Free from confinement.
They did not let prifoners loofe homeward. Ifa. xiv. 17.
Wifh the wilded tempeds loofe'.
That thrown again upon the coad,
I may once more repeat my pain. Prior.
14. Remifs ; not attentive.
15. To break Loose. To gain liberty.
If to break loofe from the conduct of reafon, and to want
that redraint of examination which keeps us from chufing
the worfe, be liberty, madmen and fools are only the free¬
men. Locke.
Like two black dorms on either hand.
Our Spdnifh army and the Indians dand ;
This only fpace betwixt the clouds is clear.
Where you, like day, broke loofe from both appear. Dryd.
16. To let Loose. To let at liberty; to fet at large; to free
from any redraint.
And let the living bird loofe into the open field. Lev, xiv. 7.
We ourfelves make our fortunes good or bad ; and when
God lets loofe a tyrant upon us, or a ficknefs, if we fear to
die, or know not to be patient, the calamity fits heavy upon
us. Taylor's holy Living.
In addition and divifion, either of fpace or duration, it is
the number of its repeated additions or divifions that alone
remains didined, as will appear to any one who will let his
thoughts loofe in the vaft expanfion of fpace, or diviiibility of
matter. Locke,
LOO
If one way of improvement cannot be made a recreation,
they mud be let loofe to the childilh play they fancy; which
they fhould be weaned from, by being made forfeit of it.
Locke on Education,
Lo ose. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Liberty; freedom from redraint.
Come, and forfake thy cloying (lore,
And all the bufy pageantry
That wife men fcorn, and fools adore:
Come, give thy foul a loofe, and tade the pleafures of the
poor. Dryden’s Horace.
Lucia, might my big fwoln heart
Vent all its griefs, and give a loofe to forrow,
Marcia could anfwer thee in fighs. Addifon’s Cato.
The fiery Pegafus difdains
To mind the rider’s voice, or hear the reins ;
When glorious fields and opening camps he views.
He runs with an unbounded loofe. Prior.
Poets fhould not, under a pretence of imitating the antients, give themfelves fuch a loofe in Jyricks, as if there were
no connection in the world. Felton on the Clafficks,
2. Difmiflion from any redraining force.
Air at large maketh no noife, except it be fharply percufi*
fed ; as in the found of a dring, where air is percufled by a
hard and fliff body, and with a fharp loofe. Bacon.
Lo'osely. adv. [from loofe.]
1. Not fad ; not firmly.
I thought your love eternal: was it ty’d
So loofely, that a quarrel could divide ? Dryden's Aureng.
2. Without bandage.
Her golden locks for hade were loofely fhed
About her ears. Fairy Lfueen, b.
3. Without union or connection.
He has eminently, and within himfelf, all degrees of per¬
fection that exid loofely and feparately in all fecond beings.
Norris's Mjcellany,
4. Irregularly:
In this age, a bifhop, living loofely, was charged that
his converfation was not according to the apodles lives.
Camden’s Remainsi
5. Negligently; carelefsly.
We have not loofely through filence permitted things to pafs
away as in a dream. Hooker,
The chiming of fome particular words in the memory,
and making a noife in the head, feldom happens but when
the mind is lazy, or very loofely and negligently employ-
. cd; * Locke.
o. Unfohdly; meanly; without dignity.
A prince fhould not be fo loofely dudied, as to remember
fo weak a compofition. Shakef Henry IV. t. ii.
7. Unchadly.
The dage how loofely does Adraea tread.
Who fairly puts all characters to bed. . Pope.
To Lo'osen. v. n. [from loofe.] To part.
When the polypus appears in the throat, extract it that
way ; it being more ready to loofen when pulled in that di¬
rection than by the nofe. Sharp’s Surgery.
To Lo'osen, v. a. [from loofe.]
1. To relax any thing tied.
2. To make lefs coherent.
After a year’s rooting, then fhaking doth the tree good,
byloofening of the earth. Bacon's Natural Hijlory,
3. To feparate a compages.
She breaks her back, the loofen’d fides give way.
And plunge the Tufcan foldiers in the fea. Dryden’s Mn.
4. To free from redraint.
It refolves thofe difficulties which the rules beget; it loofens
his hands, and affids his underdanding. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
5. To make not codive.
Fear loofeneth the belly ; becaufe the heat retiring towards
the heart, the guts are relaxed in the fame manner as fear
alfo caufeth trembling. Bacon's Nat. Hidory, N° at.
Lo'oseness. n,f. [from loofe.']
1. State contrary to that of being fad or fixed.
The caufe of the cading of"fkin and fhell fhould feem to
be tht loofenefs of the fkin or fhell, that dicketh not clofe to
. . , Bacon’s Nat. Hi/l.
2. Latitude; criminal levity.
A general loofenefs of principles and manners hath feized
°ri/iISi- 3 Pe^ence» that walketh not in darknefs, but
wafleth at noon-day. Atterbury's Sermons.
3. Irregularity; negleft of laws.
He endeavoured to win the common people, both by drain¬
ed curtefy and by loofenefs of life. Hayward.
4. Lewdnefs; unchadity.
Courtly court he made dill to his dame.
Pour’d out in loofenefs on the graffy ground.
Both carelcfs of his health and of his fame. Fairy fu.
5. Diarrhoea; flux of the belly.
Taking
LOR LOR
Taking cold moVeth loofenefs by contraction of the fkin
and outward parts. Bacon's Natural Hjlory.
In peftilent difeafes, if they cannot be expelled by l'weat,
the}- fall likewife into loofenefs. Bacons Nat. Hijl.
Fat meats, in phlegmatick ftomachs, procure loofenefs and
hinder retention. Arbuthnot on Alitnents.
Loosestrife, n.f [lyfimachia, Lat.] An herb.
The leaves are entire, oblong, and produced fometimes
by pairs, or three or four at each joint of the ftalk: the
flower confifts of one leaf, which expands in a circular or¬
der, and is cut into feveral fegments at the top; the fruit is
globular, and open at the top, inclofing many feeds fixed to
the placenta : it produces large fpikes of fine yellow flowers
in July, 3nd is preferibed in medicine. Miller.
To LOP. v. a. [It is derived by Skinner from laube, German,
a leaf.]
1. To cut the branches of trees.
Gentle niece, what ftern ungentle hands
Have opp'd, and hew’d, and made thy body bare
Of her two branches, thofe fweet ornaments. Shakefp.
Like to pillars,
Or hollow’d bodies, made of oak or fir.
With branches lopp d in wood, or mountain fell’d. Milt.
The plants, whofe luxury was lopp'd,
Or age with crutches underprop’d. Cleaveland.
The oak, growing from a plant to a great tree, and then
lopped, is Hill the fame oak. Locke.
The hook fhe bore, inftead of Cynthia’s fpear.
To lop the growth of the luxuriant year. Pope,
2. To cut any thing.
The gardener may lop religion as he pleafe. Howel.
So long as there’s a head.
Hither will all the mountain fpirits fly ;
Lop that but ofF. Dryden's Sp. Friar.
All that denominated it paradife was lopped off by the de¬
luge, and that only left which it enjoyed in common with
its neighbour countries. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
I’m fure in needjefs bonds it poets ties,
Procruftus like, the ax or wheel applies,
To lop the mangled fenfc, or ftretch it into fize. Smith.
Lop. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. That which is cut from trees.
Or liker thy head very tottie is.
So on thy corbe fhoulder it leans amifs j
Now thyfelf hath loft both lop and top.
As my budding branch thou would’ft crop. Spenfer.
Nor fhould the boughs grow too big, becaufe they give
opportunity to the rain to foak into the tree, which will
quickly caufe it to decay, fo that you muft cut it down, or
elfe both body and lop will be of little value. Mortimer.
2. \Loppa, Swedifh.] A flea.
Lope. pret. of leap. Obfolete. This is retained in Scotland.
With that fprang forth a naked fwain,
With fpotted wings like peacock’s train.
And laughing lope to a tree. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
Lo'pper. n.f [from lop.] One that cuts trees.
Lo'pperEd. adj. Coagulated; as, loppered milk. Ainfnorth.
And thus it is ftill called in Scotland.
Loqua'cious. adj. [loquax, Latin.]
1. Full of talk; full of tongue. »
To whom fad Eve,
Confeffing foon ; yet not before her judge
Bold, or loquacious, thus abafh’d reply’d. Milt. Pa. Lojl.
In council fhe gives licence to her tongue.
Loquacious, brawling, ever in the wrong. Dryden.
2. Speaking.
Blind Britifh bards, with volant touch
Traverfe loquacious firings, whofe folemn notes
Provoke to harmlefs revels. Philips.
3. Blabbing ; not fecret.-
Loqua'city. n.f. \loquacitus, Latin.] Too much talk.
Why loquacity is to be avoided, the wife man gives fufficient reafon for, In the multitude of words there wanteth not
Fm- Ray on Creation.
Too great loquacity, and too great taciturnity by fits. Arb.
LORD. n.f. [plapopu, Saxon.]
I. Monarch; ruler; governour.
Man over man
He made not lord. Milton.
Of Athens he was lord. Fryden's Knight's Tale.
We have our author’s only arguments to prove, that heirs
arc lords over their brethren, Locke.
They call’d their lord Adtaeon to the game,
He fhook his head in anfwer to the name. Addifon.
O’er love, o’er fear, extends his wide domain,
Unconquer’d lord of pleafure and of pain. Fa. of hu.WiJhes.
.2. Maftcr; fupreme perfon.
But now I was the lord
Of this fair manfion, mafter of my fervants.
Queen o’er myfelf; and even now, but now,
This houfe, thefe fervants, and this fame myfelf
Are yours, my lord. Shakefp, Merchant of Tenia.
8.
9-
Philips,
3. A tyrant; an oppreffivc ruler.
Now being affembled into one company, rather without a
lord than at liberty to accomplifh their mifery, they fall to
divifion. . Hayward.
’Tis death to fight, but kingly to controul
Lord-like at eafe, with arbitrary pow’r,
To peel the chiefs, the people to devour. Dryden,
4. A hulband.
I oft in bitternefs of foul deplor’d
My abfent daughter, and my dearer lord. Pope's Odyffey.
5. One who is at the head of any bufinefs; an overfeer.
Grant harveft lord more by a peny or two,
To call on his fellows the better to doo. Tujfer's Hufb.
6. A nobleman.
Thou art a lord, and nothing but a lord. Shakefpeare.
7. A general name for a peer of England.
. Nor were the crimes objected againft him fo clear, as to
give convincing fatisfadtion to the major part of both houfes,
efpecially that of the lords. King Charles.
A baron.
An honorary title applied to offices; as, lord chief juftice,
lord mayor, and lord chief baron.
T. o Lord. v. n. To domineer; to rule delpotically.
Unrighteous lord of love 1 what law is this.
That me thou makeft thus tormented be ?
The whiles fhe lordeth in licentious blifs
Of her free will, fcorning both thee and me. Spenfer.
I fee them lording it in London ftreets. Shakefpeare.
Thofe huge tradts of ground they lorded over begat wealth,
wealth uftiered in pride. jTowel’s Vocal Forefl.
They had by this poflefs’d the tow’rs of Gath,
And lorded over them whom now they ferve. Milton's Ag,
I fhould choofe rather to be tumbled into the duft in blood,
bearing witnefs to any known truth of our lord, than by a
denial of truths, through blood and perjury, wade to a feeptre, and lord it in a throne. South's Sermons,
But if thy paffions lord it in thy breaft.
Art thou not ftill a Have ? Dryden's Perftus,
The valour of one man th’ afflidted throne
Imperial, that once loraed o’er the world,
Suftain’d.
The civilizers 1 the difturbers fay.
The robbers, the corrupters of mankind !
Proud vagabonds ! who make the world your home,
And lord it where you have no right. Philips's Briton»
Lo'rdinc. n.f. [from lord.] Lord in contempt or ridicule.
I’ll queftion you
Of my lord’s tricks, and yours, when you were boys.
You were pretty landings then ? Shakefp, Winter's Tale,
Tp lordings proud I tune my lay,
Who feaft in bower or hall;
Though dukes they be, to dukes I fay,
That pride will have a fall. Swift,
Lo'rdling. n.f. A diminutive lord.
Traulus, of amphibious breed,
By the dam from lordings fprung.
By the fire exhal’d from dung. Swift,
Lo'rdliness. n.f. [from lordly.]
j. Dignity; high ftation.
Thou vouchfafeft here to vifit me.
Doing the honour of thy lordlinefs
To one fo weak. Shakefp, Ant. and Cleopatra,
2. Pride; haughtinefs.
Lo'rdly. adj. [from lord.]
Befiting a lord.
Lordly fins require lordly eftates to fupport them. South,
Proud ; haughty ; imperious ; infolent.
So bad a peer—
—As who, my lord ?
—Why, as yourfelf, my lord ?
An’t like your lordly, lord prote&orfhip ? Shakefpeare,
Of me as of a common enemy.
So dreaded once, may now exafperate them,
I know not: lords are lord ieji in their wine. Milt. Agon,
Expeift another meflage more imperious,
More lordly thund’ring than thou well wilt bear. Milton,
Ev’ry rich and lordly fwain,
With pride wou’d drag about her chain. Swift,
Lo'rdly. adv. Imperiously ; defpotically ; proudly.
So when a tyger fucks the bullock’s blood,
A famifh’d lion, ifluing from the wood,
Roars lardy fierce, and challenges the food, Dryden.
Lo'rdship. n.f [from lard.]
I, Dominion; power,
Let me never know that any bafe affection fhould get any
lordjhip in your thoughts, Sidney.
It being fet upon fuch an infenfible rifing of the ground,
it gives the cyt lordjhip over a good large circuit, Sidney,
They which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles, pxercife lordjhip over them, and their great ones excrcife autho¬
rity upon them. x, 42.
1.
2.
There
LOS
c*
There is lordjlnp of the fee, wherein the matter doth much
ioy. when he walketh about the line of his own poffeffions. .
1 JVottons Architecture.
Needs mud the lordjhip there from virtue Hide. Fairfax.
2. Seigniory; domain. _
How can thole grants of the kings be avoided, without
wronging of thofe lords which had thofe lands and lordjhips
‘ given them ? Spenfer on h elan .
What lands and lordjhips for their owner know
My quondam barber, but his worfhip now. Dryden.
3. Title of honour ufed to a nobleman not a duke.
I allure your lordjhips
The extreme horrour of it almoft turn’d me
To air, when firft I heard it. Benj. Johnfon’s Catahne.
I could not anfwer it to the world, if I gave not your lord¬
jhip my teftimony of being the bed hufband now living. Dry.
4. Titulary compellation of judges, and fome other per Ions in
authority and office.
Lore. n.f. [from lsepan, to learn.] Leuon; doctrine; mftrudtion.
And, for the moded lore of maidenhood
Bids me not fojourn with thefe armed men.
Oh whither (hall I fly ? Fairfax.
The law of nations, or the lore of war. Fairfax.
Calm region once,
And full of peace ; now tod, and turbulent!
For underdanding rul’d not; and the will
Heard not her lore ! but in fubje&ion now
To fenfual appetite. Milton's Paradife Loft, b. ix.
The fubtile fiend his lore
Soon learn’d, now milder, and thus anfwer’d fmooth. Milt.
Lq ! Rome herfelf, proud miflrefs now no more
Of arts, but thund’ring againft heathen lore. Pope.
Lore, [leojian, Saxon.] Loft; deflroyed.
Lo'rel. n.f [from leopan, Saxon.] An abandoned lcoundrel,
Obfolete.
Siker thou fpeak’d like a lewd lorell
Of heaven to deemen fo :
How be I am but rude and borrell,
Yet nearer ways I know. Spenfer s Paflorals.
To Lo'ricate. v. a. To plate over.
Nature hath loricated, or plaidered over, the lides of the
tympanum in animals with ear-wax, to dop and entangle
any infedbs that fhould attempt to creep in there, Ray.
Lo'rimer. ) )u r riormiery French.] Bridlecutter,
Lo'riner. ) J
Lo'riot. n.f A kind of bird.
Lorn. pret. pad. of lojuan, Saxon.] Forfaken; toft.
Who after that he had fair Una lorn,
Through light mifdeeming of her loyalty, Fairy Queen.
To Lose. v. a. [leoyan, Saxon.]
1. To forfeit by unlucky conted ; the contrary to win.
The lighten’d courfers ran ;
They rufh’d, and won by turns, and lojl the day. Dryden.
2. To be deprived of. • He loft his right hand with a fhot, and, indead thereof,
ever after ufed a hand of iron. Knolles's Hift. of the Lurks.
Who conquer’d him, and in what fatal ffrife
The youth, without a wound, could lofe his lile. Dryden.
- To differ deprivation of. .......
** The fear of. the Lord goeth before obtaining 01 authority;
but roughnels and pride is the lofing thereof. _ Ecc uf x. 21.
If fait have loft his favour, wherewith fhall it be ialted .
J Matt. v. 13.
A. To poffefs no longer; contrary to keep.
They have loft their trade of woollen drapery. inaunt.
No youth fhall equal hopes of glory give,
The Trojan honour and the Roman boad.
Admir’d /•VUIIllI U when Wlicit living, living, and auu ador’d~ when -
loft. J
fj. enWe fhould never quite lofe fight of the country, t oug
we are fometimes entertained with a didant profpedt or it.
Addifon’s EJJ'ay on the Georgicks.
5, To have any thing gone fo as that it cannot be found, or
had again.
But if to honour loftjtis dill decreed
For you my bowl (halfflow, my flocks (hall bleed ;
Judge and affert my right, impartial Jove. Pope s Ojyjfey.
When men are openly abandoned, and loft to all fhame,
they have'no reafon to think it hard, if their memory bereproached.
6. To bewilder.
I will go lofe myfelf, >
And wander up and down to view the city. oa ejpcaie.
Nor are conflant forms of prayer more likely to a an
hinder the fpirit of prayer and devotion, than unpreme 1 ate
and confufed variety to diftradl and loje it. . Kftg far
When the mind purfues the idea of infinity, it ues tic
ideas and repetitions of numbers, which are fo many dii indt
ideas, kept beft by number from running into a confuted heap,
wherein the mind lofes itfelf. Locke.
1 * ^How^fhould you go about to lofe him a wife he loves with
fo much paffion.
L O T
8. To kill; to deftroy. * I..., T -
often l,ft upon great men, or at leal, are not all
for flattery. 1
10. To roifs; to part with, fo as not to recover.
Thefe fharp encounters, where always many more me
are loft than are killed or taken prifoners, put fuch a Imp to
Middleton’s march, that he was glad to retire. Clarendon.
To Lose. v. n.
1. Not to win.
We’ll hear poor rogues
Talk of court news, and we’ll talk with them too,
Who lofes, and who wins ; who’s in, who’s out. Shakejp,
2. To decline; to fail. * Wifdom in difeourfe with her
Lofes difcount’nanc’d, and like folly fhevvs. Miltom
Lo'seable. adj. [from lofe.) Subject to privation.
Confider whether motion, or a propenfity to it, be an in¬
herent quality belonging to atoms in general, and not lojeab eby them. . , , , BpleLo'sel. n.f. [from lopan, to perifh ] A fcoundrel; a forry
worth!efs fellow. A word now obfolete.
Such lofels and fcatterlings cannot eafily, by any fhen.i, be
gotten, when they are challenged for any fuch fact, Spenfer.
A lofei wand’ring by the way.
One that to bounty never caft his mind,
Ne thought of honour ever did affay
His bafer breaft. Fairy Queen, b, ii.
And lofels lifted high, where I did look,
I mean to turn the next leaf of the book. Hubberd's Tale
Be not with work of lofels wit defamed,
Ne let fuch verfes poetry be named. Hubberd's Talef
By Cambridge a towne I do know.
Whole Ioffes by lojfels doth fhew
More heere then is needful to tell. TufJ'er's Hujbandry.
A grofs hag !
And, lofei, thou art worthy to be hang’d,
That wilt not ftay her tongue, Shaiefp. Winter's Tale,
Lo'ser. n.f. [from lofe.) One that is deprived of anything;
one that forfeits any thing ; one that is impaired in his poffeffion or hope; the contrary to winner or gainer.
With the lofers let it fympathize.
For nothing can feem foul to thofe that win. Shakfefp.
No man can be provident of his time that is not prudent
in the choice of his company; and if one of the fpeakers be
vain, tedious, and trifling, he that hears, and he that anfwers, are equal lofers of their time. Taylor's holy Living.
Lofers and malecontents, whofe portion and inheritance is
a freedom to fpeak. South's Sermons.
It cannot laft, becaufe that a<51 feems to- have been car¬
ried on rather by the intereft of particular countries, than by
that of the whole, which muft be a lofer by it. Temple,
A bull with gilded horns.
Shall be the portion of the conquering chief,
A fword and helm fhall chear the lofer's grief, Dryden,
Loss. n.f. [from lofe.)
1. Forfeiture; the contrary to gain.
The only gain he purchafed was to be capable of lofs and
detriment for the good of others. Hooker, b. v.
An evil natured fon is the difhonour of his father that be¬
gat him ; and a foolifh daughter is born to his lofs. Eccluf.
The abatement of price of any of the landholder’s com¬
modities, leffens his income, and is a clear lofs. Locke.
2. Mifs.
If he were dead, what would betide of me ?
—No other harm but lofs of luch a lord.
— The lofs of luch a lord includes ail harms, Shakefp,
3. Deprivation.
4. Deftrudtion.
Her fellow fhips from far her lofs defery’d ;
But only fhe was funk, and all were iafe befide. Dryden,
There fucceeded an abfolute viCtory for the Englifh, with
the daughter of above two thousand of the enemy, wuh the
lofs but of one man, though not a few hurt. Bacon,
5. Fault; puzzle.
Not the leaft tranfadrion of fenfe and motion in man, but
philofophers are at a lofs to comprehend. South's Serm.
Reafon is always ftriving, and always at a lofs, while it is
exercifed about that which is not its proper object. Dryden.
A man may fometimes be at a loj's which fide to clofe
wjth. Baker’s Reft, on Learning.
6. Ufelcfs application.
It would be lofs of time to explain any farther our fupe-riority to the enemy in numbers of men and horfe. AddiJon.
Lost, participial adj. [from lofe.) No longer perceptible.
In feventeen days appear’d your pleafing coaft.
And woody mountains, half in vapours loft. Pope's Odyf
Lot. n.f [hlaut, Gothick; ))lor, Saxon; lot, Dutch.]
1. Fortune; ftate affigned.
Kala at length concluded my ling’ring lot:
Difdain me not, although I be not fair,
Who
L O V L O V
Who is an heir of many hundred fhecp,
Doth beauty keep which never fun can burn,
Nor ftorms do turn. ... Sidney, b. i.
Our own lot is beft; and by.aiming at what we have not,
we loi'e what we have already. L'EJlrange s Fables.
Prepar’d I ftand; he was but born to try.
The lot of man, to fuffer and to die. Pope's Odyjfey.
2. A die, or any thing ufed in determining chances.
Aaron fhall caft lots upon the two goats; one lot for the
; Lord, and the other lot for the fcape-goat. Lev. xvi. 8.
Their tafks in equal portions fhe divides,
And where unequal, there by lots decides. Dryden's Virg.
UlyfTes bids his friends to caft lots, to fhew, that he would
not voluntarily expofe them to fo imminent d. hger.
Notes on the Odyjfey.
3. It feems in Shakefpeare to fignify a lucky or wifhed chance.
If you have heard your general talk of Rome,
And of his friends there, it is lots to blanks
My name hath touch’d your ears ; it is Menenius. Shake/.
4. A portion; a parcel of goods as being drawn by lot: as*
what lot of filks had you at the fale ?
5. Proportion of taxes : as, to pay fcot and lot.
Lote tree or nettle tree. n.f [Celtis.] See Loros.
The leaves of the lote tree are like thofe of the nettle ; the
flowers confift of five leaves, expanded in form of a rofe,
containing many fhort ftamina in the bofom : the fruit, which
is a roundifli berry, grows fingle in the bofom of its leaves.
The fruit of this tree is not fo tempting to us, as it was
to the companions of UlyfTes : the wood is durable, and ufed
to make pipes for wind inftruments: the root is proper for
hafts of knives, and was highly efteemed by the Romans for
its beauty and ufe. Miller.
LC/TOS. n.f. [Latin.] See Lote.
The trees around them all their food produce,
Lotos, the name divine, ne&areous juice. Pope's Odyjfey.
Lo'tion. n.f. [lotio, Latin; lotion, French.]
A lotion is a form of medicine compounded of aqueous li¬
quids, ufed to wafh any part with ; from lavo, to wafh.
Quincy.
In lotions in women’s cafes, he orders two potions of helle¬
bore macerated in two cotylae of water. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Lo'ttery. n.f. [lotterie, Fr. from lot.'] A game of chance;
a fortilege ; diftribution of prizes by chance; a play in which
Jots are drawn for prizes.
Let high-fighted tyranny range on.
Till each man drop by lottery. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
The lottery that he hath devifed in thele three chefts of gold,
filver, and lead, will never be chofen by any but whom you
ftiall rightly love. Shakef Merchant of Vmice.
Every warriour may be faid to be a loldier of fortune, and
the beft commanders to have a kind of lottery for their work.
, Siuth’s Sermons.
Fortune, that with malicious joy
Does man, her flave, opprefs,
Still various and unconftant ftill,
Promotes, degrades, delights in ftrife.
And makes a lottery of life. Dryden's Horace.
LoVagE. n.f [levijlicum, Latin.]
The lobes of the lovage leaves are cut about their borders
like thofe of parfley ; the flower confifts, for the moft part,
of five leaves, which expand in form of a rofe; each of
thefe flowers are fucceeded by two oblong, gibbofe, furrowed
feeds, which on one fide have a leafy border. This plant is
often ufed in medicine. Miller.
LOUD. adj.
1. Noify ; ftriking the ear with great force.
Contending on the Lefbian fhore.
His prowefs Philomelides confefs’d.
And loud acclaiming Greeks the vidlor blefs’d. Pope.
The numbers foft and clear.
Gently fteal upon the ear ;
Now louder, and yet louder rife,
And fill with fpreadirig founds the fkies. Pope's St. Ceecilia.
2. Clamorous; turbulent.
She is loud and ftubborn; her feet abide not in her houfe.
Prov. vii. 11.
Lo'udly. adv. [from loud.]
1. Noifily ; fo as to be heard far.
The foldier that philofophcr well blam’d,
Who long and loudly in the fchools declaim’d. Denham.
2. Clamouroufly. .
I read above fifty pamphlets, written by as many prelbyterian divines, loudly declaiming toleration. Swift.
Lo'udness. n. f. Noife; force of found; turbulence; vehe¬
mence or furioufnefs of clamour. . ..
Had any difafter made room for grief, it would have moved
according to prudence, and the proportions of the provoca¬
tion: it would not have rallied out into complaint or loudnej~s South s Sermons.
To LOVE. r. a. [lupan, Saxon.] .
i# T*o regard with paflionate affection* as that of one lex t#
the other.
Good fhqpherd, tell this youth what ’tis to love;
I—"It is to be made all of fighs and tears;
It is to be made all of faith and fervice;
It is to be all made of fantafy,
AJ1 made of pillion, and all made of wilhes;
All adoration, duty, and obedience;
All humblenefs, all patience, all impatience,
All purity, all trial, all obfervance. Shakefp. As you like it.
I could not love I’m fure
One who in love were wife. , Cowley.
The jealous man wifhes hitnfelf a kind of deity to the perfon he loves; he would be the only employment, of her
thoughts. Addifoti's Spectator, N . 170.
2. To regard with the affebbon of a friend.
None but his brethren he, and fillers, knew,
Whom the kind youth prefer’d to me,
And much above myfelf I lov'd them too. Cow!
3. To regard with parental tendernefs.
He that loveth me fhall be loved of my father, and I will
love him, and will manifeft myfelf to him. John xiv. 21.
4. To be pleafed with.
Fifh ufed to fait water delight more in frefh : we fee that
falmons and fmelts love to get into rivers, though againft the
ftream. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 703.
ey.
Wit, eloquence, and poetry.
Arts which I lov'd. . Cowley.
He lov'd my worthlefs rhimes. Cowley.
5.To regard with reverent unwillingnefs to offend.
Love the Lord thy God with all thine heart. Deut. vi. 5.
Love. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The paffion between the fexes.
Hearken to the birds love-learned fong.
The dewie leaves among ! Spenfer's Epithalam.
While idly I flood looking on,
I found th’ effect of love in idlenefs. Shakefpeare.
My tales of love were wont to weary you ;
I know you joy not in a love difeourfe. Shakefpeare.
What! have I ’fcaped love letters in the holiday-time of
my beauty, and am I now a fubjeeft for them ? Shakefpeare.
I look’d upon her with a foldier’s eye,
That lik’d, but had a rougher tafk in hand
Than to drive liking to the name of love; Shakefpeare.
What need a vermil-tindlur’d lip for that.
Love-darting eyes, or trefles like the morn. Milton.
Love quarrels oft in pleafing concord end,
Not wedlock treachery, endang’ring life. MiIton's Agon.
A love potion works more by the ftrength of charm than
nature. Collier on Popularity.
You know y’ are in my pow’r by making love. Dryden.
Let mutual joys our mutual truft combine,
And love, and love-born confidence be thine. Pope.
Cold is that breaft which warm’d the world before,
And thefe love-darting eyes muft roll no more. Pope.
2. Kindnefs ; good-will; friendfhip.
Death grin on me, and I will think thou fmil’ft.
And kifs me as thy wife ; mifery’s love, ' .
O come to me ! Shakefpeare's King John.
What love, think’ft thou, I fue fo much to get ?
My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers ;
That love which virtue begs, and virtue grants. Shakefp.
God brought Daniel into favour and tender love with the
prince. Dan. i. 9.
The one preach Chrift of contention, but the other of
love. „ Phil, i, 17.
By this fhall all men know that ye are my difciples, if ye
have love one to another. Rom. xiii. 35.
Unwearied have we fpent the nights,
Till the Ledean fiars, fo fam’d for love,
VIonder’d at us from above. Cowley.
3. Courtfhip.
Demetrius
Male love to Nedar’s daughter Helena,
And won her foul. ShakeJ. Midfuinmcr Night's Dream.
If you will marry make your loves to me,
My lady is befpoke. Shakefpeare's King Lear-.
I to your afliftance do make love,
Mafking the bulinefs from the common eye. Shakefpeare.
The enquiry of truth, which is the making or wooing
of it; the knowledge of truth, the preference of it; and the
belief of truth, the enjoying of it, is the fovereign good of
human nature. Bacon's EJfays.
4. Tendernefs ; parental care.
No religion that ever, was fo fully reprefents the goodnefs
of God, and his tender love to mankind, which is the moft
powerful argument to the love of God. ’Tilloifoh's Sermons.
5. Liking; inclination to: as, the love of one’s country.
6. Object beloved.
Open the temple gates unto my Ic/Ve.
If that the world and love were young.
And truth in every fhepherd’s tongue ;
Thefe pretty pleafures might me move,
To live with thee, and be thy love.
15 S
Spenfer.
Shakefpeare.
The
LOV L O V
The banifh’d never hopes his love to fee.
The lover and the love of human kind.
7. Lewdnefs.
Dryden.
Pope.
He is not lolling on a lewd love bed,
But on his knees at meditation. Sbakefp. Rich. III.
8. TJnreafonable liking.
The love to fin makes a man fin againft his own reafon.
Taylor's holy living.
Men in love with their opinions may not only fuppole
what is in queftion, but allege wrong matter of fa<5t. Locke.
9. Fondnefs ; concord.
Come love and health to all!
Then I’ll fit down : give me fome wine ; fill full. Shak.
Shall I cortie unto you with a rod, or in love, and in the
fpirit of meeknefs ? 1 Cor. iv. 21.
10. Principle of union.
Love is the great inftrument of nature, the bond and ce¬
ment of fociety, the fpirit and fpring of the univerfe : love is
fuch an affection as cannot fo properly be faid to be in the
foul, as the foul to be in that: it is the whole man wrapt
up into one defire. South’s Sermons-.
J 1, Pidfurefque reprefentation of love.
The lovely babe was born with ev’ry grace:
Such was his form as painters, when they fhow
Their utmoft art, on naked loves beftow. Dryden’s Ovid.
12. A word of endearment.
'Tis no difhonour, truft me, love, ’tis none ;
I Would die for thee. Dryden’s Don Sehajlian.
13. Due reverence to God.
I know that you have not the love of God in you. “John.
Love is of two forts, of friendfhip and of delire; the one
betwixt friends, the other betwixt lovers; the one a rational,
the other a fettfkive love : fo our love of God confifts of two
parts, as efteerhing of God, and defiring of him. Hammond.
The love of God makes a man chaffe without the labo¬
rious arts of faffing, and exterior difeiplines ; he reaches at
glory without any other arms but thofe of love. Taylor.
14. A kind of thin lllk fluff. Ainf
This leaf held near the eye, and obverted to the light,
appeared fo full of pores, with fuch a tranfparency as that of
a fieve, a piece of cyprefs, or lovehood. Boyle on Colours.
Lo'veapple. n.f.
The loveapple has a flower confifting of one leaf, which
expands in a circular order; the ftyle afterwards becomes a
roundifh, foft, flefhy fruit, divided into feveral cells, which
contain many flat leeds. Millar.
Lo'vekNot. n.f. [love and knot.j A Complicated figure, by
which affeeftion interchanged is figured.
Lo'velettER. n.f. [love and letter.] Letter of courtfhip.
The children are educated in the different notions of their
parents : the fons follow the father, while the daughters read
loveletters and romances to their mother. Addifon’s Spedl.
Lo'velily. adv. [from lovely.] Amiably j in fuch a manner
as to excite love.
Thou look*ft
Lovelily dreadful. Otway’s Venice Preferv’d.
Lo'veliness. n. f [from lovely.] Amiablenefs; qualities of
mind or body that excite love.
Carrying thus in one perfon the only two bands of good¬
will, lovelinefs and lovingnefs. Sidney.
When I approach
Her lovelinefs, fo abfolute fhe feems.
That what fhe wills to do, or fay.
Seems wifefl, virtuoufeft, difereeteft, bell. Milt. Pa. Lofl.
If there is fuch a native lovelinefs in the fex, as to make
them victorious when they are in the wrong, how refiftlefs
is their power when they are on the fide of truth ? Addifon.
Lo'velorn. adj. [love and lorn.] Forfaken of one’s love.
The love-lorn nightingale.
Nightly to thee her fad fong mourneth well. Milton,
Lo'vely. adj. [from love.] Amiable; exciting love.
The breaft of Hecuba,
When fhe did fuckle Hector, look’d not lovelier
Than Hector’s forehead. • Shakcfpeare’s Coriolanus.
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleafant in their lives,
and in their death they were not divided. 2 Sam. i, 23.
The flowers which it had prefs’d
Appeared to my view.
More frefh and lovely than the reft.
That in the meadows grew. Denham.
The Chriftian religion gives us a more lovely character of
God than any religion ever did. Tillotfons Sermons.
The fair
With cleanly powder dry their hair ;
And round their lovely breaft and head
Frefh flow’rs their mingl’d odours fhed. Prior.
Lo'vemonger. n.f. [love and monger.J One who deals in af¬
fairs of love.
Thou art an old lovemonger, and fpeakeft fkilfully. Shak,
Lo'veR. n.f. [from love.]
1.One who is in Ioyc.
Love is blind, and lovers cannot fee
'Fhe pretty follies that themfelves commit. Shakefpeare.
Let it be never faid, that he whofe breaft
Is fill’d with love, fhould break a lover's reft. Dryden.
2. A friend ; one who regards with kindnefs.
Your brother and Ills lover have embrac’d. Sbakefp.
I tell thee, fellow.
Thy general is my lover: I have been
The book of his good act, whence men have read
His fame unparallel’d haply amplified. Shakefpeare.
3. One who likes any thing.
To be good and gracious, and a lover of knowledge, are
amiable things. Burnet’s Theory of the Barth.
Lo'over. n.f [from I’ouvert, French, an opening.] An open¬
ing for the fmoke to go out at in the roof of a cottage. Spenf.
Lo'vesecRET. n.f [jlwe andffiret.) Secret between lovers.
What danger, Arimant, is this you fear ?
Or what lovefecret which 1 muft not hear. Dryden’s Aur.
Lo'vesick. adj. [love and ftek.] Difordeted with love; languifhing with amorous defire.
See, on the. fhoar inhabits purple fpring.
Where nightingales their loVefitk ditty ling. Dryden.
To the dear miftrefs of my Ibvefick mind.
Her fwain a pretty prefent has delign’d. Dryden’s Virg,
Of the reliefs to eafe a lavefick mind,
Flavia preferibes defpair. Granville..
Lo'vesome. adj. [from Idve.] Lovely. A Word not ufed.
Nothing new can fpring
Without thy warmth, without thy influence bear.
Or beautiful or lovefome can appear. Dryden s Lucretius.
Lo'vesong. n.f $6Ve and fong.] Song exprelfing love.
Poor Romeo is already dead !
Stabb’d with a white Wench’s black eye.
Run through the eat with a lovefohg. Shakefpeare.
Lovefong weeds and fatyrick thorns are grown.
Where Feeds of better arts Were early foWn. Donne'.
Lo'vesuit. n.f. [love and pit.] Courrihrp.
His lavefuit hath been to me
As fearful as a fiege. Shakefpeart s Cymbeline.
Lo'vetale. n.f [love and tale.] Narrative of love.
The lovetale
Infe&ed Sion’s daughters with like heat;
Whofe wanton paflions in the facred porch
Ezekiel faw. Milton’s Pdradife Ltfl, b. i.
Cato’s a proper perfon to entruft
A lovetale with. Addifon’s Cato,
Lo'vethought. n.f [love and thought.] Amorous fancy.
Away to fweet beds of flowers,
Lovethoughts lie rich when canopied with bowers. Shakefp.
Lo'vetoy. n.f. [love and toy.] Small prefents given by lovers.
Has this amorous gentleman prefented himfelf with any
lovetoySy fuch as gold fnuff-boxes. Arbuth. and Pope’s Ma. Sc.
Lo'vetrick. n.f [love and trick.] Art of expreffing love.
Other difports than dancing jollities ;
Other lovetricks than glancing with the eyes. Donne.
Lough, n.f [loch, Irifh, a lake.] A lake; a large inland
ftanding water.
A people near the northern pole that Won,
Whom Ireland fent from loughes and forefts hore.
Divided far by fea from Europe’s fhore. Fairfax.
Lough Nefs never freezes. Phil. Tranf.
Lo'ving. participial adj. [from love.]
1. Kind; affectionate.
So loving to my mother,
That he permitted not the winds of heav’n
To vifit her face too roughly. Shakefp. Hamlet.
This earl was of great courage, and for this cauie much
loved of his foldiers, to whom he was 110 lefs loving again.
Hayward,
2. Exprefling kindnefs.
The king took her in his arms till fhe came to herfelf,
and comforted her with loving words. Ejlh. xv. 8.
Lo'vingkindness. Tendernefs; favour; mercy. A feriptural word.
Remember, O Lord, thy tender mercies, and thy lovingkindneffes. ' Pfa/.xxv. 6.
He has adapted the arguments of obedience to the imper¬
fection of our underftanding, requiring us to confider him
only under the amiable attributes of goodnefs and lovingkindnefs, and to adore him as our friend and patron. Rogers.
Lo'vingly. adv. [from loving.] Affectionately ;. with kind¬
nefs.
The new king, having no lefs lovingly performed all du¬
ties to him dead than alive, purfued on the fiege of his un¬
natural brother, as much for the revenge of his father, as
for the eftablifhing of his own quiet. Sidney, b. ii.
It is no great matter to live lovingly with good-natured and
meek perfons ; but he that can do fo with the froward and
perverfe; he only hath true charity. Taylor.
Lo'vjncnew. n. f. [from loving.] Kindnefs; afflfffion.
Carrying
L G W L O W
Carrying thus in one pe'rfon the only two bands of good¬
will, lovelinefs and lovingnefs. Sidney, b. i.
LOUIS DVR. n.f [French.] A golden coin of France, va¬
lued at about feventeen (hillings.
If he is deiired to change a louis o'er, he mud confider of
it. Spectator, N’. 305.
To Lounge, v. n. [lunderen, Dutch.] I'o idle5 to live
lazily.
Lo'unger. n.f. [from lounge.'] An idler.
Lourge. n.f. [iongurio, Latin.] A tall gartgrel. Ainf
LOUSE, n.f plural lice, [luy, Saxon; /ttys', Dutch.] A (mail
animal, of which different fpecies live on the bodies of men,
beads, and perhaps of all living creatures.
There were lice upon man and bead. Exod. viii. 18.
Frogs, lice, and flies, mud all bis palace dll
With loath’d intrufion. Mi ion.
It is beyond even an atheid’s credulity and impudence to
affirm, that the drd men might proceed out of the tumours
of leaves of trees, as maggots and flies are luppofed to do
now, or might grow upon trees ; or perhaps might be the
lice of fome prodigious animals, whofe fpecies is now extinft.
Bentley s Sermons.
Not that I value the money the fourth part of the (kip of
a loufe. Swift.
To Louse, v. a. [from the noun.] To clean from lice.
As for all other good women; that love to do bat little
work, how handfoine it is to loufe themfelves in the fundrine, they that have been but a while in Ireland can well
witnefs. Spenfer on Ireland.
You fat and lous'd him all the fun-dune day. Swift.
Lousewort. n.f. The name of a plant; called alfo rattle
and cock's-comh.
There are four different kinds of this plant, which grow
wild, and in fome low meadows are veryitroublefome; efpecially one fort with yellow flowers, which riles to be a foot
high or more, and is often in fuch plenty as to be the mod
predominant plant; but it is very bad food for cattle. Miller.
Lo'usily. adv. [from loufe.'] In a paltry, mean, and feurvy way.
Lo'usiness. n.f. [from loufy.] The date of abounding with
lice.
XvO'usy. adj. [from loufe.]
j. Swarming with lice ; over-run with lice.
Let him be daub’d with lace, live high and whore,
Sometimes be loufy, but be never poor. Drydens Juv.
Sweetbriar and goofeberry are only loufy in dry times, or
very hot places. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
2.Mean; lowborn; bred on the dunghil.
I pray you now remembrance on the loufy knave mine hod.
A loufy knave, to have his gibes and his mockeries. Shakefp.
Lout. n.f. [loete, old Dutch. Mr. Lye.] A mean aukward
fellow; a bumpkin; a clown.
Pamela, whofe noble heart doth difdain, that the trud of
her virtue is repofed in fuch a lout’s hands, had yet, to (hew
an obedience, taken on (hepherdifh apparel. Sidney.
This lowt, as he exceeds our lords, the odds
Is, that we fcarce are men, and you are gods. Shakefp.
I have need of fuch a youth,
That can with fome diferetion do my bufinefs ;
For ’tis no truding to yon foolifti lout. Shakefpeare.
Thus wail’d the louts in melancholy drain. Gay’s Pajl.
To Lout. v. n. [plutan, to bend, Saxon.] To pay obeifance;
to bend ; to bow; to doop. Obfolete. It was ufed in a
good fenfe. In Scotland they fay, a fellow with loWtan or
luttan (houlders ; that is, one who bends forwards; his
(houldcrs or back.
He fair the knight faluted, louting low.
Who fair him quitted, as that courteous was. Fa. £hi.
Under the land-bag he was feen,
Louting low, like a for’ffer green. Ben. Johnfon’s Underw.
The palmer, grey with age, with count’nance lowting low,
His head ev’n to the earth before the king did bow. Drayton.
To Lowt. v. a. This word feCms in Shakefpeare to fignify,
. to overpower.
I am lowted by a traitor villain,
And cannot help the noble chevalier. Shakefp. Hchry VI.
Lo'utish. adj. [from lout.] Clownifh ; bumpkinly.
This louiijh clown is fuch, that you never faw fo ill-fa¬
voured avifar; his behaviour fuch, that he is beyond the de¬
gree of ridiculous. Sidney.
Lo'urishly. adv. [from lout.] With the air of a clown;
with the gait of a bumpkin.
Low. adj.
1. Not high.
2. Not riling far upwards.
It became a fpreading vine of lew flature. Ezek. xvii. 6.
3. Not elevated in fftuation.
O mighty Crefar ! do’d thou lye fo low f
Are all thy conquells, glories, triumphs, fpoils,
Shrunk to this little meafure ? Shakefp. 'Julius Cafar.
Whatfoever is waffled away from them is carried down
into the lower grounds, and into the fea, and nothing is
brought back. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
4. Defcending far downwards; deep.
5. Not deep ; not fwclling high ; (hallow : ufed of water.
As two men were walking by the fea-ffde at low w>atci*,
they faw an oyder, and they both pointed at it together.
LTifrange.
It is low ebb fure with his accufer, when fuch peccadillo’s
are put in to fwell the charge. Atterkury.
6. Not of high price; as, corn is low.
f Not loud ; not noify.
As when in open air we blow,
The breath, though drain’d, founds flat and low:
But if a trumpet take the blad.
It lifts it high, and makes it lad. Waller.
The theatre is fo well contrived, that, from the very deep
of the dage, the lowcjl found may be heard diftimflly to the
farthed part of the audience ; and yet, if you 'raife your voice
as high as you pleafe, there is nothing like an echo to caufe
confulion. Aeldijoh on Italy.
8. In latitudes near to the line.
They take their courfe either high to the north, or low to
the fouth. Abbot's Defcript. of the World.
9. Not riflng to fo great a fum as fome other accumulation of
particulars.
Who can imagine, that in flxteen or feventeen hundred
years rime, taking the lower chronology, that the earth had
then flood, mankind (hould be propagated no farther than
Judaea. Burnet’s Theory of tloe Earth.
10. Late in time: as, the lower empire.
11. Dejected; deprefled.
To be word,
The lowejl, mod dejedled, thing of fortune,
Stands dill in efperance. Sbakefpet.
His fpirits are fo low his voice is drown’d,
He hears as from afar, or in a fwoon.
Like the deaf murmur of a didant found. Dryden.
Though he before had gall and rage,
Which death or conqued mud affwage;
He grows difpirited and low,
He hates the fight, and (huns the foe. Prior.
12. Impotent; fubdued.
To keep them all quiet, he mud keep them in greater
awe and lefs fplendor ; which power he will ufe to keep them
as low as he pleafes, and at no more cod than makes for his
own pleafure. Graunt’s Bills of Mortality.
13. Not elevated in rank or Aation ; abjedf.
He wooes both high and low, both rich and poor. Shakefp*
Try in men of low and mean education, who have never
elevated their thoughts above the fpade. Locke.
14. Diftionourable; betokening meannefs of mind: as, tow
tricks.
15. Not fublime 5 not exalted in thought or didfion.
He has not fo many thoughts that are low and vulgar, but,
at the fame time, has not fo many thoughts that are fublime
and noblek Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 279-
In comparifon of thefe divine writers, the nobleff wits of
the heathen world are low and dull. Felton on the Claffcks.
16. Reduced ; in poor circumflances ; as, I am Aw in the world.
Low. adv.
1. Not aloft; not at a high price; meanly: it is chiefly ufed
in compoflrion.
Proud of their numbers and fecure in foul,
The confident and over-ludy French :
Do the Azy-rated Englifli play at dice ? Shakefp. Hen. V.
This is the prettied low-born lafs, that ever
Ran the greenford ; nothing (he does or feems, ,
But finacks of fomething greater than herlelf,
Too noble for this place. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
'There under Ebon (hades and Azu-brow’d rocks,
As ragged as thy locks.
In dark Cimmerian defert ever dwell. Milton.
My eyes no object met
But low-hung clouds, that dipt themfelves in rain,
To (hake their fleeces on the earth again. Dryden.
No luxury found room
I11 Azy-rooft houfes, and bare Walls of lome. Dryden.
Vad yellow oflsprings are the German’s pride ;
But hotter climates narrower frames obtain,
And Azy-built bodies are the growth of Spain. Creech.
Whenever I am turned out, my lodge delcends upon a
Azy-fpirited creeping family. Swift.
We wand’ring go through dreary wades,
Where round fome mould’ring tow’r pale ivy creeps,
And Azy-brow’d rocks hang nodding o’er the deeps. Pope.
Corruption, like a general flood.
Shall deluge all; and av’rice creeping on.
Spread like a Azv-boin mid, and blot the fun. Pope.
2. In times near our own.
In that part of the world which was firfl inhabited, even
as Azy down as Abraham’s time, they wandered with their
flocks and herds. Locke.
3. With a depreffion of the voice.
Lucia, fpeak low, he is retir’d to rod. Addifon's Cato.
4. In
3
L O W
T In a ftate of fubjeclion.
Wow comes it that, having been once fo loth brought, and
thoroughly fubjedted, they afterwards lifted up themfclves fo
ftrongly again. Spenfcr on Ireland.
I o Low. v. a. [from the adjedlive.] To fink ; to make low.
Probably mifprinted for lower.
The value of guineas was lowed from one-and-twenty {hil¬
lings and fixpence to one-and-twenty {hillings. Swift.
I o Low. v. n. [jflofian, Saxon. The adjective low, not high,
is pronounced lo; the verb low, to bellow, lout] To bellow
as a cow.
Doth the wild afs bray when he has grafs ? or loweth the
ox over his fodder ? Job vi. 5.
The maids of Argos, who, with frantick cries.
And imitated lowings, fill’d the fkies. Rofcommon.
Fair Io grac’d his fhield, but Io now,
With horns exalted {lands, and feems to low. Dryden.
Had he been born fome fimple ftsepherd’s heir,
The lowing herd, or fleecy flreep his care. Prior.
Lo'wbell. n.f. ffaeye, Dutch ; le^, Saxon; or log, Iflandick,
a flame, and bell.] A kind of fowling in the night, in which
the birds are wakened by a bell, and lured by a flame into
a net. Lowe denotes a flame in Scotland; and to lowe, to
flame.
Lowe. n.f.
Lowe, loe, comes from the Saxon a hill, heap, or
barrow ; and fo the Gothick hlaiiv is a monument or barrow. _ , Gibfon's Camden.
To Lo'wer. v. a. [from low.]
1. To bring low; to bring down by way of fubmiffion.
As our high veflels pafs their wat’ry way,
Let all the naval world due homage pay;
With hally reverence their top-honours lower,
Confefiing the aflerted power. Prior.
The fuppliant nations
Bow to its enfigns, and with lower'd fails
Confefs the ocean’s queen. Smith's Phcedrus and Hippolytus.
2. To fuller to fink down.
When the water of rivers ifiues out of the apertures with
more than ordinary rapidity, it bears along with it fuch par¬
ticles of loofe matter as it met with in its paflage through the
Hone, and it fuftains thofe particles till its motion begins to
remit, when by degrees it lowers them, and lets them fall.
Woodward's Nat. Hif.
3. To leflen; to make lefs in price or value.
The kingdom will lofe by this lowering of interelf, if it
makes foreigners withdraw any of their money. Locke.
Some people know it is for their advantage to lower their
intereft. Child on Trade.
. To Lower, v. n. To grow lefs; to fall; to fink. 0
The prefent pleafure.
By revolution low'ring-, does become
The oppofite of itfelf. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To LcAver. v. n. [It is doubtful what was the primitive
meaning of this word : if it was originally applied to the ap¬
pearance of the fky, it is no more than to grow tow, as the
fky feems to do in dark weather : if it was firft ufed of the
countenance, it may be derived from the Dutch loeren, to
look afkance.]
1. To appear dark, ftormy, and gloomy; to be clouded.
Now is the winter of our difeontent
Made glorious Summer by this fon of York ;
And all the clouds that lower'd upon our houfe,
In the deep bofom of the ocean buried. Shakefp. Rich. III.
The low'ring fpring, with lavifh rain.
Beats down the {lender Hem and bearded grain. Dryden.
When the heavens are filled with clouds, and all nature
wears a lowering couatenance, I withdraw myfelf from thefe
uncomfortable lcenes. Addifon's Spectator, N '. 83.
The dawn is ovefcafi, the morning low'rs.
And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addifon s Cato.
If on Swithin’s feaft the welkin lours,
And ev’ry penthoufe {{reams with hafty {how’rs.
Twice twenty days {hall clouds their fleeces drain. Gay.
2. To frown ; to pout; to look fullen.
There was Diana when Acheon faw her, and one of her
foolifh nymphs, who weeping, and withal lowering, one might
fee the workman meant to let forth tears of anger. Sidney.
He mounts the throne, and Juno took her place,
But fullen difeontent fat low'ring on her face ;
Then, impotent of tongue, her filence broke,
Thus turbulent in rattling tone {he {poke. Dryden.
Lo'wer. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Cloudincfs ; gloominefs.
2. Cloudincfs of look.
Philoclea was jealous for Zelmane, not without fo mighty
a lower as that face could yield. Sidney, b. ii.
Lo'weringly. adv. [from lower.] With cloudinefs ; gloomily.
Lc/WERMOST. adj. [from low, lower, and tnof.] Loweft.
Plants have their ferhinal parts uppermoll, living creatures
have them hwermojl. Bacon's Nat. Hif.
It will alfo happen, that the fame part of the pipe which
was novt-lowennof-, will prefcntly become higher, fo that
the water does afeend by defending; afcending in compaL O W
rifon to the whole inftrumeilt, and defending in refpecl of
its feveral parts. Wilkins's Dadalus.
Lo'wland. n.f [lovj anc,l Wid.] The country that is low in
refpedt of neighbouring hills; the maffn. *
What a devil’s he ?
His errand was to draw the lowland damps,
And noifome vapours, from the foggy fens.
Then breathe the baleful flench with all his force. Dryd.
No nat’ral caufe fine found from brooks or bogs,
Or marfhy lowlands, to produce the fogs. Dryden.
Lo'wlily. adv. [from lowly.]
1. Humbly; without pride.
2. Meanly; without dignity.
Lo'wliness. n.f. [from lowly.']
1. Humility; freedom from pride.
Lowlinefs is young ambition’s ladder.
Whereto the climber upward turns his face. Shakefpeare-..
The king-becoming graces.
As juftice, verity, temp’rance, flablenefs.
Bounty, perfev’rance, mercy, lowlinefs,
Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude;
I have no relifh of them. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Eve,
With lowlinefs majeftick, from her feat,
And grace, that won who faw lo wifli her flay,
Rofe. Milton's Par. Laf, b. vim
If with a true Chriftian lowlinefs of heart, and a devout
fervency of foul, we perform them, we fhall find, that they
will turn to a greater account to us, than all the warlike pre-,
parations in which we truft. Atterbury's Sermons.
2. Meannefs ; want of dignity ; abjedl depreflion.
They continued in that lowlinefs until the time that the divifion between the two houfes oi Lancafler and York arofe.
Spcnfer's State of Ireland,
The lowlinefs of my fortune has net yet brought me to
flatter vice; and it is my duty to give teftimony to virtue.
Dryden s Preface to Aurengvsebe.
Lo'wly. adj. [from low.]
1. Humble; meek; mild.
Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am
meek and lowly in heart. Matt. xi. 2.9.
He did bend to us a little, and put his arms abroad: we
of our parts faluted him in a very lowly and fubmiiiive man¬
ner, as looking that from him we fhould receive fentence of
life or death. Bacon's New Atlantis.
With cries they fill’d the holy fane;
Then thus with lowly voice Ilioneus began. Dryden.
The heavens are not pure in his fight, and he charges even
his angels with folly; with how lowly a reverence muft we
bow down our fouls before fo excellent a being, and adore a
nature fo much fuperior to our own. Rogers's Scr?nons.
2. Mean ; wanting dignity; not great.
For from the natal hour diftindliye names.
One common right the great and low 'y claims. Pope.
3. Not lofty ; not fublime.
For all w'ho read, and reading not difdain,
Thefe rural poems, and their lowly ftrain.
The name of Varus oft inferib’d {hall fee. Dryd. Silenus-,
Lo'wly. adv. [from low.']
1. Not highly; meanly; without grandeur ; without dignity.
I will fhew myfelf highly fed, and lowly taught; I know
my bufinefs is but to the court. Shakefpeare.
’Tis better to be lowly born,
And range with humble livers in content.
Than to be perk’d up in a glift’ring grief.
And wear a golden forrow. Shakefp. Henry VIII,
2. Humbly; meekly; modeftly.
Heav’n is for thee too high
To know what pafles there; be lowly wife :
Think only what concerns thee, and thy being. Mi'ton.
Another crowd
Preferr’d the fatne requeft, and lowly bow’d. Poe.
Lown. n.f [Hun, Iriflr; loen, Dutch, a ftupid drone.] A
fcoundrel; a rafeal.
King Stephen was a worthy peer.
His breeches coft him but a crown,
He thought them fixpence all too dear.
And therefore call’d the taylor loivn. Shakefpeare.•
Lo'wness. n.f [from low.
1. Abfence of height; fmall diflance from the ground.
They know
By th’ height, the lownefs, or the mean, if dearth,
Or foizon follow. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
The lownefs of the bough where the fruit cometh, maketh
the fruit greater, and to ripen better ; for you {ball even fee,
in apricots upon a wall, the greatefl fruits towards the bot¬
tom. Bacon's Nat. Hif. N°, 432. .
In our Gothick cathedrals, the narrownefs of the arch
makes it rife in height, the lownefs often opens it in breadth.
Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
2. Meannefs of condition, whether mental or external.
Nothing could have fubdu’d nature
To fuch a lownefs, but his unkind daughter. Shakefpeare.
New
L O Z L U B
Shakefpiare.
Now I muft
To the young man fend humble treaties,
And palter in the fhift of lownefs.
3. Want of rank ; want of dignity.
The name of fervants has of old been reckoned to imply
a certain meannefs of mind, as well as lownefs of condition.
South's Sermons.
4. Want of fublimity ; contrary to loftinefs.
A tranfeendent height, as lownefs me,
Makes her not fee, or not (how. Donne.
His flyle is accommodated to his fubjeiff, either high or
low ; if his fault be too much lownefs, that of Ferfius is the
hardnefs of his metaphors. Dryden.
5. Submiflivenefs.
The people were in fuch loivnefs of obedience as fubjects
were like to yield, who had lived almoft four-and-twenty
years under fo politick a king as his father. Bacon.
6. Depreffion ; dejection.
Hence proceeded that poverty and lownefs of fpirit to which
a kingdom may be fubjedf, as well as a particular perfon.
Swift.
Lowtho'ughted. ad}, [low and thought.] Having the thoughts
with-held from fublime or heavenly meditations; mean of
fentiment; narrow mindednefs.
Above the fmoak and ffir of this dim fpot,
Which men call earth, and with lowthonghted care,
Strive to keep up a frail and feverifh being Milton.
O grace ferene ! Oh virtue heav’nly fair !
Divine oblation of lowthonghted care !
Frefh blooming hope, gay daughter of the fky.
And faith our early immortality ! Pope.
Lowspirited. ad}, [low andJpirit.] Deje&ed; depreffed; not
lively ; not vivacious ; not fpritely.
Severity carried to the higheft pitch breaks the mind ; and
then, in the place of a diforderly young fellow, you have a
lowfpirited moped creature. Locke.
Loxodromick. n. f. [Aogo?and fyoy.os ; loxodromus, Lat.j
Loxodromick is the art of oblique failing by the rhomb,
which always makes an equal angle with every meridian;
that is, when you fail neither diredtly under the equator, nor
under one and the fame meridian, but acrofs them : hence
the table of rhumbs, or the tranfverfe tables of miles, with
the table of longitudes and latitudes, by which the Tailor may
practically find his courfe, diftance, latitude, or longitude,
is called loxodromick. Harris,
LO'YAL. adj. [loyal, Fr.]
1. Obedient ; true to the prince.
Of G!offer’s treachery,
And of the loyal fervice of his fon,
When I inform’d him, then he call’d me fot. Shakefp.
The regard of duty in that moft loyal nation overcame all
other difficulties. Knolles.
Loyal fubjects often feize their prince.
Yet mean his facred perfon not the leaft offence.
2. Faithful in love; true to a lady, or lovei4.
Hail wedded love ! by thee
Founded in reafon loyal, juft, and pure.
There Laodaniia with Evadne moves.
Unhappy both ! but loyal in their loves.
Loyalist, n. f. [from loyal.'] One who profeffes uncommon
adherence to his king.
The cedar, by the inftigation of the loyalijls, fell out with
the homebians. Hawels Vocal Forejl.
Lo'yally. adv. [from loyal] With fidelity; with true adhe¬
rence to a king.
The circling year I wait, with ampler ftores,
And fitter pomp, to hail my native fhores ;
Then by my realms due .homage would be paid,
For wealthy kings are loyally obey’d. Pope's Odyffey.
Lo'yalty. n. f. [ioiaulte, French.]
1. Firm and faithful adherence to a prince.
Though loyalty, well held, to fools does make
Our faith meer folly ; yet he that can endure
To follow with allegiance a fall’n lord,
Does conquer him that did his maftcer conquer. Shakefp.
To day (halt thou behold a lubjeht die
For truth, for duty, and for loyalty. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Commilfions flaw’d the heart
Of all their loyalties. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
He had never had any veneration for the court, but only
fuch loyalty to the king as the law required. Clarendon.
Abdiel faithful found
Unfhaken, unfeduc’d, unterrify’d,
His loyalty he kept.
2. Fidelity to a lady, or lover.
. X/O'zenge. n.f [lofenge, French.] Of unknown etymology.
I. A rhomb.
The beft builders rcfolve upon re&angular fqtiares, as a
mean between too few and too many angles ; and through
ihe equal inclination of the Tides, they are ftronger than the
rhomb or lojcnge. hVitton s Architecture.
Dryden's Ain.
Dryden.
Milton.
Milton.
2, Lozenge is a form of a medicine made into fmall pieces.
to be held or chewed in the mouth till melted or wafted.
3. A cake of preferved fruit: both thefe are fo denominated
from the original form, which was rhomboidal.
Lp. a contraction for lordfhip.
Lu'bbard. n. f. [from lubber.] A lazy fturdy fellow.
Yet their wine and their victuals thole curmudgeon lubbards
Lock up from my fight, in cellars and cupboards. Swift.
LU'BBER. n.f. [of this word the beft derivation feems to be
from lubbed, faid by Junius to fignify in Danifh fat.] A ftur¬
dy drone; an idle, fat, bulky lofel ; a booby.
For tempeft and fhowers deceiveth a many,
And ling’ring lubbers loofe many a peme. Puffer's Hufi.
Thefe chafe the fmaller fhoals of fifti from the main fea
into the havens, leaping up and down, puffing like a fat
lubber out of breath. Carew's Survey ofCornwall.
They clap the lubber Ajax on the lhoulder.
As if his feet were on brave Hector’s breaft,
And great Troy (hrinking. Shakefp. Troll, and Creffida.
A notable lubber thou reporteft him to be. Shakefp.
Tell how the drudging goblin fweat;
His fhadowy flail hath threfh’d the corn.
That ten day labourers could not end ;
Then lies him down the lubber1 fend. Milton.
Venetians do not more uncouthly ride,
Than did your lubber ftate mankind beftride. Dryden.
How can you name that fuperannuated lubber ? Congreve.
Lu'bberi.y. ad}, [from lubber.] Lazy and bulky.
I came at Eaton to marry Mrs. Anne Page; and fhe’s a
great lubberly boy. hhakefpeare.
Lu'bberly. adv. Aukwardly; clumfily.
Merry andrew on the low rope copies lubberly the fame
tricks which his mafter is fo dexteroufly performing on the
high. Dryden's Dedication.
Lu. n.f. A game at cards.
Ev’n mighty pam who kings and queens o’erthrew,
And mow’d down armies in the fights of lu.. Pope.
To Lu'bricate. v. a. [from lubricus, Lat.] To make fmooth
or flippery ; to fmoothe.
There are aliments which, befides this lubricating quality,
ftimulate in a fmall degree. Arbuthnot on Aaments.
The patient is relieved by the mucilaginous and the faponaceous remedies, fome of which lubricate, and others both
lubricate and ftimulate. Sharp's Surgery.
To Lu'bricitate. v.n. [from lubricus, Latin.] To fmooth;
to make flippery.
Lubri'city. n.f. [lubricus, Latin; lubricitc, French.]
r. Slipperinefs ; fmoothnefs of furface.
2. Aptnefs to glide over any part, or to facilitate motion.
Both the ingredients are of a lubricating nature ; the mu¬
cilage adds to the lubricity of the oil, and the oil preferves
the mucilage from infpiffation. Ray on Creation.
3. Uncertainty ; flipperineis; inftabiiity.
The manifold impoflibilities and lubricities of matter can¬
not have the fame conveniences in any modification. Adore.
He that enjoyed crowns, and knew their worth, excepted
them not out of the charge of univerfal vanity ; and yet the
politician is not difeouraged at the inconftancy of human af¬
fairs, and the lubricity of his iubjeeft. Glanville's Apology.
A ftate of tranquillity is never to be attained, but by keep¬
ing perpetually in our thoughts the certainty of death, and
the lubricity of fortune. L'EJlrange's Fables.
4. Wantonnefs; lewdnefs*
From the letchery of thefe fauns, he thinks that fatyr is
derived from them, as if wantonnefs and lubricity were effential to that poem which ought in all to be avoided. Dryden.
Lu'brick. adj. [lubricus, Latin.]
1. Slippery ; fmooth on the furface.
A throng
Of fliort thick fobs, whole tbund’ring volleys float
And roul thcmfelves over her lubrick throat*
In panting murmurs. Crafloaw.
2. Uncertain ; unfteady.
I will deduce him from his cradle through the deep and
lubrick waves of ftate, till he is lwallowed in the gulph of fa¬
tality. JVotton.
2. Wanton ; lewd. [lubrique, French.]
Why were we hurry’d down
This lubrick and adult’rate age ;
Nay, added fat pollutions of our own,
T’ encreafe the {learning ordures ot the ftage. Dryden.
Lu'bricous. adj. [lubricus, Latin.]
1. Slippery; fmooth.
The parts of water being voluble and lubricous as well as
fine, it eafily infinuates itlelf into the tubes of vegetables,
and by that means introduces into them the matter it bears
along with it. Woodward's Nat. Hijl2. Uncertain.
The judgment being the leading power, if it be ftored
with lubricous opinions inftead of clearly conceived truths, and
peremptorily relolved in tfyem, the practice will be as irre¬
gular as the conceptions. Glanville's Seep.
15 T Lu'bri-
LUC L U D
! ? ; »
Lubrifica'tion. n.f. [lubricus and fioy Latin.] The a£l of
fmoothing.
A twofold liquor is prepared for the inunilion and lubrification of the heads of the bones; an oily one, furnifhed by
the marrow ; a mucilaginous, fupplied by certain glandules
feated in the articulations. Ray on Creation.
Lubrifa'ction. n. f. [lubricus and facio, Latin.] The ait of
lubricating or fmoothing.
The caufe is lubrifaction and relaxation, as in medicines
emollient; fuch as milk, honey, and mallows. Bacon,
Luce. n.f. [perhaps from lupus; Latin.] A pike full grown.
They give the dozen white luces in their coat. Sbalcefp.
Lu'cent. adj. [lucens, Latin.] Shining; bright; fplendid.
I meant the day-ftar fhould not brighter rife.
Nor lend like influence from his lucent feat. Benj. Johnfon.
A fpot like which perhaps
Aftronomer in the fun’s lucent orb.
Through his glaz’d optick tube yet never faw; Milton.
LUCID, n.f. [lucidus, Latin; lucide, French.]
1. Shining; bright; glittering.
Over his lucid arms
A military veil of purple flow’d ;
Livelier than Meliboean: Milion.
It contrails it, preferving the eye from being injured by
too vehement and lucid an objeil, and again dilates it for the
apprehending objects more remote in a fainter light. Ray.
If at the fame time a piece of white paper, or a White
cloth, or the end of one’s finger, be held at the diftance of
about a quarter bf an inch, or half an inch; from that part
of the glafs where it is moll in motion, the eleitrick vapour
which is excited by the friilion of the glafs againft the hand
will, by dafhing againft the white paper, cloth, or finger,
be put into fuch an agitation as to emit light, and make the
white paper, cloth, or linger, appear lucid like a glow-worm.
Newton's Opticks.
The pearly Ihell its lucid globe unfold,
And Phoebus warm the rip’ning ore to gold. Pope.
2. Pellucid; tranfparent.
On the fertile banks
Of Abbana and Pharphar, lucid ftreams. Milt. Par. Lojl.
On the tranfparent fide of a globe, half filver and half of
a tranfparent metal, we faw certain ftrange figures circularly
drawn, and thought we could touch them, till we found our
fingers flopped by that lucid fubftance. Gulliver’s Trav.
3. Bright with the radiance of intellect; riot darkened with
madnefs. ,
The long diffentioris of the two houfes, which, although
they had had lucid intervals and happy paufes, yet they did
ever hang over the kingdom, ready to break forth. Bacon.
Some beams of wit on other fouls may fall,’
Strike through and make a lucid interval;
But ShadWell’s genuine night admits no ray,’
His rifing fogs prevail upon the day. Dryden.
I believed him in a lucid interval, and defired he would
jileafe to let me. fee his book. Tatler.
A few fenfual and voluptuous perfons may, for a feafon,
eclipfe this native light of the foul; but can never fo wholly
Another and extinguilh it, but that, at fome lucid intervals,
it will recover itfelf again, and Ihine forth to the convi&ion
, of theif confcience. Bentley’s Sermons.
Luci'ditY. n.f. [from lucid.\ Splendor; brightnefs. Didl.
Luci'ferous. adj. [lucifer, Latin.] GiviUg light; affording
means of difeovery. . ,
The experiment is in itfelf not ignoble, and luciferous
enough, as (hewing a new way to produce a volatile fait.
Boyle.
Luci'Fick. adj. [lux andfacioi Latin.] Making light; pro¬
ducing light. _
When made to converge, and fo mixed together; though
their lucifick motion be continued, yet by interfering, that
equal motion, which is the colorifick, is interrupted. Greiv.
Luck, n f [,geluck, Dutch.]
j. Chance; accident; fortune; hap; cafual event.
He forc’d his neck into a nooze,
To fhew his play at fall and loofe ;
And when he chanc’d t’ efcape, miftook
For art and fubtlety, his luck. Hudibras.
Some fuch method may be found by human induftry or
luck, by which compound bodies may be refolved into other
fubftances than they are divided into by the fire. Boyle.
2. Fortune, good or bad.
Glad of fuch luck the lucklefs lucky maid;
A long time with that favage people ftaid,
To gather breath in many miferies. Spenfer.
Farewel, good Salifbury, and good luck go with thee.
Shakefpeare’s Henry V.
I did demand what news from Shrewfbury.
He told me, that rebellion had ill luck,
And that young Harry Percy’s fpur was cold. Sbakefpeare.
That part of mankind who have bad the juftice, or the
luck, to pafs, in common opinion, for the wifeft, have fol¬
lowed a very different feent. Temple.
Such, how highly foever they may have the luck to be
thought of, are far from being Ifraehtes indeed. South.
The guefts are found too num’rous for the treat.
But all, it feems, who had the luck to eat,
, Swear they ne’er tafted more delicious meat. Tate's Juv.
Lu'ckily. adv. [from lucky.] Fortunately; by good hap.
It is the pencil thrown luckily full upon the horfe’s mouth,
to exprefs the foam, which the painter with all his (kill could
not form. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
It happens luckily for the eftablifhment of a new race of
kings upon the Britift] throne, that the firft of this royal line
, has all high qualifications. Adclifon.
Lu'ckiness. n.f. [from lucky.] Good fortune; good hap; cafUal happinefs.
He who fometimes lights on truth, is in the right but by
chance ; and I know not whether the luckinefs of the acci¬
dent will excufe the irregularity of his proceeding. Locke.
Lu'cKless. adj. [from luck.] Unfortunate; unhappy.
Glad of fuch luck, the lucklefs lucky maid,
v A long time with that favage people ftaid.
To gather breath in mariy miferies. Fairy Shieen.
, Never Ihall my thoughts be bafe.
Though lucklefs, yet without difgrace. Suckling.
What elfe but his immoderate luft of pow’r,
Pray’rs made and granted in a lucklefs hour ? Dryden.
Lu'cky n.f. [from luck; geluckig, Dutch.] Fortunate; happy
by chance;
But I more fearful, of more lucky wight,
Difmay’d with that defofmed, difmal fight.
Fled faft away. ( Fairy Thteen, b. x.
Perhaps fome arm more lucky than the reft.
May reach his heart, and free the world from bondage.
Addifon’s Cato.
Lu'crativE. adj. [lucratif, French; literativus, Lat.] Gain¬
ful ; profitable; bringing money.
The trade of merchandize being the moft lucrative, may
bear ufury at a good rate ; other contracts not fo. . Bacon.
The difpofition of Ulyffes i.icliried him to purfue the more
dangerous way of living by war, thafi the more lucrative me¬
thod of life by agriculture. Notes on the Odyjfcy.
Lu'cre. n.f. [lucrum, Latin.] Gain; profit; pecuniary ad¬
vantage. In an ill fenfe.
Malice and lucre in them
Have laid this woe here. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
They all the facred myfteries of heav’n
To their own vile advantages fhall turn,
Oflucre, and ambition. Milton’s Pat. Lojl, b. xii.
A foul fupreme in each hard inftance try’d,
Above all pain, all anger, and all pride.
The rage of pow’r, the blaft of publick breath.
The luft of lucre, and the dread of death. Pope.
What can be thought of the procuring letters by fraud,
, and the printing them merely for lucre ? Pope.
Lucri'ferous. adj. [lucrum zn&fero, Latiml Gainful; pro¬
fitable:
Silver was afterwards feparated from the gold, but in fo fmall
a quantity, that the experiment, the eOft and pains cortfidered, was not lucriferous. Boyle.
Lucri'fick. adj. [lucrum andfacio, Latin.] Producing gain.
. ° Dill.
Lu'ctation. n.f [luftor, Latin.] Struggle; effort; conteft.
To Lu'cubrate. n.f [lucubror, Lat.J To watch; to ftudv
. by night.
Lucubration, n.f [lucubrdtio, Latin.] Study by candle¬
light ; nodlurnal ftudy; any thing compofed by night.
Thy lucubrations have been perufed by feveral of our
friends. Tatler, N\ 78.
LucUbra'tory; adj. [lucubratorius, from lucubror, Latin.]
Compofed by candle-light.
You muft have a fober difti of coffee, and a folitary candfe
at your fide, to write an epiftle lucubratory to your friend.
' PCpt\
Li/culent. adj. [hkulentusy Latin ]
1. Clear; tranfparent; lucid. This word is perhaps not ufed
in this fenfe by any other writer.
And luculent along
The purer rivers flow. Tbomfm’s TVinter, /. 715.
2. Certain; evident.
They are againft the obftinate incredulity of the Jews, the
moft luculent teftimonies that Chriftian religion hath. Hooker,
L'UDICROUS. adj. [ludicer, Lat.] Burlefque; merry; fportive; exciting laughter.
Plutarch quotes this as an inftance of Homer’s judgment,
in clofing a ludicrous feene with decency and inftrudlion.
Notes on tbt Odyffey.
Lu'dicrously. adv. [from ludicrous.] Sportively; in bur¬
lefque ; in a manner that may excite laughter.
Lu'dicrousness. n.f. from ludicrous.] Burlefque; fportivenefs ; merry caft or manner ; ridiculoufnefs,
LudificaTion. n.f. [ludificor, Latin.] The a£l of mocking,
or making fport With another. Di£l,
Luff.
LUK L U M
Luff. n.f. [in'Scotland.] The palm of the hand j as, clap
me arles in my luff. ; _
To Luff. v. n. [or loof] To keep clofe to the wind. Sea
term. _ .
Contract your fwelling fails, and luff to wind. Dryden.
To Lug. v. a. [aluccan, Saxon, to pull * Iqga, Swedifh, the
hollow of the hand.]
1. To hall or drag* to pull with rugged violence.
You gods! why this
Will lug your priefts and fervants from your fides. Shakefp.
Thy bear is fafe, and out of peril.
Though tugg'd indeed, and wounded very ill. Hudibras.
When favage bears agree with bears,
Shall fecrct ones lug faints by th’ ears. Hudibras, p. iii.
See him drag his feeble legs ahout
Like hounds ill coupled : Jowler lugs him ftill .
Through hedges. Dryden.
Whole pleafure is to fee a ftrumpet tear
A cynick’s beard, and lug him by the hair. Dryden.
Either every fingle animal fpirit muft convey a whole reprefentation, or elfe they mull: divide the image amonglt
them, and fo lug off every one his lhare. Collier.
2. To Lug cut. To draw a fword, in burlefque language.
But buff and beltmen never know thefe cares.
No time, nor thick of law, their adtion bars * ,
They will be heard, or they lug out and cut. . , Dryden.
To IjUG. v. n. To drag •, to come heavily : perhaps only milprinted for lags.
My flagging foul flies uhder her own pitch*
Like fowl in air, too damp, and lugs along,
As if Ihe were a body in a body. Dryden.
Lug. n.f.
3. A kind of (mall fifti. . ^ >
They feed on fait unmerchantable pilchards, tag ymrms,
lugs, and little crabs. Carets Survey ofCornwall.
2. [In Scotland.] An ear.
3. Lug, a land meafure j a pole or perch.
That ample pit, yet far renown’d
For the large leap which Debon did. compel c.
Ceaulin to make, being eight lugs of ground. Fa. Sht.
Lu'cg.age. n.f [from lug.] Any thing cumbrous and unwcildy that is to be carried away * any thing of more weight
than value. ^ . , \
Come bring your luggage nobly on your back. Shakefp.
What dv> you mean
To doat thus on fuch luggage ? Shakefpeare's Tempejl.
Think not thou to find me flack, or need
Thy politick maxims, or that cumberfome
Luggage of war there Ihewn me.. Milton s Par. Regain'd.
How durff thou with that fullen luggage
O’th’felf, old ir’n, and other baggage,
T’ oppofe thy lumber againft us ? Hudibras, p. i.
' . The mind of man is too light to bear much certainty
among the ruffling winds of paffion and opinion* and if the
luggage be prized equally with the jewels, none will be caff
out till all be fhipwrecked. Glanv.
A lively faith will bear aloft the mind.
And leave the luggage of good works behind. Dryden.
I am gathering up my luggage, and preparing for my jour¬
ney. Swift to Pope.
Lugu'brious. adj. [<lugubre, French* lugubris, Lat.J Mourn¬
ful* forrowful. ..
A demure, or rather a lugubrious look, a fad or whining
tone, makes up the Aim of marly mens humiliations.
Decdy of Piety.
LU KEWARM, adj. [The original of this word is doubted.
Warmth, in Saxon, is jffeoS * in old Frifick hlij; in Dutch
liewte * whence probably our hike, to which warm may be
added, to determine, by the firff word, the force of the fecond * as we fay, boiling hot,]
1. Moderately or mildly warm * fo warm as to give only a
pleafing fenfation.
A dreary corfe, whofe life away did pafs.
All wallow’d in his own, yet lukewarm blood,
That from his wound yet welled frefh alas ! Fairy ffiteen.
May you a better feaft never behold,
You knot of mouth friends* fmolce and lukeivarm water
Is your perfection. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Bathing the body in lakevoarm water is of great advantage
to contentperate hot and fharp humours. JViJeman's Surgery.
Whence is it but from this attra&ive power that water,
which alone diffils with a gentle lukewarm heat, will not diftil
from fait of tartar without, a great heat ? Newton's Opticks.
2. indifferent * not ardent * not zealous.
If fome few continue ftedfaff, it is ari obedience fo luke¬
warm and languishing, that it merits not the name of paf¬
fion. Dryden.
This fober condudl is a mighty virtue
In lukewarm patriots. Addifcn s Catoi
JLu'kewarmly. adv. [from the adje&ive.]
1. With moderate Warmth.
2. With indifference.
Lu'icewakmness. n.f [from lukewarm.]
X. Moderate or pleafing heat.
2. Indifference; want of ardour.
Some kind of zeal counts all merciful moderation luke.J
warnmefs. . King Charles.
The defedt of zeal is lukewarmnefs, or coldnefs in religion *
the excefs is inordinate heat and fpiritual fury. Sprat.
Go dry your chaff and ftubble, give fire to the zeal of
your fadtion, and reproach them with lukewarmnefs. Swift.
To Lull. v. a. [lulu, Danifh * lallo, Latin.]
1. To compofe to fleep by a pleafing found.
There trickled foftly dbwn
A gentle ftream, whofe murmuring wave did pHy
Emongft the pumy ffories, and made a found
To lull him foft a fleep, that by it lay. Fairy fhiccn, b. ii;
Such fweet compulsion doth in mufick lie.
To lull the daughters of neceffity. Milton:
Thefe lull'd by nightingales embracing flept. Milton.
2. To compofe* to quiet * to put to reft.
To find a foe it fhall not be his hap,
And peace fhall lull him in her flow’ry lap. Milton:
No more thefe feenes my meditations aid.
Or lull to reft the vifionaiy maid. Pope.
By the vocal woods and waters lull'd,
4 And loft in lonely mufing in a dream. Thcmfon's Spring.
Lu llaby. n. f. [lalluss, Latin. Quern nutricum fuiffe deuni
contendit Turnebus, from lull: it is obfervlibie that the
nurfes call fleep by, by * lullaby is therefore lull to deep.] A
fong to fiill babes.
Only that noife heav’ns rolling circles keft.
Sung lullaby, to bring the world to reft. Fairfax:
Philomel, with melody,
Sing in your fweet lullaby ;
Lul a, lulla, lullaby * lulla, llilla, lullaby. Shakefpeare.
If you will let your lady knovV I am hefe to fpeak with
her, and bring her along with you, it may make my bounty
further.
—Marry, Sir, lullaby to your bounty till I come again. Shah.
Drinking is the lullaby ufed by nurfes to ftill crying chilp dren. Locke on Education.
Lumba'go. n.f. [lumbi, Lat. the ldins.]
Lumbago's are pains very troublefome about the loins, and
fmall of the back, liich as precede agile fits and fevers: they
are moft commonly from fullnefs and acrimony, in commori
with a difpofition to yawnings, fhuddefings, and erratick
pains in other parts, and go Off with evacuation* generally
by fweat, and other critical difeharges of fevefs. . Shiihcy:
LU'MBER. n.f. [loma, geloma, Saxon, hoiifhoklftuft * lommering, the dirt of an houfe, Dutch.] Any thing ufelefs of
cumberfome * any thing pf more bulk than value.
I he very bed Was violated
By the coarfe hands of filthy dungeon villains*
And thrown amongft the commori lumber. Otway.
One fon at home
Concerns thee more than many guefts to come.
I[ to fome ufeful art he be not bred.
He grows mere lumber, and is wotfe than dead; Hryden.
Thy neighbour has remov’d his wretched ftorej
Few hands will rid the lumber of the poor. Dryden'% Juv.
. If God intended not the precife ufe of every fingle atom,
that atom had been no better than a piece of lumber. Grcvj,
The poring fcholiafts mark ;
Wits, who, like owls, fee ohly in the dark ;
A lumber-houCe of books, in ev’ry head. Pope's Dunciad:
To Lu'mber. v. a. [from the noun.] To heap like ufelefs
goods irregularly.
. In Rollo we muft have fo much ftuff lumbered together,
that not the leaft beauty of tragedy can appear. Rymcr.
To Lu'mber. v. n. To move heavily, as burthened with his
own bulk.
Firft let them run at large,
Nor lumber o’er the meads, nor crofs the wood. Dryden.
Lu'minary. n.f. [luminare, Latin* luminaire, French:]
1. Any body which gives light.
The great luminary
Difpenfes light from far. Milton.
2. Any thing which gives intelligence.
Sir John Graham, I know not upon what luminaries he
efpied in his face, diffuaded him from marriage. JVotton.
3. Any one that inftrudts mankind.
The circulation of the blood, and the weight and fpring
of the air, had been referved for a late happy dilcoverv by
two great luminaries of this ifland. Bentley's Sermons.
Lumina'tion. n.f. [from lumen.] Emiflion of light. Dim.
Lu'minous. n.f. [lumineux, French.]
1. Shining * emitting light.
Fire burnetii wood, making it firft luminous, then black
and brittle, and laftly, broken and incinerate. Bacon.
Its firft convex divides
The luminous inferior ofbs inclos’d,
From chaos. Milton.
How came the fun to be luminous? Not from the necelfity of Aatural caufes. Bentley's Sermons.
2,. Enlightened.
L U N L U N
1. Enlightened.
o
Earth may, induftrious of herfelf, fetch day,
Travelling eaft ; and with her part averle
Ffom the fun’s beam, meet night'; her other part
Still luminous by his ray. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b, viii.
3. Shining; bright.
The moil luminous of the prifmatick colours are the yel¬
low and orange : thefe afFeft the fenfes more ftrongly than
all the reft together. Newton s Opticks.
LUMP. n. f. ['lompe, Dutch.]
1. A fmall mafs of any matter.
The weed kal is by the Egyptians ufed firft for fuel, and
then they crufh the afhes into lumps like a ftone, and fo fell
them to the Venetians. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Without this various agitation of the water, how could
lumps of fugar or fait caft into it be fo perfectly dift'olved in
it, that the lumps themfelves totally difappear ? Boyle.
An Ombite wretch is pris’ner made;
Whofe flefh torn off by lumps, the rav’nous foe
In morfels cut. Tate.
Ev’ry fragrant flow’r, and od’rous green.
Were forted well, with lu?nps of amber laid between. Dry.
To conceive thus of the foul’s intimate union with an in¬
finite being, and by that union receiving of ideas, leads one
into as grofs thoughts, as a country-maid would have of an
infinite butter-prifit, the feveral parts whereof being applied
to her lump of butter, left on it the figure or idea there was
prefent need of. Locke.
2. A fhapelefs mafs.
Hence, heap of wrath, foul indigefted lump ;
As crooked in thy manners as thy fhape. Sbak. Henry VI.
Blufh, blufh, thou lump of foul deformity. Sbakcjpeare.
Why might not there have been, in this great mafs, huge
lumps of folid matter, which, without any form or order,
might be jumbled together. Keil agalnjl Burnet.
3. Mafs undiftinguifhed.
All mens honours
Lie like one lump before him, to be fafhion’d
Into what pinch he pleafe. Sbakefpeare's Henry VIII.
it is rare to find any of thefe metals pure; but copper,
iron, gold, filver, lead, and tin, all promifcuoufly in one
lump. JVoodvjard's Nat. Hijl.
4. The whole together; the grofs.
If my readers will not go to the price of buying my pa¬
pers by retail, they may buy them in the lump. Addifon.
Other epidemical vices are rife and predominant only for
a feafon, and muft not be afcribed to human nature in the
lump. Bentley's Sermons.
The principal gentlemen of feveral counties are ftigmatized
in a lump, under the notion of being papifts. Swift.
To Lump. v. a. To take in the grofs, without attention to
particulars.
The expences ought to be lumped together. Ayliffe's Par.
Boccalini, in his political balance, after laying France in
one fcale, throws Spain into the other, which wanted but
very little of being a counterpoife : the Spaniards upon this
reckoned, that if Spain of itfelf weighed fo well, they could
not fail of fuccefs when the feveral parts of the monarchy
were lumped in the fame fcale. Addifon.
Lu'mpfish. [lump and fijb\ lumpus, Lat.] A fort of fifh.
Lu'mping. adj. [from lump.'] Large; heavy; great. Alow
word.
Nick, thou fitalt have a lumping pennyworth. Arbuthnot.
Lu'mpish. adj. [from lump.'] Heavy; grofs; dull; unaftive;
bulky.
Out of the earth was formed the flefh of man, and there¬
fore heavy and lumpijh. Raleigh's Hijl. of the IPorId.
Sylvia is lumpijh, heavy, melancholy. Shakefpeare.
Love is all l’pirit: fairies fooner may
Be taken tardy, when they night tricks play.
Than we; we are too dull and lumpijh. Suckling.
Little terreftrial particles fwimming in it after the grofTeft
were funk down, \vhich, by their heavinefs and iurnpif)
figure, made their way more fpeedily. Burnet.
How dull and how infenfible a beaft
Is man, who yet wou’d lord it o’er the reft ?
Philofophers and poets vainly ftrove
In every age the lumpijh mafs to move. Dryden.
Lu'mpishly. adv. [from lumpijh.] With heavinefs; with ftupidity.
Lu'mpishnf.ss. n. f. [from the adjeclive.] Stupid heavinefs.
Lu'mpy. adj. [horn lump.] Full of lumps; full of compaft
mafles.
One of the beft fpades to dig hard lumpy clays, but too
final] for light garden mould. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Lu'nacy. n.f. [from luna, the moon.] A kind of madnefs
influenced by the moon ; madnefs in general.
Love is merely madnefs, and deferves as well a dark heufe
and a whip as madmen do; and the reafon why they are not
fo punched and cured is, that the lunacy is fo ordinary, that
the whippet's are in love too. Shakefp. As you like it.
Your kindred flhun your houfe,
As beaten hence by your ftfange lunacy. Shakefpeare.
There is difference of lunacy: I bad rather be mad with
him, that, when he had nothing, thought all the fhips that
came into the haven his, than with you, who, when you
have fo much coming in, think you have nothing. Suckling.
Lu'nar. } adj. [lunairc, Fr. lunaris, Latin.] Relating to the
Lu'nary. £ moon ; under the dominion of the moon.
They that have refolved that thefe years were but lunary
years, viz. of a month, or Egyptian years, are eafily con¬
futed. Raleigh's Hijl. of the THorld.
They have denominated fome herbs folar and fome lunar,
and fuch like toys put into great words. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The figure of its feed much refembles a horfhoe, which
Baptifla Porta hath thought too low a fignjfication, and railed
the fame unto a lunary reprefentation. Brown's Vidg. Errours.
We upon our globe’s laft verge fhall go,
And view the ocean leaning on the fky;
From thence our rolling neighbours we fhall know,
And on the lunar world fecurely pry. Dryden.
Lu'nary. n.f. [lunarta, Latin; lunaire, Fr] Moonwort.
Then lprinkles fhe the juice of rue
With nine drops of the midnight dew.
From lunary diftilling. ’ Drayton's Nymphid.
Lu'nated. adj. [from luna.] Formed like a half moon.
L'unatick. adj. [,lunations, Latin.] Mad; having the ima¬
gination influenced by the moon.
Bedlam beggars, from low farms,
Sometimes with lunatick bans, fometimes with prayers.
Enforce their charity. - Shakefpeare.
Lu'natick. n.f A madman.
The lunatick, the lover, and. the poet,
Are of imagination all compadt :
One fees more devils than vaft hell can hold ;
The madman. Shakefp. Midjiimmcr Night's Dream.
I dare enfure any man well in his wits, for one in the
thoufand that he fhall not die a lunatick in Bedlam within
thefe (even years ; becaufe not above one in about one thou¬
fand five hundred have done fo. Graunt's Bills.
See the blind beggar dance, the cripple fmg.
The fot a hero, lunatick a king. Pope.
The refidue of the yearly profits fhall be laid out in purchafing a piece of land, and in .building thereon an hofpital
for the reception of idiots and lur.aticks. Swift.
Luna'tion. n.f. [1lunaifon, French; luna, Latin.] The re¬
volution of the moon.
If the lunations be obferved for a cycle of nineteen years,
which is the cycle of the moon, the fame obfervations will
be verified for fucceeding cycles for ever. Holder on Time.
Lunch. \n-f- [Minfiaw derives it from louja, Spanifh ;
Lu'ncheon. ) Skinner from kleinhen, a fmall piece, Teutonick. It probably comes from dutch or eluneb.] As much
food as one’s hand can hold.
When hungry thou ftood’ft flaring, like an oaf,
I dic’d the luncheon from the barley loaf;
With crumbled bread I thicken’d well the mefs. Gay.
Lune. n.f. [luna, Latin.]
1. Any thing in the fhape of an half moon.
2. Fits of lunacy or frenzy, mad freaks. The French fay of
a man who is but fantaftical or whimfical, II a des lunes.
Hanmer.
Beftrew them
Thefe dangerous, unfafe lunes i’ th’ king ;
He muft be told on’t, and he fhall : the office
Becomes a woman beft. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
. 3. A laifh : as, the lune of a hawk.
LUNE'TTE. n. f. [French.] A fmall half moon.
Lunette is a covered place made before the courtine, which
confifts of two faces that form an angle inwards, and is com¬
monly railed in foffes full of water, to ferve inftead of a
faufte braye, and to difpute the enemy’s paffage: it Is fix
tolfes in extent, of which the parapet is four. Trevoux.
Lungs, n.f [lunjen, Saxon; long, Dutch.] The lights; the
part by which breath is infpired and expired.
. More would I, but my lungs are wafted fo,
That ltiength of ipeech is utterly denied me. Shakefpeare.
The bellows of his lungs begin to fwell,
Nor can the good receive, nor bad expel.’ Dryden.
Had I a hundred mouths, a hundred tongues.
And throats of brafs infpir’d with iron lungs;
I could not half thofe horrid crimes repeat.
Nor half the punifhments thofe crimes have met. Dryden.
Lunged, adj. [from lungs.] Having lungs; having the nature
of Jungs; drawing in and emitting air: as, the lungs in an
animal body.
The fmith prepares his hammer for the ftroke,
While the lung'd bellows biffing fire provoke. Dryden.
Lung-GROWN, adj. [lung and grown.]
The lungs fometimes grow faft to the fkin that lines the
breaft within ; whence fuch as are detained with that acci¬
dent are lung-grown. Harvey on Conjunctions,
2 Lungwort.
LUR
LU'NtCLTw« &]which is lhaped like a
funnel whole upper part is cut into leveral fegments ; from
its Aftulous flower-eUp, which is for the moft part pentago¬
nal riles the pointal encompaffed by four ernbnos, which
afterwards become fo many feeds inclofed in the flowerMiller.
Luniso'lar. adj. [lunifolaire, French; luna and folaris, Lat.]
Compounded of the revolution of fun and moon. _
LuNT. [lonte, Dutch.] The matchcord with which guns
Lu'pine. n.f. [lupin, French; lupinus, Latin.] A kind of
^ It has a papilionaceous flower, out of whofe empalement
rifes the pale, which afterward turns into a pod Ailed with
either plain or fpherical feeds: the leaves grow like Angers
upon the foot ftalks. „ Mlllef'
When Protogenes would undertake any excellent piece, he
ufed to diet himfelf with peas and lupines, that his invention
mLht be quick and reAned. Peacham on Draining.
Where ftalks of lupines grew,
Th’ enfuing feafon, in return, may bear
The bearded product of the golden year. Dryden s Georg.
Proto°-enes, drawing the pifture of Jalyfus, took no othei
nourifhment than lupines mixed with water, for fear of c ogging his imagination by the luxury of his food. Dryden.
Lurch, n.f. [This word is derived by Skinner from l ourche,
3 game of draughts, much ufed, as he fays, among t e
Dutch; ourche he derives from area ; lo that, I fuppole,
thofe that are loft are left in lorche, in the lurch or box;
whence the ufe of the word.] . . ,
To leave in the Lurch. To leave in a forlorn or deferted con¬
dition ; to leave without help.
Will you now to peace incline,
And languifh in the main defign.
And leave us in the lurch. Denham.
But though th’art of a different church)
I will not leave thee in the lurch. _ Hudibras, p. l.
Have a care how you keep company with thofe that, when
thev And themfelves upon a pinch, will leave their friends in
the lurch. J u F*KangCllilt
Can you break your word with three of the honeftelt bellmeanin- perfons in the world ? It is bafe to take _ advantage
of their°ftmplicity and credulity, and leave them in the lurch
at Arbuthnot s Hijl. of J. Bull.
Flirts about town had a deflgn tocaft us out of the fafhionable world, and leave uS in the lurch, by fome of their late
reftnements. t Addlfonf Guardl '
To Lurch, v. n. [loeren, Dutch ; or rather from the noun.J
1. To Ihift; to play tricks. . , . ,
I myfelf, fometimes leaving the fear of heav n on my lefthand, and hiding mine honour in my neceffity, am fain to
(huffle, to hedge, and to lurch. hhakejpeare.
2. To lie in wait: we now rather ufe lurk-.
While the one was upon wing, the other flood lurching
upon the ground, and flew away with the Afn. L’EJlrange.
To Lurch, v. a. [lurcor, Latin.]
1. To devour; to fwallow greedily. #
Too far off from great cities may hinder bufinefs ; or too
near lurcheth all proviiions, and maketh every thing dear.
Bacon's Effays.
2. To defeat; to difappoint. A word now ufed only in burlefque. [from the game lurch.]
He waxed like a fea ;
And, in the brunt of feventeen battles lince.
He lurcht all fwords o’ th’ garland. Shakefp. Conolanus.
God never defigned the ufe of them to be continual; by
putting fuch an emptinefs in them, as fhould fo quickly fail
and lurch the expectation. _ South’s Sermons.
This is a fure rule, that will never deceive or lurch the iincere communicant. South s Sermons.
2. To fteal privily; to Alch ; to pilfer.
Lu'RCHER. n.f. [from lurch.]
l. One that watches to fteal, or to betray or entrap.
I cannot reprefent thofe worthies more naturally than un¬
der the fhadow of a pack of dogs, made up of Anders,
lurchers, and fetters. Tatler, N-. 59.
His thefts fome tradefman fpies.
Swift from his play the feudding lurcher flies;
Whilft ev’ry honeft tongue flop thief refounds. Gay.
2 [Lurco, Latin.] A glutton ; a gormandizer. Not ufed.
LuRE. n.f [leurre, French; lore, Dutch.]
1. Something held out to call a hawk.
My faulcon now is fharp and palling empty.
And, till fhe {loop, fhe muft not be full-gorg’d
For then fhe never looks upon her lure. Shakcfpcare.
This lure (he caft abroad, thinking that this fame and be¬
lief would draw, at one time or other, fome birds to ftiike
upon it. Bacon s Hen*.y VIL
A great eftate to an heir, is as a lure to all the birds of
prey round about to feize on him. Bacon.
L U S
A falc’ncr Henry is, when Emma hawks;
With her of tarfels, and oflures he talks. Prior„
2. Any enticement; any thing that promifes advantage.
How many have with a fmile made fmall account
> Of beauty, and her lures, cafily fcorn’d
All her aflaults, on worthier things intent. Milt. Par. Reg.
This ftiffneck’d pride, nor art nor force can bend,
Nor high-flown hopes to reafon’s lure delcend. Denham.
To Lure. v. n. [from the noun.] To call hawks.
Standing near one that lured loud and fhrill, I had fuddenly an offence, as if fomewhat had broken, or been diflocated
in my ear, and immediately after a loud ringing. Bacon.
To Lure. v. a. To attract; to entice; to draw.
A3 when a flock
Of ravenous fowl, though many a league remote,
Againft the day of battle, to a Aeld
Where armies lie encamp’d, come flying, lur’d
With feent of living carcafes. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
A man fpent one day in labour, that he might pafs the
other at eafe ; and lured on by the pleafure of this bait, when
he was in vigour he would provide for as many days as he
could. Temple.
Should you lure
From this dark haunt, beneath the tangled roots
Of pendant trees, the monarch of the brook,
Behoves you then to ply your flneft art. Thomfon’s Spring.
Volumes on fhelter’d ftalls expanded lie.
And various fcience lures the learned eye. Gay s Trivia.
Lu'rid. adj. \luridus, Latin.] Gloomy; difmal.
Slow fettling o’er the lurid grove,
Unufual darknels broods. Thomfon’s Summer.
To Lurk. v. n. [probably lurch and lurk are the fame word.
See LURCH.] To lie in wait; to lie hidden; to lie clofe.
Far in land a favage nation dwelt,
That never tailed grace, nor goodnels felt;
But like wild beafts, lurking in loathfome den,
And flying fall as roebuck through the fen.
All naked. ^ Fairy Queen, b. ii.
Milbrook lurkeih between tivo hills, a village of fome
eighty houfes, and borrowing his name from a mill and little
brook running there through. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
They lay not to live by their worke.
But theevifhly loiter and lurke. Tuffer’s Hufbandry.
If Anners entice, confent not; if they fay, let us lay wait
for blood, let us lurk privily for the innocent. Prov. i. 11.
The wife, when.danger or dilhonour lurks,
Safeft, and feemlieft by her hulband Hays. Milton.
• . * . See
The lurking gold upon the fatal tree:
Then rend it off. Dryden’s JEn.
The Icing unfeen
Lurk’d in her hand, and mourn’d his captive queen;
He fprings to vengeance. P°peI do not lurk in the dark : I am not wholly unknown to
the world : I have fet my name at length. Swift.
Lu'rker. n. f. [from lurk.] A thief that lies in wait.
Lu'rkingplace. n.f. [lurk and place.] Hiding place ; fecret
place.
Take knowledge of all the lurkingplaces where he hidelh
himfelf. 1 Sam. xxiii. 23.
Lu'scious. adj. [from delicious, fay fome ; but Skinner more
probably derives it from luxurious, corruptly pronounced.]
1. Sweet, fo as to naufeate.
2. Sweet in a great degree.
The food that to him nbw is as lufeious as loches, fhall
fhortly be as bitter as coloquintida. Shakefp. Othell.
With brandilh’d blade rufh on him, break his glafs,
And fhed the lufeious liquor on the ground. Milton.
Blown rofes hold their fweetnefs to the laft,
And raiAns keep their lufeious native tafte. Dryden.
3. Pleaftng; delightful.
He will bait him in with the lufeious propofal of fome
gainful purchafe. South’s Sermons.
Lusciously, adv. [from lufeious.] Sweet to a great degree.
Lu'sciousness. n.f. [from lufeious.] Immoderate fweetnefs.
Can there be greater indulgence in God, than to embitter
fenfualities whofe lufeioufnefs intoxicates us, and to clip wingo
which carry us from him. Decay of Piety.
Peas breed worms by reafon of the lufeioufnefs and fweet¬
nefs of the grain. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
Lu'seRN. n.f lupus cervarius, Latin.] A lynx.
Lush. adj. Of a dark, deep, full colour, oppoiite to pale and
faint; from loufche. Hanmer.
How lufh and lufty the grafs looks ? how green ? Shak.
Lusk. adj. [lufehe, French.] Idle; lazy; worthlefs. Ditt.
Lu'skish. adj. [from lufk.] Somewhat inclinable to lazinefs
or indolence.
Lu'skishly. adv. [from lufkijh.] Lazily; indolently.
Lu'skishness. adv. [from lufkijh.] A difpofttion to lazinefs.
Spenfcr.
Luso'rioUS. adj. [luforius, Latin.] Ufed in play; fportive.
15 U Things
LUS L U T
Things more open to exception, yet unjuftly condemned
as unlawful; fuch as the luforious lots, dancing and ffageplays. jBifhof) Sanderjcn.
Lu'sory. adj. [luforius, Latin.] Ufed in play.
There might be many entertaining contrivances for the inftrudlion of children in geometry and geography, in fuch al¬
luring and lufory methods, which would make a moft agree¬
able and lasting impreflion. Watts’s Improvement ofthe Mind.
LUST. n.f. [luyr, Saxon ; luji, Dutch.]
1. Carnal defire. 1 j&u v.
This our court, infected with their manners,
Shews like a riotous inn, Epicurifm and luji
Make it more like a tavern or a brothel,
Than a grac’d palace* Sbakefpeare’s King Lear.
Luji, and rank thoughts. Sbakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
They are immoderately given to the luji of the flefh,
making no confcienCe to get baftards. Abbot.
When a temptation of luji aflaults thee, do not refill it by
difputing with it, but flie from it, that is,, think not at all of
it. Taylor’s holy Living.
2. Any violent or irregular defire.
1 will divide the fpoil j my luji lhall be fatified upon them.
Exod. xv. 9.
The ungodly, for his own luji, doth perfecute the poor :
let them be taken in the crafty wilinefs they imagined. Pfal.
Virtue was reprefented by Hercules : he is drawn offering
to ftrike a dragon; by the dragon are meant all manner of
lujis. Peacham on. Drawing.
All weigh our a£is, and whate’er feems unjuft.
Impute not to neceflity, but luji. Dryden’s Ind. Emp.
The luji' of lucre. Pope.
3. Vigour; adlive power. Not ufed.
Trees will grow greater, and bear better fruit, if you put
fait, or lees of wine, or blood, to the root: the caufe may
be, the increafing the luji or fpirit of the root. Bacon.
To Lust* v. n.
1. To defire carnally.
Inconstant man, that loveth all he faw,
And lujied after all that he did love. Rofcommon.
2. To defire vehemently.
Giving fometimes prodigally: not becaufe he loved them
to whom he gave, but becaufe he lujied to give. Sidney.
The Chriffian captives in chains could ho way move themfelves, if they Should unadvifedly luji after liberty. Knolles.
3. To lift; to like. Out of ufe.
Their eyes fwell with fatnefs; and they do evert what they
luji. PfA. lxxiii. 7.
4. To have irregular difpofitions.
The mixed multitude fell a lujiing; and the children of
Ifrael alfo wept, and faid, Who fhall give us flefh to eat ?
Num. xi. 4.
The fpirit that dwelleth in us lujleth to envy. Jam. iv. 5.
Lu'stful. adj. [luji full.]
1. Libidinous ; having irregular defifes.
Turning wrathful fire to lujijul heat,
With beaftly fin thought her to have defil’d. Fairy Wu.
There is no man that is intemperate or lujiful, but befides the guilt likewife ftains and obfcures his foul. Tiuotfn1.
2. Provoking to. fenfuality; inciting to lull.
Thence his lujiful orgies he enlarg’d. Milton.
Lu'stfully. adv. [from lujiful.] With fenfual concupiscence.
Lu'stfulness. n.f [from tuftful] Libidinoufnefs.
Lu'stihed. In.f. [from lujiy.] Vigourfprightlinefs; corLu'stihood. 3 poral ability. Not now in ufe.
A goodly perfonage.
Now in his frefheft flower of lujlyhed.
Fit to inflame fair lady with love’s rage. Fa. £hc.
Reafon and refpea;
Make livers pale, and lujiihoad dejected. Sbakefpeare.
I’ll prove it on his body;
pefpight his nice fence, and his adtive pradlice,
His May of youth and bloom cf lujiybood. Sbakefpeare.
Lu'stily. adv. [from lujiy.] Stoutly; with vigour; with
mettle. ( ^ju, . .
I determine to fight lujlily for him. Shakcfp. Henry V.
N°W, gentlemen.
Let’s tune, and to it lujlily a while. Sbakefpeare.
Barbarofla took upon him that painful journey, which the
old king lujlily performed. Knolles.
He has fought lujlily for her, and deferves her. Southern.
Lu'stiness. n.f [from lujiy.] Stoutnefs; fturdinefs; ftrength;
vigour of body.
Frefh Clarion being ready dight, ;
He with good fpeed began to take his flight,
Over the fields in his frank lujiinefs. Spenfer’s Muiopoimos.
Where there is fo great a prevention of the ordinary time,
it is the lujiinefs of the child; but when it is lefs, it is fome
indifpofition of the mother. Bacon’s Nat. Hiji. N°. 353.
Cappadocian flaves were famous for their lujiinefs, and be¬
ing in good liking, were fet on a ftall tp fhew the good habit
of their body, and made to play tricks before the buyers, to
fhew their activity and ftrength. Dryden's Perftus.
S' infer.
Ufed in
Garth.
Lat.j Ptt-
'rior.
Pope.
2.
Lu'stless. adj. [from luji.] Not vigorous; Weak.
Lu'sTkAL. adj. [hjlrale, french; lujlralis, Latin.]
purification.
His better parts by Injlral waves refin’d.
Mote pifte, and nearer to aethereal mind.
LustRA'tion. n.f. [luflretiion, French; lujiratio,
rification by water.
Job’s religious care.
His Tons affemblcs, whofe united prayer,
Like fWeet perfumes, from golden cenfors rife ;
He with divine lujirations fandlifies. Sandys’s Paraphrafe.
That fpirlts are corporeal feems a conceit derogative unto
himfelf, and fuch as he fhould rather labour to overthrow ;
yet thereby he eftablifheth the dodlrine of lujirations, amulets, ahd cfidfms. . Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. i.
What Were all their lujirations but fo many folemn puri¬
fying^, to render both themfelves and their facrifices accept¬
able iS tklf gods. South’s Sermons.
Should Id’s prieft command
A pilgrimage to Meroe’s burning fartd ;
Through defarts they wou’d feek the fecret fpring,
And holy water for lujiratidn bring. Dryden’s Juvenal.
By ardent pray’r, and clear lufration.
Purge the contagious fpots of humaii weaknefs j
Impure no mortal can behold Apollo. Prior.
Lu'stre. n. f. [lujire, French.]
1. Brightnefs; fplendour; glitter.
You have ohe eye left to fee fome mifehief ori him;
—Left it fee more prevent it; out, vile gelly; Where is
thy lujire flow ? Shakefpiare’s King Ledrc
To the foul time doth perfection give;
Ana adds frefh lujire to her beauty ftill. Daviese
The fcorching fun was mounted high.
In all its lujire, to the iioonday fky. Addifoh’s Ovid.
Pafs but fome fleeting years, and thefe poor eyes.
Where now without a boaft fome lujire lies ;
No longer fhall theft little honours keep.
But only Be of ufe to read or weep.
All nature laughs, the groves are frefh and fair,
The fun’s mild lujire warms the vital air.
A icohbe With lights.
Ridotta ftps, and dances till fhe fee
The doubling lujlrcs dance as quick as fhe. Pope’s Horace.
Eminence; renown.
His anceftors continued about four hundred years, rather
without obfeurity than With any great luftft. Wotton.
I ufed to Wonder how a man of birth and fpirit could en¬
dure to be wholly infignificant and obfeure in a foreign coun¬
try, when he might live With lujire in his own. Swift.
[From lujire, Fr. lujirum, Latin.] The fpace of five years.
Both of us have clofed the tenth lujire^ and it is high time
to determine how We fhall play the laft adl of the farce.
Bolihgbroke to Swift.
Lu'string. n.f. [from lujire.] A Alining filk; commonly
pronounced lutejiring.
Lustrous, adj. [from lujire.] Bright; fhining; luminous.
Noble heroes, my fword and yours are kin, good fparks
and lujlrous. Shakefp. All’s Well that ends well.
The more lujlrous the imagination is, it filleth and fixeth
the better. Bacon’s Nat. Hiji. N°. 956.
Lu'stwoRT. n.f. [luji and wort.] An herb.
Lu'sty. adj. [lujiig, Dutch.] Stout; vigorous; healthy; able
of body.
This lujiy lady came from Perfia late.
She with the Chriftians had encounter’d oft.
If lujiy love fhould go in quell of beauty.
Where fhould he find it fairer than in Blanch ?
We yet may fee the old man in a morning,
Lujiy as health, come ruddy to the field,
And there purfue the chafe.
Lu'tani'sV. h. f. [from lute.] One who plays
lute.
Luta'rious. adj. [lutarius, Latin.] Living in mud; of the
colour of mud.
A fcaly tortoife-fhell, of the lutarious kind. Grew.
LUTE. »./. [luth, lut, French.]
j. A llringed inflrument of mufick.
Orpheus with his lute made trees.
And the mountain tops that freeze.
Bow themfelves when he did fing. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
May mufl be drawn with a fweet and amiable counte¬
nance, upon his head a garland of rofes, in one hand a lute.
Peacham cn Drawing.
In a fadly pleafing flrain
Let the warbling lute complain. Pope’s St. Cacilia.
A lute firing Will bear a hundred weight without rupture,
but at the fame time cannot exert its elafticity. Arbuthnot.
Lands of finging, or of dancing flaves,
Lovc-whifp’ring woods, and lute refounding waves. Dune.
2. ['From lut, French; iutum, Lat.] Acompofition like clay,
with which chcmifts clofe up their veffeis.
4
Fairy §hi.
Shakefp.
Otway.
upon the
Some
LUX L Y Pv
Some temper lute, Tome fpacious veflels move,
Thefe furnaces ered, and thofe approve. _ Garth.
To Lute. v. a. [from the noun.] To clofe with lute, or che-
^Take^a veflel of iron, and let it have a cover of iron well
luted, after the manner of the chemifts. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Iron may be fo heated, that, being clofely luted in a glafs,
it fhall conftantly retain the fire. Wilkins’s Math. Magich
Lu'TULENT. adj. [lutulentus, Latin.] Muddy; turbid.
To Lux. \v. a. [luxer, French; luxo, Latin.] To put
To Lu'xate. ) out of joint; to disjoint.
He complained of extremity of pain, and fufpeded his
hip luxated. Wifeman’s Surgery
Conlider well the luxated joint, and which way it flipped
out; for it requireth to be returned in the fame manner.
Wifeman’s Surgery.
Defcending carelefs from his couch, the fall
Lux’d his joint neck, and fpinal marrow bruis’d. Philips.
Luxa'tion. n.f. [from luxo, Latin.]
1. The ad of disjointing.
2. Any thing disjointed.
The undue fifuation, or connexion of parts, in fradures
and luxations, are to be redified by chirurgical means. Flayer.
LUXE. n.f. [French, luxius, Lat.] Luxury; voluptuoufhefs.
The pow’r of wealth I try’d.
And all the various luxe of eoftly pride. Prior.
Luxuriance. \n.f [from luxurious, Latin.] Exuberance;
Luxu'riancy. J abundant or wanton plenty or growth.
A fungus prevents healing only by its luxuriancy. Wifeman.
Flowers grow up in the garden in the greateft luxuriancy
and profufion. Spectator, N°. 47.
While through the parting robe th’ alternate breaft
In full luxuriance rofe. Thomfon’s Summer.
Luxu'riant. adj. [luxurious, Lat.] Exuberant; fuperfluoufly
plenteous.
A fluent and luxuriant fpeech becomes youth well, but not
age. Bacon’s Effays.
The mantling vine gently creeps luxuriant. Milton.
If the fancy of Ovid be luxuriant, it is his character to be
fot Dryden’s Pref. to Ovid’s Epijlles.
Prune the luxuriant, th’ uncouth refine.
But fhow no mercy to an empty line. Pope.
*To Luxuriate, v. n. [luxurior, Latin.] To grow exube¬
rantly ; to fhoot with fuperfluous plenty.
Luxurious, adj. [luxurieux, Fr. luxuriofus, Latin.]
1. Delighting in the pleafures of the table.
2. Adminiftring to luxury.
The luxurious board. Anon.
3. Luftful; libidinous.
She knows the heat of a luxurious bed;
Her blufh is guiltinefs, not modefty. Shakefpeare.
I grant him bloody.
Luxurious, avaricious, falfe, deceitful. Shakefpeare.
4. Voluptuous; enflaved to pleafure.
Thofe whom laft thou faw’ft
In triumph, and luxurious wealth, are they
Firft feen in ads of prowefs eminent.
And great exploits ; but of true virtue void. Milton.
Luxurious cities, where the noife
Of riot afeends above their loftieft tow’rs. Milton.
5. Softening by pleafure.
Repel the Tufcan foes, their city feize,
Proted the Latians in luxurious eafe. Dryden.
6. Luxuriant; exuberant.
Till more hands
Aid us, the work under our labour grows
Luxurious by reftraint. Milton’s Par. Lojl, h. ix.
Luxuriously, adv. [from luxurious.] Delicioufly; voluptuoufly.
Hotter hours you have
Luxuriouf.y pick’d out. Shakefpeare.
Where mice and rats devour’d poetick bread,
And with heroick verfe luxurioufly were fed. Dryden.
He never fupt in folemn ftate ;
Nor day to night luxurioufly did join. Dryden.
LU’XURY. n.f. [luxure, old French; luxuria, Latin.]
1. Voluptuoufnefs ; addidednefs to pleafure.
Egypt with Aflyria ftrove
In wealth and luxury. Milton.
Riches expofe a man to pride and luxury, and a foolifh
elation of heart. Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 464.
2. Luff; lewdnefs.
Urge his hateful luxury,
His beftial appetite in change of luft,
Which ftretch’d unto their fervants, daughters, wives.
Shakefpeare’s Richard III.
3. Luxuriance; exuberance.
Young trees of feveral kinds fet contiguous in a fruitful
ground, with the very luxury of the trees will incorporate.
Bacon s Nat. Hifl. N°. 4791
4. Delicious fare.
He cut the fide of the rock for a garden, and by laying oh
it earth, furnifhed out a kind of luxury for a hermit. Addifon.
Ly. v. n. [A very frequent termination both of names of
places and of adjedives and adverbs : when ly terminates the
name of a place, it is derived from leaj, Saxon, a field ;
when it ends an adjedive or adverb, it is contradled from lick,
like; as, beajlly, heajllike ; plainly, plainlikc.']
Lyca'nthropy. n.f. [lycantropie, French; Avxxv and at/S^a7to?.] A kind of madnefs, in which men have the qualities of
wild beafts.
He fees like a man in his fleep, and grows as much the
wifer as the man that dreamt of a lycdnthropy, and was for
ever after wary not to come near a river. ‘Taylor.
Lyeke. adj. for like. Spcnfer.
Ly'ing, the participle of lie, whether it fignifies to he recum¬
bent, or to fpeak falfely, or otherwife.
They will have me whipt for fpeaking true, thou wilt have
me whipt for lying, and fometimes I am whipt for holding
my peace. Shakefpeare’s Ring Lear.
Many tears and temptations befal me by the lying in wait
of the Jews. Afisxx. 19*
Lymph, n.f. [lymphe, French; lympha, Lat.] Water; tranfparent colourlefs liquor.
When the chyle pafleth through the mefentery, it is mix¬
ed with the lymph, the moft fpirituous and elaborated part of
the blood. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Ly'mphated. adj. [lymphatus, Latin.] Mad. Died.
Ly'mphatick. n.f. [lymphatique, Fr. from lympha, Latin.]
The lymphaticks are flender pellucid tubes, whofe cavities
are contradled at fmall and unequal diftances : they are car¬
ried into the glands of the mefentery, receiving firft a fine
thin lymph from the lymphatick dudts, which dilutes the chy¬
lous fluid. Cheyne’s Phil. Principles.
Upon the death of an animal, the fpirits may fink into the
veins, or lymphaticks and glandules. Flayer.
Ly'mpheduct. n. f. [lympha and duSlus, Latin.] A veflel
which conveys the lymph.
The glands.
All artful knots, of various hollow threads,
Which lympheduRs, an art’ry, nerve, and vein,
Involv’d and clofe together wound, contain. Blackmore.
LYNX. n.f. [Latin.] A fpotted beaft, remarkable for fpeed
and fharp fight.
He that has an idea of a beaft with fpots, has but a corifufed idea of a leopard, it not being thereby fufficiently diftinguifhed from a lynx. Locke.
What modes of fight betwixt each wide extreme.
The mole’s dim curtain, and the linx’s beam. Pope.
Lyre. n.f. [lyre, French; lyra, Latin.] A harp; a mufical
inftrument to which poetry is, by poetical writers, fuppofed
to be fung.
With other notes then to th’ Orphean lyre. Milton.
My fofteft verfe, my darling lyre.
Upon Euphelia’s toilet lay. Prior.
He never touched his lyre in fuch a truly chromatick man¬
ner as upon that occafion. Arbuth. and Pope’s Mart. Scrib.
Lyr'ical. 1 adj. [lyricus, Latin; lyrique, French.] Pertaining
Ly'rick. J to an harp, or to odes or poetry fung to an
harp ; finging to an harp.
All his trophies hung and ads enroll’d
In copious legend, or fweet lyrick fong. Milton’s Agonift.
Somewhat of the purity of Englifh, fomewhat of more
equal thoughts, fomewhat of fweetnefs in the numbers; in
one word, fomewhat of a finer turn, aiid more lyrical verfe,
is yet wanting. Dryden.
The lute neglected, and the lyrick mufe.
Love taught my tears in faddet notes to flow',
And tun’d my heart to elegies of woe. Pope.
Ly'rick. n.f. A poet who writes fongs to the harp.
The greateft conqueror in this nation, after the manner of
the old Grecian lyricks, did not only compole the words of
his divine odes, but fet them to mufick himlelf. Addifon.
Ly'rist. [lyrijles, Latin.] A mufician who plays upon the
harp.
His tender theme the charming lyrijl chofe
Minerva’s anger, and the direful woes
Which voyaging from Troy the vidors bore. Pope.
/
*
M.
M.
MAC MAC
,1
Has, in Englifh, one unvaried found, by compreflion of the lips; as, mine, tame, camp : it
is never mute, w
Macaro'on. n.f [;macarone, Italian.] ,
i. A coarfe, rude, low fellow; whence macaronick poetry, in which the language is purpofely corrupted.
Like a big wife, at fight of lothed meat,
Ready to travail; fo I figh and fweat.
To hear this macaroon talk on in vain. Donne.
2. [Macaron, French, from juccxocg.] A kind of fweet bifcuit,
made of flower, almonds, eggs, and fugar.
Macaw-tree. n.f.
The macaw-tree is a fpecies of the palm-tree, and is very
common in the Caribbee iflands, where the negroes pierce
the tender fruit, whence ilfues a pleafant liquor, which they
are very fond of; and the body of the tree affords a folid
timber, with which they make javelins, arrows, &c. and is
fuppofed by fome to be a fort of ebony. Miller.
Maca'w. n.f. A bird in the Weft-Indies.
Mace. n.f. [magga, Saxon; rnapa, ftpanifh.]
1. An enfign of authority worn before magiftrates.
He mightily upheld that royal mace
Which now thou bear’ft. Fairy Khieen, b. ii.
Death with his ?nace petrifick fmote. Milton.
2. £Majfue, French; majfa, Latin.] A heavy blunt weapon;
a club of metal.
O murth’rous flumber!
Lay’ft thou thy leaden mace upon my boy
That plays thee mufick ? Shakefp. Julius Ceefar.
The Turkifh troops breaking in with their fcymitars and
heavy fron maces, made a moft bloody execution. Knolles.
With his mace their monarch ftruck the ground;
With inward trembling earth receiv’d the wound.
And rifing ftreams a ready paffage found. Dryden.
The mighty maces with fuch hafte defcend.
They break the bones, and make the folid armour bend.
Dryden's Knight's Dale.
3. [Mads, Latin.] A kind of fpice.
The nutmeg is inclofed in a threefold covering, of which
the fecond is mace: it is a thin and flat membranaceous fubftance, of an oleaginous, and a yellowifh colour : it has an
extremely fragrant, aromatick, and agreeable fmell, and a
pleafant, but acrid and oleaginous tafte. Mace is carmina¬
tive, ftomachick, and aftringent. Hill's Mat. Med.
Water, vinegar, and honey, is a moft excellent fudorifick:
it is more effectual with a little mace added to it. Arbuthnot.
Macea'le, n.f [mace and ale.] Ale fpiced with mace.
I prefcribed him a draught of maceale, with hopes to difpofe him to reft. IVifeman's Surgery.
Ma'cebearkr. n.f [mace and bear.] One who carries the
mace before perfons in authority.
I was placed at a quadrangular table, oppofite to the macebearer. Spectator, N°. 617.
To MA'CERATE. v. a. [macero, Latin; macerer, French.]
x. To make lean ; to wear away.
Recurrent pains of the ftomach, megrims, and other re¬
current head-aches, macerate the parts, and render the looks
of patients confumptive and pining. Harvey on Confumptions.
2. To mortify; to harrafs with corporal hardfhips.
Covetous men are all fools: for what greater folly can
there be, or madnefs, than for fuch a man to macerate himfelf when he need not ? Burton on Melancholy.
Out of an excels of zeal they pradife mortifications;
whereby they macerate their bodies, and impair their health.
Fiddes's Sertnons.
3. To ftecp almoft to folution, either with or without heat.
In lotions in womens cafes, he orders two portions of hel¬
lebore macerated in two cotylae of water. Arbuthnot.
MaceRa'tion. n.f [jmaceration, French; from macerate.]
The ad of wafting, or making lean.
corporal hardfhip.
an infulion either with or without heat,
4
2. Mortification
3. Maceration
wherein the ingredients are intended to be almoft wholly diffolved. Pjuincj.
The faliva ferves for a maceration and diffolution of the
meat into a chyle. Ray on Creation.
Ma'chinal. adj. [from machina, Latin.] Relating to ma¬
chines. Didt.
To MA'CHINATE. v. a. [machinor, Latin; machinery Fr.]
To plan ; to contrive.
Machina'tion. n.f. [machinatioy Lat. machination, French;
from machinate.] Artifice ; contrivance; malicious fcheme.
If you mifearry.
Your bufmefs of the world hath fo an end.
And machination ceafes. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
O from their machinations free.
That would my guiltlefs foul betray;
From thofe who in my wrongs agree.
And for my life their engines lay. Sandys'^s Paraphrafe.
Some one intent on mifehief, or infpir’d
With dev’lifh tnachination, might devife
Like inftrument, to plague the fons of men
For fin; on war, and mutual daughter bent. Milton.
Be fruftrate all ye ftratagems of hell.
And devilifh machmations come to nought. Milt. Par. Reg.
How were they zealous in refped to their temporal gover¬
nors ? Not by open rebellion, not by private machinations;
but in bleffing and fubmitting to their emperors, and obeying
them in all things but their idolatry. Spratt’s Sermons.
MACHI'NE. n.f [machina, Latin; machine, French. This
word is pronounced majheen.]
1. Any complicated piece of workmanfhip.
We are led to conceive this great machine of the world to
have been once in a ftate of greater fimplicity, as to conceive
a watch to have been once in its firft materials. Burnet.
In a watch’s fine machine.
The added movements which declare
How full the moon, how old the year.
Derive their fecundary pow’r
From that which fimply points the hour. Prior.
2. An enmne.
O
Did.
is
In the hollow fide,
Selected numbers of their foldiers hide;
With inward arms the dire machine they load.
And iron bowels fluff the dark abode. Dryden.
3. Supernatural agency in poems.
The marvellous fable includes whatever is fupernatural,
and efpecially the machines of the gods. Pope.
Machinery, n. f. [from machine.]
1. Enginery; complicated workmanfhip ; felf-moved engines.
2- The machinery fignifies that part which the deities, angels,
or demons, a£f in a poem. Pope's Rape of the Lock.
Machinist, n.f. [machinejle, French ; from machina, Latin.]
A conftrutftor of engines or machines.
Ma'cilency. n.f. [from macilent.] Leannefs.
MA'CILENT. adj. [macilentus, Latin.] Lean.
JVIa Cis-EREL. n.f. [mackereel, Dutch ; maipuereau, French.] A
fea-fifh.
Some fifh are gutted, fplit, and kept in pickle; as whiting
and mackerel. Carezv's Survey of Cornwall.
Law ordered that the Sunday fhould have reft ;
And that no nymph her noify food fhould fell.
Except it were new milk or mackarel. King's Art of Cookery.
Sooner fhall cats difport in water clear.
And fpeckled mackrels graze the meadows fair,
Than I forget my fhepherds wonted love. Gay's Pajlorals.
Mackerel-gale feems to be, in Dryden s cant, a ftrong
breeze, fuch, I fuppofe, as is defined to brino- mackerel frefh
to market.
They put up every fail,
The wind was fair, but blew a mackrel gale. Dryden.
Ma'crocosm. n.f. [macrocofne, French ; juaxpo? and xotr//.cj.j
The whole world, or vifible fyftem, in oppolition to the inicrocofm, or world of man.
Macta'tiqn.
MAD
MACTA'TION. 1-f [madam, Latin.] The afl of killing for
facrifice. . ,
MACULA, n.f. [Latin.J
1 ’ ' And laffly, the bocty of the fun may contra<£t fome fPots
nr macula greater than ufual, and by that means be darkenI Burnet’s ’Theory of the Earth.
2 ^in phyfick.] Any fpots upon the {kin, whether thofe in
2’ fevers or fcorbutick habits. .
To Ma'culate. v.a. [macula, Lat.] Toftain; to fpot.
Macuea'tion. n.f. [from maculate.] Stain; fpot; taint.
I will throw my glove to death himfelf.
That there’s no maculation in thy heart. Shakefpeare.
Ma'cule. n.f [macula, Latin.] A fpot; a ftain.
MAD. adj. {gemaad, Saxon; motto, Italian.]
i Difordered in the mind ; broken in the underftanding; diltra&ed.
Alack, Sir, he is mad.
_>Tis the time’s plague when madmen lead the blind.
Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
The poets fung,
Thy mother from the fea was fprung ;
But they were mad to make thee young. Denham.
We mutt bind our paffions in chains, left like mad-folks
they break their locks and bolts, and do all the mifehief they
Tlylor’s JVorthy Communicant.
A bear, enrag’d at the flinging of a bee, ran like mad into
the bee-garden, and over-turn’d all the hives. L’EJlrange.
Madmen ought not to be mad'.
But who can help his frenzy ? Dryden's Span. Fryar.
2. Over-run with any violent or unreafonable defire; with on,
after, of, perhaps betterfor, before the objeft of defire.
It is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon
their idols. Jer-}- 3^-
The world is running mad after farce, the extremity ot
bad Doetrv, or rather the judgment that is fallen upon dramatick waiting. Dryden’s Pref. to Clcomenes.%
The people are not fo very mad of acorns, but that they
could be content to eat the bread of civil perfons. Rymer.
q Enraged; furious.
J Holy writ reprefents St. Paul as making havock of the
church, and perfecuting that way unto the death, and being
exceedingly mad againft them. Decay of Piety.
To Mad. v.a. [from the adjective.] To make mad; to make
furious ; to enrage.
O villain ! cried out Zelmane, madded with hireling an
unlooked-for rival. Sidney, h. ii.
Had I but feen thy picture in this plight.
It would have madded me. Shakefp. Titus Andronicus.
This will witnefs outwardly.
As ftrongly as the confcience do’s within,
To th’ madding of her lord. Shakefp. CymheUne.
This mufick mads me, let it found no more ;
For though it have help’d madmen to their wits,
In me, it feems, it will make wifemen mad. Shakefpeare.
This mads me, that perhaps ignoble hands
Have overlaid him, for they cou’d not conquer. Dryden.
To Mad. v.n. To be mad ; to be furious.
The madding wheels
Of brazen chariots rag’d : dire was the noife
Of conflict! Milton’s Par. Loft, b. vi.
She, mixing with a throng
Of madding matrons, bears the bride along. Dryden.
Mad. n.f. [ma^u, Saxon.] An earth worm. Ainf.
Ma'daM. n.f [ma dame, French, my dame.] The term of
compliment ufed in addrefs to ladies of every degree.
Certes, madam, ye have great caufe of plaint. Spenfer.
Madam, once more you look and move a queen !
Philips's DijlreJl Mother.
Ma'dbrain. 7 adj. [mad and brain.] Difordered in the
Ma'dbrained. j mind ; hotheaded.
I give my hand oppos’d againft my heart,
Unto a madbrain Rudefby, full of fplcen. Shakefpeare.
He let fall his book,
And as he {loop’d again to take it up.
This madbrahid bridegroom took him fuch a cuff.
That down fell prieft and book. Shakefpeare.
This fell tempeft {hall not ceafe to rage,
Until the golden circuit on my head,
Like to the glorious fun’s tranfparent beams,
Dq calm the fury of this madbrain’d flaw. Shakefpeare.
Ma'dcap. n.f [mad and cap-, either taking the cap for the
head, or alluding to the caps put upon diftradted perfons by
way of diftineftion.] A madman; a wild hotbrained fellow.
7 That laft is Biron, the merry madcap lord;
Not a word with him but a jeft. Shakefpeare.
Where is his fon,
The nimble-footed madcap prince of Wales,
And his comrades, that daft the world afide,
And bid it pafs. Shakefpeare s Henry IV,
M A G
To Ma'dden. v. n. [from mad.] To become mad; to adt as
mad.
The dog-ftar rages, nay ’tis paft a doubt.
All Bedlam or Parnaflus is let out;
Fire in each eye, and papers in each hand.
They rave, recite, and madden round the land. Pope,
To Ma'dden. v. a. To make mad.
Such mad'ning draughts of beauty,
As for a while overwhelm’d his raptur’d thought. Thbmfon.
Ma'dder. n.f. [ma&epe, Saxon.]
The flower of the jnadcler confifts of one Angle leaf, which
is cut into four or five fegments, and expanded at the top;
the flower-cup afterwards becomes a fruit, compofcd of two.
juicy berries clofely joined together, containing feed for the
rnoft part, hollowed like a navel; the leaves are rough, and
furround the ftalks in whorles. Miller..
Madder is cultivated in vaft quantities in Holland : what
the Dutch fend over for medicinal ufe is the root, which is
only dried; but the greateft quantity is ufed by the dyers,
who have it fent in coarle powder. HilL
Made, participle preterite of niake.
Neither hath this man finned, nor his parents ; but that
the works of God ftiould be made manifeft. John ix. 3,
Madefa'ction. n.f. [madefacio, Latin.] The adt of making
wet.
To all rnadefaRion there is required an imbibition. Bacon.
To Ma'defy. v. a. [madefio, Latin.] To moiften ; to make
wet.
Madcehowlet. n.f. An owl. Ainf
Ma'dhouse. n. f. [mad and hoilfe.] A houfe where madmen
are cured or confined.
A fellow in a madhoufe being afked how he came there ?
why, fays he, the mad-folks abroad are too many for us, and
fo they have mattered all the fober people, and cooped them
up here. _ L’EJlrangei
Ma'dly. adv. [from mad.] Without underftanding; furioufly.
He wav’d a torch aloft, and madly vain.
Sought godlike worfhip from a fervile train. Dryden.
Ma'dman. n.f. [?nad and man.] A man deprived of his un¬
derftanding.
They {hall be like madmen, fparing none, but ftill fparting. 2 Efd. xvi. 71.
He that eagerly purfues any thing, is no better than a mad¬
man. " L’EJlrange.
He who ties a madman’s hands, or takes away his fword,
loves his perfon while he difarms his frenzy. South’s Sermons.
Ma'dness. n.f. [from mad-]
1. Diftradtion; lofs of underftanding; perturbation of the fa¬
culties.
Why, woman, your hufband is in his old tunes again : he
fo rails againft all married mankind, fo curfes all Eve’s daugh¬
ters, and fo buffets himfelf on the forehead, that any madnefs I ever yet beheld feemed but tamenefs and civility to tnis
diftemper. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
There are degrees of madnefs as of folly, the diforderly jum¬
bling ideas together, in fome more, fome lels. Locket
2. Fury; wildnefs; rage.
Tire power of God fets bounds to the raging of the fea,
and reftrains the madnefs of the people. King Charles.
He rav’d with all the madnefs of defpair.
He roar’d, he beat his breaft, and tore his hair. Dryden). ^
Madri'er. n.f.
Madrier, in war, a thick plank armed with iron plates,-
having a cavity fufficient to receive the mouth of the petard
when charged, with which it is applied againft a gate, or
other thing intended to be broken down. Baitey.
Ma'drigal.. n.f. [madrigal, Spanifh and French, from mandra, Latin ; whence it was written anciently mandriale,
Italian.] A paftoral fong.
A madrigal is a little amorous piece, which contains a cer¬
tain number ©f unequal verfes, not tied to the fcrupulous re¬
gularity of a fonnet, or fubtilty of an epigram : it confifts
of one fingle rank of verfes, and in that differs from a can¬
zonet, which confifts of feveral ftrophes, which return in the
fame order and number. Batiey.
Waters, by whofe falls
Birds fing melodious madrigails. Shakefpeare*
His artful {trains have oft delay’d
The huddling brook to hear his madrigal. _ Milton.
Their tongue is light and trifling in comparifon of the
Englifh ; more proper for fonnets, madrigals, and elegies,
than heroick poetry. Dryden.
Ma'dwort. n.f. [?nad and wort.] An herb.
Myere. adv. It is derived from the Saxon map, famous, great,
noted: fo aimere is all famous; cethelmere, famous for no¬
bility. Gibfon’s Camden»
To MA'FFLF.. v. n. To Hammer. Ainf.
Maffler. n.f. [from the Verb.] A ftammerer. Ainf.
Mag azi'ne. n.f. [magazine, French, from the Arablck machfan, a treafure.]
15 X 3. A ftorfc-
M A G MAG
I.A llorehoufe, commonly an arfcnal or armoury, or rcpofitory of provifions.
If it fhould appear fit to beftow (hipping in thofe harbours,
it (ball be very needful that there be a magazine of all ncceffary provifions and munitions. Raleigh's EJJ'ays.
Plain heroick magnitude of mind ;
Their armories and magazines contemns. Miltori s Agonijl.
Some o’er the publick magazines prefide,
And fome are fent new forage to provide. Drydcn's Virg.
Ufeful arms in magazines we place,
All rang’d in order, and difpofed with grace. Pope.
His head v/as fo well ftored a magazine, that nothing could
be propofed which he was not mafter of. Locke.
1. Of late this word has fignified a mifcellaneous pamphlet,
from a periodical mifcellany named the Gentleman's Maga¬
zine, by Edward Cave.
Mage. n.J [magus, Latin.] A magician. Spenfer.
MA'GGOT. n.f. [magrody Weifir ; millepeda, Latin ; ma?u,
Saxon.]
1. A fmall grub, which turns in‘o a fly.
Out of the Tides and back of the common caterpillar we
have fcen creep out fmall jnaggots. Ray on Creation.
From the lore although the infedf flies,
It leaves a brood of maggots in difguife. Garth's Difpenf.
2, Whimfy; caprice; odd fanfy.
Taffata phrafes, filken terms precife,
Three-pil’d hyperboles, fpruce affedfation,
Figures pedantical, thefe fummer flies,
Have blown me full of maggot oftentation:
I do forfwear them.
Henceforth my wooing mind (hall be expreft
In ruifet yeas, and honeft kerfy noes. Shakefpeare.
To reconcile our late diffenters.
Our breth’ren though by other venters.
Unite them and their different maggots,
As long and (hort flicks are in faggots. Hudibras, p. iii.
She pricked his maggot, and touched him in the tender
point; then he broke out into a violent paflron. Arbuthnot.
Ma'ggottiness. n.f. [from maggotty.] The ftate of abound¬
ing with maggots*
Ma'ggotty. adv. [from maggot.]
1. Full of maggots.
2. Capricious ; whimfical.
To pretend to work out a neat fcheme of thoughts with a
maggotty unfettled head, is as ridiculous as to think to
write ftrait in a jumbling coach. Norris's Mifcel.
Ma'gical. n.f. [from magick.~\ Adling, or performed by fecret and inviiible powers, either of nature, or the agency of
fpirits.
I’ll humbly fignify what, in his name.
That magical word of war, we have effected. Shakefp.
They beheld unveiled the magical Ihield of your Ariofto,
which dazzled the beholders with too much brightnefs; they
can no longer hold up their arms. Dryden.
By the ufe of a looking-glafs, and certain attire made of
cambrick, upon her head, (he attained to an evil art and ’ma¬
gical force in the motion of her eyes. Tatler, N°. no.
Ma'gically. adv. [from magical.] According to the rites of
magick.
In the time of Valens, divers curious men, by the falling
of a ring magically prepared, judged that one Theodorus
fhould fucceed in the empire. Camden.
MA'GICK. n.f. [tnagia, Latin.]
1. The art of putting in adtion the power of fpirits: it was
fuppofed that both good and bad fpirits were fubjedf to ma¬
gick ; yet magick was in general held unlawful ; forcery;
enchantment.
She once being looft,
The noble ruin of her magick, Antony,
Claps on his fea-wing. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
What charm, what magick, can over-rule the force of all
thefe motives. Rogers.
2. The fecret operations of natural powers.
The writers of natural magick do attribute much to the
virtues that come from the parts of living creatures-, as if
they did infufe fome immaterial virtue into the part fevered.
Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Ma'gick. adj. Adling or doing by powers fuperior to the
known power of nature; incarnating; necromantick.
Upon the corner of the moon
There hangs a vap’rous drop, profound;
I’ll catch it ere it come to ground :
And that diftill’d by magick flights
Shall raife fuch artificial fprights.
As by the ftrength of their illufion,
Shall draw him on to his confufion. Shakefp. Macbeth.
And the brute earth would lend her nerves, and (hake
Till all thy magick ftrudlurcs rear'd fo high,
Were fhatter’d into heaps. Milton.
Like caftles built by magick art in air,
That vanifh at approach, fuch thoughts appear. Granville.
Magi'cian. n.f. [magicus, Latin.] One (killed in magick;
an enchanter ; a necromancer.
What black magician conjures up this fiend,
To flop devoted charitable deeds. Shakefp. Rich. III.
An old magician, that did keep
Th’ Hefperian fruit, and made the dragon deep ;
Her potent charms do troubled fouls relieve.
And, where (he lifts, makes calmed fouls to grieve. IValler.
There are millions of truths that a man is not concerned
to know; as, whether Roger Bacon was a mathematician,
or a magician. Locke.
Magisterial, adj. [from magiflery Latin.]
1. Such as fuits a mafter.
Such a frame of government is paternal, not magi/lerial.
King Charles.
He bids him attend as if he had the rod over him ; and
ufes a magi/lerial authority while he inftrudts him. Dryden.
2. Lofty ; arrogant; proud ; infolent; defpotick.
We are not magi/lerial in opinions, nor, dictator like, ob¬
trude our notions on any man. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Pretences go a great way with men that take fair words,
and magi/lerial looks, for current payment. L'EJlrange.
Thofe men are but trapanned who are called to govern,
being invefted with authority, but bereaved of power j which
is nothing elfe but to mock and betray them into a fplendid
and magi/lerial way of being ridiculous. South's Seim.
3. Chemically prepared, after the manner of a magiftery.
Of corals are chiefly prepared the powder ground upon a
marble, and the magi/lerial fait, to good purpofe in fome fe¬
vers : the tincture is no more than a folution of the magiJlerial fait. Grew's Mufceum.
Masiste'rially. n.f. [from magi/lerial.] Arrogantly; with
an air of authority.
A downright advice may be.miftaken, as if it were fpokefn
magi/lerially. Bacon’s Advice to Litters.
Over their pots and pipes, claiming and engrofting all
thefe wholly to themfelves; magi/lerially cenfuring the wif-
. dom of all antiquity, fcoffing at all piety, and new modelling
the world. South’s Sermons.
MagisteRialness. n. f. [from magi/lerial.] Haughtinefs j
airs of a mafter.
Peremptorinefs is of two forts; the one a magi/lerialnefs irt
matters of opinion, the other a pofitivenefs in relating mat¬
ters of fad!: in the one we impofe upon mens underftandings, in the other on their faith. Government of the Tongue.
Ma'gistery. n.f. [magi/lerium, Latin.]
Magiflery is a term made ufe of by chemifts to fignify
fometimes a very fine powder, made by folution and precipi¬
tation ; as of bifmuth, lead, See. and fometimes refins and
refinous fubftances ; as thofe ofjalap, fcamony, See. but the
moft genuine acceptation is to exprefs that preparation of any
body, wherein the whole, or moft part, is, by the addition
of fomewhat, changed into a body of quite another kind ; as
when iron or copper is turned into cryftals of Mars or VenUo Quincy.
Paracehus extradfeth the magiflery of wine, expofino- it
unto the extremity ot cold; whereby the aqueous parts will
freeze, but the fpirit be uncongealed in the centre. Brown.
The magiflery of vegetables confifts but of the more foluble and coloured parts of the plants that afford it. Boyle.
IVIa gistracy. n.f. [magi/lratus3 Latin.] Office or dio-nity
of a magiftrate.
You (hare the world, her magi/lracieSy priefthoods,
Wealth, and felicity, amongft you, friends. B.Johnfon.
He had no other intention but to diffwade men from magl/lracy, or undertaking the publick'offices of ftate. Browne.
Some have difputed even againft magi/lracy itfelf. Atterbury.
Duelling is not only an ufurpation of the divine preroga¬
tive, but it is an iniult upon magi/lracy and good govern-
, /rrn,eilt* . ‘ Clari/fa.
IVIa gistrally. adv. [magi/lraliSy low Latin.] Defpotically •
authoritatively ; magifterially. J *
What a preemption is this for one, who will not allow
liberty to others, to aftinne to himfelf fuch a licenfe to controul fo magi/lrally. ' ~
MAGISTRATE. «.
invefted with
the laws.
They chufe their magijlrate !
And fuch a one as he, who puts his (hall.
His popular (hall, againft a graver bench
Than ever frown’d in Greece. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
I treat here of thofe legal punilhments which magi/lrates inflidf upon their difobedient lubjedfs. Decay of Piety.
Magna'lity. n.J. [magnaliay Latin.] A great thing; fomething above the common rate. Not ufed.
I 00 greedy of magnalities, we make but favourable expe¬
riments concerning welcorhe truths. Broivn’s Vulgar Errours.
Magnanimity, n.f. [magnanimity French; magnanimus,
Latin.] Greatnefs of mind ; bravery; elevation of foul.
With deadly hue, an armed corfe did lye.
In whofe dead face he read great magnanimity. Fa. Qu.
Let
f [magi/lratusy Latin.] A man pubauthority; a governour; an executor of
MAG MAG
/.
Let but the aCts of the ancient Jews be but indifferently
weighed, from whole magnanimity, in caufes of moft extreme
hazard, thofe ftrange and unwonted refolutions have grown,
which, for all circumftances, no people under the roof of
heaven did ever hitherto match. Hooker, b. v.
They had enough reveng’d, having reduc’d
Their foe to mifery beneath their fears,
The reft was magnanitnity to remit.
If fome convenient ranfom was propos’d. Milton's Agonijl:
Exploding many things under the name of trifles, is a very
falfe proof either of wifdom or magnanimity, and a great
check to virtuous aCtions with regard to fame. Swift
Ma GNA'nimous. adj. [magnanimus, Latin.] Great of mind;
elevated in fentiment; brave.
To give a kingdom hath been thought
Greater and nobler done, and to lay down
Far more magnanimous, than to affume. Milton's Tar. Reg.
• In ftrength
All mortals I excell’d, and great in hopes,
With youthful courage and magnanimous thoughts
Of birth from heaven foretold, and high exploits. Milton.
Magnanimous induftry is a refolved afliduity and care,
anfwerable to any weighty work. Grew's Cofmol.
Magnanimously, adv. [from magnanimous.] Bravely; with
greatnefs of mind.
A complete and generous education fits a man to perform
juftly, fkilfully, and magnanimoufly, all the offices of peace
and war. Milton on Education.
MA'GNET. n.f. [magnes, Latin.] Thelodeftone; the ftone
that attracts iron.
Two magnets, heav’n and earth, allure to blifs,
The larger loadjlone that, the nearer this. Dryden.
It may be reasonable to afk, whether obeying the magnet
be effential to iron ? Locke.
MaGNE'TICAL. ) rr ~ n
Magne'tick. H‘ U "
r. Relating to the magnet.
Review this whole magnetick fcheme. Blackmore.
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by confequence nine¬
teen times rarer, than gold ; and gold is fo rare as very rea¬
dily, and without the leaft oppofition, to tranfmit the tnagnetick effluvia, and eafily to admit quickfilver into its pores,
and to let water pafs through it. Newton's Opticks.
2. Having powers correspondent to thofe of the magnet.
The magnet ails upon iron through all denfe bodies not
magnetick, nor red hot, without any diminution of its virtue;
as through gold, Silver, lead, glafs, water. Newton's Opt.
3. Attractive; having the power to draw things diftant.
The moon is magnetical of heat, as the fun is of cold and
moifture. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
She fhould all parts to reunion bow;
She, that had all magnetick force alone,
To draw and fallen hundred parts in one. Donne.
They, as they move tow’rds his all-chearing lamp,
Turn fwift their various motions, or are turn’d
By his magnetick beam. Milton's Par. Loft, b. iii.
4. Magnetick is once ufed by Milton for magnet.
Draw out with credulous defire, and lead
At will the manlieft, refoluteft breaft,
As the magnetick hardeft iron draws. Milton's Par. Reg.
Ma'gnetism. n.f [from magnet.] Power of the loadftone;
power of attraction.
Many other magnetifms, and the like attractions through
all the creatures of nature. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b.u.
By the magnetifm of intereft our affections are irrefiftably
attrafted. Glanvilie's Seep.
Magnifi'able. adj. [from magnify.] To be extolled or praifed.
Unulual.
Number, though wonderful in itfelf, and fufficiently magnifiable from its demonftrable afFeCtion, hath yet received
adjeCtions from the multiplying conceits of men. Brown.
MagniFical. 1 adj. [;magnificus, Latin.] Illuftrious ; grand;
Magni'fick. J great; noble.
The houfe that is to be budded for the Lord mull be ex¬
ceeding magnif.cal of fame and glory throughout all countries.
1 Chron. xxii. 5.
Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, pow’rs !
If thefe magnfck titles yet remain,
Not merely titular. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. v.
O parent! thefe are thy magnfck deeds ;
Thy trophies ! Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Magnificence, n.f. [;magnfeentia, Lat.] Grandeur of ap¬
pearance ; fplendour.
This defert foil
Wants not her hidden luftre, gems, and gold,
Nor want we fkill or art, from whence to raife
Magnificence. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ii.
Not Babylon,
Nor great Alcairo, fuch magnificence
Equall’d in all their glories to infhrine
Belus or Serapis, their gods; or feat
Their kings, when Egypt with Affyria drove
In wealth and luxury. Milton's Par. Lojl, l i
One may obferve more fplendour and magnificence in parti¬
cular perfons houfes In Genoa, than in thofe that bclon? to
the publick. Addifion on Italy.
Magnificent, adj. [magnificus, Latin.]
1. Grand in appearance ; fplendid ; pompous.
Man he made, and for him built
Magnificent this world. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
It is fuitable to the magnificent harmony of the univerfe,
that the fpecies of creatures fhould, by gentle degrees, afeend
upward from us toward his perfection, as we lee they gra¬
dually defeend from us downwards. Locke.
Immortal glories in my mind revive.
When Rome’s exalted beauties I defery.
Magnificent in piles of ruin lie. Addifion.
2. Fond of fplendour; fetting greatnefs to fhew.
If he were magnificent, he fpent much with an ifpiring in¬
tent : if he fpared, he heaped much with an afpiring intent.
*«- Sidney, b. ii.
Magnificently, adv. [frommagnificent.] Pompoufiy; fplendidlv,
J
Beauty a monarch is,
Which kingly power magnificently proves,
By crouds of Haves and peopled empiie’s loves. Dryden:.
We can never conceive too highly qf God ; fo neither too
magnificently of nature, his handy-work. Grew's Cofmol.
MAGNIFICO. n. fi. [Italian.] A grandee of Venice.
The duke himfelf, and the magnificoes
Of greateft port, have all proceeded with him. Shakefip.
Ma'gnifier. n.f. [from magnify.]
1. One that praifes ; an encomiaft; an extoller.
The primitive magnifiers of this ftar were the Egyptians,’
who notwithstanding chiefly regarded it in relation to their
river Nilus. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
2. A glafs that encreafes the bulk of any objeCt.
To MA'GNIFY. v. a. [;magnifico, Latin.]
1. To make great; to exaggerate; to amplify; to extol;
The ambaffador, making his oration, did fo magnify the
king and queen, as was enough to glut the hearers.* Bacon.
2. To exalt; to elevate ; to raife in estimation.
Greater now in thy return,
Than from the giant-angels: thee that day
Thy thunders magnify'd, but to create
Is greater than created to deftroy. Milt. Par. Lojl, b. vii.
3. To raife in pride or pretenfion.
He fhall exalt and magnify himfelf above every god. Dan.
If ye will magnify yourfelves againil me, know now that
God hath overthrown me. Job xix. 5.
He fhall magnify himfelf in his heart. Dan. viii. 25.
4. To encreafe the bulk of any object to the eye.
How thefe red globules would appear, if glaffes could be
found that could magnify them a thoufand times more, is un¬
certain. Locke.
By true reflection I would fee my face \
Why brings the fool a magnifying glafs \ Granville.
The greateft magnifying glalies in the world are a man’s
eyes, when they look upon his own perfon. Pope.
As things feem large which we through mifts defery,
Dulnefs is ever apt to magnify. Pope's EJfay on Criticifin.
5. A cant word for to have eJfeCt.
My governefs allured my father I had wanted for nothing ;
that I was almoft eaten up with the green-ficknefs : but this
magnified but little with my father. Spectator, N°. 432.
Magnitude, n.f. [magnitude, Latin.]
1. Greatnefs ; grandeur.
With plain heroick magnitude of mind^
And celeftial vigour arm’d.
Their armories and magazines contemns. Milt. Agonijl.
2. Comparative bulk.
This tree hath no extraordinary magnitude, touching the
trunk or Item ; it is hard to find any one bigger than the
reft. Raleigh's HiJl. of the World.
Never repofe fo much upon any man’s fingle counfel, fide¬
lity, and diferetion, in managing affairs of the firft magnitude,
that is, matters of religion and juftice, as to create in yourfelf, or others, a diffidence of your own judgment. K. Charles.
When I behold this goodly frame, this world,
Of heav’n and earth confifting ; and compute
Their magnitudes’, this earth a fpot, a grain,
An atom, with the firmament compar’d. Milt. Par. Lojl.
Convince the world that you’re devout and true ;
Whatever be your birth, you’re fure to be
A peer of the firft magnitude to me. Drydeh's Juv.
Conceive thefe particles of bodies to be fo difpofed amon?ft
themfelves, that the intervals of empty fpaces between them
may be equal in magnitude to them all; and that thefe parti¬
cles may be compofed of other particles much fmaller, which
have as much empty fpace between them as equals all the
magnitudes of thefe fmaller particles. Newton's Opticks.
Macpis*.
M A I
Ma'gpie. n: f. [from pic, pica, Latin, and mag, contracted
from Margaret, as phil is ufed to a fparrow, and poll to a
parrot.] A bird fometimes taught to talk.
Augurs, that underftood relations, have
By magpies and by choughs, and rooks brought forth
The fecret’ft man of blood. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Diflimulation is expreffed by a lady wearing a vizard of
two faces, in her right-hand a magpie, which Spenfer defcribed looking through a lattice. Peacham on Drcaving.
So have I feen in black and white,
A prating thing, a magpie height,
Majeftically ftalk ;
A ftately, worthlefs animal,
That plies the tongue, and wags the tail,
All flutter, pride, and talk. Swift.
Ma'g ydare, n. f. [magudaris, Lat.] An herb. Ainf.
MALDEN. } *'/ [maeben, maegben, Saxon, maegd, Dutch.]
1. An unmarried woman ; a virgin.
Your wives, your daughters.
Your matrons, and your maids, could not All up
The ciftern of my luft. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
This is a man old, wrinkl’d, faded, wither’d.
And not a maiden, as thou fay’ft he is. Shakefpeare.
I am not folely led
By nice direction of a maiden's eyes. Shakefpeare.
She employed the refxdue of her life to repairing of high¬
ways, building of bridges, and endowing of maidens. Carew.
Your deluded wife had been a maid;
Down on the bridal bed a maid fhe lay,
A maid fhe rofe at the approaching day. Dryden s Juv.
Let me die, fhe faid.
Rather than lofe the fpotlefs name of maid. Dryden.
2. A woman fervant.
My maid Neriffa and myfelf, mean time,
Will live as maids and widows. Shakefp. Merch. of Vmice.
Old Tancred vifited his daughter’s bow’r;
Her cheek, for fuch his cuftom was, he kifs’d.
Then blefs’d her kneeling, and her maids difmifs’d. Dryd.
Her clofet and the gods fhare all her time.
Except when, only by fome maids attended,
She feeks fome fhady folitary grove. Rowe.
A thoufand maidens ply the purple loom.
To weave the bed, and deck the regal room. Prior.
3. Female. ..
If fhe bear a maid child. Lev. xu. 5*
Maid. n. f. A fpecies of fkate Afh.
Ma'iden. adj.
j. Conftfting of virgins.
Nor was there one of all the nymphs that rov’d
O’er Maenalus, amid the maiden throng
More favour’d once. Addifon's Ovid's Metamorph.
2. Frefh ; new; unufed ; unpolluted.
He flefhed his maiden fword. Shakefpeare.
When I am dead, ftrew me o’er
With maiden flowers, that all the world may know,
I was a chafle wife to my grave. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
By this maiden bloflbm in my hand
I fcorn thee and thy fafhion. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Maidenhair, n.f. [maiden and hair.] This plant is a native
of the fouthern parts of France and in the Mediterranean,
where it grows on rocks, and old ruins, from whence it is
brought for medicinal ufe.
June is drawn in a mantle of dark grafs green, upon his
head a garland of bents, king’s-cup, and maidenhair. Peach.
Ma'idenhead. 1
Ma'idenhode. >n.f. [from maiden.]
Maidenhood. J
j. Virginity; virgin purity; freedom from contamination.
And, for the modeft lore of maidenhood,
Bids me not fojourn with thefe armed men.
Oh whither fhali I fly ? what fecret wood
Shall hide me from the tyrant ? or what den. Fairfax.
She hated chambers, clofets, fecret mewes.
And in broad Aelds preferv’d her maidenhead. Fairfax.
Example, that fo terrible fhews in the wreck of maiden¬
hood,, cannot for all that diffuade fucceffion, but that they are
limed with the twigs that threaten them. _ Skakejpeare.
Maidenhood foot loves, and wi!3 be fwift
To aid a virgin. , „ _. M,Um•
2. Newners; frefhnefs; uncontaminated Bate. 1 his is now
become a low word.
The devil and mifchance look big
Upon the maidenhead of our affairs. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Some who attended with much expectation, at their Arft
appearing have ftained the maidenhead of their credit with
fome negligent performance. IVotton.
Hope’s chafte kifs wrongs no joys maidenhead,
Then fpoufal rites prejudge the marriage-bed. Craftaw.
Ma'idenlip. n.f. An herb. Atnf.
Ma'idenly. adj. [maiden and like.] Like a maid; gentle, modeft, timorous, decent. .
5Tis not maidenly 1
M A I ,
Our fex as well as I may chide you for it. Shakefpeare.
Come, you virtuous afs, and bafhful fool; muft you be
blufhing ? what a maidenly man at arms are you become ?
Shakefpeare's Plenty IV. p. ii.
Ma'idhood. n.f. [from maid.] Virginity.
Cefario,
By maidhood, honour, and every thing,
I love thee. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Ma'idmarian. n.f [pucr ludius, Latin.] A. kind of dance,
fo called from a buffoon dreffed like a man, who plays tricKS
to the populace. . ,
A fet of morrice-dancers danced a maidmarian with a tabor
and pipe. _ Temple.
Ma'idpale. adj. [malcl and pale.] Pale like a Ack virgin.
Change the completion of her maidpale peace
To fcarlet indignation. Shakefp.
Maidse'rvant. n.f. A female fervant.
It is perfectly right what you fay of the indifference in
common friends, whether we are Ack or well; the very
maidfervants in a family have the fame notion. Swift.
Maje'stical. )dj ifmmmajeji
Maje'stick. SJ
1. Auguft; having dignity; grand; imperial* regal; great of
appearance.
They made a doubt
Prefence majejlical would put him out:
For, quoth the-king, an angel Aialt thou fee.
Yet fear not thou, but (peak audacioufly. Shakefpeare.
Get the ftart of the majeflick world,
And bear the palm alone. ' Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
We do it wrong, being fo majejlical,
To offer it the fhew of violence. Shakefp. Hamlet.
In his face
Sate meeknefs, heighten’d with majeflick grace. Denham.
A royal robe he wore with graceful pride,
Embroider’d fandals glitter’d as he trod.
And forth he mov’d, majeflick as a god. Pope's Odyjfey.
2. Stately ; pompous; fplendid.
It was no mean thing which he purpofed ; to perform a
work fo majejlical and ftately was no Anall charge. Hooker.
3. Sublime ; elevated ; lofty.
Which paffage doth not only argue an inAnite abundance,
both of artizans and materials, but likewife of magnincent
and majejlical deAres in every common perfon. JVotton.
The leaft portions muft be of the epick kind; all muft be
grave, majejlical, and fublime. Dryden.
Majestically, adv. [from majejlical.] With dignity; with
grandeur.
From Italy a wand’ring ray
Of moving light illuminates the day;
Northward flic bends, majeflically bright.
And here fhe Axes her imperial light.
So have I feen in black and white
A prattling thing, a magpie height,
Majeflically ftalk ;
A ftately, worthlels animal.
That plies the tongue, and wags the tail.
All flutter, pride, and talk.
M'AJESTY. n.f [majeflas, Latin.]
1. Dignity; grandeur; greatnefs of appearance ; an appearance
awful and folemn.
The voice of the Lord is full of majefly. Pfal. xxix. 4.
The Lord reignetb; he is clothed with majefly. Pfal. xciii.
Amidft
Thick clouds and dark, doth heav’n’s all-ruling Are
Chufe to reAde, his glory unobfeur’d,
And with the majefly of darknefs round
Covers Ais throne. Milton s Par. Lofl, b. ii.
Great, without pride, in fober majefly. Pope.
2. Power ; fbvereignty.
Thine, O Lord, is the power and majefly. 1 Citron, xxix.
To the only wife God be glory and majefly. Jude v. 25.
He gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father majefly. Dan. v. iS.
3. Dignity ; elevation.
The Arft in loftinefs of thought furpafs’d.
The next in majefly. Dryden.
4. The title of kings and queens.
Mod royal majefly,
I crave no more than what your highnefs offer’d,
Nor will you tender Id’s. Shakefp. Ring Lear.
I have a garden opens to the fea.
From whence I can your majefly convey
To fome nigh friend,. TVatkr.
He, who had been always believed a creature of the queen,
vifited her majefly but once in Ax weeks. Clarendon.
I walk in awful ftate above
The majefly of heaven. Dryden.
Mail. n.f. [maille, Fr. maglia, Italian,• from maUP, the mefli
of a net. Skinner.] A quo fonte derivaniur puika yirorum
nomina pr. ut mai/hir, long or meiler, brcich-vail gjypeatus,
vulgo broch-weel. Hv-vad, Howel boldlv armed. Rowland.
1. A coat of fteel network worn for defence.
a Some
Granville.
Swift.
f
M A I M A I
Some Ihirts of mail, fome coats of plate put on,
Some dond a curacc, fome a corflet bright. Fairfax, b. i.
Being advifed to wear a privy coat, the duke gave this anfwer, That againft any popular fury, a fhirt of mail would
be but a filly defence. Wotton.
Some wore coat-armour, imitating fcale.
And next their fkin were ftubborn Ihirts of mail;
Some wore a breaft-plate. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
2. Any armour.
We ftript the lobfter of his fcarlet mail. Gay.
3. A poftman’s bundle ; a bag. [male, malette, French.]
To Mail. v. a. [from the noun.] To arm defenfively; to
cover, as with armour.
The mailed Mars fhall on his altar fit
Up to the ears in blood. Sbakefp. Henry IV. p. i.
I am thy married wife.
And thou a prince, protector of this land ;
Methinks I Ihould not thus be led along,
Mail’d up in fhame, with papers on my back. Sbakefp.
Tq MAIM. v. a. [maitan, Gothick, to cut off; mebaigner, to
maim, old French ; mebaina, Armorick ; manats, Lat.] To
deprive of any neceffary part; to cripple by lofs of a limb.
You wrought to be a legate; by which power
You maim'd the jurifdidlion of all bilhops. Shakefpeare.
The multitude wondered when they faw the dumb to fpeak,
the maimed to be whole, and the lame to walk ; and they
glorified God. Mattb. xv. 31.
Maim, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Privation of fome eflential part; lamenefs, produced by a
wound or amputation.
Surely there is more caufe to fear, lead: the want thereof
be a maim, than the ufe a blemifh. Hooker, b. v.
Humphry, duke of Glo’fter, fcarce himfelf,
That bears fo fhrewd a maim ; two pulls at once ;
A lady banilh’d, and a limb lopt off? Sbakefp. Henry VI.
2. Injury; mifehief.
Not fo deep a maim,
As to be cad: forth in the common air.
Have I deferved. Sbakefp. Rich. II.
3. Effential defedt.
A noble author efteems it to be a maim in hidory, that
the adts of parliament Ihould not be recited. Hayward.
Main. adj. [magne, old French; magnus, Latin.]
1. Principal; chief; leading.
In every grand or main publick duty which God requireth
at the hands of his church, there is, befides that matter and
form wherein the effence thereof confifteth, a certain out¬
ward falhion, whereby the fame is in decent manner adminiItered. Hooker, b. iv.
There is a hiftory in all mens lives.
Figuring the nature of the times deceafed ;
The which obferv’d a man may prophefy.
With a near aim, of the main chance of things
As yet not come to life. Shakcjp. Henry IV.
He is fuperftitious grown of late,
Quite from the main opinion he had once
Of fantafy, of dreams, and ceremonies. Shakefpeare.
There arofe three notorious and main rebellions, which
drew feveral armies out of England. Davies on Ireland.
The nether flood,
Which now divided into four main ftreams,
Runs diverfe. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. iv.
I Ihould be much for open war, O peers,
If what was urg’d
Main reafon to perfuade immediate war.
Did not diffuade me mod. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ii.
All creatures look to the main chance, that is, food and
propagation. L'Efrange's Fables.
Our main intereft is to be as happy as we can, and as long
as poffible. Tillotfon’s Sermons.
Nor tell me in a dying father’s tone,
Be careful Hill of the main chance, my fon;
Put out the principal in truffy hands ;
Live on the ufe, and never dip thy lands. Dryden's Perf.
Whilft they have bufied themfelves in various learning,
they have been wanting in the one main thing. Baker.
Nor is it only in the main defign, but they have followed
him in every epifode. p0pe’s Pre^ t0 the //^
2. Violent; itrong; overpowering; vaft.
Think, you queftion with a Jew.
You may as well go ftand upon the beach,
A.nd bid the main flood bate his ufual height. Sbakefp.
Seeff thou what rage
Tranfports our adverfary, whom no bounds,
Nor yet the main abyfs,
Wide interrupt, can hold ? Milton s Par. Lof, b. iii.
3. Grofs; containing the chief part.
We ourfelf will follow
In the main battle, which on either fide
Shall be well winged with our chiefeft horfe. Shakefpeare.
dor.l
All abreaft
Charg’d our main battle’s front. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
4.Important; forcible.
This young prince, with a train of young noblemen and
gentlemen, but not with any main army, came over to take
pofleflion of his new patrimony. Davies on Ireland.
That, which thou aright
Believ’ft fo main to our luccefs, I bring. Milt. Par. Lojl.
Main. n.f.
1. The grofs; the bulk ; the greater part.
The main of them may be reduced to language, and an
improvement in wifdom, by feeing men. Locke.
2. The fum ; the whole ; the general.
They allowed the liturgy and government of the church
of England as to the main. Kinv Charles.
1 hele notions concerning coinage have, for the main, been
put into writing above twelve months. Locke.
3. The ocean.
A fubftitute Ihines brightly as a king.
Until a king be by; and then his Hate
Empties itfelf, as doth an inland brook
Into the main of waters. Sbakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Where’s the king ?
Bids the wind blow the earth into the fea;
Or fwell the curled waters ’bove the main,
That things might change. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
He fell, and Itruggling in the main,
Cry’d out for helping hands, but cry’d in vain. Dryden.
Say, why Ihould the collected main
Itfelf within itfelf contain ?
Why to its caverns Ihould it fometimes creep,
And with delighted filence fleep
On the lov’d bofom of its parent deep? Prior.
4. Violence; force.
He ’gan advance
With huge force, and infupportable main,
And towards him with dreadful fury prance. Fa. Sjht.
With might and main
He hailed to get up again. Hudibras, p. i.
With might and main they chac’d the murd’rous fox.
With brazen trumpets, and inflated box. Dryden.
5. [From manus, Latin.] A hand at dice.
Were it good.
To fet the exadl wealth of all our Hates
All at one call; to fet fo rich a main
In the nice hazard of one doubtful hour. Shakefpeare.
To pafs our tedious hours away.
We throw a merry main. Earl Dorfet's Song.
Writing is but juft like dice,
And lucky mains make people wife:
That jumbled words, if fortune throw them.
Shall, well as Dryden, form a poem. Prior.
6. The continent.
In 1589 we turned challengers, and invaded the main of
Spain. Bacon's War with Spain.
7. A hamper. Ainf.
Mainland, n.f. [main and land.] Continent.
Ne was it ifland then, ne was it pays’d
Amid the ocean waves.
But was all defolate, and of fome thought,
By fea to have been from the Celtick mainland brought.
Fairy Jjhteen, b. ii.
Thofe whom Tyber’s holy forefts hide.
Or Circe’s hills from the mainland divide. Dryden's /En.
Ma'inly. adv. [from main.]
1. Chiefly; principally.
A brutilh vice,
Inductive mainly to the fin of Eve. Milton's Par. Lojl.
They are mainly reducible to three. More.
The metallick matter now found in the perpendicular in¬
tervals of the Itrata, was originally lodged in the bodies of
thofe ftrata, being interfperfed among!! the matter, whereof
the faid ftrata mainly confift. Woodward.'s Nat. Hijl.
2. Greatly; powerfully.
It was obferved by one, that himfelf came hardly to a lit¬
tle riches, and very eafily to great riches; for when a man’s
ftock is come to that, that he can expert the prime of mar¬
kets, and overcome thofe bargains, which, for their greatnefs, are few mens money, and be partner in the induftries
of younger men, he cannot but increafe mainly. Bacon.
Ma'inmast. n.f. [main and majl:] The chief or middle
mail.
One dire Ihot,
Clofe by the board the prince’s mainmajl bore. Dryden.
A Dutchman, upon breaking his leg by a fall from a main¬
majl, told the Handers by, it was a mercy it was not his
neck. Spectator, NQ. 574.
Ma'inpernable. adj. Bailable; that may be admitted to give
furety.
15 Y Main-
M A I
Ma'inpernor. ft. f. Surety; bail.
He enforced the earl himfelf to fly, till twenty-fix noble¬
men became mainpernors for his appearance at a certain clay;
tut he making default, the uttermoft advantage was taken
againft his fureties. Davies on Ireland.
Ma'ikprise. n.f [main and pris, French.] Delivery into the
cuftody of a friend, upon fecurity given for appearance;
bail.
Sir William Bremingham was executed for treafon, though
the earl of Defmond was left to mainprise. Davies.
Give its poor entertainer quarter;
And, by difeharge or mainprife, grant
Deliv’ry from this bale reftraint. Hudibras, p. ii.
To Ma'inprise. v. a. To bail.
Ma'insail. n. f. [main and Jail.] The fail of the mainmaft.
They committed themfelves unto the fea, and hoifted up
the mainfail to the wind, and made toward fhore. Ads xxvii.
Ma'insheet. n.f. [main and Jbeet.] The fheet or fail of the
mainmaft.
Strike, {trike the top-fail; let the mainjheet fly,
And furl your fails. Dryden.
Ma'inyard. n.f. [main and yard.] The yard of the mainmaft.
With fharp hooks they took hold of the tackling which
ijeld the mainyard to the mall, then rowing they cut the
tackling, and brought the mainyard by the board. Arbuthnot.
To MAINTAIN, v. a. [maintenir, French.]
1. Topreferve; to keep.
The ingredients being preferibed in their fubftance, main¬
tain the blood in a gentle fermentation, reclude oppilations,
and mundify it. Harvey.
This place, thefe pledges of your love, maintain. Dryd.
2. To defend ; to hold out; to make good.
God values no man more or lefs, in placing him high or
low, but every one as he maintains his poll:. Grew's Cofmol.
3. To vindicate; tojuftify.
If any man of quality will maintain upon Edward earl of
Glo’fter, that he is a manifold traitor, let him appear. Shak.
Thefe poffeffions being unlawfully gotten, could not be
maintained by the juft and honourable law of England. Davies.
Maintain
My right, nor think the name of mother vain. Dryden.
Lord Roberts was full of contradiction in his temper, and of
parts fo much fuperior to any in the company, that he could
too well maintain and juftify thofe contradictions. Clarendon.
It is hard to maintain the truth. South.
4. To continue ; to keep up.
Maintain talk with the duke, that my charity be not of
him perceived. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Some did the fong, and fome the choir maintain,
Beneath a laurel fhade. Dryden.
5. To keep up; to fupport the expence of.
I feek not to wax great by others waining;
Sufficeth, that I have maintains my ftate.
And fends the poor well pleafed from my gate. Shakefp.
What concerns it you if I wear pearl and gold ? I thank
my good father I am able to maintain it. Shakefpeare.
6. To fupport with the conveniences of life.
It was St. Paul’s choice to maintain himfelf by his own la¬
bour. _ Hooker.
If a woman maintain her hulband, fhe is full of anger and
much reproach. Eccluf. xxv. 22.
It is hard to maintain the truth, but much harder to be
maintained by it. Could it ever yet feed, cloath, or defend
its affertors ? South.
7. To preferve from failure.
Here ten thoufand images remain
Without confufion, and their rank maintain. Blacbnore.
To Mainta'in. v. n. To fupport by argument; to aflert as
a tenet.
In tragedy and fatire I maintain againft fome of our mo¬
dern criticks, that this age and the laft have excelled the an¬
cients. Dryden's Juvenal.
Maintainable, adj. [from maintain.] Defenfible; juftifiable.
Being made lord lieutenant of Bulloine, the walls fore
beaten and flhaken, and fcarce maintainable, he defended the
place againft the dauphin. Hayward.
Mainta'iner. n.f. [from maintain.] Supporter; cherilher.
He dedicated the work to Sir Philip Sidney, a fpecial
maintainor of all learning. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
The maintainers and cherifhers of a regular devotion, a
true and decent piety. South's Sermons.
Maintenance, n.f. [;maintenant, French.]
j. Supply of the neceffaries of life; fuftenance; fuftentation.
It was St. Paul’s own choice to maintain himfelf by his la¬
bour, whereas in living by the churches maintenance, as others
did, there had been no offence committed. Hooker, b. i.
God affigned Adam maintenance of life, and then appoint¬
ed him a law to obferve. Hooker, b. i.
M A K
Thofe of better fortune not making learning their mainte¬
nance, take degrees with little improvement. Swift.
2. Support; protection ; defence.
They knew that no man might in reafon take upon him
to determine his own right, and according to his own deter¬
mination proceed in maintenance thereof. Hooker, b. i„
The beginning and caufe of this ordinance amongft the
Irifh was for the defence and maintenance of their lands in
their pofterity. Spcnfer on Ireland.
3. Continuance ; fecurity from failure.
Whatfoever is granted to the church for God s honour,
and the maintenance of his fervice, is granted ror and to God1
South's Sermons.
Ma'intop. n.f. [main and top.] T he top of the mainmaft.
From their maintop joyful news they hear
Of {hips, which by their mould bring new fupplies. Dryd.
Didtys could the maintop-mail beftride.
And down the ropes with active vigour Aide. Addifon.
Ma'jor. adj. [major, Latin.]
1. Greater in number, quantity, or extent.
They bind none, no not though they be many, faving
only when they are the mayor part of a general affembly, and
then their voices being more in number, muft overfway their
judgments who are fewer. Hooker, b. iv.
The true meridian is a mayor circle pafling through the
poles of the world and the zenith of any place, exactly di¬
viding the eaft from the weft. Brown's Vu'g. Errours.
In common difeourfe we denominate perfons and things
according to the major part of their character : he is to be
called a wife man who has but few follies. Watts's Logick.
2. Greater in dignity.
Fall Greek, fall fame, honour, or go, or flay,
My major vow lies here. Shakefp. Troil. and Crejfida.
Ma'jor. n.f
1. The officer above the captain; the loweft field officer.
2. A mayor or head officer of a town. Gbfolete.
3. The firft propofition of a fyllogifm, containing fome gene¬
rality.
The major of our author’s argument is to be underftood of
the material ingredients of bodies. Boyle.
4. NiA]OVi-general. The general officer of the fecond rank.
Major-general Ravignan returned with the French king’s
anfwer. Tatler, N°. 53.
5. Major-domo. n.f. [mayeur-dome, French.] One who holds
occafionally the place of mafter of the houfe.
Majora'tion. n.f [from mayor.] Encreafe; enlargement.
There be five ways of mayoration of founds : enclofure Am¬
ple ; enclofure with dilatation; communication ; reflection
concurrent; and approach to the lenfory. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Majo'rity. n.f. [from major.]
1. The ftate of being greater.
It is not plurality of parts without majority of parts that
maketh the total greater. Grew's Cofmol.
2. The greater number. [majority, French.]
It was highly probable the majority would be fo wife as to
efpoufe that caufe which was moil agreeable to the publick
weal, and by that means hinder a fedition. Addifon.
As in fenates fo in fchools,
Majority of voices rules. Prior.
Decent executions keep the world in awe ; for that reafon
the mayority of mankind ought to be hanged every year.
Arbuthnot's Hift. of J. Bull.
3. [From majores, Latin.] Anceftry.
Of evil parents an evil generation, a pofterity not unlike
their majority; of mifehievous progenitors, a venemous and
deftructive progeny. Brown's Vidgar Errours, b. iii.
4. Full age; end of minority.
During the infancy of Henry the Hid, the barons were
troubled in expelling the French : but this prince was no
fooner come to his mayority, but the barons railed a cruel war
againft him. Davies on Ireland.
5. Firft rank. Obfolete.
Douglas, whofe high deeds,
Whofe hot incurflons, and great name in arms,
Holds from all foldiers chief mayority,
And military title capital. Shakefp. Henry IV.
6. The office of a major.
Maize, or Indian Wheat, n.f.
The whole maize plant has the appearance of a reed; the
male flowers are produced at remote diftances from the fruit
on the fame plant, growing generally in a ipike upon the top
of the ftalk ; the female flowers are produced from the wings
of the leaves, and are furrounded by three or four leaves,
which clofely adhere to the fruit until it is ripe : this plant is
propagated in England only as a curiofity, but in America it
is the principal fupport of the inhabitants, and confequently
propagated with great care. Miller.
Maize affords a very ftrong nourifhment, but more vifeous
than wheat. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2 To
M A K
Tt>-Make. v. a. [macan, Saxon; machen, German} rnaken,
Dutch.]
1. To create. .
Let us make man in our image* Gen. 1. 20.
The Lord hath made all things for himfelf. Prov. xvi. 4.
Remember’ft thou
Thy making, while the maker gave thee being. Milton.
2. To form of materials.
He fafhioncd it with a graving tool, after he had made it a
molten calf. " Exod. xxxii. 4.
God hath made of one blood all nations of men. Adis.
We have no other meafure, fave one of the moon, but
are artificially made out of theie by compounding or dividing
them> Holder on Time.
3. To ccmpofe : as, materials or ingredients.
One of my fellows had the ipeed of him;
Who, ahnoft dead for breath, had fcarcely more
Than would make up his mefl'age. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
The heav’n, the air, the earth, and boundlels fea.
Make but one temple for the- deity. Waller.
A pint of fait of tartar, expoi’ed unto a moift air, will
make far more liquor than the former meafure will contain. .
Brown's Vulgar ErrourSj b. ii.
4. To form by art what is not natural.
There lavifh nature, in her belt attire.
Pours forth fweet odours, and alluring fights }
And art with her contending, doth aipire
T’ excel the natural with made delights. Spenfer.
5. To produce as the agent.
She may give fo much credit to her own laws, as to make
their fentence weightcr than any bare and naked conceit to
the contrary. Hooker, b. v.
If I fufpeit without caufe, why then make lport at me}
then let me be your jeft. Shakejp. Merry Wives of TVindfor.
Thine enemies make a tumult. PJal. lxxxiii. 2.
When their hearts were merry they faid, Call for Sampfon, that he may make us fport. Judg' xvi. 25.
Give unto Solomon a perfedi heart to build the palace for
the which I have made provifion. 1 Chron. xxix. 19.
Why make ye this ado, and weep ? the damfel is not dead.
Mark v. 39.
He maketh interceflion to God again!! Ifrael. Rom. xi. 2.
Thou haft let ftgns and wonders in the land of Egypt,
and haft made thee a name. Jer. xxxii. 20.
Should we then make mirth ? Ezek. xxi. 10.
Jofhua made peace, and made a league with them to let
them live. lx' J5*
Poth combine
To make their greatnefs by the fall of man. Dryden.
Egypt, mad with fuperftition grown.
Makes gods of monitors. Tate's Juvenal.
6. To produce as a caufe.
Wealth maketh many friends ; but the poor is feparated
from his neighbour. Prov. xix. 4.
A man’s gift maketh room for him, and bringeth him be¬
fore great men. Prov. xviii. 16.
The child who is taught to believe any occurrence to be a
cood or evil omen, or any day of the week lucky, hath a
wide inroad made upon the foundnefs of his underftanding.
Watts.
y. To do } to perform ; to pradtife; to ufe.
Though fhe appear honeft to me, yet in other places the
enlargeth her mirth 10 far, that there is Ihrewd conftrudtion
made of her. Sbakefp. Merry Wives of TVmclfor.
She made hafte, and let down her pitcher. Gen. xxiv. 46.
Thou haft made an atonement for it. Exod. xxix. 36.
I will judge his houfe for ever, becaufe his Tons made themfelves vile, and he reftrained them not. I Sam. iii. 13.
We made prayer unto our God. Neh. iv. 9.
He (hall make a fpeedy riddance of all in the land. Zeph.
They all began to make excufe. Luke xiv. 18.
It hath pleafed them of Macedonia and Achaia to make a
certain contribution for the poor. Rom. xv. 26.
Make full proof of thy miniftry. 2 Tim. iv. 5.
The Venetians, provoked by the Turks with divers inju¬
ries, both by fea and land, refolved, without delay, to make
war likewife upon him. - Kno/les’s Hijl. of the Turks.
Such mulick as before was never made,
But when of old the Ions of morning fung. Milton.
All the actions of his life were ripped up and furveyed,
and all malicious glofles made upon all he had faid, and all
he had done. Clarendon.
Says Carneades, fince neither you nor I love repeti¬
tions, I fhall not now make any of what elfe was urged againft
Thcmiftius. # Boyle.
The Phoenicians made claim to this man as theirs, and
attributed to him the invention of letters. Hale.
What hope, O Pantheus ! whether can we run ?
Where make a ftand ? and what may yet be done { Dryd.
While merchants make long voyages by fea
To get eftates, he cuts a fhorter way. Dryden s Juv.
To v/hat end did Ulyft'cs make that journey ? /Eneas unM A K
dertook it by the exprefs commandment of his father’s pEoft*
Dryden's Dedication to the /Ends'
He that will make a good ufe of any part of his life, muft
allow a large portion of it to recreation. Locke.
Make feme requeft, and I,
Whate’er it he, with that requeft comply. Addifon.
Were it permitted, he fhould make the tour of the whole
fyftem of the fun. Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scrib.
8. To caufe to have any quality.
I will make your cities wafte. Lev. xxvi. 3r.
Her hufband hath utterly made them void on the day he
heard them. Num. xxx. 12.
When he had made a convenient room, he fet it in a wall,
and made it faft with iron. Wifcl. xiii. 15.
Jefus came into Cana, where he made the water wine.
John iv. 46.
He was the more inflamed with the defire of battle with
Waller, to make even all accounts. Clarendon, b. viii.
I bred you up to arms, rais’d you to power.
Permitted you to fight for this ufurper}
All to make fure the vengeance of this day.
Which even this day has ruin’d. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
In refpect of adtions within the reach of fuch a power in
him, a man feems as free as it is poflible for freedom to make
him. Locke.
9. To bring into any ftate or condition.
I have made thee a god to Pharaoh. Exod. vii. 1.
Jofeph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Ifrael.
Gen. xlvi. 29.
Who made thee a prince and a judge over us ? Exod. ii.
Ye have troubled me to make me to ftink among the inha¬
bitants. Gen. xxxiv. 30.
He made himfelf of no reputation, and took upon him the
form of a fervant. Phil. ii. 7.
Pie fhould be made manifeft to Ifrael. John i. 31.
Though I be free from all men, yet have I made mylelf
fervant unto all, that 1 might gain the more. 1 Cor. ix. 19.
He hath made me a by-word of the people, and aforetime
I was as a tablet. Job xvii. 6.
Make ye him drunken} for he magnified himfelf againft
the Lord. Jer. xlviii. 26.
Jofeph was not willing to make her a publick example.
Matt. i. 19.
By the affiftance of this faculty we have all thofe ideas in
our underftandings, which, though we do not actually con¬
template, yet we can bring in fight, and make appear again,
and be the objedts of our thoughts. Locke.
The Lacedemonians trained up their children to hate
drunkennefs by bringing a drunken man into their company,
and fhewing them what a beaft he made of himfelf* Waits.
10. To form} to fettle.
Thofe who are wife in courts
Make friendfhips with the minifters of ftate.
Nor feek the ruins of a wretched exile. Rowe,
11. To hold} to keep.
Deep in a cave the fybil makes abode. Dryden.
12. To fecure from diftrefs ; to eftablifh in riches or happinefs.
He hath given her his monumental ring, and thinks him¬
felf made in the unchafte compofition. Shakefpeare.
This is the night.
That either makes me, or foredoes me quite. Sbakefp.
Each element lfis dread command obeys.
Who makes or ruins with a fmile or frown,
Who as by one he did our nation raife.
So now he with another pulls us down. Dryden.
13. To fuffer; to incur.
The lofs was private that I made;
’Twas but myfelf I loft; I loft no legions. Dryden.
He accufeth Neptune unjuftly, who makes fhipwreck a fecond time. Bacon.
14. To commit.
She was in his company at Page’s houfe, and what they
made there I know not. Shakefpeare.
I will neither plead my age nor ficknefs in excufe of the
faults which I have made. Dryden.
15. To compel} to force} to conftrain.
That the foul in a fieeping man fhould be this moment
bufy a thinking, and the next moment in a waking man not
remember thofe thoughts, would need fome better proof than
bare aflertion to make it be believed. Locke.
They fhould be made to rife at their early hour} but great
care fhould be taken in waking them, that it be not done
haftily. Locke.
16. To intend } to purpofe to do.
He may afk this civil queftion, friend !
What doft thou make a fhipboard ? to what end ? Dryden.
Gomez ; what mak'Jl thou here with a whole brotherhood
of city-bailiffs ? Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
17. To raife as profit from any thing.
He’s in for a commodity of brown pepper} of which he
made five marks ready money. Shakefpeare.
Did
*
M A K
Did I make a gain of you by any of them I fent. 2 Cor.
„ W aS’ Wh,° ^’aS a n?g,]gent Prince, made fo much,
hat mu(t now tlie Romans make, who govern it fo wifely.
Tf . . Arbuthnot on Coins.
‘‘/s meant of the value of the purchafe, it was very
,y:> °eing ^arc% poflible to make fo much of land, une was reckoned at a very low price. Arbuthnot.
18. 1 o reach ; to tend to ; to arrive at.
Acoila recordeth, they that fail in the middle can make no
land of either fide.. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vi.
I’ve made the port already,
And laugh fecurely at the lazy ftorm. Dryden.
They ply their flutter’d oars
1 o neareft land, and make the Libyan flioars. Dryden.
Did I but purpofe to embark with thee,
While gentle zephyrs play in profp’rous gales ;
But would foifake the fhip, and make the (hoar,
When the winds whiffle, and the tempefts roar l Briar.
19. To gain.
The wind came about, and fettled in the weft for many
days, fo as we could make little or no way. Bacon.
I have made way
To fome Philiftian lords, with whom to treat. - Milton.
Now mark a little why Virgil is fo much concerned to
make this marriage, it was to make way for the divorce which
he intended afterwards. Dryden's /En.
20. 1 o force; to gain by force.
Rugged rocks are interpos’d in vain ;
He ?nakes his way o ei mountains, and contemns
Unruly torrents, and unforded ftreams. Dryden's Virg
The ftone wall which divides China from Tartary, is
reckoned nine hundred miles long, running over rocks, and
making way for rivers through mighty arches. Temple.
21. To exhibit. r
When thou snakefl a dinner, call not thy friends but the
P°Rf* Luke xiv. 12.
22. 1 o pay; to give.
He fliall make amends for the harm that he hath done. Lev.
23. To put; to place.
You muft make a great difference between Hercules’s la¬
bours by land, and Jafon’s voyage by fea for the golden
Bacon s War with Spain.
24. To turn to feme ufe.
Whate’er they catch.
Their fury makes an inftrument of war. Dryden's /En.
25. To incline ; to difpofe.
It is not requifite they fhould deftroy our reafon, that is,
to make us rely on the ftrength of nature, when fhe is leaft
able to relieve us. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
26. To prove as an argument.
Seeing they judge this to snake nothing in the world for
them. . Hooker, b. ii.
You conceive you have no more to do than, having found
the principal word in a concordance, introduce as much of
the verfe as will ferve your turn, though in reality it makes
nothing for you. Swift.
27. Toreprefent; to fhow.
He is not that goofe and afs that Valla would make him.
Baker's Reflections on Learning.
28. To conftitute.
Our defires carry the mind out to abfent good, according
to the neceflity which we think there is of it, to the making
or encreafe of our happinefs. Locke.
29. To amount to.
Whatfoever they were, it maketh no matter to me : God
accepteth no man’s perfon. Gal. ii. 16.
30. To mould ; to form.
Lye not ereeft but hollow, which is in the snaking of the
bed ; or with the legs gathered up, which is the more whole¬
some. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
Some undeferved fault
I’ll find about the making of the bed. Shakeflpeare.
They mow fern green, and burning of them to allies,
make the allies up into balls with a little water. Mortimer.
31. Yi? Make away. To kill; to deftroy.
He will not let flip any advantage to make away him whofe
juft title, encbled by courage and goodnefs, may one day
fliake the feat of a never-fecure tyranny. Sidney, b. ii.
T he duke of Clarence, lieutenant of Ireland, was, by
practice of evil perfons about the king his brother, called
thence away, and foon after, by ftnifter means, was clean
made away. Spenfler on Ireland.
He may have a likely guefs,
How thefe were they that snade away his brother. Shakeflp.
rrajan would fay of the vain jealoufy of princes that feek
to make away thofe that afpire to their fucceflion, that there
was never king that did put to death his fucceffor. Bacon.
My mother I flew at my very birth, and fince have snade
away two of her brothers, and happily to make way for the
purpofes of others againft myfelf. Hayward.
M A KGive poets leave to make them'eltfesjiwry. Rofcasnmon.
Vv hat multitude of infants- have been made away by thofe
who brought them into the world. Addifon.
32. To Make away. Vo transfer.
Debtors,
When they never mean to pay,
To fome friend make all away. Waller.
33- Make account. To reckon ; to believe.
I hey snade no account but that the navy fhould be abfolutely mafter of the feas. Bacosi's War with Spain.
34- To Make account of. Vo efteem ; to regard.
35- Yo Make free with. 1 o treat without ceremony.
The fame who have snade free vjith the greateft names in
church and ftate, and expofed to the world the private miffortunes of families. Dunciad.
36. To Make good. To maintain ; to defend ; to juftify.
I he grand mafter, guarded with a company of moft va¬
liant knights, drove them out again by force, and ssiade °ood
the Place. " Kn0lies's Hifl. of the Turks.
When he comes to make good his confident "undertaking,
he is fain to fay things that agree very little with one an-
°ther Boyle.
I’ll either die, or I’ll snake good the place. Dryden.
As for this other argument, that by purfuing one Angle
theme they gain an advantage to exprefs, and work up, the
paffions, I wifti any example be could bring from them could
snake it good. Dryden on drasnatick Poefly.
I will add what the fame author fubjoins to make vood his
foregoing remark. Locke on Education.
37. To Make good. To fulfil; to accomplifh.
0 _ ^ letter,doth make £°od the friar’s words. Shakefp.
3^’ T? Make light of. T o confider as of no confequence.
I hey snade light of it, and went their ways. Matt. xxii. C.
39. To Make love. To court; to play the gallant.
.How happy each of the fexes would be, if there was a
window in the breaft of every one that makes or receives love.
Addifon s Guardian, N . 106.
40. To Make snerry. To feaft; to partake of an entertain¬
ment-.
A hundred pound or two, to snake merry withal ? Shakefp.
The king, to make demonftration to the world, that the
proceedings againft Sir William Stanley, impofed upon him
by neceflity of ftate, had not diminifhed the affedion he bare
to his brother, went to Latham, to make merry with his mo¬
ther and the earl. Bacon's Henry Vllth.
A gentleman and his wife will ride to make snerry with his
neighbour, and after a day thofe two go to a third; in which
progrefs they encreafe like fnowballs, till through their burthenfome weight they break. Carew's Survey ofCornwall.
41. To Make much of. To cherifh ; to fofter. J
The king hearing of their adventure, fuddenly falls to take
pride m making much of them, extolling them with infinite
prunes. c-, ...
The bird is dead ***
That we have made fo much on ! Shakefp. Cymbeline.
It is good difcretion not to make too much of any man at
the firft. » P/r
The eafy and the lazy mat, much of the got” and ya
making much oj themfelves too, they take care to carry it prefently to bed, and keep it warm. Tem-hb
42. To Make of What to make of is, how to underftand*.
That they fhould have knowledge of the languages and
affaiib of thofe that lie at fuch a diftance from them, was a
thing we could not tell what to make of. Bacon.
I paft the fummer here at Nimmeguen, without the leaft
remembrance of what had happened to me in the fprina, till
about the end of September, and then I began to feel a pain
Mcnew not what to snake of in the fame joint of my other
. ,Th're is ano'her 4*“ in brafi of Apollo, with a dem
infcnption on the pcdeftal, which I know not what to make
. 1 Wk WOull! let me fte his boolc : he did Co Cm!l- ing : I could not make any thing of it. <r
. Ul’mi one 4de 0/the pillar were huge pieces of iron ftkhS;,ln“ fcangeli^> wbich we knew not what
a? fai ircr/- '-p jr tiulhver s Travels. 43. 10 JMrtKE of. To produce from ; to effeft.
I am aftoniflied, that thofe who have appeared aeainft this
paper have made fo very little of it P g WdJb
U- ./. To confider ; to account; to dtaf^
45. YmIke 10 MAKE 'If of. m1
4
o
e 4
cherifh mn than ; to fofter. of a n'm ? Drsem
T ,aYUS was w°nderfuHy beloved, and snade of. by the
f ~ L merchants» whofe language he had learned. Knolles.
46. To Make over. To fettle in the hands of trullees.
ldows, who have tried one lover,
I iuft none again till th’ have made over. Hudibras, p. iii.
7 The
M A K
*The wife betimes make over their eftates.
Make o'er thy honour by a deed of truft.
And give me feizure of the mighty wealth. Dryden.
47- To Make over. To transfer.
The fecond mercy made over to us by the fecond covenant,
is the promife of pardon. Hammond.
Age and youth cannot be made over: nothing but time can
take away years, or give them. Collier.
My waift is reduced to the depth of four inches by what
I have already made over to my neck. Addifon s Guard.
Moor, to whom that patent was made over, was forced to
leave off coining. Sivift.
48. To Make out. To clear; to explain; to clear to one’s
felf.
Make out the refl,—I am diforder’d fo,
I know not farther what to fay or do. Dryd. Indian E-mp.
Antiquaries make out the mod ancient medals from a letter
with great difficulty to be difeerned upon the face and reverfe.
Felton on the ClaJJicks.
It may feem fomewhat difficult to make out the bills of fare
for fome fuppers. Arbuthnot on Coins.
49. To Make out. To prove; to evince.
There is no truth which a man may more evidently make
etit to himfelf, than the exiftence of a God. Locke.
Though they are not felf-evidcnt principles* yet what
may be made out from them by a wary dedudlion, may be
depended on as certain and infallible truths. Locke.
Men of wit and parts, but of fhort thoughts and little me¬
ditation, are apt to diftruft every thing for fiction that is not
the dictate of fenfe, or made out immediately to their fenfes.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
We are to vindicate the juft providence of God in the
government of the world, and to endeavour, as well as we
can, upon an imperfedt view of things, to make out the
beauty and harmony of all the feeming difeords and irregu¬
larities of the divine adminiftration. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Scaliger hath made out, that the hiftory of Troy was no
more the invention of Homer than of Virgil. Dryden.
In the pafTages from our own divines, moft of the reafonings which make out both my propofitions are already fueeeft-
€d. Atterbury's Sermons.
I dare engage to make it out, that, inftead of contributing
equal to the landed men, they will have their full principal
. and intereft at fix per Cent. Swift's Mifcel.
50. To Makefure of. To confider as certain.
They made asJure of health and life, as if both of them
were at their difpofe. Dryden.
51. 21? Make,fure of. To fecure to one’s pofleffion.
But whether marriage bring joy or forrow.
Makefure of this day, and hang to-morrow. Dryden.
52. To Make up. To get together.
How will the farmer be able to make up his rent at quarter"day ? Locke.
53. To Make up. To reconcile; to repair.
This kind of comprehenfion in feripture being therefore
received, ftill there is no doubt how far we are to proceed
by collection before the full and complete meafure of things
neceffary be made up. . * Hooker, b. i.
I knew when feven juftices could not make up a quairel.
Shakefpeare’s As you like it.
54. To Make up. To repair.
I fought for a man among them that fhould make up the
hedge, and ftand in the gap before me for the land. Ezek.
55. To compofe, as of ingredients.
Thefe are the lineaments of this vice of flattery, which
fure do together make up a face of moft extreme deformity.
Government of the Tongue.
He is to encounter an enemy made up of wiles and ftratagems; an old ferpent, and a long experienced deceiver.
South's Sermons.
Zeal fhould be made up of the largeft meafures of fpiritual
Jove, defire, hope, hatred, grief, indignation. Sprat.
Oh he was all made up of love and charms;
Whatever maid could wifh, or man admire. Addifon.
Harlequin’s part is made up of blunders and abfurdities.
Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Vines, figs, oranges, almonds, olives, myrtles, and fields
•f corn, make up the moft delightful little landfkip imaginaAddifon on Italy.
Old moulding urns, racks, daggers, and diftrefs.
Make up the frightful horror of the place. Garth.
The parties among us are made up on one fide of moderate
whigs, and on the other of prefbyterians. Swift
56. To Make up. To fhape.
A catapotium is a medicine fwallowed folid, and moft
commonly made up in pills. Arbuthnot on Coins.
57* T<? Make up. To fupply; to repair.
Whatfoever, to make up the dodrine of man’s falvation,
is added as in fupply of the feripture’s infufficiency, we rejeCf
Jt* Hooker, b. ii.
I borrowed that celebrated name for an evidence to my
M A K
fubjeft, that fo what was wanting in my proof might be
made up in the example. Glanville’s Seep.
Thus think the crowd, who, eager to engage,
Take quickly fire, and kindle into rage;
Who ne’er confider, but without a paufe
Make up in paffion what they want in caufe. Dryden.
It they retrench any the fmaller particulars in their ordi¬
nary expence, it will eafily make up the halfpenny a-day which
we have now under confidcration. Addifon's Speft
1 his wifely the makes up her time,
Mif-fpent when youth was in its prime. Granville.
There muft needs be another ftate to make up the inequa¬
lities of this, and to falve all irregular appearances. Atterbury,
If his romantick difpofition tranfport him fo far as to expe<ft little or nothing from this, he might however hope, that
the principals would make it up in dignity and refpeeft. Swift
58. To Make up. To clear. ^
The reafons you allege, do more conduce
To the hot paffion of diftemper’d blood,
T han to make tip a free determination
’Twixt right and wrong. Shakefp. Troil, and CrefTtda,
Though all at once cannot
See what I do deliver out to each.
Yet I can make my audit up, that all
I1 rom me do back receive the flow’r of all.
And leave me but the bran. Shakefpeare's Conolanus.
He was to make up his accounts with his lord, and by an
eafy undifcoverable cheat he could provide againft the impendinf diftrefs. Rogers’* Sermons.
59. H Make up. 1 o accomphfh; to conclude; to somplete.
Is not the lady Conftance in this troop ?
—I know (he is not ; for this match made up.
Her prefence would have interrupted much. Shakefpeare.
On Wednefday the general account is made up and print¬
ed, and on Fhurfday publifhed. Graunt's Bill ofMortality
This life is a feene of vanity,_ that foon pafTesaway, and
affords no folid fatisfa&ion but in the confcioufnefs of doins
Well, and in the hopes of another life : this ia what I can fay
upon experience, and what you will find to be true when
you come to make up the account. r z
To Make. v. ». Lecke'
I. To tend ; to travel; to go any way; to rufh. ’
Oh me, lieutenant! what villains have done this ?
* I think, that one of them is hereabouts,
And cannot make away. Shakefpeare's Othello.
1 do befeech your majefty make up,
Left your retirement do amaze your friends. Shakefpeare.
1 he earl of Lincoln refolved to make on where the kina:
was, to give him batttle, and marched towards Newark. &
j. c . . „ , Bacon's Henry VII.
1 here made forth to us a fmall boat, with about eieffit perw" ','- • 1 , Bacon’s New 'Atlantis.
W arily provide, that while we make forth to that which is
better, we meet not with that which is worfe. Bacon's EJfays.
A wonderful erroneous obfervation that maketh about, is
commonly received contrary to experience. Bacon
Make on, upon the heads
Of men, ftruck down like piles, to reach the lives
Of thofe remain and ftand. Benj. Johnfon's Catalinel
The Moors, terrified with the hideous cry of the foldiers
making toward land, were eafily beaten from the fhore. Knolles.
When they fet out from mount Sinai they made northward
unto Rifhmah. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vi.
Some fpeedy way for paffage muft be found ;
Make to the city by the poftern gate. Dryden
The bull
His eafier conqueft proudly did forego ;
And making at him with a furious bound.
From his bent forehead aim’d a double wound. Dryden.
Too late young Turnus the delufion found
Far on the fea, ftill making from the ground. Dryden.
A man of a difturbed brain feeing in the ftreet one of
thofe lads that ufed to vex him, ftepped into a cutler’s fhop,
and feizing on a naked fword made after the boy. Locke.
. Seeing a country gentleman trotting before me with a fpaniel by his horfe’s fide, I made up to him. Addifon's Freehold.
The P renoh king makes at us dire&ly, and keeps a kinpby him to fet over us. * * Addifn.
A monftrous boar rufht forth ; his baleful eyes
Shot glaring fire, and his ftifF-pointed briftles
Rofe high upon his back ; at me he made.
Whetting his tufks. Smith's Phcedra and Hippdituv.
2. lo contribute.
Whatfoever makes nothing to your fubjeft, and is impro¬
per to it, admit not unto your work. Dryden
Blinded he is by the love of himfelf to believe that the
right is wrong, and wrong is right, when it makes for his
own advantage. Mifcel
2. i e operate; to adt as a proof ©r argument, or oaufe.
x5 Z Where
%
M A K
Where tieithtfr the evidence of any law divine, nolr the
ftrength of any invincible argument, otherwife found out by
the light of reafon, nor any notable publick inconvenience
doth make againft that which our own laws ecelefiaftical have
inftituted for the ordering of thefe affairs ; the very authority
of the church itfelf fufficeth. Hooker.
That which fhould make for them muft prove, that men
ought not to make laws for church regiment, but only keep
thofe laws which in feripture they find made. Hooker.
It is very needful to be known, and maketh unto the right
of the war againft him. Spenfer»
Let us follow after the things which make for peace. Rom.
Perkin Warbeck finding that time and temporizing, which,
whilft his pradfices were covert, made for him, did now,
when they were difeovered, rather make againft him, refolved
to try fome exploit upon England. Bacon's Henry VII.
I obferved a thing that may make to my prefent purpofe.
Boyle.
It makes to this purpofe, that the light conferving ftones in
Italy muft be fet in the fun for fome while before they retain
light. D'tgby on Bodies.
What avails it me to acknowledge, that I have not been
able to do him right in any line; for even my own confcffion makes againft me. Dryden's Ded. to the Ain.
3. To concur.
Antiquity, cuftom, and confent, in the church of God,
making with that which law doth eftablifh, are themfelves
moft fufficient reafons tb uphold the fame, unlefs fome nota¬
ble publick inconvenience enforce the contrary. Hooker.
4. To fhew; to appear; to carry appearance.
Jofhua and ail Ifrael made as if they were beaten before
them, and fled. ^ I5*
It is the unanimous opinion of your friends, that you make
is if you hanged yourfelf, and they will give it out that you
quite dead. Arbuthnot s Hijl. of 'John Bull.
5. To Make away with. To deftroy ; to kill ; to make away.
This phrafe is improper. ,
The women of Greece Were feized with an unaccountable
melancholy, which difpofed feveral of them to make away
with themfelves. Addifon s Speki. N°. 231*
€>. To Make for. To advantage; to favour.
Compare with indifferency thefe difparities of times, and
we {hall plainly perceive, that they make for the advantage
of England at this prefent time. Bacon's War with Spain.
None deny there is a God, but thofe for whom it maketh
that there were no God. Bacon's EJfays.
I was afliir’d, that nothing was defign’d
Againft thee but fafe cuftody and hold ;
That madefor me, I knew that liberty
Would draw thee forth to perilous enterprizes. Milton,
r. To Make up. To compenfate; to be inftead.
Have you got a fupply of friends to make up for thofe who
are gone ? Sitiifi t0 PoPeMake, n.f [from the verb.] Form; ftrudture; nature.
Thofe mercurial fpirits, which were only lent the earth to
{hew men their folly in admiring it, poffefs delights of a no¬
bler make and nature, which antedate immortality. Glanville.
Upon the deceafe of a lion the beafts met to chufe a king;
feveral put up, but one was not of make for a king; another
Wanted brains or ftrength. _ L'Eftrange.
Is our perfection of fo frail a make,
As ev’ry plot can undermine and {hake. Dryden.
Several lies are produced in the loyal ward of Portfoken^ of
fo feeble a make, as not to bear carriage to the Royal Ex¬
change. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 7.
It may be with fuperior fouls as with gigar.tick, which ex¬
ceed the due proportion of parts, and, like the old heroes of
that make, commit fomething near extravagance. Pope.
Make. n.f. [maca, jemaca, Saxon.] Companion; favourite
friend.
The elf therewith aftonied,
Upftarted lightly from his loofer tnake.
And his unfteady weapons ’gan in hand to take. Fa.
Bid her therefore herfelf foon ready make*
To wait on love amongft his lovely crew;
Where every one that mifleth then her make,
Shall be by him amearft with penance due. Spenfer,
For fince the wife town.
Has let the fports down.
Of May games and morris.
The maids and their makes,
At dancing and wakes,
Had their napkins and pofies, #
Anil the wipers for their nofes. Benj. Jobtifon's Owls.
Ma'kebate. n.f [make and debate.] Breeder of quarrels.
Love in her paflions, like a right makebate, whifpered to
both fides arguments of quarrel. Sidney.
Outrageous party-writers are like a couple of makebates,
who inflame fmall quarrels by a thoufand ftorics. Swift,
Ma'ker. n.f. [from make.}
1.The Creator.
M A L
Both in him, in all things, as is meet,
The umverfal Maker we may praife. Milton's Par. Loft
This the divine Cecilia found,
And to her Maker's praife confin’d the found. Pope.
Such plain roofs as piety could raife.
And only vocal with the Maker's praife. Pope.
The power of reafoning was given us by our Maker ta
purfue truths. Watts's Logick.
2. One who makes any thing.
Every man in Turky is of fome trade; Sultan Achmet
was a maker of ivory rings. Notes on the Odyjjey.
I dare promife her boldly what few of her makers of vifits
and compliments dare to do. Pope's Letters.
3. One who fets any thing in its proper ftate.
You be indeed makers or marrers of all mens manners
within the realm. Afcham's Schoolmajler.
Ma'kepeace. n.f. [make and peace.} Peacemaker; recon¬
ciler.
To be a makepeace {hall become my age* Shakefp.
Makeweight, n.f. [make and weight.} Any fttiall thing
thrown in to make up weight.
Me lonely fitting, nor the glimmering light
Of makeweight candle, nor the joyous talk
Of loving friend delights. Philips.
Malachi'te. n.f
This ftone is fometimes intifely green, but lighter than
that of the nephritick ftone, fo as in colour to relemble the
leaf of the mallow, y.uxdygn, from which it has its name ;
though fometimes it is veined with white, or fpotted with
blue or black. Weodivard's Meth. Fojftls.
Ma'lady. n.f. [maladie, French.] A difeafe; adiftemper*
a diforder of body; ficknefs.
Better it is to be private
In forrow’s torments, than ty’d to the pomp of a palace,
Nurfe inward maladies, which have not fcope to be breath’d
out. Sidney, b. i.
Wife phyficians firft require, that the malady be known
thoroughly, afterwards teach how to cure and redrefs it.
Spenfer's State ofIreland.
Say, can you faft ? your ftomaohs are too young :
And abftinence engenders maladies. Shakefpeare.
An ufual draught, or accidental violence of motion, has
removed that malady that has baffled the {kill of phyficians.
South's Sermons.
Love’s a malady without a cure;
Fierce love has pierc’d me with his fiery dart.
He fires within, and hiftes at my heart. Dryden.
Mala'nders. n.f. [From mal andare, Italian, to go ill.} A
dry fcab on the paftern of horfes.
MA'LAPERT. adj. [mal and pert.} Saucy ; quick with impu¬
dence ; fprightly without refpedt or decency.
Peace, mafter marquis, you are malapert;
Your fire-new ftamp of honour is fcarce current. Shakefp.
If thou dar’ft tempt me further, draw thy fword.
—What, what ? nay, then, I muft have an ounce or two
of this malapert blood from you. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Are you growing malapert ? Will you force me make ufe
of my authority ? Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
Ma'lapertness. n.f. [from malapert.} Livelinefs of reply
without decency ; quick impudence ; faucinefs.
Ma'lapertly. adv. [from malapert.] Impudently;-faucily.
To Mala'xate. v. a. [^aXa-rfo.] To foften, or knead ta
foftnefs, any body.
Malaxa'tion. n.f. [from malaxate.} The ad! of foftening.
Male. adj. [male, French; mafculus, Lat.] Of the fex that
begets young; not female.
Which {hall be heir of the two male twins, who, by the
diflfedtion of the mother, were laid open to the world ? Locke.
You are the richeft perfon in the commonwealth ; you
have no male child; your daughters are all married to weal¬
thy patricians. Swift's Examiner, N°. 27.
Male. n.f. The he of any fpecies.
In moft the male is the greater, and in fome few the fe¬
male. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 852.
There be more males than females, but in different pro¬
portions. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
Male, in compofition, fignifies ill, from male, Latin; male,
old French.
Maleadminitra'tion. n.f. Bad management of affairs.
From the pradfice of the wifeft nations, when a prince
was laid afide for maleadminijlration, the nobles and people
did refume the adminiftration of the fupreme power. Swift.
A general canonical denunciation, is that which is made
touching fuch a matter as properly belongs to the cccleftaftical court, for that a fubjedt denounces his fuperior, or fome
criminal prelate, for 1naleadmirujlration, or a wicked life.
Aylife s Parergon.
Maleconte'nt. \adj. [male and content.] Difcontented ;
MaLKconte'nted. J diflatisfied.
Brother Clarence, how like you our choice,
‘ That you ftand penfive, as half malecontent. Shakefpeare.
Poor
M A L
Poor Clarence ! Is it for a wife
That thou art malecontent ? I will provide thee. Shakefp.
The kina;, for the better fecuring his ftate againft muti¬
nous and malecontented, fubjecls, who might have their refuge
in Scotland, fent a folemn ambaflage unto James III. to con¬
clude a peace. Bacon's Henry VII.
They cannot fignalizc themfelves as malecontents, without
breaking through all the fofter virtues. Addifons Freeholder.
The ufual way in defpotick governments is to confine the
malecontent to fome caftle. Addifon's Freeholder.
Maleconte'ntedly. adv. [from malecontent.] With difeontent.
Maleconte'ntedness. n.f [from maleccntent.] Difcontentednefs ; want of affedtion to government.
They would aferibe the laying down my paper to a fpirit
of malecontentednefs. Spectator, N :. 445*
Maledi'cted. adj. [malediclus, Latin.] Accurfed. DIB.
Malediction, n.f. [malediction, French; ntalediClio, Lat.J
Curfe ; execration ; denunciation of evil.
Then let my life long time on earth maintained be.
To wretched me, the laft, worft malediction. Sidney.
The true original caufe thereof, divine malediction, laid by
the fin of man upon thefe creatures which God hath made
for the ufe of man, was above the reach of their natural ca¬
pacity. Hooker, b. i.
In Spain they flayed near eight months, during all which
time Buckingham lay under millions of maledictions ; which
yet, upon the prince’s fafe arrival in the weft, did vanifh into
praifes. IFatten.
Malefaction, n.f. [male and facio, Latin.] A crime; an
offence.
Guilty creatures at a play
Have, by the very cunning of the feene.
Been ftruck fo to the foul, that prefently
They have proclaim’d their malefactions. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Malefa'ctor. n. f. [male and facio, Latin.] An offender
againft law; a criminal; a guilty perfon.
A jaylor to bring forth
Some monftrous malefactor. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Fear his word.
As much as malefactors do your fword. Roj'common.
It is a fad thing when men fhall repair to the miniftry, not
for preferment but refuge; like malefactors flying to the altar,
only to fave their lives. South's Sermons.
If their barking dog diflurb her eafe,
Th’ unmanner’d malefactor is arraign’d. Dryden's Juv,
The malefactor goat was laid
On Bacchus’ altar, and his forfeit paid. Dryden.
Male'fick. \ adj. [maleficus, Latin.] Mifchievous; hurtful.
Male'fique. > Diet.
MalepraCtice. n.f. [male and practice.] Pradlice contrary
to rules.
Male'volence. n.f. [malevolentia, Latin.] Ill will; inclina¬
tion to hurt others ; malignity.
The fon of Duncan
Lives in the Englifh court; and is receiv’d
Of the mod pious Edward with fuch grace.
That the malevolence of fortune nothing
Takes from his high refpedl. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Male'volent. adj. [tnalevolus, Latin.] Ill-difpofed towards
others; unfavourable ; malignant,
I have thee in my arms,
Though our malevolent ftars have ftruggled hard,
. And held us long afunder. Dryden's King Arthur.
Male'volently. adv. [from malevolence.] Malignly; ma¬
lignantly.
The oak did not only refent his fall, but vindicate him
from thole afperfions that were malevolently call upon him,
Howels Vocal Foreft.
Ma'lice. n.f [malice, French; malitia, Latin.]
1. Badnefs of defign ; deliberate mifehief.
God hath forgiven me many fins of malice, and therefore
furely he will pity my infirmities. Taylor's holy living.
2. Ill intention to any one; defire of hurting.
Duncan is in his grave ;
Malice domeftick, foreign levy, nothing
Can touch him further ! Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
To Ma'lice. v. a. [from the noun.] To regard with ill will.
Obfolete.
The caufe why he this fly fo maliced.
Was that his mother which him bore and bred.
The moil fine-fingered workman on the ground,
Arachne, by his means, was vanquifhed. Spenfer.
Mali'cious. adj. [1malicieux, French; malitiofus, Latin.] I1Jdifpofed to any one ; intending ill; malignant.
We muft not flint
Our neceffary a£fions in the fear
To cope malicious cenfurers; which ever.
As rav’nous fifties do a vellel follow
That is new trimm’d. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII,
I grant him bloody,
M A L
Sudden, malicious, fmacking of ev’ry fin
That has a name. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Stand up, O Lord, and be not merciful unto them that
offend of malicious wickednefs. Pfal, lix. 5.
Thou know’ll what malicious foe,
Envying our happinefs, and of his own
Defpairing, feeks to work us woe and ftiame. Milton.
The air appearing fo malicious in this morbifick Confpiracy,
exaifts a more particular regard. Harvey on Confumptions.
Maliciously, adv. [from malicious,] With malignity; with
intention of mifehief.
An intrigue between his majefty and a junto of minifters
malicioufly bent againft hie, broke out, and had like to have
ended in my utter deftrudtion. Gulliver's Travels.
Maliciousness, n.J. [from malicious.] Malice; intention of
mifehief to another.
Not out of envy or malicioufnefs,
Do I forbear to crave your fpccial aid. Herberts
Mah'gn. adj. [maligne, French; mallgnus, Latin: the g is
mute or liquefeent.]
1. Unfavourable; ill-difpofed to any one ; malicious.
Witchcraft may be by a tacit operation of malign fpirits.
Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
If in the conftellations war were fprung,
Two planets, rufhingfrom afpedl malign
Of fierceft oppofition, in mid fky,
Should combat, and their jarring fpheres confound. Milt.
Of contempt, and the malign hoftile influence it has upon
government, every man’s experience will inform him. South.
2. Infectious ; fatal to the body Tpeftilential.
He that turneth the humours back, and maketh the wound
bleed inwards, endangereth malign ulcers and pernicious impoftumations, 4 _ _ Bacon's Effays.
To Mali'gn. v. a. [from the adjeClive.j
1. To regard with envy or malice.
The people praClife what mifehiefs and villanies they will
againft private men, whom they malign, by Healing their
goods, or murdering them. Spenfer on Ireland.
It is hardly to be thought that any governor fhould fo ma¬
lign his fucceffor, as to fuffer an evil to grow up which he
might timely have kept under. Spenfer on Ireland.
Strangers confpired together againft him, and maligned him
in the wildernefs. „ Eccluf. xlv. 18..
If it is a pleafure to be envied and {hot at, to be maligned
Handing, and to be depifed falling; then is it a pleafure to
be great, and to be able to difpofe of mens fortunes. South.
2. To mifehief; to hurt; to harm.
Mali'gnancy. n.f [from malignant.]
1. Malevolence; malice; unfavourablenefs.
My ftars Ihine darkly over me ; the malignancy of my fate
might, perhaps, diftemper yours; therefore I crave your
leave, that I may bear my evils alone, Shakefpeare.
2. Deftructive tendency.
The infeClion doth produce a bubo, which, according to
the degree of its malignancy, either proves eafily curable, or
elfe it proceeds in its venom. IVifeman's Surgery.
Mali'gnant. adj. [;malignant, French.]
1. Malign; envious; unpropitious; malicious; mifchievous;
intending or effecting ill.
O malignant and ill-boading ftars !
Now art thou come unto a feaft of death. Shakefpeare.
Not friended by his wilh to your high perfon.
His will is moft malignant, and it ftretches
Beyond you to your friends. Shakefpeare's Henry VIIL
To good malignant, to bad men benign. Milton.
They have feen all other notions befides their own reprefented in a falfe and malignant light; whereupon they judge
and condemn at once. JVatts's Improvement of the Mind.
2. Hoftile to life: as, malignant fevers,
They hold, that the caufe of the gout, is a malignant va¬
pour that falls upon the joint; that the fwelling is a kindnefs
in nature, that calls down humours to damp the malignity of
the vapours, and thereby affuage the fharpnefs of the pain.
Temple's Mifcel.
Let the learn’d begin
Th’ enquiry, where difeafe could enter in ;
How thofe malignant atoms forc’d their way,
What in the faultlefs frame they found to make their prey ?
Dryden to the duchefs of Ormond.
Mali'gnant. n.f.
1. A man of ill intention; malevolently difpofed,
Occafion was taken, by certain malignants, fecretly to un¬
dermine his great authority in the church of Chrift. Hooker.
2. It was a word ufed of the defenders of the church and mo¬
narchy by the rebel feClaries in the civil wars.
Malignantly, adv. [from malignant.] With ill intention;
malicioufly; mifehievoufly.
Now arriving
At place of potency, and fway o’ th’ ftate.
If he fhould Hill malignantly remain
Now
M A L MAM
Vaf! foe to the Plebeians, your voices might
v»- , cur^es to y°urfelves. Shakejpeare's Coriolanus.
Maligner. n.J. [from malign.] One who regards another
'With ill will. b
buch as thefe are philofophy’s maligners, who pronounce
the moft generous contemplations, needlefs unprofitable fubtlctics. . ^ Glanville’s Apology.
I thought it neceflary to juftify my character in point of
cleanlinefs, which fome of my maligners call in queftion.
Gulliver's ’Travels.
Sarcaftical cenfurer.
Mali'gnity. n.J, [malignite, French.]
I- Malice; malicioufnefs.
Deeds are done which man might charge aright
On ftubborn fate, or undifeerning might,"
Had not their guilt the lawlefs foidiers known.
And made the whole malignity their own. Tickell.
2. Contrariety to life ; deftru&ive tendency.
Whether any tokens of poifon did appear, reports are va¬
rious; his phyficians difeerned an invincible malignity in his
difeafe. Hayward.
No redrefs could be obtained with any vigour proportionable to the malignity of that far-fpread difeafe. K. Charles.
3, Evilnefs of nature.
This fhows the high malignity of fraud, that in the natural
courfe of it tends to the definition of common life, by deftroying truft and mutual confidence. South's Sermons.
Mali'gnly. adv. [from malign.] Envioufiy; with ill will j
Tnifchievoufly.
•Left you think I railly more than teach.
Or praife malignly arts I cannot reach ;
Let me for once prefume t’ inftrudt the times. Pope.
Ma'lkin. n.f [from mal, of Alary, and kin, the diminutive
termination.] A kind of mop made of clouts for fweeping
ovens; thence a frightful figure of clouts drefted up 3 thence
a dirty wench. Hanmer.
The kitchen malkin pins
Her richeft Iockram ’bout her reechy neck,
Clamb’ring the walls to eye him. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Mall, n.f [malleus, Lat. a hammer.]
1. A ftroke ; a blow.
With mighty mall,
The monfter mercilefs him made to fall. Fairy Queen.
Give that rev’rend head a mall
Or two, or three, againft a wall. Hudihras, p. ii.
2. A kind of beater or hammer, [mail, French.]
He took a mall, and after having hollowed the handle, and
that part which ftrikes the ball, he enclofed in them feveral
drugs. Addifon’s Spefl. N°. 195.
3. A walk where they formerly played with malls and balls.
Moil is, in Iflandick, an area or walk fpread with (hells.
This the beau monde (hall from the mall furvey.
And hail with mufick its propitious ray. Pope.
To Mall. v. a. [from the noun.] To beat or ftrike with a
mall.
Ma'llard. n.f. [malart, French.] The drake of the wild
duck.
Antony
Claps on his fea-wing, like a doating mallard.
Leaving the fight in height. Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
The birds that are molt eafy to be drawn are mallard,
lhoveler, and goofe. Peacham on Drawing.
Arm your hook with the line, and cut fo much of a brown
mallard’s feather as will make the wings. Walton’s Angler.
Malleability, n.f. [from malleable.] Quality of enduring
the hammer; quality of fpreading under the hammer.
Suppofing the nominal effence of gold to be a body of
fuch a peculiar colour and weight, with the malleability and
fufibility, the real elfence is that conftitution on which thefe
qualities and their union depend. Locke.
Ma'lleable. adj. [malleable, French; from malleus, Latin,
a hammer.] Capable of being fpread by beating: this is a
quality pofi'efted in the moft eminent degree by gold, it be¬
ing more dudtile than any other metal; and is oppolite to
friability-or brittlenefs. Quincy.
Make it more ftrong for falls, though it come not to the
degree to be malleable. Bacon.
The beaten foldier proves moft manful,
That like his fword endures the anvil;
And juftly’s held more formidable.
The'more his valour’s malleable. Hudibras, p. ii.
If the body is compadl, and bends or yields inward to
preflion without any Hiding of its parts, it is hard and elaftick, returning to its figure with a force riling from the mu¬
tual attraction of its parts: if the parts Hide upon one an¬
other, the body is malleable or foft. Newton’s Opticks.
Ma'lleableness. n.f [from 7nalleablc.~\ Quality of enduring
the hammer; malleability ; duCtility.
The bodies of moft ufe that are fought for out of the
earth are the metals, which are diftinguilhed from other bo¬
dies by their weight, fufibility, and ?nalleablenefs. Locke.
To Ma'lleate. v.cu [from malleus, Latin.] To hammer;
To forge or (hape by the hammer.
He firft found out the art of melting and malleating me¬
tals, and making them ufeful for tools. Denham,
Mallet, n.f. [malleus, Latin.] A jvooden hammer.
The veflel foddered up was warily ftruck with a wooden
mallet, and thereby comprefied. Boyle.
I heir left-hand does the calking iron guide,
The rattling mallet with the right they lift. Dry'den.
Ma'llows. n.f. [tnalva, Latin; mxlepe, Saxon.]
The mallow has a fibrous root; the leaves are round or
angular: the flower conlifts of one leaf, is of the expanded
bell-fhaped kind, and cut into five fegments almoft to the
bottom : from the centre riles a pyramidal tube, for the moft
part loaded wtth many fmall threads or filaments : from the
centre of the flower-cup rifes the pointal in the tube, which
becomes the fruit, and this is flat, round, and fometimes
pointed, wrapt, for the moft part, within the flower-cup,
and divided into feveral cells fo difpofed round the axle, that
each little lodge appears moft artificially jointed within the
correfponding ftriae or channels : the feed is often fhaped like
a kidney : the fpecies are fix, of which the firft is found
wild, and ufed in medicine. Miller.
Shards or mallows for the pot.
That keep the loofen’d body found. Drydeni
Ma'lmsey. n.f.
1. A fort of grape. See Vine.
2. A kind of wine.
White-handed miftrefs, one fweet Word with thee.
—Honey, and milk, and fugar, there is three.
--Nay then two treys; and if you grow fo nice,
tv/tAMethcglin, Wort’ and malmfa’ Shakefpearei
lViAL< l . n.J. [mealt, Saxon; mout, Dutch.] Grain fteeped
in water and fermented, then dried on a kiln.
Beer hath malt firft infufed in the liquor, and is afterwards
boiled with the hop. Bacon’s Nat. Hid. N°. -208.
Ma'ltdust. n.f fnalt and dujl.J
Malt-duft is an enricher of barren land, and a great im~
prover of barley. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
Maltfloor. n.f. [malt and floor.] A floor to dry malt.
Empty the corn from the ciftern into themalt'-fooi. Mart.
To Malt. v.n.
1. To make malt.
2. To be made malt.
To houfe it green it will mow-burn, which will make it
worfe. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Ma ltdrink. n.f [malt and drink.] « *
All maltdrinks may be boiled into the confidence of a (limy
fyrup. Flayer on the Humours.
^ - LcTH°RSE* n’£ [ma t and horfe.] It feems to have been,
in Shakefpeare’s time, a term of reproach for a dull dolt.
You peafant fwain, you whorefon, you malthorfe drudge.
Shakefpeare’s Taming of the Shrew.
Mome, malthorfe, capon, coxcomb, idiot, patch. Shak.
Ma'ltman. 7 r rr . _ _
Maltster. \n'J' Hrom *malt.] One who makes malt.
_Sir Arthur the maltfler ! how fine it will found ! Swift
Tom came home in the chariot by his lady’s fide; but
he unfortunately taught her to drink brandy, of which (he
died ; and Tom is now a journeyman maltfler. Swift'
Malva'ceous. adj. [malva, Latin.] Relating to mallows. *
Malversa tion, n.f. [French.] Badlhifts; mean artifices r
wicked and fraudulent tricks.
Mam. ln.f [mamma, Latin: this word is faid to be
Mamma'. \ found for the compellation of mother in all lan¬
guages ; and is therefore fuppofed to be the firft fyllables that
a child pronounces.] The fond word for mother.
Poor Cupid fobbing fcarce could fpeak ;
Indeed, mamma, I did not know ye ;
Alas ! how eafy my miftake ?
I took you for your likenefs Cloe. Prior
Little matters and mifles are greatimpediments to fervanfs -
the remedy 1S to bribe them, that they may not tell tales to'
papa and mamma Swifts Rula to Straanto
Mamme'e tree, n.f
The mammet tret hath a rofaceous (lower, which conlifts
of feveral leaves placed m a circular order, from whofe cup
anfes the pomtal, which afterwards becomes an almoft fphencal flefhy fruit, containing two or three feeds indofed in
hard rough (hells. .....
Mdreftbef up. ”' ^r0m mam or mamma.] A puppet, a figure
Kate ; this is no world
1 o play with mammas, and to tilt with lips. Shakefp.
I atinYtjM' ° Jl French; mamma and forma,
Latin ] Having the (hape of paps or duaS. J
Mam nullary. adj. [mammillaire, Fr. mammiHaris, LatinA
Belonging to the paps or dugs.
A MMOCK. n.f. A large (hapelefs piece.
j he ice was broken into large mammocks. James’s Toyare.
Fo Ma mmock. *>. [from the noun.] To tear; to break ;
to pull to pieces.
I faw him run after a gilded butterfly; and he did fo fet
his teeth, and did tear it! Oh, I warrant, how he mam-
/IV/A/ un\r r rc • Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
MA'MMON. n.f. [Syriack.J Riches.
MAN.
M A N Man
MAN. n.f. [man, mon, Saxon.]
r. Human being.
The king is but a man as I am ; the viol'et fmells to him
as it doth to me; the element (hews to him as it doth to
me, all his fenfes have but human conditions. Sbakefp.
All the weft bank of Nilus is poffeffed by an idolatrous,
??w«-eating nation. Brerewood on Languages.
A creature of a more exalted kind
Was wanted yet, and then was man defign’d,
Confcious of thought. Dryden's Ovid.
Nature in man capacious fouls hath wrought,
And given them voice expreflive of their thought;
In 7nan the God defcends, and joys to find
The narrow image of his greater mind. Creech's Manilius.
A combination of the ideas of a certain figure, with the
powers of motion, and reasoning joined to fubftance, make
the ordinary idea of a man. Locke.
On human actions reafon though you can,
It may be reafon, but it is not man. Pope's Epiflles.
2.Not a woman.
Bring forth men children only !
For thy undaunted metal ftiould compofe
Nothing but males. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
I had not fo much of man in me.
But all my mother came into mine eyes.
And gave me up to tears. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Every man child fhall be eircumcifed. Gen. xvri. io.
Ceneus, a woman once, and once a man,
But ending in the fex (he firft began. Dryden's Mn.
A long time fince the cuftom began, among people of qua¬
lity, to keep men cooks of the French nation. Swift.
3*. Not a boy.
The nurfe’s legends are for truths receiv’d.
And the ?nan dreams but what the boy believ’d. Dryden.
A fervant; an attendant; a dependant.
Now thanked be the great god Pan,
Which thus preferves my loved life.
Thanked be I that keep a man,
Who ended hath this bloody ftrife:
For if my man muft praifes have.
What then muft I that keep the knave ? Sidney, b. i.
My brother’s fervants
Were then my fellows, now they are my men. Shakefp.
Such gentlemen as are his majefty’s own fworn fervants
fhould be preferred to the charge of his majefty’s fhips;
choice being made of men of valour and capacity rather than
to employ other mens men. Raleigh's EJfays.
I and my man will prefently go ride
Far as the Cornifli mount. Cowley.
5. A word of familiarity bordering on contempt.
You may partake of any thing we fay:
We fpeak no treafon, man. Shakefp. Richard III.
6. It is ufed in a loofe iignification like the French on, one, any
one.
This fame young fober-blooded boy doth not love me, nor
a man cannot make him laugh. Shakefp. Henry IV.
A man in an inftant may difeover the affertion to be impcllible. More's Divine Dialogues.
He is a good-natured man, and will give as much as a man
would defire. Stillingfeet.
By ten thoufand of them a man fhall not be able to ad¬
vance one ftep in knowledge. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Our thoughts will not be directed what objects to purfue,
nor be taken off from thofe they have once fixed on ; but
run away with a man, in purfuit of thofe ideas they have in
view. Locke.
A man would expert to find fome antiquities; but all they
have to {how of this nature is an old roftrum of a Roman
{hip. Addifon.
A man might make a pretty landfcape of his own planta¬
tion. Addifon.
7. One of uncommon qualifications.
Manners maketh man. William of Wickham.
I dare do all that may become a man;
Who dares do more is none.
—What beaft was’t then
That made you break this enterprife to me ?
When you durft do it, then you were a man;
And, to be more than what you were, you would
Be fo much more the man. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
He tript me behind, being down, infulted, rail’d.
And put upon him fuch a deal of man,
That worthied him. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Will reckons he fhould not have been the man he is, had
not he broke windows, and knocked down conftablcs, when
he was a young fellow. Addifon s Spelt. NJ. 105*
8. A human being qualified in any particular manner.
Thou art but a youth* and he a man of war from his
youth. 1 Sam- *vii- 33-
n. Individual. ,
* In matters of equity between man and man, our Saviour
has taught us to put my neighbour in the place of myfeif,
and myfelf in the place of my neighbour. Watts's Logick.
10. Not a beaft.
Thy face, bright Centaur, autumn’s heats retain.
The fofter feafon fuiting to the man. Creech's Manilius.
11. Wealthy or independant perfon : to this fenfe fome refer
the following paflage of Shakefpeare, others to the fenfe next
foregoing.
There would this moijfter make a man ; any ftrange beaft
there makes a man.. Shakefpedre's Tempejl.
What poor man would not carry a great burthen of gold
to be made a man for ever. Tillotfon's Sermons.
12. When a perfon is not in his fenfes, we fay, he is not his
own man. Ainf.
13. A moveable piece at chefs or draughts.
14. Man of war. A fhip of war.
A Flemifh man of war lighted upon them, and overmaftered them. Carew's Survey of Cornwall:
To Man. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To furnjfh v/ith men.
Your fhips are not well mann'd;
Your mariners are muliteers, or reapers. Shakefpeare.
A navy, to fecure the feas, is mann’d;
And forces fent. Daniel's Civil War.
It hath been agreed, that either of them fhould fend certain
fhips to fea well manned, and apparelled to fight. Hayivard.
Their fhips go as long voyages as any, and are for their
burdens as well manned. ~~ " Raleigh's EJJays.
He had manned it with a great number of tail foldiers,
more than for the proportion of the caftle. Bacon.
They man their boats, and all their young men arm.
Waller.
The Venetians could fet out thirty men of war, a hundred
gallies, and ten galeafes ; though I cannot conceive how they
could man a fleet of half the number. Addifon on Italy1
Timoleon forced the Carthaginians out, though they had
manned out a fleet of two hundred men of war. Arbuthnot.
2. To guard with men.
See, how the furly Warwick mans the wall. Shakefp.
There ftands the caftle by yond tuft of trees,
Mann'd with three hundred men. Shakefp. Richard II.
Tha fummons take of the fame trumpet’s call.
To Tally from one port, or man one publick wall. Tate.
3. To fortify; to ftrciigthen.
Adviie how war may be beft upheld,
Mann'd by her two main nerves, iron and gold,
In all her equipage. Milton.
Theodofius having mann'd his foul with proper reflexions,
exerted himfelf in the beft manner he could, to animate
his penitent. Addifon's Spell. Ntf. 164.
4. To tame a hawk.
Another way I have to man my haggard,
To make her come, and know her keeper’s call;
That is, to watch her. Shakefpeare.
5. To attend ; to ferve ; to wait on.
Thou whorefon mandrake, thou art fitter to be worn in
my cap than to wait at my heels : I was never manned with
agate till now. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
They diftill their hufbands land
In decodtions, and are mann'd
With ten empyricks in their chamber,
Lying for the fpirit of amber. Benj. Johnfon's Forejl.
6. To direcfF in hoftility ; to point; to aim. An obfolete word.
Man but a rufh againft Othello’s breaft.
And he retires. Shakefpeare's Othello.
MA'NACLES. n.f, [manicles; French, manicee from manus,
Latin.] Chain for the hands ; fhackles.
For my fake wear this glove;
It is a manacle of love. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Thou
Muft, as a foreign recreant, be led
With manacles along our ftreet. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus,
Such a perfon
Could fetch your brother from the manacles
Of the all-holding law. Shakefp. Aleaf. for Meafure.
Doctrine unto fools is as fetters on the feet, and like mana¬
cles on the right-hand. Eccluf. xxi. 19.
The bounds of the law good men count their ornament
and protection ; others, their manacles and oppreflion.
King Charles.
To Ma’nacle. v. a. [from the noun.] To chain the hands;
to fhackle.
We’ll bait thy bears to death.
And manacle the b&arward in their chains. Shakefpeare.
I’ll manacle thy neck and feet together. Sbakejpeara
Is it thus you ufe this monarch, to manacle and fhackle
him hahd and foot. Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scribe
To Ma'nace. v. a. [menager, French.]
1. To conduct; to carry on.
The fathers had managed the charge of idolatry againft the
heathens
16 A
Stillingfl et.
TJ1
1
MAN
Let her at lead the vocal brafs infpire.
And tell the nations in no vulgar drain,
What wars I manage, and what wreaths I gain. Prior.
2* To train a horfe to graceful adlion.
He rode up and down gallantly mounted, managing his
horfe, and charging and difcharging his lance;. Knolles.
They vault from hunters to the manag'd deed. Young.
3. To govern; to make tra&able.
Let us dick to our point, and we Will manage Bull I’ll
warrant you. Arbuthnot's Hijl. of John Bull.
4. To wield; to move or ufe eafily.
Long tubes are cumberfome, and fcar'ce to be eafily ma¬
naged. Neivton.
5. To hufband ; to make the obje£l of caution.
There is no more to manage ! If I fall.
It fhall be like myfelf; a fetting fun
Should leave a track of glory in the fkies. Dryden.
The lefs he had to lofe, the lefs he car’d.
To manage loathfome life,when love was the reward. Dryd.
6. To treat with caution or decency : this is a phrafe merely
Gallick ; not to be imitated.
Notwithftanding it was fo much his intered to manage his
protedant fubjedfs in the country, he made over his princi¬
pality to France. Addifon on Italy.
To Ma'nage. v. n. To fuperintend affairs; to tranfact.
Leave them to manage for thee, and to grant
What their unerring wifdom fees thee want. Dryden.
Mana'ge. v. a. [mefiage, menage, French.]
1. Conduit; adminidration.
To him put
The manage of my date. Shakefpeare's Tempejl.
This might have been prevented.
With very eafy arguments of love.
Which now the manage of two kingdoms mud
With fearful, bloody iffue arbitrate. Shakefp. K. John.
For the rebels which dand out in Ireland,
Expedient manage mud be made, my liege,
Ere further leifure yield them further means. Shakefpeare.
Young men, in the conduit and manage of aitions, em¬
brace more than they can hold, and dir more than they can
quiet. Bacon's Effays.
The plea of a good intention will ferve to fanitify the
word aitions; the proof of which is but too manifed from
that fcandalous doitrine of the jefuits concerning the direc¬
tion of the intention, and likewife from the whole manage of
the late rebellion. South's Sermons.
Whenever we take a drong biafs, it is not but of a moral
incapacity to do better, but for want of a careful manage and
difcipline to fet us right at fird. L'EJlrange's Fables.
2. Ufe ; indrumentality.
To think to make gold of quickfilver is not to be hoped ;
for quickfilver will not endure the manage of the fire. Bacon.
3. Government of a horfe.
In thy {lumbers
I heard thee murmur tales of iron wars;
Speak terms of manage to the bounding deed. Shakefp.
The horfe you mud draw in his career with his manage
and turn, doing the curvettb. Peacham.
Ma'nageable. adj. [from manage.]
1. Eafy in the ufe; not difficult to be wielded or moved.
The conditions of weapons and their improvement are,
that they may ferve in all weathers; and that the carriage
may be light and manageable. Bacon's EJJays.
Very long tubes are; by reafon of their length, apt to
bend, and {hake by bending fo as to caufe a continual trem¬
bling in the objects, whereas by contrivance the glaffes are
readily manageable. Newton's Opticks.
2. Governable; tra£lable.
Ma'nageableness, n.f [horn manageable.]
1. Accommodation to eafy ufe.
This difagreement may be imputed to the greater or lefs ex¬
aminefs or manageablenefs of the indruments employed. Boyle.
2. TraStablenefs ; eafinefs to be governed.
Management; n.f. [menagement, French.]
1. Conduct; adminidration.
Mark with what management their tribes divide;
Some dick to you, and fome to t’other fide. Dryden.
An ill argument introduced with deference, will procure
more credit than the prbfounded fcicnce with a rough, infolent, and noily management. Locke on Education.
The wronrr nianagement of the earl of Godolphin was the
only caufe of the union. Swift's Mifeel.
2. Pradtice ; tranfadlion; dealing.
He had great managements with ecclefiadicks in the view of
being advanced to the pontificate. Addifon on Italy.
Ma'nager. n.f. [{tom. manage.]
I. One who has the condudl or direction of any thing.
A fkilful manager of the rabble, fo long as they have but
cars to hear, needs fiever enquire whether they have any underdanding. South's Sermons.
MAN
The manager opens his fluice every night, and didributes
the water into the town. Addijon.
An artful manager, that crept between
His friend and {hame, and was a kind of fereen. o^e.
2. A man of frugality; a good hufband.
A prince of great afpiring thoughts: in the main, a ma¬
nager of his treafure, and yet bountiful, from his own rPc>~
tion, wherever he difeerns merit. Temple s Mifcel.
The moft fevere cenfor cannot but be pleafed with the
prodigality of Ovid’s wit; though he could have wjfhed,. that
the mafter of it had been a better manager. Drydetu
Ma'nagery. n.f [menagerie, French.]
1. Conduit; direction; adminiftration.
They who molt exaitly deferibe that battle, give fo ill an
account of any conduit or, diferetion in the managery of that
affair, that pofterity would receive little benefit in the mpft
particular relation of it. Clarendon, b. viii.
2. Hulbandry; frugality.
The court of Rome has, in other infiances, fo well attefted its good managery, that it is not credible crowns are
conferred gratis. Decay ofPiety.
3. Manner of ufing.
No expert general will bring a company of raw, untrained
men into the field, but will, by little bJoodlefs [kirmifties,
inftrudl them in the manner of the fight, and teach them the
ready managery of their weapons. Decay ofPiety.
Mana'tion. n.f. [manatio, Latin.] The ail of ifiuing from
fomething elfe.
MA'NCHE. n.f. [French.] A fleeve. , -
MaNchet. n.f. [rnichet, French. SVinnerd] A fmall loaf of
fine bread. ^
Take a fmall toaft of manchet, dipped in oil of fweet al¬
monds. Bacon„
I love to entertain my friends with a frugal collation; a
cup of wine, a difh of fruit, and a manchet. More's Dial.
Manchine'el tree. n.f. fhancanilla, Latin.]
The manchineel tree has male flowers, or katkins, which
are produced at remote diftances from embrios, which be¬
come round flefhy fruit, in which is contained a rough woody
nut, incloflng four or five flat feeds: it is a native of the
Weft Indies, and grows equal to the fize of an oak; its
wood, which is fawn out into planks, and brought to Eng¬
land, is of a beautiful grain, will polifh well and laft long,
and is therefore much efteemed in cabinet-makers work : in
cutting down thofe trees, the juice of the bark, which is of
a milky colour, muft be burnt out before the work is begun ;
for its nature is fo corrofive, that it will raife blifters on the
fkin, and burn holes in linen; and if it fhould happen to ffie
into the eyes of the labourers, they are in danger of lofing
their fight: the fruit is of the colour and fize of the golden
pippen, by which many Europeans have been deceived ; fome
of whom have greatly fuffered, and others loft their lives by
eating it, which will corrode the mouth and throat: the
leaves ©f thefe trees alfo abound with a milky juice of the
fame nature, fo that the cattle never fhelter themfelves under
them, and fcarcely will any vegetable grow under their (hade ;
yet the goats eat this fruit without any injury. Miller.
To MA'NCIPATE. v. a. [mancipo, Latin.] Toenflave; to
bind ; to tie.
Although the regular part of nature is feldom varied, yet
the meteors, which are in themfelves more unftable, and left
mancipated to ftated motions, are oftentimes employed to va¬
rious ends. Hale's Orighi ofMankind.
Mancipation, n.f. [from mancipaie.] Slavery; involuntary
obligation.
Ma'nciple. n.f. [manceps, Latin.] The fteward of a com¬
munity ; the purveyor; it is particularly ufed of the purveyor
of a college.
Their manciple fell dangeroufly ill.
Bread muft be had, their grift went to the mill:
This fimkin moderately ftole before.
Their fteward fick, he robb’d them ten times more.
Betterton's Miller ofTrompingtcn.
MANDA'MUS. n.f. [Latin.] A writ granted by the king,
fo called from the initial word.
Mandari'n. n.f. A Chinefe nobleman or magiftrate.
MaNdatary. n.f. [mandataire, Fr. from mando, Latin.]
He to whom the pope has, by virtue of his prerogative,
and his own proper right, given a mandate for his benefice.
Aylijfe's Parergon.
MaNdate. n.f. [mandatum, Latin.]
1. Command.
Her force is not any where fo apparent as in exprels maoidates or prohibitions, efpecially upon advice and confultation
going before. Hooker, b. i.
1 he neceflity of the times caft the power of the three
eftates upon himfelf, that his jnandates ftiould pafs for laws,
whereby he laid what taxes he pleafed. Howell's Vocal Foreji.
2. Precept; charge; commiflion, fent or transmitted.
Who
MAN
Who knows,
If the fcarce bearded Caefar have not font
His powerful mandate to you. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra:
This Moor,
Your fpecial mandate, for the ftate affairs,
Hath hither brought. Sbakefpcare's Othello.
lie thought the inundate forg’d, your death conceal’d. Dryd.
This dream all powerful Juno lends, I bear
Her mighty mandates, and her words you heat;:
Hafte, arm your Ardeans. Dryden's JEn.
MANDA'TOR. n.f. [Latin.] Dirc&qr.
A perfon is faid to be a client to his advocate, but a mafter and mandator to his prorfor. Aylife’s Parergon.
Mandatory, adj. [mandare, Latin.] Preceptive; diredory.
Ma'ndible. n.f. [mandibula, Latin.] The jaw 5 the inftrument of manducation;
He faith, only the crocodile moveth the upper jaw, as if
the upper mandible did make an articulation with the cra¬
nium. Grew's Mtfceum.
Mandi'bular. n.f [from mandilula, Latin.] Belonging to
the jaw.
Mandi'lion. n. f [/nandiglione, Italian.] A foldier’s coat.
Skinner. A loole garment; a fleevelefs jacket. Ainf.
Ma'ndrel. n.f. [mandrin, French.]
Mandrels are made with a long wooden fhank, to fit ftifF
into a round hole that is made in the work, that is to be
turned ; this mandrel is called a fhank, or pin-mandrel: and
if the hole the fhank is to fit into be very fmall, and the
work to be faftened on it pretty heavy, then turners faften a
round iron fhank or pin, and faften their work upon it.
Moxoris Mechanical Exercifes.
Ma'ndrake, n.f (mandragoras, Lat. mandragbre, Fr.]
The flower of the mandrake confifts of one leaf in the
fhape of a bell, and is divided at the top into feveral parts ;
the pointal afterwards becomes a globular foft fruit, in which
are contained many kidney-fhaped feeds : the roots of this
plant is laid to bear a refemblace to the human form. The
reports of tying a dog to this plant, in order to root it up,
and prevent the certain death of the perfon who dares to at¬
tempt fuch a deed, and of the groans emitted by it when the
violence is offered, are equally fabulous. Miller.
Among other virtues, mandrakes has been falfely celebra¬
ted for rendering barren women fruitful: it has a foporifick
quality, and the ancients ufed it when they wanted a nar¬
cotick of the moft powerful kind. Hill’s Mat. Med.
f Would curfes kill, as doth the mandrake’s groan,
1 would invent as bitter fearehing terms,
As curft, as harfh, and horrible to hear. Shaksfpeare.
Not poppy, nor mandragoras
Nor all the drowfy fyrups of the world.
Shall ever med’eine thee to that fweet fleep. Shakefpcare.
And fhrieks like mandrakes, torn out of the earth;
That living mortals, hearing them, run mad. Sbakefp.
Give me of thy fons mandrakes. Gen. xxx. 14.
Go, and catch a falling ftar.
Get with child a mandrake root. . Donne.
1^0 Ma'nducate. v. a. [manduco, Lat.] To chew; to eat.
Manduca'tion. n.f. [manducatio, Latin.] Eating.
Manducation is the action of the lower jaw in chewing the
food, and preparing it in the mouth before it is received into
the ftomach. Lfuincy.
As he who is not a holy perfon does not feed upon Chrift,
it is apparent that our manducation muff be fpiritual, and
therefore fo muff; the food, and confequently it cannot be na¬
tural flefh. Taylor's Worthy Communicant.
fvdANE. n.f. [maene, Dutch.] The hair which hangs down on
the neck of horfes, or other animals.
Dametas was tolled from the faddle to the mane of the
horfe, and thence to the ground. Sidney, b. ii.
A currie comb, maine comb, and whip for a jade. Tujfer.
The weak wanton Cupid
Shall from your neck unloofe his am’r»us fold ;
And, like a dew-drop from the lion’s mane,
Be fhook to air. Sbakefp. Troil. and Creffida.
The horfes breaking loofe, ran up and down with their
tails and manes on a light-fire. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
A lion lhakes his dreadful manet
And angry grows. Waller.
For quitting both their fwords and reins,
They grafp’d with all their ftrength the manes. Hudibras.
Ma'neater. n.f. [man and eat.] A cannibal; an anthropo¬
phagite ; one that feeds upon human flefh.
Ma'ned. adj. [from the noun.] Having a manfe.
MANES, n.f. [Latin.] Ghoft; (hade ; that which remains
of man after death.
Hail, O ye holy manes! hail again
Paternal afhes. Dryden’s Virg.
MANFUL, adj. [man andfull.] Bold; ftout > daring.
A handful
It had devour’d ’twas fo manful. Eludibras.
Ma'nfully. adv. [from manful.] Boldly; floutly.
MAN
Artimcfia behaved herfelf manfully in a great fight at fed*
when Xerxes flood by as a coward. 'Abbot.
1 I,flew him manfully in fight,
Without falle ’vantage, or bafe treachery: Shakefpcare.
He that with this Chriftian armour manfully fights againft,
and repels, the temptations and affaults of his fpiritual ene¬
mies j he that keeps his confidence void of offence, fhall en-
. joy peace here; and for ever. Ray on Creation.
Ma'nfulness. n.f [from manful.] Stoutnefs; boldnefs.'
Mangco'rn. n.f. [mengeny Dutch, to mingle.] Corn of fe-
. . veral kinds mixed : as, wheat and rye.
Ma'nganese. n. f. [manganefiai low Latin.]
Manganefe is extremely well known by name, though the
glaffinen uie it,for many different fubflances, that have the
fame effedt in clearing the foul colour of their glafs: it ii
properly an iron ore of a poorer fort; the moft: perfedl fort
is of a dark ir.dn grey, very heavy but brittle. Hill.
Manganefe is rarely found but in an iron vein. Woodward.
MANGE, n.f [de mangeaifon, French.]. The itch or fcab in
cattle.
The fheep died of the rot, and the fwine of the mangi:
Benj. Johnfon.
,,Tell what crilis does divine
The rot in fheep, or ?nange in fwine. Hudibras, p. i.
Ma'ncer. n.f. [.mangeoire, French.] The place or veffel in
which animals are fed with corn.
She brought forth her firft-born fon, and laid him in a
manger. Luke ii. 7.
A churlifh cur got into a mangers and there lay growling
to keep the horfes from their provender. L'EJlrange’s Fab.
Ma'nginess. n.f. [from mangy.] Scabbinefs; infection With
the mange.
To MA'NGLE. v. a. [mangelen, Dutch, to be wanting; mancus, Latin.] To lacerate; to cut or tear piece-meal ; to
butcher.
Caffio, may you fufpect
Who they fhould be, that thus have mangled you ? Sbak.
Y our difhonour
Mangles true judgment, and bereaves the ftate
Of that integrity which fhould become it. Sbakefpec.h
Thoughts my tormentors arm’d with deadly flings.
Mangle my apprehenfive tendereft parts;
Exafperate, exulcerate, and raife
Dire inflammation, which no cooling hferb.
Or medicinal liquor can affuage. Milton s Agoniflesi
The triple porter of the Stygian feat,
With lolling tongue, lay fawning at thy feet; V.
And, feiz’d with fear, forgot his mangled meat. Dryclen. 5
What could fwords or poifon, racks or flame,
But mangle and disjoint this brittle frame ! C.
More fatal Henry’s words; they murder Emma’s fame. 3
Priori
It is hard, that not one gentleman’s daughter fhould read
or underftand her own natural tongue; as any one may find,
who can hear them when they are difpofed to mangle a play
or a novel, where the leaft word out of the common road
difconcerts them. Swift to a young Lady.
They have joined the moft obdurate confonants without
One intervening vowel, only to fhorten a fyllable; fo that
moft of the books we fee now-a-days, are full of thofe
manglings and abbreviations. Swift's Let. to the Ld. Treafurer.
Inextricable difficulties occur by mangling the fenfe, and
curtailing authors. Baker’s Reflections on Learning.
Ma'ngler. n.f. [from mangle.] A hacker; one that deftroys
bunglingly.
Since after thee may rife an impious line,
Coarfe mangiers of the human face divine;
Paint on, till fate diffolve thy mortal part,
And live and die the monarch of thy art. Tickelh
Ma'ngo. n.f. [;mangoflan, Fr.] A fruit of the ifle of Java,
brought to Europe pickled.
The fruit with the hiifk, when very young, makes a good
preferve, and is ufed to pickle like mangoes. Mortimem
What lord of old wou’d bid his cook prepare
Mangoes, potargo, champignons; cavare. King,
Ma'ngy. adj. [from mange.] Infedled with the mange ; fcabby.
Away, thou iffue of a mangy dog !
I fwoon to fee thee. Sbakefp. Thnon ofAthens.
Manha’ter. n.f. [man and hater.] Milanthfope; one that
hates mankind.
Manhood, n.f. [from man.]
1. Human nature.
In Seth was the church of God eftablifhed ; from whont
Chrift defeended, as touching his manhood. Raleigh.
Not therefore joins the fon
Manhood to Godhead, with more ftrength to foil
Thy enemy. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xii.
2. Virility; not womanhood.
’Tis in my pow’r to be a fovercign now;
And, knowing more, to make his manhood bow. Dryden.
3. Virility; not childhood.
Tetchy
5
Man M A N
Tetchy and wayward was thy infancy;
hy fchool-days frightful, defp’rate, wild and furious ;
hy piime of manhood daring, bold and venturous. Shak.
By fraud or force the fuitor train deftroy,
And flatting into manhood, fcorn the boy. Pope's Odyjfey.
4. Courage; bravery > refolution ; fortitude.
Nothing fo hard but his valour overcame ; which he fo
guided with virtue, that although no man was fpoken of but
he for manhood, he was called the courteous Amphialus.
lU / Sidney.
mani ac. l adj. [mdniacus, Lat.] Raging with madnefs;
Mani'acal. \ mad to rage.
Epilepfies and maniacal lunacies ufually conform to the age
i\/r°/ t^le rnoon• . , Grew’s Cofmol. b. iii.
Ma nifest. adj. [manifejlus, Latin.]
I. Plain; open; not concealed ; not doubtful; apparent.
They all concur as principles, they all have their forcible
operations therein, although not all in like apparent and ma-
^manner ^ ^
1 hat which may be known of God is manifjl in them;
for God hath fliewed it unto them. Rom. i. 10.
, Pk was fore-ordained before the foundation of the world
but was manifejl in thefe laft times for you. 1 Pet. i. 20?
He full
Refplendent all his father manifejl
ExPrLefs’d- Milton's Pdradife Loft, b. x.
I hus manifejl to fight the God appear’d. Dryden’s JEn.
I faw, I faw him manfejl in view,
His voice, his figure, and his gefture knew. Dryden.
1. Detected, with of. J
Califtho there flood manfejl of fhame.
And turn d a bear, the northern ftar became. Dryden.
Manife st. n. f. [manfeJle,Yx. manfejlo, Italian.] Declara¬
tion ; publick proteftation.
You authentick witnefles I bring,
Of this my manifejl: that never more
This hand fhall combat on the crooked fhore. Dryden.
To Manifest, v. a. [manfejler, Fr. manfejlo, Lat.] To
make appear; to make publick ; to ftiew plainly ; to difeover.
Thy life did manifejl, thou lov’dft me not;
And thou wilt have me die allured of it. Shakefpeare.
He that loveth me I will love him, and manifejl myfelf to
hll£ , Johnxiv.21.
He was pleafed himfelf to aflume, and manfejl his will in,
our flelh, and fo not only as God kfrom heaven, but God vifible on earth, to preach reformation among us. Hammond.
This perverfe commotion
Muft manfejl thee worthieft to be heir
Of all things. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
Were he not by law withftood.
He’d manfejl his own inhuman blood. Dryden’s Juv.
It may be part of our employment in eternity, to contem¬
plate the works of God, and give him the glory of his wifdom manfejled in the creation. Ray on Creation.
Manifestation, n. f. [manifejlation, Fr. from manifejl.']
Difcovery; publication ; clear evidence.
Though there be a kind of natural right in the noble, wife
and virtuous, to govern them which are of fervile difpofition;
neverthelefs, for manifejlation of this their right, the aflent of
them who are to be governed feemeth necefiary. Hooker.
As the nature of God is excellent, fo likewife is it to know
him in thofe glorious manfejlatlons of himfelf in the works
of creation and providence. ' TillotJ'on’s Sermons.
The fecret manner in which acfls of mercy ought to be
performed, requires this publick manifejlation of them at the
great day. Atterbury’s Sermons.
Manife'stible. adj. [properly manfejlable.] Eafy to be made
evident.
I his is manfejlible in long and thin plates of fteel perfo¬
rated in the middle, and equilibrated. Brown’s Pulg. Err.
Ma NrFESTLY. adv. [from manfejl.] Clearly; evidently;
plainly. ]
We fee manfejlly, that founds are carried with wind. Bac.
Seels, in a ftate, feem to be tolerated becaufe they are
already fpread, while they do not manfejly endano-er the conftitution. 0 Swift
Ma'nifestness. n.f [from tnanfejl.] Perfpicuity; clear evi¬
dence.
MANIFE STO. n.f. [Italian.] Publick proteftation; decla¬
ration.
It was propofed to draw up a manfejlo, fetting forth the
grounds and motives of our taking arms. Addifon.
Ma'niFold. adj. [many and fold.] Of different kinds; many
in number; multiplied ; complicated.
When his eyes did her behold,
Her heart did feem to melt in pleafures manifold. Fa. £>u.
I error of the torments manifold,
In which the damned fouls he did behold. Spcnfer.
If that the king
Have any way your good deferts forgot,
Which he confeffcth to be manifold,
He bids you name your griefs. ’ Shakefp. Henry IV.
If any ma^i of quality will maintain upon Edward earl of
Glo’fter, that he is a manifold traitor, let hiih appear. Shak.
They receive manifold more in this prefent time, and in the
world to come life everlafting. Luke xviii. 30.
To reprefent to the life the manifold ufe of friendfhip, fee
how many things a man cannot do himfelf. Bacon’s EJfays.
They not obeying,
Incurr’d, what cou’d they Iefs ? the penalty;
And manifold in fin deferv’d to fall. Milton’s Par. Lojt.
My fcope in this experiment is manifold. Boyle on Colours.
We are not got further than the borders of the mineral
kingdom, fo very ample is it, fo various and manifold its
productions. Woodward?s Nat. Hijl.
Manifo'lded. adj. [?nany and fold.] Having many complica¬
tions or doubles.
His puiflant arms about his noble breaft.
And manifolded ftiield, he bound about his wrift. Fa. ftjht.
Ma'nifoldly. adv. [from manifold.] In a manifold manner.
T hey were manifoldly acknowledged the favers of that
country. Sidney, b. ri.
Mani'glions. n.J. [in gunnery.] Two handles on the back
of a piece of ordnance, caft after the German form. Bailey.
Ma'nikin. n.f. [;manniken, Dutch.] A little man.
This is a dear manikin to you, Sir Toby.
*—I have been dear to him, lad, fome two thoufand ftrong.
Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Ma'niple. n.f. [manipidus, Latin.]
1. A handful.
2. A fmall band of foldiers.
Manipular. adj. [from manipulus, Lat.] Relating to a ma¬
niple.
Manki'ller. n.f. [man and killer.] Murderer.
To kill mankillers man has lawful pow’r.
But not th’ extended licence to devour. Dryden’s Fables.
Mankind, n.f [man and kind.]
1. The race or fpecies of human beings.
Plato witnefleth, that foon after mankind began to increafe
they built many cities. Raleigh’s Hijl. of the World.
All mankind alike require their grace.
All born to want; a miferable race. Pope’s Odyffey
2. Refembling man not woman in form or nature. W
A mankind witch ! hence with her, out o’ door :
A moft intelligency bawd ! Shakefp. Winter’s Tale
Ma nlike. adj. [man and like.] Having the completion of
man. r
Such a right manlike man, as nature often erring, vet
lhews fhe would fain make. Sidney b.u
MA qLEw frf-J !2 and tef5‘J Without men; not manned. *
r Jj , !ter RaIeigh was wont to %> the Spaniards were
niddenly driven away with fquibs; for it was no more but a
flratagem of fire-boats manlefs, and fent upon the armada at
Calais by the favour of the wind in the night, that put them
m fuch terror, as they cut their cables. Bacon
MnefsLIN£SS‘ £fr0m manlyE] Dignity; bravery; ftoutYoung mafter, willing to ftiew himfelf a man, lets him¬
felf loofe to all irregularities; and thus courts credit and
manhnefs in the cafting off the modefty he has till then been
kept in. r T
Ma'nly. adj. [from man.] Manlike; becoming a man; firm**
brave ; flout; undaunted ; undifinayed.
As did ./Eneas old Anchifes bear,
Sol bear thee upon my manly Ihoulders. Shakefpeare
Let s briefly put on manly readinefs,
And meet i- th' hall together. Shakefpeare't Machcth
111 fpeak between the change of man and boy
W.th a teed voice; and turn two mincing fteps
Into a manly (hide Shakefp. Merchant of Venice
Serene and manly, harden’d to fuflain J
The load of life, and exercis’d in pain. Dryden’s Am,
See great Marcellus! how inur’d in toils, ^
He moves with manly grace. n j » -r.
tf [fr0“ With » nSn'” ‘
juice c°°-
gar, and with it a fharpnefs that renders it very agreeable •
1; . 1 thefe trees, exfudate a white honey juice
it ri onc[etcs into what we call manna, forming itlelf as
rrn, according to its different quantity, into final’ roundifo dropS> long flakes; what flo£s ou/jf
of thefe trees is all natural, but the Italians procure a forced
kind by wounding the trunks and branches : the fineft mama
Of all is that which oozes naturally out of the leaves in Auguff, after the feafon of collefting the common manna is
over: the Ircnch have another fort of manna, produced from
the
M A N M A N
the larch tree, of a very different genus of the alh, and the
very tree which produces oil of turpentine ; this is called
Brian^on manna, from the country where it is produced : our
black thorn, or ffoe tree, fometimes yield a true manna from
the ribs of the leaves in Autumn, but it is in a very fmall
quantity : there is another fort called the manna Perfta, pro¬
duced from a fmall prickly fhrub about four or five feet high,
growing in Egypt, Armenia, Georgia, and Perfia. The
Hebrews, who had been acquainted with the laft mentioned
fort of manna, when they found a miraculous food in the defert refembling it, did not fcruple to call it manna : this was
a conjecture the more natural to them, as they faw plainly
that this defeended from the heavens in form of a dew, and
concreted into the globules in which they found it; and the
received opinion at that time was, that the Oriental manna
Was formed in the fame manner; that it was a dew from the
clouds concreted on the plant, none fuppofing, in thofe
early times, that it was the natural juice of the fhrub upon
which it was found : it is however evident, that this was not
of the nature of manna, becaufe it melted away as the fun
grew hot, whereas manna hardens in that heat. It is but
lately that the world were convinced of the miftake of ?nanna
being an aerial produce, by an experiment being made by
covering a tree with fheets in the manna feafon, and the find¬
ing as much manna on it afterwards as on thofe which were
open to the air and dew. Manna is celebrated, both by the
ancients and moderns, as a gentle and mild cathartick. Hill.
It would be well inquired, whether manna doth fall but
upon certain herbs, or leaves only. Bacon’s Nat. Hift.
The manna in heaven will fuit every man’s palate. Locke.
MA'NNER. n.f. [maniere, French.]
1. Form; method.
In my divine Emilia make me bleft.
Find thou the manner, and the means prepare,
Pofleffion, more than conquell, is my care. Dryden.
2. Cuftom ; habit; fafhion.
As the onanner of fome is. New Tejlament.
3. Certain degree.
It is in a manner done already ;
For many carriages he hath difpatch’d ,
To the fea-fide. Shake/. King John,
The bread is in a manner Common. 1 Sam. xxi. 5.
If the envy be general in a manner upon all the minifters
<bf an eftate, it is truly upon the ftate itfelf. Bacon’s EJ/ays.
This univerfe we have pofleft, and rul’d
In a manner at our will, th’ affairs of earth. Paradife Reg.
Antony Auguftinus does in a manner confefs the charge.
Baker’s Refcttions on Learning.
4. Sort; kind.
All manner of men aflembled here in arms againff God’s
peace and the king’s : we charge you to repair to your dwel¬
ling-places. Sbakefpeare Henry VI. p. i.
A love that makes breath poor, and fpeech unable.
Beyond all manner of fo much I love you. Sbakefpeare.
What manner of men were they whom ye flew ? Judges.
The city may flourilh in trade, and all manner of outward
advantages. Atterbury.
5. Mien ; caff: of the look.
Air and manner are often more expreflive than words.
Clarijfa.
Some men have a native dignity in their manner, which
will procure them more regard by a look, than others can
obtain by the moll imperious commands. Clarijfa.
6. Peculiar way.
If I melt into melancholy while I write, I lhall be taken
' in the manner; and I fit by one too tender to thefe impreffions. Dotitie’s Letters.
It can hardly be imagined how great a difference was in
the humour, difpolition, and manner, of the army under Effex, and the other under Waller. Clarendon, b. viii.
Some few touches of your lordfhip, which I have endea¬
voured to exprefs after your manner, have made whole poems
of mine to pafs with approbation. Dryden’s Juv.
As man is known by his company, fo a man’s company
may be known by his manner of exprefling himfelf. Swift.
*j. Way; fort.
The temptations of prosperity infinuate themlblves after a
gentle, but very powerful, manner. Atterbury.
8. Character of the mind.
His princes are as much diftinguilhed by their manners as
by their dominions ; and even thofe among them, whole
charadlers feem wholly made up of courage, differ from one
another as to the particular kinds. Addifon.
9. Manners in die plural. General way of life ; morals; ha¬
bits.
The kinds of mufick have mod operation upon manners:
as, to make them warlike ; to make them foft and effemi¬
nate. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl. N°; 114.
Every fool carries more or lefs in his face the fignature of
his mdhners, though more legible in fome than others.
L’Efrange’s Fables.
We bring bur manners to the bleft abodes.
And think what pleafes us muff: pleafe the gods, jDryden.
10.[In the plural.] Ceremonious behaviour; ffudied civi¬
lity.
The time will not allow the compliment,
* Which very manners urge. Shdkefp. King Lear.
Thefe bloody accidents muff: excufe my manners,
1 hat fo neglected you. Sbakefpeare’s Othello.
Our griefs and not our manners reafon now. Sbakefpeare.
Ungracious wretch,
Fit for the mountains and the barbarous caves,
Where tnanners ne’er were preach’d. Sbakefpeare.
Dear Kate, you and I cannot be confined within the v/eak
lift of a country’s falhion : we are the makers of manners9
Kate. Shakefpcare’s Henry V.
Good jnanners bound her to invite
The ftranger dame to be her gueft that night. Dryden;
None but the carelefs and the confident would rulh rudely
into the prefence of a great man : and lhall we, in bur ap¬
plications to the great God, take that to be religion, which
the common reafon of mankind will not allow to be manners ? South's Sermons,;
, Your paflion bends
Its force againft your neareft friends ;
Which manners, decency, and pride,
. . Have taught you from the world to hide. . Swift;
Ma'nnerliness. n;f. [from mannerly.] Civility ; ceremonious!
complaifance.
Others out of mannerlinefs and refpedl to God, though
they deny this univerfal foul of the univerfe, yet have deviled
feveral fyftems of the univerfe. Hale’s Origin ofMankind.
Ma'nnerly. adj. [from manner.] Civil; ceremonious; complaifant.
Tut, tut; here is a mannerly forbearance. Sbakefpeare;
( Let me have
’What thou think’ft meet, and is moft mannerly. Shakefp.
Fools make a mock at fin, affront the God whom we
ferve, and vilify religion; not to oppofe them, by whatever
hiannerly names we may palliate the offence, is not modefty
but cowardice, and a traiterous defertion of our allegiance
to Chrift. Rogers’s Sermons'.
Ma'nnerly. adv. Civilly; without rudenefs.
When we’ve flipp’d.
We’ll mannerly demand thee of thy ftory. Sbakefpeare.
Ma'nNikin. n.f [man and klein, German.] A little man; d
dwarf;
ua'nnish. adj. [from man.] Having the appearance of as
man ; bold ; mafeuline ; impudent.
Nature had proportioned her without any fault, yet alto¬
gether feemed not to make up that harmony that Cupid de¬
lights in ; the reafon whereof might feem a mannifo counte¬
nance, which overthrew that lovely fweetnefs, the nobleft
power of womankind, far fitter to prevail by parley than by
battle. Sidney.
A woman, impudent and mannifh grown,-
Is not more loath’d than an effeminate man. Sbakefpeare.
When rnannifo Mevia, that two-handed whore,
Aftride on horfeback hunts the Tufcan boar. Dryden:
Manor, n.f. [nianiir\ old French; manerium, low Latin;
maner, Armorick.]
Manor fignifies, in common law; a rule or government
which a man hath over luch as hold land within his fee. Touch¬
ing the original of thefe manors, it feems, that, in the begin¬
ning, there wad a certain compafs or circuit of ground grant¬
ed by the king to fome men of worth, for him and his heirs
to dwell upon, and to exercife fome jurifdfcftion, more or
lefs, within that compafs, as he thought good to grant; per¬
forming him fuch ferviccs, and paying luch yearly rent for
the fame, as he by his grant required : and that afterward
this great man parcelled his land to other meaner men, in¬
joining them again fuch fervices and rents as he thought
good ; and by that means, as he became tenant to the king;
fo the inferiors became tenants to him : but thofe great men,
or their pofterity, have alienated thefe manlions and lands fa
given them by their prince, and many for capital offences
haye forfeited them to the king; and thereby they ftill re¬
main in the crown, or are bellowed again upon others. But
wholoever poffefles theft inanors, the liberty belonging to
them is real and predial, and therefore remains, though the
owners be changed. In thefe days, a manor rather fignifies
the jurifdidlion and royalty incorporeal, than the land or fite:
for a man may have a manor in grofs, as the law terms it,
that is, the right and intereft of a court-baron, with the perquifites thereto belonging. CoweL
My parks, my walks, my mariors that I had,
Ev’n now forfake me; and of all my lands
Is nothing left me. Shakefpeare’s Henry VL
Kinfmen of mine,
By this fo licken’d their eftates, that never
They lhall abound as formerly. O many
16 B Hare
M A N
Ilave broke their backs with laying manors on them
For this great journey. Shakefpeare’s Rich. II.
Manque'ller. n.f [man and cpellan, Saxon.] A murderer ;
a mankiller; a manflayer.
I his was not Kayne the manqneller, but one of a gentler
fpirit and milder fex, to wit, a woman. Carew.
Manse, n. f. [;manfto, Latin.] A parfonage houfe.
Ma'nsion. n. f. [manfio, Latin.]
1. Place of refidence; abode ; houfe.
All thefe are but ornaments of that divine fpark within
you, which being defcended from heaven, could not elfewhere pick out fo fweet a manfion. Sidney.
A fault no lefs grievous, if fo be it were true, than if fome
king fhould build his manfion-houfe by the model of Solo¬
mon’s palace. Hooker, b. v.
To leave his wife, to leave his babes,
His manfion, and his titles in a place.
From whence himfelf does fly ? he loves us not. Shakefp,
Thy manfion wants thee, Adarn, rife
Firft man, of men innumberable ordain’d ;
Firft father! call’d by thee, I come thy guide
To the garden of blifs, thy feat prepar’d. Milton,
A manfion is provided thee ; more fair
Than this, and worthy heav’n’s peculiar care.
Not fram’d of common earth. Dryden.
2. Refidence ; abode.
Thefe poets near our princes fleep.
And in one grave their manfions keep. Denham.
Manslaughter, n.f. [man andJlaugbter.]
1. Murder; deftruction of the human fpecies.
The whole pleafure of that book ftandeth in open manJlaughter and bold bawdry. Afcham's Schoolmajler.
To overcome in battle, and fubdue
Nations, and bring home fpoils, with infinite
ManJIaughter, fhall be held the higheft pitch
Of human glory. Milton's Par. Lofi, b. xl.
2. [In law.] The a£t of killing a man not wholly without
fault, though without malice.
Mansla'yer. n.f. [man andfay.'] Murderer; one that has
killed another
Cities for refuge for the manfiayer. Num. xxxv. 6.
Mansu'ete. adj. [;manfuetus, Lat.] Tame; gentle; not fe¬
rocious ; not wild.
This holds not only in domeftick and manfuete birds ; for
then it might be thought the effedt of cicuration or inftitut'ion, but alfo in the wild. Ray on Creation.
Ma'nsuetude. n.f. [manfuetude, French; manfuetudo, Lat.]
Tamenefs; gentlenefs.
The angry lion did prefent his paw,
Which by confent was given to manfuetude;
The fearful hare her ears, which by their law
Humility did reach to fortitude. Herbert.
Ma'ntel. n.f. [;mantel, old Fr.] Work raifed before a chim¬
ney to conceal it, whence the name, which originally fignifies a cloak.
From the Italians we may learn how to raife fair mantels
within the rooms, and how to difguife the fhafts of chimnies. Wotton's Architecture.
If you break any china on the mantletree or cabinet, gather
up the fragments. Swift.
Mantele't. n.f. [mantelet, French.]
1. A fmall cloak worn by women.
2. [In fortification.] A kind of moveable penthoufe, made of
pieces of timber fawed into planks, which being about three
inches thick, are nailed one over another to the height of
almoft fix feet: they are generally cafed with tin, and fet
upon little wheels; fo that in a liege they may be driven be¬
fore the pioneers, and ferve as blinds to fhelter them from
the enemy’s fmall-fhot: there are other mantelets covered on
the top, whereof the miners make ufe to approach the walls
of a town or caflle. Harris.
Manti'ger. n.f. [man and tiger."] A large monkey or ba¬
boon.
Near thefe was placed, by the black prince of Monomotapas’s fide, the glaring cat-a-mountain, and the man-mi¬
micking mantiger. Arbuth. and Pope.
Ma'ntle. n.f. [mantell, Welflb.] A kind of cloak or gar¬
ment thrown over the reft of the drefs.
We, well-cover’d with the night’s black mantle,
At unawares may beat down Edward’s guard,
And feize himfelf. Shakefpeare's Henry VI.
Poor Tom drinks the green mantle of the Handing pool.
Shakefpeare's King Lear.
T he day begins to break, and night is fled,
Whofe pitchy mantle over-veil’d the earth. Shakefpeare.
Their adlions were covered and difguifed with mantles,
very ufual in times of dilorder, of religion and juftice.
Hayward's Edward VI.
The herald and children are cloathed with mantles of
water green fattin ; but the herald’s mantle is ftreamed with
gold* Bacon's New Atlantis,
M A N
Before the fun.
Before the heav’ns thou Wert, and at the voice
Of God, as with a ?nantle, didft invert ,
The riling world of waters dark and deep,
Won from the void and formlefs infinite. Milton.
By which the beauty of the earth appears,
The divers-colour’d mantle which fhe wears. Sandys.
Upon loofening of his mantle the eggs fell from him at un¬
awares, and the eagle was a third time defeated. L'Eftrange,
Dan Pope for thy misfortune griev’d,
With kind concern and fkill has weav’d
A filken web; and ne’er fhall fade
Its colours : gently has he laid
The mantle o’er thy fad diftrefs.
And Venus fhall the texture blefs. Prior.
A fpacious veil from his broad fhoulders flew.
That fet the unhappy Phaeton to view;
The flaming chariot and the fteeds it fhew’d.
—And —— — the ——- — whole • - —' — —-- fable in the- mantle- 0' glow’d. — - — - j*Addifo ^01%•
To Ma'ntle. v. a. [from the noun.] To cloke; to cover;
to difguife.
As the morning fteals upon the night.
Melting the darknefs; fo their rifing fenfes
Begin to chace the ign’rant fumes, that mantle
Their clearer reafon. Shakefpeare's Tempefl.
I left them
I’ th’ filthy mantled pool yond your cell.
There dancing up to t: chins. Shakefpeare's Tempefl.
To Ma'ntle. v. n. “ne original of the fignification of this
word is not plain. .inner confiders it as relative to the expanfion of a mart. as, the hawk mantleth ; fhe fpreads her
wings like a mantle.]
1. To fpread the wings as a hawk in pleafure.
The fwan with arched neck.
Between her white wings mantling, rows
Her ftate with oary feet. Milton's Par. Lofi, b. viii.
2. To joy; to revel.
My frail fancy fed with full delight
Doth bathe in blifs, and mantleth moft at eafe;
Ne thinks of other heaven, but how it mio-ht
- Her heart’s defire with moft contentment pleafe. Spenfer.
3. To be expanded; to fpread luxuriantly. ~ '
The pair that clad
Each fhoulder broad, came mantling o’er his breaft
With regal ornament Milton's Par. Lofi, b. v.
The mantling vine
Lays forth her purple grape, and gently creeps
Luxuriant. Milton's Par. Lofi, b. iy.
I faw them under a green mantling vine.
That crawls along the fide of yon fmall hill.
Plucking ripe clutters. Milton.
You’ll fometimes meet a fop, of niceft tread,
Whofe mantling peruke veils his empty head. Gay.
He with the Nais went to dwell,
Leaving the nedtar’d feafts of Jove ;
And where his mazy waters flow,
He gave the mantling vine, to grow
A trophy to his love. Fenton's Ode to Lord Gown-.
4. To gather any thing on the furface ; to froth.
There are a fort of men, whofe vifages
Do cream and mantle like a Handing pond ;
And do a wilful ftillnefs entertain,
With purpofe to be dreft in an opinion
Of wifdom, gravity, profound conceit. Shakefpeare.
It drinketh frefh, flowereth, and mantleth exceedingly.
Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N6. 46.
From plate to plate your eye-balls roll,
And the brain dances to the mantling bowl. Pobe's Hr,ir,
5. To ferment; to be in fprightly agitation.
W hen mantling blood
Flow’d in his lovely cheeks ; when his bright eyes 1
Sparkl’d with youthful fires ; when ev’ry grace
Shone in the father, which now crowns the fon. Smith
Mantua, n.f [this is perhaps corrupted from manteau. Fr.]
A lady’s gown. ’ J
Not Cynthia, when her mantua's pinn’d awry
E’er felt lhch rage, refentment, and defpair, ' *
As thou, fad virgin ! for thy ravifh’d hair. Pope.
How naturally do you apply your hands to each other’s
lappets, ruffles, and mantuas. Swift.
Ia n ruAMAKER. n.f. [mantua and maker.] One who makes
gowns for women.
By profeflion a mantuamaker: I am employed by the moft
fafhionable ladies. Addifon's Guardian.
Manual, adj. [manualis, Latin; manuel, French.]
I. Performed by the hand.
The fpectilative part of painting, without the aftiftance of
manual operation, can never attain to that perfedtion which
is its object. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
2. UTed
M A N
2. Ufed by the hand.
The treafurer obliged himfelF to expiate the injury, to
procure l'ome declaration under his majefty’s fign manual.
Clarendon.
Ma'nual. n.f. A fmall book, fuch as may be carried in the
hand.
This manual of laws, ftiled the confeffor’s laws, contains
but few heads. Hale's Common Law of England.
In thole prayers which are recommended to the ufe of the
devout perfons of your church, in the manuals and offices
allowed them in our own language, they would be careful to
have nothing they thought fcandalous. Stillingfieet.
Manu'bial. adj. [.manubia;, Lat.J Belonging to fpoil; taken
in war. Diet.
MANU'BRIUM. n.f. [Latin.] A handle.
Though the fucker move eafily enough up and down in
the cylinder by the help of the manubrium, yet if the manu¬
brium be taken off, it will require a confiderable ftrength to
move it. Boyle.
Manudu'ction. n.f [manuduCtio, Latin.] Guidance by the
hand.
We find no open traft, or conftant manuduCtion, in this
labyrinth. Preface to Brown's Vulgar Errours.
That they are carried by the manuduCtion of a rule, is evi¬
dent from the conftant fteadinefs and regularity of their mo¬
tion. Glanville•
This is a direft manuduCtion to all kind of fin, by abufing
the confcience with undervaluing perfuafions concerning the
malignity and guilt even of the fouleft. South's Sermons.
Manufacture. n.J. [mdnus and facio, Latin; manufacture,
French.]
1. The praftice of making any piece of workmanftiip.
2. Any thing made by art.
Heav’n’s pow’r is infinite: earth, air, and fea.
The manufacture mafs the making pow’r obey. Dryden.
The peafants are clothed in a coarfe kind of canvas, the
manufacture of the country. Addifon on Italy.
To Manufacture, v. a. [manufacturer, French.] To make
by art and labour; to form by workmanftiip.
Manufacturer, n.f. ['manufacturer, French; manufaCiurus,
Lat.] A workman ; an artificer.
In the practices of artificers and the manufacturers of va¬
rious kinds, the end being propofed, we find out ways of
compofmg things for the feveral ufes of human life. Watts.
ToManumi'se. v. a. [manumitto, Latin.] To let free; to
difmifs from llavery.
A conftant report of a danger fo eminent run through the
whole caftle, even into the deep dungeons, by the compaffion of certain manumifed Haves. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
He prefents
To thee renown’d for piety and force.
Poor captives manumis'd, and matchlefs horfe. Waller.
Manumi'ssion. n.f. \rnanumijfion,Yr. manumiJfio,Yer\..] The
aft of giving liberty to Haves.
Slaves wore iron rings until their manumijfon or prefer¬
ment. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
The pileus was fomewhat like a night-cap, as the fymbol
of liberty, and therefore given to Haves at their manumijfon.
Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Manumi't. v. a. [manumitto, Latin.] To releafe from
fiavery.
Help to manumit and releafe him from thofe fervile drudge¬
ries to vice, under which thofe remain who live without
God. Government of the Tongue.
Thou wilt beneath the burthen bow.
And glad receive the manumitting blow
On thy ftiav’d flavilh head. Dryden's Juvenal.
Manu'rable. adj. [from manure.] Capable of cultivation.
7 his book gives an account of the manurable lands in every
manor. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Maku'r ance. n.f. [from manure.] Agriculture; cultivation.
An obfolete word, worthy of revival.
Although there fliould none of them fall by the fword, yet
they being kept from manurance, and their cattle from run¬
ning abroad, by this hard reftraint they would quickly de¬
vour one another. Spenfer on Ireland.
To MANU'RE. v. a. \manouvrer, French.]
1. To cultivate by manual labour.
They mock our fcant manuring, and require
More hands than ours to lop their wanton growth. Milt.
2. To dung ; to fatten with compofts.
Fragments of fhells, reduced by the agitation of the fea
to powder, are ufed for the manuring of land. Woodward.
Revenge her Haughter’d citizens,
Or fhare their fate : the corps of half her fenate
Manure the fields of Theffaly, while vre
Sit here, deliberating in cold debates. Addifon's Cato.
Manu're. n.f. [from the verb.] Soil to be laid on lands;
dung or compoft to fatten land.
When the Nile from Pharian fields is fled,
The fat manure with heav’nly fire is warm’d. Dryden.
3
M A N
Mud makes ah extraordinary manure for land that is fahcfy;
.Mortimer's Hujlandrys
MAnu'remenT; n.f [from manureA Cultivation; improve¬
ment.
The manurement of wits is like that of foils, where before
the pains of tilling or fowiiig, men confider what the mould
will bear. Wotton on Educations
Manu'rer. n.f. [from the verb.] He who manures land ; a
hulbandman.
Manuscript, n.f. [manufcrit, Fr. mdnufcriptum, Latin.] A
book written, not printed.
A colleftion of rare manufcripls, exquifitely written in Arabick, and fought in the moft remote parts by the diligence of
Frpenius, the moft excellent linguift, were upon fale to thd
jefuits. _ Wottom
Her majefty has perufed the mamfcript of this opera, and
given it her approbation. Dryden's Dedication to K. Arthur.
Ma'ny. adj. comp, more, fuperl. mof. [msenij, Saxon.]
1. Confifting of a great number; numerous; more than few.
Our enemy, and the deftroyers of our country. Hew many
°f us- Judg. xvi. 24;
When many atoms defcend in the air, the fame caufe which
makes them be many, makes them be light in proportion' to
their multitude. , ° Digby on the Soul.
7'he apoftles never give the leaft directions to Chriftians
to appeal to the hilltop of Rome for a determination of the
?nany differences which, in thofe times, happened among
them. _ _ . Tillotfon's Sermons-.
2. Marking number indefinite.
Both men and women, as many as were willing-hearted,
brought bracelets. Exod. xxxv. 22i
3. Powerful; with too, and in low language.
T'hey come to vie power and expence with thofe that are
too high, and too many, for them. L'EJIrange's Fables.
Ma'ny. n.f. [This word is remarkable in the Saxon for its
frequent ufe, being written with twenty variations: mameseo, maenego, rmemgeo, maemSo, maem5u, imemo, rmemu, maenygeo, mane^eo, mamgu, mamge, mamgo, menegeo, menego, menegu, memgeo, memge, memgu, me¬
mo, memu.]
1. A multitude ; a company; a great number; people*
After him the ralcal many ran,
Heaped together in rude rabblement. Fairy jjueck.
O thou fond many ! with what loud appiaufe
Did’ft thou beat heav’n with bleffing Bolingbroke. Shakefps
I had a purpofe now
To lead our many to the holy land ;
Left reft and lying ftill might make them look
Too near into my ftate. Sbakefp . Henry tV*
A care-craz’d mother of a many children* Shakefpeares
The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven,
but by no means fit to guide themfelves. South's Sermonst
There parting from the king the chiefs divide,
And wheeling Eaft and Weft, before their many ride* Dryd.
He is liable to a great many inconveniences every moment
of his life. Tillotfon's Sermonst
Seeing a great many in rich gowns, he was amazed to find
that perfons of quality were up fo early. Addifon s Freeholder.
2. Many, when it is ufed before a lingular noun, feems to be a
fubftantive.
Thou art a collop of my flelh,
And for thy fake have I fhed many a tear. Shakefpeare.
He is befet with enemies, the meaneft of which is not
without many and many a way to the wreaking of a malice.
L'Efrange's Fabless
Broad were their collars too, and every one
Was fet about with many a coftly ftone. Dryden.
Many a child can have the diftinft clear ideas of two and
three long before he has any idea of infinite* Locket
3. Many is ufed much in compofitioil.
ManycoToured. adj. [many and colour.] Having many co¬
lours.
Hail manycolourecl meffenger, that ne’er
Do’ft difobey the voice of Jupiter.
He hears not me, but on the other fide
A manycolour'd peacock having fpy’d,
Leaves him and me.
The hoary majefty of fpades appears ;
Puts forth one manly leg, to fight reveal’d,
The reft his tnanycoloured robe conceal’d. Popes
Manyco'rnered. adj. [many and corner.'] Polygonal; having
many corners.
Search thofe manycorner d minds,
Where woman’s crooked fancy turns and winds* Dryden.
Manyhe'aded. adj. [many and head.'] Having many heads.
Some of the wifer feeing that a popular lmenfce "is indeed
the manyheaded tyranny, prevailed with the reft to make Mufidorus their chief. Sidney, b. iii*
The proud Dueffa came
High mounted on her manykeaded beaft. Fairy jjhteen.
Shake/p. Tempefi
Donne.
The
Denham.
MAR ,
Fhc manyheaded beaft hath broke,
Or lhaken from his head, the royal yoke.
Thofe were the preludes of his fate.
That form’d his manhood to fubdue
The hydra of the manyheaded biffing crew. Dryden.
Many.la'nguaged. adj. [many and language.] Having many
languages.
Seek Atrides on the Spartan fhore;
He, wand’ring long, a wider circle made.
And manylanguag’d nations has furvey’d. Pope’s Odyffey.
Manype'opled. adj* \jnany and people.J Nurneroufly populous.
He from the manypeopl’d city flies ;
Contemns their labours, and the drivers cries. Sandys.
ManytFmes, an adverbial phrafe. Often ; frequently.
They are Roman catholick in the device and legend, which
are both of them manytirnes taken out of the feriptures.
Addifon on ancient Medals,
Map. n.f. ['mappa, low Latin.] A geographical picture on
which lands and leas are delineated according to the longi¬
tude and latitude.
Zelmane earneftly entreated Dorus, that he would bellow
a ?7iap' of his little world upon her, that Ihe might fee whe¬
ther it were troubled with fuch unhabitable climes of cold
defpairs, and hot rages, as her’s was. Sidney.
I will take thb map of Ireland, and lay it before me, and
make mine eyes my fchoolmalfers, to give my underftanding
to judge of your plot. Spenfer on Ireland.
Old coins are like fo many maps for explaining the ancient
geography. Addifon on ancient Coins.
O’er the map my linger taught to llray,
Crofs many a region marks the winding way •
From fea to fea, from realm to realm I rove.
And grow a mere geographer by love. Tickell.
To Map. v. a. [from the noun.] To delineate; to fet down.
I am near to the place where they Ihould meet, if Pifanio
have mapp’d it right. Shakefpeare’s Cymbelhe.
Maple tree. n.f.
The maple tree hath jagged or angular leavesthe feeds
grow two together in hard-winged veffels : there are feveral
lpecies, of which the greater maple is falfly called the fycamore tree ; the common maple is a tree frequent in hedge¬
rows. , t Miller.
The platane round.
The carver holme, the mapple feldom inward found. Spenf.
Of the rotteneft maple wood burnt to alhes they make a
ftrong lye. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
Ma'ppery. n.f. [from map.'] The art of planning and de¬
igning- ^ Hanmer.
The ftill and mental parts,
That do contrive how many hands lhall ftrike
When litnefs calls them on ;
They call this bedwork, mapp'ry, clofet war. Shakefpeare.
To Mar: v. a. [amypjian, Saxon.] To injure; to lpoil; to
hurt; to mifehief; to damage. Obfolete.
Lofs is no Ihame, nor to be lefs than foe.
But to be Idler than himfelf, doth mar
Both loofer’s lot, and vidtor’s praife alfo. Fairy LJueen.
The mailer may here only Humble, and perchance fall in
teaching; to the marring and maiming of the fcholar in learn¬
ing. Afcham’s Schoolmafler.
When priells are more in words than matter.
When brewers marr their malt with water. Shakefpeare.
I pray you mar no more trees with writing fongs in their
barks.
—I pray you jnar no more of my verfes with reading them
ill-favouredly. Shakefpeare’s As you like it.
Beware thine honour, be not then difgrac’d,
Take care thou mar not when thou think’ll to mend. Fairf.
Aumarle became the man that all did mar,
Whether through indiferetion, chance, or worfe. Daniel.
The ambition to prevail in great things is lefs harmful
than that other, to appear in every thing; for that breeds
confufion, and marrs bufinefs, when great in dependencies.
Bacon’s Ejfays.
O ! could we fee how caufe from caufe doth fpring !
How mutually they link’d and folded are :
And hear how oft one difagreeing fixing
The harmony doth rather make than marr ! Davies.
Ire, envy, and defpair,
Marr’d all his borrow’d vifage, and betray’d
Him counterfeit. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Had Ihe been there, untimely joy through all
Mens hearts diffus’d, had marr’d the funeral. Waller.
Mother!
Tis much tinfafe my fire to difobey:
Not only you provoke him to your coll.
But mirth is marr'd, and the good cheer is loft. Dryden.
MARANATHA. n.f. [Syriack.] It fignifies, the Lord comes,
or, the Lord is come; it was a form of the denouncing or
anathematizing among the Jews. St. Paul pronounces, If
any love not the Lord Jefus Chrift, let lym be anathema ?na~
M A R
ranatha, which is as much as to fay, May’ll thou be devoted
to the greateft of evils,. and to the utmoft feverity of God’s
judgments; may the Lord come quickly to take vengeance
of thy crimes. Calmet.
Mara'smus. n.f. [[xxf>a.cr[jt.b;y fiom {xocpoAvuf A confumption,
in which perfons wafte much of their fubftance. ffuncy.
Pining atrophy,
Marafnus, and wide-wafting peftilence. , Milt. Par. Lojl.
A marafnus imports a confumption following a fever; a
confumption or withering of the body, by reafon of a na¬
tural extinction of the native heat, and an extenuation of the
body, caufed through an immoderate heat.' Harvey.
Ma'rble. n.f. [marbre, French; marmor, Latin.] y
I. Stone ufed in ftatues and elegant buildings, capable of a
bright polifh, and in a ftrong heat calcining into lime.
He plies her hard, and much rain wears the marble.
Shakefpeare’s Henry VI.
Whole as the marble, founded as the rock. Shakefp.
Thou marble hew’ft, ere long to part with breath.
And houfes rear’ft, unmindful of thy death. Sandys.
Some dry their corn infected with the brine.
Then grind with marbles, and prepare to dine. Dryden.
The two flat fides of two pieces of marble will more eafily
approach each other, between which there is nothing but
water or air, than if there be a diamond between them; not
that the parts of the diamond are more folid, but becaufe the
parts of water being more eafily feparable, give way to the
approach of the two pieces of marble. Locke.
1. Little balls of marble with which children play.
Marbles taught him percuffion, and the laws of motion ;
nut-crackers the ufe of the leaver. Arbuthnot and Pope.
3- A ftone remarkable for the Iculpture or infeription ; as, the
Oxford marbles.
Ma'rble, adj-.
1. Made of marble.
Pygmalion’s fate reverft is mine.
His marble love took flefh and blood.
All that I worfhipp’d as divine,
That beauty, now ’tis underftood.
Appears to have no more of life,
Than that whereof he fram’d his wife. Waller.
2. Variegated, or red like ?narble.
Shall I fee far-fetched inventions ? fhall I labour to lay
marble colours over my ruinous thoughts ? or rather, though
the purenefs of my virgin-mind be ftained, let me keep the
true fimplicity of my word. Sidney, b. if.
The appendix fhall be printed by itfelf, Hitched, and with
a marble cover. Swift.
To Ma'rble. v. a. [marbrer, French, from the noun.] To
variegate, or vein like marble.
A fheet of very well fleeked marbled paper did not call any
of its diftincl colours upon the wall with an equal diffufion/
Boyle on Colours.;
Marian
Marbled with fage the hard’ning cheefe fhe prefs’d,
And yellow butter Marian’s /kill profefs’d. Gay’s Paflorals.
Marblehe ar ted. adj, [marble and heart.] Cruel; infenfi—
ble; hard-hearted.
Ingratitude ! thou marblehearted fiend.
More hideous, when thou fhew’ft thee in a child;
Than the fea monfter. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Ma rcasite. n.f
The term marcafite has beeh very improperly ufed by fome
for bifmuth, and by others for zink : the more accurate
writers however always exprefs a fubftance different from
either of thefe by it, fulphureous and metallick. The marcafite is a folid hard foffil, of an obfeurely and irreo-ularly foliaceous ftrudlure, of a bright glittering appearance, and na¬
turally found in continued beds among the veins of ores or
in the fiffures of ftone: the variety of forms this mineral puts
on is almoft endlefs : as it is generally found among the orea
of metals it is frequently impregnated with particles of them,
and of other foffile bodies, and thence affumes various colour^
and degrees of hardnefs. There are however only three diftmeft fpecies of it; one of a bright gold colour, another of
a bright hlver, and a third of a dead white ; the filvery one
feems to be peculiarly meant by the writers on the Materia
Medica. Marcafite is very frequent in the mines of Corn¬
wall, where the workmen call it mundick, but more fo in
Cermany, where they extract vitriol and fulphur from it, betides which it contains a quantity of arfenick. HiU.
1 he writers of minerals give the name pyrites and marcaJites indifferently to the fame fort of body : I reftrain the name
of pyrites wholly to the nodules, or thofe that are found
lodged in ftrata that are feparate: the marcafite is part of the
matter that either conftitutes the ftratum, or is lodged in the
perpendicular fiffures. Woodward Met. Foffils.
The acid fait diffclved in water is the fame with oil of ful¬
phur per campanam, and abounding much in the bowels of
the earth, and particularly in marcafitcs, unites itfelf to the
other ingredients of the marcafite, which are bitumen, iron,
copper,,
MAR M A R
copper, and earth, and with them compounds alum, vitriol,
and fulphur : with the earth alone it compounds alum * with
the metal alone, or metal and earth together, it compounds
vitriol; and with the bitumen and earth it compounds fulphur : whence it comes to pafs, that marcafites abound with
thole three minerals. Newton's Gpticks,
Here marcafites in various figures wait,
To ripen to a true metallick Rate. Garth's Dfipenfiatory.
March, n.fi. [from Mars.] The third month of the year.
March is drawn in tawny, with a fierce afpe£b, a helmet
upon his head, to {hew this month wa6 dedicated to Mars.
Peacham on Drawing.
To March, v.n. [marcher, French, for varicare* Menage,
from Mars, 'Junius.]
1. To move in military form.
Well march we on,
To give obedience where ’tis truly ow’d. Shakefipcare.
He marched in battle array with his power againft Arphaxad. Jud. i. 13,
Maccabeus 77iarched forth, and flew five-arid-twenty thoufand perfons. 2 Mac. xii. 26.
My father, when fome days before his death
He ordered me to Tnarch for Utica,
Wept o’er me. Addificn's Cato.
2. To walk in a grave, deliberate, or {lately manner.
Plexirtus finding that if nothing elfe, famine would at laft
bring him to deftruidion, thought better by humblenefs to
creep where by pride he could not march. Sidney, b. ii.
Doth York intend no harm to us,
That thus he 1narcheth with thee arm in arm. Shakefip.
Our bodies, ev’ry footftep that they make,
March towards death, until at laft they die. Davies.
Like thee appear,
Like thee, great fon of Jove, like thee,
When clad in rifing majefty,
Thou marcheji down o’er Delos’ hills.' Prior.
The power of wifdom march'd before. Pope's Odyfifiey.
To March; v. n.
I.To put in military movement.
Cyrus marching his army for divers days over mountains of
fnow, the dazzling fplendor of its whitenefs prejudiced the
fight of very many of his foldiers. Boyle on Colours:
2t. To bring in regular procefficn.
March them again in fair array*
And bid them form the happy day *
The happy day defign’d to wait
On William’s fame, and Europe’s fatev Prior,
March, n.fi. [marcher, French.]
1. Movement; journey of foldiers.
Thefe troops came to the army harrafied with a long and
wearifome marchy and caft away their arms and garments*
and fought in their fhirts. Bacon's War with Spain.
Who fhould command, by his Almighty nod*
Thefe chofen troops, unconlcious of the road.
And unacquainted with th’ appointed end,
Their marches to begin, and thither tend. Blackmore.
Their march begins in military {late. Van. ofhu. Wijhes,
2. Grave and folemn walk.
Waller was fmooth, but Dryden taught to join . }
The varying verfe, the full refounding line, C
The long majeftick march, and energy divine. Pope. )
3. Deliberate or laborious walk.
We came to the roots of the mountain, and had a very
troublefome march to gain the top of it. Addifien on Italy.
4. Signals to move.
The drums prefently {Iriking up a march, they make no
longer {lay, but forward they go diredlly towards-Neoftat.
Knolles's Hijl. ofi the Turks.
5. Marches, without fingular. [marcu, Gothick * meapc, Saxon*
marche, French.] Borders ; limits * confines.
They of thofe ?7iarches
Shall be a wall fufficicnt to defend
Our inland from the pilferring borderers. Shakefpeart,
1 he Englilh colonies were enforced to keep continual
guards upon the borders and 7narches round them. Davies.
It is not fit that a king of an ifland fhould have any marches
or borders but the four feas. Davies on Ireland.
Ma'rcher. n.fi. [from marcheur, French.] Prefident of the
marches or borders.
Many of our Englifh lords made war upon the Wellhmen
at their own charge ; the lands which they gained they held
to their own ufe * they were called lords marchers, and had
royal liberties. _ Davies on Ireland.
Ma'rchioness. n.fi. [feminine, formed by adding the Englifh
female termination to the Latin marchio.] The wife of a
marquis.
The king’s majefty
Does purpofe honour to you, no lefs flowing
Than march'tonefis of Pembroke. Shakefip. Henry VIII,
From a private gentlewoman he made me a marchionefis,
and from a 7/iarchionefis a queen, and now he intends to crown
my innocency with the glory of martyrdom; Bacon's Apobhtfr.
The lady marchionej), his wife, follieited very diligently the
timely prefervation of her hufband. Clarendon, b. viii;
Ma'rchpane. n.fi. [majfiepane, French.] A kind of fweet
bread, or bifeuit.
Along whofe ridge filch bones are met.
Like comfits round in marchpane fet. Sidney, b. ii.
Ma'rcid. adj. [marciclus, Latin.] Lean * pining * withered.
A burning colliquative fever, the fofter parts being melted
away, the heat continuing its adullion upon the drier and
flefhv parts, changes into a rnarcid fever. Harvey on Confi.
He on his own fifh pours the nobleft oil *
1 hat to your rnarcid dying herbs aflign’d,
. By the rank fmell and tafte betrays its kind. Dryden:
Ma'rcour. n.fi. [marcory Latin.] Leaimefs * the ftate of wi¬
thering; wafte of flelh.
Confidering the exolution and languof enfuing the addiort
of venery in fome, the extenuation and marcour in others,
it much^abridgeth our days. Brown s Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
A marcour is either irrrperfedt, tending to a Idler wither¬
ing, which is curable ; or perfedt, that is, an entire wailing
of the body, excluding all means of cure. Harvey on Conf:
Mare. n.fi. [mape, Saxon.]
I. The Female of a horfe.
A pair of courfers born of heav’nly breed*
Whom Circe {dole from her celeftial fire.
By fubfiituting mareSy produc’d on earth,
Whofe wombs conceiv’d a more than mortal birth. Dryd;
T. [From maray the name of a fpirit imagined by the nations
of the north to torment fleepers.] A kind of torpor or {dagnation, which feems to prefs the ftomach with a weight * the
night hag.
Mab, his merry queen by night,
Beftrides young folks that lie upright, f
In elder times the mare that hight, 3
Which plagues them out of meafure. Drayton's Nymphid.
Mufhrooms cauie the incubus, or the mare in the ftomach”
_ Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 546;
Ma'rescHal. n.fi. [marefichaly French, derived by Junius from
mare, the female of an horfe.] A chief commander of an
army.
O William, may thy arms advance,
That he may lofe Dinant next year,
And fo be niarefichal of France. Prior.
Ma'rgarite. n.fi. [margaritay Latin* marguerite, French.]
A pearl.
Silver is the fecond metal, and fignifies purity* among the
planets it holdeth with luna, among precious ftones with the
margarite or pearl. " Peacham on Blazoning 1
Ma'rgarItes. n.fi. An herb. Aihfi.
Marge. 1
Ma'rgent. in.fi. [margoy Latin* marge, French.]
Ma'rgin. )
The border * the brink * the edge * the verge.
He drew his flaming fword, and fdruck
At him fo fiercely, that the upper marge
Of his fevenfold fliield away it took. Dairy ApueeTiy b: ii.
Never fince
Met we on hill, in dale, foreft, cr mead*
Or on the beached margent of the fea. Shakefipcare,
An airy crowd came rulhing where he flood,
Which fill’d the margin of the fatal flood; Dryden's Aim
The edge of a page left blank, or fill’d with a ftiort note.
As much love in rhime*
As would be cramm’d up in a fbeet of paper
Writ on both fides the leaf, margent and all. Shakefipcare.
Reconcile thofe two places, which both you and the mar¬
gins of our bibles acknowledge to be parallel. Hammond,
He knows in law, nor text* nor margent. Swift.
3.The edge of a wound or fore.
All the advantage to be gathered from it is only from the
evennefs of its margin, the purpofe will be as fully anfwered
by keeping that under only. Sharp's Surgery.
Ma'rgIKaLv n.fi. [?/inrginaly French, from margin.] Placed,
or written on the margin-.
We cannot better interpret the meaning of thefe words
than pope Leo himfelf expoundeth them, whofe fpeech con¬
cerning our Lord’s afeenfion may ferve inftead of a marginal
E^ofs. Hookery b. v.
What remarks you find worthy of your riper obfervatlon
note with a marginal fdar, as being worthy of your fecond
year’s review, Watts's Logick.
Ma'rginated. adj. [maYginatusy Lat. from margin.] Having
a margin. 5
Ma'rgrave. n.fi. [marck and graff, German.] A title of fovereignty in. Germany * in its original import, keeper oF the
marches or borders.
Ma'riets. n.fi. A kind of violet. Did.
Ma rigold. n.fi. [Mary and gold.] A yellow flower, devotqd,
I fuppofe, to the virgin;
The
I.
2.
26 C
M A R MAR
1 ho marigold hath a radiated difcous flower; the petals of
them arc, tor the moft part, crenated, the feeds crooked and
rough ; thofe which are uppermoft long, and thofe within
fhort: the leaves are long, intirfe, and, for the moft part,
lucculent. Miller.
Your circle will teach you to draw truly all fpherical bo¬
dies. I he moft ot flowers ; as, the rofe and marigold. Peach.
The marigold, whole courtier’s face
Echoes the fun, and doth unlace
Her at his rife. Cleaveland.
Fair is the gilliflower, of gardens fweet,
Fair is the marigold, for pottage meet. Gay’s Paflorals.
To ALYrinate. v. a. [mariner, French.] To fait filh, and
then preferve them in oil or vinegar.
Why am I ftyl’d a cook, if I’m fo loath
To marinate my fifh, or feafon broth. Kings Cookefy.
Mari'ne. adj. [marinus, Latin.] Belonging to the fea.
The king was dellrous that the ordinances of England and
France, touching marine affairs, might be reduced into one
form. » HayUUard.
Vaft multitudes of fhells, and other marine bodies, are
found lodged in all forts of ftone. IVoodward.
No longer Circe could her flame difguife.
But to the luppliant God marine replies. Garth’s Ovid.
Mari'ne. n. f. \_la marine, French.]
I.Sea-affairs.
Nearchus, who commanded Alexander’s fleet, and Oneficrates his intendant-general of marine, have both left rela¬
tions of the ftate of the Indies at that time. Arhathnot.
1. A foldier taken on fhipboard to be employed in defcents upon
the land.
Ma'riner. n.f. [from mare, Latin ; marinier, French.] A
feaman ; a failor.
The merry mariner unto his word
Soon hearkened, and her painted boat ftraightway
Turn’d to the fhore. Fairy K>ueen, b. ii.
Your fhips are not well mann’d,
Your mariners are muliteers, or reapers. Shakefpeare.
We oft deceive ourfelves, as did that mariner who, miftaking them for precious ftones, brought home his fhip
fraught with common pebbles from the remoteft Indies.
Glanville’s Seep.
His bufy mariners he haftes.
His fhatter’d fails with rigging to reftore. Dryden.
What mariner is not afraid.
To venture in a fhip decay’d. Swift’s Mifcel.
Ma'rjor am. n.f. [marjoram, Lat. marjolaine, Fr.] A fragrant
plant of many kinds; the baftard kind only grows here.
The nymphs of the mountains would be drawn upon their
heads garlands of honeyfuckles, woodbine, and fweet marjoram. Peacham on Drawing.
Ma'rish. n.f. [marais, French; mejiyc, Saxon; maerfehe,
Dutch.] A bog; a fen ; a fwamp ; watry ground ; a marfh ;
a morafs ; a more.
The flight was made towards Dalkeith ; which way, by
reafon of the marijh, the Englifh horfe were leaft able to
purfue. Hayward.
When they had avenged the blood of their brother, they
turned again to the marijh of Jordan. i Mac. ix. 42.
Lodronius, carried away with the breaking in of the
horfemen, was driven into a marijh ; where, after being fore
wounded, and faft in the mud, he had done the uttermoft.
Knolles’s Hijl. of the Turks.
His limbs he coucheth in the cooler fhades;
Oft, when heaven’s burning eye the fields invades,
To marfoes reforts. Sandys’s Paraphrafe.
From the other hill
To their fix’d ftation, all in bright array.
The cherubim defeended ; on the ground
Gliding meteorous, as ev’ning miff:
Ris’n from a river, o’er the marijh glides.
And gathers ground faft at the labourer’s heel. Milton.
MTrish. adj. Morifh; fenny; boggy; fwampy.
It hath been a great endangering to the health of fome
plantations, that they have built along the fea and rivers, in
marijh and unwholefome grounds. Bacon's EJfays
The fen and quamire fo marijh by kind,
Are to be drained. Puffers Hufbandry.
Ma'rital. n.f. [maritus, Latin; marital, French.] Pertain¬
ing to a hufband ; incident to a hufband.
If ahy one retains a wife that has been taken in the a£I of
adultery, he hereby incurs the guilt of the crime of bawdry.
But becaufe repentance does, for the moft part, confift in the
mind, and fmee Chriftian charity, as well as marital affec¬
tion, eafily induces a belief thereof, this law is not obferved.
Aylijfe's Parergon.
It has been determined by fome unpolite profeflors of the
law, that a hufband may exercife his marital authority fo far,
as to give his wife moderate correction. Art of Tormenting.
Ma'ritated. aclj. [from maritus, Latin.] Having a huf¬
band. Dili.
MarFtIMAL. ) r u- tv • • . ~ -*
Ma'ritime r adj. [maritwins, foatin ; maritime, fr.]
1. Performed on the fea; marine.
I difeourfed of a maritimal voyage, and the paffagqp and
incidents therein. Raleigh’s EJfays-.
2. Relating fo the fea ; naval.
At the parliament at Oxford, his youth, and want of ex¬
perience in maritime fervice, had fomewhat been fhrewdly
touched. IVotton s Buckingham.
3. Bordering on the fea.
The friend, the Ihores maritimal
Sought for his bed, and found a place upon which play’d
The murmurring billows. Chapmans Iliadsi
Ercoco, and the lefs maritime kings
Monbaza and Quiloa. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. xi.
Neptune upbraided them with their ftupidity and iemorance, that a maritime town fhould negleCt the patronage of
him who was the god of the feas. Addfon's Freeholder.
Mark. n.f. [marc, Welfh; mcap.c, Saxon; mercke, Dutch;
marqUe, French.]
1. A token by which any thing is known.
Once was proclaimed throughout all Ireland, that all men
fhould mark their cattle with an open feveral mark upon their
flanks or buttocks, fo as if they happened to be ftolen they
might appear whofe they were. Spenfer on Ireland.
In the prefent form of the earth there are certain marks
and indications of its firft ftate; with which, if we compare
thofe things that are recorded in facred hiftory, we may difcover what the earth was in its firft original. Burnet.
The urine is a lixivium of the falts in a human body, and
the proper mark of the ftate and quantity of fuch falts; and
therefore very certain indications for the choice of diet may
be taken from the ftate of urine. Arbuthnot on Aliments
2. A token ; an imprelflon.
But cruel fate, and my more cruel wife.
To Grecian fwords betray’d my fleeping life :
Thefe are the monuments of Helen’s love,
The Ihame I bear below, the marks I bore above. Dryden.
’Twas then old foldiers cover’d o’er with fears
The marks of Pyrrhus, or the Punick wars.
Thought all paft fervices rewarded well.
If to their Ihare at leaft two acres fell. Dryden’s Juvenal
At prefent there are fcarce any marks left of a fobterraneous fire; for the earth is cold, and over-run with grafs and.
Ihrubs. Addifon on Italy.
3. A proof; an evidence. J
As the confufion of tongues was a mark of feparation fo
the being of one language is a mark of union. Bacon
The Argonauts failed up the Danube, and from thence
pafled into the Adriatick, carrying their fhip Argo upon their
moulders; a mark of great ignorance in geography amonothe writers of that time. Arbuthnot on Coin.Z
4. .Notice taken.
5. Conveniency of notice.
Upon the north fea bordereth Stow, fo called, per eminentiam, as a place of great and good mark and fcope.
s . . . , , Carew s Survey ofCornwall.
6. Any thing at which a miffile weapon is directed.
France was a fairer mark to Ihoot at than Ireland, and
could better reward the conqueror. Davies on Ireland.
Be made the mark
For all the people’s hate, the prince’s curfes. Denham
7. 1 he evidence of a horfe’s ao-e.
At four years old cometh the mark of tooth in horfes
which hath a hole as big as you may lay a pea within it •
and weareth lhorter and fhorter every year, till at eio-ht years
old the tooth is fmooth. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl N
8. [Marque, French.] Licence of reprifals. ’* ’
9. [Marc, French.] A fum of thirteen (hillings and fourpence•
-A? STTff0r rewal;d a thoufand marh- Shakefpeare.
Tin y of thefe pence make a mancus, which fome think
o be all one w.th a mark for that manca and mancufa is
tranflated, in ancient books, by marca. Camden’s Remains
Upon every writ for debt or damage, amounting to forty
pounds or more, a noble is paid to fine; and fo for every
hundred marks more a noble. n *
10. A character made by thofe who cannot write their names*.**
Here are marriage vows for fwnina ;
To m!/.Tr ^Ca,T‘°t Write^ Vryden’s King Arthur.
French ]* ^ ^merKen* ^utclG meapean, Saxon; marquer,
1. To imprefs with a token, or evidence.
Will it not be received,
hen we have mark'd with blood thofe fleepy two
Of his own chamber, and us’d their very dao-o-ers
That they have don't. ShaieJp. Macheth.
bor our quie poffcffion of things ufeful, they are naturally
marked where there is need. > r> r 1
2. To diftinguifh as by a mark. ‘ C°fmL
Tiiat
M A R M A R
That which was once the index to point out all virtues,
does now mark out that part of the world where lead of them
refides. Decay of Piety,
3. To note; to take notice of.
Alas, poor country !
Where fighs, and groans, and Ihrieks, that rend the air.
Are made, not mark’d! Shakefp. Macbeth.
Mark them which caufe divifions contrary to the dodirine
which ye have learned, and avoid them. Rom. xvi. 17.
Now fwear, and call to witnefs
Heav’n, hell, and earth, I mark it not from one
That breaths beneath fuch complicated guilt. Smith.
To Mark. v. n. To note ; to take notice.
Men mark when they hit, and never mark when they mifs,
as they da alfo.of dreams. Bacon’s Ejfays.
Mark a little why Virgil is fo much concerned to make
this marriage; it is to make way for the divorce which he
intended afterwards. Dryden’s Ain.
Mar'ker. n.f. [marqueur, French, from mark.]
1. One that puts a mark on any thing.
2. One that notes, or takes notice.
Ma'rket. n.f. [anciently written mcrcat, of mercatus, Lat.J
1. A publick time of buying and felling.
It were good that the privilege of a market were given, the
rather to enable them to their defence; for there is nothing
doth fooner caufe civility than many market towns, by reafon
the people repairing often thither will learn civil manners.
Spenfer on Ireland.
Miftrefs, know yourfelf, down on your knees,
And thank heav’n, falling, for a good man’s love:
For I mull tell you friendly in your ear,
Sell when you can, you are not for all markets. Shakefp.
They counted our life a pallime, and our time here a
market for gain. IVifd. xv. 12.
If one bulhel of wheat and two bulhels of barley will, in
the market, be taken one for another, they are of equal worth.
Locke,
2. Purchace and fale.
With another year’s continuance of the war, there will
hardly be money left in this kingdom to turn the common
markets, or pay rents. Temple.
The precious weight
Of pepper and Sabaean incenfe take.
And with poll-halle thy running market make*
Be fure to turn the penny. Dryden’s Perfius.
3. Rate; price. [marche, French.]
’Twas then old foldiers, cover’d o’er with fears,
Thought all pall fervices rewarded well,
If, to their lhare, at leaft two acres fell,
Their country’s frugal bounty; fo of old
Was blood and life at a low market fold. Dryden’s Jnv.
To Ma'rket. v. n. To deal at a market; to buy or fell;
to make bargains.
Ma'rket-bell. n.f. [market and belli] The bell to give no¬
tice that trade may begin in the market.
Enter, go in, the marketbell is rung. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Ma'rket-cross. n.f. [market and crofs.] A crofs fet up where
the market is held.
•Thefe things you have articulated.
Proclaim’d at markctcroffes, read in churches,
To face the garment of rebellion
With fome fine colour. Shakefpeare’s Henry IV.
Ma'rket-day. n.f. [market and dayrJ'The day on which
things are publickly bought and fold.
Fool that I was, I thought imperial Rome,
Like Mantua, where on marketdays we come.
And thither drive our lambs. Dryden’s Virgil.
He ordered all the Lucquefe to be feized that were found
on a marketday in one of his frontier towns. Addifon on Italy.
Ma'rket-folks. n.f. [market andfolks.] People that come to
the market.
Poor marketfolks, that come to fell their corn. Shakefp.
Ma'rket-man. n.f. [market and man.] One who goes to the
market to fell or buy.
Be wary how you place your words,
Talk like the vulgar fort of marketmen,
That come to gather money for their corn. Shakefpeare.
The marketman Ihould adl as if his mailer’s whole ellate
ought to be applied to that fervant’s bufinefs. Swift.
Ma'rket-m a id. n.f. [market and maid.] A woman that goes
to buy or fell.
You are come
A marketmaid to Rome, and have prevented
The ollentation of our love. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Ma'rket-place. n.f. [market and place.] Place where the
market is held.
The king, thinking he had put up his fword, becaufe of
the noife, never took leifure to hear his ar.fwer, but made
him prilhner, meaning the next morning to put him to death
in the marketplace. Sidney, b. ii.
The gates he order’d all to be unbarr’d,
And from the tnarkctplace to draw the guard. Drydeti.
Behold the marketplace with poor o’erfpread,
The man of Rofs divides the weekly bread. Pope
Market-price. } n.f [marEt and price of rate.] The price
Ma'rket-rate. at which any thing is currently fold.
Money governs the world, and the marketprice is the meafure of the worth of men as well as of fillies. L'Ejlrange.
He that wants a veil'd, rather than lofe his market will not
. flick to have it at the marketrate: Locke.
Ma'rket-town. n. f. A town that has the privilege of a
Hated market; not a village.
Nothing doth fooner caufe civility in any country than
markettowns, by reafon that people repairing often thither
will learn civil manners of the better fort. Spenfer:
No, no, the pope s mitre my mailer Sir Roger feized,
when they would have burnt him at our markettown. Gav.
Marketable, adj. [from market.]
1. Such as may be fold ; fuch for which a buyer may be found.
A plain filh, and no doubt marketable. Shakefpeare.
2. Current in the market.
I he pretorian foldiers arrived to that impudence, that
after the death of Pertinax they made open port fale of the
empire, as it it had been of common marketable wares.
rpi , 77 , Decay ofPiety,
1 ne marketable value of any quantities of two commodities
Are equal, when they will exchange one for another. Locke:
Ma rkman. I n.f. [mark and man.] A man fkilful to hit a
Ma'rksman. S mark.
In fadnefs, coufin, I do love a woman.
—I aim’d fo near when I fuppos’d you lov’d.
" A right good markfman. Shakefp. Romeo andfuliet:
Whom nothing can procure,
When the wide world runs bias from his will,
To writhe his limbs, and lhare, not mend the ill.
This is the markfman, fafe and fure.
Who Hill is right, and prays to be fo Hill. Herbert.
An ordinary markfman may know certainly when he Ihoots
left wide at what he aims. Dryden’s Ded. to the Sp. Fryar.
MARL. n.f. [marl, Wellh; mergel, Dutch; marga, Latin;
marie, marne, Fr. in Saxon, mepj Is marrow, with an allufive fignification, marl being the fatnefs of the earth.]
Marl is a kind of clay. Which is become fatter, and of a
more enriching quality, by a better fermentation* and by its
having lain lo deep in the earth as not to have fpent or
weakened its fertilizing quality by any product. Marl is
fuppofed to be much of the nature of chalk, and is believed
to be fertile from its fait and oily quality. Shtincy.
We underlland by the term marls fimple native earths,
lefs heavy than the boles or clays, not foft and undluous to
the touch, nor dudtile while moilt, dry and crumbly between
the fingers, and readily diffufible in water. Hill.
Marl is the bell compoll, as having moll fatnefs, and not
heating the ground too much. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 596.
Uneafy Heps
Over the burning marl, not like thofe Heps
On heaven’s azure. Milton’s Par. Lofl, b. i.
To Marl. v. a. [from the noun.] To manure with marl.
Thofe improvements by marling, liming, and draining,
have been been made fince money was at five and fix per
cei>ti Child's Difcourfe of Trade.
Sandy land marled will bear good white or blue pesfe.
Mortimer’s Hujbandry.
To Marl. v. a. [from, marline.] To fallen the fails with mar¬
line. Ainf.
Ma'rline. n.f. [meapn, Skinner.] Long wreaths of untwill¬
ed hemp dipped in pitch, wfih which the ends of cables are
guarded againlt fridiion.
Some the gall’d ropes with dawby marline bind
Or fearcloth malls with llrong tarpawling coats. ’ Dryden.
M!a rlixespike. n.J. A fmall piece of iron for faltening
ropes together, or to open the boit rope when the fail is to
be fewed in it. frailey.
Ma'rlpit. n.f. [marl pit.] Pit out of which marl is dug.
Several others, of different figures, were found ; part of
them in a rivulet, the rell in a marlpit in a field. Woodward.
Ma'rly. adj. [from marl.] Abounding with marl.
The oak thrives bell on the richell clay, and will penetrate
llrangely to come at a marly bottom. Mortimer.
MaRmalade. J n. f. [marmelade, Fr. marmelo, Portu'mefe
MaRmalet. ) a quince.]
Marmalade is the pulp of quinces boiled into a confiltence
with fugar : it is fuballnngent, and grateful to the llomach.
Marmora,'tion. n.f [marmor* Latin.] Incruftatio^ with
marble. *
MarmoRean. adj. [marmorcus, Lat] Made of marble Die?
MaRmoset. n.f [marmoufet, French.] A fmall monkey.
I will mllrudt thee how
To fnare the nimble marmozet. Sakefpearc’s Tempejl.
MARMOT.
3
M A 11
&ARMOT. ) , rt ,
MAKMO'rrO. \n-J' Lilian.]
1 he marmotto, or mus alpitius, its big or bigger than a
rabbit, which abfconds all winter, doth live upon its own
. ^at- Ray on Creation.
hiA rquetry. n.f [marqueterie, French.] Checquered work ;
work inlaid with variegation.
Mz/rquis. n.J. [marquis, French; marcbio, Lat. margrave,
German,]
i.In England one of the fecond order of nobility, next in rank
to a dttke.
Peace* mafter marquis, you are malapert;
Your fire-new ftamp of honour is fcarce current. Sbakefp.
None may wear ermine but princes, and there is a certain
number of ranks allowed to dukes, marquijfes, and earls,
which they muft not exceed* Peacham on Drawing.
2i Marquis is ufed by Shakejpeare for marchionejs. [marquife, Fr.J
You lhall have
1 wo noble partners with yon: the old duchefs
Of Norfolk, and the lady marquefs Dorfet. Shakefpeare.
Ma'rquisate. n.J. [marquifat, French.] The feigniory of a
marquis.
Ma'rrer. n. f. [from mar.] One who fpoils or hurts any
thing'. }
You be indeed makers, or marrers, of all mens manners
. 'vithin the realm. Afcharts Schoolmajler.
Ma rriage. n. j. [mariage, French; maritagium, low Latin,
from maritus.] "The add of uniting a man and woman for
life.
The marriage with his brother’s wife
Has crept too near his confcience. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
If that thy bent of love be honourable.
Thy purpofe marriage, fend me word to-morrow. Shakefp.
The French king would have the difpofing of the marriage
of Bretagne, with an exception, that he fhould not marry her
himfelf. _ Bacon.
Some married perfons, even in their marriage, do better
pleafe God than feme virgins in their ftate of virginity: they,
by giving great example of conjugal affedlion, by prefervin^
their faith unbroken, and by educating children in the fear
of God, pleafe God in a higher degree than thofe virgins
whofe piety is not anfwerable to their opportunities. Taylor.
I propofe that Palamon fhall be
In marriage join’d with beauteous Emily. Dryden.
MaRriage is often ufed in compofition.
Neither her worthinefs, which in truth was great, nor his
own fuffering for her, which is wont to endear affeddion,
could fetter his ficklenefs; but, before the marriage-dzy ap¬
pointed, he had taken to wife Baccha, of whom fhe comPIained* Sidney, b. ii.
I by the honour of my marriage-bed,
After young Arthur, claim this land for mine. Shakefp.
Thou fhalt come into the marriage chamber. Tob. vi. 16.
There on his arms and once lov’d portrait lay,
Thither our fatal marriage-bed convey. Denham.
To thefe whom death again did wed,
Tnis grave’s the fecond marriage-bed :
For though the hand of fate could force
’Twixt foul and body a divorce.
It could not fever man and wife,
Becaufe they both liv’d but one life. Crajhaw.
Give me, to live and die,
A fpotlefs maid, without the marriage-tie. Dryden.
In a late draught of marriage-articles, a lady ftipulated
with her hufband, that fhe fhall be at liberty to patch on
which fide fhe pleafes. Addifon’s Spebl. N°. 8i.
Virgin awake ! the marriage-hour is nigh. Pope.
Marriageable, adj. [from marriage.]
1. Fit for wedlock ; of age to be married.
Every wedding, one with another, produces four children,
and confequently that is the proportion of children which
any marriageable man of woman may be prefumed fhall have.
Gramt's Bills of Mortality.
I am the father of a young heirefs, whom I begin to look
upon as marriageable. Spebl. N°. 237.
When the girls are twelve years old, which is the mar¬
riageable age, their parents taka them home. Swift.
2. Capable of union.
They led the vine
1 o wed' her elm ; fhe fpous’d about him twines
Her marriageable arms, and with her brings
Her dow’r, th’ adopted cluflers to adorn
His barren leaves. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. v.
MaRried. adj. [irom marry.] Conjugal; connubial.
I bus have you fliun’d the marry d Hate. Dryden.
Ma RRow. n.f. [mejij, Saxon; Jtnerr, Erfe; frnergh, Scottifh. ]
All the bones of the body which have any confiderable
thicknefs have either a.large cavity, or they are fpongious,
and fuH of little cells. in both the one and the other there is
A R
aii oleageitous fwbfLlnce, called marrouv, contained in proper
vehicles or membranes, like the fat: in the larger bones this
fine Oil, by the gentle heat of the body, is exhaled through
the pores of its fmall bladders, and enters fome narrow paffages, which lead to fome fine canals excavated in the fubfiance of the bone, that the marrow may fupple the fibres of
the bones, and render them lefs apt to break. Sfuincy.
Would he were wafted, marrow, bones, and all,
That frc/m his loins no hopeful branch may fpring. Shak.
The fkull hath brains as a kind of marroiv within it: the
back-bone hath one kind of marrow, and other bones of the
body hath another : the jaw-bones have no marrow fevered,
but a little pulp of marrow diffufed. Bacon.
Pamper’d and edify’d their zeal
With marrow puddings many a meal. Hudibras, p. ii.
He bit the dart, and wrench’d the wood away,
The point ftill buried in the marrow lay. Addifon’s Ovid.
MaRrow, in the Scottifti dialed!, to this day, denotes a fel¬
low, companion, or aftociate ; as alio equal match, he met
vtitb his marrow.
Though buying and felling doth wonderful wel.
Yet chopping and changing I cannot commend
With theef of his marrow for fear of il end. Titjfer.
Marr'owbone. n.f. [bone and tnarrow.]
1. Bone boiled for the marrow.
2. In burlefque language, the knees.
Upon this he fell down upon his ?narrowbones, and begged
of Jupiter to give him a pair of horns. L’EJlrange's Fables.
Down on your marrowbones, upon your allegiance; and
make an acknowledgement of your offences; for I will have
ample fatisfaction. Dryden’s Spanijh Fryar.
Marr'owfat. n.f. A kind of pea.
Marrc/wless, adj. [from marrow.] Void of marrow.
Avaunt 1
Thy bones are marrowlefs, thy blood is cold;
Thou haft no fpeculation in thofe eyes.
Which thou doft glare with. Shakefp. Macbeth.
To MARRY. v. a. [marier, French ; maritor, Latin.]
1. To join a man and woman.
What! fhall the curate controul me \ Tell him, that he
fhall marry the couple himfelf. Gay’s What d’ye call it.
2. To difpofe of in marriage.
When Auguftus confulted with Mecsenas about the mar¬
riage of his daughter Julia, Mecaenas took the liberty to tell
him, that he muft either marry his daughter to Agrippa, or
take away his life; there was no third way, he had made
him fo great. Bacon’s Ejjfays, N°. 28.
3. To take for hufband or wife.
You’d think it ftrange if I fhould marry her. Shakefp.
Go in to thy brother’s wife, and marry her. Gen. xxxviii.
As a mother fhall fhe meet him, and receive him as a
wife married of a virgin. Eccluf. xv. 2.
To Ma'rry. V. n. To enter into the conjugal ftate.
He hath my good will,
And none but he, to marry with Nan Page. Shakefpeare.
Let them marry to whom they think beft. Num. xxxvi. 6.
Virgil concludes with the death of Turnus; for after that
difficulty was removed, ./Eneas might marry, and eftablifh
the Trojans. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
Marsh j j j
Mars C are derived from the Saxon menre, a fen, or fennv
MAs, i P,ace‘ Gibforts Camden.
Marsh, n.f [mejij-c, Saxon. See Marish.J A fen; a
bog ; a fwamp; a watry trail of land.
In their courfes make that round,
In meadows, and in marjhes found, t
Of them fo call’d the fayry ground, 3
Ot which they have the keeping. Drayton’s Nymphid.
Worms, for colour and fhape, alter even as the ground
out of which they are got; as the marjh worm and the ftaoW0 ‘ . . Walton’s Angle"
. . We may >ee in more conterminous climates great variety
in the people thereof; the up-lands in England yield ftron/,
finewy, hardy men ; the murjh-hnds, men of large and high
fla“e' , , ' Hale’s Origin of ManiinJ.
Your low meadows and marjh-hnds you need not lay up
till April, except the Spring be very wet, and your marjhes
very poac y. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Marsh-mallow, n.f [althaa, Lat.] It is in all reipedls like
t e mallow, but its leaves are generally more foft and woolly.
,. Miller.
^^SH'MARIGoLDi n- f [populago, Lat.] This flower confifts of feveral leaves, which are placed circularly, and ex¬
pand in form of a role, in the middle of which rifes the
pointal, which afterward becomes a membranaceous fruit, in
which there are feveral cells, which are, for the moft part,
bent downwards, collected into little heads, and are full of
fceds- . . Miller.
And fet foft hyacinths with iron-blue.
To fhadc marjh-marigolds of fhining hue. Drvden.
MARSHAL.
M A R M A R
MA'RSHAL. n. f. [marcfchal, Fr. marefchallus, low Lat. from
marfcale, old French ; a word compounded of mare, which,
in old French, fignified a horfe, and Jcale, a fort of fervant;
one that has the charge of horfes.]
1. The chief officer of arms.
The duke of Suffolk claims
To be high fteward ; next the duke of Norfolk
To be earl marjhal. Shakefpeare.
2. An officer who regulates combats in the lifts.
Dares their pride prefume againft my laws,
As in a lifted field to fight their caufe ?
Unafk’d the royal grant; no marjhal by.
As kingly rites require, nor judge to try. Drydeti.
3. Any one who regulates rank or order at a feaft, or any other
affembly.
Through the hall there walked to and fro
A jolly yeoman, marjhal of the fame,
Whofe name was Appetite; he did beftow
Both guefts and meats, whenever in they came,
And knew them how to order without blame. Fa. JJiieen.
4. An harbinger; a purluivant; one who goes before a prince
to declare his coming, and provide entertainment.
Her face, when it was faireft, had been but as a marjhal
to lodge the love of her in his mind, which now was fo well
placed as it needed no further help of outward harbinger.
Sidney.
To Ma'rshal. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To arrange; to rank in order.
Multitude of jealoulies, and lack of fome predominant
deiire, that fhould marjhal and put in order all the reft,
maketh any man’s heart hard to find or found. Bacon.
It is as unconceivable how it fhould be the directrix of fuch
intricate motions, as that a blind man fhould marjhal an ar¬
my. Glanville’s Seep.
Anchifes lock’d not with fo pleas’d a face.
In numb’ring o’er his future Roman race.
And tnarjlmlling the heroes of his name,
As, in their order, next to light they came. Dryden,
2. To lead as an harbinger.
Art thou but
A dagger of the mind, a falfe creation.
Thou marjharjl me the way that I was going. Shakefp.
Ma'rshaller. n.f. [from marjhal.] One that arranges; one
that ranks in order.
Dryden was the great,refiner of Englifh poetry, and the
beft marjhaller of words. Trapp's Pref. to the JEneis.
Ma'rshalsea. n.J'. [from marjhal.] The'prifon in Southwark
belonging to the marfhal of the king’s houfhold.
Ma'rshals’hip. n.J. [from marjhal.] The office of a mar¬
fhal. %.
Marshe'lder. n.f. A gelderrofe, of which it is a fpecies.
Marshro'cket. n.f. A fpecies of watercreffes.
Ma rshy, adj. [from marjh.]
J • Boggy ; wet; fenny ; fwampy.
Though here the marfhy grounds approach your fields,
And there the foil a ftony harveft yields. Dryden's Virg.
It is a diftemper of lljch as inhabit marfloy, fat, low, moift
foils, near ftagnating water. Arbuthnot on Diet.
2. Produced in marfhes.
Feed
"With dehcates of leaves and marfhy weed. Dryden.
Mart. n.J. [contracted from market.]
1. A place of publick traffick.
Chrift could not fuller that the temple fhould ferve for a
place of mart, nor the apoftle of Chrift that the church fhould
be made an inn. Hooker, b. v.
If any born at Ephefus
Be feen at Syracufan marts and fairs,
hie dies. Shakefpeare.
Ezechiel, in the defeription of Tyre, and the exceeding
trade that it had with all the Eaft as the only mart town, reciteth both the people with whom they commerce, and alfo
what commodities every country yielded. Raleigh.
Many may come to a great mart of the beft horfes.
Temple's Mifcel.
I he French, fince the acceffion of the Spanifh monarchy,
fupply with cloth the beft mart we had in Europe. Addijon.
2. Bargain ; purchafe and fale.
I play a merchant’s part,
And venture madly on a defperate mart. Shakefp.
3. Letters of mart. See Mark.
To Mart. v. a. [from the noun.] To traffick; to buy or
fell.
Sooth when I was young I wou’d have ranfack’d
The pedlar’s filken treafury, you’ve let him go.
And nothing marted with him. • Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
Caffius, you yourfelf,
Do fell and mart your offices for gold
To undefervers. Shakefp. Julius Cecfar.
If he fhall think it fit,
A faucy ftrariger in his court to mart,
As in a ftew. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Ma'rtern. lmart‘> rire, Fr. martes, Lat.]
1. A large kind of weefcl whofe fur is much valued.
2. [Martelet, Fr.] A kind of fwallow that builds in houfes;
a martlet.
A churchwarden, to exprefs St. Martin’s in the Fields,
caufed to be engraved, on the communion cup, a martin,
a bird like a fwallow, fitting upon a mole-hill between two
trees. Peacham on Blazoning.
Ma'rtial. adj. [martial, Fr. martialis, Latin.]
1. Warlike; fighting; given to war; brave.
Into my feeble breaft
Come gently, but not with that mighty rage
Wherewith the martial troopes thou doft infeft.
And hearts of great heroes doft enrage. Fairy Jfueen.
The queen of martials,
And Mars himfelf conduced them. Chapman's Iliad.
It hath feldom been feen, that the far fouthern people have
invaded the northern, but contrariwife; whereby it is manifeft, that the northern trail of the world is the more martial
region. Bacon's EJJays.
His fubjeits call’d aloud for war;
But peaceful kings o’er martial people fet.
Each other’s poize and counterbalance are. Dryden:
2. Having a warlike fhow; fwiting war.
See
His thoufands, in what martial equipage
They iffue forth ! Steel bows and fhafts their arms,
Of equal dread in flight or in purfuit. Milton's Par. Reg.
When our country’s caufe provokes to arms,
How inartial mufick ev’ry bofom warms. Pope.
3. Belonging to war; not civil; not according to the rules or
praifice of peaceable government.
Let his neck anfwer for it, if there is any martial law in
the world. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
They proceeded in a kind of martialjuftice with their ene¬
mies, offering them their law before they drew their fword.
Bacon’s holy War.
4. Borrowing qualities from the planet Mars.
The natures of the fixed ftars are aftrologically differenced
by the planets, and efteemed martial or jovial according to
the colours whereby they anfwer thefe planets. Brown.
5. Having parts or properties of iron, which is called Mars by
the chemifts.
Ma'rtialist. n.f. [from martial.] A warrior; a fighter.
Many brave adventrous fpirits fell for love of her; amongft
others the high-hearted martialifl, who firft loft his hands,
then one of his chiefeft limbs, and laftly his life. Howell.
Ma'rtingal. n.f. [martingale, French.] It is a broad ftrap
made faft to the girths under the belly of a horfe, and runs
between the two legs to fallen the other end, under the nofeband of the bridle. Harris.
Marti'nmas. n.f. [martin and mafs.] The feaft of St. Mar¬
tin ; the eleventh of November, commonly corrupted to martilmafs or martlemafs.
Martilmas beefe doth bear good tacke.
When countrey-folke do dainties lacke. Tuffer’s Hufb.
\ n-f- [martinet, French.] A kind of fwallow. iVi.A rtlet. j j
This gueft of Summer,
The temple-haunting martlet does approve
By his lov’d manfionry, that heaven’s breath
Smells wooingly here. No jutting frieze,
Buttrice, nor coigne of vantage, but this bird
Hath made his pendant bed, and procreant cradle.
Where they moft breed and haunt, I have obferv’d
The air is delicate. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
As in a drought the thirfty creatures cry,
And gape upon the gather’d clouds for rain;
Then firft the martlet meets it in the Iky,
And with wet wings joys all the feather’d train. Dryden.
Ma'rtnets. n. f. They are fmall lines faftened to the leetch
of the fail, to bring that part of the leetch which is next to
the yard-arm clofe up to the yard, when the fail is to be
furled. Bailey.
MA'RTYR. n.f. [/udplvg; martyr, French.] One who by
his death bears witnels to the truth.
Prayers and tears may ferve a good man’s turn ; if not to
conquer as a foldier, yet to fufter as a martyr. King Charles.
Thus could not the mouths of worthy martyrs be filenced.
Brown.
Nearer heav’n his virtues fhone more bright.
Like riling flames expanding in their height,
The martyr's glory crown’d the foldier’s fight. Dryden.
To be a martyr fignifies only to witnels the truth of Chrift;
but the witneffing of the truth was then fo generally attended
with perfecution, that martyrdom now fignifies not only to
witnels, but to witnefs by death. Southis Sermons.
I he firft martyr for Chriftianity was encouraged, in his
laft moments, by a vifion of that divine perfon for whom he
fuftered. Addijon on the Chrijlian Religion.
J
16 D Socrates,
Mas
Socrates,
'-p „mth S early chariipion, martyr for his God. Tho'mfoh.
1 oMartyr. v. a. [from the noun.]
I- To put to death for virtue.
2. To murder; to deftroy.
You could not beg for grace:
Hark wretches* how I mean to martyr you:
This one hand yet is left to cut your throats. Shakefpeare.
If to every common funeral,}
By your eyes martyr'd, fuch grace were allow’d,
Your face would wear not patches, but a cloud. Suckling.
Ma'rtyrdom. n.J. [from martyr.~\ The death of a martyr;
the honour of a martyr.
, If an infidel fhould purfue to death an heretick profefling
Chriftianity only .for Chriftian profeflion fake, could we deny
unto him the honour of martyrdom ? Hooker, b. v.
Now that he hath left no higher degree of earthly honour,
he intends to crown their innocency with the glory of mar¬
tyrdom. Bacon.
Herod, whofe unbleft
Hand, O ! what dares not jealous greatnefs ? tore
A thoufand fweet babes from their mother’s breaft.
The blooms of martyrdom. Crafhaw.
What mills of providence are thefe.
So faints, by fupernatural pow’r fet free,
Are left at laft in martyrdom to die. Dryden.
Martyro'logy. n.J'. [martyrologe, Fr. martyrologium, Lat.j
A regifter of martyrs.
In the Roman martyrology we find at one time many thou¬
fand martyrs deftroyed byDioclefian, being met together in a
church, rather than efcape by offering a little incenfe at their
coming out. . Stillingfleet.
Martyro'logist. n.f [martyrologifle, French.] A writer of
martyrology.
Ma'rvel. n.f [merveille, French.] A wonder; any thing
aftonilhing. Little in ufe.
A marvel it were, if a man could efpy, in the whole feripture, nothing which might breed a probable opinion, that
divine authority was the fame way inclinable. Hooker.
I am fcarce in breath, my lord.
— No marvel, you have fo beftir’d your valour; you
cowardly rafcal ! Shakefpeare's King Lear.
No marvel
My lord protestor's hawks do towre fo well. Shakefpeare.
Marvel of Peru. A flower. Ainf.
To Ma'rvel. v. n. [merveille, French.] To wonder; to be
affonilhed. Difufed.
You make me marvel. Shakefpeare.
Harry, I do not only marvel where thou fpendeft thy time,
but alfo how thou art accompanied. Shakefpeare.
— The army marvelled at it. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
The countries marvelled at thee for thy fongs, proverbs,
and parables. Eccluf. xlvii. 17.
Ma'rvellous. adj. [.merveilleux, French.]
1. Wonderful; ftrange ; aftonilhing.
She has a marvellous white hand, I mull confefs. Shakefp.
This is the Lord’s doing; it is marvellous in our eyes.
Pfal. cxviii. 23.
2. Surpafling credit.
The marvellous fable includes whatever is fupernatural, and
'efpecially the machines of the gods. Pope’s Pref. to the Iliad.
3. The marvellous is ufed, in works of criticifm, to exprefs any
thing exceeding natural power, oppofed to the probable.
Ma'rvellqusly. adv. [from jnarvellous.~\ Wonderfully ;
ftrangely;
You look not well, feignior Antonio ;
\ ou have too much refpect upon the world ;
They iofe it that do buy it with much care.
Believe me, you are marvelloufy chang’d. Shakefpeare.
I he encouragement of his two late fucceffes, with which
he was marvelloufy elated. Clarendon, b. viii.
Ma'rvellousness. n.f. [from marvellous.Wonderfulnefs ;
ftrangenefs ; aftonilhingnefs.
MASCULINE, adj. [mafculin, Fr. mafeulinus, Latin.]
1. Male; not female.
Pray God, Ihe prove not mafculine ere long ! Shakefp.
His long beard noteth the air and fire, the two mafculine
elements exercifing their operation upon nature being the femimnc* Peacham on Drawing.
O ! why did God,
Creator wife ! that peopl’d higheft heav’n
With fpirits mafculine, create at laft
I his novelty on earth, this fair defeat
Of nature ? _ Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
2. Refenibling man ; virile; notfoft; not effeminate.
You find fomething bold and mafculine in the air and pofture of the firft figure, which is that of virtue. Addifon.
3. [In grammar.] It denotes the gender appropriated to the
male kind in any word, though not always exprefling lex.
Ma'sculinely. adv. [from mafculine.] Like a man.
Aurelia tells me, you have done moft maj'cutinely,
And play the orator. Benj. JohnJon's Catiline,
MAS
Masculineness. n.f. [from mafculine.] Mannilkncls; male
figure or behaviour.
Mash. n.J. [mafehe, Dutch.]
1. The fpace between the threads of a net, commonly written
mefh.
To defend one’s felf againft the ftings of bees, have a net
knit with fo fmall niafhes, that a bee cannot get through.
Mortimer s HuJbandry,
2. Any thing mingled or beaten together into an undiftinguifh*
ed or confufed body, [from mifehen, Dutch, to mix, or mafcher, French.]
3. A mixture for a horfe.
Put half a peck of ground malt into a pale, then put to it
as much Raiding water as will wet it well; ftir it about for
half an hour till the water is very fweet, and give it the horfe
lukewarm: this majh is to be given to a horfe after he has
taken a purge, to make it work the better; or in the time
of great iicknefs, or after hard labour. Farrier s Dill.
When mares foal, they feed them with mafaes, and other
moift food. Mortimer's HuJbandry.
To M ash. v. a. [mafeher, French.]
1. To beat into a confufed mafs.
The preffure would be intolerable, and they would even
mafh themfelves and all things elfe apieces. More,
To break the claw of a lobfter, clap it between the Tides
of the dining-room door : thus you can do it without mafljing the meat. Swift's Directions to the Footman.
2. To mix malt and water together in brewing.
What was put in the firft majhing-tub draw off, as alio
that liquor in the fecond majhing-tub. Mortimer's HuJbandry.
MASK. n.f. [,mafque, French.]
I. A cover to difguife the face; a vifor.
Now love pulled off his majk, and {hewed his face unto
her, and told her plainly that {he was his prifoner. Sidney.
Since fhe did negleCt her looking-glals.
And throw her fun-expelling mafk away;
The air hath ftarv’d the refes in her cheeks,
And pitch’d the lily tinCture of her face. Shakefpeare.
Could we fuppofe that a majk reprefented never fo natu¬
rally the general humour of a character, it can never fuit
with the variety of paflions that are incident to every Tingle
perfon in the whole courfe of a play. Addifon on Italy.
2. Any pretence or fubterfuge.
Too plain thy nakednefs of foul efpy’d,
Why doft thou ftrive the confcious fliame to hide,
By mafks of eloquence, and veils of pride ? Prior.
3. A feftive entertainment, in which the company is malked.'
Will you prepare for this mafque to-night. Shakefpeare.
4. A revel; a piece of mummery; a wild buftle.
They in the end agreed.
That at a mafque and common revelling.
Which was ordain’d, they Ihould perform the deed. Daniel.
This thought might lead me through this world’s vain
mafh,
Content, though blind, had I no other guide. Milton.
5. A dramatick performance, written in a tragick ftile without
attention to rules or probability.
Thus I have broken the ice to invention, for the lively reprefentation of floods and rivers neceffary for our painters and
poets in their pidurs, poems, comedies, and mafks. Peacham.
To Mask. v. a. [mafquer, French.]
I. To difguife with a malk or vifor.
What will grow out of fuch errors as go mafked under the
cloke of divine authority, impoflible it is that ever the wit of
man fhould imagine, till time have brought forth the fruits of
them- / . Hooker.
’Tis not my blood
Wherein thou fee’ft me mafked. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Him he knew well, and guefs’d that it was {he ;
But being majk'd he was not fure. Shakefpeare.
I he old V atican Terence has, at the head of every feene, the
figures of all the perfons, with their particular difguifes; and
I faw in the Villa di Mattheio an antique ftatue mafked, which
was perhaps defigned for Gnatho in the eunuch, for it agrees
exadly with the figure he makes in the manufeript. Addifon.
2. To cover; to hide. J
I to your afliftance do make love,
Mafking the bufineft from the common eye
For fundry weighty reafons. Shakefp. Macbeth.
As when a piece of wanton lawn,
A thin aerial vail is drawn
O er beauty’s face. Teeming to hide,
More fweetly {hows the blufhing bride:
A foul whofe intellectual beams
No mifts do mafk, no lazy {teams. Crafaw,
To Mask. v. n.
1. To revel; to play the mummer.
Thy gown 1 Why, ay ; come, taylor, let us fee’t;
What mafking fluff’s here ! Shakefpeare.
Mafking habits, and a borrow’d name.
Contrive to hide my plenitude of ftjame. Prior.
2. To be difguifed any way.
Marker.
I
M A S M A S
AIa'sker. n.f [from mafi.] One who revels in a malk; a
mummer.
Tell falfe Edward,
That Lewis of France is fending over mafias.
To revel it with him and his new bride. Shakefpeare.
Let the fcenes abound with light, and let the majkers that
are to come down from the l'cene have l'ome motions upon
the fcene before their coming down. Bacon.
The mafiers come late, and I think will ftay,
Like fairies, till the cock crow them away. Donne.
AIA'SON. n.J. [mapon, French ; machio, low Latin.] A builder
with ftone.
Alany find a reafon very wittily before the thing be true ;
that the materials being left rough, are more manageable in
the mafon’s hand than if they had been fmooth. Wotton.
A mafon that makes a wall meets with a (tone that wants
no cutting, and places it in his work. More.
Ma'sonry. n.f. [maponerie, Fr.] The craft or performance of
a mafon.
MASQUERA'DE. n.f. [from mafqued]
1. A diverfion in which the company is malked.
What guards the purity of melting maids,
In courtly balls, and midnight mafquerades,
Safe from the treach’rous friend, and daring fpark.
The glance by day, the whifper in the dark. Pope.
2. Difguife.
I was upon the frolick this evening, and came to vifit thee
in mafquerade. Dryden s Spanijh Fryar.
Truth, of all things the plained; and fincereft, is forced to
gain admittance to us in difguife, and court us in mafquerade.
Felton on the Claffcks.
To Masquera'de. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To go in difguife.
A freak took an afs in the head, and away he goes into
the woods, mafquerading up and down in a lion’s ikin.
L'Efrange's Fables.
2. To affemble in mafks.
I find that our art hath not gained much by the happy re¬
vival of mafquerading among us. Swift.
Masquera'der. n.f. [from mafquerade.] A perfon in a mafic.
The moft dangerous fort of cheats are but mafqueraders un¬
der the vizor of friends. L'EJlrange.
AIass. n.f. [;majfe, Fr. majfa, Latin.]
1. A body ; a lump ; a continuous quantity.
If it were not for thefe principles the bodies, of the earth,
planets, comets, fun, and all things in them, would grow
cold and freeze, and become inactive maffes. Newton’s Opt.
Some paffing into their pores, others adhering in lumps or
maffes to their outfides, fo as wholly to cover and involve it
in the mafs they together conftituted. JVoodward’s Nat. Hif.
2. A large quantity.
Thy fumptuous buildings, and thy wife’s attire,
Have coft a mafs of publick treafury. Shakefp. Henry VI.
He had fpent a huge mafs of treafure in tranfporting his
army. Davies on Ireland.
3. Bulk ; vaft body.
The Creator of the world would not have framed fo huge
a mafs of earth but for fome reafonable creatures to have their
habitation. Abbot's Defcription of the World.
This army of fuch mafs and charge,
Led by a delicate and tender prince. Shakefp. Hamlet.
He dilcovered to me the richeft mines which the Spaniards
have, and from whence all the mafs of gold that comes into
Spain is drawn. Raleigh's Effays.
4. Congeries; affemblage indiftin£t.
The whole knowlege of groupes, of the lights and fhadows, and of thofe maffes which Titian calls a bunch of
grapes, is, in the prints of Rubens, expofed clearly to the
fight* Dryden.
At diftance, through an artful glafs,
To the mind’s eye things well appear;
They lofe their forms, and make a mafs
Confus’d and black, if brought too near. Prior.
Where flowers grow, the ground at a diftance feems cover¬
ed with them, and we muft walk into it before we can diftinguifh the feveral weeds that fpring up in fuch a beautiful
mafs of colours. Addifon's Freeholder.
5. Grofs body; the general.
Comets have power over the grofs and mafs of things; but
they are rather gazed upon than wifely obferved in their effetSIs. _ Bacon's Effays.
Where’er thou art, he is ; th’ eternal mind
Adis through all places; is to none confin’d :
Fills ocean, earth, and air, and all above,
And through the univerfal mafs does move. Dryden.
The mafs of the people have opened their eyes, and will
not be governed by Clodius and Curio at the head of their
myrmidons. Swift.
If there is not a fufficient quantity of blood and ftrength
of circulation, it may infedl the whole mafs of the fluids.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
6. .[Miffa, Latin.] The fc-rvice of the Romilh church.
Burniflied gold is that manner of gilding which we fed in!
old parchment and mafs books, done by monks and prieits,'
who were very expert herein. Peacham on Drawing.
He infers, that then Luther muft have been unpardonably
wicked in ufing maffes for fifteen years. Atterbury
To M Ass. v. n. [from the noun.] To celebrate mafs.
All their majfing furniture almoft they took from the law,
leaft having an altar and a prieft they fhould want veftments.
Hooker, b. iv.
To Mass. v. a. [from the noun;] It feerris once to have fignified to thicken; to ftrengthen.
They feared the French might, with filling or \naffing the
houfe, or elfe by fortifying, make ftich a piece as might an¬
noy the haven. Hayward.
MA'SSACRE. n.f. [maffacre? French, from mazzari, Italian.]
i- Carnage; flaughtef; butchery; indiferiminate deftrudlion.
Of whom filch maffa&e
Make they, but of their brethren, men df men. Milton,
Slaughter grows murder, when it goes too far,
. And makes a maffacre what was a war. Dryd. Ind. Ernp.
2. Alurder. J r
The tyrannous and bloody a£t is done;
The moft arch deed of piteous maffacre.
That ever yet this land was guilty of. Shakefp. Rich. III.
To AIa'ssacre. v. a. [maffacrer, French, from the noun ]
.To butcher ; to daughter indifcriminately.
111 find a day to maffacre them all,
And raze their tadlion, and their family. Shakefpeare.
Chriftian religion, now crumbled into fractions, may, like
duft, be irrecoverably diflipated, if God do not countermine
us, or we recover fo much fobriety as to forbear to maffacre
what we pretend to love. Decay of Piety.
After the miferable daughter of the Jews, at the deftrudlion
of Jerufalem, they were fcattered into all corners, oppreffed
and detefted, and fometimes maffacred and extirpated. Atterb.
MASSICOT, n.f. [French.] '
Mafficet is ceruls calcined by a moderate degree of fire ; of
this there are three forts, the white, the yellow, and that of
a golden colour, their difference arifing from the different de¬
grees of fire applied in the operation. White maffcot is of a
yellowifh white, and is that which has received the leaft cal¬
cination ; yellow maffcot has received more, and gold-colour¬
ed maffcot ftill more; all of them fhould be art impalpable
powder, weighty and high-coloured : they are ufed in painting* Trevoux.
Ma'ssiness. In.f. [from maffy, maffive.'] Weight; bulk;
Ma'ssiveness. J ponderoulhefs.
It was more notorious for the daintinefs of the pfovifion
which he ferved in it, than for the maffnefs of the difh.
Haketuill on Providence.
MA'SSIV E. } adj. [imaffif,\ French.] Heavy; weighty- ponMA'SSY. 5 derous; bulky; continuous.
If you would hurt,
Your fwords are now too 7naffy for your ftreno-th,
And will not be uplifted. Shakefpeare's Tenpef.
Perhaps tbeie few ftones and fling, ufed witn invocation of
the Lord of Hofts, may countervail the maffive armour of
the uncircumciled Philiftine. Government of the Tongue.
No fideboards then with gilded plate were prefs’d,
No fweating flaves with maffive dilhes drefs’d. Dryden.
The more grofs and maffvue parts of the terreftrial globe,
the ftrata of ftone, owe their prefent order to the delude.
Woodward's Nat. Hif.
If thefe liquors or glaffes were fo thick and maffy that no
light could get through them, I queftion not biit that they
would, like all other opaque bodies, appear of one and the
fame colour in all pofitions of the eye. Ncivton’s Opticks.
Th’ intrepid Theban hears the burfting fky,
Sees yawning rocks in maffy fragments fly,~
And views aftonifh’d from the hills afar,"
The floods defeending, and the wat’ry war. Pope's Statius;
Swift the iignal giv’n.
They ftart away, and fweep the maffy mound
That runs around the hill. Thomfan's Spring.
MAST. n.f. [mafl, mat, French; maeyt, Saxon.]
1. The beam or pbft raifed above the veflel, to which the fail
is fixed.
Ten mafs attach’d make ndt the altitude
That thou haft perpendicularly fallen. Shakefp. King Lear.
He dropp’d his anchors, and his oars he ply’d;
Furl’d every fail, and drawing down the fnafi.
His veffel moor’d. Dryden's Homer
2. The fruit of the oak and beech.
The oaks bear mafs, the briars fcdrlet hips :
The bounteous houfewife, nature, on each bufti
Lays her full mefs before yoii; Shakefp. Timon ofAthens.
Trees that bear maf, and nuts, are more lafting than thofe
that bear fruits ; as oaks and beeches laft Ibnger than apples
and pears. - Bacon's Nat. Hif. N°. 583.
hen foeep fed like men upon aconls, a foepherd drove
ins flock into a little oak wood, and up he went to (hake
them down fome mafs. L'Efrange's Falls.
Tho
MAS
I he breaking down an old frame of government, and
erecting a new, feems like the cutting down an old oak and
planting a young one: it is true, the grandfon may enjoy the
ihade and the mafy but the planter, beiides the pleafure of
imagination; has no other benefit, Temple's Mifcel.
As a favage boar,
With foreft mnjl and fat’ning marfhes fed,
When once he fees himfelf in toils inclos’d,
Whets his tufks. _ Dryden's AEn.
Wond’ring dolphins o’er the palace glide;
On leaves and maf of mighty oaks they brouze,
And their broad fins entangle in th* boughs. Dryden.
Ma'sted. adj. [from maf.] Furnifhed with mails.
MASTER, n.f. [meefery Dutch; maifre, French; magjler,
Latin.]
1. One who has fervants ; oppofed to man or fervant.
But now I was the lord
Of this fair manfion, tnajler of my fervnats.
Queen o’er myfelf; and even now, but now,
I his houfe, thefe fervants, and this fame myfelf
Are yours my lord. Shake/p. Merchant ofVenice.
Take up thy mafer. Shahefpeare's King Lear.
My lord BafTanio gave his ring away
Unto the judge that begg’d it;
The boy, his clerk, begg’d mine ;
And neither man nor majier would take aught
But the two rings. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
2. A diredlor ; a governor.
If thou be made the mafer of a feaft, be among them as
one of the reft. Eccluf, xxxii. I.
My friend, my genius, come along,
Thou majier of the poet, and the fong. Pope.
3. Owner ; proprietor.
An orator, who had undertaken to make a panegyrick on
Alexander the Great, and who had employed the ftron°-eft
figures of his rhetorick in the praife of Bucephalus, would
do quite the contrary to that which was expedted from him ;
becaufe it would be believed, that he rather took the horfe
for his fubjcdt than the majier. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
4. A lord ; a ruler.
Wifdom and virtue are the proper qualifications in the
majier of a houfe. Guardian, N°. 165.
There Caefar, grac’d with both Minerva’s, fhone,
Caefar, the world’s great mafer, and his own. Pope.
Excufe
The pride of royal blood, that checks my foul :
You know, alas ! I was not born to kneel.
To fue for pity, and to own a majier. Philips.
5. Chief; head.
Chief majier-gunner am I of this town,
Something I muft do to procure me grace. Shahefpeare.
As a wife mafer-builder I have laid the foundation, and
another buildeth thereon. 1 Cor. iii. 10.
The beft fets are the heads got from the very tops of the
root; the next are the runners, which fpread from the mafer
roots. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
6. Poffeffor.
When I have thus made myfelf mafer of a hundred thoufand drachms, I fhall naturally fet myfelf on the foot of a
prince, and will demand the grand vizier’s daughter in
marriage. Addifon's Spectator, N\ 547.
The duke of Savoy may make himfelf majier of the French
dominions on the other fide of the Rhone. Addifon.
7. Commander of a trading fhip.
An unhappy majier is he that is made cunning by many
fhipwrecks ; a miferable merchant, that is neither rich nor
wife, but after fome bankrouts. Afcham's Schoolmafer.
A lailor’s wife had chefnuts in her lap ;
Her hufband’s to Aleppo gone, mailer o' th’ Tyger. Shakef.
8. One uncontrouled.
Let ev’ry man be mafer of his time
Till feven at night. Shahefpeare's Macbeth.
Great, and increafing ; but by fea
He is an abfolute mafer. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
9 A compellation of refpedt.
Mafer dodlor* you have brought thofe drugs. Shakefp.
Stand by, my majlers, bring him near the king. Shakef.
Mafers play here, I will content your pains,
Something that’s brief; and bid, good morrow, general.
Shahefpeare's Othello.
to. A young gentleman.
If gaming does an aged fire entice,
T hen my young mafer fwiftly learns the vice; Dryden.
Mafer lay with his bedchamber towards the fouth fun;
rnifs lodged in a garret, expofedto the north wind. Arbuth.
Where there are little majlers and miffes in a houfe, they
are great impediments to the diverfions of the fervants ; the
only remedy is to bribe them, that they may not tell tales.
Swift's Rules to Servants.
x 1. One who teaches ; a teacher.
Very few n en are wife by their own counfel, or learned
MAS
by their own teaching; for he that was only taught by him¬
felf had a fool to his mafer. Benj.ffohnfon's D'ifcovery.
To the Jews join the Egyptians, the firft majlers of learn¬
ing. South's Sermons.
Mafers and teachers fhould not raife difficulties to theirfcholars ; but fmooth their way, and help them forwards. Locke.
12. A man eminently fkilful in practice or fcience.
The great mocking mafer mock’d not then.
When he faid. Truth was buried here below. Davies.
Spenfer and Fairfax, great mafers of our language, faw
much farther into the beauties of our numbers than thofe who
followed. Dryden.
A man muft not only be able to judge of words and ftyle,
but he muft be a majier of them too; he muft perfedlly underftand his author’s tongue, and abfolutely command his
own. Dryden.
He that does not pretend to painting, is not touched at
the commendation of a ?najler in that profeffion. Collier.
No care is taken to improve young men in their own lan¬
guage, that they may thoroughly underftand, and be majlers
of it. Locke on Education.
13. A title of dignity in the univerfities ; as, mafter of arts.
To Ma'ster. v. a. [from the noun.J
1. To be a mafter to ; to rule ; to govern.
Ay, good faith.
And rather father thee, than majier thee. Shahefpeare.
2. To conquer; to overpower; to fubdue.
Thrice bleffed they that mafer fo their blood,
To undergo luch maiden pilgrimage. Shahefpeare.
The princes of Germany did not think him fent to com¬
mand the empire, who was neither able to rule his infoicnt
fubjedls in England, nor majier Lis rebellious people of Ire-
^an<^* . Davies on Ireland.
Then comes fome third party, that majlers both plaintiff
and defendant, and carries away the booty. L'E/hra
Honour burns in me, not fo fiercely bright,
But pale as fires when mafer'd by the light. Dryden.
Obftinacy and wilful neglects muft be maferef even
though it coft blows. . Locke on Education.
A man can no more juftly make ufe of another’s neceffity,
than he that has more ftrength can feize upon a weaker
mafer him to his obedience, and, with a dagger at his throat
offer him death or flavery. ' Locke.
The reformation of an habitual finner is a work of time
and patience; evil cuftoms muft be mafered and fubdued by
degrees. Calamy's Sermons.
3. To execute with fkill.
I do not take myfelf to be fo perfe& in the tranfa&ions
and privileges of Bohemia, as to be fit to handle that part:
and I will not offer at that I cannot mafer. Bacon.
Ma'sterdom. n.f. [from mafer.] Dominion; rule. Notin
ufe.
You ftiall put
This night’s great bufinefs into my difpatch.
Which fhall to all our nights and days to come
Give folely fovereign fway and maferdom. Shakefp: Macb.
Master-hand. n.f. The hand of a man eminently fkilful.
Mufick refembles poetry, in each
Are namelefs graces which no methods teach.
And which a mafer-hand alone can reach. Pote
Master-jest, n.f Principal jeft. ^ ‘
Who fitall break the majlerfef,
And what, and how, upon the reft. Hudibras, p. iff
Master-key. n.f The key which opens many locks of
which the fubordinate keys open each only one.
This mafer-hey ''
Frees every lock, and leads us to his perfon. Dryden.
AIaster-leaver. n.f. One that leaves or deferts his mafter
Oh Antony,
Nobler than my revolt is infamous.
Forgive me in thine own particular;
. But let the world rank me in regifter
A majier-leaver, and a fugitive. Shakef. Art. andCleopatra.
Master-sinew, n.f. r
The majitr-finew is a large f.new that furrounds the hou»h,
and divides it from the bone by a hollow place, where ?he
wind-galls are ufually feated, which is the largert and moft:
vffibJe finew in a horie’s body ; this oftentimes is relaxed or
reftramed. Farrier's Diet.
Master-string, n.f Principal firing.
, He touch’d me
Ey n on the tend’reft point; the mafer-fring
I hat makes moft harmony or difeord to me.
I own tile glorious fubject fires my breaft. RoweMaster-stroke. n.f. Capital performance.
V e fkilful mailers of Machaon’s race,
Who nature’s mazy intricacies trace ;
Tell how your fearch has here eluded been.
How oft amaz’d, and ravifh’d you have feen
The conduH, prudence, and ftupendous art,5
And mafer-frokes in each mechanick part. ’ Blackmore.
Ma'stereess.
!
MAS MAT
Ma'sTERLESS. adj. [from majier.]
1. Wanting a mailer or owner.
When all was part took up his forlorn weed.
His filver fhield now idle majicrlefs. Fairy ^ueen.
The foul opinion
You had of her piire honour, gains, or Iofes,
Your fword or mine ; or majierlefs leaves both
To who fhall find them. ShakeJpeare's Cymbeline.
5. Ungoverned; unfubdued.
Masterliness, n.f. [from majierly.] Eminent (kill.
MaSterly. adv. With the fkill of a mailer.
Thou doft fpeak majierly
Young though thou art. Shakefpeare.
I read a book ; I think it very majierly written. Swift.
Ma'sterly. adj. [from majier.]
j. Suitable to a mailer ; artful; fkilful.
As for the warmth of fanfy, the Tnajierly figures, and the
copioufnefs of imagination, he has exceeded all others. Dryd.
That clearer llrokes of majierly defign,
Of wife contrivance, and of judgment fliine,
In all the parts of nature we afl'ert,
Than in the brighteft works of human art. Blackmore.
A man either difeovers new beauties, or receives llronger
impreffions from the majierly llrokes of a great author every
time he perufes him. Addijons Spett. NQ. 409.
2. Imperious ; with the fway of a mailer.
Ma'sterpiEce. n. f. [majier and piece.]
j. Capital performance; any thing done or made with extra¬
ordinary (kill.
This is the majierpiece, and moft excellent part, of the
work of reformation, and is worthy of his majefty’s pains.
Davies on Ireland.
’Tis done ; and ’twas my majierpiece, to work
My fafety, ’twixt two dangerous extremes :
Scylla and Charybdis. Denham's Sophy.
Let thofe confider this who look upon it as a piece of art,
and the majierpiece of converfation, to deceive, and make a
prey of a credulous and well-meaning honefty. South.
This wond’rous majierpiece I fain would fee ;
This fatal Helen, who can wars infpire. Dryden's Aureng.
The fifteenth is the majierpiece of the whole metamorphofes. Dryden.
In the firft ages, when the great fouls, and tnajlerpieces of
human nature, were produced, men Ihined by a noble fimplicity of behaviour. Addijon.
2. Chief excellence.
Beating up of quarters was his majierpiece. Clarendon.
Diffimulation was his majierpiece; in which he fo much
excelled, that men were not alhamed with being deceived
but twice by him. Clarendon, b. viii.
Ma'stership. n.f. [from majier.J
1. Dominion ; rule ; power.
2. Superiority; pre-eminence.
For Python llain he Pythian games decreed.
Where noble youths for majierjhip fhould ftrive,
To quoit, to run, and Heeds and chariots drive. Dryden.
3. Chierwork.
Two youths of royal blood, renown’d in fight*
The majierjhip of heav’n in face and mind. Dryden.
4. Skill; knowledge.
You were ufed
To fay extremity was the trier of fpirits;
That when the fea was calm all boats alike
Shew’d majierjhip in floating. Shakejp. Coriolanus.
5. A title of ironical refpedt.
How now, Signior Launce ? what news with your majier¬
jhip ? Shakefp. Two Gentlemen of Verona.
Master-teeth, nj. [jnajier and teeth.] The principal teeth.
Some living creatures have their majier-teeth indented one
within another like faws ; as lions and dogs. Bacon.
Ma'sterwort. n.f [majier, and pijtt, Saxon.]
The majierwort is a plant with a rofe and umbellated
flower, confifting of feveral petals, which are fometimes
heart-fhaped, and fometimes intire, ranged in a circle, and
refting on the empalement; which afterward becomes a fruit,
compoled of two feeds, which are plain, ahnoft oval, gently
rtreaked and bordered, and generally calling their cover; to
thefe marks muft be added, that their leaves are winged, and
pretty large : the root is ufed in medicine. jililler.
Majierwort is railed of feeds, or runners from the roots.
Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Mastery, n.f. [>maijirife, French, from majier.]
1. Dominion; rule.
If divided by mountains, they will fight for the majiery of
the paffages of the tops, and for the towns that Hand upon
the roots. Raleigh s EJJ'ays.
2. Superiority; pre-eminence.
If a man ftrive for majleries, yet is he not crowned except
he ftrive lawfully. , 2 Etm. i*> 5*
This is the cafe of thofe that will try majleries with their
/uperiors, and bite that which is too hard. L'Ejirange.
3-
Good men I fuppofe to live in a Hate of mortification*
under a perpetual conflidl with their bodily appetites, and
rtruggling to get the majiery over them. Atterbury.
Skill.
Chief jnafi'ry to diflecft,
With long and tedious havock, fabled knights.
In battles feign’d. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
He could attain to a majiery in all languages, and found
the depths of all arts and fciences. fillotf/h's Semi.
To give fufficient fweetnefs, a majiery in the language is
required : the poet muft have a magazine of words, and have,
the art to manage his few vowels to the bell advantage. Dry.
4. Attainment of fkill or power.
The learning and ihajiery of a tongue being unpleafant ill
itfelf, fhould not be cumbered with any other difficulties.
Locke on Education.
Ma'stful. adj. [from majld] Abounding in mall, or fruit of
oak, beech or chefnut.
Some from feeds inclos’d on earth arife.
For thus the majiful chefnut mates the fkies. Dryden.
Mastica'tion. n.J'. [majlicatio, Lat. 1 The act of chewing.
In birds there is no majiication, or comminution of the
meat in the mouth; but in fuch as are not carnivorous it is
immediately fwallowed into the crop or craw, and thence
transferred into the gizzard. Ray on the Creation.
Majiication is a neccftary preparation of lolid aliment, with¬
out which there can be no good digeftion. Arbuthnot.
Ma'sticatory. n. J. [,majiicatoire, French.] A medicine to
be chewed only, not fwallowed.
Remember majiicatories for the mouth. Bacon.
Salivation and majiicatories evacuate confiderably; falivation many pints of phlegm in a day, and very much by chew¬
ing tobacco. _ Flayer on Humours.
Ma'stich. n.f. [majiic, French.]
1. A kind of gum gathered from trees of the fame name in
Scio.
We may apply intercipients upon the temples of majiich;
frontals may alfo be applied. Wifeman's Surgery.
2. A kind of mortar or cement.
As for the fmall particles of brick and ftone, the leaft
moiftnefs would join them together, and turn them into a
kind of majiich, which thofe infetfts could not divide. Addijon.
Ma'sticot. n.f. [marum, Latin.] See Massicot.
Grind your majiicot with a fmall quantity of faffron in gum
water. Peacham on Drawing.
Majiicot is very light, becaufe it is a very clear yellow,
and very near to white. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Mastiff, n.f. majiives, plural. [majiin, French; maflino,
Italian.] A dog of the largeft fize; a bandog ; dogs kept
to watch the houfe.
As favage bull, whom two fierce mefiivcs bait.
When rancour doth with rage him once engore, •
Forgets with wary ward them to await.
But with his dreadful horns them drives afore. Fairy ^di
When rank Therlites opes his majiiff jaws.
We fhall hear mufick, wit, and oracle; Shakefpeare.
When we knock at a farmer’s door, the firft anfwer fhall
be his vigilant majiiff. More's Antidote againji Atheifm.
Soon as Ulyffes near th’ enclofure drew.
With open mouths the furious mafnves flew. Pope's Odyf.
Let the majiijfs amufe themfelves about a fheep’s fkin fluff¬
ed with hay, provided it will keep them from worrying the
flock; Swift.
Ma'stless. adj. [from rnafi.] Bearing no mart.
Her fhining hair, uncomb’d, was loofely fpread,
A crown of majilefs oak adorn’d her head. Dryden.
Ma'stlin. n.f [from mefier, French, to mingle, or rather
corrupted from mifcellane.] Mixed corn ; as, wheat and rye.
The tother for one lofe hath twaine
Of majilin, of rie and of wheat. Tujfer's Hujb.
MAT. n.f. [mearce, Saxon; matte„ German; matta, Lat.]
A texture of fedge, flags, or rufhes;
The women and children in the weft of Cornwall make
mats of a fmall and fine kind of bents there growing, which
ferve to cover floors and walls. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
In the worft inn’s worft room* with mat half hung,
The floors of plaifter, and the walls of dung. ,Pope.
To Mat. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover with mats.
Keep the doors and windows of your confervatories well
matted, and guarded from the piercing air. Evelyn's Kalendar.
2. To twift together; to join like a mat.
I on a fountain light.
Whole brim with pinks was platted ;
The banks with daffadillies dight,
With grafs like fleave was matted. Drayt. %. efCmthia.
Sometimes beneath an ancient oak,
Or on the matted grafs he lies ;
No god of fleep he did invoke.
The ftream that o’er the pebbles flies*
With gentle (lumber crowns his eyes* Dryden.
16 E He
tn 4^
MAT
tie look’d a lion with a gloomy flare,
And o er his eye-brows hung his matted hair. Dryden.
The fpleen confifteth of mufcular fibres, all matted, as in
. fkin, but in more open work. Grew's Cofsnol.
Ma tadorf.. n.J. [matador, a murderer, Spanifh.] A hand
of cards fo called from its efficacy againft the adverfe player.
Now move to war her fable matadores,
In fhow like leaders of the fwarthy Moots. Pope.
MATACHIN. n.f [French.] An old dance.
Who ever faw a matachin dance to imitate fighting : this
was a fight that did imitate the matachin; for they being but
three that fought, every one had two adverfaries ftriking him
who flruck the third. Sidney.
MATCH. n.f [meche, French ; miccia, Italian ; probably
from mica, to fhine, Latin: furelv not, as Skinner conjectures,
from the Saxon maca, a companion, becaufe a match is
companion to a gun.] Any thing that catches fire ; generally
a card, rope, or fmall chip of wood dipped in melted fulphur.
Try them in feveral bottles matches, and fee which of them
laft longeft without flench. Bacon.
He made ufe of her trees as of matches to fet Druina a fire.
Howel's Vocal Forejl.
Being willing to try fomething that would not cherifh much
fire at once, and would keep fire much longer than a coal,
we took a piece of match, fuch as foldiers ufe. Boyle.
2. [From a fight, or from maca, Saxon, one equal to
another.] A contefl:; a game; any thing in which there is
contefl or oppofition.
Shall we play the wantons with our woes.
And make fome pretty match with fhedding tears ? Shakefp.
The goat was mine, by finging fairly won.
A folemn match was made ; he lofl the prize. Dryden.
3. [From maca, Saxon.] One equal to another 5 one able to
contefl with another.
Government mitigates the inequality of power among par¬
ticular perfons, and makes an innocent man, though of the
owefl rank, a match for the mightiefl of his fellow-fubjeCls.
1 Addifon s Freeholder.
The old man has met with his match. Spectator.
The natural fhame that attends vice, makes them zealous
to encourage themfelves by numbers, and form a party againft
religion : it is with pride they furvey their increafing ilrength,
and begin to think themfelves a match for virtue. Rogers,
. One that fuits or tallies with another.
. A marriage.
The match
Were rich and honourable ; befides, the gentleman
Is full of virtue, bounty, worth, and qualities,
Befeeming fuch a wife as your fair daughter. Shakefpeare.
Love doth feldom fuffer itfelf to be confined by other snatches
than thofe of its own making. Boyle.
With him fire drove to join Lavinia’s hand.
But dire portents the purpos’d match withfland. Dryden,
C. One to be married.
She inherited a fair fortune of her own, and was very rich
in a perfonal eflate, and was looked upon as the richefl match
of the Weft. Clarendon, b. viii.
To Match, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To be equal to.
No fettled fenfes of the world can match
The pleafure of that madnefs. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
O thou good Kent, how fhall I live and work
To match thy goodnefs ? life will be too fhort.
And every meafure fail me. Shakefp. King Lear.
2. To fhew an equal.
No hiflory or antiquity can match his policies and his con¬
duit. South's Sermons.
3. To equal; to oppofe.
Eternal might
To match with their inventions they prefum’d
So eafy, and of his thunder made a fcorn. Milton.
What though his heart be great, his actions gallant.
He wants a crown to poife againft a crown.
Birth to match birth, and power to balance power. Dryden.
The fhepherd’s kalendar of Spenfer is not to be matched in
any modern language. Dryden,
4. To fuit; to proportion.
Let poets match their fubjeil to their ftrength,
And often try what weight they can fupport. Rofcommon.
Mine have been ftill
Match'd with my birth ; a younger brother’s hopes. Rowe.
Employ their wit and humour in chuiing and matching of
patterns and colours. Swift's Mifcel.
5. To marry; to give in marriage.
Great king,
I would not from your love make fuch a ftray.
To match you where I hate. Shakefp. King Lear.
Thou doft proteft thy love, and would’ft it fhow
By matching her, as fhe would match her foe. Donne,
MAT
Them willingly they would have ftill retain’d.
And match'd unto the prince. Daniel's Civil War.
When a man thinks himfelf matched to one who fhould be
a comfort to him, inftead thereof he finds in his bofom a
beaft. South's Sermons.
A fenator of Rome, while Rome furviv’d.
Would not have match'd his daughter with a king. Addifon.
To Match, v. n.
1. To be married.
A thing that may luckily fall out to him that hath the bleffing to snatch with fome heroical-minded lady. Sidney, b. ii.
I hold it a fin to match in my kindred. Shakefpear.
Let tigers match with hinds, and wolves with fheep.
And every creature couple with his foe. Dryd. Sp. Fryar.
All creatures elfe are much unworthy thee.
They snatch'd, and thou alone art left for me. Dryden.
2. To fuit; to be proportionate; totally.
Ma'tchable. adj. [from match.']
I. Suitable; equal; fit to be joined.
Ye, whofe high worths furpaffing Paragon,
Could not on earth have found one fit for mate,
Ne but in heaven matchable to none.
Why did ye ftoop unto fo lowly ftate ? Spenfer, Sonnet 66.
1. Correspondent.
Thofe at land that are not matchable with any upon our
fhores, are of thofe very kinds which are found no where but
in the deepeft parts of the fea. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
Ma'tchless. adj. [from match.] Without an equal.
This happy day two lights are feen,
A glorious faint, a matchlefs queen. Waller.
Much lefs, in arms, oppofe thy matchlefs force.
When thy fharp fpurs fhall urge thy foaming horfe. Dryd,
Ma'tchlessly. n.f. In a manner not to be equalled.
Ma'tchlessness. n.f {from matchlefs,] State of beino- with¬
out an equal.
Ma'tchmaicer. n.f [match and make.]
1. One who contrives marriages.
You came to him to know
If you fhould carry me, or no ;
And would have hir’d him and his imps.
To be your matchmakers and pimps. Hudibras, p. iii*
2. One who makes matches to burn.
Mate. n.f. [maca, Saxon; fnaet, Dutch.]
1. A hufband or wife.
I that am frail flefh and earthly wight.
Unworthy match for fuch immortal mate,
Myfelf well wote, and mine unequal fate. Fairy fjueen,
2. A companion, male or female.
Go, bafe intruder ! over-weening Have !
Beftow thy fawning fmiles on equal mates. Shakefpeare,
My competitor
In top of all defign, my mate in empire.
Friend and companion in the front of war. Shakefpeare,
You knew me once no mate
For you; there fitting where you durft not foar. Milton.
Damon, behold yon breaking purple cloud ;
Hear’ft thou not hymns and fongs divinely loud:
There mounts Amyntas, the young cherubs play
About their godlike mate, and fing him on his way. Dryd.
Leave thy bride alone:
Go, leave her with her maiden mates to play
At fports more harmlefs, till the break of day. Dryden.
3. The male or female of animals.
Part fingle, or with mate;
Graze the fea-weed their pafture, and through groves
Of coral ftray. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vil.
Pliny tells us, that elephants know no copulation with any
other than their own proper mate. Aylife's Parergon.
4. One that fails in the fame fhip.
What vengeance on the palling fleet fhe pour’d,-
The mafter frighted, and the mates devour’d. Rofcommon.
5. One that eats at the fame table.
6. The fecond in fubordination; as, the mafter’s mate • the
chirurgeon’s mate.
To Mate. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To match ; to marry.
Enfamplc make of him your haplefsjoy.
And of myfelf now mated as you fee,
Whofe prouder vaunt, that proud avenging boy.
Did foon pluck down, and curb’d my liberty. Fairy Ffu.
The hind, that would be snated by the lion.
Muft die for love. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
2. To be equal to.
Some from feeds inclos’d on earth arife.
For thus the maftful chelhut mates the fkies. Dryden.
Parnaflus is its name ; whofe forky rife
Mounts through the clouds, and mates the lofty fkies :
High on the fummit of this dubious cliff,
Deucalion wafting moor’d his little fkiff. Dryden.
3. To
MAT
» Tooppofe; to equal.
^ I i’ th’ way of loyalty and truth,
Dare mate a founder man than Surrey can be,
And all that love his follies. Sbakefpeare’s Henry VIIT.
4. [Matter, French; matar, Spanifh.] To fubdue; to con¬
found ; to crufh.
That is good deceit
Which mates him firft, that firft intends deceit. Shakefp.
The great effects that may come of induftry and perfeverance who knoweth not ? For audacity doth almoft bind
and mate the weaker fort of minds. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
My fenfe fhe ’as mated, and amaz’d my fight. ShakeJ'p.
Why this is ftrange ; go call the abbefs hither ;
I think you are all mated, or ftark mad. Sbakefpeare.
MATE'RIAL. adj. [materiel, French; materialis, Latin.]
1. Confifting of matter; corporeal; not fpiritual.
When we judge, our minds we mirrors make.
And as thofe glalfes which material be.
Forms of material things do only take.
For thoughts or minds in them we cannot fee. Davies.
That thele trees of life and knowlege were material trees,
though figures of the law and the gofpel, it is not doubted
by the moft religious and learned writers. Raleigh.
2. Important; momentous; effential.
We muft propofe unto all men certain petitions incident,
and very material in caufes of this nature. Hooker, b. v.
Hold them for catholicks or hereticks, it is not a thin°-
either one way or another, in this prefent queftion, material.
Hooker, b. iv.
What part of the world foever we fall into, the ordinary
trfe of this very prayer hath, with equal continuance, ac¬
companied the fame, as one of the principal and moft mate¬
rial duties of honour done to Chrift. Hooker, b. v.
It may difeover fome fecret meaning and intent therein,
very material to the ftate of that government. Spenfer.
The queftion is not, whether you allow or difallow that
book, neither is it material. JVhitgift.
He would not flay at your petitions made ;
His bufinefs more material. Shake/p. Winter's Tale.
Neither is this a queflion of words, but infinitely material
In nature. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 98.
I pafs the reft, whofe ev’ry race and name,
And kinds are lefs material to my theme. Dryden’s Virg.
As for the more material faults of writing, though I fee
many of them, I want leifure to amend them. Dryden.
I fhall, in the account of fimple ideas, fet down only fuch
as are moft material to our prefent purpofe. Locke.
In this material point, the conftitution of the Englifh go¬
vernment far exceeds all others. Swift.
Materials, n.f. [this word is fcarcely ufed in the fingular;
materiaux, French.] The fubftance of which any thing is
made.
The Weft-Indians, and many nations of the Africans,
finding means and materials, have been taught, by their own
neceffities, to pafs rivers in a boat of one tree. Raleigh.
Intending an accurate enumeration of medical materials',
the omiflion hereof affords fome probability it was not ufed
by the ancients. Brown's Vulg. Errcurs, b. i.
David, who made fuch rich provifion of materials for the
building of the temple, becaufe he had dipt his hands in blood,
was not permitted to lay a ftone in that facred pile. South.
That lamp in one of the heathen temples the art of man
might make of fome fuch material as the ftone afbeftus, which
being once enkindled will burn without being confirmed. Wilk,
The materials of that building very fortunately ranged
themfelves into that delicate order, that it muff be a very
great chance that parts them. Tillotfon.
Simple ideas, the materials of all our knowlege, are fuggefted to the mind only by fenfation and reflexion. Locke,
Such a fool was never found.
Who pull’d a palace to the ground.
Only to have the ruins made
Materials for an houfe decay’d. Swift's Mifcel.
Mate rialist. n.f. [from material,] One who denies fpi—
ritual fubftances.
He was bent upon making Memmius a materialifl. Dryd.
Materiality, n.f. [materialise, Fr. from material.'] Cor¬
poreity ; material exiftence ; not fpirituality.
Confidering that corporeity could not agree with this univerfal fubfiftent nature, abftrafting from all materiality in his
ideas, and giving them an actual lubfiftence in nature, he
made them like angels, whofe eflences were to be the effence
and to give exiftence to corporeal individuals; and fo each
idea was embodied in every individual of its fpecies. Digby.
Mate'rially. adv. [from material.]
1. In the ftate of matter.
I do not mean, that any thing is feparable from a body by
fire that was not materially pre-exiftent in it. Boyle.
2. Not formally.
Though an ill intention is certainly fufficient to fpoil and
6
M A T
corrupt an afi in itfelf materially good, yet no good intention
whatfoever can re&ify or infufe a moral goodnets into an adt
otherwife evil. cm.
_ -r ^1 rr • n ooutfo s (sermons.
3.importantly; effentially.
All this concerheth the cuftoms of the lrifti very materially;
as well to reform thofe which are evil, as to confirm and con¬
tinue thofe which are good. Spenfer on Ireland.
Mate rialness. n.f [from material.] State of being mate¬
rial ; importance.
MateRiate. ladj. [materiatus, Latin.] Confifting of matMateRiated. S ter.
Alter long enquiry of things immerfe in matter, interpofe
fome fubject which is immateriate or lefs materiate, fuch as
this of founds, to the end that the intellect may be rectified,
and become not partial. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 114
Materia'tion. n.f. [from materia, Lit.] The a& of form¬
ing matter.
Creation is the production of all things out of nothing ; a
formation not only of matter but of form, and a materfation
even of matter itfelf. 3mw»i
iviate RNAL. adj. [matcrne, Fr. materms, Lat.] Motherlybefitting or pertaining to a mother.
1 he babe had all that infant care beguiles,
And early knew his mother in her fmiles :
At his firft aptnefs the maternal love
Thofe rudiments of reafon did improve. Dryden
MateRnjty. n.f. [maternite, French, from matemus, Lat.j
1 he character or relation of a mother.
Mat-felon, n.f [matter, to kill, and felon, a thief. 1 A
ipecies or knap-weed growing wild. J
MATHEMATIC^ Lat.] Confident
MATHEMATICK. J according to the dodtiine of the
mathematicians.
The Eaft and Weft;
Upon the globe, a mathemalick point
Only divides : thus happinefs and mifery
And all extremes, are (till contiguous. ’ Denham's Sophy.
It is as impoffible for an aggregate of Unites to comprehend
or exhauft one infinite, as it is for the greateft number of ma
ihematick points to amount to, or conftitute a body Br /
I fuppofe all the particles of matter to be fituated in^an
exadl and mathematical evennefs. Bentley's S
Mathematically, adv. [from mathematick.] According To
the laws of the mathematical fciences. &
We may be mathematically certain, that the heat of the
fun is according to the denfity of the fun-beams, and is reci
procally proportional to the fquare of the diftance from the
body of the fun. Bentley’s Sermons.
Mathematician, n.f [mathentaiicus, Lat. mathematicien,
V rench.J A man verfed in the mathematicks. •
One of the moft eminent mathematicians of the a2e affured
me, that the greateft pleafure he took in reading Viro-jl was
in examining /Eneas’s voyage by the map. Jddiftm’s Steli
Mathema'ticks. n.f. [[tahpxlixi] That feience which
contemplates whatever is capable of being numbered or meafured ; and it is either pure or mixt: pure confiders abftraded quantity, without any relation to matter; mixt is inter¬
woven with phyfical confiderations. Harris.
The mathematicks and the metaphyficks
Fall to them, as you find your ftomach ferves you. Shak.
See myftery to mathematicks fly. p . *
Ma'thes. n.f. An herb. jf}J
Mathe'sIs. n.f. [pocSriITS.] The dodlrine of mathematicks.*
Mad Mathejis alone was unconfin’d. Rote
Ma'tin. adj. [matine, French; matulinus, Latin.] Morningufed in the morning. J 2 ’
Up rofe the vidlor angels, and to arms
The matin trumpet fung. . Milton’s Par. Loft, b. vi.
I wafte the matin lamp in fighs for thee;
Thy image fteals between my god and me! pD*..
Ma'tin. n.f Morning. P °
The glow-worm (hews the mattin to be near
And gins to pale his uneffeSuil fire. ' hah/Pem-e.
Matins, n.f. [matines, French.] Morning worfhip.
The winged chorifters began
To chirp their mattins. Cleaveland
By the pontifical, no altar is confecrated without reliques •
the vigils are celebrated before them, and the nb&urn and
mattins, for the faints whofe the reliques are. Stillingfieet.
That he fhould raife his mitred creft on hio-fi.
And clap his wings; and call his family
To facred rites ; and vex th’ etherial powers
With midnight mattins, at uncivil hours. „
Ma'trass. n.J. [matras$ French.] J e
Matrafi is tht name of a chemical glafs vcITel made for
digeftion or diftilhtion, being fometimes bellied, and lometnnes rmng gradually taper into a conical figure. L;„t,
1 i-otefl from violent ftorms, and the too parching tots of
the fun, your pennached tulips and ranunculus’s, covering
them with mtrajeu Evd ,s g ^
Ma'trice.
MAT MAT
Ma'trice. n. f. [matrix, Latin.]
1. 7 he womb ; the cavity where the foetus is formed.
If the time required in vivification be of any length, the
fpirit will exhale before the creature be mature, except it be
enclofed in a place where it may have continuance of the
heat, and clofenefs that may keep it from exhaling ; and fuch
places are the wombs and matrices of the females. Bacon.
2. A mould ; that which gives form to fomething inclofed.
Stones that carry a refemblance of cockles, were formed
in the cavities of {hells ; and thefe {hells have ferved as ma¬
trices or moulds to them. Woodward.
Ma'tricide. n.f [matricidium^ Latin.]
1. Slaughter of a mother.
Nature compenfates the death of the father by the matri¬
cide and murther of the mother. Browns Vulg. Errours.
2. [Matricida, Latin; matricide, Fr.] A mother killer. Ainf
To Matriculate, v. a. [from matricula: a matrix, quod ea
velut matrice contineantur militum nomina. Ainf.] To enter
or admit to a memberfhip of the universities of England ; to
enhft; to enter into any fociety by Setting down the name.
He, after fome trial of his manners and learning, thought
fit to enter himfelf of that college, and after to matriculate
him in the univerlity. Walton's Life of Sanderfon.
Matriculate, n.f [from the verb.] A man matriculated.
Suffer me, in the name of the matriculates of that famous
univerfity, to aIk them fome plain queftions. Arbuthnot.
Matriculation, n.f [from matriculate.] The a£t of ma¬
triculating.
A Scholar abfent from the univerfity for five years, is ftruck
out of the matriculation book ; and, upon his coming de novo
to the univerfity, ought to be again matriculated. Ayliffe.
Matrimo'nial. adj. [matrimonial, Fr. from matrimonium,
Latin.] Suitable to marriage; pertaining to marriage; coivnubial; nuptial; hymeneal.
If he relied upon that title, he could be but a king at curtefy, and have rather a matrimonial than a regal power, the
right remaining in his queen. Bacon s Henry VII.
So Spake domeftick Adam in his care,
And matritnonial love. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
Since I am turn’d the hufband, you the wife ;
The matrimonial victory is mine.
Which, having fairly gain’d, I will refign. Dryden.
Matrimo'nially. adv. [from matrimonial.] According to the
manner or laws of marriage.
He is fo matrimonially wedded unto his church, that he
cannot quit the fame, even on the fcore of going unto a re¬
ligious houfe. Ayliffe's Parergon.
MATRIMONY, n.f ^matrimonium, Lat.] Marriage; the
nuptial ftate ; the contrail: of man and wife ; nuptials.
If any know caufe why this couple fiiould not be joined in
holy matrimony, they are to declare it. Common Prayer.
MA’TRIX. n. f. [Lat. matrice, Fr.] Womb; a place where
any thing is generated or formed.
If they be not lodged in a convenient matrix, they are
not excited by the efficacy of the fun. Brown's Vulgar Err.
Ma'tron. n.f. \tnatrone, French; matrona, Latin.]
1. An elderly lady.
Come, civil night.
Thou fober-fuited matron, all in black. Shakefpeare.
Your wives, your daughters,
Your matrons and your maids, could not fill up
The ciifern of my luft. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
She was in her early bloom, with a dilcretion very little
inferior to the moft experienced matrons. Vatler, N°. 53.
2. An old woman.
A matron fage
Supports with homely food his drooping age. Pope's Odyf.
Ma'tronal. adj. [matronalis, Latin.] Suitable to a matron ;
conftituting a matron.
He had heard of the beauty and virtuous behaviour of the
queen of Naples, the widow of Ferdinando the younger, be¬
ing then of matronal years of Seven and twenty. Bacon.
Ma'tronly. adj. matron and like.] Elderly; ancient.
The matronly wife plucked out all the brown hairs, and
the younger the white. L'Ejlrange's Fables.
Matross. n.f.
Matrojfes, in the train of artillery, are a fort of Soldiers
next in degree under the gunners, who affift about the guns
in traverfing, fpunging, firing, and loading them : they carry
firelocks, and march along with the {lore-waggons as a guard,
and as affiftants, in cafe a waggon fiiould break. Bailey.
Ma'tter. n.f. [matiere, French; materia, Latin.]
x. Body ; fubftance extended.
If then the foul another foul do make,
Becaufe her pow’r is kept within a bound.
She mull: fome former ftuff or matter take.
But in the foul there is no matter found. Davies.
It feems probable to me, that God in the beginning form¬
ed matter in Solid, mafiy, hard, impenetrable, moveable par¬
ticles, of Such Sizes and figures, and with fuch other proper¬
ties, and in fuch proportion to Space, as mod: conduced to
the end for which he formed them; and that thofe primitive
particles being Solids are incomparably harder than any porous
bodies compounded of them, even fo very hard as never to
wear or break in pieces, no ordinary power being able to di¬
vide what God himfelf made one in the firft creation. Newt.
Some have dimenfions of length, breadth, and depth, and
have alfo a power of refiftance, or exclude every thing of the
fame kind from being in the fame place : this is the proper
character of matter or body. Watts's Logick.
2. Materials; that of which any thing is compofed.
The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the
matter of tempelts before the air here below'. Bacon.
3. Subject; thing treated.
The fubjeCt or matter of law’s in general is thus far forth
Conftant, which matter is that for the ordering whereof laws
were inftituted. Hooker, b. i.
I have words to Speak in thy ear will make thee dumb ;
yet are they much too light for the matter. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Son of God, Saviour of men ! Thy name
Shall be the copious tnatter of my fong. Milt. Par. Lojl.
It is matter of the greateft aftonifhment to obferve the
common boldnefs of men. Decay of Piety.
I {hall turn
Full fraught with joyful tiding of thefe works.
New matter of his praife, and of our fongs. Dryden.
He grants the deluge to have come fo very near the mat¬
ter, that but very few efcaped. Tillotfon.
This is fo certain in true philofophy, that it is matter of
aftonilhment to me how it came to be doubted. Cheyne.
Be thou the copious tnatter of my fong. Phillips.
4. The whole ; the very thing fuppofed.
5. Affair; bufinefs : in a familiar fenfe.
To help the matter, the alchemifts call in many vanities
out of aftrology. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Matters Succeeded fo well with him, that every-body was
in admiration to fee how mighty rich he was grown. L'Eflr.
Never was any thing gotten by lenfuality and floth in mat¬
ter of profit or reputation. L'Ejlrange's Fables.
A fawn was reafoning the matter with a flag, why he
fhould run away from the dogs. L’EJlrange's Fables.
Some young female feems to have carried matters fo far,
that file is ripe for aiking advice. Spectator.
If chance herfelf fhould vary,
Obferve how matters would mifcarry. Prior.
6. Caufe of difturbance.
Where art thou ? What’s the matter with thee ? Shah
What’s the matter, you diffentious rogues.
That rubbing the poor itch of your opinion.
Make yourfelves fcabs. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
7. SubjeCt of fuit or complaint.
Slender, I broke your head ; what tnatter have you ao-ainft
me ?
—Marry, Sir, I have matter in my head againft you. Shah
If the craftfmen have a matter againft any man, the law is
open ; let them implead one another. Alts xix. 38.
In armies, if the matter fhould be tried by duel between
two champions, the victory fhould go on the one fide; and
yet if tried by the grofs, it would go on the other. Bacon.
8. Import; confequence; importance; moment.
If I had had time to have made new liveries, I would have
bellowed the thoufand I borrowed of you : but it is no mat¬
ter, this poor {hew doth better. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
And pleafe yourfelves this day;
No matter from what hands you have the play. Dryden.
A prophet fome, and fome a poet cry.
No matter which, fo neither of them lye.
From fteepy Othrys’ top to Pilus drove
His herd. Dryden.
Pleas’d or difpleas’d, no matter now ’tis paft;
The firft who dares be angry breaths his laft. Granville.
9. Thing; objeCt; that which has fome particular relation, or
is fubjeCt to particular confideration.
Tie king of Armenia had in his company three of the
moft famous men for matters of arms. Sidney, b. ii.
Plato ieprehended a young man for entering into a diilolute
houfe; the young man faid, Why for fo fmall a matter ?
Plato replied. But cuftom is no fmall matter. Bacon.
Many times the things deduced to judgment may be meum
and tuum, when the reafhn and confequence thereof may
trench to point of eftate. I call tnatter of eftate not only the
parts of lovereignty, but whatfoever introduceth any great
alteration, or dangerous precedent. Bacon's EJfays.
It is a maxim in ftate, that all countries of new acqueft,
till they be fettled, are rather matters of burden than of
ftrength. Bacon's War with Spain.
10. Queftion confidered.
Upon the whole matter, it is abfurd to think that confidence
can be kept in order without frequent examination. South.
6 11. Spacs
M A T M A U
II. Space or quantity nearly computed.
Away he goes to the market-town, a matter of feven miles
off, to enquire if any had feen his afs. L'Efrange.
1 have thoughts to tarry a fmall matter in town, to learn
fomewhat of your lingo. C^greve's Way of the World.
j2. Purulent running; that which is formed by fuppuration. '
In an inflamed tubercle in the great angle of the left eye,
the matter being fuppurated I opened it. Wifeman's Surgery.
13. Upon the Matter. A low phrafe now out of ufe, import¬
ing, coniidering the whole ; with refpeft to the main ; nearly.
In their fuperiors it quencheth jealoufy, and layeth their
competitors afleep; fo that upon the matter, in a great wit
deformity is an advantage to rifing. Bacon s EJJ'ays.
Upon the matter, in thefe prayers I do the fame thing I did
before, fave only that what before I fpakc without book I
now read. Bifop Sanderfon.
The elder, having confumed his whole fortune, when forced
to leave his title to his younger brother, left upon the matter
nothing to fupport it. Clarendon.
Waller, with Sir William Balfour, exceeded in horfe, but
were, upon the matter, equal in foot. Clarendon, h. viii.
If on one fide there are fair proofs, and no pretence of
proof on the other, and that the difficulties are moft preffmg
on that fide which is deftitute of proof, I defire to know,
whether this be not upon the matter as fatisfaftory to a wife
man as a demonftration. Tillotfon's Sermons.
To Ma'tter. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To be of importance; to import.
It matters not, fo they deny it all;
And can but carry the lye conftantly. Benj. Johnfon's Catal.
It matters not how they were called, fo wc know who they
are. Locke.
If Petrarch’s mufe did Laura’s wit rehearfe;
And Cowley flatter’d dear Orinda’s verfe;
She hopes from you—Pox take her hopes and fears,
I plead her fex’s claim : what matters hers ? Prior.
2. To generate matter by fuppuration.
Deadly wounds inward bleed, each flight fore mattereth.
Sidney, h. i.
The herpes beneath mattered, and were dried up with com¬
mon epuloticks. Wifeman's Surgery.
To Ma'tter. v. a. [from the noun.] To regard; not to
neglect: as, I matter not that calumny.
Mattery, adj. [from matter.] Purulent; generating matter.
The putrid vapours colliquate the phlegmatick humours of
the body, which tranfeending to the lungs, caufes their mat¬
tery cough. Harvey on Confumptions.
Ma'ttock. n. f. [martuc, Saxon.]
1. A kind of toothed inftrument to pull up wood.
Give me that mattock, and the wrenching iron. Shakefp.
2. A pickax.
You mull dig with mattock and with fpade.
And pierce the inmoft centre of the earth. Shakefpeare.
The Turks laboured with mattocks and pick-axes to dig up
the foundation of the wall. Knolles's Hif. of the Turks.
To deftroy mountains was more to be expected from
earthquakes than corrofive waters, and condemneth the judg¬
ment of Xerxes, that wrought through mount Athos with
mattocks. Brown s Vulgar Errours, h. vii.
Ma'ttress. n.f [matras, French; attras, Wellh.] A kind
of quilt made to lie upon.
Their mattrejfes were made of feathers and ftraw, and
fometimes of furs from Gaul. Arbuthnot.
Nor will the raging fever’s fire abate,
With golden canopies and beds of ftate ;
But the poor patient will as foon be found
On the hard mattrefs, or the mother ground. Dryden.
Maturation, n.f. [from maturo, Latin.]
1. The aft of ripening ; the ftate of growing ripe.
One of the caufes why grains and fruits are more nourifhing than leaves is, the length of time in which they grow to
maturation. Bacon's Nat. Hif. Nu. 466.
There is the maturation of fruits, the maturation of drinks,
2nd the maturation of' impoftumes ; as alfo other maturations
of metals. Bacon's Nat. Hif. N°. 312.
Wc have no heat to fpare in Summer; it is very well if it
be fufficient for the maturation of fruits. Bentley's Semi.
2. [In phyfick.] Maturation, by fome phyfical writers, is ap¬
plied to the fuppuration of excrementitious or extravafated
juices into matter, and differs from concoftion or digeftion,
which is the railing to a greater perfeftion the alimentary and
natural juices in their proper canals. Quincy.
Ma'turative. adj. [from maturo, Latin.]
1. Ripening ; conducive to ripenefs.
Between the tropicks and the equator their fecond Summer
' is hotter, and more maturaiive of fruits than the former.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, l. jv.
2. Conducive to the fuppuration of a fore.
hotter is maturative, and is profitably mixed with anodynes
an I fuppuratives. Wifeman's Surgery.
Matu're. adj. \maturns, Latin.]
1. Ripe; perfected by time.
When once he was mature for man :
In Britain where was'he,
That could ftand up his parallel.
Or rival objeft be ? Shakefpeare's Cymheline.
I heir prince is a man of learning and virtue, mature in
years and experience, who has feldom any vanity to gratify.
_ Addifon on Italy.
Adature the virgin was of Egypt’s race,
Grace fhap’d her limbs, and beauty deck’d her face. Prior.
How fhall I meet, or how accoft the fage,
Unfkill’d in fpeech, nor yet mature of age. Pope's Odyf.
2. Brought near to completion. °
I his lies glowing, and is mature for the violent breaking
ou^* Shakefpebre's Coriolanus.
Here i’ th’ fands
Thee 111 rake up ; and in the mature time.
With this ungracious paper ftrike the fight
Of the death-praftis d duke. Shakefp. King Lear.
3* Well-difpofed ; fit for execution ; well-digefted.
1 o Matu're. v. a. [maturo, Latin.] To ripen; to advance
to ripenefs.
Pick an apple with a pin full of holes, not deep, and
.ear it a little with fack, to fee if the virtual heat of the
wine will not mature it. Bacon's Nat. Hif.
Love indulg’d my labours paft.
Matures my prefent, and fliall bound my laft. Pope.
.Maturely, adv, [ftorn mature,^
1. Ripely; completely.
2. With counfel well-digefted.
A prince ought maturely to confider, when he enters on a
war, wnether his coffers be full, and his revenues clear of
d=bt=- , Swift.
3. Early; foon. J
We are fo far from repining at God, that he hath not ex¬
tended the period of our lives to the longevity of the ante¬
diluvians ; that we give him thanks for contrafting the days
of cur trial, and receiving us more maturely into thofe everlafting habitations above. Bentley's Sermons.
./Iatu Riry. n.f. [maturity French; maturitas, Lat.] Ripe ^
uefs; completion. r J
It may not be unfit to call fome of young years to train up
for thofe weighty affairs, againft the time of greater matu-
- rity- . Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
Impatient nature had taught motion
o ftart from time, and cheerfully to fly
Before, and feize upon maturity. Crajbaw.
Various mortifications muft be undergone, many difficul¬
ties and obftruftions conquered, before we can arrive at a
juft maturity in religion. _ Rogers's Sermons.
Ma'udlin. adj. [Maudlin is the corrupt appellation of Magdelon^ who being drawn by painters with fwoln eyes, and dis¬
ordered look, a drunken countenance, feems to have been fo
named from a ludicrous refemblance to the pifture of Ma?-
delen.] Drunk ; fuddled.
And the kind maudling crowd melts in her praife.
Southern's Spartan Dame.
And largely, what Ihe wants in words, fupplies
With maudlin eloquence of trickling eyes. Rofommon.
Ma'udlin. n.f. [ageratum, Latin.] A plant.
1 he flowers of the maudlin are digefted into loofe umbels,
but in other refpefts it is very like the coftmary. The fpecies are three. ^ Miller.
Maugre. adj. [malgre, French.] In fpite of; notwithftanding. It is now out of ufe.
Maugre all the world, will I keep fafe ;
Or fome of you fhall fmoke for it in Rome. Shakefpeare.
Maugre thy ftrength, place, youth, and eminence;
Thy valour, and thy heart; thou art a traitor. Shakefp.
I through the ample air in triumph high
Shall lead hell captive ; maugre hell ! and fhow
The pow’rs of darknefs bound. Milton's Par. Lof, h. x.
Maugre all which, ’twas to ftand faft.
As long as monarchy fhould laft. Hudihras, p. i.
He prophefied of the fuccefs of his gofpel; which, after
his death, immediately took root, and fpread itfelf every¬
where, maugre all oppofition or perfection. Burnet.
Ma'vis. n.f [mauvis, French.] A thrufli. An old word.
The world that cannot deem of worthy things.
When I do praife her, fay I do but flatter;
So doth the cuckow, when the mavis iings,
Begins his witlefs note apace to clear. Spenfer’s Sonnet.
In birds, kites have a refemblance with hawks, and black¬
birds with thrufhes and mavifes. Bacon's Nat. Hif.
To Maul. v.a. [from malleus, Latin.] To beat; to bruife •
to hurt in coarfe or butcherly manner.
Will he who faw the foldier’s mutton fift
And faw thee maul’d, appear within the lift
To witnefs truth ? Dry,,;’, Juvenal.
Once ev ry week poor Hannibal is maul'd,
7 he theme is given, and ftrait the council’s call’d,
V. hether lie fhould to Rome direftly go. Dryden's fuv.
I had 16 F
M A Y M A Y
I had fome repute for profe ;
And, till they drove me out of date,
Could maul a minifter of ftate. Swift's Mifeel.
But fate with butchers plac’d thy prieftly ftall,
Meek modern faith to murder, hack and maul. Pope.
Maul, n.f [malleus, Latin.] A heavy hammer.
A man that beareth falfe witnefs is a maul, a fv/ord, and
fharp arrow. Prov.xxv. 18.
Maund. n.f. [manb, Saxon; mander, Fr.] A hand-bafket.
do Ma'under. v.n. [maudire, French.] To grumble; to
murmur.
He made me many vifits, maundring as if I had done him
a difeourtefy in leaving fuch an opening. Wifeman's Surgery.
Ma'underer. n.f. [from maunder.] A murmurer ; a grum¬
bler.
Maundy-thursday. n f [derived by Spelman from mande,
a hand-bafket, in which the king was accuftomed to give
alms to the poor.] The Thurfday before Good-friday.
iMAUSOLEUM. n. f. [Latin ; maufolee, French. A name
which was firft given to a ftately monument ereefted by his
queen Artimefia to her hufband Maufolus, king of Caria.]
A pompous funeral monument.
Maw. n.f. [maga, Saxon; maeghe, Dutch.]
1. The ftomach of animals, and of human beings, in con¬
tempt.
So oft in feafts with coftly changes clad,
To crammed maws a fprat new ftomach brings. Sidney.
We have heats of dungs, and of bellies and maws of living
creatures, and of their bloods. Bacon.
Though plenteous, all too little feems.
To fluff this maw, this vail: unhidebound corps. Milt-on.
The ferpent, who his maw obfeene had fill’d.
The branches in his curl’d embraces held. Dryden.
2. The craw of birds.
Granivorous birds have the mechanifm of a mill; their
maw is the hopper which holds and foftens the grain, letting
it down by degrees into the ftomach, where it is ground by
two ftrong mufcles ; in which a&ion they are affifted by fmall
ftones, which they fwallow for the purpofe. Arbuthnot.
Ma'wkish. adj. [perhaps from maw.] Apt to give fatietyj
apt to caufe loathing.
Flow, Welfted ! flow, like thine infpirer beer.
So fweetly mawkifh, and fo fmoothly dull. Pope.
Ma'wkishness. n.f [from mawkifb.] Aptnefs to caufe loathmg.
Ma'wmet. n.f. [or mammet, from mam ox mother.] A pup¬
pet, anciently an idol.
Ma'wmish. adj. [from mawm or mawmet.] Fcolifh; idle i
naufeous.
It is one of the moft naufeous, mawmijh mortifications,
for a man of fenfe to have to do with a pundual, finical fop.
L'Eflravge.
Maw-worm. n.f. [ynaw and worm.]
Ordinary gut-worms loofen, and Aide oft from, the intern
tunick of the guts, and frequently creep into the ftomach for
nutriment, being attracted thither by the fweet chyle ; whence
they are called ftomach or maw-worms. Harvey on Conf.
Ma'xillar. 7 adj. [maxillaris, Latin.] Belonging to the
Ma'xillary. 5 jaw-bone.
The greateft quantity of hard fubftance continued is to¬
wards the head; there is the fkull, the teeth, and the maxil¬
lary bones. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 74.
Ma'xim. n.f. [maxime, French; maximum, hat.] An axiom;
a general principle; a leading truth.
This maxim out of love I teach. Shakefpeare.
It is a maxim in ftate, that all countries of new acqueft,
till fettled, are rather matters of burden than of ftrength.
Bacon’s War ivitb Spain.
Yet, as in duty bound, they ferve him on ;
Nor eafe, nor wealth, nor life itfelf regard.
For ?tis their maxim, love is love’s reward. Dryden.
That the temper, the fentiments, the morality of men,
is influenced by the example and difpofition of thofe they converfe with, is a reflexion which has long fince palled into
proverbs, and been ranked among the Handing maxims of hu¬
man wifdom. Roger s Sermons.
May, auxiliary verb, preterite might, [magan, Saxon; moghen,
Dutch.]
1. To be at liberty; to be permitted; to be allowed; as, you
may do for me [per me licet] all you can.
He that is fent out to travel with the thoughts of a man,
defigniag to improve himfelf, may get into the converfation
of perions of condition. Locke on Education.
2. To be poffible; with the words may be.
Be the workmen what they may be, let us fpeak of the
work. Bacon's EJfays.
3. To be by chance.
It may be, I fhall othervvife bethink me. Shakcfp.
How old may Phillis be, you alk,
Whofe beauty thus all hearts engages ?
To anfwer is no eafy talk.
For fhe has really two ages. Jp.rior.
4. To have powef.
This alio tendeth to no more but what the king may do :
for what he may do is of two kinds; what he may do as juft,
and what he may do as poflib'c. Bacon.
Make the moft of life you may. Bourne.
5. A word exprefting dei&e.
May you live happily and long for the fervice of your coun¬
try. Dryden s Dedicat, to the AEneis.
May-be. Perhaps.
May-be, that better reafon will affwage
The r.alh revenger’s heart, words well difpos’d
Have fecret pow’r t’ appeafe inflamed rage. Fairy ghqefl.
May-be, the am’rous count folicits her
In the unlawful purpofe. Shake/p. All's well that ends well.
’Tis nothing yet, yet all thou haft to give;
Then add thofe may-be years thou haft to live. Dryden.
What they offer is bare may-be and fhift, and fcarce ever
amounts to a tolerable reafon. Creech.
May. n.f [Maius, Latin.] The fifth month of the year; the
confine of Spring and Summer ; the early or gay part of life.
On a day, alack the day !
Love, whofe month is ever May,
’Spied a bloffom palling fair.
Playing in the wanton air. Shakefp. Love's Labour lofl.
Maids are May when they are maids,
But the fky changes when they are wives. Shakefp.
My liege
Is in the very May-morn of his youth.
Ripe tor exploits. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
I’ll prove it on his body, if he dare ;
Defpight his nice fence, and his active practice,
His May of youth, and bloom of luftihood. Shakefp.
May muft be drawn with a fweet and amiable counte¬
nance, dad in a robe of white and green, embroidered with
daffidils, hawthorns, and blue-bottles. Peacham,
Hail! bounteous May, that do’ft infpire
Mirth and youth, and warm defire ;
Woods and groves are of thy drefiing,
Hill and dale doth boaft thy blefling. Milton.
To May. v. n. [from the noun.] To gather flowers on May
morning. J
When merry May firft early calls the morn.
With merry maids a maying they do go. Sidnev
Cupid with Aurora playing.
As he met her once a maying. Milton.
May-bug. n.f [May and bug.] A chaffer. Ainf
May-day. n.f [May and day.J The firft ©f May. J*
’Tis as much impoffible,
Unlefs we fwept them from the door with cannons.
To fcatter ’em, as ’tis to make ’eqxfleep
On May-day morning. Shakefpeare.
May-flower, n.f [May and flower.] A plant.
The plague, they report, h'ath a feent of the May-fiower.
x/r r r** , „ Bacon's Nat. Hifi.
May-fly. n.f [May andfly.] An infedl.
He loves the May-fly, which is bred of the cod-worm or
ca is. Walton's Angler.
May-game, n.f [May and game.] Piverfion; fport; fuch
as are ufed on 'the firft of May.
The king this while, though he feemed to account of the
defigns of Perkin but as a May-game, yet had given order
tor the watching of beacons upon the coafts. Bacon.
Like early lovers, whofe unpradtis’d hearts
Were long the May-game of malicious arts.
When once they find their jealoufies were vain.
With double heat renew their fires agaim * Dryden.
Aday-lily. n.f. The fame with lily of the valley
May-pole, n.f [May ^pole.] Pole to be danced round in
May.
Amid the area wide fhe took her ftand
Where the ‘all Mm-pol, once o’er-look’d’the ftrand. Pot,
Jm'? <?'£ 1 dand A fPecira <>f chemomL caned alfo ftinking chamomile, which grows wild. Miller
The Mate-weed doth burne, and the thiftle doth freat *
MA'YOR » r pr d-OWnr f fe,th Tand wheat. Tuffer. MA 1 OR. n.f [major, Lat.] The chief magiftrate of a corporanon, who, in London and York, is called Lord Mayor.
My Lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you.
Tin , ; , Shakefpeare's Rich. III.
W hen tue kmg once heard it; out of anger.
He Cent command to the lord mayor ftrait
1 o ftop the rumour. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
e may01 of this town locked up the gates of the city.
Knolles's Hift. of the Turks.
>V ou d It thou not rather chufe a fmall renown,
- _ / 0 ‘3e mayor of forjne poor, paltry town. Dryden.
Ma yoralty. n.J. [from mayor.] The office of a mayor.
It is incorporated with a mayoralty, and nameth burgeffes
to the parliament. Carnu's Survey of Cornvjaii
There was a fharp profecution againft Sir William’Cap^
for mifgovernment in his mayoralty. Bacon's Henry Vll
Ma'yo-ess. n.f [from mayor.] The wife of the mayor.
Ma'zapd.
I.
2.
Spcnfe'er.
Drydt'en.
M E A.
Ma'zard. n.f. [mafchoire, French.] A jaw. Hanmer.
Now my lady Worm’s chaplefs, and knockt about the
mazard with a fextori s ipade. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Where thou might’ft Itickle without hazard
Of outrage to thy hide and mazard. Hudibras, />. i.
MAZE, n.f [miffen, Dutch, to millake 3 maye, a whirlpool,
Skinner.]
A labyrinth ; a place of perplexity and winding paffages.
He, like a copious river, pour’d his fong
O’er all the mazes of enchanted ground. Thomfon.
Confufion of thought; uncertainty ; perplexity.
He left in himfelf nothing but a maze of longing, and a
dungeon of forrow. Sidney, b. ii.
While they ftudy how to bring to pafs that religion may
feem but a matter made, they lofe themfelves in the very
maze of their own difcourfes, as if reafon did even purpofely
forlake them, who of purpofe forfake God, the author
thereof. Hooker, b. v.
I have thruft myfelf into this maze.
Haply to wive and thrive as belt I may. Shakefpeare.
To Maze. v. a. [from the noun.] To bewilder; to conful'e.
Much was I maz'd to fee this monfter kind,
In hundred forms to change his fearful hue.
Ma'zy. adj. [from maze.] Perplexed 3 confufed.
The Lapithae to chariots add the ftate
Of bits and bridles, taught the fteed to bound,
T. o run the ring, and trace the mazy round.
Ma'zer. n.f. \maefer, Dutch, a knot of maple.] A maple
cup.
Then, lo ! Perigot, the pledge which I plight,
A onazer ywrought of the maple ware,
Wherein is enchafed many a fair fight
Of bears and tygers that make fierce war. Spenfer's Paf.
Virgil obferves, like Theocritus, a juft decorum, both of
the fubjed and the perfons, as particularly in the third paftoral, where one of his fhepherds defcribes a bowl, or mazer,
curioufly carved. Dryden's Virgil.
M. D. Mediana dodlor, dodor of phyfick.
Me,
j. The oblique cafe of I.
Me, only me, the hand of fortune bore,
Unbleft to tread an interdicted fhore. Pope's Odyjfey.
For me the fates feverely kind, ordain
A cool fufpenfe. Pope.
2. Me is fometimes a kind of ludicrous expletive.
He thrufts me himfelf into the company of three or four
gentlemanlike dogs, under the duke’s table. ShakeJ'peare.
He prefently, as greatnefs knows itfelf.
Steps me a little higher than his vow
Made to my father, while his blood wgs poor. Shakefp.
I, having been acquainted with the fmell before, knew it
was Crab, and goes me to the fellow that whips the dogs.
Shakefp. Two Gentlemen of Verona.
I followed me clofe, came in foot and hand, and, with a
thought, feven of the eleven I paid. Shakefp. Henry IV.
3. It is fometimes ufed ungrammatically for /; as, methinks.
Me rather had, my heart might feel your love.
Than my unpleas’d eye fee your courtefy. Shakefpeare
1ACOCK, n. f. fmesrnn. Rkinna*-^ An ..-..n-: “
M E A
.Me acock, n.J. [mes coq. Skinner.] An uxorious or effemi¬
nate man.
Me'acock. adj. Tame; timorous; cowardly,
’Tis a world to fee,
How tame, when men and women are alone,
A meacock wretch can make the curfteft threw. Shakefp.
Mead. n.f. [mae&o, Saxon; meethe, Dutch; meth, German;
hydromeli, Lat.] A kind of drink made of water and honey.
Though not fo folutive a drink as mead, yet it will be more
‘ grateful to the ftomach. Bacon.
He fheers his over-burden’d fheep ;
Or mead for cooling drink prepares.
Of virgin honey in the jars. Drn'den.
^/rE^D* l n'f’ [ma5be5 Sax.] Ground fomewhat watery, not
Me'adow. S plowed, but covered with grafs and flowers.
Where al thing in common do reft,
Corne feeld with the pafture and mead,
Yet what doth it ftand you in ftead ? Tuffers Plufb.
A band feled from forage drives M
A herd of beeves, fair oxen, and fair kine,
From a fat meadow ground. Milton's Par Loft b x
Paints her, ’tis true, with the fame hand which fpreads,
Like glorious colours, through the flow’ry meads.
When Javilh nature with her bell attire
Cloaths the gay fpring, the feafon of defire. Waller.
Yet ere to-morrow’s fun lhall fihew his head,
The dewy paths of meadows we will tread, (
For crowns and chaplets to adorn thy bed. Dryden. j
Me adow-saffron. n.f. [colchicum, Lat.] A plant.
The meadow-faffron hath a flower confifting of one leaf,
fhaped like a lily, rifing in form of a fmall tube, and is gra¬
dually widened into fix fegments : it hasjikewife a folid, bul¬
bous root, covered with a membranous Ikin. Miller,
Meadow-sweet, n.f. [uhnaria, Lat.] A plant. *
1 he meadow-facet hath a flower compofed of feveral leaves
placed in a circular order, and expanding in form of a role
out of whole empalement rifes the pointal, which becomes a
frmt compofcd ot many little membranous crooked hulks mitherd into an head, each of which generally contains one
Iced. JMiilleT
Me'acer. adj. \maigre, French; tracer, Latin.]
1.Lean ; wanting flclh ; ftarven.
Thou art fo lean and meagre waxen late,
That fcarce thy legs uphold thy feeble gate. Hubberd,
Now will the canker forrow eat my bud.
And chafe the native beauty from his cheek.
And he will look as hollow as a yhoft,
As dim and meagre as an ague’s fit. Shakefp. King John.
Meager were his looks,
Sharp mifery had worn him to the bones. Shakefpeare.
Whatfoever their neighbour gets, they lofe, and the
very bread that one eats makes t’other meager. f'Eflrange.
The reeking entrails
He to his meagre malliffs made a prey. Dryden.
Fierce famine with her meagre face.
And fevers of the fiery race,
In lwarms th’ offending wretch furround*
All brooding on the blafted ground :
And limping death, lalh’d on by fate.
Comes up to fhorten half our date. Drvdeti
2.I oor ; hungry. J
Canaan s happy land, when worn with toil,
Requir’d a Sabbath year to mend the meagre foil. Dryden.
I o Me ager. v. a. [from the noun.] To make lean.
It cannot be, that I fhould be fo fhamefully betrayed, and
k a man meagered with long watching and painful labour,
laid himfelf down to fleep. Knelles's Hift. of the Turks.
Me agerness. n.f. [from meager.]
1. Leannefs ; want of flelh.
2. Scantnefs ; barenefs.
Poynings, the better to make compenfation of the meanernejs of his fervice in the wars by ads of peace, called a par¬
liament. Bacon's Henry VII.
Meak. n.f. A hook with a long handle.
A meake for the peafe, and to fwing up the brake. Tuff,
Meal. n.f. [male, Saxon, repaft or portion.]
X. The ad of eating at a certain time.
Boaz laid unto her at meal time, Come eat, and dip thv
morfej. -n., R y
rp, . ... Auth 11. 14.
1 he quantity of aliment neceffary to keep the animal in a
due ftate of vigour, ought to be divided into meals at proper
intervals. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. A repaft.
What ftrange filh
Hath made his meal on thee ? Shakefp. Temteft*
Give them great meals of beef, and iron and fteel, they
will cat like wolves, and fight like devils. Shakefp. Henry V*
They made m> a mifer’s feaft of happlne/s,
And cou’d not furnifti out another meal. Dryden.
3. A part; a fragment. /
T hat yeaily rent is ftill paid into the hanaper, even as the
former cafualty itfelf was wont to be, in parcel meal, brought
in, and anfwered there. Bacon.
4* [Maelepe, Saxon; meel, Dutch; tnahlen, to grind, Ger¬
man.] The flower or edible part of corn.
In the bolting and fifeing of near fourteen years of fuch
power and favour, all that came out could not be expeded
to be pure and fine meal, but mull have a mixture of padar
and bran in this lower age of human fragility. JVottcn.
An old weazel conveys himfelf into a meal-tdB for the
mice to come to her, fince (he could not go to them.
T M r . _ , . „ VBjlrange't Fables.
To Meal. v. a. [meter, French.] To fpnnkle ; to mino-le.
Were he meal'd
With that which he correds, then were he tyrannous.
Shakefpeare's Meaf for Meafure.
Me alman.n.f. [meal and man.] One that deals in meal.
Me'aly. adj. [from meal.]
1. Having the tafte or foft infipidity of meal; having the qua¬
lities of meal. n
The mealy parts of plants diffolved in water make too vifcid an aliment. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Befprinkled, as with meal.
With four wings, as all farinaceous and mealy-winged ani¬
mals, as butterflies and moths. Broivn's Vulgar Errours.
Like a gay infed, in his fummer fiiine,
The fop light fluttering fpreads his mealy wings. Thcmfon.
Mealy-Mouthed, adj. [imagined by Skinner to be corrupt¬
ed from mild-mouthed or mellow-mouthed: but perhaps from the
fore mouths of animals, that, when they are unable to comminute their grain, muft be fed with meal.] Soft mouthed ;
unable to Ipeak freely.
She was a fool to be maly-mmtbed where nature fpeaks fo
,,r!a,n- , , L'hrange.
MEALYMOUTHEDIgM. n.f. [from the adjective.] Ba&tuluefs; reftramt of fpcech. J
Mean.
M E A M E A
Mean, adj, [mcene, Saxon.]
1. Wanting dignity ; of low rank or birth.
She was ftricken with moil obftinate love to a young marl
but of mean parentage, in her father’s court, named Antiphilus; fo mean, as that he was but the fon of her nurfe,
and by that means, without other defert, became known of
bet* Sidney, b. ii.
This faireft maid of fairer mind ;
'By fortune mean, in nature born a queen. Sidney.
Let pale-fac’d fear keep with the mean-born man,
And find no harbour in a royal heart. Shakefp. Henry VI.
True hope is fwift, and flies with fwaliow wings;
Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures, kings. Shak.
2. Low-minded ; bafe ; ungenerous ; fpiritlefs.
The fhepherd knows not thunder from a tabor.
More than I know the found of Marcius’ tongue
From every meaner man. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Can you imagine I fo mean could prove.
To fave my life by changing of my love ? Dryden.
We fail not to pleafe men, nor to promote any mean,
worldly intereft. Smalridge's Sermons.
3. Contemptible; defpicable.
The Roman legions, and great Caefar found
Our fathers no mean foes. Philips.
I have facrificed much of my own felf-love, in preventing
not only many mean things from feeing the light, but many
which I thought tolerable. Pope.
4. Low in the degree of any property; low in worth ; low in
power.
Some things are good, yet in fo mean a degree of goodnefs, that many are only not difproved nor difallowed of God
for them. Hooker, b. ii.
The lands be not holden of her majefly in chief, but by a
mean tenure in foccage, or by knight’s fervice at the moft.
Bacon's Office ofAlienation.
By this extortion he fuddenly grew from a mean to a mighty
eflate, infomuch that his ancient inheritance being not one
thoufand marks yearly, he became able to difpend ten thoufand pounds. Davies on Ireland.
To peaceful Rome new laws ordain ;
Call’d from his mean abode a feeptre to fuflain. Dryden.
5. [Moyen, French.] Middle; moderate; without excels.
He faw this gentleman, one of the propereft and beftgraced men that ever I faw, being of middle age and a mean
ftature. Sidney, b. ii.
Now read with them thofe organick arts which enable
fnen to difeourfe and write, and according to the fitteft ftyle
of lofty, mean, or lowly. Milton on Education.
6. Intervening; intermediate.
In the mean while the heaven was black with clouds and
wind, and there was a great rain. 1 Kings xviii. 45.
There is French wheat, which is bearded, and requiieth
the beft foil, recompenfing the fame with a profitable plenty;
and not wheat, fo termed becaufe it is unbearded, is content¬
ed with a meaner earth, and contenting with a fuitable gain.
Carew on Cornwall.
Mean, n.f [moyen, French.]
1. Mediocrity; middle rate; medium.
Oft ’tis feen.
Our mean fecurities, and our mere defedls
Prove our commodities. Shakefp. King Lear.
Temperance with golden fquare.
Betwixt them both can meafure out a mean. Shakefp.
There is a mean in all things, and a certain meafure
wherein the good and the beautiful confift, and out of which
they never can depart. Dryden s Dufrefnoyf
But no authority of gods or men
Allow of any mean in poefie. Bofcommon.
Againft her then her forces prudence joins.
And to the golden mean herfelf confines. Denham.
2. Meafure ; regulation.
The rolling fea refounding foft,
In his big bafe them fitly anlwered,
And on the rock the waves breaking aloft,
A folemn mean unto them meafured. Fairy Queen.
3. Interval; interim; mean time.
But fith this wretched woman overcome.
Of anguifh rather than of crime hath been,
Referve her caufe to her eternal doom,
And in the mean vouchfafe her honourable tomb.
Fairy Queen.
4. Inflrument; meafure; that which is ufed in order to any
end.
Pamela’s noble heart would needs gratefully make known
the valiant mean of her fafety. Sidney, b. i.
As long as that which Chriftians did was good, and no
way fubjedl to jull reproof, their virtuous converfetion was a
mean to work the Heathens converfion unto Chrift./ Hooker.
It is no cxcufe unto him who, being drunk, eommitteth
incefl, and alledgeth that his wits were not* hjs own ; in as
much as himfelf might have chofen whether his wits fhould
by that mean have been taken from him. Hooker, b. i.
lie tempering goodly well
Their contrary diflikes with loved ?neans.
Did place them all in order, and compell
To keep themfelves within their fundry reigns,
Together link’d with adamantine chains. Spcnftr.
I’ll devife a mean to draw the Moor
Out of the wav, that your converfe and bufinels
May be more free. Shakefpeare's Othello•
No place will pleafe me fo, no mean of death,
As here by Caefar and by you cut off. Shakefpeare.
Nature is made better by no mean,
But nature makes that mean; fo over that art
Which, you fay, adds to nature, is an art
That nature makes. Shakefp. Winter's Pale.
Your dobtrine leads them to look on this end as effential,
and on the means as indifferent. Lord Bolingbrooke to Swift.
5. It is often ufed in the plural, and by fome not very gram¬
matically with an adjective lingular.
The more bafe art thou,
To make fuch means for her as thou haft done.
And leave her on fuch flight conditions. Shakefpeare.
By this means he had them the more at vantage, being
tired and harraffed with a long march. Bacon's Henry III.
Becaufe he wanted means to perform any great adlion, he
made means to return the fooner. Davies on Ireland.
Strong was their plot.
Their parties great, means good, the feafon fit, .
Their practice clofe, their faith fufpected not. Daniel.
By this means not only many helplefs perfons will be pro¬
vided for, but a generation will be bred up not perverted by
any other hopes. Sprat's Sermons.
Who is there that hath the leifure and means to colled! all
the proofs concerning moft of the opinions he has, fo as
fafely to conclude that he hath a clear and full view. Locke.
A good charadler, when eftablifhed, fhould not be refted in
as an end, but only employed as a means of doing ftill farther
good. Atterbury's Sermons.
It renders us carelefs of approving ourfelves to God by re¬
ligious duties, and, by that means, lecuring the continuance
of his goodnefs. Atterbury's Sermons.
6. By all Means. Without doubt; without hefitation; with¬
out fail.
7. By no Means. Not in any degree ; not at all.
The wine on this fide of the lake is by no means fo good as
that on the other. Addifon on Italy.
8. Means are likewife ufed for revenue; fortune; probably from
defmenes.
Your means are very flender, and your wafte is great.
Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
Ruft fword ; cool blufhes ; and, parolles, live
Safeft in fhame ! being fool’d, by fool’ry thrive;
There’s place and means for every man alive. Shakefp.
For competence of life I will allow you.
That lack of means enforce you-not to evil;
And, as we hear you do reform yourfelves.
Give you advancement. Shakefpeare's Henry TV.
Effex did not build or adorn any houfe; the queen per¬
chance fpending his time, and himfelf his means. Wotton.
9. Mean-time. }In the intervening time: fometimes an
Mean-while. J adverbial mode of fpeech.
Mean-while
The world fhall burn, and from her allies fpring
New heav’n and earth. Milton's Par. Loft, b. iii.
Mean-time the rapid heav’ns rowl’d down the light.
And on the fhaded ocean rufh’d the night. Dryden.
Mean-time her warlike brother on the feas.
His waving ftreamers to the winds difplays. Dryden,
Mean time, in ftiades of night iEneas lies ;
Care feiz’d his foul, and fieep forfook his eyes. Dryden.
Mean-while I’ll draw up my Numidian troops.
And, as I fee occafion, favour thee. Addifon's Cato.
The Roman legions were all recalled to help their country
againft the Goths ; mean-time the Britons, left to fhift for
themfelves, and daily harrafied by cruel inroads from the
Pidls, were forced to call in the Saxons for their defence.
Swift.
To Mean. v. n. [meenen, Dutch.] To have in the mind; to
intend ; to purpofe.
. AYhen your children fhall fay, What mean you by this fer¬
vice ? ye fhall fay. It is th« paffover. Exod. xii. 26.
Thefe delights if thou canft give.
Mirth, with thee I mean to live. Milton.
To Mean. v. a.
I. To purpofe ; to intend ; to defign.
A e thought evil againft me ; but God meant it unto o-cod,
to fave much people alive. Gen. 1. 20.
And life more perfebt have attain’d than fate
Meant me, by venturing higher than my lot. Milton.
I pra&is’d it to make you tafte your cheer
With double pleafure, firft prepar’d by fear;
So loyal fubjedts often feize their prince,
A ct mean his facred peifon not the leaft offence. Dryden.
7 2. To
ME A M E A
2.To intend ; to hint covertly ; to underftand.
I more eafily forfake an argument on which I could delight
to dwell; I mean your judgment in your choice of friends.
Dryden's Aurengzele.
Whatever was meant by them, it could not be that Cain,
as elder, had a natural dominion over Abel. Locke.
Mea'ndeR. n.f. [Meander is a river in Phrygia remarkable
for its winding courfe.] Maze ; labyrinth; flexuous paflage j
Terpentine winding ; winding courfe.
Phyficians, by the help of anatomical difletftions, have
fearched into thofe various meanders of the veins, arteries,
and integrals of the body. Male's Origin of Mankind.
’Tis well, that while mankind
Through fate’s perverfe meander errs.
He can imagin’d pleafures find.
To combat againft real cares. Prior.
While ling’ring rivers in meanders glide,
They flatter verdant life on either fide;
The vallies fmile, and with their flow’ry face.
And wealthy births confefs the floods embrace. Blackmore.
Law is a bottomlefs pit: John Bull was flattered by the
lawyers, that his fuit would not laft above a year; yet ten
long years did Hocus fleer his caufe through all the meanders
of the law, and all the courts. Arbuthnot.
Mea'ndrous. adj. [from meander.] Winding; flexuous.
Me'aning. n.f [from mean.]
1. Purpofe; intention.
I am no honeft man, if there be any good meaning toward
you. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
2. Habitual intention.
Some whofe meaning hath at firft been fair,
Grow knaves by ufe, and rebels by defpair. Rofcotnmcn.
3. The fenfe ; the thing underftood.
The meaning, net the name, I call: for thou.
Not of the Mules nine. Alilton’s Par. Lojl, b. vii.
Thefe loft the fenfe their learning to difplay,
And thofe explain’d the meaning quite away. Pope.
No word more frequently in the mouths of men than con¬
fluence ; and the meaning of it is, in fome meafure, under¬
ftood : however, it is a word extremely abufed by many, who
apply other meanings to it which God Almighty never in¬
tended. Swift's Mifcel.
Me'anly. adv. [from mean.]
1. Moderately; not in a great degree.
Dr. Metcalfe, mafter of St. John’s College, a man meanly
learned himfelf, but not meanly affeefioned to let forward
learning in others. Afcham's Schoolmajler.
In the reign of Domitian, poetry was but sneanly cultiva¬
ted, but painting eminently flourifhed. Dryden's Dufrefncy.
2. Without dignity; poorly.
It was the winter wild,
While the heav’n-born child,
All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies. Milton.
The Perfian ftate will not endure a king
So meanly born. Denham's Sophy.
3. Without greatnefs of mind ; ungeneroufly.
Would you meanly thus rely
On power, you know I muft obey. Prior.
4. Without refpeef.
Our kindred, and our very names, feem to have fomething defireable in them : we cannot bear to have others think
meanly of them. , Watts's Logick.
Me'anness. n.f. [from mean.]
1. Want of excellence.
The minifter’s greatnefs or meannefs of knowledge to do
other things, ftandeth in this place as a ftranger, with whom
our form of common prayer hath nothing to do. Hooker.
This figure is of a later date by the meannefs of the wrorkmanfhip. Addifon on Italy.
2. Want of dignity ; low rank ; poverty.
No other nymphs have title to mens hearts,
But as their meannefs larger hopes imparts. Waller.
Poverty, and meannefs of condition, expofe the wifeft to
fcorn, it being natural for men to place their efteem rather
upon things great than good. South's Sermons.
3. Lownefs of mind.
The name of fervants has of old been reckoned to imply
a certain meannefs of mind, as well as lownefs of condition.
South's Sermons.
4. Sordidnefs; niggardlinefs.
Meant, perf. and part. pafT. of to mean.
By Silvia if thy charming felf be meant;
If friendfhip be thy virgin vows extent:
O ! let me in Aminta’s praifes join ;
Her’s my efteem lhall be, my paflion thine. Prior.
Mease, n.f. [probably a corruption of meafure: as, a mcafe
of herrings is five hundred. Ainf.
ME'ASLES. n.f. [morbilli, Latin.]
Meafes are a critical eruption in a fever, well known in
the common practice, and bear this name, which is a dimi¬
nutive of morbus, becaufc it hath been accounted a lpecies
of fuch malignant and peftilential fevers, to which comparalively this is fo in a much inferior degree. Quincy.
My lungs
Coin words till their decay, againft thofe meafes,
Which we difdain ftiould tetter us, yet feek
The very way to catch them. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs
were rife and mortal, as likewife the meafes. Arbuthnot,
2. A difeafe of fwine.
One, when he had an unlucky old grange, would needs
fell it, and proclaimed the virtues of it; nothing ever thrived
on it, no owner of it ever died in his bed ; the lwine died of
the meafes, and the fheep of the rot. B. JohnJ'on's Difevery,
3. A difeafe of trees.
Fruit-bearers are often infe&ed with the meafes, by being
fcorched with the fun. Mortimer's Hufbandry,
Me'asled. adj. [from meafes.] Infected with the meafles,
Thou vermin wretched.
As e’er in sneafed pork was hatched ;
Thou tail of worship, that doft grow
On rump of juftice as of cow. Hudibras, p. i\
Me'asly. adj. [from meafes.] Scabbed with the, meafles.
Laft trotted forth the gentle fwine,
To eafe her againft the ftump,
And difmally was heard to whine.
Ail as fhe ferubb’d her meafy rump. Swift,
Me'asurable. adj,
1. ouch as may be meafured; fuch as may admit of computa¬
tion.
God's eternal duration is permanent and indiviftble, not
meafurable by time and motion, nor to be computed by num¬
ber of fucceflive moments. Bentley's Sermons.
2. Moderate ; in fmall quantity.
Me'asurableness. n.f. [from meafurable.] Quality of ad¬
mitting to be meafured.
Measurably, adv. [from meafurable.] Moderately.
Wine ineafurably drunk, and in feafon, bringeth gladnefs
of the heart. Bccluf. xxxi. 2$*
ME'ASURE. n.f. [;mefure, French ; menfura, Latin.]
1. That by which any thing is meafured.
A taylor’s news.
Who flood with {hears and meajure in his hand.
Standing on flippers, which his nimble hafte
Had falfely thruft upon contrary feet.
Told of many a thoufand. Shakefp, King John.
A concave meajure, of known and denominated capacity,
ferves to meafure the capacioufnefs of any other veflel. Holder.
All magnitudes are capable of being meafured; but it is
the application of one to another which makes acftual meaJures. Holder on Time,
When Moles fpeaks of mcafures, for example, of an ephah,
he preiumes they knew what meafure he meant: that he him-*
felf was {killed in weights and mcafures, arithmetick and geo¬
metry, there is no reafon to doubt. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. The rule by which any thing is adjufted or proportioned.
God’s goodnefs is the oneafure of his providence. . More,
I expedt, from thofe thatjudge by firft fight and ralh mea~
fares^ to be thought fond or infolent. Glanvilie’s Seep.
3. Proportion; quantity fettled.
Meafure is that which perfecteth all things, becaufe every
thing is for fome end; neither can that thing be available to
any end, which is not proportionable thereunto; and to pro¬
portion as well excefles as defedls are oppofite. Hooker,
I enter not into the particulars of the law of nature, or its
jneafures of punifhment; yet it is certain there is fuch a law.
Locke,
4. A ftated quantity: as, a meafure of wine.
Be large in mirth, anon we’ll drink a meafure
The table round. Shakefpeare's Macbeth,
5. Sufficient quantity.
I’ll never paufe again,
Till either death hath clos’d thefe eyes of mine.
Or fortune given me meafure of revenge. Shakefpearc,
6. Allotment; portion allotted.
Good Kent, how {hall I live aud work
To match thy goodnefs ? life will be too fhort,
And ev’ry meajure fail me. Shakefp. King Lear,
We will not boaft of things without our meajure, but ac¬
cording to the meafure of the rule which God hath diftributed to us, a meafure to reach even unto you. 2 Cor. x. 13.
If elfe thou feek’ft
Ought, not furpafling human meajure, fay. Milton,
Our religion fets before us not the example of a ftupid
ftoick, who had, by 'obftinate principles, hardened himfelf
againft all pain beyond the common mcafures of humanity,
but an example of a man like ourlelves. Tillotfon's Sermons,
7. Degree.
I have laid down, in fome meafure, the defeription of the
old world. Abbot's Dejcription of the World.
There is a great meafure of diferetion to be ufed in the per¬
formance of confdfion, fo that you neither omit it when your
10 G own
' M'E A
own heait may tell you that there is fomething amifs, nor
over-fcrupuloufly purfue it when you are not confcious to
yourfelf of notable failings. Taylor's Guide to a Penitent.
The rains were but preparatory in fame mcajure, and the
violence and confummation of the deluge depended upon the
difruption of the great abyfs. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
8. Proportionate time ; mufical time.
Amaryllis breathes thy fccrct pains,
And thy fond heart beats meafure to thy {trains. Prior.
9. Motion harmonically regulated.
My legs can keep no meafure in delight.
When my poor heart no meafure keeps in grief:
Therefore no dancing, girl, fome other fport. Shakefp.
As when the {tars in their aethereal race.
At length have roll’d around the liquid {pace.
From the fame point of heav’n their courfe advance.
And move in 7neafures of their former dance. Dryden.
10. A {lately dance. This fenfe is, I believe, obfolete.
Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is as a Scotch jig, a
meafure and a cinque pace; the firlt fuit is hot and hafty, like
a Scotch jig, and full as fantaftical; the wedding mannerly,
modeft as a meafure, full of Hate and anchentry. Shakefpeare.
Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths,
Our ftern alarms chang’d to merry meetings,
Our dreadful marches to delightful meafures. Shakefpeare.
11. Moderation; not excefs.
O love, be moderate, allay thy ecftafy ;
In meafure rein thy joy, fcant this excefs ;
I feel too much thy bleffing, make it lefs.
For fear I furfeit. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Hell hath enlarged herfelf, and opened her mouth without
meafure. hfa. vi. 14.
12. Limit; boundary. In the fame fenfe is
Mirpov
TpriV iricov JsxaJa? rptclJiag duo, /xsrpov tSwotv
*1ty./!spns Bloins pctvhts oilOquot.
*Apxxy-cti TKTonnu.
Lord, make me to know mine end, and the meafure of
my days what it is, that I may know how frail I am. Pfal.
13. Any thing adjufted.
He only lived according to nature, the other by ill cuftoms, and meafures taken by other mens eyes and tongues.
Taylor's holy living.
Chrift reveals to us the meafures according to which God
will proceed in dilpenfing his rewards. Smalridge's Sermons.
14. Syllables metrically numbered ; metre.
I addrefled them to a lady, and aftedted the foftnefs of expreffion, and the fmoothnefs of meafure, rather than the
height of thought. Dryden.
The numbers themfelves, though of the heroick meafure,
fhould be the fmootheft imaginable. Pops.
15. Tune; proportionate notes.
The joyous nymphs and light-foot fairies.
Which thither came to hear their mufick fweet,
And to the meafures of their melodies
Did learn to move their nimble-fhifting feet. Spenfer.
16. Mean of adtion ; mean to an end.
His majefty found what wrong meafures he had taken in
the conferring that truft, and lamented his error. Clarendon.
17. To have hard meafure ; to be hardly dealt by.
To MeAsure. v. a. [mefurer, French ; menfuro, Latin.]
1. To compute the quantity of any thing by fome fettled rule.
Archidamus having received from Philip, after the victory
of Cheronea, proud letters, writ back, that if he meafured
his own fhadow he would find it no longer than it was before
his victory. Bacon s Apophth.
2. To pafs through ; to judge of extent by marching over.
A true devoted pilgrim is not weary
To meafure kingdoms with his feeble fteps. Shakefpeare.
I’ll tell thee all my whole device
At the park-gate ; and therefore hafte away,
For we rnuft meajure twenty miles to-day. Shakefpeare.
The vefiel ploughs the fea.
And meafures back with fpeed her former way. Dryden.
3. To judge of quantity or extent, or greatnefs.
Great arc thy works, Jehovah ; infinite
Thy povv’r ! What thought can meafure thee, or tongue
Relate thee ? Milton's Par. Lojl, h. vii.
4. Toadjuft; to proportion.
To fecure a contented fpirit, meafure your defires by your
fortunes, not your fortunes by your defires. Taylor.
Silver is the inftruraent as well as meafure of commerce ;
and ’tis by the quantity of filver he gets for any commodity in
exchange that he meafures the value of the commodity he
fells. Locke.
5. To mark out in ftated quantities.
What thou feeft is that portion of eternity which is called
time, ttieafurcd out by the fun, and reaching from the begin¬
ning of the world to its confummation. Addifon s Spectator,
6. To allot or diftribute by meafure.
M E C
With what meafure you mete, it {hall be oneafured to you
asrain. Mattb. vii. 2.
Measureless, adj. [from meafure.] Immenfe; immeafureable. , r
He {hut up the meafurclefs content. Shakejpeare.
MeAsurement. n. f. [from tneafurej Menfuration; act of
meafuring.
MeAsurer. n.f [from meafure.~\ One that meafures.
MeAsuring. adj. [from meafure.] It is applied to a call not
to be diftinguifhed in its length from another but by mea¬
furing.
When lufty {hepherds throw
The bar by turns, and none the reft out-go
So far, but that the beft are meas'ring cafts.
Their emulation and their paftime lafts. Waller.
Meat, n.f [met, French.]
1. Flefh to be eaten.
To his father he fent ten fhe afles laden with corn, and
bread, and ;neat, for his father by the way. Gen. xlv. 23*
Carnivorse, and birds of prey, are no good meat; but the
reafon is, rather the cholerick nature of thofe birds than their
feeding upon flefh ; for pewets and ducks feed upon flefh, and
yet are good meat. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 859*
There was a multitude of excifes; as, the vediigal macelli,
a tax upon meat. Arbuthnot.
2. Food in general.
Never words were mufick to thine ear.
And never ?neat fweet-favour’d in thy tafte,
Unlefs I fpake or carv’d. Shakefp. Comedy of Errours.
Meats for the belly, and the belly {or meats; but God {hall
deftroy both. I Cor. vi. 13*
MeAted. adj. [from meat.] Fed; foddered.
Strong oxen and horfes, wel ftiod and wel clad,
Wei meated and ufed. Tuffers Hufb.
Meathe. n.f. [medd, Welfh, unde mede, meddwi ebrius*
fum.] Drink.
For drink the grape
She crufhes, inofFenfive muft, and meathes
From many a berry. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. v.
MeAzling. part, generally called mizzdmg. See Mizzle.
The air feels more moift when the water is in fmall than
in great drops; in meazling and foaking rain, than in great
fhowers. Arbuthnot on Air.
Mecha'nical. }adj. [mechanicus, Lat. mechanique, French y
Mecha'nick. j from junyeuvri.]
1. Mean; fervile; of mean occupation.
Know you not, being mechanical, you ought not walk upon
a labouring day, without the fign of your profeflion ? Shah.
Hang him, mechanical ialt-butter rogue; I Anil ftare him
out of his wits; I will hew him with my cudgel. Shakefp.
Mechanick flaves,
With greafy aprons, rules, and hammers, {hall
Uplift us to the view. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To make a god, a hero, or a king,
Defcend to a mechanick dialed!. Rofcojnmon.-
2. Conftrudted by the laws of mechanicks.
Many a fair precept in poetry is, like a feeming demonftration in mathematicks, very fpecious in the diagram, but
failing in the tnechanick operation. Dryden.
The main bufinefs of natural philofophy, is to argue from
phenomena without feigning hypothecs, and to deduce caufes
from effedts till we come to the very firft caufe, which cer¬
tainly is not jnechanical; and not only to unfold the mechanifm of the world, but chiefly to refolve thefe, and fuch like
queftions. Newton's Opticks.
3. Skilled in mechanicks.
Mecha'nick. n.f. A manufacturer; a low workman.
Do not bid me
Difmifs my foldiers, or capitulate
Again with Rome’s mechanicks. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
A third proves a very heavy philofopher, who pofiibly would
have made a good mechanick, and have done well enough at
the ufeful philofophy of the fpade or the anvil. South.
Mecha'nicks. n.f. [mechanica, Latin.]
Dr. Wallis defines mechanicks to be the geometry of mo¬
tion, a mathematical fcience, which {hews the effedts of
powers, or moving forces, fo far as they are applied to en¬
gines, and demonftrates the laws of motion. Harris.
The rudiments of geography, with fomething of mecha¬
nicks, may be eafily conveyed into the minds of acute young
perfons. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Salmoneus was a great proficient in mechanicks, and inven¬
tor of a vefiel which imitated thunder. Broome.
Meciia'nically. adv. [from mechanick.] According to the
laws of mechanifm.
They fuppofe even the common animals that are in being,
to have been formed mechanically among the reft. Ray.
Later philofophers feign hypothefes for explaining all things
mechanically, and refer other caufes to metaphyficks. Newton.
Me'CHa'nICALNESS,
I M E D
Mechanicalness. n, f. [from mechankk.]
1. Agreeablencfs to the laws of mechanifm.
2. Meannefs.
Mechanician. n.f [mcchanicien, French.] A man profeffing or ftudying the conftru£tion of machines.
Some were figured like male, others like female ferews,
as mechanicians fpeak. Boyle.
Mecha'nism. n.f tnechaniftie, French.]
1. Action according to mechanick laws.
After the chyle has parted through the lungs, nature con¬
tinues her ufual mechanifm, to convert it into animal lubftances. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
He acknowledges nothing befides matter and motion; fo
that all mult be performed either by mechanifm or accident,
either of which is wholly unaccountable. Bentley.
2. Conftruiftion of parts depending on each other in any com¬
plicated Fabrick.
Mecho'acan. n.f
Mechoacan is a large root, twelve or fourteen inches long,
and of the thicknefs of a man’s wrift, ufually divided into
two branches at the bottom : what we fee of it is commonly
cut tranfverfely into rtices for the conveniency of drying it:
its firlt introduction into Europe was about two hundred and
twenty years ago : it is brought from the province of Me¬
choacan in South America, from whence it has its name : the
plant which affords it is a fpecies of bindweed, and its ftalks,
which are angular, and full of a refinous milky juice, climb
upon every thing which ftands near them : the root in pow¬
der is a gentle and mild purgative. Hill's Mat. Med.
Meco'nium. n.f [juaxwvtov.]
1. Exprelfed juice of poppy.
2. The firft excrement of children.
Infants new-born have a meconium> or fort of dark-colour¬
ed excrement in the bowels. Arbuthnot cn Diet.
Me'dal. n. f. [medaille, Fr. probably from metallumy Lat.]
1. An ancient coin;
The Roman medals were their current money : when an
affion deferved to be recorded on a coin, it was ftampt, and
ilfued out of the mint. Addifon’s Guard. N°. 96.
2. A piece ftamped in honour of fome remarkable performance.
Meda'llick. n.f. [from medal.] Pertaining to medals.
You will never, with all your medallick eloquence, perfuade
Eugenius, that it is better to have a pocketful of Otho’s than
of Jacobus s. Addifon on ancient Medals.
MEDA'LLfoN. n.f. [medallion, Fr.] A large antique ftamp or
medal.
Medalions, in refpedt of the other coins, were the fame as
modem medals in refpeCt of modern money. Addifon.
Meda'llist. n.f. [medaillife, Fr.] A man fkilled or curious
in medals.
In the language of a medallift, you are not to look upon a
cabinet of medals as a treafure of money, but of knowledge.
_ Addifon on ancient Medals.
To Me ddle. v. tt. [,middelen, Dutch.]
1. To have to do : in this fenfe it is always followed by with.
It is reported that caffia, when gathered, is put into the
fkins of beafts newly flayed, which breeding worms, they
devour the pith and marrow, and fo make it hollow; but
meddle not with the back, becaufe it is bitter. Bacon.
With the power of it upon the fpirits of men we will only
meddle. Bacon’s Nat. Hif. N°. 945.
I have thus far been an uprightjudge, not meddling with
the defign nor difpofition. Dryden.
2. To interpofe; to adl in any thing.
For my part, I’ll not meddle nor make any farther. Shah.
In every turn of Hate, without meddling on either fide, he
has always been favourable to merit. Dryden.
The civil lawyers have pretended to determine concerning
the fucceflion of princes; but, by our author’s principles,
have meddled in a matter that belongs not to them. Locke.
What haft thou to do to meddle with the affairs of my fa¬
mily ? to difpofe of my eftate, old boy ? Arbuthnot.
3* To interpofe or intervene importunely or officioufly.
Why fhould’ft thou meddle to thy hurt. 2 Kings xiv. 10.
It is an honour for a man to ceafe from ftrife : but every
fool will be meddling. prov xx 7
This meddling prieft longs to be found a fool. Rowe
Let me fhake off th’ intrufive cares of day.
And lay the meddling fenfes all afide. Thomfon’s Winter
To Meddle, v. a. [from meJJer, Fr.] To mix: to mingle*
Obfolete.
A meddled ftate of the orders of the gofpel, and .the cere¬
monies of popery, is not the heft way to banifh popery.
Hooker, b. iv.
He that had well ycon’d his lere,
Thus medled his talk with many a tcare. Spenfer.
Me'ddler. n.f. [from meddle.] One who bufies hiinfelf with
things in which he has no concern.
Do not drive away fuch as bring thee information, as med¬
dlers, but accept of them in good part. Bacon.
I his may be applied to ,thofe that affume to themfelves
M E D
Ihe merits of other mens ferviccs, meddlers, boafler. „„ i
impertinents. I’P/}. “*‘a
adi- ritemieddling: *s, a mtcUkfimK’liify
f/ tFrenchS ^diajinnm, Latin,J Tt
fiinbriated body about which the guts are convolved
1 aif ,°f the, mTbranes which inveft the infide of the
breaft but may be the feat of this difeafe, the mediafune as
well as the pleura. Arbuthnot J 5
I o Me diate. v. n. [from medius, Latin.]
1. 1 o interpole as an equal friend to both parties ; to a£l in¬
differently between contending parties ; to intercede.
The corruption of manners in the world, we fhall find
owing to fome mediating fchemes that offer to comprehend the
different interefts of fin and religion i
2. To be between two. 6 RoC‘rsBy being crowded, they exclude all other bodies that before mediated between the parts of their body. n:,u
I o Mediate, v. a. 1 ^‘guy.
i. "Io form by mediation.
7he/ea,rl made,many Profeflions of his defire to interpofe
and mediate a good peace between the nations. ClarJndon
chemifts and corpufcularians of advantages by the
confederacy l am mediating between them. Jfof
T» hmit by fomething in the middle. ; ’
elevationo?:“**
by a Hep of the other foot a pace equal five'fee t.‘~
Me'diate. adj. [medial, French; medim, LatS’f’’"^
1. fnterpofed ; intervening. J
Soon the mediate clouds fhall be difpeU’d •
funl ftaH Poon be pace to face beheld. * p • _
2. Middle; between two extremes. *
Anxious we hover in a mediate ftate.
Betwixt infinity and nothing. p •
2. Adfing as a means. Urufual Prior.
MyotATEEV. adv [from mediate !lhcmi^ary’cathe^hi
thcriaft^effedfr^lomethinSa£ts between the firft caufe and
God worketh all things amongft us mediate!, by fecondary
means; the which means of our fafety being fhippin-r and
fea-forces, are to be efteemed as his gifts, and Sen®only
available and beneficial when he vouchfafeth his grace to ufe
t?naIlght' . . Raleigh’s Efays.
1S pr,cpaSated ^mediately by convening
infedfed perfons, and mediately by peftilent feminaries
propagated through the air. Harvey on Confumptions
Mediation, n.f [;mediation,, French, from medius, Lat.]
** lntnY°,!10n’ intervention; agency between two parties
pradtifed by a common friend. P 9
Some nobler token I have kept apart
For Livia and Odavia, to induce
Their StahJp, An, and Cleopatra.
Noble offices thou may ft effect: ^
Of mediation, after I am dead.
Between his greatnefs and thy other brethien. Shakefpeare.
I he king fought unto them to compofe thofe troubles be¬
tween him and his fubjecFs ; they accordingly interpofed their
mediation in a round and princely manner. Bacon
2. Agency ; an intervenient power.
The paffions have their refidence in fhe fenfitive appetite •
for in a (much as man is a compound of flefh as well as fpirit'
the foul, during its abode in the body, does all things by the
mediation o thefe paffions Sou%$ $
It is utterly unconceivable, that inanimate brute matter
without the mediation of fome immaterial beino-, fhould ope¬
rate upon other matter without mutual conta£i Bentlev
3. Interceffion ; entreaty for another. '’
MEDIATOR, n.f. [mediateur, French.]
1. One that intervenes between two parties.
Tiu had found by experience the trouble of all mens con¬
fluence, and for all matters to yourfelf, as a mediator between
them and their fovereign. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
2. An interceflor; an entreater for another; one who ufes his
influence in favour of another.
It is againft the fenfe of the law, to make faints or angels
to be mediators between God and them. Stillingfleet
3* One of the characters of our blefled Saviour.
Man’s friend, his mediator, his defign’d,
Both ranfom and redeemer voluntary M ’t
Mediatorial. Wy. [from mediator.] 'Belonging to a'meMediatory. J diator. & °
All other effcfts of Chrift’s mediatorial office are accounted
for from the truth of his rdurredion. Fiddes’s Serums
MdiatorTORSHIP' n'J' tfcdm mediator.] The office of a’mqMepia'trix. n.f [medius, Lat.] A female mediator. AinJ.
Me'dic.
MED
Me'dic. n.f.'[medico, Latin.] A plant.
I he medic hath a papilionaceous or buttterfly flower, out
of which empalement rifes the pointal, which afterward be¬
comes an intorted pod, fometimes like a ram’s horn, in whicli
arc lodged kidney-fhapcd feeds. Miller.
Me'dical. adj. [medicus, La*-.] Phyfical ; relating to the art
of healing; medicinal.
In this work attempts will exceed performances, it being
compofed by fnatches of time, as medical vacation would per¬
mit. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Me'dically. adv. [from medical.] Phyflcally; medicinally.
That which promoted this confideration, and medically ad¬
vanced the fame, was the dodtrine of Hippocrates. Browne.
Medicament, n.J. [;medicament, Fr. rnedicamentum, Latin.]
Any thing ufed in healing; generally topical applications.
Admonitions, fraternal or paternal, then more publick reprehenfions; and, upon the unfuccefsfulnefs of thefe milder
medicaments, the ufe of that ftronger phyfick, the cenlures.
Hammonds Fundamentals.
A cruel wound was cured by fealding medicaments, after it
was putrified; and the violent fwelling and bruife of another
was taken away by fealding it with milk. Temple’s Mifcel.
Medicame'ntal. adj. [medicamenteux, Fr. from medicament.]
Relating to medicine, internal or topical.
MedicameStally, n.f [from medicamental.] After the man¬
ner of medicine; with the power of medicine.
The fubflance of gold is invincible by the powerfulleft ac¬
tion of natural heat; and that not onlv alimentally in a fubftantial mutation, but alfo medicamentally in any corporeal
converfion. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
To Me'dicate. v. a. [medico, Lat.] To tindture or impreg¬
nate with any thing medicinal.
The fumes, fleams, and flenches of London, do fo medi¬
cate and impregnate the air about it, that it becomes capable
of little more. Graunt’s Bills of Mortality.
To this may be aferibed the great effedls of medicated wa¬
ters. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
She fecured the whitenefs of my hand by medicated gloves.
Rambler.
Medica'tion. n. f. [from medicate.]
1. The adf of tindturing or impregnating with medicinal ingre¬
dients.
The watering of the plant with an infuflon of the medi¬
cine may have more force than the reft, becaufe the medica¬
tion is oft renewed. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
2. The ufe of phyfick.
He advifeth to obferve the times of the equinoxes and folftices, and to declare medication ten days before and after.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
Medi'cinable. adj. [mcdicinalis, Lat.] Having the power of
phyfick.
Old oil is more clear and hot in medicinable ufe. Bacon.
Accept a bottle made of a ferpentine ftone, which gives
any wine infufed therein for four- and twenty hours the tafte
and operation of the Spaw water, and is very medicinable for
the cure of the fpleen. Wotton.
The jaw-bones, hearts, and galls of pikes are medicinable.
Walton’s Angler.
Medici'nAL. adj. \_medicinalis, Latin : this word is now com¬
monly pronounced medicinal, with the accent on the fecond
fyllable; but more properly, and more agreeably to the beft
authorities, medicinal.]
1. Having the power of healing ; having phyfical virtue.
Come with words as medicinal as true,
Honeft as either; to purge him of that humour
That prefles him from fleep. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Thoughts my tormentors arm’d with deadly flings.
Mangle my apprehenfive tendereft parts;
Exafperate, exulcerate and raife
Dire inflammation, which no cooling herb
Nor medicinal liquor can afluage. Milton’s Agonijles.
The fecond caufes took the fwift command.
The medicinal head, the ready hand ;
All but eternal doom was conquer’d by their art. Dryden.
2. Belonging to phyfick.
Learn’d he was in medicinal lore,
For by his fide a pouch he wore.
Replete with ftrange hermetick powder.
That wounds nine miles point-blank with folder. Butler.
Such arc called medicinal-days by fome writers, wherein no
crifis or change is expected, fo as to forbid the ufe of medi¬
cines : but it is moft properly ufed for thofe days wherein
purging, or any other evacuation, is more conveniently complied with. Quincy.
Medicinal-hours are thofe wherein it is fuppofed that medi¬
cines may be taken, commonly reckoned in the morning fad¬
ing, about an hour before dinner, about four hours after din¬
ner, and going to bed ; but times are to be governed by the
fymptoms and aggravation of the difteniper. Quinty.
MedjcTnally. adv. [from medicinal.} Phyflcally.
The witnefles that leech-like liv’d on blood.
Sucking for them were med'cinally good. Dryden.
Me'dic-JNE. n.f. [medicine, Fr.. medicina, Latin. It is geneMED
rally pronounced as if only of two fyllablcs, med’clne.] Fhyflek ; any remedy adminiftered by a phyfician.
O, my dear father ! reftauration, hang
Thy medicine on my lips j and let this kifs
Repair thofe violent harms. Shakefp. King Lear.
Let’s make us medicines of our great revenge,
To cure this deadly grief. Sakefpeare’s Macbeth.
A merry heart doth good like a medicine ; but a broken
fpirit drieth the bones. Prov. xvii. 22.
I wifh to die, yet dare not death endure;
Deteft the medicine, yet deflre the cure. Dryden.
To Me'dicine. v. a. [from the noun.] To operate as phyfick.
Not ufed.
Not all the drowfy fyrups of the world,
Shall ever medicine thee to that fweet fleep
Which thou owedft yefterday. Shakefpeare.
Medi'ety. n.f. [mediete, Fr. medietas, Lat.] Middle ftate;
participation of two extremes ; half.
They contained no fifhy compofure, but were made up of
man and bird ; the human mediety varioufly placed not only
above but below. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Medio'crity. n.f. [mediocrite, French; mediocritas, Lat.]
1. Small degree ; middle rate; middle ftate.
Men of age feldom drive bufinefc home tc the full period,
but content themfelves with a mediocrity of fuccefs. Bacon.
There appeared a fudden and marvellous converfion in the
duke’s cafe, from the moft exalted to the moft depreifed, as
if his expedition had been capable of no mediocrities. Wotton.
He likens the mediocrity of wit to one of a mean fortune,
who manages his ftore with great parftmony j but who, with
fear of running into profufenefs, never arrives to the magnifi¬
cence of living. Dryden’s State of Innocence.
Getting and improving our knowledge in fubftances only
by experience and hiftory, is all that the weaknefs of our
faculties in this ftate of mediocrity, while we are in this world,
can attain to. Locke.
2. Moderation ; temperance. Obfolete.
Left appetite, in the ufe of food, Ihould lead us beyond
that which is meet, we owe, in this cafe, obedience to that
law of reafon which teacheth mediocrity in meats and drinks.
Hooker, b. i.
When they urge us to extreme oppofition againft the
church of Rome, do they mean we Ihould be drawn unto it
only for a time, and afterwards return to a mediocrity. Hooker:
To Me'ditate. v. a. \tnediter, French; meditor, Lat.] To
plan; to fcheme; to contrive.
Blefled is the man that doth meditate good things in wifdom, and that reafoneth of holy things by his underftanding.
Eccluf xiv. 20.
Some affirmed that I meditated a war; God kr.ows, I did
not then think of war.
Like a lion that unheeded lay,
Diflembling fleep, and watchful to betray.
With inward rage he meditates his prey.
Before the memory of the flood was loft,
the fetting up a falfe religion at Babel.
2. To think on ; to revolve in the mind.
1 hem among
There fet a man of ripe and perfect age.
Who did them meditate all his life long.
To Me'ditate. v. n. To think ; to mule; to contemplate;
to dwell on with intenfe thought. It is commonly ufed of
pious contemplation.
His delight is in the law of the Lord, and in his law doth
he meditate night and day. Pfal. i. 2.
I will meditate alfo of all thy work, and talk of all thy
doi?f3-. . Pfal. Ixxvii. x 2.
Meditate till you make fome aft of piety upon the occafion
of what you meditate ; either get fome new arguments againft
a fin, or fome new encouragements to virtue. Taylor.
To worfhip God, to ftudy his will, to meditate upon him,
and to love him; all thefe being great pleafure and peace.
n, , _ „ Tillotfon s Sermons.
Meditation, n.f. [meditation, Fr. meditatio, Latin.]
1. Deep thought; clofe attention; contrivance; contemplation.
I left the meditations wherein I was, and fpake to her in
an|er' , 2 Efd. x. 5.
home thought and meditation are neceflary; and a man
may poffibly be fo. ftupid as not to have God in all his
thoughts, or to fay in his heart, there is none. Bentley.
2. I hought employed upon facred objeas.
His name was heavenly contemplation;
Of God and goodnefs was his meditation. Fairy Kh., b. i.
’Tis moft true.
That mufing meditation moft affeas
The penfive fecrefy of defert cell. Milton.
1 hy thoughts to nobler meditations give,
And ftudy how to die, not how to live. Granville.
3. A feries of thoughts, occafioned Ijy any objea or occurrence.
Meditative, adj: [from meditate.]
1. Addiaed to meditation. yj)n.
2. Exprcfling intention or defign,
Me'diterran.
King Charles.
men
Dryden.
meditated
S
Forbes.
Fairy Khteen.
MED
/NE. I
i'NEAN. ><ldj.
V'NEOUS. J
[medius and terra \ meditcrran'eefltx.]
Mediterr a'ne
Mediterra
Mediterra
i Encircled with land.
In all that part that lieth on the north fide of the mediterra„e fea, it is thought not to be the vulgar tongue. Brerewood.
2. Inland ; remote from the fea.
It is found in mountains and mediterraneans parts ; and fo
it is a fat and unCtuous fublimation of the earth. Brown.
We* have taken a lefs height of the mountains than is requifite, if we refpeCt the mediterraneans mountains, or thofe
that are at a great diftance from the fea. Burnet.
Me'diwm. n.f. [medium, Latin.J
1. Any thing intervening. ,
Whether any other liquors, being made mediums, caufe a
diverfity of found from water, it may be tried. Bacon.
I muft bring together
All thefe extremes ; and muft remove all mediums,
That each may be the other’s objeCt. _ Denham.
Seeing requires light and a free medium, and a right line to
the objedts; we can hear in the dark, immured, and by curve
lives. Holder.
He, who looks upon the foul through its outward a&ions,
often fees it through a deceitful medium, which is apt to difcolour the objeCt. Addifon s SpeX. N . 257.
The parts of bodies on which their colours depend, are
denfer than the medium which pervades their interftices. Newt.
Awainft filling the heavens with fluid mediums, unlefs they
be exceeding rare, a great obje&ion arifes from the regular
and very lafting motions of the planets and comets in all
manner of courles through the heavens. Newton s Opticks.
2. Any thing ufed in ratiocination, in order to a conclufion ;
’ the middle term in an argument, by which propofitions are
connedted. .
This cannot be anfwered by thofe mediums which have
been ufed. Dryden's Juvenal
We, whofe underftandings are fliort, are forced to colledt
one thino- from another, and in that procefs we feek out pro¬
per mediums. Baker's Reflexions on Learning.
3. The middle place or degree; the juft temperature between
extremes•
The juft medium of this cafe lies betwixt the pride and the
abjeCtion, the two extremes. L'EJlrange.
Me'dlar. n.f. [mefpilus, Latin.]
x.. A tree.
The leaves of the medlar are either whole, and lhaped like
thofe of the laurel, as in the manured forts; or laciniated,
as in the wild forts: the flower confifts of five leaves, which
expand in form of a rofe 1 the fruits are umbilicated, and are
not eatable till they decay; and have, for the raoft part, five
hard feeds in each. Miller,
i. The fruit of that tree.
You’ll be rotten ere you be half ripe.
And that’s the right virtue of the medlar. Shakefpeare.
Now will he fit under a medlar tree.
And wifh his miftrefs were that kind of fruit.
Which maids call medlars. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
I was fain to forfwear it; they would elfe have married me
to the rotten medlar. Shakefpeare.
October is drawn in a garment of yellow and carnation ;
with a bafket of fervices, medlars, and chefnuts. Peacham.
No rotten medlars, whilft there be
Whole orchards in virginity. Cleaveland.
Men have gather’d from the hawthorn’s branch
Large medlars, imitating regal crowns. Philips.
To Medle. 7 ^ To mingle. Spenfer.
To Medly. 5
Me'dly. n.f [from meddle for mingle.] A mixture ; a mifcellany; a mingled mafs. It is commonly ufed with fome de¬
gree of contempt.
Some imagined that the powder in the armory had taken
fire; others,"that troops of horfemen approached : in which
tnedly of conceits they bare down one upon another, and
joftled many into the tower ditch. Hayward.
Love is a medley of endearments, jars,
Sufpicions, quarrels, reconcilements, wars;
Then peace again. _ dVdljh.
They count their toilfome marches, long fatigues,
Unufual fallings, and will bear no more
This medley of philofophy and war. Addifon's Cato.
Mahomet began to knock down his fellow citizens, and
to fill all Arabia with an unnatural medley of religion and
bloodfhcd. , N°- 5°-
There are that a compounded fluid drain
From different mixtures: the blended ftreams,
Each mutually correcting each, create
A pleafurable medley. Philips.
Me'dley. adj. Mingled; confufed.
I’m ftrangely difeompos d ;
Qualms at my heart, convulfions in my nerves,
Within my little world make medley war. Dryden.
Medu'llar. \adj. [1medullaire, Fr. from medulla, Latin.]
Medu'llary. J Pertaining to the marrow.
M E E
Thefe little emiffaries, united together at the cortical part
of the brain, make the medullar part, being a bundle of very
finall, thread-like chanels or fibres. Cheyne’s Phil. Principles.
The back, for the fecurity of that medullary fubftance that
runs down its cavity, is bent after the manner of the catena¬
rian curve. Cheyne's Phil. Principles.
Meed. n.f. [meb, Saxon; miete, Teutonick.] Reward; recompence. Now rarely ufed.
He knows his meed, if he be fpide,
To be a thoufand deaths, and fhame belide. Hubberd.
Whether in beauties glory did exceed,
A rofy garland was the viclor’s meede. Fairy Afueen.
Thanks to men
Of noble minds is honourable meed. Shakefpeare.
He muft not float upon his wat’ry bier
Unwept, and welter to the parching wind,
Without the meed of fome melodious tear. Milton.
If fo a cloak and vefture be my meed
Till his return, no title fhall I plead. Pope's Odyffey.
2. Prefent; gift.
Plutus, the god of gold.
Is but his fteward : no meed but he repays
Seven-fold above itfelf. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Meek. adj. [minkr, Iflandick.] Mild of temper; not proud;
not rough ; not eafily provoked ; foft; gentle.
Mofes was very meek above all men. Numb. xii. 3.
But he her fears to ceafe,
Sent down the mcek-zy’d peace. Milton.
We ought to be very cautious and meekApirited, till we
are allured of the honefty of our anceftors. Collier.
To Me'eken. v. a. [from meek.] To make meek; to foften.
This word I have found no where elfe.
The glaring lion faw, his horrid heart
Was meeken'd, and he join’d his fullen joy. Tlcomfon.
Me'ekly. adv. [from meek.] Mildly; gently; not ruggedly;
not proudly.
Be therefore, O my dear lords, pacify’d.
And this mif-feeming difeord meekly lay afide. Fairy Aju.
No pride does with your rifing honours grow,
You meekly look on fuppliant crowds below. Stepney.
Me'ekness. n.f [from meek.] Gentlenefs ; mildnefs; foftnefs
of temper.
That pride and meeknefs mixt by equal part,
Po both appear t’ adorn her beauty’s grace. Hubberd.
You fign.your place and calling, in full feeming.
With meeknefs and humility ; but your heart
Is eramm’d with arrogancy, fpleen and pride. Shakefp.
When his late diftemper attack’d him, he fubmitted to it
with great meeknefs and refignation, as became a Chriftian.
Atterbury's Sermons.
Meer. adj. See Mere. Simple; unmixed.
Meer. n.f. [See Mere.] A lake; a boundary.
Me'ered. adj. Relating to a boundary ; meer being a boun¬
dary, or mark of divifioil. Hanmer.
What, although you fled ! why fhould he follow you ?
The itch of his affe&ion fhould not then
Have nickt his captainfhip; at fuch a point,
When half to half the world oppos’d, he being
The meered queftion. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Meet. adj. [of obfeure etymology.] Fit; proper; qualified*
Now rarely ufed.
Ah ! my dear love, why do you lleep thus long.
When meeter were that you- fhould now awake ? Spenfer.
If the eleClion of the minifter fhould be committed to
every parifh, would they chufe the meetefl. lidoitgift.
I am a tainted wether of the flock,
Meetefl for death.- - Shakejp. Merchant of Venice.
To be known fhortens my laid intent,
My boon I make it, that you know me not,
Till time and I think meet. Shakefp. King Lear»
What, at any time have you heard her fay ?
—That, Sir, which I will not report after her.
—You may to me, and ’tis moft meet you fhould. Shak.
York is meetefl man
To be your regent in the realm of France. Shakefpeare.
I am in your hand ; do with me as feemeth good and meet
unto you. 1 Jer- xxvi* 14*
The eye is very proper and meet for feeing. Bentley.
2. Meet with. Even with, [from meet, the verb.] A low
expreffion.
Niece, you tax Signior Benedick too much; but he’ll be
meet zuitb you. Shakefpeare.
To Meet. v. a. pret. 1 met-, I have met; particip. met. [metan, Saxon, to find ; moeten, Dutch.]
1. To come face to face; to encounter.
Metfl thou my pofts ? Shakefpeare:
His daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and
dances. • Judges xi. 34.
Ahimelech was afraid at the meeting of David. 1 Sam. xxi.
2. To join another in the fame place.
When fhall we three meet again.
In thunder, light’ning, or in rain ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
Well, fend him word to meet us in the field. Shakefp.
16 H I knew
3
1
MEL MEL
3-
I knew not, till I met
My friends, at Ceres’ now deferted feat. Drydett.
Not look back to fee,
When what we love we never mud: meet again. Dryden.
To clofe one with another.
1 he nearer you come to the end of the lake, the moun¬
tains on each fide grow higher, till at laft they meet. Addifon.
4- 1® find ; to be treated with ; to light on.
Kad I a hundred mouths, a hundred tongues,
I could not half thofe horrid crimes repeat.
Nor half the punifhments thofe crimes have met. Dryden.
Of vice or virtue, whether bleft or curft.
Which meets contempt, or which compafiion firft. Pope.
To me no greater joy.
Than that your labours meet a profp’rous end. Granville.
5.To alfemble from different parts.
Their choice nobility and flower
Met from all parts to folemnize this feaft. Milton.
To Meet. v. n.
1. To encounter; to clofe face to face.
2. To encounter in hoftility.
3. I o affemble; to come together.
They appointed a day to meet in together. 2 Mac. xiv. 21.
The materials of that building happily met together, and
very fortunately ranged themfelves into that delicate order,
that it muft be a very great chance that parts them. Tillotfon.
4. To Meet with. To light on ; to find.
When he cometh to experience of fervice abroad, he maketh
as worthy a foldier as any nation he meeteth with. Spenfer.
We met with many things worthy of obfervation. Bacon.
A little fum you mourn, while moft have met
With twice the lofs, and by as vile a cheat. Creech.
Hercules’ meeting with pleafure and virtue, was invented by
Prodicus, who lived before Socrates. Addifon.
What a majefty and force does one ?neetwith in thefe fhort
inferiptions : are not you amazed to fee fo much hiftory ga¬
thered into fo fmall a compafs ? Addifon on ancient Medals.
5. To Meet with. To join.
FalftafF at that oak fhall meet with us. Shakefpeare.
6. To Meet with. To encounter; to engage.
He, that hath buffered this difordered fpring.
Hath now himfelf met with the fall of leaf. Shakefpeare.
Royal miftrefs.
Prepare to meet with more than brutal fury
From the fierce prince. Rowe's Ambitious Step-mother.
7. A latinifm. To obviate; occurrere objeCio.
Before I proceed farther, it is good to meet with an objec¬
tion, which if not removed, the conclufion of experience
from the time paft to the prefent will not be found. Bacon.
8. To advance half way.
He yields himfelf to the man of bufinefs with reludfancy,
but offers himfelf to the vifits of a friend with facility, and
all the meeting readinefs of defire. South.
Our meeting hearts
Confented foon, and marriage made us one. Rowe.
9. To unite; to join : as, thefe rivers meet at fuch a place and
join.
Me'eters. n.f. [from meet.] One that accofts another.
There are befide
Lafcivious meeters, to whofe venom’d found
The open ear of youth doth always liften. Shakefpeare.
Meeting, n.f [from.meet.]
1. An affembly ; a convention.
If the fathers and hufbands of thofe, whofe relief this
your meeting intends, were of the houfhold of faith, th.en
their relidts and children ought not to be ftrangers to the
good that is done in it, if they want it. Sprat's Sermons.
Since the ladies have been left out of all meetings except
parties at play, our converfation hath degenerated. Swift.
2. A congrefs.
Let’s be revenged on him; let’s appoint him a meeting,
and lead him on with a fine baited delay. Shakefpeare.
3. A conventicle ; an affembly of Diffenters.
4. A conflux : as, the meeting of two rivers.
.Meeting-hquse. n.f [meeting and houfe.] Place where Dif¬
fenters alfemble to worfhip.
His heart mifgave him that the churches were fo many
meeting-houfes; but I foon made him eafy, Addifon.
Me'etly. [from the adjedfive.] Fitly; properly.
Me'etness. n.f. [from meet.] Fitnefs; propriety.
Me'grim. n.f. [from Hemicrany, migrain, megrim, 'Jwiapa1nod. ] Diforder of the head.
In every megrim or vertigo there is an obtenebration joined
with a femblance of turning round. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
1 here fereen’d in fhades from day’s detefted glare,
Spleen fighs for ever on her penfive bed,
Pain at her fide, and megrim at her head. Pope.
To Meine. v. a. To mingle. Ainf.
Me'iny. n.f [memju, Saxon. See Many. Mefnie, Fr.]
A retinue; domeftick fervants.
They fummon’d up their meiny; ftrait took horfe ;
Commanded me to follow, and attend. Shakefpeare.
Melanago'gues. n.f. [from fj.iXa.vo; and olyu.] Such medi¬
cines as are fuppofed particularly to purge oft black choler.
Melancho'lick. aclj. [from melancholy.] Difordered with
melancholy ; fanciful; hypochondriacal; gloomy.
The king found himfelf in the head of his army, after fo
many accidents and mclancholick perplexities. Clarendon.
If he be mad, or angry, or melancholick, or fprightly, he
Will paint whatfoever is proportionable to any one. Dryden.
The commentators on old AriStotle, ’tis urg’d, in judgment vary : •
They to their own conceits have brought
The image of his general thought:
Juft as the melancholick eye
Sees fleets and armies in the fky. Prior.
MELANCHO'LY. n.f. [melancolie, Fr. from fj.zXa.vg zud^oXf]
1. A difeafe, fuppofed to proceed from a redundance of black
bile; but it is better known to arife from too heavy and too
vifeid blood : its cure is in evacuation, nervous medicines,
and powerful ftimuli. Quincy.
2. A kindnefs of madnefs, in which the mind is always fixed
on one objedh
I have neither the fcholar’s melancholy, which is emulation ;
nor the mufician’s, which is fantaftical; nor the courtier’s,
which is proud ; nor the foldier’s, which is ambitious ; nor
the lawyer’s, which is politick; nor the lady’s, which is
nice ; nor the lover’s, which is all thefe ; but it is a melan¬
choly of mine own, compounded of many fimples, extracted
from many objects, and, indeed, the fundry contemplation
of my travels, in which my often rumination wraps me in a
moft humorous fadnefs. Sbakefp. As you like it.
3. A gloomy, penfive, difeontented temper.
He protefted unto them, that he had only been to feek folitary places by an extreme melancholy that had poflefled him.
Sidney, b. ii.
All thefe gifts come from him ; and if we murmur here,
we may at the next melancholy be troubled that God did not
make us angels. Taylor's holy Living.
This melancholy flatters, but unmans you ;
What is it elfe but penury of foul,
A lazy froft, a numbnefs of the mind ? Dryden.
Melancho'ly. adj. [melancolique, French.J
1. Gloomy; difmal.
Think of all our miferies
But as fome melancholy dream, which has awak’d us
To the renewing of our joys. Denham's Sophy.
If in the melancholy fhades below,
The flames of friends and lovers ceafe to glow j
Yet mine fhall facred laft, mine undecay’d,
Burn on through death, and animate my fhade. Pope.
2. Difeafed with melancholy; fanciful; habitually deje&ed.
How now, fweet Frank; art thou melancholy. Shakefp.
He obferves Lamech more melancholy than ufual, and ima¬
gines it to be from a fufpicion he has of his wife Adah,
whom he loved. Locke.
MELICE'RIS. n.f. [fj.sXi}cr>fig.]
Meliceris is a tumour inclofed in a cyftis, and confifting of
mattei like honey , it gathers without pain, and gives way
to pieflure, but returns again. If the matter forming it
refembles milk curds, the tumour is called atheroma ; if like
honey, meliceris; and if compofed of fat, or a fuety fubftance, fteatomata. Sharp's Surgery.
Me'lilot. n. f. [meliloty Fr. melilotus, Latin.] A plant. °
The melilot hath a papilionaceous flower, out of whofe
empalement arifes the pointal, which afterward becomes a
naked capfule, that is, not hid in the empalement, as in tre¬
foil, pregnant with one or two roundifh feeds : the leaves
grow by threes on the foot-ftalks, and the flowers are pro¬
duced in a fpilce. Miller
To Meli'orate. v. a. [meliorer, Fr. from melior.] To bet¬
ter ; to improve.
Grafting meliorates the fruit; for that the nourifhment is
better prepared in the ftock than in the crude earth. Bacon.
But when we graft, or buds inoculate.
Nature by art we nobly meliorate. Denham
A man ought by no means to think, that he fhould be able
fo much as to alter or meliorate the humour of an ungrateful
perfon by any adts of kindnefs. South's Sermons.
Caftration ferves to meliorate the flefh of thofe beafts that
fuffer . Graunt.
Much labour is requir’d in trees.
Well mud the ground be digg’d, and better drefs’d.
New foil to make, and meliorate the reft. Dryden's Virg.
Melioration, n.f. [,melioration, Fr. from meliorate.] Im¬
provement ; adf of bettering.
I or the melioration of mufick there is yet much left, in
this point of exquifite contorts, to try. Bacon.
Melio'rity. n.J. [from melior.] State of being better.
Men incline unto them which are fofteft, and leaft in their
way, in defpight of them that hold them hardeft to it; fo that
this colour of meliority and pre-eminence is a fien of weak¬
ness. Bacon s Collection of Good and Evil
The
MEL M E L
The order and beauty of the inanimate parts of the world,
the difcernable ends of them, the meliority above what was
neceflary to be, do evince, by a reflex argument, that it is
the workmanship not of blind mechanifm, but of an intelli¬
gent and benign agent. Bentley.
To Meu. v.n. [meler, fe meler, Fr.] To mix; to meddle*
Oblolete.
With fathers fits not with fuch things to mcll. Spenfer.
Herfc is a great deal of good matter
Loft for lack of telling .
Now I fee thou doft but clatter.
Harm may come of melling. Spenfer’s Pajlorah.
Melli'ferous. adj. Productive of honey. Ditt.
Mellifica'tion. n.f. [;mellifico, Latin.] The art or practice
of making honey; production of honey.
In judging of the conftitution of the air, many things befides the weather ought to be obferved : in fome countries,
the filence of grafhoppers, and want of mellifcation in bees.
Arbuthnot on Air.
Mellifluence, n.f [mel zndfuo, Latin.] A honied flow;
a flow of fweetnefs.
Mellifluent. 1 adj. [mel and fluo, Latin.] Flowing with
Mellifluous. J honey; flowing with fweetnefs.
A mellifnous voice', as I am a true knight. Shakefpeare.
As all thofe things which are moft mellfuous are fooneft
changed into choler and bitternefs, fo are our vanities and
pleafures converted into the bittereft forrows and repentances.
Raleigh’s Hijl. of the World.
Innumerous fongfters, in the frefhening fhade
Of new-fprung leaves, their modulations mix
Mellifuous. Thomfon s Springs l. 605.
Me'llow. adj. [meappa, foft, Saxon, Skinner: more nearly
from mollis, jnolle, mallow, mellow ; though r is indeed eafily
changed into / in Common fpeech.]
I.Soft with ripenefs ; full ripe.
A ftorm, or robbery, call it what you will.
Shook down my mellow hangings, nay, my leaves. Shak.
An apple in my hand works different effedts upon my
fenfes: my eye tells me it is green; my nofe, that it hath a
mellow feent; and my tafte, that it is fweet.
A little longer,
And nature drops him down without your fin.
Like mellow fruit, without a winter ftorm.
’2. Soft in found.
Of feven fmooth joints a mellow pipe I have,
Which with his dying breath Damaetas gave.
3. Soft; uneftuous.
Camomile fheweth mellow grounds fit for wheat.
4. Drunk; melted down with drink.
Greedy of phyficians frequent fees.
From female mellow praife he takes degrees. Rofcommon.
In all thy humours, whether grave or mellow,
Thou’rt fuch a tefty, touchy, pleafant fellow;
Haft fo much wit, and mirth, and fpleen about thee,
There is no living with thee, nor without thee. Addifon.
To Me'llow. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To ripen ; to mature ; to foften by ripenefs ; to ripen by age.
Lord Aubrey Vere
Was done to death, and more than fo, my father ;
Even in the downfal of his mellow’d years. Shakefpeare.
The royal tree hath left us royal fruit,
Which mellow’d by the ftealing hours of time,
Will well become the feat of majefty. Shakefp. Rich. III.
On foreign mountains may {Jre fun refine
The grape’s foft juice, and mellow it to wine. Addifon.
2. To foften.
They plow in the wheat ftubble in December; and if the
weather prove frofty to mellow it, they do not plow it again
till April. Mortimer’s Hufb.
3. To mature to perfection.
This epifode is not only now the moft pleafing entertain¬
ment of the ./Eneis, but was fo accounted in his own age,
and before it was mellowed into that reputation which time
has given it. Dryden.
To Me'llow. v. n. To be matured; to ripen.
Though no ftone tell thee what I was, yet thou
In my grave’s infide fee’ft, what thou art now;
Yet thou’rt not yet fo good, till us death lay
To ripe and jnellow there, we’re ftubborn clay. Donne.
Me'i.lowness, n.f. [from mellow.']
1. Maturity of fruits ; ripenefs ; foftnefs by maturity.
My reafon can confider greennefs, mellownefs, fweetnefs,
or coldnefs, fingly, and without relation to any other quality
that is painted in me by the fame apple. Digby ofBodies.
The Spring, like youth, frefh bloffoms doth produce,
But Autumn makes them ripe, and fit for ufe ;
So age a mature mellownefs doth fet
On the green promifes of youthful heat. Denham.
2. Maturity ; full age.
Meloco'ton. n. f. \melocottne, Spanifh; malum cotoneum,
Latin.] A quince. Obfolete.
In apricots, peaches, or melocotones upon a wall, the greateft
Digby.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Bacon.
fruits are towards the bottom. Bacotts
Melo'dious. adj. [from rnelody.] Mufical; harmonious.
Fountains ! and ye that warble, as ye flow,
Melodious murmurs ! warbling tune his praife. Milton-.
And oft with holy hymns he charm’d their ears ;
A mufick more melodious than the fpheres. Dryderit
Melodiously, adv. [from melodious.] Mufically; harmonioufly.
Melo'diousness. n.f. [from melodious.] Harmonioufnefs;
muficalnefs.
ME'LODY. n.f. [fj.cXu^a..] Mufick; harmony of found.
The prophet David having Angular knowledge hot in poe¬
try alone but in mufick alfo, judged them both to be things
moft neceflary for the houfe of God, left behind him for that
purpofe a number of divinely indited poems, and was farther
the author of adding unto poetry melody in publick prayer*
melody both vocal and inftrumental, for the railing up of
mens hearts, and the fweetening of their affedtions towards
God. Hooker, b. v»
Singing and making melody in your hearts to the Lord.
Epb. v. 19*
Why rather, fleep, lieft thou in fmoky cribs.
And hufht with buzzing night flies to thy Humber;
T han in the perfum’d chambers of the great.
And lull’d with founds of fweeteft melody. Shakefpeare.
Lend me your fongs, ye nightingales : Oh pour
The mazy-running foul of melody
Into my varied verfe. Thomfon’s Springs l. 570.
Me'lon. n.f [melon,, Fr. melo, Latin.]
1. A plant.
The flower of the melon confifts of one leaf, which is of
the expanded bell fhape, cut into feveral fegments, and ex¬
actly like thofe of the cucumber: fome of thefe flowers are
barren, not adhering to the embrio ; others are fruitful, grow¬
ing upon the embrio, which is afterwards changed into a
fruit, for the moft part of an oval fhape, fmooth or wrinkled*
and divided into three feminal apartments, which feem to be
cut into two parts, and contain many oblong feeds. Miller*
2. The fruit.
We remember the fifh which we did eat in Egypt freely ;
the cucumbers and the melons. Num. xi. 5.
Melon-thi'stle. n.f. [melocoflus, Latin.]
The whole plant of the melon-thijlle hath a Angular ap¬
pearance, is very fucculent, and hath many angles, which are
befet with fharp thorns. Miller*
To Melt. v. a. [mylran, Saxon.]
1. To diflolve ; to make liquid; commonly by heat.
How they would melt me out of my fat drop by drop, and
liquor fifhermens boots with me ! Shakefpeare*
When the melting fire burneth, the fire caufeth the waters
to boil. . Jfa. Ixiv. 2.
This price, which is given above the value cf the filver in
our coin, is given only to preferve our coin from being melt¬
ed doyvn. Locket
Will a goldfmith give one ounce and a quarter of coined
filver for one ounce of bullion, when, by putting it into his
meltim pot, he can make it bullion ? Locke*.
The rock’s high fummit in the temple’s fhade,
Nor heat could melt, nor beating ftorm invade. Pope*
If your butter when melted taftes of brafs, it is your mafter’s fault, who will not allow you a filver faucepan. Swift.
2. do diflolve ; to break in pieces.
To take in pieces this frame of nature, and melt it down
into its firft pfinciples; and then to obferve how the divine
wifdom wrought all thefe things into that beautiful compofition ; is a kind of joy, which pierceth the mind. Burnet*
3. To foften to love or tendernefs.
The mighty matter fmil’d to fee
That love was in the next degree;
’Twas but a kindred found to move.
For pity melts the mind to love. Dryd.
Alas ! thy ftory melts away my foul.
4. To wafte away.
Thou would’ft have plung’d thyfelf
In general riot, melted down thy youth
In different beds of luft. t Shakefp. Timon ofAthens*
To Melt. v. n.
1. To become liquid ; to diflolve; to be made fluid.
Let them melt away as Waters which run continually. Pfal,
The rofe is fragrant, but it fades in time;
The violet fweet, but quickly paft the prime ;
While lilies hang their heads and foon decay,
And whiter fnow in minutes melts away, Dryden.
2. To be foftened to pity, or any gentle paflion; to grow ten¬
der, mild, or gentle.
Alexander’s Feafl.
Addifon’s Cato.
I melt, and am not
Of ftronger earth than others. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
Dighton and Forreft;
Albeit, they were flefht villains, bloody dogs,
Melting with tendernefs and mild compaflion,
Wept Hke two children in their death’s fad ftory. Shakefp.
I his laid ; the mov’d afliftants melt in tears. Dryden.
Melting
3
MEM
belting into tears, the pious man
Deplor’d fo fad a fight. Dryden.
3f 1 ° be diffolved ; to lofe fubftance.
Whether are they vanifh’d ?
Into the air : and what Teem’d corporal
Melted as breath into the wind. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
Beauty is a witch,
Againft whole charms faith melteth into blood. Shakefp.
4- To be fubdued by affliction.
My foul melteth for heavinefs : ftrengthen thou me. Pfal.
Me'lter. n. j. [from melt.] One that melts metals.
Mifo and Mopfa, like a couple of forefwat melters, were
getting the pure filver of their bodies out of the ore of their
garments. Sidney, b. ii.
This the author attributes to the remiffnefs of the former
melters, in not exhaufting the ore. Derham s Phyfico-Pheol.
Me'ltingly. adv. [from melting.'] Like fomething melting.
Zelmane lay upon a bank, with her face fo bent over Ladon, that her tears falling into the water, one might have
thought fhe began meltingly to be metamorphofed to the run¬
ning river. Sidney, b. ii.
Me'lwel. n.f. A kind of fifh. A'tnf.
Me'mber. n.f [;membre, French; membrum, Latin.]
1. A limb ; a part appendant to the body.
T he tongue is a little member, and boafteth great things.
"Jam. iii. 5.
2. A part of a difcourfe or period ; a head ; a claufe.
Where the refpondent limits or diftinguifhes any propofition, the opponent muft prove his own proportion accord¬
ing to that member of the diftinCtion in which the refpondent
denied it. JVatts’s Improvement of the Mind.
3. Any part of an integral.
In poetry as in architecture, not only the whole but the
principal members, and every part of them, Ihould be great.
Addifons Spelt. N . 267.
4. One of a community.
My going to demand juftice upon the five members, my
enemies loaded with obloquies. King Charles.
Mean as I am, yet have the Mufes made
Me free, a member of the tuneful trade. Dryden.
Sienna is adorned with many towers of brick, which, in
the time of the commonwealth, were ereCted to fuch of the
members as had done any confiderable fervice to their country.
Addifon on Italy,
Me'mbrANE. n.f. [membrane, Fr. membrana, Latin.]
A membrane is a web of feveral forts of fibres, interwoven
together for the covering and wrapping up fome parts: the
fibres of the membranes give them an elafticity, whereby they
can contrad:, and clofely grafp, the parts they contain, and
their nervous fibres give them an exquifite fenfe, which is
the caufe of their contraction ; they can, therefore, fcarcely
fuller the fharpnefs of medicines, and are difficultly united
when wounded. Quincy.
The chorion, a thick membrane obfeuring the formation,
the dam doth after tear afunder. Browns Vulgar Errours.
7 hey obftacle find none
Of membrane, joint, or limb, exclufive bars :
Fafier than air with air, if fpirits embrace.
Total they mix.
The inner membrane that involved the feveral
the egg remained unbroken.
Membranaceous. ) rmemiraneux Er. from membrana.
Membraneous. V Lat.] Confiding of membranes.
Milton.
liquors of
Boyle.
[embra'neous.
Me'mbranous.
Lute-firings, which are made of the membraneous parts of
the guts ftrongly wreathed, fwell fo much as to break in wet
weather. Boyle.
Great conceits are raifed of the involution or me?nbranous
covering called the filly-how. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Such birds as are carnivorous have no gizzard, or mufeulous, but a membranous ftomach; that kind of food being torn
into fmall flakes by the beak, may be eafily concoCted by a
membranous ftomach. Ray on Creation.
Anodyne fubfiances, which take off contractions of the
membranous parts, are diuretick. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Birds of prey have membranaceous, not mufcular ftomachs.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
MEME'NTO. n.f. [Latin.] A memorial notice; a hint to
awaken the memory.
Our gracious mafter, for his learning and piety, is not
only a precedent to his own fubjeCts, but to foreign princes;
yet he is ftill but a man, and feafonable memento’s may be
ufeful. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
Is not the frequent fpeCtacle of other peoples deaths a me-
?nento fufficient to make you think of your own ? L’Ejlrange.
Memo'ir. n.f. [memoire, French.]
1. An account of tranla.Ctions familiarly written.
Be our great mafter’s future charge
To write his own memoirs, and leave his heirs
High fchemes of government and plans of wars. Prior.
2. Hint; notice; account of any thing.
M E M
There is not in any author a computation of the revenues
of the Roman empire, and hardly any memoirs from whence
it might be colle&ed. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Me'morable. adj. [memorable, Fr. memorabtlis, Lat.j Wor¬
thy of memory ; not to be forgotten.
Nothing I fo much delight to recount, as the memorable
friendfhip that grew betwixt the two princes. Sidney.
From this defire, that main defire proceeds,
Which all men have furviving fame to gain.
By tombs, by books, by memorable deeds.
For file that this defires doth ftill remain. Davies.
Dares Ulvftes for the prize contend,
In fight of what he durft not once defend;
But bafely fled that memorable day,
When I from Hector’s hands redeem’d the flaming prey.
Dryden s Ovid.
Me'morably. adv. [from memorable.] In a manner worthy of
memory.
MEMORANDUM, n. f. [Latin.] A note to help the me^
mory.
I refolved to new pave every ftreet within the liberties, and
entered a memorandum in my pocket-book accordingly.
Guardian, N°. 166.
Nature’s fair table-book, our tender fouls.
We fcrawl all o’er with old and empty rules,
Stale memorandums of the fchools. Swift’s Mifcel.
Memo'rial. adj. [memorial, Fr. memorialise Latin.]
1. Prefervative of memory.
Thy mafter now lies thinking in his bed
Of thee and me, and fighs, and takes my glove.
And gives ?nemorial dainty kifles to it. Shakefpeane.
May I, at the conclufion of a work, which is a kind of
monument of Pope’s partiality to me, place the following
lines as an infeription meonorial of it. Brooone.
The tomb with manly arms and trophies raife;
There high in air memorial of my name
Fix the fmooth oar, and bid me live to fame. Pope.
2. Contained in memory.
The cafe is the fame with the memorial poffeffions of the
greatefl: part of mankind: a few ufeful things mixed with
many trifles fill up their memories. IVhtts.
Memo'rial. n.f.
1. A monument; fomething to preferve memory.
All churches have had their names; fome as memorials of
peace, fome of wifdom, fome in memory of the trinity itfelf,
fome of Chrift under fundry titles; of the bleffed Virgin not
a few ; many of one apoftle, faint, or martyr; many of all.
Hooker.
A memorial unto Ifrael, that no ftranger offer incenfe be¬
fore the Lord. Num. xvi. 43.
All the laws of this kingdom have fome monuments or
mconorials thereof in writing, yet all of them have not their
original in writing; for fome of thofe laws have obtained
their force by immemorial ufage. Hale.
In other parts like deeds deferv’d
Memorial, where the might of Gabriel fought. Milton.
Reflect upon a clear, unblotted, acquitting confidence, and
feed upon the ineffable comforts of the memorial of a con¬
quered temptation. South's Sermons.
Medals are fo many monuments configned over to eterni¬
ty, that may laft when all other memorials of the fame age
are worn out or loft. Addifon on ancient Medals.
2. Hint to affift the memory.
He was a prince fad, ferious, and full of thoughts and fecret obfervations, and full of notes and memorials of his own
hand touching perfons. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Memorials written with king Edward’s hand Ihall be the
ground of this hiftory. Hayward.
Memorialist, n.f. [from memorial.] One who writes me¬
morials.
I muft not omit a memorial fetting forth, that the memorialifl had, with great difpatch, carried a letter from a cer¬
tain lord to a certain lord. Spectator, N°. 629.
Memori'ze. v. a. [from memory.] To record'; to commit to
memory by writing.
They negleCt to meonorize their conquefl: of the Indians,
efpecially in thofe times in which the fame was fuppofed.
Spenfer on Ireland.
Let their names that were bravely loft be rather memo¬
rized in the full table of time; for my part, I love no ambi¬
tious pains in an eloquent defeription of miferies. IVotton.
MEMORY, n.f [memoire, Fr. memoria, Latin.]
1. I he power of retaining or recollecting things pafl:; reten¬
tion ; reminifcence; recollection.
Memory is the power to revive again in our minds thofe
ideas which after imprinting have dil'appeared, or have been
laid afide out of fight. Locke.
The memory is perpetually looking back, when we have no¬
thing prefent to entertain us ; it is like thofe repofitories in
animals that are filled with ftores of food, on which they may
ruminate, when their prefent pafture fails. Addifon s Spectator.
2. Exemption
Shakefp. Henry VI.
M E N
2. Exemption from oblivion.
That ever-living man of memory,
Henry the Fifth !
3. Time of knowledge.
Thy requeft think now fulfill’d, that afk’d
How firft this world, and face of things, began,
And what, before thy memory, was done. ° Milton.
4. Memorial; monumental record.
Be better fuited;
Thefe weeds arc memories of thofe worfer hours :
I pi’ythee put them off. Shake/p. King Lear.
A fwan in memory of Cycnus fhines ;
The mourning fillers weep in wat’ry ligns. AddiJ'on.
5. Reflection ; attention. Not in ufe.
\\ hen Duncan is afleep, his two chamberlains
Will I with wine and waflel fo convince,
That memoty, the warder of the brain,
Shall be a fume. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
Men, the plural of man.
Wits live oblcurely men know not how ; or die obfeurely
men mark not when. Afcham.
For men, there are to be confidered the valour and num¬
ber : the old obfervation is not untrue, that the Spaniards va¬
lour lieth in the eye of the looker-on; but the Englifh va¬
lour heth about the foldiers heart. Bacon's IVar with Spain.
He thought fit that the king’s affairs fhould entirely be con¬
ducted by the foldiers and men of war. Clarendon, b. viii.
Men-fle aser. n.f. [men and pleafer.] One too careful to
pleafe others.
Servants be obedient to them that are your mafters : not
with eye-fervice, as men-pleaj'ers ; but as the fervants of Chrifl,
doing the will of God from the heart. Eph. vi. b.
To Me'nace. v. a. [menacer, Fr.] To threaten; to threat.
Who ever knew the heavens menace fo ? Shakefpeare.
Your eyes do menace me: why look you pale ?
Who lent you hither ? Shakefpeare's Richard III.
My matter knows not but I am gone hence,
And fearfully did menace me with death.
If I did flay to look on his intents. Shakefpeare.
From this league
Peep'd harms that menac'd him. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
What fhou d he do ? Twas death to go away,
And the god menac'd if he dar’d to flay. Dryden's Fables.
Me'nace. n.f. [menace, Fr. from the verb.] Threat.
He that would not believe the menace of God at firfl, it
may be doubted whether, before an ocular example, he be¬
lieved the curfe at lull. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
The Trojans view the dufly cloud from far,
And the dark menace of the diflant war. Dryden's /Ends.
Me'naceR. n.f. [menaceur, Fr. from menace.] A threatener •
one that threats. 3 4 5
Hence menacer! nor tempt me into rage:
This roof proteds thy rafhnefs. But begone ! Philips.
MENA’GE. n.f. [French.] A colledion of animals.
I faw here the largefl menage that I met with any-where.
AddiJ'on on Italy.
Me nagogue. n. f. [pnvzg and ccyu.] A medicine that pro¬
motes the flux of the menfes.
To Mend. v. a. [emendo, Latin.]
1. To repair from breach or decay.
They gave the money to the workmen to repair and mend
the houfe. 2 Chron. xxxiv. 10.
2. To correct; to alter for the better.
The belt fervice they could do to the flate, was to mend
the lives and manners of the perfons who compofed it.
Temple's Mifcel.
You need not defpair, by the aMance of his growing
reafon, to mailer his timoroufnefs, and mend the weaknefs of
his conftitution. Locke on Education.
Though in fome lands the grafs is but fhort, yet it mends
garden herbs and fruit. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Their opinion of Wood, and his project, is not mended.
3. To help; to advance. '
Whatever is new is unlooked for; and ever it mends fome,
and impairs others: and he that is holpen takes it for a for¬
tune, and he that is hurt for a wrong. Bacon
If, to avoid fucceffion in eternal exiftence, they recur to
the pundum flans of the fchools, they will thereby very little
mend the matter, or help us to a more pofitive idea of infinite
d“ration- # . ' Locke.
4. To improve ; to increafe.
Death comes not at call; juflice divine
Mends not her flowefl pace, for pray’r, or cries. Milton.
When upon the funds the traveller.
Sees the high fea come rolling from afar,
The land grow fhort, he mends his weary pace,
While death behind him covers all the place. Dryden.
He faw the monfler mend his pace; he fprings,
As terror had increas’d his feet with wings. Dryden.
To Mend. v. n. To grow better; to advance in any good ;
to be changed for the better.
M
df N
E N
I
Name a new play and he*s the poet’s friend *
Nay, fhow’d his faults-but when wou’d poets mendP
adJ- from mend.] Capable^/bemg mended?^'
Menda'city n.f [from mendax, Latin.] Falfehood.
in this dthvery there were additional mendacities; for
the commandment forbid not to touch the fruit, and po-
< {‘ !v?yf^ Ye frail furelydie; but fre, extenuating, re¬
plied, Left ye die. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
E nder. n.f. [from mend.] One who makes any change for
the better. J 0
What trade art thou ? A trade that I may ufe with a fafe
confluence; a mender of bad foals. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
toe'ofTeggaryl ^ POOT * *
Be not righteous over-much, is applicable to thofe who,
out of an excefs of zeal, pradife mortifications, whereb^
they macerate their booms; or to thofe who voluntarily re¬
duce themfelves to a poor, and perhaps mendicant, flate.
T' fraternlty *n ihe Rornifh church.
v'’Lat-mendi,r’Fr;i To be® >
Mof a'bcljll;. n'f' [W,V;to> Lat. mmiiciti, Fr.] The life
Mends for a?nends.
andtf fh'h* ^ U be fair’ ’tis the better ^ her;
MFnial &ad- Tf ’ haS tHe mends in her own hands- ShaL
old FrenchJ [ meni> Sax > or mefnie,
1. Belonging to the retinue, or train of fervants.
I wo menial dogs before their mafter prefs’d ;
i hus clad, and guarded thus, he feeks his kingly gueft.
2. Swjf, feems not to have known the meaning of
ficeshe women attendants perform only the mod menial ofMEVrkL. n.f. One of the train of fervants^^W"
Meninges, n.f.^nfy^.] The are the two mem¬
branes that envelope the brain, which are called the pH ml
ter and dura mater; the latter being the exterior involucrum
1S, from its thicknefs, fo denominated. Did!
., n cbru ? be‘ung exPofed to the air groweth fluid, and is
thruft forth by the contraction of the meninges. JVifeman
Mof monfrl* n'^ [f*VVoA^lov ’ tnenologe, French.] A mgifter
In the Roman martyrology we find, at one time, many
Wand martyrs deftroyed by Dioclefian : the mrnol.g, faith
mS”T"ty ‘h°U,ranJ-- SniLgfiut.
TTllt t«”>&.Lat.] Belonging',0 the table; ttJl
aded at table. A word yet fcarcely naturalifed.
tvt / '-'onveidatdon cither mental or menfal. Clariffa
Mensyrual. adj. [menjlrual, Fr. menjlruus, Latin.] M ’
I. Monthly ; happening once a month ; lulling a month.
She turns ajl her globe to the fun, by moving in her
Jrual orb, and enjoys night and day alternately, one day of
hers being equal to about fourteen days and nights of ours.
„ r> . • • n Bentley's Sermons.
2* rertainmg to a menftruum. [menjlrueux, Fr.]
. * be d'^ents °f the menjlrual or ftrong waters hinder the
incorporation, as well as thofe of the metal. B„con>
Me'nstruous. adj. [menjlruus, Lat.] Having the catamenial
O thou of late belov’d.
Now like a menjlrucus woman art remov’d. Sandys's Par.
Many, from being women, have proved men at the firfl:
point ot their menjiruous eruptions. Brown
Me'nstruum. n.f [This name probably was derived from
fome notion of the old chemifts about the influence of the
moon in the preparation of difiolvents.]
All liquors are called menjlruums which are ufed as diflolvents, or to extrad the virtues of ingredients by infufion, de¬
coction. J & ’ ,
Inquire what is the proper menjlruum to diflblve metalfwhat
will touch upon the one and not upon the other, and what
federal menjlrua will diflolve any metal. Bacon's Phyfcal Rem.
White metalline bodies mull be excepted, which, by rea¬
fon of their exceffive denfity, feem to refled almoft all the
light incident on their firft fuperficies, unlefs by folution in
menfruums they be reduced into very fmall particles, and then
they become tranfparent. Newton's Opticks
Mensurabi LITV. n.f. [menfurabilite, French.] Capacity of
being meafured. J 1 J
MblNmc2fur“eLc|E' ^m^ra> Lat!n‘J Meafurable; that may
We mcafure our time by law and not by nature. The fohr month ,s tro per,od,cal motion, and not eafily mmfurcbU,
a^,d the months unequal among themfelves, and no/to be
mealured by even weeks or days. Holder.
ib I
/Ms'WSyfcA.t.
MER
Me'nsural. ad). [from menfura, Latin.] Relating to meafure.
To Me'nsurate. v. a. [from menfura,.Latin.] To meafure;
to take the dimenfion of any thing.
Mensura'tion. n.f. [from menjura, Lat.] I he a£t or prac¬
tice of meafuring ; relult of meafuring.
After giving the menfuration and argumentation of Dr. Cum¬
berland, it would not have been fair to have fuppreffed thoie
of another prelate. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Me/ntal. ad). [:meniale, French; mentis, Lat.] Intellectual;
exiting in the mind.
What a mental power
This eye {hoots forth ? How big imagination
Moves in this lip ? To the dumbnefs of the gefture
One might interpret. Shakefp. Tirnon of Athens.
So deep the pow’r of thefe ingredients pierc’d,
Ev’n to the inmoft feat of mental fight,
That Adam now enforc’d to clofe.his eyes,
Sunk down, and all his fpirits became entranc’d. Milton.
The metaphor of tafte would not have been fo gene¬
ral, had there not been a very great conformity between the
mental tafte arid that fenfitive tafte that affeits the palate.
Addifon s Spefl. N°. 409.
If the ideas be not innate, there was a time when the
mind was without thofe principles ; for where, the ideas are
not, there can be no knowledge, no afient, no mental or ver¬
bal proportions about them. Locke.
She kindly talk’d, at leaft three hours.
Of piaftick forms, and mental pow'rs. Prior.
Thofe inward reprefentations of fpirit, thought, love, and
hatred, are pure and mental ideas, belonging efpecially to
the mind, and carry nothing of fliape or fenfe in them.
Watts’s Logick.
Me ntally, adv. [from mental.] Intellectually; in the mind ;
not practically, but in thought or meditation.
If we confider the heart the firft principle of life, and
mentally divide it into its conftituent parts, we find nothing
but what is in any mufcle of the body. Bentley.
Me'ntiqn. n.f. [mention, Fr. mentio, Latin.] Oral or writ¬
ten expreflion, or recital of any thing.
Think on me when it {hall be well with thee ; and make
mention of me unto Pharaoh, and bring me out of this houfe.
. Gen. xl. 14.
The Almighty introduces the propofal of his laws rather
with the mention of fome particular adds of kindnefs, than by
reminding mankind of his feverity. Rogers’s Sermons.
To Me'ntion. v. a. [mentionner, Fr. from the noun.] To
write or exprefs in words or writing.
I will mention the loving-kindnefles of the Lord, and the
praifes of the Lord. Ifa- lxiii. 7.
Thefe mentioned by their names were princes in their fami¬
lies. 1 Chron. iv. 38.
The reft of the acts of Jehofhaphat are written in the book
of Jehu, who is mentioned in the book of Kings. 2 Chron.
All his tranfgreffions {hall not be mentioned. Ezek. xviii.
Mephi'tical. aaj. [mephitis, Lat.] Ill favoured; {linking.
Mephitical exhalations are poifonous or noxious fleams
ifluing out of the earth, from what caufe foever. Quincy.
Mera'cious. adj. [meracus, Latin.] Strong; racy.
Me'rcable, adj. [mercor, Lat ] To be fold or bought. DU1.
Me'rcantant. n.f- [mercatante, Ital.J This word in Shakefpeare feems to fignify a foreigner, or foreign trader.
What is he ?
— A mercantant, or elfe a pedant.
I know not what but formal in apparel. Shakefpeare.
Mercantile, adj. Trading; commercial.
The expedition of the Argonauts was partly mercantile,
partly military. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Let him travel and fulfil the duties of the military or mer¬
cantile life; let profperous or adverfe fortune call him to the
moft diftant parts of the globe, ftill let him carry on his
knowledge, and the improvement of his foul. Watts.
MeRcat. n.f. [mercatus, Latin.] Market; trade.
With irrefiftible majefty and authority our Saviour removed
the exchange, and drove the mercat out of the temple. Sprat.
MeRcature. n.f. [mercatura, Latin.] T he practice of buy¬
ing and felling.
MeRcenariness. n.f. [from mercenary.] Venality; refpect
to hire or reward.
To forego the pleafures of fenfe, and undergo the hardfbips that attend a holy life, is fuch a kind of mercenarinefs,
as none but a refigned, believing loul is likely to be guilty of;
if fear itfelf, and even the fear of hell, may be one juftifiable
motive of mens actions. Boyle.
MERCENARY, adj. [;mercenaire, Fr. merccnarius, Lat.] Ve¬
nal ; hired ; fold for money; adding only for hire.
Many of our princes, woe the while !
Lie drown’d, and foked in mercenary blood. Shakefpeare.
Divers Almains, who ferved in the garifons, being merely
mercenary, did ealily incline to the ftrongeft. Haywood.
The appellation of fervant imports a mercenary temper, and
MER
denotes fuch an one as makes his reward both the foie motive
and meafure of his obedience. South s Sermons.
’Twas not for nothing I the crown refign d ;
I ftill muft own a mercenary mind. Dryden s Aurengzeoe.
Mercenary, n.f. [mercenaire, Fr.] A hireling; one retain¬
ed or ferving for pay.
He a poor mercenary ferves for bread ;
For all his travel, only cloth’d and fed. Sandys’s Paraph.
ME'RCER. n.f. [mercier, French.] One who fells filks.
The draper and mercer may meafure religion as they pleafe,
and the weaver may caft her upon what loom he plfcafe.
Howel's England's Tears.
MeRcery. n.f. [mercerie, Fr. from mercer.] Trade of mer¬
cers ; dealing in filks.
The mercery is gone from out of Lombard-ftreet and
Cheapfide into Paternofter-row and Fleet-ftreet. Graunt.
To MeRchand. v. n. [marchander, French.] To tranfact by
traftick.
Ferdinando merchandcd with France for the reftoring Rouffiglion and Perpignan, oppignorated to them. Bacon.
Merchandise, n.f. [.marchandife, french.]
1. Traftick; commerce; trade.
If a fen, that is fent by his father about merchandife, fall
into fome leud action, his wickednefs, by your rule, Ihould
be impofed upon his father. Shakefp. Henry V.
If he pay thee to the utmoft farthing, thou haft forgiven
nothing : it is merchandife, and not forgivenefs, to reftore him
that does as much as you can require. Taylor.
2. Wares ; any thing to be bought or fold.
Fair when her breaft, like a rich laden bark
With precious merchandife, fhe forth doth lay. Spenfer.
Thou {halt not fell her at all for money; thou {halt not
make merchandife of her. Deut.xxi. 14.
As for any merchandife you.have brought, ye fhall have
your return in merchandije or in gold. Bacon.
So active a people will always have money, whilft they can
fend what merchandfes they pleafe to Mexico. Addifon.
To Merchandise, v. n. To trade; to traftick; to exercife
commerce.
The Phoenicians, of whofe exceeding merchandifmg we
read fo much in ancient hiftories, were Canaanites, whofe
very name fignifies merchants. Brerewood on Languages.
MeRchant. n.f. [marchand, French.] One who trafEcks to
remote countries.
France hath flaw’d the league, and hath attach’d
Our merchants goods at Bourdeaux. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The Lord hath given a commandment againft the merchant
city to deftroy the Itrong holds thereof. Ifa. xxiii. 1 r.
The moft celebrated merchants in the world were fituated
in the ifland of Tyre. Addifon’s Freeholder, N°. 42.
MeRchantly. ) adj. [from merchant.] Like a merchant.
MeRchantlike. ) Ainf.
Merchant-man. n. f. [merchant and man.] A {hip of trade.
Pirates have fair winds and a calm fea, when the juft and
peaceful merchant-man hath them. Taylor.
In the time of Auguftus and Tiberius, the fouthern coafts
of Spain fent great fleets of merchant-men to Italy. Arbuthnot.
Merchantable, adj. [mercabilis, Lat. from merchant.] Fit
to be bought or fold.
Why they placed this invention in the beaver, befide the
medical and merchantable commodity of caftor, or parts con¬
ceived to be bitten away, might be the fagacity of that ani¬
mal. Browns Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
MeRciable. adj. [from mercy.] This word in Spenfer fignifies
merciful.
Nought but well mought him betight:
He is fo meek, wife, merciakle.
And with his word his work is convenable. Spenfer s Pajl.
MeRciful. adj. [mercy and full.] Compaflionate; tender;
kind ; unwilling to punilh ; willing to pity and fpare.
Be merciful, O Lord, unto thy people thou haft redeemed.
Deut. xxi. 8.
MeRcifully. adv. [from merciful.] Tenderly; mildly ; with,
pity; with compalhon.
Make the true ufe of thofe afflictions which his hand, mer¬
cifully fevere, hath been pleafed to lay upon thee. Atterbury.
MeRcifulness. n.f. [from merciful.'] Tendcrnefs; willinonefs to fpare.
The band that ought to knit all thefe excellencies together
is a kind mercifulnefs to fuch a one, as is in his foul devoted
to fuch perfections. Sidney.
Ufe the means ordinary and lawful, among which merci¬
fulnefs and liberality is one, to which the promife of fecular
wealth is moft frequently made. Hammond.
MeRciless. adj. [from mercy.] Void of mercy; pitilels; hard
hearted ; cruel; fevere.
His mother mercilefs,
Moft mercilefs of women Wyden hight,
Her other fon faft fleeping did opprefs.
And with moft cruel hand him murdered pitilefs. Fa. £ht.
The foe is mercilefs, and will not pity. Shakefpeare.
Thinks
s
M E R M E R
Think not their rage fo defperate t’ effay
An element more mercilefs than they. Denham.
What God fo mean.
So mercilefs a tyrant to obey ! Dryden's Juvenal.
Whatever ravages a mercilefs diftemper may commit, {he
{hall have one man as much her admirer as ever. Pope.
The torrent mercilefs imbibes
Commiffions, perquiiites, and bribes. Swift.
MhRCi'lessly. adv. [from mercilefs.] In a manner void of
pity.
Me'rcilessness. n.f [from mercilefs.] Want of pity.
Me'rcurial. adj. [mercurialis, Lat.J
1. Formed under the influence of mercury; adfive ; fprightly.
I know the fhape of’s leg: This is his hand.
His foot mercurial, his martial thigh,
The brawns of Hercules. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
This youth was fuch a mercurial, as could make his own
part, if at any time he chanced to be out. Bacon's Hen. VII.
Tully considered the difpofitions of a fincere, more igno¬
rant, and lefs mercurial nation, by dwelling on the pathetick
part. Swift's Mifcel.
2. Confifting of quickfilver.
Mercurifica'tion. adj. [from mercury.] The add of mixing
any thing with quickfilver.
I add the ways of meraerification. Boyle.
ME'RCURY. n.f [mercurius, Latin.]
1. The chemift’s name for quickfilver is mercury. Hill.
The gall of animals and mercury kill worms ; and the
water in which mercury is boiled has this effect. Arbuthnot.
2. Sprightly qualities.
Thus the mercury of man is fix’d.
Strong grows the virtue with his nature mix’d ;
The drofs cements what elfe were too refin’d.
And in one int’reft body adds with mind. Pope.
3. A news-paper. Ainf.
4. It is now applied, in cant phrafe, to the carriers of news
and pamphlets.
Me'RCURY. n.f. [mercurialis, Latin.] A plant.
The leaves of the mercury are crenated, and grow by pairs
oppofite: the cup of the flower confifts of one leaf, which
expands and is cut into three fegments; thefe are male and
female in different places : the flowers of the male grow in
long fpikes, and confift of many ftamina and apices, which
are loaded with farina : the ovary of the female plant be¬
comes a tefticulated fruit, having a Angle round feed in each
cell. Miller.
Herb mercury is of an emollient nature, and is eaten in
the manner of fpinach, which, when cultivated in a garden,
it greatly excels. Hill's Mat. Med.
ME'RCY. n.f [merely French, contra&ed from mifericordia,
Latin.]
1. Tendernefs; goodnefs; pity; willingnefs to fave; clemency;
mildnefs ; unwillingnefs to punifh.
Oh heav’n have mercy on me !
•—I fay, amen.
And have you mercy too ? Shakefpeare.
Mercy is not {train’d ;
It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heav’n,
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blefs’d ;
It bleffeth him that gives and him that takes. Shakefp.
Arife, and have mercy upon Zion. Pfal. cii. 13.
Thou, O God, art gracious, long-fuffering, and in mercy
ordering all. Wifd. xv. 1.
Examples of juftice muff be made for terror to fome ; ex¬
amples of mercy for comfort to others : the one procures fear,
and the other love. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
Good heav’n, whofe darling attribute we find
Is boundlefs grace, and mercy to mankind.
Abhors the cruel. Dryden.
We adore his undeferved mercy towards us, that he made
us the chief of the vifible creation. Bentley s Sermons.
2. Pardon.
’Twere a paper loft.
As offer’d mercy is. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Cry mercy lords.
That you have ta’en a tardy fluggard here. Shakefpeare.
I cry thee mercy with all my heart, for fufpedding a friar
of the leaft good-nature. Dryden's Spanifi) Friar.
3. Difcretion ; power of adding at pleafure.
Condition !
What good condition can a treaty find
I’ th’ part that is at mercy? Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
The moft authentick record of fo ancient a family fhould
lie at the mercy of every infant who flings a ftone. Pope.
A lover is ever complaining of cruelty while any thing is
denied him; and when the lady ceafes to be cruel, {he is,
from the next moment, at his mercy. Swift.
Mercy-seat. n.f. [mercy and feat.]
The mercy-feat was the covering of the ark of the cove¬
nant, in which the tables of the law were depofited : it was
of gold, and at its two ends were fixed the two chcrubims,
of the fame metal, which with their wings extended for4
wards, feenied to form a throne for the majefty of God, whe?
in feripture is reprefented as fitting between the cherubims
and the ark was his footftool: it was from hence that God
gave his oracles to Mofes, or to the high-prieft that confulted him. Calmet.
Make a ?nercy-feat of pure gold. Exod. xxv. 17.
Mere. adj. [merus, Latin.] That or this only ; fuch and no¬
thing elfe; this only.
This avarice
Strikes deeper, grows with more pernicious root
Than Summer-teeming Juft; and it hath been
The fword of our {lain kings : yet do not fear,
Scotland hlath foifons to fill up your will
Of your mere own. Shakefpeare's Macbeth'.
I have engag’d myfelf to a dear friend.
Engag’d my friend to his mere enemy,
To feed my means. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
The mere Irifh were not admitted to the benefit of the
laws of England, until they had purchafed charters of deni¬
zation. Davies on Ireland,
From mere fuccefs nothing can be concluded in favour of
any nation upon whom it is beftowed. Atterbury.
What if the head, the eye, or ear repin’d.
To ferve mere engines to the ruling mind. Pope.
Let Eaftern tyrants from the light of heav’n
Seclude their bofom flaves, meanly poffefs’d
Of a mere, lifelefs, violated form. Thomfon’s Spring.
Mere or mery whether in the beginning, middle, or end, al¬
ways fignify the fame with the Saxon mepe, a pool or lake.
Gibfon’s Camden.
Mere. n.f. [mepe, Saxon.]
1. A pool; commonly a large pool or lake: as, TVinander
mere.
I may fay nothing of meres ffored both with fifti and fowl.
Camden's Remains.
2. A boundary.
The miflayer of a mere-fkone is to blame : but it is the
unjuft judge that is the capital remover of land-marks, who
defineth amifs of lands. Bacon.
Me'rely. adv. [from mere.] Simply; only; thus and no other
way; for this and for no other end or purpofe.
Which thing we ourfelves would grant, if the ufe thereof
had been merely and only myftical. Hooker, b. v.
Thefe external manners of laments
Are merely xhadows to the unfeen grief.
That fwells with filence in the tortur’d foul. Shakefp.'
It is below reafonable creatures to be converfanjt in fuch
diverfions as are merely innocent, and have nothing elfe to
recommend them. Addifon's Spedl. NT93.
Above a thoufand bought his almanack merely to find what
he faid againft me. Swift.
Prize not your life fdr other ends
Than merely to oblige your friends. Swift.
- MERETRI CIOUS, adj. [ meretricius, meretrix, Latin. ]
Whorifh ; fuch as is practifed by proftitutes; alluring by falfe
{how.
Our degenerate underftandings having fuffered a fad divorce
from their deareft objedt, defile themfelves with every mere¬
tricious femblance, that the variety of opinion prefents them
with. Glanville's Seep.
Not by affected, meretricious arts,
But ftridf harmonious fymmetry of parts. Rofcommon.
Meretriciously, adv. [from meretricious.] Whorifhly;
after the manner of whores.
Meretri'ciousness. n. f. [from meretricious.] Falfe allure¬
ment like thofe of {trumpets.
MERIDIAN, n.f \rneridien, French; meridles, Lat.]
1. Noon; mid-day.
He promis’d in his Eaft a glorious race.
Now funk from his meridian, fets apace. Dryden.
2. The line drawn from North to South, which the Sun crofies
at noon. ,
The true meridian is a circle paffing through the poles of
the world, and the zenith or vertex of any place, exactly di¬
viding the Eaft from the Weft. Brown's Vulg. Errours, b. ii.
The Sun or Moon, rifing or fetting, our idea reprefents
bigger than when on the meridian. IVatts's Logick.
3. The particular place or ftate of any thing.
All other knowledge merely ferves the concerns of this
life, and is fitted to the meridian thereof: they are fuch as
will be of little ufe to a feparate foul. ' Hale.
4. The higheft point of glory or power.
I’ve touch’d the higheft point of all my greatnefs.
And from that full meridian of my glory
I hafte now to my fetting. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Your full majefty at once breaks forth
In the meridian of your reign. Waller.
Meri'dian. adj.
1. At the point of noon.
Sometimes tow’rds Eden, which now in his view
Lay pleafant, his griev’d look he fixes fad ;
Sometimes
I
M £ R
Somctilties tow’rds henv’n, and the full blazing Sun*
Which now fat high in his meridian tow’r. Milton.
i.Extended from North to South.
Compare the meridian line afforded by magnetical needles
with one mathematically drawn, and obferve the variation of
the needle, or its declination from the true meridian line.
Boylei
3. Raifed to the highcfl point.
Meridional, adj. [meridional, French.]
1. Southern.
In the fouthern eoaft of America or Africa, the fouthem
point varieth toward the land, as being difpofed that way by
the meridional or proper hemifphere. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
2. Southerly; having a fouthern afpedl.
All offices that require heat, as kitchens, Rillatories, and
Roves, would be meridional. Wotton's Architect.
Meridiona'lity. n.f [from meridional.] Pofition in the
South ; afpedt towards the South.
Meri'dionally. adv. [from meridional.'] With a fouthern
afpedl.
The Jews, not willing to lie as their temple Rood, do
place their bed from North to South, and delight to deep
meridionally. Brozvris Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
ME'RIT. n.f. [meritum, Latin; merite, French.]
1. Defert; excellence deferving honour or reward.
You have the captives; ufe them
As we {hall Had their merits and our fafety
May equally determine. Shakcfp. King Lear.
She deem’d I well deferv’d to die,
And made a merit of her cruelty. Dryden.
Rofcommon, not more learn’d than good.
With manners gen’rous as his noble blood ;
To him the w’ft of Greece and Rome was known,
And ev’ry author’s merit but his own. Pope.
She valu’d nothing lefs
Than titles, figure, fhape, and drefs ;
That merit fliould be.chiefly plac’d
In judgment, knowledge, wit, and taRe. Swift.
2. Reward deferved.
Thofe laurel groves, the merits of thy youth.
Which thou from Mahomet didR greatly gain.
While bold aflertor of relifllefs truth,
Thy fword did godlike liberty maintain. Prior.
3. Claim ; right.
As I am Rudious to promote the honour of my native
country, I put Chaucer’s merits to the trial, by turning fome
of the Canterbury tales into our language. Dryden.
When a point hath been well examined, and our own
judgment fettled, after a large furvey of the merits of the
caufe, it would be a weaknefs to continue fluttering. Watts.
Tfo Me'rit. v. a. [meriter, French.] ,
1. To deferve; to have a right to claim any thing as deferved.
Amply have merited of me, of all
Th’ infernal empire. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
A man at befl is uncapable of meriting any thing from
God. South's Sermons.
- 2. To deferve ; to earn : it is ufed generally of good, but fometimes of ill.
Whatfoever jewels I have merited, I am fure I have re-
. ceived none, unlefs experience be a jewel; that I have purchafed at an infinite rate. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
If fuch rewards to vanquifh’d men are due.
What prize may Nifus from your bounty claim.
Who merited the firfl rewards, and fame ? Dryden.
Merito rious, adj. [meritoire, Fr. from merit.] Deferving of
reward ; high in defert.
Inflead of fo great and meritorious a fervice, in bringing all
the Irifh to acknowlege the king for their liege, they did
great hurt. Spenjer on Ireland.
The war that hath fuch a foundation will not only be re¬
puted juR, but holy and meritorious. Raleigh's Effays.
A moll fuflicient means of redemption and falvation, by
the fatisfadlory and meritorious death and obedience of the
incarnate Son of God, Jefus ChriR, God bleffed for ever.
Bijhop Sanderfon.
This is not only the moR prudent, but the moR meritorious
charity, which we can practice. Addifon s Spelt.
Meritoriously, adv. [from meritorious.] In fuch a manner
as to deferve reward.
He carried himfelf meritorioufly in foreign employments
in time of the interdidl, which held up his credit among the
patriots. Wotton.
, Merito'riousness. n.f. [(tom meritorious.] The act or Rate
of deferving well.
There was a full perfuafion of the high rneritorioufnefs of
what they did ; but Rill there was no law of God' to ground
it upon, and confequently it_was not confcience. South.
MeRitot. n. f. [1ofcillum, Lat.] A kind of play. Ainf.
MeTlin. n.f. A kind of hawk.
Not yielding over to old age his country delights, he was
at that time following a merlin. Sidney.
M E R
Granville.
a meeting
MeRmaid. n.f. [mer, the fea, and maid.] A fea woman ; an
animal with a woman’s head and hill’s tail.
I’ll drown more failors than the mermaid Riall. Shakefp.
Thou remembreR, *
Since once I fat upon a promontory.
And heard a mermaid on a dolphin’s back
Uttering fuch dulcet and harmonious breath,
That the rude lea grew civil at her fong. Shakeffeare.
Did fenfe perfuade Ulyfles not to hear
The mermaids longs, which fo his men did pleafe.
That they were all perfuaded, through the ear,
To quit the fhip and leap into the feas ? Davies.
Few eyes have efcaped the picture of a mermaid: Horace
his monfler, with woman’s head above and fifhy extremity
below, anfwers the Ihape of the ancient fyrens that attempt¬
ed upon Ulyfles. Brown's Vulgar Errours^ b. v.
Mermaid’s trumpet, n. f. A kind of fifh. Ainf
MeRrily. adv. [from merry.]
I. Gaily; civily; cheerfully; with mirth; with gaiety; with
laughter.
Merrily, merrily, fhall we live now.
Under the bloflom that hangs on the bough. Shakefp.
When men come to borrow of your mailers, they ap¬
proach ladly, and go away merrily, bhahefp. Timon ofAthens.
You have ended my bufinefs, and I will merrily accompany
you home. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
A paifan of Frsnce thinks of no more than his coarfe
bread and his onions, his canvafs clothes and wooden fhoes,
labours contentedly on working days, and dances or plays
merrily on holidays. Temple's Mifcei.
Merrily' (mg, and (port, and play,
For ’tis Oriana’s nuptial day.
MeRrimake. n.f. [merry and make.] A feRival
for mirth.
Thenot now nis the time of merrymake,
Nor Pan to herie, nor with love to play,
Sike mirth in May is meeteR for to make.
Or Summer fliade, under the cocked hay. Spenfer's Pajl.
The knight did not forbear.
Her honeR mirth and pfeafure to partake.
But when he faw her gibe, and toy, and geare.
And pafs the bounds of modeR merrimake,
Her dalliance he defpifed. Fairy f^ueen, b. ii.
To MeRrimake. v. a. To feafl; to be jovial.
With thee ’twas Marian’s dear delight
To moil all day, and merrimake at night. Gay's Pajlorals.
MeRriment. n.f. [from merry.] Mirth; gaiety; cheerfulnefs; laughter.
Who when they heard that piteous flrained voice.
In haRe forfook their rural merriment. Fairy fkueen^ b. i.
A number of merriments and jeRs, wherewith they have
pleafantly moved much laughter at our manner of ferving
God. Hooker, b. v.
Methought it was the found
Of riot and ill-managed merriment. Milton.
MeRriness. n.f. [from merry.] Mirth ; merry difpefition.
The Rile {hall give us caufe to climb in the merrinefs. Shak.
ME'RRY. adj. J
1. Laughing ; loudly cheerful; gay of heart.
They drank and were merry with him. Gen. xliii. 34.
The vine languilheth, all the merry-hearted figh. Ifa. xxiv.
Some that are of an ill and melancholy nature, incline the
company into which they come to be fad and ill-difpofed ;
and others that are of a jovial nature, do difpofe' the com¬
pany to be merry and cheerful. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Man is the merriejl fpecies of the creation ; all above and
below him are ferious. Addifon.
2. Cauflng laughter.
You kill’d her hufband, and for that vile fault
Two of her brothers were condemn’d to death ;
Shakefp,eare.
Dryden.
My hand cut off, and made a merry jeR
3. Profperous.
In my fmall pinnace I can fail,
Contemning all the blufl’ring roar ;
And running with a merry gale,
With friendly liars my fafety (eek.
Within fome little winding creek,
And fee the Rorm alhore.
To make Merry. To junket; to be jovial.
They trod the grapes and made merry, and went into the
houfe of their God. jMg. be. 27.
A fox fpy d a bevy of jolly, gofliping wenches making
merry over a difh of pullets. L'Ejlran*e.
Merry-andrew, n.f. A buffoon; a zany; a jaok->puddino;.
He would be a ftatefman becaufe he is a buffoon; as Jf
there went no more to the making of a counfellbr than the
faculties of a merry-andrew or tumbler. L'Ejlrawe.
The firft who made the experiment was a merry-an¬
drew. Spectator, N°. 599.
Merry-thought.
3
. t* M E S
Mi'^RYTHotrctyT. n.f [merry and thought.J A forked bone
.* on the btidv '<Jf fowls; fo called becaufe boys and girls pull
in .^lay at the two fides, the longeft part broken off betoken¬
ing priority of marriage.
. "Let him not be breaking merrythoughts under the table with
v coulin. Eachard’s Contempt of the Clergy.
Mesera'ick. n.f [ptrccpoMv: mefaraique, Fr. analogy re¬
quires it mefaraick.J Belonging to the myfentery.
It taketh leave of the permeant parts at the mouths of the
meferaicks, and accompanieth the inconvertible portion into
the fiege. Broivns Vulgar Errours.
The moll fubtile part of the chyle paffeth .immediately into
the blood by the abforbent veffels of the guts, which difeharge
themfelves into the meferaick veins. Arbuthnot.
Me'rsion. n.f. [merfio, Lat.] The aft of finking, or thrufting over head. . Ainf
Mese'ems, imperfonal verb, [me an&feems, or itfeems to me:
for this word it is now too common to ufe methinks or methought, an ungrammatical word.] I think; it appears to me;
methinks.
Alas, of ghofts I hear the gaftly cries;
Yet there, mefeems, I hear her finging loud. Sidney.
Mefeemed by my fide a royal maid,
Her dainty limbs full foftly down did lay. Fairy Shieen.
To that general fubjedtion of the land mefeems that the
cuftom or tenure can be no bar nor impeachment. Spenfer.
ME'SENTERY. n.f. Oarnltpiov ; mefmtere, Fr.] That round
which the guts are convolved.
When the chyle paffeth through the mefentery, it is mixed
with the lymph. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Mesente'rick. adj. [;mefenterique, French, from mefentery.']
Relating to the mefentery.
They are carried into the glands of the mefentery, receiving
a fine lymph from the lymphatick du£ts, which dilutes this
chylous fluid, and fcours its containing veffels, which, from
the mefenterick glands, unite in large channels, and pafs dire&ly into the common receptacle of the chyle. Cheyne.
MESH, n.f [maefche, Dutch; mache, old French ; it were
therefore better written, as it is commonly pronounced, majh.]
The interface of a net; the fpace between the threads of a
net.
The drovers hang fquare nets athwart the tide, thorough
which the Ihoal of pilchard palling, leave many behind en¬
tangled in the meajhes. Carew’s Survey ofCornwall.
<|uch a hare is madnefs the youth, to Ikip o’er the mejhes of
good counfel the cripple. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
« He fpreads his fubtle nets from fight,
With twinkling glaffes to betray
The larks that in the mefhes light. Dryden.
With all their mouths the nerves the fpirits drink,
Which through the cells of the fine ftrainers link:
Thefe all the channel’d fibres ev’ry way.
For motion and fenfation, Hill convey :
The greateft portion of th’ arterial blood, 1
By the clofe ftrudture of the parts withftood, >
Whofe narrow mejhes flop the groffer flood. Blackmore. 3
To Mesh. v. a. [from the noun.] 'Fo catch in a net; to en-
' fnare.
The flies by chance mejht in her hair,
By the bright radiance thrown
From her clear eyes, rich jewels were,
They fo like diamonds Ihone. Drayton.
Me'shy. adj. [from mejh.] Reticulated; of net-work.
Some build his houfe, but thence his iffue barre,
Some make his meafty bed, but reave his reft. Carew.
Caught in the mejhy ihare, in vain they beat
• Their idle wings. Thomfon.
VIe'slin. n.f. [from mefer, French, to mix ; or rather cor¬
ruptly pronounced formifcellane. SeeMASLiN.] Mixed corn:
as, wheat and rie.
What reafon is there which Ihould but induce, and there¬
fore much lefs enforce, us to think, that care of old diflimiJitude between the people of God and the heathen nations
about them, was any more the caule of forbidding them to
put on garments of fundry fluff, than of charging them withal
not to fow their fields with mefin. Hooker, b. iv.
If worke for the threlher ye mind for to have.
Of wheat and of meflin unthrelhed go fave. Differ.
Mesolei/cys. n. f. [^eo-oAsux^.] A precious ftone, black,
with a ftreak of white in the middle. Dift.
Meso'logarithms. n. f. [p,£<r(^>, Ae'y©3, and api'S-/*^.]
The logarithms of the cofines and tangents, fo denominated
by Kepler. f # Harris.
Meso'melas. n.f. [^ro-opiAa?.] A precious ftone with a black
vein parting every colour in the midft. Bailey.
Mf/spise. n.f [probably mifprinted for mefprife ; mefpris, Fr.]
Contempt; fcorn.
Mammon was much difpleas’d, yet note he chofe
But bear the rigour of his bold mejpife,
And thence him forward led, him further to entice.
MET'
Mess. n.f. [mes, old Freiich ; mefo, Italian; miffus, Latin;
mes, Gothick ; mepe, Saxbn, a difti.] A difh ; a quantity
of food fent to table together.
The bounteous hufwife, nature, on each bufh
Lays her full mefs before you. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Now your traveller,
He and his toothpick at my worfhip’s mefs. Shakefpcare.
I had as lief you fhould tell me of a tpefs of porridge.
Shakefpcare''s Merry Wives of Windfor.
Herbs, and other country mcjfes,
Which the neat-handed Phillis dreffes. Milton.
Had either of the crimes been cooked to their palates,
they might have changed mefjis. Decay of Piety.
From him he next receives it thick or thin.
As pure a mefs almoft as it came in. Pope.
To Mes:\ v. n. To eat; to feed.
Message, n.f. [meffage, Fr.] An errand ; any thing commit¬
ted to another to be told to a third.
She doth difplay
The gate with pearls and rubies richly dight.
Through which her words fo wile do make their way.
To bear the meffage of her fpright. Spenfer, Sonnet 8l.
May one, that is a herald and a prince.
Do a fair meffage to his kingly ears ! Shakefpeara
She is fair, and, fairer than that word,
Of wond’rous virtues ; fometimes from her eyes
I did receive fair fpeechlefs mejfages. Shakefpearc.
Gently haft thou told
Thy meffage, which might elfe in telling wound,
And in performing end us. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xi.
Let the minifter be low, his intereft inconfiderable, the
word will fuffer for his fake; the meffage will ftill find recep¬
tion according to the dignity of the meffenger. South.
The welcome meffage made, was foon receiv’d ;
’Twas to be wifh’d and hop’d, but fcarce believ’d. Dryden.
Me'ssenger. n.f. [meffager, French.] One who carries an
errand ; one who comes from another to a third ; one who
brings an account or foretoken of anything; an harbinger;
a forerunner.
Came running in, much like a man difmaid,
A meffenger with letters, which his meffage faid. Pa. Jfu.
Yon grey lines,
That fret the clouds, are meffengers of day. Shakefpeare.
Run after that fame peevifh meffenger,
The duke’s man. Shakefpeare.
The earl difpatched meffengers one after another to the king,
with an account of what he heard and believed he faw, and
yet thought not fit to ftay for an anfwer. Clarendon*
Joy touch’d the meffenger of heav’n ; he flay’d
Entranc’d, and all the hlifsful haunt furvey’d. Pope.
MESSPAH. n.f. [from the Hebrew.] The Anointed; the
Chrift ; the Saviour of the world; the Prince of peace.
Great and publick oppofition the magiftrates made againft
Jefus the mail of Nazareth, when he appeared as the Meffiah. Watts's Improvement of the Alind.
MESSPEURS. n.f. [Fr. plural of monfieur.] Sirs; gentle¬
men.
Me'ssmate. n.f. [mefs and mate.] One who eats at the fame
table.
Me'ssuage. n.f. [meffuagium, law Latin; formed perhaps
mefnage by miftake of the n in court-hand for a, they being
written alike, mefnage from maifon, French.] The houfe and
ground let apart for houlhold ufes.
Met, the preterite and part, of meet.
A fet of very well-meaning gentlemen in England, not to
be met with in other countries, take it for granted they can
never be in the wrong fo long as they can oppofe minifters of
ftate. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 48.
Metagra'mmatism, n. f. [juela and ypdp.p.oi.]
Anagrammatifm, or metagrammatifm, is a diffolution of a
name truly written into its letters, as its elements, and a new
connexion of it by artificial tranfpofition, without addition,
fubftraCtion, or change of any letter into different words,
making fome perfect fenfe applicable to the perfon named.
Camden s Remains.
META1BASIS, n.f. [Greek.] In rhetorick, a figure by which
the orator paffes from one thing to another. Dill.
Meta'bola. n.f. [y.i\ooQoXri.] In medicine, a change of time,
air, or difeafe.
Metaca'rpus. n.f. [ptlooiolpmov.] In anatomy, a bone of
the arm made up of four bones, which are joined to the fin¬
gers. Didi.
Fairy Fjhueen, 11.
The conjunction is called fynarthrofis ; as in the joining of
the carpus to the metacarpus. Wifeman's Surgery.
Metaca'rpal. adj. [horn metacarpus.] Belonging to the me¬
tacarpus. Did.
It will facilitate the feparation in the joint, when you cut
the finger from the metacarpal bone. Sharp's Surgery.
ME'TAL. n.f. [metal, French; metallum, Latin.]
We underftand by the term metal a firm, heavy, and hard
fubftance, opakc, fufible by fire, and concreting again when
16 K cold
MET MET «cold into a folid body fuch as it was before, which is malleable
under the hammer, and is of a bright, gloffy, and glittering
fubftance where newly cut or broken. The metals are fix in
number: i. gold; 2. filver; 3. copper; 4. tin; 5. iron;
and, 6. lead; of which gold is the heavieft, lead the fecond
in weight, then filver, then copper, and iron is the lighted
except tin : fome have added mercury or quickfilver to the
number of metals; but as it wants malleability, the criterion
ot metals, it is more properly ranked among the femi me¬
tals. Hill’s Mat. Med.
Metallifts ufe a kind of terrace in their veffels for fining
metals, that the melted metal run not out. Moxon.
2. Courage ; fpirit. In this fenfe it is more frequently written
?nettle. See Mettle.
Being glad to find their companions had fo much metal,
after a long debate the major part carried it. Clarendon.
3. Upon this fignification the following ambiguity is founded.
Both kinds of metal he prepar’d,
Either to give blows or to ward ;
Courage and fteel both of great force.
Prepar’d for better or for worfe. Hudibras, p. i.
Metale'psis. n.f [yslolAwpig.] A continuation of a trope in
one word through a fucceffion of fignifications. Bailey.
MetaLlic A L. h adj. [from metallum, Lat. metallique, French.]
Meta'llick. 5 Partaking of metal; containing metal;
confiding of metal.
The antients obferving in that material a kind of metallical
nature, or fufibility, feem to have refolved it to nobler ufe ;
an art now utterly loft. IVotton s Architecture.
The lofty lines abound with endlefs ftore
Of min’ral treafure, and metallick oar. Blackmore.
Metalliferous, adj. [metallum andfero, Latin.] Producing
metals.
Meta'lline. adj. [from metal.]
Did.
2.
Impregnated with metal.
Metalline waters have virtual cold in them ; put therefore
wood or clay into fmith’s water, and try whether it will not
harden. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl. N°. 84.
Confiding of metal.
Though the quickfilver were brought to a very clofe and
lovely metalline cylinder, not interrupted by interfperfed bub¬
bles, yet having caufed the air to be again drawn out of the
receiver, feveral little bubbles difclofed themfelves. Boyle.
Me'tallist. n.f. [from metal-, metallijle, Fr.J A worker in
metals ; or (killed in metals.
MetalUJh ufe a kind of terrace in their veftels for fining
metals, that the melted metal run not out; it is made of
quick lime and ox blood. Moxon's Mech. Exercifes.
Metallography, n.f. [metallum and ypoitpu.] An account
or defeription of metals. Diet.
Metallurgist, n.f. [metallum and ’ipyov.] A worker in me¬
tals.
Meta'llurgy. n.f [metallum and rp^ov.] The art of work¬
ing metals, or feparating them from their ore.
To Metamo'rphose. v. a. [metamorphofer, Fr. y.tixyop(pou.]
To change the form or (hape of any thing.
Thou, Julia, thou haft metamorphos’d me;
Made me negleCt my ftudies, lofe my time. Shakefpeare.
They became degenerate and metamorphofed like Nebu¬
chadnezzar, who, though he had the face of a man, had the
heart of a bead. Davies on Ireland.
The impoftibility to conceive fo great a prince and favou¬
rite fo fuddenly metamorphofed into travellers, with no greater
train, was enough to make any man unbelieve his five fenfes.
IVotton's Buckingham.
From fuch rude principles our form began ;
And earth was metamorphos’d into man. Dryden’s Ovid.
Metamo'rphosis. n.f. [metamorphofc,Fr. yslxyoptpwtng.]
1. Transformation ; change of (hape.
His whole oration flood upon a (hort narration, what was
the caufer of this metamorphofis. Sidney.
Obfcene talk is grown fo common, that one would think
we were fallen into an age of metamorphofis, and that the
brutes did not only poetically but really (peak. Gov. Tongue.
The fifteenth book is the mafter-piece of the whole metamorphofes. Dryden.
What! my noble colonel in metamorphofis ! On what occafion are you transformed ? Dryden’s Spanifh Fryar.
There are probable machines in epick poems, where the
gods are no lefs aCtors than the men; but the lefs credible
fort, fuch as tnetamorphofes, are far more rare. Pope’s OdyJJ'ey.
2. It is applied, by Harvey, to the changes an animal under¬
goes, both in its formation and growth; and by feveral to the
various (hapes fome infeCts in particular pafs through, as die
(ilk-worm, and the like. Quincy.
ME'TAPHOR. n.f. [metaphore, Fr. ysichpopu.] The appli¬
cation of a word to an ufe to which, in its original import,
it cannot be put: as, he bridles his anger ; he deadens the
found ; the fpring awakes the (lowers, A metaphor is a
fimile comprized in a word ; the fpring putting in addon the
powers of vegetation, which were tofpkl in the winter, as
the powers of a deeping animal are excited by awaking him,
The work of tragedy is on the paflions, and in a dialogue;
both of them abhor ftrong metaphors, in which the epopcea
delights. Dryden’s Ded. to Virgil’s Mneis.
Metapho'rical. 7 adj. [metaphorique, Fr. from metaphor.]
Metapho'rick. ) Not literal; not according to the pri¬
mitive meaning of the word; figurative.
The words which were do continue; the only difference
is, that whereas before they had a literal, they now have a
metaphorical ufe. Hooker.
Metaphra'se. n.f. [pelol(ppacts."] A mere verbal tranflation
from one language into another.
This tranflation is not fo loofe as paraphrafe, ncr fo clofe
as metaphrafe. f
Metaphra'st. n.f. [metaphrajle, Fr. yilxlppxrns-] A hteral
tranflator; one who trandates word for word from one lan¬
guage into another.
Metaphysical. ) ,
Metaphy SICK. J J
1. Verfed in metaphyficks; relating to metaphyficks.
2. In Shakefpeare it means fupernatural or preternatural*
Hie thee hither.
To chaftife with the valour of my tongue
All that impedes thee from the golden round,
Which fate, and metaphyfical aid, doth feem
To have crown’d thee withal. Shakejp. Macbeth.
Metaphy'sick. \n.f [metaphyfique, Fr. y,ehx(pu<ri>cy.] OnMetaphy'sicks. ) tology ; the dodfrine of the general af¬
fections of fubftances exifting.
The mathematicks and the metaphyficks,
Fall to them as you find your ftomach ferves you. Shakefp.
Call her the rnetaphyficks of her fex,
And fay (he tortures wits, as quartans vex
Phyficians. , Cleaveland.
If light be caufed by intromiffion, or receiving In, the form
of contrary fpecies (hould be received confufedly together,
which how abfurd it is, Ariftotle (hews in his metaphyficks.
Peacham on Drawing,
See phyfick beg the Stagyrite’s defence !
See metaphyftck call for aid on fenfe ! Pope’s Dunciad.
The topicks of ontology or metaphyftck, are caufe, effeCI,
adtion, paflion, identity, oppofition, fubjedt, adjunct, and
fign. Watts’s Logick.
Meta'physis. n.f. [y.elx(pv<ri;.] Transformation; metamor¬
phofis. Did.
Me'taplasm. n.f. [y.Ha.7r\oc(ry.bi;.] A figure in rhetorick,
wherein words or letters are tranfpofed contrary to their na¬
tural order. Dili,
Meta'stasis. n.f. [y.elxrot<ng.] Tranflation or removal.
His difeafe was a dangerous afthma ; the caufe ?imetajlafisy
or tranflation of tartarous humours from his joints to his
lungs. Harvey on Canfumptions.
Metata'rsal. adj. [from metatarfus.] Belonging to the me*
tatarfus.
The bones of the toes, and part only of the metatarfal
bones, may be carious ; in which cafe cut off only fo much
of the foot as is difordered. Sharp’s Surgery.
Metata'rsus. n.f [y.irx and Txptros.] The middle of the
foot, which is compofed of five fmall bones connected to
thofe of the firft: part of the foot. Did.
The conjunction is called fynarthrofis, as in the joining
the tarfus to the metatarfus. JVifeman’s Surgery.
Meta'thesis. n.f. [yddSttri;.] A tranfpofition.
To Mete. v. a. [metior, Latin.] To meafure; to reduce to
meafure.
I will divide Shechem, and mete the valley of Succoth. Pfal.
To meafure any diftance by a line, apply fome known
meafure wherewith to mete it. Holder.
Though you many ways purfue
To find their length, you’ll never mete the true.
But thus ; take all that fpace the fun
Metes out, when every daily round is run. Creech.
Metewand. 7 n.f [mete and yard, or wand.] A ftaff of a cerMeteyard. J tain length wherewith meafures are taken.
A true touchftone, a lure metewand lieth before their eyes.
Afcham’s Schoolmajler.'
Ye (hall do no unrighteoufnefs in meteyard, weight, or
meafure. Lev. xix. 35.
To Metempsycho'se. v. a. [from mctempfychofis.] To tranflate from body to body. A word not received.
The fouls of ufurers after their death, Lucian affirms to
be metempfyehofed, or tranflated into the bodies of affes, and
there remain certain years, for poor men to take their penny¬
worth out of their bones. Peacham on Blazoning.
Metempsycho'sis. n.f. [y.slsy.^v^uo'i;.] The tranfmigration
of fouls from body to body.
Irom the opinion of metempfychofis, or tranfmigration of
the fouls of men into the bodies of beafts, mod: datable unto
their human condition, after his death Orpheus the mufician
became a fwan. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
MeLeor. n.f [meteore, Fr. ytltupst..] Anybodies in the air
or (ky that are of a flux and tranfitory nature.
Look’d
.1
MET MET
Look’d he or red, or pale, or fad, or merrily ?
What obfervation mad’ft thou in this cafe,
Of his heart’s meteors tilting in his face ? Sbakefpeare.
She began to caft with herfelf from what coaft this blazing
ftar muft rife upon the horizon of Ireland ; for there had the
like meteor ftrong influence before. Bacon's Henry VII.
Thcfe burning fits but meteors be,
Whofe matter in thee foon is fpent:
Thy beauty, and all parts which are in thee.
Are an unchangeable firmament. Difnne.
Then flaming meteors, hung in air, were feen,
And thunders rattled through a fky ferene. Dryden's dEn.
Why was I rais’d the meteqg of the world,
Hung in the (kies, and blazing as I travell’d.
Till all my fires wrere fpent ; and then caft downward
To be trod cut by Crefar ? Dryden's Allfor Love.
O poet, thou hadft been difereteer,
Hanging the monarch’s hat fo high,
If thou hadft dubb’d thy ftar a meteor,
Which did but blaze, and rove, and die. Prior.
Meteorological, adj. [from meteorology.'] Relating to the
doctrine of meteors.
Many others are confiderable in meteorological divinity.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vii.
Make difquifition whether thefe unufual lights be newcome guefts, or old inhabitants in heaven, or meteorological
impreflions not tranfeending the upper region, or whether to
be ranked among celeftial bodies. Howel's Vocal Forejl.
Meteorologist, n.f. [from meteorology.] A man (killed in
meteors, or ftudious of them.
The meteorologijls obferve, that amongft the four elements
which are the ingredients of all lublunary creatures, there is
a notable correfpondency. Howel's Vocal Forejl.
Meteoro'logy. n.f. [y.flsuptx and xiyu.] The doctrine of
meteors.
In animals we deny not a natural meteorology, or innate
prefentation of wind and weather Brown's Vulgar Errours»
Mete'orous. adj. [from meteor.] Having the nature of a me¬
teor.
From the o’er hill
To their fixt ftation, all in bright array.
The cherubim defeended, on the ground
Gliding meteoroics, as ev’ning mift,
Ris’n from a river. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xii.
Ue'ter. n.f. [from mete.] A meafurer: as, a coal-meter, a
land-meter.
Methe'glin. n.f [meddyglyn, WeHh, from medd and glyn,
glutinare ait Minlhew, vel a medclyg medicus & Uyn potus
quia potus medicihalis.] Drink made of honey boiled with
Water and fermented.
White handed miftrefs, one fweet word with thee.
*—Honey, and milk, and fugar, there is three.
—Nay then two treys; and if you grow fo nice,
Metheglin, wort, and malmfey. Sbakefpeare.
T’ allay the ftrength and hardnefs of the wine.
And with old Bacchus new metheglin join. Dryden.
Me'thinks, verb imperlbnal. [me and thinks. This is ima¬
gined to be a Norman corruption, the French being apt to
confound me and /.] I think ; it feems to me; mefeems.
See Meseems, which is more ftriclly grammatical, though
lefs in ufe. Methinks was ufed even by thofe who ufed likewife mefeems.
In all ages poets have been had in fpecial reputation, and,
methinks, not without great caufe; for, befides their fweet
inventions, and moft witty lays, they have always ufed to fet
forth the praifes of the good and virtuous. SpenJ'er on Ireland.
If he choofe out fome expreflion which does not vitiate the
fenfe, I fuppofe he may ftretch his chain to fuch a latitude;
but by innovation of thoughts, methinks, he breaks it. Dryd.
There is another circumftance, which, methinks, gives us
a very high idea of the nature of the foul, in regard to what
pafles in dreams, that innumerable multitude and variety of
ideas which then arife in her. Addifon's Spebf. N°. 487.
Methinks already I your tears furvey. Pope.
ME'THOD. n. f. [methode, Fr. jU&oJ®?.]
Method, taken in the largeft fenfe, implies the placing of
feveral things, or performing feveral operations in fuch an
order as is moft convenient to attain fome end. Watts.
To fee wherein the harm which they feel confifteth, the
feeds from which it fprang, and the method of curing it, belongeth to a (kill the ftudy whereof is full of toil^and the
pra&ice befet with difficulties. Hooker, b. v.
If you will jeft with me know my afpeft.
And falhion your demeanour to my looks.
Or I will beat this method in your fconce. Sbakefpeare.
It will be in vain to talk to you concerning the method I
think beft to be obferved in fchools. Locke on Education.
Notwithftanding a faculty be born with us, there are
feveral methods for cultivating and improving it, and without
which it will be very uncertain. Addifon's Speft. N°. 409.
Metho'dical. adj. [methodique, Fr. from method.] Ranged
or proceeding in due or juft order.
*
The obfervations follow one another without that methodi¬
cal regularity requifite in a profe author. Addifon's Spell.
He can take a body to pieces, and difpofe of them where
he pleafes ; to us, perhaps, not without the appearance of
irretrievable confufion ; but, with refpeft to his own knowlege, into the moft regular and methodical repofitories. Rogers.
Let me appear, great Sir, I pray,
Methodical in what 1 fay. Addifon's Rofamon.
Metho'dically. adv. [from methodical.] According to me¬
thod and order.
All the rules of painting are methodically, concifely, and
clearly delivered in this treatife. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
To begin methodically, I (hould enjoin you travel; for abfence doth remove the caufe, removing the objetft. Suckling.
To Methodise, v. a. [from method.] To regulate; to dif¬
pofe in order.
Refolv’d his unripe vengeance to defer,
The royal fpy retir’d unfeen,
To brood in fecret on his gather’d fpleen.
And methodize revenge. Dryden's Boccace:
The man who does not know how to methodife his thoughts,
has always a barren fuperfluity of words ; the fruit is&loft
amidft the exuberance of leaves. Spectator, N°. 476.
One who brings with him any obfervations which he has
made in his reading of the poets, will find his own reflec¬
tions methodized and explained, in the works of a good
critick. Addifon's Spedi. N°. 291.
Thofe rules of old difeover’d, not devis’d,
Are nature ftill, but nature methodis'd. Pope.
Me'thodist. n.f [from method.]
1. A phyfician who pradtifes by theory.
_ Our warieft phyficians, not only chemifts but methodijls,
give it inwardly in feveral conftitutions and diftempers. Boyle.
2. One of a new kind of puritans lately arifen, fo called from
their profeffion to live by rules and in conftant method.
Metho'ught, the preterite of methinks. See Methinks and
Meseems. I thought; it appeared to me. I know not
that any author has mefeemed, though it is more grammati¬
cal, and deduced analogically from mefeems.
Methought, a ferpent eat my heart away.
And you fat finding at his cruel prey. Sbakefpeare.
Since I fought
By pray’r th’ offended deity t’ appeafe ;
Kneel’d, and before him humbl’d all my heart.
Methought, I faw him placable, and mild.
Bending his ear: perfuafion in me grew
L hat I was heard with favour; peace return’d
Home to my bread ; and to my memory
His promile, “ That thy feed (hall bruife our foe." Milt.
In thefe
I found not what, methought, I wanted ftill. Milton.
Methought I flood on a wide river’s bank,
Which I muft needs o’erpafs, but knew not how. Dryden.
Metony'mical. adj. [from metonymy.] Put by metonymy for
fomething elfe.
Metony'mically. adv. [from metonymical.] By metonymy ;
not literally.
The difpofition of the coloured body, as that modifies the
light, may be called by the name of a colour metonymically, or
efficiently; that is, in regard of its turning the light that re¬
bounds from it, or pafles through it, into this or that parti¬
cular colour. Boyle on Colours.
METONYMY, n.f [metonymie, Fr. yi.eluvvpt.lix,.] A rhetori¬
cal figure, by which one word is put for another, as the mat¬
ter for the materiate; he died byfeel, that is, by a fword.
They differ only as caufe and effedt, which by a metonymy
Ufual in all forts of authors, are frequently put one for an-
°ther- , , TiUotfon.
Metopo'scopy. n.f. [metopofcopie, Fr. [xtruorov and cntiirlu.]
The ftudy of phyliognomy; the art of knowing the charac¬
ters of men by the countenance.
METRE, n.f [metrum, Latin; fxirpov.] Speech confined to
a certain number and harmonick difpofition of fyllables;
verfe; meafure; numbers.
For the metre fake, fome words be driven awry which re¬
quire a ftraighter placing in plain profe. Ajcham's Schoolmafcr.
He taught his Romans in much better metre.
To laugh at fools. Pope-.
Me'trical. adj. [metricus, Latin; metrique, Fr.] Pertaining
to metre or numbers.
METROPOLIS, n.f. [metropolis, Latin ; metropole, French ;
fxrirvp and •nroLi?.] The mother city; the chief city of any
country or diftridt.
His eye difeovers unaware
The goodly profpedt of fome foreign land,
Firft feen : or fome renown’d metropolis.
With gliftering fpires and pinnacles adorn’d. Milton
Reduc’d in careful watch
Round their metropolis. Milton's Par. Lof b x
' We flopped at Pavia, that was once the metropolis of a
kingdom, but at prefent a poor town, Addifon on Italy.
Metropolitan,
I
M E W M I C
Mf.i rofo'litan. n.f. [metropolitanus, Latin.] A blfliop of
the mother church ; an archbiffiop.
He was promoted to Canterbury upon the death of Dr.
Bancroft, that metropolitan, who underffocd the church ex¬
cellently, and countenanced men of the greatell parts in
learning. Clarendon.
Metropolitan. adj. Belonging to a metropolis.
Their patriarch, of a covetous defire to enrich himfelf,
had forborn to inffitute metropolitan bifhops. Raleigh.
Metropoli'tical. adj. [from metropolis.'] Chief or principal
of cities.
He fearing the power of the Chriftians was gone as far
as Gratia, the metropolitical city of Stiria. Knolles.
ME'TTLE. n.f. [corrupted from metal, but commonly writ¬
ten fo when the metaphorical fenfe is ufed.]
1. Spirit; fpritelinefs ; courage.
What a blunt fellow is this grown to be ?
He was quick mettle when he went to fchool. Shakefpeare.
I had rather go with fir prieff than fir knight: I care not
who knows fo much of my mettle. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Upon this heavinefs of the king’s forces, interpreted to
be fear and want of mettle, divers reforted to the feditious.
Hayward's Edw. VI.
He had given fo frequent teffimony of fignal courage in
feveral actions, that his mettle was never fufpedted. Clarendon.
’Tis more to guide than lpur the mufe’s Heed,
Retrain his fury, than provoke his fpeed ;
The winged courfer, like a gen’rous horfe,
Shows moll true mettle when you check his courfe. Pope.
2. Subllance : this at leaff Ihould be metal.
Oh thou ! whofe felf-fame mettle,
Whereof thy proud child, arrogant man, is puft.
Engenders the black toad, and adder blue. Shakefpeare.
Me'ttled. adj. [from mettle.] Spritely; courageous; full of
ardour ; full of fire.
Such a light and metall'd dance
Saw you never. - Benj. fohnfon.
Nor would you find it eafy to compofe T
The mettled Heeds, when from their nollrils flows . >
The fcorching fire that in their entrails glows. Addifon. )
Me'ttlesome. adj. [from mettle.] Spritely; lively; gay;
brifk ; airy ; fiery ; courageous.
Their force differs from true lpirit, as much as a vicious
from a mettlefome horfe. Tatler, N°. 61.
Me'ttlesomely. adv. [from mettlefome.] With fpritelinefs.
Mew. n.f. [mue, French.]
i. A cage; an inclofure ; a place where any thing is confined.
Forth-coming from her darkfom mew,
Where Ihe all day did hide her hated hew. Fairy Queen.
There then fhe does transform to monftruous hues,
And horribly mif-lhapes with ugly fights,
Captiv’d eternally in iron mews,
And darkfom dens, where Titan his face never {hews.
Fairy Queen, b. ii.
Her lofty hand would of itfelf refufe
To touch the dainty needle or nice thread ;
She hated chambers, clofets, fecret mews,
And in broad fields preferv’d her maidenhead. Fairfax,
a. [Msep, Saxon.] A Tea-fowl.
Among the firft fort we reckon coots, fanderlings, and
meawes. Carew.
The veffel Hicks, and {hews her open’d fide.
And on her {hatter’d mafl the mews in triumph ride. Dryd.
To Mew. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. Tofliutup; to confine; to imprifon; to inclofe.
He in dark corners mew'd,
Mutter’d of matters as their books them fhew’d. Hubberd.
Unto the buffi her eye did Hidden glance.
In which vain Braggadocio was mewed,
And faw it.ffir. Fairy Queen, b. if
Why fhould your fears, which, as they fay, attend
The Heps of wrong, then move you to mew up
Your tender kinfman. Shakefp. King John.
Fair Hermia, queftion your defires ;
Know of your youth, examine well your blood,
Whether if you yield not to your father’s choice,
You can endure the livery of a nun ;
For aye to be in ffiady cloifler mew'd.
To live a barren fiffer all your life,
Chanting faint hymns to the cold, fruitlefs moon. Shakefp.
More pity that the eagle fhould be mew'd.
While kites and buzzards prey at liberty. Shakefpeare.
Feign them Tick,
Clofb mew'd irt their fedans, for fear of air. Dryden s Juv.
It is not poffible to keep a young gentleman from vice by a
total ignorance of it, unlefs you will all his life mew him up
in a clofet, and never let him go into company. Locke.
j>. I o fhed the feathers. It is, I believe, ufed in this fenfe,
becaufe birds are, by clofe confinement, brought to flied their
feathers.
I fhould difeourfe of hawks, and then treat of their ayrics,
mewings, cuffing, and renovation of their feathers. TValton.
The fun hath mew'd his beams from off his lamp.
And majeffy defac’d the royal llamp. Cleaveland.
* Nine times the moon had mew'd her horns, at length
With travel weary, unfupply’d with flrength,
And with the burden of her womb oppreff,
Sabean fields afford her needful reff. Dryden.
3.[Miauler, French.] To cry as a cat.
Let Hercules himfelf do what he may,
The cat will mew, the dog will have his day. Shakefp.
They are not improveable beyond their own genius: a
dog will never learn to mew, nor a cat to bark. Crew's Cof
To Mewl. v. n. [miauler, French.] To fquall as a child.
The infant
Mewling and puking in the nurfe’s arms. Shakefpeare.
Meze'reon. n.f. A fpecies of lpurge lawrel.
Mezereon is common in our gardens, and on the Alps and
Pyrenean mountains : every part of this fhrub is acrid and
pungent, and inflames the mouth and throat. Hill.
ME ZZOTINTO. n.f. [Italian.] A kind of graving, fo named
as nearly refembling paint, the word importing half-painted :
it is done by beating the whole into afperity with a hammer,
and then rubbing it down with a Hone to the refemblance in¬
tended.
Meynt. adv.. Mingled. Obfolete.
The fait Medway, that trickling Hreams
Adown the dales of Kent,
Till with the elder brother Thames
His brackifh waves be jneynt. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
Mi'asm. n.f. [from [jualvoo, inquino, to infedt.] Such partir
cles or atoms as are fuppofed to arife from dillempered, pu¬
trefying, or poifonous bodies, and to affedl people at a dis¬
tance.
The plague is a malignant fever, caufed through peffilential miaftns infinuating into the humoral and confifient partis
of the body. Harvey on Confumptions.
Mice, the plural of moufe.
Mice that mar the land. 1 Sam. vi. 5.
Micha'elmass. n.f. [Michael and mafs.] The feafi of the
archangel Michael, celebrated on the twenty-ninth of Sep¬
tember.
They compounded to furniffi ten oxen after Michaelmafs
for thirty pounds price. Carew.
To MICHE. v. n. To be fecret or covered; to lie hid.
Hanmer.
Marry this is miching mallcen ; it means mifehief. Shak.
Mi'cher. n.f. [from miche.] A lazy loiterer, who fkulks
about in corners and by-places, and keeps out of fight; a
hedge-creeper. Hanmer.
Mich or Mick is Hill retained in the cant language for an
indolent, lazy fellow.
How tenderly her tender hands between
In ivory cage file did the micher bind. Sidney.
Shall the bleffed fun of heav’n prove a micher, and eat
blackberries ? a queffion not to be affeed. Shall the fon of
England prove a thief, and take purfes ? a queffion to be alked. Shakejpeare's Henry IV, p. i.
Mi'ckle. adj. [mice!, Saxon.] Much ; great. Obfolete. In
Scotland it is pronounced muckle.
This reade is rife that oftentime
Great cumbers fall unfoft:
In humble dales is footing faff.
The trode is not fo tickle,
And though one fall through heedlefs bade.
Yet is his mils not mickle. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
Many a little makes a mickle. Camden's Remains.
If I to-day die with Frenchmens rage.
To-morrow I fliall die with mickle age Shakefp. Henry VI.
O, mickle is the pow’rful grace, that lies
In plants, herbs, Hones, and their true qualities. Shakefp.
All this tradl that fronts the falling fun,
A noble peer, of mickle truff and power.
Has in his charge. Milton.
Microco'sm. n.f. [pcUp(& and stberp©^] The little world.
Man is fo called as being imagined, by fome fanciful philofophers, to have in him fomething analogous to the four cler
ments.
You fee this in the map of my microcofm. Shak. Coriolanus.
She to v/hom this world muff itfelf refer,
As fuburbs, or the microcofm of her ;
She, fhe is dead; fhe’s dead, when thou know’ff this,
T hou know’ll how lame a creeple this world is. Donne.
As in this our microcofm, the heart
Heat, fpirit, motions gives to every part:
So Rome’s victorious influence did difperle
All her own virtues through the univerfe. Denham.
Philofophers fay, that man is a microcofm, or little urorld,
refembling in miniature every part of the great; and the
body natural may be compared to the body politick. Swift.
Mi'crograthy. n. f. [peoepej and yput>u.] 'Fhe defeription
of the parts of fuch very fmall objects as are difcernable only
with a microfcope. 3 1
The
M I D M I D
Thomfon s Summer.
The honey-bag is the ftomach, which they always fill to
fatisfy and to fpare, vomiting up the greater part of the honey
to be kept againft winter: a curious defcription and figure of
the fting fee in Mr. Hook’s micrography. Crew's Mufeeum.
MICROSCOPE. n.f. [fjdxp<& and trycorrsu ; microfcope, Fr. ]
An optick inftrument, contrived various ways to give to the
eye a large appearance of many objects which could not
otherwife be feen.
If the eye were fo acute as to rival the fineft microfcopes,
and to difeern the fmalleft hair upon the leg of a gnat, it
would be a curfe, and not a blefling, to us; it would make
all things appear rugged and deformed ; the mod finely poliflied cryftal would be uneven and rough ; the fight of our
own felves would affright us; the fmootheft fkin would be
belet all over with ragged feales and briffly hairs. Bentley.
The critick eye, that microfcope of wit,
Sees hairs and pores, examines bit by bit. Dunclad, b. iv.
Micro'meter. n.f [ouV.p{S^ and pov ; micrometre, French.J
An inftrument contrived to meafure fmall fpaces.
MlCROSCO'PICAL. ) r rr{ • -1
. T . > n. /. from micro cope. I
Microsco PICK. J
1. Made by a microfcope.
Make microfcopical obfervations of the figure and bulk of
the conftituent parts of all fluids. Arbuthnot and Pope.
2. Alfifted by a microfcope.
Evading even the microfcopic eye !
Full nature fwarms with life.
3. Refembling a miferofeope.
Why has not man a microfcopick eye ?
For this plain reafon, Man is not a fly.
Say what the ufe, were finer opticks given,
T’ infpecl a mite, not comprehend the heav’n ? Pope.
Min. adj. [contracted from middle, or derived from mid,
Dutch. ]
1. Middle; equally between two extremes.
No more the mounting larks* while Daphne fings,
Shall, lifting in mid air, fufpend their wings. Pope.
Ere the mid hour of night, from tent to tent,
Unweary’d, through th’ num’rous hoft he paft. Rowe.
2. It is much ufed in compofition.
Mid-course, n.f. [mid and courfe.] Middle of the way.
Why in the Eaft
Darknefs ere day’s mid-courfe? and morning light.
More orient in yon weftern cloud, that draws
O’er the blue firmament a radiant white. Milton.
Mid-day. n.f. [mid and day.] Noon; meridian.
Who (hoots at the mid-day fun, though he be fure he fhall
never hit the mark, yet as fure he is he fhall flioot higher
than he who aims but at a bufh. Sidney, b. ii.
His fparkling eyes, replete with awful fire.
More dazzled and drove back his enemies,
Than mid-day fun fierce bent againft their faces.
Who have before, or fhall write after thee.
Their works, though toughly laboured, will be
Like infancy or age to man’s firm ftay,
Or early or late twilights to mid-day.
Did he not lead you through the mid-day fun.
And clouds of duft ? Did not his temples glow
In the fame fultry winds and fcorchina; heats ?
Mi'ddfst, fuperl. of mid, middejl, midfl. j
Yet the ftout fairy ’mongft the middejl crowd.
Thought all their glory vain in knightly view. Fa. L$u.
Mi'ddle. adj. [mibble, Saxon.J
1. Equally diftant from the two extremes;
The loweft virtues draw praife from the common people;
the middle virtues work in them aftonifhment; but of the
higheft virtues they have no fenfe. Bacon's EJfays.
A middle ftation of life, within reach of thofe conveniencies which the lower orders of mankind muff: neceffarily
want, and yet without embarraflfnent of greatnefs. Rogers.
To deliver all his fleet to the Romans, except ten middlefized brigantines. Arbuthnot on Coin>4
1 like people of middle underftanding and middle rank. Sw.
2. Intermediate; intervening.
Will, feeking good, finds many middle ends. Davies.
3. Middle finger ; the long finger.
You firft introduce the middle finger of the left-hand. Sharp.
Mi'ddle. n.f.
1. Part equally diftant from two extremities; the part remote
Shakefp.
Donne.
AdcUfoon.
from the verge.
There come people down by the middle of the land. Judg.
With roof fo low that under it
Thev never ftand, but lie or lit;
And yet fo foul, that whofo is in,
Is to the middle leg in prifon. Hndibras, p. i.
2. The time that pafles, or events that happen, between the
beginning and end.
The caufes and defigns of an aCtion are the beginning;
the effects cf thefe caufes, and the difficulties that are met
with in the execution of thefe defigns, are the middle , and
the unravelling and refolutjon of thefe difficulties are the end.
Drydcn and Lee 5 Oedipus.
Middle-aged. adj. [middle and age.] Placed about the mid¬
dle of life.
A middle-aged man, that was half grey, half brown, took
a fancy to marry two wives. L'Ejlrange's Fables.
The middle-aged lupport faffing the beft, becaufe of the
oily parts abounding in the blood. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
I found you a very young man, and left you a middle-aged
one : you knew me a middle-aged man, and now I am an
old one. Swift to Pope.
Mi'ddlemost. adj. [from middle.'] Being in the middle.
Why have not fome beafts more, than four feet, fuppofe
fix, and the middlemojl fhorter than the reft. Afore.
The outrnoft fringe vanifhed firft, and the middlemojl next,
and the innermoft Jaft. • Newton's Opticks.
The outward ftars, with their fyftems of planets, muff ne¬
ceffarily have defeended toward the middlemojl fyftem of the
univerfe, whither all would be mult ftrongly attracted from
all parts of a, finite fpace. Bentley's Sermons.
Mi'ddling. adj. [from jniddle.]
1. Of middle rank.
A middling fort of a man, left well enough to pafs by his
father, could never think he had enough fo long as any man
had more. L'EJlrange's Fables,
2. Of moderate fize; having moderate qualities of any kind.
The bignefs of a church ought to be no greater than that
vnt) which the voice of a preacher of middling lungs will
eafily extend. Graunt's Bills ofMortality.
Longinus preferred the fublime genius that fometimes errs,
to the middling or indifferent one, which makes few faults,
but feldom rifes to any excellence. Dryden.
Middling his head, and prone to earth his view. Pickell.
Mi'dland. -adj. [mid and land.]
1. That which is remote from the coaft.
The fame name is given to the inlanders, or midland in¬
habitants of this ifland, by Caefar. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The midland towns abounding in wealth, (hews that her
riches are intern and domeftick. Howel’s Vocal Forejl.
The various dialeCts of the Englilh in the North and
Weft, render their expreflions many times unintelligible to
the other, and both fcarce intelligible to the midland. Hale.
2. In the midft of the land ; mediterranean.
There was the Plymouth fquadron now come in.
Which twice on Bifcay’s working bay had been.
And on the midland fea the French had aw’d. Dryden.
Midge, n.f. [miege, Saxon.] A gnat.
Mid-heaven, n.f. [mid and heaven.] The middle of the Iky.
But the hot hell that always in him burns.
Though in mid-heaven, foon ended his delight. Milton.
Mi'dleg. n.f [mid and leg.] Middle of the leg.
He had fifty attendants, young men all, in white fatten,
loofe coats to the midleg, and ftockings of white filk. Bacon.
Mi'dmost. adj. [from mid, or contracted from middlemojl:
this is one of the words which have not a comparative,
though they feem to have a fuperlative degree.] The mid¬
dle.
Now van to van the foremoft fquadrons meet.
The midmojl battles halting up behind. Dryden.
Hear himfelf repine
At fate’s unequal laws; and at the clue,
Which, mercilefs in length, the midmojl filter drew. Dry.
What dulnefs dropt among her fons imprelt.
Like motion, from one circle to the reft :
So from the midmojl the nutation fpreads
Round, and more round o’er all the fea of heads. Pope.
Mi'dnight. n.f. [mid and night. Milton feems to have ac¬
cented this lall fyllable.] The noon of night; the depth of
night; twelve at night.
To be up after midnight, and to go to bed then, is early ;
fo that to go to bed after midnight, is to go to bed betimes.
Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
How now, you fecret, black and midnight hags ?
What is’t you do ? Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
I hope my midnight ftudies, to make our countries flourilh
in myfterious and beneficent arts, have not ungratefully af¬
fected your intellects. Bacon.
By night he fled, and at midnight returned
From compafling the earth ; cautious of day. Milton.
After this time came on the ?)iidnight of the church, wherein
the very names of the councils were forgotten, and men did
only dream of what had paft. Stillmgfeet.
Some folitary cloifter will I chufe,
Coarfe my attire, and Ihort fhall be my deep.
Broke by the melancholy midnight bell. Dryden's Sp. Fryar.
In all that dark midnight of popery there were Itill fome
gleams of light, fome witnefl’es that arofe to give teftiinony
to the truth. Atterbury.
They can tell precifely what altitude the dog-ftar had at
midnight or midnoon in Rome when Julius Ctefar was llain.
IVatts's Logick.
Mi'driff. n.f [mibJjj-upe, Saxon.] The diaphragm.
T he midriff divides the trunk of the body into two cavi¬
ties, the thorax and abdomen : it is compofed of two mufcles;
16 L the
M I D
the firft and fuperior of thefe arlfes from the fternum, and
the ends of the laft ribs on each fide : its fibres, from this
femicircular origination, tend towards their centre, and ter¬
minate in a tendon or aponeurofis, which hath always been
taken for the nervous part of the midriff. The fecond and
inferior mufcle comes from the vertebne of the loins by two
productions, of which that on the right lide comes from the
firft, fecond, and third vertebrae of the loins; that on the
left fide is fomewhat fhorter ; and both thefe productions join
and make the lower part of the midriffs which joins its ten¬
dons with the tendon of the other, fo as that they make but
one membrane, or rather partition. Quincy.
Whereat he inly rag’d, and as they talk’d,
Smote him into the midriff with a (tone
That beat out life. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. xi.
In the gullet, where it perforateth the midriffs the carneous
fibres of that mufcular part are infledted. Ray.
Mid-sea. n. f. [mid and fea.] The Mediterranean fea.
Our Tyrrhene Pharos, that the mid-fea meets
With its embrace, and leaves the land behind. Dryden.
Mi'dshipm an. n. f. [from mid, Jbip, and man.]
Midjhipmen are officers aboard a fhip, whofe ftation, when
they are on duty, is feme on the quarter-deck, others on the
poop, &c. Their buftnefs is to mind the braces, to look
out, and to give about the word of command from the cap¬
tain and other fuperior officers : they alfo aflift on all occafions, both in failing the fhip, and in ftoring and rummaging
the hold. They are ufually young gentlemen, who having
ferved their time as volunteers, are now upon their prefer¬
ment. Harris.
Midst, n.f Middle.
All is well when nothing pleafes but God, being thankful
in the midjl of his afflictions. Taylor s Guide to Devotion.
Arife, ye fubtle fpirits, that can fpy
When love is enter’d in a female’s eye;
You that-can read it in the midjl of doubt,
And in the midjl of frowns can find it out. Dryden.
Midst, adj. [contracted from middejl, the fuperlative of mid.J
Midmoft ; being in the middle.
On earth join all ye creatures to extol
Him firft, Him laft, Him midjl, and without end. Milton.
In the Slighted Maid, there is nothing in the firft aCt but
what might have been faid or done in the fifth ; nor any
thing in the midjl which might not have been placed in the
beginning. Dryden’s Ditfrefnoy.
Midstre'am. n.f. [mid andJlream.] Middle of the ftrearn.
The midjlrcam’s his; I creeping by the fide.
And fhoulder’d off by his impetuous tide. Dryden.
Mi'dsummer. n.f. [mid and fummer.] The fummer folftice,
popularly reckoned to fall on June the twenty-fourth.
However orthodox my fentiments relating to publick affairs
may be while I am now writing, they may become criminal
enough to bring me into trouble before Midfummer. Swift.
At eve laft Midfimmier no fleep I fought. Gay’s Pajl.
Mi'dway. n.f. [mid and way.] The part of the way equally
diftant from the beginning and end.
No midway ’twixt thefe extremes at all. Sbakefpeare.
He were an excellent man that were made in the midway
between hirn and Benedick; the one is too like an image,
and fays nothing; and the other too like my lady’s eldeft fon,
evermore tattling. Shakefp. Much ado about nothing.
Pity and fliame ! that they, who to live well
Stood fo fair, fhould turn afide to tread
Paths indireCf, or in the midway faint! Milton’s Par. Lojl.
The hare laid himfelf down about midway, and took a
nap; for I can fetch up the tortoife when I pleafe.
UEJlrange’s Fables.
How ditlft thou arrive at this place of darknefs, when
fo many rivers of the ocean lie in the midway.
Broome’s Notes on the Odyffey.
Mi'dway. adj. Middle between two places.
How fearful
And dizzy ’tis, to caft one’s eyes fo low !
The crows and choughs that wing the midway air,
Shew fcarce fo grofs as beetles. Sbakefpeare.
Mi'dway. adv. In the middle of the paffage.
With dry eyes, and with an open look,
She met his glance midway. Dryden’s Boccace.
MPDWIFE. 7i. f. [This is derived, both by Skinner and Ju¬
nius, from mib or meed, a reward, and pip, Saxon.] A wo¬
man who afhfts women in childbirth.
When man doth die, our body, as the womb,
And as a midwife, death direCts it home. Donne.
Without a midwife thefe their throws fuftain,
And bowing, bring their iffue forth with pain. Sandys.
There faw I how the fecret felon wrought, 1
And treafon lab’ring in the traitor’s thought, >
And midwife time the ripen’d plot to murder brought, j
Dryden s Knight’s Tale.
I had as clear a notion of the relation of brothers between
them, as if I had all the /kill of a midwife. Locke,
8
M I G
But no man* fure ! e’er left his h'oufd
And faddl’d ball with thoughts fo wild,
To bring a midwife to his fpoufe,
Before he knew fhe was with child. Prior,
Mi'dwifery. n.f. [from midwife.]
1. Affiftance given at childbirth. ' ^ I
2. ACt of produdtion; help to production ; co-operation in
production.
So hafty fruits, and too ambitious flow’rs*
Scorning the midwifry of rip’ning fhow’rs,
In fpight of frofts, fpring from th’ unwilling earth. Stepney.
There was never any thing propounded for publick good,
that did not meet with oppofition ; arifing from the humour of
fuch as would have nothing brought into the world but by their
own midwifry. Child s Difcourfe oh Trade%
3. Trade of a midwife.
Mi'dwinter. n. f. [mid and winter.] The winter folftice.
Begin when the flow waggoner defcends,
Nor ceafe your fowing till Midwinter ends. Dryden.
Mien. n.f. [mine, French.] Air; look; manner.
In her alone that owns this book is feen
Clorinda’s fpirit, and her lofty mien. Waller.
What can have more the figure and mien of a ruin than
craggs, rocks, and cliffs. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
"One, in whom an outward mien appear’d.
And turn fuperior to the vulgar herd. Prior.
What winning graces, what majeftick mieit.
She moves a goddefs, and fhe looks a queen. Pope.
Might, the preterite of may.
Matters of fuch confequence fhould be in plain words, as
little liable as might be to doubt. Locke.
Might, n.f [migpr, Saxon.] Power; ftrength; force.
What fo ftrong.
But wanting reft, will alfo want of might. Spenfer*
Quoth fhe, great grief will not be told*
And can more eafily be thought than faid;
Right fo, quoth he, but he that never would.
Could never ; will to might gives greateft aid. Fa.
An oath of mickle might. Shakefp. Henry Vi
Wherefore fhould not ftrength and might
There fail, where virtue fails. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. vi.
With might and main they chac’d the murd’rous fox.
With brazen trumpets and inflated box. Dryden.
This privilege the clergy in England formerly contended
for with all might and main. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Mi'ghtily. adv. [from mighty.]
1. With great power; powerfully; efficacloufly; forcibly.
With whom ordinary means will prevail, furely the power
of the word of God, even without the help of interpreters,
in God’s church worketh mightily, not unto their confirma¬
tion alone which are converted, but alfo to their converfion
which are not. Hooker, b. v.
2. Vehemently; vigoroufly; violently.
Do as adverfaries do in law, ftrive mightily, but eat and
drink as friends. Sbakefpeare.
3. In a great degree ; very much. This is a fenfe fcarcely to
be admitted but in low language.
Therein thou wrong’ft thy children mightily. Shakefp.
There’s ne’er a one of you but trufts a knave.
That mightily deceives you. Shakefp. Titus Andronicus.
'An afs and an ape conferring grievances : the afs complain¬
ed mightily for want of horns, and the ape for want of a tail.
L’Ejlrange’s Fables.
Thefe happening nearer home made fo lafting impreffions
upon their minds, that the tradition of the old deluge was
mightily obfcured, and the circumftances of it interwoven
and confounded with thofe of thefe later deluges. Woodward.
I was mightily pleafed with a ftory applicable to this piece
of philofophy. Spectator, N°. 578.’
Mi'ghtiness. n.f. [from mighty.] Power; greatnefs; height
of dignity.
Think you fee them great.
And follow’d with gen’ral throng and fweat
Of thoufand friends; then in a moment fee,
. How foon this mightinefs meets mifery ! Shak. Henry VIII.
Will’t pleafe your mightinefs to walh your hands ? Shak.
Mi'ghty. adj. [from might.]
1. Powerful ; ftrong.
Nimrod began to be a mighty one in the earth. Gen. x. 8.
Great is truth, and mighty above all things. 1 Efd. iv. 41.
He is wife in heart and mighty in ftrength. Job ii. 1,
2. Excellent, or powerful in any adt.
'Fhe mighty mafter fmil’d. Dryden.
Mi'ghty. adv. In a great degree. Not to be ufed but in
very low language.
Lord of his new hypothefis he reigns :
He reigns ; How long ? Till fome ulurper rife.
And he too mighty thoughtful, mighty wile:
Studies new lines. Prior.
Migra'tion. n.f. [migratio, migre, I at.] Act of changing
place.
Ariftotle
1
U M I I, I L
.!
Aridotle didinguiflieth their times of generation, latitancy,
and migration, fanity, and venation. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Although fuch alterations, tranfitions, migrations of the
centre of gravity, and elevations of new iflands, had a&ually
happened,^ yet thefe (hells could never have been repofed
thereby in the manner we find them. Woodward's Nat. Hift.
Milch, adj. [from milk.] Giving milk.
Herne doth, at dill of midnight,
Walk round about an oak, with ragged horns ;
And then he blafis the tree, and takes the cattle.
And makes milch kine yield blood. Shakcfpeare.
When (lie law Pyrrhus make malicious fport.
In mincing with his fword her hufband’s limbs,
The indant burd of clamour that (he made,
Would have made milch the burning eyes of heav’n. Shah.
The bed mixtures of water in ponds for cattle, to make
them more milch, fatten, or keep them from murrain, may
be chalk and nitre. Bacon's Nat. Hift. N°. 77^*
Not above fifty-one have been darved, excepting infants
at nurfe, caufed rather by carelednefs and infirmity of the
jnilch women. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
With the turneps they feed (heep, milch-cows, or fatting
cattle. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
MILD. adj. [milo, Saxon.]
1. Kind; tender; good; indulgent; merciful; compaffionate;
clement; foft; not fev'ere; not cruel.
The execution ofjudice is committed to his judges, which
is the feverer part; but the milder part, which is mercy, is
wholly left in the king. Bacons Advice to Villiers.
If that mild and gentle god thou be.
Who dod mankind below with pity fee. Dryden.
It teaches us to adore him as a mild and merciful being, of
infinite love to his creatures. Rogers's Sermons.
2. Soft; gentle; not violent.
The roly morn refigns her light.
And milder glory to the noon. Waller.
Nothing referv’d or fullen was to fee,
But fweet regards, and pleafing fan&ity ;
Mild was his accent, and his addon free. Dryden
Sylvia’s like autumn ripe, yet mild as May, .
More bright than noon, yet frefli as early day. Pope. *
The folding gates diffus’d a diver light,
And with a milder gleam refrefh’d the fight. Addifon.
3. Not acrid; not corrofive; not acrimonious; demulcent;
afiuafive ; mollifying ; lenitive.
Their qualities are changed by tendering them acrimonious
or mild. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
4. Not (harp; mellow; fweet; having no mixture of acidity.
The Irifh were tranfplanted from the woods and mountains
into the plains, that, like fruit trees, they might grow the
milder, and bear the better and fweeter fruit. Davies.
Suppofe your eyes fent equal rays
Upon two didant pots of ale.
Not knowing which was mild or dale. Prior.
Mi'ldernax. n.f. Cannabum nauticum. Ainf.
Mi'ldew. n.f. [milbeape, Saxon.]
Mildew is a difeafe that happens in plants, and is caufed
by a dewy moidure which falls on them, and continuing, for
want of the fun’s heat, to draw it up, by its acrimony cor¬
rodes, gnaws, and fpoils, the inmod fubdance of the plant,
and hinders the circulation of the nutritive fap ; upon which
the leaves begin to fade, and the blodoms and fruit are much
prejudiced : or, mildew is rather a concrete fubdance, which
exfudes through the pores of the leaves. What the garden¬
ers commonly call mildew is an infeed, which is frequently
found in great plenty, preying upon this exfudation. Others
fay, that mildew is a thick, clammy vapour, exhaled in the
Spring and Summer from the plants, blodoms, and even the
earth itfelf, in clofe, dill weather, where there is neither fun
enough to draw it upwards to any confiderable height, nor wind
of force drong enough to difperfe it: it condenfes and falls on
plants, and with its thick, clammy fijbdance dops the pores, and
by that meansprevents perfpiration. Miller thinksthe truecaufe
of the mildew appearing mod upon plants which are expofed
to the Lad, is a dry temperature in the air when the wind
blows from that point, which dops the pores of the plants, and
prevents their perfpiration; whereby the juices of the plants
are concreted upon the furface of their leaves, which being
of a fweetidi nature, infeeds are indeed thereto, where find¬
ing proper nutriment they depofite their eggs, and multiply
fo fad as to cover the whole furfaces of the plants, and, by
corroding the veiled, prevent the motion of the fap. It is
obfervable, that whenever a tree has been greatly adecled by
this ?nildcw, it feldom recovers it in two or three years, and
many times never is intirely clear from it after. Hill.
Down fell the mildew of his fugred words. Fairfax.
The mildew cometh by clofenefs 6f air ; and therefore in
hills, or champain grounds, it feldom cometh. Bacon.
Soon blading mildews black’ned all the grain. Dryden.
To MFldew. v. a. To taint with mildew.
Here is your hufband, like a mildew'd ear,
Blading his wholefome brother. Shakcfp. Hamlet.
He mildews the white wheat, and hurts the poor creatures
of the earth. .Shakefp. King Lear..
Morals fnatch from Plutarch’s tatter’d page,
A mildew'd Bacon, or Stagyra’s fage. Gay's Trivia.
Mi'ldly. adv. [from mild.]
1. Tenderly; not feverely.
Prince, too mildly reigning,
Ceafe thy forrow and complaining. Dryden.
2. Gently; not violently.
The air once heated maketh the flame burn more mildly,
and fo helpeth the continuance. Bacon s Nat. FUJI. NQ. 375.
Mi'ldness. n.f. [from mild.]
X. Gentlenefs; tendernefs ; mercy; clemency.
This milky gentlenefs and courfe of yours ;
You are much more at talk for want of wifdom,
Than prais’d for harmful mildnefs. Shakefp. King Lear.
The fame majedick mildnefs held its place;
Nor lod the monarch in his dying face. Drydem
His probity and mildnefs (hows
His care of friends and fcorn of foes. Addifon.
I faw with what a brow you brav’d your fate;
Yet with what mildnefs bore your father’s hate. Dryden.
2. Contrariety to acrimony.
Mile. n.f. [millepajjus, Latin.] The ufual meafure of roads
in England, one thouland feven hundred and lixty yards, or,
five thoufand two hundred and eighty feet.
We mud meafure twenty miles to-day. Shakefpeare.
Within this three mile may you fee it coming,
A moving grove. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
When the enemy appeared, the foot and artillery was four
miles behind. Clarendon, b. ii.
Millions of miles, fo rapid is their race,
To cheer the earth they in few moments pafs. Blachnore.
Milestone, n.f. {mile and_/?one.] Stone let to mark the
miles.
MPlfoil. n.f. [,millefolium, Latin.] A plant, the fame with
yarrow.
Milfoil and honey-fuckles pound,
With thefe alluring favours drew the ground. Dryden.
Mi'liary. adj. {milium millet, Latin; miliaire, Fr.] Small;
refembrling a millet feed.
The fcarf-fkin is compofed of fmall feales, between which
the excretory ducts of the miliary glands open. Cheyne.
Mi'liaryfever. A fever that produces fmall eruptions.
MI'LICE. n.f. [French.] Standing force. A word innovated
by Temple, but unworthy of reception.
The two-and-twentieth of the prince’s age is the time affigned by their conditutions for his entering upon the publick
charges of their milice. Temple's Mifcel.
Mi'LlTANT. adj. {militant, Latin; militante, Fr.]
1. Fighting; profecuting the bufinefs of a foldier.
Againd foul fiends they aid us militant;
They for us fight; they watch and duly ward,
And their bright fquadrons round about us plant. Fa.
2. Engaged in warfare with hell and the world. A term ap¬
plied to the church of Chrid on earth, as oppofed to the
church triumphant.
Then are the publick duties of religion bed ordered, when
the militant church doth refemble, by fenfible means, that
hidden dignity and glory w'herewith the church triumphant
in heaven is beautified. Hooker, b. v.
The date of a Chridian in this world is frequently com¬
pared to a warfare : and this allufion has appeared fo jud,
that the charatder of militant has obtained as the common didindlion of that part of Chrid’s church fojourning here in
this world from that part of the family at red. Rogers.
Mi'litar. 1 adj. [;militaris, Latin; militaire, Fr. Miliiar
Military. 3 is now wholly out of ufe.]
1. Engaged in the life of a foldier; foldierly.
In the time of Severus and Antoninus, many, being foldiers, had been converted unto Chrid, and notwithdanding
continued dill in that military courfe of life. Hooker, bVh.
He will maintain his argument as well as any military man
in the world. Shakejp. Henry V.
2. Suiting a foldier; pertaining to a foldier ; warlike.
Although he were a prince in militar virtue approved, yet;
Iris cruelties weighed down his virtues. Bacon's Henry VII.
Numbers numberlefs
' The city gates out-pour’d, light-armed troops
In coats of mail and military pride. Milton's Par. Reg.
The wreaths his grandfire knew to reap
By aedive toil, and military fweat,
Pining incline their lickly leaves. Prior.
3. Etfedted by foldiers.
He was with general applaufe, and great cries ofjoy, in a
kind of militar election or recognition, laluted king. Bacon.
MILITIA,
M I L M I L
TIA. n.f [Latin.] The trainbands; the (landing force
of a nation.
Let any prince think foberly of his forces, except his mi¬
litia bt good and valiant foldiers. Bacon's EJJ'ays, N°. 30.
I he militia was fo fettled by law, that a l'udden army
could be drawn together. Clarendon.
Unnumbered fpirits round thee fly,
T he light militia of the lower fky. Pope's Rape ofthe Lock.
MILK. n.f. [meelc, Saxon; melck, Dutch.]
1. T he liquor with which animals feed their young from the
bread. 7 0
Come to my woman’s breads,
And take my milk for gall, you murthering minifters !
Where-ever in your fightlefs fubdances
You wait on nature’s mifehief. Shakefp. Macbeth.
I fear thy nature,
It is too full o’ th’ milk of human kindnefs
To catch the neared way. Shakefp. King Lear.
Milk is the occafion of many tumours of divers kinds.
JVifeman's Surgery.
When milk is dry’d with heat,
In vain the milkmaid tugs an empty teat. Dryden.
I concluded, if the gout continued, to confine myfelf
wholly to the milk diet. Temple's Mifcel.
Broths and wz/7Gmeats are windy to ftomachs troubled with
acid ferments. Floyer on the Humours.
2. Emulfion made by contufion of feeds.
Pidachoes, fo they be good and not mudy, joined with
almonds in almond milk, or made into a milk of themlelves,
like unto almond milk, are an excellent nourifher. Bacon.
To Milk. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To draw milk from the bread by the hand.
Capacious chargers all around were laid
Full pails, and veflels of the milking trade. Pope's OdyJJey.
2. To fuck.
I have given fuck, and know
How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me. Shakefp.
Mi/lken. adj. [from milk.'] Confiding of milk.
The remedies are to be propofed from a condant courfe of
the milken diet, continued at lead a year. Temple.
Mi'lker. n.f. [from milk.] One that milks animals.
His kine with fwelling udders ready dand.
And lowing for the pail invite the milker's hand. Dryden.
Mi'lkiness. n.f. [from milky.] Softnefs like that of milk;
approach to the nature of milk.
Would I could fhare thy balmy, even temper.
And milkinefs of blood. Dryden's Cleomencs.
The faltnefs and oylinefs of the blood absorbing the acid
of the chyle, it lofes its milkinefs. Floyer on the Humours.
Mi'lklivered. adj. [milk and liver.] Cowardly ; timorous ;
faint-hearted.
Milkliverecl man !
That bear’d a cheek for blows, a head for wrongs. Shak.
Mi'lkmaid. n.f. [milk and maid.] Woman employed in the
dairy.
When milk is dry with heat.
In vain the milkmaid tugs an empty teat. Dryden's Virg.
A lovely milkmaid he began to regard with an eye of
mercy. Acldifoiis Freeholder, N°. 44.
Milkman, n.f. [milk and man.] A man who fells milk.
-Mi'lkpail. n.f. [milk and pail.] Veflel into which cows are
milked.
That very fubdance which lad week was grazing in the
field, waving in the milkpail, or growing in the garden, is
now become part of the man. JVatts's Impr. of the Mind.
Mi'lkpan. n.f. [milk znd pan.] Veflel in which milk is kept
in the dairy.
Sir Fulke Grevil had much and private accefs to Queen
Elizabeth, and did many men good ; yet he would fay mer¬
rily of himfelf, that he was like Robin Gcodfellow ; for
when the maids fpilt the milkpans, or kept any racket, they
would lay it upon Robin : fo what tales the ladies about the
queen told her, or other bad offices that they did, they would
put it upon him. Bacon's Apophth.
Milkpo'ttage. n.f. [milk and pottage.] Food made by boil¬
ing milk with water and oatmeal.
For breakfad and iupper, milk and milkpottage are very fit
for children. Locke.
MFlkscore. n.f. [milk and fore.] Account of milk owed
for, fcored on a board.
He ordered the lord high treafurer to pay off the debts of
the crown, particularly a milkfeore of three years danding.
Addifon s Freeho der, N . 36.
He is better acquainted with the milkfeore than his deward’s
accounts. Addifon's Spefl. N°. 482.
MFlksop. n. f. [milk and fop.] A foft, mild, effeminate, fee¬
ble-minded man.
Of a mod notorious thief, which lived all his life-time of
fpoils, one of their bards in his praife will fay, that he was
none of the idle milkfops that was brought up by the lire-fide,
7
but that mod of his days he fpent in arms, and that he did
never eat his meat before he had won it with his fword,
Spenfer on Ireland.
A milkfop, one that never in his life
Felt fo much cold as over fhoes in fnow. Shak. Rich. III.
We have as good paffions as yourlelf; and a woman was
never defigned to be a milkfop. Addifon's Spell.
But give him port and potent fack;
From milkfop he darts up mohack. Prior.
Mi'lktooth. n.f [milk and tooth.]
AAilkteeth are thofe fmall teeth which come forth before
When a foal is about three months old, and which he begins
to cad about two years and a half after, in the fame order as
they grew. Farrier s Dill.
Mi'lkthistle. n.f. [milk and thijlle: plants that have a white
juice are named milky.] An herb.
Mi'lktrefoil. n.f. An herb.
Mi'lkvetch, n.f. [afragalus, Latin.]
The milkvetch hath a papilionaceous flower, confiding of
the dandard, the keel, and the wings ; out of the flower-cup
arifes the pointal covered with a dieath, which becomes a bicapfular pod filled with kidney-fhapCd feeds : the leaves grow
by pairs along the middle rib, with an odd one at the end.
AAiller.
Milkweed, n.f [milk and wood.] A plant.
Mi'lkwhite. adj. [milk and white.] White as milk. .
She a black fillc cap on him begun
To fet, for foil of his milkwhite to ferve. Sidney.
Then will I raife aloft the milkwhite rofe.
With whofe fweet ffnell the air fliall be perfum’d. Shakefp.
Where the bull and cow are both milkivbite,
They never do beget a cole-black calf. Shakefpeare.
The bolt of Cupid fell.
It fell upon a little wedern flower;
Before milkzvhite, now purple with love’s wound ;
And maidens call it love in idlenefs. Shakefpeare.
A milkivhite goat for you I did provide ;
Two milkwhite kids run frifking by her fide. Dryden.
Mi'lkwort. n.f. [milk and wort.]
Milkwort is a bell-lhaped flower, confiding of one leaf,
whofe brims are expanded, and cut into feveral fegments;
from the centre arifes the pointal, which afterward becomes
a round fruit or hulk, opening from the top downwards, and
filled with fmall feeds. Miller.
Milkwoman. n.J. [milk and woman.] A woman whofe bufinefs is to ferve families with mil,k.
Even your milkwoman and your nurfery-maid have a fel¬
low-feeling. Arbuthnot's Hijl. of John Bull.
Milky, adj. [from milk.]
1. Made of milk.
2. Refembling milk.
Not tadeful herbs that in thefe gardens rife,
Which the kind foil with milky fap fupplies,
Can move the god.
Some plants upon breaking their veflels yield a
Arbuthnot
3. Yielding milk.
Perhaps my paffion he difdains.
And courts the milky mothers of the plains.
4. Soft; gentle ; tender; timorous.
Has friendflfip fuch a faint and milky heart,
It turns in lefs than two nights.
This milky gentlenefs and courfe of yours.
You are much more at talk for want of wifdom.
Than prais’d for harmful mildnefs. Shakefp. King Lear:
Milky-way. n. f. [milky and way.] The galaxy.
The milky-way, or via ladtea, is a broad white path or track,
encompaffing the whole heavens, and extending itfelf in fome
places with a double path, but for the mod part with a iino-le
one. Some of the ancients, as Aridotle, imagined that this
path confided only of a certain exhalation hanging in the air;
but, by the telefcopical obfervations of this age, ?t hath been
difeovered to confilt of an innumerable quantity of fixed liars,
different in fituation and magnitude, from the confufed mix¬
ture of whofe light its whole colour is fuppofed to be occafioned. It pafles through the condellations of Caffiopeia,
Cygiius, Aquila, leilcus, Andromeda, part of Ophiucus and.
Gemini, in the northern hemifphere ; and in the louthern it
takes in part of Scorpio, Sagittarius, Centaurus, the Argo
Navis and the Ara. 1 he galaxy hath ufually been the re¬
gion in which new dars have appeared ; as that in Caffiopeia,
which was feen in A. D. 1572; that in the bread of the
Swan, and another in the knee of Serpentarius; which have
appeared for a while, and then become invifible again. Harris.
Nor need we with a prying eye furvey
The dillant Ikies to find the milky-way:
It forcibly intrudes upon our fight. Creech's Manilius.
How many liars there muif: be, a naked eye may give us
fome faint glimpfe, but much more a good telefcope, directed
towards that region of the iky called the milky-way. Cheyne.
Pope,
milky juice.
on Aliments.
Rofcopinion.
Shakefpeare.
MILL.
M I L M I M
MILL. n.f. f^uXri; thola, Lat. Wm, Welfh; myln, Satfon;
moulin, Fr. molen, Dutch.] An engine or fabrick in which
corn is around to meal, or any other body is comminuted.
The table, and we about it, did all turn round by water
Which ran under, and carried it about as a mill. Sidney.
More water glideth by the mill
Than wots the miller of. Shakefp. Titus Anclronicus.
Olives ground in mills their fatnefs boaft. Dryden.
A miller had his arm and fcapula torn from his body by a
rope twilled round his wrift, and fuddenly drawn up by the
mill. Sharp's Surgery.
To Mill. v. a. [from the noun; [xvxEv; mila, Iflandick.J
I. To grind; to comminute.
£. To beat up chocolate.
3. To ftamp coin in the mints.
It would be better for your milled medals, if they Carried
the whole legend on their edges ; but at the fame time that
they are lettered on the edges, they have other infcriptions on
the face and the reverfe. Addifon.
Wood’s halfpence are not milled, and therefore more eafily
counterfeited. Swift.
Mi'll-cog. n.f. [mill and cog.] The denticulations on the
circumference of wheels, by which they lock into other
wheels.
The timber is ufeful for mill-cogs, Alortimer's Hufbandry.
Mi'LL-Dam. n.f. [mill and dam.] The mound, by which the
water is kept up to raife it for the mill.
A layer of lime and of earth is a great advantage in the
making heads of ponds and mill-dams. Mortimer.
Mi'll-horse. n.f. Horfe that turns a mill.
His impreffa was a mill-horfe, ftill bound to go in one circle.
Sidney, b. ii.
Millmo'untains. n.f. An herb. AinJ.
Mi'll-teetii. n.f. [mill and teeth.] The grinders; dentes
molares, double teeth.
The beft inftruments for cracking bones and nuts are
grinders or mill-teeth. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Millena'rian. n.f. [from milleHarius, Lat. millenaire, Fr.]
One who experts the millennium.
Millenary. adj. [millenaire, Fr. millinariiis, Latin.] Conlifting of a thoufand.
The millenary feftertium, in good manufcripts, is marked
with a line crols the top thus HS. . Arbuthnot on Coins.
Mi'LlENIST. n.f. [from milky Lat.J One that holds the mil¬
lennium.
MILLENNIUM, n.f. [Latin.] A thoufand years; generally
taken for the tholifand years, during which, according to an
ancient tradition in the church, grounded on a doubtful text
in the Apocalypfe, our bleffed Saviour fhall reign with the
faithful upon earth after the refurreilion, before the final com¬
pletion of beatitude.
We mud give a full account of that ftate called the millen¬
nium. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Millennial, adj. [from millennium, Lat.] Pertaining to the
millennium;
To be kings and priefts unto God, is the charaileriftick
of thofe that are to enjoy the millennial happinefs. Burnet.
Millepedes, n.f [millepieds, French; milie and pes, Latin.]
Wood-lice, fo called from their numerous feet.
If pheafants and partridge are Tick give them millepedes
and earwigs, which will cure them. Mortimer's Hufbahdry.
Mi'ller. n.f. [from mill.] One who attends a mill.
More water glideth by the mill
'Than Wots the miller of. Shakefpcare.
Gillius, who made enquiry of millers who dwelt upon its
Ihore, received anfwer, that the Luripus ebbed and flowed
four times a day. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. vii.
Mi'ller. n.f. A fly. Ainf.
Miller’s-thumb. n.f. [miller and thumb.] A fmall fifh found
in brooks, called likewife a bulhead.
Millesimal, adj. [millefimus, Latin.] Thoufandth; confifting of thoufandth parts.
T» give the fquare root of the number two, he laboured
long in millefmal fractions, till he confeffed there was no end.
Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Mi'llet. n.f. [milium, Lat. mil and millet, Fr.]
1. A plant*
I he millet hath a loofe divided panicle, and each fingle
flower bath a calyx, confifting of two leaves, which are inftcad of petals, to protect the ftamina and piftillum of the
flower, which afterwards becomes an oval, fhlning feed.
This plant was originally brought from the eaftern countries,
where it is ftill greatly cultivated, from whence we are an¬
nually furniftied with this grain, which is by many perfons
much efteemed for puddings. Miller.
In two ranks of cavities is placed a roundifh ftudd, about
the bignefs of a grain of millet. Woodward on Foffils.
Millet is diarrhetick, cleanfing, and ufeful, in difeafes of
the kidneys. 1 Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. A kind of fifh.
Some fifli are gutted, fplit, and kept in pickle ; as whit¬
ing, mackerel, millet. Carevfs Survey ofCornwall.
Mi'lliner, n.f. [I believe from Milancr, an inhabitant (T
Milan, as a Lombard is a banker.J One who fells ribands
and dreffes for women.
He was perfumed like a milliner;
And, ’twixt his finger and his thumb, he held
A pouncet box, which ever and anon
He gave his nofe. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. i.
The mercers and milliners complain of her want of publick fpirit. < Tatler, N 52.
Mi'llion. n. f. [million, Fr. milliogne, Italian.]
1. The number of an hundred myriads, or ten hundred thoufand.
Within thine eyes fat twenty thoufand deaths.
In thy hands clutch’d as many millions, in
Thy lying tongue both numbers. Shakefpeare,
2. A proverbial name for any very great number.
That the three angles of a triangle are equal to two right
ones, is a truth more evident than many of thofe propofitions
that go for principles ; and yet there are millions who know
not this at all. Locke.
There are millions of truths that a man is not concerned to
know. Locke,
She found the polifh’d glafs, whofe fmall Convex
Enlarges to ten millions of degrees
The mite, inviftble elfe. Philips\
Midft thy own flock, great fhepherd, be receiv’d ;
And glad all heav’n with millions thou haft fav’d. Prior.
Mi'llionth. adj. [from million.] The ten hundred thoufandth.
The firffc embrion of an ant is fuppofed to be as big as that
of an elephant; which neverthelefs can never arrive to the
millionth part of the other’s bulk. Bentley's Sermons.
Mi'llstone. n. f. [mill andJloite.] The ftone by which corn
is comminuted. 1
No man fhall take the nether or the upper milljlone to
pledge. Deut. xxiv. 6.
/Flop's beafts faw farther into a milljlone than our mobile.
EEfrange's Fables.
Milt. n.f. [mildt, Dutch.]
1. The fperm of the male ftfti.
You fhall lcarce take a carp without a melt, or a female
without a roe or fpawn. Walton's Angler*
2. [Milt, Saxon.] The fpleen.
To Milt. v. a. [from the noun.] To impregnate the roe or
fpawn of the female fifh.
Milter, n. f. [from milt.] The he of any fifh, the fhe being
called fpawner.
The fpawner and milter labour to cover their fpawn with
hand. Walton's Angler.
Mi'ltwort. n.f. An herb. Ainf
MIME. n.f. [mime, Fr. mimus, Latin.] A buffoon
Who pra&ifes gefticulations, either reprefentative of fome
adlioil, or merely Contrived to raife mirth;
Think’ft thou, mime, this is great ? Benj. JoJmfon*
To Mime. v. n. To play the mime.
Think’ft: thou, mime, this is great ? or that they ftrive
Whofe noife fhall keep thy miming moft alive,
Whilft thou doft raife fome player from the grave,
Out-danee the babion, or out-boaft the brave. B. Johnfon*
Mi'mer. n.f. [from mime.] A mimick ; a buffoon.
Jugglers and dancers, anticks, mummers, mimers.
Milton's Samfon AgoniJlesK
Mi'mical. adj. [mimicus, Latin.] Imitative; befitting a mi¬
mick ; ailing the mimick.
Man is of all creatures the moft mimical in geftures, ftyles,
fpeech, fafhion, or accents. Wotton on Education.
A mimical daw would needs try the fame experiment; but
his claws were fhackled. L'Efirange's Fables.
Singers and dancers entertained the people with light fortgs
and mimical geftures, that they might not go away melancholy
from ferious pieces of the theatre. Dryden's Juvenal,\
Mimic ally. adv. [from mimical.] In imitation; in a mimi¬
cal manner.
Mi'iViick. n.f [mimicus, Latin.]
1. A ludicrous imitator; a buffoon \Vho copies another’s ail or
manner fo as to excite laughter.
Like poor Andrew I advance,
Falfe mimick of my mailer’s dance :
Around the cord a while I fprawl,
And thence, though flow, in earneft fall. Prior.
2. A mean or fervile imitator.
Of France the mimick, and of Spain the prey. Anon.
Mi'mick. adj. [mimicus, Latin.] Imitative.
The buly head with mimick art runs o’er
The feenes and ailions of the day before. Slvift's Mifcel.
To Mi'mick. v. a. [from the noun.] To imitate as a buffoon;
to ridicule by a burlefque imitation.
Morpheus exprcls’d
The fhape of man, and imitated beft ;
The walk, the words, the gefture, could fupply,
The habit mimick, and the mien belye. " Dryden.
Who wou’d with care fome happy ftilion frame;
So mimicks truth, it looks the very fame. Granville.
16 M Mr MICKRY.
MI N MIN
Mi'mickry. n. f. [from mimick.] Burlefque imitation.
By an excellent faculty in mimickry, my corrcfpondent tells
me he can afTume my air, and give my taciturnity a flynefs
which diverts more than any thing I could fay. Spectator.
Mimo'grapher, n.f [mimus and ypcZ(pu.] A writer of farces.
Diet,
Mina'ciouss adji [minax, Lat.] Full of threats.
Mina'city. n.f [from minax, Latin.] Difpofition to ufe
threats.
Mi'naTory. adj. [minor, Latin.] Threatening.
The king made a ftatute monitory and minatory, towards
juftices of peace, that they fhould duly execute their office,
inviting complaints againft them. Bacon s Henry VII.
TJo Mince, v. a. [contracted, as it feems, from minijh, or
from mincer ; mince, French, fmall.]
1. To cut into very fmall parts.
She faw Pyrrhus make malicious fp®rt.
In mincing with his fword her hufband’s limbs. Shakefp,
With a good chopping-knife mince the two capons as fmall
as ordinary minced meat. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
What means the fervice of the church fo imperfectly, and
by halves, read over? What makes them mince and mangle
that in their practice, which they could fwallow whole in their
fubfcriptions ? South's Sermons.
Revive the wits;
But murder firft, and mince them all to bits. Dunciad.
2. To mention any thing fcrupuloufly, by a little at a time 5 to
palliate; to extenuate.
I know no ways to mince it in love, but direCtly to fay I
love you. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Think it a baftard, whom the oracle
Hath doubtfully pronounced thy throat fhall cut.
And mince it. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Behold yon fimpering dame, whofe face between her forks
prefages fnow ; that minces virtue, and does fhake the head
to hear of pleafure’s name. Shakefp. King Lear.
Iago,
Thy honefty and love doth mince this matter.
Making it light tc Caffio. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Thefe gifts.
Saving your mincing, the capacity
Of your foft cheveril confcience would receive,
If you might pleafe to ftretch it. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Fll try to force you to your duty :
For fo it is, howe’er you mince it*
Ere we part, I fhall evince it. Hudibras, p. ii.
Siren ; now mince the fm,
And mollify damnation with a phrafe.
Say you confented not to Sancho’s death.
But barely not forbade it. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
If, to mince his meaning, I had either omitted fome part
of what he faid, or taken from the ftrength of his expreffion,
I certainly had wronged him. Dryden.
Thefe, feeing no where water enough to effect a general
deluge, were forced to mince the matter, and make only a
partial one of it, retraining it to Aha. Woodward.
To Mince, v. n.
j. To walk nicely by fhort Heps; to aCt with appearance of
fcrupuloufnefs and delicacy ; to affeCt nicety.
By her fide did fit the bold Sanfloy,
' Fit mate for fuch a mincing minion.
Who in her loofenefs took exceeding joy. Fairy Ehtccn.
I’ll turn two mincing fteps
Into a manly ftride, Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
A harlot form foft Aiding by,
With mincing ftep, fmall voice, and languid eye. Dunciad.
2. To fpeak fmall and imperfectly.
The reeve, miller, and cook, are as much diftinguifhed
from each other, as the mincing lady priorefs and the broadfpeaking wife of Bath. Dryclen's Fables.
Mi'ncingly. adv. [from mince.] In fmall parts ; not fully.
Juftice requireth nothing mincingly, but all with prefled,
and heaped, and even over-enlarged meafure. Hooker, b. i.
MIND, n.f [^eminb, Saxon.]
I, The intelligent power.
I am a very foolifh, fond old man;
I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shakefp. King Lear.
This word being often ufed for the foul giving life, is at¬
tributed abufively to madmen, when we fay that they are of
a diftradted mind, inftead of a broken undemanding : which
word, mind, we ufe alfo for opinion; as, I am of this or
that mind: and fometimes for mens conditions or virtues ;
as, he is of an honeft mind, or a man of a juft mind: fome¬
times for affection ; as, I do this for my mind's fake : fome¬
times for the knowledge of principles, which we have with¬
out difeourfe : oftentimes for fpirits, angels, and intelligences:
but as it is ufed in the proper fignification, including both the
underftanding agent and paffible, it is deferibed to be a pure,
fimple, fubftantial act, not depending upon matter, but having
relation to that which is intelligible, as to his firft object: or
more at large thus; a part or particle of the foul, whereby it *
doth understand, not depending upon matter, nor needing
any organ, free from paffion coming from without, and apt
to be diffevered as eternal from that which is mortal. Raleigh.
2. Liking; choice; inclination; propenflon ; affection.
Our queftion is, whether all be ftn which is done without
direction by feripture, and not whether the Ifraelites did
at any time amifs, by following their own minds without afking counfel of God. Hooker, b. ii.
We will conflder of your fuit:
And come fome other time to know our mind. Shakefpeare.
Being fo hard to me that brought your mind,
I fear file’ll prove as hard to you in telling'her mind.
Shakefpeare.
I will have nothing elfe but only this;
And now m'ethinks 1 have a mind to it. Shakefpeare.
Be of the fame mind one towards another. Rom. xii. 16.
Haft thou a wife after thy mind? forfake her not. Eccluf.
They had a mind to French Britain; but they have let fall
their bit. Bacon's War with Spain-.
Sudden mind arofe
In Adam, not to let th’ occafton pals,
Given him by this great conference, to know
Of things above this world. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. Vn
Waller coafted on the other fide of the river, but at fuch
a diftance that he had no mind to be engaged. Clarendon.
He had a great mind to do it. Clarendon.
All the arguments to a good life will be very inftgnificant
to a man that hath a mind to be wicked, when remillion of
fins may be had upon fuch cheap terms. Tillotfcn's Sermons.
Suppofe that after eight years peace he hath a mind to in¬
fringe any of his treaties, or invade a neighbouring ftate,
what oppofition can we make ? AddiJ'on.
3. Thoughts; fentiments.
Th’ ambiguous god.
In thefe myfterious words, his mind expreft,
Some truths reveal’d, in terms involv’d the reft. Dryden.
4. Opinion.
The earth was not of my mind.
If you fuppofe as fearing you, it fhook. Shakefpeare.
Thefe men are of the mind, that they have clearer ideas
of infinite duration than of infinite fpace, becaufe God has
exifted from all eternity; but there is no real matter coex¬
tended with, infinite fpace. Locke.
The gods permitting traitors to fucceed, .
Become not parties in an impious deed ;
And, by the tyrant’s murder, we may find.
That Cato and the gods were of a mind. Granville.-
5. Memory ; remembrancy.
The icing knows their difpofition ; a fmall touch will put
him in mind of them. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
When he brings
Over the earth a cloud, will therein fet
His triple-coloured bow, whereon to look;
And call to mind his covenant. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xi.
Thefe, and more than I to mind can bring,
Menalcas has not yet forgot to fing. Dryden.
The cavern’s mouth alone was hard to find,
Becaufe the path difus’d was out of mind. Dryden.
They will put him in mind of his own waking thoughts,
ere thefe dreams had as yet made their impreffions on his
fancy. Atterbury s Sermons.
A wholefome law time out of mind;
Had been confirm’d by fate’s decree. Swift's Mifcel.
To Mind. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To mark ; to attend.
His mournful plight is fwallowed up unwares,
Forgetful of his own that minds another’s cares. Fa. jft.
Not then miftruft, but tender love injoins,
That I fhould mind thee oft; and mind thou me ! Milton.
If, in the raving of a frantick mufe,
And minding more his verfes than his way.
Any of thefe fhould drop into a well. Rofcommon.
Ceafe to requeft me ; let us mind our way ;
Another fong requires another day. Dryden.
He is daily called upon by the word, the minifters, and
inward fuggeftions of the holy fpirit, to attend to thofe profpefis, and mind the things that belong to his peace. Rogers.
2. To put in mind ; to remind.
Let me be punifhed, that have minded you
Of what you fhould forget. Shakefp. JVintcr s Vale.
I defire to mind thofe perfons of what Saint Auftin hath
faid. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
This minds me of a cobbling colonel of famous memory.
L'EJlrange.
I fhall only mind him, that the contrary fuppoiition, if it
could be proved, is of little ufe. Locke.
To Mi nd. v. n. To incline ; to be difpofed.
When one of them rnindeth to go into rebellion, he will
convey away all his lordfhips to feoffees in truft. Spenjer.
Mi'nded.
M I N min
Mended, adji [from mind.] Difpofed ; inclined ; affe&cd,
We come to know
How you ftand minded in the weighty difference
Between the king and you. Sbakejp. Henry VIII.
Whofe fellowflfip therefore unmeet for thee.
Good reafon was thou freely fhould’ft difiike,
And be fo minded ffill. Milton's Par. Loft, b. viii.
If men were minded to live virtuoufly, to believe a God
would be no hindrance to any fuch defign, but very much for
its advancement. Tillotjon’s Sermons.
Pyrrhus is nobly minded; and I fain
Would live to thank him. Philips.
Mi'ndful. adj. [mind and full.'] Attentive; having memory.
I acknowledge the ufefulnefs of your directions, and I
promife you to be mindful of your admonitions. Hammond.
Mi'ndfully. adv. [from mindful.'] Attentively.
Mi'ndfulness. n. J. [from mindful.] Attention ; regard.
Mi'ndeess. adj. [from mind.]
1. Inattentive; regardlefs.
Curfed Athens, mindlefs of thy worth,
Forget now thy great deeds, when neighbour ftates.
But for thy fword and fortune, trod upon them. Shakefp.
As the ffrong eagle in the filent wood,
Mindlefs of warlike rage, and hoftile care.
Plays round the rocky cliff", or cryftal flood. Prior.
2. Not endued with a mind ; having no intellectual powers.
Pronounce thee a grofs lowt, a mindlefs Have,
Or tlfe a hovering temporizer. Shakefp. Winter's Pale.
God firft: made angels bodilefs, pure, minds;
Then other things, which mindlefs bodies be :
Laff, he made man. Davies.
Mind-stricken, adj. [mind andfricken.] Moved; affected
in his mind.
He had been fo rnind-frieken by the beauty of virtue in that
noble king, though not born his fubject, he ever profefled
himfelf his Servant.^ Sidney, b. ii.
Mine, pronoun pefleflive. [myn, Saxon; mein, German;
mien, French ; metis, Latin. It was anciently the practice
to ufe my before a confonant and mine before a vowel, which
euphony till requires to be obferved. Mine is always ufed
when, the fubftantive precedes : as, this is my cat; this cat is
mine.] Belonging to me.
The devil himfelf could not pronounce a title
More hateful to mine ear. Shakefpear's Macbeth.
Thou art a foul in blifs, but I am bound
Upon a wheel of fire ; that mine own tears
Do feald like molten lead. Shakefp. King Lear.
When a wife man gives thee better counfel, give me mine
again. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
If thou be’ft flain, and with no ftroke of mine.
My wife and children’s ghofts will haunt me ffill.
Shakefpeare.
A friend of mine is come to me, and I have nothing to
fet before him. Luke xi. 6.
T. hat palm is mine. Dryden..
Mine, n.f [mine, French; mwyn or mwn, Weifir, from maen
lapis, in the plural meini.]
1. A place or cavern in the earth which contains metals or mi¬
nerals.
Though ffreighter bounds your fortune did confine,
In your large heart was found a wealthy mine. Waller.
A workman, to avoid idlenels, worked in a groove or minepit thereabouts, which was little efteemed. Boyle.
A mine-digger may meet with a gem, which he knows not
What to make of. Boyle.
The heedlefs mine-man aims only at the obtaining a quan¬
tity of fuch a metal as may be vendible. Boyle.
2. A cavern dug under any fortification that it may fink for
want of fupport, or, in modern war, that powder may be
lodged in it, which being fired at a proper time, whatever is
over it may be blown up and deftroyed.
By what eclipfe lhall that fun be defac’d ?
What mine hath erff thrown down fo fair a tower ?
V.'hat lacrilege hath fuch a faint difgrac’d ? Sidney, b. ii.
Build up the walls of Jerufalcm, which you have broken
down, and fill up the mines that you have digged. Whitgift.
Others to a city ffrong
Lay liege, encamp’d ; by batt’ry, fcale and mine,
Aflaulting. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xi.
To Mine. v. n. [fiom the noun.] Fo dig mines or burrows ;
to form any hollow's underground.
The ranging ffork in ffately beeches dwells;
The climbing goats on hills lecurely feed ;
The mining coneys fhroud in rocky cells. Wotton.
Of this various matter the terreftrial globe confifts, from
its furface down to the greateff depth we ever dig or mine.
Woodward's Nat. Lift.
To Mine. v.a. Tofap; to ruin by mines; to deftroy by
flow degrees, or Secret means.
It will but ikin and film the ulcerous place,
While rank corruption mining all within,
Infeas unfeenr ° Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
They mined the walls, laid the powder, and rammed the
mouth; but the citizens made a countermine. Hayward,
, The flow fever mines the conftitution Bolingbroke.
Mi'ner. n.f. [mineur, Fr. from mine.]
1. One that digs for metals.
By me kings palaces are pufh’d to ground.
And miners crufh’d beneath their mines are found. Drylen.
2. One who makes military mines.
As the bombardeer levels his mifehief at cities, the miner
bufies himfelf in ruining private houfes. Tatler.
MI'NERAL. n.f. [minerals, Lat.] Foflile body; matter dug
out of mines. All metals are minerals, but all minerals are
not metals.
She did confefs, fhe had
For you a mortal mineral; which, being took.
Should by the minute feed on life, and liho-’ring
By inches wafte you. Shakefpeare?s Cymbeline.
... The minerals of the kingdom, of lead, iron, copper, and
tin, are of great value. _ Bacon's Advice to VHUers.
Part hidden veins digg’d up, nor hath this earth
Entrails unlike, of mineral and ftone. Milton's Par. Loft.
Minerals; nitre with vitriol; common fait with alum • and
/ulphur with vitriol. Woodward.
Mi neral. adj. Confifting of foflile bodies.
By experience upon bodies in any mine, a man may
conjecture at the metallick or mineral ingredients of any mafs
A/r ?Un<^ t*1Cre' Woodward's Nat. Hift.
Mi neralist. adj. [from mineral.] One fkilled or employed
in minerals. J
A mine-digger may meet with a gem or a mineral, which
he knows not what to make of till he fhews it a jeweller or
a minerHift. J je
The metals and minerals which are lodged in the perpen¬
dicular intervals do ffill grow, to fpeak in the mineral':ft's
phrafe, or receive additional increafe. Woodward.
Mineralogist, n.f. [rnineralogie, French; from mineral and
Ao}'©a] One who difeourfes on minerals.
Many authors deny it, and the exadeft mineraloftfts have
rejected it. . Brown's Vulgar Errcurs, b. ii.
Mineralogy, n.f. [from mineral and \Jy®>.] The do&rine
of minerals.
Mine'ver. n. f. A fkin with fpecks of white. A'nf
To MFNGLE. v. a. To mix; to join; to compound; to
unite with fomething fo as to make one mafs.
Wo unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men
of ffrength to mingle ffrong drink. Ifat v. 22.
Lament with me ! with me your Sorrows join,
And minfte your united tears with mine ! ’ Waljh.
The beft of us appear contented with a mingled, imperfect
_ Rogers's Sermons.-
(Jur lex, our kindred, our houfes, and our very names,
we are ready to mingle with ourfelves, and cannot bear to
have others think meanly of them. Watts's Logick.
He wooes the bird of Jove
To mingle woes with his. Thomfons Spring, l. 1025.
To Mi'ngle. v. n. To be mixed ; to be united with.
Ourfelf will mingle with Society,
And play the humble hoft. Shakefpeare's Macbeath.
Alcimus had defiled himfelf wilfully in the times of their
mingling with the Gentiles. 2 Mac. xiv. 13.
Nor priefts, nor ftatefmen,
Could have completed fuch an ill as that,
If women had not mingled in the mifehief. Rowe.
She, when flic Saw her filler nymphs, fupprefs’d
Her riling fears, and mingled with the reft. Adaifon.
Mi'ngle. n.f. [from the verb.] Mixture; medley; confuled
mafs.
Trumpeters,
With brazen din blaft you the city’s ear.
Make mingle with our rattling tabourilies’. Shakefpeare
Neither can I defend my Spanilh Fryar; though the comi¬
cal parts are diverting, and the Serious moving, yet they are
of an unnatural mingle. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Mi'ngler. n.f. [from the verb.] He who mingles.
Mi'niature. n.f. [miniature, French.]
1. Repiefentation in a lmall compafs; representation lefs than
the reality.
The water, with twenty bubbles, not content to have the
picture of their face in large, would in each of thefe bubbles
fet forth the miniature of them. Sidney, b ii
If the ladies Should once take a liking to Such a diminutive
race, we Should fee mankind epitomized, and the whole Spe¬
cies in miniature: in order to keep our pofterity from dwin¬
dling, we have inftituted a tall club. Addifon's Guard
The hidden ways
Of nature would’ft thou know ? how firft {he frames
All things in miniature ? thy Specular orb
Apply to well difle&cd kernels: lo !
Strange forms arife, in each a little plant
Unfolds its boughs: obferve the flender threads
Of luff beginning trees, their roots, their leaves.
In narrow feeds deferib’d. Philips.
2. Gay
M I N M I N
2. Gay has improperly made it a fubftantive.
Here fha.ll the pencil bid its colours flow.
And make a miniature creation grow. Gay.
Mi'nikin. adj. i. Small; diminutive. Ufed in flight con¬
tempt.
Sleepeft, or wakeft thou* jolly fhepherd,
Thy flieep be in the corn;
And for one blaft of thy minikin mouth,
Thy fheep fhall take no harm. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Mi'nikin. n. f. A fmall fort of pins.
Mi'nim. n.f. [from minimus; Lat.J
1. A fmall being; a dwarf.
Not all
Minims of nature ; fome of ferpent-kind-,
Wond’rous in length, and corpulence, involv’d
Their fnaky folds, and added wings. Miltons Par. Lojl.
2. This word is applied, in the northern counties, to a fmall
fort of fifh, which they pronounce mennim. See Minnow.
MI'NIMUS. n.f. [Latin.] A being of the leaft fize.
Get you gone, you dwarf,
You minimus of hind’ring knot grafs made ;
You bead, you acorn. Shakefpeare.
Mi'nion. n.f. [mignon, French.] A favourite ; a darling; a
low dependant; one who pleafes rather than benefits. A
word of contempt, or of flight and familiar kindnefs.
Minion, faid fhe ; indeed I was a pretty one in thofe days;
I fee a number of lads that love you. Sidney, b. ii.
They were made great courtiers, and in the way of mi¬
nions, when advancement, the moft mortal offence to envy,
ffirred up their former friend to overthrow them. Sidney.
One, who had been a fpecial minion of Andromanas, hated
Us for having difpoflefied him of her heart Sidney, b. ii.
Go rate thy minions;
Becomes it thee to be thus bold in terms
Before thy fovereign. Shakefpeare's Henry VI.
Duncan’s horfes.
Beauteous and fwift, the minions of the race.
Turn’d wild in nature. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
His company muff do his minions grace,
Whilft I at home ftarve for a merry look. Shakefpeare,
Edward fent one army into Ireland ; not for conqueft, but
to guard the perfon of his minion Piers Gavefton. Davies.
If a man ftiould launch into the hiftory of human nature,
we fhould find the very minions of princes linked in confpiracies againft their mafter. L'Efrange's Fables.
The drowfy tyrant by his minions led,
To regal rage devotes fome patriot’s head. Swift.
Mi'nious. adj. [from minium, Latin.] Of the colour of red
lead or vermilion.
Some conceive, that the Red Sea receiveth a red and minious tincture from fprings that fall into it. Brown.
Te Mi'nish. v. a. [from diminifh; minus, Latin.] Toleflen;
to lop; to impair.
Ye fhall not minifo ought from your bricks of your daily
talk. Exod. v. 19.
They are minifhed and brought low through oppreflion.
Pfal. cvii. 39.
Another law was to bring in the filver of the realm to the
mint, in making all dipt, jninifhed, or impaired coins of fil¬
ver, not to be current in payments. Bacon's Henry VII.
MI'NISTER. n.f [minijler, Latin; minijlre, Fr.]
1. An ao-ent; one who is employed to any end ; one who ads
not by any inherent authority, but under another.
You, whom virtue hath made the princefs of felicity, be
•not the minijler of ruin. , Sidney, b. ii.
Rumble thy belly full; fpit fire, fpout rain.
Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters;
I tax noc you, you elements, with unkindnefs :
But yet I call you fervile minijlers.
That have with two pernicious daughters join’d
Your high-engender’d battles, ’gainft a head
So old and white as this. Shakcfp. King Lear.
Th’ infernal minijler advanc’d.
Seiz’d the due victim. Dryden's Theodore and Honoria.
Other fpirits govern’d by the will,
Shoot through their tracks, and diftant mufcles fill;
This fovereign, by his arbitrary nod,
Reftrains or fends his minijlers abroad. Blackmone.
2. One who is employed in the adminiftration of govern¬
ment.
Kings muff be anfwerable to God, but the minijlers to
kings, whofe eyes, ears, and hands they are, muff be anl’werable to God and man. Bacon.
3. One who ferves at the altar; one who performs facerdotal
functions.
Epaphras, a faithful minijler of Chrift. 1 Cod. i. 7.
The minijlers are always preaching, and the governours
putting forth edidts againft dancing and gaming. Addifon.
The minijlers of the gofpel are efpecially required to fliine
as lights in the world, becaufe the diftindlion of their ftation
renders their conduct more obfervable; and the prefumptioft
of their knowledge, and the dignity of their office, gives a
peculiar force and authority to their example. Rogers.
4. A delegate; an official.
If wrongfully
Let God revenge; for I may never lift
An angry arm againft his minijler. Shakefp. Rich. LI.’
5. An agent from a foreign power, without the dignity of an
ambafl’ador.
To Mi'nister. v. a. [minijlro, Latin.] To give; to fupply $
to afford.
All the cuftoms of the Irifh would minijler occafion of a
moft ample difeourfe of the original and antiquity of that
people. Spenfer on Ireland.
Now he that miniflereth feed to the fower, both minijler
bread for your food and multiply your feed fown. 2 Cor. ix*
The wounded patient bears
The artift’s hand that minijlers the cure. Otway's Orphan.
To Mi'nister. v. n.
1. To attend; to ferve in any office.
Certain of them had the charge of the minijlering veflels,
to bring them in and out by tale. 1 Chron. ix. 28.
They which minijler about holy things, live of the things
of the temple. I Cor. lx. 13*
At table Eve
Minijler'd naked, and their flowing cups
With pleafant liquors crown’d. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. V«
2. To give medicines.
Can’ft thou not minijler to a mind difeas’d.
Pluck from the memory a rooted forrow.
Raze out the written troubles of the brain ? Shah. Macb.
3* To give fupplies of things needful; to give affiftance ; to
contribute; to conduce.
Others minijlered unto him of their fubftance. Luke viii. 3.
He who has a foul wholly void of gratitude, fhould fet his'
foul to learn of his body; for all the parts of that minijler to
one another. South's Sermons.
There is no truth which a man may more evidently make
out than the exiftence of a God; yet he that fhall con-
• tent himfelf with things as they minijler to us plealures and
paffions, and not make enquiry a little farther into their
caufes and ends, may live long without any notion of fuch a
being. Locke.
Thofe good men, who take fuch pleafure in relieving tho
miferable for Chrift’s fake, would not have been lefs forward
to jninijler unto Chrift himfelf. Alterbury.
Faffing is not abfolutely good, but relatively, and as- it
minijlers to other virtues. Smalridge's Sermons•
4. To attend on the fervice of God.
Whether prophefy, let us prophefy according to the pro¬
portion of faith; or miniftry, let us wait on our miniflring.
Rom. xii. 7.
Ministerial, adj. [from minijler.]
1. Attendant; afting at command.
Underftanding is required in a man; courage and vivacity
in the lion; fervice, and minijlerial officioufnefs, in the ox.
Brown's VAgar Errours.
From eflences unfeen, celeftial names,
Enlight’ning fpirits, and sninijlerial flames.
Lift we our reafon to that fovereign caufe.
Who blefs’d the whole with life. Prior.
2. Adting under fuperior authority.
For the minijlerial officers in court there muff be an eye
unto them. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
Abftinence, the apoftle determines, is of no other real
value in religion, than as a minijlerial caufe of moral effedls ;
as it recalls us from the world, and gives a fericus turn to
our thoughts. Rogers's Sermons.
3. Sacerdotal; belonging to the ecclefiafticks or their office.
Thefe fpeeches of Jerom and Chryfoftom plainly allude
unto fuch minijlerial garments as were then in ufe. Hooker.
4. Pertaining to minifters of ftate, or perfons in fubordinate au¬
thority.
Mi nistery. n.f. JnmiJlerium, Lat.] Office; fervice. This
word is now contra&ed to minijlry, but ufed by Milton as
four fyllables.
T hey that will have their chamber filled with a good feent,
make fome odoriferous water be blown about it by their fervants mouths that are dextrous in that minijlery. Digby,
This temple to frequent
With minifleries due, and folemn rites. Milton, b. xii,
Mi'nistral. adj. [from minijler.'] Pertaining to a minifter.
Mi'nistrants. adj. [from minijler.] Attendant; adling at
command. *
Him thrones, and pow’rs.
Princedoms, and dominations rnini/lrant,
Accompany’d to heav’n-gate. Milton's Par, Lojl, b. x.
Minijlrant to their queen with bufy care,
Four faithful handmaids the foft rites prepare. Pope.
Ministra'tion.
M I N M I N
Mikistra'tion. n.f. [from minfro, Latin.]
i.Ao-cncv j intervention ; office of an agent delegated oi cbmmiffioned by another.
God made him the inftrument of Ins providence to me, as
he hath made his own land to him, with this difference, that
God bv his minfration to me, intends to do him a favours
Taylor's living holy.
Though fometimes effeifted by the immediate fiat of the
divine will, yet I think they are moft ordinarily done by the
minijiration of angels. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
5. Service ; office ; ecclefiaftical fundfion.
If the prefent minijiration be more glorious than the for¬
mer, the minifter is more holy. Atterburys Sermons.
MINIUM, n. f. [Latin.]
Melt lead in a broad earthen veffel unglazed, and ftir it
continually till it be calcined into a grey powder ; this is
called the calx of lead ; continue the fire, ftirring it in the
fame manner, and it becomes yellow; in this ftate it is ufed
in painting, and is called mallicot or mafficot; after this put
it into a reverberatory furnace, and it will calcine further,
and become of a fine red, which is the common minium or
red lead : among the ancients minium was the name for cin¬
nabar : the modern minium is ufed externally, and is excel¬
lent in cleanfing and healing old ulcers. Hill's Mat. Med.
Ministry, n.f. [contracted from minifery ; minijlerium, Lat.]
1. Office; fervice.
So far is an indiflindtion of all perfons, and, by confequence, an anarchy of all things, fo far from being agree¬
able to the will of God, declared in his great houfhold, the
world, and efpecially in all the minifries of his proper houfehold the church, that there was never yet any time, I be¬
lieve, fince it was a number, when fome of its members
were not more facred than others. Sprat's Sermons.
2. Office of one fet apart to preach ; ecclefialtical function.
Their minijlry perform’d, and race well run,
Their do&rine an4 their ftory written left,
They die. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xii.
Saint Paul was miraculoufiy called to the minijlry of the
gofpel, and had the whole dodtrine of the gofpel from God
by immediate revelation; and was appointed the apoftle of
the Gentiles for propagating it in the heathen world. Locke.
3. Agency; interpofition.
The natural world he made after a miraculous manner;
but directs the affairs of it ever fince by ftanding rules, and
the ordinary minijlry of fecond caufes. Atterbury.
The poets introduced the minifry of the gods, and taught
the feparate exiftence of human fouls. Bentley's Sermons.
4. Bufinefs.
He fafe from loud alarms,
Abhorr’d the wicked minijlry of arms. Dryden's JEn.
5. Perfons employed in the publick affairs of a Hate.
I converfe in full freedom with many conliderable men of
both parties ; and if not in equal number, it is purely acci¬
dental, as happening to have made acquaintance at court
more under one mirifry than another. Swift.
Mi'nnock. n.f. Of this word I know not the precife mean¬
ing. It is not unlikely that minnock and minx are originally
the fame word.
An afs’s nole I fixed on his head ;
Anon his Thilbe muft be anfwered,
And forth my minnock comes. Shakefpeare.
Mi'nnow. n.f [menue, French.] A very fmall fifh ; a pink :
a corruption of minim, which fee.
Hear you this triton of the minnows ? Shakefpeare.
The minnow, when he is in perfect feafon, and not fick,
which is only prefently after fpawning, hath a kind of dappled
or waved colour, like a panther, on his Tides, inclining to a
greeniffi and fky-colour, his belly being milk-white, and his
back almoft black or blackifh : he is a lharp biter at a fmall
worm in hot weather, and in the Spring they make excellent
minnow tanfies; for being waffled well in fait, and their heads
and tails cut off, and their guts taken out, being fried with
yolks of eggs, primrofes and tanfy. JValton's Angler.
The nimble turning of the minnow is the perfection of min¬
now fifhing. Walton's Angler.
MINOR, adj. [Latin.]
1. Petty; inconliderable.
If there are petty errours and minor lapfes, not confiderably injurious unto laith, yet is it not fafe to contemn inferiour falfities. Broivn's Vulgar Errours, b. v.
2. Lefs; fmaller.
They altered this cuftom from cafes of high concernment
to the molt trivial debates, the minor part ordinarily entering
their proteff. Clarendon.
The difference of a third part in fo large and collective an
account is not ftrange, if we confider how differently they
are fet forth in minor and lefs miftakeable numbers.
Browne's Vulgar Errours.
Mi'nor. n.f.
1. One under age ; one whofe youth cannot yet allow him to
manage his own affairs.
King Richard the Second, the firft ten years of his reign;
was a minor. Davies oh Irelandi
He and his mufe might be minors, but the libertines are
full grown. Collier's View of the Stage:
Long as the year’s dull circle feems to run, ,
When the brilk minor pants for twenty-one. Pope:
The nobleft blood of England having been fired in the
grand rebellion, many great families became extinCt, or fupported only by minors. Swift:
A minor or infant cannot be faid to be contumacious, becaufe he cannot appear as a defendant in court, but by his
guardian. Ayliff'e's Parergom
2. The fecond or particular propofition in the fyllogifm.
The fecond or minor propolition was, that this kingdom
hath caufe of juft fear of overthrow from Spain. Bacon.
He fuppofed that a philofopher’s brain was like a foreft,
where ideas are ranged like animals of feveral kinds; that
the major is the male, the minor the female, which copulate
by the middle term, and engender the conclufion. Arbuthnot.
To Mi'nora te. v. a. [from minor, Lat.] To leffen; to diminifh. A word not yet admitted into the language.
This it doth not only by the advantageous affiftance of a
tube, but by fhewing in what degrees diftance minorates the.
objedt. Glanvillc's Scepf
Minora'tion. n.f. [from minorate.] The adt of leffening ;
diminution ; decreafe. A word not admitted.
Bodies emit virtue without abatement of weight, as is moft
evident in the loadftone, whofe efficiences are communicable
without a minoration of gravity. Broilin's Vulgar Errours.
We hope the mercies of God will confider our degenerated
integrity unto fome minoration of our offences. Brown.
Mino'rity. n.f. [minority Fr. from minor, Latin.]
1. The ftate of being under age.
I mov’d the king, my mafter, to fpeak in the behalf of
my daughter, in the minority of them both. Shakefpeare,
He is young, and his minority
Is put into the truft of Richard Glofter. Shakefpeare.
Thefe changes in religion ftiould be ftaid, until the king
were of years to govern by himfelf: this the people appre¬
hending worfe than it was, a queftion was raifed, whether,
during the king’s minority, fuch alterations might be made or
no. Hayward's Edzu. VI;
Henry the Eighth, doubting he might die in the minority of
his fon, procured an adt to pafs, that no ftatute made during
the minority of the king fhould bind him or his fucceffors, ex¬
cept it were confirmed by the king at his full age. But the
firft adt that paffed in king Edward the Sixth’s time, was a
repeal of that former adl; at which time neverthelefs the
king was minor. Bacon's Henry VII.
If there be evidence, that it is not many ages fince nature
was in her minority, this may be taken for a good proof that
fire is not eternal. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Their counfels are warlike and ambitious, though fomething tempered by the minority of their king. Temple.
2. The ftate of being lefs.
From this narrow time of geftation may enfue a minority,
or fmallnefs in the exclufion. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
3. The fmaller number : as, the minority held for that queftion
in oppofition to the majority.
Mi'kotaur. n.f. [minotaure, French; minos and taurus.] A
monfter invented by the poets, half man and half bull, kept
in Daedalus’s labyrinth.
Thou inay’ft not wander in that labyrinth,
There minotaurs, and ugly treafons lurk. Shakefpeare.
Mi'nster. n.f. [mmytepe, Saxon.] A monaftery; an eccle¬
fiaftical fraternity ; a cathedral church. The word is yet re¬
tained at York and Lichfield.
Ml'NSTREL. n.f. [menefril, Spanifli; menefrallus, low Latin.]
A mulician; one who plays upon inftruments.
Hark how the minjlrels ’gin to fhrill aloud
Their merry mufick that refounds from far,
The pipe, the tabor, and the trembling croud,
That well agree withouten breach or jar. Spenfer's EpithaL
I will give you the minfrel.
•—Then I will give you the lerving creature. Shakefpeare.
I to the vulgar am become a jeft ;
Efteemed as a minfrel at a feaft. Sandys's Paraphrafe.
Thefe fellows
Were once the minfrels of a country (how ;
Follow’d the prizes through each paltry town.
By trumpet-cheeks and bloated faces known. Dryden.
Often our feers and poets have confefs’d,
That mufick’s force can tame the furious beaft;
Can make the wolf, or foaming boar reftrain
His rage ; the lion drop his crefted mane,
Attentive to the long; the lynx forget
His wrath to man, and lick the minfrel'% feet. Prior.
Mi'nstrelsey. n.f. [from minfrel.]
1. Mufick; inftrumental harmony.
Apollo’s felf will envy at his play,
And all the world applaud his minjlrelfey. Davies.
lb N That
M I N
# That loving wretch that fwears,
iT>sn°t the bodies marry, but the minds,
Which he in her angelick finds.
Would fwear as juftly, that he hears.
In that day’s rude hoarfe minjlrelfey, the fpheres. Donne.
. I began,
Wrapt in a pleafing fit of melancholy,
.To meditate my rural minjlrelfy,
Till fancy had her fill. Milton.
2. A number of muficians.
Miniftring fpirits train’d’up in feaff, and fong !
Such haft thou arm’d the minjlrelfey of heav’n. Milton.
Mint. n.f [mmte, Saxon; menthe, Fr. mentha, Latin.] A
plant.
The mint is a verticillate plant with labiated flowers, conlifting of one leaf, whofe upper-lip is arched, and the under¬
lip divided into three parts; but both of them are fo cut,
that the flower feems to be divjded into four parts, the two
lips fcarcely appearing : thefe flowers are collected into thick
whorles in fome fpecies, but in others they grow in a fpike;
each flower having four feeds fucceeding it, which are inclofed in the flower-cup : it hath a creeping root, and the
whole plant has a ftrong aromatick fcent. Miller.
Then rubb’d it o’er with newly-gather’d mint,
A wholefome herb, that breath’d a grateful fcent. Dryden.
Mint. n. f. [munte, Dutch; mynetian, to coin, Saxon.]
1. The place where money is coined.
What is a perfon’s name or face, that receives all his re¬
putation from the mint, and would never have been known
had there not been medals. Addifon on ancient Medals.
2. Any place of invention.
A man in all the world’s new fafhion planted,
That, hath a mint of phrafes in his brain. Shakefpeare.
As the mints of calumny are at work, a great number of
curious inventions are iflued out, which grow current among
the party. Addifon s Freeholder, N°. 7.
To Mint. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To coin ; to ftamp money.
Another law was, to bring in the filver of the realm to
the mint, in making all clipped coins of filver not to be cur¬
rent in payments, without giving any remedy of weight;
and fo to fet the mint on work, and to give way to new coins
of filver which fhould be then minted. Bacon's Henry VII.
2. To invent; to forge.
Look into the titles whereby they hold thefe new portions
of the crown, and you will find them of fuch natures as may
be eafily minted. Bacon s War with Spain.
Mi'ntage. n.f [from mint.]
1. That which is coined or ftamped.
Its pleafing poifon
The vifage quite transforms of him that drinks.
And the inglorious likenefs of a beaft
Fixes inftead, unmoulding reafons mintage
Charader’d in the face. Milton.
2. The duty paid for coining. Ainf
Mi'nter.i n.f. [from mint.] Coiner.
Sterling ought to be of fo pure filver as is called leaf filver,
and the minter mull add other weight, if the filver be not
pure. Camden's Remains.
Mi'ntman. n.f. [mint and man.] One {killed in coinage.
He that thinketh Spain to be fome great over-match for
this eftate, is no good mintman; but takes greatnefs of king¬
doms according to their bulk and currency, and not after
their intrinfick value. Bacon's War with Spain.
Mi'ntmaster. n.f. [mint and majler.]
1. One who prefides in coinage.
That which is coined, as mintmajlers qonfefled, is allayed
with about a twelfth part of copper. Boyle.
2. One who invents.
The great mintmajlers of thefe terms, the fchoolmen and
metaphyficians, have wherewithal to content him. Locke.
Mi'nuet. n.f. [jnenuet, French.J A ftately regular dance.
The tender creature could not fee his fate.
With whom {he’d danc’d a minuet fo late. Stepney.
John Trot has the aflurance to fet up for a minuet dancer.
Spectator, N°. 308.
Mi'num. n.f.
1. [With printers.] A fmall fort of printing letter.
2. [With muficians.] A note of flow time, two of which
make a femibrief, as two crotchets make a minum ; two
quavers a crotchet, and two femiquavers a quaver. Bailey.
Oh, he’s the courageous captain of compliments; he fights
as you fing prickfongs, keeps time, diftance, and proportion;
refts his minum, one, two, and the third in your bolom.
Shakefpeare's Romeo and Juliet.
Minu'te. adj. [minutus, Lat.J Small; little; {lender; fmall
in bulk ; fmall in confequence.
Some minute philofophers pretend,
Fhat with our days our pains and pleafurcs end. Denham.
Such an univerfal fuperintendency has the eye and hand of
providence over all, even the mod minute and inconfiderable
things. South's Sermons.
4
M I R
Into fmall parts the wond’rous Hone divide.
Ten thoufand of minutejl fize exprefs
The fame propenfion which the large poflefs. Blackmore.
The ferum is attenuated by circulation, fo as to pafs into
the minutejl channels, and become fit nutriment for the
body. Arbutbnot on Aliments.
In all divifions we fhould confider the larger and more im¬
mediate parts of the fubjed, and not divide it at once into
the more minute and remote parts. Watts's Logick.
MI'NUTE. n.f. [fninutum, Latin.]
1. The fixtieth part of an hour.
This man fo complete,
Who was enroll’d ’mongft wonders, and when we,
Almoft with lift’ning ravilh’d, could not find
His hour of fpeech a minute. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
2. Any fmall fpace of time.
They walk’d about me ev’ry minute while;
And if I did but flir out of my bed,
Ready they were to fhcot me to the heart. Shakefpeare.
The fpeed of gods
Time counts not, though with fwifteft minutes wing’d.
Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Gods 1 that the world fhould turn
On minutes and on moments. Denham's Sophy.
Experience does every minute prove the fad truth of this
affertion. South's Sermons.
Tell her, that I fome certainty may bring ;
I go this minute tp attend the king. Dryden's Aurengzebe.
3. The firft draught of any agreement in writing; this is com¬
mon in the Scottifh law ; as, have you made a minute of that
contrail ?
To Mi'nute. v. a. [minuter, French*] To fet down in fhort
hints.
I no fooner heard this critick talk of my works, but I mi*
nutecl what he had laid, and refolved to enlarge the plan of
my fpeculations. Spectator, N°. 4:8.
Mi'nute-book. n. f. [minute and book.] Book of fhort hints.
Mi'nute-glass. n.J. [minute and glafs.] Glafs of which the
fand meafures a minute.
Minu'tely. adv. [from minute.] To a fmall point; exadly;
to the leaf! part; nicelv.
In this pofture of mind it was impoflible for him to keep
that flow pace, and obferve minutely that order of ransing all
he faid, from which refults an obvious perfpicuity. ~ Locke.
Change of night and day.
And of the feafons ever Healing round,
Minutely faithful. Thomfon's Summer, /. 40.
Mi'nutely. adv. [from minute, the fubftantive.]
1. Every minute; with very little time intervening.
What is it but a continued perpetuated voice from heaven,
refounding for ever in our ears ? As if it were minutely pro¬
claimed in thunder from heaven, to give men no reft in their
fins, no quiet from Chrift’s importunity tdl they arife from
fo mortiferous a ftate. - Hammond's Fundamentals.
2. In the following paflage it feems rather to be an adjedive,
as hourly is both the adverb and adjedive.
Now minutely revolts upbraid his faith-breach,
Thofe he commands, move only in command,
Nothing in love. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Minu'teness. n.f. [from minute.] Smallnels; exility; inconfiderablenefs.
The animal fpirit and infenfible particles never fall under
our fenfes by reafon of their minutenefs. Bentley's Sermons.
Mi'nute-watch, n.f. [minute and watch.] A watch in which
minutes are more diftindly marked than in common watches
which reckon by the hour.
Calling our eyes upon a minute-watch, we found that from
the beginning of the pumping, about two minutes after the
coals had been put in glowing, to the total difappearino- of
the fire, there had palled but three minutes. Bovle.
Minx. n.f. [contracted, I luppofe, from minnock.] A youiw,
pert, wanton girl.
Lewd minx!
Come, go with me apart. Shakefpeare.
Some torches bore, fome links,
Before the proud virago minx. Hudibras, p. ii.
She, when but yet a tender minx, be^an
To hold the door, but now fets up for man. Dryden.
MI'RACLE. n.f [miracle, Fr. miraculum, Latin.]
1. A wonder; fomething above human power.
Nothing almoft fees miracles
But miiery. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
^ Virtuous and holy, chofen from above,
T o work exceeding miracles on earth. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Be not offended, nature’s miracle.
Thou art allotted to be ta’en by me. Shakefp. Henry VI.
2. [In theology.] An effed above human or natural power,
performed in atteftation of fome truth.
The miracles of our Lord are peculiarly eminent above the
lying wonders of demons, in that they were not made out of
vain oftentation of power, and to raife unprofitable amaze¬
ment; but for the real benefit and advantage of men, by
feeding
M I R m i s
feeding the hungry, healing all forts of difeafes, eje&ing of
devils, and reviving the dead. Bentley's Sermons.
Mira'culoUS. adj. [miraculeux, Fr. from miracle.] Done by
miracle ; produced by miracle ; efFe&ed by power more than
natural.
Arithmetical progreflion might eafily demonftrate how fall
mankind would increafe, overpaying as miraculous, though
indeed natural, that example of the Ifraelites, who were mul¬
tiplied in two hundred and fifteen years from feventy unto
fix hundred thoufand able men. Raleigh's Effays.
Reftore this day, for thy great name,
Unto his ancient and miraculous right. Herbert.
Why this ftrength
Mirac'lous yet remaining in thofe locks ?
His might continues in thee not for naught. Milton's Ag.
At the firft planting of the Chriftian religion in the world,
God was pleafed to accompany it with a fturaculous power.
Fillotfon.
Miraculously, adv. [from miraculous.] By miracle; by
power above that of nature.
It was a fingular providence of God, to draw thofe nor¬
thern heathen nations down into thofe Chriftian parts, where
they might receive Chriftianity, and to mingle nations fo re¬
mote miraculoujly, to make one blood and kindred of all peo¬
ple, and each to have knowledge of him. Spenfer on Ireland.
Turnus was to be flain that very day ; and riEneas, wound¬
ed as he was, could not have engaged him in fingle combat,
unlefs his hurt had been miraculoujly healed. Dryden.
Mira'culousness. n. f. [from miraculous.] The ftate of be¬
ing effedfed by miracle; fuperiority to natural power.
MIRADOR. n.J. [Span'ifh, from mirar, to look.] A balco¬
ny; a gallery whence ladies fee (hews.
Mean time your valiant fon, who had before
Gain’d fame, rode round, to ev’ry mirador;
Beneath each lady’s ftanu a flop he made.
And bowing, took th’ applaufes which they paid. Dryden.
Mire. n.f. [rnoer, Dutch.] Mud; dirt at the bottom of
water.
He his rider from her lofty fteed
Would have caft down, and trod in dirty mire. Fa. Du.
Here’s that, which is too weak to be a (inner, honeft wa¬
ter, which ne’er left man i’ th’ mire. Sbak. Timon ofAthens.
I’m Ralph himfelf, your trufty fquire,
Wh’ has dragg’d your donfhip out o’ th’ mire. Hudibras.
I appeal to any man’s reafon, whether it be not better that
there fliould be a diftinction of land and fea, than that all
fhould be mire and water. More’s Antidote againjl Atheifm.
Now plung’d in mire, now by fharp brambles torn.
Rofcommon.
To Mire. v. a. [from the noun.] To whelm in the mud; to
foil with mud.
Why had I not, with charitable hand,
Took up a beggar’s iflue at my gates ?
Who fmeered thus, and mir'd with infamy,
I might have faid no part of it is mine. Sbakefpeare.
Mire. n.f. [myr, Welfh; mypa, Saxon; miery Dutch.] An
ant; a pifmire.
Mi'riness. n.f. [from miry.] Dirtinefs; fullnefs of mire.
MFrksome. n.f. [morck, dark, Danifh. In the derivatives
of this fet, no regular orthography is obferved : it is common
to write murky, to which the reft ought to conform.] Dark ;
obfeure.
Through mirkfome air her ready way (he makes. F. jhi.
Mi'RROR. n.f [miroir, French; mirar, Spanifh, to look.]
1. A looking-glafs ; any thing which exhibits reprefentations of
objects by reflection.
And in his waters which your mirror make.
Behold your faces as the cryftal bright. Spcnfer’s Epith.
That pow’r which gave me eyes the world to view.
To view myfelf infus’d an inward light.
Whereby my foul, as by a mirror true.
Of her own form may take a perfect fight. Davies.
Lefs bright the moon.
But oppofite in levell’d Weft was fet
His mirror, with full face borrowing her light
From him. Milton's Par. Lofly b. vii.
Mirroir of poets, mirroir of our age,
Which her whole face beholding on thy ftage.
Pleas’d and di(pleas’d with her own faults, endures
A remedy like thofe whom mufick cures. IValler.
By chance he fpy’d a mirroir while he fpoke,
And gazing there beheld his alter’d look;
Wor.d’ring, he faw his features and his hue.
So much were chang’d, that lcarce himielf he knew.
Dryden's Knight's Tole.
Late as I rang’d the cryftal wilds of air.
In the clear mirroir of thy ruling ftar,
I faw, alas ! lome dread event impend. Pope.
2. It is ufed for pattern; for that on which the eye ought to be
fixed ; an exemplar ; an archetype.
The works of nature are no lefs exadf, than if fhe did
both behold and ftudy how to exprefs fome abfolute fhape or
mirror always prefent before her. Hooker, b. i.
O goddefs, heavenly bright,
Mirrour of grace and majefty divine. Fairy fj/een, b. u
How far’ft thou, mirror of all martial men ? Shahefp.
Mirroir of ancient faith in early youth. Dryden.
Mirror-stone, n.f. [fclenitcs, Lat.j A kind of tranfpareht
ftone. Ainf.
Mirth, n.f. [mypjjoe, Saxon.] Merriment; jollity; gaiety;
laughter.
To give a kingdom for a mirth, to fit.
And keep the turn of tippling with a Have. Shakefpeare.
Be large in mirth, anon we’ll drink a meafure
The table round. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
His eye begets occafion for his wit;
For every objedt that the one doth catch,
The other turns to a mirth-moving jeft. Shakefpeare.
Moft of the appearing mirth in the world is not mirth but
art: the wounded fpirit is not feen, but walks under a difguife. South's Sermons.
With genial joy to warm the foul,
Bright Helen mix’d a mirth-inffhng bowl. Pope’s Odyjfey.
Mi'rthful. adj. [mirth and full.] Merry; gay; cheerful.
No Ample word,
That fhall be utter’d at our mirthful board,
Shall make us fad next morning. B. Johnfon, Epigr. id.
The feaft was ferv’d ; the bowl was crown’d ;
To the king’s pleaiure went the mirthful round. Prior.
MFrthless. adj. [from mirth.] Joylels ; cheCrlefs.
Mi'ry. adj. [from mire.]
1. Deep in mud ; muddy.
Thou fhould’ft have heard how her horfe fell, and fhe un¬
der her horfe: thou fhould’ft have heard in how miry a place,
how fhe was bemoiled. Shakefp. Faming of the Shrew.
All men who lived lazy lives, and died natural deaths, by
ficknefs or by age, went into vaft caves under-ground, all
dark and miry, full of noifome creatures, and there grovel ed
in endlefs ftench and mifery. Femple.
Deep, through a miry lane fhe pick’d her way.
Above her ancle rofe the chalky clay. Gads Ftivia.
So have I feen ill-coupled hounds
Drag difF’rent .ways in miry grounds. Swift.
2. Confilting of mire.
Shall thou and I fit round about fome fountain.
Looking all downwards to behold our cheeks.
How they are ftain’d like meadows, yet not dry.
With miry dime left on them by a flood ? Shakefpeare.
Mis, an infeparable particle ufed in compofttion to mark an ill
fenfe, or depravation of the meaning : as, chance, luck ;
mifchance, ill luck ; computation, reckoning ; mi]computati<my
falfe reckoning; to like, to be pleafed ; to miflike, to be of¬
fended ; from mes in Teutonick and French, ufed in the fame
fenfe. Of this it is difficult to give all the examples; but
thofe that follow will fufflciently explain it.
Misaccepta'tion. n.J. [mis and acceptation.] The a<51 of
taking in a wrong fenfe.
Misadve'nture. n.f. [mefaventure, Fr. mis and adventure.]
1. Mifchance; misfortune; ill luck ; bad fortune.
Your looks are pale and wild, and do import
Some ?nifaaventure. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
When a commander, either upon neceflity or rnijadventurey
falleth into danger, it much advanceth both his reputation
and enterprize, if bravely he behaveth himfelf. Hayward.
The body coniifted, after all the Ioffes and mifadventuresy
of no lefs than fix thoufand foot. Clarendon, b. viii.
Diftinguifh betwixt adtions of mifadventure and of defign.
L’Ejlrange's Fables.
The trouble of a mifadventure now and then, that reaches
not his innocence or reputation, may not be an ill way to
teach him more caution. Locke on Education.
2. [In law.] Manflaughter. Ainf.
Misadventured, adj. [from mifadventure.] Unfortunate.
From forth the fatal loins of thefe two foes,
A pair of ftarcroft lovers take their life ;
Whofe mifadventur'd piteous overthrows
Do with their death bury their parents ftrife. Shakefp.
Misadvi'sed. adj. [mis and advifed.] Ill directed.
Misa'imed. adj. [mis and aim.] Not aimed rightly.
The idle ftroke enforcing furious way,
Mifling the mark of his mij'aimed light.
Did fall to ground. Fairy Dhteeny b. i.
Misanthrope. \n.f.[mifanthropey French; [AHrciv$-pm
Misa'nthropos. } A hater of mankind.
I am mifantbropos, and hate mankind. Shakefpeare.
Alas, poor dean ! his only fcope
Was to be held a jnifanthrope;
This into gen’ral odium drew him. Swift's Mifcel.
Misa'nthropv. n. f. [jmfanthropie, Fr. from mifanthrope.]
Hatred of mankind.
Misapplication, n.f. [mis and application.] Application to
a wrong purpofe.
T he indiftindlion of many in the community of name, or
the mifapplication of the adt of one unto another, hath made
fome doubt thereof. Brown's Vulgar Erraursy b. v.
The
r
m i s
The vigilance of thofe who preilde over thefe charities is
fo exemplary, that perl'ons difpofed to do good can entertain
no fufpicions of the mijapplication of their bounty. Atterbury.
It is our duty to be provident for the future, and wifely to
' guard againft whatever may lead us into mifapplications of it.
Roger's Sermons.
To Misapply', v. a. [m/j and apply.] To apply to wrong
purpofes.
Virtue itfelf turns vice, being misapplied,
And vice fometime by adhon’s dignified., Shakefpeare.
The holy treafure was to be referved, and ifTued for holy
ufes, and not mifapplied to any other ends. Howel.
He that knows, that whitenefs is the name of that colour
he has obferved in fnow, will not mifapply that word as long
as he retains that idea. Locke.
To Misappre'Hend. v. a. [mis and apprehend,] Not to un¬
derhand rightly.
That your reafonings may lofe none of their force by my
tnifapprehending or mifreprefenting them, I fhall give the reader
your arguments. Locke.
Misapprehension, n.f. [mis and apprehenfion.] Miftake;
not right apprehenfion.
It is a good degree of knowledge to be acquainted with
the caufes of our ignorance : and what we have to fay under
this head, will equally concern our mfapprehenfions and errors.
Glanville's Seep.
To Misascri'be. v. a. [mis and aferibe.] To aferibe falfly.
That may be mifaferibed to art which is the bare produc¬
tion of nature. Boyle.
To Misassi'gn. v. a. [mis and affign ] To aflign erroneoufly.
We have not mifaffigned the caufe of this phenomenon.
Boyle.
To Misbeco'me. v. a. [mis and become.] Not to become; to
be unfeemly ; not to fuit.
Either Ihe has a poflibility in that which I think impoflible,
or elfe impoflible loves need not mijbecome me.* Sidney.
What to the dauphin from England ?
—Scorn and defiance, flight regard, contempt,
And any thing that may not mijbecome
The mighty fender. Shak. Henry V.
That boldnefs which lads get amongft their play-fellows,
has luch a mixture of rudenefs and an ill-turn’d confidence,
that thofe mijbecoming and difingenuous ways of fhifting in the
world muft be unlearned to make way for better principles.
Locke.
Portius, thou may’ft rely upon my conduct;
Thy father will not act what mijbecomes him. Addifon.
Misbego't. \adj. [begot ox begotten with mis.] Unlawfully
Misbego'ten. J or irregularly begotten.
Contaminated, bafe.
And mijbegotten blood, I fpill of thine. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Your words have taken fuch pains, as if they labour’d
To bring man-flaughter into form, fet quarrelling
Upon the head of valour ; which, indeed.
Is valour mijbegot, and came into the world
When feds and fadions were but newly born. Shakefp.
The mijbegotten infant grows.
And, ripe for birth, diftends with deadly throes
The fwelling rind, with unavailing ftrife,
To leave the wooden womb, and pulhes into life. Dryden.
To M isbehaVe. v.n. [mis and behave.J To ad ill or im-
» properly.
Misbeha'ved. ad}, [mis and behaved.] Untaught; ill-bred;
uncivil.
Happinefs courts thee in her beft array ;
But, like a mifbehav'd and fullen wench.
Thou pout’ft upon thy fortune and thy love. Shakefpeare.
Misbeha'viour. n.f. [mis and behaviour.} Ill conduit; bad
pradice.
The mifbehaviour of particular perfons does not at all affed
their caufe, fince a man may ad laudably in fome refpeds,
who does not fo in others. Addifon's Freeholder.
Misbeli'ef. n.f. [mis and belief.'] Falfe religion; a wrong
belief.
MisBel i'ever. n.f. [mis and believer.] One that holds a falfe
religion, or believes wrongly.
Yes, if I drew it with a curft intent
To take a mifbeliever to my bed.
It muft be fo. ' Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
To Miscalculate, v. a. [mis and calculate.] To reckon
wrong.
After all the care I have taken, there may be, in fuch a
multitude of paffages, feveral mifquoted, miiinterpreted, and
mifcalculated. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Misca'l. v.a. [mis and call.] To name improperly.
My heart will iigh when I mifeal it fo. Shak. Rich. II.
The third ad, which conneds propofitions and deduceth
conclulions from them, the fehools call difeourfe; and we
fhall not mifeal it if we name it reafon. Glanville's Seep.
What you mifeal their folly is their care. Dryden.
MIS
Misca'rriage. n.f. [mis and carnage.]
1. Unhappy event of our undertaking; failure; ill conduit.
Refolutions of future reforming do not always fatisfy
juftice, nor prevent vengeance for former
When a counfellor, to fave himfelf,
Would lay mifearriages upon his prince,
Expofing him to publick rage and hate ,
O, ’tis an ad as infamoufly bafe.
As, Ihould a common foldier fculk behind.
And thruft his general in the front of war. Dryd. Sp. rr.
If the negled or abufe of the liberty he had, to examine
what would really make for his happinefs, mifleads him, the
mifearriages that follow on it muft be imputed to his own
eledion. . , c
A great part of that time which the inhabitants of the for¬
mer earth had to fpare, and whereof they made fo ill ufe,
was now employed in digging and plowing; and the excels
of fertility which contributed fo much to their mifearriages,
was retraded and cut off. Woodward!s Nat. Hijl. p. ii.
Ycur cures aloud you tell.
But wifely your mifearriages conceal. Garth s Difpenfatory.
How, alas 1 will he appear in that awful day, when even
the failings and mifearriages of the righteous fhall not be con¬
cealed, though the mercy of God be magnified in their parRogers's Sermons.
2. Abortion ; ad of bringing forth before the time.
There muft be flying and death, as well as mifearriages
and abortions; for there died many women with child.
Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
To Misca'rry. v. n. [mis and carry.]
1. To fail; not to have the intended event; not to fucceed ; to
be loft in an enterprife; not to reach the effed intended.
Have you not heard of Frederick, the great foldier, who
mifearried at fea ? Shakefpeare's Meafurefor Meafure.
Our fifter’s man is certainly mifearried. Shakefpeare.
Is it concluded he fhall be protedor ?
—It is determin’d, not concluded yet;
But fo it muft be if the king mifearry. Shakefp. Rich. III.
If you mifearry,
Your bufinefs of the world hath fo an end,
And machination ceafes. Shakefp. King Lear.
Sweet Baffanio, my fhips have all mifearried, my creditors
grow cruel, my eftate is very low. Shak. Merchant of Vmice.
I could mention fome projeds which I have brought to
maturity, and others which have mifearried. Addifon's Guard.
No wonder that this expedient fhould fo often rnifcarryy
which requires fo much art and genius to arrive at any perfedion in it. » Swift's Mifcel.
2. To have an abortion.
Give them a mifearrying womb and dry breafts. Hof. ix. 14-
So many politick conceptions fo elaborately formed and
wrought, and grown at length ripe for a delivery, do yet, in
the ifliie, mifearry and prove abortive. South's Sermons.
His wife mifearried; but the abortion proved a female foe¬
tus. Pope and Arbuthnot's Mart. Scrib.
You have proved yourfelf more tender of another’s embrios, than the fondeft mothers are of their own; for you
have prefifrved every thing that I mifearried of. Ppp*.
Miscella'ne. n.f. [mifeellaneus, Lat. This is corrupted into
majllin or mefllin.] Mixed corn : as, wheat and rye.
It is thought to be of ufe to make fome mifcellane in com ;
as if you fow a few beans with wheat, your wheat will be
the better. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 670.
Miscellaneous, adj. [mifcellaneusy Latin.] Mingled ; compofed of various kinds.
Being mifcellaneous in many things, he is to be received
with fufpicion; for fuch as amafs all relations muft err in
fome, and without offence be unbelieved in many. Browne.
And what the people but a herd confus’d,
A mifcellaneous rabble, who extol
Things vulgar, and well weigh’d fcarce worth the praife.
Milton's Par. Reg. b. ii.
MiscellaNeousness. n.f. [from mifcellaneous.] Compofition
of various kinds.
MI'SCELLANY. adj. [mifcellaneusy Latin.] Mixed of various
kinds.
The power of Spain confifteth in a veteran army, com¬
pounded of mifeellany forces of all nations. Bacon.
Mi'scellany. n.f. A mafs formed out of various kinds.
I muft acquit myfelf of the prefumption of having lent my
name to recommend any mifcellanies or works of Other men.
Pope.
When they have join’d their pericranies.
Out fkips a book of mifcellanies. Swift.
To Misca'st. v. a. [mis and cajl.] To take a wrong account
of. #
Men mifeaft their days; for in their age they deduce the
account not from the day of their birth, but the year of our
Lord wherein they were born. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
MischaNoe.
3
M I S M I S
MisCHa'nce. n.f [mis and chance.] Ill luck; ill fortune;
misfortune; mifhap.
The lady Cecropia fent him to excufe the mifchance of her
beafts ranging in that dangerous fort. Sidney, b. i.
Extreme dealing had driven her to put herfelf with a great
lady, by which occafion the had (tumbled upon fuch niifchances
as were little for the honour of her family. Sidney, b. ii.
View thele letters, full of bad mifchance.
France is revolted. Shakefp. Henry VI. p. i.
Sleep rock thy brain,
And never come mifchance between us twain. Shakcfpeare.
Nothing can be a reafonable ground of defpifing a man but
fome fault chargeable upon him; and nothing can be a fault
that is., not naturally in a man’s power to prevent; otherwife,
it is a man’s unhappinefs, his mifchance or calamity, but not
his fault. South's Sermons.
MrSCHIEF. n.f [mefchef old French.]
I. Harm ; hurt; whatever is ill and injurioufly done.
The law in that cafe punifheth the thought; for better is
a mifehief than an inconvenience. Spenfer on Ireland.
Come you murth’ring minifters !
Wherever in your fightlefs fubftances
You wait on nature’s mifehief. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Thy tongue devifeth mifehiefs. Pfal. lii. i.
Was I the caufe of mifehief or the man,
Whofe lawlefs luft the fatal war began ? Dryden's /.En.
Come not thou with mifehief-nyaking beauty,
To interpofe between us, look not on him. Rowe.
Ill confequence ; vexatious affair.
States call in foreigners to affift them againft a common
enemy; but the mifehief was, thefe allies would never allow
that the common enemy was fubdued. Swift.
To Mi'schief. v. a. [from the noun.] To hurt; to harm ;
to injure.
If the greateft inward heat be not fweetened by meeknefs,
or not governed by prudence, can it bring to our fouls any
benefit ? rather it mifehiefs them. Sprat's Sermons.
Mi’schiefmaker. n.f [from mifehief and make.] One who
caufes mifehief. i
Mi'schievous. adj. [from mifehief.]
1. Harmful; hurtful; deftructive; noxious; pernicious; inju¬
rious ; wicked.
This falfe, wily, doubling difpofition is intolerably mifchievous to fociety. South's Sermons.
I’m but a half-flxainM villain yet;
But mongrel mifehievous. Dryden.
He had corrupted or deluded mofb of his feirvants, telling
them that their matter was run mad ; that he had difinhereted his heir, and was going to fettle his eftate upon a parifhboy ; that if he did not look after their matter he would do
fome/very mifehievous thing. Arbuthnot's Hift. of John Bull.
2. Spiteful; malicious. Ainfworth.
Mischievously, adv. [from mifehief] Noxioufly; hurtfully;
wickedly.
Nor was the cruel deftiny content
To fweep at once her life and beauty too;
But like a harden’d felon took a pride
To work more mifehievoufy flow,
And plundered firft, and then dettroy’d. Dryden.
Mischievousness, n.f. [from mifehievous.] Hurtfulnefs; pernicioufnefs; wickednefs.
Compare the harmleffnefs, the tendernefs, the modefty,
and the ingenuous pliablenefs, which is in youth, with the
mifehievoufnefs, the flynefs, the craft, the impudence, the
falfhood, and the confirmed obttinacy found in an aged, longpradtifed finner. South's Sermons.
Mi'sciblE. adj. [from mifeeo, Latin.] Poflible to be mingled.
Acid fpirits are fubtile liquors which come over in diftillations, not inflammable, mifcible with water. Arbuthnot.
Miscita'tion. n.f. [mis and citation.] Unfair or falfe quo¬
tation.
Being charged with mifeitation and unfair dealing, it was
requifite to fay fomething; for honefty is a tender point.
Collier's View of the Stage,
To Misci'te. v. a. [mis and cite.] To quote wrong.
Miscla'im. n.f. [mis and claim.] Miftaken claim.
Error, mifclaim and forgetfulnefs, become fuitors for fome
remiflion of extreme rigour. Bacon.
Miscomputa'tion. n.f. [mis zn&computation.] Falfe reckoning.
It was a general misfortune and mijeomputation of that time,
that the party had fo good an opinion of their own reputa¬
tion and interett. Clarendon.
To Misconceive, v. a. [mis and conceive.] To mis-judge;
to have a falfe notion of.
Ne let falfe whifpers, breeding hidden fears.
Break gentle fleep with mifconceived doubt. Spenfer.
Our endeavour is not fo much to overthrow them with
whom we contend, as to yield themjuft and reafonable caufes
of thofe things, which, for want of due confideration here¬
tofore, they mifconceived. Hooker, b. v.
Mfconceived Joan of Arc hath been
A virgin from her tender infancy. Shakefp. Henry Vi.
Misconce'it. } n.f. [mis and conceit, and conception.] Falfe
Misconce'ption. \ opinion; wrong notion.
The other which inftead of it we are required to accept,
is only by error and mifconceit named the ordinance of Jclus
Chrift; no one proof as yet brought forth, whereby it may
clearly appear to be fo in very deed. Hooker.
It cannot be that our knowledge fhould be other than an
heap of mifconccption and error. Glanville's Seep.
Great errors and dangers refult out of a mifconception of the
names of things. Harvey on Conjunctions.
It will be a great fatisfaCtion to fee thofe pieces of mod
ancient hiftory, which have been chiefly preferved in feripture, confirmed anew, and freed from thofe mifconceptions or
mifreprefentations which made them fit uneafy upon the
fpirits even of the belt men. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Misco'nduct, n.f [mis and conduit.] Ill behaviour; ill ma¬
nagement.
They are induftrioufly proclaimed and aggravated by fucli
as are guilty or innocent of the fame flips or mifconduCts in
their own behaviour. Addifon's Spekt. N°. 256.
It highly concerned them to refleCl, how great obligations
both the memory of their paft mifconduCty and their prefent
advantages, laid on them, to walk with care and circumfpection. Rogers's Sermons.
To Miscondu'ct. v. a. [mis and conduit.] To manage amifs;
to carry on wrong.
Misconje'cture. n. f. [mis and conjecture.] A wrong
guefs.
I hope they will plaufibly receive our attempts, or candidly
correct our mifconjectures. Brown's Vulgar Errours^
To Misconje'cture. v. a. [mis and conjecture.] To guefs
wrong.
Misconstruction, n.f [mis and conjlruftion.] Wrong in¬
terpretation of words or things.
It pleas’d the king his matter very lately
To ftrike at me upon his tnifconflruClion,
When he conjumtt, and flatt’ring his difpleafurt,
Tript me behind. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Others conceive the literal acceptation to be a mifeonJiruCiion of the fymbolical expreflion. Brown's Vulgar Err.
Thofe words were very weakly inferted where they are fo
liable to mifconflrutlion. Stillingfeet.
To Misco'nstrue. v. a; [mis and conjlrue.] To interpret
wrong.
That which by right expofition buildeth up Chriftian faith,
being mifconjlrued breedeth error ; between true and falfe conftruCiion the difference reafon mutt fhew. Hooker, b. iii.
We would have had you heard
The manner and the purpofe of his treafons;
That you might well have fignified the fame
Unto the citizens, who, haply, may
Mifconjlrue us in him. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Many of the unbelieving Ifraelites would have mifconjlrutd
this ftory of mankind. Raleigh.
Do not, great Sir, mifconjlrue his intent,
Nor call rebellion what was prudent care,
To guard himfelf by neceffary war. Dryden's Aurengzele.
A virtuous emperor was much afflicted to find his actions
mifeonfrued and defamed by a party. Addifon.
Miscontinuance, n.f. [mis and continuance.] Ceffation;
intermiffion.
To Misco'unsel. v. a. [mis and counfel.] To advife wrong.
Every thing that is begun with reafon
Will come by ready means unto his end.
But things mifcounfeled mutt needs mifwend. Spenfer.
To Misco'unt. v.a. [mefcountery French, mis and count.] To
reckon wrong,
MVscreance. \n.f. [from mefereante or mefcroiance, fufpicion,
Mi'screancy. J French.] Unbelief; falfefaith; adherence
to a falfe religion.
If thou wilt renounce thy mifcreancey
And my true liegeman yield tftyfelr for ay,
Life will I grant thee for thy valiance. Spenfer.
The more ufual caufes of deprivation are murther, manflaughter, herefy, mifcrcancyy atheifm, fimony. Ayliffe.
MFSCREANT. n.f. [mefereant, French.]
1. One that holds a falfe faith ; one who believes in falfe gods.
Their prophets juftly condemned them as an adulterous
feed, and a wicked generation of mifcreantSy which had forfaken the living God. Hooker, b. v.
2. A vile wretch.
Now by Apollo, king.
Thou fwear’ft thy gods in vain.
—O vaflal! mifereant! Shakefpeare's King Lear.
If extraordinary lenity proves ineffectual, thofe mjereants
ought to be made fenlible that our conftitution is armed with
force. Addifon's Freeholdery N°. 50.
16 o Miscrk'ati?,
M I S M I S
Miscrea'te. \adj. [mis and created.'] Formed unnaturally or
Miscre'ated. ) illegitimately; made as by a blunder of
nature.
Then made he head againft his enemies.
And Ymner flew or Logris mifcreate. Fa. Qti. b. ii.
Eftfoons he took that mifreatcd fair,
And that falfe other fprite, on whom he fpread
A teeming body of the fubtile air. Spenfcr.
God forbid, my lord.
That you fhould fafhion, wreft, or bow your reading;
With opening titles mifcreate, whofe right
Suits not in native colours with the truth. Sbakefpeare.
Misde'ed. n.f. [mis and deed. ] Evil action.
O God,
If thou wilt be aveng’d on my mifdeeds,
Yet execute thy wrath on me alone. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Evils, which our own mifdeeds have wrought. Milton.
Chas’d from a throne, abandon’d, and exil’d
For foul mifdeeds, were punifhments too mild. Dryden.
To'Mi-sde'em. v. a. [mis and deem.] To judge ill ofj tomiftake.
All unweeting an enchanter bad
His fenfe abus’d, and made him to mifdeem
My loyalty, not fuch as it did feem. Fairy Queen, b. i.
Befides, were we unchangeable in will,
And of a wit that nothing could mifdeem;
Equal to God, whofe wifdom fhineth ftill
And never errs, we might ourfelves efteem. Davies.
To Misdeme'an. v. a. [mis and demean.] To behave ill.
From frailty
And want of wifdom, you, that beft fhould teach us,
Have mifdemean'd yourfelf. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
AIisdeme'anor. n.f. [mis and demean.] Offence ; ill beha¬
viour ; fomething lefs than an atrocious crime.
The houfe of commons have only power to cenfure the
members of their own houfe, in point of election or rntfdemeanors, in or towards that houfe. Bacon.
It is no real difgrace to the church merely to lofe her pri¬
vileges, but to forfeit them by her fault or mifdemeanor. South.
Thefe could never have touched the head, or flopped the
fource of thefe unhappy mifdemeanors, for which the punifhment was fent. Woodward’s Nat. Hijl. p. ii.
Misdevo'tion. n.f. [mis and devotion.] Miftaken piety.
A place, where mifdevotion frames
A thoufand prayers to faints, whofe very names
The church knew not, heav’n knows not yet. Donne.
Misdi'et. n.f [mis and diet.] Improper food.
A dropfy through his flefh did flow,
Which by mijdiet daily greater grew. Fairy Queen, l. i.
To Misdisti'nguish. v.a. [mis and diftinguifh.] To make
wrong diftindfions.
If we imagine a difference where there is none, becaufe
we diftinguifh where we fhould not, it may not be denied
that we mfdiftinguifh. Hooker, b. iii.
To Misoo'. v. a. [mis and do.] To do wrong ; to commit a
crime ; to offend.
Afford me place to fhew what recompence
T’wards thee I intend for what I have mifdone. Milton.
To Misdo'. v. n. To commit faults.
Try the erring foul
Not wilfully mfdoing, but unaware
Milled, Paradife Regain’d, b. i.
The worft is, to think ourfelves fafe fo long as we keep
our injuries from the knowledge of men, and out of our own
view, without any awe of that all-feeing eye that obferves all
our mifdoings. L’EJlrange.
I have mifdone, and I endure the fmart.
Loth to acknowledge, but more loth to part. Dryden.
Misdo'er. n.f. [from mifdo.] An offender ; a criminal; a
malefadtcr.
Were they not contained in duty with a fear of law, which
inflidfeth fharp punifhments to mifdoers, no man fhould enjoy
any thing. Spenfer on Ireland.
To Misdo'ubt. v.a. [mis and doubt.] To fufpedt of deceit
Or danger.
If fhe only mifdoubted me, I were in heaven ; for quickly I
would bring fufficient aflurance. Sidney, b. ii.
I do not mifdoubt my wife, but I would be loth to turn
them both together; a man may be too confident. Shakefp.
The bird that hath been limed in a bufh,
With trembling wings mifdoubteth ev’ry bufh ;
And I, the haplcfs male to one fweet bird.
Have now the fatal object in my eye,
Where my poor young was lim’d, was caught, and kilPd.
Shakefpeare’s Henry VI. p. iii.
If you mifdoubt me that I am not fhe,
I know not how I fhall affurc you farther. Shakefpeare.
I o believe his wiles my truth can move,
Is to mifdoubt my reafon or my love. Dryden.
MisDO'ubt. n.f. [mis and doubt.]
1. Suspicion of crime or danger.
fie cannot fo precifely weed this land.
As his mifdoubts prefent occafion ;
His foes are fo enrooted with his friends,
That, plucking to unfix an enemy,
He doth unfaften fo and fhake a friend. Shakefp. Henry IV.
2.Irrcfolution ; hefitation.
York, fteel thy fearful thoughts,
And change mifdoubt to refolution. Shakefp. Henry VI.
MISE. n.f. [French.] Iffue. Lav/term. Dili.
To MisemploT. v.a. [mis and employ.] To ufe to wrong
purpofes.
Their frugal fathers gains they mife?nploy,
And turn to point and pearl, and ev’ry female toy. Dryd.
Some taking things upon trufl, mijemploy their power by
lazily enflaving their minds to the dictates of others. Locke.
That vain and foolifh hope, which is mifemployed on tem¬
poral objects, produces many forrows. Addifon’s Spedi.
They grew diffolute and prophane; and by mifemploying the
advantages which God had thrown into their lap, provoked
him to withdraw them. Atterbury.
Misemplo'yment. n.f. [?nis and employment.] Improper ap¬
plication.
An improvident expence, and mifemployment of their time
and faculties. Hale’s Origin ofMankind.
Mi'ser. n.f. [mifer, Latin.]
1. A wretched perfon ; one overwhelmed with calamity.
Do not difdain to carry with you the woful words of a
mifer now defpairing ; neither be afraid to appear before her,
bearing the bafe title of the fender. Sidney, b. ii.
I wifh that it may not prove fome ominous foretoken of
misfortune to have met with fuch a mifer as I am. Sidney.
Fair fon of Mars, that feek with warlike fpoil
And great atchievements, great yourfelf to make,
Vouchfafe to flay your fteed for humble mifer’s fake.
Fairy Queen, b. ii.
2. A wretch ; a mean fellow.
Decrepit mifer ! bafe ignoble wretch !
I am defeended of a gentler blood. Shakefp. Henry VI.
3. A wretch covetous to extremity ; one who in wealth makes
himfelf miferable by the fear of poverty.
Though fhe be dearer to my foul than reft
To weary pilgrims, or to infers gold.
Rather than wrong Caftalio I’d forget her. Otway’s Orphan.
No filver faints by dying mifers giv’n.
Here brib’d the rage of ill-requited heav’n j
But fuch plain roofs as piety could raife.
And only vocal with the Maker’s praife. Popet
Miserable, adj. [miferable, French; mifer, Latin.]
1. Unhappy; calamitous; wretched.
O nation miferable,
With an untitled tyrant, bloody feepter’d !
When (halt thou fee thy wholefome days again ? Shakefp.
Moft miferable is the defire that’s glorious. Shakefpeare.
What’s more miferable than difeontent ? Shakefpeare.
It is probable that there will be a future ftate, and then
how miferable is the voluptuous unbeliever left in the lurch.
South’s Sermons.
What hopes delude thee, miferable man ? Dryden’s Ain.
2. Wretched; worthlefs.
Miferable comforters are ye all. Job xvi. 2.
3. Culpably parflmonious ; ftingy.
Mi'serableness. n.f [from miferable.] State of mifery.
Mi'serably. adv. [from miferable.]
1. Unhappily; calamitoufly.
Of the five employed by him, two of them quarrelled, one
of which was flain, and the other hanged for it; the third
drowned himfelf; the fourth, though rich, came to beg his
bread ; and the fifth was miferably ftabbed to death. South.
2. Wretchedly; meanly.
As the love I bear you makes me thus invite you, fo the
fame love makes me afhamed to bring you to a place, where
you fhall be fo, not fpoken by ceremony but by truth, miferMy entertained. Sidney, b. ii.
3. Covetoudy AhnCmrth.
Misery, n.f [mferta, Latin; mifere, French.]
1. Wretchednefs; unhappinefs.
My heart is drown’d with <mef.
My body round engirt with mifery. & Shakefp. Henry VI.
Happinefs, in its lull extent, is the utmoft pieafure we are
capable of, and mifery the utmoft pain. Locke.
2. Cafcimity ; misfortune ; caufe of mifery.
When we our betters fee bearing our woes.
We fcarccly think our miferies our foes. Shakefpeare.
The gods from heav’n furvey the fatal ftrife,
And mourn the miferies of human life. Dryden's An.
3. [Irom mifer.] Covetoufnefs ; avarice. Not in ufe.
He look’d upon things precious, as they were
The common muck o’ th’ world : he covets lefs
Than mifery itfelf would give. Shakefp. Cortolanus.
In a fabrick of forty thoufand pounds charge, I wifh thirty
pounds laid out before in an exadt model; tor a little mifery
may cafily breed fome abfurdity of greater charge. JVotton.
AIiseste'em.
M I S
Miseste'em. n.f. [mis and eflecm.] Difregard ; flight.
To Misfa'sHION. v. a. [mis and fafldon.J To form wrong.
A thing in reafon impoflible, thorough their misfajhioned
preconceit, appeared unto them no lefs certain, than if nature
Kad written it in the very foreheads of all the creatures of
Qpd. Hakewill on Providence.
To Misfo'rm. v. a. [mis and form.] To put in an ill form.
His monftrous l’calp down to his teeth it tore,
And that misformed fliape misfhaped more. Spenfer.
Misfo'rtune. n.f [mis andfortune,] Calamity; ill luck;
want of good fortune.
Fortune thus ’gan fay, mifery and misfortune is all one.
And of misfortune, fortune hath only the gift. Sidney.
What world’s delight, or joy of living fpeech,
Can heart lo plung’d in lea of forrows deep.
And heaped with fo huge misfortunes reach ? Fa.
Confider why the change was wrought,
You’ll find it his misfortune, not his fault. Addifon.
To MiSGl'vE. v.a. [mts and give.] To fill with doubt; to
deprive of confidence. It is ufed always with the reciprocal
pronoun.
As Henry’s late prefaging prophefy
Did glad my heart with hope of this young Richmond ;
So doth my heart mifgive me in thefe conflidls
What may befal him, to his harm or ours. Shakefpeare.
This is ftrange ! Who hath got the right Anne ?
My heart mifgives me. Sbakefp. Merry Wives ofJVindfor.
Yet oft his heart divine of lomething ill,
Mifgave him. Milton.
If a conference thus qualified and informed, be not the
meafure by which a man may take a true eftimate of his abfolution, the finner is left in the plunge of infinite doubts,
fufpicions, and mifgivings, both as to the meafures of his
prefent duty, and the final iffues of his future reward. South.
His heart mifgave him, that thefe were fo many meetinghoufes ; but, upon communicating his fufpicions, I foon made
him eafv. Addifon s Freeholder, N°. 47.
To Misgovern, v.a. [mis and govern.] To govern ill; to
adminifter unfaithfully,
Solyman charged him bitterly, that he had mifgoverned the
Rate, and inverted his treafures to his own private ufe.
Knolles’s Hiji. of the Turks.
Misgoverned, adj. [from mfgovern.] Rude; uncivilifed.
Rude, mfgoverrid hands, from window tops,
Threw dull and rubbilh on king Richard’s head. Shakefp.
MisgoVeRNANCE. n.f [mis and governance.] Irregularity.
Thy mufe too long flumbereth in forrowing,
Lulled afleep through-love’s mifgovernance. Spenfer's Pajl.
Misgovernment. n.f. [mis and government.J
1. Ill adminiftration of publick affairs.
Men lay the blame of thofe evils whereof they know not
the ground, upon publick mfgovernment. Raleigh’s EJfays.
2. Ill management.
Men are miferable, if their education hath been fo undifciplined, as to leave them unfurnifhed. of fkill to fpend their
time ; but moft miferable, if fuch mfgovernment and unfkilfulnefs make them fall into vicious company. Taylor.
3. Irregularity; inordinate behaviour.
"There is not chaftity enough in language
Without offence to utter them : thus, pretty lady,
I am forry for thy much mfgovernment. Shakefpeare.
Misguidance, n.f. [mis and guidance.] Falfe dire&ion.
The Nicene council fixed the equinox the twenty-firft of
March for the finding out of Eafter ; which has caufed the
mfguidance from the fun which we lie under in refpeft of
Eafter, and the moveable feafts. Holder on Time.
Whofoever deceives a man, makes him ruin himfelf; and
bycaufing an error in the great guide of his actions, hisjudg¬
ment, he caufes an error in his choice, the mifguidance of
which muft naturally engage him to his deftru£tion. South.
To Misgui'de. v. a. [mis and guide.] To dire£t ill; to lead
the-wrong way.
Hunting after arguments to make good one fide of a
queftion, and wholly to neglect thofe which favour the other,
is wilfully to mfguide the underftanding ; and is fo far from
giving truth its due value, that it wholly debafes it. Locke.
Mfguided prince ! no longer urge thy fate,
Nor tempt the hero to unequal war. Prior.
Of all the caufes which confpire to blind
Man’s erring judgment, and mfguide the mind,
What the weak head with ftrongeft biafs rules,
Is pride, the never-failing vice of fools. Pope.
Misha'p. n.f. [mis and hap.] Ill chance; ill luck; calaTo tell you what miferable mijhaps fell to the young prince
of Macedon his coufin, I fhould too much fill your ears with
ftrange horrours. Sidney, b. ii.
Since we are thus far entered into the confidcration of her
mijhaps, tell me, have there been any more fuch tempefts
wherein (he hath thus wretchedly been wrecked. Spenfer.
M I S
Sir knight, take to you wohted fttength,
And mafter thefe mijhaps with patient might. Fa. fflueen*
Rome’s readieft champions, repofe you here,
Secure from worldly chances and mijhaps. Shakefpeare.
It cannot be
But that fuccefs attends him : if mijhap,
Ere this he had return’d, with fury driv’11
By his avengers; fince no place like this
Can fit his punilhment, or your revenge. Milton's P. Lojl.
If the Worft of all mijhaps hath fallen,
Speak; for he could not die unlike himfelf. Denham.
Mi'shmash. n. f. Ainf. A low word. A mingle or hotch¬
potch.
To Misinfe'r. v. a. [mis and infer.] To infer wrong.
Neftorius teaching rightly, that God and man are diftindl
natures, did thereupon mifinfer, that in Chrift thofe natures
can by no conjunction make one perfon. Hooker, b. v.
To Misinform. v. a. [mis and inform.] To deceive by falfe
accounts.
Some belonged to a man of great dignity, and not as that
wicked Simon had mifinformed. 2 Mac. iii. 1 r.
By no means truft to your fervants, who miflead you, or
mifinform you ; the reproach will lie upon yourfelf. Bacon.
Bid her well beware,
Left by fome fair-appearing good furpriz’d.
She dictate falfe; and mifinform the will
To do what God exprefsly hath forbid. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Misinformation. n.J. [from mifinform.] Falfe intelligence;
falfe accounts. 7
Let not fuch be difeouraged as deferve well, by mifinformation of others, perhaps out of envy or treachery. Bacon.
The vengeance of God, and the indignation of men, will
join forces againft an infulting bafenefs, when backed with
greatnefs, and fet on by mifinformation. South's Sermons.
To Misinterpret, v. a. [mis and interpret.] To explain to
a wrong fenfe.
The gentle reader lefts happy to hear the worthieft works
mifinterpreted, the cleareft actions obfeured, and the innocenteft life traduced. Benj. Johnfon.
After all the care I have taken, there may be fevcral paffages mifquoted and mifmterpreted. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Misjo'in. v.a. [mis and join.] To join unfitly or impro¬
perly.
In reafon’s abfence mimick fancy wakes
To imitate her; but misjoining fhapes.
Wild work produces oft, and moft in dreams;
Ill-matching words, and deeds, long paft, or late. Milton.
Luther, more miftaking what he read.
Misjoins the facred body with the bread. Dryden.
To Misju'dge. v. a. [mis and judge.] To form falfe opinions;
to judge ill.
Where we misjudge the matter, a mifearriage draws pity
after it; but when we are tranfported by pride, our ruin lies
at OUr own door. L'Ejlrange.
You misjudge;
You fee through love, and that deludes your fight;
As, What is ftraight, feems crooked through the water.
Dryden's Allfor Love.
By allowing himfelf in what is innocent, he breeds offence
to his weak and misjudging neighbour. Atterbury's Sermons.
Infenlate !
Too long misjudging have I thought thee wife.
But fure relentlels folly fteels thy breaft. Pope.
To Mjsla'y. v. a. [mis and lay.] To lay in a wrong place.
Mean time my worthy wife, our arms mifay'd.
And from beneath my head my fword convey’d. Dryden.
The fault is generally mifaid upon nature ; and there is
often a complaint of want of parts, when the fault lies in
want of a due improvement* Locke.
If the butler be the tell-tale, mifay a fpoon, fo as he may
never find it. Swift's Rules to Servants.
Misla'yer. n.f [from mifay.] One that puts in the wrong
place.
The mifayer of a mere-ftonc is to blame : but the unjuft
judge is the capital remover of land-marks, when he defineth
amifs of lands. Bacon's EJJays.
To Misle'ad. v. a. [mis and lead.] To guide a wrong way ;
to betray to mifehief or miftake.
Take, oh take thofe lips away,
That fo fweetly were forfworn;
And thofe eyes, the break of day.
Lights that do mifcad the morn. Shakefpeare.
Thofe we love.
That are mifed upon yourcoufin’s part. Shakejp. Henry IV.
Poor mifed men : your ftates are yet worthy pity.
If you would hear, and change your favage minds,
Leave to be mad. Benj. Johnfon s CatJir.e.
Truft not to your fervants who miflead or mifinform you.
Bacon's Advice to Vfliers.
O thievifli
J
M I S M I S
O thievifh night,
Vv' hy fhould’ft thou but for fome felonious end,
In thy dark lanthorn thus clofe up the ftars.
That nature hung in heav’n, and fill’d their lamp3
With everlafting oil, to give due light
To the m'tjled and lonely traveller ? Milton.
What can they teach and not mifead:
Ignorant of themfelves, of God much more ? Milton.
Thou who haft taught me to forgive the ill,
And recompenfe, as friends, the good mijled;
If mercy be a precept of thy will.
Return that mercy on thy fervant’s head. Dryden.
The imagination, which is of fimple perception, doth
never of itfelf, and direcftly, mijlead us ; yet it is the almoft
fatal means of our deception. Glanvilie's Seep.
Whatever neceflky determines to the purfuit of real blifs,
the fame neceflky eftablifhes fufpence, and ferutiny of each
fucceflive defire, whether the fatisfadfion of it does not inter¬
fere with our true happinefs, and mijlead us from it. Locke.
’Tis hard to fay, if greater want of fkill
Appear in writing or in judging ill*:
But of the two lefs dang’rous is th’ offence
To tire our patience, than mijlead our fenfe. Pope.
Misle'ader. n.J. [from mijlead.] One that leads to ill.
When thou doft hear I am as I have been.
Approach me, and thou fhalt be as thou waft,
The tutor and the feeder of my riots;
Till then I banifh thee on pain of death.
As I have done the reft of my mijleaders. Shakejpeare.
They have declaimed and abandoned thofe heretical phantafies touching our Saviour, wherein by their mijleaders they
had been anciently plunged. Brcreivood on Languages.
To Misli'ke. v. a. [mis and like."] To difapprove ; to be not
pleafed with ; to diflike.
It was hard to fay, whether he more liked his doings, or
mijliked the effect of his doings. Sidney.
Tertullian was not deceived in the nature of the place;
but Aquinas, who mijliked this opinion, followed a worfe.-
Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
Judge not the preacher, for he is thy judge :
If thou mijlike him, thou conceiv’d: him not. Herbert.
Misli'ke. n.J. [from the verb.] Difapprobationj diftafte.
Setting your fcorns and your mijlike afide,
Tell me fome reafon, why the lady Gray •
Should not become my wife. Shakejp. Henry VI.
Their angry geftures with mijlike difclofe,
How much his fpeech offends their noble ears. Fairfax.
Misli'ker. n.f. [from tnifike.] One that difapproves.
Open flatterers of great men, privy mifibers of good men,
fair fpeakers with finding countenances. Afcham.
Mi'slen. n.f [corrupted from mifcellane.~\ Mixed com: as,
wheat and rie.
They commonly fow thofe lands with wheat, mifen, and
barley. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
To Mi'sle. v. n. [from mif.] To rain in imperceptible drops,
like a thick mift : properly mijlle.
Ynough, thou mourned haft,
Now ginnes to mizzle, hie we homeward faft. Spenfer.
The very fmall drops of a mifing rain defeending through
a freezing air, do each of them fhoot into one of thofe
figured icicles. Greta's Cofmol. b. i.
This cold precipitates the vapours either in dews, or, if
the vapours more copioufly afeend, they are condenfed into
mifing, or into fhowers of fmall rain, falling in numerous,
thick, fmall drops. Derham’s Phyfico-Theol.
In mifing days when I my threfher heard,
With nappy beer I to the barn repair’d. Gay's Paforals.
To Misli've. v. n. [mis and live.] To live ill.
Should not thilke God, that gave him that good,
Eke cherifh his child if in his ways he ftood,
tor if he mifive in leudnefs and luft,
Little boots all the wealth and the truft. Spenfer's Paf.
To Mismanage, v. a. [mis and manage.] To manage ill.
The debates of moft princes councils would be in dangty:
to be mifnetnaged, lince thofe who have a great ftroke in them
are not always perfectly knowing in the forms of fyllogifm.
Locke.
Mismanagement, n.f. [mis and management.] Ill manage¬
ment ; ill conduit.
It is mifnanagement more than want of abilities, that men
have reafon to complain of in thofe that differ from them.
Locke.
The falls of fav’rites, projects of the great,
Of old mifnanagements, taxations new,
AH neither wholly falfe, nor wholly true. Pope.
1 o Misma'rk. v. a. [mis and mark.] Tctmark with the wrong
token.
I hing-s are mifmarked in contemplation and life for want
of application or integrity. Collier on human Reajon.
To Mismatch, v. a. [mts and match.] To match unfuitably, .j
What at my years forfaker.! had I
Ugly, or old, mifmatcht to my defires,
My natural defeits had taught me
To let me down contented. Southern s Spartan Dame.
To Misna'me. v. a. [mis and name.] Io call by the wrong
name.
They make one man’s fancies, or perhaps failings, confimn
laws to others, and convey them as fuch to their fucceeders,
who are bold to mifname all unobfequioufnefs to their incogitancy, prefumption. Boyle on Colours.
MISNO'MER. n.f. [French.] Inlaw, an indi&ment, or any
other ail vacated by a wrong name.
To Misobse'rve. v. a. [mis and obfer-ve.] Not to obferve ac¬
curately.
They underftand it as early as they do language ; and, it
I mifobferve not, they love to be treated as rational creatures
fooner than is imagined. Locke on Education*
Miso'gamist. n.f. [juht£ and yol^^y.] A marriage hater.
Miso'gyny. n.f. [y.icct) and yuvr!.] Hatred of women.
To Miso'rder. v. a. [mis and order.] To corvdud ill; to ma¬
nage irregularly.
If the child mifs either in forgetting a word, or mifordering the fentence, I would not have the mafter frown. Afcham.
Yet few of them come to any great age, by reafon of their
mifordered life when they were young. AJcham.
The time mijorder'd doth in common fenle
Crowd us, and cruflh us to this monftrous form,
To hold our fafety up. Shakejp. Henry IV. p. ii.
Miso'rder. n.f. [from the verb.] Irregularity; diforderly pro¬
ceedings.
When news was brought to Richard the fecond, that fiis
uncles, who fought to reform the miforders of his counfellors, were aflembled in a wood near unto the court, merrily
demanded of one Sir Hugh a Linne, who had been a good
military man, but was then fomewhat diftraught of his wits,
what he v/ould advife him to do ? Iffite out, quoth Sir Hugh,
and flay them every mother’s fon; and when thou haft fo
done, thou haft killed all the faithful friends thou haft in
England. Camden's Remains'.
O
Miso'rderly. adj. [from miforder.] Irregular.
His over-much fearing of you drives him to feek fome miforderly fhift, to be helped by fome other book, or to be
prompted by fome other fcholar. Afcham's Schoolmafer.
To Mispe'l. v. a. [mis and fpell.] To fpell wrong.
She became a profeft enemy to the arts and fciences, and
fcarce ever wrote a letter to him without wilfully mifpelling
his name. Speflator, N°. 635.'
To Mispend. v. a. preterite and £>art. paflive mifpent. [mis
and fpend.]
1. To fpend ill; to wrafte; to confume to no purpofe; to throw
away.
What a deal of cold bufinefs doth a man mifpend the bet¬
ter part of life in ? In fcattering compliments, tendering vifits,
gathering and venting news. Benj. Johnfons Difcovery.
Firft guilty confidence does the mirrour bring.
Then (harp remorfe fhoots out her angry fting;
And anxious thoughts, within themfelves at ftrife.
Upbraid the long mifpent, luxurious life. Dryden:
I this writer’s want of fenfe arraign,
Treat all his empty pages with difdain, >
And think a grave reply mifpent and vain. Blackmore. 3
He who has lived with the greateft care will find, upon a
review of his time, that he has fomething to redeem; but he
who has mifpent much has ftill a greater concern. Rogers.
Wife men retrieve, as far as they are able, every mifpent
Rogers.
2.
or unprofitable hour which has flipped from them.
To wafte, with the reciprocal pronoun.
Now let the arched knife their thirfty limbs
Diflever, for the genial moifture due
To apples, otherwife mifpends itfelf
In barren twigs. Philips.
Mispe'nder. n.f. [frommifpend.] One who fpends ill or
prodigally.
I very much fufpeift the excellency of thofe mens parts
who are diffolute, and carelefs mifpenders of their time.
. . # Norris's Mijcel.
Mispersua'sion. n.J. [mis and perjuafon.] Wrong notion;
falfe opinion.
Some mijperjuajions concerning the Divine Attributes tend
to the corrupting mens manners. Decay ofPiety.
To Mispla'ce. v. a. [mis and place.] To put in a wrong place.
I’ll have this crown of mine cut from my fhoulders.
Before I’ll fee the crown fo foul mifplacd. Shakejpeare,
What little arts govern the world ! wc need not
An armed enemy or corrupted friend.
When fervice but mifplac'dy or love miftaken.
Performs the work. Denham's Sophy.
Is a man betrayed by fuch agents as he employs ? He mifplaced his confidence, took hypocrify for fidelity, and fo re¬
lied upon the ferviccs of a pack of villains. South's Sermons.
Shall
oq
M I S M I S
Shall we repine at a little mifpiaced chatfty ; we* who could
no way forefee the eft'eCi ? Atterbury s Sermons.
To Mis’po'int. v. a. [mis and point."] To confufe fentencfes
by wrong punctuation.
To Misprise* v. a. Sometimes it fignifies miftaken, from
the French verb tnefprendre; fometimes undervalued or difdained, from the French verb meprifer. Hanmcr. It is in
both lenfes wholly obfolete.
1. To miftake.
You ipend your paflion on a mtfpris'd mood ;
I am not guilty of Lyfarider’s blood. Sbakefpeare.
2. To flight; to (corn ; to defpife.
He’s fo much in the heart of the world, and efpecially of
mv own people who belt know him, that I am altogether
mifprifed. Sbakefp. As you like it.
Pluck indignation on thy head;
By the mifprijing of a maid, too virtuous
For the contempt of empire. Shakefpearc.
Misprision. n.J. [from mifprije.]
1. Scorn ; contempt.
Here take her hand.
Proud fcornful boy, unworthy this good gift!
That doth in vile mifprifion lhackle up
My love, and her defert. Sbakefpeare.
2. Miftake; mifconception.
Thou halt miftaken quite,
And laid thy love juice on fome true love’s fight;
Of thy mifprifion mult perforce enfue
Some true.love turn’d, and not a falfe turn’d true. Sbakefp.
We feel fuch or fuch a fentiment within us, and herein is
no cheat or mifprifion ; it is truly fo, and our fenfe concludes
nothing of its rile. Glanville's Seep.
3. [In common law.] It fignifies negleCl, negligence, or over¬
fight. Mifprifion of treafon is the concealment, or not difclofing, of known treafon ; for the which the offenders are
to fuffer imprifonment during the king’s plealure, lofe their
goods and the profits of their lands during their lives. Mif¬
prifion of felony, is the letting any perlon, committed for
treafon or felony, or fufpicion of either, to go before he be
indided. Cowel.
To Mispropo'rtion. v. a. [mis and proportion.'] To join
without due proportion.
Mispro'ud. adj. [mis and proud.] Vitioufly proud. Obfolete.
Now I fall, thy tough commixtures melt.
Impairing Henry, ftrength’ning mifproud York. Sbakefp.
To Misquo'te. v. a. [mis and quote.] To quote falfly.
Look bow we can, or fad, or merrily,
Interpretation will mifquote our looks. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
After all the care I have taken, there may be leveral paffages mifquoted. « Arbutbnot on Coins.
To Misreci'te. v. a. [mis and recite.] To recite not accord¬
ing to the truth.
He mifrecitcs the argument, and denies the confequence,
which is clear. Bijhop Bramhall again/I Hobbes.
To Misre'ckon. v. a. [mis and reckon.] To reckon wrong;
to compute wrong.
Whoever finds a miftake in the fum total, muff: allow himfelf out, though after repeated trials he may not fee in which
article he has mifreckoned. Swift.
To Misrela'te. v. a. [mis and relate.] To relate inaccurately
or falfly.
To fatisfy me that he mifrelated not the experiment, he
brought two or three fmall pipes of glafs, which gave me the
opportunity of trying it. Boyle.
Misrela'tion. n.f. [from mifrelate.] Falfe or inaccurate nar¬
rative.
Mine aim was only to prefs home thofe things in writing,
which had been agitated between us by word of mouth; a
courfe much to be preferred before verbal conferences, as be¬
ing lefs fubjeCl to miftakes and mifrelations, and wherein paralogifms are more quickly detected. Bijhop Bramhall.
To Misreme'mber. v.a. [mis and remember.] To miftake by
trufting to memory.
If I much mifremember not, I had fuch a fpirit from peas
kept long enough to lofe their verdure. Boyle.
To Misrepo'rt. v. a. [mis and report.] To give a falfe ac¬
count of; to give an account difadvantageous and falfe.
His do&rine was mijreported, as though he had every¬
where preached this, not only concerning the Gentiles, but
alfo touching the Jews. Hooker, b. iv.
A man that never yet
Did, as he vouches, mifreport your grace. Sbakefpeare.
The wrong judgment that mifleads us, and makes the will
often fallen on the worfe fide, lies in mifreporting upon the
various comparifons of theie. Locke.
Misrepo'rt. n.f. [from the verb.] Falfe account; falfe and
malicious reprefentation.
We defend him not,
Only defire to know his crime: ’tis poflible
It may be fome miftake or mifreport,
Some falfe fuggeftion, or malicious fcandal. Denham.
Pope.
Tbomfon.
As by flattery a man is ufually brought to open his bofopl
to his mortal enemy, fo by detraction, and a flanderous mif¬
report of perfons, he is often brought to ftiut the fame even
to his beft and trueft friends. South's Sermons.
To Misrepresent, v. a. [mis and reprefent.] To reprefent
riot as it is ; to falfify to difadvantage : mis often fignifies
not only error, but malice or mifehief.
Two qualities neceft’ary to a reader before his judgment
fhould be allowed are, common honefty and common fenfe ;
and that no man could have mifreprefented that paragraph,
unlefs he were utterly deftitute of one or both. Swift.
While it is fo difficult to learn the fprings of fome faCts,
and fo eafy to forget the circumftances of others, it is no
wonder they fhould be fo grofly mifreprefented to the publick
by curious and inquifitive heads, who proceed altogether upon
conjectures. Stvift.
Misrepresentation, n.f [from mifreprefent.]
1. The aCt of mifreprefenting.
They have prevailed by mifreprefentations, and other arti¬
fices, to make the fuccefTof look upon them as the onlv per¬
fons he can truft. Swift.
2. Account maiicioufly falfe.
Since I have fhewn him his foul miftakes and injurious
mifreprefentations, it will become him publickly to own and
retraCt them. Atterbury.
Misru'le. n.f. [mis and rule.] Tumult; confufion; revel;
unjuft domination.
^ In the portal plac’d, the heav’n-born maid.
Enormous riot, and mifrule furvey’d.
And through his airy hall the loud mifrule
Of driving tempeft, is for ever heard.
Miss. n.f. [contracted from miflrefs. Bailey.]
1. The term of honour to a young girl.
Where there are little mafters and miffes in a houfe, they
are great impediments to the diverlions of the fervants. S%It.
2. A ftrumpet; a concubine ; a whore ; a proftitute.
All women would be of one piece,
The virtuous matron and the mifs. HudibYas, p. iii.
This gentle cock, for folace of his life,
Six miffes had befides his lawful wife. Drpden.
To Miss. v.a. [mijfen, Dutch and German.] Miffed prefer.
7.nifl part.
I. Not to hit by the mind ; to miftake.
Nor can I mifs the way, fo ftrongly drawn
By this new-felt attraction, and inftiriCL
Not to hit by manual aim.
The life you boafted to your jav’lin giv’n*
Prince, you have mifs'd.
To fail of obtaining.
If (he defired above all things to have Orgalus, Qrgalus
feared nothing but to mifs Parthenia. ^ Sidney.
So may I, blind fortune leading me,
Mifs that, which one unworthier may attain ;
And die with grieving. Sbakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Where fhall a maid’s diftraCted heart find reft,
If fhe can mifs it in her lover’s breaft ? Dryden.
When a man miffes his great end, happinefs, he will ac¬
knowledge he judged not right. Locke.
To difeover fomething to be unexpectedly wanting.
Without him I found a weaknefs, and a miftruftfulnefs of
myfelf, as one ftrayed from his beft ftrength, when at any
time I miffed him. Sidney.
In vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wildernefs, fo that nothing Was miffed. 1 Sa?n. xxv. 21.
To be without.
We cannot mifs him; he does make our fire.
Fetch in our wood. Sbakefpeare's Tempef.
To omit.
She would never mifs one day,
A walk fo fine, a fight fo gay. Prior.
7. To perceive want of.
My redoubl’d love and care,
May ever tend about thee to old age
With all things grateful chear’d, and fo fupply’d.
That what by me thou haft loft thou leaft (halt mifs. Milt.
He who has a firm, fincere friend, may want all the reft
without miffing them. South's Sermons.
To Miss. v. n.
To fly wide ; not to hit.
Flying bullets now
To execute his rage, appear too flow,
They mifs or fweep but common fouls away. Wallerf
Not to fucceed.
The general root of fuperftition is, that men obferve when
things hit, and not when they mijs; and commit to memory
the one, and forget and pafs over the other. Bacon.
To fail; to miftake.
To be loft; to be wanting.
My lord,
Upon my lady’s miffing, came to me
With his fword drawn. Sbakefp. Cymbdine.
Thy
2.
3-
Milton.
Pope.
6.
1.
M I S
T hy fhcphci ds we hurt not, neither was there ought Snif¬
fing unto them. i Sam. xxv. 7.
For a time caught up to God, as once
Mofcs was in the mount, and miffing long,
And the great Thilbite, who on fiery wheels
Rode up to heaven, yet once again to come. Milt. Par. R.
5* To mifearry ; to fail.
Th’ invention all admir’d, and each, how he
To be th’inventor mifs’d, fo eafy it feem’d,
Once found, which yet unfound moft would have thought
Impoffible. Milton’s Pap. Loff b. v.
6. To fail to obtain, learn, or find : fometimes with of before
the object.
Grittus miffing of the Moldavian fell upon Maylat. Knolles.
The moral and relative perfections of the Deity are eafy
to be undetftood by us ; upon the lead reflection we cannot
mifs of them. Atterburfs Sermons.
Miss, n.f [from the verb.]
1 - Lofs ; want.
In humble dales is footing fad,
The trode is not fo tickle.
And though one fall through heedlefs hade,
Yet is his iniffe not mickle. Spenfer’s Pajlorals.
I could have better fpar’d a better man.
Oh, I fhould have a heavy mifs of thee, -
If I were much in love with vanity. Shakefp. Henry IV.
If thefe papers have that evidence in them, there will be
no great mifs of thofe which are lod, and my reader may be
fatisfied without them. Locke.
2.Miftake; errour.
He did without any great mifs in the harded points of
grammar. Afcbam’s Schoobnajler.
Mi'ssal. n.f. [miffale, Lat. tniffel, Fr.] The mafs book.
By the rubrick of the mijjal, in every folemn mafs, the
pried is to go up to the middle of the altar. Stillingfleet.
To Missa'y. v. n. [mis and fay.] To fay ill or wrong.
Their ill haviour garres men miffay,
Both of their doCIrine and their fay. Spenfer’s Pafl.
Diggon Davie, I bid her godday.
Or Diggon her is, or I miffay. Spenfer’s Pafl.
We are not dwarfs, but of equal dature, if Vives miffay
not. Hakewill on Providence.
To Misse'em. v. n. [mis and feemf
1. To make falfe appearance.
Foul Dueffa meet.
Who with her witchcraft and miffeeming fweet
Inveigled her to follow her defires unmeet. Fairy fhteen.
2. To mifbecome. Obfolete both.
Never knight I faw in fuch miffeeming plight. Fa. Uhi.
To Misse'rve. v. a. [mis and ferve.'] To ferve unfaithfully.
Great men, who mifferved their country, were fined very
highly. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Missha'pe. v. a. part, mifnaped and mifhapen. [mis and
Jhape.] To drape ill; to form ill; to deform.
A rude mifhapen, mondruous rabblement. Fa. phi.
His mondruous fcalp down to his teeth it tore.
And that misformed drape, misfhaped more. Fairy ffueen.
. Him then fire does transform to mondruous hues.
And horribly 7nisflsapes with ugly fights,
Captiv’d eternally in iron mews. Fairy ^ueen, l. ii.
This misfhaped knave,
His mother was a witch. Shakefpeare’s Temptft.
And will fhe yet debafe her eyes on me.
On me that halt and am misffoapen thus. Shak. Rich. III.
Let the misfhaped trunk that bears this head
Be round impaled with a glorious crown. Shakefpeare.
Pride will have a fall : the beautiful trees go all to the
wreck here, and only the misfbapen and defpicable dwarf is
left danding. * L’Eflrange.
Pluto hates his own misfbapen race.
Her lifter furies fly her hideous face. Dryden’s Ain.
They make bold to dedroy ill-formed and misfhaped pro¬
ductions. Locke.
The Alps broken into fo many deps and precipices, form
one of the mod irregular, mifhapen feenes in the world. Addif.
We ought not to believe that the banks of the ocean are
really deformed, becaufe they have not the form of a regular
bulwark; nor that the mountains are misfbapen, becaufe they
are not exaCt pyramids or cones. Bentley’s Sermons.
Some figures mondrous and misfhap’d appear
Confider’d fingly, or beheld too near,
Which but proportion’d to their fite or place,
Due didancc reconciles to form andrgrace. Pope.
2. In Shakefpeare, perhaps, it once iignifies ill directed : as, to
Jhape a courfe.
Thy wit, that ornament to Ihape and love,
Misfbapen in the conduct of them both.
Like powder in a Ikill-lefs foldiers flalk,
i fet on fire. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Mi'ssile. adj. [miffilis, Lat.] Thrown by the hand ; driking
at didance.
Wc bend the bow, or wing the tniffile dart. Pope.
M I S
Mission, n.f. [miffio, Latin.]
1. Commiflion; the date of being fent by fuprerae authority.
Her fon tracing the defart wild,
All his great work to come before him fet,
How to begin, how to accomplifh bed,
His end of being on earth, and miffion high. Milt. Pa. Reg.
The divine authority of our miffion, and the powers veded
in us by the high-pried of our profedion, Chrid Jefus, are
publickly difputed and denied. Atterbury.
2. Perfons fent.on any account, ufually to propagate religion.
In thefe fhips there fhould be a miffion of three of the bre¬
thren of Solomon’s houfe, to give us knowledge of the
fciences, manufactures, and inventions of all the world, and
bring us books and paterns; and that the brethren fhould
day abroad till the new miffion. Bacon’s New Atlantis.
3. Difmiflion ; difeharge. Not in ufe.
In Cefar’s army, fomewhat the foldiers would have had,
yet only demanded a miffion or difeharge, though with no in¬
tention it fhould be-granted, but thought to wrench him to
their other defires ; whereupon with one cry they afked mif¬
fion. Bacon’s Apophth.
4. Faction; party. Not in ufe. ^
Glorious deeds, in thefe fields of late,
Made emulous miffions ’mongd the gods themfelves.
And drove great Mars to faCtion. Shakefpeare.
Missionary. 1 n.f. [mifftonaire, French.] One fent to propaMi'ssioner. S gate religion.
You mention the prefbyterian miffionary, who hath been
perfecuted for his religion. Swift.
Like mighty mijfioner you come,
Ad partes infidelium. Dryden.
Mi'ssive. adj. [;miffive, French.]
1. Such as may be fent.
The king grants a licence under the great feal, called a
conge d’eflire, to eleCt the perfon he has nominated by his
letters miffive. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
2. Ufed at diftance.
In vain with darts a diftant war they try.
Short, and more fhort, the miffive weapons fly. Dryden.
MI'SSIVE. n.f. [French.]
1. A letter fent: it is retained in Scotland in that fenfe.
Great aids came in to him; partly upon miffives, and
partly voluntaries from many parts. Bacon’s Henry Vil.
2. A meflenger.
Rioting in Alexandria, you
Did pocket- up my letters ; and with taunts
Did gibe my miffive out of audience. Shakefpeare.
While wrapt in the wonder of it came miffives from the
king, who all hail’d me thane of Cawder. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Misspe'ak. v. a. [mis and fpeak.] To fpeak wrong.
It is not fo ; thou haft mifpoke, mifheard ;
Tell o’er thy tale again. Shakefp. King Lear.
A mother delights to hear
Her early child miffpeak hair-utter’d words. Donne.
Mist. n.f. [nnpr, Saxon.]
1. A low thin cloud; a fmall thin rain not perceived in fingle
drops.
Old Chaucer, like the morning ftar.
To us difeovers day from far;
His light thofe rnifls and clouds diflolv’d
Which our dark nation long involv’d. Denham.
And rnifls condens’d to clouds obfeure the fky.
And clouds diflolv’d, the thirfty ground fupply. Rofcommon.
As a mifl is a multitude of fmall but folid globules, which
therefore defeend ; fo a vapour, and therefore a watry cloud,
is nothing elfe but a congeries of very fmall and concave glo¬
bules, which therefore alcend to that height, in which they
are of equal weight with the air, where they remain fufpended, till by fome motion in the air, being broken, they de¬
feend in folid drops; either fmall, as in a miff or bigger,
when many of them run together, as in rain. Grew.
But hov’ring rnifls around his bfows are fpread,
And night with fable lhades involves his head. Dr:den.
A cloud is nothing but a mifl flying high in the air, "as a
mifl is nothing but a cloud here below. Locke.
2. Any thing that dims or darkens.
My peoples eyes were once blinded with fuch rnifls of fufpicion, they are foon milled into the moft defperate actions.
King Charles.
His paflion caft a mifl before his fenfe,
And either made or magnify’d th’ offence. Dryden„
1 o Mist. v. a. [from the noun.] To cloud ; to cover with a
vapour or fteam.
Lend me a looking-glafs ;
If that her breath will mifl or ftain the ftone,
Why then fhe lives. Shakefp. King Lear.
Mista'kable. adj. [from miftake.] Liable to be conceived
wrong.
It is not ftrange to fee the difference of a thifd part in fo
large an account, if we confider how differently they are fet
forth in minor and lefs mijlakable numbers. Brown.
To
M I S M I S
Pope.
To Mi&ta'ke. v. a. [mis and take.] To conceive wrong; to
take iomething for that which it is not.
The towns, neither of the one fide nor the other, willingly
opening their gates to Grangers, nor ftrangers willingly en¬
tering for fear of being mifaken. Sidney.
Thefe did truly apprehend a great affinity between their
practice of invocation of faints and the heathen idolatry, or
elfe there was no danger one Ihould be mijiaken for the other.
Stillingjleet.
This if negle&ed will make the reader very much mi/take,
and' mifunderftand his meaning, and render the fenfe very
perplexed. Locke.
Fancy paffes for knowlege, and what is prettily faid is mijtaken for folid. Locke.
Fools into the notion fall,
That vice or virtue there is none at all :
Afk your own heart, and nothing is fo plain,
’Tis to mijiake them cofts the time and pain.
To Mista'ke. v. n. To err; not to judge right.
Seeing God found folly in his angels; mens judgments,
which inhabit thefe houfes of clay, cannot be without their
mfakings. Raleigh’s Hijl. of the JVorlcl.
Seldom any one mifakes in his names of Ample ideas, or
applies the name red to the idea green, Locke.
Servants mijiake, and fometimes occafion mifunderftanding, among friends. Swift.
Mjsta’en. pret. and part, paffi of mijiake for mijiaken, and fo
retained in Scotland.
This dagger hath mijla’en; for lo ! the ffieath
Lies empty on the back of Mountague,
The point misiheathed in my daughter’s bpfom. Shakefp.
Tc be Mista'ken. To err.
England is fo idly king’d.
—You are too much mifaken in this.king:
Queftion, your grace, the late embaffadors.
How modeft in exception, and withal
• How terrible in conftant refolution, Shakefp. Henry V.
Mijiaken Brutus thought to break their yoke.
But cut the bond of union with that llroke. JValler.
Mista'ke. n.f [from the verb.] Mifconception; error.
He never ffiall find out fit mate ; but fuch
As fome misfortune brings him, or mijiake. Milton.
Infallibility is an abfolute fecurity of the underftanding from
all poffibility of mijiake in what it believes. Tillotfon.
Thofe terrors are not to be charged upon religion, which
proceed either from the want of religion, or fuperftitious miftakes about it. Bentley's Sermons.
Mista'kingly. adv. [from mifak'mg.] Erroneoufiy ; falfiy.
The error is not in the eye, but in the eftimative faculty,
which mijlakingly concludes that colour to belong to the wall
which does indeed belong to the objedt. Boyle on Colours.
To Mista'te. v.a. [mis andfate.] To ftate wrong.
They mifate the queftion, when they talk of preffing cere¬
monies. Bijhop Sanderfan.
To Miste'ach. v. a. [mis and teach.] To teach wrong.
Such guides fhall be fet over the feveral congregations as
will be fure to mifeach them. Bijhop Sanderjon.
The extravagances of the lewdeft life are the more confummate diforders of a mijlaught or neglected youth.
L’Ejlrange’s Rabies.
To Miste'l. v. a. [mis and tell.] To tell unfaithfully or in¬
accurately.
To Miste'mper. v. a. [mis and temper.] To temper ill; to
difordcr.
This inundation of mifemper'd humour
Refts by you only to be qualified. Shakefp. King John.
Mi'ster. adj. [from mcfiier, trade, French.] What infer,
what kind of.
The redcrofs knight toward him crofted faft,
To weet what infer wight was fo difmay’a,
There him he finds all fenfelefs and aghaft. Spenfer.
To Miste'rm. v.a. [mis anti term. ] To term erroneoufiy.
Hence banifhed, is banith’d from the world ;
And world exil’d is death. That banifhed
Is death mferm'd. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
To MistHi'nk. v. a. [mis and think.] To think ill; to think
wrong.
How will the country, for thjefe woful chances,
Mfhink the king, and not be fatisfy’d. Shakejpeare.
We, the greateft, are mifbought
For things that others do. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
T houghts ! which how found they harbour in thy breaft,
Adam ! Mifbought of her to thee fo dear ? Milton.
To Misti'me. v. a. [mis and time.] Not to time right; not
to adapt properly with regard to time.
VIi'stinf.ss. n.f. [from mify.] Cloudinefs; ftate of being
overcaft.
The fpeedy depredation of air upon watry moifture, and
verfion of the fame into air, appeareth in the fudden vanfthing of vapours from glafs, or the blade of a fword, fuch as
doth not at all detain or imbibe the moifture, for the mifinefs
fcattereth immediately. Bacon s Nat. Hf. N°. 91.
Mi'stion. n.f [from mifus, Latin.] The ftate of being
mingled.
In animals manya£lion« are mixt, and depend upon their
living form as well as that of mifion, and though they wholly
leem to retain linto the body, depart upon difunion. Browne.
Both bodies do, by the new texture refulting from their
mijlion, produce colour. Boyle on Colours
Mistletoe, n.f. [inypreltan, Saxon; mifel, Danifh, bird¬
lime, and tan, a twig.] A plant.
The flower of the mijlletoe confifts of one leaf, which is
Ihaped like a bafon, divided into four parts, and befet with
warts ; the ovary which is produced in the female flowers is
placed in a remote part of the plant from the male flowers,
and confifts of four fhortcr leaves; this becomes a round berry
full of a glutinous fubftance, inclofing a plain heart-fhaped
feed : this plant is always produced from feed, and is not to
be cultivated in the earth, as moft other plants, but will
always grow upon trees; from whence the ancients account¬
ed it a luper-plant, who thought it to be an excrefcence on
the tree without the feed being previoufly lodged there, which
opinion is now generally confuted. The manner of its pro¬
pagation is as follows, viz. the mifetoe thrufti, which feeds
upon the berries of this plant in winter when it is ripe, doth
open the feed from tree to tree ; for the vifcous part of the
berry, which immediately furrounds the feed, doth fometimes
fallen it to the outward part of the bird’s beak, which, to
get difengaged of, he ftrikes his beak at the branches of a
neighbouring tree, and fo leaves the feed flicking by this vif¬
cous matter to the bark, which, if it lights upon a linooth
part of the tree, will fallen itfelf, and the following winter
put out and grow: the trees which this plant doth moft rea¬
dily take upon are the apple, the alh, and fome other linooth
rind trees: it is obfervable, that whenever a branch of an
oak tree hath any of thefe plants growing upon it, it is cut
off, and preferved by the curious in their collections of na¬
tural curiofities. Miller.
If fnowe do continue, fheepe hardly that fare
Crave mifle and ivie for them for to fpare. Tujfer’s Hufb.
A barren and detefted vale, you fee it is :
The trees, though Summer, yet forlorn and lean,
O’ercome with mofs, and baleful mijfelto. Shakefpeare.
Mijfeltoe groweth chiefly upon crab trees, apple trees, fome¬
times upon hazles, and rarely upon oaks; the mijfeltoe whereof
is counted very medicinal: it is ever green Winter and Sum¬
mer, and beareth a white gliftering berry; and it is a plant
utterly differing from the plant upon which it groweth. Bacon.
All your temples ftrow
With laurel green, and lacred mifeioci Gay's Trivia.
Mi'stlike. adj. [mif, and like,] Refembling a rhift.
Good Romeo, hide thyfelf.
—Not I, unlefs the breath of heart-fick groans,
Mijilike infold me from the fearch of eyes. Shakefpeare,
Misto'ld, particip. paffi of mifell.
Misto'ok, particip. paffi of mijiake.
Look nymphs, and Ihepherds look.
What fudden blaze of majefty,
Too divine to be mifook. Milton.
Mi'stress. n.f. [mafrefe, maitreffe, French.]
1. A woman who governs: correlative to fubjedl or to fervant.
Here flood he in the dark, his fharp fword out,
Mumbling of wicked charms, conj’ring the moon
To Hand’s aufpicious mfrefs. Shakefp. King Lear.
Let us prepare
Some welcome for the mifrefs of the houfe. Shakefpeare.
Like the lily.
That once was mifrefs of the field and flourilh’d,
I’ll hang my head and perifh. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
He’ll make your Paris louvre {hake for it,
Were it the mifrefs court of mighty Europe. Shakefpeare.
I will not charm my tongue; I’m bound to fpeak ;
My mifrefs here lies murther’d in her bed. Shakefp. Othello.
The late queen’s gentlewoman ! a knight’s daughter !
To be her mfrefs' infrefs ! the queen’s -queen. Shakefp.
Rome now is mfrefs of the whole world, fea and land,
to either pole. Benj. Johnfon's Catiline.
Wonder not, fov’reign mifrefs ! if perhaps
Thou can’ll, who art lole wonder; much lefs arm
Thy looks, the heav’n of mildnefs, with difdain. Milton.
Thole who affert the lunar orb prefides
O’er humid bodies, and the ocean guides ;
Whofe waves obfequious ebb, or fwelling run
With the declining or encrealing moon ;
With reafon feem her empire to maintain
As mifrefs of the rivers and the main. Blackmore.
What a miferable fpetftacle, for a nation that had been
mifrefs at fea fo long ! Arbnthnot on Coins.
2. A woman who poflefles faculties uninjured.
There had fhe enjoyed herlelf while {he was mifrefs of
herfelf, and had no other thoughts but fuch as might arife
out of quiet fenfes. Sidney, b. ii.
Aires
•k'
4
M I S M I T
Ages to come, that fhall ydur bounty hear,
Will think you mi/lrejs of the Indies were ;
Though {freighter bounds your fortune did confine,
In your large heart was found a wealthy mine. IValleh.
3. A woman {killed in any thing.
A letter dcfires all young wives tb make themfelves miftreffes of Wingate’s Arithmetick. Addiforis Spett. N°. 92.
4. A woman teacher.
Eredl publick fchools, provided with the belt and ableft
mafters and niifrejfes. Swift.
5. A woman beloved and courted.
They Would not fuffef the prince to confer with, or very
rarely to fee, his mifrejs, whom they pretended he {hould
forthwith marry. Clarendon.
Nice honour ftill engages to requite
Falfe mijlref'es and proud with flight for flight. Granville.
6. A term of contemptuous addrefs.
Look you, pale mijirefs,
Do you perceive the ghaftnefs of her eye ? Shakefpcare.
7. A whore; a concubine.
Mistru'st. n.f [mis and truf.] Diffidence; fufpicion ; want
of confidence.
He needs not our mijlrufl, fince he delivers
Our offices, and what we have to do,
To the diredlion juft. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Not then mijlrujl, but tender love, injoins
That I fhould mind thee oft; and mind thou me ! Milton.
To Mistru'st. v.a. [mis and trujl.] Tofufpedl; to doubt;
to regard with diffidence.
Will any man alledge thofe mentioned human infirmities,
as reafons why thefe things fhould be mijlrujled or doubted
of. Hooker, b. ii.
By a divine inftindb, mens minds mijlrujl
Enfuing danger; as by proof we fee.
The waters fwell before a boifterous ftorm. Shakefpeare.
Fate her own book mijlrujled at the fight.
On that fide war, on this a {ingle fight. Cowley.
The relation of a Spartan youth, that fuffered a fox con¬
cealed under his robe to tear out his bowels, is mijlrujled by
men of bufinefs. Brown.
The gen’rous train complies,
Nor fraud mifrujls in virtue’s fair difguife. Pope's Odyffey.
Mistru'stful, adj. [mijlrujl and full.] Diffident; doubting.
I hold it cowardice
To reft mi/lrujlful, where a noble heart
Hath pawn’d an open hand in fign of love. Shakefpeare.
Here the mijlrujlful fowl no harm fufpedls.
So fafe are ,all things which our king protedls. TValler.
Mistrustfulness, n. f [from mflrufful.] Diffidence;
doubt.
Without him I found a weaknefs, and a mijlrujlfulnefs of
myfelf, as one ftrayed from his beft ftrength, when at any
time I mift him. Sidney, b. ii.
Mistrustfully, adv. [from mjlrufful.] With fufpicion;
with miftruft.
MistruStless. adj. [from mijlrujl.] Confident; unfufpedling.
Where he doth in ftream mijtrujllefs play,
Veil’d with night’s robe, they ftalk the fhore abroad.
Carcw’s Survey of Cornwall.
MiSty. adj. [from mijl.J
1. Clouded ; overfpread with mifts.
The morrow fair with purple beams v
Difpers’d the fhadows of the mijly night. Fairy jjhieen.
Loud howling wolves aroufe the jades,
That drag the tragick melancholy night;
Who with their drowfy, flow, and flagging wings
Clip dead mens graves ; and from their mijly jaws
Breathe foul contagious darknefs in the air. Shakefpeare.
Parents overprize their children, while they behold them
through the vapours of affedlion which alter the appearance,
as things feem bigger in mijly mornings. Wotton.
Now fmoaks with fhow’rs the mijly mountain ground.
And floated fields he undiftinguifh’d round. Pope.
2. Obfcure ; dark ; not plain.
To Misunderstand, v.a. [mis and underjland.] To mifconceive; to miftake.
The words of Tertullian, as they are by them alledged,
are mfunderjlood. Hooker, b. ii.
He failed in diftinguifhing thefe two regions, both called
Eden, and he altogether mfunderjlood two of the four rivers.
Raleigh's Hijl. of the IForld.
In vain do men take fandluary in fuch mifunderflood expreffions as thefe ; and from a falfe perfuafion that they cannot
reform their lives never go about it. South.
This if it be neglected, will make the reader very much
miftake and mij,underjland his meaning. Locke.
Were they only defigned to inftrubt the three fucceeding
generations, they are in no danger of being mfunderjlood.
Addifon on ancient Medals.
The example of a good man is the beft dire&ion we can
follow in the performance of our duty; the moft exadt rules
and precepts are fubjedt to be mfunderjlood; fome at leaft
will miftake their meaning. Rogers's Sermons.
Misunderstanding, n.f. [from mfunderjland.]
1. Difference; difagreement.
There is a great mijunderjlanding betwixt the corpufcular
philofophers and the chemifts. Boyle.
Servants miftake, and fometimes occafion ?nijunderflandings
among friends. Swift's Mijcel.
2. Error ; mifconception.
Sever the conftrudtion of the injury from the point of con¬
tempt, imputing it to mifunderflanding or fear. Bacon.
Misu'sage. n.f [from miffed]
1. Abufe ; ill ufe.
2. Bad treatment.
To Misu'se. v. a. [mejufer, Fr. mis and ufe.J To treat or ufe
improperly; to abufe.
You mifufe the rev’rence of your place,
As a falfe favourite doth his prince’s name
In deeds dilhon’rable. Shakefp. Henry IV.
It hath been their cuftom {hamefully to mijufe the fervent
zeal of men to religious arms, by converting the monies that
have been levied for fuch wars to their own fervices. Raleigh.
Bacchus, that firft from out the purple grape
Crufh’d the fweet poifion of miffed wine. ALilton.
Machiavel makes it appear, that the weaknefs of Italy,
which was once fo ftrong, was caufed by the corrupt prac¬
tices of the papacy, in depraving and miffing religion.
South's Sermons.
Misu'se. n.f. [from the verb,j Bad ufe ; bad treatment.
Upon whofe dead corpfe there was fuch mj ufe,
Such beaftly, {hamelefs transformation.
By thofe Welftiwomen done, as may not be
Without much ftiame retold. Shakefp. Henry IV.
How much names taken for things miflead the underftanding, the attentive reading of philofophical writers would dis¬
cover, and that in words little fufpedled of any fuch rnfuje.
Locke.
We have reafon to humble ourfelves before God by faftinoand prayer, left he {hould punifli the mfufe of our mercies,
by flopping the courfe of them. Atterbury's Sermons.
To Miswe'en. v.n. [mis and ween.] To misjudge; to diftruft.
Latter times things more unknown fhall fhow.
Why then fhould witlefs man fo much mifween. Fa. flu.
To MisweNd. v. n. [mis and penban, Saxon.] To go wrong.
Every thing begun with reafon,
Will come by ready means unto his end :
But things mifcounfelled mull needs mifwend. Hubberd.
In this maze ftill wand’red and mijwent,
For heaven decreed to conceal the fame,
To make the mifcreant more to feel his fhame. Fairfax.
Mi'sy. n.f. A kind of mineral.
Mify contains no cupreous vitriol but only that of iron: it
is a very beautiful mineral, of a fine bright yellow colour
and of a loofe and friable ftrudture, and much refembles the
golden marcafites. Hill's Mat. Med.
Mite. n.f. [mite, French; mijt, Dutch; midas, Lat.J
1. A fmall infedt found in cheefe or corn ; a weevil.
Virginity breeds mites, much like a cheefe, confumes itfelf
to the very paring, and fo dies with feeding its own ftomach.
Shakefpeare's All's well that ends well.
The polifti’d glafs, whofe fmall convex
Enlarges to ten millions of degrees.
The mite invifible elfe, of nature’s hand
Leaft animal. Philips
The idea of two is as diftindl from the idea of three, as
the magnitude of the whole earth is from that of a mite.
2. The twentieth part of a grain.
The Seville piece of eight contains thirteen pennyweight
twenty-one grains and fifteen mites, of which there arc twenty
in the grain, of fterling filver, and is in value forty-three
Englifh pence and eleven hundredths of a penny. Arbuthnot
3. Any thing proverbially fmall ; the third part of a farthin^ ’
Though any man’s corn they do bite, D’
They will not allow him a mite. Tuffer's Htifb
Are you defrauded, when he feeds the poor.
Our mite decreases nothing of your ftore. Dryden.
^ Did I e’er my mite with-hold
From the impotent and old. Swift's Mijcel.
4. A fmall particle. J
Put blue-bottles into an ant-hill they will be ftained with
red, becaufe the ants thruft in their flings, and inftil into
them a fmall mite of their ftinging liquor, which hath the
fame eftedt as oil of vitriol. Ray on Creation.
Mite'lla. n.f. A plant.
The mitella hath a perennial root; the cup of the flower
confifts of one leaf, and is divided into five parts ; the flower
confifts of five leaves, which expand in form of a rofe; the
ovary
/
M I X
ovary becomes a roundifh fruit, which terminates in a point,
gaping; at the top, in form of a bifhop’s mitre, and full of
roundifh feeds. Miller.
Mi'thridAte. n.f ['mithridateFr.]
Mithridate is one of the capital medicines of the fhops,
confifting of a great number of ingredients, and has its name
from its inventor Mithridates, king of Pontus. Quincy.
But you of learning and religion.
And virtue, and fuch ingredients, have made
A mithridate, whofe operation
Keeps off, or cures, what can be done or faid. Donne.
MPtiiridate miijlard. n. f. [thlafpi, Latin.]
The flower of the mithridate confifts of four leaves placed
in form of a crofs, out of whofe cup rifes the pointal, which
afterward becomes a fmooth roundifh friiit, having common¬
ly a leafy border, and flit on the upper fide, divided into two
cells by an intermediate partition placed obliquely with refpedt to the valves, and furnifhed with fmooth roundifh feeds;
to which may be added the undivided leaves, which diftiriguifh it from crefles. Miller.
Mi'tigant. adj. [mitigans, Lat.] Lenient; lenitive.
To Mi'tigate. v. a. [rnitigo, Lat. mitiger, Fr.]
1. To loften ; to make lefs rigorotis.
We could greatly wifh, that the rigour of their opinion
were allayed and mitigated. Jdooker, b. v.
2. To alleviate ; to make mild ; to affuage.
Milhaps are matter'd by advice difereet,
And counfel mitigates the greatett finart. Fairy Queen.
All it can do is, to devife how that which mutt be endured
may be mitigated, and the inconveniences thereof counter¬
vailed as near as may be, that, when the beft things are not
poflible, the beft may be. made of thole that are. ° Hooker.
3. To mollify; to make lefs fevere.
I undertook
Before thee : and, not repenting, this obtain
Of right, that I may mitigate their doom,
On me deriv’d. Milton's Par. L'oji, b. x.
4. To cool; to moderate.
A man has frequent opportunity of mitigating the fiercenefs of a party, of foftening the envious, quieting the angry,
and rectifying the prejudiced. Addifon's Spectator.
Mitiga'tion. n.f. [mitigatio, Lat. mitigation,Fr. from miti¬
gate.] Abatement of any thing penal, harfh, or painful.
The king would not have one penny abated of that grant¬
ed to him by parliament, becaufe it might encourage other
countries to pray the like releafe or mitigation. Bacon.
Theycaufed divers fubje&s to be indided of fundry crimes;
and when the bills were found they committed them, and
buffered them to languifh long in prifon, to extort from them
great fines and ranfoms, which they termed compofitions and
mitigations. _ Bacon's Henry VII.
METRE. n.f. [mitre, Fr. mitra, Latin.]
T. An ornament for the head.
Nor Pantheus, thee, thy mitre nor the bands
Of awful Phoebus, fav’d from impious hands. Dryden.
2. A kind of epifcopal crown.
Bifhopricks or burning, mitres or faggots, have been the
rewards of different perfons, according as they pronounced
thefe confecrated fyllables, or not. JVatts.
Mi'tre. 7 n.f. [Among workmen.] A kind of joining two
Mi'ter. i boards together. Miller.
MEtred. adj. [mitre, Fr. from mitred] Adorned with a mitre.
Shall the loud herald our fuccefs relate,
Or mitred prieft appoint the folemn day i Prior.
Mitred abbots, among us, were thofe that were exempt
from the diocefan’s jurifdidtion, as having within their own
precinCts epifcopal authority, and being fords in parliament
were called abbots fovereign. Aylijfe's Par'ergon.
Mi'ttent. adj. [mittens, Lat.] Sending forth ; emitting.
I he fluxion proceedeth from humours peccant in quantity
or quality, thruft forth by the part mittent upon the inferior
weak parts. JVifeman's Surgery.
Mi'ttens. n.f. [mitaines, French.]
1. Coarfe gloves for the Winter.
December muft be expreffed with a horrid afped, as alfo
January clad inlrifh rug, holding in furred mittens the fign of
Capricorn. Peacham on Drawing.
2. Gloves that cover the arm without covering the fingers.
3. To handle one without mittens. To ufe one roughly. A
low phrafe. Ainf
Mittimus. [Latin.] A warrant by which a juftice commits
an offender to prifon.
To MIX. v. a. [miffehen, Dutch; mifeio, Latin.]
1. To unite different bodies into one mats ; to put various in¬
gredients together.
Ephraim hath mixed himfelf among the people. Hof. vii. 8.
A mixed multitude went up with them, and flocks and
herds. Exod. xii. 38.
He fent out of his mouth a blaft of fire, and out of his
lips a flaming breath, and out of his tongue he caft out
fparks and tempefts; and they were all mixt together. 2 Efdr.
2. To form of different faiths.
M O B
I have chofen an argument, mixt of religious and civil
confiderations ; and likewile mixt between contemplative and
active. Bacon's holy War'.
3.To join; to mingle.. y
Brothers, you mix yoiir fadnefs with feme fear;
This is the Englilh not the Turkish court. Shakefpeare.
Mi'xen. n.f. [mixen, Saxoii.] A dunghil; a layftal.
Mi'xtion. n.f [mixtion, Fr. from mix.] Mixture; confufion
of onfe body with another.
Others perceiving this rule to fall fhort, have pieced it out
by the mixtion of vacuity among bodies, believing it is that
which makes one rarer than another. Digby on Bodies.
Though we want a proper name, yet are they not to be
lightly paft over as elementary or lubterraneous mixtions.
Brown's VAgar Errours, b. ii.
Mi'xtLy. adv. [from mix.] With coalition of different parts
into one.
Mixture, n.f. [mixtura, Latin.]
1. The act of mixing ; the ftate of being mixed.
O happy mixture, wherein things contrary do fo qualify
and correct the one the danger of the other’s excels, that
neither boldnefs can make us prefume, as well as we are kept
under with the fenfe of our own wretchednefs ; nor, while
we truft in the mercy of God through Chrift Jefus, fear be
able to tyrannize over us ! Hooker, b. v.
Thofe liquors are expelled out of the body which, by their
mixture, convert the aliment into an animal liquid. Arbutk.
I, by baleful furies led,
With monftrous mixture ftain’d my mother’s bed. Pope.
2. A mafs formed by mingled ingredients;
Come vial—What if this mixture do not work at all ?
.... hhakefpeate's Romeo and Juliet.
3. 1 hat which is added and mixed.
Neither can God himfelf be otherwife underftood, than as
a mind free and diferitangled from all corporeal mixtures, per¬
ceiving and moving all things. , Stillingfcet.
Cicero doubts whether it were poflible for a community to
exift, that had not a prevailing mixture of piety in its con-
^!tut ‘ Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 29.
While we live in this woidd, where good and bad men are
blended together, and where there is alfo a mixture of good
and evil wifely diftributed by God, to ferve the ends of his
providence. Atterbhry’s Sermons.
Mizmaze. n.f. [A cant word, formed from maze by redu
plication.] A maze ; a labyrinth.
Thofe who are accuftomed to reafon 'have got the true key
of books, and the clue to lead them through the mizmaze of
variety of opinions and authors to truth. Locke
Mi'z zen. n.f. [mezaen, Dutch.]
The mizzen is a maft in the ftern or back back of a fliip :
in fome large fhips there are two fuch malls, that Handing
next the main maft is called the main mizzeh, and the other
near the poop the bonaventure mizzen: the length of a miz¬
zen maft is half that of the main mail, or the height of it is
thd fame with that of the maintop maft from the quarter¬
deck, and the length of the mizzen topmaft is half that. Bail.
A commander at fea had his leg fractured by the fall of
his mizzen topmaft. ° JVifeman's Surgery.
Mi'zzy. n.f. A bog ; a quagmire. Ainf.
Mnemo'nicks. n. f. [[xnfxovixYi.] The a£t of memory.
Mo. adj. [ma, Saxon; rnae^ Scottifh.] Making greater num¬
ber ; more.
Calliope and mufes mo.
Soon as your oaken pipe begins to found
Their ivory lutes lay by. Spehfer.
With oxbows and oxyokes, with other thino-s mo
For oxteem and horfeteem in plough for to go. Tuffer.
Mo. adv. Further ; longer;
Sing no more ditties, fing no mo
Of dumps fo dull and heavy;
The frauds of men were ever fo,
^ Since Summer was firft leafy. Shakefpeare.
To MOAN. v. a. [from masnan, Saxon, to grieve.] To la¬
ment ; to deplore.
To Moan. v. m 'Fo grieve ; to make lamentation.
The gen’rous hand redreflive fearch’d
Into the horrors of the gloomy jail;
Unpity’d and unhear’d, where mifery moans. Thomfon.
Moan. n. J. [from the verb.] Lamentation; audible ibrrow ;
grief exprefled in words or cries.
I have difabled mine eftate;
By fheVving fomething a more fwelling portj
Than my faint means would grant continuance;
Nor do I now make moan to be abridg’d
Fr°n’ f“chg n°We rate. Shalejp. Merchant efFeme.
A cl. ran eby her’ and murmur’d her means,
The fait tears fell from her, and foft'ned the Hones. Shah.
Sullen moans.
Hollow groans,
And cries of tortur’d ghofts. p^t Sl. Cecilia.
Moat. n.f. [melte, French, a mound; meta, low Latin. 1 A
canal of water round a houfe or caftle for defence,
r6 Q. The
M O C Mod
The caftle 1 found of good ftrength, having a great moat
found about it, the work of a noble gentleman, of whofe
unthrifty fon he had bought it. Sidney, b. ii.
The fortrcfs thrice himfelf in perfon florm’d ;
Your valour bravely did th’ affault fuftain.
And fill’d the moats and ditches with the flain. Drydcn.
No walls were yet, nor fence, nor mote, nor mound.
Nor drum was heard. Dryden's Ovid.
Tb Moat. v. a. [matter, French, from the noun.] To furround with canals by way of defence.
I will prefently to St. Luke’s ; there at the moated Grange
fefides this dejected Mariana. Shakefp. Meaffor Meafure.
An arm of Lethe, with a gentle flow,
The palace moats, and o’er the pebbles creeps.
And with foft murmurs calls the coming fleeps. Dryden.
He fees he can hardly approach greatneis, but, as a moated
caftle, he mull firft pal's the mud and filth with which it is
encompaffed. Dryden s Pijtf- t0 Aurengzebe.
Mob. n.f. [contracted from mobile, Latin.] The croud; a tu¬
multuous rout.
Parts of different fpecies jumbled together, according to
the mad imagination of the dawber; a very monfter in a
Bartholomew-fair, for the mob to gape at. Dryden.
Dreams are but interludes, which fancy makes,
When monarch reafon fleeps, this mimick wakes;
Compounds a medley of disjointed things,
A court of coblers, and a mob of kings. Dryden.
A duller of mob were making themfelves merry with their
betters. Addifon s Freeholder, Ns. 44.
Mob. n.f. A kind of female head-drefs.
To Mob. v. a. [from the noun.] To harrafs, or overbear by
tumult.
Mo'bbish. adj. [from mob.] -Mean ; done after the manner of
the mob.
To Moble. v. a. [fometimes written mable, perhaps by a lu¬
dicrous allufion to the French je m' habille.] To drefs grofsly
or inelegantly.
But who, oh ! hath feen the mobled queen,
Run barefoot up and down. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Mo'bby. n.f. An American drink made of potatoes.
Mo'bile. n. f. [;mobile, French.] The populace ; the rout;
the mob.
Long experience has found it true of the unthinking mo¬
bile, that the cloler they fhut their eyes the wider they open
their hands. South's Sermons.
The mobile are uneafy without a ruler, they are reftlefs
with one. L’Ejlrange's Fables.
Mobility, n.f. [mobilite, Fr. mobilitas, Latin.]
1. Nimblenefs ; activity.
Mobility is the power of being moved. Lode.
Iron, having flood long in a window, being thence taken,
and by a cork balanced in' water, where it may have a free
mobility, will bewray a kind of inquietude. Wotton.
The prefent age hath attempted perpetual motions, whofe
revolutions might out-laft the exemplary mobility, and outmeafure time itfelf. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b.v.
The Romans had the advantage by the bulk of their fhips,
and the fleet of Antiochus in the fwiftnefs and mobility of
theirs, which ferved them in great ftead in the flight. Arbuth.
You tell, it is ingenite, aCtive force,
Mobility, or native power to move
Words, which mean nothing. Blackmore.
2. [In cant language.] The populace.
She fingled you out with her eye as commander in chief of
the mobility. Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
3. Ficklenefs ; inconftancy. Ainf.
Mo'cho-stone. n. f. [from Mocha, therefore more properly
Mocha-Jlone. ]
Mocho-Jlones are nearly related to the agat kind, of a clear
horny grey, with declinations reprefenting modes, fhrubs,
and branches, in black, brown, or red, in the fubftance of
the ftone. Woodward.
To MOCK. v. a. [masquer, French; moccio, Welfh.]
1. To deride; to laugh at; to ridicule.
All the regions
Do feemingly revolt; and who refill
Are mock'd for valiant ignorance,
And perilh conftant fools. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Many thoufand widows,
Shall this his mock, mock out of their dear hufbands ;
Mock mothers from their fons, mock caftles down. Shakefp.
We’ll dilhorn the fpirit,
And mock him home to Windfor. Shakefpeare.
Others had trial of cruel mockings and fcourgings. Heb. xi.
I am as one mocked of his neighbour; the juft, upright
man is mocked to fcorn. Job xii. 4.
2. To deride by imitation ; to mimick in contempt.
I long, till Edward fall by war’s mifchance,
For mocking marriage with a dame of France. Slafefpeare.
3. To defeat; to elude.
My father is gone into his grave,
And with his fpirit fadly I furvive.
. To mock the fexpe&ations of the world ;
To fruftrate prophecies, and to raze dut
Rotten opinion. ... . . Shakefpeare's Henry IV. p. ii;
4.To fool; to tantalize; to play on coritemptuoufly.
He will not
Mock us with his bleft fight*, then fnatch him hence.
Soon we fhall fee our hope return. . Milton's Par. Beg.
Why do I overlive ?
Why am I mock'd with death, and lengthen’d out
To deathlefs pain? Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Heav’n’s fuller influence mocks our dazzl’d fight,
Too great its brightnefs, and too ftrong its light. Prior.
To Mock. v. n. To make contemptuous fport.
Pluck down my officers, break my decrees ;
For now a time is come to mock at form. Shakefpeare.
A ftallion horfe is as a mocking friend ; he neigheth under
every one. Ecclitf. xxiii. 6.
A reproach unto the heathen, and a mocking to all coun¬
tries. Ezek. xxii. 4.
After I have fpoken, mock on. Job xxi. 3.
When thou mockejl, fhall no man make thee afhamed ?
Job xi. 3.
Mock. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Ridicule; a£t of contempt; fleer; fneer; gibe; flirt.
Tell the pleafant prince this mock of his
Hath turn’d his balls to gun-ftones. Shakefp. Henry V.
Oh, ’tis the fpight of hell, the fiend’s arch mock.
To lip a wanton, and fuppofe her chafte. Shakefpeare.
Fools make a mock at fin. Prov. xiv. 9.
What fhall be the portion of thofe who have affronted
God, derided his word, and ma&eamock of every thing that
is facred ? Tillotfon s Sermons*
Colin makes mock at all her piteous fmart,
A lafs that Cic’ly hight, had won his heart. Gay.
2. Imitation; mimickry.
Now reach a ftrain, my lute,
Above her mock, or be for ever mute. Crajbaw.
Mock. adj. Falfe; counterfeit; not real.
The mock aftrologer, El aftrologo fingido. Dryden.
That fuperior greatnefs and mock majefty, which is aferibed
to the prince of fallen angels, is admirably preferved. Sped!.
Mo'ckable. adj. [from mock.] Expofed to derifion.
Thofe that are good manners at the court, are as ridicu¬
lous in the country, as the behaviour of the country is moft
mockable at court. Shakefp. As you like it,
Mock-PRI'VET. 1 r vn . r ,1
Mgck-wi'liow. }*•/• PIants- M rtb.
Mo'ckel. adj. [the fame with mickle. See Mickle. This
word is varioufly written mickle, mickel, mochil, mochel, muckle.] Much; many.
The body bigg, and mightily pight.
Thoroughly rooted, and wond’rous height.
Whilom had been the king of the field,
And mockell maft to the hufband did yield. Spenfer.
Mo'cker. n.f. [from mock.]
1. One who mocks; a fcorner ; a fcoffer; a derider.
Our very priefts muft become mockers, if they fhall en¬
counter fuch ridiculous fubje&s as you are. Shakefpeare.
Let them have a care how they intrude upon fo great and
holy an ordinance, in which God is fo feldom mocked but it
is to the mover's confufion. South's Sermons.
2. A deceiver; an elufory impoftor.
Mo'ckery. n.f. [moequerie, Latin.]
1. Derifion; fcorn ; fportive infult.
The forlorn maiden, whom your eyes have feen
The laughing-flock of fortune’s mockeries.
Am the only daughter of a king and queen. Fa. <$u.
Why fhould publick mockery in print be a better teft of
truth than fevere railing farcafms. Watts.
2. Ridicule ; contemptuous merriment.
A new method they have of turning things that are ferious
into mockery; an art of contradiction by way of fcorn, where¬
with we were long fithence forewarned. Hooker b v
3. Sport; fubjefl of laughter. r ’
What cannot be preferv’d when fortune takes,
Patience her injury a mockery makes. Shakefp. Othello.
Of the holy place they made a mockery. 2 Mac. viii. 17.
4. Vanity of attempt; delufory labour; vain effort.
It is as the air, invulnerable ;
And our vain blows malicious mockery. Shakefp. Hamlet.
S' Imitation ; counterfeit appearance ; vain fliow.
. bave done, is to hang quite out of fafhion.
Like rufty mail in monumental mockery. Shakefpeare.
What though no friends in fable weeds appear,
Grieve for an hour, perhaps, then mourn a year.
And bear about the mockery of woe
To midnight dances. Pope's Mifcel.
Mo'cking-bird. n. f. [mocking and bird.] An American bird,
which imitates the note of other birds.
Mo'ckingly. adv. [from mockery.] In contempt; petulantly;
with infult.
Mo'cking-
MOD
Mo'cking-stqck. n.f [motking andJlock.] A but lor merri¬
ment. . . • .
Mo'dal. ad). [modale, Fr. modal)s, Latin.] Relating to the
form or mode, not the eflence.
When we ipeak of faculties of the foul, we aflcrt not with
the fchools their real diftin&ion from it, but only a modal diverfity. Glanville's Scepf.
Moda'lity. n.f [from Modal,'] Accidental difference ; mo¬
dal accident.
The motions of the mouth by which the voice is difcrimixiatcd, are the natural elements of fpeech ; and the applica¬
tion of them in their feveral compositions, or words made of
them, to lignify things, of the modalities of things, and fo
to ferve for communication of notions, is artificial. Holder,
MODE. n.f [mode, Fr. modus, Latin.]
1. Form; external variety; accidental discriminationj acci¬
dent.
A mode is that which cannot fubfift in and of itfelf, but is
always efteemed as belonging to, and fubfifting by, the help
of fome fubftance, which, for that reafon, is called its fubject. Watts's Logick, p. i.
Few allow mode to be called a being in the fame perfect
fenfe as a fubftance is, and fome modes have evidently more
of real entity than others. Watts's Logicki
2. Gradation; degree.
What modes of fight betwixt each wide extreme^
The mole’s dim curtain, and the linx’s beam j
Of fmell, the headlong lionefs between,
And hound Sagacious on the tainted green. Pope.
3. Manner; method; form; fafhion.
Our Saviour beheld
A table richly Spread, in regal mode.
With difhes pil’d. Milton's Par. Reg. b. ii.
The duty itfelf being refolved upon, the mode of doing
it may eafily be found. Taylor's Guide to a Penitent.
4. State; appearance.
My death
Changes the mode; for what in me was purchas’d,
Falls upon thee in a much fairer fort.
For thou the garland wear’ft fucceffively. Shakefpeare,
5. [Mode, French.] Fafhion ; cuftom.
There are certain garbs and modes of Speaking, which vary
with the times ; the fafhion of our clothes being not more
fubjeft to alteration than that of our fpeech. Denham.
We are to prefer the bleffings of Providence before the
Splendid curiofities of mode and imagination. L'EJlrange.
They were invited from all parts ; arid the favour oflearn¬
ing was the humour and mode of the age; Temple.
As we fee on coins the different faces of perfons, we fee
too their different habits arid drefles, according to the mode
that prevailed. Addifon on ancient Medals.
If faith itfelf has different drefles worn.
What wonder modes in wit fhould take their turn ? Popa
MO'DEL. n.f. [modele, French ; modulus, Latin.]
1. A representation in miniature of forriethirig made or done.
I’ll draw the form and model of our battle j
Limit each leader to his feveral charge.
And part in juft proportion our fmall ftrerigth, Shakefp.
You have the models of feveral ancient temples, though
the temples and the gods are perifhed. Addifon.
2. A copy to be imitated.
A fault it Would be if fome king fhould build his manfionhoufe by the model of Solomon’s palace. Hooker, b. v.
They cannot fee fin in thofe means they ufe, with intent
to reform to their models what they call religion. K. Charles.
3. A mould; any thing which fhows or gives the fhape of that
which it inclofes.
Nothing can we call our own but death ;
And that fmall model of the barren earth.
Which Serves as pafte and cover to our bones. Shakefp.
4. Standard ; that by which any thing is meafured.
As he who prefumes fteps into the throne of God, fo he
that defpairs meafures providence by his own little contracted
model. South's Sermons.
5. In Shakefpeare it feems to have two unexampled fenfes.
Something formed or produced.
I have commended to his goodnefs
7 he model of our chafte loves, his young daughter. Shah.
6. Something fmall and diminutive; which, perhaps, is likewife the meaning of the example affixed to the third fenfe.
England ! model to thy inward greatnefs,
Like little body with a mighty heart. Shakefpeare.
To Mo'del. v. a. [modeler, French.] To plan; to ftiape; to
mould; to form ; to delineate.
When they come to model heav’n,
And calculate the ftars, how they will wield
The mighty frame. Milton's Par. Lojl, 1. viii.
The government is modelled after the fame manner with
that of the Cantons, as much as fo fmall a community can
imitate thofe of fo large an. extent. Addifon on Italy.
1
MOD
4 1 r . 1% ‘ . jv
Modeller, n.f [from model.] Planner; fchemer; con¬
triver.
Our great modellers of gardens have their magazines of
, .plants to difpofe of. Speftat. Nw. 414.
MO'DERATE. adj. [moderatus, Lat. modere, Fr.J
1. Temperate; not exceffire.
Sound fleep cometh of moderate eating, but. pangs of the
belly are with an infatiable man. Ecclufxxxi. 20.
2. Not hot of temper.
A number of moderate members managed with fo much art
as to obtain a majority, in a thin houfe, for paffing a vote,
that the king’s conceffiom were a ground for a future fettlement. Swift.
3. Not luxurious; not expenfive.
Thpre’s not fo much left as to furnifh out
. A moderate table. Shakefp. Timoh ofAthens.
4. Not extreme in opinion ; not fanguine in a tenet.
Thefe are tenets which the moderateji of the Romanifts
will not venture to affirm. Smalridge.
Fix’d to one part, but mod'rate to the reft. Pope.
5. Placed between extremes;. holding the mean.
Quietly confider the trial that hath been thus long had of
both kinds of reformation ; as well this moderate kind, which
the church of England hath taken, as that other more ex¬
treme and rigorous, which certain churches elfewhere have
better liked. Hooker, b. iv.
6. Of the middle rate.
More moderate gifts might have prolong’d his date.
Too early fitted for a better ftate. Dryden.
To Moderate, v.a. [moderor, Latin; moderer, Fr.]
1. To regulate; to reftrain; to ftiil; to pacify ; to quiet; to
reprefs.
With equal meafure fhe did moderate
The ftrong extremities of their rage. Spenfen
By its aftringent quality it moderates the relaxing quality of
warm water. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. To make temperate.
Ye fwarthy nations of the torrid zone.
How well to you is this great bounty known ?
For frequent gales from the wide ocean rife
To fan your air, and moderate y6ur Ikies. Blackmore.
Mo'derately. adv. [from moderate.]
1. Temperately; mildly.
2. In a middle degree.
Each nymph but moderately fair;
Commands with no lefs rigor here. Waller.
Blood in a healthy ftate, when let put, its red part fhould
Congeal ftrongly and foon, in a mafs moderately tough, and
. fwim in the ferum. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Moderateness, n.f. [from moderate.] State Of being mo¬
derate; temperatenefs.
Moderation, n.f. [moderatio, Latin.]
1. Forbearance of extremity; the contrary temper to party vio¬
lence ; ftate of keeping a due mean betwixt extremes.
Was it the purpofe of thefe churches, which abolifhed all
popifh ceremonies, to come back again to the middle point
of evennefs and moderation ? Hookerb. iv.
A zeal in things pertaining to God, according to know¬
ledge, and yet duly tempered with candor and prudence, is
the true notion of that much talked of, much mifunderftood
virtue, moderation-. Atterbury's Sermons.
In moderation placing all my glory.
While tories call me whig, and whigs a tory. Pope.
2. Calmnefs of mind; equanimity, [moderation, Fr.]
Equally inur’d
By moderation either ftate to bear,
Profperous, or adverfe. Milt. Par. Lojl, b. xi,
3. Frugality in expence. Ainfworth.
Modera'tor. n.f. [moderator, Lat. moderateur, Fr.]
1. The perfon or thing that calms or reftrains.
Angling was, after tedious ftudy, a calmer of unquiet
thoughts, a moderator of paffions, and a procurer of contentednefs. Walton's Angler.
2. One who ptefides in a difputation, to reftrain the contend¬
ing parties from indecency, and confine them to the queftion.
Sometimes the moderator is more troublefome than the ac¬
tor. Bacon's EJfays.
How does Philopolis feafonably commit the opponent with
the refpondent, like a long-pra£hfed moderator? More.
The firft perfon who fpeaks when the court is fet, opens
the cafe to the judge, chairman, or moderator of the aflembly, and gives his own reafons for his opinion. Watts.
MO'DERN. n.f. [modeme, Fr. from modernus, low Latin,
fuppofed a cafual corruption of hodiernus. Vel potius ab adverhio mod'o, modernus, ut a die diurnus. Ainf]
I. Late; recent; not ancient; not antique.
Some of the ancient, and likewife divers of the modern
writers, that have laboured in natural magick, have noted a
fympathy between the fun and certain herbs. Bacon.
The glorious parallels then downward bring
To modern wonders, and to Britain’s king. & Prior.
2. In
MOD M O H
' * In Sbakejpeare, Vulgar ; mean; common.
1 rifles, fuch as we prefent modern friends withal. Shakefp.
The juftice
With eyes fevere and beard of formal cut*
hull of wife faws and modern inftances. Sbakefpeare.
We have our philofophical perfons to make modern and fa¬
miliar things fupernatural and caufelefs. Sbakefpeare.
Mo'derns. n.J. Thofe who have lived lately, oppofed to
the ancients.
There are moderns who, with a flight variation, adopt the
opinion of Plato. Boyle on Colours.
Some by old words to fame have made pretence ;
Ancients in phrafe, mere moderns in their l'enfe ! Pope.
Mo'dernism. n. f [from modern.^ Deviation from the an¬
cient and claffical manner. A word invented by Swift.
Scribblers fend us over their trafh in profe and verfe, with
abominable curtailings and quaint tnodernifns. Swift,
To Modernise, v. a. [from moderh.’] To adapt ancient compofitions to modem perfons or things; to change ancient to
modern language.
MODEST, adj. [modefte, Fr. modejlus, Latin.]
Mo'diRNNESS. n. f. [from modernj Novelty.
1. Not arrogant; not prefumptuous ; not boaftful; bafhful.
Of boafting more than of a tomb afraid ;
A foldier (hould be modejl as a maid. Young.
2. Not impudent; not forward.
Refolve me with all modejl hade, which way
Thou might’ll deferve, or they impofe this ufage. Shakefp.
Her face, as in a nymph, difplay’d
A fair fierce boy, or in a boy betray’d
The blufhing beauties of a modejl maid. Dryden's Ovid.
3. Not loofe ; not unchafte.
Mrs. Ford, the honed woman, the modejl wife, the vir¬
tuous creature, that hath the jealous fool to her hufband.
Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfir.
4. Not exceflive ; not extreme ; moderate ; within a mean.
There appears much joy in him, even fo much that joy
could not fhew itfelf modejl enough without a badge of bittfcrnefs. Shakefp. Much ado about nothing.
During the lad four years, by a modejl computation, there
have been brought into Bred above fix millions fieriing in
bullion. Addifon s State of the War.
Mo'destly. adv. [from modeJl.~\
1. Not arrogantly ; not prefumptuoufly.
Though learn’d, well bred ; and though well bred, fincere,
Moclejlly bold, and humanly fevere. Pope.
I may jnodejlly conclude, that whatever errors there may
be in this play, there are not thofe which have been objected
to it. Dryden’s Don Sebajlian.
Firfl he modejlly conjedlures,
His pupil might be tir’d with ledlures :
Which help’d to mortify his pride,
Yet gave him not the heart to chide. Swift's Mifcel.
2. Not impudently ; not forwardly; with modefty.
I,your glafs.
Will modejlly dilcover to yourfelf
That of yourfelf, which yet you know not of. Shakefp.
3. Notlocfely; not lewdly.
4. Not exceffively ; with moderation.
Mo'desty. n.f. {modejlie^ Fr. modejlas, Latin.]
1. Not arrogance ; not prefumptuoufnefs.
They cannot, with modejly, think to have found out abfolutely the bell which the wit of men may devife. Hooker.
2. Not impudence ; not forwardnefs.
3. Moderation; decency.
A lord will hear you play;
But I am doubtful of your modejlies,
Left over eying of his odd behaviour.
You break into forne merry paflion. Sbakefpeare.
4. Chaftity; purity of manners.
Would you not fwear,
All you that fee her, that fhe were a maid,
By thefe exterior fhews ? But fhe is more,
Her blufh is guiltinefs, not modejly. Sbakefpeare.
Of the general character of women, which is modejly, he
has taken a moft becoming care ; for his amorous expreffions
go no farther than virtue may allow. Dryden.
Talk not to a lady in a way that modejly will not permit
her to anfwer. Clarijfa.
Modesty-piece, n.f
A narrow lace which runs along the upper part of the
flays before, being a part of the tucker, is called the modcjlypiece. Addifon's Guard. Nw. 118.
Mo'dicum. n.f. [Latin.] Small portion; pittance.
What modicums of wit he utters : his evafions have ears
thus long. Shakefp. Trail, and Creffula.
Though hard their fate,
A cruife of water, and an car of corn,
Yet Hill they grudg’d that modicum. Dryden.
Modifiable, adj. [from modify."] That may be diverfified by
accidental differences. _
It appears to be more difficult to conceive a diftin£l, vifible
image in the uniform, invariable, eflence of God, than in
varioufly modifiable matter; but the manner how I fee either
ftill efcapes my comprehenfion. Locke.
Mo'dificabLe. adj. [from modify.] Diverfifiable by various
modes.
Modification’. n.f [^modification, French.] The a£t of mo¬
difying any thing, or giving it new accidental differences of
form or mode.
The chief of all figns is human voice, and the feveral mo¬
difications thereof by the organs of fpeech, viz. the letters of
the alphabet, formed by the feveral motions of the mouth.
Holder's Elements of' Speech.
The phaefiomena of colours in refradled or reflebled light,
are not caufed by new modifications of the light varioufly impreffed, according to the various terminations of the light
and fhadow. Newton's Opticks.
If thefe powers of cogitation, volition and fenfation, are
neither inherent in matter as fuch, nor acquirable to matter
by any motion and modification of it, it neceflarily follows
that they proceed from fome cogitative fubftance, fome in¬
corporeal inhabitant within us, which we call fpirit. Bentley.
To Mo'dify. v. a. [^modifier, French.]
1. To change the form or accidents of any thing; to fhape.
Yet there is that property in all letters, of aptnefs to be
conjoined in fyllables and words through the voluble motions
of the organs, that they modify and diferiminate the voice
without appearing to difeontinue it. Holder"
Fhe middle parts of the broad beam of white light which
fell upon the paper, did, without any confine of fhadow to
modify it, become coloured all over with one uniform colour,
the colour being always the fame in the middle of the paper
as at the edges. Newton's Opticks.
2. To foften ; to moderate.
After all this dilcanting and modifying upon the matter,
there is hazard on the yielding fide. L'Efrange.
Of his grace
He modifies his firft fevere decree,
The keener edge of battle to rebate: Dryden.
ModiYlon. n.f. [French; modiolus, Lat.]
Modillons, in architedlure, are little brackets which are
often fet under the Corinthian and compofite orders, and ferve
to fupport the proje&ure of the larmier or drip : this part
mud be diftinguifhed from the great model, which is the dia¬
meter of the pillar; for, as the proportion of an edifice in
general depends on the diameter of the pillar, fo the lize and
number of the modillons, as alfo the interval between them,
ought to have due relation to the whole fabrick. Harris.
The modillons or dentelli make a noble fhow by their grace¬
ful projections. Spectator, N°. 415.
Mo'dish. adj. ftormnode.'] Fafhionable; formed according
to the reigning cuftom.
But you, perhaps, expe£t a modijh feafl.
With am’rous fongs, and wanton dances grac’d. Dryd.
Hypocrify, at the fafhionable end of the town, is very dif¬
ferent from hypocrify in the city ; the modijh hypocrite endea¬
vours to appear more vitious than he really is, the other kind
of hypocrite more virtuous. Addifon's Spctl. N°. 399.
Mo'dishly. adv. [from modifi).'] Fafhionably.
Young children fhould not be much perplexed about put¬
ting off their hats, and making legs moclijhly. Locke.
Mo'dishness.n.f. [from modijh.] Affe&ation of the fafhion.
To Mo'dulate. v. a. \jnodulor, Latin.] To form found to a
certain key, or to certain notes.
The nofe, lips, teeth, palate, jaw, tongue, weafan, lungs,
mufcles of the cheft, diaphragm, and muffles of the belly,
all ferve to make or modulate the found. Grew's Cofmol.
Could any perfon fo modulate her voice as to deceive fo
many- Broome's Notes on the OdyJJey.
Echo propagates around
Each charm of modulated found. - Anon.
Modula tion. n. f. [from modulate ; modulation, Fr.]
1. The acTof forming any thing to certain proportion.
The number ot the fimple original minerals have not been
rightly fixt. the matter of two or more kinds being; mixed
together, and by the different proportion and modulation of
that matter varioufly diverfified, have been reputed all dif¬
ferent kinds. _ _ Woodward.
The fpeech, as it is a found refulting from the modulation
of the air, has moft affinity to the fpirit, but, as it is uttered
by the tongue, has immediate cognation with the body, and
fo is the fitted inftrument to manage a commerce between
the invifible powers of human fouls cloathed in flefti.
Government of the Tongue.
2. Sound moduUated ; agreeable harmony.
Innumerous fongfters, in the frelhening {hade,
Their modulations mix, mellifluous. ThomJ'on's Spring.
4
Mo'dulator.
M O I
Modulator, n.f. [from modulate.] He who forma founds to
a certain kev; a tuner ; that which modulates.
The toneme is the grand inftrument of tafte, the faithful
iudee of afl our nourifhment, the artful modulator of our
voice, and the neceflary fervant of maftication. Dcrham.
Mo'dule. n.f. [modulus, Latin.] An empty reprefentation; a
model. .
My heart hath one poor firing to flay it by,
Which holds but till thy news be uttered ;
And then, all this thou feefl, is but a clod
And module of confounded royalty. Sbakefp. King John.
Mo'dus. n.f. [Latin.] Something paid as a compenlation for
tithes on the fuppofition of being a moderate equivalent.
One terrible circumflance of this bill, is turning the tithe
of flax and hemp into what the lawyers call a modus, or a
certain fum in lieu of a tenth part of the produdt. Swift.
Mo'dwall. n.f A bird. -Ainf
Moe. adj. [ma, Saxon. See Mo.] More ; a greater number.
The chronicles of England mention no moe than only fix
kings bearing the name of Edward fince the conquefl, there¬
fore it cannot be there fhould be more. Hooker, b. n.
Mo'hair. n.f [mohere, moire, Fr.] Thread or fluff made
of camels or other hair.
She, while her lover pants upon her breafl,
Can mark the figures on an Indian chefl, . t
And when fhe fees her friend in deep defpair,
Obferves how much a chintz exceeds mohair. Pope.
Mohock, n.f The name of a cruel nation of America given
to ruffians who infefled, or rather were imagined to mfefl,
the flreets of London. .
From milk-fop he flarts up mohock. Prior•
Who has not trembled at the mohock's name ? Gay.
Thou haft fallen upon me with the rage of a mad dog, or
a mohock. % De isMoi'dered. adj. Crazed. • dltnj.
Mo'xdore. n.J. [moede, Fr.] A Portugal coin, rated at one
pound feven fhillings. . .... ..
Mo'iety. n. f [moitie,, French, from moicn, the middle.]
Half; one of two equal parts. . .
This company being divided into two equal moieties, the
one before, the other fince the coming of Chrift; that part
which, fince the coming of Chrift, partly hath embraced,
and partly fhall embrace, the Chriftian religion, we term as
by a more proper name, the church of Chrift. Hooker, b. iii.
3 The death of Antony
Is not a fingle doom, in that name lay
A moiety of the world. Shakejp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Say, that fhe were gone.
Given to the fire, a moiety of my reft
Might come to me. Shakefp. Winter s Tale.
Touch'd with human gentlenefs and love,
Forgive a moiety of the principal. Shakefpeare.
The militia was fettled, a moiety of which fhould be nomi¬
nated by the king, and the other moiety by the parliament. Cl.
As this is likely to produce a ceffation of arms among one
half of our ill and, it is reafonable that the more beautiful
moiety of his majefty’s fubjecls fhould eftablifh a truce. Addif
To Moil. v. a. [mouiller, French.]
1. To dawb with dirt. , .
All they which were left were moiled with dirt and mire
by reafon of the deepnefs of the rotten way. Knolles.
2. To weary. . r,
No more tug one another thus, nor moil yourfelves, re¬
ceive
Prize equal.
To Moil. v. n. [mouiller, French.]
1. To labour in the mire. r
Moil not too much under-ground, for the hope of mines
is very uncertain. Bacon's EJJays.
2. To toil; to drudge.
They toil and moil for the intereft of their mailers, that
in requital break'their hearts ; and the freer they are of their
flefh, the more fcandalous is the bondage. . L EJlrange.
Oh the endlefs mifery of the life I lead ! cries the moiling
hufband ; to fpend all my days in ploughing. L EJlrange.
Now he muft moil, and drudge, for one he loaths. Dry.
With thee ’twas Marian’s dear delight
To moil all day, and merry-make at night. Gay's Pajl.
MOIST, adj. [moijle, moite, French.]
i. Wet, not dry; wet, not liquid ; wet in a fmall degree.
Why were the moijl in number fo outdone.
That to a thoufand dry they are but one. Blackmore.
Many who live well in a dry air, fall into all the difeafes
that depend upon a relaxation in a moijl one Arbuthnot.
Nor yet, when moijl Arfturus clouds the fky,
The woods and fields their pleafing toils deny. Pope.
t/moht?CCU) [f m moijl.] To make damp; to make
To Moisten. } wet to a fmall degree, to amp.
Write till your ink be dry; and with your tears
Moijl it again ; and frame fome feeling line. Shakefpeare.
2
MOL
His breafts ate full of milk, and his bones are moijlened
with marrow. „ J°hxx*- 24-
A pipe a little moijlened on the infide, fo as there be no
drops left, maketh a more folemn found than if the pipe
were dry. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N®, 230.
When torrents from the mountains fall no more, the fwelling river is reduced into his fhallow bed, with fcarce water
to moijlen his own pebbles. Dryden s /En.
Mo'istener. n.f. [Isom, moijlen.] The perfon or thing that
moiftens. . r
Mo'istness. n.f. [from moijl.] Dampnefs ; wetnefs in a fmall
degree. , r r .
Pleafure both kinds take in the moijlnefs and denlity of tne
Bacons Nat. Hijl. N°. 823. air.
The fmall particles of brick or ftone the leaft moijlnefs
would join together. Addifon s Guard.
Mo'isture. n.f. [moiteur, Fr. from moijl.] Small quantity of
water or liquid.
Sometimes angling to a little river near hand, which, tor
the moijlure it bellowed upon roots of fome flourilhing trees,
was rewarded with their fhadow. Sidney.
All my body’s moijlure
Scarce ferves to quench my furnace-burning heat. Slab.
Set fuch plants as require much moi/ture upon landy, dry
grounds. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 526*
While drynefs moijlure, coldnefs heat refifts,
All that we have, and that we are, fublifts. Denham.
If fome penurious fource by chance appear’d
Scanty of waters, when you fcoop’d it dry,
And offer’d the full helmet up to Cato,
Did he not dafh th’ untafted moifiure from him. Addifon.
Mokes of a net. The melhes. Ainf
Mo'ky. adj. Dark :• as, moky weather. Ainf. It feems a
corruption of murky : and in fome places they call it muggy,
dufky.
MOLE. n.f. [mcel, Saxon; mole, Fr. mola, Lat.]
1. A mole is a formlefs concretion of extravafated blood, which
grows unto a kind of flefh in the uterus, and is called a falfe
conception. JJuincy.
2. A natural fpot or difcolouration of the body.
To nourifh hair upon the moles of the face, is the perpe¬
tuation of a very antient cuftom. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Such in painting are the warts and moles, which adding a
likenefs to the face, are not therefore to be omitted. Dryden.
That Timothy Trim and Jack were the fame perfon, was
proved, particularly by a mole under the left pap. Arbuthnot.
The peculiarities in Homer are marks and moles, by which
every common eye diftinguifhes him. Pope.
3. [From moles, Lat. mole, Fr.] A mound ; a dyke.
Sion is Heightened on the north fide by the fea-ruined
wall of the mole. Sandys.
With afphaltick flime the gather’d beach
They faften’d; and the mole immenfe wrought on
Over the foaming deep high-arch’d ; a bridge
Of length prodigious. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. x.
The great quantities of ftones dug out of the rock could
not eafily conceal themfelves, had they not been conlumed in
the moles and buildings of Naples. Addifon on Italy.
Bid the broad arch the dang’rous flood contain.
The mole projected break the roaring main. Pope.
4. A little beaft that works under-ground.
Tread foftly, that the blind mole may not
Hear a foot fall; we now are near his cell. Shakefpeare.
What is more obvious than a mole, and yet what more
Chapman's Iliad. palpable argument of Providence ? More.
Moles have perfeft eyes, and holes for them through the
Ikin, not much bigger than a pin’s head. Pay on the Creation.
’ Thy arts of building from the bee receive;
Learn of the mole to plow, the worm to weave. Pope.
Mo'le,bat. n.f. A filh. AinJ.
Mo'lecast. n.f. [mole and cajl.] Hillock call up by a mole.
In Spring let the molecajls be fpread, becaufe they hinder
the mowers. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Mo'lecatcher. n.f. [mole and catcher.] One whofe employ¬
ment is to catch moles.
Get moulecatcher cunningly moule for to kill.
And harrow and call abroad every hill. Tuffer s Hufb.
Mo'lehill. n.f. [mole and hill.] Hillock thrown up by the
mole working underground.
You feed your folitarinefs with the conceits of the poets,
whofe liberal pens can as eafily travel over mountains as mole¬
hills. Sidney.
The rocks, on which the falt-fea billows beat.
And Atlas’ tops, the clouds in height that pafs,
Compar’d to his huge perfon molehills be. Fairfax.
A churchwarden, to exprefs Saint Martin’s in the Fields,
caufed to be engraved a martin fitting upon a molehill between
two trees. Peacham on Blazoning.
Our politician having baffled confcience, muft not be nonplufed with inferior obligations; and, having leapt over fuch
mountains, lie down before a molehill. South’s Sermons.
16 R Mountains,
MOL MOM
Mountains, which to your Maker’s view
Seem lefs than molehills do to you. Rofcommon.
Strange ignorance ! that the fame man who knows
How far yond’ mount above this molehill fhows,
Should not perceive a difference as great
Between frnall incomes and a vaft eftate! Dryden's Juv.
To Mole'st. v. a. [moleJler,¥r. molejlus, Lat.j To difturb;
to trouble ; to vex.
If they Will firmly perfift concerning points which hitherto
have been difputed of, they muft agree that they have molejied the church with needlefs oppofition. Hooker, b. iii.
No man fhall meddle with them, or moleJl them in any
matter. 1 Mac. x. 35.
Pleafure and pain fignify whatfoever delights or molejis us.
Locke.
Both are doom’d to death ;
And the dead wake not to molejl the living. Rowe.
Molesta'tion. n.f [molejlia, Latin, from molejl.] Difturbance ; uneafinefs caufed by vexation.
Though ufelefs unto us, and rather of molejlation, we re¬
frain from killing fwalloWs. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
An internal fatisfa&ion and acquiefcience, or diflatisfaCHon
and molejlation of fpirit, attend the practice of virtue and vice
refpeCtively. Norris's Mifcel.
Mole'ster. n.f. [from molejl.’] One who difturbs.
Mo'letrack. n.f. [mole and track.] Courfe of the mole un¬
der-ground. „
The pot-trap is a deep earthen vefTel fet in the ground,
with the brim even with the bottom of the moletracks. Mort.
Mo'iewarp. n.f. [mole and peoppan, Saxon.] A mole.
The molew'arp’s brains mixt therewith all.
And with the fame the pifmire’s gall. Drayton's Nymphid.
Mo'llient. adj. [molliens, Latin.1 Softening.
Mo'llifiable. adj. [from mollify.] That may be foftened.
Mollifica'tion. n.f. [from mollify.]
1. The aCt of mollifying or foftening.
For induration or mollification, it is to be inquired what
will make metals harder and harder, and what will make
them fofter and fofter. Bacon.
2. Pacification; mitigation.
Some mollification, fweet lady. Sbakcfpeare.
Mo'llifier. n.f. [from mollify.]
1. That which foftens ; that which appeafes.
The root hath a tender, dainty heat; when, when it
cometh above ground to the fun and air, vanifheth ; for it is
a great modifier. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 863.
2. He that pacifies or mitigates.
To Mo'llify. v. a. [;mollio, Latin,; mollir, Fr.]
1. To foften; to make foft.
2. To afiwage.
Neither herb, nor mollifying plaifter, reftored them to
health. Wifd. xvi. 12.'
Sores have not been clofed, neither bound up, neither mol¬
lified with ointment. Ifa. i. 6.
3. Toappeafe; to pacify; to quiet.
Thinking her filent imaginations began to work upon fomewhat, to mollify them, as the nature of mufick is to do,
I took up my harp. Sidney, b. ii.
He brought them to thefe favage parts,
And with fweet fcience mollify d their ftubborn hearts.
Fairy Queen, b. ii.
The crone, on the wedding-night, finding the knight’s
averfion, fpeaks a good word for herfelf, in hope to mollify
the fullen bridegroom. Dryden.
4. To qualify; to leffen any thing harfh or burdenfome.
They would, by yielding to fome things, when they refufed others, fooner prevail with the houfes to mollify their
demands, than at firft to reform them. Clarendon, b. viii.
Cowley thus paints Goliah :
The valley, now, this monfter feem’d to fill.
And we, methought, look’d up to him from our hill;
where the two words, leem’d and methought, have mollified
the figure. Dryden's Pref. to his State ofInnocence.
Mo'lten. part. palf. from melt.
Brafs is molten out of the Hone. Job xxviii. 2.
In a frnall furnace made of a temperate heat; let the heat
be fuch as may keep the metal molten, and no more. Bacon.
Love’s myftick form the artizans of Greece
In wounded ftone, or molten gold exprefs. Prior.
Mo'ly. n.f. [tnoly, Latin; moly, French.]
The molly hath pinnated leaves, like thofe of the lentifcus,
but are terminated by an odd lobe : the flower expands in the
form of a rofe, and the fruit refembles a grain of pepper.
Miller.
Moly, or wild garlick, is of fcveral forts; as the great
moly of Homer, the Indian moly, the moly of Hungary, ferpeht s moly, the yellow moly, Spanifh purple moly, Spanilh
filver-capped moly, Diofcorides’s moly, the fweet moly of Mont¬
pelier : the roots are tender, and muft be carefully defended
S
from frofts: as for the time of their flowering, the moly ,of
Homer flowers in May, and continues till July, and fo do
all the reft except the laft, which is late in September. fhey
are hardy, and will thrive in any foil. Mortimer s Hufb,
The fovereign plant he drew,
And fhew’d its nature, and its wond’rous pow’r.
Black was the root, but milky white the flow’r;
Molly the name. Pope's Odyffey.
Molo'sses. in.f. [mellazzo, Italian.] Treacle; the fpume or
Mola'sses. J feum of the juice of the fugar-cane.
Mome. n.f. A dull, ftupid blockhead, a flock, a poft : this
owes its original to the French word mornon, which fignifies
the gaming at dice in mafquerade, the cuftom and rule of
which is, that a ftriCt filence is to be obferved; whatfoever
fum one flakes another covers, but not a word is to be
fpoken; from hence alfo comes our word mum for filence.
Hanmer.
Mome, malthorfe, capon, coxcomb, idiot, patch !
Either get thee from the door, or fit down at the hatch.
Shakefpeare's Comedy ofErrours.
MO'MENT. n.f. [:moment, Fr. momentum, Latin.]
1. Confequence; importance; weight; value.
We do not find that our Saviour reproved them of error,
for thinking the judgment of the feribes to be worth the ob¬
jecting, for efteeming it to be of any moment or value in mat¬
ters concerning God. Hooker, b. ii.
I have feen her die twenty times upon far poorer moment.
Shakefpeare's Antony and Cleopatra.
What towns of any moment but we have ? Shakefp.
It is an abftrufe fpeeulation, but alfo of far lefs moment and
confequence to us than the others; feeing that without this
we can evince the exiftence of God. Bentleys Sermons.
2. Force ; impulfive weight; actuating power.
The place of publick prayer is a circumftance in the out¬
ward form, which hath moment to help devotion. Hooker.
Can thefe or fuch be any aid to us ?
Look they as they were built to fhake the world ?
Or be a moment to our enterprize ? Benj. Johnfon.
Touch with lighteft moment of impulfe
His free-will, to her own inclining left
In even feale. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
He is a capable judge ; can hear both fides with an' indif¬
ferent ear; is determined only by the moments of truth, and
fo retraCts his paft errors. Norris's Mijcel.
3. An indivifible particle of time.
If I would go to hell for an eternal moment, or fo, I could
be knighted. Shakefp. Merry IVives of IVindfor.
The flighty purpofe never is o’ertook,
Unlefs the deed go with it: from this moment
The very firftlings of my heart fhall be
The firftlings of my hand. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The imaginary reasoning of brutes is not a diftinCt reafoning, but performed in a phyfical moment. Hale.
Yet thus receiving and returning blifs
In this great moment, in this golden now.
When ev’ry trace of what, or when, or how,
Shou’d from my foul by raging love be torn. Prior.
Mome'ntally, adv. [from momentum, Latin.] For a mo¬
ment.
Air but momentally remaining in our bodies, hath no pro¬
portionable fpace for its converfion, only of length enough to
refrigerate the heart. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
Momenta'neous. \ adj' [momentanee, Fr. momentaneus, Lat.]
Mo'mentany. j Lafting but a moment.
Small difficulties, when exceeding great good is fure^to enfue ; and, on the other lide, momentary benefits, when the
hurt which they draw after them is unlpeakable, are not at
all to be refpeCied. Hooker, b. i.
Flame above is durable and confiftent; but with us it is a
ftranger and momentany. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 31.
Momentary, adj. [from moment.] Lafting for a moment;
done in a moment.
Momentary as a found.
Swift as a fhadow, fhort as any dream. Shakefpeare.
Scarce could the fhady king
The horrid fum of his intentions tell.
But fhe, fwift as the momentany wing
Of light’ning, or the words he fpoke,&left hell. Craftaw.
Swift as thought the flitting fhade
Through air his motnentary journey made. Dryden.
Onions, garlick, pepper, fait and vinegar, taken in great
quantities, excite a momentary heat and fever. Arbuthnot.
Mome'ntous. adj. [from momentum, Latin.] Important;
weighty ; of confequence.
Great Anne, weighing th’ events of war
Momentous, in her prudent heart thee chofe. Philips.
If any falfe ftep be made in the more momentous^concerns
of life, the whole fcheme of ambitious defigns is broken. Add.
Mo'mmerw
MON M O' N
Mo'mmerV. n.f [or mummery, from mummer, rnmerie, Fr.J
An entertainment in which malkers play frolicks. See Mome.
AH was jollity,
Feafting and mirth, light wantonnefs and laughter.
Piping and playing, minftrelfy and mafking,
Till life fled from us like an idle dream,
A Ihew of mommery without a meaning. Rowe.
Mo'nachal. adj. [monacal, Fr. monachalis, Lat. /xovx^ixbi.]
Monaftick; relating to monks, or conventual orders.
Mo'nachism. n.f [monachifme, Fr.J The ftate of monks;
the monaftick life.
Monad. \„tf [uovaj.J An indiviftble thing.]
Mo nade. ) J Lr J b J
Difunity is the natural property of matter, which of itfclf
is nothing elfe but an infinite congeries of phyfical monads.
More's Divine Dialogues.
MONARCH, n.f. [monarch, Fr. [xovay^oq.]
1. A governor invefted with abfolute authority ; a king.
I was
A morfel for a monarch. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Your brother kings and monarchs of the earth
Do all expect that you lhould roufe yourfelf. Shakefpcare.
The father of a family or nation, that ufes his fervants like
children, and advifes with them in what concerns the com¬
monweal, and thereby is willingly obeyed by them, is what
the fchools mean by a monarch. Temple's Mifcel.
2. One fuperior to the reft of the fame kind.
The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees,
Three centuries he grows, and three he ftays
Supreme in ftate, and in three more decays. Dryden.
With eafe diftinguilh’d is the regal race,
One monarch wears an open, honeft face ;
Shap’d to his fize, and godlike to behold.
His royal body fhines with fpecks of gold. Dryden's Virg.
Return’d with dire remorfelefs fway^
The monarch favage rends the trembling prey. Pope's Odyf.
3» Prefident.
Come, thou monarch of the vine,
Plumpy Bacchus, with pink eyne.
In thy vats our care* be drown’d. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Monarchal, adj. [from monarch.] Suiting a monarch ; re¬
gal ; princely j imperial.
Satan, whom now tranfcendent glory rais’d
Above his fellows, with monarchal pride,
Confcious of higheft worth, unmov’d thus fpake. Milton.
Monarchical, adj. [monarckique, Fr. from mo¬
narch.] Vefted in a fingle ruler.
That ftorks will only live in free ftates, is a pretty con¬
ceit to advance the opinion of popular policies, and from an¬
tipathies in nature to difparage monarchical government.
Brown s Vulgar Errours, b, iii.
The decretals refolve all into a monarchical power at Rome.
Baker's Refedions on Learning.
To Mo'narchise. v. n. [from monarch.] To play the king.
Allowing him a breath, a little feene
To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks. Shakefp.
Monarchy, n.f. [monarchic, Fr. p-ovap^ia.]
1. The government of a fingle perfon.
While the monarchy flourilhed, thefe wanted not a protec¬
tor. Atterbury's Sermons.
2. Kingdom; empire.
v I paft
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night.
The firft that there did greet my ftranger foul.
Was my great father-in-law, renowned Warwick,
Who cried aloud. What fcourge for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford falfe Clarence. Shakefpeare.
This fmall inheritance
Contenteth me, and’s worth a monarchy. Shakefpeare.
Mo'nastery. n.f. [monafere, Fr. monaferturn, Lat.J Houfe
of religious retirement; convent. It is ufually pronounced,
and often written, monafry.
Then courts of kings were held in high renown ;
There, virgins honourable vows receiv’d.
But chafte as maids in monaferics liv’d. Dryden.
In a monafery your devotions cannot carry you fo far toward
the next world, as to make this lofe the fight of you. Pope.
Mona'stick. ? adj. [monafique, Fr. monaficus, Latin.] Re-
^ona'stical.J ligioufly reclufe ; pertaining to a monk.
I drave my fuitor to forfwear the full ftream of the world,
and to live in a nook merely monaf.ick. Shak. As you like it.
The filicious and hairy vefts of the ftridfelt orders of friers
derive the inftitution of their monafick life from the example
of John and Elias. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. v.
When young, you led a life monafick,
And wore a vaft ecclefiaftick ; ^ >
Now in your age you grow fantaftick. Denham. J
Mona'stically. adv. [from monafick.] Rcclufely ; in the
manner of a monk.
I have a dozen years more to anfwer for, all monafically
pafled in this country of liberty and delight. Swift.
Mo'nday. n.f. [from moon and day.] The fecond day of the
week.
Mo'ney. n.f [monnoye, French; moneta, Latin. It has proerly no plural except when money is taken for a fingle piece;
ut monies was formerly ufed for fums.] Metal coined for
the purpofes of commerce.
Importune him for monies ; be not eeaft
With flight denial. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
The jealous wittolly knave hath mafles of money.t Shakefp.
You need my help, and you fay,
Shylock, we would have monies. Shakefpeare.
I will give thee the worth of it in money. I Kings xxi. 2.
Wives the readieft helps
To betray heady hufbands, rob the eafy,
And lend the monies on return of luft. Benj. Johnfcn.
Aioney differs from uncoined filver, in that the quantity of
lilver in each piece of money is afeertained by the ftamp it
bears, which is a publick voucher. Locke.
My difeourfe to the hen-peck’d has produced many correfpondents ; fuch a difeourfe is of general ufe, and every mar¬
ried man’s money. Add-on's Sped. N° 482.
People are not obliged to receive any monies, except of
their own coinage by a publick mint. Swift.
Thofe huckfterers or money jobbers will be found neceffary,
if this brafs money is made current in the exchequer. Swift.
Mo'neybac, n. f. [money and bag.] A large purl’e.
Look to my houfe; I am right loch to go;
There is fome ill a brewing towards my reft,
For I did dream of moneybags to-night. Shakefpeare.
My place was taken up by an ill-bred puppy, with a mo¬
neybag under each arm. Addifon's Guard. N°. 106.
Mo'neybox. n.f. [money and box.] A till.
Moneychanger, n. J\ [money and change.] A broker in
money.
The uferers or moneychangers being a fcandalous employment
at Rome, is a reafon for the high rate of intereft. Arbuthnot.
Mo'neyed. adj. [from money.] Rich in money : often ufed in
oppofition to thofe who are poflefled of lands.
Invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the con¬
tinuing and quickening of trade. Bacon s Ef'ays.
If exportation will not balance importation, away muft
your filver go again, whether moneyed or not moneyed; for
where goods do not, filver muft pay for the commodities you
fpend. Locke.
Several turned their money into thofe funds, merchants as
well as other moneyed men. Swift.
With thefe meafures fell in all monied men ; fuch as had
raifed vaft fums by trading with ftocks and funds, and lend¬
ing upon great intereft. Swift.
Mo'neyer. n.f. [monneyer-eur, Fr. from money.]
1. One that deals in money; a banker.
2. A coiner of money.
Mo'neyless. adj. [from money.] Wanting money; pennilefs.
The ftrong expedition of a good certain falpry will out¬
weigh the lols by bad rents received out ©f lands in moneylefs
time. Swift.
Mo'neymatter. n. f. [money and matter.] Account of debtor
and creditor.
What if you and I Nick lhould enquire how moneymatters
ftand between us ? Arbuthnot's Hif. ofJohn Bill.
Mo'neyscrivener. n.f. [moneyexAfcrivener.] One who raifes
money for others.
Suppofe a young unexperienced man in the hands of moneyferiveners; fuch fellows are like your wire-drawing mills, if
they get hold of a man’s finger, they will pull in his whole
body at laft. Arbuthnot's Hif. of John Bull.
Mo'neywort. n.f. A plant,
Mo'neysworth. n.f. [money and worth.] Something valueable ; fomething that will bring money. .
There is either money or moneyfworth in all the controverfies of life; for we live in a mercenary world, and it is the
price of all things in it. L'Efrange.
Mo'ngcorn. n.f. [mans, Saxon, and corn.] Mixed corn:
as, wheat and rie.
Mo'nger. n.f. [man^epe, Saxon, a trader; from mansian,
Saxon, to trade.] A dealer; a feller. It is ufed after the
name of any commodity to exprefs a feller of that commo¬
dity : as, a fijhmonger ; and fometimes a medler in any thing:
as, a whoremonger ; a newfmonger.
Th’ impatient ftates monger
Could now contain himfelf no longer, Hudibras, p. iii.
Mo'ngrel. adj. [as mongcorn, from manj, Saxon, or inengen,
to mix, Dutch.] Of a mixed breed.
This Zealot
Is of a mongrel, divers kind,
Clcrick before, and lay behind. Hudibras, p. i.
Ye mongrel work of heav’n, with human fhapes,
That have but juft enough of fenle to know
The mafter’s voice. Dryden s Don Sibafian.
I’m but a half-ftraln’d villain yet,
But mongrel paifehievous. Dryden.
V Bale,
MON MON
Addifon.
Bale, groveling, wortnlefs wretches;
Mongrels. in faction ; poor faint-hearted traitors.
His friendlhip ftill to few confin’d,
Were always of the middling kind ;
No fools of rank, or mongrel breed,
Who fain wou’d pafs for lords indeed. Swift's Mifeel.
Mo'niment. n.f [from moneo, Lat.J It feems here to fignify
infeription.
Some others were driven and diftent
Into great ingots and to wedges fquare,
Some in round plates withouten moniment. Fairy Jfueen.
To Mo'nish. V. a. [moneo, Lat.j To admonifh, of which it
is a contra&ion.
Monif) him gently, which fhall make him both willing to
amend, and glad to go forward in love. A[cham's Scboolmajler.
Mo'nisher. n.f [from monijh.] An admonifher; a monitor.
Moni'tion. n.f [monitio, Latin; monition, Fr.J
1. Information; hint.
We have no vifible monition of the returns of any other
periods, fuch as we have of the day, by fucceffive light and
darknefs. Holder on Time.
2. Inftrudtion; document.
Unruly ambition is deaf, not only to the advice of friends,
but to the counfels and monitions of reafon itfelf. L'Ejlrange.
After fage monitions from his friends,
His talents to employ for nobler ends,
He turns to politicks his dang’rous wit. Swift.
Mo'nitor. n. f. [Latin.] One who warns of faults, or in¬
forms of duty; one who gives ufeful hints. It is ufed of an
upper fcholar in a fchool commifiioned by the mafter to look
to the boys in his abfence.
You need not be a monitor to the king; his learning is
eminent: be but his fcholar, and you are fafe. Bacon.
It was the privilege ofAdam innocent to have thefe notions
alfo firm and untainted, to carry his monitor in his bofom, his
law in his heart, and to have fuch a confidence as might be
its own cafuift. South's Sermons.
We can but divine who it is that fipeaks ; whether Perfius
himfelf, or his friend and monitor, or a third perfion. Dryden.
The pains that come from the necefiities of nature, are
monitors to us to beware of greater mifehiefs. Locke.
Mo'nitory. adj. [monitoire, Fr. monitorius, Lat.] Conveying
ufeful inftru&ion ; giving admonition.
Lofles, mificarriages, and difiappointments, are monitory
and inftrudtive. . L'Ejlrange's Fables.
He is fio taken up flill, in fipite of the monitory hint in my
efiay, with particular men, that he negle&s mankind. Pope.
Mo'nitory. n.f. Admonition; warning.
A king of Hungary took a bifhop in battle, and kept him
prifioner; whereupon the pope writ a monitory to him, for
that he had broken the privilege of holy church. Bacon.
MONK. n.f. [monec, Saxon; monachus, Latin; yovx^d;.]
One of a religious community bound by vows to certain obfervances.
’Twould prove the verity of certain words.
Spoke by a holy monk. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Abdemeleck, as one weary of the world, gave over all,
and betook himfelf to a folitary life, and became a melan¬
choly Mahometan monk. Knolles’s Hijl. of the Turks.
The dronilh monks, the fcorn and lhame of manhood,
Roufe and prepare once more to take pofieflion,
And neftle in their ancient hives again. Rowe.
Monks, in fome refpe&s, agree with regulars, as in the
fubftantial vows of religion ; but in other refpeds, monks and
regulars differ; for that regulars, vows excepted, are not tied
up to fo ftridt a rule of life as monks are. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Mo'nkey. n.f. [manikin, a little man.]
j. An ape ; a baboon ; a jackanapes. An animal bearing fome
refemblance of man.
One of them fhewed me a ring that he had of your daugh¬
ter for a monkey: Tubal, it was my turquoife ; I would not
have given it for a wildernefs of monkeys. Sbakefpeare.
More new-fangled than an ape ; more giddy in my defires
than a monkey. Sbakefp. As you like it.
Other creatures, as well as monkeys, deftroy their young
ones by fenfelefs fondnefs. Locke on Education.
With glittering gold and fparkling gems they fhine.
But apes and monkeys are the gods within. Granville.
2. A word of contempt, or flight kindnefs.
This is the monkey’s own giving out; fhe is perfuaded I
will marry her. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Poor monkey! how wilt thou do for a father ? Shakefp.
Mo'nkery. n.f. [from monk.] The monaftick life.
Neither do I meddle with their evangelical perfection of
vows, nor the dangerous fervitude of their rafh and impotent
votaries, nor the inconveniences of their monkery. Hall.
Mo'njchood. n.f [monk and hood.] The character of a monk.
He had left oft his monkhood too, and was no longer obliged
to them. Atterbury.
Mo'nkish. adj. [from monk.] Monaftick ; pertaining to monks;
taught by monks.
- I hofe publick charities are a greater ornament to this city
than all its wealth, and do more real honour to the reformed
religion, than redounds to the church of Rome from all thofe
monkijh and fuperftitious foundations of which fhe vainly
boafts. Atterbury's Sermons.
Rife, rife, Rofcommon, fee the Blenheim mufe.
The dull conftraint of monkijh rhyme refufe. Smith.
Monk’s-hood. n.f. A plant. Ainf.
Monk’s-rhubarb, n.f. A fpecies of dock: its roots are
ufed in medicine.
Mo'nochord. n.f. [ub'j(& and ^opJv.]
1. An inftrument of one firing: as, the trumpet marine. Har.
2. A kind of inftrument anciently of fingular ufe for the regu¬
lating of founds : the ancients made ufe of it to determine
the proportion of founds to one another: when the chord was
divided into two equal parts, fo that the terms were as one
to one, they called them unifons ; but if they were as two
to one, they called them oCfaves or diapafons; when they
were as three to two, they called them fifths or diapentes ;
if they were as four to three, they called them fourths or dia- .
teflerons; if the terms were as five to four, they called it
diton, or a tierce major; but if the terms were as fix to five,
then they called it a demi-diton, or a tierce minor; and,
laftly, if the terms were as twenty-four to twenty-five, they
called it a demiton or dieze : the monochord being thus divid¬
ed, was properly that which they called a fyftem, of which
there were many kinds, according to the different divifions of
the monochord. Harris.
Mon'ocular. 7 adj. [yov©* and oculus.] One-eyed; having
Mono'culous. ) only one eye.
He was well ferved who, going to cut down an antient
white hawthorn tree, which, becaufe fhe budded before
others, might be an occafion of fuperftition, had fome of the
prickles flew into his eyes, and made him monocular. Howel.
Thofe of China repute all the reft of the world monoculous.
Glanvilie's Seep.
Mo'nody. n.f. [jwovwJf*; monodie, Fr.] A poem fung by one
perfon not in dialogue.
Mono'gamist. n.f. [y.6v@* and yxy.@y; monogame, Fr.] One
who difallows fecond marriages.
Monogamy, n. f. [monogamie, Fr. yovo; and yxysu.] Mar¬
riage of one wife.
Mo'nogram. n.f. yov(§y and ypdy.y.% ; monogramone, Fr.] A
Hr cypher ; a chara&er compounded of feveral letters.
Mo'nologue, n. f. [juoV^ and Xoy(§y; monologue, Fr.] A
feene in which a perfon of the drama fpeaks by himfelf; a
foliloquy.
He gives you an account of himfelf, and of his returning
from the country, in ?nonologue; to which unnatural way of
narration Terence is fubject in all his plays. Dryden.
Mo'nomachy. n.f. [youoyx^ix ; y.6v<&> and A duel;
a Angle combat.
Mo'nome. n.f. [monome, Fr.] In algebra, a quantity that has
but one denomination or name ; as, ab, aab, aaab. Harris.
Monope'talous. adv. [monopetale, Fr. ydv<& and zrirxXov.]
It is ufed for fuch flowers as are formed out of one leaf, howfoever they may be feemingly cut into many fmall ones, and
thofe fall off together. Quincy.
Monopolist, n.f. [monopoleur, French.] One who by engrofling or patent obtains the foie power or privilege of vend¬
ing any commodity.
To Mono polize. v. a. [y.ov(£f and •sruXtu; monopoler, Fr.]
To have the foie power or privilege of vending anv commo¬
dity.
He has fuch a prodigious trade, that if there is not fome
flop put, he will monopolize; nobody will fell a yard of dra¬
pery, or mercery ware, but himfelf. Arbuthnot.
Mono'poly. n.f. [yovoTruXix ; monopole, Fr. yov(&> and srwAew.] The exclufive privilege of fellino- any thin**.
Doft thou call me fool, boy ? °
All thy other titles haft thou given away; that thou
Waft born with.
—Lords and great men will not let me; if I had a mono¬
poly on't they would have part on’t. Shakefp. King Lear.
One of the moft oppreffive monopolies imaginable ; all
others can concern only fomething without us, but this faftens upon our nature, yea upon our reafon. Go. ofthe Tongue.
Shakefpeare rather writ happily than knowingly and julfly;
and Johnfon, who by ftudying Horace, had been acquainted
with the rules, yet feemed to envy to pofterity that know¬
ledge, and to make a monopoly of his learning. Dryden s Juv.
Mono ptote. n.f. [yov®> and Is a noun ufed only
in lome one oblique cafe. Clarke's Latin Grammar.
ono such, n.f. [yovdrtp^ov.J A compofition of one verfe.
Monosylla'bical. adj. [from monofy,liable.] Confiftin^ of
words of one fyllable.
MONOSY'LLABLE. n.f. [monoj'yllabe, Fr. juov®* and vj\-
XuGy.] A word of only one fyllable.
My name of Ptolemy !
It is fo long it afks an hour to write it
I’ll change it into Jove or Mars !
Or any other civil monofyliable.
That will not tire my hand.
'/0 // J
'X-r? byA \ j6 / 3
n
Dryden*: Cle:mer.es.
Thefe,
lyr <v
M O N
Thefe, although not infenlible how much our language
was already over-ftocked with monofyllables, yet;, to Tave tune
and pains, introduced that barbarous cuftom of abbreviating
words" to fit them to the meafure of their verfes. Swift.
Monojyliable lines, unlefs artfully managed, are ftiff or languifhing; but may be beautiful to exprefs melancholy.
Monosy llabled. adj. [tnonofyllabe, Fr. from monofyliable.]
Confuting of one fyllable.
Nine taylors, if rightly fpell’d.
Into one man are monofyllabled. Cleayeland.
Mono'tony. n.f. [y.ovolovia ; pcovoi and tovs? ; monotonie, Fr.]
Uniformity of found ; want of variety in cadence.
I could objedt to the repetition of the fame rhimes withili
four lines of each other as tirefome to the ear through their
monotony. P°Pe s Letlers*
MONSIEUR, n. f. [French.] A term of reproach for a
Frenchman.
A Frenchman his companion ;
An eminent menfieur, that, it feems, much loves
A Gallian girl. Sbakefpeare s Cymbeline.
Monso'on. n.f. [monfon, mon^on, Fr.]
Monfoans are fhifting trade winds in the Eaft Indian ocean,
which blow periodically; fome for half a year one way,
others but for three months, and then fhift and blow tor nx
or three months direitly contrary. Harris.
The monfoans and trade winds are conftant and periodical
even to the thirtieth degree of latitude all around the globe,
and feldom tranfgrefs or fall ftiort of thofe bounds. Ray.
MO'NSTER.. n.J. [monjlre, Fr. monftrum, Latin.]
I.Something out of the common order of nature.
It ought to be determined whether monflers be really a diftindt fpecies ; we find, that fome of thefe monftrous pro¬
ductions have none of thofe qualities that accompany the
eflence of that fpecies from whence they derive. Locke.
1. Something horrible for deformity, wickednefs, or mifchief.
If fhe live long.
And, in the end, meet the old courfe of death.
Women will all turn monflers. Shakefp. King Lear.
All human virtue
Finds envy never conquer’d but by death :
The great Alcides ev’ry labour paft,
Had ftill this monfler to fubdue at laft. Pope.
*1*0 Mo'nster. v. a. [from the noun.] To put but ol the
common order of things. Not in ufe.
Her offence
Muft be of fuch unnatural degreee
That monflers it. Shakefp. King Lear.
I had rather have one fcratch my head i’ th’ fun.
When the alarum were flriick, than idly fit
To hear my rlothings rOonfer'd. Shakefp. Coriolantts.
Monstrosity. ?«•/• [from monfrous.] The ftate of being
Monstru'ositY. J monftrous, or out of the common order
of the univerfe. Monflrofity is more analogous.
This is the movflruofity in love, that the will is infinite,
and the execution confin’d. Shakefp, Troll, and Crcffida.
Such a tacit league is againft fuch routs and fhoals of peo¬
ple, as have utterly degenerated from nature, as have in their
very body and frame of eftate a monflrofity. Bacon.
We read of monftrous births, but we often fee a greater
monflrofity in educations : thus, when a father has begot a
man, he trains him up into a beaft. South s Sermons.
By the fame law monflrofity could not incapacitate from mar¬
riage, witnefs the cafe of hermaphrodites. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Mo'nstrous. adj. [monfrUeux, Fr. monflrofus, Latin.]
1. Deviating from the ftated order of nature.
Every thing that exifts has its particular conftitution ; and
yet fome monflrous productions have few of thofe qualities
which accompany the efi'ence of that fpecies from whence
they derive their originals. Locke.
2. Strange; wonderful. Generally with fome degree of diflike.
•Is it not monfrous that this player here
But in a fiction, in a dream of paflion.
Could force his foul fo to his conceit,
That, from her working, all his vifage wan’d. Shakefp.
O monfrous! but one halfpennyworth of bread to this
intolerable deal of fack. Sbakefpeare.
3. Ir.egular; enormous.
No monflrous height, or breadth, or length appear,
The whole at once is bold and regular. Pope.
4. Shocking; hateful.
This was an invention given out by the Spaniards, to fave
the monfrous fcorn their nation received. Bacon.
Monstrous, adv. Exceedingly; very much. A cant term.
Oil of vitriol and petroleum, a dram of each, turn into a
mouldy fubftance, there refid ing a fair cloud in the bottom,
and a monflrous thick oil on the top. aeon.
She was eafily put off the hooks, and monfrous hard to be
pleafed again. ... L'Efrange.
Add, that the rich have ftill a gibe in ftore, ^
And will be monfrous witty on the poor. Dryden s Juv.
MON
Monstrously, adv. [from monjlrous.]
1. In a manner out of the common order of natiife; Clocks
Ingly; terribly; horribly.
He walks \
And that felf chain about his neck,
Which he forfwore moft monfroufy to have. Sbakefpeare.
Tiberius was bad enough in his youth, but fuperlatively
and monfroufy fo in his old age. South's Sermons.
2. To a great or enormous degree.
Thefe truths with his example you difprove.
Who with his wife is monfroufy in love. Dryden's Juv.
Mo'nstrousness. n.f. [from monfrous.] Enormity; irregu¬
lar nature or behaviour.
See the monfroufnefs of man;
When he looks out in an ungrateful ftiape ! Sbakefpeare.
MO'NTANT. n.f. [French.] A term in fencing.
Vat be all you, one, two, tree, four, come for ?
—To fee thee fight, to fee thee pafs thy punblo, thy
ftock, thy traverfe, thy diftance, thy montant. Shakefp,
MONTE'RO. n.f. [Spanilh.] A horfeman’s cap.
His hat was like a helmet, or Spanilh montero. Bacon.
Monte'th. n.f. [from the name of the inventor.] A veffel
in which glafl’es are wafhed.
New things produce new words, and. thus Mohtetb
Has by one veffel fav’d his name from death. King.
MONTH, n.f. [monaft, Saxon.] A fpace of time either meafured by the fun or moon: the lunar month is the time be¬
tween the change and change, or the time in which the moon
comes to the fame point: the folar month is the time in
which the fun paffes through a fign of the zodiack : the
calendar months, by which we reckon time, are unequally
of thirty or one-and-thirty days, except February, which is
of twenty-eight, and in leap year of twenty-nine.
Till'the expiration of your month,
Sojourn with my filter. Shakefp. King Lear»•
From a month old even unto five years old. Lev. xxvii. 6.
Months are not only lunary, and meafured by the moon,
but alfo folary, and determined by the motion of the fun, in
thirty degrees of the ecliptick. Brown s Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
As many months as I fuftain'd her hate.
So many years is Ihe condemn’d by fate
To daily death. Dryden’s Theo. and Honoria.
Month’s mind. n.f. Longing define.
You have a month's mind to them. Sbakefpeare.
For if a trumpet found, or drum beat.
Who has not a month's mind to combat ? Hudibras, p. i„
Mo'nthly. adj. [from month.]
1. Continuing a month ; performed in a month.
I would afk concerning the monthly revolutions of the moon
about the earth, or the diurnal ones of the earth upon its
own axis, whether thefe have been finite or infinite. Bentley.
2. Happening every month;
The youth of heav’nly birth I view’d.
For whom our monthly victims are renew’d. Dryden.
Mo'nthly. adv. Once in a month.
If the one may very well monthly, the other may as well
even daily, be iterated. Hooker, b. v.
O fwear not by the moon, th’ inconftant moon.
That changes monthly in her circled Orb ;
Left that thy love prove likewife variable. Shakefpeare.
MONTOTR. n.f. [French.] In horfemanfhip, a ftone as high
as the ftirrups, which Italian riding-mafters mount their
horfes ftom, without putting their foot in the ftirrup. Di£l.
Montro'ss. n. f. An under gunner, or affiftant to a gunner,
engineer, or fire-mafter. Di£l.
MO'NUMENT. n.f. [monument, Fr. monumentum, Latin.]
1. Any thing by which the memory of perfons or things is preferved ; a memorial.
In his time there remained the monument of his tomb in
the mountain Jafius. Raleigh's Hif. of the World.
He is become a notable monument of unprofiperous dis¬
loyalty. King Charles.
So many grateful altars I would rear
Of graffy turf; and pile up every ftone
Of luftre from the brook; in memory'.
Or monument to ages : and thereon
Offer fweet-fmelling gums. Milton's Par. Lof, b. xi.
Of ancient Britilh art
A pleafing monument, not lefs admir’d
Than what from Attick or Etrufcan hands
Arofe. t Philips.
Colledt the beft monuments of our friends, their 6wn images
in their writings. Pope to Swifti
2. A tomb ; a cenotaph ; fomething ere&ed in memory of the
dead.
On your family’s old monument
Hang mournful epitaphs, and do all rites
That appertain unto a burial. Shakefpeare.
The flowers which in the circling valley grow.
Shall on his monument their odours throw. Sandys’s Paraph.
In a heap of flain,
Two youthful knights they found beneath a load oppreft
16 s Qf
MOO MOO
Of flaughter’d foes, whom firft to death they fent,
I he trophies of their ftrength, a bloody monument. Dryd.
With thee on Raphael’s monument I mourn,
Or wait infpiring dreams at Maro’s urn. Pope's Mifcel.
Monume'ntal. adj. [from monument.] Memorial; prefervrng
memory.
When the fun begins to fling
His flaring beams, me, goddefs, bring
To arched walks of twilight groves.
And fhadows brown that Sylvan loves,
Of pine or monumental oak. Milton.
The definition of the earth was the mod monumental
proof that could have been given to all the fucceeding ages
of mankind. Woodward's Nat. Hijl. p. ii.
The polifh’d pillar different fculptures grace,
A work outlafting monumental brafs. Pope.
2.Raifed in honour of the dead ; belonging to a tomb.
Perfeverance keeps honour bright ;
To have done, is to hang quite out of fafhion,
Like rufty mail in monumental mockery. Shakefpeare.
I’ll not fear that whiter lkin of her than fnow,
And fmooth as monumental alabafter. Shakejp. Othello.
Therefore if he needs muff go,
And the fates will have it fo,
Softly may he be poffeft
Of his monumental reft. Crajhaw.
MOOD, n.f [mode, Fr. modus, Latin.]
1. The form of an argument.
Mood is the regular determination of propofitions accord¬
ing to their quantity and quality, i. e. their univerfal or par¬
ticular affirmation or negation. Watts's Logick.
Ariftotle reduced our loofe reafonings to certain rules, and
made them conclude in mode and figure. Baker on Learning.
2. Stile of mufick.
They move
In perfedl phalanx, to the Dorian mood
Of flutes, and foft recorders. Miltons Par. Loft, b. i.
Their found feems a tune
Harfh, and of diffonant mood from his complaint. Milton.
3. The change the verb undergoes in fome languages, as the
Greek, Latin, and French, to fignify various intentions of
the mind, is called mood. Clarke's Lat. Grammar.
4. [From mod, Gothick; mob, Saxon; moed, Dutch; and
generally in all Teutonick dialedts.] Temper of mind ; ftate
of mind as affedled by any paffion; difpofition.
The trembling ghofts, with fad amazed mood.
Chattering their iron teeth, and flaring wide
With ftony eyes. Fairy ghieen, b. i.
The kingly beaft upon her gazing flood,
With pity calm’d, down fell his angry mood. Fairy £hi.
Eyes,
Albeit unufed to the melting mood.
Drop tears as fall as the Arabian trees
Their medicinal gum. Shake/p. Othello.
Clorinda changed to ruth her warlike mood.
Few filver drops her vermil cheeks depaint. Fairfax.
Solyman, in a melancholy mood, walked up and down in
his tent a great part of the night. Knolles.
She was in iitteft mood
For cutting corns, or letting blood. Hudibras, p. ii.
Thel'e two kids t’ appeal'e his angry mood
I bear, of which the furies give him good. Dryden.
He now profufe of tears,
In fuppliant mood fell proftrate at our feet. Addifon.
5. Anger; rage; heat of mind. Mod, in Gothick, ftgnifies
.habitual temper.
That which we move for our better inftrudtion’s fake, turneth into anger and choler in them ; yet in their mood they call
forth fomewhat wherewith, under pain of greater difpleafure,
we mull reft contented. Hooker, b. v.
Mo'ody. adj. [from mood.]
1. Angry ; out of humour.
How now, moody ?
What is’t thou canft demand ? Shakefp. Tempef.
Chide him rev’rently,
When you perceive his blood inclin’d to mirth j
But being moody, give him line and lcope,
Till that his paffions, like a whale on ground.
Confound themfelves with working. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Every peevifh, moody malecontent
Shall fet the fenfelcfs rabble in an uproar ? Rowe.
2. Mental; intellectual : mob in Saxon fignifies the mind.
Give me fome mufick ; mufick, moody food
Of us that trade in love. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
MOON. n.f. [ixnvri; mena, Gothick; mena, Saxon; mona,
Iflandick ; tnaane, Danifh ; mane, German ; maen, Dutch.]
I. I he changing luminary of the night, called by poets Cyn¬
thia or Phcebe.
.} t,l00n ftdnes bright: ’twas fuch a night as this,
When the fweet wind did gently kifs the trees,
And they did make no noife. Shakefpeare.
O fwear not by the moon, th’ inconftant moon.
That monthly changes in her circled orb,
Left that thy love prove likewife variable. Shakefpeare.
Diana hath her name from moiflen, wiiich is the property
of the moon, being by nature cold and moift, and is feigned
to be a goddefs huntrefs. Peacham.
Ye moon and ftars bear witnefs to the truth ! Dryden>
2. A month. Ainf
3. [In fortification.] It is ufed in compofition to denote a figure
refembling a crcfcent: as, a half moon.
Moon-beam, n.f [moon and beam.] Rays of lunar light.
The divifion and quavering, which pleafe fo much in mu¬
fick, have an agreement with the glittering of light, as the
moon-beams playing upon a wave. Bacon's Nat. Htfi.
On the water the moon-beams played, and made it appear
like floating quickfilver. . Dryden on Dramatick Poefy.
Moon-calf, n.f [moon and calf.]
1. A monfter; a falfe conception : fuppofed perhaps anciently
to be produced by the influence of the moon.
How cam’ll thou to be the fiege of this moon-calf. Shak.
2. A dolt; a ftupid fellow.
The potion works not on the part defign’d,
But turns his brain, and ftupifies his mind;
The fotted moon-calf gapes. Dryden's Juvenal*
Moon-eyed. adj. [moon and eye.]
j. Having eyes afleCted by the revolutions of the moon.
2. Dim eyed; purblind. Ainf
Moonfe'rn.] n.f. A plant. Ainf
Moon-fish. n.f.
Moon-fifh is fo called, becaufe the tail fin is fhaped like a
half moon, by which, and his odd truffed Ihape, he is fufficiently diftinguifhed. Grew's Mufeeum.
Mo'onless. adj. [from moon.] Not enlightened by the moon.
Affifted by a friend, one moonlefs night,
This Palamon from prifon took his flight. Dryden.
Mo'onlight. n. f. [moon and light.] The light afforded by
the moon.
Their bifhop and his clergy, being departed from them by
moonlight, to choofe in his room any other bifhop, had been
altogether impoffible. , Hooker»
Thou haft by moonlight at her window fung,
With feigning voice, verfes offeigning love. Shakefpeare.
Mo'onlight. adj. Illuminated by the moon.
If you will patiently dance in our round,
And fee our moonlight revels, go with us. Shakefpeare.
What beck’ning ghoft along the moonlight (hade
Invites my fteps, and points to yonder glade f Pope.
Moon-seed. n.f. [menifpermurn, Latin.]
The moon-feed hath a rofaceous flower, confifting of feveral
fmall leaves, which are placed round the embrio in a circular
order: the pointal, which is divided into three parts at the
top, afterward becomes the fruit or berry, in which is in¬
cluded one flat feed, which is, when ripe, hollowed like the
appearance of the moon. Miller.
Mo'onshine. n.f. [moon and fine.]
1. The luftre of the moon.
Pinch him, and burn him, and turn him about,
Till candles, and ftarlight, and moonjhine be out. Shakefp,
I, by the moonjhine, to the windows went:
And, ere I was aware, figh’d to myfelf. Dryd. Span. Fr.
2. [In burlefque.] A month.
I am fome twelve or fourteen moonjhines
t Lag of a brother. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Mo'onshine. ) adj. [moon andfhine.] Illuminated by the moon:
Mo'oNshiny. J both feem a popular corruption of moonfining.
Fairies, black, grey, green, and white,
You moonfine revellers, and fhades of night. Shakefpeare.
Althought it was a fair moonfine night, the enemy thought
not fit to aflault therm Clarendon, b. vlii.
I went to fee them in a moonfiny nia;ht. AddH'nn
Mo'onstone. n.f. A kind of Hone. j*f
Mo'onstruck. adj. [moon andflruck.] Lunatick; affected by
the moon. 1
Demoniack phrenfy, moaping melancholy.
And moonjlruck madnefs. Milton's Par. Lof, b. xi.
Moon-trefoil, n.f [medicago, Latin.] A plant.
The moon-trefoil hath a papilionaceous flower, out of whofe
empalement ariies the pointal, which afterwards becomes a
plain orbiculated fruit, fhaped like an half moon. Miller.
Mo onwort. n.f [moon and wort.] Stationflower; honefty.
The flower ol the moonwort confifts of four leaves in form
of a crofs ; the ovary which arifes in the centre ofthe flower
becomes a compreffed perfedlly-ftnooth fruit, divided into two
cells, and filled with feeds. Miller.
Mo'ony. adj. [from moon.] Lunated; having a crcfcent for
the flandard refembling the moon.
Encount’ring fierce
T he Solymean fultan, he o’erthrew
His moony troops, returning bravely fmear’d
With Panim blood. Philips»
The Soldan galls th’ Illyrian coaft;
But foon the milcreant moony hoft
Before the vidtor-crofs fhall fly. Fenton.
MOOR. n.f. [moer, Dutch; snodder, Teutonick, clay.]
1. A marfh ; a fen ; a bog; a trail of low and watry grounds.
While
M O P M O R
\Vhile in her-girlifh age Hie kept fiieep on the moor, it
chanced that a London merchant palling by faw her, and
liked her, begged her of her poor parents, and carried her to
his home. Cornu's Survey of Cornwall.
In the great level near Thorny, leveral trees of oak and
fir {land in firm earth below the moor. Hale.
Let the marfh of Elfham Bruges tell,
What colour were their waters that fame day,
And all the moor ’twixt Elverfham and Dell. Fairy §hi.
2. [.Maurus, Latin.] A negro ; a black-a-moor.
I fhall anfwer that better than you can the getting up of
the negro’s belly ; the moor is with child by you. Shakefp.
To Moor. v. a. [morer, French.] To fallen by anchors of
otherwife.
Three more fierce Eurus in his angry mood
Dalh’d on the lhallows of the moving land.
And in mid ocean left them moor'd at hand. Drydcn.
To MooR. V. ti. To be fixed ; to be flationed.
./Eneas gain’d Cajeta’s bay :
At length on oozy ground his gallies moor,
Their heads are turn’d to lea, their Herns to fhore. Dryd.
Mv veflel, driv’r. by a Hrong guft of wind,
Moor'd in a Chian creek. Addifon's Ovid.
He vifited the top of Taurus and the famous Ararat, where
Noah’s ark firH moor’d. Arbutbnot and Pope’s Mart. Scnb.
To blow a Moor, [at the fall of a deer, corrupted from a mort,
French.] To found the hern in triumph, and call in the
whole company of hunters. Ainf.
Mo'orcock. n.f. [moor and cock.] The male of the moorhen.
Mo'orhen. n.J. [moor and ben.] A fowl that feeds in the fens,
without web feet.-
Water fowls, as fea-gulls and moorhens, when they flock
and fly together from the fea towards the fliores, forefhew
rain and wind. Bacon's JViit. Hift-. N°. S23.
Mo'orish. n.f. [from moor.] Fenny; marlhy; watry.
In the great level near Thorny, feveral oaks and firs have
lain there till covered by the inundation of the frelh and fait
waters, and moorijh earth exaggerated upon them. Hale.
Along the moorijh fens
Sighs the lad genius of the coming Form. Thomfon.
Mo'orland. n.f. [moor and land.] Marlh; fen; watry
ground.
' In the fouth part of Staffordlhire they go to the north for
feed corn, and they of the north to the fouth, except in the
moorlands. Mortimer's Hufbanclry.
Or like a bridge that joins a marilh
To moorlands of a different parifh. Swift.
Mo'orstone. n.f. A fpecies of granite.
The third flratum is of great rocks of moorjlohe and fandy
earth. Woodward on Fojfils.
Mo'ory. adj. [from moor.] Marfhy; fenny; watry.
The dull: the fields and paftures covers,
As when thick milts arife from moory vales. Fairfax.
In Elfex, w(wy-land is thought the molt proper. Mortimer.
Moose, n.f. The large American deer; the biggell of the
fpecies of deer.
To Moot. v. a. [from motian, mot, gemot, meeting together,
Saxon, or.perhaps, as it is a law term, from mot, French.]
To plead a mock caufe ; to Hate a point of law by way of
exercife, as was commonly done in the inns of court at ap¬
pointed times.
Moot cafe or point. A point or cafe unfettled and difputable,
fuch as may properly afford a topick of deputation.
In this moot cafe your judgment to refufe,
Is prefent death. Drydcn's Juvenal.
Would you not think him crack’d, who would require
another to make an argument on a moot point, who underHands nothing of our laws ? Locke on Education.
Let us drop both our pretences ; for I believe it is a moot
point, whether I am more likely to make a mailer Bull, or
you a mafter Strut. Arbutbnot's HiJl. oj John Bull.
Mo'oted. adj. Plucked up by the root. Ainf.
Mo'oter. n.f. [from moot.] A difputer of moot points.
Mop. n.f. moppa, Welfh ; mappa, Latin.]
1. Pieces of cloth, or locks of wool, fixed to a long handle,
with which maids clean the floors.
Such is that fprinkling which fome carelefs quean
Flirts on you from her mop, but not fo clean.
You fly, invoke the gods; then turning, Hop
To rail; fhe finging ftill whirls on her mop. Siuift.
2. [Perhaps corrupted from mock.] A wiy mouth made in con¬
tempt.
Each one, tripping on his toe.
Will be here with mop and mow. Shakefp. Tempejl.
To Mop. v. a. [from the noun.] To rub with a mop.
To Mop. v. n. [from mock.] To make wry mouths in con¬
tempt.
Five fiends have been in poor Tom at once; of lull, as
Obidicut; Hobbididen, prince of dumbnefs ; Mahu, of Heal¬
ing ; Mohu, of murder; and P libbertigibbet, of mopping
and mowing, who fince poflefl’es chamber-maids. Shakefp.
An afs fell a mopping and braying at a lion. L EJlrange.
To MOPE. v. n. [Of this word ! cannot find a probable ety¬
mology.] To be ffupid j to drowfe ; to be in a conffant day¬
dream ; to be fpiritlefs, unadlive and inattentive; to be fiupid and delirious.
What a wretched and pcevilh fellow is this king of Eng¬
land, to mope with his fat-brain’d followers. Shakefpeare.
Eyes without feeling, feeling without fight,
Ears without hands or eyes, fuelling fans all,
Or but a lickly part of one true fenfe
Could not fo mope. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Ev’n in a dream, were we divided from them,
And were brought moping hither. Shakefp. Fempejl.
Inteffine Hone, and ulcer, cholick pangs,
Demoniack phrenfy, moping melancholy,
And moon-Hruck madnefs. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xi.
The bufy craftfman and o’erlabour’d hind.
Forget the travel of the day in fleep;
Care only wakes, and moping penfivenefs ;
With meagre difeontented looks they fit.
And watch the yvafiing of the midnight taper; Rowe.
To Mope. v. a. To make fpiritlefs; to deprive of natural
powers.
They fay there are charms in herbs, faid he, and fo threw
a handful of grafs; which was fo ridiculous, that the young
thief took the old man to be moped. L’Eftrange.
Severity breaks the mind; and then in the place of a dis¬
orderly young fellow, you have a low-fpirited moped crea¬
ture. Locke on Education.
Mo'pe-eyed. adj. Blind of one eye. Ain]".
Mo'ppet. \ mf. [perhaps from mop.] A puppet made of rags,
Mo'psey. j as a mop is made; a fondling name for a girl.
Our fovereign lady : made for a queen ?
With a globe in one hand, and a feeptre in t’other ?
A very pretty moppet / Dryden s Spanijh Fryar.
Mo'pus. n.f [A cant word from mope.] A drone; a dreamer.
I’m grown a mere mopus; no company comes
But a rabble of tenants. Swift's Mifcel.
MO'RAL. adj. [moral, Fr. moralis, Latin.]
1. Relating to the practice of men towards each other, as it
may be virtuous or criminal ; good or bad.
Keep at the leaff within the compafs of moral adlions,
which have in them vice or virtue. Hooker, b. ii.
Laws and ordinances pofitive he difiinguilheth from the laws
of the two tables, which were moral. Hooker, b. iii.
In moral adiions divine law helpeth exceedingly the law of
reafon to guide man’s life, but in fupernatural it alone guideth.
Hooker, b. i.
Now, brandilh’d weapons glitt’ring in their hands,
Mankind is broken loofe from moral bands;
No rights of hofpitality remain,
The guefl, by him who harbour’d him, is flain. Dryden.
2. Reafoning or inflrudting with regard to vice and virtue.
France fpreads his banners in our noifelefs land.
With plumed helm thy flay’r begins his threats,
WhilH thou, a moral fool, fit’H Hill and criefl. Shakefp.
2. Popular ; fuch as is known or admitted in the general buiinefs of life.
We have found it, with a moral certainty, the feat of the
Mofaical abyfs; Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Mathematical things are capable of the AridteH demonHration ; conclufions in natural philofophy are capable of
proof by an induction of experiments ; things of a moral na¬
ture by moral arguments, and matters of fadt by credible tefiimony. • TUlotfon's Sermons.
A moral univerfality, is when the predicate agrees to the
greateH part of the particulars which are contained under
the univerfal fubjedf. Watts's Logick.
Mo'ral. n.f.
1. Morality; pradlice or dodlrine of the duties of life : this is
rather a French than Englifh fenfe.
Their moral and ceconomy,
MoH perfectly they made agree. Prior.
2. The dodtrine inculcated by a fidlion; the accommodation cif
a fable to form the morals.
Get you fome diflill’d carduus benedidtus, and lay it to
your heart; it is the only thing for a qualm.
—Benedidtus ? why benedidtus ? you have fome moral ih
this benedidtus.
—Morall No, by my troth I have no moral meaning; I
meant plain holy thiHle. Shakefp. Much ado about nothing.
Left behind to expound the meaning or moral of his figns
and tokens. Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
The moral is the firH bufinefs of the poet, as being the
ground-work of his inflrudtion; this being formed, he con¬
trives fuch a delign or fable as may be moH fuitable to the
moral. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
I found a moral firH, and then Hudied for a fable, but
could do nothing that pleafed me. Swift to Gay.
To Mo'ral. v.n. [from the adjedtive.] Tomoralife; to make
moral refledtions.
When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time.
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer.
That fools fhould be fo deep contemplative. Shakefpeare.
6 Mo'Ralist,
M O N MON
Mo'ralist. k. f. [moralijh?, French.] One who teaches the
duties of life.
The advice given by a great moralijl to his friend was, that
he fhould compofe his pallions ; and let that be the work of
reafon, which would certainly be the work of time. Addifon<
Mora'lity. n.f [morality Fr. from moral.']
1. The doiStrine of the duties of life ; ethicks.
The fyftem of morality, to be gathered out of the writings
of ancient fages, falls very fhort of that delivered in the gofjpel. Swift’s Mifcel.
A neceffityof finning is as impoffible in morality, as any
the greateft difficulty can be in nature. Baker on Learning.
2. The form of an action which makes it the fubjedl of re¬
ward, or punifhment.
The morality of an action is founded in the freedom of that
principle, by virtue of which it is in the agent’s power,
having all things ready and requifite to the performance of an
action, either to perform or not perform it. South’s Sermons.
To Mo'ralize. v. a. [moralifer, French.]
1. To apply to moral purpofes; to explain in a moral fenfe.
He ’as left me here behind to expound the meaning or
moral of his figns and tokens.
—I pray thee moralize them. Shak. Taming of the Shrew.
Did he not moralize this fpecfacle ?
—O yes, into a thoufand fimilies. Shakefpeare.
This fable is moralized in a common proverb. L’Ejlrange.
2. In Spenfer it feems to mean, to furnifh with manners or ex¬
amples.
Fierce warres and faithful loves fhall jnoralize my fong.
Fairy fhteen, b. i.
3. In Prior, who imitates the foregoing line, it has a fenfe not
eafilv difeovered, if indeed it has any fenfe.
High as their trumpets tune his lyre he ftrung.
And with his prince’s arms he moraliz’d his fong. Prior.
To Mo'ralize. v.n. To fpeak or write on moral fubjedls.
MoralFzer. n. f. [from moralize.] He who moralizes.
Mo'rally. adv. [from moral.]
1. In the ethical fenfe.
By good, good morally fo called, bonum honeftum, ought
chiefly to be underftood ; and that the good of profit or pleafure, the bonum utile or jucundum, hardly come into any
account here. South’s Sermons.
Becaufe this, of the two brothers killing each other, is an
adtion morally unnatural; therefore, by way of preparation,
the tragedy would have begun with heaven and earth in dis¬
order, fomething phyfically unnatural. Rymer.
2. According to the rules of virtue.
To take awa,y rewards and punifhments, is only pleafing
to a man who refolves not to live morally. Dryden.
3. Popularly; according to the common occurrences of life ;
according to the common judgment made of things.
It is morally impoffible for an hypocrite to keep himfelf long
upon his guard. L’Ejlrange.
The concurring accounts of many fuch witneffes render it
morally, or, as we might fpeak, abfolutely impoffible that
thefe things fhould be falfe. Atterbury’s Sermons.
Mo'rals. n. f. [without a lingular.] The pradfice of the du¬
ties of life ; behaviour with refpect to others.
Some, as corrupt in their morals as vice could make them,
have yet been folicitous to have their children foberly, virtuoufly, and pioufly brought up. South’s Sermons.
Learn then what morals criticks ought to fhow :
’Tis not enough wit, art, and learning join ;
In all you fpeak, let truth and candor fhine. Pope.
Mora'ss. n.f [;marais, French.] Fen; bog; moor.
Landfchapes point out the faireft and molt fruitful lpots, as
well as the rocks, and wildernefles, and moraffes of the coun¬
try. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
Nor the deep morafs
Refufe, but through the fhaking wildernefs
Pick your nice way. Thomfcn’s Autumn, /. 480.
Mo'rbio. n.f [morbidus, Latin.] Difeafed ; in a ftate con¬
trary to health.
Though every human conftitution is morbid, yet are there
difeafes confiftent with the common functions of life. Arbuth.
Mo'rbidness. n.f. [from morbid.] State of being difeafed.
Morbi'fical. \n.f. [morbus and facio, Lat. morbfique, Fr.]
Morbi'fick. ) Caufing difeafes.
The air appearing fo malicious in this morbifick confpiracy,
exadts a more particular regard ; wherefore initiate confumptives muft change their air. Harvey on Confumptions.
This difeafe is cured by the critical refolution, concoction,
and evacuation of the morbifick matter. Arbuthnot.
Morbo'se. n.f [morbofus, Latin.] Proceeding from difeafe ;
not healthy.
Malphighi, under galls, comprehends all preternatural and
morbofe tumours and excrefcencies of plants, Ray on Creation.
Morbo'sity. n.f [from morbofus, Lat.] Difeafed ftate. A
word not in ufe.
T he inference is fair, from the organ to the adtion, that
they have eyes, therefore fome fight was defigned, if we ex¬
cept the cafual impediments ormorbofities in individuals. Brown.
4
Morda'cious. ctdj. mordax, Latin.] Biting; apt to bite.
Morda'city. n. f. [mordacitas, mordaate, hr. from mordax,
Latin.] Biting quality.
It is to be inquired, whether there be any menftruum to
difiolve any metal that is not fretting or corroding, and openeth the body by fympathy, and not by mordacity, or violent
penetration. Bacon’s Phyfical Remains.
Mo'rdicant. n.f [.mordeo, Lat. mordicant, fr.J Biting ; acrid.
He prefumes, that the mordicant quality of bodies muft
proceed from a fiery ingredient; whereas the light and in¬
flammable parts muft be driven away by that time the fire
has reduced the body to afhes. Boyle.
Mordica'tion’. n.f. [from mordicant.] The adf of corroding
or biting.
Another caufe is mordication of the orifices, efpecially of
the mefentery veins ; as any thing that is fharp and biting
doth provoke the part to expel, and muftard provoketh fneezBacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 37. ing.
MORE. adj. [majie, Saxon, the comparative offome or great.]
j. In greater number; in greater quantity; in greater degree.
Wrong not that wrong with more contempt. Shakefp.
Their riches were more than that they might dwell togeGen. xxxvi. 7.
they may laExod. v. 9.
Adis xxvi. 12.
ther.
Let more work be laid upon the men, that
bour.
2. Greater. Now out of ufe.
The more part advifed to depart.
More. adv.
1. To a greater degree.
He loved Rachel more than Leah. Gen. xxix. 30;
The fpirits of animate bodies are all, in fome degree,
more or lefs kindled. Bacon s Nat. Hijl. N°. 601.
Some were of opinion, that feeling more and more in him¬
felf the weight of time, he was not unwilling to beftow upon
another fome part of the pains. Wotton*
The more the kindled combat rifes higher.
The more with fury burns the blazing fire. Dryden’s /En.
As the blood paiTeth through narrower channels, the rednefs difappears more and more. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
The more God has blelled any man with eftate or quality,
juft fo much lefs in proportion is the care he takes in the edu¬
cation of his children. Swift’s Mifcel*
2. The particle that forms the comparative degree.
I am fall’n out with my more headier will,
To take the indifpos’d and fickly fit
For the found man. Shakefpeare’s King Lear*
May you long live a happy inftrument for your king and
country : happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon.
The advantages of learning are more lafting than thofe of
arms. Collier on Pride.
3. Again ; a fecond time.
Little did I think I fhould ever have bufinefs of this kind
on my hands more. Tatler, N°. 83.
4. Longer ; yet continuing ; with the negative particle.
Caffius is no more ! Oh, fetting fun !
As in thy red rays thou doft fink to-night.
So in his red blood Caffius’ day is fet. Shakefpeare.
More. n.f. [A kind of comparative fromfome or much.]
1. A greater quantity; a greater degree. Perhaps fome of thefe
examples which are adduced under the adverb, with the be¬
fore more, fhould be placed here.
Thefe kind of knaves in this plainnefs
Harbour more craft, and more corrupter ends
Than twenty filky ducking obfervants. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Were I king,
I fhould cut off the nobles for their lands;
And mv more having would be as a fauce
To make me hunger more. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
An heroick poem requires fome greaLa^ion of war; and
as much or more of the adlive virtuegfrfan the fuffering. Drvd.
The Lord do fo, and much niafie, to Jonathan. ° 1 Sam.
From hence the greateft p£rt of ills defeend,
When lull of getting more will have no end. Dryden.
They that would have more and more can never have
enough ; no, not if a miracle fhould interpofe to gratify their
avarice. L’E/lrange’s Fables.
A mariner having let down a large portion ot his founding
line, he reaches no bottom, whereby he knows the depth to
be fo many fathoms and more; but how much that
he hath no dilliifet notion.
2. Greater thing ; other thing.
They, who fo ftate a queflion,
the parts of it one from another,
due order.
3. Second time ; longer time.
4. It is doubtful whether the word, in fome cafes, be a
or adverb.
The dove returned not again unto him ar.y more. Gen. viii.
Pr’ythee be fatisfy’d ; he fhajl be aided.
Or I’ll no more be king. Dryden’s Clcomenes.
Delia, the queen of love, let all deplore !
Delia, the queen of beauty, is now no more. Waljh.
More l.
do no more but
and lay them fo
more is,
Locke.,
feparate
in their
Locke.
noun
MOR
More'l. n.f. [folanum, Latin.] .
i The morel is a plant, of which there arc feveral fpecies:
’ one fort has a black fruit, the root of which is a foot long,
waving, of a darkifh white colour and ftringy; its ftalk,
whichls full of pith, rifes to the height of a foot and an
half of a greenifh caft and angular form, divided into feve¬
ral branches, with alternate leaves, oblong, pointed, undu¬
lated, of a darkifh green and fhining colour : the flowers
proceed from the branches, a little below the leaves : they
grow from five to about eight in a bunch, of an inch and an
half: each flower is white, of a fingle leaf, cut in form of a
bafin, divided into five parts as far as the middle, being long,
pointed, and arranged like a flar : when the flower fheds
there fucceeds a fpherical fruit, pretty hard, at firft green like
an olive, then black, full of a limpid juice and a great num¬
ber of feeds. There is a fort of morel that has a red fruit;
and likewife another that has a yellow fruit. Trevoux.
Spungy morels in flrong ragoufts are found,
And in "the foup the flimy fnail is drown’d. Gay’s Trivia.
2. A kind of cherry.
Morel is a black cherry, fit for the confervatory before it
be thorough ripe, but it is bitter eaten raw. Mortimer.
Mo'reland. n.f. [mojilanb, Saxon; mop, a mountain, and
lan&.] A mountainous or hilly country : a trad of StafFordfhire is called the Morlands.
Moreo'ver. n.f. [more and over.] Beyond what has been
mentioned ; befides; likewife; alfo ; over and above.
Moreover, he hath left you all his walks. Shakefp.
He did hold me dear
Above this world ; adding thereto, ?noreover,
That he v/ould wed me, or elfe die my lover. Shakefp.
Moreover by them is thy fervant warned. Pfal.xix. 11.
MorgLa'y. n.f. A deadly weapon. Ainf Glaive and morte,
French, and g'a'y rriobr* Erfe, a two-handed broad-lword,
which fome centuries ago was the highlander’s weapon.
Mori'cerous. ad]. [;morigerus, Lat.] Obedient; obfequious.
Mo'RION. n.f [Fr.] A helmet; armour for the head ; a caique.
For all his majefty’s fhips a proportion of fwords, targets,
morions, and cuiras of proof ftiould be allowed. Raleigh.
Polifli’d fteel that caft the view afide.
And crefted morions with their plumy pride. Dryden.
Mori'sco. n.f. [;niorifco, Spanifh.] A dancer of the morris or
moorifh dance.
I have feen
Him caper upright like a wild morifco,
Shaking the bloody darts, as he his bells. Shak. Henry VI.
M< 'rkin. n.f. [Among hunters.] A wild beaft, dead through
ficknefs or milchance. Bailey.
Mo'rlinc. 1 n.f [mort, French.] Wool plucked from a
Mo'rtling. i dead fheep. Ainf.
MG'RMO. n.f [ji juopjiAw.] Bugbear; falfe terrour.
MORN. n.f. [mapne, Saxon.] The firft part of the day; the
morning. Morn is not ufed but by the poets.
The cock, that is the trumpet to the morn.
Doth with his lofty and fhrill-founding throat,
Awake the god of day. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet.
I was of late as petty to his ends.
As is the morn dew on the myrtle leaf
To his grand fea. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Can you forget your golden beds.
Where you might fleep beyond the morn. Lee.
Friendfhip fhall flill thy evening feafts adorn.
And blooming peace fhall ever blefs thy morn. Prior.
Mo'rning. n.f. [morgen, Teutonick; but our morning leems
rather to come from morn.] The firft part of the day, from
the firft appearance of light to the end of the firft fourth part
of the fun’s daily courfe.
One mafter Brook hath fent your worfhip a mornings
draught of fack. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofJVindfor.
By the fecond hour in the morning
Defire the earl tc fee me. Shakefp. Richard III.
\She looks as clear
As morning rofes newly wafh’d with dew. Shakefpeare.
Your goodnefs is as a morning cloud, and as the early dew
it goeth away. Hof. vi. 5.
Let us go down after the Philiftines by night, and fpoil
them until the morning light. I Sam. xiv. 36.
Morning by morning fhall it pafs over. Ifa. xxviii. 19.
What fhall become of us before night, who are weary fo
early in the morning ? Taylor’s Guide to Devotion.
The morning is the proper part of the day for ftudy. Dryd.
The twining jeflamine and blufhing rofe.
With lavifh grace their morning fcents difclofe. Prior.
All the night they ftem the liquid way.
And end their voyage with the morning ray. Pope’s Odyffey.
Mo'rning-gown. n.f. A loofe gown worn before one is
formally drefled.
Seeing a great many in rich morning-gowns, he was amazed
to find that perfons of quality were up fo early. Addifon.
Morning-star. n.f. The planet Venus when fhe fhines
in the morning.
MOR
Bright as doth the morning-Jlar appear
Out of the Eaft, with flaming locks bedight.
To tell the dawning day is drawing near. Fairy
MORO'SE. adj. [morofus, Latin.] Sour of temper; peevifh;
fullen.
Without thefe precautions, the man degenerates into a cynick, the woman into a coquette; the man grows fullen and
moroje, the woman impertinent. Addifon's Spectator.
Some have deferved cenfure for a morofe and affefted ta¬
citurnity, and others have made fpeech js, thougii they had
nothing to fay. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Moro'sely. adv. [from morofe.] Sourly ; peevifhly.
Too many are as morofely pofitive in their age, as they
were childilhly fo in their youth. Gov. of the Tongue.
Moro'seness. n.f [from morofe.] Sournefs; peevifhnefs.
Learn good humour, never to oppofe without juft reafon ;
abate fome degrees of pride and morofenefs. Watt
M> ro'sity. n.f [morojitas, Lat. from morofe.] Morofenefs
fournefs; peevifhnefs
Why then be fad.
But entertain no morofity, brothers, other
Than a joint burthen laid upon us, Shakefpeare.
Some morofities
We muft expe£l; fince jealoufy belongs
To age, of fcorn, and tender fenfe of wrongs. Denham.
The pride of this man, and the popularity of that; the
levity of one, and the morofity of another. Clarendon.
Mo'rRIS. 7 r r.u . • n T J T
Mo'rris-dance, s [‘hat “ or
1. A dance in which bells are gingled, or ftaves or fwords clafhed, which was learned by the Moors, and was probably a
kind of Pyrrhick or military dance.
The queen flood in fome doubt of a Spanifh invafion,
though it proved but a morris-dance upon our waves. Wotton.
One in his catalogue of a feigned library, fets down this
title of a book. The morris-dance of hereticks. Bacon.
The founds and feas, with all their finny drove.
Now to the moon in wavering morrice move. Milton.
I took delight in pieces that fhewed a country village, morrice-dancing, and peafants together by the ears. Peachcm.
Four reapers danced a morrice to oaten pipes. Spectator.
2. Nine mens Morris. A kind of play with nine holes in the
ground.
The folds ftand evmpty in the drowned field.
And crows are fatted with the murrain flock ;
The nine mens mor'ris is filled up with mud. Shakefpeare.
Mo'rris-dancer. n.f [morris and dance.] One who dances
a la morefco, the moorifh dance.
There went about the country a fet of morrice-dancers,
compofed of ten men, who danced a maid marian and a ta¬
bor and pipe. Temple.
Mo'rphew. n.f. [morphee, French; morphcea, low Latin;
onorfea, Italian.] A feurf on the face.
Mo'rrow. n.f. [mopgen, Saxon ; morghen, Dutch. The ori¬
ginal meaning of morrow leems to have been morning, which
being often referred to on the preceding day, was underftood
in time to fignify the whole day next following.]
1. The day after the prefent day.
I would not buy
Their mercy at the price of one fair word;
To have’t with faying, good morrow. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Thou
Canft pluck night from me, but not lend a morrow. Shak.
The Lord did that thing on the morrow. Exod. ix. 6*
Peace, good reader, do not weep,
Peace, the lovers are afleep ;
They, fweet turtles, folded lie.
In the lalt knot that love could tie :
Let them fleep, let them fleep on,
Till this ftormy night be gone,
And the eternal morrow dawn.
Then the curtains will be drawn.
And they waken with the light,
Whofe day fhall never fleep in night. Crajhaw.
Beyond the Indies does this morrow lie. Cowley.
2. To Mo'rrow. [This is an idiom of the fame kind, fuppofing morrow to mean originally morning: as, to night; to
clay.] On the day after this current day.
To morrow comes ; ’tis noon ; ’tis night;
This day like all the former flies ;
Yet on he runs to feek delight
To morrow, till to night he dies. Prior.
3. To morrow is fometimes, I think improperly, ufed as a noun.
We by to morrow draw out all our ftore,
Till the exhaufted well can yield no more. Cowley.
To morrow is the time when all is to be rectified. Spefiat.
Morse, n.f. A fea-horfe.
That which is commonly called a fea-horfe is properly
called a morfe, and makes not out that fltape. Brown.
It feems to have been a tulk of the morfe or waltron, called
by fome the fea-horfe. ' Woodward on Foffils.
16 T Mo'rsej..
M O R MOR
Mo RsteL. n.f. [tiiorfellus, low Latin, frorti morfasj
1. A piece fit for the mouth ; a mouthful.
Yet cam’ll thou to a morfel of this feaft,
Having fully din’d before. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
I was
A morfel for a monarch. Sbakefp. Ant. and. Cleopatra.
And me his parent would full foon devour
For want of other prey, but knows that I
Should prove a bitter morfel, and his bane. Milton.
Every morfel to a fatisfied hunger, is only a new labour to
a tired digeftion. South's Sermons.
He boils the flelh,
And lays the mangled morfels in a dilh. Dryden.
A wretch is pris’mer made,
Whofe flefh torn off by lumps, the rav’nous foe
In morfels cut, to make it farther go. Tate's Juvenal.
A letter to the keeper of the lion requefted that it may be
the firft ?norfel put into his mouth; Addfon.
2. A piece ; a meal.
On thefe herbs, and fruits and flow’rs,
Feed firft; on each beaft next, and filh and fowl,
No homely morfels ! Milton's Par. Lojl, h. x.
A dog crofting a river with a morfel of flefh in his mouth,
faw, as he thought, another dog under the water, upon the
very fame adventure. L'EJlrange's Fables.
3. A fmall quantity. Not proper.
Of the morfels of native and pure gold, he had feen fome
weighed many pounds. Boyle.
Mo'rsure. n. f. [morfure, Fr. morfura, Latin.] The aft of
biting.
MORT. n.f. [morte, French.]
1. A tune founded at the death of the game.
To be making pradlis’d fmiles.
As in a looking-glafs, and to figh as ’twere
The mart o' th’ deer; oh that is entertainment
My bofom likes not. Sbakefp. Winter's Tale.
2. [Morgt, Iflandick.j A great quantity. Not in elegant ufe.
Mo'RTAL. adj. [martalii, Lat. mortel, Fr.]
1. Subject to death ; doomed fometime to die.
Nature does require
Her times of prefervation, which, perforce,
I her frail fon amongft my breth’ren mortal
Muft give my attendance to. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
This corruptible muft put on incorruption, and this mortal
muft put on immortality. I Cor. xv. 53.
Heav’nly powers, where fliall we find fuch love !
Which of ye will be mortal to redeem
Man’s mortal crime; and juft, th’ unjuft to fave. Milton.
Know,
The day thou eat’ft thereof, my foie command
Tranfgreft, inevitably thou fhalt die ;
From that day mortal: and this happy ftate
Shalt lofe. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. viii.
2. Deadly ; deftrudlive ; procuring death.
Come all you fpirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unfex me here.
And fill me from the crown to th’ toe, top full
Of cruelty. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
The mortalejl poifons pradlifed by the Weft Indians, have
fome mixture of the blood, fat, or flefh of man. Bacon.
The fruit
Of that forbidden tree, whofe mortal tafte
Brought death into the world, and all our woe. Milton.
Some circumftances have been great difcouragers of trade,
and others are abfolutely mortal to it. Temple,
Hope not, bafe man ! unqueftion’d hence to go,
For I am Palamon, thy mortal foe. Dryden.
3. Bringing death.
Safe in the hand of one difpofing pow’r.
Or in the natal, or the jnortal hour. Pope's EJfay on Man.
4. Human ; belonging to man.
They met me in the day of fuccefs ; and I have learned
by the perfected report, they have more in them than mortal
knowledge. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
Macbeth
Shall live the leafe of nature, pay his breath
To time and mortal cuftom. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
The voice of God
To mortal ear is dreadful; They befeech.
That Mofes might report to them his will,
And terror ceafe. Alilton's Par. Lojl, b. xii.
Succefs, the mark no mortal wit.
Or fureft hand can always hit. Butler.
No one enjoyment but is liable to be loft by ten thoufand
accidents, out of all mortal power to prevent. South's Serm.
5. Extreme ; violent. A low word.
The birds were in a mortal apprehenfion of the beetles, till
the fparrow reafoned them into underftanding. L'EJlrange.
1 he nymph grew pale and in a mortal fright,
Spent with the labour of fo long a flight;
And now defpairing, call a mournfullook
Upon the ftreams, Dryden,
Mo'rtal. n.f.
1. Man ; human being.
Warn poor mortals left behind. Tickel,
2. This is often ufed in ludicrous language.
I can behold no mortal now ;
For what’s an eye without a brow ? Prior.
Mortality, n. f. [from mortal.]
1. ’Subjection to death ; ftate of a being fubjeCt to death.
I point out miftakes in life and religion, that we might
guard againft the fprings of error, guilt, and forrow, which
liirround us in every ftate of mortality. Watts's Logick.
2. Death.
I beg mortality,
Rather than life preferv’d with infamy. Sbakefpeare.
Gladly would I meet
Mortality my fentence. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x:
3. Power of deftruCtion.
Mortality and mercy in Vienna
Live in thy tongue and heart. Sbakefp. Meaf for Meafure.
4. Frequency of death.
The rife of keeping thofe accounts firft began in the year
1592, being a time of great mortality. Graunt.
5. Human nature.
A Angle vifion fo tranfports them, that it makes up the
happinefs of their lives; mortality cannot bear it often. Dryd.
Take thefe tears, mortality s relief,
And till we fhare your joys, forgive our grief. Pope.
Mo'rtally. adv. [from mortal.]
1. Irrecoverably; to death.
In the battle of Landen you were not only dangeroufly,
but, in all appearance, mortally wounded. Dryden.
2. Extremely ; to extremity.
Adrian mortally envied poets, painters, and artificers, in
works wherein he had a vein to excel. Bacon's EJfays.
Know all, who wou’d pretend to my good grace,
I mortally diflike a damning face. Granville.
Mo'rtar. n.f. [,mortarium, Lat. mortier, Fr.]
1. A ftrong veflel in which materials are broken by being pound¬
ed with a peftle.
Except you could bjfay Chriftendom in a mortar, and mould
it into a new pafte* there is no poflibility of an holy war.
Bacon's holy War.
The aCtion of the diaphragm and mufcles ferves for the
comminution of the meat in the ftomach by their conftant
agitation upwards and downwards, refembling the pounding
of materials in a mortar. Ray on Creation.
2. A Ihort wide cannon out of which bombs are thrown.
Thofe arms which for nine centuries had brav’d
The wrath of time on antique ftone engrav’d.
Now torn by mortars ftand yet undefac’d
On nobler trophies by thy valour rais’d. Granville.
Mo'rtar. n.f. [morter, Dutch; mortier, French.] Cement
made of lime and fand with water* and ufed to join ftones
or bricks.
Mortar, in architecture, is a preparation of lime and fand
mixed up with water, ferving as a cement, and ufed by mafons and bricklayers in building of walls of ftone and brick.
Wolfius obferves, that the fand fhould be dry and Iharp, fo
as to prick the hands when rubbed, yet not earthy, fo as to
foul the water it is wafhed in: he alfo finds fault with mafons and bricklayers as committing a great error, in lettincr
their lime flacken and cool before they make up their mortar
and alfo in letting their mortar cool and die before they ufe
it; therefore he advifes, that if you expeCt your work to be
well done, and to continue long, to work up the lime quick,
and but a little at a time, that the mortar may not lie Ion?
before it be ufed. a
I will tread this unbolted villain into mortar, and daub the
wall of a jakes with him. Sbakefp. Kino Lear.
They had brick for ftone, and flime for mortar. Gen. xi. 3.
Lime hot out of the kiln mixed foft with water, putting
fand to it, will make better mortar than other. Mortimer.
Mortgage, n.f. \mOrt and gage, French.]
1. A dead pledge; a thing put into the hands of a creditor.
Th eftate runs out, and mortgages are made, *
Their fortune ruin’d, and their fame betray’d. ’ Dryden.
The Romans do not feem to have known the fecret of pa¬
per credit, and iecunties upon mortgages. Arbuthnot.
The broker,
Bent on fome mortgage, to avoid reproach,
e leeks bye-ftreets, and faves th’ expenfive coach. Gay:
2. 1 he ftate of being pledged.
The land is given in mortgage only, with full intention to
be ledeemed within one year. Bacon's Office ofAlienation.
To Mo RTGACE. v. a. [from the noun.] To pledge ; to put
to pledge; to make over to a creditor as a fecurity.
Let men contrive how they difentangle their mortgaged
fouls. Decay of Piety.
They make the widows mortgag'd ox their prey. Sandys.
Their not abating of their expenfive way of living, has
forced them to mortgage their belt manors. Arb'uthnot.
Mortgage's:.
8
MOR MOS
Mortgage'e. n.f. [from mortgage.] He that takes or receives
a mortgage.
An aft may pafs for publick rcgiftries of land, by which
all purchafers or mortgagees may be fecured of all monies they
lay out. Temple's MiJ'cel.
Mortgager, n.f. [from mortgage.'] He that gives a mort¬
gageMorti'ferous. adj. [mortifer, Latin.] Fatal j deadly; dcftru&ive.
What is it but a continued perpetuated voice from heaven,
to give men no reft in their fins, no quiet from Chrift’s im¬
portunity, till they awake from the lethargick deep, and arife
from fo dead, fo mortiferous a ftate, and permit him to give
them life. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Thefe murmurings, like a mortiferous herb, are poifonous
even in their firft fpring. Government of the Tongue, f 10.
Mortification, n.f. [mortification, Fr. from mortify.]
1. The ftate of corrupting, or lofing the vital qualities ; gan¬
grene.
It appeareth in the gangrene, or mortification of flelh, either
by opiates, or intenfe colds. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 333.
My griefs ferment and rage,
Nor lefs than wounds immedicable.
Rankle and fefter, and gangrene,
To black mortification. / Milton's Agonift. 1. 617.
2. Dcftrudtion of adtive qualities.
Inquire what gives impediment to union or reftitution,
which is called mortification; as when quickftlver is mortified
with turpentine. Bacon's Phyfical Remains.
3. The a£t of fubduing the body by hardftiips and macerations.
A diet of fome fifh is more rich and alkalefcent than that
of flefh, and therefore very improper for fuch as praeftife mor¬
tification. Arhuthnot on Aliments.
4. Humiliation ; fubje£Hon of the paftions.
The mortification of our lufts has fomething in it that is
' troublefome, yet nothing that is unreafonable. Tillotfon.
5. Vexation; trouble.
It is one of the moft vexatious mortifications of a ftudious
' man, to have his thoughts difordered by a tedious viiit.
L'Eflrange.
We had the mortification to lofe the fight of Munich, Augf-
' burg, and Ratifbon. Addifon on Italy.
To Mo rtify. v. a. [mortifier, French.]
1. To deftroy vital qualities.
2. To deftroy active powers, or effential qualities.
What gives impediment to union or reftitution is called
mortification, as when quickftlver is mortified with turpentine
or fpittle. Bacon.
He mortified pearls in vinegar, and drunk them up. Hakew.
Oil of tartar per deliquium has a gseat faculty to find out
and mortify acid fpirits. Boyle.
3. To fubdue inordinate paftions.
The breath no fooner left his father’s body.
But that his wildnefs mortified in him,
Seem’d to die too. Shakefp. Henyy V.
Their dear caufes
Would to the bleeding and the grim alarm
Excite the mortified man. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Supprefs thy knowing pride.
Mortify thy learned luft.
Vain are thy thoughts, while thou t'hyfelf art duft. Prior.
He modeftlv conjectures,
His pupil might be tir’d with leClures,
Which help’d to mortify his pride. Swift.
4. To macerate or harrafs the body to compliance with the
mind.
We mortify ourfelves with filh, and think we fare coarfely
if we abftain from flefh. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Mortify d he was to that degree,
A poorer than himfelf he would not fee. Drydcn.
5. To humble ; to deprefs ; to vex.
Let my liver rather heat with wine,
Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Shakefpeare.
He is controuled by a nod, mortified by a frown, and tranfported by a fmile. Addifon's Guard. N . 113.
How often is the ambitious man mortified with the very
praifes he receives, if they do not rife fo high as he thinks
they ought. Addfon's Spell. NS. 256.
To Mc/rtify. v. n.
1. To gangrene; to corrupt.
Try it with capon laid abroad, to fee whether it will mor¬
tify and become tender fooner; or with dead flies with water
caft upon them, to fee whether it will putrefy. Bacon.
2. To be fubdued ; to die away.
Mo'rtise. n.f. [mortaife, mortoife, Fr.] A hole cut into
wood that another piece may be put into it and form a
joint.
A fuller blaft ne’er fhook our battlements;
If it hath ruffian’d fo upon the fea,
What ribs of oak, when mountains melt on them,
Can hold the mortife. Shakefp. Othello.
Under one fkin are parts varioufly mingled, fome with ca¬
vities, as mortejfes to receive, others with tenons to fit cavi¬
ties. Ray.
To Mo'rtise. v. a.
1. To cut with a mortife; to join with a mortife.
’Tis a mafly wheel,
To whofe huge fpoke ten thoufand leffer things
Are mortis'd and adjoin’d. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
The walls of fpiders legs are made,
Well mortifed and finely laid. Drayton's Nymphid.
2. It feems in the following paffage improperly u(ed.
The one half of the ihip being finifhed, and by help of a
ferew launched into the water, the other half was joined by
great brafs nails mortifed with lead. Arbuthnot on Cnns.
Mo'rtmain. n.f. [mortc and main, Fr.J Such a ftate of poffeflion as makes it unalienable; whence it is faid to be in a
dead hand, in a hand that cannot fhift away the property.
It were meet that fome fmall portion of lands were allot¬
ted, fince no more mortmains are to be looked for. Spenfer.
Mo'rtpay. n.f. [mort and pay.] Dead pay; payment not
made.
This parliament was merely a parliament of war, with
fome ftatutes conducing thereunto ; as the levere punifhing of
mortpayes, and keeping back of foldiers wages. Bacon.
Mo'rtress. n. f. [from mortier cle fageffe. Skinner.] A difh
of meat of various kinds beaten together.
A mortrefs made with the brawn of capons, ftamped,
ftrained, and mingled with like quantity of almond butter,
is excellent to nourifh the weak. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Mo'rtuary. n.f. [;mortuaire, Fr. mortuarium, Latin.] A
gift left by a man at his death to his parifh church, for the
recompence of his perfonal tythes and offerings not duly paid
in his life-time. Harris.
Mosa'ick. adj. [mofaique, French, fuppofed corrupted from
mufceus, Latin.]
Mofaick is a kind of painting in fmall pebbles, cockles,
and fhells of fundry colours ; and of late days likewife with
pieces of glafs figured at pleafure; an ornament in truth, of
much beauty, and long life, but of moft ufe in pavements and
floorings. JVotton’s Architecture.
Each beauteous flow’r,
Iris all hues, rofes, and jeflamin,
Rear’d high their flourifh’d heads between, and wrought
Mofaick. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. iv.
The moft remarkable remnant of it is a very beautiful mo¬
faick pavement, the fineft I have ever feen in marble; the
parts are fo well joined together, that the whole piece looks
like a continued prdfure. Addifon on Italy.
Mo'schatel. n.f. [mofchatellina, Lat.] A plant.
The mofchatel hath a flower corififting of one leaf, which
is divided at the brim into many parts, from whofe cup arifes
the pointal, fixed like a nail in the middle of the flower,
which becomes a foft fucculent berry, in which are contain¬
ed many flat feeds. Miller.
Mosque, n.f. [mofquee, French; mofehit, Turkifh.] A Ma¬
hometan temple.
MOSS. n.f. [mufeus, Lat. meop, Saxon.] A plant.
Though mofs was formerly fuppofed to be only an excrefcence produced from the earth and trees, yet it is no lefs a
perfedft plant than thofe of greater magnitude, having roots,
flowers, and feeds, yet cannot be propagated from feeds by
any art: the botanifts diftinguifh it into many lpecies: it
chiefly flourifhes in cold countries, and in the winter feafon,
and is many times very injurious to fruit trees : the only re¬
medy in fuch cafes, is to cut down part of the trees, and
plough up the ground between thofe left remaining ; and in
the Spring, in riioift weather, you fhould with an iron inftrument ferape off the mofs. Miller.
Mofs is a kind of mould of the earth and trees; but it
may be better forted as a rudiment of germination. Bacon.
Houfes then were caves, or homely ftieds,
With twining oziers fenc’d, and mofs their beds. Dryden.
Such ?noffes as grow upon walls, roofs of houfes, And other
high places, have feeds that, when fhaken out of their veffels, appear like vapour or fmoke. Ray on Creation.
The cleft tree
Offers its kind concealment to a few.
Their food its infers, and its mofs their nefts. Thomfon.
To Mo ss. v. a. [from the noun.] To cover with mofs.
An oak whofe boughs were mofs'd with age.
And high top bald \tfith dry antiquity. Shakefpeare.
Will thefe mofs'd trees.
That have out-liv’d the eagle page thy heels,
And fkip when thou point’ll: out. Shakefpeare.
Mo'ssiness. n.f. [from mofiy.] The ftate of being covered or
overgrown with mofs.
The herbs withered at the top, fheweth the earth to be
very cold, and fo doth the mojfinefs of trees. Bacon.
Mo'ssy. adj. [from mofs.] Overgrown with mofs; covered
with mofs.
Old
M O T MOT
Old trees are more moffy far than young ; for that the fap
is not fo trank as to rife all to the boughs, but tireth by the
way, and putteth out mofs. Bacon's Nat. Hi/I.
The mojjy fountains and the Sylvan (hades
Delight no more. Pope's MeJJiah.
MOST. adj. the fuperlative of more, [maept, Saxon ; meejl,
Dutch.] Confiding of the greated number; confiding of the
greated quantity.
Garden fruits which have any acrimony in them, and moJI
forts of berries, will produce diarrhoeas. Arbuthnot.
Fie thinks moJI forts of learning flouridied among them,
and I, that only fome fort of learning was kept alive by
them. Pope.
Most. adv. [maifs, Gothick; maept, Saxon ; meejly Dutch ;
mejl, Danifli.]
1. The particle noting the fuperlative degree.
Competency of all other proportions is the moJI incentive
to indudry; too little makes men defperate, and too much
tarelefs. Decay of Piety.
The faculties of the fupreme fpirit moJI certainly may be
enlarged without bounds. Cheyne's Phil. Principles.
2. In the greated degree.
Coward dogs
MoJI fpend their mouths, when what they feem to threaten
Runs far before them. Sha/cefpeare.
Fie for whofc only fake,
Or moJI for his, fuch toils I undertake. Drydens JEn.
Whild comprehended under that confcioufnefs, the little
finger is as much a part of itfelf as what is onojl fo. Locke.
That which will rnoji influence their carriage will be the
company they converle with, and the fafhion of thofe about
them. Locke on Education.
Most, [this is a kind of fubdantive, being, according to its fignification, Angular or plural.]
1. The greated number : in this fenfe it is plural.
Many of the apoflles immediate difciples lent or carried
the books of the four evangelids to moJI of the churches they
had planted. Addifon on the Chrijlian Religion.
Gravitation not being efiential to matter, ought not to be
reckoned among thofe laws which arife from the difpofition of
bodies, fuch as moJI of the laws of motion are. Cheyne.
2. The greated value : in this fenfe Angular.
The report of this repulfe flying to London, the moJI was
made of that which was true, and many falfities added. Hayw.
A covetous man makes the rnojt of what he has, and of
what he can get, without regard to Providence or Nature.
L'EJlrange’s Fables.
3. The greated degree ; the greated quantity.
A Spaniard will live in Irilh ground a quarter of a year,
or fome months at the moJI. Bacon.
Mo'stick. n. f. A painter’s dafF on which he leans his hand
when he paints. Ainf.
Mo'stly. adv. [from moJI.] For the greated part.
This image of God, namely, natural reafon, if totally or
' mofly defaced, the right of government doth ceafe. Bacon.
Mo'stwhat. n.f [moJI and what.] For the mod part. Obfolete.
God’s promifes being the ground of hope, and thofe promiles being but feldom abfolute, mojiwhat conditionate, the
Chridian grace of hope mud be proportioned and attemperate to the promile; if it exceed that temper and proportion,
it becomes a tympany of hope. Hamonond.
M-ta'tion. n.f. Aid of moving. Difi.
Mote. n.f. [mot, Saxon ; atomus, Lat.] A fmall particle of
matter ; any thing proverbially little.
You found his mote, the king your mote did fee;
But I a beam do And in each of three. Shakefpeare.
The little motes in the fun do tfver dir, though there be no
wind. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 879.
Mote for might. Obfolete.
Mod ugly (hapes.
Such as dame Nature felf mote fear to fee.
Or (hame, that ever (hould fo foul defeats
From her mod cunning hand efcaped be. Fairy Queen.
Moth, n.f [molS, Saxon.] A fmall winged infed that eats
cloths and hangings.
All the yarn Penelope fpun in Ulyfles’s abfence, did but
All Ithaca full of moths. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Every foldier in the wars (hould do as every Ack man in
his bed, wa(h every moth out of his confidence. Shakefp.
He as a rotten thing confunreth, as a garment that is moth
eaten. Job xiii. 28.
Let moths through pages eat their way.
Your wars, your loves, your praifes be forgot,
And make of all an univerfal blot. Dryden's Juv.
MO'THER. n.f [nufSop, Saxon ; moder, Danifh ; moeder,
Dutch.]
I. A woman that has born a child; correlative to fon or
daughter.
Let thy mother rather feel thy pride, than fear
Thy dangerous doutnefs. Shakefpcan’s Coriolanus.
Come At down every mother's fon.
And rehearfe your parts. Shakefpeare.
I had not fo much of man in me,
But all my mother came into mine eyes.
And gave me up to tears. Shakefp. Henry V.
2. That which has produced any thing.
Alas, poor country ! It cannot
Be call’d our mother, but our grave. Shakefpeare.
The refemblance of the conditution and diet of the inha¬
bitants to thofe of their mother country, occaflon a great af¬
finity in the popular difeafes. Arbuthnot on Air.
The dronged branch leave for a dandard, cutting off the
red clofe to the body of the mother plant. Mortimer's Hujb.
3. That which has preceded in time: as, a mother church to
chapels.
4. That which requires reverence and obedience.
The good of mother church, as well as that of civil fociety, renders a judicial practice neceflary. Aylijfe’s Parergon.
5. Hyderical paflion; fo called, as being imagined peculiar to
women.
This dopping of the domach might be the mother; forafmuch as many were troubled with mother fits, although few
returned to have died of them. Graunt s Bills.
6. A familiar term of addrefs to an old woman; or to a wo¬
man dedicated to religious auderities.
7. Mother in law. A hufband’s or wife’s mother. Ainf.
I am come to fet at variance the daughter in law againft
the mother in law. Matth. x. 35.
8. [Moeder, Dutch, from modder, mud.] A thick fubdance
concreting in liquors ; the lees or feum concreted.
If the body be liquid, and not apt to putrefy totally, it
will cad up a jnother, as the mothers of diddled waters. Bacon.
Potted fowl, and Afh come in fo fad.
That ere the fird is out the fecond dinks.
And mouldy mother gathers on the brinks. Dryden.
9. [More properly tnodder; modde, Dutch.] A young girl.
Now totally obfolete.
A fling for a mother, a bow for a boy,
A whip for a carter. Puffer's Hufbandry.
Mo'ther. adj. Had at the birth ; native.
For whatfoever mother wit or art
Could work, he put in proof. Hubberd's Pale.
Where did you dudy all this goodly fpeech ?
•—It is extempore, from my mother wit. Shakefpeare.
Boccace, living in the fame age with Chaucer, had the
fame genius, and followed the dime dudies : both writ no¬
vels, and each of them cultivated his mother tongue. Dryden;
Cecilia came,
Inventrefs of the vocal frame.
Enlarg’d the former narrow bounds,
And added length to folemn founds,
With nature’s mother wit, and arts unknown before. Dryd.
To Mo'ther. v. n. To gather concretion.
They oint their naked limbs with mother'd oil. Dryden.
Mo'ther ofpearl. A kind of coarfe pearl; the fhell in which
pearls are generated.
His mortal blade
In ivory (heath, ycarv’d with curious flights,
Whofe hilt was burnifii’d gold, and handle drong
Of mother-pearl. Fairy Qu. b. i.
They were made of onyx, fometimes of mother of pearl.
Hakewill on Providence.
Mo'therhood. n.f. [from jnother.] The office or character
of a mother.
Thou (halt fee the blefled mother-maid
Exalted more for being good,
Than for her intered of motherhood. Donne.
Mo'therless. adj. [from jnother.] Deditute of a mother ;
orphan of a mother.
I might (hew you my children, whom the rigour of your
judice would make complete orphans, being already motherlefs. Trailer’s Speech to the Houfe of Commons.
My concern for the three poor motherlefs children obliges
me to give you this advice. Arbuthnot's Hi/I. of J. Bull.
Mo'therly. adj. [from mother and like.] Belonging to a mo¬
ther ; fuitable to a mother.
They can owe no lefs than child-like obedience to her that
hath more than motherly power. Hooker, b. v.
They termed her the great mother, for her motherly care
in cherifliing her brethren whild young. Raleigh.
Within her bread though calm, her bread though pure.
Motherly cares and (ears got head, and rais’d
Some troubled thoughts. Miltons Par. Reg. b. ii.
When I fee the motherly airs of my little daughters when
playing with their puppets, I cannot ’ but flatter myfelf that
their hulbands and children will be happy in the podeffion of
fuCh wives and mothers. Addijon's Spefl. N°. 500.
Though die was a truly good woman, and had a fincere
motherly love for her fon John, yet there wanted not thofe who
endeavoured to create a mifunderdanding between them. Arb.
Mo'therly.
MOT M O V
Mo'therly. adv. [from mother.] In manner of\ mother.
Th’ air doth not motherly fit on the earth,
To hatch her feafons, and give all things birth Donne.
Mother of thyme. n.J. [ferpyllum, Latin.] It hath trailing
branches, which are not fo woody and hard as thofe of thyme,
but in every other refpeft is the fame. Miller.
Mo'THERWCRT. n.f. [cardiaca, Latin.] A plant.
The flower of the motherwort confifts of one leaf, and i$
of the lip kind, whole upper lip is imbricated and much lon¬
ger than the under one, which is cut into three parts ; from
the flower-cup arifes the pointal, fixed like a nail in the hin¬
der part of the flower, attended by four embrios which be¬
come angular feeds, occupying the flower-cup. Aliller.
Mo'THERY. adj. [from mother.] Concreted ; full of concre¬
tions ; dreggy; feculent: ufed of liquors.
Mothmu'llein. n. f. [blattaria, Latin.] A plant.
The leaves of the mothmullcin are placed alternately upon
the branches ; the cup of the flower confifts of one leaf,
which is divided into five fegments ; the flower confifts of one
leaf, which lpreads open, and is divided alfo into five feg¬
ments: they are produced in long fpikes, and are fuccceded
by round veflds, which are divided into cells, and contain
many fmall feeds in each. Miller.
Mo'thwort. n.f. [moth and wort.] An herb.
Mo'thy. adj. [from moth.] Full of moths.
His horie hipp’d with an old mothy faddle, the ftirrups of
no kindred. Shakefpeare's Taming of the Shrew.
MO'TION. n.f [motion, French; motio, Latin.]
1. The act of changing place.
2. Manner of moving the body ; port; gait.
Virtue too, as well as vice, is clad
In flefh and blood fo well, that Plato had
Beheld, what his high fancy once embrac’d,
Virtue with colours, fpeech and motion grac’d. 7Puller.
3. Change of pofture ; aefion.
Encourag’d thus fhe brought her younglings nigh.
Watching the motions of her patron’s eye. Drydcn.
4. Tendency of the mind ; thought.
Let a good man obey every good motion rifing in his heart,
knowing that every fuch motion proceeds from God. South.
5. Propolal made.
He compalled a motion of the prodigal fon, and married a
tinker’s wife within a mile where my land lies. Shakefp.
What would you with me ?
—Your father and my uncle have made motions', if it be
my luck, fo ; if not, happy man be his dole. Shakejpeare.
If our queen and this young prince agree.
I’ll join my younger daughter, and my joy,
To him forthwith, in holy wedlock bands.
—Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. Shakefp.
L Impulfe communicated.
Whether that motion, vitality and operation, were by incu¬
bation, or how elfe, the manner is only known to God. Ral.
Carnality within raifes all the combuftion without: this is
the great wheel to which the clock otves it motion. Dec. ofPi.
Love awakes the fieepy vigour of the foul,
And brulhing o’er adds motion to the pool. Dryden.
To Mo tion, v.a. [from the noun.] To propofe.
Mo'tionless. adj. [from motion.] Wanting motion; being
without motion.
We cannot free the lady that fits here.
In ftony fetters fixt, and 'motionlefs. Milton.
•Ha ! Do I dream ? Is this my hop’d fuccefs ?
I grow a ftatue, ftift and motionlefs. Dryden's Aurengzcbe.
Should our globe have had a greater fhare
Of this ftrong force, by which the parts cohere ;
Things had been bound by fuch a pow’rful chain,
That all would fix’d and motionlefs remain. Blackmore.
Mo'tive. adj. [motivus, Latin.]
1. Caufing motion; having moment.
Shall every motive argument ufed in fuch kind of confe¬
rences be made a rule for others ftill to conclude the like by,
concerning all things of like nature, when as probable in-*
ducements may lead them to the contrary ? Hooker, b. iv.
2. Having the power to move ; having power to change place ;
having power to pafs foremoft to motion.
T. he nerves ferve for the conveyance of the motive faculty
from the brain ; the ligatures for the {Lengthening of them,
that they may not flag in motion. Wilkins.
We afk you whence does motive vigour flow ? Blackmore.
T hat fancy is eafily dilproved from the motive power of fouls
embodied, and the gradual increafe of men and animals. Bentl.
Mo'tive. n.f [motif,' French.J
1. That which determines the choice; that which incites the
aCtion.
Hereof we have no commandment, either in nature or
feripture, which doth exaCt them at our hands; yet thofe
motives there are in both, which draw moft tffe&ually our
minds unto them. Hooker, b. ii.
Why in that rawnefs left you wife and children,
Thofe precious motives, thole ftrong knots of love,
Without leave-taking? Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
What can be a ftronger motive to a firm truft on our
Maker, than the giving us his fon to fuffer for us. AddiJ'on.
The motive for continuing in the fame ftate is only the prefent fatisfa&ion in it; the motive to change is always fome
uneafinefs. Locke,
2. Mover.
Heaven brought me up to be my daughter’s dower;
As it hath fated her to be my motive
And helper to a hufband. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
Her wanton fpirits look out
At every joint, and motive of her body. Shakefpeare.
Mo'tley. adj. [fuppofed to be corrupted from medley, perhaps
from mothlike coloured, fpotted ot variegated like a garden
moth.] Mingled of various, colours.
The motley fool thus moral’d on the time.
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer,
That fools fhould be fo deep contemplative. Shakejpeare.
They that con.e to fee a fellow
In a long motley coat, guarded with yellow.
Will be deceiv’d. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII,
Expence and after-thought, and idle care,
And doubts of motley hue, and dark defpair. Dryden.
Enquire from whence this motley ftyle
Did firft our Roman purity defile. Dryden s Perjus.
Fraulus, of amphibious breed.
Motley fruit of mungril feed ;
By the dam from lordlings fprung,
By the fire exhal’d from dung. Swift.
Mo'tor. n.f [rnoteur, fr. from moveo, Latin.] A mover.
Thofe bodies being ot a congenerous nature do readily re¬
ceive the impreflions of their motor, and, if not fettered by
their gravity, conform themfelves to fituations, wherein they
beft unite unto their animator. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii,
Mo'tor y. adj. [motorius, Latin.] Giving motion.
The bones, were they dry, could not, without great dif¬
ficulty, yield to the plucks and attractions of the motory mufc^es* Ray on Creation.
AIo tto. n.f. [motto, Italian.] A fentence added to a device,
or prefixed to any thing written.
It may be faid to be the motto of human nature, rather to
fuffer than to die. L'Ejbange's Fables.
We ought to be meek-fpirited, till we are affured of the
honefty of our anceftors ; for covetoufnefs and circumvention
make no good motto for a coat. Collier.
It was the motto of a bifhop eminent for his piety and o-ood
works in king Charles the fecond’s reign, Infervi Deo & Icetare, Serve God and be chearful. Adaifon's Freeholder.
To Move. v. a. [moveo, Latin.]
1. To put out of one place into another; to put in motion.
Sinai itfelf was moved at the prefence of God. Pjal. lxviii.
At this my heart tremb’eth, and is moved out of his place.
Job xxvii. 1.
2. To give an impulfe to.
The pretext of piety is but like the hand of a clock, fet
indeed more confpicuoufly, hut directed wholly by the fecret
movings of carnality within. Decay of Piety.
3. To propofe; to recommend.
If the'firft confultation be not fufficient, the will may move
a review, and require the underftanding to inform itfelf bet¬
ter. Bijhop Bramhall againji Hobbes.
They are to be blamed alike, who move and who decline
war upon particular refpeCts. Hayward's Edw. VI.
They find a great inconvenience in moving their fuits by an
interprets. Davies on Ireland.
To Indamora you my fuit muft move. Dryden.
The will being the power of directing our operative facul¬
ties to fome aClion, for fome end, cannot at any time be
moved towards what is judged at that time inattainable.
• Locke.
4. To perfuade; to prevail on the mind.
A thoufand knees.
Ten thoufand years together, naked, fafting,
Upon a barren mountain, and ftill Winter
In ftorm perpetual, could not move the gods
To look that way thou wert. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
Grittus offered the Tranfylvanians money; but minds defirous of revenge were not moved with gold. Knolles.
Sometimes the poflibility of preferment prevailing with the
credulous, expectation of lefs expence with the covetous,
opinion of eafe with the fond, and alfurance of remotenefs
with the unkind parents, have moved them without diferetion,
to engage their children in adventures of learning;, bv whole
return they have received but fmall contentment.^ Wctton.
Could any power of fenfe the Roman move
To burn his-own right hand ? Davies
That which moves a man to do any thing, muft be the apprehenfion and expetfation of fome good from the thin r
whiclJ,J;® 18 t°Ido- ° South's Sermons.
When lhe law her reafons idly fpenr,
And could not move him from his fix’d intent,
Dryden's dEn. She flew to rage.
But 16 U
MOV M O U
But when no female arts his mind could 7nave.
She turn’d to furious hate her impious love. Drydcn’s ALn.
What can thy mind to this long journey move.
Or need’H thou abfence to renew thy love ? Dryden.
4. To afFetSh ; to touch pathetically ; to ftir paflion.
If he fee aught in you that makes him like,
That any thing he fees, which moves his liking,
I can with eafc tranflate it to my will* ShakeJ'p. ll. John.
It was great ign’rance, GloHer’s eyes being out,
To let him live ; where he arrives he, moves
All hearts againft us. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Should a Ihipwreck’d failor fing his woe,
Wou’d’H thou be mov’d to pity, or bellow
An alms? Drydcn s Perfius.
Images are very fparingly to be introduced ; their proper
place is in poems and orations, and their ufe is to move pity
or terror, companion and refentment. Felton on the ClaJJichs.
O let thy filler, daughter, handmaid, move
Or all thole tender names. Pope.
5. To make angry.
From thofe bloody hands
Throw your diHempe'r’d weapons to the ground.
And hear the fentence of your moved prince. Shakefpeare.
They have moved me to jealoufy. Deiit. xxxii. 21.
6. To put into commotion.
When they were come to Bethlehem, all the city was
moved about them. Ruth i. 19.
7. To conduct regularly in motion.
They, as they move
Their Harry dance in numbers that compute
Days, months, and years, tow’rds his all cheering lamp,
Turn fwift their various motions. Milton.
To Move. v. n.
1. To go from one place to another.
I look’d toward Birnam, and anon, methought,
The wood began to move:'
Within this three mile may you fee it coming ;
I fay a moving grove. 1Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
In him we live, move, and have our being. Adis xvii. 28.
Every moving thing that liveth lhall be meat for you. Gen.
On the green bank I fat and lillen’d long, '
• Nor till her lay was ended could I move.
But wilh’d to dwell for ever in the grove. Dryden.
The fenfes reprefent the earth as immoveable ; for though
it do move in itfelf, it rells to us who are carriedwith it. Gian.
This faying, that God is the place of fpirits, being lite¬
ral, makes us conceive that fpirits move up and down, and
have their diffances and intervals in God, as bodies have in
fpace. Locke.
When we are come to the utmoH extremity of body,
what is there that can put a Hop, and fatisfy the mind, that
it is at the end of fpace, when it is fatisfied that body itfelf
can move into it ? Locke.
Any thing that moves round about in a circle in lefs time
than our ideas are wont to fucceed one another in our minds,
is not perceived to move, but feems to be a perfedt entire
circle of that matter. Locke.
The goddefs moves
To vifit Paphos, and her blooming groves. Pope’s OdyJJey.
2. To walk ; to bear the body.
See great Marcell us ! how inur’d in toils
He moves with manly grace, how rich with regal fpoils.
Drydcn's An.
3. To go forward.
Through various hazards and events we move
To Latium. Drydcn’s ALn.
4. To change the poflure of the body in ceremony.
When Hainan faw Mordecai that he flood not up, nor
moved for him, he was full of indignation, dLjlh. v. 9.
MoVeable. adj, [from move.]
1. Capable of being moved ; not fixed; portable ; fuch as may
be carried from place to place.
In the vafft wildernefs, when the people of God had no
fettled habitation, yet a jnoveable tabernacle they were com¬
manded of God to make. Hooker, b. v.
When he made his prayer, he found the boat he was in
moveable and unbound, the reft'remained Hill fafl. Bacon.
Any heat whatfoever promotes the afeent of mineral mat¬
ter, which is fubtile, and is confequently moveable more
eafily. Woodward's Nat. Hift. p. iv.
Any who fees theTeverone muH conclude it to be one of
the molt moveable rivers in the world, that is fo often Ihifted
out of one channel into another. Addijon on Italy.
2. Changing the time of the year.
The lunar month is natural and periodical, by which the
jnoveable fcHivals of the Chriflian church are regulated. Holder.
MoVeabi.es. n. f. [mculdes, Fr.J Goods; furniture; diitinguifhed from real or immoveable polleflions : as, lands or
houfe.
We feize
The plate, coin, revenues, and moveables,
Whereof our uncle Gaunt did Hand polle s’d. Shakefp.
Let him that moved you hither,
Remove you hence; I knew you at the HrH
You were a jnoveable.
—Why, what’s a moveable ?
•—A join’d flool. Shakefp. Faming of the Shrew.
Surveys rich moveables with curious eye,
Beats down the price, and threatens Hill to buy. Dryden.
Mo'veableness. n.f [from moveable.] Mobility; poflibility
to be moved.
MoVeably. adv. [from jnoveable.] So as it may be moved.
His back-piece is compofed of eighteen plates, moveably
joined together by as many intermediate fkins. Grew.
MoVeless. adj. Unmov’d ; not to be put out of the place.
The lungs, though untouched, will remain movelefs as to
any expanfion or contraction of their fubflance. Boyle.
The Grecian phalanx, movelefs as a tow’r.
On all fides batter’d, yet refifls his power. Pope’s Iliad.
Mo'vement. n.f. [mouvement, French.]
1. Manner of moving.
What farther relieves deferiptions of battles, is the art of
introducing pathetick circumflances about the heroes, which
raife a different movement in the mind, companion and pity.
Pope's EJfay on Homer.
Under workmen are expert enough at making a fingle
wheel in a clock, but are utterly ignorant how to adjuH the
feveral parts, or regulate the jnovement. Swift.
2. Motion.
Ado'vENT. adj. [movens, Latin.] Moving.
If it be in fome part jnovent, and in fome part qufefcent,
it mufl needs be a curve line, and fo no radius. Grew’sCof.
Mo'vent. n.f. [jnovens, Lat.] That which moves another,
i hat there is a motion which makes the viciffitudes of day
and night, fenfe may affure us ; but whether the fun or earth
be the common jnovent, cannot be determined but by a
further appeal. Glanville's Seep.
Mo'ver. n.J'. [from move. ]
1. The perfon or thing that gives motion.
O thou eternal mover of the heav’ns,
Look with a gentle eye upon this wretch. Shakefpeare.
The Hrength of a fpring were better affiHed by the labour
of fome intelligent mover, as the heavenly orbs are fuppofed
to be turned. Wilkins’s Math. Magick.
2. Something that moves, or Hands not Hill.
You as the foul, as the HrH jnover, you
Vigour and life on ev’ry part beHow.
So orbs from the HrH mover motion take.
Yet each their proper revolutions make.
3. A propofer.
See here thefe movers, that do prize their honours
At a crack’d drachm ; cufliions, leaden fpoons.
Ere yet the fight be done, pack up. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
If any quefiion be moved concerning the dodtrine of the
church of England exprefled in the thirty-nine articles, give
not the leaH ear to the movers thereof. Bacon.
Mo'ving. participial adj. [from move.] Pathetick; touching;
adapted to affcdl the paflions.
Great Jupiter,
The moving pray’r of TEacus did grant,
And into men and women turn’d the ant. Blackmore.
MoVingly. adj. [from moving.] Pathetically; in fuch a man¬
ner as to feize the paflions.
_ The choice and flower of all things profitable in other
books, the Pfalms do both more briefly and more movingly
exprefs, by reafon of that poetical form wherewith they are
written. Hooker, b. v.
I would have had them writ more movingly. Shakefp.
His air, his voice, his looks, and honeH foul,
Speak all fo movingly in his behalf,
I dare not truH myfelf to hear him talk. Addifoji’s Cato.
Mought. for jnight. " Obfolete.
AIould. n.f. [moegel, Swediflt.]
1. A kind of concretion on the top or outfide of things kept,
motionlefs and damp; now difeovered by microfcopes to be
perfect plants.
All moulds are inceptions of putrefadion, as the moulds of
pics and flelh, which moulds turn into worms. Bacon.
Mofs is a kind ot mould of the earth and trees, but may
be better lorted as a rudiment of germination. BacoJi.
Another fpccial affinity is between plants and mould, or pu¬
trefaction ; for all putrefadtian, if it diflolve not in arefadtion,
will, in the end, iliac into plants. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
I he malt made in Summer is apt to contract jnould. Mart.
A hermit, who has been (hut up in his cell in a college,
has contradted a fort of jnould and rult upon his foul, and all
his airs have aukwardnefs in them. Watts.
[Mol&, Saxon.] Earth; foil; ground in which any thing
Waller.
Drych\en.
2.
grows.
Thofe moulds that are of a bright chefnut or hazelly colour
arc accounted the belt; next to that, the dark grey and ruflet
jnouhls are accounted beff ; the light and dark afli-colour are
reckoned the worlt, fuch as are ufually found on common or
heathv
M O U M O U
heathy ground : the clear tawny is by no means to be ap¬
proved, but that of a yellowifh colour is reckoned the worft
of all •* this is commonly found in wild and wafte parts of
the country, and for the mod: part produces nothing but gofs,
furz and fern. All good lands after rain, or breaking up
by the fpade, will emit a good fmell; that being always the
bed that is neither too un&uous or too lean, but fuch as
will cafily diflolve; of a juft confiftence between fand and
clay. tiller.
Though worms devour me, though I turn to mould,
Yet in my flefh I {hall his face behold* Sandys's Paraph.
The black earth, every-where obvious on the furface of
the ground, we call mould. Woodward.
*. Matter of which any thing is made*
When the world began.
One common mafs compos’d the mould of man. Dryden.
Nature form'd me of her fofteft mould,
Enfeebled all my foul with tender paffions.
And lunk me even below my weak fex. Addifon's Cato.
4. [Molde, Spanifli; moule, French.] The matrix in which
any thing is call; in which any thing receives its form.
If the liturgies of all the ancient churches be compared,
it may be eafily perceived they had all one original mould.
Hooker, h. v.
A dangerous president were left for the calling of prayers
into certain poetical moulds. Hooker, b. v.
French churches all call according unto that mould which
Calvin had made. Hooker.
My wife comes foremoft; then the honour’d mould
Wherein this trunk was fram’d. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
New honours come upon him.
Like our ftrange garments cleave not to their mould,
But with the end of ufe. Shakefp. Macbeth.
You may have fruit in more accurate figures, according as
you make the moulds. Bacon s Nat. Hljl. N°, 502.
The liquid ore he drain'd
Into fit moulds prepar’d ; from which he form’d
Firft his own tools : then what might elfe be wrought
Fufile, or grav’n in metal. Milton s Par. Loft, b. xi.
We may hope for new heavens and a new earth, more
pure and perfect than the former 5 as if this was a refiner’s
fire, to purge out the drofs and coarfe parts, and then call
the mafs again into a new and better mould. Burnet.
Sure our fouls were near allied, and thine
Call in the fame poetick mould, with mine. Dryden.
Here in fit moulds to Indian nations known,
Are call the feveral kinds of precious {tone. Blackmore.
4. Call; form.
No mates for you,
Unlels you were of gentler, milder mould. Shakerp6are.
William earl of Pembroke was a man of another mouldy
and making, and of another fame, being the molt univerfally
beloved of any man of that age ; and, having a great office
in the court, he made the court itfelf better efteemed, and
more reverenced in the country. . Clarendon.
Learn
What creatures there inhabit, of what mould,
Or fubftance, how endu’d, and what their pow’r,
And where their weaknefs. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ii*
So mult the writer, whofe productions fhould
Take with the vulgar, be of vulgar mould. Waller.
From their main-top joyful news they hear
Of ihips, which by their mould bring new fupplies. Dryd.
Hans Carvel, impotent and old,
Married a'Jafs of London mould. Prior.
5. The future or contexture of the fkull. Ainf.
To Mould, v. a. [from the noun.] To contract concreted
matter ; to gather mould.
In woods, in waves, in wars {he wants to dwell.
And will be found with peril and with pain ;
Nc can the man that moulds in idle cell
Unto her happy manfion attain. Fairy Fpuecn, b. ii.
There be fome houfes wherein fweet meats will relent,
and baked meats will mould, more than in others. Bacon.
To Mould, v. a. To cover with mould; to corrupt by
mould.
Very coarfe, hoary, moulded bread the foldiers thruft upon
. their fpears, railing againft Ferdinand, who made no better
provifion. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
To Mould, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To form ; to fhape ; to model.
I feel
Of what coarfe metal ye are moulded. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Here is the cap your worfhip did befpeak ;
Why this was moulded on a poringer,
A velvet difh ; fie, fie, ’tis lewd. Shakefpeare.
The king had taken fuch liking of his perfon, that he refolved to make him a mailer-piece, and to mould him platonically to his own idea. IVotton s Buckingham.
Did I requeft thee, Maker ! from my clay
To mould me man ? Milton s Par. Lojlj b. x.
He forgeth and mouldcth metals, and builds houfes. Hale.
By the force of education we may mould the minds and
manners of youth into what {hape we pleafe, and give them
the impreffions of fuch habits as {hall ever afterwards remain.
Atterburfs Sermons.
Then rofe the feed of chaos, and of night,
Of dull and venal a new world to. mould.
And bring Saturnian days oi lead and gold. Dunciad, b. iv.
A faction in England, under the name of puritan, moulded
up their new fchemes of religion with republican principles
in government. Swift.
For you alone he ftole
The fire that forms a manly foul;
Then, to compleat it ev’ry way*
He moulded it with female clay. Szvift's Mifcel.
Fabellus would never learn any moral lefions till they were
moulded into the form of fome fiction or fable like thofe of
CEfop. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind, p. \.
2. To knead : as, to mould bread. Ainf.
Mo'uldable. adj. [from mould.'] What may be moulded.
The differences of figurable and not figurable, mauldable
and not mouldable, are plebeian notions. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
Mo'ur.DER. n. f. [from mould.] He who moulds.
I o Mo'uldEr. v. n. [from mould.] To be turned to duft; to
perilh in duft; to be diminifhed.
If he had fat {till, the enemies army would have mouldered
to nothing, and been expofed to any advantage he would
take. Clarendon, L viih
Whatfoever moulders, or is wafhed away, is carried down
into the lower grounds, and nothing ever brought back again.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Thofe formed ftones defpoiled of their ftiells, and expofed
upon the furface of the ground, in time decay, wear, and
moulder away, and are frequently found defaced, and brbkcn
to pieces. Woodward's Nat. Hijl. p. v.
To them by finding Jove ’twas giv’n,
Great William’s glories to recall,
When llatues moulder, and when arches fall. Prior-.
Finding his congregation moulder every Sunday, and hear¬
ing what was the occalion of it, he refolved to give his parifh
a little Latin in his turn. Addifon's Spedi. N°. 221.
To Mo'ulder. v. a. [from moidd.] To turn to duft; to
crumble.
The natural hiftories of Switzerland talk of the fall of
thofe rocks when their foundations have been mouldered with
age, or rent by an earthquake. Addifon on Italy.
With nodding arches, broken temples fpread.
The very tombs now vaniih’d like their dead;
Some felt the filent ftroke of mouldering age,
Some, hoftile fury. Pope.
Mo'uldiness. n.f. [lrom mouldy.] The ftate of being mouldy.
Flelb, filh, and plants, after a mouldinefs, rottennefs, or
corrupting, will fall to breed worms. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
Mo'ulding. n.f. [from mould.] Ornamental cavities in wood
or ftone.
Hollow mouldings are required in the work. Moxort.
Mo'uldwarp. n.f. [molb and peoppan, Saxon.] A mole;
a fmall animal that throws up the earth.
Above the reach of loathful finful lull,
Whofe bafe eft’eCl through cowardly diftruft
Of his own wings, dare not to heaven ffie.
But like a mouldwarp in the earth doth lie. Spenfer.
While they play the mouldwarps, unfavory damps dillemper their heads with annoyance only for the prefent. Carew.
With gins we betray the vermin of the earth, namely, the
fichat and the mouldwarp. Walton's Angler.
Mo'uldy. adj. [from mould.] Overgrown with concretions.
Is thy name mouldy f
—Yea.
—’Tis the more time thou wert us’d.
— Ha, ha, ha; moft excellent; things that are mouldy
lack ufe. Well Laid, Sir John. Shakefp. Henry IV.
The marble looks white and frefti, as being expofed to the
winds and fait lea-vapours, that by continually fretting it
preferves itfelf'from that mouldy colour which others contraCl.
Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
To Moult, v. n. \muytcn, Dutch.] To fhed or change the
feathers ; to lofe feathers.
Some birds upon moulting turn colour, as Robin-red-breafts,
after their moulting, grow to be red again by degrees. Bacon.
Time {hall moult away his wings,
E’er he {hall difcover
In the wide whole world again
Suckling,
u
Such a conftant lover.
The widow’d turtle hangs her moulting wings,
And to the woods in mournful murmur Tings. Garth.
ToMounch. \v. a. [mouch, to eat much. Ainf. This word
To Maunch. £ is retained in Scotland, and denotes the obtunded adlion of toothlefs gums on a hard cruft, or any thing
eatable ; it feems to be a corruption of the French word
manper. Macbean. ]
o J
A Tailor’s wife had chefnuts in her lap,
And mouncht, and mouncht, and mouncht. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Mounc.
MOU
MoUNb. Tt.Jl [munbian, Saxon, to defend.] Any thing raifed
to fortify or defend : ufually a bank of earth and ftone.
His broad branches laden with rich fee.
Did ftretch themfelves without the utmoft bound
Of this great garden, compafs’d with a mound. Fairy
The fea’s a thief, whofc liquid furge refolves
The mounds into fait tears. Shakejp. Timon of Athens.
God had thrown
That mountain as his garden mound, high rais’d. Milton.
Such as broke through all mounds of law, luch as laughed
at the fword of vengeance which divine juftice brandilhed in
their faces. < South's Sermons.
Nor cold fhall hinder me with horns and hounds
To thrid the thickets, or to leap the mounds. Dryden.
The ftate of Milan is like a vaft garden forrounded by a
noble mound-work of rocks and mountains. Addifon.
To Mound, v. a. [from the noun.] To fortify with a mound.
MOUNT, n.f. [mont, French; mons, Latin.]
j. A mountain; a hill. •
Jacob offered facrifice upon the mount. Gen. xxxi. 54.
Behold von mountain’s hoary height,
Made higher with new mounts of fnow. Dryden.
2. An artificial hill raifed in a garden, or other place.
He might fee what mounts they had in fhort time call, and
what a number there was of brave and warlike foldiers.
Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
3. A publick treafure ; a bank. Now obfolete.
Thefe examples confirmed me in a refolution to fpend my
time wholly in writing; and to put forth that poor talent
God hath given me, not to particular exchanges, but to
banks or mounts of perpetuity, which will not break. Bacon.
To MOUNT, v. n. [monter, French.]
1. To rife on high.
Doth the eagle mounf up at thy command, and make her
neft on high ? J°h ***• 27'
I’ll ftrive, with troubl’d thoughts, to take a nap;
Left leaden Humber poize me down to-morrow,
When I fhould mount with wings of vi&ory. Shakefpeare.
A bafe ignoble mind,
That mounts no higher than a bird can foar. Shakefpeare.
The fire of trees and houfes mounts on high.
And meets half-way new fires that fhow’r from Iky. Cowley.
, If the liturgy fhould be offered to them, it would kindle
jealoufy, and as the firft range of that ladder which fhould
ferve to mount over all their cuftoms. Clarendon.
Ambitious meteors fet themfelves upon the wing, taking
every occafion of drawing upward to the fun ; not confidering, that they have no more time allowed them in their
mounting than the fingle revolution of a day; and that when
the light goes from them, they are of neceflity to fall. Dryd.
2. To tower; to be built up to great elevation.
Though his excellency mount up to the heavens, and his
head reach unto the clouds, yet he fhall perifh. 'job xx. 6.
3. To get on horfeback.
He
Like a full acorn’d boar, a churning on,
Cry’d, oh ! and mounted. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
A. [For amount.] To rife in value.
Bring then thefe bleffings to a ftridt account,
Make fair dedu&ions, fee to what they mount. Pope.
To Mount, v. a.
1. To raife aloft; to lift on high.
The fire that mounts the liquor till’t runs o’er.
Seeming to augment, waftes it. Shakefpeare.
What power is it which mounts my love fo high,
That makes me fee, and cannot feed mine eye ? Shakejp.
The air is fo thin, that a bird has therein no feeling of
her wings, or any refiftance of air to mount herfelf by* Ral.
2. To afeend ; to climb.
Shall we mount again the rural throne,
And rule the country kingdoms, once our own ? Dryden.
3. To place on horfeback.
Three hundred horfes, in high ftables fed,
Of thefe he chofe the faireft and the beft,
To mount the Trojan troop. Dryden s JEn.
Clear reafon, a&ing in conjun&ion with a well-difciplined,
but ftrong and vigorous fancy, feldom fail to attain their end:
fancy without reafon, is like a horfe without a^ rider; and
reafon without fancy is not well mounted. Crew's Cof b. li.
4. To embellifh with ornaments.
5. To Mount guard. To do duty and watch at any particu¬
lar poft.
6. To Mt/UNT a cannon. To fet a piece on its wooden frame
for the more eafy carriage and management in firing it.
Mo'untain. n.). [montaigne, French.] A large hill; a vaft
protuberance of the earth.
I had been drowned ; a death that I abhor; for the water
iwells a man, and what a thing fhould I have been when I
had been fwelled ? I fhould have been a mountain ol mummy.
Shakefpeare's Merry fVives of iTinclJor.
She did corrupt frail nature with fome bribe,
To make an envious mountain on my back,
Where fits deformity to mock my body. Shakefpeare.
MOU
From Acmon’s hands a rolling-ftone there came,
So large, it half deferv’d a mountain's name ! Dryden.
Mo'untain. adj. [montanuSy Latin.] found on the moun¬
tains ; pertaining to the mountains; growing on the moun¬
tains. .
Now for our mountain fport, up to yond hill,
Your legs are young. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline*
You may as well forbid the mountain pines
To wag their high tops, and to make a noife,
When they are fretted with the gufts of heav’n. Shakejp,
Mountaine'er. n. f. [from mountain.]
1. An inhabitant of the mountains.
A few mountaineers may efcape, enough to continue human
race; and yet illiterate rufticks, as mountaineers always are.
Bentley s Sermons.
Amiternian troops, of mighty fame.
And mountaineers, that from Severus came. Dryden s /En.
2. A lavage ; a free booter ; a ruftick.
Yield, ruftick mountaineer. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
No favage, fierce banditti, or mountaineer,
Will dare to foil her virgin purity. _ Milton.
Mo'untainet. n. f [from mountain.] A hillock; a fmall
mount. Elegant, but not in ufe.
Her breafts fweetly role up like two fair mountainets in the
pleafant vale of Tcmpe. Sidney.
Mountainous, adj. [from mountain.]
1. Hilly; full of mountains.
The alcent of the land from the fea to the foot of the
mountains, and the height of the mountains from the bottom
to the top, are to be computed, when you meafure the height
of a mountain, or of a mountainous land, in refpedt of the
fea. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. Large as mountains; huge; bulky.
What cuftom wills in all things, fhou’d we do’t.
Mountainous error wou’d be too highly heapt
For truth to o’erpeer. Shakefpeare.
On earth, in air, amidft the Teas and ikies.
Mountainous heaps of wonders rife ;
Whofe tow’ring ftrength will ne’erfubmit
To reafon’s batteries, or the mines of wit. Prior.
3. Inhabiting mountains.
In deftrutftions by deluge and earthquake, the remnant
which hap to be referved are ignorant and mountainous people,
that can give no account of the time paft. Bacon's EJJ'ays.
Mo'untainousness. n.f. [from mountainous.] State of being
full of mountains.
Armenia is fo called from the mountainoufnefs of it.
Brerewood on Learning.
Mo'untain-parsley. n.f. [oreofolinum, Lat.] A plant.
The mountain-parfey hath a rofe-ftiaped umbellated flower,
confifting of feveral leaves, placed in a circular order, retting
on the empalement, which afterwards becomes a fruit compofed of two feeds, which are oval, plain, large, ftreaked and
bordered, and fometiines caft off their cover ; the leaves are
like parfley. Miller.
Mo'untain-Rose. n.f. [chamarhododer.drony Lat.] A plant.
The mountain-roje hath a tubulous flower, confifting of one
leaf, fhaped fomewhat like a funnel; from whofe cup arifes
the pointal, fixed like a nail in the hinder part of the flower,
which afterwards becomes an oblong fruit, divided into five
cells, in which are contained many very fmall feeds. Miller.
Mo'untant. adj. [montansy Lat.] Riling on high.
Hold up, you Huts,
Your aprons mountant; you’re not oathable.
Although, I know, you’ll fwear. Shak. Timon of Athens.
Mo'untebank. n.J. [montare in banco, Italian.]
1. A dodtor that mounts a bench in the market, and boafts his ’
infallible remedies and cures.
I bought an undlion of a mountebank
So mortal, that but dip a knife in it.
Where it draws blood, no cataplafm fo rare.
Can fave the thing from death. Shakefp. Hamlet.
She, like a mouniebanky did wound
And ftab herfelf with doubts profound.
Only to Ihew with how fmall pain
The fores of faith are cur’d again. Hudibras, p. i.
But ALfchylus, fays Horace in fome page.
Was the firft mountebank that trod the ftage. Dryden,
It looks fo like a mountebank to boaft of infallible cures.
Baker's Refeilions on Learning.
2. Any boaftful and falfe pretender.
As nimble jugglers, that deceive the eye,
Difguifed cheaters, prating mountebanksy
And many fuch like libertines of fin. Shakejpeare.
There are mountebanks, and ftnatterers in ftate. L Ejlrange.
Nothine fo impoflible in nature but mountebanks will under¬
take. Arbuthnot's Hijl, of John Bull.
To Mo'untebank. v. a. [from the noun.] To cheat by falfe
boafts or pretences.
I’ll mountebank their loves.
Cog their hearts from them. Shahefpeai eis Coriolamis.
Mo'untenance. n.f. Amount of a thing. Spetfer.
c Mo'unter.
M O U M O U
Mo'unter. n.f. [from mount.) One that mounts;
Though they to the earth were thrown.
Yet quickly they regain’d their own.
Such nimblenefs was never fhown ;
They were two gallant mounters. Drayton's Nyhtphid.
Few bankers will to heav’n be rhountefs. Swift,
Mo'unty. n.f. [montee, French.] The rife of a hawk.
The fport which Bafilius would (hew to Zemane, was the
mounty at a heron, which getting up on his waggling wings
with pain, as though the air next to the earth were not fit
to fly through, now diminifhed the fight of himfelf. Sidney,
To Mourn, v. n. [mupnan, Saxon.]
1. To grieve ; to be forrowful.
Abraham came to mourn for Sarah; and to weep. Genef.
I mourn in my complaint. Pfal. lv. 2.
This day is holy ; mourn not, nor weep: Neh. viii. 9.
The people {hall mourn over it. Hof x. 5.
My vineyard being defolate; tnourneth unto me. Jer. xii.
They made an appointment to mourn with him, and to
comfort him. fob li. 11.
They rejoice at the prefence of the fun, and mourn at the
abfence thereof. Bacon's Nat. Hiji. N°. 493,
2. To wear the habit of forrow.
We mourn in black ; why mourn we not in blood ? Shak.
Friends in fable weeds appear.
Grieve for an hour, perhaps they mourn a year ;
They bear about the mockery of woe
To midnight dances, and the puppet-ftiow. 1Pope;
3. To preferye appearance of grief.
The days of mourning for my father are at hand, then will
I /lay Jacob. Gen. xxvii. 41.
Feign thyfelf to be a mourner, and put on mourning ap¬
parel. 2 Sam. xiv. 2,
Publifh it that (he is dead ;
Maintain a mourning oftentation.
Hang mournful epitaphs. Shakefp. Much about nothing.
To Mourn, v. a.
Iv To grieve for; to lament.
The mufe that mourns him now his happy triumph fung.
Dryden.
Portius himfelf oft falls in tears before me,
As if he mourn'd his rival’s ill fuccefs. Addifon's Cato,
2. To utter in a forrowful manner.
The love-lorn nightingale
Nightly to thee her fad fong mourneth well. Milton.
Mourne. n.f. [morne, French.] The round end of aftaff;
the part of a lance to which the fteel part is fixed, or where
it is taken off.
He carried his lances, which though ftrong to give a lancely
blow indeed, yet fo were they coloured with hooks near the
mourne, that they prettily reprefented fheep hooks. Sidney,
Mo'urner. n.f. [from mourn.']
1. One that mourns ; one that grieves.
The kindred of the queen muft die at Pomfret.
—Indeed I am no mourner for that news,
Becaufe they have been ftill my adverfariesi Shakefpeare^
To cure thy woe, {he {hews thy fame;
Left the great mourner thouId forget
That all the race whence Orange came;
Made virtue triumph over fate. Prior.
2. One who follows a funeral in black.
A woman that had two daughters burled one; and mourners
were provided to attend the funeral. L'Eftrange's Fables.
He lives to be chief mourner for his fon ;
Before his face his wife and brother burns. Dryden.
3. Something ufed at funerals.
The mourner eugh and builder oak were there. Dryden.
Mo'urnful. adj. [mourn and full.]
1. Having the appearance of forrow.
No funeral rites, nor man in mournful weeds.
Nor mournful bell {hall ring her burial. Shakefpeare,
The winds within the quiv’ring branches play’d,
And dancing trees a mournful mufick made. Dryden,
2. Caufing forrow.
Upon his tomb
Shall be engrav’d the fack of Orleans ;
The trcach’rous manner of his mournful death. Shakefp.
3. Sorrowful; feeling forrow.
The mournful fair.
Oft as the rolling years return.
With fragrant wreaths and flowing hair.
Shall vifit her diftinguifh’d urn. Prior.
4. Betokening forrow ; expreflive of grief.
No mourful bell {hall ring her burial. Shakefpeare.
On your family’s old monument
Hang mournful epitaphs. Shakefpeare.
Mo'urnfully. adv. [from mournful.] Sorrowfully; with for¬
row.
Beat the drum, that it fpeak mournfully. Shakefpeare.
Mo'uRNf ui.nf.ss. n.f. [from mournful.]
1. Sorrow; grief.
2. Show of grief; appearance of forrow*
thofe days ? the be2 Efdr. xvi. 18.
Mo'urning. n.f. [from mourn.]
1. Lamentation; forrow.
Wo is me, who will deliver me in
ginning of forrows and great mournings.
2. The drefs of forrow.
They through the mafter-ftreet the corps convey’d.
The houfes to their tops with black were ipread,
And ev’n the pavements were with mourning hid. Dryden.
Mo'uRNiNGLt. adv. [from mourning.] With the appearance
of forrowing.
The king fpoke of him admiringly and mourningly. Shak.
Mouse, plural mice. n.f. [mup, Saxon;, mus, Latin.] The
fmalleft of all beafts a little animal haufiting Houfes and
corn fields, deftroyed by bats. .
The eagle England being in prey,'
To her unguarded neft the weazel Scot
Comes fneaking, and fo fucks her princely eggs;
Playing the moufe in abfence of the-cat. Shakefpeare.
Thefe {hall be unclean; the weafle, the moufe, and the
tortoife. Lev. xi. 29.
Where mice and rats devour’d poetick bread,'
And with heroick ,verfe luxurioufly were fed: Dryden.
This ftrudVure of hair I have obferved in the hair of cats,
rats, and mice. , Derham's Phyfco-Theol,
To Mouse, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To catch mice.
An eagle tow’ring, in his pride of place
Was by a moufing owl hawk’d and kill’d. Shakefpeare.
2. I fuppofe it means, in the following palfage, fly; iiifidious ;
or predatory, rapacious; interefted.
A whole affembly of moufing faints,* urider the riiafk of zeal
ahd good nature, lay many kingdoms in blood, L'Eftrange.
Mo'use-ear. n. f. [myofotis, Lat.]
The moufe-ear hath the whole appearance of chick-weed ;
but the flower is larger, and the fruit ftiaped like an ox’s
ho’rh, gaping at the top, and full of fmall round feeds. Miller.
Mo'usehunt. n.f. [moufe and hunt.] Mouferj one that hunts
mice.
You have been a moufe-hunt in your time.
But I will watch you. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Mo'use-hole. n.f. [moufe and hole.] Small hole; hole at
which a moufe only may run in.
He puts the prophets iii a moufe bole: the laft man ever
fpeaks the beft reafon. Dryden and Lee's Oedipus.
He can creep in at a moufe-hole, but he fodn grows too big
ever to get out again. Stillingfleet.
Mo'user. n.f. [from moufe.] One that catches mice.
Pufs, a madam, will be a moufer ftill. L'Efrange.
When you have fowl in the larder, leave the door open,
in pity to the cat, if {he be a good tnoufer. Swift.
Mo'usetail. n.f. An herb.
Mo'use-trap. n.f. [moufe and trap.] A fnare or gin irt which
mice are taken.
Many analogal motions in animals, I have reafon to con¬
clude, in their principle are not Amply mechanical, although
a moufe-trapi or Architas dove, moved mechanically. Hale.
Madam,
With her own hand the moufe-trap baited. Prior.
MOUTH, n.f. [mu?, Saxon.]
1. The aperture in the head of any animal at which the food
is received.
The dove came in; and lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf.
Gen. viii. 11.
There Can be no reafon given, why a vifage fomewhat
longer, or a wider mouth, could not have confifted with a
foul, Locke.
2. The opening; that at which any thing enters ; the entrance ;
the part of a veffel by which it is filled and emptied;
He came and lay at the mouth of the haven, daring them
to fight. Knolles's Hif. of the Turks.
Set a candle lighted in the bottom of a Won of water,
and turn the mouth of a glafs over the candle, and it will make
the water rife. Bacon's Nat. Hif. N°. 889.
The mouth is low and narrow ; but, after having entered
pretty far in, the grotto opens itfelf in an oval figure. Addifon.
The navigation of the Arabick gulf being more dangerous
toward the bottom than the mouthy Ptolemy built Berenice at
the entry of the gulf; Arbuthnot on Coins.
3. The itiftrument of fpeaking.
Riotous madnefs.
To be entangled with thefe mouth-made vows,
Which break themfelves in fwearing. Shakefpeare.
Either our hiftory {hall with full mouth
Speak freely of our adds ; or elle our grave.
Like Turkifli mute, {hall have a tonguelefs mouth,
Not worfliipp’d with a waxen epitaph. Shakefp. Henry V.
We will call the damfel, and inquire at her mouth.
Gen. xxiv, 57.-
Every body’s mouth will be full on it for the firft four days,
and in four more the ftory will talk itfelf afleep. L'Efrange.
In the innocent age of the world, it was in every body’s
mouth that the fon was about to marry. L'Efrange.
16 X Having
MOW M tJ C
Waving frequently Iti our mouths the name eternity, we
think we have a pofitive idea of it. Locke.
There is a certain fentence got into every man’s mouth, that
God accepts the will for the deed. South's Sermons.
4. A fpeaker ; a rhetorician ; the principal orator. In burlefque
languagei
Every coffee-hdiife has fome particular ftatefman belong¬
ing to it, who is the mouth of the ftreet where he lives. Add.
5. Cry; voice.
CbWard dogs
Moft fpend their moiiths, when what they feem to threaten
Runs far before them. Shakefpeare's Henry V,
The boar
Deals glancing wounds; the fearful dogs divide.
All fpend their mouth aloft, but none abide. Dryden.
You don’t now thunder in the capltol.
With all the mouths of Rome to fecond thee. Addifon.
6. Diftortion of the mouth; wry face, in this fenfe, is laid to
make mouths.
Perfevere, counterfeit fad looks,
Make mouths upon me when I turn my back. Shakefpeare.
Againft whom make ye a wide mouth, and draw out the
tongue ? Ifa. lvii. 4.
Why they fhould keep running afTes at Colefhill, or how
making mouths turns to account in Warwickfhire more than
any other parts of England, I cannot comprehend. Addifon.
J. Down in the Mouth. Dejedted; clouded in the counte¬
nance.
But, upon bringing the net afhore, it proved to be only
one great ftone, and a few little fifties : upon this difappointment they were down in the mouth. L'EJirange.
To Mouth, v. n. [from the noun.] To fpeak big; to fpeak
in a ftrong and loud voice; to vociferate.
Nay, an thou’lt mouth
I’ll rant as well as thou. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
When Progne’s or Thyeftes* feaft they write.
And for the mouthing adtor verfe indite ;
Thou neither like a bellows fwell’ft thy face.
Nor canft thou {train thy throat. Dryden's Perfus.
I’ll bellow out for Rome, and for my country.
And mouth at Csefar till I {hake the fenate. Addifon.
To Mouth, v. a.
X. To utter with a voice affedtedly big; to roll in the mouth
with tumult.
Speak the fpeech as I pronounced it, trippingly on the
tongue: but if you mouth it, I had as lieve the town-crier
had fpoke my lines. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Twitch’d by the fleeve he mouths it more and more,
Till with white froth his gown is Haver’d o’er. Dryden.
2. To chew; to eat; to grind in the mouth.
Corne carried let fuch as be poore go and glean.
And after thy cattel to mouth it up £lean. Tujfer's Hufb.
Death lines his dead chaps with fteel.
The fwords of foldiers are his teeth, his phangs;
And now he feafts mouthing the flefh of men. Shakefp.
3. To feize in the mouth.
He keeps them, like an apple, in the corner of his jaw ;
firft mouth'd to be laft fwallow’d. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Lucilius never fear’d the times ;
Mutius and Lupus both by name he brought.
He mouth'd them, and betwixt his grinders caught. Dryden.
4. To form by the mouth.
In regard the cub comes forth involved in the chorion, a
thick membrane obfcuring the formation, and which the dam
doth after tear afunder; the beholder at firft fight imputes the
enfuing form to the mouthing of the dam. Br. Vulgar Err,
Mo'uthed. adj. [from mouth.]
1. Furniflied with a mouth.
One tragick fentence if I dare deride.
Which Betterton’s grave action dignify’d.
Or well mouth'd Booth with emphafis proclaims. Pope.
2. In compofition, foul mouthed or contumelous ; mealy mouthed
or balhful; and a hard mouthed horfe, or a horfe not obedient
to the bit.
Mo'uth-friend. n.f [mouth andfriend.] One who profeffes
friendlhip without intending it.
May you a better feaft never behold.
You knot of mouth-friends: fmoke and lukewarm water
Is your perfection. Shakefpeare.
Mo'uthful. n.f [mouth and full.]
1. What the mouth contains at once.
2. Any proverbially fmall quantity.
A goat going out for a mouthful of frefh graf6, charged her
kid not to open the door till fhe came back. L'EJirange.
You to your own Aquinum fhall repair,
To take a mouthful of fweet country air. Dryden's fuv.
Mo'uth-homour. n.f. [mouth and honour.] Civility outwardly
expreflcd without fincerity.
Honour, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I muft not look to have ; but in their ftead,
Carfes not loud but deep, mouth-honour, breath. Shakefp.
Mo'uthless. ad}, [from mouth.] Without a mouth.
1.
2.
Mow. n.f. [mope, Saxon, aheap.] A loft or chamber where
hay or corn is laid up : hay in mow, is hay laid up in a
houfe; hay in rick, is hay heaped together in a field.
Learne fkilfullie how
Each grain for to laie by itfelf on a mow. Puffer's Hufb.
Where’er I gad, I Blouzelind {hall view,
Woods, dairy, barn, and mows our palfion knew. Gay.
Beans when moift give in the mow. Mortimer's Hufb,
T© Mow. v. a. preter. mowed, part. mown, [mapan, Saxon.
Mow the noun is pronounced as now; moiv verb as mo.]
To cut with a fcythe.
Of all the feed that in my youth was fowne.
Was nought but brakes and brambles to be mown. Spenfer.
The care you have
To mow down thorns that would annoy our foot.
Is worthy praife. Shakefp. He^ry VI. p. iii.
Forth he goes.
Like to a harveft man, that’s talk’d to mow
Or all, or lofe'his hire. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
It was the latter growth after the king’s mowings. A/nos vii.
Whatever
The fcythe of time mows down, devour unfpar’d. Mihon.
Beat, roll and mow carpet-walks and cammomile. Evelyn.
To cut down with fpeed and violence.
He will mow down all before him, and leave his paffage
poll’d. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
What valiant foemen, like to autumn’s corn.
Have we mow'd down. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Thou and I, marching before our troops,
May tafte fate to ’em ; mow ’em out a paffage,
Begin the noble harveft of the field. Dryden's Allfor Love'.
Stands o’er the proftrate wretch, and as he lay,
Vain tales inventing, and prepar’d to pray.
Mows off his head. Dryden's JEn.
To Mow. v. a. [from the noun.] To put in a mow.
To Mow. v. n. To gather the harveft.
Gold, though the heavieft metal, hither fwims :
Ours is the harveft where the Indians mow.
We plough the deep, and reap what others fow. Waller.
Mow. n.f. [probably corrupted from mouth; tnoue, French.]
Wry mouth ; diftorted face. This word is now out of ufe,
but retained in Scotland.
The very abjeCfs came together againft me unawares,
making mows at me. Pfal. xxxv. 15. Common Prayer.
Apes-and monkeys,
’Twixt two fuch {he’s, would chatter this way, and
Contemn with mows the other. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Thofe that would make mowes at him while my father lived,
give twenty ducats apiece for his picture in little. Shakefp.
To Mow. v. n. [from the noun.] To make mouths; to diftort the face.
Some Smithfield ruffian takes up fome new mowing with
the mouth, fome wrenching with the fhoulder, fome frefh,
new oath, that is not ftale, but will run round in the mouth.
Ajcham's Schoolmafler.
Mohu, of murder; and Flibbertigibbet, of mopping and
mowing. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
For every trifle are they fet upon me;
Sometimes like apes that mow and chatter at me.
And after bite me. Shakefpeare's Pempefl.
To Mo'wburn. v. n. [mow and burn.] To ferment and heat
in the mow for want of being dry.
Houfe it not green, left it mowburn. Mortimer's Hufb.
Mo'wer. n.f. [from mow.] One who cuts with a fcythe.
Set mow.ers a mowing, where medow is grown. Puffer.
The ftrawy Greeks, ripe for his edge.
Fall down before him like the monger's fwath. Shakefp.
All elfe cut off.
As Tarquin did the poppy-heads, or mowers
A field of thiftles. Benj. Jobnfon's Catiline.
Mowers and reapers, who fpend the moil part of the hot
Summer days expofed to the fun, have the {kin of their hands
of a darker.colour than before. Boyle.
Mo'xa. n.f. An Indian mofs, ufed in the cure of the gout
by burning it on the part aggrieved. Pemple.
Mo'yle. n.f. A mule; an animal generated between the
horfe and the afs.
Ordinary hulbandmen ftiould quit breeding of horfes, and
betake themfelves to moyles; a beaft which will fare hardly,
live very long, draw indifferently well, carry great burthens,
and hath alfo a pace fwift and eal’y enough. Carew.
’Twould tempt a moyle to fury. May.
Much. adj. [mycker, Swedifh; mucho, Spanilh.] Large i>n
quantity ; long in timemany in number.
Let us know
If ’twill tie up thy difcontented {word,
And carry back to Sicily much tall youth.
That clfe muft perifh here. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra,
Thou {halt carry much feed out, and {halt gather but little
in ; for the locuft lha.ll confume it. Deut. xxiv. 38.
I am well ferved, to take fo much pains for one refolved to
make away with himfelf. L'EJirange.
You
M U C M U C
prcffed for the fea-fervice, and got off with
Swift's Rules to Servants.
You were
much ado.
Much. adv.
I.In a great degree; by far.
Ifaac, thou art much mightier than we. Gen. xxvl. 16.
Excellent fpeech becometh not a fool, much lefs do lying
lips a prince. Pm/, xvii. 17.
We have had fathers of our flefh which corre&ed us, and
we gave them reverence; fhall we not much rather be in fubje&ion unto the Father of fpirits, and live ? Heb. xii. 9.
If they efcaped not who refufed him that fpoke on earth,
much more fhall not we efcape, if we turn away from him
that lpeaketh from heaven. Heb. xii. 25.
Somewhat aw’d, I (hook with holy fear.
Yet not fo much but that I noted well
Who did the moll in fong and dance excel. Dryden.
2. To a certain degree.
He charged them that they fhould tell no man : but the
more he charged them, fo much the more a great deal they
publifhed it. Mark vii. 36.
3. To a great degree.
So fpake, fo wifh’d much humbled Eve, but fate
Subfcrib’d not. Milt.
To thee thy much-zPEiditd mother flies.
And on thy fuccour and thy faith relies. Dryden.
Your much-lov'd fleet fhall foon
Befiege the petty monarchs of the land. Dryden,
If his rules of reafon be not better than his rules for health,
he is not like to be much followed. Baker's Ref. on Learning.
Oh much experienc’d man ! Pope's OdyJJ'ey.
Sad from my natal hour my days have ran,
A much afflicted, much enduring man. Rope's Odyjfey.
3. Often, or long.
You pine, you languifh, love to be alone,
Think much, fpeak little, and in fpeaking, figh. Dryden.
Homer fhall laft, like Alexander, long.
As much recorded, and as often fung. Granville.
4. Nearly.
All left the world much as they found it, ever unquiet, fubje£l to changes and revolutions. Temple.
Much, n.f
1. A great deal; multitude in number; abundance in quan¬
tity, l
They gathered againft Mofes and Aaron, and faid, Ye
take too tnuch upon you. Mum. xvi. 3*
Nor grudge I thee the much the Grecians give,
Nor murm’ring take the little I receive. Dryden's Iliad.
They have tnuch of the poetry of Mecaenas, but little of
his liberality. Dryden's Pref. to Allfor Love.
The fate of love is fuch,
That ftill it fees too little or too much. Dryden.
Much fuff’ring heroes next their honours claim ;
Thofe of lefs noify and lefs guilty fame.
Fair virtue’s lilent train. Pope's Temple of Fame.
2. More than enough ; a heavy fervice or burthen.
Thou think’ll it much to tread the ooze
Of the fait deep. Shakefpeare's Tempejl.
He thought not much to clothe his enemies. Milton.
This gracious adl the ladies all approve.
Who thought it much a man fhould die for love,
And with their miflrefs join’d in clofe debate. Dryden.
3. Any aflignable quantity or degree.
The waters covered the chariots and horfemen ; there re¬
mained not fo much as one. Exod. xiv. 28.
We will cut wood out of Lebanon as tnuch as thou fhalt
neecl# 2 Chron. ii. 16*
The matter of the univerfe was created before the flood;
and if any more was created, then there mull be as much an¬
nihilated to make room for it. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Who is there of whom we can with any rational affurance,
or perhaps fo much as likelihood, affirm, here is a man whofe
nature is renewed, whofe heart is changed. South's Sermons.
4. An uncommon thing ; fomething flrange.
It was much that one that was fo great a lover of peace
fhould be happy in war. Bacon's Henry VII*
It is much, if men were from eternity, that they fhould not
find out the way of writing all that long duration which had
pafl before that time. Tillotfon's Sermons»
5. To make Much of. To treat with regard ; to fondle; to
pamper.
Though he knew his difeourfe was to entertain him from
a more flreight parley, yet he durfl not but kifs his rod, and
gladly make much of that entertainment which fhe allotted
unto him. Sidney, b. ii*
The king undemanding of their adventure, fuddenly falls
to take a pride in making much of them, extolling them with
infinite praifes. Sidney, b. ii.
When thou cameft firft,
Thou flroak’d’fl, and mad’ft much of me ; and would’ft
Much at one. Of equal value; of equal Influence.
Then prayers are vaiil as turfes, tnuch at ofie
In a flave’s mouth, againft a monarch’s pow’r. Dryden.
Mu'chwhat. adv. [much and what.] Nearly.
The motion being conveyed from the brain of man to the
fancy of another, it is there received ; and the fame kind of
firings being moved, and muchwhat after the fame manner as
in the firft imaginant; Glanvillc's Seep. c. 24.
The bignefs of her body and bill; as likewife the form of
them, is muchwhat as fwallows. More's Antidote ag. Atheifm.
If we will difbelieve every thing, becaufe we cannot cer¬
tainly know all things, we fhall do muchwhat as wifely as he
who would not ufe his legs becaufe he had no wnngs to fly.
Locke.
Unlefs he Can prove caelibatum a man or a woman, this
Latin will be muchwhat the fame with a folecifm. Atterlury.
Mu'chel. adj. for muckle or mickle-, [mycel, Saxon.] Much.
He had in arms abroad won muchel fame.
And fill’d far lands with glory of his might. Fairy Ffueen.
MU'CID. n.f. [mucidus, Lat* mucre, Fr.] Slimy; mufty.
Mu'cidness. n.f [from mucid.] Sliminefs; muftinefs. Ainf.
MU'CILAGE. n.f. [mucilage, French.] A flimy or vifeous
body ; a body with moifture fufficient to hold it together.
Diffolution of gum tragacanth, and oil of lweet almonds,
do commingle, the oil remaining on the top till they be
ftirred, and make the mucilage fomewhat more liquid. Bacon;
Your alaternus feed move with a broom, that the feeds clog
not together, unlefs you will feparate it from the mucilage,
for then you muft a little bruife it wet. Evelyn.
Both the ingredients improve one another; for the mucilage
adds to the lubricity of the oil, and the oil preferves the mu¬
cilage from infpiffation. Ray on the Creations
Mucila'ginous. adj. [mucilagineux, French, from mucilage.]
Slimy; vifeous; foft with fome degree of tenacity.
There is a twofold liquor prepared for the inunction and
lubrification of the heads or ends of the bones : an oily one,
furnifhed by the marrow; and a mucilaginous, fupplied by
certain glandules feated in the articulations. Ray on Creation.
There is a fort of magnetifm in all, npt mucilaginous but
refinous gums, even in common rofin. Grew's Cofmol.
Mucila'ginous glands.
Mucilaginous glands are of two forts ; fome are fmall, and
in a manner milliary glands, becaufe glandules are placed all
upon the fame furface of the membranes which lie over the
articulations ; the ether fort are conglomerated, or many
glandules colle&ed and planted one upon another, fo as to
make a bulk appear confpicuoufly. PJuincy.
Mucila'ginousness. n.f. [from mucilaginous.Sliminefs $
vifeofity.
Muck. n.f. [meox, Saxon; myer, Iflandick.]
I. Dung for manure of grounds.
Hale out thy mucke, and plow out thy ground. Tujfer.
It is ufual to help the ground with muck, and likewife to
recomfort with muck put to the roots; but to water it with
muck water, which is iike to be more forcible, is not practifed. Bacon's Nat. HiJl. N°. 403*
The fwine may fee the pearl, which yet he values but
with the ordinary muck. Glanville’s Apology*
give me
Water with berries in’t* Shakefpeare's Tempejl.
There are, who
Rich foreign mold, on their ill-natur’d land
Induce laborious, and with fat’ning muck
Befmear the roots* Philips,
Morning infedls that in mtick begun.
Shine, buzz and fly-blow in the letting fun. Pope.
2. Any thing low, mean, and filthy.
Reward of worldly muck doth foully blend;
And low abafe the high heroick fpirit
Thatjoys for Crowns* Fairy Shieen, b. ii.
3. To run a Muck, fignifies, I know not from what deriva¬
tion, to run madly and attack all that we meet.
Frontlefs and fatire-proof he fcow’rs the ftreets,
And runs an Indian muck at all he meets. Dryden*
Satire’s my weapon, but I am too difereet
To run a muck, and tilt at all I meet. Pope's Horace.
To Muck. v. a. [from the noun.] To manure with muck ;
to dung.
Thy garden plot lately wel trenched and muckt
Would how be twifallowed* Tujfer.
Mu'ckender. n.f [mouchoir, French; mocadero, Spanifh ;
mucciniurn, low Latin.] A handkerchief.
For thy dull fancy a muckender is fit,
To wipe the flabberings of thy fnotty wit. Dorft.
To Mu'cker. v. n. [from muck.] To fcramble for money ; to
hoard up ; to get or fave meanly : a word ufed by Chaucer,
and ftill retained in converfation.
Mu'ckerer. n.f. [from mucker.] One that muckers.
Mu'cKHILL. n.f [muck-and hill.] A dunghll.
Old Euclio in Plautus, as he went from home, feeing a
crowferat upon the muck-hill, returned in all hafte, taking
it for an ill fign his money was digged up. Burton.
Mu'ckiness.
MUD MUF
Mu'ckiness'. n. f. [from jnucky.] Naftinefs; filth.
Mu'ckle. adj. [mycel, Saxon.] Much.
Mu'cksweat. n.f. [muck and fweat: in this low word, muck
fignifies wet, moift.] Profufe fweat.
Mu'ckworm. n.f. [muck and worm.]
1. A worm that lives in dung.
2. Amifer; a curmudgeon.
Worms fuit all conditions;
Mifers are muckworms, filkworms beaus.
And death-watches phyficians. Swift's Mifcel,
Mu'cky. adj. [from muck.] Nafty; filthy.
Mucky filth his branching arms annoys.
And with uncomely weeds the gerltle wave acclbys.
Fairy Queen,
Mu'eous. adj. [mucofus, Latin.] Slimy; vifcous.
The falamander being cold in the fourth, and moift in the
third degree, and having alfo a mucous humidity above and
under the fkin, may a while endure the flame. Brown.
About thefe the nerves and other veflels make a fine web,
covered over with a mucous fubftance, to moiften thefe pa¬
pillae pyramidales. Cheyne's Philofophical Principles.
Mu'cousness. n.f. [from mucous.] Slime; vifcolity.
MUCRO. n.f. [Latin.] A point.
The mucro or point of the heart inclineth unto the left,
by this pofition it giving way unto the afcenfion of the mid¬
riff Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
Mu'cronated. n.f. [mucro, Latin.] Narrowed to a (harp
point.
Gems are here fhot into cubes confifting of fix fides, and
mucronated or terminating in a point. Woodward.
Mu'culent. adj. [from mucus, Lat.] Vifcous; flimy. Dit1.
MUCUS. n.f. [Latin.] Is moft properly ufed for that which
flows from the papillary procefles through the os cribriforme
into the noftrils; but it is alfo ufed for any flimy liquor or
moifture, as that which daubs over and guards the bowels
and all the chief paflages in the body; and it is feparated by
the mucilaginous glands. Quincy.
In the a#ion of chewing, the mucus mixeth with the ali¬
ment: the mucus is an humour different from the fpittle, and
the great quantity of air which it contains helps to diflolve
the aliment. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
MUD. n.f. [madder, Dutch.] The flime and uliginous matter
at the bottom of ftill water.
The pureft fpring is not fo free from mud.
As I am clear from treafon. Sbakefp. Henry VI. p. iii,
Water in mud doth putrefy, as not able to preferve itfelf.
Bacon's Nat. Hift. N°. 696.
The channel was dried up, and the fifh left dead and flick¬
ing in the mud. L'Efrange.
The force of th&fluid will feparate the fmalleft particles,
fo as to leave vadaptinterftices, which will be again filled up
by particles carried on by the fucceeding fluid, as a bank by
the mud of the current, which muff: be reduced to that figure
which gives leaft refiftance to the current. Arbuthnot.
A fountain in a darkfome wood.
Nor ftarn’d with falling leaves nor fifing mud. Addifon.
To Mud. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To bury in the flime or mud.
I wifh
Myfelf were mudded in that oozy bed.
Where my fon lies. Sbakefpeare's Tempef.
2. To make turbid; to pollute with dirt; to dafh with dirt;
to fowl by ftirring up the fediment.
I fhall not ftir in the waters which have been already mud¬
ded by fo many contentious enquiries. Glanville's Seep.
Mu'ddily. adv. [from muddy.] Turbidly; with foul mix¬
ture.
Lucilius writ not only Ioofely and muddily, with little art,
and much lefs care, but alfo in a time which was not yet
fufficiently purged from barbarifm. Dryden.
Mu'ddiness. n.f. [from muddy.] Turbidnefs; foulnefs caufed
by mud, dregs, or fediment.
Our next ftage brought us to the mouth of the Tiber: the
feafon of the year, the muddinefs of the ftream, with the
many green trees hanging over it, put me in mind of the de¬
lightful image that Virgil has given when ./Eneas took the
firft view of it. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Turn the bottle upfide down ; by this means you will not
lofe one drop, and the froth will conceal the muddinefs. Sw.
To Mu'ddle. v. a. [from mud.]
1. To make turbid ; to foul; to make muddy.
The neighbourhood told him, he did ill to muddle the wa¬
ter and fpoil the drink. L'Efrange's Fables.
Yet let the goddefs fmile or frown,
Bread we fhall eat, or white or brown ;
And in a cottage, or a court,
Drink fine champagne, or muddl'd port. Prior.
2. To make half drunk ; to cloud or ftupify.
I was for five years often drunk, always muddled; they
carried me from tavern to tavern. Arbuth. H'rJl. of J. Bull.
Epicurus feems to have had his brains fo muddled and con¬
founded, that he fcarce ever kept in the right way, though
the main fnaxim of his philofophy Was to truft to his, fenfes,
and follow his nofe. Bentley s Sermonsc
Mu'ddy. adj. [from mud.]
1. Turbid ; foul with mud.
A woman mov’d is like a fountain troubled,
Muddy, ill-feeming, thick, bereft of beauty. Sbakefpeare.
Her garments, heavy with their drink.
Pull’d the poor wretch from her melodious lay
To muddy death. * Sbakefpeare s Hamlet.
Carry it among the whitfters in Datchet mead, and there
empty it in the muddy ditch clofe by the 1 hames. Sbakefp.
Who can a pure and cryftal current bring
From fuch a muddy and polluted fpring ? Sandys's Paraph.
I ftrove in vain th’ infedled blood to cure.
Streams will run muddy where the fpring’s impure. Rofcom.
Till by the fury of the ftorm full blown,
The muddy bottom o’er the clouds is thrown. Drydeztj.
Out of the true fountains of fcicnce painters and ftatuarieS
are bound to draw, without amufing themfelves with dipping
in ftreams which are often muddy, at leaft troubled ; I mean
the manner of their mafters after whom they creep. Dryden.
2. Impure; dark ; grofs.
There’s not the fmalleft orb which thou behold’ft.
But in his motion like an angel fings,
• Still quiring to the young ey’d cherubims;
Such harmony is in immortal founds;
But whilft this fnuddy vefture of decay
Doth grofly clofe us in, we cannot hear it. Sbakefpeare.
If you chufe, for the compofition of fuch ointment, fuch
ingredients as do make the fpirits a little more grofs or muddy,
thereby the imagination will fix the better. Bacon.
2. A bird fo called. Ainf.
3. Soiled with mud.
His paffengers
Expos’d in muddy weeds, upon the miry fhore. Dryden,
4. Dark ; not bright.
The black
A more inferior ftation feeks,
Leaving the fiery red behind.
And mingles in her muddy cheeks. Swiffs Mifcel*
5. Cloudy; dull.
Do’ft think I am fo muddy, fo trafettl’d;
To appoint myfelf in this Vexation. Sbak. Winter's Tale*
Yet I,
A dull and muddy mettled rafeal, peak,
Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my caufe.
And can fay nothing. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
To Mu'ddy. v. a. [from mud.] To make muddy; to cloud j
to difturb.
The people muddied
Thick and unwholefome in their thoughts and whifpers.
Sbakefpeare's Hamlet.
Excefs, either with an apoplexy, knocks a man on the
head; or with a fever, like fire in a ftrong-water-fhop, burns
him down to the ground; or if it flames not out, charks him
to a coal; muddies the beft wit, and makes it only to flutter
and froth high. Grew's Cofmol. b. iii,
Mu'dsucker. n.f [mud and fuck.] A fea fowl.
In all water-fowl, their legs and feet correfpond to that
way of life; and in mudfuckers, two of the toes are fomewhatjoined, that they may not eafily fink. Derham.
Mudwa'll. n.f. [mud and wall.]
1. A wall built without mortar, by throwing up mud and fuffering it to dry.
If confcience contra# ruft or foil, a man may as well expe# to fee his face in a mudwall, as that fuch a confcience
ftiould give him a true report of his condition. South's Serm.
2. A bird fo called.
Mudwa'lled. adj. [mud and wall.] Having a mudwall.
As folks from mudwall'd tenement
Bring landlords pepper-corn for rent;
Prefent a turkey, or a hen,
To thofe might better fpare them ten.
ToMue. v. a. [muer, Fr.] To moult; to change feathers
Muff. n.f. [muff, Swedifti.] A foft cover for the hands
Winter.
Ainf,
Prior.
m
Feel but the difference foft and rough.
This a gantlet, that a muff. Cleaveland.
What! no more favours, not a ribbon more,
Not fan, not muff. Suckling.
The lady of the fpotted muff began. Dryden.
A child that ftands in the dark upon his mother’s muff, fays
he ftands upon fomething, he knows not what. Locke.
To Mu'ffle. v. a. [from moufle, French, a winter glove.]
1. To cover from the weather.
His muffled feature fpeaks him a reclufe,
His ruins prove him a religious houfe. Cleaveland.
You mull be muffled up like ladies. Dryden.
The face lies muffled up within the garment. Addifon.
2. To blindfold.
Alas that love, whofe view is muffled ftill,
Should without eyes fee pathways to his ill. Sbakefpeare.
We’ve
M U L
We’ve caught the woodcock, and will keep him mufSbakefp. dll's well that ends well.
Our underftandings lie grovelling in this lower region, muffied up in mills and darknefs. Glanville's Seep.
' Lofs of light is the mifery of life, and ufually the forerun¬
ner of death : when the malefactor comes once to be muffled,
and the fatal cloth drawn over his eyes, we know that he is
not far from his execution. South's Sermons.
Bright Lucifer
That night his heav’nly form obfeur’d with tears ;
And lince he was forbid to leave the Ikies,
He muffled with a cloud his mournful eyes. Drydcn.
One muffled up in the infallibility of his feet, will not en¬
ter into debate with a perfon that will queftion any of thofe
things which to him are facred. Locke.
To conceal; to involve.
This is one of the ftrongeft examples of a perfonation that
ever was : although the king’s manner of Ihewing things bypieces, and by dark lights, hath fo tmrffled it, that it hath leit
it almoft as a myftery. Bacon's Henry VII.
No muffling clouds, nor fhades infernal, can
From his inquiry hide offending man. Sandys's Paraph.
The thoughts of kings are like religious groves,
The walks of muffled gods. Dryden’s Don Sebaflian.
They were in former ages muffled up in darknefs and fuper-
^jtjon> Arbuthnot's Hijl. of John Bull.
To Mu'ffle. v. n. [maffelen, mofflelen, Dutch.] To fpeak
inwardly ; to fpeak without clear and diftincl articulation.
The freedom or apertnefs and vigour of pronouncing, as
in the Bocca Romana, and giving fomewhat more of afpiration ; and the clofenefs and muffling, and lazinefs of fpeaking, render the found of fpeech different. Holder.
Mu'ffler. n. f. [from muffle.']
1. A cover for the face.
Fortune is painted with a muffler before her eyes, to fignify to you that fortune is blind. Shakejp. Henry V.
Mr. Hales has found out the beft expedients for preventing
immediate fuffocation from tainted air, by breathing through
mufflers which imbibe thefe vapours. Arbuthnot on Air.
2. A part of a woman’s drefs by which the face was covered.
There is-no woman’s gown big enough for him; otherwife he might put on a hat, a muffler, and a handkerchief,
and fo efcape. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
The Lord will take away your tinkling ornaments, chains,
bracelets, and mufflers. Iffl. iii. 19.
Mufti, n.f [a Turkifh word.] The high prieft of the Ma¬
hometans.
MUG. n.f. [Skinner derives it from mwgl, Welfh, warm.]
A cup to drink in.
Ah Bowzybee, why didft thou ftay fo long ?
The mugs were large, the drink was wond’rous ftrong.
Gay.
Mu'ggy. Tv fA cant word.] Moift ; damp; mouldy.
Mu'ggish. )
Cover with Hones, or muggy ftraw, to keep it moift.
Mortimer's Hufbandry.
JidukjHOUSE. n.f. [mug and houfe.] An alehoufe ; a low houie
of entertainment, j
Our fex has dar’d the jnughoitfe chiefs to meet.
And purchas’d fame in many a well fought ftreet. Tickell.
Mu'gient. adj. [imgiens, Latin.] Bellowing.
That a bittern maketh that mugient noife or bumping, by
putting its bill into a reed, or by putting the fame in water
or mud, and after a while retaining the air, but fuddenly ex¬
cluding it again, is not eafily made out. Brown.
Mu'gwort. n.f [mujpyjvc, Saxon; artemifm, Lat.]
The flowers and fruit of the ihugwort are very like thofe
of the wormwood, but grow eredt upon the branches t the
flowers are of a purplifh colour, and the leaves terminate in
(harp points cut into many fegments ; they are of a dark green
on the upper fide, and hoary on the under fide. Miller.
Some of the moft common ftmples with us in England are
comfry, bugle, Paul’s-betony, and mugwort. Wifeman.
MULA'TTO. n.f. [Spanifh ; mulat, French, from mulus, Lat.]
One begot between a white and a black, as a mule between
different fpeeies of animals.
Mu'lberio. \n.f. [monbemx, Saxon; morus, Lat.]
Mu'lbeRRY tree. S 0 -
The mulberry tree hath large, rough, roundifh leaves; the
male flowers, or katkins, which have a calyx confifting of
four leaves, arc fometimes produced upon feparate trees, at
other times at remote diftances from the fruit on the fame
tree • the fruit is compofed of feveral protuberances, to each
of which adhere four fmall leaves; the feeds are roundifh,
growing lingly in each protuberance ; it is planted for the de¬
licacy of the fruit. The white mulberry is commonly culti¬
vated for its leaves to feed filkworms, in France and Italy
though the Periians always make ufe of the common black
mulberry for that purpofe. Miller.
Morton, archbUhop of Canterbury, was content to ufe
M U L
mor upon a tun ; and fometimes a mulberry tree, called morus
in Latin, out of a tun. Camden's Remains.
The ripeft mulberry.
That will not hold the handling. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
A body black, round, with fmall grain like tubercles oh
the furface ; not very unlike a mulberry. Woodward's Fcffils.
Mulct, n.f. [multia, Latin.] A fine; a penalty: ufed com¬
monly of pecuniary penalty.
Becaufe this is a great part, and Eufebius hath yet faid
nothing, we will, by way of multi or pain, lay it upon him.
Bacon's holy War.
Look humble upward, fee his will difclofe
The forfeit firft, and then the fine impofe;
A multi thy poverty could never pay,
Had not eternal wifdom found the way. Dryden.
To Mulct, v. a. [multio, Lat. multier, Fr.] To punifh with
fine or forfeiture.
Marriage without confent of parents they do not make
void, buTthey multi it in the inheritors; for the children of
fuch marriages are not admitted to inherit above a third part
of their parents inheritance. Bacon's New Atlantis.
Mule, n.f [mule, mulet, Fr. mula% Latin.] An animal gene¬
rated between a he afs and a mare, or fometimes between a
horfe and a fire afs.
You have among you many a purchas’d Have,
Which, like your affes, and your dogs, and mules-.
You ufe in abjedft and in flavifh part. Shakefpeare.
Five hundred affes yearly took the horfe,
Producing mules of greater fpeed and force. Sandys.
Thofe effluvia in the male feed have the greateft ftroke in
generation, as is demonftrable in a mule, which doth more
refemble the parent, that is, the afs, than the female. Ray.
Twelve young mules, a ftrong laborious race. Pope.
Mulete'er. n.f. £muletier, Fr. mulio, Lat] Mule-driver;
horfe-boy. v
Bafe muleteers,
Like peafant foot-boys, do they keep the walls.
And dare not take up arms like gentlemen. Shakefpeare.
Your fhips are not well mann’d.
Your mariners are muleteers, reapers. Shakefpeare.
Muliebrity, n.f. [muliebris, Lat.] Womanhood; the con¬
trary to virility; the manners and character of woman.
To Mull. v. a. [mollitus, Latin.]
1. To foften and difpirit, as wine is when burnt and fweetened. Hanmer.
Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargy
Mull'd, deaf, fleepy, infenfible. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
2. To heat any liquor, and fweeten and fpice it.
Drink new cyder mull'd, with ginger warm. Gay.
Mu'llar. n.f. [moulcur, French.] A ftone held in the hand
with which any powder is ground upon a horizotal ftone. It
is now often called improperly mullet.
The beft grinder is the porphyry, white or green marble,
with a mullar or upper ftone of the fame, cut very even
without flaws or holes ; you may make a mullar alfo of a flat
pebble, by grinding it fmooth at a grind-ftone. Peacham.
Mulle'in. n.f. [verbafeum, Lat.] A plant.
The flower of the mullein cpnfifts of one leaf, which ex¬
pands in a circular form, and is ciit into feveral fegments ; out
of the centre arifes the pointal, which afterward becomes an
oval-pointed fruit, divided into two cells by a middle parti¬
tion filled with fmall angular feeds. Miller.
Mu'llet. n.f. [fhullus, Lat. fnulet, Fr.] A fea fifli.
Of carps and mullets why prefer the great ?
Yet for fmall turbots fuch efteem profefs. Pope's Horace.
Mull'grubs. n.f. Twilling of the guts^ Ainf.
Mu'llock. n.f. Rubbilh. Ainf.
Mulse. n.f. Wine boiled and mingled with honey. Diti.
Multangular, [multus and angulus, Lat.] Many corner¬
ed ; having many corners; polygonal.
Multa^ngularly. adv. [from multangular.] Polygonally;
with many corners.
Granates are multahguldrly round. Grecu's Cofmol. b. i.
Multa ngularness. [from multangular.'] The ftate of being
polygonal, or having many cofnefs.
Multica'psular. adj. [multUs and capfula, Latin.] Divided
into many partitions or cells. Diti.
Multica'vous. adj. [multus and caviis, Lat.] Full bf holes.
Diti.
Multifarious, adj. [multifarius, Lat.] Having^great mul¬
tiplicity; having different refpeds; having great diverfity in
itfelf. .
There is a multifarious artifice in the ftrubture of the
meaneft animal. < More's Divine Dialogues.
When we confider this fo multifarious congruity of things
in reference to ourfelves, how can we with-hold from infer¬
ring, that that which made both dogs and ducks made them
with a reference to us ? More's Antidotes again]} Atheifm.
His fcience is not moved by the gulls of fancy - and hu¬
mour, which blow up and doWn the multifarious opinionifls.
Qlanvillt to Albius.
16 Y We
M U L
We Could not think of a more Comprehenfive expedient,
whereby to aflift the frail and torpent memory through fo
multifarious and numerous an employment. Evelyn's Kalend.
Multifa'riously. adv. [from multifarious.] With multi¬
plicity.
If only twenty-four parts may be fo multifarioujly placed,
as to make many millions of millions of differing rows : in
the fuppofition of a thoufand parts, how immenfe mull that
capacity of variation be ? Bentley's Sermons.
Multifa'riousness. n.f [from multifarious.] Multiplied
diverfity.
According to the multifarioufnefs of this instability, fo are
the poflibilities of being. Norris's Mifcel.
Multi'fidous. adj. [multifdus, Latin.] Having many parti¬
tions ; cleft into many branches.
Thefe animals are only excluded without fight which are
multiparous and multifidous, which have many at a litter,
and have feet divided into many portions. Brown.
Mu'ltiform. adj. [multiformis, Lat.] Having various fhapes
or appearances.
Ye that in quaterion run
Perpetual circle, multiform. Milton.
The bell way to convince is proving, by ocular demonftration, the multiform and amazing operations of the airpump and the load-ftone. Watts.
Multifo'rmity. n.f [multiformis, Lat.] Diverfity of fhapes
or appearances fubfifting in the fame thing.
Multilateral, adj. [multus and lateralis, Latin.] Having
many fides. Diet.
Multi'loquous. adj. [multiloquus, Latin.] Very talkative.
Difi.
Multino'minal. adj. [multus and nomen, Lat.] Having many
names. DiSi.
Multi'parous. n.f. [multiparus, Lat.] Bringing many at a
birth.
Double formations do often happen to multiparous genera¬
tions, more efpecially that of ferpents, whofe conceptions be¬
ing numerous, and their eggs in chains, they may unite into
various fhapes, and come out in mixed formations. Brown.
Animals feeble and timorous are generally multiparous;
or if they bring forth but few at once, as pigeons, they compenfate that by their often breeding. Ray on the Creation.
Multipe'de. n.f. •[multipeda, Latin.] An infedt with many
feet; a fow or wood-loufe. Bailey.
Mu'ltiple. adj. [multiplex, Latin.] A term in arithmetick,
when one number contains another feveral times : as, nine
is the multiple of three, containing it three times. Manifold.
Mu'ltipliable. adj. [multipliable, Fr. from multiply.] Ca¬
pable to be multiplied.
Multipli'ableness. n.f. [from multipliable.] Capacity of
being multiplied.
Multiplica'ble. adj. [from multiplico, Latin.] Capable of
being arithmetically multiplied.
Multiplicand, n.f. [multiplicands, Latin.] The number
to be multiplied in arithmetick.
Multiplication hath the multiplicand, or number to be mulplied ; the multiplier, or number given, by which the multi¬
plicand is to be multiplied, and the product, or number pro¬
duced by the other two. Cocker's Arithmetick.
Multiplica'te. n. f. [from multiplico, Latin.] Confifting of
more than one.
In this multiplicate number of the eye, the objedt feen is
not multiplied, and appears but one, though feen with two
or more eyes. Dcrham's Bhyfico-Theol.
Multiplication, n.f. [multiplication, Fr. multiplicatio, Lat.]
1. The adt of multiplying or increafing any number by addi¬
tion or production of more of the fame kind.
Although they had divers fliles for God, yet under many
appellations they acknowledged one divinity; rather conceiving
thereby the evidence or adls of his power in feveral ways
than a multiplication of effence, or real diftradtions of unity
in any one. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
2. [In arithmetick.]
Multiplication is the increafing of any one number by an¬
other, fo often as there are units in that number, by which
the one is increafed. Cocker's Arithmetick.
A man had need be a good arithmetician to underftand
this author’s works: his defcription runs on like a multiplica¬
tion table. Addifon on ancient Medals.
Multiplica'toR. n.f. [multiplicateur, Fr. from multiplico,
Lat.] The number by which another number is multiplied.
Multilpi'city. n.f. [multiplicity French.]
i. More than one of the fame kind.
Had they difeourfed rightly but upon this one principle,
that God was a being infinitely pcrfedl, they could never
have afferted a multiplicity of gods : for, can one God include
in him all perfection, and another God include in him all
perfections too ? Can there be any more than all ? And if this
all be in one, can it be alfo in another ? South's Sermons.
Company, he thinks, leflens the lhame of vice, by fharing
it; and abates the torrent of a common odium, by deriving
M U L
it into many channels; and therefore if he cannot wholly
avoid the eye of the obferver, he hopes to diffract.it at leaft
by a multiplicity of the objedt. South s Sermons.
2. State of being many. _
You equal Donne in the variety, multiplicity, and choice
of thoughts. Dryden s Dedication to Juvenal.
Multipli'cious. n.f. [multiplex, Latin.] Manifold. Not
ufed.
Amphifbaena is not an animal of one denomination; for
properly that animal is not one, but multiplicious or many,
which hath a duplicity or gemination of principal parts.
Brown.
Multiplier, n.f. [from multiply.]
1. One who multiplies or increafes the number of any thing.
Broils and quarrels are alone the great accumulators and
multipliers of injuries. Decay of Piety.
2. The multiplicator in arithmetick.
Multiplication hath the multiplicand, the multiplier, or
number given, by which the multiplicand is to be multiplied. Cocker's Arithmetick.
To MULTIPLY, v. a. [multiplier, Fr. multiplico, Lat.]
1. To increafe in number; to make more by generation, ac¬
cumulation, or addition.
He clappeth his hands amongft us, and multiplicth his words
againft God. Jfh xxxiv. 37*
He fhall not multiply horfes. Deut. xvii. 16.
His birth to our juft fear gave no fmall caufe.
But his growth now to youth’s full flower difplaying
All virtue, grace, and wifdom, to atchieve
Things higheft, greateft, multiplies my fears. Milton.
2. To perform the procefs of arithmetical multiplication.
From one ftock of feven hundred years, multiplying ftill by
twenty, we fhall find the product to be one thoufand three
hundred forty-feven millions three hundred fixty-eight thou¬
fand four hundred and twenty. Brown s Vulgar Err. b. vi.
To Mu'ltiply. v. n.
1. To grow in number.
The multiplying brood of the ungodly fhall not thrive.
JVifd. iv. 3.
2. To increafe themfelves.
The multiplying villanies of nature
Do fwarm upon him. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
We fee the infinitely fruitful and productive power of this
way of finning; how it can increafe and multiply beyond all
bounds and meafures of actual commiflion. South's Sermons.
Multi'potent. adj. [multus and potens,Lat.~\ Having mani¬
fold power ; having power to do many different things.
By Jove multipotent,
Thou fhould’ft not bear from me a Greekifh member.
Shakefpeare's Troil. and Crejftda.
Multipre'sence. n.f [multus and profentia, Latin.] The
power or a<t of being prefent in more places than one at the
lame time.
This fleevelefs tale of tranfubftantiation was furely brought
into the world, and upon the ftage, by that other fable of the
multiprefence of Chrift’s body. Hall.
Multi'scioUs. adj. [multijcius, Latin.] Having variety of
knowledge.
Multisili'quous. adj. [multus and filiqua, Lat.] The fame
with corniculate; ufed of plants, whofe feed is contained in
many diftindt feed-veffels. Baily.
Multi'sonous. adj. [multifonus, Lat.] Having many founds.
Diet.
MU'LTITUDE. n.f. [multitude, Fr. multitude, Lat.]
1. The ftate of being many ; the ftate of being more than one.
2. Number; many ; more than one.
It is impoflible that any multitude can be actually infinite,
or fo great that there cannot be a greater. Hale.
3. A great number; loofely and indefinitely.
It is a fault in a midtitude of preachers, that they utterly
negleift method in their harangues. Watts.
4. A crowd or throng ; the vulgar.
He the vaft hilling multitude admires. Addifon.
Multitu'dinous. adj. [from multitude.]
1. Having the appearance of a multitude.
Will all great Neptune’s ocean wafh this blood
Clean from my hand ? No, this my hand will rather
Thy multitudinous fea incarnardine.
Making the green one red. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
2. Manifold.
At once pluck out
The multitudinous tongue, let them not lick
The lweet that is their poifon. Shakefpeare.
Multi'vagant. 1 adj. [multivagus, Latin.] That wanders or
Multi'vagous. ) ftrays much abroad. Diet.
Multi'vious. adj. [multus and via, Lat.] Having many ways;
manifold. Dit7.
Multo'cular. adj. [multus and oculus, Latin.] Having moie
eyes than two.
Flics arc multocular, having as many eyes as there are per¬
forations in their corneze. Dcrham's Phyjico-Theolo^y.
2 Mum.
MUM
Mum. interjeSf. [Of this word I know not the original : it
may be obferved, that when it is pronounced it leaves the
lips clofed.J A word denoting prohibition to fpeak, or refolution not to fpeak ; filence ; hulh.
Mum then, and no more proceed. Shakefp. Tempefl.
Well faid, mafter; mum ! and gaze your fill. Shakefp.
The citizens are mum, fay not a word. Shak. Rich. III.
Intruft it under l'olemn vows
Of mum, and filence, and the rofe. Hudihras, p. iii.
Mum. n. f. [mumme, German.] Ale brewed with wheat.
In Shenibank, upon the river Elbe, is a florehoufe for the
wheat of which mum is made at Brunfwick. Mortimer.
Sedulous and flout
With bowls of fat’ning mum. Philips.
The clam’rous crowd is hufh’d with mugs of mum,
Till all tun’d equal fend a general hum. Pope.
To Mu'mble. v. n. [mompelen, Dutch ; mutio, Lat.]
x. To fpeak inwardly; to grumble; to mutter; to fpeak with
imperfedl found or articulation.
As one then in a dream, whofe drier brain
Is toil with troubled fights, and fancies weake
He mumbled foft, but would not all his filence break.
Fairy Kfueen, b. i.
Peace, you mumbling fool;
Utter your gravity o’er a gofiip’s bowl. Shakefpeare.
A wrinkled hag, with age grown double.
Picking dry flicks, and mumbling to herfelf. Otway.
2. To chew ; to bite foftly; to eat with the lips clofe.
The man, who laugh’d but once to fee an afs
Mumbling to make the grofs-grain’d thirties pafs.
Might laugh again to fee a jury chaw
The prickles of unpalateable law. Dryden.
To Mu'mble. v. a.
1. To utter with a low inarticulate voice.
Some carrytale, fome pleafeman, 'fome flight zany.
Some mumble-news ; told our intents before. Shakefpeare.
Here flood he in the dark,
Mumbling of wicked charms, conj’ring the moon
To Hand ’s aufpicious miftrefs. Sbakejp. King Lear.
He
With mumbl'd pray’rs attones the deity. Dryden's Juv.
2. To mouth gently.
Spaniels civilly delight
In mumbling of the game they dare not bite. Pope.
3. To flubber over; to fupprefs ; to utter imperfedlly.
The raifing of my rabble is an exploit of confequence ;
and not to be mumbled up in filence for all her pertnefs. Dry.
Mu'mbler. n.f. [from mumble.] One that fpeaks inarticu¬
lately ; a mutterer.
Mu'mblingly. adv. [from mumbling.] With inarticulate ut¬
terance.
To Mumm. v. a. [mumme, Danifh.] To mafk; to frolick in
difguife.
The thriftlefs games
With mumming and with mafking all around. Flubberd.
Mu'mmer. n.f. [mumme, Danifh.] A mafker; one who per¬
forms frolicks in a perfonated drefs.
If you chance to be pinch’d with the colick, you make
facCs like mumtners. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Jugglers and dancers, anticks, mummers. Milton.
I began to fmoke that they were a parcel of mummers* Add.
Peel’d, patch’d and pyebald, 1 infey-woolfey brothers;
Grave mummers! Pope's Dunciad, b. iii.
Mu'mmery. n.f. [momerie, French.] Mafking; frolick in
mafks ; foolery.
Here mirth’s but mummery,
And forrows only real be. !Vitton.
This open day-light doth not fhew the mafques and mum¬
meries, and triumphs of the world, half fo ftately as candle¬
light. Bacon's Nat. FUJI. N°. 1.
Your fathers
Difdain’d the mummery of foreign ftrollers. Fenton.
Mu'mmy. n.f. [mumie, Fr. mumia, Lat. derived by Salmafius
from amomum, by Bochart from the Arabick.]
I.A dead body preferved by the Egyptian art of embalming.
We have two different fubftances preferved for medicinal
ufe under the name of mummy: one is the dried flefh of hu¬
man bodies embalmed with myrrh and fpice ; the other is
the liquor running from fuch mummies when newly prepared,
or when artedled by great heat, or by damps : this is fometimes of a liquid, fometimes of a folid form, as it is preferved in vials well flopped, or luffered to dry and harden in
the air: the firrt kind is brought to us in large pieces, of a
lax and friable texture, light and fpungy, of a blackifh brown
colour, and often black and clammy on the furface; it is of
a flrong but not agreeable fmell: the fecond fort, in its
liquid Hate, is a thick, opake, and vifeous fluid, of a blackifh
and a flrong, but not difagreeable fmell: in its indurated
llate it is a dry, folid fubftance, of a fine fhining black co¬
lour and clofe texture, eafily broken, and of a good fmell :
this- fort is extremely dear, and the firrt fort fo cheap, that as
M U N
all kinds of mummy are brought from Egypt we are not to
imagine it to be the ancient Egyptian mummy. What out
druggifts arc fupplied with is the flefh of executed criminals,
or of any other bodies the Jews can get, who fill them with
the common bitumen fo plentiful in that part of the world,
and adding aloes, and fome other cheap ingredients, fend
them to be baked in an oven till the juices are exhaled, and
the embalming matter has penetrated fo thoroughly that the
flefh will keep. Mummy has been ertecined refolvent and
balfamick ; and befides it, the fkull, and even the mofs grow¬
ing on the fkulls of human fkcletons, have been celebrated
for antiepileptick virtues; the fat alfo of the human body has
been recommended in rheumatifms, and every other part or
humour have been in repute for the cure of fome difeafe: at
prefent we are wife enough to know, that the virtues aferibed
to the parts of the human body are all either imaginary, or
fuch as may be found in other animal fubftances : th& mummy
and the fkull alone of all thefe horrid medicines retain their
places in the fhops. Hill's Mat. Med.
The filk
Was dy’d in mummy, which the fkilful
Conferv’d of maidens hearts. Shakefp. Othello.
It is ftrange how long carcafes have continued uncorrupt,
as appeareth in the mummies of Egypt, having lafted fome of
them three thoufand years. Bacon's Nat. Hifi. N°. 771.
Sav’d by fpice, like mummies, many a year.
Old bodies of philofophy appear. Dunciad, b. i.
2. Mummy is ufed among gardeners for a fort of wax ufed in
the planting and grafting of trees. Chambers.
3. To beat to a Mummy. To beat foundly. Ainf.
To Mump. v. a. [mompelin, Dutch.]
1. To nibble; to bite quick; to chew with a continued mo¬
tion.
Let him not pry nor liften,
Nor frifk about the houle
Like a tame mumping fquirrel with a bell on. Otway.
2. To talk low and quick.
3. [In cant language.] To go a begging. Ainf.
Mu'mper. n.f. [In cant language.] A beggar.
Mumps, n.f. [mompelen, Dutch.] Sullennefs; filent anger.
Skinner.
Mumps, n.f. The fquinancy. Flinf
To Munch, v. a. [manger, French.] To chew by great mouth¬
fuls.
Say, fweet love, what thou defir’ft to eat ?
—Truly, a peck of provender; I could munch you good
dry oats. Shakefpeare's Midjummer Night’s Dream.
To Munch, v. n. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls.
It is the fon of a mare that’s broken loofe, and munching
upon the melons. Dryden s Don Sebafian.
Mu'ncher. n.f. [from munch.'] One that munches.
Mund. n.f.
Mund is peace, from which our lawyers call a breach of
the peace, mundbrech: fo Eadmund is happy peace ; iEthelmund, noble peace ; ^Edmund, all peace ; with which thefe
are much of the fame import: Irenaeus, Hefychius, Lenis,
Pacatus, Sedatus, Tranquillus, &c. Gibfon’s Camden.
Munda'ne. adj. [mundanus, Lat.] Belonging to the world.
The platonical hypothefis of a mundane foul will relieve
us. Glanvilie's Seep.
The atoms which now conftitute heaven and earth, being
once feparate in the mundane fpace, could never without God,
by their mechanical affedlions, have convened into this pre¬
fent frame of things. Bentley's Sermons.
Munda'tioN. n.f. [mundus, Lat.] The a£l of cleanfing.
Munda'tory. adj. [from mundus, Lat.] Having the power
to cleanfe.
Mu'ndick. n.f. A kind of marcafite or femimetal found in
tin mines.
When any metals were in confiderable quantity, thefe bo¬
dies lofe the name of marcafites, and are called ores: in
Cornwal and the Weft they call them mundick. Woodward.
Befides ftones, all the forts of mundick are naturally figur¬
ed. Grew's Cofnol. b. i.
Mundifica'tioN. n.f. [mundus andfacio, Latin.] Cleanfing
any body, as from drofs, or matter of inferior account to
what is to be cleanfed. ^uincy.
Mundi'ficative. adj. [mundus and facio, Lat.] Cleanfing;
having the power to cleanfe.
Gall is very mundificative, and was a proper medicine to
clear the eyes of Tobit. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
We incarned with an addition to the fore-mentioned mundicative. Wifeman's Surgery.
To MU'NDIFY. v. a. [mundus andfacio, Lat.] To cleanfe ;
to make clean.
Simple wounds, fuch as are mundified and kept clean, do
not need any other hand but that of nature. Brown.
The ingredients adluate the fpirits, abforb the inteftinal
fuperfluities, reclude oppilation, and mundify the blood.
Harvey on the Plague.
Mundi'vag ant.
MUR
MundiVAG ANT. adj. [mundivagus, Lat.J Wandering through
the world. Dift.
Mundu'ngus. n.f Stinking tobacco. Bailey.
Mu'nerary. adj. [fromtnunus, Lat.J Havingthe nature of a
gift.
Mu'ngrel. n.f. [frequently written mongrel. See Mongrel.]
Any thing generated between different kinds ; any thing par¬
taking of the qualities of different caufes or parents.
Maftiff, greyhound, mungrel grim.
Hound or fpaniel, brache or hym,
Or bobtail tike, or trundle tail. Shakefpi
Mu'ngrel. adj. Generated between different natures; bafe^
born; degenerate.
Thou art nothing but the compofition of a knave, beggar,
coward, pander, and the Ion and heir of a mungrel bitch.
Shakefp. King Lear.
My people are grown half wild, they would not precipitate
themfelves elfe into fuch a mixt mungrel war. Hoivel.
Mungrel curs bawl, fnarle and fnap, where the fox flieo
before them, and clap their tails between the legs when an
adverfary makes head againff them. L Ejlrange.
A foreign fon is fought and a mix’d mungrel brood. D y.
Municipal, adj. [municipal, Fr. municipalise municipium, Lat.]
Belonging to a corporation.
A counfellor, bred up in the knowledge of the municipal
and ftatute laws, may honeftly inform a juft prince how far
his prerogative extends. Dryden.
Muni'figence. n.f [munificence, Fr. munificentia, Lat.J Li¬
berality ; the aft of giving.
A ftate of poverty obfcures all the virtues of liberality and
munificence. , Addifion s Speblato?, N1^ 257 •
2. In Spcnfer it is ufed, as it feems, for fortification or ftrength,
from munitionesfacere.
Their importune fway
This land invaded with like violence.
Until that Locrine for his realms defence,
Did head againft them make, and ftrong munificencer.
Fairy fifteen, b. ii.
MUNIFICENT, adj. [munificus, Lat.J Liberal; genercus. _
Is he not our mod munificeut benefaftor, our wifeft coun¬
fellor and mod potent proteftor. Atterbury.
Munificently, adv. [from munificent.] Liberally; generoufly.
Mu'niment. n.f. [munimentum, Lat.J
1. Fortification ; ftrong hold.
2. Support; defence.
The arm our foldier.
Or deed the leg, the tongue our trumpeter ;
With other muniments and petty helps
In this our fabrick. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
To Muni'te. v. a. [munis, Lat.J To fortify; to ftrengthen.
A word not in ufe.
Heat doth attenuate, and the more grofs and tangible parts
contraft, both to avoid vacuum, and to munite themfelves
acrainft the force of the fire. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Men, in the procuring or muniting of religious unity, mud
not diffolve the laws of charity and human fociety. Bacon.
Munition, n.f [munition,Fr. munitio, Lat.J
1. Fortification ; ftrong hold.
Viftors under-pin their acquefts jure belli, that they might
not be loft by the continuation of external forces of ftanding
armies, caftles, garrifons, munitions. Hale.
2. Ammunition ; materials for war.
What penny hath Rome borne.
What men provided, what munition lent,
To underprop this aftion ? Shakefp. King John.
The king of Tripolie in every hold
Shut up his men, munition and his treafure. Fairfax.
It is a little city, ftrong and well ftored with munition.
Sandys's Journey.
Mu'nnion. n.f.
The upright pods, that divide the feveral lights in a win¬
dow frame, are called munnions. Moxon.
Murage, n.f [from murus, Lat.J Money paid to keep
walls in repair.
Mu'ral. adj. [muraUs, urus, Lat.J Pertaining to a wall.
And repair’d
Her mural breach, returning whence it rowl’d. Milton.
In the peftarine and the like delicate mural fruit, the later
your pruning, the better. Evelyn s Kalendar.
A foldier would venture his life for a mural crown. Addifi
MU'RDER. n.f. [mojvSoji, mopbeji, Sax. murdrum, law Lat.
the etymology requires that it fhould be written, as it an¬
ciently often was, murther; but of late the word itfelf has
commonly, and its derivatives univerfally, been written with
d.J The aft of killing a man unlawfully ; the aft of killing
criminally.
Kill men i’ th’ dark ! where be thcfe bloody thieves ?
Ho murder ! murder ! Shakefp. Othello.
Now witchcraft celebrates
Pale Hecate’s offerings ; and wither’d murder.
M U R
With Tarquin’s ravifhing ftrides, towards his. defign
Moves like a ghoft. MacbetL
Blood hath been filed ere now, i’ th’ olden time.
Ere human ftatute purg’d the general weal , ^
Ay, and fince too, murders have been perform d
Too terrible for th’ ear. . Shakefp. Macbeth.
Slaughter grows murder when it goes too far,
And makes a maffacre what was a war. cnA
The killin"- of their children had, in the account of God,
the guilt of murder, as the offering them to idols had the guilt
of idolatry. Locke*
To Mu'rder. v. a. [from the noun.J
1. To kill a man unlawfully.
If he dies, I murder him, not theyt Dryden*
2. To deftroy ; to put an end to.
Can’ft thou quake and change thy colour,
Murder thy breath in middle of a word.
And then again begin, and flop again, Shakefp,
Let the mutinous winds
Strike the proud cedars to the fiery fun ;
Murdring impoffibility, to make
What cannot be, flight work. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Mu'rderer. n.f. [from murder.] One who has Hied human
blood unlawfully ; one who has killed a man criminally..
Thou doft kill me with thy unkind falfehood, and it grieves
me not to die ; but it grieves me that thou art the murderer.^
Sidney, b. u.
I am his hoft* .
Who fhould againft his murd'rer Ihut the door.
Not bear the knife myfelf. Shakefp. Macbeth*
Thou tell’ft me there is murder in mine eyes ;
’Tis pretty fure,
That eyes, that are the frail’ft and fofteft things,
Who fhut their coward gates on atomies.
Should be call’d tyrants, butchers, murderers.- _ Shak.
The very horrour of the faft had ftupified all curiofity, and
fo difperfed the multitude, that even the murderer himfelf
might have efcaped. Wotton.
Like fome rich or mighty murderer,
Too great for prifon, which he breaks with gold.
Who frefher for new mifehiefs does appear.
And dares the world to tax him with the old. Dryden.
This ftranger having had a brother killed by the confpirator, and having till now fought in vain for an opportunity
of revenge, chanced to meet the murderer in the temple.
Addifon's Guardian, N °> 177.
With equal terrors, not with equal guilt.
The murderer dreams of all the blood he lpilt. Swift.
Mu'rderess. n.f. [from murderer.Awoman that commits
murder.
When by thy fcorn, O murdrefs ! I am dead.
Then fhall my ghoft come to thy bed.
And thee feign’d veftal in worfe arms fhall fee. Donne.
Diana’s vengeance on the viftor fhown,
The murd'refs mother, and confuming fon. Dryden.
Art thou the murd'refs then of wretched Laius. Dryden.
Murderment, n.f. [from murder.] The aft of killing un¬
lawfully.
To her came meffage of the murderment. Fairfax.
Mu'rderous. adj. [from murder.J Bloody; guilty of mur¬
der ; addifted to blood.
Upon thy eye-balls murdrous tyranny
Sits in grim majefty to fright the world. Shakefp.
Oh murd’rous coxcomb ! what fhould fuch a fool
Do with fo good a wife ? Sbakefpeare's Othello.
Enforc’d to fly
Thence into Egypt, till the murd'rous king
Were dead, who fought his life ; and miffing, fill’d
With infant blood the ftreets of Bethlehem. Milton.
If Ihe has deform’d this earthly life
With murd'rous rapine and fedifious ftrife ;
In everlafting darknefs muft fire lie. Prior.
Mure. n.f. [mur, Fr. murus, Lat.J A wall. Not in ufe.
The inceffant care and labour of his mind
Hath wrought the mure, that fhould confine it in,
So thin, that life looks through and will breakout. Shak.
To Mure. v. a. [murer, Fr. from murus, Lat.J To inclofe
in walls.
All the gates of the city were mured up, except fuch as
were referved to fally out ac. Knslles's Hijl. of the Turks.
Mu'renger. n.f [murus, Latin.] An overieer of a wall.
Ainfi
Muria'tick. adj. Partaking of the tafte or nature of brine,
ar any fuch like pickles, from muria, brine or pickle, fihtincy.
If the feurvy be entirely muriatick, proceeding from a diet
of fait flefli or fifh, antifcorbutick vegetables may be given
with fucccfs, but tempered with acids. Arbuthnct.
Murk. n.f. [monk, Danifh, dark.J Darknefs: want of
light.
Ere twice in murk and occidental damp,
Moift Hefperus hath quench’d his fleepy lamp. Shakefp.
Murk, v.fi Hulks of fruit. Ainfi
Mu'rky.
M U S
Mu'rky. adj. [morck, Danifh.] Dark; cloudy; wanting
light.
The murkieft den,
The moft opportune place, the drong’d fuggedion
Shall never melt mine honour into lull. Shakefp. Tempeft.
So fcented the grim feature, and up-turn’d
His nodrils wide into the murky air.
Sagacious of his quarry. Mi/ton's Par. Loft.
A murky dorm deep low’ring o’er our heads
Hung imminent, that with impervious gloom
Oppos’d itfelf to Cynthia’s filver ray. Addifon.
MU'RMUR. n.f. murmur, Lat. murmure, Fr.]
1. A low fhrill noile.
flame as it moveth within itfelf, or is blown by a bellows,
giveth a murmur or interiour found. Bacon s Nat. lift.
When the wing'd colonies fiVft tempt the fky.
Or fetting, feize the lweets the bloffoms yield,
Then alow murmur runs along the field. Pope.
2. A complaint half lupprefled ; a complaint not openly ut¬
tered.
Some difcontents there are ; fome idle murmurs;
How idle murmurs !
The doors are all fhut up ; the Wealthier fort,
With arms acrofs, and hats upon their eyes.
Walk to and fro before their filent drops. Dryden.
To Mu rmur, v. n. [murmuro, Lat. murmurer, Fr.J
1. To give a low fhrill found.
The murmuring furge.
That on th’ unnumber’d idle pebbles chafes,
Can fcarce be heard fo high. Shakefp. King Lear.
Amid an iile around whole rocky fhore
The forefts murmur, and the lurges roar,
A goddefs guards in her enchanted dome. Pope.
The bul'y bees with a foft murmuring drain,
Invite to gentle fleep the lab’ring fwain. Dryden.
2. To grumble ; to utter fecret and fullen difcontent. With at
before things, and againft before perfons.
The good we have enjoy’d from heav’n’s free will;
And fhall we murmur to endure the ill ? Dryden.
Murmur not at your ficknefs, for thereby you will fin
again!! God’s providence. Wakes Prep.for Death.
The good confequences of this fcheme, which will exe¬
cute itfelf without murmuring againft the government, are
very viiible. Swift.
Mu'rmurer. n.f. [from murmur.] One who repines ; one
who complains fullenly ; a grumbler ; a repiner; a complainer.
Heav’n’s peace be with him !
That’s chridian care enough; for living murtnurers
There’s places of rebuke. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The murmurcr is turned off to the company of thole dole¬
ful creatures, which were to inhabit the ruins of Babylon.
Government of the Tongue.
Still might the difcontented murmurer cry,
Ah haplefs fate of man ! ah wretch doom’d once to die.
Blacbnore on the Creation.
Mu'rnival, n.f. [;mornejie, Fr. from morner, to dun.] Four
cards of a fort. Skinner and Ainfworth.
Mu'rrain. n.f. [The etymology of this word is not clear ;
mur is an old world for a catarrh, which might well anfwer
to the glanders; muriana, low Latin. Skinner derives it from
tnori, to die.] The plague in cattle.
Away ragg’d rams, care I what murrain kill. Sidney.
Some trials would be made of mixtures of water in ponds
for cattle, to make them more milch, to fatten, or to keep
them from murrain. Bacon.
A hallowed band
Cou’d tell what murrains, in what months begun. Garth.
Murre. n.f A kind of bird.
Among the fird fort we reckon coots, meawes, murres,
creyfers and curlews. Carew.
Murrey, adj. [.moree, Fr. morello, Italian; from moro, a
moor.] Darkly red.
The leaves of iome trees turn a little murrey or reddifh.
Bacon s Natural Hiftory.
They employ it in certain proportions, to tinge their glafs
both with red colour, or with a purplifh or murrey. Boyle.
Painted glafs of a fanguine red, will not afcend in powder
a Dove a murrey. Brown's Kulgar Lrrours.
Cornelius jumps out, a docking upon his head, and a
waidcoat of murrey-coloured fattin upon his body. Arbuth
Mu'r rion. n.f. [often written morion. See Morion. Junius
derives it from murus, a wall.] A helmet; a cafque; ar¬
mour for the head.
Their beef they often in their murrions dew’d.
And in their bafket-hilts their bev’rage brew’d. King.
Murth of Corn. n.f. Plenty of grain, Ainf.
Mu'scadel. (adj. [mufcat, tnufcadel, Fr. mofcatello, Italian ;
M uscadine. ) either from the fragance refembling the nut¬
meg, nux mofcata, or from mufca, a fly; flies being eager of
thofe grapes.j A kind of fweet grape, lweet wine and fweet
pear.
M U S
He quafft off the mufeade/,
And threw the fops all in the fexton’s face. Shakefp.
MUSCLE, n.ft. [tnufcle,Fr. mufculus, Lat. mujicula, Sax.]
Mufcle is a bundle of thin and parallel plates of flefhv
threads or fibres, inclofed by one common membrane : all the
fibres of the fame plate are parallel to one another, and tied
together at extremely little didances by fhort and tranfverfe
fibres : the flefhy fibres are compofed of other frnaller fibres,
inclofed likewife by a common membrane: each Idler fibre
confids of very fmall vehicles or bladders, into which we fuppofe the veins, arteries and nerves to open, for every mufcle
receives branches of all thofe veffels, which mud be didributed to every fibre : the two ends of each mufcle or the ex¬
tremities of the fibres are, in the limbs of animals, fadened
to two bones, tne one moveable, the other fixed ; and there¬
fore, when the mufcles contract, they draw the moveable
bone according to the dire&ion of their fibres. Quincy.
The indruments of motion are the mufcles, the fibres
whereof, contracting themfelves, move the feveral parts of
tiie body. tqcl
2. A bivalve fhell-fidi.
Gf diell-fifh, there are wrinkles, limners, cockles and
mufcles. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
it is tne obfervation of Aridotle, that oyders and mujeles
grow fuller in the waxing of the moon. Hakewill.
1 wo pair of fmall mufcle fhells was found in a limedone
quarry. JVoochvard on Foj/ils.
Muscosity. n.f. [mufeofus, Lat.] Moffinefs.
Mu'scular. adj. [from mufcuius, Latin.] Performed by
mufcles. . J
By the mufcular motion and perpetual flux of the liquids,
a great part of the liquids are thrown out of the body Arb
Muscula'rity. *. f [from mufcular.] The date of having
mufcles. a
fl he guts of a durgeon, taken out and cut to pieces, will
dill move, which may depend upon their great thicknefs and
mufcular,ty. Grew’, Mu/xum.
Musculous. adj. [mufculeux, Fr. mufculofus, Latin.]
1. Full of mufcles ; brawny.
2. Pertaining to a mufcle.
T he uvea has a mufculous power, and can dilate and contrad! that round hole, called the pupil of the eye, for the
better moderating the tranfmiffion of light. More.
Muse. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Deep thought; clofe attention; abfence of mind ; brown
dudy.
The tidings drange did him abafhed make,
That dill he fat long time adonifhed
As in great mufe, ne word to creature fpake. Fa. Queen.
He was fill’d
With admiration and deep mufe, to hear
Of things fo high and drange. Milton.
2. The power of poetry.
Begin my mufe. _ . _ Cowley.
The mtife-infpired train
Triumph, and raife their drooping heads again. Waller.
Lodona’s fate, in long oblivion cad,
The mufe fhall fing. Pope.
To MUSE. v. n. [tnuj'er, Fr. muyfen, Dutch; mujfo, Latin.]
1. To ponder ; to think clofe ; to dudy in filence.
If he fpake courteoufly, he angled the people’s hearts; if
he were filent, he mufed upon fome dangerous plot. Sidney.
St. Augudine, fpeaking of devout men, noteth, how they
daily frequented the church, how attentive ear they give unto
the chapters read, how careful they were to remember the
lame, and to mufe thereupon by themfelves. Hooker.
Caefar’s father oft,
When he hath mus'd of taking kingdoms in,
Bedow’d his'lips on that unworthy place,
As it rain’d kiffes. Shakefp.
My mouth fhall fpeak of wifdorn ; and my heart mufe of
underdanding. PfalmxWx. v. 3.
Her face upon a fudden glittered, fo that I was afraid of
her, and mufed what it might be. 2 Efdras x. 25.
AH men mufed in their hearts ofJohn, whether he were the
Chrid or not. _ Luke iii. 15.
On thefe ho mus’d within his thoughtful mind. Dryden.
We mufe fo much on the one, that we are apt to overlook
and forget the other. Atterbury’s Sermons.
Man fuperiour walks
Amid the glad creation, muftng prdxfe,
And looking lively gratitude. Thomfon's Spring-.
2. To be abfent of mind; to be attentive to fomething not
prefent; to be in a brown dudy.
Why had thou lod the frefh blood in thy cheeks ?
And given my treafures and my rights of thee
To thick-ey’d muftng and curs’d melancholy. 'Shakefpeare.
You fuddenly arofe and walk’d about,
Muftng and fighing with yours arms acrofs. Shakefpecre.
T he fad king
Feels fudden terror and cold fhivering,
Lids not to eat, dill mules, flteps unlound. Daniel.
16 Z 3. T#
Shakefp.
M U S
3. To wonder ; to be amazed.
Mufe not that I thus fuddenly proceed ;
For what I will, I will.
Do not mufe at me,
I have a ftrange infirmity. . Shakefp. Macbeth.
Mu'seful. adj. [from mufe. ] Deep thinking j filently thought¬
ful.
Full of mufeful mopings, which prefage
The lofs of reafon, and conclude in rage. Dryden.
Mu'ser. n.f. [from mufe.] One who mules; one apt to be
abfent of mind.
Mu set. n.f. [in hunting.] The place through which the
hare goes to relief.
Mu/seum. n.f A repofitory of learned cunolities.
Mu'shroom. n. f. moufeheron, French.]
1. Mujhrooms are by curious naturalifts efteemed perfect plants,
though their flowers and feeds have not as yet been difcovered :
the true champignon or muforoom appears at firft of a roundifh
form like a button, the upper part of which, as alfo the ftalk,
is very white, but being opened, the under part is of a livid
flefh colour, but the flefhy part, when broken, is very white ;
when they are buffered to'remain undifturbed, they will grow
to a large fize, and explicate themfelves almoft to a flatnefs,
and the red part underneath will change to a dark colour :
in order to cultivate them, open the ground about the roots
of the muJhroomS) where you will find the earth very often full
offmall white knobs, which are the off-lets or young mufhrooms-,
thele fnould be carefully gathered, prelerving them in lumps
with the earth about them, and planted in hot beds. Miller.
2. An upftart; a wretch rilen from the dunghill; a director of
a company.
Mufhrooms come up in a night, and yet they are unfown ;
and therefore fuch as are upflarts in ftate, they call in reproach
mujhrooms. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Tully, the humble muforoomicarcely known,
The lowly native of a country town. Dryden.
Mu'shroomstone. n.f. [rnuforoom and Jlonc.] A kind of
foffil. r
Fifteen mufhroomjlones of the fame fhape. Woodward.
MU'SICK. n.f. [^aa-ixri; mufujue^ Ir.]
1. The fcience of harmonical founds.
The man that hath no mufick in himfelf,
Nor is not mov’d with concord of fweet founds.
Is fit for treafons. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Now look into the mufick-mafler’s gains.
Where noble youth at vafi expence is taught.
But eloquence not valu’d at a groat. Dryden s Juvenal.
2. Infirumental or vocal harmony.
When (he fpake,
Sweet words, like droping honey, fhe did fhed;
And ’twixt the pearls and rubies’ foftly brake
A filver found, that heavenly mufick feem’d to make. F. £>u.
Such mufick
Before was never made,
But when of old the fons of morning fung. Milton.
By mufick minds an equal temper know.
Nor fwell too high, nor fink too low;
Warriours fhe fires with animated founds,
Pours balm into the bleeding lover’s wounds. Pope.
We have dancing-mafters and mufick-mafiers. Arb. andPope.
Mu'sical. adj. [mufical, Fr. from mufick.]
1. Harmonious; melodious; fweet founding.
The merry birds
Chanted above their chearful harmony.
And made emongft themfelves a fweet confort,
That quicken’d the dull fp’rit with mufical comfort F. Qu.
Sweet bird that fhunn’ft thenoife of folly,
Moll mufical, moft melancholly ;
Thee chauntrefs oft the wood among,
I woo to hear thy even-fong. Milton.
Neither is it enough to give his author’s fenfe, in poetical
expreflions and in mufical numbers. Dryden.
2. Belonging to mufick.
Several mufical infiruments are to be feen in the hands of
Apollo’s mules, which might give great light to the difpute
between the ancient and modem mufic. Addifon.
Mu'sically. aclv. [from mufical.] Harmonioufly; with fweet
found.
Valentine, mufically coy,
Shun’d Phaedra’s arms.
Mu'sicallness. n.f. [from mufical.] Harmony.
Mu'sician. n.f [muficus, Lat. muficien, Fr.] One (killed in
harmony; one who performs upon infiruments of mufick.
Though the muficians that fhall play to you.
Hand in the air a thoufand leagues from hence ;
Yet lirait they fhall be here. Shakefp. Henry IV.
1 he nightingale, if flic fhould fingby day,
When every goole is cackling, would be thought
No better a mufician than the wren. Shakefp.
A painter may make a better face than ever was ; but he
muft do it by a kind of felicity, as a mufician that maketh an
excellent air in mufick, and not by rule. Bacon's EJfays,
Addifon.
M U S
The praife of Bacchus then the fweet mufician fung ;
Of Bacchus ever fair and ever young. Drydert.
MUSK. n.f. [mufekio, Italian ; mufc^Yr.] ...
Mufk is a dry, light and friable fubftance of a dar k blackifh
colour, with lbme tinge of a purphfh or blood colour in it,
feeling fomewhat Imooth or un&uous ! its fine 1 is ig y Per
fumed, and too ftrong to be agreeable in any large quantity:
its tafte is bitterifh : it is brought from the Eaft Indies, mo y
from the kingdom of Bantam, fome from Tonquin and Co¬
chin China : the animal which produces it is of a very lin¬
gular kind, not agreeing with any eftablifhed genus : it is of
the fize of a common goat but taller ; its head refembles that
of the greyhound, and its ears ftand ereft like thole of the
rabbit: its tail is alfo ere£t and fhort, its legs moderately
long, and its hoofs deeply cloven : its hair is a dufky brown,
varfegated with a faint call: of red and white, every hair being
partycoloured : the bag which contains the mufk, is three
inches long and two wide, and fituated in the lower part of
the creature’s belly ; it confifts of a thin membrane covered
thinly with hair, refembling a fmall purfe, and when genuine,
the feent is fo ftrong as to offend the head greatly: toward
the orifice of the bag there are feveral glands, which ferve
for the fecretion of this precious perfume, for the fakev of
which the Indians kill the animal. Hill.
Some putrefactions and excrements yield excellent odours ;
as civet and mufk. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Musk. n.f. [mufea, Lat.] Grape hyacinth or grape flower.
Mufk hath a bulbous fhoot; the leaves are long and nar¬
row ; the flower is hermaphroditical, confifting of one leaf,
and fhaped like a pitcher, and cut at the top into fix fegment,
which are reflexed ; the ovary becomes a triangular fruit, di¬
vided into three cells, which are full of round feeds. Miller.
Mu'skapple. n.f. A kind of apple, Ainf.
Mu'skcat. n.f. [mufk and cat.] The animal from which
mufk is got.
Mu^skcherry, n.f. A fort of cherry. Ainf
MUSKET, n.f [.moufquet, Fr. mofquetto, Italian, a fmall hawk.
Many of the fire-arms are named from animals.]
1. A foldier’s handgun.
Thou
Waft fhot at with fair eyes, to be the mark
Of fmoky mufkets. Shakefp. All's wellthat ends well.
Pra&ife to make fwiftcr motions than any you have out of
your mufkets. Bacon.
They charge their mufkets, and with hot defire
Of. full revenge, renew the fight with fire.1 Waller.
He perceived a body of their horfe within mufket-fhot of
him, and advancing upon him. Clarendon.
One was brought to us, fhot with a mufket-ha\\ on the right
fide of his head. Wifeman s Surgery.
2. A male hawk of a fmall kind, the female of which is the
fparrow hawk; fo that eyas mufket is a young unfledged male
hawk of that kind. Hanmer.
Here comes little Robin.—
—How now my eyas mufket, what news with you. Shak.
The mufket and the coyftrel were too weak.
Too fierce the falcon ; but above the reft,
The noble buzzard ever pleas’d me beft. Dryden.
Musketee'r. n.f. [from mufket.] A foldier whofe weapon
is his mufket.
Notwithftanding they had lined fome hedges with mufketeers9
they purfued them till they were difperfed. Clarendon.
Musketoo'n. n.f. [moufqueton> Fr.] A blunderbufs; a fhort
gun of a large bore. Di£f.
Mu'skiness. n.f. [from mufk.] The feent of mufk.
Muskme'lon. n.f. [mufk and melon.] A fragrant melon.
The way of maturation of tobacco muft be from the heat
of the earth or fun ; we fee fome leading of thi&in mufkmelons9
which are fown upon a hot bed dunged below, upon a bank
turned upon the South fun. Bacon.
Mu'skpear. n.f. [mufk and pear.] A fragrant pear.
Mu'skrose. n.f [mufk and roj,e.] A rofe fo called, I fuppofe,
from its fragrance.
In May and June come rofes of all kinds, except the
muff, which comes later. Bacons EJfays.
Thyrfis, whofe artful ftrains have oft delay’d
The huddling brook to hear his madrigal.
And fweeten’d every mufkrofe of the dale. jMiltoni
The mufkrofe will, if a lufty plant, bear flowers in Autumn
without cutting. Boyle.
Musky, adj. [from mufk.] Fragrant; fweet of feent.
There eternal fummer dwells.
And Weft winds, with mufky wing.
About the cedar’n allies fling
Nard and Cafiia’s balmy lmells. Milton.
Mu'sLlN. n.f. A fine fluff made of cotton.
By the ufe of certain attire made of cambrick or muflin
upon her head, flic attained to fuch an evil art in the motion
of her eyes. Tatler, no.
In half-whipt mufiin needles ufelefs lie,
And fhuttle-cocks acrofs the counter fly. Gay.
Mv'srol.
MUS M U T
Mxj'srol: n.f. [muferole, French J The nofeband of a horfe’s
bridle. BailcyMuss. n.f. A fcramble.
When I cry’d hoa!
Like boys unto a mufs, kings would ftart forth,
And cry, your will ? Shakefp. AInt and Cleopatra.
MussitaTion. n.f. [mujfito, Lat.] Murmur; grumble.
Mu'ssulman. n.f. A Mahometan believer.
MUST, verb imperfett. [jnujJ'en, Dutch.] To be obliged. It
is only ufed before a verb. Muji is of all perfons and tenfes,
and ufed of perfons and things.
Do you confefs the bond ?
--Ido.
.-Then muji the Jew be merciful.
.-On what compulfion muji I ? tell me that. Shakefpeare.
Muft I needs bring thy fon unto the land from whence thou
camel!? Gen. xxiv. 5.
Fade, flowers, fade, nature will have it fo ;
’Tis but what we muji in our Autumn do. Waller.
Becaufe the fame felf-exiftent being neceflarily is what he
is, ’tis evident that what he may be, or hath the power of
being, he muji be. Grew.
Every father and brother of the convent has a voice in the
election, which muji be confirmed by the pope. Addfon.
MUST. n.f. \mujium, Latin.] New wine; new wort.
If in the muji of wine, or wort of beer, before it be tunned,
the burrage flay a fmall time, and be often changed, it makes
a fovereign drink for melancholy. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
As a fwarm of flies in vintage time,
About the wine-prefs where fweet muji is pour’d,
Beat off, returns as oft with humming found. Milton.
The wime itfelf was fuiting to the reft.
Still working in the muji, and lately prefs’d. Dryden.
A frugal man that with fufficient muji
His calks replenilh’d yearly ; he no more
Defir’d, nor wanted. Phillips.
Liquors, in the aCt of fermentation, as muji and new ale,
produce fpafms in the ftomach. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
To Must. v.a. [wr, Welfh, (linking; mos, Dutch, mouldinefs; or perhaps from moijl.] To mould; to make mouldy.
Others are made of ftone and lime; but they are fubjeCt to
give and be moift, which will muji corn. Mortimer.
ToMust. ». To grow mouldy.
Musta'ches. n.f. [mujlaches, French.] Whifkers; hair on
the upper lip.
This was the manner of the Spaniards, to cut off their
beards, fave only their mujlaches, which they wear long. Spenf.
Mu'stard. n f [mwjlard, Wellh; moujlard, Fr.] A plant.
The flower confifts of four leaves, which are placed in form
of a creft, out of whofe flower-cup rifes the pointal, which
afterward becomes a fruit or pod, divided into two cells by an
intermediate partition, to which the valves adhere on both
Tides, and are filled with roundifh feeds : thefe pods generally
end in a fungous horn, containing the like feeds. To thefe
marks muft be added, an acrid burning tafte, peculiar to
muftard. Muler.
The pancakes were naught, and the mujlard was good. Shah.
Sauce like himfelf, offenfive to its foes,
The roguifh mujiard, dang’rous to the nofe. King.
Mujlard, taken in great quantities, would quickly bring
the blood into an alkaline ftate, and deftroy the animal.
Arbuthnot.
’Tis your’s to fhake the foul.
With thunder rumbling from the tnujlard bowl. Pope.
Stick your candle in a bottle, a coffee cup, or a mujiard
pot. Swift.
Common mujiard feed is attenuant and refolvent: it warms
the ftomach, and excites appetite; but its principal medicinal
ufe is external in finapifms. Hill's Mat. Med.
To Mu'ster. v. n. To aflemble in order to form an army.
Why does my blood thus mujler to my heart.
So difpoffefling all my other parts
Of neceflary fitnefs ? Shakefp. Meaf.for Meafure.
They reach the deftin’d place.
And mujler there, and round the centre fwarm,
And draw together. Blackmore's Creation.
To MU'STER. v.a. [rnoujleren, Dutch.]
1.To review forces.
The captain, half of whofe foldiers are dead, and the other
quarter never mujlered nor feen, demands payment of his
whole account. Spenfer on Ireland.
The principal fcribe of the hoft mujlered the people. 2 Kings.
Old Anchifes
Review’d his mujler'd race, and took the tale. Dryden.
A man might have three hundred and eighteen men in his
family, without being heir to Adam, and might mujler them
up, and lead them out againft the Indians. Locke.
2. To bring together.
Had we no quarrel to Rome, but that
Thou art thence banilh’d, we would mujler all
From twelve to feventy. Shakefp. Cor10I'anus.
I’ll mujler up my friends, and meet your grace. Shakejp.
I could mujler up, as well as you,
My giants and my witches too. Donne.
A da&w tricked himfelf up with all the gay feathers he could
mujler. _ B Ejlrange.
All the wife fayings and advices which philofophers could
mujler up to this purpofe, have proved ineffectual to the com¬
mon people. Dillotfen.
Having tnujlered up all the forces he could think of, the
clouds above, and the deeps below: thefe, fays he, arc all
the ftores we have for water ; and Mofes direCts us to no other
for the caufes of the deluge. Woodward's Natural Hijlory.
Mu'ster. n.f [from the verb.]
1. A review of a body of forces.
All the names
Of thy confederates too, be no lefs great
In hell than here : that when we would repeat
Our ftrengths in mujler, we may name you all. Ben.johnf.
2. A regifter of forces muftcred. ,
Ye publifh the mujlers of your own bands, and proclaim
them to amount to thoufands. Hooker.
Deception takes wrong meafures, and makes falfe mujlers,
which founds a retreat inltead of a charge, and a charge inftead
of a retreat. S.uth's Sermons.
3. A collection : as, a mujler of peacocks. Ainfworth.
4. Do pafs Muster. To be allowed.
Such excufes will not pafs mujler with God, who will allow
no man’s idlenefs to be the meafure of poffible or impoffible.
South’s Sermons.
Double dealers may pafs mujler for a while; but all parties
wafh their hands of them in the conclufion. L’Ejlrange.
Mu'sterbook. n.f. [mujler and book.] A book in which the
forces are regiftered.
Shadow will ferve for Summer : prick him; for we have a
number of fhadows to fill up the mujlerbook. Shakefp. H. IV.
Mu'stermaster. n.f. [tnujler and majler.] One who iuperintends the mufter to prevent frauds.
A noble gentleman, then mujlermaflcr, was appointed embaflador unto the Turkifh emperor. Knolles's Hijlory.
Mujlermajlers carry the bell and ableft men in their pockets.
Raleigh's EjTays.
Mu'ster-Roll. n.f \jnujler and roll.] A regifter of forces.
How many infignificant combatants are there in the Chriftian camp, that only lend their names to fill up the mujlerroll, but never dream of going upon fervice ? Decay of Piety.
One tragick fentence, if I dare deride,
Which Betterton’s grave aCtion dignify’d ;
Or well-mouth’d Booth with emphafis proclaims,
Though but perhaps a ?n"Jler-roll of names. P.pe.
Mistily, adv. [from mujly.] Mouldily.
Mu'stiness. n.f. [from mujly.] Mould; damp foulnefs.
Keep them dry and free from mujlinef. Evelyn's Kalendar.
Mu'sty. adj. [from muji.]
1. Mouldy; fpoiled with damp; moift and fetid.
Was’t thou fain, poor father.
To hovel thee with fwine and rogues forlorn,
In Ihort and mujly ftraw. Shakefp. King Lear.
Piftachoes, fo they be good and not mujly, made into a
milk, are an excellent nourilhcr. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
2. Stale; fpoiled with age.
While the grafs grows—the proverb is fomewhat mujly. Sh.
Let thofe that go by water to Gravefend prefer lying upon
the boards, than on mujly infectious ftraw. Harvey.
3. Vapid with fetidnefs.
Let not, like Naevius, every error pafs;
The mujly wine, foul cloth, or greafy glafs. _ Pope.
4. Dull; heavy; wanting aClivity; wanting practice in the oc¬
currences of life.
Xantippe, being married to a bookifh man who has no
knowledge of the world, is forced to take his affairs into her
own hands, and to fpirit him up now and then, that he may
not grow mujly and unfit for converfation. Addif. Spedlator,
Mutabi'lity. n.f. [mutabilite, Fr. mutabilis, Latin.]
1. Changeablenefs; not continuance in the fame ftate.
The mutability of that end, for which they are made,
maketh them alfo changeable. Hooker.
My fancy was the air, moft free,
And full of mutability,
Big with chimeras. Suckling.
Plato confefles that the heavens and the frame of the world
are corporeal, and therefore fubjeCt to mutability. Stillingjleet.
2. Inconstancy; change of mind.
Ambitions, covetings, change of prides, difdain,
Nice longings, flanders, mutability. Shakefp. Cymbelinc.
Mu'tABLE. adj. [mutabilis, Latin.]
1. SubjeCt to change; alterable.
Of things of the moft accidental and mutable nature, acci¬
dental in their production, and mutable in their continuance,
yet God’s prefcience is as certain in him as the memory is or
can be in us. South's Sermons.
2. Inconftant; unfettled.
For the mutable rank-fcented many,
Let them regard me, as I do not flatter. ShakeCp. Coriolanus.
I faw
M U T M .U T
I faw thee mutable
Of fancy, fear’d left one day thou would’ft leave me. Milt,
Mu'tableNess. n.f [from mutable.] Changeablenefs; un¬
certainty; inftability.
Muta'tion. n.f. [n.utation, French ; mutatio, Lat.J Change;
alteration.
His honour
Was nothing but mutation, ay, and that
From one bad thing to worfe. Shakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
The viciflitude or mutations in the fuperior globe are no fit
matter for this prefent argument. Bacons EJfays.
To make plants grow out of the fun or open air is a great
mutation in nature, and may induce a change in the feed. Bacon.
MUTE. adj. [muet, French; tnutus, Latin.]
1. Silent; not vocal; not having the ufe of voice.
Why did he reafon in my foul implant,
And fpeech, th’ effe£f of reafon ? To the mute
My fpeech is loft ; my reafon to the brute.
Mute folemn forrow, free from female noife,
Such as the majefty of grief deftroys.
2. Having nothing to fay.
Say fhe be mute, and will not fpeak a word,
Then I’ll commend her volubility. Shakefpeare.
All fat mute,
Pondering the danger with deep thoughts. Milton.
All the heav’nly choir ftood mute.
And filence was in heav’n. Milt. Paradife Loft, b. iii.
The whole perplex’d ignoble crowd.
Mute to my queltions, in my praifes loud.
Echo'd the word. Prior.
Mute. n.f.
1. One that has no power of fpeech.
Either our hiftory (hall with full mouth
Speak freely of our a£ts ; or elfe our grave.
Like Turkifh mute, fhall have a tonguelefs mouth. Shake/.
Your mute I’ll be;
When my tongue blabs, then let mine eyes not fee. Shake/.
He that never hears a word fpoken, no wonder if he remain
fpeechlefs ; as one mult do, who from an infant fhould be
bred up amongft mute , and have no teaching. Holder.
Let the figures, to which art cannot give a voice, imitate
the mutes in their actions. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
2. A letter which without a vowel can make no found.
Grammarians note the eafy pronunciation of a mute before
a liquid, which doth not therefore neceflarily make the preced¬
ing vowel long. Holder s Elements of Speech.
To Mute. v. n. [mutir, French.] To dung as birds.
Mine eyes being open, the fparrows jnuted warm dung into
mine eyes. Tob. ii. 10.
I could not fright the crows.
Or the leaft bird from muting on my head. Ben. Johnfon.
The bird not able to digeft the fruit, from her inconverted
muting arifeth this plant. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Mu'tely. adv. [from mute ] Silently; not vocally.
Driving dumb filence from the portal door.
Where he had mutely fat two hours before. Milton:
To Mu'tilate. v. a. [mutiler,Fr. mutilo, Latin.] To de¬
prive of fome eftential part.
Such fearing to concede a monftrofity, or mutilate the inte¬
grity of Adam, preventively conceive the creation of thirteen
ribs. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Sylburgius juftly complains that the place is mutilated. Still.
Among the mutilated poets of antiquity there is none whofc
fragments are fo beautiful as thofe of Sappho. Addifon.
Ariftotle’s works were corrupted, from Strabo’s account of
their having been mutilated and confumed with moifture. Baker.
Mutila'tion. n.f [mutilation, Fr. mutilatio, from mutilo, Lat.]
Deprivation of a limb, or any eftential part.
The fubjedt had been opprefled by fines, imprifonments,
mutilations, pillories, and banifhrtients. Clarendon.
Mutilations are not tranfmitted from father to fon, the blind
begetting fuch as can fee: cripples, mutilate in their own
perfons, do come out perfect in their generations. Brown.
MU'TINE. n.f [mutin, French.] A mutineer; a mover of infurre&ion. Not in ufe.
In my heart there was a kind of fighting.
That would not let me fieep; methought I lay
Worfe than the mutines in the bilboes. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Like the mutines of Jerufalem,
Be friends a while. Shakefpeare’s King John.
Mutine'er. n.f [from mutin, French.] A mover of fedition ; an oppofer of lawful authority.
The war of the duke of Urbin, head of the Spanifh muti¬
neers, was unjuft. Bacon’s JVar with Spain.
Set wide the mufti’s garden-gate ;
For there our mutineers appoint to meet. Drydcn.
They have cafhiered leveral of their followers as mutineers,
who have contradi&ed them in political converfations. AddiJ.
Mutinous, adj. [/nutine, trench.] Seditious; bufy in
infurrc&ion; turbulent.
Dryden.
Dryden.
It tauntingly replied
‘ To th’ difeontented members, th’ mutinous parts,
That envied his receipt. Shakefp. Coriolanus,
The laws of England fhould be adminiftered, and the mu¬
tinous feverely fupprefted. Hayward.
Lend me your guards, that if perfuafion fail,
Force may againft the mutinous prevail. JValler.
My ears are deaf with this impatient crowd;
Their wants are now grown mutinous and loud. Dryden.
Mutinously, adv. [from mutinous.] Seditioufly; turbulently.
A woman, a young woman, a fair woman, was to govern
a people in nature mutinoufy proud, and always before ufed to
hard governours. Sidney.
Men imprudently often, feditioufly and mutinoufly fometimes, employ their zeal for perfons. Spratl’s Sermons.
Mu'tinousness. n.f. [from mutinous.] Seditioufnefs; tur¬
bulence.
To Mu'tiny. v. n. [mutiner, French.] To rife againft autho¬
rity ; to make infurredtion ; to move fedition.
The fpirit of my father begins to mutiny againft this fervitude. Shakefpeare’s As you like it.
The people mutiny, the fort is mine,
And all the foldiers to my will incline. Waller.
When Caefar’s army mutinied, and grew troublefome, no
argument could appeafe them. South’s Sermons.
Mu'tiny. n.f. [from the verb.] Infurredfion ; fedition.
The king fled to a ftrong caftle, where he was gathering
forces to fupprefs this mutiny. Sidney.
1’ th’ war.
Their mutinies and revolts, wherein they fhew’d
Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Shake/. Henry VIII.
Moft valour, fpoke not for them.
In moft ftrange poftures
We’ve feen him fet himfelf.
—There is a mutiny in’s mind.
Lefs than if this frame
Of heav’n were falling, and thefe elements
In mutiny had from her axle torn
T he ftedfaft earth. Milton’s Parad. Loft, b. ii.
Soldiers grow pernicious to their mafter who becomes their
fervant, and is in danger of their mutinies, as much as any
government of feditious. Temple.
To MU'TTER. v. n. [mutire, muffare, Latin.] To grumble;
to murmur.
What would you afk me, that I would deny,
Or ftand fo mutt'ring on ? Shakefpeare’s Othello.
How ! what does his cafhier’d worfhip mutter ? Shake/.
Sky lowr’d, and muit’ring thunder fome fad drops
Wept, at completing of' the mortal fin
Original! Milton’s Par. Loft, b. ix:
They may freely trefpafs, and do as they pleafe; no man
dare accufe them, no, not fo much as mutter againft them.
Burton on Melancholy.
Bold Britons, at a brave btear-garden fray.
Are rous’d ; and clatt’ring flicks cry, play, play, plav :
Mean time your filthy foreigner will flare.
And mutter to himfelf, ha, gens barbare !
And it is well he mutters, well for him ;
Our butchers elfe would tear him limb from limb. Dryden.
When the tongue of a beautiful female was cutout, it could
not forbear muttering. Addifon’s Spectator.
To Mutter, v. a. To utter with imperfeft articulation; to
grumble forth.
Amongft the foldiers this is muttered.
That here you maintain fev’ral factions. Shake/. Hen. VI.
A kind of men, fo loofe of foul,
That in their fleep will mutter their affairs. Shake/. Othello.
Your lips have fpoken lies, your tongue hath mutteredperverfenefs. jr }jx 2t
A hateful prattling tongue,
T hat blows up jealoufies, and heightens fears,
By muttering pois’nous whifpers in mens ears. ’Creech.
Mu tter. n.f, [from the verb.] Murmur; obfeure ut¬
terance.
Without his rod revers’d.
And backward mutters of diffevering power,
We cannot free the lady. Milton.
Mu tterer. n.f [from mutterd] Grumbler; murmurer.
Mu tteringly. adv. [from muttering ] With a low voice;
without diftinft articulation.
MUTTON, n.f. [mouton, French.]
1. The flefti of fheep drefled for food.
1 he fat of roafted mutton or beef, falling on the birds, will
bafte them. Swift’s Directions to the Cook.
2. A fheep : now only in ludicrous language.
Here’s too fmall a pafture for fuch ftore of muttons. Shak.
The fleflh of muttons is better tafted where the fheep feed
upon wild thyme and wholefome herbs. Bacon’s Nat. Hift.
Within a few days were brought out of the country two
thoufand muttons. Hayward’s Edw. VI.
Muttonfi'st.
5
M Y O M Y S
MuttoKFi'st. ft. f. [mutton and fijl.] A hand large and
red.
Will he who faw the foldiers muttonfjl,
And faw thee maul’d appear within the lift
To witnefs truth. Dryden’s 'Juvenal, fat. 16.
MU'TUAL. adj. [mutuel, French; mutuusfLat.] Recipro¬
cal ; each a&ing in return or correfpondence to the other.
Note a wild and wanton herd,
Fetching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing loud,
If they perchance but hear a trumpet found.
You fhall perceive them make a mutual ftand,
By the fweet power of mufick. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
What fhould moft excite a mutual flame.
Your rural cares and pleafures are the fame. Pope.
Mu'tually. adv. [from mutual.] Reciprocally; in return.
He never bore
Like labour with the reft; where th’ other inftruments
Did fee, and hear, devife, inftrudf, walk, feel.
And mutually participate. Sbakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
Dear love I bear to fair Anne Page,
Who mutually hath anfwer’d my affe£tion. Sbakefpeare.
The tongue and pen mutually aflift one another, writing
what we fpeak, and fpeaking what we write. Holder.
Pellucid fubftances adt upon the rays of light at a diftance,
in refracting, reflecting and infleCting them, and the rays mu¬
tually agitate the parts of thofe fubftances at a diftance for
heating them. Newton’s Opticks.
They mutually teach, and are taught, that leflon of vain
Confidence and fecurity. Atterburfs Sermons.
May I the facred pleafures know
Of ftriCteft amity, nor ever want
A friend with whom I mutually may (hare
Gladnefs and anguifh. Philips.
Mutua'lity. n.f. [from mutual.] Reciprocation.
Villanous thoughts, Roderigo ! when thefe mutualities fo
marfhal the way, hard at hand comes the incorporate conclufion. Sbakefpeare's Othello.
Mu'zzle. n.f [.mufeau, French.] The mouth of anythin^;
the mouth of a man in contempt.
But ever and anon turning her muzzle toward me, fhe
threw fuch a profpeCt upon me, as might well have <nven a
furfeit to any weak lover’s ftomach. ~ Sidney, b. ii.
Huygens has proved, that a bullet continuing in the velocity
with which it leaves the muzzle of the cannon, would re¬
quire twenty-five years to pafs from us to the fun. Cheyne.
If the poker be out of the way, or broken, ftir the fire
with the tongs; if the tongs be not at hand, ufe the 7nuzzle
of the bellows. Swift's Rules to Servafits.
2. A fattening for the mouth, which hinders to bite.
The fifth Harry from curbed licence plucks
The muzzle of reftraint; and the wild dog
Shall flefh his tooth on ev’ry innocent. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Greyhounds, fnowy fair.
And tall as flags, ran loofe, and cours’d around his chair ;
With golden muzzles all their mouths were bound. Dryden.
To Mu'zz.le. v. n. To bring the mouth near.
The bear muzzles, and fmells to him, puts his nofe to his
mouth and to his ears, and at laft leaves him. L'Eflrame.
To Mu'zzle. v. a.
1. To bind the mouth.
This butcher’s cur is venom mouth'd, and I
Have not the pow’r to muzzle him; therefore beft
Not wake him in his flumber. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
My dagger muzzled,
Left it fhould bite its matter, and fo prove.
As ornaments oft do, too dangerous. Shak. Winter's Tale.
The bear, the boar, and every favage name.
Wild in effeCI, though in appearance tame.
Lay wafte thy woods, deftroy thy blifsful bow’r.
And muzzled though they feem, the mutes devour. Dryden.
Through the town with flow and folemn air,
Led by the noftril, walks the muzzled bear. Gay’s Pajl.
2. To fondle with the mouth clofe. A low word.
The nurfe was then muzzling and coaxing of the child.
L'Ejlrange’s Fables.
My. pronoun poffeffive. [See Mine.] Belonging to me. My
is ufed before a fubftantive, and mine anciently and properly
before a vowel. My is now commonly ufed indifferently be¬
fore both. My is ufed when the fubftantive follows/ and
mine when it goes before : as, this is my book; this book is
mine.
Her feet fhe in my neck doth place. Spenfer.
I conclude my reply with the words of a Chriftian poet.
Brarnhall.
If tny foul had free election
To difpofe of her affection. Waller.
I fhall prefent my reader with a journal. Addifon.
Mr1nchen. n.f. [myneben, Saxon.] A nun. Ditt.
My'ography. n.J. [/uvo^p^fpia..] A defeription of the mufcles.
My'ology. n.f. [myologie^ French.] The defeription and doc¬
trine of the mufcles.
To inftance in all the particulars, were to write a whrd#*
lyftem of myology. PbfdAff
My'opy. n.f Shortnefs of fight. r
My'riad. n.f. [fxup»«?.]
1. 7 he number of ten thoufand.
2. Proverbially any great number.
Alfemble thou,
Of all thofe myriads, which we lead, the chief. Milton.
Are there legions of devils who are continually defignina
and working our ruin ? there are alfo myriads of good angels
who are more cheerful and oificious to do us good. Tillotfen.
Safe fits the goddefs in her dark retreat;
Around her, myriads of ideas wait.
And endlefs fhapes. Prior
My'rmidon. n.f [p.vpy.r,ciuv.] Any rude ruffian; fo named
from the foldiers of Achilles.
I he mafs of the people will not endure £0 be governed by
lodius and Curio, at the head of their myrmidons, though
thefe be ever fo numerous, and compofed of their own reprefentatives. Swi„
Myro balan. n.f. [myrobalanus^, Latin.] A fruit.
The myrobalans are a dried fruit, of which we have five
kinds: they are flefhy, generally with a ftone and kernel,
laving the pulpy part more or lefs of an auftere acrid tafte:
t ey are the produdtion of five different trees growing in the
Lalt Indies, where they are eaten preferved : they ferve alfo
or making and for dreffing leather : they have been long in
great efteem for their quality of opening the bowels in a
gentle manner, and afterwards ftrengthening them by their
aftnngency ; but the prefent practice rejeasRhem all. Hill.
1 he myrobalan hath parts of contrary natures; for it is
fweet, and yet aftringent. Bacon’s Nat. Hift. N°! 644..
Myro polist. n.f. [p.upov and zsuXew.] One who fells un¬
guents.
Myrrh, n.f. [myrrha, Latin; myrrhe, Fr.] A gum.
Myrrh is a vegetable product of the gum refin kind, fent
to us in loofe granules from the fize of a pepper com to that
of a walnut, of a reddifh brown colour, with more or leis
of an admixture of yellow : its tafte is bitter and acrid, with
a peculiar aromatick flavour, but very naufeous : its fmell is
ftrong, but not difagreeable : it is brought from Ethiopia,
but the tree which produces it is wholly unknown. Our
myrrh is. the very drug known by the ancients under the fame
name : internally applied it is a powerful refolvenf, and ex¬
ternally applied it is difeutient and vulnerary. Hill’s M. Med.
The myrrhe fweet bleeding in the bitter wound. Spenfer.
I dropt in a little honey of rofes, with a few drops of tinc¬
ture of myrrh. Wifeman’s Surgery.
MftoneHINE' adj' [?nyrrh}'nus’ Latin-J Made of the myrfhine
How they quaff in gold,
Cryftal and myrrhine cups imbofs’d with gems
And ftuds of pearl. ^ Milton’s Par. Reg. b. iv.
Myrtiform. n.f. [myrtus andform.] Having the fhape of
myrtle.
My r 1 le. n.f. [myrtus, Latin; myrte, Fr.] A fragrant tree
facred to Venus.
, The fi°wer of the myrtle confifts of feveral leaves difpofed
in a circular order, which expand in form of a rofe; upon
the top of the foot-ftalk is the ovary, which has a fhort ftarlike cup, divided at the top into five parts, and expanded •
the ovary becomes an oblong umbilicated fruit, divided into
three cells, which are full of kidney-fhaped feeds. Miller
There will I make thee beds of rofes,
With a thoufand fragrant pofics ;
A cap of flowers, and a girdle
Imbroider’d all with leaves of myrtle. Sbakefpeare.
I was of late as petty to his ends,
As is the mom dew on the myrtle leaf
7 o his grand fea. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
. Democritus would have Concord like a fair virgin, hold¬
ing m one hand a pomegranate, in the other a bundle of
myrtle-, lor fuch is the nature of thefe trees, that if they be
planted though a good fpace one from the other, they will
meet, and with twining one embrace the other. Peacham
Nor can the mufe the gallant Sidney pafs
The plume of war ! with early lawrels crown’d.
The lover’s myrtle and the poet’s bay. Thomfon’s Summer
Myse'lf. n. f. [my and felfi]
1. An emphaticai word added to I: as, I myfelf do it; that is
not I by proxy; not another.
As his hoft,
I fhould againft his murth’rer fhut the door
Not bear the knife myfelf. Shakelp'mre's Mccbch
2. The reciprocal of I. in the oblique cafe. J ‘ '
7 hey have miffed another pain, againft which I fhould
have been at a loft to defend myfelf.
Mystagocue. n J. [f.vnyuyb(-, mpftagogm,Latin.] One
who interpret dmnemyfteries; alfo one who keeps church
relicks, and lliews them to ftrangers. Bailev
Myste riarch. n.J. [fwpjfnw and aptf.] One prefidin«
over myfteries. i r »
17 A 17 Z Mysterious.
M Y S M Y T
My^te'rIOUs; ad). \myjlerieux, French, from myjlery.]
I. Inacceffible to the underftanding ; awfully obfcure.
God at laft
To Satan, firft in fin, his doom apply d.
Though in myjlerious terms. Milton s Par. Lojl. Lx.
Then the true Son of knowledge firft appear d,
And the old dark myjlerious clouds were clear’d. Denham.
%. Artfully perplexed. a
Thofe princes who were moft diftmguifhed for their myjtefious fkill in government, found, by the event, that they ha
ill confulted their own quiet, or the happinefs of their people.
Swift's Thoughts on the State of Affairs.
Mysteriously, adv. [from myjlerious.]
1. In a manner above underftanding.
2. Obfcurely; enigmatically. _ ,
Our duty of preparation contained in this one word, try
or examine, being after the manner of myfteries, myjlerioujly
and fecretly deferibed, there is reafon to believe that there is
in it very much duty. Taylor s Worthy Communicant.
Each ftair myjlerioufy was meant. Milton.
Myste'riousness. n.f. [from myjlerious.]
1. Holy obfeurity. . . „ . ,
My purpofe is, to gather together into an union all thole
fevefal portions of truth, and differing apprehenfions of myJlerioufnefs. Taylors Worthy Communicant.
2. Artful difficulty or perplexity.
To My'sterize. v. a. [from myjlery.] To explain as enigmas.
Myjlerizing their enfigns, they make the particular ones of
the twelve tribes accommodable unto the twelve figns of the
zodiack. Browns Vulgar Errours, b. v.
MY'STERY. n.f [pvrtfiovmyjlere, Fr.j
f. Something above human intelligence; lomethmg aw u y
obfcure.
They can judge as fitly of his worth.
As I can of thole myjleries which heav’n
Will not have earth to know. Shakefpeare s Coriolanus.
Upon holy days, let the matter of your meditations be ac¬
cording to the myjlery of the day ; and to your ordinary de¬
votions of every day, add the prayer which is fitted to the
myjlery, ' a‘J' cr‘
If God {hould pleafe to reveal unto us this great myjlery of
the trinity, or fome other myjleries in our holy religion, we
fhould not be a[>leto underftand them, unlefs he would beftpw on us fome new faculties of the mind. Swift s Serm.
2. An enigma ; any thing artfully made difficult. ^ ,
To thy great comfort jn this myjlery of ill opinions, here s
the twin brother of thy letter. Shak. Mer. Wives ofWindfor.
Important truths ftill let your fables hold,
And moral myjleries with art unfold. Granville.
- A trade;' a calling: in this fenfe it ftiould, according to
Warburton, be written mijlery, from mejliero, French, a trade.
And that which is the nobleft myflerie, ,
Brings to reproach and common infamy. Hubberd's Tales,
Shakefpeare.
Inftrudtion, manners, myjleries and trades,
Degrees, obfervances, cuftoms and laws.
Decline to your confounding contraries.
My stical, f ,• [myflcus Latin.J
My'stick. S j j
1. Sacredly obfcure.
Let God himfelf that made me, let not man that knows
not himfelf, be my inftructor concerning the myjlical way to
heaven. . Hooker, b- i.
From falvation all flefh being excluded this way, God hath
revealed a way myjlical and fupernatural. Hooker, b. l.
2. Involving fome fecret meaning; emblematical.
Ye five other wand’ring fires ! that move
In myjlick dance not without fong, refound
His praife, who out of darknefs call’d up light. . Milton.
It is Chrift’s body in the facrament and out of it; but in
the facrament not the natural truth, but the fpiritual and my~
ft'lcal Taylor's Worthy Communicant.
It is plain from the Apocalypfe, that myjlical Babylon is to
be confumed by fire. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
3. Obfcure ; fecret.
Left new fears difturb the happy ftate,
Know, I have fearch’d the myjlick rolls of fate. Dryden.
My'stically. adv. [from myjlical.] In a manner, or by an
a£t, implying fome fecret meaning.
Thefe two in thy facred bofom hold.
Till myjlically join’d but one they be. Donne.
My'sticalness. n.f [from myjlicalJ Involution of fome fe¬
cret meaning.
Mythological, adj. [from mythology.'] Relating to the ex¬
plication of fabulous hiftory.
The original of the conceit was probably hieroglyphical,
which after became mythological, and by tradition ftole into a
total verity, which was but partially true in its covert fenfe
and morality. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Mytholo'gically. adv. [from mythological] In a manner
fuitable to the fyftdm of fables.
Mythq'logist. n.f. [from mythology.] A relator or expofitot
of the ancient fables ot the heathens.
The grammarians and mythologijls feem to be altogether
unacquainted with his writings. Creech.
It wai a celebrated problem among ancient mythologijls^
What was the ftrongeft thing, what the wifeft, and what the
greateft ? Norris's Mifcel.
To Mytho'logije. v. n. [from mythology.] To relate or explain the fabulous hiftory of the heathens.
Mytho'logy. n.f and Xby<^f i mythclogie, French.]
Syftem of fables; explication of the fabulous hiftory of the
gods of the heathen world.
The modefty of mythology deferves to be commended : the
feenes there are laid at a diftance; it is once upon a time, in
the days of yore, and in the land of Utopia. Bentleyt
N
N.
N A K N A M
A femivowel,has in Englifh an invariable found;
as, no, name, net; it is fometimes after m al*
moft loft; as, condemn, contemn. .
To Nab. v. a. [nappa, Swedilh.]
To catch unexpectedly) to feize without
warning. A word feldom ufed but in low language.
NADIR, n.f [Arabick.] The point under foot directly oppoftte to the zenith..
As far as four bright figns comprize.
The diftant zenith from the nadir lies. Creech.
Naff. n.f A kind of tufted fea-bird.
Nag. n.J. [nagge, Dutch.]
1. A fmall horfe. A horfe in familiar language.
A hungry lion would fain have been dealing with good
horfe-flefh ; but the nag would be too fleet. L'Efrange.
Thy nags, the leaneft things alive.
So very hard thou lov’ft to drive. Prior.
2. A paramour; in contempt.
Your ribauld nag of Egypt
Hoifts fails, and flies. Shakefpeare's Ant. and Cleopatra.
NAIL. n. f. [ncegl, Saxon ; nagel, German.]
j. The hard cruft or horny fubftance at the ends of the fingers
and toes.
My nails can reach unto thine eyes. Shakefpeare.
The meaneft fculptor in th’ Afmilian fquare,
Can imitate in brafs, the nails and hair ;
Expert in trifles. _ Dryden.
The nails of our fingers give ftrength to thofe parts in the
various fundions they are put to ; and defend the numerous
nerves and tendons that are under them, Ray.
2. The talons of birds and beafts.
3. A fpike of metal by which things are faftened together.
As one nail by ftrength drives out another 3
So the remembrance of my former love
Is by a newer object foon forgotten. Shakefpeare.
kor the body of the fhips, no nation doth equal England,
nor for the oaken timber to build them ; and we need not
borrow iron for fpikes or nails, to fallen them together.
Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
The load-ftone mines in the fhore of India, are fo placed
in abundance and vigor, that it proves an adventure of ha¬
zard to pafs thofe coafts in a fhip with iron nails.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3.
A beechen pail
Hung by the handle, on a driven nail. Dryden.
An equivocal word ufed for the nail of the hand or.foot,
and for an iron nailto fallen any thing. Watts.
4. A Stud ; a bofs.
5. A kind of meafure ; two inches and a quarter.
6. On the nail. Readily 3 immediately 3 without
fuppofe from a counter ftudded with nails.
We want our money on the nail,
The banker’s ruin’d if he pays.
To Nail. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fallen with nails.
To the crofs he nails thv enemies,
The law that is againft thee, and the fins
Of all mankind, with him are crucify’d. Milton's P. Left.
He clafp d his hand upon the wounded part.
The fecond lhaft came fwift and unefpy’d,
And pierc’d his hand, and nail'd it to his fide. Dryden
2. To ftud with nails. J
In golden armour glorious to behold.
The rivets of your arms were nail'd with, gold. Dryden.
Nailer, n. f. [from nail.J One whofe trade is to forge nails 3
a nail-maker.
NA'KED. adj. [nacob, Saxon.]
1.Wanting cloaths 3 uncovered 3 bare.
Aphilofopherbeingalked in what a wife man differed from
a fool ? anfwered, fend them both naked to thofe who know
them not, and you fhall perceive. Bacon, Apophth. 242.
He pitying how they flood
Before him naked to the air, that now
delay. I
Swift's Poems.
Miift fuffer change;
As father of his family, he clad
I heir nakednefs with Ikins of beafts. Milton, P. Loti,
Ungrateful men,
Behold my bofom naked to your fwords,
And let the man that’s injur’d ftrike the blow. Addifon,
1.Unarmed) defencelefs 5 unprovided.
Had I but ferv’d my God with half the zeal
I ferv’d my king, he would not'in mine age
Have left we naked to mine enemies. Shakef Henry VIII,
3. Plain 3 evident 5 not hidden.
The truth appears fo naked on my fide,
That any Purb!ind e>'e may find it out. Shakef Hen VI
4. Mere 5 bare 3 wanting the neceffary additions 3 limple • abllraded. r ’
Not that God doth require nothing unto happinefs at the
hands of men, faving only a naked belief, for hope and cha¬
nty we may not exclude) but that without belief all other
things are as nothing, and it is the ground of thofe other di-,
vine virtues. ‘ Hooker, b. i. p. 37.
Nakedly, adv. * *>'
1. Without covering.
2. Simply) merely) barely; in the abftrad.
Though feveral fingie letters nakedly conffdered, are found
to be articulations only of fpirit or breath, and not of breath
vocalized ; yet there is that property in all letters of aptnefs,
to be conjoined in fyllables.
3. Difcoverably; evidently.
So blinds the fharpeft counfels of the wife
This overfhadowing Providence on high,
And dazzleth all their cleareft fighted’eyes,
• That they fee not how nakedly they lie. Daniel Civil War,
Nakedness, n.f. [from naked.]
1. Nudity) want of covering.
My face I’ll grime with ffkh ;
And with prefented nakednefs out-face
I he winds and perlecutions of the fky. Sha. K. Lear
Nor he their outward only, with "the Ikins
Of beafts ; but inward nakednefs, much more
Opprobrious ! with his robe of righteoufnefs
Arraying, cover’d from his father’s light. Milton.
I entreat my gentle readers to fow on their tuckers a^ain,
anu not to imitate the nakednefs, but the innocence of their
mother Eve. Addifon's Guard. Np. 100.
Thou to be ftrong muft put off every drefs,
Thy only armour is thy nakednefs. Prior
2. Want of provifion for defence.
Spies, to fee the nakednefs of the land are come. Gen, xlii, q,
3. Plainnefs ; evidence; want of concealment. ' ’ ’
Why feek'ft thou to cover with excufe
That which appears in proper nakednefs ? Shakef.
Nall, n.f An awl, fuch as collar-makers ufe. Puffer,
Whole bridle and faddle, whitleather and nail, M
With collars and harnefs. Tu/Tpr's Hud>
NAME. n.f. [nama, Saxon ; naem, Dutch; anam, Erfe./ *
1. The diferiminative appellation of an individual.
What is thy name ?
Thou’lt be afraid to hear it.
N o : though thou call ft thyfelf a hotter name
. Than any is in hell.
My name s Macbeth. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
He called their names after the names his father had called
them. r> 0
t 1 , . Gen. xxvi. 18.
i know thee by name. px XY „
2. 1 he term by which any kind or fpecies is diftinmiifhed
What’s in a name? That which we call a lofe
By any other name would fmell as fweet ’ Shak.f
If every particular idea that we take in, (hould have a
diitmct name, names muft be cndlefs r t
3. Perfon. * Loc*e'
They lift with women each degenVatc name.
VV ho Clares not hazard life for future fame. Vryden.
4. Reputation; charader. x
6 ’C J The 18 A
NAM
The kiiig’s army was the laft enemy the well: had beeft
acquainted with, and had left no good name behind.
Clarendon, b. viii.
5* Renown ; fame; celebrity; eminence; praife ; remembrance ;
memory ; diftindtion ; honour.
What men of name refort to him ?
Sir Walter Herbert, a renowned foldier 5
And Rice ap Thomas with a valiant crew.
And many others of great name and worth. Shakef.
Vifit eminerit perfons of great name abroad ; to tell how
the life agreeth with the fame. Bacon s EJfays, N . 19.
Here reft thy bones in rich Hefperia’s plains,
Thy 7tame, ’tis all a ghoft can have, remains. Dryden.
A hundred knights
Approv’d in fight, and men of mighty name. Dryden.
Thefe fhall be towns of mighty fame,
Tho’ now they lie obfeure, and lands without a name.
Dryden, /En. vi.
Bartolus is of great name; whofe authority is as^ much
valued amongft the modern lawyers, as Papinian s was
among the ancients. Baker's RefeCt. on Learning.
6. Power delegated ; imputed character.
In the name of the people.
And in the power of us the tribunes, we
Banilh him. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
J. Fl&ltious imputation.
When Ulyfles with fallacious arts,
Had forg’d a treafon in my patron’s name,
My kinfman fell. Dryden, dEn. ,
8. Appearance; not reality; affirmed character.
I’ll to him again, in the name of Brook;
He’ll tell me all his purpofe. Sba. Mer. IV\ of JVindfor.
There is a friend which is only a friend in name.
Ecclus. xxxvii.
§. An opprobrious appellation.
Bids her confefs ; calls her ten thoufand names;
In vain fhe kneels. Granvil's Poems.
Like the watermen of Thames
I row by, and call them names. Swift's Mifcel.
To Name. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To diferiminate by a particular appellation.
I mention here a fon of the king’s whom Florizel
I now name to you ; and with fpeed fo pace
To fpeak of Perdita. Shakefpeare's Win. Tale.
Thou haft had feven hufbands, neither waft thou named
after any of them. Tab. iii. 8.
His name was called Jefus, which was fo named of the
annel before he was conceived. Luke 11. 21.
O
2. To mention by name.
Accuftom not thy mouth to fwearing : neither ufe thyfelf
to the naming of the Holy One. Ecclus. xxiii. 9.
5. To fpecify ; to nominate.
Did my father’s godfon feck your life ?
He whom my father nam'd ? your Edgar. Shakefpeare.
Bring me him up whom I fhall name. 1 Sam. xxviii. 8.
Let any one na?ne that propofition, whofe terms or ideas
were either of them innate. Locke.
4. To utter; to mention.
Let my name be named on them. Gen. xlviii. 16.
Na'meless. adj. [from name.']
t. Not diftinguifhed by any diferiminative appellation.
On the cold earth lies th’ unregarded king,
A headlefs carcafs, and a namelefs thing. Denham.
The milky way,
Fram’d of many namelefs ftars. Waller.
Thy reliques, Rowe, to this fair fhrine we truft,
And facred, place by Dryden’s awful duft ;
Beneath a rude and namelefs ftone he lies,
To which thy tomb fhall guide enquiring eyes. Pope.
2. One of which the name is not known or mentioned.
Little credit is due to accufations of this kind, when they
come from fufpedted, that is, from namelefs pens.
Atterbury's Sermons.
Na'mely. adv. [from name.] Particularly; fpecially; to men¬
tion by name.
It can be to nature no injury, that of her we fay the
fame which diligent beholders of her works have cbferved ;
namely, that fhe provideth for all living creatures nourifhment which may luffice. Hooker, b. iii4*
Which of thefe forrows is he fubjedt to ?
To none of thefe, except it be the laft;
Homely, feme love that drew him oft from home. Sha.
rI he council making remonftrances unto queen Elizabeth,
of the continual confpiracies againft her life; and namely,
that a man was lately taken, who ftood ready in a very
dangerous and fufpicious manner to do the deed ; advifed her
to go lefs abroad weakly attended. But the queen anfwered, that fhe had rather be dead, than put in cuftody.
Bacon, Apophth. 14.
For the excellency of the foul, namely, its power of di¬
vining in dreams ; that feveral fuch divinations have been
made, hone can queftion. Addifon's Spectator.
NAP
Solomon’s choice does not only inftruct us in that point
of hiftory, but furnifhes out a very fine moral to us;namely,
that he who applies his heart to wifdom, does at the lame
time take the moft proper method for gaining long life*
riches, and reputation. Addifon's Guardian.
Na'mer. n.f. [name.] One who calls or knows any by name.
Namesake, n.f. One that has the fame name with another.
Nor does the dog fifh at fea, much more make out the
doo- of land, than that his cognominal, or namefake in the
heavens. Broivn's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
One author is a mole to another : it is impoflible for
them to difeover beauties ; they have eyes only for blemifhes:
they can indeed fee the light, as is laid of their namefakes\
but immediately fhut their eyes. Addifon's Spectator.
NAP. n.f. [pnoeppan, Saxon, tofleep.J
1. Slumber; a fhort fleep.
Mopfa fat fwallowing of fleep with open mouth making
fuch a noife, as no body could lay the ftealing of a nap to
her charge. Sidney, b. ii.
Let your bounty
Take a nap, and I will awake it anon. Shakefpeare.
The fun had long fince in the lap
Of Thetis, taken out his nap. Hudibras, p. iiSo Iona as I’m at the forge you are ftill taking your nap.
L'EJlrange, Fab.
2. [Jmoppa, Saxon.] Down ; villous fubftance.
Amongft thole leaves file made a butterfly
With excellent device and wondrous flight;
The velvet nap, which on his wings doth lie,
The filken down, with which his back is dight. Spenfer.
Jack Cade the clothier, means to drefs the Common¬
wealth, and fet a new nap upon it. Shakef.
Plants, though they have no prickles, have a kind of
downy or velvet rind upon their leaves; which down or nap
cometh of a fubtil fpirit, in a foft or fat fubftance. Bacon.
Ah ! where muft needy poet feek for aid
When duft and rain at once his coat invade ;
His only coat! where duft confus’d with rain
Roughens the nap, and leaves a mingled ftain. Swift.
To Napp. v. a. [pneeppan, Saxon.] To fleep ; to be drowfy
or fecure.
They took him napping in his bed. Hudibras, p. i.
A wolf took a dog napping at his mafter’s door. L'Ejlran.
What is ferioufly related by Helmont, that foul linen,
ftopt in a veflel that hath wheat in it, will in twenty-one
days time turn the wheat into mice ; without conjuring,
one may guefs to have been the philofophy and information
of fome houfewife, who had not fo carefully covered her
wheat, but that the mice could come at it, and were there
taken napping, juft when they had made an end of their
good chear. Bentley's Sermons<
Na'ptaking. n.f. [nap and take.] Surprize; feizure on a
fudden ; unexpected onfet, like that made on men afleep.
Naptakings, aflaults, fpoilings, and firings, have in our fore¬
father’s days, between us and France, been very common.
Carcw.
NAPE. n.f. [Of uncertain etymology. Skinner imagines it
to come from nap, the hair that grows on it ; Junius, with
his ufual Greek fagacity, from vdzsn, a hill; perhaps from
the fame root with knob.] The joint of the neck behind.
Turn your eyes towards the napes of your necks, and
make but an interiour furvey of your good felves. Shakef.
Domitian dreamed, the night before he was flain, that a
golden head was growing out of the nape of his neck. Bacon.
Na'pery. n.f. [naperia, Italian.] Table-linen. DieCl.
Na'phew. n.f. [napus, Lat.] An herb.
Naphtha, n.f. [naphtha, Latin.]
Naphtha is a very pure, clear, and thin mineral fluid, of
a very pale yellow, with a caft of brown in it. It is foft
and oily to the touch, of a fharp and unpleafing tafte, and
of a brifk and penetrating fmell; of the bituminous kind. It
is extremely ready to take fire, and in places where it is
frequent, it exhales a vapour that takes fire at the approach
of any flame, and burns to a great diftance, fometimes fpreading in an inftant over half a mile or more of ground, and
continuing alight a great while. It is found floating on the
waters of ft rings. It is principally ufed externally in paralytick cafes, and in pains of the limbs. Hill's Mat. Med.
Strabo reprefents it as a liquation of bitumen. It fwims
on the top of the water of wells and fprings. That found
about Babylon is in fome fprings whitifh, tho’ it be gene¬
rally black, and differs little from Petroleum. JVoodward.
Na'ppiness. n.f. [nappy.] The quality of having a nap.
Na'pkin. n.f. [from nap ; which etymology is oddly favoured
by Virgil, Tonfifque ferunt mantilia vilhs ; naperia, Italian.]
I. Cloaths ufed at table to wipe the hands.
By art were weaved napkins, fhirts, and coats, inronfumptible by fire. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The fame matter was woven into a napkin at Louvain,
which was cleanfed by being burnt in the fire. Wilkins.
Napkins, Heliogabalus had of cloth of gold, but thev
were moft commonly of liunen, or foft wool. Arbuthnot.
2. A
N A R N A R
5. A hankerchief. Obfolete. This fenfe is retained in Scot¬
land.
T am jrlad I have found this napkin ;
This was her fird remembrance from the moor. Shake/.
Na'pless. ad), [from nap.] Wanting nap; threadbare.
Were he to dand for conlul, ne’er would he
Appear in th’ market place, nor on him put
The naplefs vedure of humility. Shake/. CoriolanUs.
Na'ppy. adj. [from nap. Mr. Lye derives it from nappe, Saxon,
a cup.] Frothy; fpumy ; from nap; whence apples and
ale are called lamb’s wooll.
When I my threfher heard.
With nappy beer 1 to the barn repair’d. Gay’s Part.
AARCl'SSUS. n./. [Latin; narcijje, Fr.] A daffodil.
Nor Narci/fus fair
As o’er the fabled mountain hanging dill. Thom/cn.
Narco tick. adj. [vxgxoco ; narcotique, Fr.J Producing tor¬
por, or dupefadtion.
Isarcotick includes all that part of the materia mcdica, which
any way produces fleep, whether called by this name, or
hypnoticks, or opiates. Sjuincy.
I he ancients edeemed it narcotick or dupefadtive, and it is
to be found in the lift of poifons by Dio/corides.
Brown s Vulgar Errours, b. vi.
Nard. n./. [nardus, Lat. \ix?§(&, Gr.J
I. Spikenard ; a kind of ointment.
1. An odorous fhrub.
Smelt o’the bud o’the briar,
Or the nard in the fire. Ben. John/cn’s Underwoods.
He now is come
Into the blifsful field, thro’ groves of myrrh,
And flow’ring odours, caflia, nard and balm. Milton.
Nare. n. /. [naris, L atin.] A noilril not ufed, except as in
the following palTage, in affectation.
There is a Machiavelian plot,
Though every nare olfact it not. Httdibras, p. i. cant. i.
Na'rwhale. n./. A fpecies of whale.
Thofe long horns preferved as precious beauties, are but
the teeth cf narwhales. Brown's Vulg. Err. b. iii.
Na'rrable. adj. [from narro.} Capable to be told or re¬
lated.
Na'rrate. v. a. [narro, Latin.] To relate j to tell ; a
word only ufed in Scotland.
NARRATION, n./ {narration Latin j narration, Fr.] Ac¬
count ; relation ; hiftory.
He did doubt of the truth of that narration. Abbot.
They that defire to look into the narrations of the ftory,
for the variety of the matter we have been careful might
have profit. 2 Mac. ii. 24.
Homer introduces the bell inductions, in the midft of the
plained: narrations. Note) on the Ody/y.
Na'rrative. adj. [narrati/-ve, Fr. from narro, Lat.]
1. Relating; giving an account.
The words of all judicial adds are written narratively, unlefs it be in fentences difpofitive and enacting ; therefore cre¬
dit ought to be given to thefe ads, though the words be
narrative. _ Aylife's Parergon.
2. Storytelling; apt to relate things pad:.
Age, as Davenant fays, is always narrative. Dryden,
The poor, the rich, the valiant and the fage,
And bonding youth, and narrative old age. Pope.
Na'rrative. n./. A relation; an account; a dory.
In the indructions I here give to others, concerning what
they fhould do, take a narrative of what you have done.
South's Sermons.
Cynthio was much taken with my narrative. Tatler, N°. 58.
Na'rr atively. adv. [from narrative.] By way of relation.
The words of all judicial ads are written narratively, unlefs it be in fentences wherein difpofitive and enading terms
are made ufe of. Aylijje's Parergon.
Narra'tor. n./ [;narraicur, French ; from narro, Latin.] A
teller; a relater.
Confider whether the narrator be honed and faithful, as
well as fkiltul; whether he hath no peculiar gain or profit
by believing or reporting it. Watts's Logick.
To Na rrify. v. a. [from narro, Latin.] To relate; to give
account of; not in ufe.
I ever narri/y d my friends,
Of whom he is chief, with all the fize that verity
Would without lapfing fuffer. Shake/peare.
NA'RROW. adj. [neapu, Saxon, from nyp, near.]
1. Not broad or wide, having but a fmall didance from fide to
fide.
Edward from Belgia,
Hath pafs’d in fafety thro’ the narrow feas. Shake/peare.
The Angel dood in a narrow place, where was no way
to turn either to the right hand or to the left. Numb. ii. 26.
In a narrow-bottom’d ditch cattle cannot turn themfelves.
Mortimer's Iiujbandry.
2. Small; of no great extent.
From this narrow time of gedation may enfue a fmallnefs
in the exclufior.; but this inferreth no informity. Brown.
3. Covetous; dvafitious.
To narrow breads he comes all wrdpt In gain,
To fwelling hearts he dimes in honour’s fire. Sidney»
4. Contraded ; of confined fsntimerits ; ungenerous.
Nothing more Ihakes any fociery than nlean divifions be¬
tween the fevcral orders of its members, and their narrowhearted repining at each other’s gain. Sprat's Serm.
The greated underdanding is narrow. How much of
God and nature is there, whereof we never had any idea ?
Grew, Co/mol. b. ii. c. 8.
The hopes of receiving good from thofe whom we gra¬
tify, would produce but a very narrow and dinted charity.
Smollridge's Sermons.
. A falamander grows familiar with a drangcr at fird fight,
and is not fo narrow-f/mttd as to obferve, whether the perfon die talks to, be in breeches or in petticoats. Addi/on.
It is with narrow-fouVd people as with narrow-neck’d.
bottles; the lefs they have in them the more noife they make
in pouring it out. Swi/t's M/cellanies»
5. Near ; within a fmall didance.
Then MnedheUs to the head his arrow drove.
But made a glancing diot, and mifs’d the dove;
\ et mifs’d fo narrow, that he cut the cord
Which faden’d by the foot the flitting bird; Dryden„
6. Clofe ; vigilant; attentive.
The orb he roam’d
With narrow fearch ; and with inflection deep
Confider’d ev’ry creature, which of all
Mod opportune might ferve his wiles. Milt. Par. Lojl.
Many malicious fpies are fearching into the addons of a
great man, who is not always the bed prepared for fo narroiu an infpection. Addi/on's Spectator, N°. 265,
To Na'rrow. v. a. [from the adjective.]
1. To diminidi with refpect to breadth or widened.
In the wall he made nan-owed reds, that the beams fhould
not be fadened in the walls of the houfe. 1 Kings vi. 6.
By reafon of the great Continent of Brafilia, the needle
deflecteth toward the land twelve degrees ; but at the Straits
of Magellan, where the land is narrowed, and the fea on
the other fide, it varieth about five or fix. Brown's V. Err.
A government, which by alienating the affections, lofing
the opinions, and eroding the intereds of the people, leaves
out of its compafs the greated part of their confent, may
judly be faid, in the fame degrees it lofes ground, to narrow
its bottom. Temple’s Mi/cel.
2. To contract; to impair in dignity of extent or influence.
One fcience is incomparably above all the red, where it
is not by corruption narrowed into a trade, for mean or ill
ends, and fecular intereds ; I mean, theology, which con¬
tains the knowledge of God and his creatures. Locke'sWorks.
3. To contract in fentiment or capacity of knowledge.
Defuetude does contract and narrotv our faculties, fo that
we can apprehend only thofe things in which we are converfant. Government 0/ the Tongue.
How hard it is to get the mind, narrowed by a fcanty
collection of common ideas, to enlarge itfelf to a more co¬
pious dock. Locke's Works*
Lo ! ev’ry finilh’d fon returns to thee !
Bounded by nature, narrow'd dill by art,
A trifling head, and a contracted heart. Pope's Dune, b. iv.
4. To confine; to limit.
By admitting too many things at once into one quedion,
the mind is dazzled and bewildered ; whereas by limiting
and narrowing the quedion, you take a fuller furvey of the
whole. Watts's Logick.
Our knowledge is much more narrow'd, if we confine
ourlelves to our own folitary reafonings, without much read¬
ing. Watts.
5. [In farriery.] A horfe is faid to narrow, when he does not
take ground enough, and does not bear far enough out to
the one hand or to the other. Farr. Din.
Narrowly, adv. [from narrow.]
1. With little breadth or widenefs; with fmall didance between
the fides.
2. Contractedly ; without extent.
The church of England is not fo narrorvly calculated, that
it cannot fall in with any regular fpecies of government.
Swi/t's Sentim. 0/ the Church 0/ England.
3. Clofely ; vigilantly ; attentively.
My fellow-fchoolmader
Doth watch Bianca’s deps fo narroivly. Shake/peare,
If it be narrowly confidered, this colour will be repre¬
hended or encountered, by imputing to all excellencies in
compofitions a kind of poverty. Bacon.
Eor a confiderable treafure bid in my vilteyard, fearch
narrowly when I am gone. L'EJlrange.
A man’s reputation draws eyes upon him that will narrowly
infpect every part of him. Addi/on.
4. Nearly ; within a little.
Some private veflels took one of the Aquapulca Ihips, and
very narrowly mifled of the other. Swi/t.
5. Avaritiouflyj fparingly.
3
Na'rrow-
NAT N A T
Na'rrowness. n.f. [from narrow.']
1. Want of breadth or widenefs.
In our Gothic cathedrals, the narroivnefs ofthe arch makes
it rife in height, or run out in length. Addifon on Italy.
2. Want of extent; want of comprehenfion.
That prince, who fhould be fo wife and godlike, as by
eftablifhed laws of liberty to fecure protection and encourage¬
ment to the honeft induftry of mankind, againft the oppreffion of power, and narroivnefs of party, will quickly be too
hard for his neighbours. Locke s Works.
3. Confined (fate ; contra&ednefs.
The mod learned and ingenious fociety in Europe, confefs the narrownefs of human attainments. Glanv. Scept.
Cheap vulgar arts, whofe narrownefs affords
No flight for thoughts, but poorly flicks at words. Denhatn.
The latin, a moft fevere and compendious language, of¬
ten expreffes that in one word, which either the barbarity
or the narrownefs of modern tongues cannot fupply in more.
Dryden.
4. Meannefs; poverty.
If God will fit thee for this paffage, by taking off thy load,
and emptying thy bags, and fo fuit the narrownefs of thy for¬
tune to the narrownefs of the way thou art to pafs, is there
any thing but mercy in all this ? South's Sermons.
5. Want of capacity.
Another difpofition in men, which makes them improper
for philofophical contemplations, is not fo much from the
narrownefs of their fpirit and underflanding, as becaufethey
will nottake time to extend them. Burn. Theo. of the Earth.
Nas. [from ne has, or has not.]
For pity’d is mifhap that nas remedy.
But fcorn’d been deeds of fond foolery. Spenfer.
Na'sal. adj. [nafus, Latin.] Belonging to the nofe.
To pronounce the nafals, and fome of the vowels fpiritally, the throat is brought to labour, and it makes a gut¬
tural pronunciation. Holder s Elements of Speech.
When the difeharge lelfens, pafs a fmall probe through
the nafal dudf into the nofe every time it is dreft, in order
to dilate it a little. Sharp's Surgery.
Na'sicornous. adj. [nafus and cornu.] Having the horn on
the nofe.
Some unicorns are among infe£ts; as thofe four kinds of
naficornous beetles deferibed by Muffetus. Brown's V. Err.
NA'STY. adj. [naft, nat, German, wet.]
1. Dirty; filthy; fordid; naufeous ; polluted.
Sir Thomas More, in his anfwer to Luther, has thrown
out the greateft heap of nafty language that perhaps ever was
put together. Attcrbury.
A nice man, is a man of nafy ideas. Swift.
1.Obfcene ; leud.
Na'stily. adv. [from nafly.]
1. Dirtily; filthily; naufeoufly.
The moft pernicious infection next the plague, is the fmell
of the jail, when prifoners have been long and clofe and
nafily kept. Bacon's Natural Hifory.
2. Obfcenely ; grofsly..
Na'stiness. n. f. [from nafly.]
1. Dirt; filtfi.
This caufed the feditious to remain within their ftation,
which by reafon of the nafinefs of the beaftly multitude,
might more fitly be termed a kennel than a camp. Hayward.
Haughty and huge, as high Dutch bride,
Such naflincfs and fo much pride
Are oddly join’d by fate, Swift.
2. Obfcenity ; grofsnefs of ideas.
Their nafinefs, their dull obfcene talk and ribauldry,
cannot but be very naufeous and offenfive to any who does
not baulk his own reafon, out of love to their vice. South.
A divine might have employed his pains to better purpofe, than in the nafinefs of Plautus and Ariftophancs. Dry.
Natal, adj. [natal, Fr. natalis, Latin.] Native; relating to
nativity.
Since the time of Henry III. princes children took names
from' their natal places, as Edward of Carnarvon, Thomas
of Brotherton. Camden.
Propitious ftar ! whofe facred pow’r
Prefided o’er the monarch’s natal hour.
Thy radiant voyages for ever run. Prior.
Nata'tion. n.f. [naiatio, Latin.] The acl of fwimming.
In progreflive motion, the arms and legs move fucceflively,
but in natation both together. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Na'thless. ad., [na, that is, not the lefs, Saxon.] Neverthclefs ; formed thus, nathelefs, nath'lejs. Obfolete.
Nathllefs, my brother fince wc palled are
Unto this point, we will appeafe our jar. Spenfer.
The torrid clime
Smote on him fore befides, vaulted with fire.
Nathlefs he fo endur’d, ’till on the beach
Of that inflmed fea he flood, and call’d
His legions. Milton’s Paradife Lof.
Na'thmore. adv: [na the more.] Never the more.
Yet nat.hmore by his bold hearty fpcech,
Could his blood-frozen heart embolden’d be. Spenfer*
NATION, n.f. [nation, Yx.natio, Latin.] A people diftinguifhed from another people ; generally by then language,
original, or government.
If Edward III. had profpered in his French wars, and
peopled with Englilh the towns which he won, as he began at
Calais driving out the French, his fucceftors holding the fame
courfe, would have filled all France with our nation. RaL
A nation properly fignifies a great number ot families de¬
rived from the fame blood, born in the fame country, and
living under the fame government. Temple.
Na'tional. adj. [national, Fr. from nation.]
1. Publick ; general; net private ; not particular.
They in their earthly Canaan plac’d.
Long time (hail dwell and profper: but when fins
National interrupt their public peace. Milton's P. Lof.
Such a national devotion infpires men with fentiments of
religious gratitude, and fwells their hearts with joy and ex¬
ultation. Addifon's Freeholder, NT 49,
The aftonifhing victories our armies have been crowned
with, were in fome meafure the bleffings returned upon that
national charity which has been fo confpicuous. Addifon.
God, in the execution of his judgments, never vifits a people
with public and-general calamities, but where their fins are
public and national too. Rogers’s Sermons.
2. Bigotted to one’s own country.
Nationally, adv. [from national.] With regard to the
nation.
The term adulterous chiefly relates to the Jews, who
being nationally efpoufed to God by covenant, every fin of
theirs was in a peculiar manner fpiritual adultery. South.
Na'tionalness. n. f. [from national.] Reference to the
people in general.
NATIVE, adj. [nativus, Latin; natif-ve, Fr.] Produced by
nature ; natural, not artificial.
She more fvveet than any bird cn bough.
Would oftentimes amongft them bear a part.
And ftrive to pafs, as fhe could well enough.
Their native mufick by her fkilful art. Fairy fL b. ii.
This doeftrine doth not enter by the ear,
But of itfelf is native in the breaft. Davies*
2. Natural; fuch as is according to nature.
The members retired to their homes, reaflume the native
fedatenefs of their temper. Swift•
3. Conferred by birth.
But ours is a privilege ancient and native,
Hangs not on an ordinance, or power legiflative ;
And firft, ’tis to fpeak whatever we pleafe. Denham.
4. Relating to the birth ; pertaining to the time or place of birth.
If thele men have defeated the law, and outrun native
punifhment; though they can outftrip men they have no
wings to fly from God. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Many of our bodies {hall, no doubt.
Find native graves. Shakef. Hen. V.
5. Original; natural.
Have I now feen death ? is this the way
I muft return to native duft ? O fight
. j
Of terror, foul, and ugly to behold. Milt. Par. Lof.
'tive. n.f.
I* One born in any place ; original inhabitant.
Th’ accufation,
All caufe unborn, could never be the native
Of our fo frank donation. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Make no extirpation of the natives, under pretence of
planting religion, God furely will no way be pleafed with
fuch facrifices. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
Tully, the humble mufhroom fcarcely known.
The lowly native of a country town. Dryden's Juv.
There flood a monument to Tacitus the hiftorian, to the
emperors Tacitus and Florianus, ail natives of the place.
Addifon on Italy.
2. Offspring.
NaTiveness. n.f. [from native.] State of being produced
by nature.
Na'tivity. n.f. [nativite, French.]
1. Birth ; ifi’ue into life.
Concluding ever with a thankfgiving for the nativity of
our Saviour, in whofe birth the births of all are only blelled.
Bacon.
2. Time, place, or manner of birth.
My hufband, and my children both,
And you the calenders of their nativity,
Go to a goflip’s feaft. Shakef. Com. of Errors.
They fay there is divinity in odd numbers, either in na¬
tivity, chance, or death. Shakef. Merr. IV. of Win.
When I vow, I weep ; and vows fo born.
In their nativity all truth appears. Shakej.Mid. N. Dream.
' Thy birth and thy nativity is of Canaan. Ezek. xvi. 3.
3. State or place of being produced.
Thefe, in their dark nativity, the deep
Shall yield us, pregnant with infernal flame. Alilton.
NATURAL, adj. [naturel, French, from nature.]
1. Pro-
NAT nay
1. Produced or effe&ed by nature.
There is no natural motion of any particular heavy body,
which is perpetual, yet it is poffible from them to contrive
fuch an artificial revolution as lhall conftantly be the caufe
of itfelf. Wilkini's Dedalus.
2. Illegitimate.
This would turn the vein of that we call natural, to that
of legal propagation ; which has ever been encouraged as
the other has been disfavoured by all inftitutions. Temple.
3. Bellowed by nature.
If there be any difference in natural parts, it fhould feem
that the advantage lies on the fide of children born from
noble and wealthy parents. Swift.
4. Not forced; not farfetched ; dictated by nature.
I will now deliver a few of the propereft and natilrallcjl
confiderations that belong to this piece. Wotton's Arch.
5. Confonant to natural notions.
Such unnatural connections become, by cultofn, as na¬
tural to the mind as lun and light: fire and warmth go to¬
gether, and fo feem to carry with them as natural an evi¬
dence as felf-evident truths themfelyes. Locke.
6. Tender; affectionate by nature.
To leave his wife, to leave his babes,
He wants the nat'ral touch. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
7. UnaffeCted ; according to truth and reality.
What can be more natural than the circumltances in the
behaviour of thofe women who had loft their hufbands on
this fatal day. Addifon.
8. Oppofed to violent; as, a natural death.
Na'tural. n.f [from nature.]
1. An idiot; one whom nature debars from underftanding; a
fool.
That a monfter fhould be fuch a natural. Shakefpeare.
Take the thoughts of one out of that narrow compafs he
has been all his life confined to, you will find him no more
capable of reafoning than a perfeCt natural. ' Locke.
2. Native ; original inhabitant.
The inhabitants and naturals of the place, fhould be in a
ftate of freemen. Abbot's Defcription of the World.
Oppreffion, in many places, wears the robes of juftice,
which domineering over the naturals may not fpare ftrangers,
and ftrangers will not endure it. Raleigh's EJfays.
3. Gift of nature; nature; quality.
The wretcheder are the contemners of all helps ; fuch as
prefuming on their own naturals, deride diligence, and mock
atterms when they underftand not things. Ren. Johnfon.
To confider them in their pure naturals, the earl’s intel¬
lectual faculties were his ftronger part, and the duke, his prac¬
tical. Wotton.
Na'turalist. n.f [from natural.] A ftudent in phyficks,
or natural philofophy.
Admirable artifice 1 wherewith Galen, tho’ a mere naturalijl, was fo taken, that he could not but adjudge the
honour of a hymn to the wife creator. More.
It is not credible, that the naturalift could be deceived in
his account of a place that lay in the neighbourhood of
Rome. . Addifon on Italy.
Naturalization, n. f. [from naturalize.] The aCfc of
inverting aliens with the privileges of native fubjeds.
The Spartans were nice in point of naturalization ; where¬
by, while they kept their compafs, they flood firm ; but
when they did fpread, they became a windfal. Bacon's EJf.
Encouragement may be given to any merchants that fhall
come over and turn a certain flock of their own, as naturalization, and freedom from cuftoms the two firft years. Temple.
Enemies, by taking advantage of the general ?2atia'alization
act, invited over foreigners of all religions. Swift.
To Naturalize, v. a. [horn natural.]
1. To adopt into a community ; to invert: with the privileges of
native fubjects.
The great lords informed the king, that the Irifh might
not be naturalized without damage to themfelves or the crown.
Davies on Ireland.
2. To make natural; to make eafy like things natural.
He riles frefh to his hammer and anvil; cuftom has na¬
turalized his labour to him. South's Sermons.
NaTurally. adv. [from natural.]
1. According to the power or impulies of unaflifted nature.
Our lovereign good is defired naturally; God, the author
of that natural defire, hath appointed natural means whereby
to fulfil it; but man having utterly difabled his nature unto
thefe means, hath had other revealed, and hath received
from heaven a law to teach him, how that which is defired
naturally, muft now fupernaturally be attained. Hooker.
If fenfe be not certain in the reports it makes of things to
the mind, there can be naturally no fuch thing as certainty
or knowledge. South s Sermon..
2. According to nature ; without affectation.
That part
Was aptly fitted, and naturally perform’d. Shakefpeare.
This anfwers fitly and naturally to the place of the abyfs
before the deluge, inclos’d within the vault of the earth.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth
The thoughts are to be meafured only by their propriety ;
that is, as they flow more or lefs naturally from the perfons
and occafions. Dryden.
3. Spontaneoufly.
Na'turalness. n. f. [from natural.]
1. The ftate of being given or produced by nature.
The naturalnefs of a defire, is the caufe that the fatisfaction of it is pleafure, and pleafure importunes the will; and
that which importunes the will, puts a difficulty on the will
refufing or forbearing it. South's Sermons.
2. Conformity to truth and reality ; not affectation.
He muft underftand what is contained in the temperament
of the eyes, in the naturalnefs of the eyebrows, Dryden.
Horace fpeaks of thefe parts in an ode that may be reckoned
among the fineft for the naturalnefsoi the thought, and the
beauty of the expreffion. Addifon.
NA'TURE. n.f. [natura, Latin; nature, French.]
1. An imaginary being fuppofed to prefide over the material and
animal world.
Thou, nature, art my goddefs; to thy law
My fervices are bound. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
When it was faid to Anaxagoras, the Athenians have
condemned you to die ; he faid again, and nature them.
Bacon.
Let the poftilion nature mount, and let
The coachman art be fet. Cowley.
Heav’n bellows
At home all riches that wife nature needs. Cowley.
Simple nature to his hope has giv’n,
Beyond the cloud-topt hill an humbler heav’n. Pope.
1. The native ftate or properties of any thing, by which it is
diferiminated from others.
Between the animal and rational province, fome animals
have a dark refemblance qf the influxes of reafon : fo be¬
tween the corporeal and intelle&ual world, there is man
participating much of both natures. Hale's Orig. of Mankind.
3. The conftitution of an animated body.
Nature, as it grows again tow’rd earth,
Is falhion’d for the journey, dull and heavy. Shakef
We’re not ourfelves.
When nature, being oppreft, commands the mind
To fuffer with the body. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
4. Difpofition of mind ; temper.
Nothing could have fubdu’d nature
To fuch a lownefs but his unkind daughters. Shakef
A credulous father, and a brother noble,
Whofe nature is fo far from doing harms,
That he fufpecls none; on whofe foolilh honefty
My practices ride eafy. Shakefpeare's Kang Lear.
5. The regular courfe of things.
My end
Was wrought by nature, not by vile offence. Shakef.
6. The compafs of natural exiftence.
If their dam may be judge, the young apes are the moll
beautiful things in nature. Glanv.
7. Natural affection, or reverence; native fenfations.
Have we not feen
The murd’ring fon afeend his parent’s bed.
Thro’ violated nature force his way,
And ftain the facred womb where once he lay ? Pope.
8. The ftate or operation of the material world.
He binding nature fall in fate,
Left confcience free and will. Pope.
9. Sort; fpecics.
A difpute of this nature caufed mifehief in abundance be¬
twixt a king and an archbilhop. Dryden.
10. Sentiments or images adapted to nature, or conformable
to truth and reality.
Only nature can pleafe thofe taftes which are unprejudiced
and refined. Addifon.
Nature and Homer were he found the fame. Pope.
11. Phyfics; the fcience which teaches the qualities of things.
Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night,
God faid, let Newton be, and all was light. Pope.
Natu'rity. n.f [from nature.] The ftate of being pro¬
duced by nature. A word not ufed.
This cannot be allowed, except we impute that unto the
firft caufe which we impofe not on the fecond ; or what we
deny unto nature we impute unto naturity. Browne's V. Err.
NaVal. adj. [naval, Fr. navalis, Latin.]
1. Confifting of Ihips.
Encamping cn the main,
Our naval army had befieged Spain ;
They that the whole world’s monarchy defign’d,
Are to their ports by our bold fleet confin’d. Waller.
As our high veffels pafs their watry way,
Let all the naval world due homage pay. Prior.
2. Belonging to ftiips.
Matters of (uch numbers of ftrong and valiant men, as
18 B - well
2
N A V
well as of all the naval llotes that furnifh the world. Temple.
NAVE. n.f. [nap, Saxon.]
1. The middle part of the wheel in which the axle moves.
Out, out, thou ftrumpet fortune ! all you gods
-In general fynod take away her pow’r;
Break all the fpokes and fellies from her wheel,
And bowl the round nave down the hill of heav’n*
As low as to the fiends. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
In the wheels of waggons the hollows of the naves, by
their fwift rotations on the ends of the axle-trees, produce
a heat fometimes fo ilitenfe as to fet them on fire. Ray.
2. [From navis, nave, oldFr.J The middle part of the church
diftinft from the aides or wings.
It comprehends the nave or body of the church, together
with the chancel. Ayliffe's Par.
Na'vel. n. f. [napela, navela, Saxon.]
1. The point in the middle of the belly, by which embryos
communicate with the parent.
The ufe of the navel is to continue the infant unto the'
mother, and by the vefTels thereof to convey its aliments.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. v.
As children, while within the womb they live,
Feed by the navel: here they feed not fo. Davies.
There is a fuperintending Providence, that fomc animals
will hunt for the teat before they are quite gotten out of the
fecundines and parted from the naveljlring. Derham.
2. The middle; the interiour part.
Being preft to the war.
Even when the navel of the ftate was touch’d.
They would not thread the gates. Shake/. Cor.
Within the navel of this hideous wood,
Immur’d in cyprefs (hades, a forcerer dwells. Milton.
Na'vElgall. n.f.
Navelgall is a bruife on the top of the chine of the back,
behind the faddle, right againft the navel, occafioned either
by the faddle being fplit behind, or the fluffing being want¬
ing, or by the crupper buckle fitting down in that place, or
fome hard weight or knobs lying directly behind the faddle.
Na'velwort. n.f
It hath the appearance of houfebeck ; from which it differs
only in having an oblong tubulous flower of one leaf, di¬
vided at the top into five parts. This plant is ufed in me¬
dicine, and grows wild upon old walls. Miller.
Na'vew. n.f. [napus, Lat. navet, naveau, Fr.]
It agrees in moft refpe&s with the turnep ; but has a
lefler root, and fomewhat warmer in tafte. The fpecies are
three. In the ifle of Ely the third fpecies, which is1- wild,
is very much cultivated, it being the cole feed from which
they draw the oil. Miller.
NAUGHT..adj. [najjr, nappipr, Saxon; that is, tie aught,
not any thing.] Bad ; corrupt; worthlefs.
With them that are able to put a difference between things
naught and things indifferent in the church of Rome, we
are yet at controverfy about the manner of removing that
Which is naught. Hooker, b. iv.
Thy fitter’s naught: Oh Regan ! fhe hath tied
Sharp-tooth’d unkindnefs like a vulture here. Shake/.
Naught, n.f. Nothing. This is commonly, though impro¬
perly, written nought. See Aught and Ought.
Be you contented
To have a fon fet your decrees at naught,
To pluck down juttice from your awful bench. Shak.
Na'ughtily. adv. [from naughty.] Wickedly; corruptly.
Na'ughtiness. n.f [from naughty.’] Wickednefs ; badnefs.
Slight wickednefs or parvefcuity, as of children.
No remembrance of naughtinefs delights but mine own;
and methinks the accufing his traps might in fome manner
excufe my fault, which certainly I loth to do. Sidney, b. ii.
Na'ughty. adj. [See NAUGHT.]
1. Bad ; wicked ; corrupt.
A prince of great courage and beauty, but foftered up in
blood by his naughty father. Sidney, b. ii.
Thefe naughty times
Put bars between the owners and their rights. Shake/.
How far that little candle throws his beams !
So fhines a good deed in a naughty world. Shake/.
2. It is now feldom ufed but in ludicrous cenfure.
If gentle llumbers on thy temples creep.
But naughty man, thou doft not mean to deep.
Betake thee to thy bed. Dryden.
Navi'cular. adj. [navicularis, Lat. naviculaire, Fr.] In ana¬
tomy, the third bone in each foot that lies between the
aftragalus and offa cuneiformia. Did.
NA'VIGABLE. adj, [navigable, Fr. navigabilis, Latin#] Ca¬
pable of being paffed by (hips or boats.
The firft-peopled cities were all founded upon thefe na¬
vigable rivers, or their branches, by which the one might
give fuccour to the other. Raleigh’s Hijl. of the World.
Almighty Jove furveys
4 Earth, air, and (bores, and navigable feas. Dryden.
N A U
Navigableness, n. f. [from navigable.] Capacity to be
paffed in vefTels.
To Na'vigate. v. n. [navigo, Lat. fiaviger, hr.] To fail;
to pafs by water.
The Phoenicians navigated to the extremities of the weftern ocean. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Na'vigate. v. a. To pafs by fhips or boats.
Drufus, the father of the emperor Claudius, was the firft
who navigated the northern ocean. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Navigation, n.f. [navigation, Fr. from navigate.']
1. The a<ft or practice of patting by water.
Our (hipping for number, ftrength, mariners, pilots, and
all things that appertain to navigation, is as great as ever.
Bacon.
The loadftone is that great help to navigation. Adore.
Rude as their fhips, was navigation then,
No ufeful compafs or meridian known ;
Coatting, they kept the land within their ken.
And knew no north but when the poleftar fhone. Dryden.
When Pliny names the Poeni as inventors of navigation,
it mutt be underftood of the Phoenicians, from whom the
Carthaginians are defeended. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. VefTels of navigation.
Tho’ you untie the winds, and let them fight
Againft the churches, tho’ the yefty waves
Confound and fwallow navigation tip. Shakef. Mac.
Naviga'tor. n. f. [navigateur, Fr. from navigate,j Sailor ;
Teaman ; traveller by water.
By the founding of navigators, that fea is not three hun¬
dred and fixty foot deep. Brereiv;
The rules of navigators muft often fail. Brown’s V. Err.
The contrivance may feem difficult, becaufe thefe fubmarine navigators will want winds, tides, and the fight of the
heavens. IVilhin’s Math. Magic.
This terreftrial globe, which before was only a globe in
fpeculatioq, ha3 fince been-furrounded by the boldnefs of many
navigators. Temple.
Nau'lage. n.f [naulum, Lat.] The freight of paftengers in
a fhip.
Nau'machy. n. f. [naumaclne, Fr. naumachia,Latin.J A mock
fea fight.
To NAU'SEATE. v. n. [from naufen, Latin.] To grow
fqueamifh ; to turn away with difguft.
Don’t over-fatigue the fpirits, left the mind be feized with
a laftitude, and naufeate, and grow tired of a particular fubjeeft before you have finished it. Watts’s Improv. ofthe Mind.
To Nau'seate. v. a.
1. To loath ; to reject with difguft.
While we fingle out leveral difhes, and rejedt others, the
feledlion feems arbitrary; for many are cryed up in one age,
which are decryed and naufeated in another. Brown’s V. Err.
Old age, with filent pace, comes creeping on,
Naufeates the praife, which in her youth fhe won.
And hates the mufe by which fhe was undone. Dryden.
Thofe heads, as ftomachs, are not fure the beft.
Which naufeate all, and nothing can digeft. Pope.
2. To ftrike with difguft.
He let go his hold and turned from her, as if he were
naufeated, then gave her a lafh with his tail. Swift.
Nau'seous. adj. [from naufea, Latin ; naufec, Fr.] Loathfome ; dilguftful; regarded with abhorrence.
Thofe trifles wherein children take delight.
Grow naufeous to the young man’s appetite.
And from thofe gaieties our youth requires
To exercife their minds, our age retires. Denham.
Food of a wholefom juice is pleafant to the tafte and
agreeable to the ftomach, ’till hunger and thirft be well appeafed, and then it begins to be lefs pleafant, and at laft
even naufeous and loathfome. Bay.
Old thread-bare phrafes will often make you go out of
your way to find and apply them, and are naufeous to ra¬
tional hearers. Swift.
Nau'seously. adv. [from naufeous.] Loathfomely; difguftfully.
This, though cunningly concealed, as well knowing hownaufeoufy that drug would go down in a lawful monarchy, which
was preferibed for a rebellious commonwealth, yet they al¬
ways kept in referve. Dryden.
Their fatire’s praife ;
So naufeoufy and fo unlike they paint. Garth’s Dijp.
Nauseousness. n.f. [from naufeous.] Loathfomenefs; qua¬
lity of railing difguft.
The naujeoufnefs of fuch company difgufts a reafonable
man, when he fees he can hardly approach greatnefs bur as
a moated caftle ; he muft firft pais through the mud and filth
with which it is encompaffed. Drydcn’s Aurengzcbe.
Nau'tick!”* \adi‘ [nauilcus> Latin-J Pertaining to Tailors.
He elegantly fhewed by whom he was drawn, which de¬
parted the nautical compafs with aut magnes, cut mngna. Cam.
NAU'TILUS. n.f [Latin; nautile, Fr.] A fhell fifh furnifned
with fomething analogous to oars and a fail.
Learn
N E A
Learn of the little nautilus to fail.
Spread the thin oar and catch the driving gale. Pope.
Na'vy. n.f [from navis; Lat.J An aftembly of fhips, com¬
monly fhips of war; a fleet.
On the weftern coaft rideth a puiffant navy. Ska. Rich. III.
Levy money, and return the fame to the treafurer of the
navy for his majefty’s ufe. Clarendon.
The narrow feas can fcarce their navy bear,
Or crowded veffels can their foldiers hold. Drydcn.
Nay. adv. [na, Saxon, or ne aye.]
1. No; an adverb of negation.
Difputes in wrangling fpend the day,
Whilft one fays only yea, and t’other nay. Denham.
2. Not only fo but more. A word of amplification.
A good man always profits by his endeavour, yea, when
he is abfent; nay, when dead, by his example and memory;
fo good authors in their ftile. Ben. Johnfon's Difcov.
I his is then the allay of Ovid’s writings, which is fufficiently recompenfed by his other excellencies ; nay, this very
fault is not without its beauties; for the moft fevere cenfor
cannot but be pleafed. Dryden.
_ If a fon fhould ftrike his father, not only the criminal but
his whole family would be rooted out, nay, the inhabitants
of the place where he lived, would be put to the fword,
nay, the place itfelf would be razed. Addif. Sped}. NQ. i8q.
3. Word of refufal.
They have beaten ns openly uncondemned, being Ro¬
mans, and have caft us into prifon; and now do they thruft
us out privily ? nay verily ; but let them come themfelves
and fetch us out. Adts *vi. 37.
The fox made feveral excufes, but the ftork would not
be faid nay ; fo that at laft he promifed him to come.
L'Ejlrange, Fable 31.
He that will not when he may.
When he would he fhall have nay. Prov.
Na'ywoRd. n.f [nay and word.J
1. The fide of denial; the faying nay.
You would believe my laying,
Howe’er you lean to th’ nayword. Shah. Win. Tale.
2. A proverbial reproach ; a bye word.
If I do not gull him into a nayword, and make him a
common recreation, do not think I have wit enough to lie
ftraight in my bed. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
3. A watchword. Not in ufe.
I have fpoke with her; and we have a nayword how to
know one another. I come to her in white, and cry mum ;
fhe cries budget; and by that we know one another. Sha.
Ne. adv. [Saxon. This particle was formerly of very frequent
ufe, both fingly and by contraction in compound words; as,
nill for ne will or will not; nas for ne has or has not; nis
for ne is or is not.] Neither ; and not.
His warlike fihield all cover’d clofely was,
Ne might of mortal eye be ever feen,
Not made of fteel, nor of enduring brafs. Fairy Die.
Neaf. n.f. [nefi, Iflandick.] A fill. It is retained in Scot¬
land ; and in the plural neaves.
Give me thy neaf,\ Monfieur Muftardfeed. Shakefpeare.
To NjiAE. v. a. [onceian, Saxon; to kindle.J T*o temper
by a gradual and regulated heat.
The workmen let it cool by degrees in fuch relenting of
fire, as they call their nealing heats; left it fhould fhiver in
pieces by a violent fucceeding of air in the room of fire. ' .
.... Digby on Bodies.
This did happen for want of the glaffes being gradually
cooled or nealed. Boyle
If you file, engrave, or punch upon your fteel, neal it
firft, becaufe it will make it fofter, and confequently work
eafier. The common way is to give it a blood-red heat in
the fire, then let it cool of itfelf. Moxen’s Mech. Exer.
To Nkal. v. n. To be tempered in fire.
Redudion is chiefly efFe&ed by fire, wherein if they Hand
and 7ual, the imperfect metals vapour away. Bacon.
Neap. adj. [nepplob, Saxon; nsejrug, poor.] Low; decrefilent. Ufed only of the tide, and therefore fometimes ufed
fubftantively.
T he mother of waters, the great deep, hath loft nothin0-
of her ancient bounds. Her motion of ebbing and flowing
of high fprings and dead neaps, are as conftant as the changes
of the moon. Hakcwill on Providence.
How doth the fea conftantly obferve its ebbs and flows,
its fprings and neap-tides, and ftill retain its faltnefs, fo con¬
venient for the maintenance of its inhabitants. Fay.
NEAR. prep, [nep, Saxon; naer, Dutch and Scottifh.] At no
grea't diftance from ; clofe to; nigh.
I have heard thee fay.
No grief did ever come fo near thy heart,
As when thy lady and thy true love died. Shakefpeare.
Thou thought’# to help me, and fuch thanks I give,
As one near death to thofe that wifh him live. Shakef.
With blood the dear alliance fhall be bought,
And both the people near deftrudtion brought. Dryden.
N E A
To the warlike fteed thy ftudies bend,
Near Pifa’s flood the rapid wheels to guide. Dryden's Virg,
This child was very near being excluded out of the fpecies
of man, barely by his fhape. Locke.
Near. adv.
1. Almoft.
2. At hand ; not far off. Unlefs it be rather in this fenfe an adjedlive.
Thou art near in their mouth, and far from their reins.
Jer. xii. 2.
He ferv’d great HeCfor, and was ever near,
Not with his trumpet only, but his fjpear. Dryden's FEn.
3. Within a little.
Self-pleafing and humourous minds are fo fenfible of every
refiraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and
garters to be bonds and fhackles. . Bacon's EJfays, N°. 8.
This eagle fhall go near, one time or other, to take you
foi a hare. L'Ejlrange, Fable 107.
He that paid a bufhel of wheat per acre, would pay now
about twenty-five pounds per annum ; which would be near
about the yearly value of the land. Locke.
1 he Caftilian would rather have died in flaverv himfelf,
than paid fuch a fum as he found would go near to ruin him.
. T Addifon's Spectator.
Near. adj.
1. Not diilant. [Sometimes it is doubtful whether near be an
adjective or adverb.]
This city is near to flee unto. Gen. xix. 20.
The will, free from the determination of fuch defires, is
left to the purfuit of nearer fatisfadfions. Lo.ke.
After he has continued his doubling in his thoughts, and
enlarged his idea as much as he pleales, he is not one jot
nearer the end of fuch addition than at firft fetting out. Locke.
2. Advanced towards the end of an enterprife cr difquifition.
Uiileis they add fomewhat elfe to define more certainly
what ceremonies /ball ftand for beft, in fuch fort that all
churches in the world fhall know them to be the beft, and
fo know them that there may not remain any queftion about
this point; we are not & whit the nearer for that they have
hitherto faid. Hooker, b. iv. f 13.
3- Cloie; not rambling; obfervant of ftile or manner of the
thing copied.
Hannibal Caro’s, in the Italian, is the nearef, the moft:
poetical, and the moft fonorous of any tranflation of the
iEneid. Yet though he takes the advantage of blank verfe,
he commonly allows two lines for one in Virgil, and does
not always hit his fenfe. Dryden.
4.Clofely related.
If one fhall approach to any that is near of kin to him.
_ _ Lev. xviii. 6.
5- Intimate ; familiar; admitted to confidence.
If I had a fuit to mafter Shallow, I would humour his
men with the imputation of being near their mafter. Shak.
6. Touching; preifing ; affedfing; dear.
Ev’ry minute of his being thrufts
Again# my near'Jl of life.' Shakefpeare's Adacbeth.
He could neverjudge that it was better to be deceived than
not, in a matter of fo great and near concernment. Locke.
7. Parlimonious, inclining to covetoufnefs ; as, a near man.
Near hand. Clofely ; without adting or waiting at a diftance.
The entring near hand into the manner of performance
of that which is under deliberation, hath overturned the
opinion of the poflibility or impoflibility. Bacon's Holy War.
Nea'rly. adv. [from near.]
1. At no great diftance ; not remotely.
Many are the enemies of the priefthood : they are dilip-ent
to obferve whatever may nearly or remotely blemifh it.
Atterbury.
2. Clofely; preffingly.
Nearly it now concerns us, to be fare
Of our omnipotence. AAilton's Paradife Loft, b. v.
It concerneth them nearly, to preferve that government
which they had trufted with their money. Swift's Mifcel.
3. In a niggardly manner.
Nea'rNess. n.f. [from near.]
1. Clofenefs ; not remotenefs ; approach.
God, by reafon of nearnefs, forbad them to be like the
Canaanites or Egyptian. Hooker, b. Iff 6.
Fine and delicate fculptures be helped with nearnefs, and
grofs with diftance ; which was well feen in the controverfy
between Phidias and Alcmcnes about the ftatue of Venus.
Wotton's Architecture.
Thofe bleffed fpirits that are in fuch a nearnefs to God,
may well be all fire and love, but you at fuch a diftance
cannot find the effedls of it. Dutpa
The beft rule is to be guided by the nearnefs, or diftance
at which the repetitions are placed in the original. Pope.
2. Alliance of blood or affedtion.
Whether there be any iberet paffages of fympathy be¬
tween pcrlons of near blood ; as, parents, children, brothers
and lifters. There be many reports in hiftory, that upon
the
NEC NEC
the death of perfons of fuch nearnefs, men have had an in¬
ward feeling of it. Bacon's Natural Hijhry.
3- Tendency to avarice; caution of expence.
It (hews in the king a nearnefs, but yet with a kind of
juftnefs. So thefe little grains of gold and filver, helped
not a little to make up the great heap. Bacon’s Hen. VII.
NEAT. n.f [neat nyten, Saxon; naut, Iflandick and Scot.]
I. Black cattle ; oxen. It is commonly ufed collectively.
The fteer, the heifer, and the calf.
Are all call’d neat. Shakefpcare’s TVin. Tale.
A prefent for any emperor that ever trod on neats leather.
Shakefpeare’s Tcmpejl.
Smoak preferveth flefh ; as we fee in bacon, neats tongues,
and martlemas beef. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Elis droves of affes, camels, herds of neat,
And flocks of ftieep, grew fhortly twice as great. Sandy.
What care of neat, or fheep is to be had,
I fing, Mecaenas. May’s Virgil's Georgies.
Some kick’d until they can feel, whether
A flioe be Spanifh or neats leather. Hudidras, p. i.
As great a drover, and as great
A critick too, in hog or neat. Hud. p. i. cant. 2.
Set it in rich mould, with neats dung and lime mingled.
Mortimer's Art of Hufbandry.
2. A cow or ox. - ,
Who both by his calf and his lamb will be known,
May well kill a neat and a fheep of his own. Tuff. Hufb.
Go and get me fome repaft——
What fay you to a neat's foot ?
’Tis palling good ; I prythee, let me have it. Shakef.
Neat. adj. [net, French; nitidus, Latin.]
1. Elegant, but without dignity.
The thoughts are plain, yet admit a little quicknefs and
paffion; the expreffion humble, yet as pure as the language
will afford ; neat, but not florid ; eafy, and yet lively. Pope.
2. Cleanly.
Herbs and other country meffes,
Which the neat-handed Phyllis dreffes, Milt. Poems.
3. Pure ; unadulterated ; unmingled ; in the cant of trade.
Tuns of fweet old wines, along the wall;
Neat and divine drink, kept to chear withal
Ulyfles’ old heart. Chapman’s Odyffey, b. ii.
Ne'atherd. n. f. [nea^ypfc, Saxon.] A cowkeeper ; one
Who has the care of black cattle. BaaoAo?, bubulcus.
There netherd with cur and his horn.
Be a fence to the meadow and corn. Tuff. Hufb.
The fwains and tardy neatherds came, and lafE
Menalcas, wet with beating winter mafE Dryden.
Nea'tly. adj. [from neat.]
1. Elegantly, but without dignity ; fprucely.
I will never truft a man again for keeping his fword clean ;
nor believe he can have every thing in him, by wearing his
apparel neatly. Shakefpeare’s All's well that ends well.
To love an altar built.
Of twelve vaft French romances neatly gilt. Pope.
2. Cleanlily.
Nea'tness. n.f [from neat.]
1. Sprucenefs ; elegance without dignity.
Pelagius carped at the curious neatnefs of men’s apparel.
Hooker, b. v. f. 29.
2. Cleanlinefs.
Neb. n. f. [nebbe, Saxon.]
x. Nofe; beak; mouth. Retained in the north. .
How {he holds up the neb ! the bill to him,
And arms her with the boldnefs of a wife. Shakef.
Take a glafs with a belly and a long neb. Bacon.
2' [In Scotland.] The bill of a bird. See Nib.
NEBULA. n.f [Lat.] It is applied to appearances, like a
cloud in the human body ; as alfo to films upon the eyes.
Ne'bulous. adj. [nebulofus, Latin.] Mifty ; cloudy.
Necessaries, n.f. [from neceffary.] Things not only con¬
venient but needful; things not to be left out of daily ufe.
Quibus doleai natura negatis.
The. fupernatural necejjaries are, the preventing, aflifting,
and renewing grace of God, which we fuppofe God ready
to annex to the revelation of his will, in the hearts of all
that with obedient humble fpirits receive and fincerely em¬
brace it. Hammond's Fundamentals.
The right a fon has, to be maintained and provided with
the necejjaries and conveniencies of life, out of his father’s
flock, gives him a right to fucceed to his father’s property
for his own good. Locke.
Ne'cessarily. adv. [from neceffary.]
x. Indifpenfably.
1 would know by fome fpecial inflance, what one article
of Chriftian faith, or what duty required neceffarily unto all
mens falvation there is, which the very reading of the word
of God is not apt to notify. Flooker, b. v. f 22.
2. By inevitable confequence.
I hey who recall the church unto that which was at the
flrft, mud neceffarily fet bounds and limits unto their fpceches.
* M Hooker, b. iv. f. 2.
They fubjeCted God to the fatal chain of caufes, whereas
they fhould have refolved the neceffity of all inferiour events
into the free determination of God himfelf; who executes
neceffarily, that which he firfl propofed freely. South s Serm.
Ne'cessariness. n.f. [from neceffary.] The flate of being
neceffary.
NE'CESSARY. adj. [neceffarius, Latin.]
1. Needful; indifpenfably requilite.
All greatnefs is in virtue underftood;
’Tis only neceffary to be good. Dryden s Aureng.
A certain kind of temper is neceffary to the pleafure and
quiet of our minds, conlequently to our happinefs ; and that
is holinefs and goodnefs. Tillotjon.
The Dutch would go on to challenge the military go¬
vernment and the revenues, and reckon them among what
fhall be thought neceffary for their barrier. Swift's Mifcel.
2. Not free; fatal; impelled by fate.
3. Concluflve ; decifive by inevitable confequence.
No man can {hew by any neceffary argument, that it is
naturally impoffible that all the relations concerning America
fhould be falfe. Tillotfon’s Preface.
To Necessitate, v. a. [from necefftas, Latin.] To make
neceffary; not to leave free ; to exempt from choice.
Haft thou proudly aferibed the good thou haft done to thy
own ftrength, or imputed thy fins and follies to the necefftating
and inevitable decrees of God. Duppa's Rulesfor Devo.
The marquis of Newcaftle being preffed on both fldes,
was neceffitated to draw all his army into York. Clarend.
Man feduc’d.
And flatter’d out of all, believing lies
Againft his maker : no decree of mine
Concurring to neceffitate his fall. Milton s Par. Lofl.
Our voluntary fervice he requires.
Not our neceffitated. Milton’s Paradife Lofl, b. v.
Neither the Divine Providence, or his determinations,
perfuafions, or inflexions of the underftanding or will of
rational creatures doth deceive the underftanding, or pervert
the will, or neceffitate or incline either to any moral evil.
Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
The politician never thought that he might fall dangeroufly fick, and that ficknefs neceffitate his removal from the
court. South’s Serm.
Th’ eternal, when he did the world create
And other agents did neceffitate;
So what he order’d they by nature do;
Thus light things mount, and heavy downward go,
Man only boafts an arbitrary ftate. Drydett.
The perfections of any perfon may create our veneration j
his power, our fear; and his authority ariling thence, a fervile and neceffitated obedience ; but love can be produced
only by kindnefs. Rogers.
Necessita'tion. n.f. [Isom neceffitate.] The aCt of making
neceffary; fatalccmpulfion.
This neceffity, grounded upon the neceffitation of a man’s
will without his will, is fo far from leffening thofe difficulties
which flow from the fatal deftiny of the Stoicks, that it increafeth them. Bramhall againf Hobbs.
Where the law makes a certain heir, there is a necefftation
to one ; where the law doth not name a certain heir, there
is no neceffitation to one, and there they have power or liberty
to choofe. Bramhall againf Hobbs.
Nece'ssitied. adj. [from neceffty.] In a ftate of want. Not
ufed.
This rinj* was mine, and when I gave it Helen,
I bad her, if her fortunes ever flood
Neceffitied to help, that by this token
I would relieve her. Shakefpeare’s All's well that ends well.
Necessitous, adj. [from neceffity.] Preffed with poverty.
They who were envied, found no fatisfaClion in what
they were envied for, being poor and neceffitous. Clarend.
There are multitudes of neceffitous heirs and penurious pa¬
rents, parfons in pinching circumftances, with numerous fa¬
milies of children. Arbuthnot.
Necessitousness. n.f. [from neceffitous.] Poverty; want;
need.
Univcrfal peace is demonftration of univerfal plenty, for
where there is want and necefftoufnefs, there will be quar¬
relling. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Nece'ssitude. n.f. [neceffitudo, Latin.]
1. Want; need.
The mutual necejftudes of human nature neceffarily main¬
tain mutual offices between them. Halt’s Orig. of Man.
2. Friendftiip.
Necessity, n.f. [necefftas, Latin.]
1. Cogency ; compulfion ; fatality.
Neceffity and chance
Approach not me ; and what I will is fate. Milt n.
2. State of being neceffary ; indifpenfablenefs.
Urge the neceffty, and ftate of times. Shakef. Rich. III.
Racine
K E c NEE
Racine ufed the chorus in his Efther, but not that he
Tound any necejfty of it: it was only to give the ladies an
occafion of entertaining the king with vocal mufick.
Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
We fee the necrjjity of an augmentation, to bring the
enemy to reafon. Addifon'.
3. Want; need; poverty.
The art of our necejftties is ftrange,
That can make vile things precious. Shake/. K. Lear.
The caufe of all the diltra&ions in his court or army,
proceeded from the extreme poverty, and necejfty his majefty was in. Clarendon, h. viii.
We are firft to confult our own necejftties, but then the
necejftties of our neighbours have a chriftian right to a part
of, what we have to fpare. L'EJlrange. Fable 217.
4. Things neceffaryfor human life.
Thefe Ihould be hours for necejftties,
Not for delights ; times to repair our nature
With comforting repofe, and not for us
To walle thefe times. Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
$. Cogency of argument; inevitable confequence.
There never was a man of folid underftanding, whofe
apprehenfions are fober, and by a penfive infpe£Hon advifed,
but that he hath found by an irrefiftible necejfty, one true
God and everlafting being. Raleigh’s Hijlory.
Good nature or beneficence and candour, is the produdt
of right reafon, which of necejfty will give allowance to the
failings of others. Diyden.
NECK. n.f. [pneca, Saxon; neck, Dutch.]
1. The part between the head and body.
He’ll beat Bufidius’ head below his knee.
And tread upon his neck. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
The length of the face twice exceedeth that of the neck.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
She clapp’d her leathern wing againft your towr’s,
And thruft out her long neck, ev’n to your doors. Dryd.
I look on the tucker to be the ornament and defence of
the female neck. Addifon’s Guardian, N°. 109.
2. A long narrow part.
The accefs of the town was only by a neck of land, be¬
tween the fea on the one part, and the harbour water on the
other. Bacon.
Thou walk’ll: as on a narrow mountain’s neck,
A dreadful height, with fcanty room to tread. Dryden.
3. On the neck ; immediately after ; from one following an¬
other clofely.
He depos’d the king.
And, on the neck of that, talk’d the whole ftate. Shakef.
Inftantly on the neck of this came news, that Ferdinajido
and Ifabella, had concluded a peace. Bacon.
4. To break the neck of .an affair; to hinder any thing beinodone ; or, to do moje than half.
Nf/ckbeef. n.f. [neck and beef.] The coarfe flelh of the
neck of cattle, fold to the poor at a very cheap rate.
They’ll fell (as cheap as neckbeef) for counters at cards.
Swift.
Ne'ckcloath. n.f. {neck and cloath.] That which men wear
on their neck.
Will Ihe with hufwife’s hand provide thy meat.
And ev’ry funday morn thy neckcloath plait ? Gay.
Ne'cerchief. I n.f. A gorget; handkerchief for a woman’s
Ne'ckatee., 3 neck.
Ne'cklace. n.f. [neck and lace.] An ornamental firing of
beads or precious ftones, worn by women on their neck.
Ladies, as well then as now, wore eftates in their ears.
Both men and women wore torques, chains, or necklaces of
lilver and gold fet with precious ftones. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Or lofe her heart, or necklace, at a ball. Pope.
Ne'ckweed. n.f. {neck and weed.] Hemp.
Necromancer, n.f. [vtxpf and /uolvlts. ] One who by
charms can converfe with the ghofts of the dead; a con¬
jurer ; an inchanter.
I am employed like the general who was forced to kill
his enemies twice over, whom a necromancer had raifed to
life* ^ Swift’s Mijcellanies.
Ne cromancy. n.f. [v£xpo? and /udvjtf ; necromancc, Fr.J
1. The art of revealing future events, by communication with
the dead.
The refurre&ion of Samuel is nothing but deluffon in the
pradice of necromancy and popular conception of ghofts.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
2. Enchantment; conjuration.
He did it partly by necromancy, wherein he was much
fkilled. Abbot’s Defcription of the JVorld.
This palace ftandeth in the air.
By necromancy placed there,
That it no tempefts needs to fear. Drayt. Nym.
Ne'ctared. ad), [from neCtar.] Tinged with nedtar; ming¬
led with nedtar; abounding with nectar.
He gave her to his daughters to imbathe
In neCtar'd lavers ftrew’d with afphodil. Milton.
Hpw charming is divine philofophy 1
Not harfh and crabbed, as dull fools fuppofe^
But mufical as is Apollo’s lute,
And a perpetual feaft of ncCiar’d fweets,
Where no crude furfeit reigns. Milton's Poettik
He with the Nais wont to dwell,
Leaving the neCtar'd feafts of Jove. Fenton\
Necta'reous. adj. [ncCtareus, Latin.] Refcmbling nedtar ;
fweet as nedtar.
Annual for me, the grape, the rofe renew,
The juice neCtareous and the balmy dew. Pope.
Ne'ctarine. adj. {from neCtar.] Sweet as nedtar.
To their fupper-fruits they fell;
Neftarine fruits. Milt. Par. Lofl.
Ne'ctarine. n.f. {nectarine, French.] A fruit of the plum
kind.
This fruit differs from a peach in having a fmooth rind
and the flefh firmer. Miller.
The only neCtarin.es are the murry and the French ; of
the laft there are two forts, one, which is the beft, very
round, and the other fomething long; of the murry there
ate feveral forts. Temple.
NEED. n. f. [neob, Saxon ; nood, Dutch.]
1. Exigency; prefling difficulty; neceflity.
1 he very ftream of his life, and the bufinefs he hath
helmed, muft, upon a warranted need, give him a better
proclamation. Shakefpeare’s Meajurefor Meafure.
That fpirit that firft rufh’d on thee.
In the camp of Dan,
Be efficacious in thee now at need. Milton’s Agonijles.
In thy native innocence proceed,
And fummon all thy reafon at thy need. Dryderi.
2. Want; diftrefsful poverty.
Famine is in thy cheeks;
Need and oppreflion ftare within thine eyes.
Contempt and beggary hang upon thy back. Shake/.
Defer not to give to him that is in need. Ecclus. iv; 3.
The diftant heard, by fame, her pious deeds j
And laid her up for their extreameft needs;
A future cordial for a fainting mind. Dryden.
God fometimes calls upon thee to relieve the needs of thy
brother, fometimes the neceffities of thy country, and fometimes the urgent wants of thy prince. South’s Sermons.
3. Want; lack of any thing for ufe.
God grant we never may have need of you. Shake/.
God who fees all things intuitively, neither ftands in need
of logic, norufes it. Baker.
To Need. v. a. [from the noun.] To want; to lack; to
be in want of; to require.
Bafeft beggars
Are in the pooreft thing fuperfluous ;
Allow not nature more than nature needs'.
Man’s life is cheap as beafts. Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
The whole need not a phyfician, but the lick. Mattix. 12.
Thou thy regal feeptre {halt lay by,
For regal feeptre then no more fhali need. Milt. P. Lojl.
To afk whether the will has freedom ? is to afk, whether
one power has another ? A queftion too abfurd to need an
anfwer. Locke.
To Need. v. n.
1. I'o be wanted ; to be necefiary.
More ample fpirit than hitherto was wont.
Here needs me rie whiles the famous anceftors
Of my moft dreadful fovereign I recount. Spenfer.
When we have done it, we have done all that is in our
power, and all that needs. Locke’.
2. To have neceflity of any thing ; to be in want of any thing*
We have inftances of perception whilft we are afleep :
but how incoherent and how little conformable to the per¬
fection of a rational being, thofe who are acquainted with
dreams need not be told. Lockes
He that would difeourfe of things, as they agreed in the
complex idea of extenfion and folidity, needed but ufe the
word body. Lockes
Needer. n.f. [from need.] One that wants any thing.
If the time thruft forth
A caufe for thy repeal, we lhall not fend
O’er the vaft world, to feek a fingle man ;
And lofe advantage, which doth ever cool
In th’ abfence of the iteeder. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus*
Needful, adj. [ need and full. ] Neceflary ; indifpenfably
requifite.
Give us all things that be needful, both for our fouls and
bodies. Common Prayer.
Do you confent we (hall acquaint him with it,
As needful in out loves* fitting our duty ? Sha. Ham.
All things needful for defence abound,
Mneftheus, and brave Sercfthus walk the round. Dryden.
To my prefent purpofc it is not needful to ufe arguments,
to evince the world to be finite. Locke.
A lonely defart and an empty land,
18 C Shall
NEE
Shall fcarce afford, for needful hours of reff,
A fingle houfc to their benighted gueft. Addifon on Italy.
Nee'dfully. adv. [from needful.'] Neceffarily.
They who
Dare for thefe poems, yet both afk and read.
And like them too ; muff needfully, tho’ few,
Be of the beft. Ben. fohnfon.
Nee'dfulness. n.f [from needful.] Neceflity.
Nee'dily. adv. [from needy.] In poverty ; poorly.
Neediness, n.f. [from needy.] Want; poverty.
Whereas men have many reafons to perfuade ; to ufethem
all at* once, weakneth them. For it argueth a needinejs in
every of the reafons, as if one did not truft to any of them,
but fled from one to another. Bacon.
NEEDLE, n.f [naebl, Saxon.]
1. A frnall inftrument pointed at one end to pierce cloath, and
perforated at the other to receive the thread, ufed in fewing.
For him you waftc in tears your widow’d hours,
For him your curious needle paints the flowers. Drydcn.
2. The fmal'l fteel bar which in the mariners compafs - ftands
regularly north and fouth.
The ufe of the loadftone, and the mariners needle was not
then known. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Needle-fish. n.f. \_necdle andfifo-] A kind of fea-fifh.
One rhomboidal bony fcale of the needle-fifh. Woodward.
Nee'dleful. n.f. [needle and full.'] As much thread as is
generally put at one time in the needle.
Nee'dler. 7 n.f. [from needle.] He who makes
Nee'dlemaker. ) needles.
Nee'dlework. n.f [needle and work.]
1. The bufmefs of a fempftrefs.
2. Embroidery by the needle.
In needleworks and embroideries, it is more pleafing to
have a lively work upon a ligh-tfome ground, than a dark
and melancholy work upon a lightfome ground. Bacon.
In a curious brede of needlework, one colour falls away
by fuch juft degrees, and another rifes fo infenfibly, that we
fee the variety without being able to diftinguifh the total vanilhing of the one from the flrft appearance of the other.
Addijon’s Efj. on the Georgicks.
Nee'dlesly. adv. [from needlefs.] Unneceflarily ; without
need.
We render languages more difficult to be learnt, and needlefly advance orthography into a troublefome art. Holder.
Nee'dlessness. n.f. [from needlefs.] Unnecefiarinefs.
To explain any of St. Paul’s Epiftles, after fo great a
train of expofftors, might feem cenfurable for its needleffnefs,
did not the daily examples of pious and learned men juftify
it. Locke’s EJJ. on St. Paul’s Epiftles.
Nee'dless. adj. [from need.]
i. Unneceffary ; not requifite.
Their exception againft eafinefs, as if that did nourifh
ignorance, proceedeth altogether of a needlefs jealoufy. Hook.
This fudden ftab of rancour I mifdoubt;
Pray God, I fay, I prove a needlefs coward. Sha. R. III.
Would not thefe be great and needlefs abatements of their
happinefs, if it were confined within the compafs of this
life only ? Atterhury.
a. Not wanting; out of ufe.
For his weeping in the needlefs ftream,
Poor dear, quoth he, thou mak’ft a teftament.
As worldings do, giving thy fum of more
To that which had too much. Sha. As you Like it.
Nee'dment. n.f. [from need.] Something neceflary.
Behind
His fcrip did hang, in which his needments he did bind.
Fairy Afucen, h. i. cant. 6.
Needs, adv. [ nebey, Saxon, unwilling. ] Neceffarily ; by
compulfion ; indifpenfably.
The general and perpetual voice of men is as the fentence
of God himfelf; for that which all men have at all times
learned, nature herfelf muff needs have taught. Hooker.
God muff needs have done the thing which they imagine
was to be done. Hooker, b. iii.
1 muff needs after him, madam, with my letter. Sha.
Another being eledfed and his ambaffadors returned, he
would needs know the caufe of his repulfe in that competition.
Davies on Ireland.
I perceive
Thy mortal light to fail : objects divine
Muff needs impair,- and weary human fenfe. Milt. P. Loji.
'Fo fay the principles of nature muff needs be fuch as our
philofophy makes them, is to Let bounds to omnipotence.
Glanville, Sceptf c. 25.
I have affairs below,
Which I muff needs difpatch before I go. Dryden.
Needy, adj. [from need.] Poor; neceffitous ; diftreffed by
poverty.
1 heir gates to all were open evermore, 1
And one fat waiting ever them before, >
I o call in comers by, that needy were and poor. Fa. . j
— In his needy £hop a tortoife hung,
NEG
An alligator fluff’d, and other fkins
Of ill-fhap’d fifties. Shakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
The poor and needy praifc thy name. Pf Ixxiv. 21.
We bring into the world a poor needy uncertain life, fhort
at the longeft, and unquiet at the belt. Letnple.
Nuptials of form, of int’reft, or of ftate,
Thofe feeds of pride are fruitful in debate :
Let happy men for gen’rous love declare.
And chufe the needy virgin, chafte and fair. Granv.
To relieve the needy, and comfort the afflicted, are duties
that fall in our way every day. Addifon s Speed. N°. 93.
Ne’e-r. [for never.] •
It appears I am no horfe.
That I can argue and difeourfe ;
Have but tv/o legs, and ne’er a tail. Fludibras.
To Neese. v. n. [nyfe, Danifii; niefen, Dutch.] To fneefe;
to difeharge flatulencies by the nofe. Retained in Scotiand.
He went up and ftretched himfelf upon him ; and the
child neefed feven times, and opened his eyes. 2 Kings iv. 35.
By his neefmgs a light doth fhine, and his eyes are like the
eye-lids of the morning. Job xli. 18.
NEE. n.f. [old French, from nave.] The body of a church.
The church of St. Juftina, deiigned by Palladio, is the
moft handlome, luminous, difencumbered building in Italy.
The long nef confifts of a row of five cupola’s, the crofs
one has on each fide a fingle cupola deeper.than the others.
Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
Nefa'rious. adj. [;nefarius, Latin.] Wicked ; abominable.
The moft nefarious baftards, are they whom the law ftiles
inceftuous baftards, which are begotten between afeendants
and defeendants, and between collateral, as far as the di¬
vine prohibition extends. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
NEGA'TION. n.f {negation Lat. negation, Fr.]
1. Denial; the contrary to affirmation.
Chance properly iignifies, that all events called cafual,
among inanimate bodies, are mechanically and naturally pro¬
duced according to the determinate figures, textures, and
motions of thofe bodies, with this only -negation, that thofe
inanimate bodies are not confcious of their own operations.
Bentley.
Our affertions and negations fhould be yea and nay, for
whatfoever is more than thefe is fin. Rogers, Sertn. 9.
2. Defcription by negative.
Negation is the abfence of that which does not naturally be¬
long to the thing we are fpeaking of, or which has no right, ob¬
ligation, or neceffity to be prefent with it; as when we fay
a ftone is inanimate, of blind, or deaf. Watts’s Logick.
Ne'gative. adj. [negatif\ Fr. negativies, Latin.]
1. Denying; contrary to affirmative.
2. Implying only the abfence of fometbing.
There is another way of denying Chrift with our mouths,
which is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confefs him. South’s Sermons.
Confider the neceflary connection that is between the ne¬
gative and pofitive part of our duty. Tillotfon, Serm. 1.
3. Having the power to withhold, though not to compel.
Denying me any power of a negative voice as king, they
are not afhamed to leek to deprive me of the liberty of iffing
my reafon with a good conference. King Charles.
Ne'gative. n.f.
1. A propofition by which femething is denied.
Of negatives we have far the leaft certainty ; and they
are ufually hardeft, and many times impoffible to be proved.
Tillotfon, Serm. 1.
2. A particle of denial ; as, not.
A purer fubftance is defin’d.
But by an heap of negatives combin’d;
Afk what a fpirit is, you’ll hear them cry.
It hath no matter, no mortality. Cleaveland’s Pocnisi
Ne'gatively. adv. [from negative.]
1. With denial; in the form of denial; not affirmatively.
When I afked him whether he had not drunk at all ? he
anfwered negatively. Boyle.
2. In form of fpeech implying the abfence of fomething.
The fathers draw arguments from the Scripture negatively
in reproof of that which is evil; Scriptures teach It not,
avoid it therefore. Hooker, b. ii.
I Ihall {hew what this image of God in man is, negatively,
by fhewing wherein it does not coniift; and pofitively, by
fhewing wherein it does. South’s Serm.
To NE'GLECT. v. a. [neglectus, Latin.]
1. To omit by careleflnefs.
If he neglett to hear them, tell it unto the church.
Mat. xviii. 17.
2. To treat with fcornful heedleffhefs.
3. To poftpone.
I have been long a fleeper; but I truft:
My abfence doth negletl no great deffgn,
Which by my prefence might have been concluded. Sha.
Ne'glect. n.f [negledius, Latin.]
1. Inftance of inattention.
2. Carelefr treatment; fcornful inattention.
3
I have
N E G
I have perceived a moft faint negleCt of late, which I have
rather blamed as my own jealous curioiity, than as a very
pretence or purpofe of unkindnefs. Shakef. King Lear.
3. Negligence ; frequency of negledl.
Age breeds neglect in all, and actions
Remote in time, like objects
Remote in place, are not beheld at half their greatnefs.
4. State of being unregarded.
Refcue my poor remains from vile negleCt,
With virgin honours let my herle be deck’t,
And decent emblem. Prior
Negle ca er. n.f [fiom negleCl,] One who negledls.
cle'ctful. adj. [neglecl and full.]
NEHeedlefs; carelefs ; inattentive.
Moral ideas not offering themfelves to the fenfes, but be¬
ing to be framed to the undemanding, people are neglectful
°* a *acufty they are aPt to think wants nothing. Locke.
Though the Romans had no great genius for trade, yet
they were not entirely neglectful of it. Arbuth. on Coins.
2.Treating with indifference.
It the fatner care/s them when they do well, fhew a cold
and neglectful countenance to them upon doing ill, it will
make them fenfible ot the difference. Locke on Education.
Negle ciion. n.J. [from neglcCt.] The ftate of being neg¬
ligent. °
Negle ci fully. adv. [from neglectful.] With heedlefs in¬
attention; carelefs indifference.
Sleeping negledion doth betray to lofs
The conquefts of our fcarce cold conqueror. Shakef
NegleGtive. adj. [from negleCi.] Inattentive to, or regardlefs of.
I wanted not probabilities luffieient to raife jealoufies in
any kings heait, not wholly ftupid, and hegleCtive of the
, . King Chari,,.
NE vjLIvjEiNLT. n. f. [negligence, Fr. negligentia, Latin.]
1. Habit of omitting by heedleflhefs, or of ailing carelefly.
2. Inftance of negledl.
She let it drop by negligence,
And, to th’advantage, I being here, took’t up. Shakef.
Negligent, adj. [negligent, Fr. negligens, Latin.]
1. Carelefs ; heedlefs; habitually inattentive.
My fons, be not now negligent; for the Lord hath chofen
you to ftand before him. 2 Qhron. xxix. 11.
2. Carelefs of any particular.
We have been negligent in not hearing his voice. Bar. i. 10.
3. Scornfully regardlefs. ^
Let ffubborn pride poffefs thee long.
And be thou negligent of fame ;
With ev’ry mule to grace thy fong,
May’ll thou defpife a poet’s name. ° Swift's Mifcel.
Negligently. adv. [from negligent.]
1. Carelefsly ; heedlefsly; without exailnefs.
Infeils have voluntary motion, and therefore imagination ;
and whereas fome of the ancients have faid that their mo¬
tion is indeterminate, and their imagination indefinite, it is
negligently obferved ; for ants go right forwards to their hills,
and bees know the way to their hives. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Of all our elder plays.
This and Philaffer haVe the loudeft fame ;
Great are their faults, and glorious is their flame.
In both our Englilh genius is exprefl.
Lofty and bold, but negligently dreft. ' Waller.
In comely figure rang’d my jeWels Ihone,
Or negligently plac’d for thee alone. Prior.
2. With fcornful inattention.
To Negotiate, v. n. [negocier, French; from negotium, La¬
tin.] To have mtercourfe of bufinefs ; to traffick ; to treat.
Have you any commilfion from your lord to negotiate with
my face _ Sbakefpearc’s Twelfth Night.
. bhe was a 6ufy negotiating woman, and in her withdraw¬
ing chamber had the fortunate confpiracy for the king aaainft
king Richard been hatched. ' Bacon's Hen. VII.
it is a common error in negotiating; whereas men have
many reafons to perfuade, they ftrive to ufe them all at once,
which weakeneth them. Bacon
A fteward to embezzle thofe goods he undertakes to ma¬
nage; an embafiador to betray his prince for whom he Ihould
negotiate-, are crimes that double their malignity from the
quahty of the adlors. Decay of Piety.
I can difeover none of thefe frequent intercourfes and ne¬
gotiations, unlefs that Luther negotiated with a black boar.
Negotiation, n. f. [negotiation,, Fr. from negotiatedTreT/j
of bufinefs. ^
Oil is flow', fmooth, and folid ; fo are Spaniards obferved to
be in their motion : Though it be a queftion yet unrefolved
whether their affedled gravity and flownefs in their negotiations have tended more to their prejudice or advantage. ^How.
Negotiator, n.f. [negociateur, Fr. from negotiate.] One em¬
ployed to treat with others.
1 hofe who have defended the proceedings of our nego¬
tiators at Gertruydenburg, dwell much upon their zeal in
N E I
endeavouring to work the French up to their demands fiiif
fay nothing to juftify thofe demands. Swiff
ttk>°,TIATING' °di' ^r°m ne£otiat*’] Employed in negotkaNE'GRO. n.f [Spanifli; negre, Fr.] A blackmoore.
Aegroes tranfplanted into cold and flegmatic habitations
continue their hue in themfelveS and their generations. Brown
Neif. n.f. [mfi, Iflandick; neef Scottifli.J Fill.
Sweet knight, I kifs thy neif. Shakef. Lien. IV. p. ii.
I o Neigh, v. n. [hnaegan, Saxon; negen, Dutch.] To utter
the voice of a horfe or mare.
Note a wild and wanton herd.
Or race of youthful and unhandled colts,
1 etching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing loud. Sha
I hey were as fed horfes, every one neighed. Jer. v. 8
Run up the ridges of the rocks amain ;
And with fhrill neighings fill the neighbouring plain. Dry
I he gen rous horfe, that nobly wild,
Neighs on the hills, and dares the angry lion. Smith
Neigh, n.f [from the verb.] The voice of an horfe.
It is the prince of palfreys ; his neigh is like the bidding
NF THRnnP 3nd/-hIs c<"un^enance “forces homage. Sha.
NEI GHBOUR. n. f. [nehgebup, Saxon.]
1. Une who lives near to another.
Hefentfuch an addition of foot, as he could draw out
of Oxford and the neighbour garrifons. Clarendon..
2. One who lives in familiarity with another; a word of ci¬
vility.
t my g0O<:l friends, mine honeft neighbours,
Will you undo yourfelves ? Shakefpcare's Macbeth.
3. Any thing next or near.
^ This man fhall fet me packing ;
111 lug the guts into the neighbour room. Shakefbeare
4. Intimate; confidant. ^
The deep revolving witty Buckingham
rJSTo..mo[e the neighbour to my counfels. Shakef
5. [In divinity.] One partaking of the fame nature, and there¬
fore entitled to good offices.
The Gofpel allows no fuch term as a ftrano-er • makes
every man my neighbour Sprat's Sermons.
To Nei ghbour. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To adjoin to; to confine on.
I he ftrawberry grows underneath the nettle,
And wholfome berries thrive and ripen beft,
Neighbour'd by fruit of bafer quality. Shakef. Hen. V.
Give me thy hand,
Be pilot to me, and thy places fhall
Still neighbour mine. Shakefpeprt’s Winter', Tal,
Thefe grow on the leifurely amending hills that neighbour
the T"' . t , Sand,’, frney.
1 hiqgs nigh equivalent and neighbouring value
By lot are parted.
2. To acquaint with ; to make near to.
That being of fo young days brought up with him.
And fince lo neighbour’d to his youth and ’haviour
Neighbourhood, n.f. [from neighbour.]
1. Place adjoining.
I could not bear
To leave thee in the neighbourhood of death,
But flew in all the hafte of love to find thee. Add. Cato
2. State of being near each other.
Confider feveral ftates in a neighbourhood; in order to preferve peace between thefe ftates, it is neceffary they fhould
be formed into a balance. Swift
3’ Thofe that live within reach of communication.
Neighbourly, adj. [from neighbour.] Becoming a neigh¬
bour ; kind ; civil. 0
1 he Scottifh lord, hath a neighbourly charity in him • for
he borrowed a box of the ear of the Englifhman, and fwore
he would pay when he was able. Shakef Merck, of Yen
He fteals away my cuftomers ; twelve he has under bonds
never to return ; judge you if this be neighbourly dealing
Arbuthnot’s Hijl. of J. Bull.
Nei ghbourly. Mv. [from neighbour.] With iocial civility.
NEI I HER. conjunct. [nap=5ep, Saxon, ne either.]
1. Not either. A particle ufed in the firft branch of a ne¬
gative fentence, and anfwered by nor.
Fight neither with fmall nor great, fave only with the
Anon.
Sha.
kins.
_ ^ Kin XXllt 9 J r
2. It is fometimes the fficond branch of a negative or prohibi¬
tion to any fentence. v
Ye fhall not eat of it, neither fhall ye touch it. Gen. iii -?
3. Sometimes at the end of a fentence it follows as a negative
St'Mgr^grammatiCll,),> JC‘ -P^callyi
If it be thought that it is the greatnefs of diftance, where¬
by the found cannot be heard j we fee that lightnings and
comrcattons, near at hand, y.eld no found neitfer. '
intnte" WUhYr *° f of wl"<* *re thought innate, they come to the ufe ot rcafon, nor then neither.
Locke.
Neither.
>
N E Ft NET
Nei'thf.r. pronoun. Not either; nor one nor other.
He milker loves,
Nor either cares for him. Sbakefpeare s Ant. and CleO.
Which of them lhall I take ?
Floth, one, or neither ? neither can be enjoy d
If both remain alive. Sbakefpeare s A. Lear.
Suffice it that he’s dead ; all wrongs die with him :
Thus I abfolve myfelf, and excufe him,
Who fav’d my life and honour, but praife neither. Dryd.
Experience makes us fenlible of both, though our narrow
underftandings can comprehend neither. Locke.
They lived with the friendlhip and equality of brethren,
neither lord, neither Have to his brother ; but independent of
each other. Locke.
Neo'phyte. n. f. \_neophyte, Fr. vk; and (pvu.] One regene¬
rated ; a convert.
Neote'ricic.. adj. [ncotcricus, Latin.] Modern; novel; late.
We are not to be guided either by the mifreports of fome
ancients, or the capricio’s of one or two neotericks. Grew.
Nep. n.J. [nepeta, Lat.] An herb.
Ne penthe, n.f [»« and 7mS©J.] A drug that drives away
all pains.
There where no paffion, pride, or lhame tranfport,
Lull’d with the fweet nepenthe of a court;
There where no fathers, brothers, friends difgrace.
Once break their reft nor fur them from their place. Pope.
NE'PHEW. n.f. [nepos, Latin; m, French.]
1. The foil of a brother or fifter.
Immortal offspring of my brother Jove ;
My brighteft nephew and whom beft I love. Dryden.
I a(k, whether in the inheriting of this paternal power,
the grandfon by a daughter, hath a right before a nephew by
a brother ? Locket
2. The grandfon. Out of ufe.
With what intent they were firft published, thofe words
of the nephew of Jefus do plainly enough ffgnify, after that
my grand-father Jefus had given himfelf to the reading of
the law and the prophets, and other books of our fathers,
and had gotten therein fufficient judgment, he propofed alfo to write fomething pertaining to learning and wifdom.
Hooker, b. v. f. 21.
Her fire at length is kind,
Prepares his empire for his daughter’s eafe.
And for his hatching nephews fmooths the feas, Dryden.
3. Defcendant, however diftant. Out of ufe.
All the fons of thefe five brethren reign’d
By due fuccefs, and all their nephews late,
Even thrice eleven defeents the crown retain’d. Fairy
Nephri'tick.adj. [vj^ihxQp ; nephretique, Fr.]
1. Belonging to the organs of urine.
2. Troubled with the ltone.
The diet of ?zephritic perfons ought to be fuch as is oppofite to the alkalefcent nature of the falts in their blood.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. Good againft the ftone.
The nephritic ftone is commonly of an uniform dufky green ;
but fome famples I have feen of it that are variegated with
white, black, and fometimes yellow. JVoodw. Mett. Foff.
Ne'potism. n. f. [nepotifme, French ; nepos, Latin.] Fondnefs for nephews.
To this humour of nepotifn Rome owes its prefent fplendor ;
for it would have been impoffible to have furnilhed out fo
many glorious palaces with fuch a profufion of pictures and
ftatues, had not the riches of the people fallen into different
families. Addifon on Italy.
NERVE, n.f. [nervus, Latin; nerf Fr.] The organs of fenfation paffing from the brain to all parts of the body.
ft he nerves do ordinarily accompany the arteries through
all the body ; they have alfo blood-veffels, as the other parts
of the body. Wherever any nerve fends out a branch, or
receives one from another, or where two nerves join toge¬
ther, there is generally a ganglio or plexus. Quincy.
What man dare, I dare :
Approach thou like the rugged Ruffian bear;
'Fake any fhape but that, and my firm nerves
Shall never tremble. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
2. It is ufed by the poets for finew or tendon.
Strong Tharyfmed difeharged a fpeeding blow
Full on his neck, and cut the nerves in two. Pope's Odyff.
Ne'rveless. adj. [from nerve.] Without ftrength.
There funk Thalia, nervelefs, faint and dead.
Had not her fifter Satire held her head. Dunciad, b. iv.
Ne'rvous. adj. [nervofus, Latin.] Wellftrung; ftrong; vi¬
gorous.
What nervous arms he boafts, how firm his tread,
His limbs how turn’d. Pope's Odyfjey, b. viii.
2. Relating to the nerves; having the feat in the nerves.
3. [In medical cant.] Having weak or difeafed nerves.
Poor, weak, nervous creatures. Cheney.
Nervy. adj. [from nerve.] Strong; vigorous. Not in ufe.
Death, that dark fpirit, in his nervy arm doth lie,
Which being advanc'd, declines, and then men die. Sbd.
Nescience, n.f. [from nefcio, Latin.] Ignorance; the ftate
of not knowing.
Many of the moft accomphfhcd wits of all ageo, have
refolved their knowledge into Socrates his lum total, and
after all their pains in queft of fcience, have fat down in a
profeffed nejcience. Glanv. Scepf. c. ii.
Nesh. adj. [nej*c, Saxon.] Soft; tender; eafily hurt. Skin.
Ness. _ .
I. A termination added to an adjedlive to change it into a fubftantive, denotingyfote or quality ; as, poifonous, poifonoufnefs ;
turbid, turbidnefs; lovely, lovclincfs ; from nijye, Saxon.
,2. The termination of many names of places where there is
a headland or promontory; from neye, Saxon ; a nofe of
land, or headland ; as Inverness.
NEST. n.f. [nepr, Saxon.]
1. The bed formed by the bird for incubation and feeding her
young.
If a bird’s nejl chance to be before thee in the way, thou
{halt not take the dam with the young. Deut. xxii. 6.
2. Any place where animals are produced.
Redi found that all kinds of putrefaction did only afford a
nejl and aliment for the eggs and young of thofe infeCls he
admitted. Bentley.
3. An abode ; place of refidence ; a receptacle. Generally in a
bad fenfe : as, a neft of rogues and thieves.
. Come from that nejl
Of death, contagion, and unnatural deep. Shakef.
4. A warm clofe habitation, generally in contempt.
Some of our minifters having livings offered unto them,
will neither, for zeal of religion, nor winning fouls to God,
be drawn forth from their warm nejls. Spenfer.
5. Boxes or drawers ; little pockets or conveniences.
To Nest. v. n. [from the noun.] To build nefts.
The cedar ftretched his branches as far as the mourn*
tains of the moon, and the king of birds nejled within his
leaves. Flowel's Vual Forejl.
Ne'stegg. n.f. [nejl and egg.] An egg left in the neft to
keep the hen from forfaking it.
Books and money laid for Ihew,
Like nejleggs, to make clients lay. Hudibras.
To Ne'stle. v. n. [from nejl.] To fettle; to harbour; to
lie clofe and fnug, as a bird in her neft.
Their purpofe was, to fortify in fome ftrong place of the
wild country, and there nejlle ’till greater fuccours came.
Bacon's War with Spain.
A cock got into a liable was neflling in the ftraw among the
horfes. L'EJlrange.
The king’s filher wonts commonly by the waterfide, and
neflles in hollow banks. L'EJlrange.
Flutt’ring there they nejlle near the throne.
And lodge in habitations not their own. Dryden.
The floor is ftrowed with feveral plants, among!! which
the fnails nejlle all the winter. Addifon on Italy.
Mark where the Ihy directors creep.
Nor to the Ihore approach too nigh ;
The monfters nejlle in the deep,
To feize you in your paffing by. Swift's Mifcel,
To Nestle, v. a.
1. To houfe, as in a neft.
Poor heart 1
That labour’ll yet to nejlle thee.
Thou think’ll by hov’ring here to get a part.
In a forbidden or forbidding tree. Donne.
Cupid found a downy bed,
And nejll'd in his little head. Prior.
2. To cherilh, as a bird her young.
This Ithacus, fo highly is endear’d
To this Minerva, that her hand is ever in his deeds :
She, like his mother, nejlles him. Chapman's Iliads.
Ne'stling. n.f. [from uejlle.] A bird juft taken out of the
neft.
Net. n.f. [nati, Gothick ; net:, Saxon.] A texture woven
with large interftices or melhes, ufed commonly as a fnare
for animals.
Poor bird ! thoud’ft never fear the net, nor lime.
The pitfall nor the gin. Sbakefpeare s Macbeth.
He made nets of chequer-work for the chapiters, upon the
top of the pillars. 1 Kings vii. 17.
Impatience intangles us like the fluttering of a bird in a
net, but cannot at all eafe our trouble. Taylor's Holy Living.
The vegetative tribes.
Wrapt in a filmy net, and clad with leaves. Thomfon.
NET HER. adj. [neo’Ser, Saxon; neder, Dutch. It has the
form of a comparative, but is never ufed in expreffed, but
only in implied comparifon ; for we fee the nether part, but
never fay this part is nether than that, nor is any pofitive in"
ufe, though it feems comprifed in the word beneath. Nether
is not now much in ufe.]
I. Lower; not upper.
N*
N E V
No man fhall take the nether or the upper millftone to
pledge ; tor he taketh a man’s life to pledge. Deut. xxiv. 6.
In his picture are two principal errors, the one in the com¬
plexion and hair, the other in the mouth, which commonly
they draw with a full and nether great lip. Peacham.
This ocious offspring,
Thine own begotten, breaking violent way
Tore through my entrails; that with fear and pain
Diftorted, all my nether fhape thus grew
Transform’d. Milton s Paradife LoJly b. ii.
The upper part thereof was whey.
The ;tether, orange mix’d with grey. Hudibras, p. i.
A beauteous maid above, but magic arts,
With barking dogs deform’d her nether parts. Rofcommon.
As if great Atlas from his height
Shou’d link beneath his heav’nly weight,
And with a mighty flaw, the flaming wall
Shou’d gape immenfe, and rufhing down o’erwhelm this
nether ball. Dryden.
Two poles turn round the globe;
The firft fublime in heaven, the laft is whirl’d
Below the regions of the nether world. Dryden.
2. Being in a lower place.
This fhews you are above,
You juftices, that thefe our nether crimes.
So fpeedily can venge. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Numberlefs were thofe bad angels, feen
Hov’ring on wing under the cope of hell,
’Twixt upper, nether, and furrounding fires. Milton.
3. Infernal; belonging to the regions below.
No lets defire
To found this nether empire, which might rife,
In emulation, oppofite to heav’n. Milton's Par. Lojl,
The gods with hate beheld the nether fky,
The ghofts repine. Dryden's AEn.
Ne'thermost. n. f. [fupcr. of nether.] Loweff.
Great is thy mercy toward me, and thou haft delivered
my foul from the nethermojl hell. Pjaltn lxxxvi. 13.
Undaunted to meet there whatever pow’r.
Or fpirit, of the nethennoji abyfs
Might in that noife relide. Milton's Paradife Loft, b. ii.
All that can be faid of a liar lodged in the very nethermojl
hell, is this, that if the vengeance of God could prepare
any place world than hell for linners, hell itfelf would be
too good for him. South's Sermons.
Heraclitus tells us, that the eclipfe of the fun was after
the manner of a boat, when the concave, as to our fight,
appears uppermoft, and the convex nethermojl. Kcilaga. Bur.
Ne'tting. n.f. A reticulated piece of work.
NE'TTLE. n.f. [nerel, Saxon.] A ftinging herb well known.
It hath an apetalous flower, confuting of many ftamina
included in an empalement; but thefe are barren; for the
embryos are produced either on different plants, or on dif¬
ferent parts of the fame plant, without any viiible flower,
which becomes a bivalve feed-vefiel, fometimes gathered in¬
to round heads, and at other times fmall and hairy, inclofing
feveral feeds. Miller.
The ftrawberry grows underneath the nettle,
And wholfom berries thrive and ripen belt.
Neighbour’d by fruit of bafer quality. Shake/. Hen. V.
Some fo like to thorns and nettles live,
That none for them can, when they perifli, grieve. Waller.
To Nettle, v. a. [from the noun.] Tolling; to irritate;
to provoke.
The princes were fo nettled at the fcandal of this affront,
that every man took it to himfelf. L'Ejlrange.
Although at every part of the Anoftles difcourfe lome of
them might be uneafy and nettled, yet a moderate filence and
attention was frill observed. Bentley.
Ne'twork. n.f. [net and work.] Any thing reticulated or
decuffated, at equal diftances, with interftices between the interfedtions.
Nor any fkill’d in workmanfhip embofs’d j
Nor any fkill’d in loops of fing’ring fine;
Might in their diverfe cunning ever dare,
With this fo curious network to compare. Spenfer.
A large cavity in the iinciput was filled with ribbons, lace,
and embroidery, wrought together in a curious piece of network. Addifon's Spectator.
NE'VER. adv. [ne ever, nseppe, Saxon; ne zsppe, not ever.]
1. At no time.
2. It is ufed in a form of fpeech handed down by the left
writers, but lately accufed, I think, with juftice, of folecifm ; as, he is mijlaken though neverfo wife. It is now main¬
tained, that propriety requires it to be expreffed thus, he is
mijlaken though everJo wife; that is, he is mijlaken how wife
foever he be. The common mode can only be defended bv
fupplying a very harfh and unprecedented ellipfis ; he is mftdken though Jo zvi/e, as never was any : fuch howevei is me
common ufe of the word among the. beft authors.
By its own f< rce deftroy’d, fruition ceas’d,
And always weary’d, I was never pleas’d.
N E U
Never any thing was fo unbred as that odious man.
Congreve's Way of, tue World,
Be it never fo true which we teach the world to believe,
yet if once their affe&ions begin to be alienated, a fmall
thing perfuadeth them to change their opinion's. Hooker.
Afk me never fo much dowry and gift, and I will give
according as ye fhall fay. Gen. xxxiv. 12.
In a living creature, though never fo great, the fenfe and
the affedts of any one part of the body, inftantly make a
tranfeurfion throughout the whole body. Bacon's Nat. Hi/l.
They deftroyed all, were it never fo pleafant, within a
mile of the town. Knolles’s Hi/l. of the Burks.
He that fhuts his eyes againft a finall light, would not be
brought to fee that which he had no mind to fee, let it be
placed in never fo clear a light, and never fo near him.
Atterbury's Sermons.
That prince whom you efpoufe, although never fo vigoroufiy, is the principal in war, you but a fecond. Swift.
3. In no degree.
Whofoever has a faithful friend to guide him, may carry
his eyes in another man’s head, and yet fee never the worfe.
South's Sermons.
4. It feems in fome phrafes to have the fenfe of an adjective.
Not any.
He anfwered him to never a word, infomuch that the governour marvelled. Matt, xxvii. 14.
5. It is much ufed in compofition ; as, never-ending, having
no end ; of which fome examples are fubjoined.
Nature afiureth us by never-failing experience, and reafon
.by infallible demonftration, that our times upon the earth
have neither certainty nor durability. Raleigh.
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never fear,
I come to pluck your berries harfh and crude. Milton.
Your never-failing fword made war to ceafe,
And now you heal us with the adts of peace. Waller.
So corn in fields, and in the garden flow’rs.
Revive and raife themfelves with mod’rate fhow’rs ;
But over-charg’d with never-ceafmg rain,
Become too moift. Waller.
Our heroes of the former days,
Deferv’d and gain’d their never-fading bays. Rofcommon.
Not Thracian Orpheus fhould tranfeend my lays.
Nor Linus crown’d with never-fading bays. Dryden.
Leucippus, with his never-erring dart. Dryd. Ovid.
Farewel, ye never-opening gates. Dryden.
He to quench his drought fo much inclin’d.
May fnowy fields and nitrous paftures fin'd ;
Meet ftores of cold fo greedily purfu’d,
And be refrefh’d with never- wafting food. Blackmore.
Norton hung down his never-blnfifing head.
And all was hufh’d, as folly’s felf lay dead. Pope's Dune.
What the weak head with ftrongelf biafs rules.
Is pride, the never-failing vice of fools. Pope.
Thy bufy never-meaning face,
Thy fcrew’d up front, thy ftate grimace. Swift.
Nevertheless, adv. [never thelejs.] Notwithftanding, that.
They plead that even fuch ceremonies of the church of
Rome as contain in them nothing which is not of itfelf
agreeable to the word of God, ought nevcrthclcjs to be
abolifhed. Hooker, b. iv.
Many of our men were gone to land, and our fhips ready
to depart ; ncverthelefs the admiral, with fuch fhips only
as could fuddenly be put in readinefs, made forth towards
them. Bacon.
Creation muft needs infer providence ; and God’s making
the world, irrefragably proves that he governs it too; or
that a being of a dependent nature remains neverthelefs in¬
dependent upon him in that refpecU South’s Sermons.
Neu'rology. n.f. [vsupov and Xopog.] A defeription of the
nerves.
Neurotomy, n.f. [vsupov and rt'pw.] The anatomy of the
nerves.
NEU'TER. adj. [neuter, Latin ; ncutre, Fr.]
1. Indifferent ; not engaged on either fide.
The general divifion of the Britifh nation is into whigs
and tories ; there being very few, if any, who ftand neuter
in the difpute, without ranging themfelves under one of thefe
denominations. Addifon s Freeholder, N1-'. 54.
2. [In grammar.] A noun that implies no fex.
The adjeHives are neuter, and animal muft be underftood
to make it grammar. Dryden.
A verb neuter is that which fignifies neither a&ion nor
paffion, but fome ftate or condition of being; as, fedeo, I
fit. Clarke's Lathi Grammar.
Neu'ter. n.f. One indifferent and unengaged.
The learned heathens may be looked upon as neuters in
the matter, when all thefe prophecies were new to them,
and their education had left the interpretation of them in¬
different. Addijon on the Chrijtian Religion.
18 D Nei/tral,
Prior.
NEW
Neu'tral. adj. [neutral French.]
1. Indifferent; not ailing; not engaged on either fide.
Who can be wife, amaz’d, template and furious,
Loyal and neutral, in a moment ? No man. Shakefpeare.
He no fooner heard that king Henry was fettled by his
viilory, but forthwith he fent ambaffadors unto him, to pray
that he would (land neutral. Bacon s Hen. VII.
The allies may be fupplied for money, from Denmark and
other neutral dates. Addifon on the IVar.
2. Indifferent; neither good nor bad.
Some things good, and fome things ill do feem,
And neutral fome, in her fantaftic eye. Davies.
3. Neither acid nor alkaline.
Salts which are neither acid nor alkaline, are called neu-
. j Arbutbnot.
Neu'tral. n.f. One who does not ail nor engage on either
fide* , .
The treacherous who have milled others, and the neutrals
and the falfe-hearted friends and followers, who have flarted
afide like a broken bow, are to be noted. Bacon.
Neutrality, n.f. [neutrality French.]
1. A flate of indifference ; of neither friendfhip nor hoftility.
Men who pofiefs a flate of neutrality in times of publick
danger, defert the common intereft of their fellow-fubjeils.
6 Addifon.
The king, late griefs revolving in his mind,
Thefe reafons for neutrality affign’d. Garth's Ovid.
All pretences to neutrality are juflly exploded, only in¬
tending the fafety and eafe of a few individuals, while the
publick is embroiled. This was the opinion and practice of
the latter Cato. Swift.
2. A flate between good and evil.
There is no health : phyficians fay, that we
At befl enjoy but a neutrality. Donne.
Neu'trally. adv. [from neutral.'] Indifferently ; on neither
part.
NEW. adj. [newyd, Welfh ; neop, Saxon ; neuf, Fr.]
1. Not old ; frefh ; lately produced, made or had ; novel. It
is ufed of things : as, young of perfons.
What’s the newejl grief?-
_That of an hour’s age doth hifs the fpeaker;
Each minute teems a new one. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Do not all men complain how little we know, and how
much is flill unknown ? And can we ever know more, unlefs fomething new be difeovered ? Burnet.
2. Modern; of the prefent time.
Whoever converfes much among old books, will be fome¬
thing hard to pleafe among new. Temple’s Mifcellanies.
3. Not antiquated ; having the effedl of novelty.
There names inferib’d unnumber’d ages pafl.
From time’s firfl birth, with time itfelf fhall lafl;
Thefe ever new, nor fubje£l to decays.
Spread and grow brighter with the length of days. Pope.
4. Not habituated; not familiar.
Such affemblies, though had for religion’s fake, may ferve
the turn of heretics, and fuch as privily will inftil their poifon into new minds. Hooker, b. v.
Seiz’d with wonder and delight,
Gaz’d all around me, new to the tranfporting fight. Dryd.
Twelve mules, a ftrong laborious race.
New to the plough, unpractis’d in the trace. Pope.
5. Renovated ; repaired, fo as to recover the firfl flate.
Men after long emaciating diets, wax plump, fat, and almoft
neWt Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
6. Frefh after any thing.
Nor dare we trufl fo foft a meffenger,
New from her ficknefs to that northern air. Dryden.
7. Not of ancient extraction.
A fuperior capacity for bufinefs, and a more extenfive
knowledge, are fleps by which a new man often mounts to
favour, and outfhines the reft of his contemporaries. Addif.
New. adv. This is, I think, only ufed in compofition for
newly, which the following examples may explain.
As foon as fhe had written them, a new fwarm of thoughts
Hinging her mind, fhe was ready with her foot to give the
mu-born letters both to death and burial. Sidney, b. ii.
God hath not then left this to chufc that, neither would
rejeCt that to chule this, were it not for fome new-grown
occafiori, making that which hath been better worfe. Hooker.
So dreadfully he towards him did pafs,
Forelifting up aloft his fpeckled breaft,
And often bounding on the bruifed grafs.
As for greatjoyance of his w^tu-come gueft. Fairy
Who arc the violets now
That ftrow the green lap of the new-come fpring. Shakef.
Your maftcr’s lines
Are full of mu-found oaths ; which he will break
As eafily as I do tear this paper. Shakefpeare.
Will you with thofc infirmities fhe owes.
Unfriended, mu-adopted to our hate,
Dower’d with our curfc, and ftranger’d with our oath,
N E W
Take her or leave her ? _ Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Left by a multitude
The new-heal’d wound of malice fhould break out. Shak.
Bow, ftubborn knees; and heart with firings of fteel
Be foft as finews of the new-born babe. Shakef. Ham.
Now hath my foul brought forth her prodigy,
And I a gafping, w^zu-deliver’d mother.
Have woe to woe, forrow to forrow join d. Sha. P. II,
I am in parliament pledge for his truth,
And lafting fealty to the new-made king. Sha. R. II.
He law heav’n blofiom with a new-born light,
On which, as on a glorious ftranger gaz’d
The o-oldcn eyes of night; whole beams made bright
The way to Beth’lem, and as boldly blaz’d;
Nor afk’d leave of the fun, by day as night. Crafoaw.
I’ve feen the morning’s lovely rayr
Hover o’er the new-born day ;
With rofy wings fo richly bright.
As if he fcorn’d to think of night.
When a ruddy ftorm, whofe fcoul.
Made heaven’s radiant face look foul.
Call’d for an untimely night
To blot the newly bloftbm’d light. Crafnaw.
Some tree, whofe broad fmooth leaves together low’d.
And girded on our loins, may cover round
Thole middle parts ; that this new-comer fharne,
There lit not, and reproach us as unclean. Milt. P. Lofl.
Their father’s flate,
And ww-entrufted feeptre. Miltons Poems.
The »m-created world, which fame in heav n
Long had foretold. Milton's' Paradife Lofl.
His evil
Thou ufeft, and from thence created more good,
Witnels this new-made world, another heav’n. Milton.
.All clad in livelieft colours, frefh and fair
As the bright flowers that crown’d their brighter hair;
All in that me-blown age which does infpire
Warmth in themfelves, in their beholders fire. Cnvley.
While from above adorn’d with radiant light,
A new-born fun furprio’d the dazzled fight. Rofcommcn.
If it could, yet that it fhould always run them into fuch
a machine as is already extant, and not often into fome newfafhioned one, fuch as was never feen before, no reafon can
be affigned or imagined. Ray on the Creation.
This Englifh edition is not fo properly a tranflation, as a
new compofition, there being lcveral additional chapters in
it, and feveral wrzu-moulded. Burnet's Theory of the Earths
IVAu-found lands accrue to the prince whofe fubjedl makes
the firfl difeovery. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Let this be nature’s frailty, or her fate.
Or Ifgrim’s counfel, her new-chofen mate. Dryden.
When the flood in its own depths was drown’d.
It left behind it falfe and flipp’ry ground ;
And the more folemn pomp was flill deferr’d,
’Till new-born nature in frefh looks appear’d. Dryden.
Shewn all at once you dazzled fo our eyes.
As new-born Pallas did the Gods furprife ;
When fpringing forth from Jove’s new-doling wound.
She ftruck the warlike fpear into the ground. Dryden.
A bird mu-made, about the banks fire plies,
Not far from fhore, and ftiort excurfions tries. Dryden.
Our houfe has fent to-day
T’ infure our mu-built vefiel, call’d a play. Dryden.
’Twas eafy now to guefs from whence arofe.
Her mu-made union with her ancient foes. Dryden.
Then curds and cream,
And new-laid eggs, which Baucis’ bufy care
Turn’d by a gentle fire, and roafted rare. Dryd. Boccace.
When pleading Matho, born abroad for air.
With his fat paunch fills his mu-fafhioned chair. Dryd.
A mu-form’d faction does your power oppofe,
The fight’s confus’d, and all who met were foes. Dryden.
If thou ken’ll from far
Among the Pleiads a mu-kindled liar ;
If any fparkles than the reft more bright,
’Tis fhe that fhines in that propitious light. Dryden.
If we confider mu-born children, we (hall have little r«~afon to think that they bring many ideas into the world with
them. Locke.
Drummers with vellom-thunder {hake the pile,
To greet the mu-made bride. Gay's Trivia.
Ah Blouzelind ! I love thee more by half.
Than does their fawns, or cows the mu-fall’n calf.
Gays Pajlcrals.
The proiftor exhibits his proxy from the dean and chapter,
and prefents the «riu-ele£ted bifhop to the vicar-general.
Ayliffe's Parergon.
The mu-fallen young here bleating for their dams.
The larger here, and there the lefler lambs. Pope.
A mu-married man and an afs, are bride- led; an oldmarried man and a pack-horfe, fadd-led. Arbuth. and Pope.
Learn
NEW N I B
Leara all the xm’-fafhion words and oaths. Swift,
Newfa'ncled. adj. [new and /angle.] Formed with vain
Or foolifh love of novelty.
At Chriftmas I no more defire a rofe,
Than wifh a fnow in May’s newfangled fhows ; C
But like of each thing, that in ieafon grows. Shake/, j
Thofe charities are not nc.'Jangled devices of yefterday,
but are moft of them as old as the reformation. Atterbury.
Newfangledness. 7 n. f. [ from newfangled. J Vain and
Newfangleness. ) foolifh love of novelty.
So to netvfanglencfs both of manner, apparel, and each
thing elfe, by the cuftom of felf-guilty evil, glad to change
though often for a worfe. Sidney, b. ii.
Yet he them in newfanglenefs did pafs. Hubberd’s Tale.
The women would be loth to come behind the fafhion in
newfanglednefs of the manner, if not in coftlinefs of the
matter. Carew.
Ne'wel. n. f.
1. The compafs round which the flaircafe is carried.
Let the flairs to the upper rooms be upon a fair open
newel, and finely railed in. Bacon, EJJ'ay 46.
2. Newel; novelty. Spenjer.
Ne'wing. n.f. [from m] Yeft or barm. AinJ\
Ne'wly. adv. [from new.] Frefhly ; lately.
Such is the power of that fweet paffion,
That it all fordid bafenefs doth repel,
And the refined mind doth newly fafhion
Into a fairer form. Spenfer’s Hymn on Love.
Her breath indeed thofe hands have newly flopp’d. Sha.
They newly learned by the king’s example, that attainders
do not interrupt the conveying-of title to the crown. Bacon.
Her lips were red, and one was thin.
Compar’d to that was next her chin ;
Some bee had flung it newly. Suckling.
Then rubb’d it o’er with newly gather’d mint. Dryd.
Ne'wness. n.f. [from new.] Frefhnefs; latenefs; novelty;
recentnefs ; Hate of being new.
His device was to come without any device, all in white
like a new knight, but fo new as his newnefs fhamed mofl
of the others long exercife. Sidney, b. ii.
Away, my friends, new flight;
And happy newnefs that intends old right. Shakefpcare.
Words borrowed of antiquity do lend majefly to flile, they
have the authority of years, and out of their intermiflion do
win to themfelves a kind of grace-like newnefs. B.jfo/m.
Their flories, if they had been preferved, and what elfe
was then performed in that newnefs of the world, there
could nothing of more delight have been left fo poflerity.
Raleigh's Hifl. of the World.
In thefe diflurbances,
And newnefs of a wav’ring government, '
T’ avenge them of their former grievances. Dan. C. War.
.‘Newnefs in great matters, was a worthy entertainment for
a fearching mind; it was an high tafte, fit for the relilh.
South's Sermons.
There are fome riewnejfes of Englifli, tranflated from the
beauties of modern tongues, as well as from the elegances
of the latin ; and here and there fome old words are fprinkled,
which for their fignificance and found, deferved not to be an¬
tiquated. Dryden’s Don Sebajlian.
When Horace writ his fatyrs, the monarchy of his Caefar
was in its newnefs, and the government but juft made eafy
to his conquered people. Dryden’s Juvenal.
NEWS. n.f. without the Angular, [ from new, nouvelles,Yr.]
1. Frefh account of any thing; fomething not heard before.
As he was ready to be greatly advanced for fome noble
pieces of fervice which he did, he heard news of me. Sidney.
When Rhea heard thefe news, fhe fled from her hufband
to her brother Saturn. Raleigh’s Hi/l. of the World.
Evil news rides fall, while good news baits. Milt. Agonijl.
With fuch amazement as weak mothers ufe,
And frantick gefture, he receives the news. Waller.
Now the books, and now the bells.
And now our adl the preacher tells,
Fo edify the people ;
All our divinity is news.
And wc have made of equal ufe
The pulpit and the fteeple. Denham.
The amazing news of Charles at once was fpread, .
At once the general voice declared
Our gracious prince was dead. Dryden.
It is no news for the weak and poor to be a prey to the
flrong and rich. L’Ejlrange.
They have news-gatherers and intelligencers diftributed
into their fevcral walks, who bring in their relpedtive quotas,
and make them acquainted with the difeourfe of the whole
kingdom. Spectator, 439.
2. Papers which give an account of the tranfactions of the
prefent times.
Their papers, filled with a different party fpirit, divide the
people into different fentiments, who generally ednfider ra¬
ther the principles than the truth of the news-writer. Aeldif
Advertife both in every news-paper ; and let it not be
your fault or mine, if our country-men will not take Warn¬
ing. Swift’s Drapiers Letters.
Wood is generally his own news-writer. I cannot but
obferve from that, paragraph, that this public enemy treats
this kingdom with contempt. Swift’s Drapiers Letters.
Pamphlets and «rzw-papers have been full of me. Pope.
Ne'ws-monger. n.f. [news and monger.] One that deals in
news ; one whofe employment it is to hear and to tell news.
Many tales devis’d,
Which oft the ear of greatnefs needs mud hear,
By fmiling pick-thanks and bafe news-mongers. Shake/.
This was come as a judgment upon him for laying alide
his father’s will, and turning flock-jobber, news-monge , and
bufy body, meddling with other peoples affairs. Arbuthnot.
Newt, n.f [epete, Saxon. Newt is fuppofed by Skinner to
be contradled from an evet.] Eft; final 1 lizard : they are
fuppofed to be appropriated fome to the land, and fome to
the water.
Oh thou J whofe felf-fame mettle.
Whereof thy proud child, arrogant man, is puft,
Engenders the black toad, and adder blue,
The gilded newt, and eyelefs venom’d worm. Shake/.
Nezvts and blind worms do no wrong ;
Come not near our fairy queen. Sha. M. Night’s Dream,
_ Such humidity is obferVed in newts and water-lizards, efpecially if their fkins be perforated or pricked. Brown’s V. Err.
New-year’s-gift. n.f. [new, year, and gift.] Prefent made
on the firft day of the year.
If I be ferved fuch a trick, I’ll have my brains taken out
and buttered, and give them to a dog for a new-year’s-gift.
Shakejpeare’s Merry Wives of Windfor.
When he fat on the throne diftributing new-year’s-gifts,
he had his altar of incenfe by him, that before they received
gifts they might caft a little incenfe into the fire; which all
good chriftians refufed to do. istillingfeet,
NEXT. adj. [next, Saxon, by a colloquial change^ from
nej5fe or nyjpyz, the fuperlative of ne]? or nyp ; neejl, Scottifh,]
1. Neareft in place ; immediately fucceeding in order.
Want fupplieth itfelf of what is next, and many times the
next way. Bacon, EJJ'ay 14.
The queen already fat
High on a golden bed ; her princely gueft
Was next her fide, in order fat the reft. Dryd. Virg. An.
The next in place and punifhment were they.
Who prodigally throw their fouls away. Dryden, Ain. vi.
2. Neareft in any gradation.
If the king himfelf had flayed at London, or, which had
been the next beft, kept his court at York, and fent the
army on their proper errand, his enemies had been fpeedily
fubdued. Clarendon,
O fortunate young man ! at leaft your lays
Are next to his, and claim the fecond praiie. Dryden.
Finite and infinite, being by the mind looked on as mo*-
difications of expanfion and duration, the next thing to be
confidered, is, how the mind comes by them. Locke.
That’s a difficulty next to impoffible. Rowe.
Next. adv. At the time or turn immediately fucceeding.
Th’ unwary nymph
Defir’d of Jove, when next he fought her bed,
To grant a certain gift. Addfon’s Ovid Metam. b. iii.
NPas. n.f. [niais, French.] Simple, filly, and foolifh.
A nias hawk is one taken newly from the neft, and not
able to help itfelf; and hence nifey, a filly perfon. Bailey.
NIB. n.f. [neb, Saxon, the face ; nebbe, Dutch, the bill.]
1. The bill or beck of a bird. See Neb.
2. The point of any thing, generally of a pen.
A tree called the bejuco, which twines about other trees*
with its end hanging downwards, travellers cut the nib off
it, and prefently a fpout of water runs out from it as clear
as cryftal. _ Derhams
Ni'bbed. adj. [from nib.] Having a nib.
To Nibble, v. a. [from nib, the beak or mouth.]
1. To bite by little at a time; to eat flowly.
Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling fheep,
And flat meads thatch’d with ftover them to keep. Sha.
It is the rofe.that bleeds, when he
Nibbles his nice phlebotomy. Cleaveland’s Poems.
Had not he better have born wats nibbling of his plants and
roots now, than the huntfman’s eating of him out of houfe
and homej L’Efrange. Fable 387.
Many there are who nibble without leave ;
But none, who are not born to tafte, furvive. Granvil.
2. To bite as a fifh does the bait.
The roving trotit
Greedily fucks in the twining bait,
And tugs and nibbles at the fallacious meat* Gay,
ToNi'bble. v.n.
i. To bite at.
As pidgeons bill, fo wedlock would be nibbling. Shake/.
They
N I C N I C
They gape at rich revenues which you hold,
And fain would nibble at your grandame gold. Dryden.
But if you would be nibbling, here is a hand to flay your
ftomach. Dryden''s Don Sebajlian.
Plunging himfelf in mud, and then lifting up his head a
little, he calls out the laid firing ; which the little fifties
taking for a worm, and nibbling at it, he immediately plucks
them both in together. Crew's Mufeeum.
2.To carp at; to find fault with.
Inltead of returning a full anfwer to my book, he manifellly falls a nibbling at one fingle paffage in it. 'Tillot. Pref.
Nibbler. n.f [from nibble.] One that bites by little at a time.
NICE. adj. [nej-e, Saxon, foft.]
1. Accurate in judgment to minute exa&nefs ; fuperfluoully
exadl. It is often ufed to exprefs a culpable delicacy.
Such a man was Argalus, as hardly the nicejl eye can find
a fpot in. Sidney.
He that Hands upon a llipp’ry place.
Makes nice of no vile hold to flay him up. Ska. K. John.
Nor be fo nice in tafte myfelf to know,
If what I fwallow be a thrufli or no. Dryd. Perfms.
Thus critics, of lefs judgment than caprice.
Curious, not knowing, not exadt, but nice.
Form fhort ideas, and offend in arts,
As molt in manners, by a love to parts. Pope on Crit.
Our author, happy in a judge fo nice,
Produc’d his play, and begg’d the knight’s advice. Pope.
2. Delicate; fcrupuloufly and minutely cautious.
The letter was nt>t nice, but full of charge
Of dear import. Shakef Romeo and Juliet.
Dear love ! continue nice and chalte ;
For if you yield, you do me wrong ;
Let duller wits to love’s end halle,
I have enough to woo thee long. Donne.
Of honour men at firlt like women nice,
Raife maiden fcruples at unpradtis’d vice. E. Halifax.
Having been compiled by Gratian, in an ignorant age, we
ought not to be too nice in examining it. Baker
j. Faftidious; fqueamilh.
God hath here
Varied his bounty fo with new delights.
As may compare with heaven ; and to tafte.
Think not I lhall be nice. Milt. Par. Loji.
4. Eafily injured ; delicate.
With how much eafe is a young mufe betray’d ?
How nice the reputation of the maid ? Rofcommon.
5. Formed with minute exadtnefs.
Indulge me but in love, my other pallions
Shall rife and fall by virtue’s nicejl rules. Addifon's Cato.
6. Requiring fcrupulous exadtnefs.
Suppofing an injury donej it is a nice point to proportion
the reparation to the degree of the indignity. L'EJlrange.
My progrefs in making this nice and troublefome experi¬
ment, I have fet down more at large. Newton's Opt.
7. Refined.
A nice and fubtile happinefs I fee
Thou to thyfelf propofeft, in the choice
Of thy affociates, Adam; and wilt tafte
No pleafure, tho’ in pleafure folitary. Milt. P. LoJl.
8. Having lucky hits. This fignification is not in ufe.
When my hours
Were nice and lucky, men did ranfom lives
Of me for jefts. Shakef. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Nicely, adv. [from nice.]
1. Accurately; minutely; fcrupuloufiy. . .. .
Thefe kind of knaves in this plainnefs
Harbour more craft, and more corrupter ends.
Than twenty filky ducking obfervants
That ftretch their duties nicely. Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
What mean thofe ladies which, as tho’
T hey were to take a clock to pieces, go
So nicely about the bride ? Donne.
He ought to ftudy the grammar of his own tongue, that
he may underftand his own country-fpeech nicely, and fpeak
it properly. Locke.
The next thing of which the dofes ought to be nicely de¬
termined, are opiates. Arbuthnot on Coins.
At nicely carving fhew thy wit;
But ne’er prefume to eat a bit. Swift's Mifcell,
2. Delicately. . . . .-"on \ -
The inconveniences attending the beft of governments,
we quickly feel, and are nicely fenfible of the fhare that we
. bear in them. ; . Atterbury,
Ni ceness. n.f [from nice.]
1, Accuracy; minute exadtnels.
Where’s now that labour’d niccncfs in thy drefs,
• thofe. arts that did the/'park exprefs. Dryden.
2. Superfluous delicacy or exadtnefs. *
A ftrange nicenefs were it in me to refrain that from the
eais of a perfon reprefenting fo much worthinefs, which I
am glad even to rocks and woods to utter. ' Sidney.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Unlike the nicenefs ok our modern dames,
Affedted nymphs, with new aff’ecled names.
Nor place them where
Roaft crabs offend the nicenefs of their nofe.
Ni'cety. n.f. [fromnice.]
1. Minute accuracy of thought.
Nor was this nicety of his judgment confined only to litera¬
ture, but was the fame in all other parts of art. Prior.
2. Accurate performance. ^
As for the workmanfhip of the old Roman pillars, the
ancients have not kept to the nicety of proportion and the
rules of art fo much as the moderns. Addifon on Italy.
3. Faftidious delicacy; fqueamiftmefs.
He them with fpeeches meet
Does fair intreat; no courting nicetyj
But fimple true, and eke unfeigned fweet. Fairy JK
So love doth loath difdainful nicety. Spenjer.
4. Minute obfervation ; pundtilious diferimination ; fubtilty.
If reputation attend thefe conquefts, which depend oh the
finenefs and niceties of words, it is no wonder if the wit of
men fo employed, ftiould perplex and fublitize the fignifica¬
tion of founds. . Locke.
His conclusions are not built upon any niceties, or folitary
and uncommon appearances, but on the mod fimple and
obvious circumftances of thefe terreftrial bodies. TVoodvj.
5. Delicate management; cautious treatment.
Love fuch nicety requires,
One blaft will put out all his fires. Swift's Poems,
6. Effeminate foftnefs.
7. Niceties, in the plural, is -generally applied to dainties or
delicacies in eating.
Nichar. n.f.
The charadlers are : it hath a polypetalous or a monopetalbus flower, cut very deeply into feveral fegments, but is
almoft of an anomalous figure ; from whofe calyx arifes the
pointal, which afterwards becomes a pod, befet all over with
prickles, in which are contained one or two round hard feeds.
• n: Miller.
NICHE. >n.f. [French.] A hollow in which a ftatue may
be placed.
Nichesj containing figures of white ftone or marble, fhould
not be coloured in their concavity too black. JVotton.
They not from temples, nor from gods refrain.
Butthe poor lares from the niches feize.
If they be little images that pleafe. Dryden.
On the fouth a long majeftic race
Of ^Egypt’s priefts, the gilded niches grace. Pope.
The heirs to titles and large eftates are well enough qua¬
lified to read pamphlets againft religion and high-flying;
whereby they fill their niches, and carry themfelves through
the world with that dignity which beft becomes a fenator
and a fquire. Swift's Mifcellanies.
NICK. n.f. [nicke, Teutonick, the twinkling of an eye.]
1. Exadt point of time at which there is neceflity or convenience.
That great inftrument of ftate had foreknowledge of it,
but fuffered the fatal thread to be fpun out to that length
for fome politick refpedts, and then to cut it off in the very
nick. Howel's Vocal Forejl.
What in our watches that in us is found,
So to the height and nick We up be Wound,
No matter by what hand or trick. Suckling.
That trick,
Had it come in the nick.
Had touch’d us to the quick. Denham
Though dame fortune feem to fmile,
And leer upon him for a while;
She’ll after fhew him in the nick
Of all his glories a dog trick. Hudibras, p. i. cant. 3.
And fome with fymbols, figns, and tricks.
Engraved in planetary nicks,
With their own influences will fetch them
Down from their orbs, arreft and catch them. Hud.
T his nick of time is the critical occafton for the raining
of a Point- L Eyirange.
2. A notch cut in any thing. [Corrupted from nock or notch.]
3. A fcore; a reckoning.
Launce his man told me, he lov’d her art of all nick. Shah.
4. A winning throw, [niche, Fr. a ludicrous trick.]
Come, feven’s the main,
Cries Ganymede; the ufual trick
Seven, flur a fix, eleven a nick. Prior.
To Nick. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. 1 o hit; to touch luckily ; to perform by fome flight artifice
ufed at the lucky moment.
Is not the winding up of witnefs
A nicking more than half the bus’nefs ? Hudibras, p. ii.
The juft feafon of doing things rrftift be nick'd, and all acl
cidents improved. L’EJlrange, Fable 38.
Take away paflion while it is predominant and afloat, and
juftin the critical height ofit, nick it with fome lucky or unlucky
word, and you may certainly over-rule it. South.
2. To cut in nicks or notches.
His
N I G
His beard they have Ting’d off with brands of fire •
And ever as it blaz’d they threw on him
Great pails of puddled mire to quench the hair.
My matter preaches patience, and the while
His man with fciffars nicks him like a fool. Sbakefpeare
Breaks watchmen’s heads, and chairmen’s glalles^
And thence proceeds to nicking lafhes. 'prior
3. To fuit, as tallies cut in nicks.
VV’c.rfs meting mi refembling one another, are applicable
to d'fferem fign,Rations. Camden's Remain,.
4. To defeat or cozen, as at dice ; to difappoint by fome trick
or unexpected turn.
W hy fhould he follow you ?
The itch of his affe&ion fhould not then
Have nick'd his captainfliip, at fuch a point. Sbakefpeare.
Nickname, n.f. [nomdenique, French.] A name ffiven in
feoff 01 contempt; a term of derifion j an opprobious'or con¬
temptuous appellation.
The time was when men were had in price for learnino-;
now letters only make men vile. He is upbraidingly called
a poet, as if it were a contemptible nickname. Ben. Johnfon.
My mortal enemy hath not only falfely furmifed me to be
a feigned perfon, giving me nicknames, but alfo hath offered
large Turns of money to corrupt the princes with whom I
have been retained. Hen. VII.
So long as her tongue was at liberty, there was not a
woid to be got from her, but the fame nickname in derifion.
XT , ^ L'Eftran?e.
To Nickna me. v. a. To call by an opprobrious appellation.
You nickname virtue vice}
For virtue’s office never breaks men’s troth. Shakef.
Lels leem thefe fails which treafons nickname force.
Than fuch a fear’d ability for more. Denham
To Ni'ctate. v. a. [;niflo, Latin.] To wink.
. There are feveral Pa«s peculiar to brutes, which are wanting in man ; as the feventh or fufpenfory mufcle of the eye
the inflating membrane, and the ttrong aponeurofes on the
lides of the neck. n 1
Nide. n.f. [nidus, Lat.J ' A brood: as, anideof pheafants?’
Nidget. n.f. [corrupted from nithing or iiiding. The op¬
probrious term with which the man was anciently branded
who refufed to come to the royal ftandard in times of exi-
, gency.] A coward } a daftard.
There was one true Englifh word of greater force than
w nOWi jUtr°LaI,1 Ufe’ k %nifieth no more than ab¬
ject, bafeminded, falfe-hearted, coward, or nidget. Camden.
Nidifica'tion. n.f. [nidificatio, Latin.] The ait of build¬
ing nefts.
That place, and that method of unification, doth abun¬
dantly anfwer the creature’s occafions. Derham
Ni'ding. adj. [from nrS, Saxon, vilenefs.]
ATiding, an old Englifh word lignifying abjeit, bafe-minded,
falfe-hearted, coward, or nidget. Carew.
Nidorous. adj [nidoreux, from nidor.] Refembling the fmeli
or tafte of roafted fat. D
Incenfe and nidorous fmells, fuch as of facrifices, were
thought to intoxicate the brain, and to difpofe men to devotion} which they may do by a kind of contriftation of
the fpints, and partly alfo by heating and exalting them. Bac.
d he ligns of the funilions of the ftomach being depraved
are erudatious either with the tafte of the aliment, acid!
mdorofe, or foetid, refembling the tafte of rotten eggs.
X.T , . _ . . Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Nidorosity n.f [from mdorous. ] Eruifation with the
tahe of undigefted roaft-meat.
The cure of this nidorofity is, by vomiting and purging.
>r , . _ . , , Floyer on the Humours.
I ula TioN. n.f [mdulor, Latin.] The time of remain¬
ing in the neft.
The ground of this popular praitice might be the com¬
mon opinion concerning the virtue prognoftic of thefe birds,
the natural regard they have unto the winds, and they unto
them again, more efpecially remarkable in the time of their
nidulation, and bringing forth their young. Brown's V. Err.
Niece. n.J [niece, niepce, French } neptis, Latin. ] The
daughter of a brother or filler. J
My niece Plantagenet,
LCwin itht haind °,f her.kind aunt of Glofter. Sha. R. III.
While he thus his niece beftows,
About our ifle he builds a wall jrr n
OTGGARD n.f. [m'nggr, Iflandick.J A mifer; ,cS
geon } a fordid, avaricious, parcimonious fellow.
If thou do, then let thy bed be turned from fine gravel to
weeds or mud. If thou do, Jet fome unjuft ni??ards mib
tveres to fpoil thy beauty. %dneh
Be not a niggard of your fpeech. Shakef. Macbeth.
Serve him as a grudging matter,
As a penurious niggard of his wealth. Milton's Poems.
Be niggards of advice on no pretence ;
For the worft avarice is that of fenfe. Pope on Crit.
NYggard. adj.
1. Sordid} avaricious} parcimonious.
J
N I G
•<• _ One fhe found
With all the gifts of bounteoss nature crown’d,
f gentle blood } but one whofe niggard fate
Had fet him far below her high eftate. Drxdm
2. Sparing} wary. ^ "
Moft free of queftion, but to our demands
Niggard in his reply. Sbakefpeare’s Hamlet.
To Ni ggard. v. a. [from the noun.] To flint.
1 he deep of night is crept upon our talk.
And nature muft obey neceffity }
; Which we will niggard with a little reft. Sbakefpeare.
Ni ggardish. adj. [from niggard.] Having fome difpofition
to avarice. 0 r
Ni'goardliness. n. f. [from niggardly.] Avarice ; fordid
parcimony. J
Higgardhnefs is not good hufbandry, nor generofity, proNrVr' r . deflator, NG 443.
Niggardly, adj. [from niggard.] d
1. Avaricious ; fordidly parcimonious.
fo,-^hT the ,ownfr of the houfe will be bountiful, it is not
101 the fteward to be niggardly. Hall
Love is like a penurious god, very niggardly of his opportonmes: he muft be watched like a'hard-heaied treaS
Tin r Dryden's Spanijl) Friar.
Why are we fo niggardly to flop at one fifth ? Why do we
not raife it one full moiety, and thereby double our money ?
Providence not niggardly but wife
Here lavifhly beftows, and there denies,
That by each other’s virtues we may rife. Granvil. »
Tiberius was noted for his niggardly temper ; he ufed only
to give to his attendants their diet. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. Sparing } wary.
I know your mind, and I will fatisfy it} neither will I do
of ffie quEf anlweref> g«^g no farther than the bounds
Ni'ggardly. adv Sparingly } parcimonioufiy.
I have long loved her, followed her, ingrofs’d opportuni les to meet her} feed every flight occafion that could but
niggardly give me fight of her. Shakef M. TV. of Windfor
Niggardness, n.f [from niggard.] Avarice} fordid par¬
cimony.
. All preparations, both for food and lodging, fuch as would
NTTH TirLT \ U f° nuttilh 3 vice- NIGH. prep, [nyh, Saxon.] At no great diftance from.
They fhone
Stars diftant, but nigh hand feem’d other worlds. Milton.
Nigh this recefs, with terror they furvey,
NlGHWle death maintains his dread tyrannic fway. Garth.
1. Not at a great diftance.
The day of the Lord cometh, for it is nigh at hand. Jo. ii. 1.
He was Tick nigh unto death. PhiL ii; ^
2. ioa place near. ‘
He drew nigh, and to me held,
Ev’n to my mouth, of that fame fruit held part
Winch he had pluck’d. Milton's Paradife Loft, b. v.
i will defer that anxious thought,
NiGHA“’^ fcar’ flia11 not be »lgher brought. Dryd.
1. Near} not diftant} not remote.
The loud tumult Ihews the battle ni?h. Prior
2. Allied clofely by blood.
He committed the protection of his Ton Afanes to two df
his nigh kinfmen and affured friends; Knolles
His uncle or uncle’s fon, or any that is nigh of kin unto
hl o°fri1S' fam!1)/? may redeem him. Lev. xxv. 40.
His lifter a virgin, that is nigh unto him. Lev. xxi.
To Nigh. v. n. [from the particle.] To approach} to ad¬
vance } to draw near.
^ Now day is done, and night is nighing faft. Hubberd.
NlittkLY’ adV' ^r°m mgk thC adj'eaive'J Nearly} within a
an -n°r? now adult, was taught by his touch
to diftinguifh between a cube and a fphere of the fame me¬
tal, and nighly of tlie fame bignefs. Locke.
n'J'r ^romnfgh-] Nearnefs} proximity.
NJCjH I . n.J. [nauts, Gothick} m]pr, Saxon} nuit, Fr.]
I. Fhe time of darknefs } the time from fun-fet to fun-rife.
The duke of Cornwall, and Regan his dutchefs, will be
here this night. _ Sbakefpeare's K. Lear.
In the morning he fhall.devour the prey, and at ni?ht di¬
vide the fpoil. G n V
Pharaoh rofe up in the night. Exodus xl\ Vn
They did eat and drink, and tarried all night. Gen. xxiv 11'. Let them fleep, let them fleep on, * * ^
’Till this ftormy night be gone,
And th’eternal morrow dawn,
Then the curtains will be drawn ;
And they waken with that lio-ht’
Whofe day (hall never fleep f„ light. Crajhaw.
lH L Dire
N I G
Dire Tifiphone there keeps the ward,
Girt in her (anguine gown by night and day,
Obfervant of the fouls that pafs the downward way. Dryd.
9. It is much ufed in compofition.
To-Night, adverbially. In this night; at this night.
There came men in hither to-night of the children of Ifrael, to fearch out the country. J°f 2*
Nightbra'wler. n.f. [night and brawler.] Onewhoranes
difturbances in the night.
You unlace your reputation,
And fpend your rich opinion for the name
Of a night-brawler. Shake/. Othello.
Nightcap, n.f. [night and cap.) A cap worn in bed, or
in undrefs. #
The rabblement houted, and clapt their chopt hands, and
threw up their fweaty night-cape. Shake/, ful. Ca/ar.
Great mountains have a perception of the difpofition of
the air to tempefts fooner than the vallies below ; and there¬
fore they fay in Wales, when certain hills have their night¬
caps on, they mean mifchief. Bacon s Nat. Hijiory.
How did the humbled fwain deteft
His prickly beard, and hairy bread:!
His night-cap border’d round with lace.
Could give no foftnefs to his face. Swift’s Poems.
Nightcrovv. n. / [night and crow.) A bird that cries in
the night.
The owl fhriek’d at thy birth, an evil fign ;
The night-crow cry’d, a boding lucklefs time. Shake/.
Ni'ghtdew. n.f. [night and dew.) Dew that wets the ground
in the night.
All things are hulh’d, as nature’s felf lay dead,
The mountains feem to nod their drowfy head j
The little birds in dreams their fongs repeat,
And fleeping flowers beneath the night-dew fweat; >
E’en luft and envy fleep. Dryden’s hid. Emperor. )
Ni'ghtdog. n.f [night and dog.) A dog that hunts in the
night. Ufed by deer-ftealers.
When night-dogs run, all forts of deer are chafed. Sha.
Ni'ghtdress. n.f [night and dre/s.) The drefs worn at
night.
The fair ones feel fuch maladies as thefe,
When each new night-dre/s gives a new difeafe. Pope.
Ni'ghted. ad], [from night.) Darkened; clouded ; black.
It was great ign’rance, Glofter’s eyes being out,
To let him live : Edmund, I think, is gone ;
In pity of his mifery to difpatch
His flighted life. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Good Hamlet, call thy nightcd colour off,
And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark. Sha.
Ni'ghtfaring. n.f. [night and fare.) Travelling in the
night.
Will-a-Wifp mifleads night-faring clowns.
O’er hills, and finking bogs, and pathlefs downs. Gay.
Ni'ghtfire. n.f. [night and fire.) Ignis futuus j Will-aWifp.
Foolifti night-fires, womens and childrens wifhes,
Chafes in arras, gilded emptinefs :
Thefe are the pleafures here. Herbert.
Ni'ghtfly. n. /. [night and fiy.] Moth that flies in the
night.
Why rather, fleep, lieft thou in fmoaky cribs.
And hufti’t with buzzing night-flies to thy flumber;
Than in the perfum’d chambers of the great,
And lull’d with founds of fweeteft melody ? Shake/peare.
Ni’ghtfowndered. n. /. [from night and founder.) Loft
or diftrefled in the night.
Either fome one like us night-foundered here,
Or elfe fome neighbour woodman, or at worft,
Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton.
Nightgown, n.f. [night and gown.) A loofe gown ufed
for an undrefs.
Since his majefty went into the field,
I have feen her rife from her bed, throw
Her night-goivn upon her. Shake/peare’s Macbeth.
They have put me in a filk night-gown, and a gaudy fool’s
cap. Addifon’s Guardian, Ny. 113.
No meagre mufe-rid mope, aduft and thin,
In a dun night-gown of his own loofe fkin. Pope’s Dune.
Ni'chthag. n.f [night and hag.) Witch fuppofed to wan¬
der in the night.
Nor uglier follows the night-hag, when called
In fecret, riding through the air (lie comes
Lur’d with the fmell of infant-biood, to dance
With Lapland witches. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. ii.
Nightingale, n.f [from night and galan, Saxon, to fing;
galth, 1 eutoriiclc, is a found or echo.]
1. A Small bird that ftngs in the night with remarkable me¬
lody ; Philomel.
I think,
1 • inhale9 if (lie fhould fing by day.
N I G
When every goofe is cackling, would be thought
No better a mufician than the wren. Shake/peare.
Although the wezon, throtle, and tongue, be the mftruments of voice, and by their agitations concur in tliofe de¬
lightful modulations, yet cannot we aflign the caufe unto
any particular formation ; and I perceive the nightingale hath
fome difadvantage in the tongue. Brown s V. Err.
Thus the wife nightingale that leaves her home,
Purfuing conftantly the chearful fpring,
To foreign groves does her old mufick bring. Waller.
1. A word of endearment.
My nightingale !
We’ll beat them to their beds. Shak. Ant. andCleopatra.
N'ightly. adv. [from night.)
1. By night.
Thee, Sion ! and the flow’ry brooks beneath,
That wafh thy hallow’d feet, and warbling flow.
Nightly I vifit. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. iii.
Soon as the evening (hades prevail,
The moon takes up the wondrous tale,
And nightly to the liftning earth
Repeats the ftory of her birth. Addifon’s Sped!ator.
2. Every night.
Let all things fuffer.
Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and fleep
In the affliftion of thofe terrible dreams
That (hake us nightly. Shake/peare s''Macbeth.
Ni'ghtly. adj. [from night.) Done by night; acting by
night; happening by night.
May the ftars and (hining moon attend
Your nightly fports, as you vouchfafe to tell
What nymphs they were who mortal forms excel. Dryd.
Soon as the flocks (hook off the nightly dews.
Two fwains, whom love kept wakeful and the mufe.
Pour’d o’er the whit’ning vale their fleecy care. Pope.
Ni'ghtman. n.f. [night and man.) 'One who carries away
ordure in the night.
Ni'ghtmare. n.f. [night, and according to Temple, mara, a
fpirit that, in the heathen mythology, was related to torment
or fuffocate fleepers. ] A morbid oppreflion in the night,
refembling the prefiure of weight upon the bread.
Saint Withold footed thrice the would.
He met the nightmare, and her name he told ;
Bid her alight, and her troth plight. Shake/. K. Lear.
The forerunners of an apoplexy are, dulnefs, drowfinefs,
vertigoes, tremblings, oppreflions in fleep, and night-mares.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Ni'ghtpiece. n.f. [night and piece.) A pidfure fo coloured
as to be fuppofed feen by candle light j not by the light of the
day.
He hung a great part of the wall with night-pieces, that
feemed to (how themfelves by the candles which were lighted
up; and were fo inflamed by the fun-(hine which fell upon
them, that I could fcarce forbear crying out fire. Addifon.
Ni'ghtrail. n.f. [night and re^l, Saxon, a gown or robe.]
A loofe cover thrown over the drefs at night.
An antiquary will fcorn to mention a pinner or night-rail;
but will talk as gravely as a father of the church on the
vitta and peplus. Addifon on ancient Medals.
Ni'ghtraven. n.f. [night and raven.) A bird fuppofed of
ill omen, that cries loud in the night.
The ill-fac’t owl, death’s dreadful meflenger.
The hoarfe night-raven, trump of doleful drere. Spenfer.
I pray his bad voice bode no mifchief:
I had as lief have heard the night-raven.
Come what plague would have come after it. Shake/.
Nightrobber. n. f. [night and robber.) One who fteals
in the dark.
Highways (hould be fenced on both fides, whereby thieves
and night-robbers might be more eafily purfued and encoun¬
tered. _ Spenfer’s Ireland.
Ni'ghtrule. n.f. [night and rule.) A tumult in the night.
Plow now, mad fprite,
What night-rule now about this haunted grove ? Shakef
Ni'ghtshade. n.f. [m])a ycaba, Saxon.]
1. A plant of two kinds, common and deadly night-lhade.
1 he flower conftfts of one leaf, which is divided into five
parts, and expands in form of a ftar: from the flower-cup
rifes the pointal, which afterward becomes a round, oval,
foft, fucculent fruit, containing many flat feeds in each. The
fpecies are nine. This the phyficians have directed to be
ufed in medicine, under the title offolanum hortenfe. Miller.
2. Deadly.
Deadly night-fhade (belladona) a plant. The flower is
bell-fhapcd, of one leaf, divided into five acute fegments
at the top, and fucceedcd by a globular foft fruit, divided
into two cells which contain the feeds. It is a very ftrong
poifon. Miller.
Ni'ghtshininc. n. f. [night and finite.) Shewing brightnefs
in the night.
2 None
N I M N I P
None of thefe nodliluca, or night-fining bodies, have been
obferved in any of the antient fepulchres. Wilkin's Dadalus.
Ni'ghtshriek. n.f. [night and Jhriek.] A cry in the night.
I have almolt forgot the tafte of fears :
The time has been, my fenfes would have cool’d
To hear a night-Jhriek 3 and my fell of hair
Would at a difmal treatife roule and ftir,
As life were in’t. Sbakejpeare''s Macbeth.
Ni'ghttripping. n.f. [night and trip.] Going lightly in
the night.
Could it be prov’d.
That fome night-tripping fairy had exchang’d
In cradle cloaths, our children where they lay,
Then would I have his Harry, and he mine. Shake/.
Ni'ghtwalk. n.f. [night and walk.] Walk in the night.
If in his night-walk he met with irregular fcholars, he took
their names, and a promife to appear, unfent for, next morn¬
ing. Walton's Life of Sanderfon.
Ni'ghtwalker. n.f [night and walk.] One who roves in
the night upon ill defigns.
Men that hunt fo, be either privy ftealers, or night-walkers.
Afcham's SchoolmaJler.
Ni'ghtwarbling, [night and warble.] Singing in the night.
Now is the pleafant time,
The cool, the filent, fave where filence yields
To the night-warbling bird. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. v.
Ni'ghtward. adj. [night and ward.] Approaching towards
night.
Their night-ward ftudies, wherewith they clofe the day’s
work. Milton on Education.
.Ni'ghtwatch, n.f. [night and watch.] A period of the
night as diftinguilhed by change of the watch.
I remember thee upon my bed, and meditate on thee in
the night-watches. Pfalms lxiii. 6.
Nig? k'scent. adj. [nigrefeens, Latin.] Growing black 3 api'. •aching to blacknefs.
agrifica'tion. n.f. [niger zn&facio.] The a£t of making
black.
Nihi'lity. n.f. [nihilite, Fr. nihilum, Latin.] Nothingnefsj
the ftate of being nothing.
Not being is confidered as excluding all fubftance, and
then all modes are alfo neceffarily excluded 3 and this we call
pure nihility, or mere nothing. Watts's Logick.
To Nill. v. a. [from ne will, mllan, Saxon.] Not to will3
to refufe ; to reject.
Certes, Laid he, I nill thine offer’d grace,
Ne to be made fo happy do intend,
Another blifs before mine eyes I place.
Another happinefs, another end. Spenfer's Fairy
In all affections the concurretn ffill;
If now, with man and wife to will and nill
The felf-fame things, a note of concord be,
I know no couple better can agree. Ben. Johnfor..
Nill. n.f. The {hilling fparks of brafs in trying and melting
the ore.
ToNIM. v. a. [nemen, Dutch, to take.] To take. In cent,
to lteal.
They’ll queftion Mars, and by his look
DeteCt who ’twas that nimtn'd a cloak. Hudibras, p. i.
They could not keep themfelves honeff of their fingers,
but would be ramming fomething or other for the love of
thieving. L'Ejlrange, Fable 241.
Ni'mble. adj. [from nim, or numan, Saxon, tradable.] Quick 3
aCtive ; ready 3 fpeedy ; lively 3 expeditious.
They being nimbler-jointed than the reft,
And more induftrious, gathered more {tore. Spenfer.
You nimble lightnings, dart your blinding flames
Into her fcornful eyes. Sbakefpeare’s K. Lear.
You have dancing (hoes
With nimble foies. Shakefpeare's Romeo and Juliet.
His offering foon propitious fire from heaven.
Confirm'd with nimble glance and grateful fteam 5
The others not, for his was not fincere. Milt. P. Loft.
Thro’ the mid feas the nimble pinnace fails,
Aloof from Crete before the northern gales. Pope.
Ni'mblf.MESS. n.f. [from nimble.] Quicknefs 5 adivity 3 fpeed 3
ability 3 readinefs 3 dexterity 3 celerity 3 expedition 3 fwiftnefs.
The hounds were ftraight uncoupled, and ere long the
ftacr thought it better to truft to the nimblenefs of his feet,
than to the {lender fortification of his lodging. Sidney.
Himfelf {hewing at one inftant both fteadinefs and nimblenef% Sidney, b. ii.
All thinp-s are therefore partakers of God 3 they are his
offspring, his influence is in them, and the perfonal wifdom
of God'ls for that very caufe faid to excel in nimblenefs or
agility, to pierce into all intelledual, pure and fubtile fpirits,
to go through all, and to reach unto every thing which is.
5 & Hooker, b. v. /. 5.
We, lying ffill,
Are full of reft, defence and nimblenefs. Shake/.
Ovid ranged over all Parnaffus with great nimblenefs and
agility; but as he did not much care for the toil requifife to
climb the upper part of the hill, he was generally roving
about the bottom. Addifon's Guardian, N°. 115,
Ni'mblewitted. adj. [nimble and wit.] Quick 3 eager to
fpeak. t (
Sir Nicholas Bacon, when a certain mmble-witted counfellor at the bar, who was forward to fpeak, did interrupt
him often, faid unto him, There is a great difference be¬
twixt you and me; a pain to me to fpeak, and a pain to
you to hold your peace. Bacon, Apophth. 124.
Ni'mbly. adv. [from nimble.] Quickly 3 fpeedily 3 actively.
He capers nimbly in a lady’s chamber,
To the lafeivious playing of a lute. Sha. Rich. IIL
The air
Nimbly and fweetly recommends itfelf. Shakefp.
Moft legs can nimbly run, tho’ fome be lame. Davies.
The liquor we poured from the cryftals, and fet it in a
digefting furnace to evaporate more nimbly. Boyle.
Ni'mbless. n.f. Nimblenefs. Spenfer.
Ni'miety. n.f [nimietas, fchool Latin.] The ftate of being
too much.
Ni'mmer. n.f. [from nim.] Athief3 a pilferer.
Ni'ncompoop. n.f. [A corruption of the Latin non compos.]
A fool 5 a trifler.
An old ninnyhammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the beft
language Ihe can afford me. Addifon.
NINE. n.f. [niun, Gothick -f mgon, Saxon.] One more than
eight 5 one lefs than ten.
The weyward fillers,
Thus do go about, about,
Thrice to thine and thrice to mine.
And thrice again, to make up nine. Shakef Macbeth.
A thoufand fcruples may ftartle at firft, and yet in conclufion prove but a nine-days wonder. L'Efrange.
The faults are nine in ten owing to affectation, and not to
the want of underftanding. Stvift's Mifcell.
Ninefold, n.f. [nine and fold.] Nine times 3 any thing nine
times repeated.
This huge convex of fire,
Outrageous to devour, immures us round ninefold. Milt.
Ni'nepence. n.f. [nine and pence.] A iilver com valued at
nine-pence.
Three filver pennies, and a nine-pence bent. Gay's Pajl.
Ni'nepins. n.f. [nine and pin.] A play where nine pieces of
wood are fet up on the ground to be thrown down by a bowl.
A painter made bloifoms upon the trees in December,
and fchool-boys playing at nine-pins upon the ice in July.
Peacham on Drawing.
For as when merchants break, o’erthrown
Like nine-pins, they ftrike others down. Hud. p. ii.
Ni'nesc©r.e. adj. [nine and /core.] Nine times twenty.
Eugenius has two hundred pounds a year 5 but never va¬
lues himfelf above nine-fcore, as not thinking he has a right
to the tenth part, which he always appropriates to charitable
ufes> Addifon's Spectator, N^. 177.
Nineteen, adj. [mjonryne, Saxon.] Nine and ten 3 one
lefs than twenty.
Nineteen in twenty of perplexing words might be changed
into eafy ones, fuch as occur to ordinary men. Swift.
Nineteenth, adj. [mgonteoSa, Saxon.] The ordinal of
nineteen 3 the ninth after the tenth.
In the nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzer king of
Babylon, came Nebuzaradan. . 2 Kings xxv. 8.
Ni'nety. adj. [bunfinijontij, Saxon.] Nine times ten.
Enos lived ninety years and begat Cainan. Gen. v. 9.
Ninth, adj. [ nejoSa, Saxon. J That which precedes the
tenth 3 the firft after the eighth 5 the ordinal of nine.
Upon a ftridl obfervation of many, I have not found any
that fee the ninth day. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Ni'ntieth. adj. [bunbmjonteogo^a, Saxon.] The ordinal
of ninety 3 the tenth nine times told.
NI'NNY. n.f. [ninno, a child, Spaniftt.] A fool 3 a fimpleton.
What a pied ninny's this ? Shakefpeare's Tempejl.
The dean was fo ftiabby, and look’d like a ninny.
That the captain fuppos’d he was curate. Swift.
Nl'NNYHAMMER. n.f [from ninny.] A fimpleton.
Another vents her paffion in fcurrilous terms 3 an old nin¬
ny-hammer, a dotard, a nincompoop, is the beft language Ihe
can afford me. Addifon s Guardian, N . 109.
Have you no more manners than to rail at Hocus, that
has faved that clod-pated, numfkull’d, ninny-hammer of yours
from ruin, and all his family. Arbuth. John Bull.
To NIP. v. a. [nijpen, Dutch.]
1. To pinch off with the nails 3 to bite with the teeth.
In oranges and lemons, the nipping of their rind giveth
out their fmell more. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. NS. 388.
2. To cut off by any flight means.
The fmall {hoots that extract the fap of the moft leading
branches, muft be nipt off. Mortimer's Hufb.
3. To blaft 3 to deftroy before full growth.
This is the ftate of man 3 to-day he puts forth
' The
N I T
The tender leaves of hopes, to-morrow bloffonis.
And bears his bluftiing honours thick upon him ;
T he third day comes a froft, a killing froft ;
And when he thinks, good eafy man, full furely
His greatnefs is a ripening, nips his root;
And then he falls as I do. Sbakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
A flower doth fpread and dye,
Thou would’ft extend me to fome good.
Before I were by froft’s extremity nipt in the bud. Herb.
His delivery now proves
Abortive, as the firft-born bloom of fpring,
Nipt with the lagging rear of winter’s froft. Milton.
Had he not been flipped in the bud, he might have made a
formidable figure in his own works among pofterity. Add.
From fueh encouragement it is eafy to guefs to what perfedfion I might have brought this great work, had it not been
nipt in the bud. Arbuthnot's John Bull.
4. To pinch as froft.
The air bites ftirewdly, it is very cold. —
—It is a nipping and an eager air. Shakef. Hamlet.
When ificles hang by the wall,
And Dick the fhepherd blows his nail ;
When blood is nipt, and ways be foul.
Then nighty fings the flaring owl. Sha. Love’s L. Lojl.
5. To vex; to bite.
And {harp remorfe his heart did prick and nip,
That drops of blood thence like a well did play. Fairy j^.
6. To fatirife ; to ridicule ; to taunt farcaftically.
But the right gentle mind would bite his lip
To hear the javel fo good men to nip. Hubberd’s Tale.
Quick wits commonly be in deftre new-fangled ; in purpofe unconftant; bold with any perfon; bufy in every mat¬
ter ; foothing fuch as be prefent, nipping any that is abfent.
Afchanis Schoolmajler.
Nip. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A pinch with the nails or teeh.
I am fharply taunted, yea, fometimes with pinches, nips,
and bobs. Afiham’s Schoolmajler.
2. A fmall cut.
What this a fleeve ? ’tis like a demicannon;
What up and down carv’d lijce an apple-tart ?
Here’s fnip, and nip, and cut, and flifb, and flafh,
Like to a cenfer in a barber’s fhop. Shakefpeare.
3. A blaft.
So hafty fruits and too ambitious flow’rs.
Scorning the midwifry of rip’ning fhow’rs.
In fpight of frofts, fpring from th’ unwilling earth,
But find a nip untimely as their birth. Stepney.
4. A taunt; a farcafm.
-NVpper. n. f. [from nip.] A fatirift. Out of ufe.
Ready backbiters, fore nippers, and fpiteful reporters privily
of good men. Ajcham.
Ni'ppers. n.f [from nip.] Small pincers.
NVppingly. adv. [from nip.] With bitter farcafm.
NI'PPLE. n.f. [nypele, Saxon.]
1, The teat; the dug ; that which the fucking young take in¬
to their mouths.
Tho’ tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me.—
I would, while it was fmiling in my face,
Have pluckt my nipple from his bonelefs gums. Shakcfp.
In creatures that nourifh their young with milk, are adapt¬
ed the nipples of the breaft to the mouth and organs of fuction. Ray on the Creation.
2. The orifice at which any animal liquor is feparated.
In moft other birds there is only one gland, in which are
divers little cells ending in two or three larger cells, lying
under the nipple of the oil bag. Derham’s Phyfica Theol.
Ni'pplewort. n.f. [Lampfana.] A very common weed.
Nisi Prius. n.f.
[In law.] A judicial writ, which lieth in cafe where the
inqueft is panelled, and returned before the juftices of the
bank; the one party or the other making petition to have
this writ for the eafe of the country. It is directed to the
jfheriff, commanding that he caufe the men impanelled to
come before the juftices in the fame county, for the deter¬
mining of the caufe there, except it be fo difficult that it
need great deliberation : in which cafe, it is fent again to
the bank. It is fo called from the ftrft words of the writ
nift apud talem locum prius venerini; whereby it appeareth,
that juftices of affizes and juftices of nifi prius, differ. So
thatjuftices of nifiprius, muff be one of tliem before whom
the caufe is depending in the bench, with fonae other good
men of the county affociated to him. Cowel.
Nit. n. f [Jjmtu, Saxon.] The egg of a loufe, or fmall
animal.
T he whame, or burrcl-fly, is vexatious to horfes in fummer, not by flinging them, but only by their bombylious
noife, or tickling them in flicking their nits, or eggs, on the
ha‘r* Derhams Phyfico Theol.
Ni'tency. n.f. [nitentia, Latin.]
1. Luftre; clear brightneft.
N I T
2. [From the Larin, nitor.] Endeavour ; fpring to expand itfelf. , , .
The atoms of fire accelerate the motion of thefe particles;
from which acceleration their fpring? °r endeavour outward
will be augmented; that is, thofe zones will have a ftrong
nitency to fly wider open. Boyle.
Ni'thing. n.f A coward, daftard, poltroon.
Ni'tid. adj. [nitidus, Latin.] Bright; ftiining; luftrous.
We reftore old pieces of dirty gold to a clean and nitid yel¬
low, by putting them into fire and aqua fortis, which take
off the adventitious filth. Boyle on Colours.
NI'TRE. n.f [nitre, Fr. nitrum, Latin.]
The fait which we know at this time, under the name of
nitre or falt-petre, is a cryftalline pellucid, but fomewhat
whitifh fubftance, of an acrid and bitterifh tafte, impreffing
a peculiar fenfe of coldnefs upon the tongue. This fait,
though it affords, by means of fire, an acid fpirit capable of
diffolving almoft every thing, yet manifefts no fign of its
containing any acid at all in its crude ftate. Nitre is of the
number of thofe falts which are naturally blended in imper¬
ceptible particles in earths, ftones, and other foffile fubftances, as the particles of metals are in their ores : it is
fometimes however found pure, in form of an efflorefcence,
either on its ores or on the furface of old walls ; thefe efflorefcences diffolved in proper water, {hooting into regular
and proper cryftals of nitre. That th.is fait fhould be found
on the furface of walls is not wonderful, fince it is found
only on or near the furface of the earth where it is produced.
The earth from which nitre is made, both in Perfia and the
Eaft-Indies, is a kind of yellowilh marl found in the bare
cliffs of the fides of hills expofed to the northern and eaftern
winds, and never in any other fituation. From this marl
the fait is feparated by water ; but the cryftals into which it
{hoots, as we receive them from the Eaft-Indies, are fmall,
imperfect, and impure. Earths of whatever kind, moiftened
by the dung and excrement of animals, frequently afford ni¬
tre in large quantities. The earths at the bottom of pigeonhoufes, and thofe of ftables and cow-houfes, all afford nitre,
on being thrown into water and boiled. In France, where
very little nitre is imported, they make it from the rubbifh
of old mortar and plaifter of buildings; and the mortar of
old walls with us, if moiftened with urine and expofed to
the air in a proper fituation that is open to the north eaft,
and covered over to defend it from wet, never fails to afford
nitre in a few weeks, and that in proportion of one tenth of
the weight of the ingredients. There is no queftion but a
manufactory of nitre might be eftablifhed in England to as
much advantage as that of France. The place where the
materials are expofed, is to be carefully examined. It muft
be moderate as to the great points of moifture and drynefs;
if there be too much moifture the nitre which is already
formed will be wafhed away, and without fome moifture
the falts will hardly be ever formed. Heat and coldnefs,
unlefs exceffive, can be of no confequence. It is on account
of the requifitenefs of fo certain a degree of moifture to the
materials from which nitre is obtained, that the north eaft
winds are of fo much ufe in the production of it. In fpring
and autumn, which are the fealons when this fait is prin¬
cipally made, thefe two winds are neither too moift nor too
dry, efpecially in the night ; the fouth and weft winds are
deftrueftive, becaufe they bring ftorms and fhowers. In me¬
dicine, nitre is cooling and diuretick, and good in burning fe¬
vers. The riatrum or nitre of the ancients, is a genuine, na¬
tive, and pure fait, extremely different from our nitre, and from
all other native falts; being a fixed alkali plainly of the na¬
ture of thofe made by fire from vegetables, yet beino- ca¬
pable of a regular cryftallization, which thofe falts are not.
It is found on or very near the furface of the earth, in thin
flat cakes, fpungy, light, and friable; and when pure, of
a pale brownifn white colour. It is of an acrid tafte, like
pot-afhes. About Smyrna and Ephefus, and through a great
part of Afia Minor, this fait is extremely frequent on the
furface of the earth, and alfo in Sindy, a province of the
inner Afia, where they fweep it up and call it foap-earth,
ufing a folution or lye of it in waffling. The natrum or ni¬
tre of the ancients, has been by fome fuppofed to be a loft
fubftance, and by others to be the fame with our nitre or
falt-petre; but both thefe opinions are erroneous, this fait
being the true natrum of the ancients, anfwering perfectly
to its defeription, and having all its ufes and virtues. In
feripture we find that the fait called nitre would ferment with
vinegar, and had an abfterlive quality, properties which per¬
fectly agree with this fait but not with falt-petre, as do many
different qualities aferibed to it by the ancients. Hill on Foff.
Some tumultuous cloud,
Inftindt with fire and nitre, hurried him. Milton.
Some fteep their feed, and fome in cauldrons boil,
With vigorous nitre and with lees of oil. Dryden.
Ni'trous. adj. [nitreux, Fr. from nitre.] Impregnated with
nitre ; confifting of nitre.
4 Earth
NOB
Earth and water, mingled by the heat of the fun, gather
a nitrous fatnefs more than either of them have leverally.
Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
The northern air being more fully charged with thole
particles fuppofed nitrous, which are the aliment of fire, is
iitteft to maintain the vital heat in that activity which is fufficient to move fuch an unweildy bulk with due celerity. Ray.
He to quench his drought fo much inclin’d,
May fnowy fields and nitrous paftures find.
Meet (lores of cold fo greedily purfu’d.
And be refrelh’d with never-wafting food. Blackmore.
JsVtry. ad), [from nitre.~\ Nitrous.
Winter my theme confines; whofe nitry wind
Shall cruft the flabby mire, and kennels bind. Gay.
Nattily, adv. [from nitty.] Loufily.
One Bell was put to death at Tyburn for moving a new
rebellion; he was a man nittily needy, and therefore adventrous. Hayward.
NiTty. adj. [from nit.] Abounding with the eggs of lice.
Ni'val. adj. [nivalis, Latin.] Abounding with fnow. Dift.
NBveous. adj. [niveus, Latin.] Snowy; refembling fnow.
Cinabar becomes red by the acid exhalation of fulphur,
which otherways prefents a pure and niveous white. Brown'.
Ni'zy. n.f. A dunce ; a fimpleton. A low word.
NO. adv. [na, Saxon.]
X. The word of refufal.
Our courteous Antony,
Whom ne’er the word of no, woman heard fpeak,
Being barber’d ten times o’er, goes to the feaft. Shake/.
Henceforth my wooing mind (hall be expreft.
In ruffet yeas and honeft kerfy noes. Sha. L. Labours Lojl.
If you will not confider thefe things now, the time will
fliortly come when you (hall confider them whether you will
or Calamys Serm.
2. The word of denial oppofite to conceflion or affirmation.
I think it would not fort amifs, to handle the queftion,
whether a war for the propagation of the Chriftian faith,
without another caufe of hoftility, be lawful or no, and in
what cafes ? Bacon.
3. It fometimes confirms a foregoing negative.
My name’s Macbeth ; —
_The Devil himfelf could not pronounce a title
More hateful to mine ear. —
—No, nor more fearful. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Never more
This hand fhall combat on the crooked fhore :
No; let the Grecian pow’rs oppreft in fight,
Unpity’d perifh in their tyrant’s fight. Dryd. Homer.
4. It fometimes {Lengthens a following negative; no not, not even.
No not the bow which fo adorns the (kies,
So glorious is, or boafts fo many dies. Waller.
No. adj.
1. Not any ; none.
Let their be no ftrife between me and thee. Gen. xiii. 8.
Woman and fool are two hard things to hit.
For true no meaning puzzles more than wit. Pope.
2. It feems an adje&ive in thefe phrafes, no longer, no more,
no where.
When we faw that they were no where, we came to Sa¬
muel. I Sam. x. 14.
In vain I reach my feeble hands to join
In fweet embraces ; ah ! no longer thine. Drydcn.
3. No one; none ; not any one.
No one who doeth good to thofe only from whom he ex¬
perts to receive good, can ever be fully fatisfied of his own
ftneerity. Smalridge's Serm.
To Nobi'litate. v. a. [nobilito, Latin.] To ennoble ; to
make noble.
•Nobi'lity. n. f. [nobilitas, Latin.]
1. Antiquity of family joined with fplendour.
When I took up Boccace unawares, I fell on the fame
argument of preferring virtue to nobility of blood, and titles,
in the ftory of Sigifmunda. Dryden, Fab. Pref.
Long galleries of anceftors,
Challenge, nor wonder, or efteem from me,
Virtue alone is true nobility.” Dryden.
2. Rank or dignity of feveral degrees, conferred by fovereigns.
Nobility in England is extended to five ranks; duke, mar¬
quis, earl, vifeount, baron.
3. The perfons of high rank ; the perfons who are exalted
above the commons.
It -is a purpos’d thing,
To Curb the will of the nobility. Shake/. Coriolahus.
4. Dignity ; grandeur ; greatnefs.
Though fhe hated Ampialus, yet the nobility of her cou¬
rage prevailed over it ; and fhe defired he might be pardoned
that youthful errour ; confidering the reputation he had to be
the beft knight in the world; fo as hereafter he governed
himfelf, as one remembering his fault. Sidney, b. ii.
But ah, my mufe, I would thou hadft facility
To work my goddefs fo by thy invention.
On me to caft thofe eyes where fliine nobility. Sidney.
NOB
Bafe men, being in love, have then a nobility in their na¬
tures more than is native to them. Shakefpeare's Othello.
They thought it great their fov’reign to controul,
And nam’d their pride, nobility of foul. Dryden.
NO'BLE. adj. [noble, Fr. nobilis, Latin.]
1. Of an ancient and fplendid family.
2. Exalted to a rank above commonalty.
From virtue firft began.
The difPrence that diftinguifh’d man from man:
He claim’d no title from defeent of blood,
But that which made him noble, made him good. Dryd.
3. Great; worthy; illuftrious.
Thus this man died, leaving his death for an example of
a noble courage, and a memorial of virtue. 2 Mac. vi. 31.
To vice induftrious, but to nobler deeds
Tim’rous. Milton.
A noble ftroke he lifted high.
Which hung not, but with tempeft fell. Milt.
Thofe two great things that fo engrofs the defires and defigns of both the nobler and ignobler fort of mankind, are
to be found ih religion ; namely, wifdom and pleafUre. South.
4. Exalted ; elevated ; fublime.
My lhare in pale Pyrene I refign,
And claim no part in all the mighty nine :
Statues, with winding ivy crown'd belong
To nobler poets, for a nobler fong. Dryd.
5. Magnificent; ftately: as, a noble parade.
6. Free; generous; liberal.
7. Principal; capital: as, the heart is one of the noble parts of
the body.
No'ble. n.f
1. One of high rank.
Upon the nobles of the children of Ifrael he laid not his
hand. Ex. xxiv. ii.
How many nobles then (hould hold their places,
That muft ftrike fail to fpirits of vile fort! Shake/p.
What the nobles once faid in parliament, Nolumus leges Angliae mutari, is imprinted in the hearts of all the people. Bacon.
The nobles amongft the Romans took fpecial care in their
laft wills, that they might have a lamp in their monuments.
Wilkin s Math. Magic.
See all our nobles begging to be flaves,
See all our fools afpiring to be knaves. Pope, Dial. i.
It may be the difpofition of young nobles, that they ex¬
pert the accomplifnments of a good education without the
leaft expence of time or ftudy. Swift's Modern Education.
The fecond natural divifion of power, is of fuch men
who have. acquired large poJTeffions, and confequently de¬
pendencies ; or defeend from anceftors who have left them
great inheritances, together with an hereditary authority :
thefe eafily unite in thoughts and opinions. Thus com¬
mences a great council or fenate of nobles, for the weighty
affairs of the nation. Swift.
2. A coin rated at fix (hillings and eight-pence; the fum of
fix and eight-pence.
Shortly after he coined nobles, of noble, fair, and fine gold.
Camden's Remains.
Many fair promotions
Are daily given, to enoble thofe
That fcarce, fome two days fince, were worth a noble. Sha.
Upon every writ procured for debt or damage, amounting
to fofty pounds or more, a noble, that is fix (hillings and
eight-pence, is, and ufually hath been paid to fine. Bacon.
No'ble liverwort. [Hepatica.] A plant.
The chatafters are : the root is fibrofe and perennial :
the leaf confifts of three lobes on a pedicle, which arifes
from the root; as does the pedicle of the flower, which is
naked and Angle : the cup of the flower is, for the mod
part, compofed of one leaf fometimes cut into three or
four deep divifions : the flower confifts of many leaves, which
expand in form of a rofe : the fruit is globular, confiding of
one Angle cell curvated. Miller.
No'bleman. f. [noble and man.] One who is ennobled.
If I blufh,
It is to fee a nobleman want manners. Shake/. Hen. VIII.
The nobleman is he, whofe noble mind
Is fill’d with inborn worth. Dryden's Wife of Bath.
No'bleness. n.f. [from noble.]
1. Greatnefs; worth ; dignity; maghanimity.
The noblenefs of life
Is to do this ; when fuch a mutual pair.
And fuch a twain can do’t. Shake/. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Any thing
That my ability may undergo.
And noblenef impofe. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
True noblenefs would
Learn him forbearance from fo foul a wrong. Shakefp.
He that does as well in private between God and his own
foul, as in public, hath given himfelf a good teftimony that
his purpofes are full of honefty, noblenefs, and integrity.
Tavlor's Holy Living.
18 F ' Great-
N O C NOD
Greatnefs of mind, and noblenefs, their feat
Build in her loveiieft. Milton's Par. Lojl.
There is not only a congruity herein between the noblenefs of the faculty and the objedf, but alfo the faculty is en¬
riched and advanced by the worth of the object. Hale.
You have not only been careful of my fortune, which
was the effeift of your noblenefs, but you have been folicitous
of my reputation, which is that of your kindnefs. Dryden.
2.Splendour of defcent; luftre of pedigree.
No'bless. n. f. [noblejje, French.]
1. Nobility. This word is not now ufed in any fenfe.
Fair branch of noblefs, flower of chivalry,
That with your worth the world amazed make. Fairy
2. Dignity ; greatnefs.
Thou whole noblefs keeps one ftature ftill,
And one true pofture, tho’ befieg’d with ill. Ben. Johnfon.
3. Noblemen collectively.
Let us hafte to hear it,
And call the noblefs to the audience. Shakefp. Ham.
I know no reafon we fhould give that advantage to the
commonalty of England to be foremoft in brave aCfions,
which the noblefs of France would never fuff'er in their peafants. Dryden's Pref. to Ann. Mirab.
No'bly. adv. [from noble.]
1. Of ancient and fplendid extraction.
Only a fecond laurel did adorn
His Collegue Catulus, tho’ nobly born ;
He fhar’d the pride of the triumphal bay.
But Marius won the glory of the day. Dryden.
2. Greatly ; illuftrioufly ; magnanimoufly.
Did he not ftraight the two delinquents tear,
That were the Haves of drink and thralls of fleep ?
Was not that nobly done ? Shakefpcare's Macbeth.
This fate he could have ’fcap’d, but would not lofe
Honour for life ; but rather nobly chofe
Death from their fears, than fafety from his own. Denham.
3. Grandly ; fplendidly.
There could not have been a more magnificent defign than
that of Trajan’s pillar. Where could an emperor’s afhes
have been fo nobly lodged, as in the midffc of his metropolis,
and on the top of fo exalted a monument. Acldifon on Italy.
No'body. n. f. [no and body.] No one ; not any one.
This is the tune of our catch plaid by the picture of no¬
body. Shakefpcare's Tempejl.
It fell to fecretary Coke’s turn, for whom nobody cared,
to be made the facrifice ; and he was put out of his office.
Clarendon, b. ii.
If in company you offer fomething for a jeft, and nobody
feconds you on your own laughter, you may condemn their
tafte, and appeal to better judgments ; but in the mean time
you make a very indifferent figure. Swift's Mifcel.
No'cent. adj. [nocens, Latin.]
1. Guilty; criminal.
The earl of Devonfhire being interefted in the blood of
York, that was rather feared than nocent; yet as one, that
might be the object of others- plots, remained prifoner in the
Tower during the king’s life. Bacon's Henry VII.
2. Hurtful; mifehievous.
His head, well-ftor’d with fubtile wiles :
Not yet in horrid fhade, or difmal den.
Nor nocent yet; but on the graffy herb,
Fearlefs unfear’d he flept. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. ix.
The warm limbec draws
Salubrious waters from the nocent brood. Philips.
They meditate whether the virtues of the one will exalt
or diminifti the force of the other, or correCl any of its no¬
cent qualities. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Nock. n.J. [nocchia, Italian.]
1. A flit; a nick ; a notch.
2. The fundament. Lesfeffes.
When the date of nock was out.
Off dropt the fympathetick fnout. Hudibras.
Nocta'mbulo. n. f. [nox and ambulo, Latin.] One who
walks in his fleep.
Refpiration being carried on in fleep, is no argument
againft its being voluntary. What fhall we fay of noflambulo's ? There are voluntary motions carried on without
thought, to avoid pain. Arbuthnot on Air.
Nocti'dial. adj. [notiis and dies.] Comprifing anight and a day.
The nottidial day, the lunar periodic month, and the folar year, are natural and univerfal; but incommenfurate each
to another, and difficult to be reconciled. Holder.
Nqcti'ferous. adj. [nox andfero.] Bringing night. Dill.
NoctFvagant. adj. [nofiivagus, .Latin.] Wandering in the
night. Did.
No'ctuary. n.f [from notiis, Latin.] An account of what
pafles by night.
I have got a parcel of vifions and other mifcellanies in
my nottuary, which I fhall fend you to enrich your paper.
Addifon's Spectator, Nv. 586.
No'cturn. n.f. [notturne, Fr. notturnus^ Latin.] An office of
devotion performed in the night.
The reliques being conveniently placed before the churchdoor, the vigils are to be celebrated that night before them,
and the noSlurn and the mattins for the honouz of the laints
whole the reliques are. $ Hingjleet.
NOCTU'RNAL. adj. [notiurnus, Latin.] Nightly.
From gilded roofs depending lamps difplay
Nodiurnal beams, that emulate the day. Dryden.
I beg leave to make you a prefent of a dream, which may
ferve to lull your readers ’till fuch time as you yourfelf Fhall
gratify the public with any of your notlurnal difeoveries. Add.
Noctu'rnal. n. f. An inftrument by which obfervations are
made in the night.
That projection of the ftars which includes all the ftars
in our horizon, and therefore reaches to the thirty-eight de¬
cree and a half of fouthern latitude, though its centre is the
north pole, gives us a better view of the heavenly bodies as
they appear every night to us; and it may ferve for a noc¬
turnal,, and fhew the true hour of the night. ^ Watts.
To NOD. v. n. [Of uncertain derivation : vfvw, Gr. nuto> Lat.
amneidio, Welfh.]
1. To decline the head with a quick motion.
Let every feeble rumour fhake your hearts; .
Your enemies with nodding of their plumes,
Fan you into defpair. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Cleopatra hath nodded him to her. Shakef. A. and Cleop.
On the faith of Jove rely,
When nodding to thy luit he bows the fky. Dryden.
2. To pay a flight bow.
Caffius muff bend his body,
If Caefar carelefly but nod on him. Shakef. Jul. Cafar.
3. To bend downwards with quick motion.
When a pine is hewn on the plains.
And the laft mortal ftroke alone remains,
Lab’ring in pangs of death, and threatning all.
This way and that fhe nods, confidering where to fall.
Dryden's Ovid, b. x.
He climbs the mountain rocks,
Fir’d by the nodding verdure of its brow. Thomf. Spring,
4.To be drowfy.
Your two predeceffors were famous for their dreams and
vifions, and contrary to all other authors, never pleated their
readers more than when they were nodding. Add. Guard,
Nod. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A quick declination of the head.
Children being, to be reftrained by the parents only in vi¬
cious things ; a look or nod only ought to correct them when
they do amifs. Locke on Education,
A mighty king I am, an earthly God;
Nations obey my word, and wait my nod:
And life or death depend on my decree. Prior,
2. A quick declination.
Like a drunken failor on a mail,
Ready with every nod to tumble down
Into the fatal bowels of the deep. Shakefp. R. Ill,
3. The motion of the head in drowfinefs.
Every drowfy nod Ihakes their dodlrine who teach, that
the foul is always thinking. Locke.
4. A flight obeifance.
Will he give you the nod ? Sha. Troll, and Crejfida.
Since the wifdom of their choice is rather to have my cap
than my heart, I will pradife the iniinuating nod, and be
off to them moil counterfeitly. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Noda'tion. n.f. [from noclo.] The ftate of being knotted,
or aCt of making knots.
No'dder. n.f. [from nocl.] One who makes nods.
A fet of nodders, winkers, and whifperers, whofe bufineis
is to ftrangle all other offspring of wit in their birth. Pope.
Noddle, n.f [pnol, Saxon.] A head; in contempt.
Her care {hall be
To comb your oioddle with a three-legg’d ftool. Shakef
Let our wines without mixture, or ltain, be all fine,
Or call up the mafter and break his dull noddle. B. John,
My head’s not made of brafs.
As friar Bacon’s noddle was. Hudibras, p. ii. cant. 1.
He would not have it faid before the people, that images
are to be worfhipped with Latria, but rather the contrary,
becaufe the diftindlions neceffary to defend it are too fubtile
for their noddles. Stiliingjleet.
Come, mafter, I have a project in my noddle, that {hall
bring my miftrefs to you back again, with as good will as
ever Ihe went from you. L'Ejirange.
Why Ihouldft thou try to hide thyfelf in youth ?
Impartial Proferpine beholds the truth ;
And laughing at fo fond and vain a talk.
Will ftrip thy hoary noddle of its mafic. Addifon.
Thou that art ever half the city’s grace.
And add’ft to folemn noddles, folemn pace. Fenton.
No'ddy. n.f [from naudin, French.] A fimpleton ; an idiot.
The
N O I
The whole race of bawling, fluttering noddies, by what
title foever dignified, are a-kin to the ais in this fable.
L'Ejlrange, Fable 150.
Node. n. f. [nodus, Latin.]
1. A knot; a knob.
2. A fwelling on the bone.
If nodes be the caufe of the pain, foment with fpirit of
wine wherein opium and faftron have been diilblved.
Wijeman s Surgery.
o Interfe&ion.
All thefe variations are finifhed in nineteen years, nearly
agreeing with the courfe of the nodes; i. e. the points in the
, ecliptic where the moon crofleth that circle as fhe paffeth to
her northern or -fouthern latitude ; which nodes are called the
head and tail of the dragon. Holder.
Nodo'sity. n.f [fromnodofus, Latin.] Complication; knot.
Thefe the midwife cutteth off, contriving them into a
knot dole unto the body of the infant; from whence enjfueth that tortuoftty, or complicated nodofity we call the na¬
vel. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. v.
No dous. adj. [nodofus, Latin.] Knotty; full of knots.
This is feldom affeded with the gout, and when that becometh nodous, men continue not long after. Brown’s V. Err.
No'dule. n.f. [;nodulus, Latin.] A fmall lump.
Thofe minerals in the ftrata, are either found in grains,
or elfe they are amaffed into balls, lumps, or nodules : which
nodules are either of an irregular figure, or of a figure fiomewhat more regular. Woodward’s Nat. Hijl.
No'gcen. adj. Hard; rough; harfh.
He put on a hard, coarfe, noggen Ihirt of pendrel.
Efcape of King Charles.
No'ggin. n.f. [nojfel, German.] A fmall mug.
All this while Frog laughed in his fleeve, gave the efquire
'the other noggin of brandy, and clapped him on the back.
Arbuthnot’s Hijl. of J. Bull.
Noi'ance. n.f [See Annoiance.] Mifchief; inconvenience.
To borrow to-day, and to-morrow to mis.
For lender and borrower noiance it is. Tuff. Hufj.
The Angle and peculiar life is bound,
With all the ftrength and armour of the mind,
To keep itfelf from noiance. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet,
To'NOIE. v. a. To annoy. An old word difufed.
Let fervant be ready with mattock in hand.
To ftub out fhe bullies that noieth the land. Tuff. Hufb.
Noi'er. n.f [from note.} One who annoys. An old word
in difufe.
The north is a noier to grafs of all fuits.
The eaft a deftroyer to herbs and all fruits. Tuff- ’Hufb.
Noi'ous. adj. [noiofo, Italian.] Hurtful ; mifehievous ; troublefome ; inconvenient. Obfolete.
Being bred in a hot country, they found much hair on
their faces to be noious unto them. Spenfer.
The falfe Dueffa leaving noious night.
Return’d to ftately palace of dame Pride. Fairy
But neither darknefs foul, nor filthy bands.
Nor noious fmell his purpofe could withhold. Fairy
NOISE, n.f. [noije, French.]
1. Any kind of found.
Noifes, as of waters falling down, founded about them,
and fad viiions appeared unto them. Wifd. xvii. 4.
Whether it were a whiffling found, or a melodious noije
of birds among the fpreading branches, thefe things made
them fwoon. Wifd. xvii. 18.
Great motions in nature pafs without found or noife. The
heavens turn about in a mod rapid motion, without noife to
us perceived ; though in fome dreams they have been faid
to make an excellent mufick. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Fear
Shakes your hearts, while thro’ the ifle they hear
A lading noife, as horrid and as loud
As thunder makes, before it breaks the cloud. Woiler.
2. Outcry; clamour; boafting or importunate talk.
What noife have we had about tranfplantation of difeafes,
and transfufion of blood. Baker on Learning.
3. Occafion of talk.
Socrates lived in Athens during the great plague, which
has made fo much noife through all ages, and never caught
the lead infection. Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 195.
To Noise, v.n. [from the noun.] To found loud.
Harm
Thofe terrors, which thou fpeak’ft of, did me none ;
Tho’ noifng loud and threatning nigh. Milt. P. Reg.
To Noise, v. a. To fpread by rumour, or report.
All thefe fayings were noifed abroad throughout all the
hill country. ^uke i. 65.
I (hall not need to relate the affluence of young nobles
from hence into Spain, after the voice of our prince’s being
there had been quickly noifed. Wotton.
They might buz and whifper it one to another; and ta¬
citly withdrawing from the prefence of the apoftle, they then
lift up their voices and noifed it about the city. hentiey.
N O M
Noi'seful. adj. [noife and full.] Loud ; clamourous.
That eunuch, guardian of rich Holland’s trade,
Whofe noifeful valour does no foe invade.
And weak afliftance will his friends deftroy. Dryden.
Noi'seless. adj. [from noifed] Silent; without found.
On our quick’ft decrees,
Th’ inaudible and noifelefs foot of time
Steals, ere we can effedt them. Shakefpcare.
So noifelefs would I live, fuch death to find,
Like timely fruit, not lhalcen by the wind.
But ripely dropping from the faplefs bough. Dryden.
Noi'siness. n. f. [from noify.] Loudnels of found ; impor¬
tunity of clamour.
Noi'semaker. n.f. [noife and maker.] Clamourer.
The iffue of all this noife is, the making of the noifemakers ftill more ridiculous. L’EJlrange.
NOLSOME. adj. [noiofo, Italian.]
1. Noxous; mifehievous; unwholefome.
In cafe it may be proved, that among the number of rites
and orders common unto both, there are particulars, the ufe
whereof is utterly unlawful in regard of fome fpecial bad
and noifome quality ; there is no doubt but we ought to relinquifh fuch rites and orders, what freedom foever we have
to retain the other ftill. Hooker, b. iv.
All my plants I fave from nightly ill
Of noifome winds, and blafting vapours chill. Milton.
Gravifca noifome from the neighb’ring fen;
And his own Caere fentthree hundred men. Dryden.
The noifome peft’lence, that in open war
Terrible, marches thro’ the mid-day air.
And fcatters death. Prior.
2. Offenfive ; difgufting.
The feeing thefe effedfs, will be
Both noifome and infectious. Shakef. Cymbeline.
The brake and the cockle are noifome foo much. Tuff.
Foul words are hut foul wind, and foul wind is but foul
breath, and foul breath is noifome. Shakefpeare’s M. Ad. Ab.
The filthinefs of his fmell was noifome to all his army. .
2 Mac. ix. 9.
An error in the judgment, is like an impoftem in the head,
which is always noifome, and frequently mortal. South.
NoPsomelY. adv. [from noifome.] With a foetid ftench ; with
an infedlious fteam.
NoPsomeness. n.f. [from noifome.] Aptnefs to difguft; offenfivenefs.
If he muft needs be feen, with all his filth and noifomnefs
about him, he promifes himfelf however, that it will be
fome allay to his reproach, to be but one of many to march
in a troop. South’s Sermt
Noi'sy. adj. [from noife.]
1. Sounding loud.
2. Clamorous ; turbulent.
O leave the noijy town, O come and fee
Our country cotts, and live content with me ! Dryden.
To noijy fools a grave attention lend. Smith.
Although he employs his talents wholly in his clofet, he
is fore to raife the hatred of the noify crowd. Swift.
Noll. n.f. [J?nol, Saxon.] Ahead; a noddle.
An afs’s noli I fixed on his head. Shakefpeare.
NO'Ll me tangere. [Latin.]
1. Kind of cancerous fwelling, exafperated by applications.
2. A plant.
Noli me tangere may be planted among your flowers, for
the rarity of it. Mortimer s Hufb.
NolPtion. n.f [nolitio, Latin.] Unwillingnefs ; oppofed
to volition.
The proper adls of the will are, volition, nolition, choice,
refolution, and command, in relation to fobordinate faculties.
Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
No'mancy. n.f. [nomance, nomancie, Fr. nomen, Latin; and
peavlila, Greek.] The art of divining the fates of perfons by
the letters that form their names. Ditt.
No'mbles. n.f. The entrails of a deen
NOMENCLA'TOR. n.f [Lat. nomenclateur, Fr.] One who
calls things or perfons by their proper names.
There were a let of men in old Rome called nomenclators ; that is, men who could call every man by his name.
Addifon’s Guardian, N°. 107.
Are envy, pride, avarice, and ambition, fuch ill nomenclators
that they cannot furnilh appellations for their owners ? Swift.
Nomenclature, n.f. [nomenclature, Fr. nomenclatura, Lat.]
1. The adt of naming.
To fay where notions cannot fitly be reconciled* that there
wanteth a term or nomenclature for it, is but a fhift of igno¬
rance. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
2. A vocabulary ; a didfionary.
The watry plantations fall not under that nomenclature of
Adam, which unto terreftrious animals afligned a name ap¬
propriate unto their natures. Brown’s V. Err.
No'minal. adj. [nominalis, Latin.] Refering to names ra¬
ther than to things; not real ; titular.
Profound
NON
Profound in all the nominal.
And real ways beyond them all. Hudibras, p. i.
The nominal eflence of gold is that complex idea the word
gold dands for ; as a body yellow, of a certain weight,
malleable, fulible and fixed. But the real eflence is the conditution of the infenfible parts of that body on which thofe
qualities depend. Locke.
Were thefe people as anxious for the doilrines eflential to .
the church of England, as they are lor the notmnal didinction of adhering to its intereds. _ Addijon.
No'minally. adv. [from nominal.^ By name; with regard
to a name ; titularly.
To NOMINATE, v. a. [nomino, Latin.]
1. To name ; to mention by name.
Suddenly to nominate them ail,
It is impoffible. Shakef. Henry VI. p. iii.
One lady, I may civilly fpare to nominate, for her fex’s
fake, whom he termed the fpider of the court. JVotton.
2. To entitle.
Aread, old father, why of late
Didd thou behight me born of Englifh blood,
Whom all a fairy’s fon doen nominate. Fairy Q.
3. To fet down; to appoint by name.
If you repay me not on fuch a day, let the forfeit
Be nominated for an equal pound
Of your fair flefh to be cut off. Shakcfpeare.
Never having intended, never defigned any heir in that
fenfe, we cannot expedt he fliould nominate or appoint any
perfon to it. Locke.
Nomination, n.f [nomination, Fr. from nominate."]
1. The add mentioning by name.
The forty-one immediate electors of the duke, mull be
all of feveral families, and of them twenty-five at lead con¬
cur to this nomination. Witton s D. of Vmice.
2. The power of appointing.
The nomination of perfons to places, being fo principal
and infeparable a flower of his crown, he would referve to
himfelf. Clarendon.
In England the king has the nomination of an archbifhop ;
and after fuch nomination, he fends a conge d’elire to the
dean and chapter, to eledt the perfon thus eledtod by him.
Ayliffe's Parergon.
No'minative. [ in grammar, nominatif Fr. ] The cafe that
primarily defignates the name of any thing, and is called
right, in oppofition to the other cafes called oblique.
NON. v. a. [Latin.] Not. It is never ufed feparately, but
fometimes prefixed to words with a negative power.
Since you to won-regardance call: my faith.
And I partly know the inftrument
That ferews me from my true place in your favour ;
Live you the marble-breaded tyrant dill. Shakef.
A mere inclination to matters of duty, men reckon a will¬
ing of that thing ; when they are juftly charged with an ac¬
tual wow-performance of what the law requires ? South.
For an account at large of bifhop Sanderfon’s lad judg¬
ment concerning God’s concurrence, or wow-concurrence with
the adlions of men, and the pofitive entity of fins of commiffion, I refer you to his letters. Pierce.
The third fort of agreement or difagreement in our ideas,
which the perception of the mind is employed about, is coexidence, or wow-exiftence in the fame fubjedt. Locke.
It is not a wow-adt, which introduces a cuftom, a cudom
being a common ufage. Ayliffe s Parergon.
In the imperial chamber this anfwer is not admitted, viz.
I do not believe it as the matter is alledged. And the reafon of this wow-admiffion is, becaufe of its great uncertainty.
Ayliffe's Parergon.
An apparitor came to the church, and informed the parfon, that he muft pay the tenths to fuch a man; and the
bifhop certified the ecclefiadical court under his feal on the
wwz-payment of them, that he refilled to pay them. Ayliffe.
The wew-appearance of perfons to .fupport the united fenfe
of both houfes of parliament, can never be conftrued as a
general diffidence of being able to fupport the charge againft
the patent and patentee. Swift.
This may be accounted for by the turbulence of paffions
upon the various and furprifing turns of good and evil for¬
tune, in a long evening at play; the mind being wholly
taken up, and the confequence ofwow-attention fo fatal. Swift.
No'nage. n.f {non and age.~\ Minority; time of life before
legal maturity.
In him there is a hope of government;
Which in his nonage, counfel under him.
And in his full and ripen’d years, himfelf
Shall govern well. Shakcfpeare's Richard III.
Be love but there, let poor fix years
Be pos’d with the matured fears
Man trembles at, we llraight fhall find
Love knows no nonage nor the mind. Crafhaw.
We have a midaken apprehenfion of antiquity, calling
that fo which in truth is the world’s nonage, Glamille.
NON
Tliofe charters were not avoidable for the king’s nonage j
and if there could have been any fuch pretence, that alone
would not avoid them. Hale.
After Chaucer there was a Spenfer, a Harrington, a Fair¬
fax, before Waller and Denham were in being; and our
numbers were in their nonage ’till thefe lad appeared. Dryd.
In their tender nonage, while they fpread
Their fpringing leaves, and lift their infant head,
Indulge their childhood, and the nurfling fpare. Dryden.
Nonce, n.f [The original of this word is uncertain; Skinner
imagines it to come from own or once; or from nutz, German,
need or ufe : Junius derives it lefs probably from noiance, to
do for the nonce ; being, according to him, to do it merely
for mifehief.1 Purpofe ; intent; defign. Not now in ufe.
I faw a wolf
Nurfing two whelps ; I faw her little ones
In wanton dalliance the teat to crave,
While die her neck wreath’d from them for the nonce. Spen.
They ufed at fird to fume the fifh in a houfe built for the
nonce. Carew.
When in your motion you are hot.
And that he calls for drink, I’ll have prepar’d him
A chalice for the nonce. Shakef. Hamlet.
Such a light and metall’d dance.
Saw you never;
And they lead men for the nonce,
Thatturn round like grindle-dones. Ben. Johnfon.
A voider for the nonce,
I wrong the devil fhould I pick their bones. Cleaveland,
Coming ten times for the nonce,
I never yet could fee it flow but once. Cotton.
Nonconformity, n.f [non and conformity.]
1. Refufal of compliance.
The will of our maker, whether difeovered by reafon or
revelation, carries the highed authority with it; a confor¬
mity or nonconformity to it, determines their adlions to be
morally good or evil. Watts's Logick.
2. Refufal to join in the edablifhed religion.
Since the liturgy, rites, and ceremonies of our church, are
fo much druck at, and all upon a plea of confcience, it will
concern us to examine the force of this plea, which our adverfaries are dill fetting up as the grand pillar and butterefs
of nonconformity. South's Sermons.
The lady will plead the toleration which allows her non¬
conformity in this particular. Addifon's Spectator.
Nonconfo'rmist. n.f. [non and confortnif.'] One who refufes to join in the edablifhed worfhip.
On his death-bed he declared himfelf a non-conformif, and
had a fanatic preacher to be his fpiritual guide. Swift.
None, adj. [ne one, nan, ne ane, Saxon.]
1. Not one.
Ye fhall flee when none purfueth you. Lev. xxvi. 17.
That fowl which is none of the lighted, can eafily move
itfelf up and down in the air without dirring its wings. Wilk.
Another, which is none of the lead advantages of hope
is, its great efficacy in preferving us from fetting too high a
value on prefent enjoyments. Addifon's Spectator.
2. Not any.
Six days fhall ye gather it, but on the fabbath there fhall
be none. Exodus xvi. 26.
Thy life fhall hang in doubt, and fhalt have none afliirance
of this life. Deutr. xxii. 66.
Before the deluge, the air was calm ; none of thofe tu¬
multuary motions of vapours, which the mountains and
winds caufe in ours. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
The mod glaring and notorious paflages, are none of the
fined. Fenton on the Clafftcks.
3. Not other.
This is none other but the houfe of God, and the gate of
heaven. Gen. xxviii. 17.
4. None of fometimes fignifies only emphatically not.
My people would not hearken to my voice: and Ifrael
would none of me. Pf Jxxxi. 11.
None'ntity; n.f. [non and entity.]
1. Nonexidence.
When they lay nothing from nothing, they mud underdand it as excluding all caufes. In which fenfe it is mod
evidently true ; being equivalent to this propofition, that no¬
thing can make itfelf, or, nothing cannot bring its no-felf
out of nonentity into fomething. Bentley's Serm.
2. A thing not exiding.
There was no fuch thing as rendering evil for evil, when
evil was truly a nonentity, and no where to be found. South.
We have heard, and think it pity that your inquifitive genius
fhould not be better employed, than in looking after that
theological nonentity. Arbut. and Pope's Mart. Scrib.
Nonexistence, n. f [non and exijlence.'] Inexidence;
date of not exiding.
A method of many writers, which depreciates the edeem
of miracles is, to falve not only real verities, but alfo nonexiflences. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b, iv.
NonjcRing,
6
NOO
NoN.ju'ring. adj. [non andjuro, Latin.] Belonging to thofe
who will not (Wear allegiance to the Hanoverian family.
This objeftion was offered me by a very pious, learned,
and worthy gentleman of the nonjurlng party. Swift.
Nonju'ror. n./ [from non and juror.] One who conceiving
Janies II. unjuftly depofed, refufes to fwear allegiance to
thofe who have fucceeded him.
Nonna'turals. n. f. [non naturalia.]
Phyficians reckon thefe to be fix, viz. air, meat and
drink, deep and watching, motion and reft, retention and
excretion, and the paftions of the mind.
r lie fix nonnaturals are luch as neither naturally conftitutive, noi merely deftrutftive, do preferve or deftroy accord¬
ing unto circumftance. Brown's V. Err.
Nonpareil. n.J, [non andpareif French.]
1. Excellence unequalled.
^ My lord and mafter loves you : O fuch love
Could be but recompens’d tho’ you were crown’d
The nonpareil of beauty. Shake/. Twelfth Night.
2. A kind of apple.
3- 1 .-nteis letter of a fmall fize, on which fmall Bibles and
Common Prayers arc printed.
NONPmUS. n./ [non and plus, Latin.] Puzzle, inability
to fay or do more. A low word.
Let it leem never fo ftrange and impoftible, the nonplus of
my reafon will yield a fairer opportunity to my faith. South.
One or two rules, on which their conclufions depend, in
moft men have governed all their thoughts : take thefe from
them and they are at a lots, and their underftanding is perfeftly at a nonplus. . > & Locke.
Such an artift did not begin the matter at a venture,
and when put to a nonplus, paufe and hefitate which way he
fhouid proceed, but he had firft in his comprehenftve intelled a compleat idea of the whole organical body. Bentley.
To Nonplus, v. a. [from the noun.] To confound , to
puzzle ; to put to a ftand ; to ftop.
Nor is the compofition of our own bodies the only Won¬
der ; we are as much nonplujl by the moft contemptible worm
and plant. _ Glanv. Scept. c. vii.
His parts were fo accomplifht,
That right or wrong he ne’er was nonplujl. Hudihras.
That fin thatis a pitch beyond allthofe, muft needs be fuch an
one as muft nonplus the devil himfelf to proceed farther. South.
What, you are confounded, and ftand mute ?
Somewhat nonplujl to hear you deny your name. Dryden.
Tom has been eloquent for half an hour together, when
he has been nonplufed by Mr. Dry’s defiring him to tell
what it was that he endeavoured to prove. Sped. 471.
Nonre sidence. n.J. [non and rejidence.] Failure of refidence.
If the character of perfons chofcn into the church had
been regarded, there would be fewer complaints of nonrefidence. Sw;fu
Nonre'sident. n.f. [non and refident.] One who neglects
to live at the proper place.
_ As to nonrelidence, there are not ten clergymen in the
kingdom who can be termed nonrefidents. Swift\
Nonresi stance, 'll. f. [non and re/iflance.] T'he principle of
not oppofing the king ; ready obedience to a fuperior.
NO'NSENSE. n.f. [non andfenfe.]
1. Unmeaning or ungrammatical language;
’Till underftood, all tales,
Like nonfenfe, are not true nor falfe. Hud. p. iii.
Many copies difperfed gathering new faults* I faw more
nonjenfe than I could have crammed into it. Dryden-.
This nonfenfe got into all the following editions by a miftake of the ftage editors. Dopes Notes on Shakefp.
2. Trifles ; things of no importance.
What’s the world to hini*
’Tis nonfenfe all. Thonfsn.
Nonse nsical. adj. [from nonfenfe.] Unmeaning ; foolifti.
They had produced many other inept combinations, or
aggregate forms of particular things, and nonfenfical fyftems
of the whole. jRay on the Creation.
Nonsf. In sic alness. n. f. [from nonfenfical.] Ungrammatical
jargon, foolifti abfurdity.
Nonsolvent, n.f. [nonssn<\folvent.] One who cannot pay
his debts.
Nonsolu'tion. n.f. [non and folution.] Failure of folution.
Athenaeus inftances aenigmatical propofitions, and the for¬
feitures and rewards upon their folution and nonfolution. Broome.
Nonspa ring.^'. \.non w&fparing.] Mercilefs, all-deftrovhw!
Is’t I expofe 3 &
Thofe tender limbs of thine to the event
Of the nonfparing war. Shake/'. All's well that Ends well.
To NonsuPt. v. a. [non and fuit.] To deprive of the be¬
nefit of a legal procefs for fome failure in the management.
The addreffes of both houfes of parliament, the council,
and the declarations of moft counties and corporations, are
laid aflde as of no weight, and the whole kingdom of Ireland
nonfuited, in default of appearance. Swift.
Noo'dLE. n.J'. [from noddle or noddy.] A fool; a ftmpleton.
Nook. n.f. [from een hoeck, German.] A corner, a covert
made by an angle or interfedfion.
NOR
, Safely in harbour
Is the king s (hip, in the deep nook, where once
Thou call’dft me up. Shakefpeare's Tembefl.
Buy a foggy and a dirty farm 3 J
In that nook fhotten ifle of Albion. Shakef Hen. V
The favages were driven out of the great Ards, into a
htue nook of land near the river of Strangford, where they
now poffcfs a little territory. ° Davies.
Uhfphere
The fpirit of Plato to unfold.
What worlds or what vaft regions hold
T h immortal mind that hath forlook
Her manfion in this fleftfty nook. Milton’s Poems.
Ithuriel and Zephon,
Search thro’ this garden, leave unfearch’d no nook. Milt.
A third form’d within the ground
A various mold , and from the boiling cells,
WnnM11 ?6 conveyance, fill’d each hollow nook. Milton.
JNUUIN. n.j, [non, Saxon; nawn, Welfli, none, Erfe, fuppofed to be derived from nona, Latin, the ninth hour, at which
thm-caena or chief meal was eaten , whence the other nations
called the time of their dinner or chief meal, though earlier
in the day, by the lame name.]
I#r.e hour of the day, twelve *, the time when the
lun is in the meridian.
F,etch f°rth the ft°cks, there (hall he fit ’till noon.-
1 ill noon ! till night my lord, Shakef K. Lear.
I he day already half his race had run,
And fummon’d him to due repaft at noon. Dryden.
If I turn my eyes at noon towards the fun, I cannot avoid
tre ideas which the light or fun produces in me. Locke.
2. It is taken for midnight.
Full before him at the noon of night,
He faw a quire of ladies. ° Dryden.
(Noonday, n.f [noon and day.] Midday.
The bird of night did fit,
Ev’n at noonday, upon the market-place,
Homing and (hneking. Shak. Jut. Ceefar.
1 he dimnefs of our intellectual eyes, Ariftotle fitly com¬
pares to thofe ol an owl at noonday. Boyle
Noo'nday. adj. Meridional. ;
The fcorching fun was mounted high,
In all its luftre to the noonday Iky. Addifan's Ovid.
Nooning. n.J. [from noon.] Repofe at noon.
Noo'nTjde. n.f [noon and tide.] Midday, time of noon.
Sorrow breaks feafons and repofing hours,
Makes the night morning, and the noontide night. Sha,
Noo ntide. adj. Meridional.
Phaeton hath tumbled from his car,
And made an evening at the noontide prick. Shakefeare,
All things in heft order to invite
Noontide repaft, or afternoon’s repofe. Milt. Par. LcA.
We expect the morning red in vain ,
’Tis hid in vapours, or obfeur’d in rain.
The noontide yellow we in vain require ,
’Tis black in ftorm, or red in lightning fire. Prior,
NOOSE, n.f. [nofada, entangled, a word found in the glofles
of Lipftus. Mr. Lye.] A running knot which the more it
is drawn binds the clofer.
Cail ft thou with a weak angle ftrike the whale ?
Catch with a hook, or with a noofe inthral l ,Sandvs.
Where the hangman does difpofe,
To fpecial friend the knot of noofe. Hud.p. i.
They run their necks into a noofe,
They’d break ’em after, to break loofe. Hud. p. iii.
Falfely he falls into fome dangerous noofe,
And then as meanly labours to get loofe. Dryden.
A rope and a noofe are no jefting matters. J, full.
To Noose, v. a. [from the noun.] To tie in a noofe, to
catch , to entrap.
The fin is woven with threads of different fizes, the leaft
of them ftrong enOugh to noofe and entrap us. Gov. Tongue.
Nope. n.f. A kind of bird called a bullfinch or redtail.
Nor. conjunct, [ne or.]
1. A particle marking the fecond or fubfequent branch of a
negative propofition , correlative to neither or not.
I neither love, nor fear thee. Shakefpeare.
Neither love will twine, nor hay. Marvel.
2. Two negatives are fometimes joined, but ill.
Mine eyes.
Which I have darted at thee, hurt thee not;
Nor, I am fure there is no force in eyes
That can do hurt. Shakefpeare's As you like it.
3. Neither is fometimes included in nor, but not elegantly
Pow’r, difgrace, nor death could ought divert ' *
Thy glorious tongue thus to reveal thy heart. Daniel.
Simois ncr Xanthus (hall be wantino- there •
A new Achilles (hall in arms appear. ° * Dr-fen
4. Nor is fometimes ufed in the firft branch for neither.
Idle nymph, I pray thee, be *
Modeft, and not follow me, /
I nor love myfelf, nor thee. Ben %hnfcr \
18 G ' 'J Nor
Milton.
NOS
Nor did they no': perceive their evil plight,
Or the fierce pains not feel
But how perplext, alas ! is human fate ?
I whom nor avarice, nor pleafures move ;
Yet mull myfelf be made a Have to love. tValJb.
NORTH, n.f [nojtS, Saxon.] The point oppofite to the
fun in the meridian.
More unconftant than the wind ; who wooes
Ev’n now the frozen bofom of the north ;
And being anger’d puffs away from thence, .
Turning his face to the dew dropping fouth. Shake/.
The tyrannous breathing of the north, ,
Shakes all our buds from blowing. Shake/. Cymb.
Fierce Boreas iftiies forth
T’ invade th’ frozen waggon of the north. Dryd.
North, ad). Northern ; being in the north.
This fhall be your north border from the great fea to mount
jjor Num. xxxiv. 7.
Northeast, n. f. [noordeaf, Dutch. ] The point between
the north and eaft.
The inferiour fea towards the foutheaft, the Ionian to¬
wards the fouth, and the Adriatick on the northeajl fide,
were commanded by three different nations. Arbuthnot.
Northerly, ad), [from north.] Being towards the north.
The northerly and foutherly winds, commonly efteemed
the caufes of cold and warm weather, are really the eftefts
of the cold or warmth of the atmofphere. Derham.
No'rthern. ad), [from north.] Being in the north.
Proud northern lord, Clifford of Cumberland. Shake/.
If we eredl a red-hot wire until it cool, and then hang it
up with wax and untwifted filk, where the lower end which
cooled next the earth doth reft, that is the northern point.
Brown s Vulgar Errours.
NoRTHSta'r. n.f. [north andJlar. ] Thepoleftar; the lodeftar.
If her breath were as terrible as her terminations, there
were no living near her, fhe would infecft to the northjlar.
Shakefpeare’s M. Ad. Ab.
No'rthward. ad). [ north and peapb, Saxon. ] Being to¬
wards the north.
No'rthward. ) adv. [north and peapb, Saxon.] Towards
No'rthwards. S the north.
Miflike me not for my complexion.
The fhadow’d livery of the burnifh’d fun.
Bring me the faireft creature northward born,
Where Phoebus’ fire fcarce thaws the icicles,
And prove whofe blood is reddeft. Shakefpeare.
Going northward aloof, as long as they had any doubt of
being purfued, at laft they crofted the ocean to Spain. Baton.
Northward beyond the mountains we will go,
Where rocks lie cover’d with eternal fnow. Dryden.
A clofe prifoner in a room, twenty foot fquare, being at
the north fide of his chamber, is at liberty to walk twenty
foot fouthward, not walk twenty foot northward. Locke.
Northwest, n./ [north and weft.] The point between the
north and weft.
The bathing places that they may remain under the fun
until evening, he expofeth unto the fummer fetting, that is
norihwefi. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. vi.
Northwi'nd. n.f. [north and wind.] The wind that blows
from the north.
The clouds were fled.
Driven by a keen northwind. Milton.
When the fierce northwind, with his airy forces
Rears up the Baltick to a foaming fury. JVatts.
NOSE. n.f. [nceye, nopa, Saxon.]
1. The prominence on the face, which is the organ of fcent
and the emun&ory of the brain.
Down with the nofe.
Take the bridge quite away
Of him that, his particular to forefend,
Smells from the gen’ral weal. Shake/ Timon of Athens.
Nofe of Turks and Tartars lips. ShakeJ. Macbeth.
Our decrees.
Dead to infliction, to themfelves are dead ;
And liberty plucks juftice by the nofe. Sha. M. of Vin.
There can be no realon given why a vifage fomewhat
longer, or a nofe flatter, could not have confifted with luch
a foul. Locke.
Poetry takes me up fo entirely, that I fcarce fee what
paftes under my nofe. Pope s Letters.
2. The end of any thing.
The lungs are as bellows, the afpera arteria is the nofe ot
the bellows, or as a channel in the found board of an organ.
Holder’s Elements of Speech.
3. Scent; fagacity.
We are not offended with a dog for a better nofe than his
mafter. Collier on Envy.
4. cIo lead by the Nose. To drag by force : as, a bear by his
ring. To lead blindly.
Tho’ authority be a ftubborn bear,
Yet he is oft led by the nofe with gold. Sha. TV. Tale.
NOT
In fuits which a man doth not underftand, it is gcod to
refer them to feme friend, but let him chufe well his refe¬
rendaries, elfe he may be led by the nofe. baton.
That fome occult defign doth lie
In bloody cynardiomachy,
Is plain enough to him that knows,
How faints lead brothers by the nofe. Hudibras, p 1.
This is the method of all popular fhams, when tne mul¬
titude are to be led by the nofes into a fool s paiadile. ^ L f.
5. To thrujl one’s Nose into the affairs of others. I o be med¬
dling with other people’s matters ; to be a bufy body.
6. To "put one’s Nose out of joint. 'Fo put one out in the affec¬
tions of another.
To Nose. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fcent; to fmell.
Nofe him as you go up the ftairs. Shake/ Hamlet.
2. To face ; to oppofe. _
To Nose. v. n. To look big; to bluffer.
Adult’rous Anthony
Gives his potent regiment to a trull
That nofes it againft us. Shake/. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Nose-bleed, n.f. [nofe and bleed.] A kind of herb.
No'seGAY. n.f. [nofe and gay.] A pofie ; a bunch of flowers.
She hath made me four and twenty nofegays for the fbearers.
Shakefpeare’s TVinter’s Tale,
Ariel fought
The clofe recefles of the virgin’s thought;
As on the nofegay in her breaft reclin d.
He watch’d th’ ideas rifing in her mind. Pope.
Get you gone in the country to drefs up nofegays for a holyday. Arbuthnot’s Hif.-of J. Bull.
No'seless. ad), [from nofe.] Wanting a nofe ; deprived of
the nofe.
Mangled Myrmidons,
Nofelefs, and handjefs, hackt and chipt, come to him. Sha.
Nose'smart. n.f [nofe and /mart.] The herb crefies.
No'sle. n.f [from nofe.] The extremity of a thing : as, the
nofe of a pair of bellows.
No'sology. n.f. [voo-of and Aopog.] Do&rine of difeafes.
Nosopoe'tick. ad). [v&Voc and 7roifw.] Producing difeafes.
The qualities of the air are nofopoetick; that is, have a
pow’r of producing difeafes. Arbuthnot on Air.
No'stril. n.f. [nofe and =Sypl, a hole, Saxon.] The ca¬
vity in the nofe.
Turn then my frefheft reputation to
A favour that may ftrike the dulleft nofril. Shakefp.
Stinks which the nofrils ftraight abhor, are not the moft
pernicious. Bacon’s Nat. Hif.
He form’d thee, Adam, and in thy nofrils breath’d
The breath of life. Milton’s P. Lof, b. vii.
The fecondary adtion fubfifteth not alone, but in concomitancy with the other ; fo the nofrils are ufeful both
for refpiration and fmelling, but the principal ufe is fmelling.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
Thefe ripe fruits recreate the nofrils with their aromatick
fcent. More's Divine Dialogues.
NO’STRUM. n.f. [Latin.] A medicine not yet made publick, but remaining in fome fingle hand.
Very extraordinary, and one of his nofrums, let it be writ
upon his monument. Hie jacet auftor hujus argument's ; for no
body ever ufed it before. Stillingfleet.
What drop or nofrum can this plague remove ? Pope.
Not. adv. [ne au)?c, Saxon ; niet, Dutch.]
1. The particle of negation, or refufal.
If thou be the world's great parent.
How falls it then that with thy furious fervour
Thou doft afflidt as well the not deferver.
As him that doth thy lovely hefts defpife ? Spenfer.
His countenance likes me not. Shakefp. K. Lear.
The man held his peace, to wit whether the Lord had
made his journey profperous or not. Gen. xxiv. 21.
Let each man do as to his fancy feems;
I wait, not I, ’till you have better dreams. Dryden.
This objection hinders not but that the heroic adtion enterprifed for the Chriftian caufe, and executed happily, may
be as well executed now as it was of old. Dryden.
Grammar being to teach men not to fpeak, but to fpeak
correctly ; where rhetoric is not neceflary, grammar may be
fpared. Locke on Education.
This day, be bread and peace my lot;
All elfe beneath the fun
Thou know’ft if beft beftow’d or not,
And let thy will be done. Pope’s UmverfalPrayer.
1. It denotes ceflation or extin&ion. No more.
Thine eyes are upon me, and I am not. fob vii. 8.
NO'TABLE. ad). [notable, Fr. notabils, Latin.] Remarkable ;
memorable; obfervable.
The fuccefs of thofe wars was too notable to be unknown
to your ears ; which, it feems, all worthy fame hath glory to
come unto. Sidney, b. ii.
The
NOT NOT
The Tame is notified in the notable places of the diocefs.
IVhitgifte*
In the parliament at Kilkenny, many notable laws were
ena&ed, which fhew, for the law doth beft difeover enor¬
mities, how much the Ehglifh colonies were corrupted.
Davies on Ireland.
Two young men appeared notable in ftrength, excellent in
beauty, and comely in apparel. 2 Mac. iii. 26.
They bore two or three charges from the horfe with not¬
able courage, and without being broken. Clarendon.
Eoth armies lay ftill without any notable action, for the
fpace of ten days. Clarendon, b. viii.
Varro’s aviary is ftill fo famous, that it is reckoned for
one of thofe notables which men of foreign nations record.
Addifon.
Caefar, whofe great fagacity and condudl put his fuccels
as much out of the power of chance as human reafon could
well do, yet upon occafion of a notable experiment, that
had like to have loft him his whole army at Dyrrachium,
tells us the power of it in his commentaries. South's Serm.
It is impoffible but a man rauft have firft palled this notable
ftage, and got his confcience thoroughly debauched and
hardened, before he can arrive to the height of fin. South.
2.Careful 3 buftling, in contempt and irony.
This abfolute monarch was as notable a guardian of the
fortunes, as of the lives of his fubjedls. When any man
grew rich, to keep him from being dangerous to the ftate, he
lent for all his goods. , Addifon’s Freeholder, N°. 10.
No'tableness. n.f [from notable.~\ Appearance of bufinefs j
importance. In contempt.
No'tably., adv. [from notable.']
1. Memorably 3 remarkably.
This we fee notably proved, in that the oft polling of
hedges conduces much to their lafting. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
2. With confequence ; with fhew of importance 3 ironically.
Mention the king of Spain or Poland, and he talks very
1notably 3 but if you go out of the gazette, you drop him.
Addifon's Spectator, N°. 105.
No'tarial. adj. [from notary.] Taken by a notary.
It may be called an authentick writing, though not a publick inftrument, through want of a notarial evidence. Alyliffe.
No'tary. n.f. [notaire, Fr. from notarius, Latin.] An officer
whofe bufinefs it is to take notes of any thing which may
concern the publick.
There is a declaration made to have that very book, and
no other fet abroad, wherein their prefent authorifed notaries
do write thofe things fully and only, which being written and
there read, are by their own open teftimony acknowledged
to be their own. Hooker.
Go with me to a notary, feal me there
Your bond. Shakef. M. of Venice.
One of thofe with him, being a notary, made an entry of
this a<51. Bacon's New Atlantis.
So I but your recorder am in this.
Or mouth and fpeaker of the univerfe,
A minifterial notary 3 for ’tis
Not I, but you and fame that make this verfe. Donne.
They have in each province, intendants and notaries. Temp.
Nota'tion. n.f. [notatio, Latin.]
1. The adt or practice of recording any thing by marks : as,
by figures or letters.
Notation teaches how to deferibe any number by certain
notes and charadfers, and to declare the value thereof being
fo deferibed, and that is by degrees and periods. Cocker.
2. Meaning 3 fignification.
A foundation being primarily of ufe in architedlure, hath
no other literal notation but what belongs to it in relation to
a building. Hammond.
Confcience, according to the very notation of the .word,
imports a double knowledge 3 one of a divine law, and the
other of a man’s own adtion 3 and fo is properly the applica¬
tion of a general law, to a particular inftance of practice.
South’s Sermons.
NOTCH, n.f. [nocchia, Italian.] A nick 5 a hollow cut in
any thing.
The convex work is compofed of black and citrin pieces
in the margin, of a pyramidal figure appolitely fet, and with
tranfverfe notches. Grew's Mufaum.
From his rug the fkew’r he takes.
And on the ftick ten equal notches makes :
There take my tally ot ten thoufand pound. Swift.
He fhew’d a comma ne’er could claim
A place in any Britifti name 3
Yet making here a perfedt botch,
Thrufts vour poor vowel from his notch. Swift.
To Notch. V. a. [ from the noun. ] To cut in fmall hol¬
low's.
He was too hard for him diredlly : before Corioli, he
fcotcht him and notcht him like a carbonado. Shakef.
The convex work is compofed ol black and citrin pieces,
cancellated and tranfverfely notched. Grew’s Mufaum.
From him whofe quills ftand quiver’d at his ear.
To him who notches fticks at Weftminfter. Pope.
Notchwee'd. n.f. [notch and weed.] An herb called orach.
Note, [for ne mote.] May not.
Ne let him then admire,
But yield his fenfe to be too blunt and bafe.
That note without an hound fine footing trace. Fairy 4J.
NOTE. n.f. [nota, Lat. notte, Fr.]
1. Mark 3 token;
Whofoever appertain to the viAble body of the church,
they have alfo the notes of external profeliion whereby the
world knoweth what they are. Hooker, b. iii.
2. Notice; heed.
Give order to my fervants that they take
No note at all of our being abfent hence. Shakefp.
I will beftow fome precepts on this virgin,
Worthy the note. Shakefp. All's wellthat ends well,
3. Reputation; confequence.
Divers men of note have been brought over into England.
Abbot’s Defcription of the World.
Andronicus and Junia are of note among the apoftles.
Rom. xvi. 7.
As for metals, authors of good note afture us, that even
they have been obferved to grow. Boyle.
4. Reproach; ftigma.
The more to aggravate the note,
With a foul traytor’s name ftu(f I thy throat. Shakefp.
5. Account 3 information ; intelligence.
She that from Naples
Can have no note 3 unlefs the fun were poft,
The man i’th’ moon’s too flow. Shakefp. Tempejl.
In fuits of favour, the firft coming ought to take little
place ; fo far forth confideration may be had of his truft,
that if intelligence of the matter could not otherwife have
been had but by him, advantage be not taken of the note,
but the party left to his other means, and in fome fort recompenled for his difeovery. • Bacon, EJfay 49.
6. Tune; voice.
Thefe are the notes wherewith are drawn from the hearts
of the multitude fo many fighs ; with thefe tunes their minds
are exafperated againft the lawful guides and governors of
their fouls. Hooker, b. iv.
The wakeful bird tunes her nodlurnal note. Milton.
I now mud change thofe notes to tragick. Milton.
You that can tune your founding firings fo well.
Of ladies beauties and of love to tell 3
Once change your note, and let your lute report
The jufteft grief that ever touch’d the court. Waller.
One common note on either lyre did ftrike.
And knaves and fools we both abhorr’d alike. Dryden.
7. Single found in mufick.
From harmony, from heavenly harmony !
This univerfal frame began :
From harmony to harmony.
Thro’ all the compafs of the notes it ran,
The diapafon clofing full in man. Dryden.
8. State of being obferved.
Small matters come with great commendation, becaufe
they are continually in ufe and in note 3 whereas the occafion
of any great virtue cometn but on feftivals. Bacon.
9. Short hint 3 fmall paper.
He will’d me
In heedfull’ft refervation to beftew them*
As notes whofe faculties inclufive were.
More than they were in note. Shakefpearl.
In the body’s prifon fo fhe lies.
As through the body’s windows (he muft look,
Her divers pow’rs of fenfe to exercife,
By gath’ring notes out of the world’s great book. Davies4
10. Abbreviation; fymbol.
Contrail it into a narrow compafs by Ihort notes and ab¬
breviations. Baker on Learning*
11. A fmall letter.
A hollow cane within her hand {he brought.
But in the concave had inclos’d a note* Dryden.
12. Written paper..
I cannot get over the prejudice of taking fome little of¬
fence at the clergy, for perpetually reading their fermons ;
perhaps my frequent hearing of foreigners, who never make
ufe of notes, may have added to my diiguft* Swift.
13. A paper given in confeffion of a debt.
His note will go farther than my bond, 'John Bull.
14. Explanatory annotation.
The beft writers have been perplexed with notes, and obfeured with illuftrations. Felton on the Clajftcks.
No'tebook. n.f. [note and book*] A book in which notes
and memorandums are fet down.
Caffius all his faults obferv’d 3
Set in a notebook, learn’d, and conn’d bv rote,
To call into my teeth. " Shakefp. J. Ccsfar.
To Note. v. a. [noto, Latin 3 noter, French. ]
1. To
1
NOT
7.To obfcrvc; to remark ; to heed ; to attend; to take no¬
tice of.
The fool hath much pined away.
No more of that, I have noted it well. Shakef. K. Lear.
If much you note him,
You {hall offend him. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
I began to note
The ftormy Hyades, the rainy goat. Addif. Ovid.
Wandring from clime to clime; obfervant ffray d,
Their manners noted, and their ftates furvey d. Pope.
2i To deliver; to fet down. •
Saint Auguftin fpeaking of devout men, noteth how they
daily frequented the church, how attentive ear they gave
unto the leffons and chapters read. Hooker, b. v.
Note it in a book, that it may be for ever and ever. Ifxxx.S.
3. To charge with a crime.
Sine vejie Dianam, agrees better with Livia, who had the
fame of chaftity, than with either of the Julia’s, who were
both noted of incontinency. Dryden.
4. [In mufick.] To fet down the notes of a tune.
No'ted. part. adj. [from note.] Remarkable; eminent; ce¬
lebrated.
A noted chymift procured a privilege, that none but he
fhould vend a fpirit. Boyle.
Juftinian’s laws, if we may believe a noted author, have
not the force of laws in France or Holland. Baker.
No'ter. n.f. [from note.] He who takes notice:
No'tHing. n.f. [no and thing; nothing, Scottifb.]
1. Negation of being; nonentity; univerfal negation; oppofed
to fomething.
It is moft certain, that there never could be nothing. For,
if there could have been an inffant, wherein there was no¬
thing, then either nothing made fomething, or fomething
made itfelf; and fo was, and adted, before it was. But if
there never could be nothing ; then there is, and was, a be¬
ing of neceflity, without any beginning. • Crew’s Cof
We do not create the world from nothing and by nothing ;
we affert an eternal God to have been the efficient caufe of
jt Bentley’s Serm.
This nothing is taken either in a vulgar or philofophical
fenfe; fo we fay there is nothing in the cup in a vulgar fenfe,
when we mean there is no liquor in it; but we cannot fay
there is nothing in the cup, in a ftridt philofophical fenfe,
while there is air in it. Watts’s Logick.
2. Nonexifteftce.
Mighty ftates characterleB are grated
To dufty nothing. Shakef. Troilus and Creffida.
3. Not any thing ; no particular thing.
There {hall nothing die. Ex. ix. 4.
Yet had his afpedt nothing of fevere,
But fucli a face as promis'd him fincere. Dryden.
Philofophy wholly fpeculative, is barren and produces no¬
thing but vain ideas. Dryden’s Don Scbajlian.
Nothing at all was done, while any thing remained un¬
done. Addifon on the War.
4. No other thing.
Nothing but a fteadv refolution brought to pradtice; God’s
grace ufed, his commandments obeyed, and his pardon
begged ; nothing but this will intitle you to God’s acceptance.
Wakes’s Prep,for Death.
Words are made to declare fomething; where they are,
by thofe who pretend to inftrudt, otherwife ufed, they con¬
ceal indeed fomething; but that which they conceal, is no¬
thing 'but the ignorance, error, or lophiftry of the talker,
for there is, in truth, nothing elfe under them. Locke.
5. No quantity or degree.
The report which the troops of horfe make* would add
nothing of couragh to their fellows. Clarendon.
£3
6. No importance ; no ufe ; no value.
The outward {hew of churches, dr£ws the rtide people to
the reverencing and frequenting thereof, whatever feme of
our late too nice fools fay, there is nothing in the feemly form
of the church. Spenfer’s Ireland.
Behold, ye are of nothing, and your work of naught.
Jfaiah xli. 24.
y. No poffdfion or fortune.
A moft homely fhepherd ; a man that from very nothing
is grown into an unfpeakable eftate. Shak. W. Tale.
8. No difficulty; no trouble.
We are induftrious to preferve our bodies from fiavery,
but we make nothing of fuftering our fouls to be Haves to our
luffs. Ray on the Creation.
9. A thing of no proportion.
The charge of making the ground, and otherwife is great,
but nothing to the profit. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
to. I rifle ; fomething of no confideration or importance.
I had rather have one fcratch my head i’th’ fun,
"W hen the alarum were ftruck, than idly fit
1 o hear my nothings monfter’d. Shakefpeare s Cor.
My dear nothings, take your leave,
No longer muft you me deceive*
NOT
’Tis nothing, fays the fool; but fays the friend,
This nothing, Sir, will bring you to your end.
Do I not fee your dropfy-belly fwell ? Dryden.
That period includes more than a hundred fentencv-s ...a.
might be writ to exprefs multiplication of nothings, .md all
the fatiguing perpetual bufinefs of having no bufinefs to do.
6 * Pope’s Letters.
II. Nothing has a kind of adverbial fignification. In no de¬
gree ; not at all.
Who will make me a liar, and make my fpeech nothing
worth? y^xxjv. 25.
Auria nothing difmayed with the greatnefs ot the l\irks
fleet, ftill kept on his courfe. Knolles’s Hijl. of toe Turks.
But Adam with fuch counfel nothing fway’d. Milton.
No'thingness. n.f. [from nothing.]
1. Nihility; nonexiftence.
His art did exprefs
A quinteflence even from hothingnefs, >•
From dull privations, and lean emptinefs. Donne. 3
2. Nothing ; thing of no value.
I a nothingnefs in deed and name,
Did fcorn to hurt his forfeit carcafe. Hudibras, p. i.
Ng'tice. n. f. [ notice, I'rench; notitia, Latin. J
1. Remark; heed; obfervation ; regard. . _ .
The thing to be regarded in taking notice of a child’s mifcarriage is, what root it fprings from. Locke.
This is done with little notice: very quick the adtions of
the mind are performed. Locke.
How ready is envy to mingle with the notices w'hich we
take of other perfons ! Watts.
2. Information; intelligence given or received:
I have given him notice, that the duke of Cornwal and his
dutchefs will be here. Shakefpeare’s K. Ledr.
Notifica'tions. n.f. [notification, F. from notify. J Act of
making known ; reprelentation by marks or fymbola.
Four or five torches elevated or dcprelfed out of their or¬
der, either in breadth or longways, may, by agreement, give
great variety of notifications. Holder’s Elements of Speed).
To No'tify. v. a. [notfier,Yt. notfico, Latin.j To declare;
to make known ; to publifh.
There are other kind of Jaws, which notify the will of
God. Hooker, b. ii. f. 2.
The fame is notified in the notableft places of the whole
diocefs. Whitgifte.
Good and evil operate upon the mind of man, by thofe
refpedtive appellations by which they are notified and conveyed
to the mind. South’s Serm.
This folar month is by civil fandtion notified in authentic
calendars the chief meafure of the year: a kind of ftandard
by which we meafure time. Holder.
NOTION, n.f. [notion, Fr. notio, Latin.J
1. Thought; reprefentation of any thing formed by the mind ;
idea ; image ; conception.
Many adtions are punifloed by law, that are adts of in¬
gratitude ; but this is merely accidental to them, as they are
fuch adds ; for if they were punifhed properly under that no¬
tion, and upon that account, the puniftunent would equally
reach all adtions of the fame kind. South’s Serm.
The fidtion of fome beings which are not in nature; fecond notions, as the logicians call them, has been founded
on the conjundtion of two natures, which have a real feparate being. Dryden’s State of Innocence.
What hath been generally agreed on, I content myfelf to
affume under the notion of principles, in order to what I have
farther to write. Newt. Opt.
There is nothing made a more common fubjedt of difeourfe
than nature and it’s laws; and yet few agree in their notions
about thefe words. Cheyne’s Phil. Prin.
That notion of hunger, cold, found, colour, thought,
wifh, or fear, which is in the mind, is called the idea of
hunger, cold, found, with, &c. Watts’s Logick.
2. Sentiment; opinion.
God hath bid dwell far off* all anxious cares.
And not moleft us ; unlefs we ourfelves
Seek them with wand’ring thoughts and notions vain. Mdt.
It would be incredible to a man who has never been in
France, fhould one relate the extravagant notion they enter¬
tain of themfelves, and the mean opinion they have of their
neighbours. Addifon s Freeholder, N°. 30.
Senfual wits they were, who, it is probable, took pleafure
in ridiculing the notion of a life to come. Atterbury.
3. Senfe; underftanding ; intellectual power. This fenfe is
frequent in Shakefpeare, but not in ufe.
His notion weakens, his difeernings
Are lethargy’d Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
So told, as earthly notion can receive. Milt. P. Lojl.
No'tional. adj. [from notion.]
I. Imaginary ; ideal ; intellectual; fubfifting only in idea ;
vifionary; fantaftical.
The general and indefinite contemplations and notions,
®f the elements and their conjugations, of the influences of
heaven.
5
N O T NTiN o u
heaven, are to be fet afide, being but notional and ill-limited ;
and definite axioms are to be drawn out of mcafured inflanccs.
Bacon’s Natural HiJlory, N°. 875.
Happinefs, object of that waking dream
Which we call life, miftaking ; fugitive theme
Of my purfuing verfe, ideal fhade,
Notional good, by fancy only made. Prior.
We mull be wary, left we afcribe any real fubfiftence or
perfonality to this nature or chance; for it is merely a no¬
tional and imaginary thing; an abltradt univerfal, which is
properly nothing ; a conception of our own making, occailoncd by our refledting upon the fettled courfe of things ;
denoting only thus much, that all thofe bodies move and adl
according to their eflential properties, without any confcioufnefs or intention of fo doing. Bentley s Serm.
2. Dealing in ideas, not realities.
The moft forward notional dictators fit down in a content¬
ed ignorance. Glanv. Seep/, c. xx.
Notiona'lity. n. f. [from notional.'] Empty, ungrounded
opinion. A word notin ufe.
I aimed at the advance of fciencc, by diferediting empty
and talkative nationality. Glanv. to Albius.
No'tionally. adv. [from notional.] In idea 5 mentally; in
our conception, though not in reality.
The whole rational nature of man confifts of two facul¬
ties, underftanding and will, whether really or nationally diftindl, I ftiall not difputc. Norris’s Mi/cel.
Notoriety, n.f. [notoriety Fr. from notorious.] Publick know¬
ledge ; publick expofure.
We fee what a multitude of pagan teftimonies may be
produced for all thofe remarkable paffages: and indeed of
fevcral, that more than anfwer your expedition, as they
were not fubjedts in their own nature fo expofed to publick
notoriety. Addifon on Chrift. Re/ig.
NOTO'RIO\JS.adj.[notorius)La.t.nctoire)Fr.] Publicklyknown;
evident to the world ; apparent; not hidden. It is commonly
ufed of things known to their difadvantage; whence by thofe
who do not know the true fignification of the word, an atro¬
cious crime is called a notorious crime, whether publick or
fecret.
What need you make fuch ado in cloaking a matter too
notorious. . Whitgifte.
The goodnefs of your intercepted packets
You writ to the pope againft the king ; your goodnefs,
Since you provoke me, fhall be moft notorious. Sbakef.
I fhall have law in Ephefus,
To your notorious firame. Sbakef. Com. Err.
In the time of king Edward III. the impediments of the
conqueft of Ireland are notorious. Davies,
What notorious vice is there that doth not blemifh a man’s
reputation ? Tillotfon.
The inhabitants of Naples have been always very noto¬
rious for leading a life of lazinefs and pleafure, which arifes
partly out of the plenty of their country, and partly out
of the temper of their climate. Addifon on Italy.
The bifhops have procured forne fmall advancement of
rents ; although it be notorious that they do not receive the
third penny of the real value. Swift's Mifcell.
Notoriously, adv. [from notorious.] Publickly; evidently;
openly.
The expofing himfelf notorioufy, did fometimes change
the fortune of the day. Clarendon, b. viii.
This is notorioufy difcoverable in fome differences of brake
or fern. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
Ovid tells us, thatthe caufe was notorioufy known at Rome,
though it be left fo obfeure to after ages. Dryden.
Should the genius of a nation be more fixed in govern¬
ment, than in morals, learning, and complexion ; which do
all notorioufy vary in every age. Swift.
Noto'riousness. n.f. [from notorious.] Publick fame; no¬
toriety.
ToNott. v. a.. To (hear. Ainf.
No'twheat. n.f. [not and wheat.]
Of wheat there are two forts ; French, which is bearded,
and requireth the beft foil, and notwheat, fo termed becaufe
it is unbearded, being contented with a meaner earth. Carezv.
Notwithstanding, conj. [This word, though in confor¬
mity to other writers called here a conjunction, is prop'erly
a participal adjedlive, as it is compounded of not and withfanding, and anlwers exactly to the Latin non obfante; it
is molt properly and analogically ufed in the ablative cafe
abfolute with a noun ; as, be is rich notwithfanding his
lofs ; it is not fo proper to fay, he is rich notwithfanding
he has lof much; yet this mode ot writing is too frequent,
Addifon has ufed it: but when a fentence follows, it is more
grammatical to infert that; as, he is rich no'witbfanding that
he has lof much. When notwithfanding is ufed abfolutely,
the exprefiion is elliptical, this or that being underftood, as
in the following paffages ot Hooker.]
1. Without hindrance or obftrudlion from.
Thofe on whom Chrift beftowed miraculous cures, were
fo tranlported that their gratitude made them, notwlthfand
ing his prohibition, proclaim the wonders he had done tor
them. Decay of Piety .
2. Although. This ufe is not proper.
A perfon languifhing under an ill habit of body, may lofe
fevers! ounces of blood, notwithfanding it will weaken him
for a time, in order to put a new ferment into the remain¬
ing mafs, and draw into it frefh fupplies. Addifon.
3. Neverthclefs ; however.
They which honour the law as an image of the wifdom of
God himfelf, are notwithfanding to know that the lame had an
end in Chrift. Hooker, b. iv.
The knowledge is fmall, which we have on earth con¬
cerning things that are done in heaven : notwithfanding this
much we know even of faints in heaven, that they pray.
Elooker, b. v. f. 23.
He hath a tear for pity, and a hand
Open as day, for melting chanty ;
Yet notwithfanding, being incens’d, he’s flint;
As humourous as winter. Shake/. Henry IV.
AOtUS. n.J. [Latin.] The fouthwind.
. With adverfe blaft upturns them from the fouth,
Nctus and Afer black, with thund’rous clouds
Irom Sierra Liona. Milton’s Par. Lof, b. x.
Novation, n.f. [novatio, Latin.] The introduction of fomething new.
* •”’-/* The introducer of fomething new.
^ vEL. adj* [novellas, Lntin > nouvelle, French.J
1. New; not ancient; not ufed of old; unufual.
The Prefbyterians are exadters of fubmiffion to their no¬
vel injunctions, before they are ftamped with the authority
of laws. King Charles.
It is no novel ufurpation, but though void of other title,
has the prefeription of many ages. Decay of Piety.
2. [In the civil law.] Appendant to the code, and of later enac¬
tion.
By the novel conftitutions, burial may not be denied to
any one- ' Aylife's Parergon.
Novel, n.f. [nouvelle, French.]
1. A fmall tale, generally of love.
Nothing of a foreign nature ; like the trifling novels which
Ariofto inferted in his poems. ° Drydcr..
Her mangl’d fame in barb’rous paftime loft.
The coxcomb’s novel and the drunkard’s toaft. Prior.
2. A law annexed to the code.
By the civil law, no one was to be ordained a prefbyter
till he was thirty-five years of age : though by a later novel
it was fufficient, if he was above thirty. Aylife’s Par.
Novelist, n.f. [from novel.]
1. Innovator; affertor of novelty.
Telefius, who hath renewed the philofophy of Parmenides,
is the beft of novslifs. Bacon’s Nat. Hif. N9. 69.
Ariftotle rofe.
Who nature’s fecrets to the world did teach,
Yet that great foul our novelifs impeach. Denham.
The fooleries of fome aftedled novelif have diferedited new
difeoveries. Glanv. Scepf.
2. A writer of novels.
Novelty, n.f. [nouveaute, French.J Newnefs; ftate of be¬
ing unknown to former times.
They which do nothing but that which men of account
did before them, are, although they do amifs, yet the lefs
faulty, becaufe they are not the authors of harm : and do¬
ing well, their actions are freed from prejudice or novelty.
Hooker, b.v. f. 7.
Novelty is only in requeft ; and it is dangerous to be
aged in any kind of courfe. Shake/. Meafure for Meafure.
As religion entertains our fpeculations with great objedls,
fo it entertains them with new ; and novelty is the great pa¬
rent of pleafure ; upon which account it is that men are fo
much pleafed with variety. South’s Sermons.
NOVEAIBER. n. f. [Latin.] The eleventh month of the
year, or the ninth reckoned from March, which was, when
the Romans named the months, accounted the firft.
November is drawn in a garment of changeable green, and
black upon his head. Peacham on Drawing.
No'venary. n.f. [novenarius, Latin.] Number of nine j
nine collectively.
, J
Ptolomy by parts and numbers implicth climadterical
years ; that is, feptenaries and novenarlcs. Brown’s V. Err.
Looking upon them as in their original differences and
combinations, and as feledled out of a natural flock of nine
quaternions, or four novenaries, their nature and differences
lie moft obvious to be underftood. Holder,
Nove'rcal. adj. [niverealis, from noverca, Latin. ] Having
the manner of a ftepmother; befeeming a ftepmother.
When the whole tribe of birds by incubation, produce
their young, it is a wonderful deviation, that fome few fa¬
milies fhould do it in a more novercal way. Derhatn.
Nought, n. /. [ne au]?t, not any thing, Saxon ; as therefore
we vviitc aught not ought for any thin?-, we’ fhould, according
18 h ' 0 t;
NOU
to analogy, write naught not nought, for nothing ; but a cu^j
tom has irreverfibly prevailed of uling naught for bad, and
nought for nothing.]
I.Not any thing; nothing.
In young Rinaldo fierce defires he fpy d,
And noble heart, of reft impatient, .
To wealth or fovereign power he nought apply tl. rairjax.
Who cannot fee this palpable device ?
Yet who fo bold, but fays he fees it not ?
Bad is the world, and it will come to nought,
When fuch ill dealings muft be feen in thought. Shake).
Such finding rogues as thefe footh- ev’ry paffion ;
Renege, affirm, and turn their halcyon beaks
With ev’ry gale and vary of their mafters.
As knowing nought, like dogs, but following. Shake],
Ye are of nothing, and your werk of nought. lj. xli. 24.
Be fruftrate all ye ftratagems of hell,
And devilifh machinations come to nought. Par. Keg.
2.To fet at nought; not to value ; to flight; to fcorn ; to dilregard.
NOW
°Ye *have fet at nought all my counfel, and would none of
my reproof. , . . J>rov‘ u 25'
No'vice. n.f [novice, French; novitius, Latin.]
I. One not acquainted with any thing; a frefh-man; one in
the rudiments of any knowledge.
Triple-twin’d whore ! ’tis thou
Haft fold me to this novice. Shakefp. Ant. andCleopat.
Brave plantagenet,
That princely novice was ftruck dead by thee. Shakefp.
Bring me to the fight of Ifabella,
A novice of this place. Shakef. Meafure for JVleaf.
You are novices; ’tis a world to fee
How tame, when men and women are alone,
A meacock wretch can make the curfteft fhrew- Shakef.
We have novices and apprentices, that the fucceffion of
the former employed men do not fail. # Bacon.
If any unexperienced young novice happens into the fatal
neighbourhood of fuch pefts, prefently they are plying his
full purfe and his empty pate. South’s Sermons,
I am young, a novice in the trade,
The fool of love, unpraCtis’d to perfuade ;
And want the Toothing arts that catch the fair.
But caught myfelf lie ftruggling in the fnare.
And fhe I love, or laughs at all my pain,
Or knows her worth too well, and pays me with difdain. Dry.
In thefe experiments I have fet down fuch circumftances
by which either the phenomenon might be rendered mote
confpicuous, or a novice might more eafily try them, or by
which I did try them only. Newt. Opt.
2. One who has entered a religious houfe, but not yet taken
the vow.
No'vitiate. n. f. [noviciat, French.]
j. The ftate of a novice; the time in which the rudiments are
learned. .
This is fo great a mafterpiece in fin, that he mult have
palled his tyrccinium or novitiate in finning, before he come
to this, be he never fo quick a proficient. South s Sermons.
2. The time fpent in a religious houfe, by way of trial, before
the vow is taken,
No'vity. n.f [novitasy Latin.] Newnefs; novelty.
Some conceive Ihe might not yet be certain, that only
man was privileged with fpeech, and being in the novity of
the creation and unexperience of all things, might not be
affrighted to hear a ferpent fpeak. Broivn s V. Err.
Noul. The crown of the head. See Noll. Spenfer.
Nould. Ne would; would not. . Spenfer.
Noun, n.f [nom, French; nomen, Latin.] The name of
any thing in grammar.
A noun is the name of a thing, whether fubftance, mode
or relation, which in fpeech is uled to fignify the fame when
there is occafion to affirm or deny any thing about it, or to
exprefs any relation it has in difeourfe to any other thing.
Clarke’s Lat. Grammar.
Thou haft men about thee, that ufually talk of a noun
and a verb, and fuch abominable words as no chriftian ear
can endure to hear. Shakefpcare’s Henry VI.
The boy, who fcarce has paid his entrance down,
To his proud pedant, or declin’d a noun. Dryden.
To NOILRISH. v. a. [nourrir, French ; nutria, Latin.]
1. To encreafe or fupport by food, or aliment of any kind.
He planteth an afh, and the rain doth nourijh it. If xliv. 14*
Thro’ her nourijh’d powers enlarg d by thee.
She fprings aloft. Dhotnjon s Summer.
2. To fupport; to maintain. .
Whilft I in Ireland nourijh a mighty band,
I will ftir up in England fome black ftorm. Shflkefpcare.
Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourifed him for her
own fon. AAs vii. 21.
3. To encourage ; to foment.
What madnefs was it with fuch proofs to nourijh their con¬
tentions, when there were fuch effectual means to end all
controverfy ? Hooker, />. ii. f 7-
In Toothing them, we nourifb ’gainft our icnate
The cockle ot rebellion. # .. U
Gorgias hired foldiers, and nourifed war continually with
. r ® 2 Mac, x. 14. the Jews.
a, i o train, or educate. . •/? »
4 Thou (halt b= a good minifter of Jefus Chnft, n,ur,Jh,i
up in the words of faith. . 1 T,m' *v\
I travel not, neither do I rwurijh up young men, nor bring
. . 1. xxm. 4.
up virgins. J
c. To promote growth or ftrength, as food. .
In vegetables there is one part more nourilhing than
another ;Das grains and roots nourijh more than their leaves.
Bacon s hat. rift. IN . 45.
To Nou'rish. v. n. To gain nourifhment, Unufual.
Fruit trees grow full of mofs, which is caufed partly by
the coliinefs of the ground, whereby the parts nourijh let's.
Bacon’s Natural Hijloryy N 9. 544.
Nou'rishable. adj. [from nourijh.] Sufceptive of nourifhme,rhe chyle is mixed herewith, partly for its better converfion into blood, and partly for its more ready adhefion to
all the nourifable parts. Grew s CofmoL b. 1. c.5.
Nou'risher. n.f. [from nourif.] The perfon or thing that
nourilhes. _ 01 1 r
Sleep, chief nourifer in life’s feaft. _ obakejpeare.
A reftorer of thy life, and a nourifer of thine old age.
Ruth iv. I g.
Milk warm from the cow is a great nourifer, and a good
remedy in confumptions. Bacon s Nat. Hijlory.
Bran and fwine’s dung laid up together to rot, is a very
great nourifer and comforter to a fruit tree. Bacon.
Pleafe to tafte
Thefe bountios, which our nourifer hath caus’d
The earth to yield. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. v.
Nourishment, n.f. [nouriffement, French.]
1. That which is given or received, in order to the fupport or
encreafe of growth or ftrength; food ; fuftenance; nutri¬
ment.
Vv hen the nourifment grows unfit to be affinnlated, or the
central heat grows too feeble to affimilate it, the motion ends
in confufion,&putrefaction, and death. Newt. Opt.
2. Nutrition ; fupport of ftrength.
By temperance taught.
In what thou eat’ft and drink’ft ; leeking from thence
Due nourifmenty no gluttonous delight. Milt. Par. Lojl.
3. Suftentation; fupply of things needful.
He inftru&eth them, that as in the one place they ufe to
refrefh their bodies, fo they may. in the other learn to feek
the nourifment of their fouls. Hooker, b. v.
No'ursling. n.f. The nurfe ; the jnurfling. Spenfer.
Nou'riture. n.f [nourriturey French : this was afterwards
contracted to nurture.] Education ; inftitution.
Thither the great magician Merlin came.
As was his ufe, oftimes to vifit me ;
For he had charge my difeipline to frame.
And tutors nouriture to overfee. Fairy Ahiecn, b. i.
To NOU'SEL. v. a. [The fame I believe with nuzzel, and
both, in their original import, corrupted from nurfle.~\ To
nurfe up.
Bald friars and knavifh fhavelings fought to noufel the com¬
mon people in ignorance, left being once acquainted with
the truth of things, they would in time fmell out the un¬
truth of their packed pelf and maffpenny religion. Spenf.
ToNou'sel. v.a. [nuzzUy noozle, noofe.~\ To entrap; enfnare ; ss in a noofe or trap. They nuzzle hogs to prevent
their digging.
NOW. adv. \jiUy Sax. nuny Germ.]
1. At this time ; at the time prefent.
Thy fervants trade hath been about cattle, from our youth
even until now. Gen. xlvi. 34.
The Lord (hall raife him up a king over Ifrael that day:
but what ? evennow. 1 Kings xiv. 14.
Refer all the aCtions of this fhort and dying life to that
ftate which will fhortly begin, but never have an end; and
this will approve itfelf to be wifdom at laft, whatever the
world judge of it now. Fillotfon.
Now that languages abound with words Handing for fuch
'combinations, an ufual way of getting thefe complex ideas,
is by the explication of thofe terms that ftand for them. Locke.
2. A little while ago.
Now the blood of twenty thoufand men
Did triumph in my face, and they are fled. Shakef.
How frail our paflions !
They that but now for honour and for plate,
Made the fea blufh, with blood refign their hate. iValier.
3. At one time or refpcCI; at another time.
Notv high, now low, now mafter up, now mifs. Pope.
4. It is fometimes a particle of cfcnne&ion, like the French ory
and Latin autem; as, if this be true, he is guilty; now this
is true, therefore he is guilty.
Now whatfoever he did or fuffered, the end thereof was
NOW N U L
to open the doors of the kingdom of heaven, which our ini¬
quities had lhut up. Hooker, L v. f. 44.
He leeks their hate with greater devotion than they can
render it him. Now to affect the malice of the people, is
as bad as that which he dillikes, to flatter them. Shakef
° Then cried they all again, laying, not this man but Barabbas; now Barabbas was a robber. St. John.
]STow by thefe numbers he implieth climadterical years. Bro.
Pheafants which are granivorous birds, the young live
niolily upon ants eggs. Now birds, being of a hot nature,
are very voracious, therefore there had need be an infinite
number of infects produced for their fultenance. Ray.
The other great and undoing mifehief which befals men,
is by their being mifreprelented. Now by calling evil good,
a man is mifreprefented to others in the way of Hander and
detraction. South’s Sermons.
Helim bethought himfelf, that the firft day of the full
moon of the month Tizpa, was near at hand. Notv it is a
received tradition among the Perfians, that the fouls of the
royal family, who are in a ftate of blifs, do, on the firft full
moon after their deceafe, pafs through the eaftern gate of
the black palace. Addifon's Guardian.
The praife of doing well
Is to the ear, as ointment to the fmell.
Now if fome fiies, perchance, however fmall
Into the alabafter urn Ihould fall,
The odours die. Prior.
The only motives that can be imagined of obedience to
laws, are either the value and certainty of rewards, or an
apprehenlion of juftice and feverity. Notv neither of thefe,
exclufive of the other, is the true principle of our obedience
to God. Rogers, Serm. 1.
A human body a forming in fuch a fluid in any imaginable
pofture, will never be reconcilable to this hydroftatical law.
There will be always fomething lighter beneath, and fomething heavier above. Now what can make the heavier particles
of bone afeend above the lighter ones of flefh, or deprefs
thefe below thofe, againft the tendency of their own nature.
Bentley’s Sermons.
5. After this ; fince things are fo, in familiar fpeech.
How fhall any man diftinguifh now betwixt a parafite and
a man of honour, where hypocrify and intereft look fo like
duty and affeHion ? LEJlrange.
6. Now and then ; at one time and another uncertainly. This
word means, with regard to time, what is meant by here
and there, with refpect to place.
Now and then they ground themfelves on human authority,
even when they moll pretend divine. Hooker, b. ii. f. 7.
Now and then fomething of extraordinary, that is any
thing of your produ&ion, is requifite to refrefh your chara&er. _ Dryden.
A rhoft .effedtual argument againft fpontaneous generation
is, that there are no new fpecies produced, which would now
and then happen, were there any fuch thing. Ray.
He who refolves to walk by the gofpel rule of forbearing
all revenge, will have opportunities every now and then to
exercife his forgiving temper. Atterbury.
They now and then appear in the offices of religion, and
avoid fome fcandalous enormities. Rogers, Serm. 13.
Now. n.f. Prefent moment.
Nothing is there to come, and nothing paft,
But an eternal now does ever laft. Cozvley.
She vanifh’d, we can fcarcely fay fhe dy’d,
For but a now did heav’n and earth divide :
This moment perfect health, the next was death. Dryden.
Not lefs ev’n in this defpicable now.
Than when my name fill’d Africk with affrights. Dryden.
Nowadays, adv. [This word, though common and ufed by
the beft writers, is perhaps barbarous.] In the prefent age.
Not fo great as it was wont of yore.
It’s nowadays, re half fo ftraight and fore. Hubbefd.
Reafon and love keep little company together nowadays.
Shakefpeare's Midfummer's N. Dream.
It was a vefta! and a virgin fire, and differed as much from
that which paftes by this name nowadays, as the vital heat
from the burning of a fever. South's Sermons.
Such are thofe principles, which by reafon of the bold
cavils of perverfe and unreafonable men, we are nowadays
put to defend. Tillotfon, Serm. 1.
What men of fpirit nowadays.
Brown's V. Err.
marriage knot.
Come to give fober judgment of new plays. Garrick's Ep.
No'wed. ad). [none,, French.] Knotted ; inwreathed.
Reuben is conceived to bear three barres waved, Judah a
lion rampant, Dan a ferpent nowed.
Nowes. n.f. [from nou, old JTench.] I he
Out of ufe. .
Thou {halt look round about and fee
Thoufands of crown’d fouls throng to be
Themfelves thy crown, fons of thy nowes
The virgin births w'ith which thy fpoufc
Made fruitful thy fair foul. Crajhaw.
No'where. adv. [no and where.] Not in any place.
Some men, of whom we think very reverendly, have ih
their books and writings nowhere mentioned or taught that
fuch things Ihould he in the church. Hooker, b. ii.
True pleafure and perfect freedom are nowhere to be found
but in the practice of virtue. Tillotfon, Serm. 28.
No'wise. n.f. [no and wife: this is commonly fpoken and
written by ignorant barbarians, noways.] Not in any man¬
ner or degree.
A power of natural gravitation* without contadt or im*
pulfe, can in nowife be attributed to mere matter. Bentley.
NO'XIOUS. ad). [noxius, Latin.]
1. Hurtful; harmful * baneful; mifchievous ; drftrueftive ; per¬
nicious ; uiiwholibme.
Preparation and corredtiori, is not only by addition of
other bodies, but reparation of noxious parts from their own.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
Kill noxious creatures, where ’tis fin to fave.
This only juft prerogative we have. Dryden.
See pale Orion fheds unwholfome dews,
Arife, the pines a noxious fhade diffufe ;
Sharp Boreas blows, and nature feels decay,
Time conquers all, and we muft time obey. Pope.
Too frequent an appearance in places of much refort,
is noxious to fpiritual promotions* Swift's Mifccll.
2. Guilty ; criminal.
Thofe wrho are noxious in the eye of the law, are juftly
punifhed by them to whom the execution, of the law is com¬
mitted. Bramhall againjl Hobbs.
No'xiousness. n.f. [from noxious.] Hurtfulnefs; infalubrity.
The writers of politicks have warned us of the noxioufnefs
of this doeftrine to all civil governments, which the chriftian
religion is very far from difturbing. Hammond.
No'xiously. adv. [from noxious.] Hurtfully; pernicioufly.
No'zle. n.f. [from nofe.~\ The nofc; the fnout; the end.
It is nothing but a pauhry old fconce, with the nozle broke
off. Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scrib.
To NiPbble. v. a. To bruife with handy cuffs. Ainf
Nuciferous, ad), [nubifer, Latin.] Bringing clouds. DiJ.
To Nu'bilate. v. a. [nubilo, Latin.] To cloud. Didf.
Nu'bile. adj. [nubile, Fr. nubilis, Latin.] Marriageable; fit,
for marriage.
The cowflip fmiles, in brighter yellow dreft,
Than that which veils the nubile virgin’s breaft. Prior.
Nuciferous, adj. [nuces andfero, Latin.] Nutbearing. Di£l.
NUCLEUS, n.f [Latin.] A kernel; any thing about which
matter is gathered or conglobated.
The crufts are each in all parts nearly of the fame thicknefs, their figure fuited to the nucleus, and the outer furface
of the ftone exadtly of the fame form with that of the nu¬
cleus. Woodward on Fojfils.
NuTation. n.f. [nudation nudo, Latin.] Theadtof making
bare or naked.
Nu'dity. n.f. [nudite,Yv. nudus, Latin.] Naked parts.
There are no fuch licences permitted in poetry any more
than in painring, to delign and colour obfeene nudities. Dryd.
Nu'el* See Newel.
NugaCity. n.f. [nugacis, Latin.] Futility; trifling talk or
behaviour.
Nuga'tion. n. f. [ nugor, Latin. ] The adl or pradlice of
trifling.
The received opinion, that putrefadlion is caufed either by
cold, or peregrine and preternatural heat, is but nugation.
Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
NuTatory. adj. [nugatorius, Latin.] Trifling; futile; iniignificant.
Some great men of the laft age, before the mechanical
philofophy was revived, were too much addidted to this nu¬
gatory art: when occult quality, and fympathy and antipathy
were admitted for fatisfadtory explications of things. Bentley.
Nuisance, n.f. [nuifance, French.]
1. Something noxious or offenftve.
This is the liar’s lot, he is accounted apeft and a nuifance;
a perfon marked out for infamy and fcorn. * South's Serm.
A wife man who does not affift with his counfels, a rich
man with his charity, and a poor man with his labour, are
perfedt nuifances in a commonwealth. Swift's Mifcell,
2. [In law.] Something that incommodes the neighbourhood.
To Null. v. a. [nullus, Latin.] T. o annul; to annihilate^
to deprive of efficacy or exiftence.
Thy fair enchanted cup, and warbling charms,
No more on me have power, their force is null'd. Milt.
Reafon hath the power of nulling or governing all other
operations of bodies. Grew's Cofmol. b. ii.
Null, adj. [radius, Latin.] Void; of no force ; ineffedlual.
With what impatience muft the mufe behold
The wife, by her procuring hufband fold ?
For tho’ the law makes null th’ adulterer’s deed
Of lands to her, the cuckold may fucceed. Dryden.
'Fhe pope’s confirmation of the church lands to thofe who
hold them by king Henry’s donation, was null and fraudulent.
Swift's Mifell.
Null.
N U M
Null. ti.f. Something of no power, or no meaning. Marks
in cipf-Tred writing which {land for nothing, and are inferted
only to puzzle, are called nulls.
If part of the people be fomewhat in the election, you
cannot make them nulls or ciphers in the privation or tran¬
sition. Bacon's TVar with Spain.
Nullibi'ety. n.f [from nullibiy Latin.] I he Hate of being
nowhere.
To Nu'llify. v. a. [from tiul/us, Latin. J To annul; to
make void.
Nu'llity. n.f [nullitc, French.]
f. Want of force or efficacy.
It can be no part of my bufinefs to overthrow this diftinction, and to fhew the nullity of it; which has been folidly
done by moil of our polemick writers. South's Sermons.
The jurifdidion is opened by the party, in default of juftice from the ordinary, as by appeals or nullities. Aylijfc.
2.Want of exiftence.
A hard body {truck again!! another hard body, will yield
an exteriour found, in fo much as if the percuffion be over
loft, it may induce a nullity of found ; but never an interiour
found. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
NUMB. adj. [benumen, benumbed, Saxon.]
1. Torpid ; deprived in a great meafure of the power of mo¬
tion and fenfation; chill ; motionlefs.
Like a ftony ftatue, cold and numb. Shakefpeare.
Leaning long.upon any part maketh it numb and afleep ;
for that the compreffion of the part fuffereth not the fpirits
to have free accefs ; and therefore when we come out of it,
we feel a flinging or pricking, which is the re-entrance of
the fpirits. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
2. Producing chillnefs ; benumbing.
When we both lay in the field.
Frozen almoll to death, how he did lap me
Ev’n in his garments, and did give himfelf
All thin and naked to the numb cold night. Shake/.
To Numb. v. a. To make torpid ; to make dull of motion
or fenfation ; to deaden ; to flupify.
Bedlam beggars, with roaring voices
Strike in their numb’d and mortify’d bare arms.
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, fprigs of rofemary ;
And with this horrible objedt, from low farms,
Inforce their charity. Shake/ K. Lear.
She can unlock
The clafping charm, and thaw the numbing fpell. Milt.
Plough naked, fwain, and naked fow the land.
For lazy winter numbs the lab’ring hand. Dryden.
Nought {hall avail
The pleafing fong, or well repeated tale,
When the quick fpirits their warm march forbear.
And numbing coldnefs has unbrac’d, the ear. Prior.
The fool numbs me like the torpor. Bolingb. to Swift.
Nu'mbedness. n.f. [from numbed.] Torpor; interruption of
fenfation.
If the nerve be quite divided, the pain is little, only a
kind of flupor or numbednefs. Wifeman's Surgery.
To NU'MBER. v. a. [,nojnbrer, French ; numeroy Latin.]
1. To count; to tell; to reckon how many.
If a man can number the dull of the earth, then fhall thy
feed alfo be numbered. Gen. xiii. 16.
Number them by their armies. Numbers i. 3.
I will number you to the fword. If. Ixv. 12.
The gold, the veil, the tripods number'd o’er.
All thefe he found. Pope's Odyffey, b. 13.
2. To reckon as one of the fame kind.
He was numbered with the tranfgreflors, and bare the fin
of many. If. liii. 12.
Nu'mber. n.f \nombrey French; numeruSy Latin.]
1. The fpecies of quantity by which it is computed how many.
Hye thee, from this ilaughter-houfe.
Left thou increafe the number of the dead. Sha. Rich. III.
The filver, the gold, and the veffels, were weighed by
number and by weight. Ezra viii. 34.
Thou {halt take a few in number, and bind them in thy
fkirts. Ezek. v. 3.
T here is but one gate for flrangers to enter at, that it may
be known what numbers of them are in the town. Addifcn.
2. Any particular aggregate of units, as even or odd.
This is the third time ; I hope good luck lies in odd num¬
bers: they fay there is divinity in odd numbers, either in na¬
tivity, chance, or death. Shakefp. M. IV. of Wind.
3. Many ; more than one.
Much of that we are to fpeak may feem to a number per¬
haps tedious, perhaps obfeure, dark, and intricate. Hooker.
Water lilly hath a root in the ground ; and fo have a num¬
ber ok other herbs that grow in ponds. Bacon.
Ladies are always oi great ufe to the party they efpoufe,
and nevei fail to win over numbers. Addijon.
4. Multitude that may be counted.
C f him came nations and tribes out of nutnber. 2 Efd. iii. 7.
Loud as from numbers without number. Milton.
5. Comparative multitude.
A umber ltfeli impoiteth not much in armies, where the
• N U M
people are of weak courage: for, as Virgil fays, it never
troubles a wolf how many the fheep be. Bacon.
6. Aggregated multitude.
It you will, fome few of you (hall fee the place ; and then
you may fend for your lick, and the ref! of your mimbery
which ye will bring on land. Bacon's N. Atlantis.
7. Harmony ; proportions calculated by number.
They, as they move
Their Harry dance in numbers that compute
Days, months, ancT years, tow’rds his all-chearing lamp,
Turn fwift. Milton.
8. Verfes; poetry.
Should the mufes bid my numbers roll
Strong as their charms. Pope.
9. [In grammar.]
In the noun is the variation or change of termination to
fignify a number more than one. When men firfl invented
names, their application was to fingle things; but foon find¬
ing it necefiary to fpeak of feveral things of the fame kind
together, they found it likewife necefiary to vary or alter the
noun. Clark's Lat. Grammar.
How many numbers is in nouns ? —
— Two. Shakefp. Merry TV. of JVhidfor.
Nu'meerer. n.f. [from number.] He who numbers.
Nu'mberless. adj. [from number.] Innumerable; more than
can be reckoned.
I forgive all;
There cannot be thofe numberlefs offences
’Gainft me. Shakefpeare.
About his chariot numberlefs were pour’d
Cherub and feraph. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Deferts fo great.
Though numberlefsy I never fhall forget. Denham.
The foul converles with manberlefs beings of her own crea¬
tion. Adelifon's Spectator, Nc. 488.
He travels then a hundred leagues.
And fuffers numberlefs fatigues. Swift's MifcelL
Nu'mbles. n.f [notables, Fr.] The entrails of a deer. Bailey.
Nu'mbness. n.f. [from numb.] Torpor; interruption of ac¬
tion or fenfation ; deadnefs ; flupefadion.
Stir, nay, come away;
Bequeath to death your nwtibnefs; for from him
Dear life redeems you. Shakef. Winter's Tale.
’Till length of years
And fedentary numbnefs craze my limbs
To a contemptible old age obfeure. Milt. Agon.
Cold nuinbnefs {trait bereaves
Her corps of fenfe, and th’ air her foul receives. Denham.
Silence is worfc than the fierce!! and loudelt accufations ;
fince it may proceed from a kind of numbnefs or flupidity of
confidence, and an abfolute dominion obtained by fin over
the foul, fo that it fhall not fo much as dare to complain, or
make a ffir. South's Sermons.
Nu'merable. adj. [numerabilis, Latin.] Capable to be num¬
bered.
Numeral, adj. [numeraly Fr. from numeruSy Latin.] Relating
to number ; confifting of number.
Some who cannot retain the feveral combinations of num¬
bers in their diftincf orders, and the dependance of fo long
a train of numeral progreffions, are not able all their life time
regularly to go over any moderate feries of numbers. Locke.
Nu'merally. adv. [from numeral.] According to number.
The blalfs and undulary breaths thereof, maintain no cer¬
tainty in their courfe; nor are they numerally fear’d by na¬
vigators. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vii.
Nu'merary. adj. [numeruSy Lat.] Any thing belonging to a
certain number.
A fupernumerary canon, when he obtains a prebend, be¬
comes a numerary canon. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Numeration, n. f. [numeration, Fr. numeratioy Latin.] °
1. The art of numbering.
Numeration is but Hill the adding of one unite more, and
giving to the whole a new name or fign, whereby to know
it from thofe before and after. Locke.
2. Number contained.
In the legs or organs of progreffion in animals, we may obferve an equality of length, and parity of numeration. Brown.
3. I he lule ol arithmetick which teaches the notation of num¬
bers, and method of reading numbers regularly noted.
NUMERATOR, n.f [Latin.]
1. He that numbers.
2. [Numerateur, Fr.] That number which ferves as the common
meafure to others.
Numerical, adj. [from numerus, Latin.]
1. Numeral; denoting number ; pertaining to numbers.
T he numerical characters are helps to the memory, to re¬
cord and retain the feveral ideas about which the demonltration is made. Locke.
2. The fame not only in kind or fpecies, but number.
Contemplate upon his aftonilhing works, particularly in
the refurredion and reparation of the lame numerical body,
by a re-union of all the fcattcred parts. South.
7 Numerically.
N U P
Numerically, adv. [from numerical. ] Rcfpe&ing fanicnefs in number.
I mult think it improbable, that the fulphur of antimony
would be but numerically different from the diftillcd butter or
oil of rofes. Boyle.
Nu'merist. n.f. [from numerus> Latin.] One that deals in
numbers.
We cannot affign a refpe&ive fatality unto each which is
concordant unto the dodtrine of the numerijh. Brown.
NuMERo'sity. n.f [from numerofus, Latin.]
j. Number; the ftate of being numerous.
Of affertion it numerojity of alTerters were a fufficient demonftration, vve might lit down herein as an unqueftionable truth. Brown's V. Errours.
2. Harmony; numerous flow.
N'uMF.ROus. ad). [numerofus, Latin.]
1. Containing many ; conlifting of many; not few ; many.
Queen Elizabeth was not fo much obferved for having a
numerous, as a wife council. Bacon.
We reach our foes,
Who now appear fo numerous and bold. Waller.
2. Harmonious; confifting of parts rightly numbered; melo¬
dious ; mufical.
Thy heart, no ruder than the rugged ffone,
I might, like Orpheus, with my num'rous moan
Melt to compaflion. Waller.
His verfes are fo numerous, fo various, and fo harmonious,
that only Virgil, whom he proreffedly imitated, has furpafled
him. Dryden.
Nu'merousness. n.f. [from numerous.]
1. The quality of being numerous.
2. Harmony ; muficalnefs.
That which will diftinguifh his ffyle is, the numeroufnefs
of his verfe. There is nothing fo delicately turned in all the
Roman language. Dryden.
Nummary, adj. [from nummus, Latin.] Relating to money.
The money drachma in procefs of time decrealed ; but all
the while the ponderal drachma continued the fame, juft as
our ponderal libra remains as it was, though the nummary
hath much decreafed. Arbutknot on Coins:
Nu'mmular. adj. [nummularius, Latin.] Relating to money.
Dia.
Nu'mskull. n.f. [Probably from numb, dull, torpid, infenfible, and Jkull.]
X. A dullard ; a dunce; a dolt; a blockhead.
* Or toes and fingers, in this cafe.
Of Numfkulls felf fhould take the place. Prior.
2. The head. In burlefque.
They have talked like numfkulls. Arb. and Pope.
Nu'mskulled. adj. [from numfkuil.] Dull; ftupid ; doltifh.
Hocus has faved that clod-pated, numfkulled, ninnyhammer of yours from ruin, and all his family. J. Bull.
Nun. n.f. A woman dedicated to the feverer duties of re¬
ligion, fecluded in a cloifter from the world, and debarred
by a vow from the converfe of men.
My daughters
Shall be praying nuns, not weeping queens. Shakefp.
The molt blooming toaft in the ifland might have been a
nun. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 4.
Ev’ry fhepherd was undone,
To fee her cloifter’d like a nun. Swift's Mifcell.
Nun. n.f A kind of bird. Ainfworth.
Nu'nciature. n. f [from nuncio, Latin.] The office of a
nuncio.
NUNCIO. n.f. [Italian, from nuncio, Latin.]
1. A meflenger ; one that brings tidings.
She will attend it better in thy youth
Than in a nuncio of more grave afpeCE Shakefpcare.
They honoured the nuncios of the fpring; and we find the
. Rhodians had a folemn fongto welcome in the fwallow. Bro.
2. A kind of fpiritual envoy from the pope.
This man was honoured with the character of nuncio
to the Venetians. Atterbury.
Nu'nchion. n.f. A piece of vidtuals eaten between meals.
Laying by their lwords and trunchions.
They took their breakfafts or their nunchions. Hud.
Nuncupative. ) adj. [ nuncupate, Lat. nuncupctif, Fr. 1
Nuncupa'tory. J Publickly or folemnly declaratory; ver¬
bally pronounced.
Nu'ndinal. ) adj. [nundinal, Fr. from nundince, Lat.] BeNUNDINARY. s longing to fairs. £>/#.
Nu'nnery. n.f. [from nun.] A houfe of nuns; of women
under a vow of chaftity, dedicated to the feverer duties of
religion.
I put your After into a nunnery, with a ftridt command not
to fee you, for fear you fhould have wrought upon her to
have taken the habit. Dryden’s Spanijh Friar.
NU'PTIAL. adj. [ nuptial, French ; nuptialis, Latin.] Per¬
taining to marriage; conftituting marriage; ufedor done in
marriage.
Confirm that amity
N U R
With nuptial knot, if thou vouchfafe to grant *
Bona to England’s king. Shakefp
. Becaufe propagation of families proceeded from the nup¬
tial copulation, I deiired to know of him what laws and cuftoms they had concerning marriage. Bacon.
Then all in heat
They light the nuptial torch. Milton's Paradife Lofl.
Whoever will partake of God’s fecrets, muff firft pare off'
whatfoever is amifs, and not eat of this facrifice with a de¬
filed head, nor come to this feaft without a nuptial garment.
Taylor.
Fir’d with her love, and with ambition led,
The neighb ring princes court her nuptial bed. Dryden.
Let our eternal peace be feal’d by this,
t Whth the firft ardour of a nuptial kifs. Dryd. Aurcngzebe.
Nu ptials. n.f like the Latin without Angular. \nuptics^ Lat.J
Marriage.
This is the triumph of the nuptial day,
My better nuptials, which in fpite of fate.
For ever join me to my dear Morat. Dryd. Aurengz.
2. It is in Shakefpeare fingular, but contrarily to ufe.
Lift up your countenance, as ’twere the day
Of celebration of that nuptial, which
tWO have fWOrn fila11 COme- Shakef W‘ NURSE, n. f. \nourrice, French.]
1. A woman that has the care of another’s child.
Unnatural curiofity has taught all women, but the beggar,
to nnd out nurfes, which neceffity only ought te commend.
Raleigh’s Hiflory of the World.
2. A woman that has care of a fick perfon.
Never mafter had,
A page fo kind, fo duteous, diligent,
So teat, fo nurje-like. Shakefp. .Cymbeline.
One Mrs. Quickly, which is in the manner of his 'nurfe,
or his dry nurfe or his cook. Shakef. M. W. of Wind.
3. One who breeds, educates, or proteCis.
Rome, the nurje of judgment,
Invited by your noble lelf, hath fent
One general tongue unto us. Shakef. Flenry VIII.
We muft lofe
The country, our dear nurfe, or elfe thy perfon,
Our comfort in the country. Shakejp. Comdlanus.
4. An old woman in contempt.
Can tales more fenlelefs, ludicrous, and vain,
By winter-fires old nurfes entertain ? Blackmore.
5- The ftate of being nurfed.
Can wedlock know fo great a curie.
As putting hufbands out to nurfe ? Cleaveland.
6. In compoiition, any thing that lupplies food.
Put into your breeding pond three melters for one fpawner;
but if into a nurfe pond or feeding pond, then no care is to
be taken. Walton's Angler.
To Nurse, v. a. [ from the noun, or by contraction from
nourijh; nourrir, Fr.]
1. To bring up a child not one’s own.
Shall 1 call a nurfe of the Hebrew women, that the may
nurfe the child? £x\ jp -
2. To bring up any thing young.
I was nurfed in fwaddling cloaths with cares. Wfd. vii. 7.
Him in Egerian groves Aricia bore,
And nurs'd his youth along the marfhy fhore. Dryden.
3. To feed; to keep ; to maintain.
Thy daughters fhall be nurfed at thy fide. If lx. 4.
The Nifeans in their dark abode.
Nurdd fecretly with milk the thriving God. Addifon.
4. To tend the fick.
5. To pamper; to foment; to encourage; to foften ; to cherifh.
And what is ftrength, but an effeCt of youth, which if
time nurfe, how can it ever ceafe ? Davies.
By what fate has vice fo thriven amongft us, and by what
hands been nurs'd up into fo uncontrouled a dominion ?
Locke on Education.
Our monarchs were acknowledged here,
, That they their churches nurfmg fathers were. Denham.
Nu'rser. n. f. [from nurfe.~\
1. One that nurfes.
See where he lies, inherfed in the arms
Of the moft bloody nurfer of his harms. Shakefp.
2. A promoter; a fomenter.
Nu'rsery. n.f [from nurfe.']
1. The ad or office of nurfing.
I lov’d her moft, and thought to fet my reft
On her kind nurfery. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
2. That which is the objeCI of a nurfe’s care.
She went forth among her fruits and flow’rs
To vifit how they profper’d, bud and bloom
Her nurfery : they at her coming fprung,
And touch d by her fair tendance gladlier grew. Milton.
3. A plantation of young trees to be tranfplanted to other ground.
Your nurfery of flocks ought to be in a more barren ground
than the ground is whereunto you remove them. Bacon.
18 I My
NUT NUT
My paper is a kind of “nurfery for authors, and fome who
have made a good figure here, will hereafter flourifh under
their own names. Addifons Guard.
4.. Place where young children are nurfed and brought up.
I’ th’ fwathing cloaths, the other from their nurfery
Were ftol’n. Shakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
You fee before you the fpeftacle of a Plantagenet, who
hath been carried from the nurfery to the fanftuary, from the
fan&uary to the direful prifon, from the prifon to the hand
of the cruel tormentor, and from that hand to the wide wildernefs; for fo the world hath been to me. Bacon.
. forthwith the devil did appear.
Not in the fhape in which he plies
At mifs’s elbow when fhe lies ;
Or ftands before the nurs’ry doors.
To take the naughty boy that roars. Prior.
They have public nurferies, where all parents are obliged
to fend their infants to be educated. Gull. Tray.
5. The place or ftate where any thing is foftered or brought up,
from a nurfery of children, or whence any thing is to be re ¬
moved from a nurfery of trees.
This keeping of cows is of itfelf a very idle life, and a
fit nurfery for a thief. Spenfer on Ireland.
To fee fair Padua, nurfery of arts,
I am arriv’d from fruitful Lombardy. Shakefpeare.
A luxurious court is the nurfery of difeafes ; it breeds them,
it encourages, nourifhes, and entertains them. L'Efrange.
A nurfery ereffs its head.
Where queens are form’d and future heroes bred;
Where unfledg’d adtors learn to laugh and cry. Dryden.
Nu'rsUNG. n.f [from nurfe.] One nurfed up j a fondling.
Then was fhe held in fovereign dignity,
And made the nurfling of nobility. Spenfer.
I was his nurfing once, and choice delight.
His deftin’d from the Womb. Milt. Agonifes.
In their tender nonage, while they fpread
Their fpringing leaves and lift their infant head.
Indulge their childhood, and the nurfing fpare. Dryden.
NU'RTURE. n. f [contracted from nourriture, French.J
1. Food j diet.
For this did th’ angel twice defeend ?
Ordain’d thy nurture holy, as of a plant
Seledt and facred. Milton’s Agonifles.
2. Education; inftitution. Little ufed.
She fhould take order for bringing bp of wards in good
nurture, not fuffer them to come into bad hands. Spenfer.
The thorny point
Of bare diftrefs, hath ta’en from me the fhew
Of fmooth civility ; yet am I inland bred.
And know fome nurture. Shakef As you like it.
To Nu'rture. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To educate j to train; to bring up.
Thou broughteft it up with thy righteoufnefs, and nurturedf it in thy law, and reformedft it with thy judgment.
2 Efdr. viii. 12.
He was nurtured whefe he had been born in his firft ru¬
diments, till the years of ten. Wotton.
When an infolent defpifer of difeipline, nurtured into im¬
pudence, fhall appear before a church governour, feverity and
refolution are that governour’s virtues. South.
2. To nurture up ; to bring by care and food to maturity.
They fuppofe mother earth to be a great animal, and
to have nurtured up her young offspring with a confcious
tendernefs. Bentley’s Serm.
To Nu'stle. v. a. To fondle j to cherifh. Corrupted from
nurfe. Ainf.
NUT. n. f. [hnur, Saxon ; wot, Dutch ; noix, Fr.]
1. The fruit of certain trees; it confifts of a kernel covered by
a hard fhell. If the (hell and kernel are in the center of a
pulpy fruit, they then make not a nut but a ftone.
One chanc’d to find a nut
In the end of which a hole was cut,
Which lay upon a hazel-root.
There fcatter’d by a fquirrel;
Which out the kernel gotten had ;
When quoth this Fay, dear queen be glad.
Let Oberon be ne’er fo mad,
I’ll fet you fafe from peril. Drayt. Nymphid.
Nuts are hard of digeftion, yet poffefs fome good medici¬
nal qualities. Arbuthnot ou Aliments.
2. A fmall body with teeth, which correfpond with the teeth
of wheels.
1 he force of this faculty may be more conveniently ufed
by the multiplication of feveral wheels, together with nuts
belonging unto each, that arc ufed for the roafting of meat.
IVilkin’s Mathem. Magick.
Clocks and jacks, though the ferews and teeth of the
wheels and nuts be never fo lmooth, yet if they be not oiled,
will hardly move. Ray on the Creation.
Ny'TBRowN. adj. [nut and brown.] Brown like a nutkept long.
Young and pld come forth to play,
Till the live-long daylight fail.
Then to the fpicy nutbrown ale. Milton’s Poems.
When this nutbrown fword was out,
With ftomach huge he laid about. Hudibras, p. i.
Two milk-white kids run frifking by her fide.
For which the nutbrown lafs, Erithacis,
Full often offer’d many a favoury kifs. Dryden.
King Hardicnute, midft Danes and Saxons ftout,
Carous’d in nutbrown ale, and din’d on grout. Azy^-.
Nutcrackers, n. f. [nut and crack.] An inftrument ufed
to enclofe nuts and break them by prefi’ure.
Fie caft every , human feature out of his countenance, and
became a pair of nutcrackers. , Addifon s Spectator.
Nu'tgall. n.f. [nut and gall.] Excrefcence of an oak.
In vegetable excretions, maggots terminate in flies of conftant fhapes, as in the nutgalls of the outlandifh oak. Brown.
Nuthatch. 1
Nu'tjobber. > n.f. A bird. Ainf.
Nu'tpecker.
NuYhook. n. f [nut and hook.] A flick with a hook at the
end to pull down boughs that the nuts may be gathered.
Nuthook, Nuthook, you lie. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Nu'tmeg. n.f. [nut and muguet, French.]
The nutmeg is a kernel of a large fruit not unlike the peach*
and feparated from that and from its inveftient coat, the mace
before it is fent over to us; except that the whole fruit is
fometimes fent over in preferve, by way of fweet-meat or
as a curiofity. The nutmeg is of a roundifh or oval figure,
of a compact or firm texture, and its furface furrowed : it
is of an extremely agreeable fmell and an aromatick tafie.
There are two kinds of nutmeg; the male which is long and
cylindrical, but it has lefs of the fine aromatick flavour than
the female, which is of the fhape of an olive. The Dutch
import the nutmegs and mace from the Eafl-Indies, and lupply all Europe with them. The tree which produces them
is not unlike our pear-tree in its manner of growth: its leaves,
whether green or dried, have, when bruifed, a very fragrant
fmell j and the trunk or branches, cut or broken off, yield
a red liquor like blood. This tree is carefully cultivated.
But that which produces the male nutmeg grows wild in the
mountainous parts of the Moluccas. Nutmeg is much ufed
in our foods, and is of excellent virtues as a medicine. Hill.
The fecond a dry and flofculous coat, commonly called
inace ; the fourth a kernel included in the fhell, which lieth
under the mace, is the fame we call nuttneg. Brown s V. Err.
I to my pleafant gardens went,
Where nutmegs breathe a fragrant feent. Sandys.
Nu'tshell. n.f [nut and fell.] The hard fubftance that inclofes the kernel of the nut.
I could be bounded in a nutjhef and count myfelf a king
of infinite fpace. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet.
A fox had me by the back, and a thoufand pound to a
nutfoell, I had never got off again. L’Efrange.
It feems as eafy to me, to have the idea of fpace empty of
body, as to think of the hollow of a nutfoell without a kernel* Locke.
Nu'ttree. n.f. [nut and tree.] A tree that bears nuts ; ahazle.
Of trees you fhall have the nuttree and the oak. Peacham.
Like beating nuttrees, makes a larger crop. Dryden.
Nutrica'tion. n.f. [;nutricatio, Lat.J Manner of feeding or
being fed.
Beiides the teeth, the tongue of this animal is a fecond
argument to overthrow this airy nutrication« Broivn
NU’TRIMENT* n.f. [ nutrimentum, Latin. ] That which
feeds or nourifhes ; food j aliment.
This Have
Has my lord’s meat in him,
sWhy ftiould it thrive and turn to nutriment ? Shakefp.
The ftomach returns what it has received, in ftreneth and
nutriment, diffufed into all the parts of the body. & South.
Does not the body thrive and grow.
By food of twenty years ago l
And is not virtue in mankind.
The nutriment that feeds the mind ? Swift’s Mifell.
NutRime'ntal. adj. [from nutriment.] Having the qualities
of food j aliinental.
By virtue of this oil vegetables are nutrimental, for this
oil is extra&ed by animal digeftion as an emulfion. Arb.
Nutri'tion. n.f [from nutritio, nutric, Lat. nutrition, Fr.]
The a£t or quality of nourifhing, fupporting ftrength, or encreafing growth.
New parts are added to our fubftance to fupply our con¬
tinual decayings; nor can we give a certain account how
the aliment is fo prepared for fiutrition, or by what mechanifm it is fo regularly diftributed. Glanv. Scepf. c. iii.
The obftru£tion of the glands of the mefentery is a great
impediment to nutrition j for the lymph in thofe glands is a
neceffary conftituent of the aliment before it mixeth with
the blood. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Fix’d like a plant on his peculiar fpot.
To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. Pope;
Nutritious*
N U Z
Nutritious, adj. [from nutria, Latin.] Having the quality
of nourifhing.
O may’ft thou often fee
Thy furrows whiten’d by the woolly rain
Nutritious / fecret nitre lurks within. Philips.
The heat equal to incubation is only nutritious; and the
nutritious juice itfelf refembles the white of an egg in all its
qualities. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Nu'tritive. adj. [from nutrio, Latin.] Nourifhing; nutrimental; alimental.
Nu'triture. «./. [ from nutrio, Latin. ] The power of
nourifhing.
Never make a meal of flefh alone, have fome other meat
with it of lets nutriture. Harvey on Confump.
ToNu'zzle. v. a. [This word, in its original fignification,
feems corrupted from nurjle ; but when its original meaning
was forgotten, writers fuppofed it to come from nozzle or nofe,
and in that fenfe ufed it.]
I. To nurfe; to fofter.
Old men long nuzzled in corruption, fcorning them that
would feek reformation. Sidney.
NYS
2. To go with the nofe down like a hog.
He charged through an army of lawyers, fometimes with
fword in hand, at other times nuzzling like an eel in the
mud. Arbuthnot's John Bull.
Sir Roger fhook his ears, and nuzzled along, well fatisfied
that he was doing a charitable work. Arb. J. Bull.
The blefTed benefit, not there confin’d,
Drops to the third, who nuzzles dole behind. Pope.
Nymph, n.f. [vujw.(p>i; nympha, Lat.]
1. A goddefs of the woods, meadows, or waters.
And as the moifture which the thirfly earth
Sucks from the fea, to fill her empty veins,
From out her womb at laft doth take a birth.
And runs a nymph along the grafly plains. Davies.
2. A lady. In poetry.
This refolve no mortal dame,
None but thofe eyes cou’d have o’erthrown ;
The nymph I dare not, need not name. Waller.
Nys. [A corruption of ne is.] None is ; not is. Obfolete.
Thou findeft fault, where nys to be found.
And buildeffc ftrong work upon a weak ground. Spenfer.
JSjf
,. . . -.,-f 7 }t . : ‘
U . , A • , u • Uftkr.c jCr V. f«
\
o.
ri
OAK OAR
I.
Drayt. Nympbid.
Has in Ertglifh a long found ; as, drone, groan, Jlone,
alone, cloke, broke, coal, droll; or fhort, got, knot,
Jhot, prohg, long. It is ufually denoted long by
a fervile a fubjoined ; as, moan, or by e at the
end of the lyllable; as, bone: when thefe vowels
are not appended, it is generally fhort, except before ll ; as,
droll, fcroll, and even then fometimes fhort; as, loll.
O is ufed as an interjection of wifhing or exclamation.
0 that we, who have refilled all the defigns of his love,
would now try to defeat that of his anger ! Decay oj' Piety.
0 ! were he prefent, that his eyes and hands
Might fee, and urge, the death which he commands. Dryd.
2. O is ufed with no great elegance by Shakefpeare for a circle
or oval.
Can this cockpit hold
The vafty field of France ? or may we cram
Within this wooden O, the very calks
That did affright the air at Agincourt ? Sbake/p.
OAF. n.f. [ This word is varioufly written ; nuff, °fe, and
oph; it feems a corruption of oupb, a demon or fairy, in
German alf from which elf: and means properly the fame
with changeling; a foolifh child left by malevolent oupbs or
fairies, in the place of one more witty, which they fleal
away.]
1. A changeling; a foolifh child left by the fairies.
Thefe, when a child haps to be got.
Which after proves an idiot.
When folk perceives it thriveth not.
The fault therein to fmother :
Some filly doating brainlefs calf.
That underftands things by the half.
Says that the fairy left this oaf
And took away the other.
2. A dolt; a blockhead ; an idiot.
OVfish. adj. [from oaf] Stupid; dull; doltifh.
Oafishness. n.f. [from oafijh.] Stupidity; dullnefs.
OAK. n.f. [ac, aec, Saxon ; which, fays Skinner, to fliew
how eafy it is to play the fool, under a fhew of literature
and deep refearches, I will, for the diverfion of my reader,
derive from 01x0?, ahoufe; the oak being the beft timber
for building. Skinner feems to have had Junius in his thoughts,
who on this very word has fhewn his ufual fondnefs for Greek
etymology, by a derivation more ridiculous than that by which
Skinner has ridiculed him. Ac or oak, fays the grave critick,
fignified among the Saxons, like robur among the Latins, not
only an oak but Jirengtb, and may be well enough derived,
non incommode deduci potejl, from aAioj, drength; by taking
the three firft letters and then finking the A, as is not un¬
common.]
7. he oak-tree hath male flowers, or katkins, which confift of
a great number offmall flender threads. The embryos, which
produced at remote diftances from thefe on the fame tree, do
afterwards become acorns, which are produced in hard fcaly
cups: the leaves are finuated. The fpecies are five. Miller.
He return’d with his brows bound with oak. Shakefp.
He lay along
Under an oak, whofe antique root peeps out
Upon the brook that brawls along this wood. Shakefp.
No tree beareth fo many baftard fruits as the oak: for befides the acorns, it beareth galls, oak apples, oak nuts, which
are inflammable, and oak berries, flicking dole to the body
of the tree without flalk. Bacon's Nat. Hijlory.
The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees,
Shoots rifing up and fpreads by flow decrees :
Three centuries he grows, and three he flays
Supreme in ftate; and in three more decays. Dry.
1 ni°°- from a plant to a great tree, and then
lopped, is ftill the fame oak. Locke.
A light euithy, ftony, and fparry matter, incrufled and
Woodwvrd m Fen:
In (he days of Homer every grove, river, fountain, and
oak tree, were thought to have their peculiar deities. Odxjf.
Let India boafl her plants, nox envy we
The weeping amber and the balmy tree.
While by our oaks the precious loads are born.
And realms commanded which thofe trees adorn. Pope.
Oak. [Evergreen.]
The leaves are, for the mod part, indented, or finuated,
and in fome the edges of the leaves are pricklv, and are ever¬
green : it hath amentaceous flowers, which are produced at
remote diftances from the fruit on the fame tree : the fruit is
an acorn like the common oak. The wood of this tree is
accounted very good for many forts of tools and utenfils;
and affords the mod durable charcoal in the world. Miller.
Oaka'pple. n.f. [oak and apple.] A kind of Ipongy excrefcence on the cak.
Another kind of excrefcence, is an exudation of plants
joined with putrefaction, as in oakapples, which are found
chiefly upon the leaves of oaks. Bacon's Nat. Hi/'r.
Oa'ken. adj. [from oak.] Made of oak; gathered from oak.'
No nation doth equal England for oaken timber wherewith
to build fhips. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
By lot from Jove I am the pow’r
Of this fair wood, and live in oaken bew’r. Alllton.
Clad in white velvet all their troop they led.
With each an oaken chaplet on his head. Dryden
An oaken garland to be worn on feftivals, was the recompenfe of one who had covered a citizen in battle. Addilln.
He fnatched a good tough oaken cudgel, and beo-an to
brandifh it. Arbutbnot's J Bull
•Oa'kenpin. n.f. An apple. J
Oakenpin, fo called from its hardnefs, is a J affirm fru;t
yields excellent liquor, and is near the nature of the^Weftbury apple, though not in form. Mortimer.
Qa kpm. n.f. [A word probably formed by fome corruption 1
Cords untwifted and reduced to hemp, with which, min-led
with pitch, leaks are flopped. s
They make their oakum, wherewith they chalk the feams
of the fhips, of old feer and weather beaten ropes, when^they
are over fpent and grown fo rotten as they ferve for no other
ule but to make rotten oakum, which moulders and wafhes
away with every fea as the fhips labour and are toffed. Rd.
Some drive old oakum thro’ each feam and rift •
Their left hand does the calking-iron guide ;
_ a Jhe rattHng maIlet Wkh the riSht they ’ Dryden
OAK. n.f [ape, Saxon; perhaps by allufion to the common
expreffion of plowing the water, from the fame root with ear
to plow, aro, Lat.] A long pole with a broad end, by which
veflels are driven in the water, the refiftance made by water
to the oar pufhing on the veffel. 7
Th’ oars were Silver.
Which to the tune of flutes kept ftroke, and made
The water which they beat, to follow fafter
As amorous of their ftrokes Shakefp. Ju!. Ceejhr.
So tow rds a fhip the oar-finn'd rallies nlv 7
Which wanting fea to ride/or wind to fly' *
Stands but to tali revengU Denham's Poems.
In flapping fuch as this, the Irjfh kern
And untaught Indian, on the ftream did glide,
n fckcr.^larP-keel’d boats to ftem the flood did learn,
Ur hn-like oars did fpread from either fide. Dryden
Its progreffive motion may be effected by the help of feveul oars which in the outward ends of them {hall be like
hwa 1S ° 3 ^ t0 contra£t and dilate. Wilkins.
I o Oar. v. n. [from the noun.] To row.
He more undaunted on the ruin rode.
And oar'd with labouring arms along the flood. Pope.
Fo Oar. v. a. I o impel by rowing.
His bold head
’Bove the contentious waves he kept, and oar'd
Himfelf with his good arms in lufty flrokes
Toth lhoit. Shakefpeare's Tempejt.
Oa'r v.
2
O B D O B E
Da'ry. adj. [from oar.] Having the form or ufe of oars.
His hair transforms to down, his fingers meet.
In fkinny films, and fhape his oary feet. Addifon.
The fwan with arched neck.
Between her white wings mantling, proudly rows
Her ftate with oary feet. Milton.
Oast, n.f A kiln. Not in fife.
Empty the binn into a hog-bag, arid carry them imme¬
diately to the oaji or kiln, to be dried. Mortimer.
Oatca'ke. n.f. [oat and cake.] Cake made of the meal of
oats. ,
Take a blue ftone they make haver or oatcakes upon, and
lay it upon the crofs bars of iron. Peacbam.
Oa'ten. adj. [from oat.] Made of oats; bearing oats.
When fhepherds pipe on oaten ftraws,
And merry larks are ploughmens clocks. . Shakefp.
OATH. n.f. [aithy Gothick ; aS, Saxon. The diftance be¬
tween the noun oath, and the verb fivear, is very obfervable,
as it may {hew that our oldeft dialed! is formed from different
languages.] An affirmation, negation, orpromife, corrobo¬
rated by the atteftation of the Divine Being.
Read over Julia’s heart, thy firft beft love,
for whofe dear fake thou then did’ft rend thy faith
Into a thoufand oaths ; and all thofe oaths
Defcended into perjury to love me. Shakefpeare.
He that ftrikes the firft ftroke, I’ll run him up to the
Kilts as I am a foldier.
—An oath of mickle might; and fury {hall abate. Sha.
We haveconfultations, which inventions {hall be publilhed,
Which not: and take an oath of fecrecy for the concealing of
thofe which we think fit to keep fecret. Bacon.
Thofe called to any office of truft, are bound by an oath
to the faithful difeharge of it: but an oath is an appeal to
God, and therefore can have no influence, except upon thofe
who believe that he is. Swift.
Oa'thable. adj. [from oath. A word not ufed.] Capable
of having an oath adminiftered.
You’re not oathabley
Altho’ I know you’ll fwear
Into ftrong fhudders th’ immortal gods. Shakefpeare.
Oathbrea'king. n.f. [oath and break.] Perjury ; the vio¬
lation of an oath.
His oathbreaking he mended thus.
By now forfwearing that he is forfworn. Shak. Hen. IV.
Oa'tmalt. n.f. [oat and malt.] Malt made of oats.
In Kent they brew with one half oatmalt, and the other
half barleymalt. Mortimer’s Hufb.
Oa'tmeal. n.f. [car and meal.] Flower made by grinding
oats.
Oatmeal and butter, outwardly applied, dry the fcab on the
head. Arbuthnot on Aliment.
Our neighbours tell me oft, in joking talk,
Of allies, leather, oatmeal, bran, and chalk. Gay.
Oa'tmeal. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
Oats. n.f. [aten, Saxom] A grain, which in England is
generally given to horfes, but in Scotland fupports the people.
It is of the grafs leaved tribe ; the flowers have no petals,
and are difpoled in a lbofe panicle : the grain is eatable.
The meal makes tolerable good bread. Miller.
The oats have eaten the horfes. Shakefpeare.
It is bare mechanifm, no otherwife produced than the
turning of a wild oatbeard, by the infinuation of the particles
of moifture. Locke.
For your lean cattle, fodder them with barley ftraw firfl,
and the oat ftraw laft. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
His horfe’s allowance of oats and beans, was greater than
the journey required. , Sivift.
Oa’tthistle. n.f. [oat and thiflle.] An herb. Ainf.
Obambula'tion. n.f. [obambulatio, from obambulo, Latin.]
The a£t of walking about. Di£l.
To Obdu'ce. v. a. [obducoy Latin.] To draw over as a co¬
vering.
No animal exhibits its face in the native colour of its {kin
but man; all others are covered with feathers, hair, or a
cortex that is obduced over the cutis. Hale.
Obduc'tion. n.f. [from obduttio, obduco, Latin.] The atft
of covering, or laying a cover.
Obdu'racy. n.f. [from obdurate.] Inflexible wickednefs j
impenitence ; hardnefs of heart.
Thou think’ft me as far in the Devil’s book, as thou and
Falftaff, for obduracy and perfiftency. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
God may, by a mighty grace, hinder the abfolute com¬
pletion of fin in final obduracy. South's Serm.
OBDU'RATE. adj. [obduratus, Latin.]
i.Hard of heart; inflexibly obftinate in ill j hardned; impenitent.
Oh ! let me teach thee for thy father s fake.
That gave thee life, when well he might have {lain thee;
Be not obdurate, open thy deaf ears. Shakefpeare.
If when you make your pray’rs,
God {hould be fo obdurate as yourfelves,
How would it fare with your departed fouls ? Shakefp.
Women are foft, mild, pitiful, and flexible ;
Thouftern, obdurate, flinty, rough, remorfelefs. Shakefp.
To convince the proud what figns avail,
Or wonders move th 'obdurate to relent;
They harden’d more, by what might more reclaim. Milt.
Obdurate as you are, oh ! hear at leaft
My dying prayers, and grant my laft requeft. Dryden.
2. Hardned ; firm ; ftubborn.
Sometimes the very cuftom of evil makes the heart obdu~
‘rate againft whatfoever inftrudfions to the contrary. Hooker.
A pleafing forcery could charm
Pain for a while, or anguifh, and excite
Fallacious hope, or arm th’ obdurate breaft
With ftubborn patience, as with triple fteel. Milton.
No fuch thought ever ftrikes his marble, obdurate heart,
but it prefently flies off and rebounds from it. It is impoffible
for a man to' be thorough-paced in ingratitude, till he has
{hook off all fetters of pity dnd companion. South.
3. Harfh ; rugged.
They joined the nioft obdurate confonants without one in¬
tervening vowel. Swift.
Obdu'rately. adv. [from obdurate.] Stubbornly; inflexibly;
impenitently.
Obdi/rateness. n.f. [from obdurate.] Stubbornnefs ; in¬
flexibility ; impenitence.
Obdura'tion. n.f. [from obdurate. ] Hardnefs of heart;
ftubbornnefs.
What occafion it had given them to think, to their greater
obduration in evil, that through a froward and wanton defire
of innovation, we did conftrainedly thofe things, for which
confcience was pretended ? Hooker, b. iv.
Obdu'red. adj. [ obduratus, Latin. ] Hardned ; inflexible ;
impenitent.
This faw his haplefs foes, but flood obdur'd,
And to rebellious fight rallied their pow’rs
Infenfate. Milton s Paradife Lofl, b. vi.
Obe'dieNCE. n.f. [obedience, Fr. obedie.tia, Latin.] Obfequioufnefs; fubmiffion to authority; compliance with com¬
mand or prohibition.
If you violently proceed againft him, it would {hake in
pieces the heart of his obedience. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
Thy hulbahd ,
Craves no other tribute at thy hands,
But love, fair looks, and true obedience. Shakefp.
His fervants ye are, to whom ye obey, whether of fin
unto death, or of obedience unto righteoufnefs. Rom. vi. 16.
It was both a ftrange commiftion, and a ftrange obedience
to a commiffion, for men fo furioufly affailed, to hold their
hands. Bacon s War with Spain.
Nor can this be,
But by fulfilling that which thou didft want.
Obedience to the law of God, impos’d
On penalty of death. Milton's Paradife Lofl, b. xii.
OBE'DIENT. adj. [obediens, Latin.] Submiffive to authority ;
compliant with command or prohibition ; obfequious.
To this end did I write, that I might know the proof of
you, whether ye be obedient in all things. 2 Cor. ii. 9.
To this her mother’s plot
She, feemingly obedient, likewife hath
Made promife. Shakefp. M. IV. of Wind.
He humbled himfelf, and became obedient unto death.
Phil. ii. 8.
Religion hath a good influence upon the people, to make
them obedient to government, and peaceable one towards
another. Tillotfon, Serm. 3.
The chief his orders gives; th’ obedient band,
With due obfervance, wait the chief’s command. Pope.
Obe'diential. adj. [obedientiel, Fr. from obedient.] Accord¬
ing to the rule of obedience.
Faith is fuch as God will accept of, when it affords fidu¬
cial reliance on the promifes, and obediential fubmiffion to the
command. Ham?nond.
Faith is then perfedl, when it produces in us a fiduciary
affent to whatever the gofpel has revealed, and an obediential
fubmiffion to the commands. Wake's Prep,for Death.
Obe'diently. adv. [from obedient] With obedience.
We {hould behave ourfelves reverently and obediently to¬
wards the Divine Majefty, and jlrftly and charitably towards
men. Tillotfon.
Obe'isaMce. n.f. [obeifancey Fr. This word is formed by cor¬
ruption from abaifancey an ad! of reverence.] A bow ; acourtely; an ad! of reverence made by inclination of the body or
knee.
Bartholomew my page,
See dreft in all fuits like a lady ;
Then call him Madam, do him all obeifance. Shakefpeare.
Bathlheba bowed and did obeifance unto the king. 1 K. i. 16.
18 K The
O B J OBI,
The lords and ladies paid ")
Their homage, with a low obeifance made ; >
And leem’d to venerate the facred fliade. Dryden. j
OBelisk. n.f. [obelifcus, Latin.]
1. A magnificent high piece of folid marble, or other fine ffone,
having ufually four faces, and lefTening upwards by degrees,
till it ends in a point like a pyramid. Harris.
Between the ftatues obelijks were plac’d,
And the learn’d walls with hieroglyphicks grac’d. Pope.
2. A mark of cenfure in the margin of a book, in the form of
a dagger [+].
He publifhed the tranflation of the Septuagint, having
compared it with the Hebrew, and noted by afterifks what
was defedtive, and by obelijks what redundant. Grew.
Obequita'tion. n.f. [from obequito, Latin.] The adt of
riding about.
Oberra'tion. n.f. [from oberro, Latin.] The adt of wan¬
dering about.
OBE SE. adj. [obefus, Latin.] Fat; loaden with flefh.'
Obe'seness. [ n.f. [from obefe.] Morbid fatnefs j incumObe'sity. ) brance of flefh.
On thefe many difeafes depend ; as on the ftraitnefs of the
cheft, a phthifis ; on the largenefs of the veins, an atrophy;
on theiicfmallnefs, obefity. Grew’s Cofmol. b. ii.
To Obe'y. v. a. [ obeir^ French ; obedio, Latin. ]
1. To pay fubmiflion to \ to comply with, from reverence to
authority.
The will of heav’n
Be done in this and all things ! I obey. Shakef. Hen.VIII.
I am afham’d, that women are fo Ample
*To feek for rule, fupremacy, and fway.
When they are bound to lerve, love, and obey. Shakefp.
Let not fin reign in your mortal body, that ye fhould obey
it in the luffs thereof. Rom. vi. 12.
Was fhe thy God, that her thou didft obeyy
Before his voice ? Milton’s Paradife Loft, b. x.
Africk and India fhall his pow’r obey, ^
He fhall extend his propagated fway >
Beyond the folar year, without the ftarry way. Dryden. J
2. It had formerly fometimes to before the perfon obeyed, which
Addifon has mentioned as one of Milton’s latinifms ; but it is
frequent in old writers; when we borrowed the French word
we borrowed the fyntax, obeir au roi.
He commanded the trumpets to found ; to which the two
brave knights obeying, they performed their courfes, breaking
their ftaves. Sidney.
The flit bark, obeying to her mind.
Forth launched quickly, as fhe did defire. Fairy
His fervants ye are, to whom ye obey. Rom. vi. 16.
Nor did they not perceive the evil plight
In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel.
Yet to their general’s voice they foon obey’d. Milton.
'OBJECT, n.f. [objet, Fr. objedlum, Latin.]
1. That about which any power or faculty is employed.
Pardon
The flat unrais’d fpirit, that hath dar’d,
On this unworthy fcaffold to bring forth
So great an objedi. Sbakefpeare’s Henry V.
They are her fartheft reaching inftrument,
Yet they no beams unto their objects fend ;
But all the rays are from their objedls fent,
And in the eyes with pointed angles end. Davies.
The objedi of true faith is, either God himfelf, or the
word of God: God who is believed in, and the word of
God as the rule of faith, or matter to be believed. Hamm.
Thole things in ourfelves, are the only proper objects of
our zeal, which, in others, are the unqueftionable fubjedls
of our praifes. Sprat’s Serrn.
Truth is the objedi of our underftanding, as good is of the
will. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
2. Something prefented to the fenfes to raife any affection or
emotion in the mind.
Difhonour not your eye
By throwing it on any other objedi. Shakefp.
Why elfe this double objedi in our fight.
Of flight purfu’d in the air, and o’er the ground. Milton.
This paffenger felt fome degree of concern, at the fight
of fo moving an objedi, and therefore withdrew. Atterbury.
3. [In grammar.] Any thing influenced by fomewhat elfe.
The accufative after a verb tranfitive, or a fentence in
room thereof, is called, by grammarians, the objedi of the
verb. Clarke’s Latin Grammar.
Obje'ctglass. n.f. Glafs remote!! from the eye.
An objediglafs of a telefcope I once mended, by grinding
it on pitch with putty, and leaning cafily on it in the grind¬
ing, left the putty fhould fcratch it. Newt. Opt.
1 o (/eject. v. a. [objedler, Fr. objicio, objedlum^ Latin.]
I. Jooppofe; to prelent in oppofition.
h lowers growing fcattered in divers beds, will (hew more
fo as that they be objedi to view at once. Bacon.
Pallas to their eyes
The mift objedlcd, and condens’d the fkics. Pope.
2. To propofe as a charge criminal j or a reafon adverfe; with
to or againjl.
Were it not fome kind of blemifh to be like unto Infidels
and Heathens, it would not fo ufually be objectedj men would
not think it any advantage in the caufe of religion to be atye
therewith juftly to charge their adverfaries. Hooker.
The book requireth due examination, and giveth liberty
to objedi any crime againft any fiuch as are to be ordered.
JVhitgifte,
Men in all deliberations find eafe to be of the nega¬
tive fide, and afFedt a credit to objedi and foretel difficulties:
• for when propofitions are denied, there is an end of them j
but if they be allowed, it requireth a new work; which
falfe point of wifdom is the bane of bufinefs. Bacon.
This the adverfaries of faith have too much reafon to ob¬
jedi againjl too many of its profefTors ; but againjl the faith
itfelf nothing at all. Sprat’s Serm.
It was objedled againjl a late painter, that he drew many
graceful pictures, but few of them were like. Dryden.
Others objedi the poverty of the nation, and difficulties in
furnifhing greater fupplics. Addifon’s State of the IVar.
There was but this Angle fault that Eraiinus, though an
enemy, could objedi to him. Atterbury.
Objf/ction. n.f. [objedlion, Fr. objediio, Latin.]
1. The act of prefenting any thing in oppofition.
2. Criminal charge.
Speak on, Sir,
I dare your worrt objediions. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
3. Adverfe argument.
There is ever between all eftates a fecret war. I know
well this fpeech is the objedlion and not the decifion ; and that
it is after refuted. Bacon’s War with Spain.
Whofoever makes fuch objedlions againfl an hypothefis,
hath a right to be heard, let his temper and genius be what
it will. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
4. Fault found.
I have fhewn your verfes to feme, who have made that cbjedlion to them. Waljh’s Letter.
OBJECTIVE, adj. [objedlif Fr. objedlus, Latin.]
1. Belonging to the objedi:; contained in the objedi.
Certainty, according to the fchools, is diflinguifhed into
ebjedlive and fubjedtive. Objedlive certainty is when the propofition is certainly true in itfelf; and fubjedtive, when we
are certain of the truth of it. The one is in things, the
other in our minds. Watts’s Logick.
2. Made an objedi ; propofed as an objedi.
If this one fmall piece of nature ftill affords new mat¬
ter for our difeovery, when fhotild we be able to fearch out
the vaft treafuries of objedlive knowledge that lies within
the compafs of the univerfe ? Hale's Origin of Man.
Objectively, adv. [from objective.']
1. I11 manner of an ebjedi.
This may fitly be called a determinate idea, when, fuch
as it is at any time objedlively in the mind, it is annexed, and
without variation determined to an articulate found, which is
to be fteadily the Agn of that very fame objedi of the mind.
Locke’s Epijlle to the Reader.
2. In a ftate of oppofition.
The baliiilk fhould be deflroyed, in regard he firfl receiveth the rays of his antipathy and venomous emiifipn,
which objedlively move his fenfe. Brown’s V. Err.
OBjectiveness. n.f. [from objedlive.] The ftate of bein<>-
an objedi.
Is there fuch a motion or objedlivenefs of external bodies,
which produceth light ? The faculty of light is fitted to re¬
ceive that impreffion or objedlivenefs, and that objedlivenefs
fitted to that faculty. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
Obje'ctor. n.f [from objedi.] One who offers objedlions ,
one who raifes difficulties.
But thefe objediors muft the caufe upbraid.
That has not mortal man, immortal made. Blackm.
Let the objediors confider, that thefe irregularities muft have
come from the laws of mechanifm. Bentleys Serm.
Obit, [a corruption of obiit, or obivit.] Funeral obfequies. Ainf.
To OBJU'RGATE. v. a. [objurgo, Latin.] To chidej to
reprove.
Objurc a tion. n.f. \objurgatio, Lat.] Reproofj reprehenfion.
If there be no true liberty, but all things come to pafs by
inevitable neceffity, then what are all interrogations and objur¬
gations, and reprehenfions and expoftulations ? Bramh.
Obju'rg atory. adj. [objurgatoriuSy Latin.J Reprehcnfory ;
culpatory; chiding.
Obla'te. adj. [oblatus, Latin.] Flatted at the poles. Ufcd
of a fpheroid.
By gravitation bodies on this globe will prefs towards its
center, though not exactly thither, by reafon of the oblate
fpheroid ical
O B L
fpheroidical figure of the earth, arifing from its diurnal rota¬
tion about its axis. Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
Obla'tion. n. J. [oblation, Fr. oblatus, Latin.] An offering; a
Sacrifice ; any thing offered as an aCt ofworfnip or reverence.
With that ihe looked upon the picture before her, and
ffraitfnt iighed, and ftraight tears followed, as if the idol of
duty"ought to be honoured with fuch oblations. Sidney.
Many conceive in this oblation, not a natural but a civil
kind of death, and a reparation from the world. Brown.
The will gives worth to the oblation, as to God’s accept¬
ance, fets the pooieft giver upon the fame level with the
richefl. South's Sermons.
I wifti
The kind oblation of a falling tear. Dryden.
Behold the coward, and the brave.
All make oblations at this flirine. Swift's Poems.
Oblecta'tion. n.f. [oblefiatio, Lat.] Delight; pleaiure.
To OBLIGATE, v. a. [obligo, Latin.] To bind by con¬
tract or duty.
ObliGa'tioN. n.f. [obligation from obligo, Lat. obligation, Fr.]
1. The binding power of any oath, vow, duty; contract.
Your father loft a father ;
That father his ; and the lurvivor bound
In filial obligation, for fome term,
To do obfequious forrow. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
There was no means for him as a chriftian, to fatisfy all
obligations both to God and man, but to offer himfelf for a
mediator of an accord and peace. Bacon's Henry VII.
The better to fatisfy this double obligation, you have early
cultivated the genius you have to arms. Dryden.
No ties can bind, that from conftraint arife.
Where cither’s forc’d, all obligation dies. Granvile.
2. An a£t which binds any man to lome performance.
The heir of an obliged perfon is not bound to make reftitution, if the obligation palled only by a perfonal a61; but
if it palled from his perfon to his eftate, then the eftare paffes
with all its burthen. Taylor s Rule of Living Holy.
3. Favour by which one is bound,to gratitude.
Where is the obligation of any man’s making me a prefent
of what he does not care for himfelf? L'Ejlrange.
So quick a fenfe did the Ifraelites entertain of the merits
of Gideon, and the obligation he had laid upon them, that
they tender him the regal and hereditary government of that
people. South's Sermons.
Obligatory, adj. [obligatione, Fr. from obligate.] Impofing
an obligation ; binding ; coercive ; with to or on.
And concerning the lawfulnefs, not only permiffively, but
whether it be not obligatory to Chriftian princes and ftates. Bac.
As long as the law is obligatory, fo long our obedience is
due. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
A people long ufed to hardlhips, look upon themfelves as
creatures at mercy, and that all impofitions laid on them by
a ftronger hand, are legal and obligatory. Swift.
If this patent is obligatory on them, it is contrary to adds of
parliament, and therefore void. Swift.
To OBLBGE. v. a. [obliger; Fr. obligo, Latin.]
1. To bind ; to impofe obligation ; to compel to fomething.
Religion obliges men to the practice of thofe virtues which
conduce to the prefervatioh of our health. Tillotfon.
The law mull oblige in all precepts, or in none. If it
oblige in all, all are to be obeyed ; if it oblige in none, it has
no longer the authority of a law. Rogers, Scrm. 15.
2. To indebt; to lay obligations of gratitude.
Fie that depends upon another, muft
Oblige his honour with a boundlcfs truft. Waller.
Since love obliges not, I from this hour
Afiuine the light of man’s defpotic power. Dryden.
Vain wretched creature, how art thou milled,
To think thy wit thefe godlike notions bred !
Thefe truths are not the produCl of thy mind,
Eut dropt from heav’n, and of a nobler kind :
Reveal’d religion firft inform’d thy fight,
And reafon faw not, till faith fprung the light.
Thus man by his own ftrength to heaven v/ou’d foar.
And wou’d not be oblig'd to God for more. Dryden.
When int’reft calls off all her fheaking train.
When all th’ oblig'd defert, and all the vain.
She waits or to the fcaffiold or the cell. Pope,
'Fo thofe hills we are obliged for all cur metals, and with
them for all the conveniences and comforts of life. Bentley.
3. To pleafe ; to gratify.
A great man gets more by obliging his inferiour, than by
difdaining him ; as a man has a greater advantage by fowing
and drefhfig his ground* than he can have by trampling upon
it. South's Sermons.
Some natures are fo four and 10 ungrateful, that they are
never to be obliged. ^ Ejlrange.
Happy the people, who preferve their honour
By the fame duties that oblige their prince ! Add. Cato.
Obli'gee..«./- [from oblige.] The perfon bound by a legal
or written contract.
Obli'gement. n.f. [obligement, French,] Obligation.
OBI,
I will not refift, whatever it is, either of divine or human
obligement, that you lay upon me. Milton's Education.
Let this fair princefs but one minute ftay,
A look from her will your obligements pay. Dryden.
Obli'ger. n.f. He who binds by contrail.
Obliging, part. adj. [obligeant,Vr. from oblige.] Civil; complaifant ; refpeCtful ; engaging.
Nothing could be more obliging and refpeCtful than the
lion’s letter was, in appearance ; but there was death in the
true intent. L'Ejlrange, hab. 54.
Monfeigneur Strozzi has many curiofities, and is very
obliging to a ftranger who defires the fight of them. Addifon.
Obliging creatures ! make me fee
All that difgrac’d my betters, met in me. Pope.
So obliging that he ne’er oblig'd. Pope.
Qbli'gingly. adv. [from obliging.] Civilly; complaifantly.
Eugenius informs me very obligingly, that he never thought
he fhould have difliked any paffage in my paper. Addifon.
I fee her tafte each naufeous draught.
And fo obligingly am caught;
I blefs the hand from whence they came,
Nor dare diftort my face for fhame. Swift's Mifcell.
Oeli'cingness. n.f. [from obliging.]
1. Obligation; force.
They look into them not to weigh the obligingnefs, but to
quarrel the difficulty of the injunctions : not to direCt prac¬
tice, but excufe prevarications. Decay of Piety.
2. Civility; complaifance.
Obliqua'tion. n.f [obliquatio, from obliquo, Latin.] Decli¬
nation from perpendicularity ; obliquity.
The change made by the obiiquation of the eyes, is leaft
in colours of the denfeft than in thin lubftances. Newt. Opt.
OBLIQUE. adj. [oblique, Fr. obliquus, Latin.]
1. Not direCt; not perpendicular ; not parallel.
One by his view
Mought deem him born with ill-difpos’d fkies,
When oblique Saturn fat in the houfe ofth’ agonies. Fairy
If found be flopped and repercuffed, it cometh about on
the other fide in an oblique line. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
May they not pity us, condemn’d to bear
The various heav’n of an obliquer fphere ;
While by fix’d laws, and with a juft return.
They feel twelve hours that {hade, for twelve that burn.
Prior.
Bavaria’s ftars muft be accus’d which {hone
That fatal day the mighty work was done,
With rays oblique upon the gallic fun. Prior, j
It has a direction oblique to that of the former motion.
Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
Criticks form a general character from the obfervation of
particular errors, taken in their own oblique or-imperfeCt
views ; which is as unjuft, as to make a judgment of the
beauty of a man’s body, from the fhade it cafts in fuch and
fuch a pofition. Notes on the Odyjfey.
2. Not direCt, Ufed of fenfe.
Has he given the lie
In circle, or oblique, or femicircle.
Or direct parallel; you muft challenge him. Shakefp.
3. [In grammar.] Any cafe in nouns except the nominative.
Obli'quely. adv. [from oblique.]
1. Not direCtly ; not perpendicularly.
Of meridian altitude, it hath but twenty-three degrees,
fo that it plays but obliquely upon us, and as the fun doth
about the twenty-third of January. Brown's Vulgar Err.
Declining from the noon of day,
The fun obliquely (hoots his burning ray. Po. Ra. Locke.
2. Not in the immediate or direCt meaning.
His difeourfe tends obliquely to the detracting from others,
or the extolling of himfelf. Addifon's Spectator, Nw. 255.
^ n y- from oblique.]
1. Deviation from phyficial reCtitude; deviation from parallelifm or perpendicularity.
Which elfe to feveral fpheres thou muft: aferibe.
Mov’d contrary with thwart obliquilies. Milt. P. Lojh
2. Deviation from moral reCtitude.
There is in rectitude, beauty; as contrariwife in obliquity,
deformity. Hooker, b. i, f. 8.
Count Rhodophill cut out for government and high affairs,
and balancing all matters in the feales of his high undcrftanding, hath rectified all obliquities. Howel's Local For.
For a rational creature to conform himfelf to the will of
God in all things, carries in it a rational reCtitude or goodnefs ; and to difobey or oppofe his will in any thing, imports
a moral obliquity. South’s Sermons.
To OBLITERATE, v. a. [oblitero, ob and litera, Latin.]
1. To efface any thing written.
2. To wear out; to deftroy ; to efface.
Wars and delegations obliterate many ancient monuments.
Ha e's Origin of Mankind\
Let men confider themfelves as enfnared in that unhappy
4 contraCt,
OBN
tontra£f, tvhich has rendered them part of the Devil’s poffeffion, and contrive how they may obliterate that reproach,
and difentangle their mortgaged fouls. Decay of Piety.
Thefe fimple ideas, the underftanding can no more refufe
to have, or alter, or blot them out, than a mirrour can re¬
fufe, alter, or obliterate the images, which the objects fet
before it produce. Locke.
Obutera'tion. n.f. [obliteration Latin.] Effacement; ex¬
tinction.
Confidering the cafualties of wars, tranfmigrations, efpecially that of the general flood, there might probably be an
obliteration of all thofe monuments of antiquity that ages pre¬
cedent at fome time have yielded. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
Obli'vion. n.f [oblivion Latin.]
1. Forgetfulnefs; ceflation of remembrance.
Water-drops have worn the flones of Troy,
And blind oblivion fwallow’d cities up,
And mighty ftates chara&erlefs are grated
To dufty nothing. SbakcJ. Troll, and Creffida.
Thou fhouldft have heard many things of worthy memory,
which now fhall die in oblivion and thou return unexperienced
to thy grave. Shakef. Taming of the Shrew.
Knowledge is made by oblivionn and to purchafe a clear
and warrantable body of truth, we mull forget and part with
much we know. Brown’s Vulgar Err. Pref.
Can they imagine, that God has therefore forgot their
fins, becaufe they are not willing to remember them ? Or
will they meafure his pardon by their own oblivion. South.
Among our crimes oblivion may be fet ;
But ’tis our king’s perfection to forget. Dryden.
2. Amnefty; general pardon of crimes in a ftate.
By the aCt of oblivionn all offences againft the crown, and
all particular trefpaffes between fubjeCt and fubjeCt, were par¬
doned, remitted, and utterly*extinguifhed. Davies.
Oblivious, adj. [obliviofusn Latin.] Caufing forgetfulnefs.
Raze out the written troubles of the brain.
And with fome fweet oblivious antidote
Cleanfe the fluff’d bofom. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
The Britifh fouls
Exult to fee the crouding ghofts defeend
Unnumber’d ; well aveng’d, they quit the cares
Of mortal life, and drink th’ oblivious lake. Philips.
Oh born to fee what none can fee awake !
Behold the wonders of th’ oblivious lake. Pope’s Dune.
OBLO'NG. adj. [oblongn Fr. oblongus, Latin.] Longer than
broad ; the fame with a re&angle parallelogram, whofe fides
are unequal. Harr.
The beft figure of a garden I efteem an oblong upon a defeent. Temple’s Mifcell.
Every particle, foppofing them globular or not very oblongn
would be above nine million times their own length from any
other particle. Bentley’s Sermons.
Oblo'ngly. adv. [from oblong.] In an oblong direction.
The furface of the temperate climates is larger than it
would have been, had the globe of our earth or of the pla¬
nets, been either fpherical, or oblongly fpheroidical. Cheyne.
Oblo'ngness. n.f. [from oblong.'] The ftate of being oblong.
C'bloquy. n.f [obloquorn Lat.]
1. Cenlorious fpeech ; blame; flander; reproach.
Reafonable moderation hath freed us from being defervedly
fubjeCt unto that bitter kind of obloquy, whereby as the church
of Rome doth, under the colour of love towards thofe things
which be harmlefs, maintain extremely mod: hurtful corrup¬
tions ; fo we peradventure might be upbraided, that under
colour of hatred towards thofe things that are corrupt, we
are on the other fide as extreme, even againd mod harm¬
lefs ordinances. . Hooker, b. iv. f. 14.
Here new afperfions, with new obloquies,
Are laid on old delerts. Daniel’s CivilWar.
Cand thou with impious obloquy condemn
The jud decree of God, pronounc’d and fworn ? Milton.
Shall names that made your city the glory of the earth, be
mentioned with obloquy and detraction ? Addifon.
Every age might perhaps produce one or two true genius,
if they were not funk under the cenfure and obloquy of plod¬
ding, fervjle, imitating pedants. Sivift.
2. Caufe of reproach ; difgrace. Not proper.
My chadity’s the jewel of our houfe.
Bequeathed down from many ancedors ;
Which were the greated obloquy i’th’ world
In me to lole. Shakefpeare’s All’s well that ends well.
Obmute'scence. n.f. [from obmutefcon Latin.] Lofs offpeech.
A vehement fear often produceth obmutefcence. Brown.
OBNOXIOUS, n.f. [obnoxiusy Latin.]
1. SubjeCt.
1 propound a character of judice in a middle form, be¬
tween the fpeculative difeourfes of philofophers, and the
writings of lawyers, which are tied and obnoxious to their
particular laws. Bacon's Ho[y jVau
2. Liable to punilhment.
O B S
All are ohuoxiousn and this faulty land,
Like fainting Heder, does before you dand,
Watching your fceptre. Waller.
We knowourfelves obnoxious to God’s fevere judice, and that
he is a God of mercy and hateth fin; and therefore that we
might not have the lead fufpicion of his unwillingnefs to for¬
give, he hath fent his only begotten foil into the world, by
his difmal fufferings and curled death, to expiate our offences.
Calamy’s Sermons’.
Thy name, O Varus, if the kinder pow’rs
Preferve our plains, and fhield the Mantuan tow’rs,
Obnoxious by Cremona’s neighb’ring crime.
The wings of fwans, and drongcr pinion’d rhyme
Shall raife aloft. Drydl
3.Liable; expofed.
Long hodility had made their friendfhip weak in itfelf,
and more obnoxious to jealoufies and ditiruds. Hayward.
But what will not ambition and revenge
Defeend to ? who afpires, mud down as low
As high he foar’d; obnoxious iird or lad.
To bafed things. Milton’s Paradife Lojl-.
Beads lie down.
To dews obnoxious on the grady floor. Dryden.
Obno'xiousness. yi. f. [from obnoxious.] Subjection ; liablenets to punilhment.
Obno'xiously. adv. [from obnoxious.] In a date of fubjection ; in the date of one liable to punilhment.
I o O’bnubilate. v. a. [obnubilo, Latin.] To cloud; to
obfeure.
O'bole. n.f. [obolus, Lat.] In pharmacy, twelve grains. Ainf
Obre/ption. n.f [obreption Latin.] The act of creeping on.
To Oero'gate. v. a. [obrogOn Lat.] To proclaim a con¬
trary law for the diflolution of the former. ’ Di£U
OBSCE'NE. adj. [obfeenen Fr. obfeaenus, Latin.]
1. Immoded ; not agreeable to chadity of mind ; caufing lewd
ideas.
Chemos th’ obfeene dread of Moab’s fons. Milton.
Words that were once shade, by frequent ufe grow obfeene
and uncleanly. . Watts’s Logick.
2. OfFenlive ; difguding.
A girdle foul with greafe binds his obfeene attire. Dryden.
Home as they went, the fad difeourfe renew’d,
Of the relentlefs dame to death purfu’d, (.
And of the light obfeene fo lately view’d. Dryden. S
3. Inaufpicjous ; ill omined.
Care Ihuns thy walks, as at the chearfu! lio-hc
The groaning ghofts, and birds obfeene take flight. Dryd.
It is the fun’s fate like your’s, to be difpleafing to owls
and obfeene animals, who cannot bear his ludre. Pope’s Lett.
Obsce'nely. adj. [from obfeene.] In an impure and unchafle
manner.
Obsceneness. 7 n.f [obfeemtCn Fr. from obfeene Impurity of
Obsce'nity. 5 thought or language ; unchadity ; lewdnefs.
.Mr. Cowley alferts plainly, that obfeenity has no place in
Dryden.
1 hofe fables were tempered with the Italian feverity, and
free from any note of infamy or obfeenenefs. Dryden.
Thou art wickedly devout.
In Tiber ducking thrice by break of day.
To walh th’ obfeenities of night away. Dryden.
No pardon vile obfeenity Ihould find,
Tho’ wit and art confpire to move your mind. Pope.
Obscura'tion. n.f [obfeuration Lat.]
1. The aCt of darkening.
As to the fun and moon, their obfeuration or change of
colour happens commonly before the eruption of a fiery moun-
*Ainn r , • . . , Burnet.
2. A ltate or being darkened.
OBSCURE, adj. [obfeur, Fr. obfeurus, Latin.]
1. Dark; unenlightened ; gloomy, hindring fight.
Whofo curfeth his father or mother, his lamp fhall be put
out in obfeure darknefs. p ; v
Who fhall tempt with wand’ring feet
The dark unbottom’d infinite abyls.
And thro the palpable obfeure find out
His uncouth way ? Paradife Loft.
2. Living in the dark. J J
The obfeure bird clamour’d the live-long night. Shakefp.
3. Not eafily intelligible; abdrufe ; difficult!
explain fome of the moft objeure paffages, and thofe
Which are moft neceffary to be underftood, and this accordmg to the manner wherein he ufed to exprefs himfelf. Dryd.
4. Not noted ; not obfervable.
. ,^e that he is an obfeure perfon ; one, I fuppofe, that
ism the dark. Jtterlury.
1 o Ubscu re. v. a. [olfcuro, Latin.]
I. To darken; to make dark.
Sudden the thunder blackens all the fkies.
And the winds whiftle, and the forges roll
Mountains on mountains, and obfeure the pole. Pope.
2. To
O B S
2. To make lefs vifible.
They are all couched in a pit hard by Herne s oak. With
eb[cured lights; which at the very inftant of FalftafPs and
our meeting, they will at once difplay to the night. Shake/
What"muft I hold a candle to my fliames ?
They in themfelves, good footh, are too, too light.
Why, ’tis an office ot difeovery, love,
AndT fhould be ob/cur d. Shake/. M. of Venice.
Thinking by this retirement to ob/cure himfelf from God,
he infringed the omnifciency and cflential ubiquity of his
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
3. To make lefs intelligible.
Bv private confent it hath been ufed in dangerous times
to ob/cure writing, and make it hard to be read by others not
acquainted with the intrigue. Holder.
There is fcarce any duty which has been fo ob/cured by the
writings of learned men, as this. * Wake.
4. To make lefs glorious, beautiful, or illuftrious.
Think’ft thou, vain fpirit, thy glories are the fame,
And feeft not fin ob/cures thy godlike frame ?
I know thee now by thy ungrateful pride.
That fhows me what thy faded looks did hide. Dryden.
Obscu'rely. adv. [from ob/cure.']
1. NSt brightly ; not luminoully.
2. Out of fight; privately; without notice ; notconfpicuoufiy.
Such w^as the rife of this prodigious fire,
Which in mean buildings firft objcurely bred,
prom thence did loon to open ftreets afpire. Dryden.
There live retir’d.
Content thyfelf to be ob/curely good. Addi/on's Cato.
Let him go, purlued by filent wrath.
Meet unexpe&ed daggers in his way.
And in fome diftant land ob/curely die. Irene.
3. Not clearly ; not plainly.
Obscu reness. \n r [ob/curitas, Lat. ol/curite, Fr.]
Obscu'rity. 5 J L J J
1. Darknefs; want of light.
Lo ! a day of darknefs and ob/curity, tribulation and anguifh, upon the earth. EJlher xi. 8.
Should Cynthia quitthee, Venus, and each ftar,
It would not form one thought dark as mine are :
I could lend them obfeurenejs now, and fay.
Out of myfelf there fhould be no more day. Donne.
2. Unnoticed {late; privacy. _
You are not for ob/curity defign’d,
But, like the fun, muft cheer all human kind. Dryd.
3. Darknefs of meaning.
Not to mention that ob/curene/s that attends prophetic rap¬
tures, there are divers things knowable by the bare light of
nature, which yet are fo uneafy to be fatisfa&orily underftood
by our imperfedt intelledls, that let them be delivered in the
cleareft expreffions, the notions themfelves will yet appear
obfeure. Beyle on Colours.
That this part of facred feripture had difficulties in it:
many caufes of ob/curity did readily occur to me. Locke.
What lies beyond our pofitive idea towards infinity, lies
in ob/curity, and has the undeterminate confufion of a nega¬
tive idea, wherein I know I do not comprehend all I would,
it being too large' for a finite capacity. Locke.
Obsecration, n./. [obfecrutio, from obfecro, Lat.] Intreaty;
fupplication.
That thefe were comprehended under the facra, is manifeft from the old form of ob/ecration. Stillingfeet.
Obse'quies. n./. [ ob/eques, French. I know not whether
this word be not anciently miftaken for exequies, exequ'ur,
Latin: this word, however, is apparently derived from «£-
fequium.]
3. Funeral rites; funeral folemnities.
There was Dorilaus valiantly requiting his friends help, in
a great battle deprived of life, his ob/equies being not more
folemnized by the tears of his partakers, than the blood of
his enemies. Sidney, b. ii.
Fair Juliet, that with angels doft remain,
Accept this lateft favour at my hand ;
That living honour’d thee, and being dead.
With fun’ral ob/equies adorn thy tomb. Shake/p.
Thefe tears are my fweet Rutland’s ob/equies. Shake/p.
I fpare the widows tears, their woful cries.
And howling at their hufbands ob/equies;
How Thefeus at thefe fun’rals did affift.
And with what gifts the mourning dames difmift. Dryden.
His body {hall be royally interr’d,
I will, myfelf, .
Be the chief mourner at his ob/equies. Dryden.
Alas 1 poor Poll, my Indian talker dies,
Go birds and celebrate his ob/equies. Creech,
2. It is found in the Angular, perhaps more properly.
Or tune a long of victory to me,
Or to thyfelf, fmg thine own ob/equy. Crajhaw.
Him I’ll folemnly attend,
With filent ob/cquy and funeral train*
Home to his father’s hemfe.
O B S
OBSE'QUIOUS. adj. [from ob/equium, Latin.]
1. Obedient; compliant; not refilling.
Adore not fo the rifing Ion, that you forget the father, wh#
raifed you to this height; nor be you fo ob/equious to the fa¬
ther, that you give juft caufe to the fon to fufpedl that you
negledl him. Bacon's Advice to Villters.
At his command th’ up-rooted hills retir d
Each to his place; they heard his voice, and went
Ob/equious. Milton's Paradi/e Lojl.
I follow’d her ; ftie what was honour knew,
And with objequious majefty, approv d
My pleaded reafon. Milton's Paradi/e Lofl, b. vin.
A genial cherifhing heat acts fo upon the fit and ob/equi¬
ous matter, as to organize and fafhion it according to the
exigencies ot its own nature. Boyle.
His fervants weeping,
Ob/equious to his orders, bear him hither. Add. Cato.
The vote of an alfembly, which we cannot reconcile to
public good, has been conceived in a private brain, afterwards
lupported by an ob/equious party. Swift.
2. In Shakefpeare it feems to fignify, funerealfuch as the rites
of funerals require.
Your father loft a father;
That father his ; and the furviver bound
In filial obligation, for fome term,
To do obfequious forrow. Shakefp. Hamlet,
Obse'quiously. adv. [ from ob/equious. ]
1. Obediently; with compliance.
They rife, and with relpedlful awe.
At the word giv’n, ob/equioufy withdraw. Dryden.
We cannot reafonably expedt, that any one fhould readily
and ob/equioufy quit his own opinion, and embrace ours with
a blind refignation. Locke.
2. In Shakc/peare it fignifies, with funeral rites ; with reverence
for the dead.
I a while ob/equioufy lament
The untimely fall of virtuous Lancafter. Shakefp. R. III.
Obse'quiousness. n.f [from obfequious.~\ Obedience; com¬
pliance.
They apply themfelves both to his intereft and humour,
with all the arts of flattery and obfequioufnefs, the fureft and
the readieft ways to advance a man. South's Sermons.
Obse'rvaele. adj. [from ob/ervo, Lat,] Remarkable ; emi¬
nent ; fuch as may deferve notice.
They do bury their dead with obfervable ceremonies. Abbot.
Thefe proprieties affixed unto bodies from confiderations
deduced from eaft, weft, or thofe ob/ervable points of the
fphere, will not be juftified from fuch foundations. BrownI took a juft account of every ob/ervable circumftance of
the earth, {lone, metal, or other matter, from the furface
quite down to the bottom of the pit, and entered it carefully
into a journal. Woodward's Nat. Hijt.
The great and more ob/ervable occafions of exercifing our
courage, occur but feldom. Rogers.
Obse'rvably. adv. [from ob/ervable.] In a manner worthy
of note.
It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear Iky, as is obfervably recorded in fome hiftories. Brown's VAgar Err,
Observance, n./ [ob/ervance, Fr. ebfervo, Latin.]
1. Refpedt; ceremonial reverence.
In the wood, a league without the town.
Where I did meet thee once with Helena,
To do ob/ervance on the morn of May. Shakefpeare,
Arcite left his bed, refolv’d to pay
Ob/ervance to the month of merry May. Dryden.
2. Religious rite.
Some reprefent to themfelves the whole of religion as confifting in a few eafy obfervances, and never lay the leaft reftraint on the bufinefs or diverfions of this life. Rogers,
3. Attentive pradlicc.
Ufe all th’ ob/ervance of civility,
Like one well ltudied in a fad oftent
To pleafe his grandam. Shakefp. M. of Venice.
If the divine laws were propofed to our ob/ervance, with
no other motive than the advantages attending it, they would
belittle more than an advice, Rogers, Sermon 1,
4. Rule of practice.
There are other ftridl obfervances;
As, not to fee a woman, Shake/p. L> Labours Lojl.
5. Careful obedience.
We muft attend our creator in all thofe ordinances which
he has preferibed to the ob/ervance of his church. Rogers.
6. Observation; attention.
There can be no obfervation or experience of greater cer¬
tainty, as to the increafe of mankind, than the ftridl and
vigilant ob/ervance of the calculations and regiflers of the bills
of births and deaths. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
7. Obedient regard.
Having had fuch experience of his fidelity and obfervancs
abroad, he found himfelf engaged in honour to fupport him.
IV<tton.
Milton's Agonijles, }8 h ' Lovers
O B S O B S
Love rigid honefty
f And ftrich obfervance of impartial laws. Rofcommcn.
X^bsP/rvant. adj. [obfcrvans, Latin.]
t. Attentive; diligent; watchful.
Thefc writers, which gave themfelves to follow and imi¬
tate others, were obfervant fe&ators of thofe mafters they ad¬
mired. Raleigh's Hiflory of the World.
Wandring from clime to clime obferuant ftray’d,
Their manners noted, and their ftates furvey’d. Pope.
1.Obedient ; rcfpe&ful.
We are told how obfervant Alexander was of his mafter
Ariftotle. Digby on the Sold, Dedicat.
3. Refpcdffully attentive.
She now obfervant of the parting ray,
Eyes the calm fun-fet of thy various day. Pope.
4. Meanly dutiful ; fubmiffive.
How could the moft bafe men attain to honour but by
fuch an obfervant flavifh courfe. Raleigh.
Obse'rvant. n.f [This word has the accent on the firft
fyllable in Shakefpeare.Aflavifh attendant. Not in ufe.
Thefe kind of knaves in this plainnefs.
Harbour more craft, and more corrupter ends,
Than twenty filky ducking obfervants
That ftretch their duties nicely. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Observation, n.f [obfervatio, from obfervo, Lat. obfervation, Fr.]
1. The a£t of obferving, noting, or remarking.
Thefe cannot be infufed by obfervation. becaufe they are
the rules by which men take their frrft apprehenfions and
obfervations of things; as the being of the rule muff be be¬
fore its application to the thing directed by it. South's Serm.
The rules of our practice are taken from the conduct of
fuch perfons as fall within our obfervation. Rogers.
2. Notion gained by obferving; note ; remark ; animadverfion.
In matters of human prudence, we fhall find the greateft
advantage by making wife obfervations on our conduit, and
of the events attending it. Watts's Logick.
ObservaTor. n.f [obfervateur,Yr. from ohfervo, Lat.] One
that obferves ; a remarker.
The obfervator of the bills of mortality, hath given us
the belt account of the number that late plagues have fwept
away. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
She may be handfome, yet be chafte, you fay,—
Good obfervator, not fo faft away. Dryden.
Obse'rvatory. n.f. \obfervatoire, French.] A place built
for aftronomical obfervations.
Another was found near the obfervatory in Greenwich Park.
Woodward on FoJJils.
To OBSE'RVE. v. a. [obferver, Fr. obferuo, Latin,]
1. To watch; to regard attentively.
Remember, that as thine eye obferves others, fo art thou
obferuedby angels and by men. Taylor.
2. To find by attention; to note.
If our idea of infinity be got from the power we obferve
in ourfelves, of repeating without end our own ideas, it may
be demanded why we do not attribute infinity to other ideas,
as well as thefe of fpace and duration. Locke.
One may obferve them difeourfe and reafon pretty well,
of feveral other things, before they can tell twenty. Locke.
3. To regard or keep religioufly.
A night to be much obferved unto the Lord, for bringing
them out of Egypt. Ex. xii. 42.
4. To obey; to follow.
To Obse'rve. v. n.
1. To be attentive.
Obferving men may form many judgments by the rules of
fimilitude and proportion, where caufes and effe&s are not
entirely the fame. Watts's Logick.
2. To make a remark.
Wherever I have found her notes to be wholly another’s,
which is the cafe in fome hundreds, I have barely quoted the
true proprietor, without obferving upon it. Pope's Lett.
O'bseRVER. n.f [from obferve.']
1. One who looks vigilantly on perfons and things; clofe remaker.
He reads much ;
He is a great obferver ; and he looks
Quite thro’ the deeds of men. Shakefp. Jul. Cafar.
Angelo,
There is a kind of character in thy life,
That to th’ obferver doth thy hiftory
Fully unfold. Shakefpeare'-s Meafurefor Meafure.
Careful obfervers may foretel the hour.
By lure prognoftics when to dread a fhow’r. Swift.
2. One who looks on ; the beholder.
If a flow pac’d ftar had ftol’n away.
From the obferver's marking, he might flay
T hree hundred years to fee’t again Donne.
Company, he thinks, leflens the fhame of vice, byfharing
it; and therefore, if he cannot wholly avoid the eye of the
objerver, he hopes to diftra£t it at lcaft by a multiplicity of
objects. South's Sermons.
3.One who keeps any law or cuftom or practice.
Many nations are fuperftitious, and diligent cbferuers of
old cuftoms, which they receive by continual tradition from
their parents, by recording of their bards and chronicles.
Spenfer on Ireland.
The king after the victory, as one that had been bred un¬
der a devout mother, and was in his nature a great obferver
of religious forms, caufed Te Deum to be folemnly lung in
the prefence of the whole army upon the place. Bacon.
He was fo ftridt an obferver of his word, that no confideration whatever could make him break it. Prior.
Himfelf often read ufeful difeourfes to his fervants on the
Lord’s day, of which he was always a very ftribt and folemn
obferver. Jtterbury's Serm.
Obse'RVINGLY. adv. [from obferving.] Attentively; carefully.
There is fome foul of goodnefs in things evil.
Would men obfervingly diftil it out. Shakefp. Henry V.
Obsb'ssion. n.f. [obfejfto, Latin.]
1. The a& of befiging.
2. The firft attack of Satan, antecedent to pofieffion.
Obsi'dional. adj. [obfulionalis, Lat.] Belonging to a fiege. DiSi.
OBSOLETE, adj. [obfoletus, Lat.] Worn out of ufe; difufed; unfashionable.
Obfolete words may be laudably revived, when either they
are more founding, or more fignificant than thofe in practice.
Dryden's Juvenal Ded.
What if there be an old dormant ftatute or two againft
him, are they not now obfolete ? Swift.
Obsoleteness, n.f. [from obfolete. ] State of being worn
out of ufe ; unfalhionablenefs.
Obsta'cle. n. f. [obftacle, Fr. objlaculum, Lat.] Something
oppofed ; hindrance; obftrueftion.
Confcience is a blufhing Ihame-fac’d fpirit.
That mutinies in a man’s bofom: it fills
One full of obflacles. Shakefpeare's Rich. III.
If all obflacles were cut away,
And that my path were even to the crown.
As the ripe reverence and due of birth.' Shakef. R. III.
Difparity in age feems a greater obflacle to an intimate
friendfhip than inequality of fortune; For the humours, bufinefs, and diverfions, of young and old, are generally very
different. Collier on Friendjbip.
Some conje&ures abrJut the formation of fand-ftorie, the
origin of mountains and iflands, I am obliged to look into
that they may not remain as obflacles to the lefs fkilful.
Woodw. Nat. Hifl.
What more natural and ufual obflacle to thofe who take
voyages, than winds and ftorms. Pope.
Obstetrica'tion. n.f. [from obfletricor, Lat.] The office
of a midwife.
Obste'trick. adj. [from obfletrix, Lat.] Midwififh; befitf
ting a midwife ; doing the midwife’s office.
There all the learn’d fhall at the labour ftand.
And Douglas lend his foft obfletrick hand. Dunciad, b. hr.
O'bstinacy.w./ [ohfhnation, Fr. cbflinatio, Lat. from obflinate.]
Stubbornnefs ; contumacy ; pertinacy ; perfiftency.
Chufing rather to ufe all extremities, which might drive
men to defperate obflinacy, than to apply moderate remedies.
. King Charles.
Moft writers ufe their words loofely and uncertainly, and
do not make plain and. clear deductions of words one from
another, which were not difficult to do, did they not find it
convenient to fhelter their ignorance, or obflinacy, under the
obfeurity of their terms. Locke.
What crops of wit and honefty appear.
From fpleen, from obflinacy, hate or’fear. Pope's EfT.
OBSTINATE, adj. [obfiinatus, Lat.] Stubborn ; contuma¬
cious ; fixed in refolution. Absolutely ufed, it has an ill fenfe ;
but relatively, it is neutral.
The queen is obflinate,
Stubborn to juftice, apt t’ accufe it, and
Difdainful to be try’d by’t. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Yield,
Except you mean with obflinate repulfe,
To flay your fov’reign. Shakefp.
I have known great cures done by obflinate refolutions of
drinking no wine. Temple.
Her father did not fail to find
In all fhe fpoke, the greatnefs of her mind ;
Yet thought fhe was not obflinate to die.
Nor deem’d the death fhe promis’d was fb nigh. Dryden.
Look on Simo’s mate;
No afs fo meek, no afs fo obflinate. Pope's Ep. ii.
Obstinately, adv. [fromobflinate.] Stubbornly; inflexibly;
with unfhaken determination.
Pembroke abhorred the war as obflinately, as he loved
hunting and hawking. Clarendon, b. ii.
A Greek made himfelf their prey,
T’ impofe on their belief, and Troy betray;
Fix'd on his aim, and obflinately bent
To die undaunted, or to circumvent. Dryden.
Inflexible
O B T O B T
Addijon.
Pope.
rnnels.
i he a£t of ftopLoud ; clamorous;
Inflexible to ill, and obfinately juft.
My fpoufe maintains her royal truft,
Tho’ tempted chafte, and obfinately juft.
O nsTiNateness. n.f. [from obfinate.] Stubbornnefs.
Obstipa'tion. »;f [from obfipoy Lat.J
ping up any paffage.
Obstre'perous. adj. [obfreperus, Lat.J
noify; turbulent ; vociferous.
Thefe objlreperous fcepticks arc the bane of divinity, who
are fo full of the fpirit of contradiction, that they raife daily
new difputes. HowePs Vocal Foreft.
Thefe obJlreperous\W\amsfaout> and know not for what they
make a noife. Dryden.
The players do not only connive at his objlreperous appro¬
bation, but repair at their own coft whatever damages he
makes. Addifon's Spectator, N^. 235.
Obstreperously, adv. [from objlreperous.] Loudly ; clamoroufly; noifily.
Obstreperousness. n. f. [ from objlreperous. J Loudnefs ;
clamour; noife; turbulence.
Obstruction, n. f. [from obfriftus, Latin.] Obligation;
bond.
He hath full right t’ exempt
Whom fo it pleafes him by choice,
From national obfriftion. Milton's Agonijles.
To OBSTRU'CT. v. a. [objlruo, Lat.J
1. To hinder; to be in the way of; to block up; to bar.
He them beholding, foon
Comes down to fee their city, ere the tow’r
Objlruft Heav’n-tow’rs. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Fat people are moft fubject to weaknefs in fevers, becaufe
the fat, melted by the feverifh heat, objlrufts the fmall canals.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. To oppofe ; to retard.
Obstru'cter. n. [. [from objlruft. J One that hinders or
oppofes.
2. To impetrate; to gain by the conceffion or excited kindnef?
of another.
In fuch our prayers cannot ferve us as means to obtain the
thing we defirc. Hooker, h. v. f. 48.
By his own blood he entered in once into the holy place,
having obtained eternal redemption for us. Heb. ix. 12.
If they could not be obtained of the proud and crafty ty¬
rant, then to conclude peace with him upon any conditions.
Knollcs's Hijlory of the ‘Turks.
Some pray for riches, riches they obtain ;
But watch’d by robbers for their wealth areflain. Dryden.
The conclufion of the ftory I forbore, becaufe I could not
obtain from myfelf to Ihew Abfalom unfortunate. Dryden.
To Obtai'n. v. n.
1. To continue in ufe.
The Theodohan Code, feveral hundred years after Juftinian’s time, did obtain in the weftern parts of Europe. Bak,
2. To be eftablifhed.
Our impious ufe no longer lhall obtain,
Brothers no more, by brothers, fhall be flain. Dryden.
The fituation of the fun and earth, which the theorift fuppofes, is fo far from being preferable to this which at prefent
obtains, that this hath infinitely the advantage of it. Woodw.
The general laws of fluidity, elafticity, and gravity, obtain
in animal and inanimate tubes. Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
3. To prevail; to fucceed.
There is due from the judge to the advocate, fome commendation where caufes are fair pleaded ; efpecially towards
the fide which obtaineth not. Bacon.
Obtainable, adj. [from obtain.J To be procured.
Spirits which come over in diftillations, mifcible with wa¬
ter, and wholly combuftible, are obtainable from plants by
previous fermentation. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Obta'iner. n.f [from obtain.J He who obtains.
To Obte'mperate. v. a. [obtemperer, Fr. obtempero, Lat.J To
obey. Dift.
Obstruction, n.f. [olflruftioyLat. obfruftion^ Fr. from cb- To Qbte'nd. v. a. [obtendo, Lat.J
fruft.J
I. Hindrance; difficulty.
Sure God by thefe difeoveries did defign.
That his clear light thro’ all the world fhould thine ;
Butthe obfruftion from that difeord fprings,
The prince of darknefs makes ’twixt Chriltian kings. Denh.
Obftacle; impediment; that which hinders.
All obfruftions in parliament, that is, all freedom in differ2.
1. To oppofe ; to hold out in oppofition.
2. To pretend ; to offer as the reafon of any thing.
Thou doft with lies the throne invade,
Obtending Heav’n for whate’er ills befal. Dryden.
Obtenebra'tion. n.f. [ob and tenebra:, Latin.] Darknefs;
the ftate ofbeing darkened ; the a£t of darkening ; cloudinefs._
In every megrim or vertigo, there is an ebtenebration joined
with a femblance of turning round. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
ingin votes, and debating matters with reafon and candour, Obte'nsion. n.f. [from obtend.] The a& of obtending
jnuft be taken away. King Charles.
In his winter quarters the king expected to meet with all
the obfruftions and difficulties his enraged enemies could lay
jn his way. Clarendon, b. viii.
Whenever a popular affembly free from obfruftions, and
already poffeffed of more power than an equal balance will
allow, fhall continue to think that they have not enough, I
cannot fee how the fame caufes can produce different effects
To Qbte'st. v. a. [obtefor, Latin.] To befeech; to fupplicate.
Suppliants demand
A truce, with olive branches in their hand ;
Obtef his clemency, and from the plain
Beg leave to draw the bodies of their flain. Dryden.
Obtesta'tion. n.f. \_obtefatio, Lat. from obtef.j Supplica¬
tion ; entreaty.
amongus, from what they did in Greece and Rome. Swift. Obtrecta'tion. n.f [obtrefto, Lat.J Slander; detraction ;
[In phyfick.J
The blocking up of any canal in the human body, fo as to
prevent the flowing of any fluid through it, on account of the
• increafed bulk of that fluid, in proportion to the diameter of
the veffel. Sftiincy.
4, In Shakefpeare it once fignifies fomething heaped together.
Aye but to die, and go we know not where;
To lie in cold objlruftion, and to rot;
This fenfible warm motion to become
A kneaded clod. Shakefpeare's Meafurefor Meafure.
Obstructive, adj. [abfruftif Fr. from obfruft.J Hindering ;
caufing impediment.
Having thus feparated this doCtrine of God’s predetermin¬
ing all events from three other things confounded with it, it
will now be difcernible how noxious and obfruftive this doc¬
trine is to the fuperftruCting all good life. Hammond.
Obstructive, n.f. Impediment; obftacle.
The fecond obfruftive is that of the fiduciary, that faith
is the only inftrument of his juftification, and excludes good
works from contributing any thing toward it. Hammond.
O'BSTRUENT. adj. [obfruenS) Lat.J Hindering; blocking up.
ObstUPEFA'ction. n. f. [ohfupefacio, Latin.] The aCt of
inducing ftupidity, or interruption of the mental powers.
ObstupefaCtive. adj. [from ohfupefacio, Lat.J Obftrudting the mental powers ; ftupifying.
The force of it is obfupefaftivey and no other. Abbot.
To OBTAIN, v. a. [obtenir, Fr. obtineo, Latin.]
j. To gain; to acquire; to procure.
May be that I may obtain children by her, Gen. xvi. 2.
We have obtained an inheritance. Eph. i. 11.
Whatever once is denied them, they are certainly not to
obtain by crying. Locke s Education.
The juices of the leaves are obtained by expreffion, which
is the nutritious juice rendered fomewhat more oleaginous.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
calumny.
To OBTRU'DE. v. a. [obtrudo, Latin.] To thruft into any
place or ftate by force or impofture ; to offer with unreafon-.
able importunity.
It is their torment, that the thing they Ihun doth follow
them, truth, as it were, even obtruding itfelf into their know¬
ledge, and not permitting them to be fo ignorant as they
would be. Hooker, b. v. f. 2.
There may be as great a vanity in retiring and withdraw¬
ing men’s conceits from the world, as in obtruding them. Bac.
Some things are eafily granted ; the reft ought not to be
obtruded upon me with the point of the fword. King Charles.
Who can abide, that againft their own doctors fix whole
books fhould, by their fatherhoods of Trent, be under pain
of a curfe, imperioufly obtruded upon God and his church ?
Hall.
Why fhouldft thou then obtrude this diligence
In vain, where no acceptance it can find ? Milton.
Whatever was not by them thought neceffary, muft not
by us be obtruded on, or forced into that catalogue. Hamm.
A caufe of common error is the credulity of men ; that
is, an eafy affent to what is obtruded, or believing at firft ear
what is delivered by others. Brown's V. Err.
The objects of our fenfes obtrude their particular ideas upon
our minds, whether we will or no ; and the operations of
our minds will not let us be without fome obfeure notions of
them. Locke.
Whether thy great forefathers came
From realms that bear Vefputio’s name ;
For fo conjectures would obtrude,
And from thy painted fkin conclude. Swift.
Obtru'der. n.f. [from obtrude.] One that obtrudes.
They will do juftice to the inventors or publifhers of the
true experiments, as well as upon the tbtruders of falfe ones.
Beyle,
Ojbtru'sion.
OBU
©btri/sion. n.f. [ from obtrufus, Latin.] The acl of ob¬
truding.
No man can think it other than the badge and method of
flavery, by favage rudenefs and importunate obtrujions of vio¬
lence, to have the mift of his errour and paffion dilpelled.
King Charles.
Obtru'sivf.. adj. [from obtrude.'] Inclined to force one s 1 elf
or any thing elfe, upon others.
Not obvious, not objlrufive, but rctir d
The more defirable. Miltons Paradife Lojl, b vm.
To Obtu'nd. v. a. [obtundo, Latin.] I o blunt; to dull; to
quell; to deaden. <
Avicen countermands letting blood in cholerick bodies, becaufe he efteems the blood a bridle of gall, obtnnding its
acrimony and fiercenefs. Harvey on Con,ump.
Obtura'tion. n.f. [from obturatus, Lat.] The a£t of flop¬
ping up any thing with fomething fmeared over it.
Obtu'sangular. adj. [from obtufe and angle.] Having angles
larger than right angles.
OBTU'SE. adj. [obtufus, Latin.]
1. Not pointed ; not acute.
2. Not quick ; dull; ftupid.
Thy fenfes then
Obtufe, all tafte of pleafures muft for-ego. Milt. P. Lojl.
3. Not ihrill ; obfeure: as, an obtufe found.
Obtu'sely. adv. [from obtufe.]
1. Without a point.
2. Dully; ftupidly.
Obtu'seness. n.f. [from obtufe.] Bluntnefs j dulnefs.
Obtusion. n.f. [from obtufe.]
1. The a£t of dulling.
2. The (late of being dulled.
Obtufion of the fenfes, internal and external Harvey.
Obve'ntion. n. f. [ obveniQf Latin. ] Something happening
not conftantly and regularly, but uncertainly ; incidental ad¬
vantage.
When the country grows more rich and better inhabited,
the tythes and other obventions, will alfo be more augmented
and better valued. Spenjer on Ireland.
To Obve'RT. v. a. [obverto, Lat.] To turn towards.
The laborant with an iron rod ftirred the kindled part of
the nitre, that the fire might be more diffufed, and more
parts might be obverted to the air. Boyle.
* A man can from no place behold, but there will be amongft
innumerable fuperficieculae, that look fome one way, and fome
another, enough of them obverted to his eye to afford a confufed idea of light. Boyle on Colours.
An eredt cone placed in an horizontal plane, at a great
diftance from the eye, we judge to be nothing but a flat circle,
if its bafe be obverted towards us. Watts's Logick.
To O'bviate. v. a. [from obvius, Lat. obviery Fr.] To meet
•in ithe way ; to prevent.
To lay down every thing in its full light, fo as to obviate
all exceptions, and remove every difficulty, would carry me
out too far. Woodward'? Nat. HiJL
O'BVIOUS. adj. [obvius, Latin.]
1. Meeting any thing ; oppofed in front to any thing.
To the evil turn
My obvious breaft ; arming to overcome
By fuffering, and earn reft from labour won. Milton.
2. Open; expofed. %
Whether fuch room in nature unpoileit
Only to fhine, yet fcarce to contribute
Each orb a glimpfe of light, convey’d fo far
Down to this habitable, which returns
Light back to them, is obvious to dilpute. Milton.
3. Ealily difeovered ; plain ; evident; eafily found.
Why was the fight
To fuch a tender ball as th’ eye confin’d.
So obvious and fo eafy to be quench’d ? Milton.
Entertain’d with folitude.
Where obvious duty ere while appear’d unfought. Milt.
They are fuch lights as are only obvious to every man of
fenfe, who loves poetry and underftands it. Dryden.
I am apt to think many words difficult or obfeure, which
are obvious to fcholars. Swift.
Thefe fentiments, whether they be impreffed on the foul,
or arife as obvious reflections of our reafon, I call natural, becaufe they have been found in all ages. _ Rogers.
All the great lines of our duty are clear and obvious; the
extent of it underftood, the obligation acknowledged, and
the wifdom of complying with it freely confeffed. Rogers.
O'bviously. adv. [from obvious.] Evidently ; apparently.
All purely identical propofitions obvioufy and at firft blufh,
contain no inftruCtion. . Locke.
Obviousness, n.f. [from obvious.] State of being evident
or apparent.
Slight experiments are more eafily and cheaply tried; I
thought their eafinefs or obvioufnefs fitter to recommend than
depreciate them. * Boyle.
To Obu'merat-E. v. a. [obumbro, Lat.] To {hade ; to cloud,
o c c
The rays of royal majefty reverberated fo firongly upoa
Villcrio, dilpelled all thole clouds which did hang over and
7 i , HoweIs bocal borejt. ovurnbratc mm. . o. c
ObumbratioN. n. f. [from obumbro, Latin.] 1 he ac. of
darkening or clouding.
OCCASION, n.f \occafion> Fr. occafio, Lat.]
1. Occurrence; cafualty; incident. ^
The laws of Chrift we find rather mentioned by occafion
in the writings of the Apoftles, than any folcmn thing diredlly written to comprehend them in legal fort. Hooker,
2. Opportunity ; convenience.
Unweeting, and unware of fuch mifhap,
She brought to mifehief through occafion, J
Where this fame wicked villain did me light upon. Fa.
That woman that cannot make her fault her hufband’s ec*
cafiony let her never nurfe her child herfelf, for fhe will breed
it like a fool. Shakefp. As you like it.
Becaufe of the money returned in our facks are we brought
in, that he may feek occafion, fall upon us, and take us for
bondmeru Gen.xXm. 18.
Ufe not liberty for an occafion. Gal. v. 134
Let me not let pafs
Occafion which now finiles. Milt. Par. LoJly b. ix»
I’ll take th’ occafion which he gives to bring
Him to his death. Waller.
With a mind as great as theirs he came
To find at home occafion for his fame.
Where dark confulions did the nations hide. Waller.
From this admonition they took only occafion to redouble
their fault, and to fleep again. South.
This one has occafion of obferving more than pnee in feveral fragments of antiquity, that are ftill to be feen in Rome.
Addifon on Italy.
3. Accidental caufe.
Have you ever heard what was the occafion and firft be¬
ginning of this cuftom ? Spsnfer on Ireland.
The fair for whom they ftrove.
Nor thought, when fhe beheld the fight from far,
Her beauty was th’ occaf.on of the war. Dryden*
4. Reafon not cogent, but opportune.
Your own bulinefs calls on you,
And you embrace th’ occafion to depart. Shakefpeare.
Concerning ideas lodged in the memory, and upon occafion.
revived by the mind, it takes notice of them as of a former
impreffiori. Locke*
5. Incidental need ; cafual exigence.
Never maftcr had
A page fo kind, fo duteous, diligent.
So tender over his occafions. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline*
Antony will ufe his affection where it is :
He married but his occafion here. Shakef Ant. and Cleop.
My occafions have found time to ufe them toward a fiipply
of money. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
They who are defirous of a name in painting, fhould read
with diligence, and make their obfervations of fuch things
as they find for their purpofe, and of which they may have
occafion. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Syllogifm is made ufe of on occafion to difeover a fallacy
hid in a rhetorical flourifh. Locke.
The ancient canons were very well fitted for the occafions
cf the church in its purer ages. Baker on Learning.
God hath put us into an imperfedl ftate, where we have
perpetual occafion of each other’s affiftance. Swift.
A prudent chief not always muft difplay
His pow’xs in equal ranks, and fair array.
But with th’ occafion and the place comply.
Conceal his force, nay, feem fometimes to fly. Pipe.
To Occa'sion. v. a. [occafionner, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To caufe cafually.
Who can find it reafonable that the foul fhould, in its re¬
tirement, during fleep, never light on any of thofe ideas it
borrowed not from fenfation, preferve the memory of no
ideas but fuch, which being occafioned from the body, muft
needs be lefs natural to a fpirit ? Locke.
The good Plalmift condemns thefoolifli thoughts, which
a reflection on the profperous ftate of his affairs had fome¬
times occafioned in him. Atterbury.
2. To caufe ; to produce.
I doubt not, whether the great encreafe of that difeafe may
not have been occafioned by the cuftom of much wine in¬
troduced into our common tables. Temple.
By its ftyptic quality it affeCts the nerves, very often occafioning tremors. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. To influence.
If we enquire what it is that occafions men to make feveral
combinations of Ample ideas into diftinCl modes, and negleCt others which have as much an aptnefs to be combined,
we flhall find the reafon to be the end of language. Locke.
Occasional, adj. [occafionel, Fr. from occafion.]
1. Incidental; calual.
Thus much is fufficient out of feripture, to verify our ex¬
plication
o c c o c c
plication of the deluge, according to the Mofaical hiftory of
the flood, and according to many occafional reflections difperfed
in other places of fcripture concerning it. Burnet.
2. Producing by accident.
The ground or occafional original hereof, was the amaze¬
ment and fudden filence the unexpected appearance of wolves
does often put upon travellers. Browns Vulgar Errours.
3. Produced by occafion or incidental exigence.
Thofe letters were not writ to all ;
Nor firft intended but occafional,
Their abfent fermons. Dryd. Hind, and Panth.
Occasionally, adv. [from occafional.] According to inci¬
dental exigence; incidentally.
Authority and reafon on her wait.
As one intended firft, not after made
Occafanally. _ Milton's Paradife Loft, b. viii.
I have endeavoured to interweave with the aflertions fome
of the proofs whereon they depend, and 0ccafionally fcatter
feveral of the more important obfervations throughout the
JVoodw. Nat. Hift.
Occa sioner. n.f. [from occafon.^ One that caufes, or pro¬
motes by defign or accident.
She with true lamentations made known to the world,
that her new greatnefs did no way comfort her in refpect of
her brother’s lofs, whom {he ftudied all means poflible to
revenge upon every one of the occafioners. Sidney, b. ii.
Some men will load me as if I were a wilful and refolved
occafoner of my own and my fubje&s miferies. K. Charles.
In cafe a man dig a pit and leave it open, whereby it
happeneth his neighbour’s beaft to fall thereinto and perifh,
the owner of the pit is to make it good, in as much as he
was the occafioner of that lofs to his neighbour. Sanderfon.
Occeca tion. n.f. [occacatioy from occeeco, Latin.] The aCt
of blinding or making blind.
Thofe places fpeak of obduration and occecation, fo as
if the blindnefs that is in the minds, and hardnefs that is
in the hearts of wicked men, were from God. Sanderfon.
O'ccident. n.f. [from occidens, Latin.] The weft.
The envious clouds are bent
To dim his glory, and to ftain the traCl
Of his bright paflage to the Occident. Shakef. R. II.
Occidental, adj. [occidentalism Latin.] Weftern.
Ere twice in murk and occidental damp,
Moift Hefperus hath quench’d his fleepy lamp. Shakefp.
If file had not been drained, fhe might have tiled her pa¬
laces with occidental gold and filver. Howel.
Eaft and weft have been the obvious conceptions of phiIcfophers, magnifying the condition of India above the fetting and occidental climates. Brown’s Vulgar Err.
Occi'duous. adj. [occidens, Latin.] Weftern.
Occi'pital. adj. [occipitalis, Latin. ] Placed in the hinder
part of the head.
G'CCIPUT. n.f. [Latin.] The hinder part of the head.
His broad-brim’d hat
Hangs o’er his occiput moft quaintly.
To make the knave appear more fainrly. Butler.
Occasion, n.f [from occifo, Latin.] The act of killing.
To Occlu'de. v. a. [occludo, Latin.] To {hut up.
They take it up, and roll it upon the earths, whereby
occluding the pores they conferve the natural humidity, and
fo prevent corruption. Brown.
Occjlu'se. adj. [occlufuSm Latin.] Shut up; clofed.
The appulfe is either plenary and occlufe, fo as to preclude
all paflages of breath or voice through the mouth; or elfe
partial and pervious, fo as to give them fome paflages out
of the mouth. Holder’s Elements of Speech.
Occlu'sion. n.f. [from occlufioy Latin.] The a<St of {hutting
up.
OCCU'LT. adj. [occulteyYr. occultus, Lat.] Secret; hidden;
unknown j undifcoverable.
If his occult guilt
Do not itfelf unkennel in one fpeech,
It is a damned ghoft that we have feen. Shakefp. Ham.
An artift will play a leflon on an inftrument without mind¬
ing a ftroke; and our tongues will run divilions in a tune
not miffing a note, even when our thoughts are totally en¬
gaged elfewhere : which effects are to be attributed to fome
fecret add of the foul, which to us is utterly occult, and with¬
out the ken of our intelle&s. Glanv. Scepf. c. iv.
Thefe inftincts we call occult qualities; which is all one
with faying that we do not underftand how they work. L’Ejl.
Thefe are manifeft qualities, and their caufes only are oc¬
cult. And the Ariftotelians gave the name of occult qualities
not to manifeft qualities, but to luch qualities only as they
fuppofed to lie hid in bodies, and to be the unknown caufes
of manifeft effects. Newt. Opt.
Occulta'tion. n.f. [occultatioy Latin.]
In aftronomy, is the time that a ftar or planet is hid from
our fight, when eclipfed by interpofltion of the body of the
moon, or fome other planet between it and us. Harris.
Gccu'ltness. n.f. [from occult.'] Secretnefs; ftate of being hid.
O'ccupancy. n.f. [from occupanty Latin.] The act of tak¬
ing pofleffion.
Of moveables, fome are things natural; others, things ar¬
tificial. Property in the firft is gained by occupancy, in the
latter by improvement. JVarburton on Literary Property.
O'ccupant. n.f. [occupansy Latin.] He that takes pofleffion
of any thing.
Of beafts and birds the property pafleth with the pofleffion,
and goeth to the occupant; but of civil people not fo. Bacon.
To O'ccupate. v.a. [occupOy Latin.] Topoflefs; to hold;
to take up.
Drunken men are taken with a plain deftitution in volun¬
tary motion ; for that the fpirits of the wine oppre/s the fpirits animal, and occupate part of the place where they are,
and fo make them weak to move. Bacon’s Nat. Hiftory.
Occupation, n.f. [from occupation, Fr. occupatio, Lat.]
1. The act of taking pofleffion.
Spain hath enlarged the bounds of its crown within this laft
fixfcore years, much more than the Ottomans : I fpeak not of
matches or unions, but of arms, occupations, invaflons. Bacon.
2. Employment; builnefs.
Such were the diftreflcs of the then infant world; fo inceflant their occupations about provifion for food, that there
was little leifure to commit any thing to writing. IVoodw.
In your moft bufy occupationsy when you are never fo much
taken up with other affairs, yet now and then fend up an
ejaculation to the God of your falvation. Wake.
3. Trade ; calling; vocation.
The red peftilence ftrike all trades in Rome,
And occupations perifh. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
He was of the fame craft with them, and wrought, for by
their occupation they were tent-makers. Adis xviii. 3.
O'ccupier. n.f. [from occupy.]
1. A pofleflor ; one who takes into his pofleffion.
If the title of occupiers be good in a land unpeopled, why
fhould it be bad accounted in a country peopled over thinly ?
Raleigh’s Ejfays.
2. One who follows any employment.
Thy merchandife and the occupiers of thy merchandife,
{hall fall into the midft of the feas. Ezek. xxvii. 27.
To O'CCUPY. v.a. [occuper, Fr. occupoy Latin.]
1. To poflefs ; to keep; to take up.
How {hall he that occupietb the room of the unlearned fay
amen at thy giving of thanks, feeing he underftandeth not
what thou fayeft? 1 Cor. xiv. 16.
Powder being fuddenly fired altogether, upon this high rarefa&ion, requireth a greater fpace than before its body oc¬
cupied. Brown s Vulgar Err. b. ii.
He muft aflert, that there were infinite generations before
that firft deluge ; and then the earth could not receive them,
but the infinite bodies of men muft occupy an infinite fpace.
Bentley’s Sermons.
2. To bufy; to employ.
They occupied themfelves about the fabbath, yielding ex¬
ceeding praife to the Lord. 2 Mac. viii. 27.
How can he get wifdom that driveth oxen and is occupied
in their labours, and whofe talk is ofbullocks ? Ecc. xxxviii. 25.
He that giveth his mind to the law of the moft high, and
is occupied in the meditation thereof, will feek out the wif¬
dom of all the ancient, and be occupied in prophefies.
Ecclus xxxix. 1.
3. To follow as bufinefs.
They occupy their bufinefs in deep waters. Comm. Prayer.
Mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandife. Ez.xxvii. g.
4. Toufe; to expend.
All the gold occupied for the work, was twenty and nine
talents. Exodus xxxviii. 24.
To Occu'py. v.n. To follow bufinefs.
He called his ten fervants, and delivered them ten pounds,
and faid unto them, occupy till I come. Luke xix. 13.
To OCCU'R. v. n. [occurroy Latin.]
1. To be prefented to the memory or attention.
There doth not occur to me any ufe of this experiment for
profit. Bacon’s Nat. Hift.
The mind fhould be always ready to turn itfelf to the va¬
riety of objects that occur, and allow them as much confideration as {hall be thought fit. Locke.
The far greater part of the examples that occur to us, are
fo many encouragements to vice and difobedience. Rogers.
2. To appear here and there.
In fcripture, though the word heir occur, yet there is no
fuch thing as heir in our author’s fenfe. Locke.
3. To clalh ; to ftrike againft ; to meet.
All bodies have a determinate motion according to the de¬
grees of their external impulfe, their inward principle of gra¬
vitation, and the refiftance of the bodies they occur with.
Bentley’s Sermons.
4. To obviate; to make oppofition to. A latinifm.
Before I begin that I muft occur to one fpecious obje&ioa
againft this propofition. Bentley’s Serm.
18 M Occurrence.
OCT
Qccu'rreKce. n.f. [occurrence, Fr. from occur: this was perhaps
originally occurrentus.)
1. Incident: accidental event. ,. , •
In education molt time is to be bellowed on that which is
of the greatell confequence in the ordinary courfe an occur¬
rences of that life the young man is defigned for. oc c.
2. Occafional prefentation. ,
Voyages detain the mind by the perpetual occurrence and
f expectation of fomething new. l'
Occu'RRENT. n.f. [occurrent, Fr. occurrens, Lat.J Incident;
any thing that happens.
Contentions were as yet never able to prevent two evils,
the one a mutual exchange of unfeemly and unjuft difgraces,
the other a common hazard of both, to be made a prey by
fuch as ftudy how to work upon all occurrents, with molt ad¬
vantage in private. Hfer’s Dedicat.
He did himfelf certify all the news and occurrents in
every particular, from Calice, to th'e mayor and aldermen of
London. . _ ***** Henry VII.
Occu'rsion. n.f. [occurfum, Latin.] Clalh; mutual blow.
In the refolution of bodies by fire, fome of the diffipated
parts may, by their various occurfion occafioned by the heat,
flick clofely. .
Now fhould thofe aCtive particles, ever and anon pitied
by the occurfion of other bodies, fo orderly keep their cells
without alteration of fite. _ Glanv. ScepJ.
O'CEAN. n.f. [ocean, Fr. oceanus, Latin.]
1. The main ; the great fea.
The golden fun falutes the morn.
And, having gilt the ocean with his beams.
Gallops the zodiack. Sbakefp. Tit. and Andromcus.
Will all great Neptune’s ocean walk this blood
Clean from my hand ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
2. Any immenfe expanfe.
Time, in general, is to duration, as place to expaniion.
They are fo much of thofe boundlefs oceans of eternity and
immenfity, as is fet out and diltinguilhed from the reft, to
denote the pofition of finite real beings, in thofe uniform,
infinite oceans of duration and fpace. oc ,e.
O'cean. ad}. [This is not ufual, though conformable to the
original import of the word.] Pertaining to the main or great
fea.
In bulk as huge as that fea-beaft
Leviathan, which God of all his works
Created hugeft that fwim th’ ocean ftream. Milt. P. Lojt.
Bounds were f^t
To darknefs, fuch as bound the ocean wave. Milton.
Ocea'nick. n.f. [from ocean.] Pertaining to the ocean. Did?.
Oce'llated. adj. [ocellatus, Latin.] Refembling the eye.
The white butterfly lays its offspring on cabbage leaves ; a
very beautiful reddifh ocellated one. Derham’s Phyfco Theol.
O'chre. n.f. [ochre, acre, Fr. «%p«.]
The earths diftinguifhed by the name of ochres are thofe
which have rough or naturally dufty furfaces, are but flightly
coherent in their texture, and are compofed of fine and foft
argillaceous particles, and are readily diffufible in water.
They are of various colours ; fuch as red, yellow, blue, green,
black. The yellow fort are called ochres of iron, and the
blue ochres of copper. _ Hill’s Mat. Med.
O'chreous. adj. [from ochre.\ Confuting of ochre.
In the interfaces of the flakes is a grey, chalky, or ochre-
• ous matter. . Woodward on Fojfils.
O'chrey. adj. [from ochre.~\ Partaking of ochre.
This is conveyed about by the water ; as we find in earthy,
ochrey, and other loofe matter. JVoodw. on FoJJ.
O'chimy. H, J, [formed by corruption from alchuny.^ A mixed
bafe metal.
G'CTAGON. n.f. [oxld and yuvla.} In geometry, a figure
confifting of eight fides and angles; and this, when all the
fides and angles are equal, is called a regular oFtagon, which
may be inferibed in a circle. _ Harris.
Octa'c-onal. adj. [from oFtagon.~\ Having eight angles and
fides.
Octa'ngular. adj. [oFto and angulus, Lat.] Having eight
angles. Diet.
Octa'kgularness. n.f. [from octangular.'] The quality of
having eight angles. , . 7)iFi.
Octa'nt. i aclj. In aftrology, is, when a planet is in fuch
Octi'le. 5 an afpedt or pofition with refpeCt to another, that
their places are only diftant an eighth part of a circle or
forty-five degrees. DiFt.
OctaVe. n.f [oFtave, Fr. oFtavus, Lat.]
1. The eighth day after fome peculiar feftival.
2. [In mulick.] An eighth or an interval of eight founds.
3. Eight days together after a feftival. Ainf.
OCTA'VQ. [Lat.] A book is faid to be in oFtavo when a
fheet is folded into eight leaves. DiFt.
They now accompany the fecond edition of the original
experiments, which were printed firft in Englilh in oFtavo.
' ' Boyle.
CD D
Octe NNIAL. adj. [from offehnium, Lat.]
1. Happening every eighth year.
2. Lafting eight years.
OCTOBER, n.f [October, Lat. cFtobre, Fr.J I he tentn month
of the year, or the eighth numbered from Marcn.
October is drawn in"a garment of yellow and carnation 5
upon his head a garland of oak leaves, in his right hand the
fign fcorpio, in his left a bafket of fervifes. Peacham.
Octoe'drical. adj. Having eight fides. DiSti
OcTO GEN ary. adj. [oFtogeni, Lat] Of eighty years of age.
Din.
O'CTONARY. adj. [oFionarius, Lat.] Belonging to the num- .
ber eight. , , HiFt.
Octono'cular. adj. [0FI0 and occulus.] Having eight eyes.
Molt animals are binocular ; fpiders for the moft part oFtonocular, and fome fenocular. Denhams Phyfico-Theol.
Octope'talous. adj. [oxlu and -rr^xXov, Gr.] Having eight
flower leaves. DiFt.
O'ctostyle. n.f. [axial and rvA^, Gr.] In the ancient ar¬
chitecture, is the face of a building or ordonnance containing
eight columns. ^ Harris.
Octuple, adj. [oFiuplus, Lat.] Eight fold. DiFt.
O'CULAR. adj. [oculaire, Fr. from oculus, Lat.] Depending
on the eye; known by the eye.
Prove my love a whore,
Be fure of, it: give me the ocular proof.
Or thou hadft better have been born a dog. Shakefpearel
He that would not believe the menace of God at firft, it
may be doubted whether before an ocular example he be¬
lieved the curfe at firft. Brown’s V. Err.
O'cularl Y. adv. [from ocular.] To the obfervation of the eye.
The fame is ocularly confirmed by Vives upon Auftin. Bro.
O'culate. adj. [oculatus, Latin.] Having eyes; knowing by
the eye. ^
O'culist. n.f. [from oculus, Latin.] One who profeffes to
cure diftempers of the eyes.
If there be a fpeck in the eye, we take them off; but he
were a ftrange oculift who would pull out the eye. Bacon.
I am no oculijl, and if I fhould go to help one eye and put
out the other, we fhould have but an untoward bufinefs of it.
L’Ejbange.
O CULUS beli. [Latin.]
The oculus beli of the modern jewellers, and probably of
Pliny, is only an accidental variety of the agat kind ; having
a grey horny ground, with circular delineations, and a fpot
in the middle of them fomething refembling the fight of the
eye ; whence the ftone had its name. Waodw.
ODD. adj. [udda, Swedifh.]
1. Not even ; not divifible into equal numbers.
This is the third time; I hope
Good luck lies in odd numbers. Shakefpeare.
What verity there is in that numeral conceit, in the lateral
divifion of man by even and odd; aferibing the odd unto the
right fide, and the even unto the left; and fo by parity, or
imparity of letters in mens names, to determine misfortunes.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
2. More than a round number ; indefinitely exceeding any
number fpecified.
The account of the profits of Ulfter, from the fifth year
of Edward Hid. until the eighth, do amount but to nine
hundred and odd pounds. Davies on Ireland.
Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made,
it was deftroyed in a deluge of water. Burnet’s Theory.
The year, without regard to days, ends with an odd day
and odd hours, odd minutes and odd feconds of minutes; fo
that it cannot be meafured by any even number of days,
hours, or minutes. Holder on Time.
3. Particular ; uncouth; extraordinary ; not like others ; not
to be numbered among any dais. In a fenfe of contempt or
diflike.
Her madnefs hath the oddejl frame of fenfe.
Such a dependency of thing on thing.
As e’er I heard in madnefs. Shakef. Meafurefor Mcaf
Of thee, kind boy, I aik no red and white.
To make up my delight,
No odd becoming graces,
Black eyes, or little know"not what’s in faces. Suckling.
This blue colour being made by nothing elfe than by re¬
flexion ot a fpecular iuperficies, feems fo odd a phenomenon
and fo difficult to be explained by the vulgar hypothefis of
philofophers, that I could not but think it deferved to be
taken notice of. Newt. Opt.
When I broke loofe from writers who have employed their
wit and parts in propagating of vice, I did not queition but
I ihould be treated as an odd kind ot a fellow. Spectator.
No fool Pythagoras was thought;
He made his lift’ning fcholars ftand,
Their mouth ftill cover’d with their hand :
Life, may be, fome odd thinking youth.
Might have refus’d to let his ears
Attend the mufic of the, fpheres.
1
Prior.
So
i
ODD
So proud I am no flave,
So impudent I own myfelf no knave.
So odd, my country’s ruin makes me grave. Pope.
4. Not noted ; not taken into the common account3 unheeded.
I left him cooling of the air with fighs,
In an odd angle of the ifle. Shakefp. Tempejl.
There are yet miffing fome few odd lads that you remem¬
ber not. Shakefpeare's Tempejl.
5. Strange; unaccountable 3 fantaftical.
How ftrange or odd foe’er I bear myfelf,
As I, perchance, hereafter fhall think meet,
To put an antick difpofition on. Shake/. Hamlet.
It is an odd way of uniting parties to deprive a majority of
part of their ancient right, by conferring it on a faction, who
had never any right at all. Swift.
Patients have fometimes coveted odd things which have re¬
lieved them ; as fait and vinegar. Arbuthn. on Aliments.
6. Uncommon 3 particular.
The odd man to perform all three perfedily is, Joannes
Sturmius. Afcham’s Schoolmajler.
7. Unlucky.
The truft Othello puts him in,
On fome odd time of his infirmity,
Will fhake this ifland. Shakefp. Othello.
8. Unlikely ; in appearance improper.
Mr. Locke’s Effay would be a very odd book for a man to
make himfelf mafter of, who would get a reputation by cri¬
tical writings. Addifon's Spectator, Ny. 291.
O'ddly. adv. [from odd. This word and oddnefs, fhould, I
think, be written with one d3 but the writers almoft all com¬
bine againft it.]
1. Not evenly.
2. Strangely3 particularly3 unaccountably 3 uncouthly.
How oddly will it found, that I,
Muft afk my child forgivenefs. Shake/. Tempejl.
One man is prefTed with poverty, and looks fomewhat
oddly upon it. Collier on the Spleen.
The dreams of fleeping men are made up of the waking
man’s ideas, though for the moft part oddly put together. Locke.
This child was near being excluded out of the fpecies of
man barely by his fhape. It is certain a figure a little more
oddly turned had caft him, and he had been executed. Locke.
The real ellence of fubftances we know not3 and there¬
fore are fo undetermined in our nominal effences, which we
make ourielves, that if feveral men were to be afked con¬
cerning fome caW/y-fhaped fetus, whether it were a man or
no ? it is paft doubt, one fhould meet with different anfwers.
Locke.
Her aukward love indeed was oddly fated 3
She and her Polly were too near related. Prior.
As mafters in the clare obfeure.
With various light your eyes allure :
A flaming yellow here they fpread 3
Draw off in blue, or charge in red 3
Yet from thefe colours oddly mix’d.
Your fight upon the whole is fix’d. Prior.
They had feen a great black fubftance lying on the ground
very 0<A;/y-fhaped. Gulliv. Trav.
Foffils are very oddly and elegantly fhaped, according to
• the modification of their conftituent (alts, or the cavities they
are formed in. Bentley's Serm.
O ddness, n. f. [from odd.]
1. The ftate of being not even.
2. Strangenefs 3 particularity 3 uncouthnefs.
Coveting to recommend himfelfto pofterity, Cicero begged
it as an alms of the hiftorians, to remember hisconfulfhip : and
obferve the oddnefs of the event3 all their hiftories are loft,
and the vanity of his requeft ftands recorded in his own writ¬
ings. Dryden’s Aurengccebe, Pref.
A knave is apprehenftve of being difeovered 3 and this ha¬
bitual concern puts an oddnefs into his looks. Collier.
My wife fell into a violent diforder, and I was a little difcompofed at the oddnefs of the accident. Szvift.
Odds. n.f [from odd.]
1. Inequality 3 excefs of either compared with the other.
Between thefe two cafes there are great odds. Hooker.
The cafe is yet not like, but there appeareth great odds
between them. Spenfer on Ireland.
I will lay the odds that ere this year expire.
We bear our civil fwords and native fire,
As far as France. Shakefpeare's Henry IV. p. ii.
Cromwel, with odds of number and of fate.
Remov’d this-bulwark of the church and ftate. Waller.
I chiefly who, enjoy
So far the happier lot, enjoying thee
Pre-emineot by fo much odds. Milton s Pa> adife Lofl.
. Shall I give him to partake
Full happinefs with me ? or rather not;
Byt keep the odds of knowledge in my pow r
Without co-partner ? Milton s Paradife Lofl, b. ix.
All thefe, thus unequally furnilhed with truth, and adO D I
vanced in knowledge, I fuppofe of equal natural parts; all the
odds between them has been the different fcope that has
been given to their underftandings to range in. Locke.
Judging is balancing an account, and determining on which
fide the odds lie. Locke.
2. More than an even wager.
Since every man by nature is very prone to think the beft
of himfelf, and of his own condition ; it is odds but he will
find a fhrewd temptation. South's Serm.
The prefbyterian party endeavoured one day to introduce
a debate about repealing the tell: claufe, when there appeared
at leaft four to one odds againft them. Swift.
Some bifhop beftows upon them fome inconfiderable be¬
nefice, when ’tis odds they are already encumbered with a
numerous family. Swift's Mifcell,
3. Advantage 5 fuperiority.
And tho’ the fword, fome underftood.
In force had much the odds of wood,
’Twas nothing fo ; both Tides were balanc’d
So equal, none knew which was valiant’ft. Hudibras.
4. Quarrel 3 debate 3 dilpute.
I can’t fpeak
Any beginning to this peevilh odds. Shake/. Othello.
What is the night ?
Almoft at odds with the morning, which is which. Shak.
He flafhes into one grofs crime or other.
That fets us all at odds. Shakefp. King Lear,
The fox, the ape, and the humble-bee.
Were ftill at odds, being but three 3
Until the goofe came out of door.
And ftaid the odds by adding four. Sha. L. Lab. Lojli
Gods of whatfoe’er degree.
Refume not what themfelves have given,
Or any brother God in heav’n 3
Which keeps the peace among the Gods,
Or they muft always be at odds. Swift's Mifcelh
Ode. n.f [wJA] A poem written to be fung to mufick; a
lyrick poem 3 the ode is either of the greater or lefs kind.
The lefs is charadterifed by fweetnefs and eafe 3 the greater
by fublimity, rapture, and quicknefs of tranfition.
A man haunts the foreft that abufes our young plants with
carving Rofalind on their barks ; hangs odes upon hawthorns*
and elegies on brambles, all forfooth deifying the name of
Rofalind. Shakefp. Asyou like it.
O run, prevent them with thy humble ode,
And lay it lowly at his blelfed feet. Milt. Poems<
What work among you fcholar Gods !
Phcebus muft write him am’rous odes;
And thou, poor coufin, muft compofe
His letters in fubmillive profe. Prior.
O'dible. adj. [from ocli.] Hateful. Dikii
O'DIOUS. adj. [odieux, Fr. ocliofus, Latin.]
1. Hateful 3 deteftable 3 abominable.
For ever all goodnefs will be moft charming; for ever all
wickednefs will be moft odious. Sprat's Serm.
Hatred is the paffion of defence, and there is a kind of
hoftility included in its very elfence. But then, if there
could have been hatred in the world, when there was fcarce
any thing odious, it would have adled within the compafs of
its proper objedf. South's Sermons,
Let not the Trojans, with a feign’d pretence
Of proffer’d peace, delude the Latian prince :
Expel from Italy that odious name. Dryden.
She breathes the odious fume
Of naufeous fteams, and poifons all the room. Granv.
2.Expofed to hate.
Another means for raifing money, was, by inquiring after
offences of officers in great place, who as by unjuft dealing
they became moft odious, fo by juftice in their punifnments
the prince acquired both love and applaufe. Hayivard.
He had rendered himfelf odious to the parliament. Clarend.
3.Caufmg hate 3 incidious.
The feventh from thee,
The only righteous in a world perverfe.
And therefore hated, therefore fo befet
With foes, for daring Angle to be juft,
And utter odious truth, that God would come
To judge them with his faints. Milton s Par. Lojl.
O'diously. adv. [from odious.]
1. Hatefully 3 abominably.
Had thy love, ftill odioufy pretended.
Been as it ought, ftneere, it would have taught thee
Far other reas’nings. Milton's Agoni/les.
2. Invidioufly 3 fo as to caufe hate.
Arbitrary power no fober man can fear, either from the
king’s difpofition or his practice 3 or even where you would
odioufy lay it, from his minifters. Dryden.
O'diousness. n.f. [from odious,']
1. Hatefulnefs.
Have a true fenfe of his fin, of its odioufnefs, and of its
danger Wake's Prep,for Death.
2. The
O E I
2.The ftate of being hated.
There was left of the blood royal, an aged gentleman of
approved goodnefs, who had gotten nothing by his coufin’s
power but danger from him, and odioufnefs for him. Sidney.
ODIUM, n.f[Latin.] Invidioufnefs ; quality of provoking hate.
The odium and offences which fome men’s rigour or remifnefs had contracted upon my government, I was refolved
to have expiated. King Charles.
She threw the odium of the faCt on me,
And publickly avowed her love to you. Dryden.
Odonta'lgick. adj. [oJwv and aAyoj.] Pertaining to the
tooth-ach.
O'dorate. adj. [odoratus, Latin.] Scented; having aftrong
feent, whether feetid or fragrant.
Smelling is with a communication of the breath, or va¬
pour of the objeCt odorate. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
ODORI'FEROUS. adj. [odorifer, Lat.] Giving lcent; ufually,
fweet of feent; fragrant; perfumed.
A bottle of vinegar fo buried, came forth more lively and
odoriferous, fmelling almoft like a violet. Bacon.
Gentle gales
Fanning their odoriferous wings, difpenfe
Native perfumes, and whifper whence they ftole
Thefe balmy fpoils. Milton's Par. Loft, h. iv.
Smelling bodies fend forth effluvias of fteams, without fenfibly wafting. Thus a grain of mufk will fend forth odori¬
ferous particles for fcores of years, without its being fpent.
Locke.
Odori ferousness. n. f. [ from odoriferous. ] Sweetnefs of
feent; fragrance.
Odorous, adj. [odorus, Lat.] Fragrant; perfumed; fweet
of feent.
Such fragrant flowers do give molt odorous fmell,
But her fweet odour did them all excel. Spenfer.
Their private roofs on od'rous timber borne.
Such as might palaces for kings adorn. Waller.
"We fmell, becaufe parts of the odorous body touch the
nerves of our noftrils. Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
Odour, n.f. [odor, Lat. odeur, Fr.]
I. Scent, whether good or bad.
Democritus, when he lay a dying, lent for loaves of new
bread, which having opened and poured a little wine into
them, he kept himfelf alive with the odour till a certain feaft
was . . Bacon.
Infufions in air, for fo we may call odours, have the fame
diverfities with infufions in water; in that the feveral odours
which are in one flower or other body, iflue at feveral times,
fome earlier, fome later. Bacon.
They refer fapor unto fait, and odour unto fulphur; they
vary much concerning colour. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Fragrance ; perfume ; fweet feent.
Me feem’d I fmelt a garden of fweet flow’rs,
That dainty odours from them threw around.
For damfels fit to deck their lover’s bow’rs. Spenfer.
By her interceffion with the king fbe would lay a moll feafonable and popular obligation upon the whole nation, and
leave a pleafant odour of her grace and favour to the people
behind her. Clarend.
The Levites burned the holy incenfe in fuch quantities
as refrefhed the whole multitude with its odours, and filled
all the region about them with perfume. Addifon's Freehold.
OE. This combination of vowels does not properly belong to
i our language, nor is ever found but in words derived from
the Greek, and not yet wholly conformed to our manner of
writing: oe has in fuch words the found of E.
OeCono'micks. n.f. [o’niovofuxo's, aeconomique, Fr. from oeconomy. Both it and its derivatives are under economy.] Manage¬
ment of houfehold affairs.
A prince’s leaving his bufinefs wholly to his minifters, is
as dangerous an errour in politicks, as a mafter’s committing
all to his fervant, is in oeconomicks. L'Eftrange.
Oecu menical. adj. [oixu/xsvdio;, from ontaumu.] General;
refpe£ling the whole habitable world.
This Nicene council was not received as an oecumenical
council in any of the eaftern patriarchates, excepting only
that of Conftantinople. Stillingfleet.
Oedema, ti.j, [gj from to fwell.J A tumour. It
is now and commonly by furgeons confined to a white, foft, infenfible tumour, proceeding from cold and aqueous humours,
fuch as happen to hydropick conftitutions. Quincy.
Oedema'tick. } r rc » id . . ,
Oede'matous. J adj' Lb"01” oedema.] Pertaining to an oedema.
-ft/ primarily generated out of the effufion of mclancholick blood, or iecondarily out of the dregs and remainder of
a phlegmonous or oedcmatick tumour, Harvey on Confump.
1 he great difeharge of matter, and the extremity of pain
waited her, oedematous fwellings arole in her legs, and (he
lqnguilhed and died. mfman', S*rS„y.
e iljad. n.f. from ceil, French.] Glance; wink; token
of the eye.
7
O F
She gave oeiliads and moft fpeaking looks
To noble Edmund. Shakefp. King Lear.
O’er, contracted from over. See Over.
His tears defac’d the furface of the well.
With circle after circle as they fell.
And now the lovely face but half appears.
O'er run with wrinkles and defac’d with tears. Addifon.
Oe‘sophagus. n.f [ from onro;, wicker, from fome fimilitude in the ftructure of this part to the contexture of
that ; and (pdyu to eat.] The gullet; a long, large, and
round canal, that defeends from the mouth, lying all along
between the windpipe and the joints of the neck and back,
to the fifth joint of the back, where it turns a little to the
right, and gives way to the defeending artery; and both run
by one another, till at the ninth the oefophagus turns again to
the left, pierces the midrift', and is continued to the left orifice
of the ftomach. Quincy.
Wounds penetrating the oefophagus and afpera arteria, re¬
quire to be ftitched clofe, efpecially thofe of the oefophagusy
where the fuftenance and faliva fo continually prefleth into it.
Wifeman's Surgery.
Of. prep, [op, Saxon.]
1. It is put before the fubftantive that follows another in conftrueftion ; as, of thefe part wereJ,lain ; that is, part of thefe.
I cannot inftantly raife up the grofs
Of full three thoufand ducats. Shakefpeare.
He to his natural endowments of a large invention, a ripe
judgment, and a ftrong memory, has joined the knowledge
of the liberal arts. Dryden.
All men naturally fly to God in extremity, and the moft:
atheiftical perfon in the world, when forfaken of all hopes
of any other relief, is forced to acknowledge him. Tillotfon,
They will receive it at laft with an ample accumulation of
intereft. Smallridge's Serm.
Since the roufing of the mind with fome degrees of vigour,
does fet it free from thofe idle companions. Locke.
The value of land is raifed only by a greater plenty of
money.
2. It is put after comparative and fuperlative adje&ives.
The moft renowned of all are thofe to whom the name is
given Philippine. Abbot's Defcript. of the World.
We profefs to be animated with the beft hopes of any men
in the world. Tillotfon's Serm.
At midnight, the-moft difmal and unfeafonable time of all
other, then all thofe virgins arofe and trimmed their lamps.
. Tillotfon, Serm. 31.
VVe are not to deferibe our fhepherds as fhepherds at this
day really are, but as they may be conceived then to have
been, when the beft of men followed the employment. Pope.
Peace, of all worldly bleflings, is the moft valuable. Small.
3. From.
The captain of the Helots, with a blow whofe violence
grew of fury, not of ftrength, or of ftrength proceeding of
fury, ftruck Palladius upon the fide of the head. Sidney.
On,e that I brought up of a puppey, one that
I fav’d from drowning. Shak. Two Gent, of Verona.
He borrowed a box of the ear of the Englifhman, and
Iwore he would pay him again when he was able. Shakef
It was called Corcyra of Corcyra, the daughter of AEfopus.
r, . , . Sandy's Travels.
4. Concerning; relating to.
The quarrel is not now of fame and tribute.
Or of wrongs done unto confederates,
But for your own republick. Ben. Johnfon's Cat.
This cannot be underftood of the firft difpofition of the
waters, as they were before the flood. Bum*
5 OutofaVC th‘S fenfC ^ W2r’ Smallridge's Serm.
Yet of this little he had fome to fpare.
To feed the famifh’d and to clothe the bare. Dryden
Look once again, and for thy hufband loft,
6 Amono-1 that S ldt ^ hlm’ thy hufband’s ghoft. Dryden.
HeJ ehe °nly ptffon y all others for an epic poem. Dryi.
Of all our heroes thou canft boaft alone, '
Sj;J°Ve’ Twh/e’er be thunders, calls thee fon. DryJ.
Neither can I call to mind any clergyman of my own acquamtance who is wholly exempt from this for Swift.
7. By. This fenfe was once very frequent, but is not now in
e, . She dying
bhali be lamented, pitied, and excus’d
0/every bearer. ShMpnn.
.Like heav n in all, like earth in this alone,
I hat tho’ great ftates by her fupport do ftand,
^ et flie herfelf fupported is of none,
But by the finger of the Almighty’s hand. Davies
I was friendly entertained of the Englifti conful. Sandy's.
Left a more honourable man than thofe bp bidden of him!
N. Feft.
8. Accord-
O F
8. According to.
The fcnate . ,,
And people of Rome, of their acoiftom’d grcatnefs,
Will {harply and feverely vindicate
Not only any fact, but any practice
’Gainft the ftate. Ben. Johnfon's Catiline.
They do of right belong to you, being moft of them firft
preached amongft you. Tillotfon's Ded.
Tancred, whofe delight
Was plac’d in his fair daughter’s daily fight,
Of cuftom, when his Rate affairs were done.
Would pafs his pleafing hours with her alone. Dryden.
g. Noting power, ability, choice, or fpontaneity. With the re¬
ciprocal pronoun.
Some foils put fofth odorate herbs bf themfelves ; as wild
thyme. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Of himfelf man is confeffedly unequal to his duty. Steph.
The Venice glaffes would crack of themfelves. Boyle.
Of himfelf is none.
But that eternal infinite and one.
Who never did begin, who ne’er can end ;
On him all beings, as their fource, depend. Dryden.
The thirfty cattel, of themfelves obtain’d
From water, and their graffy fare difdain’d. Dryden.
To affert mankind tb have been of himfelf, and without
a caufe, hath this invincible objection againft it, that we
plainly fee every marl to be front another. Tillotfon.
No particle of matter, nor any combination of particles;
that is, no bodies can either move of themfelves, or of them¬
felves alter the dire&ion of their motion. Cheyne.
A free people met together, as foon as they fall into any
a£ts of civil fociety, do of themfelves divide into three powers.
Swift.
It was civil in angel or elf,
For he ne’er could have filled it fo well of himfelf. Swift.
16.Noting properties or qualities.
He was a man of a decayed fortune, and of no good educa¬
tion. Clarend.
The colour of a body may be changed by a liquor which
of itfelf is of no colour, provided it be faline. Boyle.
The frefti eglantine exhal’d a breath,
Whofe odours were of pow’r to raife from death. Dryd.
A man may fufpend the a£t of his choice from being de¬
termined for or againft the thing propofed, till he has exa¬
mined whether it be really of a nature, in itlelf and confequenees, to make him happy Or no. Locke.
The value of land is raifed, when remaining of the fame
fertility it comes to yield more rent. Locke.
11. Noting extradfion.
Lunsford was a man of -art ancient family in Suffex. Clar.
Mr. Rowe was born of an ancient family in Devonfhire,
that for many ages had made a handfome figure in their
country. Rowe's Life.
12. Noting adherence, or belonging.
Tubal; a wealthy Hebrew of my tribe,
Will furnilh me. Shakef. Merch. of Venice.
Pray that in towns and temples of our own,
The name of gfeat Anchifes may be known. Dryden.
'I3. Noting the matter of anything.
The chariot was all of cedar, gilt and adorned with cryftal, fave that the fere end had pannels of faphires fet in bor-1
ders of gold, and the hihder Cnd the like of emeralds of the
Peru colour. Bacon s New Atlantis.
The common materials which the ancients made their
{hips of were the wild afh, the evergreen oak, the beech,
and the alder. Arbuthnot on Coins:
*4. Noting the motive.
It was not of my own choice that I undertook this work.
Dryden's Dufrejnoy.
Our fov’reign Lord has ponder’d in his mind
The means to fpare the blood of gentle kind j
And of his grace and inborn clemency.
He modifies his fevere decree. Dryden.
15. Noting form or manner of exigence.
As if our Lord, even of purpofe to prevent this fancy of
extemporal and voluntary prayers, had not left of his own
framing, one which might both remain as a part of the
church liturgy, and ferve as a pattern whereby to frame all
other prayers with efficacy, yet without luperfluity of words:
Hooker, b. v. f. 2.
16. Noting fomething that has fome particular quality.
Mother, lays the thrufti, never had any fuch a friend as
I have of this fwallow. No, fays (he, nor ever mother fuch
a fool as I have of this fame thrufli. L'Efrauge.
17. Noting faculties of power granted.
If any man minifter, let him do it as of the ability which
Godgiveth. I Peter iv. 11.
18. Noting preference, or poftponence.
Your highnefs fhall repofe you at the Tower.
—I do not like the Tower of any place. Shakefp.
19. Noting change of one ftate to another.
O mifcrable of happy ! is this the end
OFF
A • • * ,,, ? * . • «
Of this new glorious world, and me fo late
The glory of that glory, who now become
Accurs’d, of bleffed ? Milton s Paradife Lof, b. x,
20. Noting caufality.
Good nature, By which I mean beneficence and candour^
is the produdt of right reafon ; which of neceffity will give
allowance to the failures of others, by confidering that there
is nothing perfedt in mankind. Dryden.
21. Noting proportion.
How many are there of an hundred, even aniongft fcholarS themfelves; Locke.
22. Noting kind or fpecies.
To cultivate the advantages of fuccefs, is an affair of the
cabinet; and the negledt ot this fuccefs may be of the moft
fatal confequence to a nation. Swift.
23. It is put before an indefinite expreffion of time : as, of late.
In late times.
Of Bte, divers learned men have adopted the three hyponatical principles. Boyle on Colours.
Off. adv. [af Dutch.]
1. Of this adverb the chief ufe is to conjoin it with verbs : as,
to come of; tofly of'-, to take of'-, which are found under the
verbs.
2. It is generally oppofed to on : as, to lay on ; to take off. In
this cafe it fignifies, diluniori ; reparation; breach of conti¬
nuity.
Since the wifilom of their choice is rather to have my cap
than my heart, I will practice the infmuating hod, and be off
to them moft counterfitly. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Where are you, SirJohn? come, off with your boots. Sha.
See
The lurking gold upon the fatal tree
Then rend it off. Dryden, Mn. vi.
A piece of filver coined for a {hilling, that has half the
filver clipped off, is no more a {hilling than a piece of wood,
which was once a fealed yard, is ftill a yard, when one half
of it is broke off. L k
3. It fignifies diftance.
Weft of this foreft, fcarcely off a mile.
In goodly form comes on the enemy. Shdkefpearei
About thirty paces off were placed harquetmfiers. Knotted.
4. In painting or ftatuary it fignifies projection or relief.
’Tis a good piece ;
This comes off well and excellent. Shakefpeare.
5. It fignifies evanefcence, j abfence or departure;
Competitions intermit, and go off and on as it happens.
Upon this or that occafion. L'Ejbange.
6. It fignifies any kind of difappointment; defeat; interruption;
adverfe divifion : as, the affair is off; the match is off.
7. In favour.
The queftions no Way touch upon puritanifm, either off
or on. SanderJon.
o. From ; not toward.
Philoclea, whofe delight of hearing and feeing was before
d ftay from interrupting her, gave herfelf to be feen unto her
with fuch a lightening of beauty upon Zelmane, that neither
fhe could look on, nor would look off. Sidney, b. ii.
9. Off hand ; not ftudied.
Several ftarts of fancy off hand look well enough. L’EJl.
Off. interjedt. An expreffion of abhorrence, or command to
depart.
Off, or I fly for fever from thy fight. Smith's Phadr.
Off. prep.
1. Not oa.
I continued feeling again the fame pain ; and finding it
grow violent l burnt it, and felt no more after the third time ;
was never off my legs, nor kept my chamber a day. Temple.
2. Diftant from.
Cicero’s TufcUlum was at a place called Grotto Ferrate,
about two miles off this town, though moft of the modern
writers have fixed it to Frefcati. Addifoti on Italy.
Offal, n.f [offfall, fays Skinner, that which falls from the
table : perhaps from off'a, Latin.]
1. Wafte meat; that which is not eaten at the table.
He let out the offals of his meat to inteteft, and kept a
regifter of fuch debtors iii his pocket-book. Arbuthnot.
2. Carrion ; coarfe flefh.
I fhould have fatted all the region kites
With this flave’s offal. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Cram’d, and gorg’d, nigh burft.
With fuck’d and glutted offal. . Milton's Par. Lofl.
3. Refufe; that which is thrown away as of no value.
To have right to deal in things facred, was accounted an
argument of a noble and illuftrious defeent ; God would
not accept the offals of other profeflions. South.
If a man bemoan his lot,
That after death his mouldring limbs fhall rot,
A fecret fting remains within his mind;
The fool is to his own caft offals kind. Dryden.
They commonly fat hogs with offal corns. Mart.
4. Any thing of no efteem.
What trafh is Rome ? what rubbilh and what offal ? Sha.
18 N OFFENCE.
OFF
OFFENCE, n.f. [offenfe, Fr. offenfa, from offendo, Lat.]
1. Crime; a£t of wickednefs.
Thither with fpeed their hafty courfe they ply d, .
Where Chrift the Lord for our offences dy’d. Fairfax.
Thou haft ftol’n that, which after fome few hours
Were thine without offence. Shakefp. Henry IV.
2. A tranfgreflion.
If, by the law of nature, every man hath not a power to
punifh offences againft it, I fee not how the magiftrates of any
community can punifh an alien of another country. Locke.
3. Injury. • •
I have given my opinion againft the authority of two great
men, butT hope without offence to their memories; for I
loved them living, and reverence them dead. Dryden.
4. Difpleafure given; caufe of difguft; fcandal. . _
Giving no offence ill any thing, that the miniftry be not
blamed. , . - 2 6V. vi. 3.
He remeihbered the injury of the children of Bean, who
had been a fnare and an offence unto the people. 1 Mac. iv.
The pleafures of the touch are greater than thofe of the
other fellies; as in warming upon cold, or refrigeration upon
heat: for as the pains of the touch are greater than the of¬
fences of other fenfes, fo likewife are the pleafures. Bacon.
5. Anger; difpleafure conceived.
Earneft in every prefent humour, and making himfelf brave
in his liking, he was content to give them juft caufe of of¬
fence when they had power to make juft revenge. Sidney.
6. Attack; adt of the aflailant.
Courtefy that feemed incorporated in his heart, would not
be perfuaded to offer any offence, but only to ftand upon the
beft defenfive guard. Sidney.
Offe^cefIjL. adj. [offence andfull.~\ Injurious; giving dif¬
pleafure.
It feerhs your inoft offenceful act
Was mutually committed. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meaf.
Offe'nceless. adj. [from offence.'] Unoffending; innocent.
You are but now caft in his mood, a punifhment more in
policy than in malice ; even fo as one would beat his offertcelefs dog to affright an imperious lion. Shakefp. Othello.
To Offe'nd. v. a. [offendo, Latin:]
1. 'Fo make angry.
If much you note him
You fhall offend him, and extend his paflion,
Feed and regard him not. Shakefp. Macbeth:
Three forts of- men my foul hateth, and I am greatly of-
' fended at their life. Ecclus xxv. 2.
The emperor himfelf came running to the place in his ar¬
mour, feverely reprttvihg them of cowardice who had foffaken the place, and grievoufly offended with them who had
kept fuch negligent watch. Knolles’s Hift. of the Turks.
2. To affail; to attack.
He wds fain to defend himfelf, and withal fo to offend him;
that by an unlucky blow the poor Philoxenus fell dead at his
feet. Sidney.
3. To trangrefs; to violate.
4. To injure.
Cheaply you fin, and punifh crimes with eafe;
Not as th’ offended, but th’ offenders pleafe. Dryden.
To Offe'nd. v. n.
1. To be criminal; to trangrefs the law.
This man that of earthly matter maketh graven images,
knoweth himfelf to offend above all others. Wifd. xiv. 13.
Whofoever fhall keep the whole law, and yet offend in
one point, he is guilty of all. James ii. 10.
2. To caufe anger.
I fhall offend, either to detain or give it. Shakefp. Lear.
3. To commit tranfgreflion.
Our language is extremely imperfect, and in many inftances it offends againft every part of grammar. Swift.
Offe'nder. n.f [from offend.]
1. A criminal; one who has fcommitted a crime; a tranfgreffor;
a guilty perfon.
All that watch for iniquity are cut off, that make a man
an offender for a word. If xxix. 21.
So like a fly the poor offender dies ;
But like the wafp, the rich efcapes and flies. Denham:
How fhall I lole the fin, yet keep the fenfe.
And love th’ offender, yet deteft th’ offence ? Pope.
The confcience of the offender fhall be fharper than an
avenger’s fyvord. Clariffa,
2. One who Has done an injury.
All vengeance comes too fhort.
Which can purfue th’ offender. Shakefp. King Lear.
Qefe'ndress. n.f. [from offender.] A woman that offends.
Virginity murthers itfelf, and fhould be buried in highways
out of all iandtified limit, as a defperate offendrefs againft na¬
ture. Shakefp. All’s well that ends well.
Offensive, aclj. [offenfifi Fr. from offenfus, Lat.]
x. Caufing anger ; difpleafing; difgufting.
Since no man can do ill with a good confcience, the confolation which we herein feem to find is but a mcer deceitful
OFF
pleafing of ourfelves in error, which at the length muff needs
turn to our greater grief, if that which we do to pleafe God
moft, be for the manifold defe&s thereof offcnfive unto him.
Hooker, b. v. f. 4.
It fhall fuffice, to touch fuch cuftoms of the Irifh as feem
offenfive and repugnant to the good government of the realm.
Spenfer on Ireland.
2. Caufing pain ; injurious.
It is an excellent opener for the liver, but offenfive to the
ftomach. Bacon’s Nat. Hift.
Some particular acrimony in the ftomach fometimes makes
it offenjive, and which cuftom at laft will overcome. Arbuth.
3. Aflailant; not defenfive.
He recounted the benefits and favours that he had done
him, in provoking a mighty and opulent king by an offenfive
war in his quarrel. Bacon.
We enquire concerning the advantages and difadvantages
betwixt thofe military offenfive engines ufed among the an¬
cients, and thofe of thefe latter ages. Wilkins.
Offensively, adv. [from offenfive.]
1. Mifchievoufly ; injurioufly. ....
In the leaft thing done offenfively agaiiift the good of men,
whofe benefit we ought to feek for as our own, we plainly
fhew that we do not acknowledge God to be fuch as indeed
he is. Hooker, b. v. f 2.
2. So as to caufe uneafinefs or difpleafure.
A lady had her fight difordered, fo that the images in her
hangings did appear to her, if the room were not extraordi¬
narily darkened, embellifhed with feyeral offenfively vivid co¬
lours. Boyle on Colours.
3. By way of attack ; not defenfively.
Offe'nsiveness. n.f [from offenfive.]
1. Injurioufnefs ; mifehief.
2. Caufe of difguft.
The mufcles of the body, being preferved found and lim¬
ber upon the bones, all the motions of the parts might be
explicated with the greateft eafe and without any offenfivenefs.
Grew’s Mufaum.
To O'FFER. v. a. [offero, Lat. offrir, Fr.]
1. To prefent to any one; to exhibit any thing fo as that it may
be taken or received.
The heathen women under the Mogul, offer themfelves
to the flames at the death of their hulbands. Collier.
Some ideas forwardly offer themfelves to all mens underftandings ; fome fort of truths refult from any idea, as foori
as the mind puts them into propofitions. Locke.
Servants placing happinefs in ftrong drink, make courtto
my young mafter, by offering him that which they love. Locke.
2. To facrifice ; to immolate ; to prefent as an adf of worfhip.
They offered unto the Lord of the fpoil which they had
brought; feven hundred oxen. 2 Chron.xv. 11.
He fhall offer of it all the fat thereof. Lev. vii. 3.
An holy priefthood to offer up fpiritual facrifices. x Pet. ii. 5.
Whole herds of offer’d bulls about the fire,
And briftled boars and woolly fheep expire. Dryden.
When a man is called upon to offer up himfelf to his con¬
fcience, and to refign to juftice and truth, he fhould be fo
far from avoiding the lifts, that he fhould rather enter with
inclination, and thank God for the honour. Collier;
3. To bid, as a price or reward.
Nor fhouldft thou offer all thy little ftore.
Will rich Idas yield, but offer more. Dryden,
4. To attempt; to commence.
Lyfimachus armed about three thoufand men, and began
firft to offer violence. 2 Mac. iv. 40.
5. To propofe.
In all that great extent wherein the mind wanders in re¬
mote fpeculations, it ftirs not one jot beyond thofe ideas
which fenfe or refledlion have offered for its contemplation.
Lode.
Our author offers no reafon. Locke
To O'FFER. V. n.
1. To be prefent; to be at hand ; to prefent itfelf.
No thought can imagine a greater heart to fee and centemn danger, where danger would ojfer to make any wrong¬
ful threatning upon him. Sidney, b. ii.
Th’ occafion offers, and the youth complies. Dryden.
2. To make an attempt.
We came clofe to the fhore, and offered to land. Bacon.
One offers, and in offring makes a ftay;
Another forward fets, and doth no more. Dan. Civ. War.
I would treat the pope and his cardinals roughly, if they
offered to fee my wife without my leave. Dryden.
3. With at.
I will not offer at that I cannot mafter. Bacon.
I hope they will take it well that I fhould offer at a new
thing, and could forbear prefuming to meddle where any of
the learned pens have ever touched before. Graunt.
Write down and make figns to him to pronounce them,
and guide him by fhewing him by the motion of your own
lips
OFF OFF
lips to offer at one of thofe letters; which being the eafieft,
he will ftumble upon one of them. Holder.
The mafquerade fucceeded fo well with him, that he would
be offering at the fhepherd’s voice and call too. L'Effrange.
It contains the grounds of his doctrine, and offers at fomewhat towards the difproof of mine. Atterbury.
Without offering at any other remedy, we haftily engaged
in a war, which hath coft us fixty millions. Swift.
Offer, n.f [offre, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Propofal of advantage to another.
Some nymphs there are, too confcious of their face ;
Thefe fwell their profpefts, and exalt their pride.
When offers are difdain’d, and love deny’d. Pope.
2. Firft advance.
Force compels this offer.
And it proceeds from policy, not love. —
— Mowbray, you overween to take it fo :
This offer comes from mercy; not from fear. Shakefp.
What wouldft beg, Laertes,
That fhall not be my offer, not thy afking ? Shakefp.
3. Propofal made.
Th’ offers he doth make.
Were not for him to give, nor them to take. , Daniel.
I enjoined all the ladies to tell the company, in cafe they
had been in the fiege and had the fame offer made them as
the good women of that place, what every one of them
would have brought off with her, and have thought nidft
worth the faving. • , , * Addifon s Spectator.
It carries too great an imputation _ of ignorance, or folly,
to quit and renounce former tenets upon the • offer of an ar-
. gument which cannot immediately be anfwered. Locke.
4. Price bid ; aft of bidding a price.
When fiock is high, they come between;
Making by fecond hand their offers ;
Then cunningly retire unfeen,
With each a million in his coffers. Swift.
5. Attempt; endeavour. .
Many motions, though they be unprofitable to expel that
which hurteth, yet they are offers of. nature, and caufe mo¬
tions by confent; as in groaning,, or crying upon pain. Bacon.
It is in the power of every one to make fome effay, foriie
offer and attempt, fo as to fhew that the heart is not idle or
infenfible, but that it is full and big, and knows itfelf to be
fo,. though it wants ftrength to bring forth. South's Serm.
One fees in it a kind of offer at modern arcfiitefture, but
at the fame time that the atchiteft has fhown his diflike of
the gothic manner, one may fee that they were not arrived
at the knowledge of the true way. Addifon on Italy.
6. Something given by way of acknowledgment.
Fair ftreams that do vOuchfafe in your clearnefs to reprefent unto me my blubbered face, let the tribute offer of my
tears procure your ftay a while with me, that I may begin
yet at laft to find fomething that pities me. Sidney-, b. ii.
O'fferer. n.f [from offer.]
2. One who makes an offer.
2. One who facrifices, or dedicates in worfhip.
If the mind of the offerer be good, this is the only thing
God refpefteth. Hooker, b. v. f. 34.
When he commanded Abraham to facrifice Ifaac, the place
of the offering was not left undetermined, and to the offerer's
diferetion. South's Sermons.
Offering, n.f [from offer.] A facrifice ; any thing immo¬
lated, or offered in worfhip.
Plucking the entrails of an offering forth,
They could not find a heart within the beaft. Shakefp.
They are polluted offerings, more abhorr’d
Than fpotted livers in the facrifice. Shakefpeare.
When thou {halt make his foul an offering for fin, he fhall
fee his feed. If liii. 10.
The gloomy god
Stood mute with awe, to fee the golden rod ;
Admir’d the deflin’d off'ring to his queen,
A venerable gift fo rarely feen. Dryden.
What nations now to Juno’s pow’r will pray.
Or off’rings on my flighted altars lay ? Dryd. Virgi
I’ll favour her.
That my awaken’d foul may take her flight,
Renew’d in all her ftrength, and frefh with life.
An offering fit for heaven. Addiforts Cato.
•0£fe'rtoRy. n.f [offertoire, Fr.] The thing offered; the
aft of offering.
He went into St. Paul’s church, where he made offertory
of his ftandards, and had orizons and Te Deutn fung. Bacon.
Offe'rture. n.f [from offer.'] Offer; propofal of kindnefs.
A word not in ufe.
Thou haft prevented us with offertures of thy love, even
when we were thine enemies. King Charles.
O'FFICE. n.f. [office, Fr; officium, Latin.]
I, A publick charge or employment.
You have contriv’d to take
From Rome all feafon’d office, and to wind
Yourfelf into a power tyranhical. Shakefp. Coriolanus,
Methought this ftaff, mind tffrce-bzdge in court,
Was broke in twain. Shakefp. Henry VI, jf;
The infolence of office. Shakefpeare.
2. Agency ; peculiar ufe.
All things that you fhould ufe to do me wrong.
Deny their office. \ Shakefp. King Lear*
In this experiment the federal intervals of the teeth of the
comb do the office of fo many prifms, every interval producing
the phenomenon of one prifm. Newt. Opt,
3. Bufinefs; particular employment.
The fun was funk, arid after him the flat
Of Hefperus, whole office is to bring
Twilight upon the earth. Milt. PdY. Loff, l, lx,
4. Aft of good or ill voluntarily tendered.
Wolves and bears
Caftirig their favagenefs afide, have done
Like offices of pity. Shakefp. tPinter's Tale,
Mrs. Ford, I fee you are obfequious in your love, and I
profefs requital to a hair’s breadth ; not only in the fimple
office of love, but in all the accouftrement, complement, and
cereinony of it. Shakefp. Merry IV. of iVmdfor„•
I would I could do a good office between you. Shakefp,
The wolf took this occafion to do the fox a good office.
L'Effrange.
You who your piotis offices employ
To fave the reliques of abandon’d Troy. Dryd. Virg.
5. Aft of worfhip.
This gate
Inftriifts you how t’ adore the heavens, and bows yoii
To morning’s holy office. Shakefp. Cymbeline,
6. Formulary of devotions.
Whofoever bath children or fervants, let him take care
that they fay their prayers before they begin their work : the
Lord’s prayer, the ten commandments, and the creed, is a
very good office for them, if they are not fitted for more regu¬
lar offices. Taylor', s Devotion.
7. Rooms in a houfe appropriated to particular bufinefs.
What do We but diaw anew the model
In fewer offices t at leaft defift ,.
To bdild at all. Shakefp, TIenry IV. p. ih
Let offices fand at diftance, with feme low galleries to pate
from them to the palace itfelf. , Bacon.
8. Place where bufinefs is tranfafted._ jOfficinal Lai]
What fhall good old York fee there,
But empty lodgings and unfurnifti’d walls;
Unpeopled offices, untroden ftones ? Sha. Rich. IL
Empfon and Dudley, though they could not but hear ofthefe
fcruples in the kihg’s confcience, yet as if the king’s foul
and his money were in feveral offices, that the one was not
to intermeddle with the other, went on with as great rage as
ever. Bacon's Henry VIL
To O'ffice. V. a. [from the noun.] To perform; to dis¬
charge ; to do.
I will be gone, altho’
The air of Paradife did fan the houfe,
And afigels offic'd all. Sha. All's well that ends well.
O'fficer. n.f. [offffcier, French.]
1. A man employed by the publick.
’Tis an office of great worth.
And you an officer fit for the place. Shakefpeare.
Submit you to the people’s voices,
Allow their officers, and be content
To fuffer lawful cenfure. Shakefp. Coriolanus’,
The next morning there came to us the fame officer that
came to us at firft to coriduft us to the ftranger’s houfe. Bac.
If it fhould fall into the French hands; all the princes
would return to be the feveral officers of his court. Temple.
As a magiftrate or great officer he locks himfelf up from
all approaches. South's Sermons.
Birds of prey are an emblem of rapacious officers. A fuperior power takes away by violence from them, that which
by violence they took away from others. UEffrahge.
2. A commander in the army.
If he did not nimbly ply the fpade;
His furly officer ne’er fail’d to crack
His knotty cudgel on his toiigher back. Dryden.
I fummon’d all my officers in hafte,
All came refolv’d to die in my defence. Dryden.
The bad difpofition he made in landing his men, {hews
him not only to be rnuch inferiour to Pompey as a fea officer,
but to have had little or no fkill in that element. Arb,
3. One who has the power of apprehending criminals.
The thieves are poffeft with fear
So ftrongly, that they dare not meet each other ;
Each takes his fellow for an officer. Shakefp. Henry IV.
We charge you ;
To go with us unto the officers. Shakefp. Henry VL
O'fficered. adj. [from officer.] Commanded ; fuppliedwith
commanders.
What could we expeft from an army officered by Irifh papifts and outlaws. Addifon s Freeholder.
Offi'cial.
I
Off
t^FFi^CiAL. adj. [official, Fr. from office.\
It. Conducive; appropriate with regard to their ufc.
Ih this animal are the guts, the ftomach, and other parts
official unto nutrition, which, were its aliment the empty re¬
ception, of air, their provifions had been fuperfluous. Brown.
2. Pertaining to a pub'lick charge.
The tribunes
F.ndue you with the people's voice. Remains
That in th’ official marks inverted, you
Anon do meet the fenate. Shakefp. Coriolantis.
Official, n.f
Official is that perfon to whom the cognizance of caufes
is committed by fuch as have ecclefiaftical jurifdidlion. Ayl.
A poor man found a prieft over familiar with his wife, and
becaufe he fpake it abroad and could not prove it, the prieft
fued him before the bifhop’s official for defamation. Camden.
Offi'cialty. n.f. [officialite, Fr. from official.] The charge
or port of an official.
The office of an officialty to an archdeacon. Ayliffe.
To Officiate. Vi a. [from office.] To give, in confequence
of office.
All her number’d rtars that feem to rowl
Spaces incomprehenfible, for fuch
Their diftance argues, and their lwift return
Diurnal, merely to officiate light
Round this opacous earth, this punctual fpot. Milton.
To Offi'ciate. v. n.
1. To difcharge an office, commonly in worfhip.
No minifter officiating in the church, can with agoodconfeience omit any part of that which is commanded by the
aforefaid law. Sanderfon.
Who of the bifhops or priefts that officiates at the altar,
in the places of their fepulchres, ever faid we offer to thee
Peter or Paul ? Stillingfleet.
To prove curates no fervants, is to refeue them from that
contempt which they will certainly fall into under this no¬
tion ; which confidering the number of perfons officiating this
way, muft be very prejudicial to religion. Collier.
2. To perform an office for another.
Offici'nal. adj. [from officina, a fhop.] Ufed in a fhop, or
belonging to it: thus officinal plants and drugs are thofe ufed
in the (hops.
OFFI CIOUS, adj. [offdeux, Fr. officiofus, Lat.J
1. Kind; doing good offices.
Yet, not to earth are thofe bright luminaries
Officious; but to thee, earth’s habitant. Milt. P. Lojl.
2. Importunely forward.
You are too officious
In her behalf that fcorns your fervices. Shakefp.
At Taunton they killed in fury an officious and eager commiffioner for the fubfidy. Bacon's Henry VII.
Cato, perhaps
I’m too officious, but my forward cares
Would fain preferve a life of fo much value. Addifon.
Off1 i'cioUsLy. adv. [from officious.]
1. Importunately forward.
The moft corrupt are moft obfequious grown.
And thofe they fcorn’d, offiaoufy they own. Dryden.
Flatt’ring crouds officioufy appear.
To give themfelves, not you, an happy yeap. Dryd.
2. Kindly ; with unafked kindnefs.
Let thy goats officioufy be nurft.
And led to living dreams to quench their thirrt. Dryd.
Offi'ciousness. n.f. [from officious.]
I. Forwardnefs of civility, or refpedt, or endeavour. Com¬
monly in an ill fenfe.
I fhew my officioufnefs by an offering, though I betray my
poverty by the meafure. South’s Serm.
G. Service. i
In whom is required underrtanding as in a man, courage
and vivacity as in a lion, fervice and minifterial officioufnefs as
in the ox, and expedition as in the eagle. Brown’s V. Err.
Offing. n.J. [from^.J The adt of fleering to a diftance
from the land.
Offset. n.J. [off andy^/.J Sprout; fhootof a plant.
They are multiplied not only by the feed, but many alfo
by the root, producing offsets or creeping under ground. Ray.
Some plants are raifed from any part of the root, others
by offsets, and in others the branches fet in the ground will
take root. , Locke.
Qffscou'ring. n.f. [off andfour.] Recrement; part rubbed
away in cleaning any thing.
Thou haft made us as the sffscouring and refufe in the midft
of the people. Lam. iii. 45,
O ffspring. n.f. [off andfpring.]
i. Propagation ; generation.
All things coveting to be like unto God in being ever, that
which cannot hereunto attain perfonally, doth feem to continue itfelf by offspring and propagation. Hooker.
The thing propagated or generated ; children ; depend¬
ents.
O G L
When the fountain of mankind
Did draw corruption, and God’s curfe, by fin ;
This was a charge, that all his heirs did bind.
And all his offspring grew corrupt therein. Davies.
To the Gods alone
Our future offspring, and our wives are known. Dryd.
His principal adtor is the fon of a goddefs, not to men¬
tion the offspring of other deities. Addifon’s Spectator.
3. Production of any kind.
Tho’ both fell before their hour,
Time on their offspring hath no pow’r ;
Nor fire nor fate their bays fhall blaft,
Nor death’s dark vail their days o’ercaft. Denham.
To OFFU'SCATE. V. a. [offujeo, Lat. offufquer, Fr.] To
dim ; to cloud ; to darken.
OfFusea'tion. n.f [from offufeate.} The adf of darkening.
Oft. adv. [opr, Saxon.] Often ; frequently ; not rately ;
not feldom.
In labours more abundant, in ftripes above meafure, in
prifons more frequent, in deaths oft. 2 Cor. ii. 23.
It may be a true faith, for fo much as it is ; it is one1 part
of true faith, which is oft miftaken for the whole. Hamm.
Favours to none, to all fhe fmiles extends,
Oft fhe rejedts, but never once offends; Po. Ra. Locke;
O'ften. adv. [from opt, Saxon; in the comparative, oftner;
fuperlative, oftneft.] Oft; frequently ; many times j riot
feldom.
The queen that bore thee,
Oftner upon her knees than on her feet.
Died ev’ry day fhe liv’d. Shakefp. Macbeth'.:
Ufe a little wine for thy ftomach’s fake, and thine often
infirmities. 1 Tim. v. 23.
In journeying often, in perils in the wildernefs. 2 Cor. ii. 26;
Who does not more admire Cicero as an author, than as
a conful of Rome, and does not oftner talk of the celebrated
writers of our own country in former ages, than of any
among their contemporaries ? Addijon's Freeholder.
Oftenti'mes. adv. [often and times. From the compofition
of this word it is reafonable to believe, that oft was once an
adjedlive, of which often was the plural; which feems re¬
tained in the phrafe thine often infirmities. See Often.]
Frequently ; many times ; often.
Is our faith in the bleffed trinity a matter needlefs, to be fo
oftentimes mentioned and opened in the principal part of that
duty which we owe to God, our public prayer ? Hooker.
The difficulty was by what means they could ever arrive
to places oftentimes fo remote from the ocean. JVoodw.
It is equally neceffary that there fhould be a future ftate,
to vindicate the juftice of God, and folve the prefent irre¬
gularities of providence, whether the beft men be oftentimes only, or always the moft miferable. Atterbury.
Oftti'mes. adv. [oft and times.] Frequently ; often.
Ofttimes nothing profits more
Than felf-efteem, grounded on juft and right.
Well manag’d. Milton’s Paradife Lofi, b. viii.
Ofttimes before I hither did refort.
Charm’d with the converfation of a man
Who led a rural life. Dryden and Lee.
Oge e. ) n.f. Is a fort of moulding in architecture, conliftOgive. ) ing of a round and a hollow; it is almoft in the
form of an S, and is the fame with what Vitruvius calls
cima. Cima reverfa, is an ogee with the hollow downwards.
Harris.
To O'gle. v. a. [joogh, an eye, Dutch.] To view with fide
glances, as in fondnefs ; or with a defign not to be heeded.
From their high fcaffold with a trumpet cheek.
And ogling all their audience, then they fpeak. Dryden.
If the female tongue will be in motion, why,fhould it not
be fet to go right ? Could they talk of the different afpedts
and conjunctions of the planets, they need not be at the
pains to comment upon oglings and clandeftine marriages.
Addifon’s Guardian, N°. 155.
Whom is he ogling yonder ? himfelf in his looking-glafs.
Martinus Scriblerius.
O gler. n.f [oogheler, Dutch.] A fly gazer; one who views
by fide glances.
Upon the difufe of the neck-piece, the whole tribe of
eglers flared the fair fex in the neck rather than in the face.
_ , Addifon's Guardian, N°. 100.
Jack was a prodigious ogler; he would ogle you the out¬
ride of his eye inward, and the white upward. J. Bull.
'j-ff0* n ^' Spanifh.] A difh made by mingling
different kinds of meat; a medley ; a hotchpotch.
Thefe general motives of the common good, I will not
fo much as once offer up to your lordfhip, though they have
ftill the upper end ; yet, like great ogiio’s, they rather make
a fhew than provoke appetite. Suckling.
Where is there fuch an ogl'to or medley of various opinions
in the world again, as thofe men entertain in their fervice,
without any feruple as to the diverfity of their fedts and opiniKing Charles.
He
©ns l
3
O I L OLD
He that keeps an open houfe, fhould confider that there
are oglid’s of guefts, as well as of dilhes, and that the liberty
of a coibmon table is as good as a tacit invitation to all forts
of intruders. _ # L'EJlrange.
Oh. interject. An exclamation denoting pain, forrow, or furprife.
* He,
Like a full acorn’d boar, a churning on,
Cry’d, oh ! and mounted. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
Oh me ! all the horfc have got over the river, what {hall
we do l ’ Walton’s Angler.
My eyes confofs it.
My every action fpeaks my heart aloud;
But ob, the madn'efs of my high attempt
Speaks louder yet! Dryden’s Spani/h Friar.
OIL. 7i.f. [ocel, Saxon; oleum, Latin.]
1. The juice of olives exprefled.
Bring pure oil olive beaten for the light. Ex. xxvii. 20.
2. Any fat, greafy, undtuous, thin matter.
In molt birds there is only one gland; in which are di¬
vers cells, ending in two or three larger cells, lying under
the nipple of the oil bag. Derham’s Pbyfico-Theol.
3. The juices of certain vegetables, exprefled or drawn by the
ftill without fermentation, or after the fpirit.
Oil with chemifts called fulphur, is the fecond of their hypoftatical, and of the true five chymical principles. It is an
inflammable, undluous, fubtile fubftance, which ufually rifes
after the fpirit. The chemifts attribute to this principle all
the diverfity of colours, and all the beauty and deformity.
It fweetens the acrimony of falts, and by flopping or filling
up the pores of a mixt body, keeps it longer from corrup¬
tion, where it abounds. There are two forts of oil which
feem to be mixt with fpirit; for it can never be drawn pure,
and which will fwim upon water, fuch as oil of anifeed and
lavender, which the chemifts call efiential, and is commonly
drawn in a limbeck with ftore of water : and another kind
which probably is mixt with falts; and thefe will fink in
water, fuch as the oil of guiacum and cloves. Harris.
After this exprefled oil, we made trial of a diftilled one; and
for that purpofe made choice of the common oil or fpirit. Boyle.
To Oil. v. a. [from the noun.] To fmear or lubricate with
oil.
The men fell a rubbing of armour, which a great while
had lain oiled. Wotton.
Amber will attract ftraws thus oiled, it will convert the
needles of dials, made either of brafs or iron, although they
be much oiled, for in thofe needles confifting free upon their
center there can be no adhefion. Brown’s V. Err.
Swift oils many a fpring which Harley moves. Swift.
Oi'lcolour. n. f. [oil and colour.] Colour made by grinding
coloured fubftances in oil.
Oilcolours, after they are brought to their due temper, may
be preferved long in fome degree of foftnefs, kept all the
while under water. Boyle.
Oi'liness. n.f [from oily.'] Un&uoufnefs ; greafinefs ; qua¬
lity approaching to that of oil.
Bafil hath fat and fucculent leaves ; which oilinefs, if drawn
forth by the fun, will make a very great change. Bacon.
Wine is inflammable, fo as it hath a kind of oilinefs. Bac.
Smoke from undtuous bodies and fuch whofe oilinefs is evi¬
dent, he nameth nidor. Brown’s Vulgar Err.
Chyle has the fame principles as milk, vifcidity from the
cafeous parts, an oilinefs from the butyraceous parts, and an
acidity from the tartareous. Flyer.
The flefh of animals which live upon other animals, is
moft antiacid ; though offenfive to the ftomach fometimes
by reafon of their oilinefs. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Oilman, n.f [oil and man.] One who trades in oils and
pickles.
Oi'lshop. n.f [oil and /bop.] A (hop where oils and pickles
are fold.
Oi'ly. adj. [from oil.]
1. Confifting of oil; containing oil ; having the qualities of oil.
The like cloud, if it were oily or fatty, will not difcharge j
not becaufe it fticketh fafter, bnt becaufe air preyeth upon
water and flame, and fire upon oil. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Flame is grofler than grofs fire, by reafon of the mixture
with it of that vifcous oily matter, which, being drawn out of
the wood and candle, ferves for fewel. Digby.
Watry fubftances are more apt to putrify than oily. Bacon.
2. Fat; greafy.
This oily rafcal is known as well as Paul’s;
Go call him forth. Shakejp. Henry W.
Oi'lygrain. n.f. A plant.
The flowers arc produced from the wings of the leaves with- ,
out any footftalk ; the flower cup confifts of one leaf, divided
into five long {lender fegments; the flower is of one leaf,
in fhape like thofe of the fox-glove ; the pointal, which
rifes in the middje of the flower, afterward becomes an ob¬
long four cornered pod, divided into four diftindl cells, which
are replete with efculent feeds. Miller.
Oi'lypalm. n.f
It grows in great plenty on the coaft of Guiney, as alfo in
Cape Verd ifland, where it grows as high as the main maft
of a fhip. But thefe trees have been tranfplanted to Jamaica
and Barbados, in both which places they thrive very well.
The inhabitants make an oil from the pulp of the fruit, and
draw a wine from the body of the trees, which inebriates ;
and with the rind of thefe trees they make mats to lie on.
Miller.
To OINT. v. a. [oint, French.] To anoint; to fmear with
fomething undtuous.
They oint their naked limbs with mother’d oil>
Or from the founts where living fulphurs boil.
They mix a med’eine to foment their limbs. Dryden.
Ifmarus was not wanting to the war,
Directing ointed arrows from afar ;
And death with poifon arm’d. Dryden’s dEneis.
Oi'ntment. n.f [from oint.] Unguent; undtuous matter to
fmear any thing.
Life and long health that gracious ointtnent gave.
And deadly wounds could heal, and rear again
The fenfelefs corpfe appointed for the grave. Fairy
O'ker. n.f. [See Ochre;] A colour.
And Klaius taking for his younglings cark.
Left greedy eyes to them might challenge lay,
Bufy with oker did their {houlders mark. Sidney.
Red oker is one of the moft heavy colours ; yellow oker is
not fo, becaufe it is clearer. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
OLD. adj. [ealb, Saxon ; alt, German.]
1. Paft the middle part of life ; not young.
To old age, fince you your felf afpire.
Let not old age difgrace my high defire. Sidney.
He wooes high and low, rich and poor, young and old.
Sbakefp. Merry Wives of Wind.
2. Of long continuance; begun long ago;
^ When Gardiner was fent over as embaflador into France,
with great pomp, he faid unto an old acquaintance of his that
came to take his leave of him, Now I am in my gloriapatri.
Yea, faid his friend, and I hope, et nunc et femper. Or,
replied the bifhop, if it pleafe the king my mafter, ficat
erat in principio, a poor fcholar of Cambridge again.
Camden’s Remains.
3. Not new.
The vine beareth more grapes when it is young ; but grapes
that make better wine when it is old; for that the juice is
better concodted. Bacon’s Nat. Hijlory.
4. Ancient; not modern.
The Genoefe are cunning, induftrious, and inured to hardfhip ; which was likewife the character of the old Ligurians.
Addifon on Italy.
5. Of any fpecified duration.
How old art thou ? Not fo young, Sir, to love a woman
for finging ; nor fo old to doat on her for any thing. I have
years on my back forty- eight. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Plead you to me, fair dame, I know you not.
In Ephefus I am but two hours old,
As ftrange unto your town as to your talk. Sbakefp.
Any man that {hall live to fee thirty perfons defeended of
his body alive together, and all above three years old, makes
this feaft, which is done at the coft of the ftate. Bacon.
6. Subfifting before fomething elfe.
The Latian king, unlefs he {hall fubmit.
Own his old promife, and his new forget,
Let him in arms the pow’r of Turnus prove. Dryd.
He muft live in danger of his houfe falling about his ears,
and will find it cheaper to build it again from the ground in
a new form ; which may not be fo convenient as the old.
Swift’s Proj.for the Advan. of Relig.
7. Long pradtifed.
Then faid I unto her that was old in adulteries, will they
now commit whoredoms with her ? Ezek. xxiii. 43.
8. A word to fignify in burlefque language, more than enough.
Here will be old Utis; it will be an excellent ftratagem.
Sbakefpeare’s Henry IV. p. ii.
Here’s a knocking indeed ; if a man were porter of hell
gate, he fhould have old turning the key. Sbakefp.
9. Of old; long ago ; from ancient times.
Thefe things they cancel, as having been inftituted in re¬
gard of occafions peculiar to the times of old, and as being
now fuperfluous. Hooker, b. v. J. 35.
Whether fuch virtue {pent of old now fail’d
More angels to create. Milt. P. LoJ}, b. ix.
A land there is, Hefperia nam’d of old,
The foil is fruitful, and the men are bold ;
Now call’d Italia, from the leader’s name. Dryden:
In days of old there liv’d of mighty fame,
A valiant prince, and Thefeus was his name. Dryd.
Oldfa'shioned. adj. [old and fa/hion.] Formed according to
obfolete cuftom.
home arc offended that I turned thefe tales into modern
18 O Englifh ;
O L I
£nglifti; becaufe they look on Chaucer as a dry, oldfajhioned
wit, not worth reviving. # Dryden.
He is one of thofe oldfajhioned men of wit and pleafure,
that fhews his parts by raillery on marriage. Addifon.
O'lden. adj. [from old-, perhaps the Saxon plural.] Ancient.
This word is not now in ufe.
Blood hath been fhed ere now, i’th’ olden time,
Ere human ftatute purg’d the gen ral weal.. Shakefp.
O'ldness. n.f [from old.] Old age; antiquity ; not newnefs ; quality of being old. (
This policy and reverence of a.gcSj makes the world bitter
to the beft of our times; keeps our fortunes from us till our
oldnefs cannot relifh them. Shakefp. King Lear.
Olea'ginous. adj. [oleaginus, Lat. from oleum, cleagineux, Fr.J
Oily ; undtuous.
The fap when it firft enters the root, is earthy, watery,
poor, and fcarce oleaginous. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Olea'ginousness. n.f [from oleaginous.'] Oilinefs.
In fpeaking of the oleaginoufnefs of urinous fpirits, I employ
the word molt rather than all. Boyle.
Ole'ander. n.f [oleandre, Fr.] The plant rofebay.
OLE'ASTER, n. f. [ Latin. ] Wild olive; a fpecies of
olive. It is a native of Italy, but hardy, and will endure
the cold of our climate, and grow to the height of fixteen
or eighteen feet. It blooms in June, and perfumes the cir¬
cumambient air to a great diftance. Its leaves are filvercoloured. Miller,
Ole'ose. adj. [oleofus, Lat.] Oily.
Rain water may be endued with fome vegetating or prolifick virtue, ^derived from fome faline or oleofe particles it
contains. Ray on the Creation.
In falcons is a fmall quantity of gall, the oleous parts of the
chyle being fpent moft on the fat. Flayer oh the Humours.
To Olfa'ct. v. a. [olfaffus, Lat.] To fmell. A burlefque
Word.
There is a machiavilian plot,
Tho’ every nare olfaff it not. Hudibras, p. L
Olfa'ctory. adj. [ofaffaire, Fr. from olfacio, Lat.] Having
the fenfe of fmelling.
Effiuvias, or invisible particles that come from bodies at
a diftance, immediately affedt the olfaffory ner\#;. Locke.
5,LID* 1 adj. folidus, Lat.] Stinking ; foetid.
Olidous. ) j
The fixt fait would have been not unlike that of men’s
urine ; of which olid and defpicable liquor I chofe to make
an inftance, becaufe chemifts are not wont to care for ex¬
tracting the fixt fait of it. Boyle.
In a civet cat a different and offenfive odour proceeds partly
from its food, that being efpecially fifh, whereof this humour
may be a garous excretion and olidous reparation. Brown.
Oligarchy, n.f. [eAiy-a^ia.] A form ofgovernment which
places the fupreme power in a fmall number; ariftocracy.
The worft kind of oligarchy, is, when men are govern¬
ed indeed by a few, and yet are not taught to know what
thofe few be, to whom they fhould obey. Sidney, b. ii.
We have no ariftocracies but in contemplation, all oligar¬
chies, wherein a few men domineer, do whatthey lift. Burt.
After the expedition into Sicily, the Athenians chofe four
hundred men for adminiftration of affairs, who became a
body of tyrants, and were called an oligarchy, or tyranny of the
few"; under which hateful denomination they were foon after
depofed. Swift.
Olio. n.f. [<alia, Span.] A mixture; a medly. See Oglio.
Ben Johnfon, in bis Sejanus and Cataline, has given us
this olio of a play, this unnatural mixture of comedy and
tragedy. Drycl. on Dram. Poetry.
1 am in a very chaos to think I fhould fo forget myfelf.
But I have fuch an olio of affairs, I know not what to do.
Congreve's Way of the World\
O'litory. n. f. [alitor, Latin.] Belonging to the kitchen
gaden.
Gather your olitory feeds. Evelyn's Kalendart
Ohva'ster. adj. [olivajlre, Fr.] Darkly brown ; tawny.
The countries of the Abyfenes., Barbary, and Peru, where
they are tawny, olivajler and pale, are generally more fandy.
Bacon’s Nat. Hijlory, N°. 399.
O'live. n. f. [oljve, Fr. olea, Lat.] A plant producing oil ; the
emblem of peace.
The leaves are for the moft part oblong and ever-green;
the flower confifts of one leaf, the lower part of which is
hollowed, but the upper part is divided into four parts ; the
ovary, which is fixed in the center of the flower cup, be¬
comes an oval, foft, pulpy fruit, abounding with a fat liquor
inclofing an hard rough Hone. Miller.
To thee, heav’ns, in thy nativity.
Adjudg’d an olive branch and laurel crown,
As likely to be blcft in peace and war. Sha. Elen. VI.
In the purlews of this foreft, Hands
A fheepcote fenc d about with olive trees. Shakefpeare.
The feventh year thou fhalt let it reftj In like manner
thou fhalt deal with thy vineyard and olive yard. Ex. xxiii. 11.
O M I
He led
Mutufcans from their olive bearing town, ,
And all th’ Eretian pow’rs. Dryden's /Fn. viii.
It is laid out into a grove, a vineyard, and an allotment
for olives and herbs. Notes on toe Qayjjry.
Ombre, n.f. [hombre, Spanifli.] A game of cards played by
three.
He would willingly carry her to the play ; but flue had ra¬
ther go to lady Centaure’s and play at ombre. Tatler.
Omega. n.f. [ojfxiyx.] The laft letter of the alphabet, there¬
fore taken in the Holy Scripture for the laft.
I am alpha and omega, the beginning and the ending.
Rev. i. &
O'melet* n.f. [omelette, Fr.] A kind of pancake made with
eggs.
Omened,, adj. [from omen.] Containing prognofticks.
Fame may prove,
Or omen'd voice, the meflenger of Jove,
Propitious to the fearch. Pope’s Odyffey, l.
O'MEM. n.f. [omen, Latin.] A fign good or bad; a prognoftick. >
When young kings begin with fcorn of juftice.
They make an omen to their after reign. Dryden.
The lpeech had omen that the Trojan race
Should find repofe, and this the time and place. Dryden.
Choole out other fmiling hours,
Such as have lucky omens fhed
O’er forming laws and empires rifing. Prior..
OME'NTUM. n.f [Latin.]
The cawl, called alfo reticulum, from its ftruchire, refembling that of a net. Wrhen the peritonaeum is cut, as
ufual, and the cavity of the abdomen laid open, the omentum
or cawl prefents itfelf firft to view. This membrane, which
is like a wide and empty bag, covers the greateft part of the
guts. Kjuincy.
O'mer. n. f. A Hebrew meafure about three pints and a half
Englifh. Bailey.
To O'minate. v. a. [ominor, Lat.] To foretoken; tofhew
prognofticks.
This ominates fadly, as to our divifians with the Romanifts.
Decay of Piety.
Omina*Tion. n.f. [from ominor, Lat.] Prognoftick.
The falling of fait is an authentick prefagement of ill luck,
yet the fame was not a general prognoftick of future evil
among the ancients; but a particular omination concerning
the breach of friendfhip. Broivn's V. Err. b. v.
O'minous. adj. [from omen.]
1. Exhibiting bad tokens of futurity; forelhewing ill; inaufpicious.
Let me be duke of Clarence;
For Glo’fter’s dukedom is ominous. Shakefp. Henry VL
Pomfret, thou bloody prifon.
Fatal and ominous to noble peers. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Thefe accidents the more rarely they happen, the more
ominous are they efteemed, becaufe they are never obferved
but when fad events do enfue< Hayward.
Roving the Celtic and Iberian fields,
He laft betakes him to this ominous wood. Mil..Poems.
As in the heathen worfhip of God, a facrifice without an
heart was accounted ominous; fo in the chriftian worfhip of
him, an heart without a facrifice is worthlefs. South's Serm.
Pardon a father’s tears.
And give them to Charinus’ memory ;
May they riot prove as ominous to thee. Dryden.
2. Exhibiting tokens good or ill.
Though he had a good ominous name to have made a peace,
nothing followed. Bacon's Henry VIL
O'minously. adv. [from ominous.] With good or bad omen.
Omi nousness, n.f [from ominous.] T'lie quality of bein'7
ominous,
Omi'ssion. n.f. [omijfus, Lat.]
1. Negledl to do fomething; forbearance of fomethin17 to be
done.
Would it not impofe a total omiffion of phyfic. Brown.
If he has made no provifion for tiffs great change, the
omiffion can never be repaired, the time never redeemed.
. Roger's Serm. 12.
2. Neglect of duty, oppofed to commillion orperpetration ofcrimes.
Omiffion to do what is necefiary.
Seals a commiflion to a blank of danger. Shakefpeare.
T he moft natural divifion of all offences, is into thole of
omiffion and thofe of commiffion. Addifon's Freeholder.
ro O'MIT. v. a. [omitto, Lat.]
1. To leave out; not to mention.
Thefe perfonal companions I omit, becaufe I would fay
nothing that may favour of a fpirit of flattery. Bacon.
Great Cato there, for gravity renovvn’d.
Who can omit the Gracchi, who declare
The Scipio’s worth ? Dryden, Mn. vi.
2. To negledl to pradtife.
Her father omitted nothing in her education, that might
make
O M N O N
make her the mod accomplifhed woman of her age. Addif
Omi'ttance. n.f [from omit.] Forbearance.
He faid, mine eyes were black, and my hair black j
And now I am remember’d, fcorn’d at me !
I marvel why I anfwer’d not again ;
But that’s all one, omittance is no quittance. Shake/p.
Omnifarious, adj. [omnfariam, Lat.J Of all varieties or
kinds;
Thefe particles could never of themfelves, by omnifarious
kinds of motion, whether fortuitous or mechanical, have
fallen into this vifible fyfiem. Bentley's Serm.
But if thou omnifarious drinks wou’dft brew;
Befides the orchard, ev’ry hedge and bufh
Affords afiifiance. Philips.
Omni'feROUS. adj. [cmnis and fero, Lat.] All-bearing. Dili.
Omni'fick. adj. [omnis and facio, Lat.] All-creating.
Silence, ye troubled waves, and thou deep, peace !
Said then th’ omnific word, your difeord end. Milton.
Omni'form. adj. [omnis and forma, Lat.] Having every fhape.
Dili.
Omni'genous. adj. [omnigenus, Lat.] ConfiHing of all kinds.
Didli
Omnipotence. } n.f. [o?nnipotentia, Lat.] Almighty powerj
Omni'potency. 5 unlimited power.
Whatever fortune
Can give or take, love wants not, or defpifes ;
Or by his own omnipotence fupplies. Denham.
As the foul bears the image of the divirtfe wifdom, fo this
part of the body reprefents the ojnnipotency of God, whilH it
is able to perform fuch wonderful effedls. Wilkins.
The greatefi danger is from the greatefi power, and that
is omnipotency. Tillotfon, Ser?n. I.
Will omnipotence negleft to fave,
The fuffering virtue of the wife and brave; Pope.
Omnipotent, adj. [omnipotence Lat.] Almighty ; powerful
without limit.
You were alfo Jupiter, a fwan, for the love of Leda :
oh omnipotent love ! how near the god drew to the complexion
of a goofe ?. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Wind.
The perfedt being muft needs be omnipotent; both as
felf-exifient and as immenfe : for he that is felf-exifient, hav¬
ing the power of being, hath the power of allbeing ; equal
to the caufe of all being* which is to be omnipotent.
Grezu’s Cojmol. b.v. c. 1.
Omnipre'sence. n.f [omnis and preefens, Lat.] Ubiquity;
unbounded prefence.
He alfo went
Invifible, yet flaid, fuch privilege
Hath omniprefence. Milton's Par Loft, b. vii.
Adam, thou know’ll his omniprefence fills
Land, fea, and air. Milton's Par. Lofl. b. ix.
The foul is evolved and prefent to every part: and if my
foul can have its effectual energy upon my body with eafe,
with how much more facility can a being of immenfe exiftence and omniprefence, of infinite wifdom and power, govern
a great but finite univerfe ? Hale.
Omnipre'sent. adj. [omnis andpratfcns, Latin.] Ubiquitary ;
prefent in every place.
Omnifcient mailer, omniprefent king.
To thee, to thee, my lail diflrefs I bring. Prior.
Omni'science. 1 n. f. [omnis and feientia, Lat.] Boundlefs
Omni'sciency. 5 knowledge; infinite wifdom.
In all this mifconfiru£lion of my adlions, as I have no judge
but God above me, fo I can have comfort to appeal to his
omnifcience. King Charles.
Thinking by this retirement to obfeure himfelf from God,
he infringed the omnifciency and eflential ubiquity of his maker,
who as he created all things, fo is he beyond and in them all.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
An immenfe being does ilrangely fill the foul ; and om¬
nipotence, omnifciency, and infinite goodnefs, enlarge the
fpirit while it fixtly looks upon them. Burnet.
Since thou boafi’fi th’ omnifcience of a God,
Say in what cranny of Sebailian’s foul,
Unknown to me, fo loath’d a crime is lodg’d ? Dryden.
Omni'scient. adj. [omnis and fcio, Lat.] Infinitely wife ;
knowing without bounds ; knowing every thing.
By no means truil to your own judgment alone; for no
man is omnifcient. Bacon's Adv. to Villiers.
What can ’fcape the eye
Of God all-feeing, or deceive his heart
Omnifcient? Milton's Paradife Loft, b. x.
Whatfoever is known, is fome way prefent ; and that
which is prefent, cannot but be known by him who is omnfcient. South s Sermons.
Omnifcient mailer, omniprefent king,
To thee, to thee, my laft diftrefs I bring. Prior.
•mni'scious. adj. [omnis and fcio, Lat.] All-knowing.
I dare not pronounce him otnnifcious, that being an attri¬
bute individually proper to the Godhead, and incommunicable
to any created fubllance. Hakewill cn Providence
Omnivorous, adj. [omnis and vbro, Lat.] All-devouring. Dit?.
Omo'plate. n.f. and 7rAa7u?.] The Ihoulder blade.
Dia.
Omphalo'ptick. n. f. [cpc(pechos and odlixos-] An optic
glals that is convex on both fides,'commonly called a convex
lens. ‘ - Ditl,
On. prep, [aen, Dutch; an, German.]
i. It is put before the word, which fignifies that which is un¬
der, that by which any thing is fupported, which any thing
covers* or where any thing is fixed.
He is not lolling on a lewd love bed,
But on his knees at meditation. Shakefp. Rich. III.
What news ?—
—Richmond is on the feas;—
—-There let him fink and be the feas on him. Shakefp.
Difiradled terror knew not what was bell;
On what determination to, abide. Daniels'Civ. War«
How foon hath time, the futtle thief of youth,
Stol’n on his wing my three and twentieth year*
My hailing days fly on with full career. Milton.
As fome to witnefs truth heav’n’s call obey,
So fome on earth muff, to confirm it, flay. Dryden.
They Hooping low.
Perch’d on the double tree. Dryden's Mn. vi*
2; It is put before any thing that is the fubjedl of adlion.
Th’ unhappy hulband, hulband now no more.
Did on his tuneful harp his lofs deplore. Dryden,
3. Noting addition or accumulation.
Mifchiefs on mifehiefs, greater Hill and more*
The neighb’ring plain with arms is cover’d o’er. Dryden.
4. Noting a Hate of progreffion.
Ho Maeris ! whither on thy way fo faH ?
This leads to town. Dryden,
5. It fometimes notes elevation.
Chufe next a province for thy vineyard’s reign.
On hills above, or in the lowly plain. " Dryden,
6. Noting approach or invalion.
Their navy ploughs the wat’ry main.
Yet foon expedl it on your Ihores again. Dryden.
On me, on me let all thy fury fall,
Nor err from me, fince I deferve it all; Pope-,
7. Noting dependance or reliance.
On God’s providence and on your bounty; all their prefent
Hipport and future hopes depend. Smallridge *
8. At, noting place.
Oh each fide her,
Stood pretty dimpled boys, like finding
Cupids. Sha. Ant. ahdCleo,
9. It denotes the motive or occafion of any thing.
The fame prevalence of genius, the world cannot pardon
your concealing, on the fame confideration ; becaufe we
neither have a living Varus nor a Horace. Dryden.
The joy of a monarch for the news of a vidlory, mufi not
be exprefled like the ecHafy of a harlequin on the receipt of
a letter from his mifrrefs. Dryden's Dufrefioy.
The beH way to be ufed. by a father on any occafion, to
reform any thing he wilhes mended in his fon. Locke.
We abilain on fuch folemn occafions from things lawful,
out of indignation that we have often gratified ourfelves in
things unlawful. *Smallridge's Sermons.
10. It denotes the time at which any thing happens ; as, this
happened on the firfi day. On is ufed, I think, only before
day or hour.
11. It is put before the object of fome palfion.
Compafiion on the king commands me Hoop; Shakefp,
Cou’d tears recal him into wretched life,
Their forrow hurts themfelves ; on him is loH. Dryden.
12. In forms of denunciation it is put before the thing threatned.
Hence on thy life ; the captive maid is mine,
Whom not for price or pray’rs I will refign. Dryden.
13. Noting imprecation.
Sorrow on thee, and all the pack of you.
That triumph thus upon my mifery ! Shakefpcare.
14. Noting invocation.
On thee, dear wife* in deferts all alone
He call’d. Dryden's Virg. Georg, iv.
15. Noting the Hate of any thing;
—The earth fhook to fee the heav’ns on fire,
And not in fear of your nativity. Shakefp. Henry IV.
The horfes’burnt as they Hood faH tied in the flables, or
by chance breaking loofe ran up and down with their tails
and mains on a light fire. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turk:.
His fancy grows in the progrefs, and becomes cn fire like
a chariot wheel by its own rapidity. Pop. Pref. to Iliad.
16. Noting flipulation or condition.
I can be fatisfied on more eafy terms. Dryden.
17. Noting diflindlion or oppofition.
I he Rhodians, on the other fide, mindful of their former
honour, valiantly repulfed the enemy. Knolles.
18.Before
ONC
18. Before it, by corruption, it {lands for of
T his tempeft,
Daftiing the garment of this peace, aboded
The fudden breach ont. Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
A thriving gamefter has but a poor trade ont, who fills his
pockets at the price of his reputation. Locke s Educat.
ig. Noting the manner of an event.
' Note,
How much her grace is alter’d on the fudden ? Shakefp.
20. On, the fame with upon. See Upon.
On. adv.
1. Forward; in fucceflion.
As he forbore bne a£l, fo he might have foreborn another,
arid after that another, and fo on, till he had by degrees
weakened, and at length mortified and extinguilhed the habit
itfelf. South’s Sermons.
If the tenant fail the landlord, he mull fail his creditor,
and he his, and fo on. Locke.
Thefe fmaller particles are again compofed of others much
fmaller, all which together are equal to ail the pores or
empty fpaces between them; and fo on perpetually till you
come to folid particles, fuch as have no pores. Newt.
2. Forward; in progrelfidn.
On indeed they went; but oh ! not far;
A fatal flop travers’d their head-long courfe. Daniel.
So faying, on he led his radiant files. Milton.
Hopping and flying, thus they led him on
To the flow lake. Dryden.
What kindled in the dark the vital flame.
And ere the heart was form’d, pufh’d on the red’ning ftream.
Blackmore on Creation.
Go to, I did not mean to chide you ;
On with your tale. Rowe’s J. Shore.
3. In continuance; without ceafing.
Let them fleep, let them fleep on.
Till this ftormy night be gone.
And th’ eternal morrow dawn. Crajhaw.
Sing on, fing on, for I can ne’er be cloy’d. Dryden.
You roam about, and never are at reft;
By new defires, that is, new torments ftill pofleft:
As in a fev’rifh dream you ftill drink on.
And wonder why your thirft is never gone. Dryden.
The peafants defy the fun; they work on in the hotteft
part of the day without intermiflion. Locke’s Educat.
4. Not off.
5. Upon the body, as part of drefs.
A long cloak he had on. Sidney.
Stiff in brocade, and pinch’d in flays.
Her patches, paint, and jewels on ;
All day let envy view her face.
And Phyllis is but twenty-one. Prior.
6. It notes refolution to advance.
Since ’tis decreed, and to this period lead
A thoufand ways, the nobleft path we’ll tread ;
And bravely on, tilfthey or we, or all,
A common facrifice to honour fall. De7iham.
On. inter]eSi. A word of incitement or encouragement to at¬
tack ; elliptically for go on.
Therefore on, or ftrip your fword ftark-naked ; for meddle
you muff. Shakefpeare’s Twefth Night.
Cheerly on, couragious friends.
To reap the harveft of perpetual peace.
By this one bloody trial of (harp war. Shakefp. R. Ill,
Once. adv. [from one.]
1. One time.
Trees that bear maft, are fruitful but once in two years;
the caufe is, the expence of fap. Bacon.
Forthwith from out the ark a raven flies.
And after him the furer meflenger,
A dove, fent forth once and again to fpy
Green trees or ground. Milton’s Paradfe Lojl, b. ix.
You came out like fome great monarch, to take a town
but once a year, as it were for your diveriion, though you
had no need to extend your territories. Dryden.
O virgin ! daughter of eternal night,
Give me this once thy labour, to fuftain.
My right, and execute my juft difdain. Dryden.
In your tuneful lays.
Once more refound the great Apollo’s praife. Pope.
2. A Angle time.
Who this heir is, he does not once tell us. Locke.
3. T he fame time.
At once with him they rofe :
I heir rifing all at once was as the found
^ thunder heard remote. Milton’s Par. Lojl, l. ii.
fir d with this thought, at once he {train’d the breaft,
And on the lips a burning kifs imprefs’d. Dryden.
ow t tat the fixed ftars, by reafon of their immenfe diftance, appear like points, unlefs fo far as their light is di¬
lated by refraction may appear from hence, that when the
ONE
inbon paffes over them and eclipfes them, their light Variifhes;
not gradually like that of the planets, but all at once. Newts
4. At a point of time indivifible.
Night came on, not by degrees prepared,
But all at once ; at once the winds arife.
The thunders roll. Dryden’s Cimon and Iphig.
5. One time, though no more.
Fufcinus, thofe ill deeds that fully fame,
In blood once tainted, like a current run
From the lewd father to the lewder foil. Dryden.
6. At the time immediate.
This hath all its force at once, upon the firft imprefiion,
and is ever afterwards in a declining ftate. Atterbury.
7. Formerly ; at a former time.
Thereon his arms and once-lov’d portrait lay,
Thither our fatal marriage-bed convey. Denham.
My foul had once fome foolifh fondnefs for thee,
But hence ’tis gone. Addifon.
8. Once feems to be rather a noun than an adverb, when it has
at before it, and when it is joined with an adjective: as, this
once, that once.
One. ad], [an, oene, Saxon; een, Dutch; ein, German; ev,
Greek*]
1. Lefs than two ; Angle ; denoted by an unite.
The man he knew was one that willingly,
For one good look would hazard all. Daniel;
Pindarus the poet, and one of the wifeft, acknowledged
alfo one God the moft high, to be the father and creator of
all things. Raleigh.
If one muft be rejedled, one fucceed.
Make him my Lord, within whofe faithful breaft
Is fix’d my image, and who loves me beft. Dryden;
Love him by parts in all your num’rous race.
And from thofe parts form one collected grace;
Then when you have refin’d to that degree.
Imagine all in one, and think that one is he. Dryden.
2. Indefinitely; any.
We fhall
Prefent our fervices to a fine new prince.
One of thefe days. Shakefpeare.
I took pains to make thee fpeak, taught thee each hour
One thing or other. Shakefpeare’s Tempejl.
When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and underftandeth it not, then cometh the wicked one and catcheth
away that which was fown in his heart. Matt. xiii. 19.
If any one prince made a felicity in this life, ^nd left fair
fame after death, without the love of his fubjedls,* there were
fome colour to defpife it. Suckling.
3. Different; diverfe; oppofed to another.
What a precious comfort to have fo many, like brothers,
commanding one another’s fortunes. Shakefpeare.
It is one thing to draw outlines true, the features like, the
proportions exadl, the colouring tolerable, and another thing
to make all thefe graceful. Dryden.
Suppofe the common depth of the fea, taking one place
with another, to be about a quarter of a mile.- Burnet.
It is one thing to think right, and another thing to know
the right way to lay our thoughts before others with advan¬
tage and clearnefs. " Locke.
My legs were clofed together by fo many wrappers one
over another, that I looked like an Egyptian mummy. Add.
Two bones rubbed hard againft one another, orwith a file,
produce a fetid fmell. . Arbuthnot on Aliments.
At one time they keep their patients fo warm, as almoft to
ftifle them, and all of a fudden the cold regimen is in vogue.
_ Baker on Learning.
4. One of two oppofed to the other.
Afk from the one fide of heaven unto the other, whether
there hath been any fuch thing as this. Deutr. iv. 32.
Both the matter of the ftone and marchafite, had been at
once fluid bodies, till one of them, probably the marchafite,
firft growing hard, the other, as being yet of a more yield¬
ing cooiiftence, accommodated itfelf to the harder’s fiiire.
&
rrM . Boyle.
1 heie can be no reafon why we fhould prefer any one ac¬
tion to another, but becaufe we have greater hopes of advantage from the one than from the other. Smallridge.
5. Particularly one.
u ,1 , °ne day when Phaebe fair,
With all her band was following th* chafe.
This nymph quite tir d with heat of icorchinn air.
Sat down to reft. Fahy % L j.
o. borne future. ^
Heav n waxefch old, and all the fpheres above
Shall one day faint, and their fvvift motion ftay ;
And time itfelf, in time fhall ceafe to move,
But the foul furvives and lives for aye. Davies.
One. n.J'. [There are many ufes of the word one, which ferve
to denominate it a fubftantive, though fome of them may
feem rather to make it a pronoun relative, and fome may
perhaps
perhaps be confidcred as confiftent with the nature of an ad¬
jective.]
1. A fingle perfon.
If one by one you wedded all the world
She you kill'd would be unparalldU ’ Shaiefteare.
Although the beauties, riches, honours, fdences, virtues,
and perfections of all men were In the prefent pofTcffion of
m, yet lomewhat bi-yond and above all this there would dill
be fought and earneftly thirfted for. Hooker h i
From his lofty deed he flew, ‘ *
And raifing one by one the fuppliant cre’w
To comfort each. Drji’r Knight's tale,
\\ hen join d in one, the good, the fair, the great.
Defends to view the mufe’s humble feat. Granvile
2. A lingle mafs or aggregate.
• It is\ one thing only as a heap is one. Blackmcre.
3. I he hrit hour.
Till ’tis one o’clock, our dance of cuftom
4. Thf^r^"- “*** M °f r*d.
I marvel, why I anfwer’d not again ;
But that’s all one omittance is no quittance. Shakeft.
To be in the undemanding, and not to be underftood, is
all one as to lay any thing is, and is not in the underftand-
„ 1 aS* r Locke• 5. A perlon.
A good acquaintance with method will greatly affift every
one in ranging human affairs. Watts/ Logic!,
b. A perlon by way of eminence.
Ferdinand
My father, king of Spain, was reckon’d one,
a !va- Afeft prince,that there had reign’d. Shakefp.
7* A dilunct or particular perfon. Jr
That man fhould be the teacher is no part of the matter;
for birds will learn one of another. Bacon’s Nat. Hi/}.
I\o nations are wholly aliens and Grangers the one to the
°th^r' , r Bacon’s Holy War.
One or other fees a little box which was carried away with
her, and fo difeovers her to her friends. Drvden
8. Pcrfons united. "ryaen.
As I have made ye one, lords, one remain :
So I grow ftronger, you more honour gain. Shakef.
9* Concord; agreement; one mind. J'
The king was well in ftruefted how to carry himfelf be¬
tween Ferdinando and Philip, refolving to keep themat one
Within themfelves. ^ Bacon/ Henry VII.
He is not at one with himfelf what account to give of it.
^on’ -I'rencb* It is ufed fometimes a general or”mdefimte nominative for any man, any perfon. For one the
Enghfh formerly ufed men; as, they live obfeurely men know
not how? or die obfeurely, men mark not when. Afcham. For
which it would now be faid, one knows not how, one knows
hidefinhelv°r’ ** ^ known how’J Any perfon ; any man
It is not fo worthy to be brought to heroical effects by for¬
tune or neceffity, like UlyfTes and fEneas, as by one’s own
choice and working. Sidne b "
. ®ne may be bttle tbe wifer for reading this dialogue! fmee
it neither fets forth what Fiona is, nor what the caufe fhould
be which threatens her with death. Sidney b ii
One would imagine thefe to be the expreffions of a man
bkfled with eafe, affluence and power; not of one who had
been juft ftripped of all thofe advantages. Atterbury
For provoking of urine, one fhould begin with the gent]elf
iir l‘ . . Arbuthnot on Aliments.
for fome time one was not thought to underffand Ariftotle,
unlels he had read him with Averroe’s comment. Baker.
11. A perfon of particular character.
Then muff you fpeak
Of one that lov d not wifely, but too well;
Of me not eafily jealous; but being wrought
PeWithdim the ,eyreme' Shakefp. Othello.
With lives and fortunes truftin<T one
Who fodifcreetly us’d his own. ° Waller
Edward I. was one that very well knew how to ufe a vic¬
tory, as well as obtain it.
One who contemned divine and human laws. Drvden
12. One has fometimes a plural, either when it Hands for
perfons indefinitely; as, the great ones ofthe world: or when
it relates to fome thing going before, and is only the renrefentative of the antecedent noun. This relative mode of
fpeech, whether fingular or plural, is in my ear not very
elegant, yet is ufed by good authors. ^
: Be not found here ; hence with your little ones. Shakefp.
Thefe fucceftes are more glorious which bring benefit’ to
the world, than fuch ruinous ones as are dyed in human blood.
Glanvile's Scepf Pref.
He that will overlook the true reafon of a thing which
is but one, may eafily find many falle ones, error being in¬
finite. Tillctfon, Sernf. 1.
The following plain rules and dirtSions, are not ,he Uh
ufeful bccaufe they are plain ones. Atie I * ,
There are many whofe waking thoughts are whollv emp'oyed on them fleeprng me,. Addifin'o Spectator.
Ai bitrary power tends to make a man a bad foverciin whn
might‘poffibly have been a good one, had he been tnv’efted
WJ,i,an nUt.h?nty ,Hr-‘ted by law. Addifon's Freeholder.
1 His evil fortune which attends extraordinary men hath
been imputed to divers caufes that need not be fet down
when fo obvious an one Occurs, that when a great genius an-’
pears the dunces are all in confpiracy againft him. Swift
One eyed. adj. [one and eye.] Having only one eye. J '
A fign-poft dauber wou’d difdain to paint
I he oneeyd heroe on his elephant. Dryden.
The mighty family 7
Of oneeyd brothers hafien to the fhore. Addifon
Sd'tT‘W*J*W*»* Gr. cnlreerittjne,Kl
Tnd lv C vTsT ng t0 a"al°g)' be written ^.critical and omrocntick.] Interpretative of dreams
to his ZZ haS 110 aincl t0 p,afs b>' abr“PtlX from !>« imagined
new kind ofC1KCrUmft.-”CeS’l Z emPlo>' hi,nreIf m that
has direfledhtflTmaL7‘
0dreTmsE,'TICK- ^
Having furveyed all ranks and profeffions, I do not find
of d"eam7 ' tOWn “ “ interpreter
, earns.. Addifon s Spectator, N° c0c
Oneness nf [from one.] Unity; the quality of being one. ‘
Our God is one, or rather very onenefs and mere unitv
having nothing but itfelf in itfelf, and not confiftinv as a^l
things do befides God, of many things. S^?
7 he onenefs of our Lord Jefus Chriff, referring to the feeial hypoftaies, is the one eternal indivifible divine nature
and the eternity of the Ton’s generation, and his co-eternity’
and ffls confubffantiahty with the father when he came down
riom Heaven and was incarnate u ,
O'nerarv. adj. [merarius, Lat, tmeraife, Fr.] FitJ“
nage or burthens. J 1 car
To O'nerate, v. a. [oner0, Lat.] To load ; to burthen
Operation n f. [from onerate.] The aft of loading. Didi
oppreffiv'e y' Lat'^ Burthfnfomel
A bamfhed perfon, that is abfent out of neceffity, retains
a things onerous to himfelf, as a punifhment for his crime.
Onion, n.f [oignon, French.] ParerZon'
It hath an orbicular, coated, bulbous root; the leaves are
hollow or pip; the ftalk alfo hollow and (Wells out in the
J”1 d!e ’ t.he,f!owfs confifting of fix leaves are collected into a fphencal head ; the ftyle of the flower becomes a roundiffl
run divided into three cells, containing roundifh feeds. Mill
lr the boy have not a woman’s gift
To rain a fhower of commanded fears,
An onion will do well. Sha. Taming of the Shrew.
1 a" ,afs’. am omm-ey d. Sha. Ant. and Cleopatra.
i his 13 ev ry cook s opinion.
No fav’ry difh without an onion ;
But left your kiffing fliould be fpoll’d.
Your onions muft be throughly boil’d. Swift
Only. adj. [from one, onely, or onelike.] J
1, Single ; one and no more.
Of all whom fortune to my fword did brift-r.
This only man was worth the conquering. Drvden
2. This and no other. 0 ^
The logick now in ufe has long pofTeffed the chair, as the
only art taught in the fchools for the diredion of the mind
in the ltudy of the fciences. Lo~ke
3 This above all other; as, he is the only man for muftek ^
O'nly. adv.
1. Simply; firtgly ; merely; barely.
I propofe my thoughts only as conjedtufes. Burnet
Thepoftentyof the wicked inherit the fruit of their fa¬
ther s vices; and that not only by a juftjudgment, but from
the natural courfe of things. fillotfon, Serm. 4.
All who deferve his love, he makes his own ;
And to be lov d himfelf, needs only to be known. Dryd.
or muft this contrition be exerciled by us, only for proffer
evils; but when we live the beft. Wake
2. So and no otherwife.
Every imagination of the thoughts of his heart, was onlv
evil continually. ' q . *
3. Singly without more : as, only begotten.
O'nomancy. n.f. and p.diiiU.] Divination by a name
Defiinies were luperftmoully, by omtmney, deciphered oui
of names, as .hough the names and* natures of men were
motion* "S CO'’CUrrcdvoluntary
Onoma'ntical. adj. [S„rand Prediaill„ fPf
ao-ainft thrf 1? ^ 1Cn CUU0US t0 bn9w tbc fuccefs of his wars
6 omans, an onomantical or name-wifard Jew,
wr"’vs
O N Y
willed him to {hut up a number of fwine and give feme of
them Roman names, others Gothilh names with feveral marks,
' and there to leave them. Camden.
O'NSET. n.f. [on and/*/.]
1. Attack ; ftorm ; affault; firft brunt.
As well the foldier dieth, which ftandeth ftill, as he that
gives the braveft onfet. Sidney, b. ii.
All breathlefs, weary, faint,
Him fpying, with frelh onfet he aflail’d.
And kindling new his courage, feeming queint,
Struck him fo hugely, that through great conftraint
He made him ftoop. Fairy Queen, b. ii.
The Ihout
Of battle, now began, and rufhing found
Of onfet. Milton s Paradife Lof, b. Vi.
Sometimes it gains a point; and prefently it finds itfelf
baffled and beaten off; yet ftill it renews the onfet, attacks
the difficulty afrelh ; plants this reafoning and that argument,
like fo many intellectual batteries, till at length it forces a
way into the obftinate enclofed truth. South.
Without men and provilions it is impoffible to fecure conquefts that are made in the firft onfets of an invafion. Addif
Obferve
The firft impetuous onfets of his grief;
Ufe every artifice to keep him ftedfaft. Philips.
2. Something added by way of ornamental appendage. This
fenfe, fays Nicholfon, is ftill retained in Northumberland,
where onfet means a tuft.
I will with deeds requite thy gentlenels ;
And for an onfet, Titus, to advance
Thy name and honourable family,
Lavinia will I make my emprefs. ' Shakefp. Tit. And.
To O'nset. v. a. [from the noun.] To fet upon ; to begin.
This for a while was hotly onjetted and a reafonable price
offered, but foon cooled again. Carew.
Onslaught, n.f. [on and fay. See Slaughter.] At¬
tack ; ftorm; onfet.
They made a halt
To view the ground, and where t’affault.
Then call’d a council, which was beft.
By fiege or onfaught to inveft
The enemy ; and ’twas agreed
By ftorm and onfaught to proceed. Hudibras, p. i.’
Onto'logist. n. f. [from ontology.] One who confiders the
affeCtions of being in general; a metaphyfician.
Onto'logy. n.f. [ovTa and Aoyo;.] The fcience of the affeCtions of being in general; metaphyficks.
The modes, accidents and relations that belong to various
beings, are copioully treated of in metaphyficks, or more
properly ontology. Watts’s Logick.
O'nward. adv. [onbpeapb, Saxon.]
1. Forward; progreffively.
My lord,
When you went onward on this ended aCtion,
I look’d upon her with a foldier’s eye. Shakefpeare.
Satan was now at hand, and from his feat
The monfter moving onward came as faft.
With horrid ftrides. Milt. Par. Lof, b. ii.
Him thro’ the fpicy foreft onward come
Adam difeern’d, as in the door he fat
Of his cool bow’r. Milt. Paradife Lof, b. v.
Not one looks backward, onward ftill he goes.
Yet ne’er looks forward farther than his nofe. Pope'.
2. In a ftate of advanced progreffion.
Philoxenus came to fee how onward the fruits were of his
friends labour. _ Sidney.
You are already fo far onward of your way, that you have
Forfaken the imitation of ordinary converfe. Dryden.
3. Somewhat farther.
A little onward lend thy guiding hand
To thefe dark fteps, a little farther on. Milton.
O'nycha. n.f. It is found in two different fenfes in feripture. — The odoriferous fnail or (hell, and the ftone named
onyx. The greateft part of commentators explain it by
the onyx or odoriferous fhell, like that of the Ihell-filh
called purpura. The onyx is fifhed for in watry places of
the Indies, where grows the fpicanardi, which is the food of
this filh and what makes its {hell fo aromatick. Calmet.
Take fweet fpices, onycha, andgalbanum. Ex. xxx. 34.
G'nyx. n. f [ovv£.] The onyx is a femipellucid gem, of
which there are ieveral fpecies, but the blueifh white kind,
with brown and white zones, is the true onyx legitima of the
ancients. It is a very elegant and beautiful gem, and the
regular arrangement and difpofition of its colours make amends
for their want of ftiow. Hill’s Mat. Med.
Nor are her rare endowments to be fold,
For glittering fand' by Ophir fhown,
The blue-ey’d faphir, or rich onyx ftone. Sandys.
The onyx is an accidental variety of the agat kind : it is
of a dark horny colour, in which is a plate of a bluilh white,
and fometimes of red ; when on one or both fides the white,
OPE
there happens to lie alfo a plate of a reddilK orfidlh colour,
the jewellers call the ftone a fardonyx. TVcwdward on hojj.
OOZE. n. f. [either from eaux, waters, French ; or paep,
wetnefs, Saxon.]
1. Soft mud ; mire at the bottom of watef ; dime.
My foil i’th’ ooze is bedded. Shakefp. Tempef.
Some carried up into their grounds the ooze or fait water
mud, and found good profit thereby. Carew.
Old father Thames rais’d up his rev’rend head.
Deep in his ooze he fought his fedgy bed.
And fhrunk his waters back into his urn. Dryden.
2. Soft flow; fpring. This feems to be the meaning in Prior.
From his firft fountain and beginning ooze,
Down to the fea each brook and torrent flows. Prior.
3. The liquor of a tanner’s vat.
To Ooze. v. n. [from the noun.] To flow by ftealth; to
run gently ; to drain away.
When the contracted limbs were cramp’d, even then
A wat’rifh humour dwell’d and ooz’d agen. Dryden.
Where creeping waters ooze,
Where marfhes ftagnate, and where rivers wind,
Clufter the rolling fogs. Thomf. Autumn.
The lilly drinks
The latent rill, fcarce oozing thro’ the grafs. Thomfon.
O'gzy. adj. [from ooze.] Miry; muddy ; flimy.
From his oozy bed.
Old father Thames advanc’d his rev’rend head. Pope.
To Opa'cate. v. a. [opaco, Lat.] Tofhade; tocloud; to
darken ; to obfeure.
The fame corpufcles upon the unftopping of the g]afs, did
opacate that part of the air they moved in. Boyle.
Opa'city. n.f. [opacite, Fr. opacitas, Lat.] Cloudinefs ; want
of tranfparency.
Can any thing efcape the perfpicacity ofthofe eyes in whofe
opticks there is no opacity? Brown.
Had there not been any night, fhadow or opacity, we fhould
never have had any determinate conceit of darknefs. Glanv.
How much any body hath of colour, fo much hath it of
opacity, and by fo much the more unfit is it to tranfmit the
fpecies. Puy on the Creation:
The leaft parts of almoft all natural bodies, are in fome
meafure transparent; and the opacity of thofe bodies arifeth
from the multitude of reflexions caufed in their internal parts.
Newt. Opt.
Opa'cous. adj. [opacus, Latin.] Dark ; obfeure; not tranfparent.
When he perceives that thefe opacous bodies do not hinder
the eye from judging light to have an equal diffufion through
the whole place that it irradiates, he can have no difficulty to
allow air, that is diaphanous, and more fubtile far than they,
and confequently, divifible into leffer atoms ; and having
leffer pores, gives lefs fcope to our eyes to mils light. Digby.
Upon the firm opacous globe
Of this round world, whofe firft convex divides
The luminous inferior orbs, inclos’d
From chaos, and th’ inroad of darknefs old,
Satan alighted. Milton's Paradife Lof, b. iii.
O'pal. n.f Thoopalis a very elegant and a very Singular
kind of ftone, it hardly comes within the rank of the pellucid
gems, being much more opake, and lefs hard. It is found
always in the pebble lhape of various Jizes, from the head
of a pin to the bignefs of a walnut. It is naturally bright,
fmooth and gloffy, and Ihows all its beauty without the help
of the lapidary : in colour it much refembles the fineft mo¬
ther of pearl; its bafis feeming a bluilh or greyilh white,
but with a property of reflecting all the colours of the rain¬
bow, as turned differently to the light, among which the
green and the blue are particularly beautiful, but the fiery
red is the fineft of all. This ftone is found in the Eaft-Indies,
in Egypt, Perfia and Tartary, and in fome parts of Europe,
particularly in Bohemia; but the oriental is much the fineft.
Hill's Mat. Med.
Thy mind is a very opal. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Th’ empyreal heav’n, extended wide
In circuit, undetermin’d fquare or round ;
With opal tow’rs, and battlements adorn’d
Of living faphir. Milton's Par. Lof, b. ii.
We have this ftone from Germany, and is the fame with
the opal of the ancients. Woodw. on Fojf.
Opa'que. adj. [opacus, Lat.]
They
Shot upward ftill direCl, whence no way round
Shadow from body opaque can fall. Milt. Par. Lof.
Thefe difappearing fixt liars were aClually extinguifhed
and turned into more opaque and grofs planet-like bodies.
Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
To Ope. 1 v. a. [open, Saxon; op, Iflandick, a hole. Ope
To O pen. \ is ufed only in poetry, when one fyllable is more
convenient than two.]
I. To unclofe ; to unlock ; to put into fuch a ftate as that the
inner parts may be leen or entered. The contrary to fut.
The
OPE OPE
The world’s mine oyfter.
Which I with fword will open. Shakefp. M. IV. of IV\nd.
Before you fight, ope this letter. Shakefp. K. Lear.
They confent to work us harm and woe,
To ope the gates, and fo let in our foe. Fairfax.
If a man open a pit and not cover it, and an ox fall there¬
in the owner of the pit fhall make it good. Ex. xxi. 23.
JLetus pafs through your land, and none fhall do you any
hurt; howbeit they would not open unto him. 1 Mac. v. 48.
Open thy mouth for the dumb in the caufe of all fuch as
are appointed to deftrudtion. Prov. xxxi. 8.
Open to me the gates of righteoufnefs. Pf. cxviii. 19.
Adam, now ope thine eyes ; and firft behold
Th’ effects which thy original crime hath wrought
In fome to fpring from thee. Milt. Par. Lojl, b. xi.
Our fleet Apollo fends.
Where Tufcan Tyber rolls with rapid force,
And where Numicus opes his holy fource. Dryden.
When firft you ope your doors, and palling by
The fad ill-omen’d objedt meets your eye. Drydcn.
When the matter is made, the fide muft be opened to let
it out. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2.To fhow ; to difeover.
The Englifh did adventure far for to open the north parts
of America. Abbot's Defcription of the World.
g. To divide; to break.
The wall of the cathedral church was opened by an earth¬
quake, and {hut again by a fecond. Addifon on Italy.
4. To explain ; to difclofe.
Some things wifdom openeth by the facred books of feripture, fome things by the glorious works of nature. Hooker.
Paul reafoned with them out of the feriptures, opening and
alleging, that Chrift muft needs have fuffered and rifen again
from the dead. Alls xvii. 3.
After the earl of Lincoln was flain, the king opened him¬
felf to fome of his council, that he was forry for the earl’s
death, becaufe by him he might have known the bottom of
his danger. Bacon's Henry VII.
Gramont governour of Bayonne, took an exquifite notice
of their perfons and behaviour, and opened himfelf to fome
of his train, that he thought them to be gentlemen of much
more worth than their habits bewrayed. IVotton.
A friend who relates his fuccefs, talks himfelf into a new
pleafure ; and by opening his misfortunes, leaves part of them
behind him: Collier on Friendjhip.
2.
5- To begin.
You retained him only for the opening of your caufe, and
your main lawyer is yet behind. Dryd. Ep. to thelVhigs.
Homer opens his poem with the utmoft fimplicity and modefty, he continually grows upon the reader. Notes on Odyjf.
To Ope. 1 -
To O'PEN. \ '
j. To unclofe itfelf; not to remain fhut; not to continue clofed.
The hundred doors
Ope of themfelves; a rufhing whirlwind roars
Within the cave. Dryden, /En.xi.
My old wounds are open'd at this view.
And in my murd’rer’s prefence bleed anew. Dryden.
Unnumber’d treafures ope at once.
From each fhe nicely culls with curious toil;
And decks the goddefs. Pope's Rape of Foe Lock.
To bark. A term of hunting.
If I cry out thus upon no trail, never truft me when I open
again. Shakefp. Merry Wives of IVindfor.
The night reftores our adtions done by day ;
As hounds in fleep will open for their prey. Dryden.
Cytheron loudly calls me to my way ;
Thy hounds, Taygetus, open and purfQe their prey. Dryd.
Hark ! the dog opens, take thy certain aim ;
The woodcock flutters. Gay's Rural Sports.
Ope. ) adj. [Ope is fcarcely ufed but by old authors, and by
O'pen. 3 them in the primitive not figurative fenfe.J
I. Unclofed ; not (hut.
The gates are ope ; now prove good feconds j
JTis for the followers fortune widens them ;
Not for the fliers. Shakefp. Corioldnus.
Moft facrilegious murther hath broke ope
The lord’s anointed temple, and ftole thence
The life o’ th’ building. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Then fent Sanballat his fervant, with an open letter in his
Neh. vi. 5.
Cleaveland.
hand.
With the fame key fet ope the door
Wherewith you lock’d it faft before.
Thro’ the gate,
Wide open and unguarded, Satan pafs’d. Milt. P. Lojl.
They meet the chiefs returning from the fight.
And each with open arms embrac d her chofen knight. Dry.
He, when ./Eneas on the plain appears,
Meets him with open arms and falling tears. Dryden.
The bounce broke ope the door. dryten.
The door was ope, they blindly grope the way. Dryden.
i. Plain; apparent; evident. , /
They crucify to themfelves the fon of God afrefh, and put
him to an open fhame. Hebr. vi. 6.
Th’ under-work, tranfparent, fhews too plain :
Where open aits accufe, th’ excufe is vain. Daniel.
3. Not wearing difguife ; clear; artlefs; lincere.
He was fo fecret therein, as not daring to be open, that to
no .creature he ever fpake of it. Sidney.
Lord Cordes, the hotter he was againft the. Englifh in
time of war, had the more credit in a negotiation of peace;
and befides was held a man open and of good faith. Bacon.
The French are always open, familiar, and talkative; the
Italians ftiff, ceremonious, and referved. Addifon.
This referved myfterious way of ailing towards perfons,
who in right of their pofts expedted a more open treatment,
was imputed to fome hidden defign. Swift.
His generous, open, undefigning heart,
Has begg’d his rival to follicit for him. Addifon's Cato.
4. Not clouded ; clear.
With dry eyes, and with an open look,
She met his glance midway. Dryden's Boccace.
Then fhall thy Craggs
On the caft ore another Pollio fhine;
With afpeit open fhall ereit his head. Pope.
5. Not hidden ; expofed to view.
In that little fpot of ground that lies between thofe two
great oceans of eternity, we are to exercife our thoughts,
and lay open the treafures of the divine wifdom and goodnefs
hid in this part of nature and providence. Burnet.
Thefe innate notions fhould lie open fairly to every one’s
view. Locke.
Moral principles require reafoning and difeourfe to difeover
the certainty of their truths : they lie not open as natural
. characters engraven on the mind. Locke.
6. Not reftrained ; not denied.
If Demetrius and the craftsmen have a matter againft any
man, the law is open and there are deputies; let them im¬
plead one another. . Adis xix. 38.
j. Not cloudy; not gloomy.
An open and warm winter portendeth a hot and dry fummer. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
8. Uncovered.
Here is better than the open air. Shakefp. K. Lear.
And when at laft in pity, you will die.
I’ll watch your birth of immortality ;
Then, turtle-like, I’ll to my mate repair.
And teach you your firft flight in open air. Dryden.
9. Expofed ; without defence.
. The fervice that I truly did his life.
Hath left me open to all injuries. Shakefp. Henry IV.
10. Attentive.
Thine eyes are open upon all the Tons of men, to give every
one according to his ways. Jer. xxxii. 19.
The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, and his ears
are open unto their cry. * Pf xxxiv. 15.
O'pener. n. f. [from open.]
1. One that opens; one that unlocks ; one that unclofes.
True opener of mine eyes,
Much better feems this vifion, and more hope
Of peaceful days portends, than thofe two paft. Milt',
2. Explainer; interpreter.
To us, th’imagin’d voice of heav’n itfelf >
The very opener and intelligencer
Between the grace, the fandtities of heav’n,
And our dull workings. Shakefp. Henry IV.
3. That which feparates; difuniter.
There may be fuch openers of compound bodies, becaufe
thefe wanted not fome experiments in which it appeared.
Boyle.
Openey'ed. adj. [open and eye.] Vigilant j watchful.
While you here do fnoring lie,
Openeyed confpiracy
, His time doth take. $hakefpeare's Tempejl.
Openha'nded. adj. [open and hand.] Generous; liberal ;
munificent. *
Good heav’n who renders mercy back for mercy.
With openhanded bounty fhall repay you. Rowe.
Openhea'rted. adj. [open and heart.] Generous; candid;
not meanly fubtle. .,
I know him well; he’s free and openhearted. Dryden.
Of an openhearted generous minifter you are not to fay that
he was in an. intrigue to betray his country; but in an in¬
trigue with a lady. . • Arbuthnot'r J. Bull.
Openhea'rtedness. n.f. [open and heart.] Liberality; mu¬
nificence; generofity.
Opening, n.f. [from open.]
1. Aperture; breach.
The fire thus up, makes its way through the cracks and
openings of the earth. IVoodw. Nat. Hijl.
2. Difcovery at a diftance ; faint knowledge ; dawn.
God has been pleafed to diflipate this confufion and chaos,
and
' OPE
and to give us Tome openings, Tome dawnings of liberty and
fettlement. South's Sermons.
1 he opening of your glory was like that of light ; you
fhone to us from afar and difclofed your firffc beams on dis¬
tant nations. Dryden.
O penly, adv. [from open.)
1. Publickly; not fecretly ; in fight; not obfcurely.
I heir adlions always fpoken of with great honour, are
now called openly into queftion. Hooker, b. v.
Prayers are faulty, not whenfoever they be openly made,
but when hypocrify is the caufe of open praying. Hooker.
Why fhould you have put me to deny
'T his claim which now you wear fo openly. Shakefp.
I knew the time,
Now full, that I no more fhould live obfeure.
But openly begin, as beft becomes
The authority which I deriv’d from heav’n. Par. Reg.
How grolly and openly do many of us contradidl the plain
precepts of the gofpel, by our ungodlinefs and worldly lulls.
1'Tillotfon, Serm. 5.
We exprefs our thanks by openly owning our parentage,
and paying our common devotions to God on this day’s lolemnity. Atterbury’s Sermons.
2. Plainly ; apparently; evidently; without difguife.
Darah
Too openly does love and hatred fhow :
A bounteous matter, but a deadly foe. Dryden.
Openmou'thed. adj. [open and mouth.] Greedy; ravenous;
clamorous; vociferous.
Up comes a lion openmouthed toward the afs. L’EJlrange.
Openness, n.f. [from open.)
1. Plainnefs; clearnefs ; freedom from obfeurity or ambiguity.
Deliver with more opennefs your anfwers
T o my demands. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
2. Plainnefs ; freedom from difguife.
The noble opennefs and freedom of his reflexions, are ex¬
pired in lively colours. Felton on the Clafficks.
T hefe, letters all written in the opennefs of friendfhip, will
prove what were my real fentiments. Pope’s Letters.
OPERA, n.f [Italian.]
An opera is a poetical tale or fidlion, reprefented by vocal
and inftiumental mufick, adorned with feenes, machines,
and dancing. Dryden s Pref. to Albion.
Operable, adj. [from operor, Latin.] To be done; prac¬
ticable.
Being uncapable of operable circumflances, or rightly to
judge the prudentiality of affairs, they only gaze upon the vifible fuccefs, and thereafter condemn or cry up the whole
progreflion. Drown s Vulgar Errours, b. i.
O'pERant. adj. [operant, French.] Adlive; having power
to produce any effedl. A word not in ufe.
Earth, yield me roots !
Who feeks far better of thee, fauce his palate
With thy moff operant poifon ! Shakefp. Tim. of Athens.
I muff leave thee, love, and fhortly too ;
My operant powers their functions leave to do. Shakefp.
To OPERATE. v. n. [operor, Latin; operer, French.] To
a£I; to have agency ; to produce effeiSls.
I he virtues of private perfons operate but on a few ; their
fphere of a&ion is narrow, and their influence is confined to
_ Atterbury's Sermons.
Bodies produce ideas in us, manifeftly by impulfe, the
only way which we can conceive bodies operate in. Locke.
It can operate on the guts and ftomach, and thereby pro¬
duce diftindt ideas. Locke.
A plain convincing reafon operates on the mind, both of
a learned and ignorant hearer as long as they live. Swift.
Where caufes operate freely, with a liberty of indifference
to this or the contrary, the effect will be contingent, and
the certain know ledge of it belongs only to God. TVatts.
Operation, n.f. [operatio, Lat .operation, French.]
1. Agency; produdion of effbas ; influence.
There are in men operations, fome natural, fome rational,
fome fupernatural, fome politick, fome finally ecclefiaftical.
t» hi . Hooker.
By all the operations of the orbs.
From whom we do exift and ceafe to be.
Here I difclaim all my paternal care. Shakefp. Lear.
All operations by tranfmiffion of fpirits and imagination,
work at diftance and not at touch. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Mealier s prefence had an extraordinary operation to procure
any thing defired. Clarendon, b. viii.
The tree whofe operation brings
Knowledge of good and ill, fhun to taffe. Milt. P. LoJl.
It the operation of thefe falts be in convenient glafles pro¬
mo c y warmth, the afeending fleams may eaffly be caught
and reduced ,„to a penetrant fpirit. Bmh.
. lC f-ain ai"! “-eft caufed by manna, are the effedts of
rts oferaUon on the ftomach and guts by the fcize, motion and
figure of its infenfible parts ’ T
2. Adtion; effedt. ’ * Locke'
Repentapoe and renovation confift not in the flrife, with.
O P I 1
or purpofe, but- in the adlual operations of good life. Hamm.
That falfe fruit
Far other operation firfl difplay’d,
Carnal defire inflaming. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. ix.
Speculative painting, without the affiffance of manual ope¬
ration, can never attain to perfection, but flothfully Janguifhes;
for it was not with his tongue that Apelles performed his
noble works. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
In this underflanding piece of clock-work, his body as
well as other fenfelefs matter has colour, warmth and foftnefs. But thefe qualities are not fubfiftent in thofe bodies,
but are operations of fancy begotten in fomething elfe. Bentley.
3. [In chirurgery.J The part of the art of healing which de¬
pends on the ufe of inftruments.
4. The motions or employments of an army.
Operative, adj. [from operate.] Having the power of ail¬
ing ; having forcible agency.
To be over curious in fearching how God’s all-piercing
and operative fpirit diflinguifhing gave form to the matter of
the univerfal, is a fearch like unto his, who not contented
with a known ford, will prefume to pafs over the greatefl
rivers in all parts where he is ignorant of their depths. Ral.
Many of the nobility endeavoured to make themfelves po¬
pular, by fpeaking in parliament againft thofe things which
were moil grateful to his majefty; and he thought a little
difcountenance upon thofe perfons would fupprefs that fpirit
within themfelves, or make the poifon of it lefs operative upon
others. . Clarendon.
In adlions of religion we fhould be zealous, adlive and
operative, fo far as prudence will permit. Taylor.
This circumftance of the promife muff: give life to all the
reft, and make them operative toward the producing of good
. Decay of Piety.
It holds in all operative principles, efpecially in morality;
in which, not to proceed, is certainly to go backward. South.
The will is the conclufion of an operative fyllo^ifm. Norr.
Opera'tor. n.f. [operateur, Fr. from operate.) One that performs any adl of the hand ; one who produces any effedt.
An imaginary operator opening the firfl: with a great deal
of nicety, upon a curfory view appeared like the head of
another. Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 275.
To adminifter this dofe, there cannot be fewer than fifty
thoufand operators, allowing one operator to every thirty. Swift.
Opero'se. adj. [operofus, Latin.] Laborious; full of trouble
and tedioufnefs.
Such an explication is purely imaginary, and alfo very
operofe, and would affedt a great part of the univerfe; they
would be as hard put to it to get rid of this water,’when
the deluge was to ceafe, as they were at firfl to procure it. •
. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
Written language, as it is more operous, fo it is more digelled, and is permanent. Holder.
Ophio phacous. adj. [o(pi; and tpsepu. ] Serpenteating.
Not ufed. “
All fnakes are not of fuch poifonous qualities as common
opinion prefumeifi; as is confirmable from ophiophagous na¬
tions, and fuch as feed upon ferpents. Brown’s V Err
OphTtes. n.f. A Hone.
Ophites has a dufky greenifh ground, with fpots of a lighter
green, oblong, and ufually near fquare. TVoodw. onFofT.
Ophtha'lmick. adj. [ophthalmique, Fr* from o'P^xXuog Gr.I
Relating to the eye. * r -j
° ! rTrArM,Y' ^ Fr. from Gr.I A
difeafe of the eyes, being an inflammation in the coats, pro¬
ceeding from arterious blood gotten out oftheveffels and col¬
lected into thofe parts.
The ufe of cool applications, externally, ismofteafvto
the eye; but after all, there will fometimes enfue a troublefome ophthahny. Sharp-s Surgery.
Opiate, n.f. A medicine that caufes fleep. 6 J
They chofe atheifm as an opiate, to fliil thofe Lightning
apprehenfions of hell, by inducing a dulnefs and lethargy of
mind, rather than to make ufe of that native and falutary
OW * Qarty rfepentan"e- Bentley’s Serm.
fleep ' adj' SoponferouSi fommferous; narcotick; caufing
The particular ingredients of thofe magical ointments,
r°P°r!fjrrUS* For anointing of the forehead
and back bone, is ufed for procuring dead fleeps. Bacon.
c . . All their fhape
bpangled with eyes, more numerous than thofe
Of Argus, and more wakeful than to drouze.
Charm d with Arcadian pipe, the paft’ral reed
Of Hermes, or his opiate rod. Milton’s Par. Lofi.
Lettuce, which has a milky juice with an anodyne or
opiate quality refolvent of the bile, is proper for melancholy.
^ _ Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Opifice. n.f. [optfictum, Lat.] Workmanfhip ; handiwork.
O pificer. n. f. [opifex, Lat.] One that performs any work ;
artift. A word not received. '
An
O P I O P o
There is an infinite diftance betwixt the poor mortal artift,
and the almighty opifcer. Bentley's Serin.
O finable, adj. [opinor, Lat.] Which may be thought. DiPl.
Opina'tion. n.J. [optnor, Lat.] Opinion ; notion. DiiJ.
Opina'tor. n.f. [opinor, Lat.] One who holds an opinion.
Coniider.againll what kind of opinators the reafon above
given is levelled. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
To Opi^e. v. n: [opinor, Latin.] To think ; to judge ; to
be of opinion.
Fear is an ague, that forfakes
And haunts by fits thofe whom it takes ;
And they’ll opine they feel the pain
And blows they felt to-day, again. Hudibras, p. i.
In matters of mere fpeculation, it is not much material to
the welfare of government, or of themfclves, whether they
opine right or wrong, and whether they be philofophers or no.
South's Serm.
But I, who think more highly of our kind,
Optne, that nature, as in duty bound,
Deep hid the Ihining mifehief under ground. Pope.
Opi'niative. adj. [from opinion.]
i. Stiff in a preconceived notion.
.2- Imagined ; not proved.
It is the more difficult to find oiit truth, becaufe ii: is in
fuch inconilderable proportions icattered in a mafs of opiniaiive uncertainties; like the filver in Hiero’s crown of gold.
Glanv. Scepf. c. 9.
Opinia'tor. n. f. [<opiniatre, French.] One fond of his own
notion ; inflexible ; adherent to his own opinion.
What will not opiniators and felf-believing men difpute of
and make doubt of ? Raleigh.
Effex left lord Roberts governour; a man of a four and
furly nature, a great opiniator, and one who mull be over¬
come before he would believe that he could be fo. CUrend.
For all his exadt plot, down was he caff from all his greatnefs, and forced to end his days in a mean condition ; as it
is pity but all fuch politick opiniators fhould. South's Serm.
OPINIA'TRE. adj. [French.] Obftinate; ftubborn.
Inftead of an able man, you defire to have him an infignificant wrangler, opiniatre in difeourfe, and priding himfelf in contradicting others. Locke.
Opinia'trety. 7 n.f [opiniatrete, French.] Obftinacy; inOpi'niatry. j flexibility; determination of mind ; ftubbornnefs. This word, though it has been tried in different
forms, is not yet received, nor is it wanted.
Left popular opiniatry fhould arife, we will deliver the chief
opinions. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vii.
The one fets the thoughts upon wit and falfe colours, and
not upon truth ; the other teaches fallacy, wrangling and
K opiniatry. Locke's Education.
So much as we ourfelves confider and comprehend of truth
and reafon, fo much we poffefs of real and true knowledge.
The floating of other men’s opinions in our brains, make us
riot one jot the mote knowing, though they happen to be
true : what in them was fcience, is in us but opiniatrety.
Locke.
I can pafs by opiniatry and the bufy meddling of thofe who
thruft themfelves into every thing. Woodw. Letters.
I was extremely concerned at his opiniatrety in leaving me;
but he ftiall not get rid fo. Pope.
OPINION. n.J'. [opinion, Fr. opinio, Lat.]
1. Perfwafton ofthe mind, without proof or certain knowledge.
Opinion is a light, vain, crude and imperfeeft thing, fettled
in the imagination, but never arriving at the underftanding,
there to obtain the tindlure of reafon. Ben. Johnfon.
Opinion is, when the affent of the underftanding is fo far
gained by evidence of probability, that it rather inclines to
one perfwafion than to another, yet not altogether without
a mixture of incertainty or doubting. Hale.
Stiff in opinion, ever in the wrong. Dryden.
Bleft be the princes who have fought
For pompous names, or wide dominion.
Since by their error we are taught,
That happinefs is but opinion. Prior.
2. Sentiments; judgment; notion.
Can they make it out againft the common fenfe and opinion
of all mankind, that there is no fuch thing as a future ftate
of mifery for fuch as have lived ill here. South.
Charity itfelf commands us, where we know no ill, to
think well of all ; but friendfhip, that always goes a pitch
higher, gives a man a peculiar right and claim to the o-0od
opinion of his friend. South's Sermons.
We may allow this to be his opinion concerning heirs, that
where there are divers children the eldeft fon has the right to
be heir. _ _ Locke.
Philofophers are of opinion, that infinite fpace is poffeffed
by God’s infinite omniprefence. Locke.
I (hall conclude my paper with a ftory out of Boccalini,
which fufficiently fhews us the opinion thatjudicious author
entertained of the fort of critics 1 have been here mentioning.
Addifon's hpePfator, N°. 291.
3. Favourable judgment.
In adtions of arms fmall matters are of great rriomefit;
efpecially when they lerve to raife an opinion of commanders.
Hayward.
Howfoever I have no opinion of thofe tilings ; yet fo mucli
I conceive to be true, that ftrong imagination hath more
force upon things living, than things merely inanimate. Bacon:
To Opinion, v. a. [from the noun.] 'Fo opine; to think.
A word out of ufe, and unworthy of revival.
The ftoicks opinioned the fouls of wife men dwell aboirt the
moon, and thofe fools wandered about the earth: whereas
the Epicureans held that death was nothing, nor after death;
Brotund V. Err.
That the foul and the angels are devoid of quantity and
dimenfion, is generally opinioned. G'lanv. Scepf. c. xiii.
It is opinioned, that the earth refts as the world s centre;
while the heavens are the fubjedt of the univerfal motions.
Glanv: Scepf c. xil
Opi'nionative. adj. [from opinion.'] Fond of preconceived
notions; ftubborn.
Striking at the root of pedantry and opinionative affurance;
would be no hindrance to the world’s improvement. Glanv.
One would rather chufe a reader without art, than one
ill inftrudted with learning, but opinionative and without judg¬
ment. Burnet's Theory of the Earth:
OpFnionatIvely. adv. [from opinionative.] Stubbornly.
Opi'nionativeness. n.J. [from opinionative.] Obftinacy.
Opi'nionist. n.f. [opinioniJlc,Yr. from opinion.] One fond of
his own notions.
Every conceited opinionijl fets up an infallible chair in his
own brain. Glanv. to Albius.
Opi'parous. adj. [opiparus, Lat.] Sumptuous. DiPf.
Opitula'tion. n.f [opitulatio, Lat.] An aiding; a help¬
ing. . _ " Didt.
O'pium. n.f A juice, partly of the refinous, partly of the
gummy kind. It is brought to us in flat cakes or maffes,
ufually of a roundifh figure, very heavy and of a denfe tex¬
ture, not perfectly dry : its colour is a dark brownifli yellow ;
its fmell is very unpleafant, of a dead faint kind; and its
tafte very bitter and very acrid. It is brought from Natolia,
from Egypt, and from the Eaft-Indies, where it is produced
from the white garden poppy; a plant of which every part
is full of a milky juice, and with which the fields of AfiaMinor are in many places fown as ours are with corn. When
the heads grow to maturity, but are yet foft, green and full
of juice, incifions are made in them, and from every one of
thefe a few drops flow of a milky juice, which foon hardens
into a folid confiftence. Thefe drops are gathered with great
care, and the fineft opium proceeds from the firft incifions.
In the countries where opium is produced, multitudes are em¬
ployed in preparing it with water, honey and fpices, and
working it up into cakes ; but what we generally have is the
mere crude juice, or at moft worked up with water; ora
fmall quantity of honey Efficient to bring it into form. The
ancients were greatly divided about the virtues and ufe of
opium; fome calling it a poifon, and others the greateft of
all medicines. At prefent it is in high efteem, and exter¬
nally applied it is emollient, relaxing and difeutient, and
greatly promotes fuppuration. A moderate dofe of opium
taken internally, is generally under a grain, yet cuftom will
make people bear a dram as a moderate dofe ; but in that
cafe nature is vitiated. Its firft effedt is the making the pa¬
tient cheerful, as if he had drank moderately of wine ; it
removes melancholy, excites boldnefs, and diffipates the
dread of danger; and for this reafon the Turks always take
it when they are going to battle in a larger dofe than ordi¬
nary : it afterward quiets the fpirits, eafes pain, and difpofes
to fleep. After the effedf of a dofe of opium is over, the
pain generally returns in a more violent manner ; the fpirits;
which had been elevated by it, become lower than before;
and the pulfe languid. An immoderate dofe of opium brings
on a fort of drunkennefs, cheerfulnefs and loud laughter, at
firft, and, after many terrible fymptoms, death itfelf. Thofe
who have accuftomed themfelves to an immoderate ufe of
opium, are fubjedl to relaxations and weakneffes of all the
parts of the body ; they are apt to be faint, idle and thoughtlefs, and are generally in a ftupid and uncomfortable ftate,
except juft after they have taken a frefh dofe : they lofe their
appetite, and in fine grow old before their time; Hill.
Sleep hath forfook and giv’n me o’er
To death’s benumbing opium as my only cure. Milton.
The colour and tafte of opium are, as well as its foporific
or anodyne virtues, mere powers depending on its primary
qualities, whereby it is fitted to produce different operations
on different parts of our bodies. Locke
O'PLE-TREE. n.f [ople and tree.] A fort of tree. Ainf.
OPOBA'LSAMUM. n.f [Latin.] Balnj of Gilead.
OPO'PONAX. n.f [Latin.] A gum refin of a tolerably firm
textuie, in fmall loofe granules, and lometimes in large maffes,
which are impure. It is of a ftrong difagreeable fmell, and
an acrid and extremely bitter tafte. It is brought to us from
18 thft
o p P
the F.aft, and was well known to the Greeks ; but we ate
entirely ignorant of the plant which produces this drug. It
is attenuating and difciitient, and gently purgative. Hill.
O'ppidan. n.f. [oppidanus, Lat.J A townfman; an inhabi¬
tant of a town.
To Oppi'gnerate. v. a. [oppigneYo, Lat.J To pledge; to
pawn.
The duke of Guife Henry was the greateft ufuter in France,
for that he had turned all his eftate into obligations ; meaning
that he had fold and oppignorated all his patrimony, to give
Jarge donatives to other men. Bacon.
Ferdinando merchanded at this time with France, for the
reftoring Rouffillion and Perpignan, oppignorated to them.
Bacon s Henry VII.
To O'PPILATE. v. a. [oppilo, Lat. oppiler, Fr.J To heap
up obftrudtiori.
Oppila'tion. n. f. [ oppilation, Fr. from oppilate. ] Obftrudfion ; matter heaped together.
The ingredients prefcribed in their ffibftance actuate the
fpirits, reclude oppilations, and mundify the blood. Harvey*
O'ppilative. adj. [oppilative, Fr.J Obftrudtive.
Opple'ted. adj. [oppletus, Lat.J Filled; crouded.
Oppo'nent. adj. [opponent, Lat.J Oppolite; adverfe.
Ere the foundations of this earth were laid,
It was opponent to our fearch ordain’d.
Thatjoy, ftill fought, Ihould never be attain’d. Prior.
Oppo'nent. n.f. [opponent, Lat.J
1. Antagonift; adverfaly.
2. One who begins the difpute by raifing objections to a tenet.
Inaltnuch as ye go about to deflroy a thing which is in
force, and to draw in that which hath not as yet been re¬
ceived, to impofe on us that which we think not ourfelves
bound unto; that therefore ye are not to claim in any con¬
ference other than the plaintiffs or opponents part. Hooker.
How becomingly does Philopolis exercife his office, and
feafonably commit the opponent with the'- refpondent, like a
long pradfifed moderator. More.
OPPORTU'NE. aclj. [opportune, Fr. opportunus, Latin.J Seafonable ; convenient; fit; timely; well-timed ; proper.
There was nothing to be added to this great king’s fe¬
licity, being at the top of all worldly blifs, and the perpetual
conftancy of his profperous fucceffes, but an opportune death
to withdraw him from any future blow of fortune. Bacon.
Will lift us up in fpite of fate,
Nearer our ancient feat; perhaps in view
Of thofe bright confines, whence with neighb’ring arms
And opportune excurfion, we may chance
Re-enter heav’n. Milton's Paradife Lo(l, b. ii.
Confider’d every creature, which of all
Molt opportune might ferve his wiles ; and found
The ferpent fubtleft beaft of all the field. Milton.
Opportunely, adv. [from opportune.] Seafonably ; conve¬
niently ; with opportunity either of time or place.
He was refolved to chufe a war rather than to have Bre¬
tagne carried by franee, being fituatc fo opportunely to annoy
England either for coaft or trade. Bacon's Henry VII.
Againft thefe there is a proper objection, that they offend
uniformity; whereof I am therefore opportunely induced to
fay fomewhat. IVotton's Architecture.
This experiment does opportunely fupply the deficiency. Boyle.
Opportunity, n.f. [opportunity Fr. opportunitas, Lat.J Fit
fit place; time ; convenience ; fuitablenefs of circumftances to
any end.
A wife man will make more opportunities than he finds.
Mens behaviour Ihould be like their apparel, not too ftraight
but free for exercife. Bacon, EJJay 53.
Opportunity, like a fudden guff.
Hath fwell’d my calmer thoughts into a tempeft.
Accurfed opportunity !
1 hat work’ll: our thoughts into defires, defires
To refolutions ; thofe being ripe and quicken’d,
I hou giv’ffc them birth, and bring’!! them forth to adfion.
Denham.
Tho their advice be good, their counfel wife,
Yet length ftill lofes opportunities. Denham.
Neglcdt no opportunity of doing good, nor check thy defire of doing it, by a vain fear of what may happen. Atterb.
All poets have taken an opportunity to give long deferiptions of the night. Broome's Notes on the Odyffey.
1 o OPPO'SE. v. a. [oppofer, French; oppono, Latin.J
1. 'Fo a£t againft ; to be adverfe ; to hinder; to refill:.
There’s no bottom, none
In my voluptuoufnefs : and my defire
All continent impediments would o’erbear,
That did oppofe my will. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
2. 1 o put in oppohtion ; to offer as an antagonift or rival.
If all men are not naturally equal, I am fure all Haves are ;
and then I may, without preemption, oppofe my fingle opini-
°n to his. r c 1ock.
3. To place as an obftacle.
Since he ftands obdurate,
And that n<? lawful means can carry me
OPP
Out of his envy’s reath* I do oppofe
My patience to his fury; Shakefp. Alerch. of Venice.
I__thro’ the „„w .feas w„„ purfu’d _their exil’ ..-I’d race,
Engag’d the heav’ns, oppos'd the ftormy main ;
Killnirp r\&frflCT Q * n t/3 i II But billows roar’d and tempeft: in vain. Drydt.en.
4.To place in front.
Her grace fat down
In a rich chair of ftate; oppofng freely
The beauty of her perfon to the people. Sbakefpeare.
To Oppo'se. v. n.
1. To adt adverfely.
A fervant, thrill’d with remorfe.
Oppos'd againft the a£t, bending his fwerd
To his great mafter. Shakefp. King Lear.
He pradtifed to difpatch fuch of the nobility as were like
to oppofe againft his mifehievous drift, and in fuch fort to en¬
cumber and weaken the reft, that they Ihould be no impedi¬
ments to him. Haywatd.
2. To objedt in a deputation ; to have the part of railing dif¬
ficulties againft a tenet fuppofed to be right.
Oppo'seless. adj. [from oppofe.J Irrefiftible ; not to be oppofed.
I could bear it longer, and not fall
To quarrel with your great oppofelefs wills* Sbakefpeare.
Oppo'ser. n.f. [from oppeje.] One that oppofes; antagonift;
enemy; rival.
Now the fair goddefs fortune
Fall deep in love with thee, and her great charms
Mifguide thy oppofers fwords : bold gentleman !
Prolperity be thy page. Shakefp. Coriolanus*
Brave wits that have made effays worthy of immortality ;
yet by reafon of envious and more popular oppofers, have fubmitted to fate, and are almoft loft in oblivion. Glanv.
I do not fee how the minifters could have continued in
their ftations, if their oppofers had agreed about the methods
by which they Ihould be ruined. Swif.
A hardy modern chief,
A bold oppofer of divine belief* Blacktnore.
O'PPOSITE. adj. [oppofite, Fr. oppofitus, Lat*J
1. Placed in front; facing each other.
To th’ other five,
Their planetary motions and afpedfs.
In fextile, fquare, trine and oppofite,
Of noxious efficacy. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. x-.
2. Adverfe; repugnant.
Nothing of a foreign nature, like the trifling novels, by
which the reader is milled into another fort of plealure,
oppofite to that which is defigned in an epick poem. Dryd.
This is a profpedf very uneafy to the luffs and paffions,
and oppofite to the ftrongeft defires of fleih and blood. Roger.
3. Contrary.
In this fallen ftate of man religion begins with repentance
and converfion, the two oppofite terms of which are God and
hn. _ TillotJon, derm. I.
Particles of fpeech have divers, ahd fometimes almoft op¬
pofite fignifications. £oc^
Opposite, n.f. , Adverfary; opponent; antagonift; enemy.
To the belt and wifeft, while they live, the world is con¬
tinually a froward oppofite, a curious obferver of their de¬
feats and imperfedtions; their virtues it afterwards as much
admireth. Hooker, b. v. f. 7.
He is the moft fkilful, bloody, and fatal oppojite that you
could have found in Illyria. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
The knight whom fate or happy chance
Shall grace his arms fo far in equal fight,
From out the bars to force his oppofite,
The prize of valour and of love fiiall gain. Dryden
OppositELY. adv. [from oppofite.']
1. In fuch a fituation as to face each other.
The lefTer pair are joined edge to edge, but not oppofitely
with their points downward, but upward. Crew's Mu/'
2. Adverfely. >’
I oft have feen, when corn was rioe to mow y
And now in dry, and brittle ftraw did grow, * t
Winds from all quarters oppofitely blow. May's Virril \
O'ppositeness. n.f. [from oppofite.] The ftate ofbe„f o -
polite. 0 1
Opposition, n.f [oppoftion, Fr. oppofitio, Lat.J
1. Situation fo as to front fomething; oppofed
Hoftile refiftance. & PP
He
Ciy d oh ! and mounted; found no oppoftion
hrom what he look’d for Ihould oppofe. Sbakefpeare.
V irtue which breaks thro’ all oppoftion,
And all temptation can remove.
Aloft fhines, and moft is acceptable above.
2.
He confiders Laufus refeuing his father at the
AHIton.
. . . ^ — ...v hazard of
his own life, as an image of himfeif when he took Anchifes
on his fhouldcrs, and bore him fafe thro’ the rao-c of the fire
and the oppoftion of his enemies. Dryden's Dufrejncy.
Contrariety of affediion. a j j
They who never trkd the experiment of a holy life, meafure
O P P O R
Pure the laws of God not by their intrinfical goodnefs, but
by the reludtancy and oppofition which they find in their own
hearts. Tillotfon, Semi. 6.
4. Contrariety of intcreft ; contrariety of rncafures.
5. Contrariety of meaning; diveriity of meaning.
The parts of every true oppofition do alway both concern
the fame fubjedt, and have reference to the fame thing, fith
otherwife they arebut in Ihcwoppofite, and not in truth.
Hooker, b. v. f. 48.
Reafon can never permit the mind to rejedt a greater evi¬
dence, to embrace what is lefs evident, nor allow it to enter4-
tain probability in oppofition to knowledge and certainty. Locke.
To O'PPRESS. v. a. [opprejfus, Lat.]
1. To crufh by hardlhip or unreafonable feverity.
Ifrael and Judah were oppreffed together, and all that took
them captives held them faff, they refufed to let them go.
Jcr. 1. 33.
Alas ! a mortal moft opprefl of thofe
Whom fate has loaded with a weight of woes. Pope.
2. To overpower; to fubdue.
We’re not ourfelves,
When natute, being opprefl, commands the mind
To fufter with the body. Shakefp. King Lear.
In blazing height of noon.
The fun opprefs'd, is plung’d in thickeft gloom. Thomf
Oppression. n.J'. [oppreffion, Fr. from opprefs.]
1. The adt of opprefling ; cruelty; feverity.
2. The ftate of being opprefled ; milery.
Famine is in thy cheeks ;
Need and opprejfon flare within thine eyes.
Contempt and beggary hang upon thy back. Shakefp.
Crelar himfelf has work, and our oppreffion
Exceeds what we expected. Shake]'. Ant. andCleop.
3. Hardfhip; calamity.
• We are all fubjedt to the fame accidents; and when we
fee any under particular oppreffion, we fhould look upon it as
the common lot of human nature. Addif. Spectator.
4. Dullnefs of fpirits ; laflitude of body.
Droufinefs, oppreffion, heavinefs, and laflitude, are figns
of a too plentiful meal. Arbuthnot on Aliment.
OppreSsive. adj. [from opprefs.]
j. Cruel; inhuman; unjuftly exadtious or fevere.
2. Heavy ; overwhelming.
Alicia, reach thy friendly arm.
And help me to fupport that feeble frame,
That nodding totters with oppreffive woe,
And finkstbeneath its load. Rowe’s fane Shore.
Oppressor, n.f [oppreffeur, Fr. from opprefs.'] One who
harfafles others with unreafonable or unjuft feverity.
I from oppreffors did the poor defend,
The fatherlefs, and fuch as had no friend. Sandys.
The cries of orphans, and th’ oppreffor’s rage.
Had reach’d the ftars. Dryden.
Power when employed to relieve the opprefled, and to
punifh the oppreffor, becomes a great blefling. Swift.
OPPRO'BRIOUS. adj. [from opprobrium, Lat.] Reproach¬
ful ; difgraceful ; caufing infamy; fcurrilous-.
Himfelf pronounceth them bleffed, that fhould for his
name fake be fubjedt to all kinds of ignominy and opprobrious
malediction. Hooker, b. v. f 48.
I will not here defile
My unftain’d verfe with his opprobrious name. Daniel.
Solomon he led by fraud to build
His temple right againft the temple of God.
On the opprobrious hill. Milton’s Paradife Lof, b. i.
They fee themfelves unjuftly afperfed, and vindicate therm
felves in terms no lefs opprobrious than thofe by which they
are attacked. Addifon’s Freeholder, Ntf. 137.
Oppkc/briously. ad. [from opprobrious.] Reproachfully ;
fcurriloufly.
Think you, this little prating York
Was not incenfed by his fubtle mother.
To taunt and fcornyou thus opprobrioufy. Shakefp. R. III.
OppRo'briousness. n.f. [fromopprobrious.] Reproachfulnefs;
feurrility.
To OPPUGN, v. a. [oppugno, Lat.] Tooppofe; to attack;
to refill.
For the ecclefiaftical laws of this land we are led by a
great reafon to obferve, and ye be by no neceflity bound to
!'oppugn them. _ Hooker’s Pref.
They faid the manner of their impeachment they could
not but conceive did oppugn the rights of parliament. Clar.
If nothing can oppugn his love,
And virtue invious ways can prove,
What cannot he confide to do
That brings both love and virtue too ? ( Hud. p. i.
The ingredients reclude oppilations, mundify the blood,
and oppugn putrefaction. ^ Plarvey.
Oppu'gnancy. n.f. [from oppugn.] Oppofition.
Take but degree away, untune that firing,
And hark what difeord follows, each thing meets
In meer oppugnancy. Shakefpcare’s. Trail, and Crefs.
Oppu'gner. n.f [from oppugn.] One who oppofes or attacks
The modern and degenerate Jews be, upon the fcore of
being the great patrons of man’s free will, not caufelelsly
efteemed the great oppugners of God’s free grace. Boyle.
Opsi'mathy. n.f. [o\]/iy.d$ix.] Late education ; late eru¬
dition.
Opsona'tign. n.f [opfohatio, Latin.] Catering; a buying
provifionsi Dii1.
O'ptaele. adj. [optabilis, Lat.] Defirable ; to be wifhed.
O'ptative. adj. [optativus, Lat.] Expreflive of defire. [In
grammar.]
The verb undergoes in Greek a different formation to fignify wifhine, which is called the optative mood. Clarke.
O’ptical. n.f. [oAUxo;.] Relating to the fcience of optics.
It feems not agreeable to what anatomifts and optical wri¬
ters deliver, touching the relation of the two eyes to each
other. Boyle.
O ptician. n.f. [from optick.] One fkilled in opticks.
O'ptick. adj. [oifhxos ; optique, Fr.]
1. Vifual; producing vifion ; fubfervient to vifion.
May not the harmony and difeord of colours arife from
the proportions of the vibrations propagated through the fibres
of the optic nerves into the brain, as the harmony and dif¬
eord of founds arife from the proportions of the vibrations
of the air ? Newt. Opt.
2. Relating to the fcience of vifion.
Where our mafter handleth the contractions of pillars,
We have an optic rule, that the higher they are the lefs fhould
be always their diminution aloft, becaufe the eye itfelf doth
naturally contradt all objedts, according to the diftanre.
TVitton’s Architecture.
O'PTicKk n.f. An inftrument of fight; an organ of fight.
Can any thing efcape the perfpicacity of thofe eyes "which
were before light, and in whofe opticks there is no opacity.
Brown.
Our corporeal eyes we find
Dazzle the opticks of our mind. Denham,
You may negleCt, or quench, or hate the flame,
Whofe fmoke too long obfeur’d your rifing name.
And quickly cold indiff’renCe will enfue,
When you love’s joys thro’ honour’s optick view. Prior.
Why has not man a microfcopick eye ?
For this plain reafon, man is not a fly.
Say what the ufe, were finer opticks giv’n,
T’infpeCt a mite, not comprehend the heav’n: Pope.
O'ptick. n.f. [Inrhxy.] The fcience of the nature .and laws
of vifion.
No fpherical body of What bignefs foever illuminates the
whole fphere of another, although it illuminate fomething
more than half of a lefler, according unto the dodtrine of
opticks. Brown’s Vulgar Err. b. vi.
Thofe who define fatisfadtion in the appearance, muff: go
to the admirable treatife of opticks by Sir Ifaac Newton.
Cheyne’s Phil. Prim.
O'ptimacy. n.f. [optimates, Lat.] Nobility; body of nobles.
In this high court of parliament there is a rare co-ordina¬
tion of power, a wholefome mixture betwixt monarchy,
optimacy, and democracy. Howph
Opti'mity. n.J. [from optimus.] The ftate of being belt;
O'ption. n.f. [opiio, Lat.] Choice; election.
Tranfplantation muft proceed from the option of the people,
elfe it founds like an exile ; fo the colonies muft be raifed by
the leave of the king and not by his command. Bacon.
Which of thefe two rewards we will receive, he hath left
to our option. Smallridge’s Serm.
O'pulence. 1 n.f [opulence,¥r. opttlentia', Latin.] Wealth;
O'pulency. ) riches; affluence.
It muft be a difeovery of the infinite flatteries that follow
youth and opulency. Shakefp. Tim. of Athens.
After eight years fpent in outvVard opulency and inward mur¬
mur, that it was not gfeater; after vaft fums of money and
great wealth gotten, he died unlamented. Clarendon.
He had been a perfbn not only of great opulence, but au¬
thority. Aiterbury.
There iri full opulence a banker dwelt,
Who all the joys and pangs of riches felt;
His fide board glitter’d u'ith imagin’d plate;
And his proud fancy held a vaft eftate. Swi "t.
C'pulenT. adj. [opulent, Fr. tpulenfus, Lat.] Rich ; wealthy ;
affluent.
He made him his ally, and provoked a mighty and opulent
king by an offenfive war in his quarrel. Bacon.
To begin with the fuppofed policy of gratifying only the
rich and opulent. Does our wife man think that the grandee
whom he courts does not fee through ali the little plots of
his courtfhip. South’s Sermons.
O'pulently. adv. [from opulent.] Richly; with fplendor.
Or. conjunct, [o^ep, Saxon.j
1. A disjunctive particle, marking diftribution, and fometimej^
oppofition. jf
Inquire what the antients thought concerning this world,
whether it was to perifli or no ; whether to be de¬
ftroved
<
ORA ORA
ftroyed or to ftand eternally ?
tie my mufe’s homage fhou’d receive,
If Icou’d write or Holies cou’d forgive.
Every thing that can be divided by the mind into two or
more ideas, is called complex. Watts's Logtck.
2. It correfponds to either ; he muft either fall or fly.
3. Or is fometimes redundant, but is then more properly omitted.
How great foever the fins of any unreformed perfon are,
Chrift died for him becaufe he died for all; only he muft re¬
form and forfake his fins, or elfe he fhall never receive bene¬
fit of his death. Hammond's Fund.
4. [op, or aepe, Saxon.] Before ; or ever, is before ever.
Or we go to the declaration of this pfalm, it fhall be con¬
venient to fhew who did write this pfalm. Fijher.
The dead man’s knell
Is there fcarte afk’d for whom, and good men’s lives
Expire before the flowers in their caps.
Dying or ere they ficken. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Learn before thou fpeak, and ufe phyfick or ever thou be
fick. * Ecclus xviii. 19.
OR. n.f. [French.] Gold.
The fhow’ry arch
With lifted colours gay, or, azure, gules,
Delights and puzzles the beholders eyes. Philips.
O'rach. n.f. The flower is without leaves, but confifts of
many ftamina arifing from a five leav’d empalement; the
pointal becomes a flat orbicular feed, enclofed in the em¬
palement, which becomes a foliaceous capfule, including two
forts of feeds. There are thirteen fpecies ; of which the
firft called garden orach, was cultivated as a culinary herb,
and ufed as fpinach, though it is not generally liked by the
Englifh, but ftill efteemed by the French. It was formerly
ufed in medicine. Miller.
O'RACLE. n.f. [oracle, Fr. oraculum, Lat]
1. Something delivered by fupernatural wifdom.
The main principle whereupon our belief of all things
therein contained dependeth, is, that the fcriptures are the
oracles of God himfelf. Hooker, b. iii. f $.
2. The place where, or perfon of whom the determinations
of heaven are enquired.
Why, by the verities on thee made good,
May they not be my oracles as well.
And fet me up in hope ? Shakefp, Macbeth.
God hath now fent his living oracle
Into the world to teach his final will,
And fends his fpirit of truth henceforth to dwell
In pious hearts, an inward oracle,
To all truth requifite for men to know. Par. Reg.
3. Any perfon or place where certain decifions are obtained.
There mighty nations fhall enquire their doom.
The world’s great oracle in times to come. Pope.
4. One famed for wifdom ; one whofe determinations are not
to be difputed.
To O'racle. v. n. [from the noun.] To utter oracles. A
word not received.
No more fhalt thou by oracling abufe
The gentiles. Paradife Regained, b. i.
Ora'cular. \ adj. [from oracle.] Uttering oracles; refemOra'culous. J filing oracles.
Thy counfel would be as the oracle of
tJrim and thummim, thofe oraculous gems
On Aaron’s breaft, or tongue of feers old
Infallible. Milton's Paradife Reg. b. iii.
Here Charles contrives the ord’ring of his ftates,
Here he refolves his neighb’ring princes fates ;
What nation fhall have peace, where war be made,
Determin’d is in this orac’lous fhade. Waller.
Though their general acknowledgments of the weaknefs
of human underftanding look like cold and fceptical difcouragements ; yet the particular expreffions of their fentiments are
as oraculous as if they were omnifcient. Glanv Scepf.
They have fomething venerable and oracular, in that un¬
adorned gravity and xhortnefs in the expreffion. Pop. Pref.
Th’ oraclous feer frequents the Pharian coaft,
Proteus a name tremendous o’er the main. Pope.
Ora'culously. adv. [from oracidous.~\ In manner of an
oracle.
The teftimony of antiquity, and fuch as pafs oraculoufy
amongft us, were not always fo exadt as to examine the
dodfrine they delivered. Browns Vulgar Err. b. i.
Hence rife the branching beech and vocal oak,
Where Jove of old oraculoufy fpoke. Dryden.
Ora'culousness. n.f. [from oracular.] The ftate of fieing
oracular.
O raison, n. f. [oraifon, Fr. oratio, Lat.] Prayer; verbal
fupplication ; or oral worfhip : more frequently written orifon.
Stay, let s hear the oraifons he makes. Shakefpeare.
Bufinefs might fhorten, not dilturb her pray’r;
Heav’n had the beft, if not the greater fhare:
An adtive life, long oraifosis forbids.
Yet ftill fhe pray’d, for ftill flic pray’d by deeds. Dryden.
Burnet.
Garth.
ORAL. adj. [oral,Yt. os, orris, Latin.] Delivered by mouth ;
not written.
Oral difcourfe, whofe tranfient faults dying with the found
that gives them life, and fo not lubjedi to a ftridl review,
more eafily efcapes obfervation. Locke's Edutat.
St. John was appealed to as the living oracle of the church;
and as his oral teftimony lafted the firft century, many have
obferved, that by a particular providence leveral of our Sa¬
viour’s difciples, and of the early converts, lived to a very
great age, that they might perfonally convey the truth of the
gofpel to thofe times which were very remote. Addijon.
O rally, adv. [from oral.] By mouth ; without writing.
Oral tradition were incompetent without written monu¬
ments to derive to us the original laws of a kingdom, be¬
caufe they are complex, not orally traducible to fo great a
diftance of ages. Hale's Comm. Laws of Eng.
O'range. n. f. [orange, Fr. aurentia, Latin.] The leaves
have two lobes or appendages at their bafe like ears, and cut
in form of a heart; the fruit is round and depreffed, and of
a yellow colour when ripe, in which it differs from the ci¬
tron and lemon. The fpecies are eight. Miller.
I will difcharge it in your ftraw-coiour’d beard, your orange
tawny beard. Shakefp. Midf. Night's Dream.
The notary came aboard, holding in his hand a fruit like
an orange, but of colour between orange tawny and fcarlet.
which caft a moft excellent odour, and is ufed for a prefervative againft infection. Bacon's New Atlantis.
Fine oranges, fauce for your veal.
Are charming when fqueez’d in a pot of brown ale. Swift.
The ideas of orange colour and azure, produced in the
mind by the fame infufion of lignum nephriticum, are no
lefs diftimft ideas than thofe of the fame colours taken from
two different bodies. Locke.
O'rangery. n.f. [orangerie, Fr.] Plantation of oranges.
A kitchen garden is a more pleafant fight than the fineft
orangery, or artificial green houfe. Spectator, N°. 477.
O'rangemusk. n.f. See Pear, of which it is a fpecies.
O'rangewife. n.f. [orange and wife.] A woman who fells
oranges.
You wear out a good wholefome forenoon in hearing a
caufe between an orangewife and a foflet feller. Shakef.
Ora'tion. n.f. [oration, Fr. oratio, Lat.] A fpeech made ac¬
cording to the laws ofrhetorick; a harangue ; a declamation.
There fhall I try,
In my oration, how the people take
The cruel iffue of thefe filoody men. Shakefp. Jul. Caf
This gives life and fpirit to every thing that is fpoken,
awakens the dulleft fpirits, and adds a fingular grace and
excellency both to the perfon and his oration. Watts.
Orato'rical. adj. [from oratour.] Rhetorical; befitting an
oratour.
Where he fpeaks in an oratorical, affe&ing, or perfuafive
way, let this be explained by other places where he treats of
the fame theme in a doctrinal way. ' Watts.
O'ratour. n.f. [orateur, Fr. orator, Lat.]
1. A publick fpeaker ; a man of eloquence.
Poor queen and fon ! your lafiour is but loft ;
For Warwick is a fubtle orator. Shakefp. Henry VI.
As when of old fome orator renown’d.
In Athens or free Rome, where eloquence
Flourifh’d, fince mute ! to fome great caufe addrefs’d.
Stood in himfelf colledted; while each part,
Motion, each add, won audience. Milton's Par. Lojl.
The conftant defign of both thefe orators in all their
fpeeches, was to drive fome one particular point. Swift.
I have liftened to an orator of this fpecies, without being
able to underftand one Angle fentence. Swift.
Both orators io much renown’d,
In their own depths of eloquence were drown’d. Dryden.
2. A petitioner. This fenfe is ufed in addreffes to chancery.
O'ratory. n.f. [oratorio, ars, Lat.]
1. Eloquence; rhetorical fkill.
Each pafture ftored with fheep feeding with fober fecurity,
while the pretty lambs with bleating oratory craved the dams
comfort. Sidney.
When a world of men
Could not prevail with all their oratory,
Yet hath a woman’s kindnefs over-rul’d. Shakefpeare.
When my oratory grew tow’rd end,
I bid them that did love their country’s good.
Cry, God fave Richard. ,Shakefp. Rich. III.
Sighs now breath’d
Unutterable, which the fpirit of pray’r
Infpir’d, and wing’d for heav’n with fpeedier flight
Than loudeft oratory. A'lilton's Paradife Lojl, b. xi.
By this kind of oratory and profeifing to decline their own
inclinations and willies, purely for peace and unity, they
prevailed over thofe who were ftill furprifed. Clarend.
The former who had to deal with a people of much more
politenefs, learning, and wit, laid the greateft weight of his
oratory upon the ftrength of his arguments. Swift.
Come
3
ORB
Come harmlefs characters, that no one hit,
Come Henley’s oratory, Oiborn’s wit. Pope;
2. Exercife of eloquence.
The Romans had feifed upon the fleet of the Antiatcs,
amonir which there were fix armed with roftra, with which the
conful Menenius adorned the publick place of oratory. Arb.
3. ['Oratoire, French.J
Oratory fignifies a private place, which is deputed and al¬
lotted for prayer alone, and not for the general celebration of
divine fervice. Aylijfe's Parergon.
They began to ereCt to themfelves oratories not in any
fumptuous or ftatcly manner, which neither was poflible by
reafon of the poor eftate of the church, and had been peril¬
ous in regard of the world’s envy towards them. Hooker.
Do not omit thy prayers for want of a good oratory or
place to pray in ; nor thy duty for want of temporal en¬
couragements. Taylor's Guide to Devotion.
ORB. n.f [orbe, Fr. orbis, Latin.]
1. Sphere; orbicular body ; circular body.
A mighty collodion of water inclofed in the bowels of the
earth, conftitutes an huge orb in the interior or central parts;
upon the furface of which orb of water the terreftnal ftrata
are expanded. JVoodw. Nat. Hifl.
The with a ftorm of darts to diftance drive
The Trojan chief; who held at bay from far,
On his Vulcanian orb fuftain’d the war. Dryden.
2. Mundane fphere ; cclcftial body; light of heaven.
nl the floor of heav’11
There’s not the frnalleft orb- which thou behold’ft.
But in his motion like an angel lings.
Still quiring to the young-ey’d cherubims. Sbakefp.
3. Wheel; any rolling body.
The orbs
Of his fierce chariot roll’d as with the found
Of torrent floods. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, l. vi.
4. Circle; line drawn round.
5. Circle deferibed by any of the mundane fpheres.
Aflronomers, to folve the phenomena, framed to their
conceit eccentricks and epicycles, and a wonderful engine of
orbs, though no fuch things were. Bacon.
With fmiling afped you ferenely move.
In your fifth orb, and rule the realm of love. Dryden.
6. Period; revolution of time.
Self-begot, felf-rais’d.
By our own quick’ning pow’r, when fatal courfe
Had circled his full orb, the birth mature
Of this our native heav’n. Milt. Par. Lojl, b. v.
7. Sphere of adion.
Will you again unknit
This churlifh knot of all abhorred war.
And move in that obedient orb again,
Where you did give a fair and nat’ral light. Sbakefp.
8. It is applied by Milton to the eye, as being luminous and
fpherical.
A drop ferene hath quench’d their orbs,
Or dim fuffufion veil’d. Milton.
Orba'tion. n.f. [orbatus, Lat.] Privation of parents or chil¬
dren.
O'rbed. ad}, [from orb.]
1. Round; circular; orbicular.
All thofe fayings will I overfwear.
And all thofe fwearings keep as true in foul,
As doth that orbed continent the fire,
That fevers day from night. Sbakefp. Twelfth Night.
2. Formed into a circle.
Truth and juftice then
Will down return to men.
Orb'd in a rainbow, and like glories wearing. Milton.
3. Rounded.
A golden axle did the work uphold,
Gold was the beam, the wheels were orb'd with gold. Addif
Crbi'cular. adj. [orbiculaire, Fr. orbiculatus, Lat.]
1. Spherical.
He fli all monarchy with thee divide
Of all things, parted by th’ empyreal bounds,
His quadrature from thy orbicular world. Milton.
2. Circular.
The form of their bottom is not the fame; for whereas
before it was of an orbicular make, they now look as if they
were preffed. Addifon's Guardian, N°. 114.
By a circle I underfland not here a perfedt geometrical
circle, but an orbicular figure, whole length is equal to its
breadth, and which as to l'enfe may feem circular. Newt.
Orb/cularly. adj. [from orbicular.] Spherically ; circularly.
Orei'cularness. n.f. [from orbicular.] The ftate of being
orbicular.
Qrm'culated. adj. [orliculatus, Latin.] Moulded into an orb.
Orbit, n.f. [orbite, Fr. orbita, Latin.] rl he line deferibed
by the revolution of a planet.
Suppofe more funs in proper orbits roll’d,
Diflolv’d the fnows and chac’d the polar cold. Blackm.
Suppofe the earth placed nearer to the lun, and revolve for
inftance in the erb it of Mercury; there the whole ocean
O R D
would even boil with extremity of heat, and be all exhaled
into vapours ; all plants and animals would be fcorched. Bent.
OrbitY. n.f. [orbus, Latin.] Lofs, or want of parents or
children.
Orc. n.f. [orca, Lat. ofVyei.] A fort of fea-fifh. Ainf.
An illand fait and bare.
The haunt of feals and ores, and fea-maws clang. Milt.
O'rchal. n. f. A ftone from which a blue colour is made. Ainf.
O'rchanet. n.f. An herb. Ainf.
O'rchard. n.J. [cither hortyard or wortyard, fays Skinner-,
ojitjeapb, Saxon. Junius.] A garden of fruit-trees.
Planting of orchards is very profitable, as well as pleafurable. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
They overcome their riches, not by making
Baths, orchards, fi(h pools. Ben. Johnfon.
Her private orchards wall’d on ev’ry fide,
To lawlefs Sylvans all accefs deny’d. Pope.
C'RCHESTRE. n. f [French. o{Xvr/>cc.] The place where
the muficians are let at a publick fhow.
Ord. n.f. An edge or fharpnefs ; as in ordhelm, ordbright, iffe.
and in the Iflandifh tongue, ord ligr.ifies a fpear or dart. Gib.
Ord, in old Englifh, fignified beginning; whence probably
the proverbial phrafe odds [ords] and e?ids, for ficraps or rem¬
nants.
To O'rdain. *v. a. [ordino, Lat. ordonner, Fr.]
1. To appoint; to decree.
Know the caufe why mufick was ordain'd;
Was it not to refrefh the mind of man
After his ftudies, or his ufual pain ? Shakefbeare.
Jeroboam ordained a feaft. 1 Kings xii. 32.
He hath alfo prepared for him the inftruments of death ;
he ordaineth his arrows againft the perfecutors. Pf. vii. 13.
As many as were ordained to eternal life, believed.
Adis xiii. 48.
He commanded us to teftify that it is he which was or¬
dained of God to be the judge of quick and dead. Adisx. 42.
The fatal tent,
The feene of death, and place ordain’d for punifhment. Dryd.
To fouls opprefs’d and dumb with grief,
The Gods ordain this kind relief,
That mufick fhould in founds convey
What dying lovers dare not fay. IValiir.
My reafon bends to what thy eyes ordain ;
For I was born to love, and thou to reign. Prior.
2. To eftablifh; to fettle ; to inftitute.
Mulmutius
Ordain'd our laws, whofe ufe the fword of Csefar
Hath too much mangled. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
I will ordain a place for Ifrael. I Chron. xvii. 9.
God from Sinai defeending, will himfelf
In thunder, lightning, and loud trumpets found,
Ordain them laws. Adilton's Par. Loji, b. xii.
For thee I have ordain’d it, and
Have fuffer’d, that the glory may be thine
Of ending this great war ; fince none but thou
Can end it. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. vi.
Some laws ordain, and fome attend the choice
Of holy fenates, and eleeb by voice. Dryden.
3. To fet in an office.
All fignified unto you by a man, who is ordained over the
affairs, fhall be utterly destroyed. Ejlher, xiii. 6.
4. To inveft with minifterial function, or facerdotal power.
Meletius was ordained by Arian bifhops, and yet his ordi¬
nation was never queftioned. Stillingfeet.
O'rdainer. n.f. [from ordain.] He who ordains.
O'rdeal. n.f. [opbal, Sax. ordalium, low Lat. ordalie, Fr.]
A trial by fire or water, by which the perfon accufed appealed
to heaven, by walking blindfold over hot bars of iron; or
being thrown, I fuppofe, into the water ; whence the vulgar
trial of witches.
Their ordeal laws they ufed in doubtful cafes, when clear
proofs wanted. Hakewill on Providence.
In the time of king John, the purgation per ignem et
aquam, or the trial by ordeal continued; but it ended with
this king. Hale*
O'rder. n.f. [ordo, Lat. ordre, Fr.]
1. Method ; regular dilpofition.
To know the true ftate of Solomon’s houfe, I will keep
this order; I will fet forth the end of our foundation, the
inftruments for our works, the feveral employments afligned,
and the ordinances we obferve. Bacon's New Atlar.tis.
As St. Paul was full of the dodfrine of the gofpel; lb it lay
all clear and in order, open to his view. Locke-.
2. Eftablifhed procefs.
The moderator, when either of the difputants breaks the
rules, may interpofe to keep them to order. Watts.
3. Proper ftate.
Any of the faculties wanting, or out of order, produce
fuitable defeats in mens underftandings. Locke.
4. Regularity ; fettled mode.
This order with her forrow (he accords,
Which orderlefs all form of order brake.
18 R
Daniel.
5. Mandate i
ORD
5. Mandate; precept; command.
Give order to my fervants, that they take
No note of our being abfent. Shakefp. Mer. of Ven.
If the lords of the council iffued out any order againft
them, or if the king fent a proclamation for their repair to
their houfes, prefently fome nobleman deputed by the tables
jxiblifhed a proteftation againft thole orders and proclamations.
Clarendon.
Upon this new fright, an order was made by both houfes
for difarming all the papifts in England; upon which, and
the like orders, though feldom any thing was after done, yet
it ferved to keep up the apprehenfions in the people, of dan¬
gers and defigns, and to dilincline them from any reverence
or affedion to the queen. Clarendon.
I have received an order under your hand for a thoufand
pounds in words at length. Tatler, N°. 60.
6. Rule ; regulation. >.
The church hath authority to eftablifh that for an order
at one time, which at another time it may abolifh, and in
both do well. Hooker, b. v. f. 8.
y. Regular government.
The night, their number, and the fudden ad
Would daflr all order, and protect their fad. Daniel.
8. A fociety of dignified perfons diftinguifhed by marks of ho¬
nour.
Elves,
The feveral chairs of order look you fcour,
With juice of balm and ev’ry precious flow’r. Shakefp.
Princes many times make themfelves defires, and fet their
hearts upon toys ; fometimes upon a building ; fometimes
upon erecting of an order. Bacon.
She Jeft immortal trophies of her fame,
And to the nobleft order gave the name. Dryden.
By fliining marks, diftinguifh’d^they appear,
And various orders various enfigns bear. Granville.
9. A rank, or clafs. .
The king commanded the high prieft and the priefts of
the fecond order, to bring forth out of the temple all the
veffels. 2 Kings xxiii. 4.
Th’ Almighty feeing.
From his tranfeendent feat the faints among,
To thofe bright orders utter’d thus his voice. Milton.
10. A religious fraternity.
Find a bare foot brother out.
One of our order to alfociate me,
Here vifiting the fick. Shakefp. Rom. and Juliet.
ir. [In the plural.] Hierarchical ftate.
If the faults of men in orders are only to be judged among
themfelves, they are all in fome fort parties. Dryden.
Having in his youth made a good progrefs in learning,
that he might dedicate himfelf more intirely to religion he
entered into holy orders, and in a few years became renown¬
ed for his fandity of life. Addifons Spectator, N°. 164.
12. Means to an end.
Virgins muft remember, that the virginity of the body is
only excellent in order to the purity of the foul; for in the
fame degree that virgins live more fpiritually than other per¬
fons, in the fame degree is their virginity a more excellent
Fate. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
We fhould behave reverently towards the Divine Majefty,
and juftly towards men; and in order to the better difeharge
of thefe duties, we fhould govern ourfelves in the ufe of fenfual delights, with temperance. Tillotfon, Serm. 6.
The befit knowledge is that which is of greateft ufe in order to our eternal happinefs. Tillotfon, Serm. 1.
What we fee is in order only to what we do not fee; and
both thefe ftates muft be joined together. Atterbury.
One man purfues power in order to wealth, and another
wealth in order to power, which laft is the fafer way, and
generally followed. * Swift's Exam. N°. 27.
13. Meafures; care.
It were meet you fhould take fome order for the foldiers,
which are now firft to be difeharged and difpofed of fome way ;
which may otherwife grow to as great inconvenience as all
•. this that you have quit us from. Spenfer on Ireland.
Provide me foldiers,
Whilfl I take order for mine own affairs. Shakefp.
The money promifed unto the king, he took no order for,
albeit Softratus required it. 2 Mac. iv. 27.
If any of the family be diftrefted, order is taken for thenrelief arid competent means to live. Bacon.
14- [In architedure.J A fyftem of the feveral members, or¬
naments, and proportions of columns and pilafters; or it is
a regular arrangement of the projecting parts of a building,
especially, thole of a column ; fo as to form one beautiful
whole ; or order is a certain rule for the proportions of co¬
lumns, and for the figures which fome of the parts ought to
have, on the account of the proportions that are given them.
. T here are five orders of columns ; three of which are Greek,
viz. the doric, ionic, and Corinthian ; and two Italian, viz.
the tufean and compolite. I he whole is compofed of two
parts at leaf!, the column and the entablature, and of four
O R D
parts at the moll ; where there is a pedeftal under the co*
lumns, and one acroter or little pedeftal on the top of the
entablature. The column has three parts ; the bafe, the
fliaft, and the capital; which parts are all different in the
feveral orders.
In the tufean order^ any height being given, divide it into
ten parts and three quarters, called diameters, by diameters
is meant the thicknefs of the fbaft at the bottom, the pe¬
deftal having two ; the column with bafe and capital, feven ;
and the entablature one and three quarters.
In the doric order, the whole height being given, is divided
into twelve diameters or parts, and one third; the pedeftal
having two and one third, the column eight, and the enta¬
blature two.
In the ionic order, the whole height is dividedinto thirteen
diameters and a half, the pedeftal having two and two thirds,
the column nine, and the entablature one and four fifths.
In the corinthian order, the whole height is divided into
fourteen diameters and a half, the pedeftal having three, the
column nine and a half, and the entablature two.
In the compofite order, the whole height is divided into fif¬
teen diameters and one third ; the pedeftal having three and
one third, the column ten, and the entablature two.
In a colonnade or range of pillars, the intercolumination or
fpace between columns in the tufean order, is four diameters.
In the doric order, two and three quarters ; in the ionic or¬
der-, two and a quarter; in the corinthian order, two; and
in the compofite order, one and a half. Builder's Diet.
To O'rdeR. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To regulate ; to adjuft ; to manage ; to conduit.
To him that ordereth his conversation aright, will I fhew
the falvation of God. Pf ], 23.
As the fun when it arifeth in the heaven, fo is the beauty
of a good wife in the ordering of her houfe. Ecclus xxvi. 16.
Thou haft ordered all in meafure, number, and weight.
Wifd. xi. 20.
Bias being afked how a man fhould order his life ? anfwered, as if a man fhould live long, or die quickly. Bacon..
2. To manage; to procure.
The kitchin clerk that hight digeftion.
Did order all the cates in feemly wife. Fairy Kjueen.
3. Tomethodife; to difpofe fitly.
Thefe were the orderings of them in their fervice, to come
into the houfe of the Lord. 1 Chron. xxiv. 19.
4. To direct; to command.
5. To ordain to facerdotal function.
The book requireth due examination, and giveth liberty to
object any crime againft fuch as are to be ordered. Whitgift.
O'rderer. n.f. [from order.] One that orders, methodifes,
or regulates. (-
That there fhould be a great difpofer and orderer of all
things, a wife rewarder and punifher of good and evil, hath
appeared fo equitable to men, that they have concluded it
neceffary. _ Suckling.
Orderless. adj. [from order.] Diforderly ; out of rule.
All form is formlefs, order orde$lefs>
Save what is oppofite to England’s love. Shakefpeare.
Orderliness, n. f. [from orderly.] Regularity; methodicalnefs.
0'rderly. adj. [from order.]
1. Methodical; regular.
The book requireth but orderly reading. Hooker.
2. Not tumultuous ; well regulated.
Balfour, by an orderly and well-governed march, pafied
in the king’s quarters without any confiderable lofs, to a place
of fafety. Clarendon, b. viii.
3. According with eftablifhed method.
As for the orders eftablifhed, fith the law of nature, of
God and man, do all favourthat which is in beine, till or¬
derly of decifion be given againft it, it is butjufticc
to exad obedience of you. Hooker's Prcf
. A clergy reformed from popery in fuch a manner, as hap¬
pily to preferve the mean between the two extremes, in
dodrine, worfhip, and government, perfe&ed this reforma¬
tion by quiet and orderly methods, free from thofe confufions
and tumults that elfewhere attended it. Atterbury.
Orderly, adv. [from order.] Methodically; according to
order ; regularly ; according to rule.
All parts of knowledge have been thought by wife men
to be then moft orderly delivered and proceeded in, when they
are drawn to their firft original. Hooker, b. i.
Afk him his name, and orderly proceed
To fwear him. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Make it orderly and well.
According to the fafhion of tne time. Shakefpeare.
It is walled with brick and ftone, intermixed orderly. Sandys.
How fhould thofe adive particles, ever and anonjuftled
by the occurlion of other bodies, whereof there is an infinite
ftore, fo orderly keep their cells without any alteration of
fite. Glanville.
In the body, when the principal parts, the heart and li¬
ver, do their offices, and all the inferior finaller veflels ad
orderly
O R D
orderly and duly, there arifes a fweet enjoyment upon the
whole, which we call health. South's Serm.
O'rdinable. adj. [ordino, Lat.] Such as may be appointed.
All the ways of oeconomy God hath ufed toward a ra¬
tional creature, to reduce mankind to that courle of living
which is moft perfedly agreeable to our nature, and bv the
mercy of God ordinable to eternal blifs. Hamm.
Ordinal, adj. [ordinal) Fr. ordinalis, Lat.1 Noting order >
as, fecond, third. 3
The moon’s age is thus found, add to the epaft the day
of the month^ and the ordinal number of that month from
March inclulive, becaufe the epa& begins at March, and
the fum of thole, calling away thirty or twenty-nine, as
often as it arifeth, is the age of the moon. Holder.
O'RDINAL. n.f. [ordinal, Fr. ordinak) Latin.] A ritual; a
book containing orders. Ainf.
Ordinance, n.f. [ordonnance, French.]
1. Law; rule; prefcript.
It feemeth hard to plant any found ordinance) or reduce
them to a civil government; fince all their ill cuftoms are
permitted unto them. Spenfer on Ireland.
Let Richard and Elizabeth,
The true fucceeders of each royal houfe,
By God’s fair ordinance conjoin together ! Shakefp.
2. Observance commanded.
One ordinance ought not to exclude the other, much lefs
to difparage the other, and leaf! of all to undervalue that
which is the moft eminent. Taylor.
3. Appointment.
Things created to fhew bare heads,
When one but of my ordinance flood up.
To fpeak of peace or war. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
4. A cannon. It is now generally written for diftin&ion ord¬
nance ; its derivation is not certain.
Caves and womby vaultages of France,
. Shall chide your trefpafs and return your mock,
In fecond accent to his ordinance. Shakefp. Hen V
a’rdinarily. adv. [from ordinary.]
1. According to eflablifhed rules ; according to fettled method.
We are not to look that the church" fhould change her
publick laws and ordinances, made according to that which
is judged ordinarily, and commonly fitted; for the whole, al¬
though it chance that for fome particular men the fame be
found inconvenient. Hooker, b. iv. /. 12.
Springs and rivers do not derive the water which they or¬
dinarily refund, from rain. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
2. Commonly; ufually.
The inflances of human ignorance were not only clear
ones, but fuch as are not fo ordinarily fufpecled. Glanv.
Prayer ought to be more than ordinarily fervent and vi¬
gorous before the faerament. South's Sermons.
o rdinary. adj. [orainarius, .Latin.]
1. Eflablifhed ; methodical ; regular.
Though in arbitrary governments there may be a body of
laws obferved in the ordinary forms of juftice, they are not
fufficient to fecure any rights to the people ; becaufe they
may be difpenfed with. Addifon's Freeholder.
The Handing ordinary means of convi&ion failino- to in¬
fluence them, it is not to be expedled that any extraordinary
means fhould be able to do it. Atterbury
2. Common ; ufual.
Yet did fhe only utter her doubt to her daughters, think¬
ing, fince the worfl was paft, file would attend a further
occafion, leafl over much hafte might feem to proceed of
the ordinary miflike between fillers' in law. Sidney.
It is fufficient that Mofes have the ordinary credit of an
hiftorian given him. TillotfoH) Serm. r.
This defignation of the perfon our author is more than
ordinary obliged to take care of, becaufe he hath made the
conveyance, as well as the power itfelf, facred. Locke.
There is nothing more ordinary than children’s receiving
into their minds propofitions from their parents; which be¬
ing fallened by degrees, are at lafl, whether true or falfe,
riveted there. Locke
Method is not lefs requifite in ordinary converfation, than
in writing. Addifon's Spectator) N°. 476.
3. Mean ; of low rank.
Thefe are the paths wherein ye have walked, that are of
the ordinary fort of men ; thefe are the very fleps ye have
trodden, and the manifefl degrees whereby ye are of your
guides and directors trained up in that fchool. Hooker
Men of common capacity, and but ordinary judgment*
are not able to difeern what things are fittefl for each kind
and flate of regiment. • Hooker, b. i. f 10.
Every ordinary reader, upon the publifhingof a new poem,
lias will and ill-nature enough to turn feveral pafiages of it
into ridicule, and very often in the right place. Addifon.
My fpeculations, when fold fingle, are delights for the
rich and wealthy ; after fome time they come to the market
in great quantities, and are every ordinary man’s money.
Addifon's Spectator) Ny. 488.
Ore
You will wonder how fuch an ordinary fellow as WJ
could get his majefly’s broad feal. SwPt
4- Ugly; not handfome : as fhe is an ordinary woman. '
Ordinary, n.f.
1. Eflablifhed judge of ecclcfiaflical caufcs.
The evil will
Of all their parifhioners they had conflrain’d,
W ho to the ordinary of them compl.ain’d. Hubberd\
If fault be in thefe things any where juftly found, law hath
refered the whole difpofition and redrefs thereof to the or¬
dinary of the place. - Hooker, b. v. f I2.
2. Settled eflablifhment.
Spain had no other wars fave thofe which were grown in¬
to an ordinary ; now they have coupled therewith the extra¬
ordinary of the Valtoline and Palatinate. Bacon.
3> Adlual and conflant office.
Villiers had an intimation of the king’s pleafure to be
his cup-bearer at large and the fummer following he was
admitted in ordinary. Wott
4- Regular price of a meal.
. Our courteous Antony,
Being barber’d ten times o’er, goes to the feafl;
And for his ordinary pays his heart
For what his eyes eat only. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopat.
5' p ace eahng eflablifhed at a certain price.
T ley reckon all their errors for accomplifhments ; and all
the odd words they have picked up in a coffee-houfe, or a
gaming ordinary, are produced as flowers of flvle Swift
To O'RDINATE. w. *. [ordinatus, Latin.] ; f
1. To appoint.
Finding how the certain right did Hand,
With full confent this man did ordinate
The heir apparent to the crown and land; Daniel.
O rdinate. adj. [ordinatus, Lat.] Regular ; methodical.
Urdinate figures are fuch as have all their fides, and all their
angles equal. Ray on the Creation.
° ri ,A.'nn°tN' [ordinatio, Lat. from ordinate. 1
1. Eflablifhed order or tendency.
Virtue and vice-have a natural ordination to the happinefs
and mifery of life refpeaively. Norris.
2. The ad of inverting any man with faccrdotal power.
Though ordained by Arian bifhops, his ordination was neverqueftioned Stillmgfiee,.
St. Paul looks upon Titus as advanced to the dimiity of
a prime ruler of the church, and entrufled with a lame diocefe
under the immediate government of their refpe&ive elders -
and thofe deriving authority from his ordination. South.
O'rdnance. n.J. [This was anciently written more frequently
ordinance; but ordnance is ufed for diflinaion.] Cannongreat guns. J *
Have I not heard great ordnance in the field ?
And heav’n’s artillery thunder in the fkies ? Shakefp.
When a fhip feels or rolls in foul weather, the breaking
loofe of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleioh.
There are examples now of wounded perfons that have
roared for anguifh and torment at the difeharge of ordnance
though at a very great diflance. Bentley's SerJ
ORDONNANCE. n.f. [French.] Difpofition of figures in
a piaure.
O'rdure. n.f. [ordure, French; fromforties, Lat. Skinner.1
Dung; filth. J
Gard ners with ordure hide thole roots
That fhall firfl fpring and be moft delicate. Shakefp;
Working upon human ordure, and by long preparation
rendering it odoriferous, he terms it zibetta occidentalis. Brown.
We added fat pollutions of our own,
T’ encreafe the fleaming ordures of the flage. Dryden.
Renew’d by ordure's lympathetick force,
As oil’d with magic juices for the courfe. Rope.
Vig’rous he rifes. ^ '
Ore. n.f. [ope, or opas Saxon; oor, Dutch, a mine.]
1. Metal unrefined ; metal yet in its mineral Hate.
Round about him lay on every fide,
Great heaps of gold that never would be fpent;
Of which feme were rude ore not purify’d
Of Mulciber’s devouring element. Fairy ghieen.
They would have brought them the gold ore aboard^their
fiups- , Raleigh's Apology.
A hill not far,
Shone with a glofiy feurf, undoubted fign
That in his womb was hid metallic ore.
The work of fulphur. Milton's Paradife Lo,(1 b i
Who have labour’d more 9
To fearch the treafures of the Roman flore
Or dig in Grecian mines for purer ore ? * p r Wo ,.,..11 • 1 r pi 0/6 . Rolcommcn.
.... ,,walk dreams on fury land,
Where goUcn l.es mixt with common find. Dryden.
1 hole who unripe veins in mines explore,
"eihn nch bf.c aJpam the warm turf lay,
rm time digefis the yet imperfect m.
And know it will be gold another day. Dryden.
Thofe
Garth.
O R G
Thofe profounder regions they explore.
Where metals ripen in vaft cakes of ore.
2-. Metal. ,
The liquid ore he drain’d
Firft his own tools ; then what might elfe be wrought,
Fufile, or grav’n in metal. Milt. Par. Lojl, b. xi.
Q'reweed. In. f. A weed either growing upon the rocks unO'rewood. i der high water mark, or broken from the bot¬
tom of the fea by rough weather, and caft upon the next
by the wind and flood. Caretv s Survey of Cornwall.
O'rgal. n.f Lees of wine. Ainf.
O'RGAN. n.f. [organe, Fr. opyosvov.]
1. Natural inftrument; as the tongue is the organ of fpeech,
the lungs of refpiration.
When he (hall hear (he died upon his words.
The ever lovely organ of her life
Shall come apparell’d in more precious habit.
Than when Ihe liv’d indeed. Shakefpeare.
For a mean and organ, by which this operative virtue
might be continued, God appointed the light to be united,
and gave it alfo motion and heat. Raleigh.
The aptnefs of birds is not fo much in the conformity of
the oi*ga?is of fpeech, as in their attention. Bacon.
Wit and will
Can judge and chufe, without the body’s aid ;
Tho’ on fuch objects they are working ftill.
As thro’ the body’s organs are convey’d. Davies.
2. An inftrument of mufick confifting of pipes filled with wind
and of flops, touched by the hand. [Orgue, Fr.J
A hand of a vaft extenfion, and a prodigious number of
fingers playing upon all the organ pipes in the world, and
making every one found a particular note. Keil.
While in more lengthen’d notes and flow.
The deep, majeftick, folemn organs blow. Pope.
'Orga'nxck!" \ adj‘‘ iorSani<lue> Fr‘ organicusyLzt.]
I.Confifting of various parts co-operating with each other.
He rounds the air, and breaks the hymnick notes
In birds, heav’n’s chorifters, organick throats j
Which, if they did not die, might feem to be
A tenth rank in the heavenly hierarchy. Donne.
He with ferpent tongue
Organick, or impulfe of vocal air.
His fraudulent temptation thus began. Milt. P• Lojl.
The. organical ftrufture of human bodies, whereby they
live and move and are vitally informed by the foul, is the
workmanfhip of a molt wife, powerful, and beneficent be¬
ing. \ Bentley s Sermons.
2. Inftrumental; aSing as inftruments of nature or art, to a
certain end.
Read with them thofe organick arts which enable men to
difcourfe and write perfpicuoufly, elegantly, and according
to the fitteft ftyle of lofty, mean, or lowly. Milton.
3. Refpedling organs.
She could not produce a monfter of any thing that hath
more vital and organical parts than a rock of marble. Ray.
They who want the fenfe of difcipline, or hearing, are
alfo by confequence deprived of fpeech, not by any imme¬
diate, organical indifpofition, but for want of difcipline.
Holder s Elements of Speech.
Qrga'nically. adv. [from organical.] By means of organs
or inftruments ; by organical difpofition of parts.
All ftones, metals, and minerals, are real vegetables ; that
is, grow organically from proper feeds, as well as plants.
Locke on Nat. Philofophy.
Organic alne^s. n.f. [from organical.] State of being or¬
ganical.
O'rganism. n.f. [from organ.] Organical ftru&ure.
How admirable is the natural ftrudture or organifm of bo¬
dies. Grew's Cofmol. b, i. c. 4.
O'Rganist. n.f. [organijliy Fr. from organ.] One who plays
on the organ.
He is an organify and ferves that office in a publick choir.
Boyle on Colours.
Organization, n. f. [from organize.] Conftrudfion in which
the parts are fo difpofed as to be fubfervient to each other.
Every man’s fenfes differ as much from others in their figure,
colour, fite, and infinite other peculiarities in the organizationy as any one man’s can from itfelf, through divers acci¬
dental variations. Glanv. Scepf c. xxvi.
That being then one plant, which has fuch an organiza¬
tion of parts in one coherent body, partaking of one com¬
mon life, it continues to be the fame plant, though that life
be communicated to new particles of matter, in a like con¬
tinued organization. Locke.
To Organize, v. a. [organifer, Fr. from organ.] Toconftrudt fo as that one part co-operates with another; to form
organically.
As the foul doth organize the body, and give unto every
member thereof that fubftance, quantity, and Ihapc, which
O R l
nature feeth moft expedient, fo the Inward grace of facraments may teach what lerveth beft for their outward form.
Rookery b. v. f. 58.
A genial and cherilhing heat fo a<fts upon the fit and
obfequious matter, wherein it was harboured, as to organize
and fafhion that difpofed matter according to the exigencies
of its own nature. Boyle.
Thofe nobler faculties in the mind, matter organized could
never produce. Ray on the Creation.
The identity of the fame man confifts in a participation
of the fame continued life, by conftantly fleeting particles in
fucceffion vitally united to the fame organized body. Locke.
O'rganloft. n.f. [organ and loft.] The loft where the or¬
gans ftand.
Five young ladies of no fmall fame for their great feverity of manners, would go no where with their lovers but to
an 0rganloft in a church, where they had a cold treat and
fome few opera fongs. Tatler, N°. 61.
O'rganpipe. n.f. [organ and pipe.] The pipe of a mulical
organ.
The thunder,
That deep and dreadful organpipe pronounc’d
The name of Profper. Shahefpeare's Tempeft.
O'rgany. n.f. [origa?iumy Lat.J An herb. Ainf.
Orga'sm. n. f. [orgafmey Fr. opyacr^oq.] Sudden vehemence.
By means cf the curious lodgment and inofculation of the
auditory nerves, the orgafms of the fph its fhould be allayed,
and perturbations of the mind quieted. Derhams Phyfco-Theol.
O'rgeis. n.f A fea- ffth, called likewife organling. Both feem
a corruption of the orkenyling, as being taken on the Orkeny coaft. Ainf.
Orgiilous. adj. [orgueilleuxy French.] Proud; haughty.
From ifles of Greece
The princes orgiilous, their high blood chafed.
Have to the port of Athens fent their Ihips. Shakcfp.
O'rgies. n.f. [orgiesy Fr. orgia, Lat.J Mad rites of Bacchus ;
frantick revels.
Thefe are nights
Solemn to the fhining rites.
Of the fairy prince and knights.
While the moon their orgies lights. Ben. Johnfon.
She feign’d nocturnal orgies; left my bed.
And, mix’d with Trojan dames, the dances led. Dryd.
O'richalch. n.f. [orichalcumy Lat.J Brafs,
Not Bilbo fteel, nor brafs from Corinth fet,
Nor coftly orichalch from ftrange Phoenice,
But fuch as could both Phoebus’ arrows ward.
And th’ hailing darts of heav’n beating hard. Spenfer.
O'RIENT. adj. [oriensy Latin.J
1. Rifing as the fun.
Moon that now meet’ft the orient fun, now fly’ft
With the fix’d ftars. Milton's Par. Lofty b. v.
When fair morn orient in heav’n appear’d. Milton.
2. Eaftern; oriental.
3. Bright; fhining; glittering; gaudy; fparkling.
The liquid drops of tears that you have lhed.
Shall come again transform’d to orient pearl;
Advantaging their loan with intereft.
Oftentimes double gain of happinefs. Shakefp.
There do breed yearly an innumerable company of gnats,
whofe property is to fly unto the eye of the lion, as being a
bright and orient thing. Abbot on the World.
We have fpoken of the caufe of orient colours in birds;
which is by the finenefs of the ftrainer. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Morning light
More orient in yon weftern cloud, that draws
O’er the blue firmament a radiant white. Milton.
In thick fhelter of black fhades imbowr’d.
He offers to each weary traveller
His orient liquor in a cryftal glafs.
To quench the drouth of Phcebus. Milton.
The chiefs about their necks the fcutchcons wore.
With orient pearls and jewels powder’d o’er. Dryden.
O'rient. n.f. [orienty Fr.J The eaft; the part where the fun
firft appears.
ORIE'NTAL. adj. [oriental French.] Eaftern; placed in
the eaft ; proceeding from the eaft.
Your fhips went as well to the pillars of Hercules, as to
Pequin upon the oriental leas, as far as to the borders of the
eaft Tartary. Bacon's New Atlantis.
Some aferibing hereto the generation of gold, conceive
the bodies ol this fituation to receive fome appropriate in¬
fluence from the fun’s afeendent, and oriental radiations.
Brown s Vulgar Err. b. vi.
Orie'ntal. n.f. An inhabitant of the eaftern parts of the
world.
They have been of that great ufe to following ages, as to
be imitated by the Arabians and other orientals. Grew.
Orie'ntalism. n.f. [from oriental.] An idiom of the ea¬
ftern languages; an eaftern mode <rf fpeech.
2 Orie'ntality,
O R I
Orie'ntality. n.f [from oriental.] State of being oriental.
His revolution being regular, it hath no power nor eifiacy
peculiar from its orientality, but equally difperfeth his beams.
Brown's V. Err. b. vi.
Orifice. n.f [orifice, Fr. orificium, Lat.] Any opening or
perforation.
The prince of Orange, in his firft hurt by the Spanifh
boy, could find no means to ftanch the blood, but was fain
to have the orifice of the wound flopped by men’s thumbs,
fucceeding one another for the fpace of two days. Bacon.
Their mouths
With hideous orifice gap’d on us wide.
Portending hollow truce. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
./Etna was bored through the top with a monftruous ori¬
fice. Addifon's Guardian, N°. 103.
Blood-letting, Hippocrates faith, fhould be done with
broad lancets or fwords, in order to make a large orifice by
flabbing or pertufion. Arbuthnot on Coins.
O'riflamb. n.f. [probably a corruption of auriflamma, Lat.
or famine d'or, Fr. in like manner as orpiment is corrupted.]
A golden flandard. Ainf
O'rigan. n.f. [origan, Fr. origanum, Lat.] Wild marjoruni.
I faw her in her proper hue,
Bathing herfelf in origan and thyme. Fairy Ahicen.
O RIGIN. ) r r ' ' T? ' T 4. 1
-Original.\n'^ or,go, Lat.]
1. Beginning; firft exiflence.
The facred hiflorian only treats of the origins of terreflriai
animals. Bentley's Sermons.
2. Fountain ; fource ; that which gives beginning or exiflence.
Nature which contemns its origin,
Cannot be border’d certain in itfelf. Shakefp. King Lear.
If any Ration upon earth be honourable, theirs was ; and
their poflerity therefore have no reafon to blufti at the me¬
mory of fuch an original. Atterbury.
Original of beings ! pow’r divine !
Since that I live and that I think, is thine. Prior.
Thefe great orbs.
Primitive founts, and origins of light. Prior.
3. Firft copy ; archetype ; that from .which any thing is tranferibed or mandated. In this fenfe origin is not ufed.
Compare this tranflation with the original, and the three
firft flanzas are rendered almofl word for word, and not only
With the fame elegance, but with the fame turn of expreflion.
Addifon s Spectator, NQ. 229.
External material things, as the objects of fenfation; and
the operations of our minds within, as the obje&s of re¬
flection; are the only originals from whence all our ideas take
their beginnings. Locke,
4. Derivation; defeent. . „ *
They, like the feed from which they fprung, accurfl
Againfl the gods immortal hatred nurfl ;
An impious, arrogant, and cruel brood,
Expreffmg their original from blood. bryden.
ORI'GINAL. adj. [originel, Fr. originalis, Latin.] Primitive;
prifline ; firft.
The original queflion was, whether God by this law hath
forbidden the giving any worfhip to himfelf by an image ?
Stillingfleet on Idolatry.
Had Adam obeyed God, his original perfection, the know¬
ledge and ability God at firft gave him, would flill have
continued. brake's Prep,for Death.
You flill, fair mother, in your offspring trace
The flock of beauty deflin’d for the race ;
Kind nature, forming them the pattern took,
From heav’n’s firft work, and Eve’s original look. Prior.
Ori'g inally. adv. [from original. ]
I. Primarily ; with regard to the firft caufe.
A very great difference between a king that holdeth his
crown by a willing ad of eftates, and one that holdeth it
originally by the law of nature and defeent of blood. Bacon.
A prefent bleffing upon our falls, is neither originally due
from God’s juftice, nor becomes due to us from his vera¬
city. Smallridge's Sermons.
3. At firft.
The metallic and mineral matter, found in the perpendi¬
cular intervals of the ftrata, was originally, and at the time
of the deluge, lodged in the bodies of thofe ftrata. Woodw.
3. As the firft author.
For what originally others writ,
May be fo well difguis’d and fo improv’d.
That with fome juftice it may pafs for yours. Rofcomm.
Ori'ginalness. n. f. [from original.] The quality or ftate
of being original.
Ori'ginary. adj. [originaire, Fr. from origin.]
1. Productive ; caufing exiflence.
The production of animals in the originary way, requires
a certain degree of warmth, which proceeds from the fun’s
influence. Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
2. Primitive ; that which was the firft ftate.
Remember I am built of clay, and muft
Refolve to my originary duft. Sandy's Par. on Job.
O R P
T’o Ori'ginat e. v. a. [from origin.] L o brm^* into exit—
fence.
Origination, n.f [originatio, Lat. from originate.] The aCl
of bringing into exiflence ; firft production.
The tradition of the origination of mankind feems to be
univerfal; but the particular methods of that origination ex¬
cogitated by the heathen, were particular. Hale.
This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, but¬
terflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars. Ray.
Defcarfes firft introduced the fancy of making a world
and deducing the origination of the univerfe from mechanical
principles. Keil.
O'risons. n.f. [oraifon, French: this word is varioufly ac¬
cented ; Shakefpeare has the accent both on the firft and fecond fyllables; Milton and Crafhaw on the firft, others on
the fecond.] A prayer ; a fupplication.
Nymph, in thy orifons
Be all thy fins remember’d. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Alas ! your too much love and care of me.
Are heavy orifons ’gainft this poor wretch. Shakefp.
^He went into St. Paul’s church, where he had orifons and
Te Deum fung. Bacon's Henry VII.
My wakeful lay fhall knock
At th’ oriental gates, and duly mock
The early larks fhrill orifons, to be
An anthem at tne day s nativity. Crafhaw.
His daily orifons attraCt our ears. Sandys on Job.
Lowly they bow’d, adoring, and began
Their orifons, each morning duly paid. Milton.
So went he on with his orijons,
Which, if you mark them well, were wife ones. Cotton.
Here at dead of night
The hermit oft, mid his orifons, hears
Aghaft the voice of time departing tow’rs. Dyer.
O'rlop. n.f. [overloop, Dutch.] The middle deck. Skinn.
A fmall fhip of the king’s called the Penfie, was aftailed by
the Lyon, a principal fhip of Scotland ; wherein the Penfie
fo applyed her fhot, that the Lyon’s oreloop was broken, her
fails and tackling torn ; and laftly, Ihe was boarded and
taken. Hayward.
Q'RNAMENT. n.f. [ornamenium, Lat. ornement, Fr.]
1. Embellifhment; decoration.
So may the outward fhows be leaft themfelves ;
The world is flill deceiv’d with ornament. Shakefp.
The Tufcan chief, to me has fent
Their crown, and ev’ry regal ornament. Dryden.
No circumftances of life can place a man fo far below the
hotice of the world, but that his virtues or vices will render
him, in fome degree, an ornament or difgrace to his profeilion. ~ Rogers, Serm. 9.
2. Honour ; that which confers dignity.
The perfons of different qualities in both fexes, are in¬
deed allowed their different ornaments; but thefe are by no
means coftly, being rather defigned as marks of diftindtion
than to make a figure. Addifon on Italy.
Orname'ntal. adj. [from ornament.] Serving to decoration ;
giving embellifhment.
Some think it moft ornamental to wear their bracelets on
their wafts, others about their ancles. Brown.
If the kind be capable of more perfection, though rather
in the ornamental parts of it, than the effential, what rules
of morality or refpeCt have I broken, in naming the defeats
that they may hereafter be amended ? Dryden.
Even the Heathens have efteemed this variety not only
ornamental to the earth, but a proof of the wifdom of the
creator. IVoodw. Nat. Hifi.
If no advancement of knowledge can be had from univerfities, the time there fpent is loft; every ornamental part of
education is better taught elfewhere. Swift on Religion.
Ornamentally, adv. [from ornamental.] In fuch a man¬
ner as may confer embellifhment.
Orna'mented. adj. [ from ornament. ] Embellifhed ; be¬
decked.
O'RNATE. adj. [ornatus, Lat.] Bedecked; decorated; fine.
What thing of fea or land,
Female of fex it feems,
That fo bedeck’d, ornate and gay,
Comes this way failing. Milton's Agonifies.
O'rnateness. n.f [from ornate.] Finery ; ftate of being
embellifhed.
Orna'ture. n.f [ornatus, Lat.] Decoration. Ainf
Orni'scopist. n.J. [o^iu? and £cr>tc7nx.] One who examines
the flight of birds in order to foretcl futurity.
Ornithology, n. f. [ocvij and Kayos. ] A difeourfe on birds.
O'RPHAN. n.f [o’f(pavo?; orphelin, Fr.] A child who has
loft father or mother, or both.
Poor orphan in the wide world fcattered.
As budding branch rent from the native tree
And thrown forth until it be withered :
Such is the ftate of man. Fairy ^ucen^ b. 11.
Who can be bound by any folemn vow
To reave the orphan of his patrimony,
18 £ To
Shakefp.
ORT
’To wring the widow from her cuftom’d right,
And have no other reafon for his wrong.
But that he tvhs bound by a folemn oath ?
Sad widows, by thee rifled, weep in vain,
And ruin’d orphans of thy rapes complain. Sandys.
The fea with fpoils his angry bullets ftroW,
Widows and orphans making as they go.
Pity, with a parent’s mind.
This helplefs orphan whom thou leav’ft behind; Dryden.
O'rphAn. adj. [orphelin, Fr.J Bereft of parents.
This king left orphan both of father and mother, found
his eftate, when he came to age, fo disjointed even in the
nobleft and ftrongeft limbs of government, that the name
of a king was grown odious. Sidney, b. 11.
O'rphanage. I n.f. [orphelinage, Fr. from orphan.] otate
O'rphanism. 5 of an orphan. . .
Orpi'ment. n. f. [auripigmentum, Lat. orpiment, orpin, rr.J
True and genuine orpiment is a foliaceous foffil; lometimes
found in mafles of two or three inches diameter, and one
inch in thicknefs ; but it is oftener met with in fmaller con¬
geries of flakes from an eighth of an inch to a third in dia¬
meter, lodged in zarnich. See Zarnich. It is of a fine
and pure texture, remarkably heavy, and its colour is a
bright and beautiful yellow, like that of gold. It is not
hard but very tough, eafily bending without breaking ; fome
have declared orpiment to be only mufcovy talk, ftained by acci¬
dent. But talk is always elaftick,. but orpiment not fo ; talk
alfo remains unaltered in the ftrongeft fire, whereas orpiment
melts readily, and as readily burns away. Orpiment has
been fuppofed to contain gold, and is found in mines of
gold, filver, and copper, and fometimes in the ftrata of marl.
It is frequent in the Eaft-Indies and the Turkifh dominions,
the fineft coming from Smyrna. We have it alfo in Ger¬
many and Saxony. The ancients were well acquainted with
this drug, which they called arfenicon ; and though they
were utterly unacquainted with the poifonous fubftance called
arfenick, yet orpiment has been by fome very unjuftly deemed
a poifon ; but it appears to be an innocent medicine which
the ancients prefcribed internally. T. he painters are very
fond of it as a gold colour. Hills Mat. Med.
For the golden colour, it may be made by fome fmall mixture
of orpiment, fuch as they ufe to brafs in the yellow alchymy ; it
will eafily recover that which the iron lofeth. Bacon.
Orphanotrophy. n.f [ogtyoovos and lgo(pri.] An hofpital
for orphans.
G'rpine. n.f. [orpin, Fr.] Liverer or rofe root, anacampferos,
Telephum, or Rhodia radis. A plant. It hath a rofe fhaped
flower, confifting of feveral leaves placed orbicularly ; out of
whofe many-leaved empalement rifes the pointal, which after¬
ward becomes a three-cornered fruit, confifting of one cell,
which is filled with roundifh feeds ; the leaves are placed alter¬
nately on the branches. It is a low plant, whofe branches trail
on the ground ; the leaves are fmall and roundifh, of a glau¬
cous colour, and of a pretty thick confiftence. The flowers
are fmall, and of a whitifh green colour. Miller.
Cool violets and orpine growing ftill,
Embathed balm and cheerful galingale. Spenfer.
O'rrery. n.f. An inftrument which by many complicated
movements reprefents the revolutions of the heavenly bodies.
It Was firft made by Mr. Rowley, a mathematician born at
Litchfield, and fo named from his patron the earl of Orrery ;
by one or other of this family almoft every art has been en¬
couraged or improved.
O'rris. f. [oris, Latin.] A plant and flower.
It hath no leaves to the flower, but confifts of many ftamina arifing from a five-leaved empalement. The pointal
becomes the feed, which is flat and orbicular, and inclofed
in the empalement, which becomes a foliaceous capfule, in
which are included two forts of feeds. Miller.
The nature of the orris root is almoft Angular; for roots
that are in any degree fweet, it is but the fame fweetnefs
with the wood or leaf; but the orris is not fweet in the leaf;
neither is the flower any thing fo fweet as the root. Bacon.
O’rris. n.f. [old Fr.] A fort of gold or filver lace.
Orts. n.f. feldom with a Angular. [This word is derived
by Skinner from ort, German, the fourth part of any thing;
by Mr. Lye more reafonably from orda, Irifh, a fragment.
In Anglo Saxon, ord fignifies the beginning; whence in fome
provinces odds and ends; for ords and ends fignify remnants,
fcattered pieces, refufe; from ord thus ufed probably came
ort.] Refufe ; things left or thrown away.
He muft be taught, and train’d, and bid go forth ;
A barren-fpirited fellow, one that feeds
On abjedt orts and imitations. Shakefp. Jul. Caf
The fractions of her faith, orts of her love,
The fragments, feraps, the bits, and greafy rcliques
Of her o’er eaten faith, are bound to Diomede. Shakefp.
Much good do’t you then ;
Brave plufh and velvet men,
Can feed on orts and fafe in your ftage-cloths*
Dare quit, upon your oaths.
The ftagers, and the ftage-wrights too. Ben. Johnfon.
o s c
O RTHODOX, adj. [fy$oc and <Ww; orthodox, Fr.] Sound
in opinion and dodtrine ; not heretical.
Be you perfuaded and fettled in the true proteftant religion
profefled by the church of England ; which is as found and
orthodox in the doctrine thereof, as any Chriftian churc in
the world. „ n , *M0HEternal blifs is not immediately fuperftrudted on the molt
orthodox beliefs ; but as our Saviour faith, if ye know
things, happy are ye if ye do them ; the doing muft be nrft
fuperftrudted on the knowing or believing, before any happinefs can be built on it. , r Hammond
O'rthodoxly. adv. [ from orthodox. ] With foundnefs of
opinion.
The dodtrine of the church of England, exprcfled in the
thirty-nine articles, is fb fbundly and lo ortbodoxly fettled, as
cannot be queftioned without extreme danger to the honour
of our religion. Bacon.
O'rthodoxy. n. f. [oftoiofa ; orthodoxie, Fr. from orthodox.]
Soundnefs in opinion and dodlrine.
I do not attempt explaining the myfteries of the chriftian
religion, fince Providence intended there fhould be myfteries,
it cannot be agreeable to piety, orthodoxy, or good fenfe, to
go about it. f Sxu//?.
O rthodRomicks. n.f [from oo3p©J and J‘^o(m.©j.] The art
offailing in the ark of fome great circle, which is the fhorteft
or ftraighteft diftance between any two points on the furface of the globe. Harris*
O'rthodromy. n.f. [ocS-^ and $goy.(& ; ertbodromie, Fr.]
Sailing in a ftraight courfe.
O RTHOGON. n.f. [o^o? and yunot.] A re&angled figure.
The fquare will make you ready for all manner of com¬
partments ; your cylinder for vaulted turrets and round build¬
ings; your orthogon and pyramid, for {harp fteeples. Peach.
Orthogonal, adj. [orthogonel, Fr. from orthogon.'] Rectan¬
gular.
O'rthographer. n.f. [o^og and y^ct(pu.] One who fpells
according to the rules of grammar.
He was wont to fpeak plain, like an honeft man and a
foldier; and now he is turn’d orthographer, his words are juft
fo many ftrange difhes. Shakefpeare.
Orthographical, n.f. [from orthography.]
1. Rightly fpelled.
2. Relating to the fpelling.
I received from him the following letter, which, after
having rectified fome little orthographical miftakes, I {hall
make a prefent of to the public. Addifon*s Spectator.
3. Delineated according to the elevation, not the ground-plot.
In the orthographical fchemes there fhould be a true de¬
lineation and the juft dimenfions of each face, and of what
belongs to it. Mortimer*s Hufb.
OrthographicALLY. adv. [from orthographical.]
1. According to the rules of fpelling.
2. According to the elevation.
ORTHO'GRAPHY. n.f. [o^o? and ygdtpu; orthographie,Yr.]
1. The part of grammar which teaches how words fhould be
fpelled.
This would render languages much more eafy to be learned,
as to reading and pronouncing, and efpecially as to the writ¬
ing them, which now as they ftand we find to be troublefome, and it is no fmall part of grammar which treats of
orthography and right pronunciation. Holder.
2. The art or practice of fpelling.
In London they clip their words after one manner about
the court, another in the city, and a third in the fuburbs;
all which reduced to writing, would entirely confound ortho¬
graphy. Swift.
3. The elevation of a building delineated.
You have the orthography or upright of this ground-plat,
and the explanation thereof with a fcale of feet and inches.
r Moxori s Mech. Exer.
OrthoPnoea. n.f. [oftoirvoiu ; orthopnee, Fr.] A diforder
of the lungs, in which refpiration can be performed only in
ue upright pofture.
His difeafe was an afthma oft turning to an orthotnaea ; the
caufe a tranflation of tartarous humours from his joints to
his lungs. Harvey on Confumptions.
O'rtive. adj. [ortive, Fr. ortivus, Lat.] Relating to the rifing
of any planet or ftar.
O'RTOLAN. n. f. [French.] A fmall bird accounted very de¬
licious.
Nor ortolans nor godwits. Cowley.
O'rval. n.f [orvale, Fr. orvala, Lat.] The herb clary. Dift.
Orvie'tan. n.f. [orvietano, Italian; fo called from a moun¬
tebank at Orvieto in Italy.] An antidote or counter poifon;
a medicinal tompofition or electuary, good againft poifon.
Bailey.
Oscheo'cele. «./ [o&xcov and joiAh.] A kind of hernia when
the inteftines break into the ferotum. Dift.
Oscilla'tion. n. f. [ofcillum, Latin.] The adl of moving
backward and forward like a pendulum.
Osci'llatory. adj. [ojcillum, Lat.] Moving backwards and
forwards like a pendulum.
The
/
O S T
The a&ions upon the folids are ftimulating or increafing
their vibrations, or ofcillatory motions. Arbuthnot.
Osci'tancy. n.f [ojcitantia, Lat.]
1. The aft of yawning.
2. Unufual fleepinefs ; careleffnefs.
If perfons of fo circumlpe£t a piety, have been thus over¬
taken, what fecurity can there be for our wrecklefs ofcitancy?
Government of the Tongue.
It might proceed from the ofcitancy of tranfcribers, who,
to difpatch their work the fooner, ufed to write all numbers
in cyphers. Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 470.
OsciTant. adj. [ofcitans, Latin.]
1. Yawning; unufually fleepy.
2. Sleepy; ^fluggifh.
Our ofcitant lazy piety gave vacancy for them, and they
will now lend none back again for more adlive duty.
Decay of Piety.
OscitaTion. n.f [ofcito, Lat.] The a£t of yawning.
I fball defer confidering this fubjedt till I come to my treatife of ofcitation, laughter, and ridicule. Tatler, N*\ 63.
O'sier. n.f [ofier, French.] A tree of the willow kind, grow¬
ing by the water, of which the twigs are ufed for balketwork. 1
The rank of ofters, by the murmuring ftream.
Left on your right hand, brings you to the place. Shak.
Ere the fun advance his burning eye,
I muft fill up this ofier cage of ours
With baleful weeds and precious juiced flowers. Shakefp.
Bring them for food fweet boughs and ofters cut,
Nor all the winter long thy hay rick Ihut. May’s Virg.
Like her no nymph can willing ofters bend.
In bafket-works, which painted ftreaks commend. Dryd.
Along the marfhes fpread.
We made the ofier fringed bank our bed. Po. Odyjf.
O'smund. n.f. A plant. It is fometimes ufed in medicine.
It grows upon bogs in divers parts of England. Miller.
O'sPRAY. n.f. [corrupted from ojffraga, Latin.] The feaeagle, of which it is reported, that when he hovers in the
air, all the fifh in the water turn up their bellies, and lie
ftill for him to feize which he pleafes. Hanmer.
I think he’ll be to Rome
As is die ofpray to the fifh who takes it,
By fovereignty of nature. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Among the fowls Ihall not be eaten, the eagle, the offifrage,
and the ofpray. Numbers xi. 13.
O'SSELET. n.f. [French.] A little hard fubftance arifing
on the iiifide of a horfe’s knee, among the fmall bones ; it
grows out of a gummy fubftance which faftens thofe bones
together. * Farrier’s Dift.
O'ssicle. n f. [ojficulum, Latin.] A fmall bone.
There are three very little bones in the ear, upon whofe
right conftitution depends the due tenfion of the tympanum ;
and if the adlion of one little mufcle, which ferves to draw
one of thefe ojficles, fixt to the tympanum, be loft or abated,
the tenfion of that membrane ceafing, found is hindred from
coming into the ear. Holder on Speech.
O'ssifick. adj. [ojfa and facio, Lat.] Having the power of
making bones, or changing carneous or membranous to
bony fubftance.
If the caries be fuperficial, and the bone firm, you may
by medicaments confume the moifture in the caries, dry the
bone, and difpofe it, by virtue of its ojftfick faculty, to thruft
out a callus, and make feparation of its caries. Wifeinan.
Ossification, n. f. [ from ojfify. ] Change of carneous,
membranous, or cartilaginous, into bony fubftance.
OJfifications or indurations of the artery, appear fo conftantly in the beginnings of aneurifms, that it is not eafy to
judge whether they are the caufe or the effedf of them. Sharp.
Ossi'frage. n.f. [offifraga, Lat. offifrague, Fr.] A kind of eagle,
whofe flefti is forbid under the name of gryphon. The offifraga or ofpray, is thus called, becaufe it breaks the bones
of animals in order to come at the marrow. It is faid to
dig up bodies in church-yards, and eat what it finds in the
bones, which has been the occafion that the Latins called
it avis bufiaria. 1 Calmct.
Among the fowls Ihall not be eaten the eagle and the
offifrage, and the ofpray. Numb. xi. 13.
To O'ssiFY. v. a. [offa and facio.'] To change to bone;
The dilated aorta every where in the neighbourhood of
the cyft is generally offfyed. Sharp’s Surgery.
Ossi'vorous. adj. [offa and voro.] Devouring bones.
The bore of the gullet is not in all creatures alike anfwerable to the body or ftomach : as in the fox, which feeds
on bones, and fwallows whole, or with little chewing;
and next in a dog and other ojfivorous quadrupeds, it is very
}arrre> Derham’s Phyfico-Theol.
O'ssuary. n.f. [offiuarium, Lat.] A charnel houfe; a place
where the bones of dead people are kept. Ditt.
qST" I w. f. A vefiel upon which hops or malt are diied. Di£l.
Oste'nsive. adj. [oficntif Fr. ofiendo, Lat.] Showing ; be¬
tokening.
\ O S T
O'stent. n.f [ofientum, Latin.]
1. Appearance; air; manner; mien.
Ufe all th’ oblervance of civility,
Like one well ftudied in a fad ofient,
To pleafe his grandam. Shakefp. Merck, of Fen.
2. Show ; token. Thefe fenfes are peculiar to Shckefpcare.
Be merry, and employ your clucfeft thoughts
To courtlhip, and fuch fair ofients of love
As Ihall conveniently become you there. Shakefp,
3. A portent; a prodigy ; any thing ominous.
Latinus, frighted with this dire ofient.
For counfel to his father Faunus went;
And fought the Ihades renown’d for prophecy,
Which near Albunia’s fulph’rous fountain lie. Dryden»
OstentaTion. n.f. [ofientation, Fr. ofientutio, Lat.]
1. Outward Ihow ; appearance.
If thefe Ihows be not outwatd, which of you
But is four Volfcians ? —
— March on my fellows ;
Make good this ofientation, and you Ihall
Divide in all with us. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
You are come
A market-maid to Rome, and have prevented
The ofientation of our love. Sh'akefpeare.
2. Ambitious difplay; boaft; vain Ihow. This is the ufual
fenfe.
If all thefe fecret fprings of detraction fail, yet a vain
ofientation of wit fets a man on attacking an eftablilhed
name, and facrificing it to the mirth and laughter of thofe
about him* AddiJ<on’s Spectator, N°. 256.
He knew that good and bountiful minds were fometimes
inclined to ofientation, and ready to cover it with pretence
of inciting others by their example, and therefore checks
this vanity: Take heed, fays he, that you do not your alms
before men, to be feen. Atterbury.
3. A Ihow ; a fpedlacle. Not in ufe.
The king would have me prefent the princefs. with fome
delightful ofientation, Ihow, pageant, antick, or firework.
Shakefpeare’s Love’s Lab. LoJL
OSTENTATIOUS. adj. [fiento, Latin.] Boaftful ; vain;
fond of Ihow ; fond to expofe to view.
Your modefty is fo far from being cfientatious of the good
you do, that it blulhes even to have it known ; and therefore
I muft leave you to the fatisfadlion of your own conference,
which, though a filent panegyrick, is yet the beft. Dryden.
They let Ulyfles into his difpofition, and he feems to be
ignorant, credulous, and ofientatious. Broome on the Odyjf.
Ostentatiously, adv. [fromofientatious.] Vainly; boaftfully.
OstentaTiousness. n.f. [from ofientatious.] Vanity; boaftfulnefs.
OstentaTour. n. f. \_ofientateur, Fr. ofiehto, Lit.] A boafter ;
a vain fetter to Ihow.
OsteoAolla* n. f. [ofsov and xoXXoooo ; ofieocolle, Fr.] Ofieocolla
is frequent in Germany, and has long been famous for bring¬
ing on a callus in fractured bones; but the prefent practice
with us takes no notice of it. Hill’s Mat. Med.
Ofieocolla is a fpar, generally coarfe, concreted with earthy
or ftony matter, precipitated by water, and incrufted upon
fticks, ftones, and other like bodies. IFoodward.
Osteoscope. n.f. [’fieov and xodlu ; ofieocope, Fr.] Pains in
the bones, or rather in the nerves and membranes that encompafs them. Dtfi.
Oste'ology. n.f. [oVe^v and xiyu ; ofieologie, Fr.] A delcription of the bones.
Richard Farloe, well known for his acutenefs in diffe&ion
of dead bodies, and his great Ikill in ofieology, has now laid
by that practice. ^ atler, N . 62.
Osti'ary. n.f. [ofiium, Lat.] The opening at which a riever difembogues itfelf.
It is generally received, that the Nilus hath feven ofiiaries,
that is, by feven channels difburtheneth itfelf unto the fea.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. vi.
O'stler. n.f. [hoftelier, French.] The man who takes care
of horfes at an inn.
The fmith, the ofiler, and the boot-catcher, ought to par¬
take. Swift’s Direct. to the Groom.
O'stlery. n.f. [hofielerie, French.] i he place belonging to
the oftler.
O'stracism. n.f. [oVpaxur^o? ; ofiracifmefr r. j A manner of
palling fentence, in which the note of acquital or condem¬
nation was marked upon a Ihell which the voter threw
into a vefiel. Banifhment ; publics cenfure.
Virtue in courtiers hearts
Suffers an ofiracifm, and departs ;
Profit, eafe, fitnels, plenty, bid it go.
But whither, only knowing you, I know. Donne.
Publick envy is as an ofiracifm, that eclipfeth men when
they grow too great; and therefore it is a bridle to keep
them within bounds. Bacon’s Ejfuys, N°. 9.
Hyperbolus by buffering did traduce
The ofiracifm, and Iham’d it out of ufe. Chaueland.
This
O T H O V E
This man, upon a flight and falfe accufation of favouring
arbitrary power, was banifhed by ojlraciftn ; which in Englifh
would fignify, that they voted he fhould be removed from
their prefence and council for ever. Swift.
Ostra'cites. n. f. Ojlracites expreffes the common oyfter in
its foflil ftate, under whatever circumftances it has been pe¬
trified. Hill's Mat. Med.
Ostrich, n. f. [ autruche, Fr. Jlruthio, Lat. ] OJlricb is
ranged among birds. It is very large, its wings very fhort,
and the neck about four or five fpans. The feathers of its
wings are in great efleem, and are ufed as an ornament for
hats, beds, canopies : they are ftained of feveral colours,
and made into pretty tufts. They are hunted by way of
courfe, for they never fly; but ufe their wings to affift them
in running more fwiftly. The ojlrich fwallows bits of iron
or brafs, in the fame manner as other birds will fwallow
frnall flones or gravel, to afiifl in digefling or comminuting
their food. It lays its eggs upon the ground, hides them
under the fand, and the fun hatches them. Calmet.
I’ll make thee eat iron like an ojlrich, and fwallow my
fword like a great pin, ere thou and I part. Sbakefp.
Gaveft thou the goodly wings unto the peacock ? or wings
and feathers unto the ojlrich. Job xxxix. 13.
The Scots errant fight, and fight to eat.
Their ojlrich ftomachs make their fwords their meat. Cleav.
Modern ojlriches are dwindled to meer larks, in compa¬
nion with thofe of the ancients. Arbuthnot.
O-i acou'stick. 71.J. [cctoc. and axiiw ; otacoufliquc, Fr.] An
inllrument to facilitate hearing.
In a hare, which is very quick of hearing, it is fupplied
with a bony tube ; which, as a natural otacoujlick, is fo di¬
rected backward, as to receive the lmalleft and molt diftant
-found that comes behind her. Grew's Cofmol. b. i.
Other, pron. [o'Sep, Sax. autre, Fr.]
•I. Not the fame; not this ; different.
Of good aCtions fome are better than other fome. Hooker.
Will it not be received
That they have don’t,
Who dares receive it other ? Sbakefp. K. Lear.
He that will not give juft occafion to think, that all go¬
vernment in the world is the produCt only of force and vio¬
lence, and that men live together by no other rules but that
of beafls, where the ftrongeft carries ; and fo lay a founda¬
tion for perpetual diforder and mifehief, tumult, [edition and
rebellion ; things that the followers of that hypothefis fo
loudly cry out againft, mud of neceflity find out another
ffate of government. Locke.
No leafes fhall ever be made other than leafes for years
not exceeding thirty-one, in poffeffion, and not in reverfion
or remainder. Sivift.
1.Not I, or he, but fome one elfe.
Were I king,
J fhould cut off the nobles for their lands ;
Defire his jewels and this other s houfe. Sbakefp.
Phyficians are fome of them fo conformable to the hu¬
mour of the patient, as they prefs not the true cure of the
dileafe ; and fome other are fo regular in proceeding accord¬
ing to art, as they refpcdl not the condition of the patient.
. Bacon' EPy 31*
the difmayed matrons and maidens, fome in their houfes,
other fome in the churches with floods of tears and lament¬
able cries, poured forth their prayers to the Almighty, craving
his help in that their hard diflrefs. Knolles.
The king had all he crav’d, or could compel.
And all was done—let others judge how well. Daniel.
3. Not the one, not this, but the contrary.
There is that controling worth in goodnefs, that the will
cannot but like and defire it; and on the other fide, that
odious deformity in vice, that it never offers itfelf to the af¬
fections of mankind, but under the difguife ofthe other. South.
4. Correlative to each.
In lowlinefs of mind let each efleem other better than them¬
felves- Phil. fi. 3.
Scotland and thou did each in other live.
Nor would’ff thou her, nor could file thee furvive. Dryd.
5. Something befides.
The learning of Latin being nothing but the learning of
words, join as much other real knowledge with it as you can.
Locke on Education, f. 169.
6. The next.
Thy air,
Thou other gold bound brow, is like the firft;
A third is like the former. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
y. 1 he third pafl.
Bind my hair up : as ’twas yefterday :
. °> nor tbe t’ other day. Ben. Johnfon.
<^rTlct‘*nes ptit elliptically for other thing; fomething
I can expect no other from thofe that judge by fingle fights
andrafh meafures, than to be thought fond or indent. Glanv.
O thercates. auv_ [other and gate, for way.] In another
manner.
If fir Toby had not been in drink, he would have tickled
you othergates than he did. Sbakefp. Twelfth Night.
O'therguise. adj. [other and guife. This is often miftaken,
and fometimes written otherguefs.] Of another kind.
O'therwhere. adv. [other and where.] In other places.
As Jews they had accefs to the temple and fynagogues,
but as Chriftians they were of neceflity forced otherwhere to
affemble themfelves. Hooker, b. v. f. n.
His godlike adts, and his temptations fierce.
And former bufferings, otherwhere are found. Milton.
OTherwhile. adv. [other and vjhile.J At other times.
O'therwise. adv. [other and wife.]
1. In an indifferent manner.
They only plead, that whatfoever God revealeth, as neceffary for all Chriflian men to do and believe, the fame we
ought to embrace, whether we have received it by writing
or otherwife, which no man denieth. Hooker, b. i.
The whole church hath not tied the parts unto one and
the fame thing, they being therein left each to their own
choice, may either do as others do, or elfe other-wife, with¬
out any breach of duty at all. Hooker, b. iv. f 13.
In thefe good things, what all others fhould pradlife, we
fliould fcarce know to pradlife otherwife. Sprat.
Thy father was a worthy prince,
And merited, alas ! a better fate ;
But heaven thought otherwife. Addifon's Cato.
2. By other caufes.
Sir John Norris failed in the attempts of Lifborn, and re¬
turned with the lofs, by ficknefs and otherwife, of eight thoufand men. Raleigh.
3. In other refpedls.
It is faid truly, that the bell men otherwife, are not always
the beft in regard of fociety. Hooker, b. i.
Men feldom confider God any otherwife than in relation
to themfelves, and therefore want fome extraordinary bene¬
fits to excite their attention and engage their love. Roger.
O'tter. n.f. [ otep, Saxon.] An amphibious animal that
preys upon fifh.
The toes of the otter's hinder feet, for the better fwimming, are joined together with a membrane, as in the bevir ;
from which he differs principally in his teeth, which are canin; and in his tail, which is felin, or a long taper: fo that
he may not be unfitly called putoreus aquaticus, or the water
pole-cat. He makes himfelf burrows on the water fide, as
a bevir; is fometimes tamed and taught, by nimbly fur¬
rounding the fifhes to drive them into the net. Grew.
At the lower end of the hall is a large otter's fkin fluffed
with hay. Addifon's Spectator, NS. 115.
Would you preferve a num’rous finny race ?
Let your fierce dogs the rav’nous otter chafe ;
Th’ amphibious monfler ranges all the fhores.
Darts thro’ the waves, and ev’ry haunt explores. Gay.
OVal. adj. [ovale, Fr. ovum, an egg.] Oblong; refembling
the longitudinal fedlion of an egg.
The mouth is low and narrow, but, after having entered
pretty far in the grotto, opens itfelf on both fides in an oval
figure of an hundred yards. Addifon on Italy.
Mercurius, nearefl to the central fun.
Does in an oval orbit, circling run ;
But rarely is the objedl of our fight.
In folar glory funk. Blackmore on Croat, b. ii.
O'val. n.f.
A fynonimous word, or a mere negation of the contrary;
a tranflation of the word into another tongue, or a gramma¬
tical explication of it, is fometimes fufficient; as a triangle
is that which has three angles, or an oval is that which has
the fhape of an egg. Watts's Logick.
Ova'rigus. adj. [from ovum.] Confifling of eggs.
He to the rocks
Dire clinging gathers his ovarious food. Thomfon.
O'varv. n.f [ovaire, Fr. ovarium, Latin.] The part of the
body in which impregnation is performed.
The ovary or part where the white involveth it, is in the
fecond region of the matrix, which is fomewhat Ion* and
inverted. Brown's V. Err. 1 iii.
OvaTion. n.f. [ovation, Fr. ovatip, Lat.] A leffer triumph
among the Romans allowed to thofe commanders who had
won a vi&ory without much blood filed, or defeated fome
lefs formidable enemy. pift,
O'ubat. j r . _
Ou'bust. \n'i' A fort of caterpillar ; an infeft. DILI.
Ouch. n.f. An ornament of gold or jewels.
Ouches or fpangs, as they are of no great coff, fo they are
of moll glory. Bacon, Ejjay 38.
Ouch of a boar. The blow given by a boar’s tufk. Ainf
Oven. n.f. [open, Saxon.] An arched cavity heated with
fire to bake bread.
He loudly bray’d, that like was never heard.
And from his wide devouring oven fent
A flake of fire, that flafliing in his beard,
Him all amaz’d. fairy Jfteen.
Here’s yet in the word hereafter, the kneading, the making
O
of
O V E
of the cake, the heat of the oven, and the baking. Sbakefp.
Bats have been found in ovens and other hollow clofe
places, mattted one upon another; and therefore it is likely
that they fleep in the winter, and eat nothing. Bacon.
0'ver hath a double fignification in the names of places, ac¬
cording to the different fituations of them. If the place be
upon or near a river, it comes from the Saxon oppe, a brink
or bank : but if there is in the neighbourhood another of the
fame name, diilinguifhed by the addition of nether, then over
is from the Gothick ufar, above. Gibfon’s Camden.
OVER, prep- [lfar-> Gothick ; oppe, Saxon.]
1. Above ; with refpeCt to excellence or dignity.
How happy fome, o’er other fomc can be !
Thro’ Athens I am thought as fair as fhe. Sbakefp.
Young Pallas (hone confpicuous o’er the reft ;
Gilded his arms, embroider’d was his veft. Dryden.
High, over all, was your great conduct fhown,
You fought our fafety, but forgot your own. Dryden.
The commentary which attends this poem, will have one
advantage over mod commentaries, that it is not made upon
conjectures. Advert, to Pope’s Dunciad.
And it will afford field enough for a divine to enlarge on,
by (hewing the advantages which the Chriftian world has
over the Heathen. ^ Swift.
2. Above, with regard to rule or authority.
The church has over her bifhops, able to filence the fac¬
tious, no lefs by their preaching than by their authority. South.
Captain, yourfelf are the fitted to live and reign not over,
but next and immediately under the people. Dryden.
s. Above in place.
He was more than over (hoes in love. Sbakefp.
The ftreet (hould fee as (he walkt over head. Sbakefp.
Thrice happy is that humble pair,
Ifcmeath the level of all care ;
Over whofe heads thofe arrows fly,
Of fad diftruft and jealoufy. Waller.
4. Acrofs : as, be leaped over the brook.
Certain lakes and pits, fuch as that of Avennes poifon
birds which fly over them. Bacon’s Nat. Hiji.
The geefe fly o’er the barn, the bees in arms
Drive headlong from their waxen cells in fwarms. Dryd.
t. Through.
All the World over, thofe that received not the commands
of Chirft and his do&rines of purity and perfeverance, were
fignally deftroyed. Hammond.
6. Upon.
Wife govehnours have as great a watch over fames, as
they have of the a&ions and defigns. Bacon.
Angelic quires
Sung heav’nly anthems of his vi&ory
O’er temptation and the tempter proud. Milton.
Before. This is only ufed in over night.
On their intended journey to proceed,
And o’er night whatfo thereto did need. Hubberd.
O'ver. adv.
1. Above the top.
Give, and it (hall be given unto you ; good meafure, prefled
down and (haken together and running over, (hall men give.
Luke vi. 38.
2. More than a quantity afligned.
Even here likewife the laws of nature and reafon be of
neceflary ufe; yet fomewhat over and befides them is neceflarv, namely human and pofitive law. Hooker, b. i.
And when they had mete it, he that gathered much had
nothing over-, and he that gathered little had no lack.
Ex. xvi. 18.
The ordinary foldiers having all their pay, and a month’s
pay over-, were fent into their countries. Hayward.
The eaftern people determined their digit by the breadth
of barley corns, fix making a digit, and twenty-four a
hand’s breadth : a frnall matter over or under. Arbuthnot.
3. From fide to fide.
The fan of an Indian king, made of the feathers of a pea¬
cock’s tail, compofed into a round form, bound altogether
with a circular rim, above a foot over. Grew.
4. From one to another.
This golden clufter the herald delivereth to the Tirfan, who
delivereth it over to that fon that he had formerly chofen.
Bacon’s New Atlantis.
5. From a country beyond the fea.
It hath a white berry, but is not brought over with the
coral. Bacon s N~at. Hijlory»
They brought new cuftoms and new vices o'er;
Taught us more arts than honeft men require. Philips.
6. On the furface. .
The firft came out red all over, like an hairy garment.
, Gen. xxv. 25.
7. Paft. This is rather the fenfe of an adjeftivc.
Soliman paufing a little upon the matter, the heat of his
fury being fomething over, differed himfelf to be intreated.
Knollts’s HiJEof the Turks,
O V E
Meditate upon the effcCls of anger ; and the beft time to
do this, is to look back upon anger when the fit is over. Bacon.
What the garden choiceft bears
To fit and tafte, till this meridian heat
Be over, and the fun more cool decline. Milton.
The a£t of dealing was foon over, and cannot be undone,
and for it the finner is only anfwerable to God or his vice¬
gerent. Taylor’s Rule of Living Holy.
He will, as foon as his firft furprize is over, juftly begin
to wonder how fuch a favour came to be bellowed on him.
Atterburys Sermons.
There youths and nymphs in confort gay,
Shall hail the rifing, clofe the parting day;
With me, alas ! with me thofe joys are o'er,
For me the vernal garlands bloom no more. Pope.
8. Throughout ; completely.
Well,
Have you read o’er the letters I fent you ? Sbakefp.
Let them argue over all the topicks of divine goodnefs
and human weaknefs, yet how trifling muft be their plea !
South’s Sermons.
9. With repetition ; another time.
He o'er and o’er divides him, „
’Twixt his unkindnefs and hiskindnefs. Sbakefpeare.
Sitting or (landing dill confin’d to roar,
In the fame verfe, the fame rules o’er and o'er. Dryden.
Longing they look, and gaping at the fight,
Devour her o’er and o’er with vaft delight. Dryden.
Thou, my HeCtor, art thyfelf alone,
My parents, brothers, and my lord in one:
O kill not all my kindred o’er again, "i
Nor tempt the dangers of the dufty plain; C
But in this tow’r, for our defence, remain. Dryden. j
Whenever children forget, or do an action aukwardly,
make them do it over and over again, till they are perfeCt.
Locke on Education.
If this miracle of Chrift’s rifing from the dead, be not
fufficient to convince a refolved libertine, neither would
the rifing of one now from the dead be fufficient for that
purpofe; fince it would only be the doing that over again
which hath been done already. Atterbury.
The moft learned will never find occafion to a£t over again
what is fabled of Alexander the Great, that when he had
conquered the eaftern world, he wept for want of more
worlds to conquer. Watts.
10. Extraordinary ; in a great degree.
The word fymbol fhould not feem to be over difficult. Baker«
11. Over and above. Befides; beyond what was firft fuppofed or immediately intended.
Mofes took the redemption money of them that were over
and above. Numb. iii. 49.
He gathered a great mafs of treafure, and gained over and
above the good will and efteem of all people wherever he
came. ^ L’EJlrange.
12. Over againjl. Oppofite; regarding in front.
In Ticinum is a church with windows only from above.
It reporteth the voice thirteen times, if you (land by the clofe
end of the wall, over againjl the door. Bacon.
I vifit his picture, and place myfelf over againjl it whole
hours together. Addifon’s Spectator, N°, 241.
Over againjl this church (lands a large hofpital, ere&ed
by a (hoemaker. Addifon on Italy.
13. In compofition it has a great variety of fignifications ; it is
arbitrarily prefixed to nouns, adjectives, or other parts of
fpeech in a fenfe equivalentto more than enough; too much.
Devililh Macbeth,
By many of thefe trains hath fought to win me
Into his pow’r: and modeft wifdom plucks me
From over-credultus hade. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
St. Hierom reporteth, that he faw a fatyr; but the truth
hereof I will not rafhly impugn, or over-boldly affirm. Peach.
Thefe over-bufy fpirits, whofe labour is their only reward,
hunt a (hadow and chafe the wind. Decay of Piety.
If the ferment of the bread be vigorous, an over-fermenta¬
tion in the part, produceth a phlegmon. Wifeman.
A gangrene doth arife in phlegmons, through the unfeafonable application of over-cold medicaments. Wifeman.
Poets, like lovers, (hould be bold and dare.
They fpoil their bufinefs with an over-care:
And he who fervilely creeps after fenfe,
Is fafe, but ne’er will reach an excellence. Dryden.
Wretched man ! o'erfeeds
His cramm’d defires, with more than nature needs. Dryd,
Bending o’er the cup, the tears (he (hed,
Seem’d by the pofture to difeharge her head,
O'er-fill’d before. Dryden's Boccace.
Crude humour or phlegm, are produced by cver-digjlion.
Floyer.
As they are likely to over-flourijh their own cafe, fo their
flattery is hardeft to be difepyered: for who would imagine
18 T that
\
O V E O V E
that himfelf was guilty of putting tricks upon himfelf ?
Collier.
He has afforded us only the twilight of probability ; Rat¬
able to that Rate of mediocrity he has placed us in here ;
Wherein to check our over-confidence and preemption, we
Wight, by every day’s experience, be made feniible of our
(hortiightednefs. Locke.
This part of grammar has been much negledled, as fome
Others over-dillgently cultivated. It is eafy for men to write
•one after another, of cafes and genders. Locke.
It is an ill way of eftablifhing this truth, and filencing
r.theifis, to tal^e fome men’s having that idea of God in their
minds, for the only proof of a deity; and out of an overfondnefs ofthat darling invention, cafnier all other arguments.
Locke.
A grown perfon forfeiting with honey, no fooner hears
the name of it, but his fancy immediately carries ficknefs
and qualms to his ftomach : had this happened to him by
an over-dofe of honey, when a child, all the fame effe&s
would have followed, but the caufe would have been mis¬
taken, and the antipathy counted natural. Locke.
He over-ailed his part ; his paffions, when once let loofe,
were too impetuous to be managed. Atterbury.
Take care you over-burn not the turf; it is only to be
burnt fo as may make it break. Mortimer.
. Don't over-fatigue the fpirits, left the mind be feized with
a latitude, and thereby naufeate and grow tir’d of a parti
Cular fiibjed. , Watts.
The memory ofthe learner fhould not be too much crowded
with a tumultuous heap of ideas, one idea effaces another.
An over greedy grafp does not retain the largeft handful. Watts.
fo O'veR-abound, v. n. [over and abound.} To abound
more than enough.
Both imbibe
Fitting congenial juice, fo rich the foil,
So much does fruduous moifture o'er-abound. Philips.
The learned, never over-abounding in tranlitory coin, fhould
not be dilcontented. Pope's Letters.
To OVer-act. v. a. [over and o!£?.] To ad more than enough.
You overpaid, when you fhould underdo :
A little call yourfelf again, and think. Ben. Jobnfcn.
Princes courts may over-ail their reverence, and make
themfelves laughed at for their foolifhnefs and extravagant
relative worfliip. Stillingfeet.
Good men often blemifh the reputation of their piety, by
over-ailing fome things in religion ; by an indilcreet zeal
about things wherein religion is not concerned. Tillotfon.
To Q'ver-arch. v. a. [over and reach.] To cover, as with
an arch.
Where high Ithaca o’erlooks the floods,
Brown with o'er-arching fhades and pendent woods. Pope.
To O ver-awe. v. a. [over and awe.J To keep in awe by
foperiour influence.
The king was prefent in perfon to overlook the magiftrates,
and to over-awe thefe fubjeds with the terror of his {word.
Spenfer on Ireland.
Her graceful innocence, her every air
Of gefture, or leaft adion, over-aw'd
His malice. Milton's Par. Lof, b. ix.
I could be content to be your chief tormentor, ever pay¬
ing you mock reverence, and founding in your ears, the
empty title which infpired you with prefumption, and over¬
awed my daughter to comply. Addtfon’s Guardian.
A thoufand fears
Still over-awe when fhe appears. Granvile's Poems.
To O'ver-balance. v. a. To weigh down ; to preponderate.
Not doubting but by the weight of reafon I fhould conterpoife the over-balancings of any fadions. King Charles.
The hundred thoufand pounds per annum, wherein we
over-balance them in trade, muft be paid us in money. Locke.
When thefe important conftderations are fet before a ra¬
tional being, acknowledging the truth of every article, fhould
a bare Angle poffibility be of weight enough to over-balance
them. Rogers, Serm. xii.
Over-balance, n. f. [over and balance.J Something more
than equivalent.
Our exported commodities would, by the return, encreafe
the treafure of this kingdom above what it can ever be by
other means, than a mighty over-balance of our exported to
our imported commodities. Temple.
The mind fhould be kept in a perfed indifference, not
inclining to either fide, any further than the over-balance of
probability gives it the turn of afljent and belief. Locke.
O'ver-battle. adj. [Of this word I know not the deriva¬
tion ; batten is to grow fat, and to battle, is at Oxford to feed
on truft.] Too fruitful; exuberant.
In the church of God fometimes it cometh to pafs, as in
over-battle grounds ; the fertile difpofition whereof is good,
yet becauie it exceedeth due proportion, it bringeth abun¬
dantly through too much ranknefs, things lefs profitable.
whereby that which principally it fhould yield, being either
prevented in place or defrauded of nourifhment, faileth.
Hooker.
To O'ver-bear. v. a. [over and bear.J To reprefs ; to
fobdue ; to whelm ; to bear down.
What more favage than man, if he fee himfelf able by
fraud to over-reach, or by power to over-bear the Jaws. Hook.
My defire
All continent impediment would over-bear,
That did oppofe my will. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The ocean o’er-peering of his lift.
Eats not the flats with more impetuous hafte
Than young Laertes, in a riotous head
O'er-bears your officers. Shakefpeare.
Our counfel, it pleas’d your highnefs
To over-bear. Shakefp. King John.
Glo’fter, thou fhalt well perceive.
That nor in birth or for authority,
The bifhop will be over-borne by thee. Shakefp.
The Turkifh commanders, with all their forces, affailed
the city, thrufting their men into the breaches by heaps, as
if they would, with very multitude, have difeouraged or
over-born the Chriftians. Knolles.
The point of reputation, when news firft came of the
battle loft, did over-bear the reafon of war. Bacon.
Yet fortune, valour, all is over-born,
By numbers ; as the long refilling bank
By the impetuous torrent. Denham.
A body may as well be over-born by the violence of a
fhallow, rapid ftream, as fwallowed up in the o-ulph of
fmooth water. UEJlrange.
Crowding on the laft the firft impel;
Till over-born with weight the Cyprians fell. Dryden.
The judgment, if fwayed by the over-bearing of paffion,
and ftored with lubricous opinions inftead of clearly con¬
ceived truths, will be erroneous. Glanv. Scepf c. 27.
Take care that the memory of the learner be not too much
crowded with a tumultuous heap, or over-bearing multitude
of documents at one time. Watts.
The horror or loathfomnefs of an objeeft may over-bear
the pleafore which refolts from its greatnefs, novelty, or
beauty. Addifon’s Speiiator.
To OVer-bid. v. a. [over and bid.] To offer more than
equivalent.
You have o’er-bid all my paft fofferings,
And all my future too. f)ryd. Span. Friar.
To O'ver-blow. v. n. [over and blow.J To be paft its vio¬
lence.
To O'ver-blow. v. a. [over and blow.] To drive away as
clouds before the wind.
Led with delight, they thus beguile the way.
Until the bluftring ftorm is over-blown. Fairy Ffueen.
All thofe tempefts being over-blown, there long afterarofe
a new ftorm which over-run all Spain. Spenfer.
This ague fit of fear is over-blown,
An eafy talk it is to win our own. Shakefp. Rich. II.
Some angel that beholds her there,
Inftrudt us to record what Ihe was here ;
And when this cloud of forrow’s o’er-blowny
Thro’ the wide world we’ll make her graces known. Waller.
Seiz’d with fecret joy.
When ftorms are over-blown. Dryden’s Virg.
O'ver-board. adv. [over and board. See Board.] Off
the {hip ; out of the {hip.
The great affembly met again; and now he that was the
caufe of the tempeft being thrown over-board, there were
hopes a calm fhould enfoe. Howel
A merchant having a veffel richly fraught at fea in a ftorm^
there is but one certain way to fave it, which is, by throw¬
ing its rich lading over-board. South’s Serm.
The trembling dotard, to the deck he drew.
And hoifted up and over-board he threw;
This done, he feifed the helm. Dryden.
He obtained liberty to give them only one fong before he
leaped over-board, which he did, and then plunged into the
, L’EJIrange.
I hough great {hips were commonly bad fea-boats, they
had a foperiour force in a fea engagement: the {hock of them
being fometimes io violent, that it would throw the crew on
the upper deck of lefier fhips over-board. Arbuthnot.
10 O ver-bulk. v. a. [over and bulk.J Toopprefs by bulk.
The feeding pride,
In rank Achilles, muft or now be cropt.
Or ftiedding, breed a nurfery of like evils.
To over-bulk us all. Shakefp. Troll, and Creffida.
To O'ver-burden. v. a. [over and burthen.] To load with
too great weight.
If fhe were not cloyed with his company, and that fhe
thought not the earth over-burthened with him, flic would
cool his fiery grief. Sidney, b. ii.
To
O V E
To O ver-buy. v. a. [over and buy.] To buy too dear.
He, when want requires, is only wife, -\
Who flights not foreign aids, nor over-buys ; L
But on our native ftrength, in time of need, relies. Dryd )
To Over-carry, v. a. [over and carry.] To hurry too far;
to be urged to any thing violent or dangerous.
He was the king’s uncle, but yet of no capacity to fucceed; by reafon whereof his natural affection and duty was
lefs eafy to be over-carried by ambition. Hayward.
To O veR-cast. v. a. pait. over-caji, [over and call.]
i.To cloud ; to darken ; to cover with gloom.
As they part,
The day with clouds was fudden over-caji. Fairy Queen.
Hie, Robin, over-caji the night; ^
The ftarry welkin cover thou anon,
With drooping fogs, as black as Acheron. Shakefp.
Our days of age are fad and over-caji, in which we find that
of all our varn paffions and affedions part, the forrow only
abldeEh- , . Raleigh's Hiji. of the World.
1 or fumes and humid vapours made.
No cloud in fo ferene a manfion find,
To over-caji her ever-fhining mind. Waller.
Thofe clouds that over-caji our morn fhall fly,
Difpell’d to fartheft corners of the fky. Dryder..
The dawn is over-caji, the morning lours,
And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addifon.
'2f* cover. This feme is hardly retained but by needle-wo¬
men, who call that which is incircled with a thread, ov'ercaji.
When malice would work that which is evil, and in work¬
ing avoid the fufpicion of an evil intent, the colour where¬
with it over-cajietb itfelf is always a fair and plaufible pre¬
tence of feeking to further that which is good. Hooker.
Their arms abroad with gray mofs over-caji,
And their green leaves trembling with every blaft. Spenfer.
3. To rate too high in computation. J
The king in his accompt of peace and calms, did much
over-caji his fortunes, which proved full of broken feas,
tides, and tempefts. Bacon's Henry VII.
To 0/ver.-charge, v. a. [overand charge.J
1. To opprefs ; to cloy; to furcharge.
On aii we feed in every inftant, and on meats but at times •
and yet the heavy load of abundance, wherewith we opprefs
and over-charge nature, maketh her to fink unawares in the
•mid-Way. Raleigh's Hiji. of the World.
A man may as well expert to grow ftronger by always
eating, as wil’er by always reading. Too much over-charges
nature; and turns more into difeafe than nourifhment. Collier.
2. To load ; to crowd too much.
Our language is over-charged with confonants. p0be
3. To burthen. r
He whifpers to his pillow,
The fecrets of his over-charged foul. Shakefb.
4. To rate too high.
Here’s Glo’fter, a foe to citizens,
O'er-charging your free purfes with large fines. Shakefp.
5. 1 o fill too full. »
Her heart is but o'er-charg'd; fhe will recover. Shakefb.
The fumes of paffion do as really intoxicate, and con¬
found the judging and difeerning faculty, as the fumes of
drink difeompofe and ffupify the brain of a man over-charged
ij South's Sermons.
If they would make diftindt abftraft ideas of all the va¬
rieties in human actions, the number mult be infinite, and
the memory over-charged to little purpofe. Locke
The adtion of the Iliad and JEneid in themfelves exceeding
lhort, are fo beautifully extended by the invention of epifodest
that they make up an agreeable ftory fufficient to employ the
memory without over-charging it. Addifon's Spectator.
o. 1 o load with too great a charge.
They were
As canons over-charg’d with double cracks. Shakefb
Who in deep mines, for hidden knowledge toils.
Tike guns o'er-charg'd, breaks, miffes, or recoils. Denham.
To Over-cloud. */. [over and cloud.] To cover with
clouds.
The filver emprefs of the night
0 er-clouded, glimmers in a fainter light. Tickel
To O'VER-CJ.OY v. a. [over and c/oy.] To fill beyond fatiety. ‘
A leum ot iiritons and bafe lackey peafants 1
Whom their o’er-cloyed country vomits forth *
To defperate adventures and deftruction. cy /. a
To Overcome, v. a. pret. I overcame; part. paff. overcome'-
anciently overcomen, as in Spenfer. [overcomen, Dutch.]
2.To fubdue ; to conquer ; to vanquilli.
They overcornmen, were deprived
Of their proud beauty, and the one moiety
T ransformed to filh, for their bold furquedry, Spenfer.
This wretched woman, overcome
Of anguilh rather than of crime hath been. Spenfer.
O V E
. Of wbom a man overcome, of the fame is he brought
in bondage. 2 pgt ~ »
Fire by thicker air o’ercome, * * 9-
And downward forc’d in earth’s capacious womb,
Alters its particles ; is fire no more. Prior
2. To over-flow; to furcharge.
Th’ unfallow’d glebe
Yearly o'ercomes the granaries with {lores. Philips.
3. To come over or upon ; to invade fuddenly. Not in ufc.
Can’t fuch things be,
And overcome us like a himmer’s cloud,
Without oilr fpecial wonder ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
i o O vercome. v. n. To gain the fuperiority.
That thou mighteft be juftified in thy fayings, and mighteft
overcome when thou art judged. Rom. iii. 4.
vercomer. n. f. [from the verb.] He who overcomes,
o ver-count. v. a. [over and count.] To rate above
the true value.
Thou know’ft how much
We do o’er-count thee. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
°U ver-cover. v. a. [over and cover.] To cover compleatly.
bhut me nightly in a charnel houfe,
\\r\C°Ver ^ clu*te with dead mens rattling bones,
With reeky fhanks and yellow chaplefs fkulls. Shakefp.
o ver-crow. v. a. [over and crow.] To crow as in tri¬
umph. J
A bafe varlet, that being but of late grown out of the
Un,2 *, 1 egiuncth now to over-crow fo high mountains, and
make h.mfelf the great protector of all out"-laws. Spen ‘er.
To O verdo. © a [over and do.] To do more than enough.
Any thing fo over-done is from the purpofe of playiiw ;
whofe end is to hold the mirrour up to nature. Shakejb.
Nature fo intent upon finifhing her work, much oftner
over oes than under-does. \ou {hall hear of twenty animals with two heads, for one that hath none. Grew
When the meat is over-done, lay the fault upon your lady
who burned you.
I o O ver-dRess. *. [over and drefs.] To adorn lavifhly.
in all, Jet nature never be forgot;
But treat the goddefs like a modeft fair.
Nor over-drefs, nor leave her wholly bare. P0pe
To OWer-drive. ©. *. [over and drive.] To drive too hard!
or beyond ftrength.
The flocks and herds with young, if men fhould over-drive
one day, all will die. Gen. xxxiii. 13.
i o (J ver-eye. v. a. [over and eye.]
1. To fuperintend.
2. To obferve ; to remark.
I am doubtful of your modefties,
Left over eying of his odd behaviour.
You break into fome merry paffion. Shakefb.
1 o Over-empty, v. a. [over and empty.] To make too
empty.
„ women would be loth to come behind the fafhion
in new-fanglednefs of the manner, if not in coftlinefs of the.
matter, which might over-empty their hufbands purfes. Carew.
Overfal. n.f. [over and fall.] Cataradti
Toftatus addeth, that thofe which dwell near thofe falls of
water, are deaf from their infancy, like thofe that dwell near
thleoverfals of Nilus. Raleigh’s Hiji. of the World.
1 o Over-float, v. n. [over andfloat.] To fwim; to float.
T. he town is fill’d with daughter, and o'er-floats
With a red deluge, their increafing moats. Dryden.
To Over-flow. v. n. [over andflow.]
1. 1 o be fuller than the brim can hold.
While our ftrong walls fecure us from the foe.
E’er yet with blood our ditches over-flow. Dryden.
Had I the fame confcioufnefs that 1 faw Noah’s flood, as
that I faw the over-flowing of the Thames laft winter, I
could not doubt, that I who faw the Thames overflowed, and
viewed the flood at the general deluge, was the fame felf. Locke.
2. To exuberate.
A very ungrateful return to tne author of all we enjoy,
but fuch as an over-flowing plenty too much inclines men to
make. . Rogers, Sermon 2.
I o U ver-flow. v. a.
1. To fill beyond the brim.
Suppofe thyfelf in as great a fadnefs as ever did load thy
fpirit, wouldft thou not bear it chearfully if thou Wert Jure
that fome excellent fortune would relieve and recompenfe
thee fo as to over-flow all thy hopes. Taylor.
New milk that all the winter never fails.
And all the fummer over-flows the pails. Dryden.
2. 1 o deluge ; to drown ; to over-run; to over-power.
„ Th,e Scythians, at fuch time as the northern nations overflowed all Chnftendom, came down to the fea-coaft Spenfer
Clamus overflow'd th’ unhappy coaft. Dryden.
Do not the Nile and the Niger make yearly inundations
in our ays, as t ey have formerly done ? and are not the
countries
5
O V E
Countries fo overflown, ftill fituate between the tropicks ?
Sixteen hundred and odd years after the earth was made,
it was over-flowed and deftroyed in a deluge o waei, a
overfpread the face of the whole earth, from pole to pole,
and from eaft to weft. urne '
Thus oft by mariners are fhewn,
Earl Godwin’s caftles overflown. .
O'ver-flow. n.f. [over zndflow.] Inundation; more than
fulnefs ; fuch a quantity as runs over; exuberance.
Did he break out into tears ?
In great meafufc— , „ „> ,
w_A kind over-flow of kmdnefs. Shakefpeart.
Where there are great over-flows in fens, the drowning ot
them in winter maketh the fummer following more fruitful;
for that it keepeth the ground warm. Bacon s Nat. Hfl.
It requires pains to find the coherence of abftrufe writbias : fo that it is not to be wondered, that St. Paul s
eptftles have, with many, pafted rather for disjointed pious
difeourfes, full of warmth and zeal and over-flows of light,
rather than for calm, ftrong, coherentreafonings all through.
Locke's Eflf. on at. Paul s Epfl.
After every over-flow of the Nile, there was not always a
menfuration. , ^rbuthnot on Coins.
If this foftens not the expreffion, it may be afenbed to
an over-flow of gratitude in the general difpofition of Ulyffes.
Broome’s Notes on the Oclyfley.
O'VER-fLOWING. n.f. [from overflow.] Exuberance ; copioufnefs.
When men are young, they might vent the overflowings
of their fancy that way. Denham s Dedicat.
When the overflowings of ungodlinefs make us afraid,
the minifters of religion cannot better difeharge their duty
of oppofing it. Rogersy Serm. IJ.
O'v er-flowingly, adv. [from overflowing.] Exuberantly ;
in great abundance. A word not elegant nor in ufe.
Nor was it his indigence that forced him to make the
world ; but his goodnefs preffed him to impart the goods
which he fo overflowingly abounds with. . Boyle.
To O'ver-fly. v. a. [over and fly.] To crofs by flight.
A failing kite
Can fcarce o’erfly them in a day and night. Dryden.
O'ver-forwardness. n. f. [over and forwardnefs.] Too
great quicknefs ; too great readinefs.
By an over-fortvardnefs in courts to give countenance to fri¬
volous exceptions, though they make nothing to the true
merit of the caufe, it often happens that caufes are not de¬
termined according to their merits. Hale.
To O ver-freight, v. a. pret. over-freighted; part, overfraught. [over and freight.] To load too heavily ; to fill with
too great quantity. ' ^
A boat over-freighted with people, in rowing down the
river, was, by the extreme weather, funk. Carew.
Grief, that does not fpeak,
Whifpers the o’er-fraught heart and bids it break. Shahefp.
Sorrow has fo o’er-fraught
This finking barque, I fhall not live to fhew
How I abhor my firft rafh crime. Denham.
To O'ver-get. v. a. [over and get.] To reach; to come
up with.
With fix hours hard riding, through fo wild places, as it
was rather the cunning of my horfe fometimes, than of myfelf, fo rightly to hit the way, I over-got them a little before
night. Sidney, h. ii.
To O'ver-gLance. v. a. [over and glance.] To look haftily
over.
I have, but with a curfory eye,
O’er-glanc’d the articles. Shakefp. Hen. V.
O ver-go. v. a. [over and^.] To furpafs ; to excel.
Thinking it beyond the degree of humanity to have a wit
fo far over-going his age, and fuch dreadful terror proceed
from fo excellent beauty. Sidney.
Great nature hath laid down at laft.
That mighty birth wherewith fo long fhe went.
And over-went the times of ages paft.
Here to lye in upon our foft content. Daniel.
To Over-gorge, v. a. [over and gorge.] To gorge too
much.
Art thou grown great.
And, like ambitious Sylla, over-gorg’d. Shakefp.
Over-great, adj. [over and great.] Too great.
Though putting the mind unprepared upon an unfual
ftrefs ought to be avoided ; yet this muft not run it, by an
over-great fhynefs of difficulties, into a lazy fauntring about
obvious thines. Locke.
To U vergrow. v. a. [over and grow:]
I. To cover with growth.
Roof and floor, and walls were all of gold.
But over-grown with duft and old decay.
And hid in darknefs that none could behold
The hue thereof. Fairy Queen, b. ii.
O V E
The Woods and defart caves, ^
With wild thyme and the gadding vine o’er'grown.
And all their echo’s mourn. Milton.
2. To rife above. , .
If the binds be very ftrong and much over-grown the poles,
fome advife to ftrike off their heack with a long fwitch. Mort.
To O'ver-grow. v. n. To grow beyond the fit or natural
One part of his army, with incredible labour, cut a way
thorouah the thick and over-grown woods, and fo came to
Solyman. Giles’s Hifl. of the Turks.
A hu*e over-grown ox was grazing in a meadow. L Eft.
Him for a happy man I own,
Whofe fortune is not over-grown. Swift.
O'ver-crowth. n.f [over and growth.] Exuberant growth.
The over-growth of fome complexion.
Oft breaking down the pales and forts of reafon. Shakefp.
The fortune in being the firft in an invention, doth caufe
fometimes a wonderful over-growth in riches. Bacon.
Sufpe&ed to a fequent king, who feeks
To flop their over-growth, as in-mate guefts
Too numerous. Milton’s Paradife Loft, b. xii.
To Over-hale. v. a. [over and hale.]
1. To fpread over.
The welked Phoebus gan availe
His weary wain, and now the frofty night
Her mantle black thro’ heaven gan over-hale> Spenfl
2. To examine over again : as, he over-haled my account.
To O'ver-hang. v. a. [over and bang.] To jut over; to
impend over.
Lend the eye a terrible afpe<ft,
Let the brow overwhelm it,
As fearfully as doth a galled rock
O'er-hang and jutty his confounded bafe. Shakefp.
Hide me ye forefts, in your clofeft bow’rs,
Where flows the murm’ring brook, inviting dreams.
Where bord’ring hazle over-hangs the ftreams. Gaft
If you drink tea upon a promontory that over-hangs the’
fea, it is preferable to an affembly. Pope.
To OVer-hang. v. n. To jut over.
The reft was craggy cliff, that over-hung
Still as it rofe, impoffible to climb. Milt. P. Loft.
To O'ver-harden. v. a. [over and harden.] To make too
hard.
By laying it in the air, it has acquired fuch a hardnefs,
that it was brittle like over-hardened fteel. Boyle.
Over-head. adv. [over and head.] Aloft; in the zenith;
above ; in the deling:
Over-head the moon
Sits arbitrefs, and nearer to the earth
Wheels her pale courfe. Milton’s Par. Loft, l. i:
The four ftars over-head, reprefent the four children. Addif.
To O'ver-hear. v. a. [over and hear.] To hear thofe who
do not mean to be heard.
I am invifible.
And I will over-hear their conference. Sloakefpeare.
They had a full fight of the Infanta at a mafk dancing,
having over-heard two gentlemen who were tending towards
that fight, after whom they preffed. Wotton.
That fuch an enemy we have who feeks
Our ruin, both by thee inform’d I learn.
And from the parting angel over-heard. Milton.
They were fo loud in their difeourfe, that a black-berry
from the next hedge over-heard them. L’Eftrange.
The nurfe.
Though not the words, the murmurs over-heard. Dryden.
The witnefs over-hearing the word pillory repeated, flunk
away privately. Addifon.
To O'ver-heat. v. a. [over and heat.] To heat too much.
Pleas’d with the form and coolnefs of the place,
And over-heated by the morning chace. Addifon.
It muft be done upon the receipt of the wound, before
the patient’s fpirits be over-heated with pain or fever. Wifeman:
To O'ver-hend. v. a. [over and bend.] To overtake ; to
reach.
Als his fair Leman flying through a brook.
He over-hent nought moved with her piteous look. Spenf.
To O'ver-joy. v. a. [over and joy.] Totranfport; to ravifh.
He that puts his confidence in God only, is neither over¬
joyed in any great good things of this life, nor forrowful for
a little thing. Taylor’s Guide to Devotion.
The bifhop, partly aftoniftied and partly over-joyed with
thefe fpeeches, was ftruck into a fad filence for a time. Hayw.
This love-fick virgin, over-joy’d to find
The boy alone ; ftill follow’d him behind. Addifon.
O'ver-joy. n.f. Tranfport; eeftafy.
The mutual conf’rence that my mind hath had.
Makes me the bolder to falute my king
With ruder terms ; fuch as my wit affords,
And over-joy of heart doth minifter. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
To O'ver-kifen. v, a. [over and ripen.] To make too ripe.
Why
O V E O V E
Why droops my lord, like oversripen’d corn.
Hanging; the head with Ceres’ plenteous load ? Sloakefp.
To Overla'bouR. v. a. [over and labour.] To take too
much pains on any thing j. to harrafs with toil.
She without noife will over-fee
His children and his family ;
And order all things till he come.
Sweaty and over-labour'd home. Dryden.
To Overla'de. v. a. [over and lade.] To over-burthen.
Tims to throng and over-lade a loul
With love, and then to have a room for fear.
That fhall all that controul.
What is it but to rear
Our paffions and our hopes on high,
That thence they may delcry
The nobleft way how to defpair and die ? Suckling.
Overla'rge. adj. [over and large.J Larger than enough.
Our attainments cannot be over-large, and yet we ma¬
nage a narrow fortune very unthriftily. ~ Collier.
OverlaShingly. n.f. [over and lajh.] /With exaggeration.
A mean word, now obtoicte.
Although I be far from their opinion who write too overfaflnngly, that the Arabiah tongue is in ufe in two third parts
ot the inhabited world, yet I find that it extendeth where the
religion of Mahomet is profefled. BrereWood.
To Overla y. v. a. [over and lay.]
I.To opprefs by too much weight or power.
Some commons are barren, the nature is fuch.
And fome over-layeth the commons too much. T'iff.
Not only that mercy which keepeth from being over-laid
and opprefi, but mercy which laveth from being touched
with grievous miferies.
w Hooker — ,f *• v- J/ 481 .
When any country is over-laid by the multitude which
live upon it, there is a natural necellity compelling it to difburthen itfelf and lay the load upon others. Raleigh.
We praife the things we hear with much more willingnefs
than thofe we fee ; becaufe we envy the prefent, and reve¬
rence the part; thinking ourfelves inftrucled by the one, and
ever-laid by the other. Ben. Johnfon.
Good laws had been antiquated by the courfe of time, or
over-laid by the corruption of manners. King Charles.
Our fins have over-laid, our hopes. King Charles.
The ftrong Emetrius came in Arcfte’s aid.
And Palamon with odds was over-laid. Dryden.
2. To (mother with too much or too clofe covering.
Nor then deftroys it with too fond a ftay.
Like mothers, which their infants om--/«y. Milton.
3. To fmother ; to criilh ; to overwhelm.
Ships burnt in fight, or forc’d on rocky fhores.
The new-born babes by nurfes over-laid. Dryden.
They quickly ftifled and over-laid thofe infant principles,
of piety and virtue, fown by God in their hearts; fo that
they brought a voluntary darknefs and flupidity upon their
minds. South's Sermons.
The gods have made your noble mind for me,
And her infipid foul for Ptolemy:
A heavy lump of earth without defire,
A heap of allies that o'er-lays your fire. Dryden.
The ftars, no longer over-laid with weight.
Exert their heads from underneath the mafs,
And upward fhoot. Dryden.
Seafon the paffions of a child with devotion, which feldom
dies y though it may feem extinguifhed for a while, it breaks
out as foon as misfortunes have brought the man to himfelf.
The fire may be covered and over-laid, but cannot be entirely
quenched and fmothered. AddiJ'on's Spectator, N°. 2GI.
In preaching, no men fucceed better than thofe who truft
to the fund of their own reafon, advanced but not over-laid
by commerce with books. Swift.
4. To cloud; to over-caft.
Phoebus’ golden face it did attaint.
As when a cloud his beams doth over-lay. Fairy Kfuecn.
5. To cover fuperficially.
The over-laying of their chapiters was of filver, and all
the pillars were filleted with filver. Ex. xxxviii. 17.
By his prefeript a faneftuary is fram’d
Of cedar, over-laid with gold. Milt. Par. Loft.
6. To join by fomething laid over.
Thou us impower’d
To fortify thus far, and over-layy
With this portentous bridge, the dark abyfs. Milton.
To Overleap, v. a. [ over and leap. ] To pafs by a
jump
A ftep
On which I mull fall down or elfe o'er-leap,
For in my way it liesj Shakefp. Macbeth.
In vain did nature’s wife command
Divide the waters from the land ;
If daring fhips and men prophane,
Th’ eternal fences over-leap.
And pals at will the boundlefs deep. Drydeni
Overleather, n.f. [over and leather.] The part of the
fhlie that covers the foot.
I have fometimes more feet than fhoes ; or fuch (hoes
as my toes look through the over-leather. Shakefp.
Overlight. n.f. [over and light.] Too ftrong light.
An over-light maketh the eyes dark, infomuch as perpe¬
tual looking againft the fun would caufe blindnefs. Bacon.
To Overli've. v. a. [over and live.] To live longer than
another ; to furvive ; to out-live.
Mufulorus, who (hewed a mind not to over-live Pyrbcles,
prevailed. Sidney, b. ii.
He concludes in hearty prayers.
That your attempts may over-live the hazard
And fearful meeting of their oppofite. Shakefp.
They over-lived that envy, and had their pardons after-
. wards. Hayward.
To OverIi've. v. n. To live too long.
Why do I over-live ?
Why am I mock’d with death, and lengthen’d, out
To deathlefs pain ? Milton s Par. Lojl, b. x.
Overli'ver. n.f [from over-live.] Survivor; that which
lives longeft.
A peace was concluded, to continue for both the kings lives,
and the over-liver of them. Bacon's Hen. VII.
ToOverlo'ad. v. a. [over and load.] To burthen with tpo
much.
The memory of youth is charged and over-loaded, and all
they learn is meerjargon. ‘ Felton.
OVerlong. adj. [over and long.] Too long.
I have tranlgreffed the laws of oratory, in making my
periods and parenthefes over-long. Boyle.
To Overlo'ok. v. a. [over and look.]
1. To view from a higher place.
The pile o'er-look'd the town, and drew the fight.
Surpris’d at once with rev’rence and delight. Dryden.
I will do it with the fame refpeCt to him, as if he were
alive, and over-looking my paper while I write. Dryden.
2. To view fully ; to perufe.
Wou’d I had o'er-look'd the letter. Shakefpeare.
3. To fuperintend , to over-fee;
He was prefent in perfon to over-look the magiftrates, and
to over-awe thofe fubjeCts with the terror of his (word. Spenf.
In the greater out parilhes many of the poor parilhioners'
throtigh negleCt do perifh, for want of fome heedful eye to
over-look them. Graunt.
4. To review.
The time and care that are required,
over-look and file, and polifh well,
fright poets,from that neceffary toil. Rofcommon.
5. To pafs by indulgently.
This part of good-nature which confifts in the pardoning
and over-looking of faults, is to be exercifed only in doing
ourfelves juftice in the ordinary commerce of life. Addifon.
In vain do we hope that God will over-look fuch high con¬
tradiction of finners, and pardon offences committed againft
the plain convictions of cbnfcience. Rogers.
6. Tonegleftj to flight.
Of the two relations, Chrift over-looked the meaner, and en¬
titled and denominated them lolely from the more honourable.
South's Sermons.
To over-lodk the entertainment before him, and languifh
for that which lies out of the way, is fickly and fervile. Collier.
The fuffrage of our poet laureat fhould not be over-looked;
Addifon s Spectator, N°. 488.
Religious fear, when produced by juft apprehenfions of
a divine power, naturally over-looks all human greatnefs
that ftands in competition with it, and extinguifhes every
other terror. Addifon's Guardian, NJ. 117.
The happieft of mankind, over-looking thofe folid bleffings
which they already have, let their hearts upon fomewhat they
want. Atterbury's Sermons.
They over-look truth in the judgments they pafs on adverlity and profperity. The temptations that attend the
former they can ealily fee, and dread at a diftance; but
they have no apprehehfions of the dangerous confequences
of the latter. Atterbury's Sermons;
O'verlookEr. n.f. [over and look.]
The original word fignifies an over-looker, or one who
ftands higher than his fellows and over-looks them. Watts.
O'verloop. n.f The fame with orlop.
In extremity we carry our ordnance better than we were
wont, becaufe our’nether over-loops are raifed commonly from
the water, to wit, between the lower part of the port and
the fea. Raleigh.
Overmasted, adj. [over and majl.] Having too much maft.
Cloanthus better mann’d, purlu’d him faft,
But his o'er-majled gaily check’d his hafte. Dryden.
To Overmaster, v. a. [over and majler.J To fubdue j
to govern
For your defire to know what is between us,
O'sr-ma/ier it as you may. Shakefpeare s Hamlet.
18 U <0
O V E
So fleeps a pilot, whofe poor bark is preft
With many a mercilefs o'er-mafl'ring wave. Crafhaw.
Over-maftercd with a fcore of drunkards, the only foldiery
left about them, or elfe to comply with all rapines and vio¬
lences. Milton on Education.
To Overmatch, v. a. [over and match.] To be too power¬
ful ; to conquer; to opprefs by luperior force.
I have feen a fwan
With bootlefs labour fwim againft the tide.
And fpend her ftrength with over-matching waves. Shakefp.
Sir William Lucy, with-me
Set from our o'cr-match'd forces forth for aid. Shakejp.
Affift, left I who erft
Thought none my equal, now be over-match'd. Par. Reg.
How great foever our curiofity be, our excels is greater,
and does not. only over-match, but fupplant it. Dec. of Piety.
He from that length of time dire omens drew,
Of Englifh over-match'd, and Dutch too ftrong,
Who never fought three days but to purfue. Dryden.
It moves our wonder, that a foreign gueft
Should over-match the moft, and match the beft. Dryden.
Overma'tch. n.f. [over and match.] One of fuperior powers;
one not to be overcome.
Spain is no over-match for England, by that which leadeth
all men ; that is, experience and reafon. Bacon.
Eve was his over-match, who felf-deceiv’d
And rafh, before-hand had no better weigh’d
The ftrength he was to cope with or his own. Milton.
In a little time there will l'carce be a woman of quality in
Great-Britain, who would not be an over-match for an Irifh
prieft. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 89.
Over-me'asure. n.f. [over and meafure.] Something given
over the due meafure.
To Over-mi'x. v. a. [over and mix.] To mix with too
much.
Thofe things thefe parts o’er-rule, no joys ftiall know.
Or little pleafure over-mixt with woe. Creech.
Overmo st. adj. [over and moft.] Higheft ; over the reft in
authority. • Airf
Overmu'ch. adj. [over and much.] Too much ; more than
enough.
It was the cuftom of thofe former ages, in their over-much
gratitude, to advance the firft authors of any ufeful diicovery
among the number oftheir gods. . Wilkins.
An over-much ufe of fait, befides that it occafions thirft
and over-tnuch drinking, has other ill effects. Locke•
Overmu'ch. adv. In too great a degree.
T he fault which we find in them is, that they over-much
abridge the church of her power in thefe things. Where¬
upon they re-charge us, as if in thefe things we gave the
church a liberty which hath no limits or bounds. Hooker.
Perhaps
I alfo erred, in over-much admiring
What feem’d in thee fo perfedt, that I thought
No evil durft attempt thee. Milton's Par. Loft, h. ix.
Deject not then fo over-much thyfelf,
Who haft of forrow thy full load befides, Milton.
Overmu'ch. n.f. More than enough.
By attributing over-much to things
Lefs excellent, as thou thyfelf perceiv’ft. Milton.
With refpedt to the bleffings the world enjoys, even good
men may aferibe over-much to themfelves. Grew.
Overmuchness, n.f. [from over-much.] Exuberance; fuperabundance.
There are words that do as much raife a ftile, as others
can deprefs it; fuperlation and over-muchnefs amplifies. It
may be above faith, but not above a mean. Ben. Johnfon.
Overnight, n.f. [over and night. This feems'to be ufed
by Shakefpeare as a noun, but by Acldifon more properly, as
I have before placed it, as a noun with a prepofition.j Night
before bed-time.
If 1 had given you this at over-night,
She might have been o’erta’en. Shakefpeare.
Will confefles, that for half his life his head ached every
morning with reading men over-night. Addifon.
To Overna'me. v. a. [over and name.] To name in a feries.
Over-name them; and as thou nameft them I will deferibe
them. - Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
To Overo'ffice. v. a. [over and office.] To lord by virtue
of an office.
This might be the fate of a politician which this afs overoffices. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Cveroffi'cious. adj. [over and officious.] Too bufy ; too
importunate.
I his is an over-officious truth, and is always at a man’s
heels ; fo that it he looks about him, he mult take notice of
lt- ^ Collier on Human Reafon.
lo Overpass, v. a. [over andpafs.]
1.To crofs.
I flood on a wide river’s bank,
Which I muft needs o'er-pajsy
%
O V E
When on a fudden Torrifmond appear d.
Gave me his hand, and led me lightly o’er. Dryden.
What have my Scyllas and my SyrteS done,
When thefe they o'er-pafy and thofe they fhun ? Dryden.
2. To over-look ; to pafs with difregard.
The complaint about pfalrns and hymns might as well be
over-paft without any anfwer, as it is without any caufe
brought forth. Hooker, h. v. f. 37.
Remember that Pellean conqueror,
A youth, how all the beauties of the eaft
He flightly view’d, and {lightly over-pafs'd. Milton.
3. To omit in a reckoning.
Arithmetical progreffion .demonftrates how faft mankind
would increafe, over-paffing as miraculous, though indeed na¬
tural, that example of the Ifraelites who were multiplied in
two hundred and fifteen years, from feventy to fixty thoufand
able men. Raleigh.
4. To omit ; not to receive.
If the grace of him which faveth over-pafs feme, fo that
the prayer of the church for them be not received, this we
may leave to the hidden judgments of righteoufnefs. Hoofer.
Overpa'st. part. adj. [from over-pafs.] Gone; paft.
What canft thou fwear by now l—
—By time to come,—
That thou haft wronged in the time o'er-paft. Shakefp.
To OveRPAA.v.afover and pay.] To reward beyond the price.
Take this purfe of gold.
And let me buy your friendly help thus far,
Which I will over-pay, and pay again.
When I have found it. Shakefpeare.
You have yourfelf, your kindnefs over-paid,
He ceafes to oblige who can upbraid. Dryden.
Wilt thou with pleafure hear thy lover’s Trains,
And with one heav’nly fmile o'er-pay his pains. Prior.
To Overpe'rch. n.f. [over and perch.] To fly over.
With love’s light wings did I o’er-perch thefe walls.
For ftony limits cannot hold love out. Shakefp.
To Overpe'er. v. a. [over and peer.] To over-look; to
hover above. It is now out of ufe.
The ocean over-peering of his lift.
Eats not the flats with more impetuous hafte.
Than young Laertes, in a riotous head,
O’er-bears your officers. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Your Argofies with portly fail,
Do over-peer the petty traffickers.
That curt’fy to them, do them reverence. Shakefp.
Mountainous error wou’d be too highly heapt,
For truth to o'er-peer. Shakejp. Coriolanus.
Thus yields the cedar to the ax’s edge,
Whofe top branch o'er-peer'cl Jove’s fpreading tree.
And kept low fhrubs from winter’s pow’rful wind. Shakefp.
They are invincible by reafon of the over-peering moun¬
tains that back the one, and flender fortifications of the other
to land-ward. Sandys's Journey.
Overplus, n. f [over and plus.] Surplus ; what remains
more than fuflicient.
Some other finners there are, from which that overplus of
ftrength in perfuafion doth arife. Hooker's Pref.
A great deal too much of it was made, and the overplus
remained ftill in the mortar. L'Eftrange.
It would look like a fable to report, that this gentleman
gives away all which is the overplus of a great fortune. Addif
To O'verply. v. a. [over and ply.] To employ too laborioufly.
What fupports me, doft thou afk ?
The confcience, friend, t’ have loft them over-ply d.
In liberty’s defence. Milton's Poems.
To Overpo'ise. v. a. [over and poife.] To outweiph.
Whether cripples who have loft their thighs will flout;
their lungs being able to waft up their bodies, which are in
others over-poifed by the hinder legs ; we have not made ex¬
periment. Brown's Vulgar Err. b. iv.
The fcale
O'er-pois'd by darknefs, lets the night prevail;
And day, that lengthen’d in the fummer’s height,
Shortens till winter, and is loft in night. ° Creech.
Overpo'ise. n.f. [from the verb.] Preponderant weight.
Horace, in his firft and fecond book of odes, was ftill ri¬
ling, but came not to his meridian till the third. After
which his judgment was an over-poife to his imagination.
He grew too cautious to be bold enough, for he delcended
in his fourth by flow degrees. Dryden.
Some over-poife of fway, by turns they {hare.
In peace the people, and the prince in war. Dryden.
1 o Overpo'wer. v. a. [over and power.] To be predo¬
minant over ; to opprefs by fuperiority.
Now in danger try’d, now known in arms
Not to be over-power’d. AdiIt. Par. Lift.
As much light over-powers the eye, fo they who have weak
eyes, when the ground is covered with lnow, are wont to
complain of too much light. Boyle.
Reafon allows none to be confident, but him only who
gov Li ns
O V E O V E
I.
governs the world, wko knows all things, and can do all
thino-s ; and therefoie can neither be furprifed nor over-powered.
& * South's Sermons.
After the death of CrafTus, Pompey found himfelf out¬
witted by Caefarj he broke with him, over-powered him in
-v,. rpnafe, and caufed many unjuft decrees to pafs againft
^ Drydens Dedicat. to Mneid.
Infpiration is, when fuch an over-powering impreflion of
any proportion is made upon the mind by God himfelf, that
aives a convincing and indubitable evidence of the truth and
divinity of it. Watts's Logick.
The hiftorian makes thefe mountains the ftandards of the
rife of the water; which they could never have been, had
they not been Handing, when it did fo rife and over-power
the earth, Woodw. Nat. Hiji.
To OverpRe'ss. v. a. [over and prefs.] To bear upon with
irrefiftible force ; to overwhelm ; to crufh.
Having an excellent horfe under him, when he was overprejjed by fome, he avoided them. Sidney.
Michael’s arm main promontories Hung,
And over-prejs'd whole legions weak with fin. Rofcomm.
When a prince enters on a war, he ought maturely to
confider whether his coffers be full, his people rich by a
long peace and free trade, not over-preJJ'ed with many burthenfome taxes. Swift.
To Overprice, v. a. [over and prize.] To value at too
high price!
Parents over-prize their children, while they behold them
through the vapours of affection. Wotton.
OvERRA'NK. n.f. [over and rank.] Too rank.
It produces over-rank binds. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
OvERRa'te. v. a. [over and rate.] To rate at too much.
While vain (hows and feenes you over-rate,
’Tis to be fear’d,-
That as a fire the former honfe o’erthrew.
Machines and tempefts will deftroy the new. Dryden.
To avoid the temptations of poverty, it concerns us not
to over-rate the conveniences of our ftation, and in eftimating the proportion fit for us, to fix it rather too low than too
hi<&h ; for our defires will be proportioned to our wants,
real or imaginary, and our temptations to our defires.
Rogers.
To Overre'ach. v. a. [over and reach.]
To rife above.
The mountains of Olympus, Atho and Atlas, over-reach
and furmount all winds and clouds. Raleigh.'
Sixteen hundred years after the earth was made, it was
overflowed in a deluge of water in fuch excefs, that the flood's
over-reached the tops of the higheft mountains. Burnet.
2 To deceive ; to go beyond ; to circumvent. A fagacious
* man is laid to have a long reach.
What more cruel than man, if he fee himfelf able by
fraud to over-reach, or by power to over-bear the laws whereunto he fhould be iubjedt. Hooker, h. v. /. 2.
I have laid my brain in the fun and dried it, that it wants
matter to prevent fo grofs over-reaching. Shakefp.
Shame to be overcome, or over-reach'd.
Would utmoft vigour raile, and rais'd unite. Milton.
A man who had been matchlefs held
In cunning, over-reach'd where leaf! he thought.
To fave his credit, and for very fpight
Still will be tempting him who foils him Hill. Miltoni
There is no pleafanter encounter than a trial of fkill be¬
twixt (harpers to over-reach one another. L EJlrange.
Forbidding oppreflion, defrauding and over-reaching one
another, perfidioufnefs and treachery. Tillotfon.
Such a principle is ambition, or a defire of fame, by which
many vicious men are over-reached, and engaged contrary to
their natural inclinations in a glorious and laudable courle of
action. AddiJ'on's Spectator, N°. 255.
John had got an impreflion that Lewis was fo deadly cunnin<r a man, that he was afraid to venture himfelf alone with
him ; at laft he took heart of grace ; let him come up, quoth
lie, it is but flicking to my point, and he can never over¬
reach me. _ Hijlory of J. Bull.
To Overre'ach. v. n. A horfe is faid to over-reach, when
he brings his hinder feet too far forwards, and flrikes his
toes againft his fore fhoes. Farr. Dift.
OveRRE ACHER. [from over-reach.] A cheat; a de¬
ceiver.
To OverRe'ad. v. a. [over and read.J To perufe.
The contents of this is the return of the duke ; you fhall
anon over-read it at your pleafure. Shakefpeare.
Tq O ver-R£D. v. [over and red.] 1 o fmcar with rcu.
' Prick thy face and over-red thy fear,
Thou lilly liver’d boy. ^ Shakefp. Macbeth
To O'verroast. v. [over and roq/l.] To roait too much.
’Twas burnt and dried away,
And better’twere, that both of us did faft,
Since of ourfelves, ourfelves are cholerick,
Than feed it with fuch over-rcajled flefli. Shakefp.
6
To Overrule, v. a. [over and rule.]
1. To influence with predominant power ; to he fuperior in
authority.
Which humour perceiving to over-rule me, I ftrave againft
it. Sidney.
That which the church by her ecclefiaftical authority fhall
probably think and defire to be true or good, muft in congruity of reafon over-rule all other inferior arguments whatioever. Hooker, b. v. f. 8.
Except our own private, and but probable refolutions, be
by the law of publiclc determinations over-ruled, we take
away all poflibility of fociable life in the world. Hooker.
What if they be fuch as will be over-ruled with fome one,
whom they dare not difpleafe. JVhitgifte.
So much his paflion and animofity over-ruled his confidence.
Clarendon, b. viii.
A wife man fhall over-rule his ftars, and have a greater
influence upon his own content, than all the conftellations
and planets of the firmament. Baylor.
He is adled by a paflion which abfolutely over-rules him ;
and focan no more recover himfelf, than a bowl rolling down
an hill flop itfelf in the midft of its career. South.
’Tis temerity for men to venture their lives upon unequal
encounters ; unlefs where they are obliged by an over-ruling
impulfe of confcience and duty. L'EJlrange.
A man may, by the influence of an over-riding planet, be
inclined to lull, and yet by the force of reafon overcome that
bad influence. Swift.
2. To govern with high authority; to fuperintend.
Wherefore does he not now come forth and openly over¬
rule, as in other matters he is accuftomed ? Hayivard.
3. To fuperfede : as in law to over-rule a plea is to rejeift it as
incompetent.
Thirty acres make a farthing land, nine farthings a Cornifh acre, and four Cornifh acres a knights fee; But this rule
is over-ruled to a greater or lefler quantity, according to the
fruitfulnefs or barrennefs of the foil. Carew.
To Overrun, v. a. [over and run.]
1. To harrafs by incurflons ; to ravage ; to rove over in a hoftile manner.
Thofe barbarous nations that over-ran the world, poflefled
thofe dominions, whereof they are now fo called. Spenfer.
Till the tears fhe fhed,
Like envious floods o'er-ran her lovely face,
She was the faireft creature in the world. Shakefp.
They err, who count it glorious to fubdue
By conqueft far and wide, to over-run
Large countries, and in field great battles win.
Great cities by aflault. Milton's Paradfe Lojl.
The nine
Their fainting foes to fhameful flight compell’d,
And with refiftlefs force o'er-run the field. Dryden.
Guftavus Adolphus could not enter this part of the em¬
pire after having over-run molt of the reft. Addijcn.
A commonwealth may be over-run by a powerful neigh¬
bour, which may produce bad confequences upon your trade
and liberty. Swift’s Aiijcell.
2. To out-run.
Pyrocles being come to fixteen, over-run his age in growth;
ftrength, and all things following it, that not Mufidorus could
perform any adlion on horfe or loot more ftrongly, or deliver
that ftrength more nimbly, or become the delivery more
gracefully, or employ all more virtuoufly. Sidney, b. in
We may out-run
By violent fwiftnefs, that which we run at,
And lofe by over-running. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Ahimaz ran by the way of the plain, and over-ran Cufhi.
2 Sam. xviii. 23;
Galilsus noteth, that if an open trough, wherein water
is; be driven fafter than the water can follow, the water gatherefh upon an heap towards the hinder end, where the
motion began ; which he fuppofeth, holding confidently the
motion of the earth to be the caufe of the ebbing and flow¬
ing of the ocean ; becaufe the earth over-runneth the water.
Bacon's Nat. Hijlory»
3. To ovetfpread ; to cover all over.
With an over-running flood he will make an utter end of
the place; Nah. i; 8*
This difpofition of the elements and the parts of the
earth; fhews us the footfteps of fome kind of ruin which
happened in Juch a way, that at the fame time a general
flood of waters would neceflarily over-run the whole earth.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
4. To mifehief by great numbers ; to pefter.
To flatter foolifh men into a hope of life where there is
none, is much the fame with betraying people into an opinion,
that they are in a virtuous and happy ftate, when they are
over-run with paflion and drowned in their lufts. L'EJlrange.
Were it not for the inceftant labours of this induftrious
animal, Egypt would be over-run with crocodiles. AddiJ'on.
Such proviflon made, that a country fhould not want fprings
as
O V E
as were convenient for it; nor be ever-run with them* and
afford little or nothing elfe; but a fupply every where fuitable to the neceflities of each climate and region of the
globe. IVoodw. Nat. Hi/i.
5. To injure by treading down.
His tears defac’d the furface of the well.
And now the lovely face but half appears,
O'cr-run with wrinkles and deform’d with tears. Addifon.
6. Among printers, to be obliged to change the difpofition of
the lines and words in correcting, by reafon of the infertions.
Jo OvERRt/N. v. n. To overflow j to be more than full.
Though you have left me,
Yet ftill my foul o'er-runs with fondnefs towards you. Smith.
Cattle in inclofures fhall always have frefh pafture, that
now is all trampled and over-run. Spenfer,
To Overse'e. v. a. [over andfee.']
1. To fuperintend ; to overlook.
He had charge my difeipline to frame,
And tutors nouriture to overfee. Fairy Sfueen.
She without noife will overjee
H is children and his family. Drydcn.
2. To overlook ; to pafs by unheeded ; to omit.
I who refolve to overfee
No lucky opportunity,
Will go to council to advife
Which way t’ encounter, or furprife. Hud. p. iii.
OveRse'en. part. [From overfee.] Miftaken ; deceived.
A common received error is never utterly overthrown,
till fuch times as we go from figns unto caufes, and fhew
fome manifeft root or fountain thereof common unto all,
whereby it may clearly appear how it hath come to pafs that
lb many have been overfeen. Hooker, h. i. f 8.
They rather obferved what he had done, and fufFered for
the king and for his country, without farther enquiring what
he had omitted to do, or been overfeen in doing. Clarend.
Overse'er. n. f. [from overfee.]
1. One who overlooks ; a fuperintendent.'
There are in the world certain voluntary overfeers of all
books, whofe cenfure, in this refpeCt, would fall fharp on us.
Hooker, b. v. f. 31.
Jehiel and Azariah were overfeers under Cononiah.
2 Chron. xxxi. 13.
To entertain a guefl, with what a care
Wou’d he his houfhold ornaments prepare ;
Harrafs his fervants, and as o'erfecr Hand,
To keep them working with a threat’ning wand.
Clean all my plate, he cries. Dryden.
2. An officer who has the care of the parochial provifion for
the poor.
Tbe church-wardens and overfeers of the poor might find
it poffible to difeharge their duties, whereas now in the
greater out-parifhes many of the pooref parilhioners, through
neglect, do perifh for want of fome heedful eye to overlook
them. Graunfs Bills of Mort.
To Overse't. v. a. [over*.ind fet.~\
1. To turn the bottom upwards ; to throw off the bafis.
The tempefls met,
The failors matter'd, and the fliip o'er-fet. Dryden.
It is forced through the hiatus’s at the bottom of the fea
with fuch vehemence, that it puts the fea into the molt hor¬
rible perturbation, even when there is not the leaft breath
of wind j over-jetting fhips in the harbours, and finking them.
Woodw. Nat. Hift.
Would the confederacy exert itfelf, as much to annoy the
enemy, as they do for their defence, we might bear them
. down with the weight of our armies, and over-fet the whole
power of France. Addifon on the JVar.
2. To throw out of regularity.
His adtion againft Catiline ruined the conful, when it
faved the city; for it fo fwelled his foul, that ever afterr
wards it was apt to be over-fet with vanity. Dryden.
To Overse't. v. n. To fall off the bafis.
Part of the weight will be under the axle-tree, which
will fo far counterpoife what is above it, that it will very
much prevent the 0ver-fetting. Mortimer's Hup.
To Oversha'de. v. a. [over and Jhade.] To cover with
any thing that caufes darknefs.
Black night o'er-fhade thy day, and death thy life. Shakcfp.
Dark cloudy death o'er-fades his beams ot life,
And he nor fees, nor hears us. Shakefp.
No great and mighty lubjedt might eclipfe or over-fade
the imperial power. Bacon.
If a wood of leaves o'cr-fade the tree,
In vain the hind fiiall vex the threfhing floor.
For empty chaff and ftraw will be thy ftofe. Dryden.
Should we mix our friendly talk,
0 er-faded in that fav’rite walk ;
Both pleas d with all we thought Wc wanted. Prior.
To OversHa'dow. v. a. [over ahd fadow.]
I. To throw a fhadow over any thing.
Weeds choak and over-fadew the corn, and bear it down,
cr ftarve and deprive ft of nourifhment. Bacon.
6
O V E
Death,
Let the damps of thy dull breath
Over-fadow even the fhade,
And make darknefs felf afraid. Crafawt
Darknefs mull over-fadow all his bounds,
Palpable darknefs, and blot out three days. Milton.
2. Tofhelter; to protedt; to cover with fuperiour influence.
My over-fadowing fpirit and might, with thee
I fend along : ride forth arid bid the deep
Within appointed bounds. Milton's Par. Lofl;
On her fhould come
The holy ghoft, and the power of the higheff
O'erfadow her. ParadiJ'e Regain'd, b. 1.
To Oversho'ot. v. n. [over and foot.] To fly beyond the
mark.
Often it drops, or over-foots by the difproportions of dis¬
tance or application. Collier on Human Reafon.
To Overshoo't. v. a.
1. To fhoot beyond the mark.
Every inordinate appetite defeats its own fatisfaction, by
over-footing the mark it aims at. Tillotfon.
2. [With the reciprocal pronoun.] To venture too farj to affert too much.
Leave it to themfelves to confider, whether they have in
this point or not over-fot themfelves; which God doth
know is quickly done, even when our meaning is moft fincere.
Hooker, b. ii. f. 8.
In finding fault with the laws I doubt me, you fhall much
over-foot yourfelf and make me the more diflike your other
diflikes of that government. Spenfer on Ireland.
For any thing that I can learn of them, you have over-fot
yourfelf in reckoning. JVhitgifte.
Oversight, n.f. [from over and fight.]
1. Superintendence.
They gave the money, being told unto them that had the
over-fight of the houfe. 2 Kings xii. 11.-
Feed the flock of God, taking the over-fight thereof, not
by conftraint, but willingly. 1 Pet. v. 2.
2. Miftake; error.
Amongft fo many huge volumes, as the infinite pains of
St. Auguftine have brought forth, what one hath gotten
greater love, commendation, and honour, than the "book
wherein he carefully owns his over-fights and fincerely con¬
demned! them. Hooker's Pref.
His fon mark’d this over-fight,
And then miftook reverfe of wrong for right; Pope.
To Oversi'ze. v. a. [over andfize.J
1. To furpafs in bulk. •
Thofe bred in a mountainous country, over-fize thofe that
dwell on low levels. Sandys Journey.
2. [over and fize, a compoft with which mafons cover walls.]
To plafter over.
He thus o'er-ftz'd with coagulate gore.
Old grandfire Priam feeks. Shakefp. Hamlet.
To Overski'p. v. a. [over and fip.]
1. To pafs by leaping.
Prefume not ye that are fheep, to make yourfelves guides
of them that fhould guide you ; neither feek ye to over-fkip
the fold, which they about you have pitched. Hooker.
2. To pafs over.
Mark if to get them fhe o'er-fip the reff,
Mark if fhe read them twice, or kifs the name. Donne.
3. To efcape.
When that hour o'er-fips me in the day,
Wherein I figh not, Julia, for thy fake ;
The next enfuing hour fome foul mifchance
Torment me. Shakefp. Two Gent, of Verona.
Who alone fuffers, fuffers moft i’th’mind ;
But then the mind much fuff’rance does o'er-fip,
When grief hath mates and bearing fellowfhip. Shakefp.
To Oversle'ep. v.a. [over andfeep.] To fleep too lone*.
To Oversli'p. v. a. [over and flip.] To pafs undone, un¬
noticed, or unufed ; to negledt.
The careleffnefs of the jufticeS in impofing this rate, or the
negligence of the conftables in colledting "it, or the backwardnefs of the inhabitants in paying the fame, 0ver-fipped
the time. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
It were injurious to over-fip a noble a& in the duke during
this employment, which I muft celebrate above all his expences. # IVottcn.
To Oversno w. v. a. [over and [now,] To cover with fnow.
T hefe I wielded while my bloom was warm.
Ere age unftrung my nerves, or time o'er-Jnow'd my head.
Dryden s Adnels.
Overso'ld. part, [from overfel] Sold at too high a price.
Life with eale I can difclaim,
And think it over-fold to purchafe fame. Dryden.
O VERSo'oN. adv. [over and foon.] T00 foon.
'The lad may prove well enough, if he over-foon think not
too well of himfelf, and will bear away that he hearcth of
his elders. Sidney^ b. ii.
OVtr-
OVE
Overspe'nt. part, [over and fpencl.] Wearied; harrafied;
forefpent. The verb overfpend is not ulcd.
Theftylis, wild thyme, and garlick beats.
For harveft-hinds, o'erfpcnt with toil and heats. Dryden.
To Oversprea'd. v. a. [over and fpread.] To cover over ;
to fill; to fcatter over.
Whether they were Spaniards, Gauls, Africans, Gothes,
or fome other which did ovcrfpread all chriftendom, it is impoffible to affirm. Spenfer.
Of the three fons of Noah was the whole earth overfpread.
Gen. ix. 19.
Darknefs Europe’s face did ovcrfpread,
From lazv cells, where fuperftition bred. Denham.
Not a deluge that only over-run fome particular region ;
but that overfpread the face of the whole earth from pole to
pole, and from eaft to weft. Burnet.
To Oversta'nd. v. a. [over and Jiand.] To ftand too
much upon conditions.
Her’s they fhall be, fince you refufe the price;
What madman would o’crjland his market twice. Dryd.
To Overstate, v. a. [over andJlare.] To ftare wildly.
Some warlike fign muft be ufed; either a flovenly bufkin,
or an overjlaring frounced head. Afcham.
To Overstock, v. a. [over andflock.'] To fill too full; to
croud.
If raillery had entered the old Roman coins, we fhould
have been overjlocked with medals of this nature. Addifon.
Some bifhop, not overjlockedv/ith relations, or attached to fa¬
vourites, beftows fome inconfiderable benefice. Swift.
Since we are fo bent upon enlarging our flocks, it may be
worth enquiring what we fhall do with our wool, in cafe
Barnftaple fhould be ever overjlocked. Swift.
To Oversto're. v.a. [awrandJlore.] To ftore with toomuch.
Fifties are more numerous than beafts or birds, as appears
by their numerous fpawn; and if all thefe fhould come to
maturity, even the ocean itfelf would have been long fince
overjlored with fifih. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
To Overstrai'n. v. n. [over and Jlrain.] To make too
violent efforts.
Craflus loft himfelf, his equipage, and his army, by overJlraining for the Parthian gold. Collier.
He wifhed all painters would imprint this leflon deeply in
their memory, that with overflraining and earneftnefs of
finifhing their pieces, they often did them more harm than
o-ood. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
To Overstrai'n. v. a. To ftretch too far.
Confeffors were apt to overjlrain their privileges, in which
St. Cyprian made a notable ftand againft them. Ayliffe.
To Overswa'y. v. a. [over and fway.] To over-rule ; to
bear down.
When they are the major part of a general afiembly, then
their voices being more in number, muft overfway their
judgments who are fewer. Hooker.
Great command o'erfways our order. Shakefp.
To Overswe'll. v. a. [over and fwell.] To rife above.
Fill, Lucius, ’till the wine 0’erfwell the cup ;
I cannot drink too much of Brutus’ love. Shakefp:
When his banks the prince of rivers, Po,
Doth overfwell, he breaks with hideous fall. Fairfax.
o'vert. adj. [ouvert, Fr.J Open; publick ; apparent.
To vouch this, is no proof,
Without more certain and more overt teft,
Than thefe thin habits and poor likelihoods. Shakefp.
Overt and apparent virtues bring forth praife; but there
be fecret and hidden virtues that bring forth fortune ; certain
deliveries of a man’s felf. Bacon.
My repulfe at Hull, was the firft overt efiay to be made
how patiently I could bear the lofs of my kingdoms. K. Charles.
The defign of their deftru&ion may have been proje&ed
in the dark ; but when all was ripe, their enemies proceeded
to fo many overt a£ts in the face of the nation, that it was
obvious to the meaneft. Swift.
Whereas human laws can reach no farther than to reftrain
the overt action, religion extends to the fecret motions of the
foul. Rogers, Serm. 17.
O'vertly. adv. [from the adje&ive.] Openly.
To OVERTA'KE. v. a. [over and take.]
I.To catch any thingby purfuit; to come up to fomething go¬
ing before. # ,
We durft not continue longer fo near her confines, left:
her plagues might fuddenly overtake us before we did ceafe
to be partakers with her fins. Hooker.
If I had given you this at over-night.
She might have been overtaken; and yet fhe writes
Purfuit would be but vain. Shakefpeare.
I fhall fee
The winged vengeance overtake fuch children. Shakefp.
The enemy laid, I will purfue, I will overtake, I will di¬
vide the fpoil. , E*' xv* 9*
My foul, more earneftly releas’d,
Will out-ftrip hers, as bullets flown before
A later bullet may overtake, the powder being more. Donne.
OVE
To thy wifhes move a fpcedy pace.
Or death will foon o’ertake thee in the chace. Dryden.
How muft he tremble for fear vengeance fhould overtake
him, before he has made his peace with God l Rogers.
2.To take by furprize.
If a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are fpiritual
ttftore fuch an one in the fpirit of mceknefs. Gal. vi. 1.
To Overta'sk. v. a. [over and tafk.J To burthen with too
heavy duties or injunctions.
That office is performed by the parts with difficulty, becaufe
they were overtafked. Harvey on Confumptions.
To Overta'x. v. a. [over and tax.] 1 o tax too heavily.
To OVERTHROW, v. a. [over and throw; preter. over¬
threw ; part, overthroivn,]
1. To turn upfide down.
Pittacus was a wife and valiant man, but his wife over¬
threw the table when he had invited his friends. Taylor.
2. To throw down ; to ruin ; to demolifh.
When the walls of Thebeshe overthrew,
His fatal hand my royal father flew. * Dryden.
3. To defeat; to conquer; to vanquifh.
Our endeavour is not fo much to overthrow them with
whom we contend, as to yield them juft and reafonable caufes.
Hooker, b. v. f. I.
To Sujah next, your conquering army drew,
Him they furpris’d, and eafily overthrew. Dryden.
4. To deftroy ; to mifehief; to bring to nothing.
She found means to have us acculed to the king, as though
we went about fome pra&ife to overthrow him in his ov, n
eftate. , Sidney, b. ii.
Here’s Glo’fter
O’er-charging your free purfes with large fines,
That fecks to overthrow religion. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Thou walkeft in peril of thy overthrowing. Ecc. xiii. 13.
God overthroweth the wicked for their wickednefs.
Prov. xxi. 12.
Overthro'w. n. f. [from the verb.]
1. The ftate of being turned upfide down.
2. Ruin; deftruction.
Of thofe chriftian oratories, the overthrow and ruin is defired, not by infidels, pagans, or Turks, but by aflpecial re¬
fined fed: of chriftian believers. Hacker, b. v. f. \ 7.
They return again into Florida, to the murther and over¬
throw of their own countrymen. Abbot.
I ferve my mortal foe.
The man who caus’d my country’s overthrow. Dryden.
3. Defeat; difeomfiture.
From without came to mine eyes the blow.
Whereto mine inward thoughts did faintly yield ;
Both thefe confpir’d poor reafon’s overthrow;
Falfe in myfelf, thus have I loft the field. Sidney.
Quiet foul, depart;
For I have feen our enemies overthrew. Shakefp.
From thefe divers Scots feared more harm by viflory than
they found among their enemies by their overthrow. Hayw.
Poor Hannibal is maul’d,
The theme is giv’n, and ftrait the council’s call’d.
Whether he fhould to Rome direcftly go,
To reap the fruit of the dire overthrow. Dryden.
4. Degradation.
His overthrow heap’d happinefs upon him ;
For then, and not ’till then he felt himfelf,
And found the bleflednefs of being little. Shakefp.
Overthro'wer. n.f [from overthrov).] He who overthrows.
OVERTHWART, adj. [over and thwart.]
1. Oppofite ; being over againft.
We whifper, for fear one overthwart neighbours
Should hear us, and betray us to the government. Dryd.
2. Croffing any thing perpendicularly.
3. Perverfe ; adverfe ; contraaieftious.
Two or three a£ts difpofed them to crofs and oppofe any
propofition ; and that overthwart humour was difeovered to
rule in the breafts of many. Clarendon.
Overthwa'rtly. adv. [from overthwart.]
1. Acrofs ; tranfverfely.
The brawn of the thigh fhall appear, by drawing finall
hair ftrokes from the hip to the knee, fhadowed again overthwartly. Peacbam on Drawing.
2. Pervicacioufly; perverfely.
Overthwa'rtness. n. f. [from overthwart.] Pervicacity ;
perverfenefs.'
Overtoo'k. pret. and part. paff. of overtake.
To Overto'p. v. a. [over and top.]
1. To rife above ; to raile the head above.
Pile your dull: upon the quick and dead,
T’ o’ertop old Pelion or the fkyifh head
Of blue Olympus. Shakefp. Hamlet.
In the dance the graceful goddefs leads
The quire of nymphs, and overtops their heads. Dryd.
2. To excel; to furpafs.
Who ever yet
Have flood to charity, and difplay’d th’ efledls
18 X Of
9
O V E O V E
Of dlfpbfitlon gentle and of wifdom,
Overtopping woman’s power. Shake/p. Hen. VIII.
As far as the foul overtops*the body, fo far its pains, or
rather mournful fenfations, exceed thofe of the carcafe. Harv.
3. To obfeure ; to make of lefs importance by iuperiour ex¬
cellence.
Whereas he had been heretofore an arbiter of Europe, he
fhould now grow lefs, and be over-topped by fo great a con¬
junction. Bacon*s Henry VII.
One whom you love.
Had champion kill’d, or trophy won,
Rather than thus be overtopt,
Wou’d you not wilh his laurels cropt ? Swift.
To Overtri'p. v. a. [over and trip.J To trip over ; to
walk lightly over.
In fuch a night,
Did Thilbe fearfully o’ertrip the dew.
And faw the lion’s fhadow ere himfelf.
And ran difmay’d away. Shakefp. Merck, of Venice.
O'verture. n. f. [ouverture, French.]
j. Opening; difclofure; difeovery.
I wifh
You had only in your filent judgment try’d it.
Without more overture. ShakeJp. JVin. Vale.
1. Propofal; fomething offered to confideration.
Mac Murugh moved Henry to invade Ireland, and made
an overture unto him for obtaining of the fovereign lordlhip
thereof. Davies on Ireland.
All thefe fair overtures, made by men well efteemed for
honeff dealing, could not take place. Hayivard.
We with open breaft
Stand ready to receive them, if they like
Our overture, and turn not back perverfe. Milton.
The earl of Pembroke, who abhorred the war, promoted
all overtures towards accommodation v/ith great impor¬
tunity. Clarendon.
If a convenient fupply offers itfelf to be feifed by force or
gained by fraud, human nature perluades us to hearken to the
inviting overture. Rogers, Ser?n. 2.
Suppofe five hundred men propofing, debating, and voting,
according to their own little or much reafon, abundance of
indigefted and abortive, many pernicious and foolifh overtures
would arife. Swift.
To Overtu'rn. v. a. [over and turn.]
j. To throw down ; to topple down ; to fubvert; to ruin.
He is wife in heart and mighty inftrength—which removeth
the mountains, and overturned them in his anger. Job ix.5.
Thefe will fometimes overturn, and fometimes fwallow
up towns, and make a general confufion in nature. Burnet.
This he obviates, by faying we fee all the ideas in God ;
which is an anfwer to this obje&ion, but fuch an one as
overturns his whole hypothefis, and renders it ufelefs and
as unintelligible, as any of thofe he has laid afide. Locke.
If we will not encourage publick works of beneficence,
till we are fecure that no ftorm {hall overturn what we help
to build ; there is no room left for charity. Atterbury.
A monument of deathlefs fame,
A woman’s hand o'erturns. Roive.
2. To over-power ; to conquer.
Pain exceflive overturns all patience. Milton.
Overtu'rneR. n.J'. [from overturn.] Subverter.
I have brought before you a robber of the publick treafure,
an overturner of law and juftice, and the deftrudtion of the
Sicilian province. Swift.
To Overvalue, v. a. [over and value.] To rate at too
high a price.
We have juft caufe to ftand in fome fear, leaft by thus
overvaluing their fermons they make the price and eftimation of feripture, otherwife notified, to fall. Hooker.
To OverveiL. v. a. [over and veil.] To cover:
The day begins to break, and night is fled j
Whofe pitchy mantle overveil'd the earth. Shakefp.
To Overvo'te. v. a. [over and vote.] To conquer by plu¬
rality of votes.
The lords and commons might be content to be overvoted
by the major part of both houfes, when they had ufed each
their own freedom. King Charles.
To Overwa'tch. v. n. [over and watch.] To fubdue with
long want of reft.
Morpheus is difpatch’d;
Which done, the lazy monarch overwatch'd,
Down from his propping elbow drops his head,
Difiolv’d in fleep, and fhrinks within his bed. Dryden.
Overwatched, adj. Tired with too much watching.
While the dog hunted in the river, he had withdrawn him¬
felf to pacify with fleep his over-watched eyes. Sidney.
Overwear, adj. [over and weak.] Too weak; too feeble.
Paternal perfuafions, after mankind began to forget the
original giver of life, became in all overweak to refill the
firft inclination of evil; or after, when it became habitual,
t© conftrain it. Raleigh's Hijl.of the IV?rld.
To Overweary, adj. [over and weary.] I o fubdue with
fatigue.
Might not Palinurus fall afleep and drop into the fea,
having been over-wearied with watching. Dryden.
To Overwea'ther. v. a. [over and weather.] To batter
by violence of weather.
How like a younker or a prodigal,
The fkarfed bark puts from her native bay,
Hugg’d and embraced by the ftrumpet wind I
How like the prodigal doth fhe return.
With over-weather d ribs and ragged fails.
Lean, rent, and beggar’d by the ftrumpet wind. ’ Shakefp.
To Overwee'n. v. n. [over and ween.] To think too highly;
to think with arrogance.
To reach beyond the truth of .any thing in thought;
efpecially in the opinion of a man’s felf. Hanmtr.
Oft have I feen a hot o'enveening cur.
Run back and bite, becaufe he was with-held. Shakefp.
My mafter hath fent for me, to whofe feeling forrows I
might be fome allay, or I o'erween to think fo. Shakefp.
Lafh hence thefe overweening rags of France,
Thefe familh’d beggars, weary of their lives. Shakefp.
My eye’s too quick, my heart o'erweens too much,
Unlefs my hand and ftrength could equal them. Shakefp.
Take heed of overweening, and compare
Thy peacock’s feet with thy gay peacock’s train;
Study the beft and higheft things that are.
But of thyfelf an humble thought retain. Davies.
They that overween.
And at thy growing virtues fret their fpleen.
No anger find in thee. Milton.
He might have learnt
Lefs overweening, fince he fail’d in Job,
Whofe conftant perfeverance overcame
Whate’er his cruel malice could invent. Par. Reg.
No man is fo bold, rafh, and overweening of his own
works, as an ill painter and a bad poet. Dryden.
Enthufiafm, though founded neither on reafon nor reve¬
lation, but rifing from the conceits of a warmed or over¬
weening brain, works more powerfully on the perfuafions
and aclions of men, than either or both together. Locke.
Men of fair minds and not given up to the overweening of
feif-flattery, are frequently guilty of it: and, in many cafes,
one with amazement hears the arguings, and is aftonifhed
at the obftinacy of a worthy man who yields not to the evi¬
dence of reafon. Locke.
Now enters overweening pride.
And fcandal ever gaping wide. Swift.
Overwee'ningly. adv. [from overween.] With too much
arrogance ; with too high an opinion.
To Overwei'gh. v. a. [over and weigh.] To preponderate.
Sharp and fubtile difeourfes of* wit, procure many times
very great applaufe, but being laid in the balance with that
which the habit of found experience delivereth, they are overweighed. Hooker, b. v. j. J.
My unfoil’d name, the aufterenefs of my life.
Will fc your accufation overweigh,
That you ftiall ftifle in your own report. Shakefp.
Overweight, n.f [over and weight.] Preponderance.
Sinking into water is but an overweight of the body, in
refpedl of the water. Bacons Nat. Hijl.
To Overwhelm, v. a. [over and whelm.]
1. To crulh underneath fomething violent and weighty.
What age is this, where honeft men.
Plac’d at the helm,
A fea of fome foul mouth or pen.
Shall overwhelm ? Ben. Johnfon.
Back do I tofs thefe treafons to thy head,
With the hell hated lie o'erwhehn thy heart. Shakefp.
How trifling an apprehenfion is the fliame of being laughed
at by fools, when compared with that everlafting Ihame and
aftoniftiment which (hall overwhelm the finner, when he {hall
appear before the tribunal of Chrift. Rogers.
Blind they rejoice, though now even now they fall;
Death haftes amain ; one hour o'erwhelms them all. Pope*
2. To overlook gloomily.
Let the brow o'erwhelm it.
As fearfully as doth a galled rook
O’erhang and jutty his confouhded bafe. Shakefpeare.
An apothecary late I noted.
In tatter’d weeds with overwhelming brows.
Culling of fimples. Shakefp. Rom. and Juliet.
Overwhelmingly, adv. [from overwhelming.] In fuch a
manner as to overwhelm.
Men {hould not tolerate themfelves one minute in any
known fin, nor impertinently betray their fouls to ruin for
that which they call light and trivial; which is fo indeed in
refpect
s
OUN
refpe£t of the acqueft, but overwhelmingly ponderous in re¬
gard of the pernicious confequents. Decay of Piety.
Overwi'se. v. a. [over and wife.] Wife to affe&ation.
Make not thyfelf overwife. Eccl. vii. 16.
Overwrou'ght. part, [over and wrought.]
1. Laboured too much.
Apelles faid of Protogenes, that he knew not when to
give over. A work may be overwrought, as well as under¬
wrought: too much labour often takes away the fpirit, by
adding to the polifhing; fo that there remains nothing but
a dull correftnefs, a piece without any confidcrable faults,
but with few beauties. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
2. Worked all over.
Of Gothic ftru&ure was the northern fide,
O'erwrought with ornaments of barbarous pride. Pope.
3. It has in Shakefpeare a fenfe which I know not well how to
reconcile to the original meaning of the word, and therefore
conclude it mifprinted tor overraught $ that is, overreached or
cheated.
By fome device or other,
The villain is o’erwrought of all my money;
I hey fay this town is full of cozenage. Shakefp.
Overwo'rn. part, [over and worn.]
1. Worn out; fubdued by toil.
With watching overworn, with cares oppreft.
Unhappy I had laid me down to reft. Dryden.
2. Spoiled by time.
The jealous o’erworn widow and herfelf.
Are mighty goffips in this monarchy. ' Shakefp;
Overyea'red. adj. [over and year.] Too old.
Among them dwelt
A maid, whofe fruit was ripe, not overyeared. Fairfax.
Overzea'lous. adj. [over and zealous.] Too zealous.
It is not of tuch weighty neceffity to determine one way
or the other, as fome overzealous for or againft the imma¬
terialityof the foul, have been forward to make the world
believe- Locke.
Gught. n.f. [aphir, that is, a whit, Saxon. This word is ’
therefore more properly written aught. See Aught.] Any
thing; not nothing.
For ought that I can underftand, there is no part but the
hare Englith pale, in which the Irifh have not the greateft
footing. __ _ Spenfer on Ireland.
He atked him if he faw ought. Mark viii. 23.
To do ought good never will be our talk ;
But ever to do ill our foie delight. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
Univerfal Lord ! be bounteous ftill
To give us only good ; and if the night
Have gather’d ought of evil, or conceal’d,
Difperfe it, as now light difpels the dark. Milton.
Ought, verb hnperfedle [This word the etymologies make
the preterite of owe, but it has often a prefent fignification.J
1. [Preterite of owe.] Owed ; was bound to pay ; have been
indebted.
Apprehending the occafion, I will add a continuance to
that happy motion, and befides give you fome tribute of the
love and duty I long have ought you. Spelman.
This blood which men by treafon fought.
That followed, fir, which to myfelf I ought. Dryden.
2. To be obliged by duty. '
Judges ought to remember, that their office is to interpret
law, and not to make or give law. Bacon.
Morals criticks ought to fhow. Pope.
She a£ls juft as fhe ought,
But never, never reach’d one generous thought; Pope.
3. To be fit; to be neccffary.
If grammar ought to be taught, it muft be to one that can
fpeak the language already. Locke.
Gvifo'rm. adj. [ovum and forma, Laf.] Having the fhape
of an egg.
This notion of the mundane egg, or that the world was ovi¬
form, hath been the fenfe and language of all antiquity. Burn.
O’viparous. adj. [ovum and pario, Latin.] Bringing forth
eggs; not viviparous. 0
That fifties and birds fhould be oviparous, is a plain firm
of providence. _ Morgs AnU againJi JthF
Birds and onparcus creatures have eggs enough at firft
conceived in them to ferve them for many years layfng. Ray.
Ounce, n.f. [once, Fr. uncia, Latin.] A name of weight of
different value in different denominations of weight. In troy
weight, an ounce is twenty penny-weight ; a penny-weight,
twenty-four grains.
The blood he hath loft.
Which I dare vouch is more than that he hath
By many an ounce, he dropt it for his country. Shakefp.
A fponge dry weigbeth one ounce twenty-fix grains; the
fame fponge being wet, weigheth fourteen ounces fix drams
and three quarters. Bacon.
Ounce, n.f. [once, French j - onza, Spanifli.] A lynx; a
panther.
OUT
The ounce,
The libbard, and the tiger, as the mole
Riling, the crumbled earth above them threw
In hillocks. Milton's Par. Loft, b. vii
Uuphe. n.f. [auf, Teutomck.J A fairy; a goblin.
Nan Page and my little fon, we’li drefs
Like urchins, ouphes, and fairies, green and white. Shah
Ou'phen.n.f [from ouph.] Elfifli.
Fairies, black, gray, green, and white,
Ye moon fliine revellers and fliades of night.
You ouphen heirs of fixed deftiny,
Attend your office. Shakefpcare.
Our. pron. poJJ. [upe, Saxon.]
1. Pertaining to us; belonging to us.
You fhall
Lead our firft battle, brave Macduff, and we
Shall take upon us what elfe remains. Shakefpcare.
Our Wit is given almighty God to know,
Our will is given to love him being known ;
But God could not be known to us below.
But by his works which through the fenfe are fhown.
So in our little world this foul of ours
Being only one, and to one body ty’d.
Doth ule on divers objeifts divers powers,
And fo are her effefts diverfify’d. Davies,
2. When the lubftantive goes before, it is written ours.
Edmund, whofe virtue in this inftance,
So much commands itfelf, you fhall be ours. Shakefp.
1 hou that haft falhion’d twice this foul of ours,
So that file is by double title thine, 'Davies.
Be ours, who e’er thou art,
IWet the Greeks. Dtnhan.
i axallan, fhook by Montezuma’s powers.
Has, to refill his forces, call’d in ours. Dryden.
Reading furnilhes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking makes what we read ours .* it is not
enough to cram ourfelves with a great load of collc&ions,
unlefs we chew them over again, they will not give us
flr“S‘h- , . Locke.
heir organs are better difpolcd than ours, for receiving
grateful impreffions from fenfible objects. Atterbury.
Ourse eves, reciprocal pronoun, [the plural of myfelf.]
I. We; not others.
We ourfelves might diftindtly number in words a great
deal farther than we ufually do, would we find out but fome
fit denominations to fignify them by. Locke.
2>. Us; not others, in the oblique cafes.
Safe in ourfelves, while on ourfelves we Hand,
The fea is ours, and that defends the land. Dryden.
Ourself is ufed in the regal ftile.
To make fociety
The fweeter welcome, we will keep eurfelf
Till fupper-time alone. Shakefp. Macbeth.
We our/elf will follow
In the main battle. Shakefpeare.
Not fo much as a treaty can be obtained, unlefs we would
denude eurfelf of all force to defend us. Clarendon.
Ouse, n,f Tanners bark. Ain[worth*
Ou'sel. n.f [oj-le, Saxon.] A blackbird.
The merry lark her mattins fings aloft.
The thrufh replies, the mavis defcant plays,
T. he oufel fhrills, the ruddock warbles foft;
So goodly all agree, with fweet content.
To this day’s merriment. Spenfer.
The oujel cock fo black of hue.
With orange tawney bill. Shakefpeare.
Thrufhes and oufels, or blackbirds, were commonly fold
for three pence a-piece. Hakeiutll on Providence.
To Oust. v. a. [oujler. Her, French.] To vacate ; to take
away.
Multiplication of a£lions upon the cafe were rare formerly,
and thereby wager of law oujled, which difeoura^ed many
fuits- . Hale.
Out. adv. [ut, Saxon; uyt, Dutch.]
1. Not within.
The gown with ftiff embroid’ry fluffing.
Looks charming with a flighter lining;
1 he out, if Indian figures ftain.
The infide muft be rich and plain. Prior,
2. It is generally oppofed to in.
I hat blind raically boy, that abufes every one’s eyes becaufe his own are out, let him be judge how deep I am in
]?ve- Shakefp.
3. In a ftate of difclofure.
Fruits and grains are half a year in conco&ino-; whereas
leaves are out and perfeft in a month. 0 ’ p„rnn
4. Not in confinement or concealment.
Nature her cuftom holds,
r« frame lay what it will. when thefe are eone.
The woman will be out. b shakefp,an.
5.From
OUT
5. From the place or houfe.
Out with the dog, fays one; what cur is that? fays an¬
other : whip him out, fays the third. Shakefp,
6. From the inner part.
This is the place where the priefts fhall boil the trefpafs
offering; that they bear it not out into the utter court, to
fandtify the people. Ezck. xlvi. 20.
f Not at home.
8. In a ftate of extinction.
It was great ign’rance, Glofler’s eyes being cut,
To let him live; where he arrives he moves
All hearts. Shakefp. King Lear%
This candle burns not clear; ’tis I muft fnuff it,
Then out it goes. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Bid thy ceremony give thee cure ! .
Thinkft thou the firy fever will go out
With titles blown from adulation. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Her candle goeth not out by night. Prov. xxxi. 18.
9. In a ftate of being exhaufted.
When the butt is out we will drink water, not a drop be¬
fore ; bear up and board them. Shakefp. Tempeji.
Large coals are propereft for dreffing meat; and when they
are out, if you happen to mifearry in any difh, lay the fault
upon want of coals. Swift.
10. Not in an affair.
So we’ll live and hear poor rogues
Talk of court news, and we’ll talk with them too,
Who lofes, and who wins ; who’s in, who’s out. Shah.
The knave will flick by thee : he will not out, he is true
bred. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. li.
I am not fo as I fhould be;
But I’ll ne’er out. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
21. To the end.
Hear me out;
He reap’d no fruit of conqueft, but thefe bleffings. Dryd.
You have ftill your happinefs in doubt.
Or elfe ’tis paft, and you have dream’d it out. Dryden.
The tale is long, nor have I heard it out;
Thy father knows it all. Addifon’s Cato.
12. Loudly; without reftraint.
At all I laugh, he laughs no doubt;
The only difference is, 1 dare laugh out. Pope.
13. Not in the hands of the owner. *
If the laying of taxes upon commodities does affeCl the
land that is out at rack rent, it is plain it does equally affeCt
all the other land in England too. Locke.
Thofe lands were out upon leafes of four years, after the
expiration of which term the tenants were obliged to renew.
Arluthnct on Coins.
T4. In an errbur.
You are mightily out to take this for a token of efteem,
which is no other than a note of infamy. L’EJirange.
As he that hath been often told his fault.
And ftill perfifts, is as impertinent,
As a mufician that will always play,
And yet is always out at the fame note. Rofeommon.
According to Hobbes’s comparifon of reafoning with call¬
ing up accounts, whoever finds a miftake in the fum total,
muft allow himfelf out, though after repeated trials he may
not fee in which article he has mifreckoned. Swift.
15. At a lofs ; in a puzzle.
Like a dull aCior now :
I have forgot my part, and I am out,
Even to a full difgrace. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
This youth was fuch a mercurial, as the like hath feldom
been known ; and could make his own part, if at any time
he chanced to be out. Bacon’s Hen. VII.
16. With torn cloaths.
Evidences fwore;
Who hither coming out at heels and knees.
For this had titles. Dryden.
17. Away; at a lofs.
I never was out at a mad frolick, though this is the maddeft
I ever undertook. Dryden.
Let all perfons avoid nicenefs in their clothing or diet,
becaufe they drefs and comb out all their opportunities of
morning devotion, and fleep out the care for their fouls. Taylor.
18. It is uled emphatically before alas.
Out, alas ! no fea, I find,
Is troubled like a lover’s mind. Suckling.
19- L is added emphatically to verbs of difeovery.
If ye will not do fo, be fure your fin will find you out.
Num. xxxii. 23.
Our. interjeft. An expreftion of abhorrence or expulfion.
Out upon this half-fac’d fellowfhip. Shakefp.
Out on thee, rude man ! thou doft flhame thy mother. Sha.
Out Varlet from my fight. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Out, you mad headed ape ! a weazel hath not fuch a deal
of fpleen. Shakefp. Hen. TV.
Out of my door, you witch ! you hag !
Out, out, out. Shakefp. J\L. TV. of Wind.
OUT
Out, out, hyena; thefe are thy wonted arts,
To break all faith.. Milton s Agonifes.
Out upon it, I have lov’d
Three whole days together;
And am like to love three more,
If it prove fair weather. Suckling.
Out of. prep. [Of feems to be the prepofition, and out only
to modify the fenfe of o/ij
1. From ; noting produce.
So many Neroes and Caligulas,
Out of thefe crooked fhores muft daily raife. Spenf
Thofe bards coming many hundred years after, could not
know what was done in former ages, nor deliver certainty
of any thing, but what they feigned out of their own un¬
learned heads. Sperfer on Ireland.
Alders and allies have been feen to grow out of fteeples;
but they manileftly grow out of clefts. Bacon.
He is fofter than Ovid ; he touches the pafiions more de¬
licately, and performs all this out of his own fund, without
diving into the lciences for a fupply. Dryden.
2. Not in ; noting exclufion or difmilfion.
The lacred nymph
Was out of Dian’s favour, as it then befel. Fa. Lfiieen.
Guiltinefs
Will fpeak, though tongues were out of ufe. Shakefp.
The cavern’s mouth alone was hard to find,
Becaufe the path difus’d was out of mind. Dryden.
My retreat the bell companions grace,
Chiefs out of war, and ftatefmen out of place. Pope.
Does he fancy we can fit.
To hear his out of falhion wit ?
But he takes up with younger folks.
Who, for his wine, will bear his jokes. Sivift.
They are out of their element, and logic is none of their
talent. Baker on Learning.
3. No longer in.
Enjoy the prefent fmiling hour;
And put it out of fortune’s pow’r. Dryden.
4. Not in ; noting unfitnefs.
He is witty out of feafon ; leaving the imitation of nature,
and the cooler dictates of his judgment. Dryden.
Thou’lt fay my paflion’s out of feafon.
That Cato’s great example and misfortunes
Should both confpire to drive it from my thoughts. Addif
5. Not within ; relating to a houfe.
Court holy water in a dry houfe, is better than the rain
waters out of door. Shakefp. King Lear.
6. From; noting extraction.
Juices of fruits are watry and oily : among the watry are
all the fruits out of which drink is exprelfed ; as the grape,
the apple, the pear, and cherry. Bacon.
7. From ; noting copy.
St. Paul quotes one of their poets for this faying, notwithftanding T. G’s cenfure of them out of Horace. Stilling.
8. From; noting refeue.
Chriftianity recovered the law of nature out of all thofe
errors with which it was overgrown in the times of paganifm. Addifon’s Freeholder.
9. Not in ; noting exorbitance or irregularity.
Why publilh it at this juncture; and fo, out of all me¬
thod, apart and before the work. Swift.
Ufing old thread-bare phrafes, will often make you go
out of your way to find and apply them. Swift.
10. From one thing to fomething different.
He that looks on the eternal things that are not feen, will,
through thofe opticks, exadtly difeern the vanity of all that
is vifible; will be neither frighted nor flattered out of his
duty. Decay of Piety.
Words are able to perfuade men out of what they find
and feel, and to reverfe the very impreflions of fenfe. South.
11. To a different ftate from ; in a differentftate, noting diforder.
That noble and moft fovereign reafon,
Like fweet bells jangl’d out of tune and harfh ;
That unmatch’d form and feature of blown youth, t
Blafted with extafy. Shakefp. Hamlet.
When the mouth is out of tafte, it maketh things tajle
fometimes fait, chiefly bitter, and fometimes loathfome, but
never fweet. Bacon.
By the fame fatal blow, the earth fell out of that regular
form wherein it was produced at firft, into all thefe irregula¬
rities in its prefent form. Burnet pn the Earth.
They all at once employ their thronging darts,
But out of order thrown, in air they join.
And multitude makes fruftrate the defign. Dryden.
12. Not according to.
That there be an equality, fo that no man adls or fpeaks
out of character. Pope's View of Ep. Poem.
13. To a different ftate from ; noting feparation.
Whofoever doth meafure by number, muft needs be greatly
out of love with a thing that hath fo many faults; whofoever
by
»
OUT
<
OUT
by weight cannot ehufe but efteem very highly of that where¬
in the wit of fo fcrupulous adverfaries hath not hitherto obfcrved anv defeft, which themfelves can ferioufly think to
be of moment. jAooker^ b. v. f. 27.
If ridicule were employed to laugh men out of vice and
folly, it might be of fome ufe 3 but it is made ufe of to laugh
men out of virtue and good fenfe, by attacking every thing
folemn and ferious. Addifon’s Spectator.
14* Beyond.
Amongft thofe things which have been received with great
reafon, ought that to be reckoned which the antient pradfife
of the church hath continued out of mind. Hooker, b. v. f 9.
What, out of hearing gone ? no found, no word ?
Alack, where are you ? Shakefpeare.
I have been an unlawful bawd, time out of mind. Shak.
Few had the leaf!: fufpicion of their intentions, till they
were both out of diftance to have their converfion attempted.
Clarendon, b. viii.
With a longer peace, the power of France with fo great
revenues, and l'uch application, will not encreafe every year
cut of proportion to what ours will do. 'Temple.
He ihall only be prifoner at the foldiers quarters3 and
when I am out of reach, he {hall be releafed. Dryden.
We fee people lulled alleep with folid and elaborate difeourfes of piety, who would be tranfported out of themfelves
by the bellowings of entluifiafm. Addifon.
Milton’s ltory was tranfadled in regions that lie out of
the reach of the fun and the fphere of the day. Addifon.
Women weep and tremble at the fight of a moving preacher,
though he is placed quite out of their hearing. Addifon.
15. Deviating from : Noting irregularity.
Heaven defend but {till I fhould {land fo.
So long as out of limit, and true rule,
You ftand againft anointed majefty 1 Shakefp.
The fupream being has made the bell: arguments for his
own exifter.ee, in the formation of the heavens and the earth,
and which a man of fenfe cannot forbear attending to, who
is out of the noife of human affairs. Addifon.
16. Puff 3 without 3 noting fomething worn out or exhaufted.
I am out of breath :
— HoW art thou out of breath, when thou haft breath ?
To fay to me that thou art out of breath ? Shakefp.
Out of hope to do any good, he directed his courfe to
Corone. Knolles.
He found himfelf left far behind.
Both out of heart and out of wind. Hudibras.
I publifbed fome fables, which are out of print. Arbuth.
17. By means of.
Out of that will I caufe thofe of Cyprus to mutiny. Shak.
18. In confequen.ee of 3 noting the motive or reafon.
She is perfuaded I will marry her, out of her own love and
Battery, not out of my promife. Shakefp. Othello.
The pope, out of the care of an univerfal father, had in
the conclave divers confultations about an holy war againft
the Turk. Bacon’s Hen. VII.
Not cut of cunning, but a train
Of atoms juftling in his brain,
As learn’d philofophers give out. Hudibras, p. ii.
Cromwell accufed the earl of Manchefter, of having be¬
trayed the parliament out of cowardice. Claiendon.
Thofe that have recourfe to a new creation of waters, are
fuch as do it out of lazinefs and ignorance, or fuch as do it
' out of neceftity. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
Diftinguifti betwixt thofe that take ftate upon them, purely
out of pride and humour, and thofe that do the fame in com¬
pliance with the neceftity of their affairs. L’Efrange.
Make them conformable to laws, not only for wrath
and out of fear of the magiftrate’s power, which is but a
weak principle of obedience 3 but out of confcience, which
is a firm and lafting principle. Tillotfon.
What they do not grant out of the generality of their na¬
ture, they may grant out of mere impatience. Smallridge.
Our fucceffes have been the confequences of a neceffary
war 3 in which we engaged, not out of ambition, but for the
defence of all that was dear to us. Atterbury.
19. Out of'hand 3 immediately 3 as that is eafily ufed which
is ready in the hand.
He bade to open wide his brazen gate,
Which long time had been fhut, and out of hand,
Proclaimed joy and peace through all his ftate. Fa. Fhteen.
No more ado.
But gather we our forces out of hand,
And fet upon our boafting enemy. Shakefp.
To Out. v. a. To expel 3 to deprive.
The members of both houfes who withdrew, were counted
deferters, and outed of their places in parliament. K. Charles.
So many of their orders, as were outed from their fat poffeftions, would endeavour a rc-entrancc againft thofe whom
they account hereticks. _ Dryden.
Our, in compoiition, generally fignifics fomething beyond or
more than another.
Out-fawn as much, and out-comply,
And feem as fcrupuloufly juft,
To bait the hooks for greater truft. Hud. p. ii. can. 3.
To Outa'ct. v. a. [out and aft.] To do beyond.
He has made me heir to treafures.
Would make me out-aft a real widow’s whining. Otway.
To Outba'lance. v. a. [out and balanced] To over-weigh 3
to preponderate.
Let dull Ajax bear away my right.
When all his days outbalance this one night. Dryden.
To Outba'r. v. a. [out and bar.] To fhut out by fortification.
Thefe to outbar with painful pionings,
From fea to fea he heap’d a mignty mound. Fa. Queen.
To Outbi'd. v. a. [out and bid.] To over-power by bidding
a higher price.
If in thy heart
New love created be by other men,
Which have their ftocks entire, and can in tears.
In fighs, in oaths, in letters outbid me.
This new love may beget new fears. Donne.
For Indian fpices, for Peruvian gold.
Prevent the greedy, and outbid the bold. Pope.
Outbidder, n. f. [out and bid.] One that out-bids.
Outblo'wed. adj. [out and blow.] Inflated 3 fwollen with wind.
At their roots grew' floating palaces,
Whofe outblow’cl bellies cut the yielding feas. Dryden.
Ou'tborn. adj. [out and born.] Foreign 3 not native.
Outbound, adj. [out and bound.] Deftinated to a diftant
voyage.
Triumphant flames upon the water float,
And outbound fhips at home their voyage end. Dryden.
To Outbra've. v. a. [out and brave.] To bear down and
difgrace by more daring, infolent, or fplendid appearance.
We fee the danger, and by fits take up fome faint refolution to outbrave and break through it. L’Efrange.
I would out-ftare the fterneft eyes that look,
Outbrave the heart moft daring on the earth,
To win thee, lady. Shakefpeare.
Here Sodom’s tow’rs raife their proud tops on high.
The tow’rs, as well as men, out-brave the fky. Cowley.
To Outera'zen. v. a. [out and brazen.] To bear down
.. with impudence.
Ou'tbreak. n.f [out and break.] That which breaks forth j
eruption.
Breathe his faults fo quaintly.
That they may feem thd taints of liberty..
The flafti and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shakefp.
To Outrea'the. v. a. [out and breath.]
1. To weary by having better breath.
Mine eyes faw him
Rendering faint quittance, wearied and outbreath’d,
To Henry Monmouth. Shakefpeare.
2. To expire.
That fign of laft outbreathed life did feem. Spenfer.
Outca'st. part, [out and caf. It may be obferved, that both
the participle and the noun are indifferently accented on either
fyllable. It feems moft analogous to accent the participle on
the laft, and the noun on the firft.]
1. Thrown into the air as refufe, as unworthy of notice.
Abandon foon, I read, the caitive fpoil
Of that fame outcaf carcafs. Fairy Queen, b. ii. c. 8.
2. Banifhed 3 expelled.
Behold, inftead
Of us outcaf exil’d, his new delight
Mankind created. Milton’s Paradife Lof, b. iv.
Outcast, n.f. Exile; one rejected 3 one expelled.
Let’s be no ftoicks, nor no ftocks.
Or fo devote to Ariftotle,
As Ovid, be an outcaf quite abjur’d. Shakefp.
O blood-befpotted Neapolitan,
Outcaf of Naples, England’s bloody fcourge ! Shakefp.
For me, outcaf of human race,
Love’s anger only waits, and dire difgrace. Prior.
He dies fad outcaf of each church and ftate ! Pope.
To Outcra'ft. v. a. [out and craft.] To excel in cunning.
Italy hath outcrafted him,
And he’s at fome hard point. Shakefp. Cymbeline,
O'utcry. n.f. [out and cry.]
1. Cry of vehemence 3 cry of diftrefs ; clamour.
Thefe outcries the magiftrates there fhun, fince they are
readily hearkened unto here. Spenfer on Ireland.
So ftrange thy outcry, and thy words fo ftrange
Thou interpofeft, that my fudden hand
Prevented, fpares. Milt. Par. Lof, b. ii.
I make my way
Where noifes, tumults, outcries, and alarms
I heard. Denham:
2. Clamour of deteftation.
There is not any one vice, incident to the mind of man,
againft which the world has raifed fuch a loud and univerfal
outcry, as againft ingratitude. South’s Serm.
18 Y 3. A pub5
OUT OUT
Milton»
Milton.
L'Eflrange.
Dryden.
% A publick fale ; an au£lion. Ainfl
Outda're. •y. d. [u«r ahd dare.] To venture beyond.
Myfelf, my brother, and his Ton,
That brought you home, and boldly did outdart
The dangers of the time. Shakefpeate.
To Outda'te. v. a. [out and date.] To antiquate.
V/orks and deeds of the law, in thofe places, fignify le¬
gal obedience, or circumcifion, and the like judaical outdated
ceremonies ; faith, the evangelical grace of giving up the whole
heart to Chrift, without any fuch judaical obfervances. Hamm.
To Outdo', v. a. [out and do.] To excel; to furpafs; to
perform beyond another.
He hath in this a&ion outdone his former deeds doubly. Shah
What brave commander is not proud to fee
Thy brave Melantius in his gallantry ?
“Our grcateft ladies love to fee their fcorrt
Outdone by thine, in what themfelves have worn. Waller.
Heav’nly love fhall outdo hellifh hate.
Giving to death, and dying to redeem,
So dearly to redeem what hellifh hate
So eafily deftroy’d.
Here let thefe who boaft in mortal things,
Learn how their greateft monuments of fame,
And ftrength, and art, are eafily outdone
By fpirits reprobate.
An impoftor outdoes the original.
Now all the gods reward and blefs my fon ;
Thou haft this day thy father’s youth outdone.
I muft confefs the encounter of that day
Warm’d me indeed, but quite another way ;
Not With the fire of youth, but generous rage.
To fee the glories of my youthful age
So far outdone. Dryden.
The boy’s mother defpifed for not having read a fyftem
of logick, outdoes him in it. Locke.
I grieve to be outdone by Gay,
In my own humourous biting way. Swift.
To Outdwe'l. v. a. [out and dwell.] To ftay beyond.
He outdwels his hour,
For lovers ever run before the clock. Shakefp.
Ou'ter. adj. [from out.] That which is without; oppoled
to inner.
The kidney is a conglomerated gland only in the outer
part: for the inner part, whereof the papillae are compofed,
is mufcular. Grew's Cofmol. b. i. c. 5.
Ou'terly. adv. [from outer.] Towards the outfide.
In the lower jaw, two tufks like thofe of a boar, ftanding
outerly, an inch behind the cutters. Grew's Mufceum.
Ou'term6st. adjr [fuperlative, from outer.] Remoteft from
the midft.
Try if three bells were made one within another, and air
’betwixt each; and the outermojl bell were chimed with a
hammer, how the found would differ from a fingle bell. Bacon.
The outermojl corpufcles of a white body, have their va¬
rious .little furfaces of a fpecular nature. Boyle.
To Outfa'ce. v. a. [out and face.]
j. To brave; to bear down by fhew of magnanimity ; to bear
down with impudence.
We fhall have old fwearing
That they did give the rings away to men;
But we’ll outface them and out-fwear them too. Shakefp.
Doff thou come hither
To outface me with leaping in her grave ?
Be buried quick with her, and fo will I. Shakefp.
Be fire with fire;
Threaten the threatner; and outface the brow
Of bragging horror. Shakefp. King John.
They bewrayed fome knowledge of their perfons, but
were outfaced. Wotton.
2. To ftare down.
We behold the fun and enjoy his light, as long as we look
towards it circumfpedUy : we warm ourfelves fafely while we
•ftand near the fire ; but if we feek to outface the one, to en¬
ter into the other, we forthwith become blind or burnt. Ral.
To Outfa'wn. v. a. [out and fazvn.] To excel in fawning.
In affairs of lefs import.
That neither do us good nor hurt.
And they receive as little by,
Outfawn as much and out-comply. Hudibras.
To Outfly'. v. a. [out and fly.] To leave behind in flight.
His evafion wing’d thus fwift with fcorn,
Cannot outfly our apprehenfions. Shakefpeare.
Horofcop’s great foul,
Rais’d on the pinions of the bounding wind,
Outflow the rack, and left the hours behind. Garth.
Outform. n.f. [out and form.] External appearance.
Cupid, who took vain delight
In meer outforms, until he loft his fight,
Hath chang d his foul, and made his objedl you. B. Johnf.
To Outfro wn, v. a. [out and frown.] To frown down ;
to over-bear by frowns.
For thee, oppreffcd king, am I caft down,
Myfelf could elfe outfrown falfe fortune’s frown. Shakef
Outgate. n.f. [out and gate.] Outlet; paffage outwards.
Thofe places are fo fit for trade, having moft convenient
out-gates by divers Ways to the fea, and in-gates to the richeft
parts of the land,, that they would foon be enriched. Spenf
To Outgi've. v. a. [out and give.] To furpafs in giving.
The bounteous play’r outgave the pinching lord. Dryden.
To Outgo, v. a. pret. outwent; part, outgone, [out and go.]
1. To furpafs ; to excel.
For frank, well ordered and continual hofpitality, he out¬
went all fhew of competence. Carew.
While you pra&ifed the rudiments of war, you out-went
all other captains; and have fince found none but yourfelf
alone to furpafs. Dryden.
Where they apply themfelves, none of their neighbours
out-go them. Locke on Education*
2. To go beyond ; to leave behind in going.
Many ran afoot thither out of all cities, and out-went them,
and came unto him. Mark vi. 33.
3. To circumvent; to overreach.
Molleflon
Thought us to have out-gone
With a quaint invention. Denham.
To Outgro'w. v. a. [out and grow.] To furpafs in growth ;
to grow too great or too old for any thing.
Much their work outgrew,
The hands difpatch of two, gard’ning fo wide. Milton.
When fome virtue much outgrows the reft.
It flroots too faft and high. Dryden.
This eflay wears a drefs that poflibly is not fo fuitable to
the graver geniufes, who have outgrown all gaieties of ftile
and youthful relifhes. Glanv. Scepf. Pref.
The lawyer, the tradefman, the mechanic, have found fo
many arts to deceive, that they far outgrow the common
prudence of mankind.
Ou'tguard n.f. [out and guard.] One
from the main body, as a defence.
As foon as any foreign objedt preffes upon the fenfe, thofe
fpirits which are ported upon the out-guards, immediately
fcowre off" to the brain. South,
You beat the outguards of my mafter’s hoft. Dryden*
Thefe out-guards of the mind are fent abroad.
And ftill patrolling beat the neighb’ring road.
Or to the parts remote obedient fly
Keep ports advanc’d, and on the frontier lye. Blackmore.
Outje'st. v. a. [out and jefl.] To over-power by jefting.
The fool labours to outjefl
His heart ftruck injuries. Shakefp. K. Lear.
To Outkna've. v. a. [out and knave.] To furpafs in knavery.
The world calls it out-witting a man, when he’s only
outknaved. L’Eflrango%
Outla'ndish. adj. [out and land.] Not native; foreign.
Yourfelf tranfplant
A while from hence : perchance outlandijh ground
Bears no more wit than ours ; but yet more fcant
Are thofe diverfions there which here abound. Donne.
Tedious wafte of time to fit and hear
So many hollow compliments and lies,
Outlandijh flatteries. Milt. Par. Reg. b. iv.
Upon the approach of the king’s troops under General
Wills, who was ufed to the outlandijh way of making war,
we put in practice paffive obedience.
To Outla'st. v. a. [out and lafl.] To furpafs in
Good houfewives, to make their candles burn the longer,
lay them in bran, which makes them harder; infomuch as
they will out-lajl other candles of the fame fluff, half in half.
Bacon's Nat. Hifl. N°. 371.
Summers chief honour, if thou hadft outlafled,
Bleak winter’s force that made thy bloffoms dry. Milt.
The prefent age hath attempted perpetual motions, whofe
revolutions might outlafl the exemplary mobility, and outmeafure time itfelf. Brown's V. Err.
What may be hop’d,
When not from Helicon’s imagin’d fpring,
But facred writ, we borrow what we fing ?
This with the fabrick of the world begun,
Elder than light, and fhall outlafl the fun. Waller.
Outlaw, n f [utlaja, Saxon.] One excluded from the
benefit of the law. A blunderer ; a robber ; a bandit.
An outlaw in a caftle keeps. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Gathering unto him all the fcatterlings and outlaws out of
the woods and mountains, he marched forth into the Englifti
pale. Spenfer on Ireland.
As long as they were out of the protection of the law; fo
as every Englifhman might kill them, how fhould they be
other than outlaws and enemies to the crown of England ?
Davies on Ireland.
You may as well fpread out the unfun’d heaps
Of mifers treafure by an outlaw's den.
And
Addifon.
duration.
Swift.
ported at a diftance
O U T OUT
And tell me It is fafe, as bid me hope
Danger will let a helplefs maiden pals. hMilton.
A drunkard is outlawed from all worthy and creditable
converfe men abhor, loath, and defpile him. South.
To Ou'tlaw. v. a. To deprive of the benefits and protec¬
tion of the law.
I had a fon
Now outlaw'd from my blood ; he fought my life. Shah.
He that is drunken,
Is outlaw'd by himfelf: all kind of ill
Did with his liquor Hide into his veins. Herbert.
Like as there are particular perfons outlawed and proferibed by civil laws, fo are the^e nations that are outlawed
and proferibed by the law of nature and nations. Bacon.
All thofe fpiritual aids are withdrawn, which fhould affift
him to good, or fortify him againft ill; and like an out-lowed
perfon he is expofed to all that will afTault him.
Decay of Piety.
Ou'tlawry. [from outlaw.] A decree by which any man
is cut ofF from the community, and deprived of the protec¬
tion of the law.
By profeription and bills of outlawry,
Odtavius, Antony, and Lepidus,
Have put to death an hundred fenators. Shakefp.
Divers wrere returned knights and burgefles for the par¬
liament; many of which had been by Richard III. at¬
tainted by outlawries. Bacon's Henry VII.
To Outlea'p. v. a. [out and leap.J To pafs by leaping ;
to ftart beyond.
Outlea'p. n.f. [from the verb.] Sally; flight; efcape.
Since youth muft have fome liberty, fome outleaps, they
might be under the eye of a father, and then no very great
harm can come of it. Locke on Education.
Ou tlet. n.f. [out and let.] Paflage outwards ; dilcharge out¬
wards ; egrefs ; paflage of egrefs.
Colonies and foreign plantations, are very neceflary, as
outlets to a populous nation. Bacon.
The enemy was deprived of that ufeful out-let. Clarend.
So Tcapes th’ infulting fire his narrow jail.
And-makes fmall outlets into open air. Dryden.
Have a care that thefe members be neither the inlets nor
outlets of any vices ; that they neither give admiflion to the
temptation, nor be expreflive of the conception of them. Bay.
ou'tline. n.f [out and line.] Contour; line by which any
figure is defined ; extremity.
Painters, by their outlines, colours, lights, and fhadows,
reprefent the lame in their pictures. Dryden.
To Outei've. v. a. [out and live.j To live beyond ; to
forvive.
Will thefe mofied trees,
That have outliv'd the eagle, page thy keels,
And fkip when thou point’ll: out. Shakefp.
Die two months ago, and not forgotten,
Yet then there is hopes a great man’s memory
May outlive his life half a year. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Pie that outlives this day, and comes fafe home,
Will Hand a tiptoe when this day is nam’d. Shakefp.
His courage was fo fignal that day, that too much could
not be expected from it, if he had outlived it. Clarend.
Thou muft outlive
Thy youth, thy ftrength, thy beauty, which will change
To wither’d, weak, and gray. Milt. Par. Lof.
Time, which made them their fame outlive,
To Cowley fcarce did ripenefs give. Denham.
The foldier grows lefs apprehenfive, by computing upon
the difproportion of thofe that outlive a battle, to thole that
fall in it. L'Ejlrange.
Since we have loft
Freedom, wealth, honour, which we value moft,
I wilh they would our lives a period give;
They live too long who bappinefs outlive. Dryden.
It is of great confequence where noble families are gone
to decay; becaufe their titles outlive their eftates. Swift.
Pray outlive me, and then die as foon as you pleafe. Swift.
Outli'ver. n.f. [out and live.] A furviver.
To Outloo K. v. a. [out and look.] To face down ; to
browbeat.
I cull’d thefe fiery fpirits from the world.
To outlook conqueft, and to win renown,
Ev’n in the jaws of danger and of death. Shakefp.
To Outlu'strE. v. a. [out and lujlre.] To excel in brightnefs.
She went before others I have feen, as that diamond of
yours cutlufres many I have beheld. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Ou'tlying. part. adj. [out and lie.] Not in the common
courfe of order. Removed from fomething elfe.
The laft furvey I propofed of the four out-lying empires,
was that of the Arabians. Temple,
We have taken all the out-lying parts of the Spanifh mo¬
narchy, and made impreflions upon the very heart of it. Addif.
To Outmea'sure. v. a. [out and mcafure.] To exceed in
meafure.
The prefent age hath attempted perpetual motions and
engines, and thofe revolutions might out-laft the exemplary
mobility, and out-jneafure time itfelf. Brown's V. Err.
To Outnu'mber. v. a. [out and number.] To exceed in
number.
The ladies came in fo great a body to the opera, that they
ioutnumbered the enemy. Addifon's Spoliator.
To Outma'rch. v. a. [out and march.] To leave behind
in the march.
The horfe out-marched the foot, which, by reafon of the
heat, was not able to ufe great expedition. Clarend.
Ou'tmost. adj. [out and mojl.] Remoteft from the middle.
Chaos retir’d,
As from her outmojl works a broken foe. Milton.
If any man fuppofe that it is not reflected by the air, but
by the outmojl fuperficial parts of the glafs, there is ftill the
fame difficulty. Newt. Opt.
The generality of men are readier to fetch a reafon from
the immenfe diftance of the ftarry heavens, and the outmoJl walls of the world. Bentley s Sermons.
Outpa'rish. n.J] [out and parijh.] Parifh not lying with¬
in the walls.
In the greater outparijhes many of the poorer parifhioners,
through negledt, do perifh for want of fome heedful eye to
^ overlook them. Graunt's Mart.
Outpa'rt. n.f. [out and part.] Part remote from the cen¬
ter or main body.
He is appointed to fupply the bifhop’s jurifdidtion and other
judicial offices in the outparts of his diocefe. Aylijj'e.
To Outpa'ce. v. a. [out and pace.] To outgo ; to leave be¬
hind. -
i .
Arion’s fpeed
Could not outpace thee ; or the horfe Laomedon did breed.
Chapman's Iliads.
To Outpou'r. v. a. [out and power.] To emit; to fend
forth in a ftrain.
He looked and faw what number, numberlefs
The city gates outpour'd; light arm’d troops
In coats of mail and military pride. Milt. Par. Reg'.
To Outpri'ze. v. a. [out and prize.] To exceed in the
value fet upon it.
Either your unparagon’d miftrefs is dead, or
She’s outprized by a trifle. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To Ou'trage. v. a. [outragery Fr.J To injure violently or
eontumelioufly ; to infult roughly and tumultuoufly; to en¬
dangering life.
Ah heavens ! that do this hideous a£l behold.
And heavenly virgin thus outraged fee ;
How can the vengeance juft fo long withhold ! Fa. jjueen.
The news put divers young bloods into fuch a fury, as the
Englifh embafiadors were not without peril to be outraged.
Bacon's Henry VII.
Bafe and infolent minds outrage men, when they have hopes
of doing it without a return. Atterbury.
This interview outrages all decency; (he forgets her modefty, and betrays her virtue, by giving too long an audience.
Pope’s OdyJJey, b. vi.
ToOu'trage. v. n. To commit exorbitancies.
Three or four great ones in court will outrage in apparel, >
huge hole, monftrous hats, and garifli colours. Aj'cham.
Ou trace, n. f. [outrage, Fr.J
1. Open violence; tumultuous mifehief.
He wrought great outrages, wafting all the country where
he went. Spenfer on Ireland.
He doth himfelf in fecret ftirowd,
To fly the vengeance for his outrage due. Fa. Lfueen.
In that beaftly fury
He has been known to commit outrage,
And cherifh factions. Shakefp. Timonof Athens,
Uncharitably with me have you dealt,
And fhamefully my hopes by you are butcher’d ;
My charity is outrage. Shakefp. Rich. III.
2. This word feems to be ufed by Philips for mere commotion,
without any ill import, contrary to the univerfal ufe of writers.
See with what outrage from the frofty north,
The early valiant Swede draws forth his wings
In battailous array. Philips.
OUTRA'GIOUS. adj. [outrageux, French. It fhould, I think,
be written outrageous; but the cuftom feems otherwife.]
I. Violent; furious ; raging ; exorbitant; tumultuous ; turbulent.
Under him they committed divers the moft outragious vil¬
lages, that a bafe multitude can imagine. Sidney.
As fhe went her tongue did walk,
In foul reproach and terms of vile defpight,
Provoking him by her outragious talk,
To heap more vengeance on that wretched wight. F. £>u.
They view’d the vaft immeafurable abyfs, *
Outragious as a fea, dark, wafteful, wild. Milton.
When he knew his rival freed and gone,
He fwells with wrath ; he makes outragious moan :
He frets, he fumes, he flares, he ftamps the ground ;
1 he hollow tow’r with clamours rings around. Dryden.
2. Exceffive j
0
OUT OUT
1.Fxceffive ; palling reafon or decency.
My charadders of Antony and Cleopatra, though they are
favi urable to them, have nothing of outragious panegyrick.
Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
3. Encrmous ; atrocious.
Think not, although in writing I prefer d
1 he manner of thy vile outragious crimes.
That therefore I have forg’d. Shakefp. Hen. VL
Outra'giously. adv. [fromourageous.] Violently; tumultuoully; furioufly.
people will have colour of employment given them^
by which they will poll and fpoil fo outragioujly, as the very
enemy cannot do worfe. > Spenfer on Ireland.
Let luff burn never fo outragioujly for the prefent, yet age
will in time chill thofe heats. South's Sermons.
OtFTRA'GiousNEss. n. f. [from outragious.’} With fury; with
violence.
Virgil, more difereet than Homer, has contented himfelf
with the partiality of his deities, without bringing them to
the outragioufnefs of blows. Dryden.
To Outrea'ch. v. a. [out and reach.'] To go beyond.
This ufage is derived from fo many defeents of ages, that
the caufe and author outreach remembrance. Carew.
Our forefathers could never dream fo high a crime as par¬
ricide, whereas this outreaches that fa£t, and exceeds the re¬
gular diftindtions of murder. Brown.
To Outri de, v. a. [out and ride.] To pafs by riding.
This advantage age from youth hath won,
As not to be outridden,'though out-run. Dryden.
OutrFght. aclv. [out and right.]
1. Immediately; without delay.
When thefe wretches had the rope about their necks, the
firft was to be pardoned, the laft hanged outright. J. Bull.
2. Completely.
By degrees accomplifh’d in the beaft,
He neigh’d outright, and all the fteed expreft. A'ddifon.
To Outroa'r. v. a. [out and roar.j To exceed in roaring.
O that I were
Upon the hill of Bafan, to outroar
The horned herd 1 Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Outro'de. n. J. [out and rode.] Excurfion.
He fet horfemen and footmen, to the end that iffuing out,
they might make outrodes upon the ways ot Judea.
1 Mac. xv. 41.
To Outroo't. v. a. [out and root.] To extirpate ; to era¬
dicate.
Pernicious difeord feems
Outrooted from our more than iron age ;
Since none, not ev’n our kings, approach their temples
With any mark of war’s deftru&ive rage,
But facrifice unarm’d. Rowe's Amb. Step-Mother.
To Outru'n. v. a. [out and run.]
1. To leave behind in running.
By giving th’ houfe of Lancafter leave to breathe.
It will outrun- you, father, in the end. Shakefp.
The expedition of my violent love
Outruns the paufer reafon. Shakefp. Macbeth.
We may outrun,
By violent fwiftnefs, that which we run at. Shakefp.
When things are come to the execution, there is no fecrecy comparable to celerity, like the motion of a bullet in
the air, which fiieth fo fwift as it outruns the eye. Bacon.
This advantage age from youth hath won.
As not to be out-riden, though outrun. Dryden.
2. To exceed.
We outrun the prefent income, as not doubting to reimburfe ourfelves out of the profits of fome future project. Addif.
To Outsai'l. v. a. [out and fail.] To leave behind in failing.
The word fignifies a fhip that outfails other {hips. Broome.
To Outsco'rn. v. a. [out and fcorn.J To bear down or con¬
front by contempt; to defpife ; not to mind.
He {Wives in his little world of man t’ outfeorn
The to and fro conflicting wind and rain. Shakefp.
To Outse'l. v. a. [out and fell]
1. To exceed in the price for which a thing is fold ; to fell at a
higher rate than another.
It would foon improve to fuch a height, as to outfcl our
neighbours, and thereby advance the proportion of our ex¬
ported commodities. Temple.
2. To gain an higher price.
Her pretty adtion did outfel her gift,
And yet enrich’d it too. Shakefp. Cymbelinc.
To Outshi'ne. v. a. [out and Jhine.J
j. To emit luftre.
Witnefs my fon, now in the {hade of death ;
Whofe bright outfinning beams thy cloudy wrath
Hath in eternal darknefs folded up. Shakefp. R. Ill,
2. To excel in luftre.
By Shakefpeare’s, Johnfon’s, Fletcher’s lines,
Our ftage’s luftre Rome’s outjhincs. Denham.
Beauty and greatr.cfs arc io eminently joined in your royal
highnefs, that it were not eafy for any but a poet to deterworld by their rank
Atterbury's Sermons.
Pope.
Dryden.
mine which of them outfhines the other. Dryden.
Homer does not only outjhine all other poets in the variety,
but alfo in the novelty of his characters. Addifon.
We fhould fee fuch as would outjhine the rebellious part
of their fellow-fubjedts, as much in their gallantry as in their
caufe. Acldifon's Freeholder, NV 24.
Such accounts are a tribute due to the memory of thofe
only, who have outfhone the reft of the
as well as their virtues.
Happy you !
Whofe charms as far all other nymphs outjhiney
' As others gardens are excell’d by thine.
To Outshoo't. v. a. [out and fhoot.]
j. To exceed in {hooting.
The forward youth
Will learn to outjhoot you in your proper bow.
2. To {hoot beyond.
Men are refolved never to outjhoot their forefathers mark ;
but write one after another, and fo the dance goes round in
a circle. Norris,
OutsFde. n.f [out andfide.J
1. Superficies; furface; external part.
What pity that fo exquifite an outfide of a head fhould not
have one grain of fenfe in it. L'Eflrange,
The leathern outfide, boift’rous as it was.
Gave way and bent. Dryden,
2. Extreme part; part remote from the middle.
Hold an arrow in a flame for the fpace of ten pulfes, and
when it cometh forth, thofe parts which were on the outfides
of the flame are blacked and turned into a coal. Bacon.
3. Superficial appearance.
You {hall find his vanities forefpent
Were but the outf.de of the Roman Brutus,
Covering diferetion with a coat of folly. Shakefpeare.
The ornaments of converfation, and the outfide of falhionable manners, will come in their due time. Locke.
Created beings fee nothing but our outfide, and can there¬
fore only frame a judgment of us from our exterior adfions.
Addifon's Spectator, Np. 257.
4. The utmoft. A barbarous ufe.
Two hundred load upon an acre, they reckon the outfide
of what is to be laid. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
5. Perfon ; external man.
Fortune forbid, my outfide have not charm’d her 1 Shak.
Your outfde promifeth as much as can be expedded from
a gentleman. Bacon.
What admir’ft thou, what tranfports thee fo ?
An outfide? fair, no doubt, and worthy well
Milton's Par. Lojl, b. viii.
chamber, and found my faSpeff. N°. 577
To fit beyond the time of
Thy cherifhing and thy love.
6. Outer fide ; part not inclofed.
I threw open the door of my
mily Handing on the outfide.
To Outsi't. v. a. [out and fit.]
any thing.
He that prolongs his meals and facrifices his time, as well
as his other conveniences, to his luxury, how quickly does
he outfit his pleafure ? South.
To Outslee'p. v. a. [out and Jleep.J To fleep beyond.
Lovers, to bed ; ’tis almoft fairy time :
I fear we {hall outfieep the coming morn. Shakefp.
To Outspea'k. v. a. [out and fpeak.] To fpeak fomething
beyond ; to exceed.
Rich fluffs and ornaments of houfhold
I find at fuch proud rate, that it outjpeaks
Poffeflion of a fubjedt. Shakefp. Hen. VIII,
To Outspo'rt. v. a. [out andfport.] To fport beyond.
Let’s teach ourfelves that honourable flop.
Not to outfport diferetion. Shakefp. Othello.
To Outsprea'd. v. a. [outandfpread.] Toextend; todiffufe.
With fails outfpread we fly. Pope.
To Outsta'nd. v. a. [out andJland.J
1. To fupport; to refift.
Each could demolifh the other’s work with eafe enough,
but not a man of them tolerably defend his own ; which was
fure never to outfland the firft attack that was made. JVoodw.
2. To ftand beyond the proper time.
I have outjlood my time, which is material
To th’ tender of our prefent. Shakefp. Cymbclint.
To Outsta nd. v. n. To protuberate from the main body.
To Outsta're. v. a. [out and Jlare.J To face down; to
brow-beat; to outface with effrontery.
I would outjlare the fterneft eyes that look.
To win thee, lady. Shakefp. Mereh. of Venice.
Thefe curtain’d windows, this felf-prifon’d eye,
Outflares the lids of large lookt tyranny. Crajhaiu.
Outstree't. n.f. [out andJlreet.] Street in the extremities
of a town.
To Outstre'tch. v. a. [out and Jlretch.J To extend ; to
fpread out.
Make him ftand upon the mole-hill,
That caught at mountains with out-Jlretched arms. Shakefp.
Out-
OUT OUT
Out-Jiretch'd he lay, on the cold ground, and oft
Curs’d his creation. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
A mountain, at whofe verdant feet
A fpacious plain, out-Jlretch'd in circuit wide
Lay pleafant. Milt. Par. Reg. b. iii.
Does Thefeus burn ?
And mull not {he with out-Jiretch'd arms receive him ?
And with an equal ardour meet his vows ? Smith.
To Outstrip, v. a. [1 his word Skinner derives from out and
j'pritzen, to/pout, German. I know not whether it might
not have been originally out-trip, the f being afterward inferted.] To outgo; to leave behind.
If thou wilt out-Jirip death, go crofs the feas.
And live with Richmond from the reach of hell. Shak.
Do not fmile at me, that I boaft her off;
For thou {halt find, fhe will out-Jirip all praife.
And make it halt behind her. Shakefp. Tempejl.
Thou both their graces in thyfelf haft more
Out-Jiript, than they did all that went before. B. Johnfon.
My foul, more earneftly releas’d.
Will out-Jirip hers ; as bullets flown before
A latter bullet may o'ertake, the powder being more. Donne.
A fox may be out-witted, and a hare out-Jiript. L'EJiran.
He got the ftart of them in point of obedience, and
thereby iut-Jiript them at length in point of knowledge. South.
With fuch array Harpalice beftrode
Her Thracian courfer, and out-Jirip'dthe rapid flood. Dryd.
To Ou't-sweeten. v. a. [out and fweeten.J To excel in
fweetnefs.
The leaf of eglantine, which not to flander,
Out-fweeten'd not thy breath. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To Outswea'r. v. a. [out and fivear.j To over-power by
fwearing.
We {hall have old fwearing.
But we’ll out-face them, and out-fwear them too. Shakefp.
To Out-to ngue, v. a. [out and tongue.] To bear down by
noife.
Let him do his fpite :
My fervices which I have done the fignory.
Shall out-tongue his complaints. Shakefp. Othello.
To Outtalk, v. a. [out and talk.] To over-power by talk.
This gentleman will out-talk us all. Shakefpeare.
To Out-va'lue. v. a. [out and value.] To tranfcend in price.
He gives us in this life an earneft of expedfed joys, that
out-values and tranfcends all thofe momentary pleafures it
requires us to forfake. - Boyle.
To Outve'nom. v. a. [out and venom.] To exceed in poifon.
’Tis flander;
Whofe edge is {harper than the fword, whofe tongue
Out-venoms all the worms of Nile. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To Outvi'e. v. a. [out and vie.] To exceed; to furpafs.
For folded flocks, on fruitful plains.
Fair Britain all the world outvies. Dryden.
The farmers ufed to make gratias to the Englilh mer¬
chants, endeavouring fometimes to out-vie one another in
fuch indulgences. Addifon.
One of thefe petty fovereigns will be {till endeavouring
to equal the pomp of greater princes, as well as to out-vie
thofe of his own rank. Addifon.
To Out-vi'llain. v. a. [out and villain.] , To exceed in
villainy.
He hath out-villain d villainy fo far, that the rarity redeems
him. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
To Outvoi'ce. v. a. [out and voice.] To out-roar; to ex¬
ceed in clamour.
The Englilh beach
Pales in the flood with men, with wives and boys,
Whofe Ihouts and claps out-voice the deep-mouth’d fea. Sha.
To Outvo'te. v. a. [out and vote.] To conquer by plura¬
lity of fuffrages.
They were out-voted by other fedts of philofophers, neither
for fame, nor number lefs than themfelves. South.
To Outwalk, [out znA walk.] To leave one in walking.
Outwa'll. n. f. [out and wall.]
1. Outward part of a building.
2. Superficial appearance.
For confirmation that I am much more
Than my out-wall, open this purfe and take
What it contains. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Ou'tward. adj. [utpeajib, Saxon.]
1. External: oppofed to inward.
If thefe {hews be not outward, which of you
But is four Volfcians ? Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Oh what may man within him hide.
Though angel on the outward fide ! Shakefp.
He took a low’ring leave; but who can tell
What outward hate might inward love conceal ? Dryden.
2. Extrinfick; adventitious.
Princes have their titles for their glories,
An outward honour, for an inward toil. Shakefp.
Part in peace, and having mourn’d your fin
For outward Eden loft, find paradife within. Dtrydeni
3. Foreign, not inteftine.
It was intended to raife an outward war to join with fome
fedition within doors. Hayward.
4. Tending to the out-parts.
The fire will force its outward way,
Or, in the prifon pent, confume the prey. Dryden.
5. [In theology.] Carnal ; corporeal; not fpiritual.
When the foul being inwardly moved to lift itfelf up by
prayer, the outward man is furprized in fome other pofture ;
God will rather look to the inward motions of the mind,
than to the outward form of the body. Duppa.
Ou'tward. n.f External form.
I do not think
So fair an outward, and fuch ftufF within,
Endows a man but him. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Ou'tward. adv.
1. To foreign parts. As a {hip outward bound.
2. To the outer parts.
Outwardly, adv. [from outward.]
1. Externally: oppofed to inwardly.
That which inwardly each man fhould be, the church
outwardly ought to teftify. Hooker, b. v. f. 6.
Griev’d with difgrace, remaining in their fears :
However feeming outwardly content.
Yet th’ inward touch their wounded honour bears. Daniel.
2. In appearance not fincerely.
Many wicked men are often touched with fome inward
reverence for that goodnefs which they cannot be perfuaded
to praeftife ; nay, which they outwardly feem to defpife. Sprat.
Ou twards, adv. Towards the out-parts.
Do not black bodies conceive heat more eafily from light
than thofe of other colours do, by reafon that the light fall¬
ing on them is not reflected outwards, but enters the bodies,
and is often refledled and refradled within them until it be
ftifled and loft ? Newton*s Opticks.
To Outwea'r. v. a. [out and wear.] To pafs tedioufly.
By the ftream, if I the night out-wear,
Thus fpent already how fhal) nature bear C
The dews defeending and nodtumal air. Pope, j
To Outwee'd. v. a. [out and weed.] To extirpate as a
weed.
Wrath is a fire, and jealoufy a weed ;
The fparks foon quench, the Springing weed out-weed,
Spenf.
To Outwei'gh. v. a. [out and weigh.]
1. To exceed in gravity.
Thefe inftruments require fo much ftrength for the fupporting of the weight to be moved, as may be equal unto it,
„ befides that other fuper-added power whereby it is out-weighed
and moved. Wilkins's Math. Mag.
2. To preponderate ; to excel in value or influence.
If any think brave death out-weighs bad life,
Let him exprefs his difpofition. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
All your care is for your prince I fee,
Your truth to him out-weighs your love to me. Dryden.
Whenever he finds the hardship of his flavery out-weigh
the value of his life, it is in his power, by refilling the will
of his mafter, to draw on himfelf the death he defires. Locke.
The marriage of the clergy is attended with the poverty
of fome of them, which is balanced and out-weighed by
many Angle advantages. Atterbury.
To Outwe'll, v. a. [out and well.] To pour out.
As when old father Nilus ’gins to fvvell,
With timely pride about the .Egyptian vale.
His fattie waves do fertile {line out-well,
And overflow each plain and lowly dale. Fa. Queen.
To Ou'twit. v. a. [out and wit.] To cheat; to overcome
by ftratagem.
A fox may be out-witted, and a hare out-ftript. L'EJl.
The truer hearted any man is, the more liable he is to
be impofed on ; and then the world calls it out-witting a man,
when he is only out-knaved. L'EJirange.
Nothing is more equal in juftice, and indeed more na¬
tural in the diredl confequence of effects and caufes, than
for men wickedly wife to out-wit themfelves; and for fuch
as wreftle with providence, to trip up their own heels. South.
After the death of Craflus, Pompey found himfelf out¬
witted by Caefar and broke with him. Dryden.
Ou'twork. n.f. [out and work.] The parts of a fortification
next the enemy.
Take care of our out-work, the navy royal, which are the
walls of the kingdom ; and every great fhip is an impregnable
fort; and our many fafe and commodious ports as the re¬
doubts to fecure them. BaconDeath hath taken in the out-works,
And now aflails the fort; I feel, I feel him
Gnawing my heart-ftrings. Denham.
Outworn, part, [from out-wear,] Confumed or deftroyed
by ufe. '
Better at home lie bed-rid, idle,
Inglorious, unemploy’d, with age out-worn. Milton.
18 Z To
I
OWN O X
To OutwreVt. v.a. [out and wrejld] To extort by violence.
The growing anguifh
Rankled fo fore and fefter’d inwardly,
Till that the truth thereof I did out-wrejl. Fa. Queen.
Outwrou'ght. part. [out and wrought.] Out-done ; ex¬
ceeded in efficacy.
In your violent aCts,
The fall of torrents and the noife of tempefts,
The boyling of Carybdis, the fea’s wildnefs.
The eating force of flames, and wings of winds,
Be all out-wrought by your tranfeendent furies. B. John/.
To Outwo rth. v. a. [out and wfirth.] To excel in value*
A beggar’s book
Out-worths a noble’s blood. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
To Owe. v. a. [eg aa, I owe, or I ought, Iflandick.j
1. To be obliged to pay; to be indebted.
I owe you much, and, like a witlefs youth.
That which I owe is loft. Shakefp. Merck, of Ven.
Let none feek needlefs caufes to approve
The faith they owe. Milt. Par. Loft, b. ix.
All your parts of pious duty done.
You owe your Ormond nothing but a fon. Dryden.
Thou haft deferv’d more love than I can fhow,
But ’tis thy fate to give, and mine to owe. Dryden.
If, upon the general balance of trade, Englifh merchants
owe to foreigners one hundred thoufand pounds, if commo¬
dities do not, our money muft go out to pay it. Locke.
2. To be obliged to aferibe ; to be obliged for.
By me upheld, that he may know how frail
His fall’n condition is, and to me owe
All his deliv’rance, and to none but me. Milton.
3. To have from any thing as the confequence of a caufe.
O deem thy fall not ow'd to man’s decree,
Jove hated Greece, and punifh’d Greece in thee. Pope.
4. To poffefs ; to be the right owner of. For owe, which is, in
this fenfe, obfolete, we now ufe own.
Thou doft here ufurp
The name thou ow'Ji not, and haft put thyfelf
Upon this ifland as a fpy. Shakefp. Fempefl.
Fate, ftiew thy foroe ; ourfelves we do not owe;
What is decreed muft be ; and be this fo. Shakefp.
Not poppy nor mandragora,
Nor all the drowfy lirups of the world.
Shall ever med’eine thee to that fweet fleep
Which thou owed'Jl yefterday. Shakefp. Othello.
If any happy eye
This roving wanton fhall defery,
Let the finder furely know
Mine is the wag ; ’tis I that owe
The winged wand’rer. Crajhaw.
5. A praCtice has long prevailed among writers, to uk owing,
the aCfive participle of owe, in a paffive fenfe, for owed or
due. Of this impropriety Bolinbroke was aware, and, having
no quick fenfe of the force of Englifh words, has ufed due,
in the fenfe of confequence or imputation, whiqh by other
writers is only ufed of debt. We fay, the money is due to
me ; Bolinbroke fays, the effeCt is due to the caufe.
6. Confequential.
This was owing to an indifference to the pleafures of life,
and an averfion to the pomps of it. Atterbury.
7. Due as a debt.
You are both too bold ;
I’ll teach you all what’s owing to your queen. Dryden.
The debt, owing from one country to the other, cannot
be paid without real effects fent thither to that value. Locke.
8. Imputable to, as an agent.
If we eftimate things, what in them is owing to nature,
and what to labour, we fhall find in moft of them
be on the account of labour.
The cuftom of particular impeachments was not
any more than that of ftruggles between nobles and com¬
mons, the ruin of Greece was owing to the former, as that
of Rome was to the latter. Swift.
_,99.
IOO
Locke.
limited
Owl. /
O'wlet. 5
Shakefp. Macbeth.
Shakefp.
n.f [ule, Saxon; hulote, French and Scottifh.] A
bird that flies about in the night and catches mice.
Adder’s fork, and blind worm’s fting,
Lizard’s leg, and owlet's wing
For a charm.
Return to her !
No ! rather I abjure all roofs, and chufe
'l'o be a comrade with the wolf and owl.
’Twas when the dog.-ftar’s unpropitious ray
Smote cv’ry brain, and wither’d every bay ;
Sick was the fun, the owl forfook his bow’r. Dunciad.
O'wler. n.J. One who carries contraband goods. Perhaps
from the neceffity of carrying on an illicit trade fiy night.
By 1 'inning goods, thefe gracelefs owlers gain. Swift.
We underftand by fome owlers, old people die in France.
Tatier, N°. 56.
OWN. n.f. [a5en, Saxon ; eygen, Dutch.]
1. This is a word of no other ufe than as it is added to the
poffeffive pronouns, my, thy, his, our, your, their. It feems
to be a fubftantive; as, my own, my peculiar: but is, In
reality, the participle paffive of the verb owe, in the parti¬
ciple owen or own : rny own; the thing owned by, or belong¬
ing to me.
Inachus in his cave alone,
Wept not another’s Ioffes, but his own. Dryden,
2. It is added generally by way of emphafis or corroboration.
I yet never was forfworn,
Scarcely have coveted what was my own. Shakefp.
Every nation made gods of their own, and put them in
high places. 2 Kings xvii. 29.
For my own fhare one beauty I defign,
Engage your honours that fhe fhall be mine. Dryden.
It is conceit rather than underftanding, if it muft be un¬
der the reftraint of receiving and holding opinions by the
authority of any thing but their own perceived evidence. Locke,
Will fhe thy linen wafh, or hofen darn.
And knit thee gloves made of her own fpun yarn. ‘ Gay.
Paffion and pride were to her foul unknown.
Convinc’d that virtue only is our own. Pope,
3. Sometimes it is added to note oppofition or contradiftin&ion ;
domeftick; not foreign; mine, his, or yours; not another’s.
Thefe toils abroad, thefe tumults with his oivn.
Fell in the revolution of one year. Daniel.
There’s nothing fillier than a crafty knave out-witted, and
beaten at his own play. L'Ejlrange.
To Own. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To acknowledge ; to avow for one’s own.
When you come, find me out,
And own me for your fon. Dryden's Cleojnenes.
2. To poffefs ; to claim ; to hold by right.
Tell me, ye Trojans, for that name you own ;
Nor is your courfe upon our coafts unknown. Dryden.
Others on earth o’er human race prefide,
Of thefe the chief, the care of nations own.
And guard with arms divine the Britifh throne. Pope.
3. To avow.
I’ll venture out alone,
Since you, fair princefs, my protection own. Dryden.
4. Toconfefs; not to deny.
Make this truth fo evident, that thofe who are unwilling
to own it may yet be afhamed to deny it. Tillotfon.
Others will own their weaknefs of underftanding-. Locke.
Ownership, n.f. [from owner.] Property ; rightful poffeffion.
In a real adtion, the proximate caufe is the property or
ownerfldp of the thing in controverfy. Ayliffe's Par.
O'wner. n. f. [from own.] One to whom any thing belongs ;
matter; rightful poffeffor.
A bark
Stays but till her owner comes aboard.
Is it not enough to break into my garden.
Climbing my walls in fpight of me the owner,
But thou wilt brave me.
Here fhew favour, becaufe it happeneth that
hath incurred the forfeiture of eight years profit of his lands,
before he cometh to the knowledge of the procefs againft
him. Bacon.
They intend advantage of my labours.
With no fmall profit daily to my owners. Milton.
Thefe wait the owners laft defpair.
And what’s permitted to the flames invade. Dryden.
A freehold, though but in ice and (how, will make the
owner pleafed in the poffeffion, and ftout in the defence of it.
Addifan's Freeholder, N°. 1.
That fmall mufcle draws the nofe upwards, when it expreffes the contempt which the owner of it has upon feeing
any thing he does not like. Addifons Spectator.
Victory hath not made us infolent, nor have we taken
advantage to gain any thing beyond the honour of reftoring
everyone’s right to their juft owners. Atterbury.
What is this wit, which muft our cares employ ?
The owner's wife, that other men enjoy. Pope.
Owre. n.f. [urusjubatus, Lat.] A beaft. Ainfvorth.
Ox. n.f. plur. Oxen, [oxa, Saxon; oxe, Danifh.]
1. The general name for black cattle.
The black ox hath not trod on his foot. Camden.
Sheep run not half fo tim’rous from the wolf,
Or horfe or oxen from the leopard.
As you fly from your oft-fubdued Haves. Shakefp.
I faw the river Clitumnus, celebrated by the poets for
making cattle white that drink of it. The inhabitants of
that country have ftill the fame opinion, and have a great
many oxen of a whitilh colour to confirm them in it. Addif,
2. A caftrated bull.
The horns of oxen and cows are larger than the bulls;
which is caufed by abundance of moifture. Bacon.
Although there be naturally more males than females,
yet artificially, that is, by making geldings, oxen and wea¬
thers, there are fewer. Graunt.
The field is fpacious I defign to fow.
With oxen far unfit to draw the plough. Dryden.
The
Shakefp.
Shakefp.
the owner
O Y E
The frowning bull
And ox half-rais’d. ThomforCs Summer.
Oxba'ne. n.f. A plant. Ainfworth.
O'xeye. n.f. [Bupbthalmus.] The whole face of the plant is
like tanfy; the flowers are radiated, and the mod part pro¬
duced Amply ; the flowers of the difk are feparatcd with a<1
imbricated little leaf. Miller.
(Wang of Land. n.f. Twenty acres. Ainfwortb.
Oxhe'al. n.f. A plant. Ainfworth.
O'xfly. n.f. [ox andyfy.] A fly of a particular kind.
Oxli'p. n.f. The fame with cowfip ; a vernal flower.
A bank whereon the wild thyme blows,
Where oxlip and the nodding violet grows. Sbakefp.
Oxsta'll. n.f [ox andfall.] A Hand for oxen.
Oxtongue, n. f. A plant. Ainfwortb.
O'xycrate. n.f. [o£ux£«1ov, oxycrat, Fr. c£uf and xspocu.]
A mixture of water and vinegar.
Apply a mixture of the fame powder, with a comprefs
preft out of oxycrate, and a fuitable bandage. Wifeman.
O xymel. n. f. [o£up,gA», o£uV, andjWfAi.J A mixture of vi¬
negar and honey.
In fevers, the aliments prefcribed by Hippocrates, were
ptifans and decoCtions of fome vegetables, with oxypiel or
the mixture of honey and vinegar. Arbuthnot.
Oxymo'ron. n.f. [o£v/j.upov.] A rhetorical figure, in which
an epithet of a quite contrary fignification is added to any
word. •
OxY'RRttODiNE. n.f. [o^uppod'ivov, o£u? and pb$ov.] A mix¬
ture of two parts of oil of rofes with one of vinegar of rofes.
The fpirits, opiates, and cool things, readily compofe
oxyrrhodines. Floyer on the Humours.
O'yer. n.f. [oyer^ old French, to hear.] A court of oyer and
terminer, is a judicature where caufes are heard and deter¬
mined.
Oye s. n.f. [oyez, hear ye, French.] Is the introduction to
any proclamation or advertifement given by the publick criers
both in England and Scotland. It is thrice repeated.
o z o
Fairies, black, grey, green, and whitd*
Attend your office and your quality.
Crier hobgoblin make the fairy Oyest
O yes / if any happy eye
Sbakefp
This roving wanton fhall defcry;
Let the finder furely know
Mine is the Wag. Crafhau>»
Oy'lethole. n.f Sec Oylet. [It may be written oyl<tt
from oeillet, French j but eylet feems better.]
Diftinguifh’d flafhes deck the great.
As each excels in birth or flate j
His oyletholes are more and ampler.
The king’s own body was a famplar. Prior,
O'yster. n.f [oejler^ Dutch ; huitre,Fr.:] A bivalve teflaceous fifh.
I will not lend thee a penny-^-
—Why then the world’s mine oyfler which
I with fword will open. Sbakefp. Merr. TV. of Wind,\
Rich honefty dwells like your mifer, fir, in a poor houfe ;
as your pearl in your foul oyfler. Sbakefp.
Another mafs held a kind of oyfler fhell, and other bivalves.
Woodward on FoJJils.
There may be as many ranks of beings in the invilible
world fuperior to us, as we are fuperior to all the ranks of
being in this vifible world ; though we defcend below the
oyfler to the leafl animated atoms difcovered by microfcopes.
Watts's lmprov. of the Mind.
Where oyfer tubs in rows
Are rang’d befide the polls, there flay thy hafle. Gay.
CXysterwench. \n.f. [oyfer and wench, or woman.] A
O'ysterwoman. ) woman whofe bufinefs is to fell oyflers.
Proverbially. A low woman.
Off goes his bonnet to an oyferwench. Shakefp.
The oyfertvomen lock’d their fifh up.
And trudg’d away to cry no bifhop. Hudibras.
Oz;e'na. n.f. [ofocu/a, from ofu ; ozenr, Fr.] An ulcer in
the infide of the noflrils that gives an ill flench. Quincy,
\
P.
«
p.
P A C P A C
Pis a labial confonant, formed by a flight compreflion of
the anterior part of the lips ; as, pull, pelt. Itis con¬
founded by the Germans and Welfh with b: it has an
uniform found : it is fometimes mute before t; as, accompt, receipt ; but the mute p is in modern orthogra¬
phy commonly omitted.
Pa'bular. adj. [pabulun, Lat.] Affording aliment or provender.
Pabula'tion. n.f. [pabulum, Lat,] The a£t of feeding or
procuring provender.
Pa'bulous. adj. [pabulum, Lat.] Alimental; affording ali¬
ment.
We doubt the air is the pabulous fupply of fire, much lefs
that flame is properly air kindled. Brown’s Vulgar Err.
PACE. n.f. [pas, French.]
I.Step j Angle movement in walking.
Behind her death,
Clofe following pace for pace, not mounted yet
On his pale horfe. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. x.
2.Gait; manner of walk.
He himfelf went but a kind of languilhing pace, with his
eyes fometimes caff: up to heaven, as though his fancies
ftrove to mount higher. Sidney.
He faw Menalcas come with heavy pace;
Wet were his eyes, and chearlefs was his face. Addifon.
3.Degree of celerity. To keep pace, is not to be left behind.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow.
Creeps in this petty pace from day to-day.
To the laft fyllable of recorded time;
And all our yefterdays have lighted fools
The way to dufky death. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Bring me word
How the world goes, that to the pace of it
I mayTpur on my journey. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
His teachers were fain to reftrain his forwardnefs; that his
brothers, under the fame training, might hold pace with him.
Wotton's Buckingham.
The beggar fings ev’n when he fees the place,
Befet with thieves, and never mends his pace. Dryden.
Juft as much
He mended pace upon the touch. Hudibras, p. i.
Marcia could anfwer thee in fighs, keep pace
With all thy woes, and count out tear for tear. Addifon.
Hudibras applied his fpur to one fide of his horfe, as not
doubting but the other would keep pace with it. Addifon.
4.Step ; gradation of bufinefs. A gallicifm.
The firft pace neceffary for his majefty to make, is to- fall
into confidence with Spain. Temple.
5.A meafure of five feet. The quantity fuppofed to be meafured by the foot from the place where it is taken up to that
where it is fet down.
Meafuring land by walking over it, they ftyled a double
ftep; i. e. the fpace from the elevation of one foot, to the
fame foot fet down again, mediated by a ftep of the other
foot; a pace equal to five foot; a thoufand of which paces
made a mile. Holder on Time.
The violence of tempefts never moves the fea above fix
paces deep. Wilkin's Math. Magic.
6. A particular movement which horfes are taught, though fome
have it naturally, made by lifting the legs on the fame fide
together.
They rode, but authors having not
Determin’d whether pace or trot;
"1 hat’s to fay, whether tollutation,
As they do term it, or fuccuffation. Hudibras.
To Pace. v. n, [from the noun.]
I.To move on flovvly.
He foft arrived on the graffle plain,
And fail ly paced forth with eafy pain. Hubberd.
As wc pac'd along
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches,
MethoUght, that Glofter ftumbl’d. Shakefp. R. HI.
I beheld
Ciifpinus, both in birth and manners vile.
Facing in pomp with cloak of Tyrian dye.
Chang’d oft a day. Dryden's Juvenal.
The moon rofe in the cleareft Iky I ever faw, by whofe
folemn light I paced on flowly without interruption. Pope.
The nymph, obedient to divine command,
To feek Ulyffes, pac'd along the fand. Pope.
2. To move.
Remember well, with fpeed fo pace,
To fpeak of Perdita. Shakefp. IVinter's Tale.
3. [Ufed of horfes.] To move by railing the legs on the fame
fide together.
To Pace. v. a.
1. To meafure by fteps.
Where is the horfe that doth untread again
His tedious meafures with th’ unbated fire,
That he did pace them firft. Shakefp. Merch. of Ven.
2. To diretft to go.
If you can, pace your wifdom
In that good path that I would wilh it go.
And you fhall have your bofom bn this wretch. Shakefp.
Pa'ced. adj. [from pace.] Having a particular gait.
Revenge is lure, though fometimes flowly pac’d;
Awake, awake, or fleeping fleep thy laft. Dryden,
Pa'cer. n.f. [from pace.] He that paces.
Pacification, n. f. [pacification, Fr. from pacify.]
1. The adt of making peace.
He fent forthwith to the French king his chaplain, chufing
him becaufe he was a churchman, as belt forting with an
ambafly of pacification. Bacon's Hen. VII.
David, by an happy and feafonable pacification, was took
off from acting that bloody tragedy. South.
2. The adt of appeafing or pacifying.
A world was to be faved by a pacification of wrath, through
the dignity of that facrifice which fhould be offered. . Hooker.
Pacifica'tor. n. f. [pacificateur,¥r. frompacify.] Peace-maker.
He fet and kept on foot a continual treaty of peace ; befides he had in confideration the bearing the bleffed perfon of
a pacificator. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Pacificatory, adj. [from pacificator.] Tending to make
peace.
Paci'fick. adj. [pacifique, Fr. padficus, Lat.] Peace-making;
mild ; gentle ; appeafing.
God now in his gracious pacifick manner comes to treat
with them. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Returning, in his bill
An olive leaf he brings, pacifick fign ! Milton.
Paci'fier. n.f. [from pacify.] One who pacifies.
To PA'CIFY. V. a. [pacifier, Fr. pacifio, Lat.] Toappeafe;
to ftill refentment; to quiet an angry perfon; to compofe any
delire.
While the dog hunted in the river, he had withdrawn to
pacify with fleep his over-watched eyes. Sidney, b. ii.
Menelaus promifed Ptolemy money, if he would'pacify
the king. 2 MaCm iv> 45_
The moft high is not pacified for fin by the multitude of
^aCA^u.eS’ • Ecclus xxxiv; 19.
Although in his journey he heard news of the vidtoiy, yet
he went on as far as York, to pacify and fettle thofe countries.
. < Bacon's Henry VII.
O villain ! to have wit at will upon all other occalions,
and not one diverting fyllable now at a pinch to pacify our
miftrefs. L'Ejtrange.
Nor William’s pow’r, nor Mary’s charms
Could or repel, or pacify his arms. Prior,
PACK. n.f. [pack, Dutch.]
I. A large bundle of any thing tied up for carriage.
Themiftocles faid to the king of Perfia, that fpeech was
like cloth of Arras, opened and put abroad, whereby the
imagery appears in figures ; whereas in thoughts they lie but
as in packs. Bacon, EJfays 28.
Had fly Ulyffes at the fack
Of Troy, brought thee his pedlar’s/w£. Cleaveland.
Our knight did bear no lefs a pack
Of his own buttocks on his back. Hudibras, p. i.
,4 2. A buiden;
P A C
2. A burden ; a load.
I rather chofe
To crofs my friend in his intended drift.
Than bv concealing it, heap on your head
A pack of forrows. Shakefp. Merch. of Ven.
But when they took notice how ftupid a beaft it was, they
loaded it with packs and burdens, and fet boys upon the
back of it. UEJirange.
- A due number.of cards.
*5* Women to cards maybe compar’d, we play
A round or two, when us’d we throw away.
Take a frefli pack. Granville.
It is wonderful to fee perfons of fenfe palling away a dozen
hours together in fhuffling and dividing a pack of cards. Addif.
4. A number of hounds hunting together.
Two ghofts join theirpacks to hunt her o’er the plain. Dryd.
The fury fires the pack ; they fnuff, they vent.
And feed their hungry noftrils with the feent. Dryden.
The favage foul of game is up at once.
The pack full-opening various. Thomfon’s Summer.
5. A number of people confederated in any bad defign or
practice.
You panderly rafeals ! there’s a knot, a gang, a pack, a
confpiracy, againft me. Shakefp. Mer. IV of Wind.
Never fuch a pack of knaves and villains, as they who
now governed in the parliament. Clarendon.
Blckerftaft is more a man of honour, than to be an
accomplice with a pack of rafeals that walk the ftreets on
nights. Swift.
6. Any great number, as to quantity and preffure: as a pack
or world of troubles. Ainfworth.
To Pack. v. a. [packen, Dutch.]
I. To bind up for carriage.
A poor merchant driven on unknown land.
That had by chance pack'd up his choiceft treafure
In one dear cafket, and fav’d only that. Otway.
Refolv’d for fea, the flaves thy baggage pack*
Each faddled with his burden on his back. Dryden.
What we looked upon as brains, were an heap of ftrange
materials, packed up with wonderful art in the fkull.
Addifon.
2. To fend in a hurry.
He cannot live, I hope, and mud not die.
Till George be pack’d with poft horfe up to heav’n. Shakefp.
3. To fort the cards fo as that the game (hall be iniquitoufly fecured. It is applied to any iniquitous procurement of collufion.
Enos has
Packt cards with Caefar, and falfe play’d. Shakefp.
There be that can pack cards and yet cannot play well; fo
there are fome that are good in canvaffes and factions, that
are otherwife weak men. Bacon’s Ejfays, Nu. 23.
The judge fhalljobb, the bilhop bite the town.
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope.
4. To unite picked perfons in fome bad defign.
When they have pack’d a parliament.
Will once more try th’ expedient:
Who can already mufter friends.
To ferve for members to our ends. Hudibras.
Brutes, called men, in full cry pack’d by the court or
country, run down in the houfe of commons, a deferted
horned beaft of the court. JVycherly.
So many greater fools than they.
Will pack a crowded audience the third day. Southern.
The expected council was dwindling into a conventicle ;
a pack’d aflembly of Italian bilhops, not a free convention of
fathers from all quarters. Atterbury.
To Pack. v. n.
1. To tie up goods.
The marigold, whofe courtier’s face
Ecchoes the fun, and doth unlace
Her at his rife, at his full ftop
Packs and (huts up her gaudy {hop. Cleaveland,
2. To go off in a hurry ; to remove in hafte.
New farmer thinketh each hour a day,
Until the old farmer be packing away. Hufb.
Rogues, hence, avaunt !
Seek fhelter, pack. Shakefp. M. W. of Wind.
The wind no fooner came good, but away pack the gallies
with all the hafte they could. Carew.
A thief kindled his torch at Jupiter’s altar, and then robbed
the temple : as he was packing away with his facrilegious
burden, a voice purfued him. L’EJlrange.
If they had been an hundred more, they had been all fent
packing with the fame anfwer. Stillingfeet.
Pack hence, and from the cover’d benches rife.
This is no place for you. ^ Dryden.
Poor Stella rauft^ oft to town,
From purling ftreams and fountains bubbling,
To Liffy’s {linking tide at Dublin. _ Swift.
3. To concert bad meafures ; to confederate in ill ; to practne
unlawful confederacy or collufion.
PAD
That this fo profitable a merchandize, rifeth not to a
proportionable enhauncement with other lefs beneficial com¬
modities, they impute partly to the eaftern buyers packing,
partly to the owners not venting the lame. Carew.
Go pack with him. Shakefp. Titus Andronicus.
Pa'ck cloath. n.f [pack and cloath.] A cloath in which
goods are tied up.
Pa'cker. n.f [from pack.] One who binds up bales for
carriage.
Pa'cket. n.f. £pacquet, French.] A fmallpack; a mail of
letters.
In the dark
Grop’d I to find out them,
Finger’d their packet, and in fine withdrew. Shakefp.
There paffed continually packets and difpatches between
the two kings. Bacons Henry VII.
Upon your late command
To guard the paffages, and fearch all packets,
This to the prince was intercepted.. Denhatn.
People will wonder how the news could come, efpecially
if the wind be fair when the packet goes over. Swift.
To Pa'cket. v. a. [from the noun.] I o bind up in parcels.
My refolution is to fend you all your letters, well fealed
and packeted. Swift.
Pa'ckhorse. n.f. [pack and horfe.] A horfe of burden ; a
horfe employed in carrying goods.
Ere you were queen, ay, or your hufband king,
I was a packhorfe in his great affairs. Shakefp.
It is not to be expeefted that a man, who drudges on in a
laborious trade, fhould be more knowing in the variety of
things done in the world, than a packhorfe who is driven conftantly forwards and backwards to market, lhould be {killed
in the geography of the country; Locke.
Pa'cksaddle. n.f. [pack and Jaddle.] A faddle on which
burdens are laid.
Your beards deferve not fo honourable a grave as to fluff
a butcher’s cufhion, or to be entombed in an affes packfaddlc.
Shakefpeare’s Conolanus.
That brave prancing courfer, hath been fo broken and
brought low by her, that he will patiently take the bit and
bear a packfaddle or panniers. Howel’s. Vical Forefl.
The bunch on a camel’s back may be inftead of a packfaddle
to receive the burthen. More’s Antidote againjl Atheifn.
Packthread, n.f. [pack and thread.] Strong thread ufed
in tying up parcels.
About his {helves
Remnants of packthread, and old cakes of rofes
Were thinly fcatter’d. Shakefp. Rom. and Juliet.
Girding of the body of the tree about with packthread,
reftraineth the fap. Bacon’s Nat. Hiji. N°. 419.
I can compare fuch productions to nothing but rich pieces
of patchwork, fewed together with packthread. . Felton.
His horfe is vicious, for which reafon I tie him clofe to
his manger with a packthread. Addifon s Spectator.
The cable was about as thick as packthread. Swift.
Pa'ckwax. n.f.
Several parts peculiar to brutes, are wanting in man ; as the
ftrong aponeurofes on the fides of the neck, called packwax.
Ray on the Creation.
Pact. n.f. [padi, Fr. padium, Latin.] A contract j a bar¬
gain ; a covenant.
The queen, contrary to her padi and agreement concern¬
ing the marriage of her daughter, delivered her daughters out
of fantuary unto king Richard. _ Bacon.
Pa'ction. n. f. [paction, Fr. padlio, Latin.] A bargain ; a
covenant.
The French king fent for Matthew earl of Levenox, en¬
couraging him to remove the earl of Arraine from the re¬
gency of Scotland, and reverfe fuch padlions as he had made.
Hayward.
There never could be any room for contrats or pathions,
between the fupreme being and his intelligent creatures. Cheyne.
Pacti'tious. n.f. [padlio, Lat.] Settled by covenant.
PAD. n.f [from paab, Sax. whence likewife path, or paaS.]
1. The road ; a foot path.
We have feen this to be the difeipline of the ftate, as
well as of the pad. L Ejlrange.
The fquire of the pad and the knight of the polt,
Find their pains no more baulk’d, and their hopes no more
croft. Prior.
2. An eafy paced horfe.
Let him walk a foot with his pad in his hand ; but let not
them be accounted no poets who mount and {hew their horlemanfhip. Dryden’s Dcd. to Juvenal. -
A grey pad is kept in the ftable with great care, out of
regard to his paft fervices: Addifon.
I would have fet you on an eafier pad, and relieved the wan¬
dering knight with a night’s lodging. Pope’s Letters.
3. A robber that infefts the roads on foot.
4. A low foft faddleproperly a faddle or bolfter fluffed with
itraw. [Pa]ado, Spanifh, ofpaja, ftraw.
19 A Tremellius
9
PAG
T remellius was called fcropha or fow, becaufe he hid his
neighbour’s fow under a pad, and commanded his wife to lie
thereon ; he fware that he had no fow but the great fow that
lay there, pointing to the pad and the fow his wife. Camden.
We (hall not need to fay what lack
Of leather was upon his back ;
For that was hidden under pad. Hudibras, p, i.
To Pad. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To travel gently.
2. To rob on foot.
3. To beat a way fmooth and level.
Pa'dar. n.f Grouts; coarfe flower.
In the bolting and fifting of near fourteen years of fuch
power and favour, all that came out could not be expected
to be pure and fine meal, but muft have amongft it padar and
bran in this lower age of human fragility. Wotton.
Pa'dder. n.f. [from pad.'] A robber ; a foot highwayman.
Spurr’d as jockies ufe, to break,
Or padders to fecure a neck. Hud. p. ill. cant. 1.
Worfe than all the clatt’ring tiles, and worfe
Than thoufand padders, is the poet’s curfe ;
Rogues that in dog days cannot rhime forbear ;
But without mercy read, to make you hear. Dryden.
If he advanced himfelf by a voluntary engaging in unjuft
quarrels, he has no better pretence to honour than what a
refolute and fuccefsful padder may challenge. Collier.
To Pa'ddle. v. n. [patoutlier, Fr.]
1. To row ; to beat water as with oars.
As the men were paddling for their lives. VEJlrange.
Paddling ducks the ftanding lake defire. Gay.
2. To play in the water.
The brain has a very unpromifing afpedt for thinking: it
looks like an odd fort of bog for fancy to paddle in. Collier.
A wolf lapping at the head of a fountain, fpyed a lamb
paddling a good way oft'. * VEJlrange.
3. To finger.
Paddling palms, and pinching fingers.
And making practis'd fmiles,
As in a looking-glafs. Shakefp. Winter’s Pale.
Pa'ddle. n.f. [pattal, Welfh.]
1. An oar, particularly that which is ufed by a fingle rower in
a boat.
2. Any thing broad like the end of an oar.
Have a paddle upon thy weapon. Deut. xxiii. 13.
Pa'ddler. n.f. [from paddle.'] One who paddles. A'inf
Pa'ddock. n.f. [paba, Saxon; padde, Dutch.] A great frog
or toad.
. Where I was wont to feek the honey bee,
Working her former rooms in waxen frame;
The grifiy toad ftool grown there mought I fee.
And loathing paddocks lording on the fame. Spenfer.
The paddock, or frog paddock, breeds on the land, is
bony and big, efpecially the fhe. Walton.
The water fnake whom fifh and paddocks Fed,
With ftaring fcales lies poifon’d. Dryden.
Pa'ddock. n.f. [corrupted from parrack.] A fmall inclofure
for deer.
Padeli'on. n.f [pas de lion, Fr. pes leonis, Lat.] An herb. Ain:
PA'DLOCK. n.f. [padde, Dutch.] A lock hung on a ftaple
to hold on a link.
Let all her ways be unconfin’d ;
And clap your padlock on her mind. Prior.
To Pa'dlock. v. a. [from the noun.] To fallen with a
padlock.
Some illiterate people have padlock'd all thofe pens that were
to celebrate their heroes, by filencing grub-ftreet. J. Bull.
Pa'dowpipe. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
P_ffi'AN. n.f [from the fongs fung at feftivals to Apollo, begining Io pcean.'] A fong of triumph.
O may I live to hail the glorious day,
And fing loud pesans thro’ the crouded way. Rofcotnm.
See from each clime the learn’d their incenfe bring :
Hear, in all tongues confenting pecans ring. Pope:
PA'GAN. n.f [pajamyc, Saxon; paganus, Latin ; from pagus, a village; the villages continuing heathen after the cities
were chriftian.] A Heathen ; one not a Chriftian.
Pa'gan. adj. Heathenifh.
Their cloaths are after fuch a pagan cut too,
That fure they have worn out Chriftendom. Shakefp.
The fecret ceremonies I conceal,
Uncouth, perhaps unlawful, to reveal;
But fuch they were as Pagan ufe requir'd. Dryden.
Pa'ganism. n.f. [paganifm, Yv.irom paganj Heathenifm.
The name of popery is more odious than very paganifm
amongft divers of the more fimple fort. Hooker, b. iv.
^arum> in a ftate of paganifm you have on a coin
n 1t' lben“s; ^ fonds between two other enfigns. Addif.
PAGL. n.f [page, French.] 6 J
I. One fide of the leaf of a book.
If a man could have opened one of the pages of the di¬
vine counlel, and feen the event of Jofeph’s being fold to the
merchants, he might have dried up the young man’s tears.
. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
P A I
Thy name to Phoebus and the mufes known,
Shall in the front of ev’ry page be fhown. Dryden.
A printer divides a book into fheets, the fheets into pages,
the pages into lines, and the lines into letters. Watts.
2. [page, Fr.] A young boy attending on a great perfon.
The fairgoddefs Fortune,
Fall deep in love with thee, and her great charms]
Mifguide thy oppofers fwords!
Prolperity be thy page ! Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Pages following him,
Even at the heels in golden multitudes. Shakefp.
He had two pages of honour, on either hand one. Bacon.
Where is this mankind now ? who lives to age
Fit to be made Methufalem his page. Donne.
This day thou fhalt my rural pages fee.
For I have drefs’d them both to wait on thee. Dryden.
Philip of Maeedon had a page attending in his chamber, to
tell him every morning. Remember, O king, that thou art
mortal. Wake's Prep,for Death.
To Page. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To mark the pages of a book.
2. To attend as a page.
Will thefe mofs’d trees
That have out-1 iv’d the eagle, page thy heels
And fkip when thou point’d: out ? Shakefp.
PA'GEANT. n.f [Of this word the etymologifts give no fatisfacfory account. It may perhaps be payen geemt, a pagan
giant, a reprefentation of triumph ufed at return from holy
wars ; as we have yet the Saracen’s head.]
1. A ftatue in a fhow.
2. Any fhow ; a fpebtacle of entertainment.
When all our pageants of delight were plaid.
Our youth got me to play the woman’s part.
And I was trim’d in madam Julia’s gown. Shakefp.
I’ll play my part in fortune’s pageant. Shakefp.
This wide and univerfal theatre,
Prefents more woful pageants than the feene
Wherein we play. Shakefp. As you like it.
The poets contrived the following pageam or machine for
the pope’s entertainment; a huge floating mountain that was
fplit in the top in imitation of Parnaffus. Addifon.
Pa'geant. adj. Showy; pompous; oftentatious; fuperficiai.
Were fhe ambitious, fhe’d difdain to own
The pageant pomp of fuch a fervile throne. Dryden.
To Pa'geant. v. a. [from the noun.] To exhibit in fhowj
to reprefent.
With ridiculous and aukward adfion.
Which, flanderer, he imitation calls,
He pageants us. Shakefp. Trail, and Crefftda.
Pa'geantry. n.f. [from pageant.'] Pomp; fhow.
All thefe inconveniences are confequent to this dogmatizing;,
fuppofing men in the right; but if they be in the wrong,
what a ridiculous pageantry is it to fee fuch a philofophical
gravity fet man out a folecifm. Governm. of the Tongue,
Such pageantry be to the people fhown ;
There boaft thy horfe’s trappings and thy own. Dryden.
Pa'ginal. n.f. [pagina, Latin.] Confifting of pages.
An expreflion proper into the paginal books of our times,
but not fo agreeable unto volumes or rolling books, in ufe
among the Jews. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Pa'god. n.f. [probably na Indian word.]
1. An Indian idol.
They worfhip idols called pagods, after fuch a terrible re¬
prefentation as we make of devils. Stillingfleet.
2. The temple of the idol.
See thronging millions to the pagod run.
And offer country, parent, wife, or fon. Pope.
Paid. adj. the preterite and participle paflive of pay.
1 his punifhment purfues the unhappy maid,
t And thus the purple hair is dearly paid. Dryden.
Pai'gles. n.f. flowers; alfo called cowflips. Dtil.
Pail. n.f. [paila, Spanifh.] A wooden veffel in which milk
or water is commonly carried.
In the country when their wool is new fhorn, they fet
pails of water by in the fame room, to increafe the weight.
Bacini s Nat. Hijl. Nff 78.
New milk that all the winter never fails.
And all the fummer overflows the pails. Dryden.
Pailful, n.f. [pail andyh//.] The quantity that a pail will
hold.
Yond fame cloud cannot chufc but fall by pailfuls. Shak.
Pailma'il. n.f [This is commonly written peltmell; nor do
I know which of the too is right.] Violent; boifterous.
A ftroke with a pailmail beetle upon a bowl, makes it fly
from it. Digby on the Soul.
Pain. n. f. [peine, Fr. pin. Sax. peena, Lat.J
I. Punifhment denounced.
There the princefles determining to bathe themfelves,
thought it was fo priviledged a place, upon pain of death,
as no body durft prefume to come thither. Sidney, b. ii.
On pain of death no perfon being lo bold.
Or daring hardy, as to touch the lift. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Interpole,
P A I
Intetpofe, on pain of my difpleaiurc.
Betwixt your (words. Dryden's Don SebaJUan.
None (hall prefume to fly under pain of death, with
wiivrs of any other man’s making. Addifon’s Guardian.
2.Penalty; punishment.
Becaufe Eufebius hath yet (aid nothing, we will by way
of muldt or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon.
. Senfation of uneafinefs.
As the pains of the touch are greater than the offences of
the other fenfes ; fo likewife are the pleafures. Bacon,
Pain is perfedl mifery, the worft
Of evils; and exceflive, overturns
All patience. Alilton's Par. Loft, b. vi,
He would believe, but yet is {fill in pain,
Prefles the pulfe, and feels the leaping vein. Dryden,
4.[In the plural,] Labour ; work ; toil.
Many have taken the pains to go out of Europe to refide
as friars in America. Abbot's Defcrip. of the JVorld.
One laboureth and taketh pains, and maketh hafte, and is
fo much the more behind. Bcclus xi. 11.
The pains they had taken, was very great. Clarend.
If philofophy be uncertain, the former will conclude it
vain; and the latter may be in danger of pronouncing the
fame on their pains, who feek it, if after all their labour they
muft reap the wind, mere opinion and conjecture. Glanv,
She needs no weary fteps afcend;
All feems before her feet to bend ;
And here, as the was born fhe lies,
High without taking pains to rife. Waller.
The deaf perfon muft be difcreetly treated, and by pleafant ufage wrought upon, to take fome pains at it, watching
your feafons and taking great care, that he may not hate his
talk, but do it chearfully; Holder.
If health be fuch a bleifing, it may be worth the pains to
difcover the regions where it grows, and the fprings that
feed it. _ Temple.
They called him a thoufand fools for his pains. L'Ejlran.
Some natures the more pains a man takes to reclaim them,
the worfe they are. L'Ejlrange. Fab. 242.
Her nimble feet refufe
Their wonted fpeed, and fhe took pains to lofe. Dryden.
The fame with pains we gain, but lofe with eafe,
Sure fome to vex, but never all to pleafc. Pope,
A reafonable clergyman, if he will be at the pains, can
make the moft ignorant man comprehend what is his duty,
and convince him that he ought to perform it. Swift.
5, Labour ; > talk. The Angular, is, in this fenfe, obfolete.
He foft arrived on the grafly plain.
And fairly paced forth with eafy pain. Hubberd.
Tone paine in a cottage doth take.
When t’other trim bowers do make. Duffer's Hujb.
When of the dew, which th’ eye and ear do take,
From flow’rs abroad and bring into the brain.
She doth within both wax and honey make ;
This work is hers, this is her proper paint Davies.
When a lion fhakes his dreadful mane,
And angry grows, if he that firft took pain
To tame his youth, approach the haughty beaft.
He bends to him, but frights away the reft, Waller.
6. Uneafinefs of mind.
It bid her feel
No future pain for me ; but inftant wed
A lover more proportion’d to her bed. Prior.
The throws of child-birth.
She bowed hcrfelf and travailed; for her pains came upon
her. I Sam. iv. 19.
To Pain. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To affliCt; to torment; to make uneafy.
I am pained at my very heart, becaufe thou haft heard,
O my foul, the found of the trumpet. Jer. iv. 19.
She drops a doubtful word that pains his mind,
And leaves a rankling jealoufy behind. Dryden.
Excefs of cold as well as heat, pains us, becaufe it is
equally deftruClive to that temper which is necelTary to the
prefervation of life. Locke.
Pleafure arofe in thofe very parts of his leg, thatjuft be¬
fore had been fo much pained by the fetter. Addifon.
2. fWith the reciprocal pronoun.] To labour.
Though the lord of the liberty do pain himfclf to yield
equal juftice unto all, yet can there not but great abufes
lurk in ft) abfolute a privilege. Spenfer on Ireland.
He pained hirnfelf to raife his note. Dryden.
Pa'inful. adj. [pain and/«//.]
j. Full of pain; miferable; befet with afflfehon.
Is there yet no other way, befides
Thefe painful paffages, how we may come
To death. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xi.
2. Giving pain; afflictive. _
Evils have been more painful to us in the profpccr, than
by their aClual preflure. Addifon s Spectator.
I am fick of this bad world !
The day light and the fun grow painful to me. Addifon.
6
P A I
Long abftinence may be painful to acid conftitutions, by
the uneafy fenfation it creates in the ftomach. Arlutbnot.
3. Difficult; requiring labour.
The painful fervice,
The extreme dangers, and the drops of blood
Shed for my thanklefs country, are requited
But with that furname. Shakefp. Coriolanut,
When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me.
Pfalm lxxiii. 16.
Surat he took, and thence preventing fame,
By quick and painful marches hither came. Dryden,
Ev’n I, tho’ flow to touch the painful firing,
Awake from (lumber, and attempt to fing. Smith,
4. Induftrious ; laborious.
To drefs the vines new labour is requir’d,
Nor muft the painful hufbandman be tir’d. Dryden.
Great abilities when employed as God dire&s, do but
fnake the owners of them greater and more painful fervants
to their neighbours : however, they are real bleffings when
in the hands of good men. Swift,
Painfu'lly. adv. [from painful.]
1. With great pain or affliction,
2. Laborioufly ; diligently.
Such as fit in eafe at home, raife a benefit out of their
hunger and thirft, that ferve their prince and country pain¬
fully abroad. Raleigh's EJJays.
Robin red-breaft painfully
Did cover them with leaves. Children in the Wood.
Painfu'lness. n. f. [from painful.]
1. Affliction ; forrow; grief.
With diamond in window-glafs fhe graved,
Erona die, and end this ugly painfulnefs. Sidney.
No cuftom can make the painfulnefs of a debauch eafy.
Or pleafing to a man ; fince nothing can be pleafant that is
unnatural. South's Sermons.
2, Induftry ; laborioufnefs.
Painfulnefs, by feeble means fhall be able to gain that
which in the plenty of more forcible inftruments, is through
floth and negligence loft. Hooker, b. v. f 22.
Pai'nim. n.f (payen, French.] Pagan ; infidel.
The crofs hath been a very ancient bearing, even before
the birth of our Saviour, among the Painims themfelves.
Peacham on Blazoning.
Such dire atchieverhents fings the bard that tells
Of palfrey’d dames, bold knights, and magic fpalls ;
Where whole brigades one champion’s arms o’erthrow,
Slay Painims vile that force the fair. Tickel.
Pai'nim. adj. Pagan; infidel.
Champions bold,
Defy’d the beft of Painim chivalry;
To mortal combat, or carriere with lance. Milton.
The Solymean fultan he o’erthrew.
His moony troops returning bravely fmear’d
With Painim blood effus’d. Philips.
Pai'nless. adj. [from pain.] Without pain ; without trouble.
The death's thou fhow’ft are forc’d ;
Is there no fmooth defcent ? no painlefs way
Of kindly mixing with our native clay ? Dryden.
Painsta'kerL. n.f. [pains and take.] Labourer; laborious
perfen.
O Thomas, Thomas, hazard not thy life.
I’ll prove a true painfaker day and night ;
I’ll (pin and card, and keep our children tight. Gay.
Painsta'king. adj. [pains and take.] Laborious; induftrious.
To PAINT, v. a. [peindre, French.]
1. To reprefent by delineation and colours.
Live to be the fhew and gaze o’th’ time,
We’ll have thee as our rarer monfters are,
Painted upon a pole. Shakefp. Macbeth,
2. To cover with colours repfefentative of fomething.
Who fears a fentence or an old man’s law.
Shall by a painted cloth be kept in awe. Shakefp,
3. To reprefent by colours, appearances, or images.
Till we from an author’s words paint his very thoughts in
our minds, we do not underftand him. Locke,
4. Todefcribe; to reprefent.
The lady is difloyal.-
— Difloyal ? —
— The word is too good to paint out her wickednefs. Shm
5. To colour; to diverfify.
Such is his will that paints
The earth with colours frefh.
The darkeft (kies With ftore
Of ftarry lights, Spenfer.
6. To deck with artificial colours.
Hath not old cuftom made this life more fweet
Than that of painted pomp ? are not thefe woods
More free from peril than the court ? Shakefp.
Jezebeel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kitig ix. 30.
To Paint, v. n. To lay colours on the face.
Such a fin to paint. Pope.
Paint.
PAL
Paint. n.f [from the verb.]
1. Colours reprefentative of any thing.
Poets are limners
To copy out ideas in the mind,
Words are the paint by which their thoughts are fhown.
And nature is their object to be drawn. . Granville.
The church of the annunciation looks beautiful in the infide, all but one corner of it being covered with ftatues,
gilding, and paint. Addifon on Italy.
Her charms in breathing paint engage,
Her modeft cheek {hall warm a future age. Pope.
2. Colours laid on the face.
Together lay her pray’r book and her paint. Anon.
Pai'nter. n.f [peintre, Fr. from paint.'] One who profeffes
the art of reprelenting objeCts by colours.
In the placing let fome care be taken how the painter did
Hand in the working. Wotton’s Architecture.
Beauty is only that which makes all things as they are in
their proper and perfeCt nature ; which the beft painters always'chufe by contemplating the forms of each. Dryden.
Pai'nting. n.f. [from paint.]
1. The art of reprefenting objects by delineation and colours.
If painting be acknowledged for an art, it follows that no
arts are without their precepts. Dryden.
’Tis in life as ’tis in painting,
Much may be right, yet much be wanting. Prior.
2. Picture ; the painted refemblance.
This is the very painting of your fear ;
This is the air-drawn dagger which you faid.
Led you to Duncan. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Painting is welcome;
The paintmg is almoft the natural man :
For lince difhonour trafficks with man’s nature.
He is but outfide : pencil’d figures are
Ev’n fuch as they give out. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.'
3. Colours laid on.
If any fuch be here
That love this painting, wherein you fee me fmear’d,
Let him exprefs his difpofition, Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Pai'nture. n. f. [peinture, French.] The art of painting.
A French word.
To the next realm Ihe ftretch’d her fway.
For painture near adjoining lay,
A plenteous province. Dryden.
The Ihow’ry arch
With lifted colours gay, or, azure, gules.
Delights and puzzles the beholders eye.
That views the watry brede with thoufand {hews
Of painture vary’d. Philips.
PAIR. n.f. [paire, Fr. par, Latin.]
1. Two things fuiting one another, as a pair of gloves.
2. A man and wife.
O when meet now,
Such^tfzVs in love and mutual honour join’d ? Milton.
Baucis and Philemon there
Had liv’d long marry’d and a happy pair ;
Now old in love. Dryden.
3. Two of a fort; a couple ; a brace.
All his lovely looks, his pleafing fires,
All his fweet motions, all his taking fmiles,
He does into one pair of eyes convey. Suckling.
The many pairs of nerves branching themfelves to all the
parts of the body, are wonderful to behold. Ray.
To Pair. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To be joined in pairs ; to couple.
Our dance, I pray;
Your hand, my Perdita ; fo turtles pair. Shakefp.
2. To fuit; to fit as a counterpart.
Had our prince feen the hour, he had pair’d
Well with this lord ; there was not a full month
Between their births. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Ethelinda !
My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.
Simple and plain, and fraught with artlefs tendernefs. Rowe.
To Pair. v. a.
1. To join in couples.
Minds are fo hardly match’d, that ev’n the firfl,
Tho’ pair’d by heav’n, in Paradife were curs’d. Dryden.
2. To unite as correfpondent or oppofite.
Turtles and doves with difPring hues unite.
And glofly jet is pair’d with Alining white. Pope.
PA'LACE; n.J. [palais, Fr. palatium, Lat.] Aroyalhoule;
an houfe eminently fplendid.
You forgot.
We with colours fpread.
March’d thro’ the city to the palace gates. Shakefpeare.
Palaces and pyramids do flope
Their heads to their foundations. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The palace yard is fill’d with floating tides,
And the laft comers bear the former to the fidcs. Dryden.
Palaces and fanes, and villas rife. Anon,
PAL
The fun9 bright palace on high columns rais d,
With burning gold and flaming jewels blaz d. ^ Addifon.
And gardens fmile around. Thomfon s hummer.
The old man early role, walk’d forth and late
On polifli’d ftone before his palace gate. ’ Pope.
Pala'cious. adj. [from palace.] Royal; noble ; magnificent.
London encreafes daily, turning of great palacious houfes
into fmall tenements. Graunt’s Bills of Mart.
Pala'nquin. n.f. Is a kind of covered carriage ufed in the
eaftern countries that is fupported on the flioulders of flaves,
and wherein perfons of diltinCtion are carried.
Pa'latable. adj. [from palated\ Guflful ; pleafing to the
tafte.
There is nothing fo difficult as the art of making advice
agreeable. How many devices have been made ufe of to
render this bitter potion palatable. Addifon.
They by th’ alluring odour drawn in hafte.
Fly to the dulcet cates, and crowding fip
Their palatable bane. Philips.
PA'LATE. n.f [palatum, Latin.]
1. The inftrument of tafte.
Let their beds
Be made as foft as yours, and let their palates
Be feafon’d with fuch viands. Shakefp. Merch. of Ven.
Thefe ivory feet were carved into the ftiape of lions ;
without thefe their greateft dainties could not relifh to their
palates. Hakewill on Providence.
Light and colours come in only by the eyes ; all kind of
founds only by the ears; the feveral taftes and fimells by the
• nofe and palate. Locke.
By nerves about our palate plac’d.
She likewife judges of the tafte :
Elfe, difmal thought! our warlike men
Might drink thick port for fine champagne. Prior.
The vulgar boil, the learned roaft an egg ;
Hard tafk to hit the palate of fuch guefts. Pope.
2. Mental relifh; intellectual tafte.
It may be the palate of the foul is indifpofed by liftleflnefs
or forrow. Taylor.
The men of nice palates could not relifh Ariftotle, as dreft:
up by the fchoolmen. Baker on Learning.
Pa'latick. adj. [from palate.] Belonging to the palate; a
roof of the mouth.
The three labials, p. b. m. are parallel to the three gin¬
gival T. d. N. and to the threepalatic k. g. l. Holder.-
Palatine. n.f. [palatin, Fr. from palatinus ofpalatium, Lat.]
One inverted with regal rights and prerogatives.
Many of thofe lords, to whom our kings had granted thofe
petty kingdoms, did exercife jura regalia, infomuch as there
were no lefs than eight counties palatines in Ireland at one
time. Davies on Ireland.
Thefe abfolute palatines made barons and knights, did ex¬
ercife high juftice in all points within their territories. Davies.
Pa'l atine. adj. Poflefling royal privileges.
PALE. adj. [pale, Fr. pallidus, Lat.]
1. Not ruddy ; not frefh of colour; wan; white of look.
Look I fo pale, lord Dorfet, as the reft ?
Ay, my good Lord ; and no man in the prefence ;
But his red colour hath forfook his cheeks. Shakefp.
Was the hope drunk
Wherein you dreft yourfelf; hath it flept fince ?
And wakes it now to look fo green and pale. Shakefp.
Tell pale- hearted fear, it lies;
And fleep in fpite of thunder. Shakefp. Macbeth.
2. Not high coloured; approaching to colourlefs tranfparency.
When the urine turns pale, the patient is in danger. Arbuth.
3. Not bright; not fhining ; faint of luftre ; dim.
The night, methinks, is but the day-light fick.
It looks a little paler. Shakejp. Merch. of Venice.
To Pale. v. a. [from the adjeCtive.] To make pale.
The glow worm fhews the matin to be near.
And ’gins to pale his uneffeCtual fire. Shakefp. Hamlet.
To teach it good and ill, difgrace or fame.
Pale it with rage, or redden it with fhame. Prior.
Pale. n.f. [palus, Latin.]
1. Narrow piece of wood joined above and below to a rail,
to inclofe grounds.
Get up o’th’ rail, I’ll peck you o’er the pales elfe. Shak.
As their example ftill prevails,
She tempts the ftream, or leaps the pales. Prior.
Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer.
2. Any inclofure.
A ceremony, which was then judged very convenient for
the whole church even by the whole, thofe few excepted,
which brake out of the common pale. Hooker, b. iv. f. 13.
Let my due feet never fail
To walk the ftudious cloifter’s pale,
And love the high embowed roof. Ahlton.
He hath propofed a Handing revelation, fo well confirmed
by miracles, that it fhould be needlefs to recur to them lor
the conviction of any man born within the pale of chriftianity.
Atterbury’s Sermons.
Confine
PAL PAL
Confine the thoughts to exercife the breath ;
And keep them in the pale of words till death. Dunciad.
3. Any diitria or territory.
There is no part but the bare Englilh pale, in which the
Irifh have not the greatest footing. Spenfcr.
The lords iuftices put arms into the hands of divers noble¬
men of that religion, within the pale. Clarendon.
4. The pole is the third and middle part of the fcutcheon,
being derived from the chief to the bafe, or nether part of the
' fcutcheon, with tvVo lines. Peacham.
To Pai.e. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To indole .with pales.
The diameter of the hill of twenty foot, may be paled in
with twenty deals of a foot broad. Mart. Hufb.
2. To inclofe ; to encompafs.
Whate’er the ocean pales, or fky inclips,
Is thine. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopat.
The Englilh beach
Pales in the flood with men, with wives and boys. SbaL
Will you pale your head in Henry’s glory,
And rob his temples of the diadem.
Now in his life ? Shakefp. Henry IV.
Pa'leeyed. adj. [pale and eye.] Having eyes dimmed.
No nightly trance, or breathed fpell,
Infpires the paleey’d prieft from the prophetic cell. Milton.
Shrines, where their vigils paleey d virgins keep,
And pitying faints, whole ftatues learn to weep. Pope.
Palefa'ced. adj. [pale andface.] Having the face wan.
Why have they dar’d to march
So many miles upon her peaceful bofom.
Frighting her palefac d villages with war. Shakefp.
Let palefac’d fear keep with the mean born man.
And find no harbour in a royal heart. Shakefp.
PaRely. adv. [frompale.] Wanly; not frefhly ; not ruddily.
PaReness. n.f [from pale.]
1. Wannefs ; want of colour; want of frefhnefs ; fickly whitenefs of look.
Her blood durft not yet come to her face, to take away
the name of palenefs from her moft pure whitenefs. Sidney.
The blood the virgin’s cheek forfook,
A livid palenefs fpreads o’er all her look. Po. Ra. Lock.
2. Want of colour ; want of luftre.
The palenefs of this flow’r
Bewray’d the faintnefs of my mafter’s heart. Shakefp.
PaRendar. n.f. A kind of coafting veflel.
Solyman lent over light horfemen in greatpalendars, which
running all along the fea coal!, carried the people and
the cattle. Knolles's Hi/l. of the Turks.
PaReous. n.f. [palea, Latin.] Hulky; chaffy.
This attraction have we tried in ftraws and paleous bodies.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
PaRette. n. f. [palette, French.] A light board on which
a painter holds his colours when he paints.
Let the ground of the picture be of fuch a mixture, as
there may be fomething in it of every colour that compofes
your work, as it were the contents of your palette. Dryden.
Ere yet thy pencil tries her nicer toils,
Or on thy palette lie the blended oils.
Thy carelefs chalk has half atchiev’d thy art.
And her juft image makes Cleora ftart. Tickell.
When fage Minerva rofe,
From her fweet lips fmooth elocution flows.
Her fkilful hand an iv’ry pallette grac’d,
Where fhining colours were in order plac’d. Gay.
Pa'lfrey. n.f. [palcfroy, French.] A fmall horfe fit for la¬
dies : it is always diftinguifhed in the old books from a war
horfe.
Her wanton palfrey all was overfpread
With tinfel trappings, woven like a wave. Fa. Queen.
The damfel is mounted on a white palfrey, as an emblem
of her innocence. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 99.
The fmiths and armorers on palfreys ride, Dryden.
PaRfreyed. adj. [from palfrey.] Riding on a palfrey.
Such dire atchivements lings the bard that tells,
Of palfrey d dames, bold knights, and magick fpells ;
Where whole brigades one champion’s arms o’erthrow,-
And cleave a giant at a random blow. Tickell.
Palifica'tion. n. f. [palus, Latin.] The act or praCtice
of making ground firm with piles.
I have faid nothing of palification or piling of the groundplot commanded by Vitruvius, when we build upon a moilt
foil. TVotton.
Pa'lindrome. n. f [rrccXM^oyAX, irolXiv and <fyo//,£<o.] A
word or fentence which is the fame read backward or for¬
wards : as, madam; or this fentence, Subi dura a rudibus.
Pa'lInodv. \ [«*»“*»•] A «cantationI, of thy excellence, have oft been told ;
But now my ravilht eyes thy face behold :
Who therefore in this weeping palinod
Abhor myfelf, that have dilpleas’d my God,
In daft and allies mourn. Sandys’s Paraph, on fob.
PALISA'DE. \n.f. [palifade, Fr. palifado, Span, from paiu:,
PALISA'DO. ) Lat.J Pales fet by way ofinclofure or defence.
The Trojans round the place a rampire caft.
And palifades about the trenches plac’d* Dryden.
The wood is ufeful for pallifadoes for fortifications, being
very hard and durable. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
The city is furrounded with a Itrong wall, and that wall
guarded with palifades. Broome’s Notes on the OdyfJ'ey.
To Palisa'de. v. a. [from the noun.] To inclofe with pa-*
lifades.
PaRish. adj. [from pale.] Somewhat pale.
Spirit of nitre makes with copper a palifl) blue ; fpirit of
urine a deep blue. Arbuthnot on Air.
Pall. n.f. [pallium, Latin.]
1. A cloak or mantle of ftate.
With princely pace,
As fair Aurora in her purple pall.
Out of the Eaft the dawning day doth call ;
So forth fhe comes. Fairy Queen, b. i. cant. 4*
Let gorgeous tragedy
In feepter’d pall come fweeping by. Miltons
2. The mantle of an archbifhop.
An archbifhop ought to be confecrated and anointed, and
after confecration he (hall have the pall lent him. Aylijfe.
3. The covering thrown over the dead.
The right fidexof the pall old Egeus kept,
And on the left the royal Thefeus wept. Dryden.
To Pall. v. a. [from the noun.] To cloak; to inveft.
Come thick night
And pall thee in the dunneft fmoak of hell.
That my keen knife fee not the wound it makes. Shakefp.
To Pall. v. n. [Of this word the etymologifts give no reafonable account: perhaps it is only a corruption of pale, and
was applied originally to colours.] To grow vapid ; to be¬
come infipid.
Empty one bottle into another fwiftly, left the drink pall. Bac.
Beauty foon grows familiar to the lover.
Fades in the eye, and palls upon the lenfe. Addifon.
To Pall. v. a.
1. To make infipid or vapid.
Reafon and reflection, reprefenting perpetually to the mind
the meannefs of all fenfual gratifications, blunt the edge of
his keeneft defires, and pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury.
Wit, like wine, from happier climates brought,
Dafh’d by thefe rogues, turns Englilh common draught,
They pall Moliere’s and Lopez’ fprightly ftrain. Swift.
2. To impair fpritelinefs ; to difpirit.
A miracle
Their joy with unexpected forrow pall’d. Dryden.
Ungrateful man,
Bafe, barbarous man, the more we raife our love
The more we/ifl//, and cool, and kill his ardour. Dryden,
3. To weaken ; to impair.
For this,
I’ll never follow thy pall’d fortunes more. Shakefp.
4. To cloy.
Palled appetite is humorous, and muft be gratified wfth
fauces rather than food. Tatler, N°. 54.
PaRlet. n.f. [paillct, in Chaucer, which was probably the
French word from paille, ftraw, and fecondarily, a bed.]
1. A fmall bed ; a mean bed.
Why rather, fleep, lieft thou in fmoaky cribs.
Upon uneafy pallets ftretching thee,
And hufht with buzzing night flies to thy flumber ;
Than in the perfum’d chambers of the great,
• Under the canopies of coftly ftate,
And lull’d with founds of fweeteft melody ? Shakefp.
His fecretary was laid in a pallet near him for ventilation of
his thoughts. TVitton’s Buckingham.
If your ftray attendance be yet lodg’d,
Or fhroud within thefe limits, I fhall know
Ere morrow wake," or the low-roofted lark
From her thatch’t pallet roufe. Milton.
2. [palette, French.] A fmall meafure, formerly ufed by
chirurgeons.
A furgeon drew from a patient in four days, twenty-feven
pallets, every pallet containing three ounces. Hakewill.
PallmaRl. n.f. [pila and malleus, Lat. pale maille, French]
A play in which the ball is ftruck with a mallet through an
iron ring.
Parliament, n.f [pallium, Lat.] A drefs; a robe.
The people of Rome,
Send thee by me their tribune,
This palliament of white and fpotlefs hue. Shakefp.
PaRliardise. n.f. [pailliardife, Fr.] Fornication; whor¬
ing. Obfolete.
To PA'LLIATE. v. a. [pallia, Lat, from, pallium, a cloak j
pallier, French.]
I, To cover with excufe.
Fhey never hide or palliate their vices, but expofe them
freely to view. Swifts Ad-van. of Religion-.
19 B 2. To
PAL
2. To extenuate ; to foften by favourable reprefentations.
The fault is to extenuate, palliate, and indulge. Dryden.
3. To cure imperfectly or temporarily, not radically ; to eafe,
not cure.
Pai.li a'tion. n.f. [palliation, Fr. from palliate.].
1. Extenuation; alleviation; favourable reprefentation.
I faw clearly through all the pious difguifes and foft pallia¬
tions of fortie men. King Charles.
Such bitter invectives againft other mens faults, and indul¬
gence or palliation of their own, fhews their z,eal lies in their
lpleen. Government of the Tongue.
2. Imperfect or temporary, not radical cure ; mitigation, not
cure.
If the juft cure of a difeafe be full of peril, let the phyfician refort to palliation. Bacon s Nat. Hij/l.
Pa'lliative. adj. [palliatif, Fr. from palliate.]
1. Extenuating; favourably reprefentative.
2. Mitigating, not removing; temporarily or partially, not ra¬
dically curative.
Confumption pulmonary feldom admits of any other than
a palliative cure, and is generally incurable when hereditary.
Arbuthnot on Diet.
Pa lliative, n. f. [from palliate.] Something mitigating ;
fomeihing alleviating.
It were more fafe to truft to the general averfion of our
people againft this coin, than apply thofe palliatives which
weak, perfidious, or abjedl politicians'adminifter. Swift.
Pa'llid. adj. [pallidus, Latin.] Pale ; not high-coloured ;
not bright: pallid is feldom ufed of the face.
Of every foft, which in that meadow grew.
They gather’d fome ; the violet pallid blue. Spenfer.
When from the pallid fky the fun defeends. Thomfon.
PALM. n.f. [palma, Latin; palmier, Fr.]
1. A tree of great variety of fpecies ; of which the branches
were worn in token of vidtory.
The palm-tree hath a fingle imbranched ftalk ; the leaves
are difpofed in a circular form on the top, which, when they
wither or fall off, are fucceeded by new ones out of the
middle of thofe which remain ; among which {heaths or
plain twigs break forth, opening from the bottom to the top,
very full of flowers and clufters of embryos. There are
twenty-one fpecies of this tree, of which the moft remark¬
able are, the greater palm or date-tree. The dwarf palm
mows in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, from whence the
feaves are fent hither and made into flag-brooms. The oily
palm is a native of Guinea and Cape Verd ifland, but has
been tranfplanted to Jamaica and Barbadoes. It grows as
high as the main mail of a {hip. Miller.
Get the ftart of the majeftick world.
And bear the palm alone. Shakefp. ful. Ccefar.
Go forth into the mount and fetch /w/w-branches.
Neh. viii. 15.
Nothing better proveth the excellency of this foil, than
the abundant growing of the palm-trees without labour of
man. This tree alone giveth unto man whatfoever his life
beggeth at nature’s hand. Raleigh.
Above others who carry away the palm for excellence, is
Maurice Landgrave of Hefs. Peacham of Mufick.
Fruits of palm-trze, pleafanteft to thirft
And hunger both. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
Thou youngeft virgin, daughter of the Ikies,
Whole palms new pluck’d from Paradife,
With fpreading branches more fublimely life. Dryden.
2. Victory ; triumph. [palme, Fr.]
Namur fubdu’d is England’s palm alone ;
The reft befieg’d ; but we conftrain’d the town. Dryden.
3. The hand fpread out; the inner part ofthe hand, [palma, Lat.]
By this virgin palm now killing thine,
I will be thine. Shakefpeare.
Drinks of extreme thin parts fretting, put upon the back
of your hand, will, with a little ftay, pals through to the
palm, and yet tafte mild to the mouth. Bacon.
Seeking my fuccefs in love to know,
I try’d th’ infallible prophetick way,
A poppy-leaf upon my palm to lay. Dryden.
4. A hand, or meafure of length, compriling three inches.
[palme, Fr.]
The length of a foot is a fixth part of the ftature ; a fpan
one eighth of it; a palm or hand’s breadth one twenty-fourth ;
a thumb’s breadth or inch one feventy-fecond ; a forefinger’s
breadth one ninety-fixth. Holder on Time.
Henry VIII. of England, Francis I. of France, and Charles
V. emperor, were fo provident, as fcarce a palm of ground
could be gotten by either, but that the other two would fet
the balance of Europe upright again. Bacon.
The fame hand into a frffc mav clofe.
Which inftantly a paltn expanded fhows. Denham.
To Palm. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To conceal in the palm of the hand, as jugglers.
Palming is held foul play amongft gamefters. Dryden.
They palm’d the trick that loft the game. Prior.
PAL
2. To impofe by fraud.
If not by feriptures, how can we be fure,
Reply’d the panther, what traditions pure ?
For you may palm upon us new for old. Drydett.
Moll White has made the country ring with feveral ima¬
ginary exploits palmed upon her. Addifon s Spectator.
3. To handle. ,
Frank carves very ill, yet will pnlm all the meat. Prior.
4. To ftroak with the hand. Ainfworth.
Pa'lmer. n.f. [from palm.] A pilgrim: they who returned
from the holy land carried branches of palm.
My feeptre, for a palmer’s walking ftaff. Shakefp.
Behold yon ifle, by palmers, pilgrims trod.
Men bearded, bald, cowl’d, uncowl’d, {hod, unfhod. Pope.
Pa'lmf.r. n.f. A crown encircling a deer’s head.
Pa'lmerworm. n.f. [palmer and worm.] A worm covered
with hair, fuppofed to be fo called becaufe he wanders over
all plants.
A flefh fly, and one of thofe hairy worms that refembie
caterpillars and are called palmerworms, being conveyed into
one of our fmall receivers, the bee and the fly lay with
their bellies upward, and the worm feemed fuddenly ftruck
dead. _ B°y/e'
Palme'tto. n.f. A fpecies of the palm-tree: It grows
in the Weft-Indies to be a very large tree; with the leaves
the inhabitants thatch their houfes. Thefe leaves, be¬
fore they are expanded, are cut and brought into England to
make womens plaited hats ; and the berries of thele trees
were formerly much ufed for buttons.
Broad o’er my head the verdant cedars wave.
And high palmettos lift their graceful {hade. Thomfon.
Palmi'ferous. adj. [palma andfero, Lat.] Bearing palms. Dift.
Pa'lmipede. adj. [palma and pes, Lat.] Webfooted ; having
the toes joined by a membrane.
It is deferibed like fiffipedes, whereas it is a palmipede or
fin-footed like fwans. Brown’s Vulgar Err. b. v.
Water-fowl which are palmipede, are whole looted, have
very long necks, and yet but fhort legs, as fwans. Ray.
Pa'lmister. n. f. [from palma.] One who deals in palmiftry. Di£l.
Pa'lmistry. n.f. [palma, Latin.]
1. The cheat of foretelling fortune by the lines of the palm.
We {hall not query what truth there is in paltniflry, or divi¬
nation, from thofe lines of our hands of high denomination.
Brown s Vulgar Errours, b. v.
Here while his canting drone-pipe fcan’d.
The myftick figures of her hand,
He tipples paltniflry, and dines
On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland.
With the fond maids in paltniflry he deals ;
They tell the fecret firft which he reveals. Prior.
2. Addifon ufes it for the adlion of the hand.
Going to relieve a common beggar, he found his pocket
was picked; that being a kind of palmiflry at which this ver¬
min are very dextrous. Addifon s Spectator.
Palmy, adj. [from palm.] Bearing palms.
In the moft high and palmy ftate of Rome,
A little ere the mightieft Julius fell.
The graves flood tenantlefs. Shakefp. Hamlet.
She pafs’d the region which Panchea join’d.
And flying, left the palmy plains behind. Dryden.
Palpability, n.f. [from palpable.] Quality of being per¬
ceivable to the touch.
He firft found out palpability of colours ; and by the de¬
licacy of his touch, could diftinguifh the different vibrations
of the heterogeneous rays of light. Mart. Scriblerius.
PA'LPABLE. n.f [palpable, Fr. palpor, Latin.]
1. Perceptible by the touch.
Art thou but
A dagger of the mind, a falfe creation ?
I fee thee yet in form as palpable.
As this which now I draw. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Darknefs muft overfhadow all his bounds,
Palpable darknefs ! and blot out three days. Milton.
2. Grofs ; coarfe ; eafily detected.
That groffer kind of heathenifh idolatry, whereby they
worfhipped the very works of their own hands, was an abfurdity to reafon fo palpable, that the prophet David, com¬
paring idols and idolaters together, maketh almoft no odds
between them. Hooker, b. i. f 8*
They grant we err not in palpable manner, we are not
openly and notorioufly impious. Hooker, b.v. f
He muft not think to fhelter himfelf from fo palpable an
abfurdity, by this impertinent diftindlion. Tillotjon.
Having no furer guide, it was no wonder that they fell into
grofs and palpable miftakes. JVoodwat d s A'at. Hiflor).
3. Plain ; eafily perceptible. .,
That they all have fo teftified, I fee not how we jhouJd
poflibly wifh a proof more palpable, than this mantfeftlv re¬
ceived and every where continued cuftom of reading them
publickly. Hooker, b. v. J- 22.
PAL
Singe there is fo much diffimilitude between caufe and
effect rh the more palpable phenomena, we can expedl no Iefs
between them and their invifible efficients. Glanville.
Palpa'bleness. n.f. [frotn palpable.] Quality of being pal¬
pable ; plainnefs; groflnefs.
Pa'lpably. adv. [from palpable.]
1. In fuch a manner as to be perceived by the touch.
2. Grofsly; plainly.
Clodius was acquitted by a corrupt jury, that had palpably
taken (hares of money, before they gave up their verdidt,
they prayed of the fenate a guard, that they might do their
confidences juftice. Bacon.
Palpa'tion; n.f. [palpatio, palpor, Lat.] The a<3 of feeling.
To PA'LPI I A 1 E. v. a. [palpito, Latin; palpiter, Fr.J To
beat as the heart; to flutter; to go pit a pat.
Palpita'tion. n.J. [palpitation, Fr. from palpitate.] Beating
or panting; that alteration'in the pulfe of the heart, upon frights
or any other caufes, which makes it felt: for a natural
uniform pulfe goes on without diftinftion.
The heart (trikes five hundred fort of pulfes in an hour;
and hunted into fuch continual palpitations, through anxiety
and diftradtion, that fain would it break. Harvey.
I knew the good company too well to feel any palpitations
at their approach. ' Tatler, N°. 86.
Anxiety and palpitations of the heart, are a fign of weak
fibres. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Her bofom heaves
With palpitations wild. Thomfons Spring.
Pa'lsgrave. n. f. [paltfgraf, German.] A count or earl
who has the overfeeing of a prince’s palace. DiEl.
Pa'lsical. adj. [from palfy.] Afflidted with the palfy ; paralytick.
Pa'lsied. adj. [from palfy.] Difeafed with a palfy.
Pall’d, thy blazed youth
Becomes afluaged, and doth beg the alms
Of palfied eld. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meafure.
Though (he breaths in a few pious peaceful fouls, like a
palfted perfon, (he fcarce moves a limb. Decay of Piety.
Let not old age long ftretch hri palfy d hand,
Thofe who give late are importun’d each day. Gay.
Pa'lsy. n. f. [paralyfis, Lat. thence paralyfy, parafy, palafy,
palfy.] A privation of motion or fenfe of feeling, or both,
proceeding from fome caufe below the cerebellum, joined
with a coldnefs, foftnefs, flaccidity, and at laft wafting of
the parts. If this privation be in all the parts below the
head, except the thorax and heart, it is called a paraplegia ;
if in one fide only, a hemiplegia; if in fome parts only of
one fide, a paralyfis. There is a three fold divifion of a
palfy ; the firft is a privation of motion, fenfation remaining.
Secondly, a privation of fenfation, motion remaining. And
laftlv, a privation of both together. ^Afuincy.
The palfy, and not fear, provokes me. Shakefp.
A palfy may as well (hake an oak, as (hake the delight' of
confidence. South’s Sermons.
To Palter, v. n. [from paltron, Skinner.] To (hift; to
dodge ; to play tricks.
I muft
To the young man fend humble treaties.
And palter in the (hift of lownefs. Shakefpeare.
Be thefe juggling fiends no more believ’d,
That palter with us in a double fenfe ;
That keep the word of promife to our ear,
And break it to our hope. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Romans, that have (poke the word.
And will not palter ? Shakefp. Jul. Cafar.
To Pa'lter. v. a. To fquander : as, he palters his fortune.
Ainfworth.
Pa'lterer. n.f. [frompalter.] An unfincere dealer; a (hifter.
Pa'ltriness. n.f. [from paltry.] The ftate of being paltry.
PA LTRY. adj. [poltron, french; a fooundrel; paltrocca, a low
whore, Italian.] Sorry ; worthlefs ; defpicable ; contemp¬
tible ; mean.
Then turn your forces from this paltry fiege.
And ftir them up againft a mightier talk. ° Shakefp:
A very dilhoneft paltry boy, as appears in leaving his
friend here in neceffity, and denying him. Shakefp
Whofe compoft is paltry and carried too late,
Such hufbandry ufeth that many do hate. Tuff. Hufb.
For knights are bound to feel no blows,
from paltry and unequal foes. ’ Hudibras. p. iii.
It is an ill habit to (quander away our wilhes upon paltry
fooleries. L'Efrange, Fab. 140.
When fuch paltry (laves prefume
To mix in treafon, if the plot fucceeds.
They’re thrown negle&ed by ; but if it fails,
They’re fure to die like dogs. Addifon's Cato.
Pa'ly. adj. [from pale.] Pale. Ufed only in poetry.
Fain would I go to chafe his paly lips.
With twenty thoufand kifles. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
From camp to camp,
Fire anfwers fire, and through their paly flames
Each battle fees the others umber’d face. Shakefp.
PAN
The rofes in thy lips and cheeks (hall fade
To paly allies. Shakefp. Romeo and Ju'ieti
A dim gleam the paly lanthorn throws
O’er the mid pavement. q
Pam. n. f. [probably from palm, victory ; as trump from
triumph.] The knave of clubs.
Fv’n mighty pam that kings and queens o’erthrew.
And mow’d down armies in the fights of lu. Popet
To Pa'mper. v. a. [pamberare, Italian.] To glut; to fill
with food ; to laginate ; to feed luxuriouily.
It was even as two phyficians (liould take one fick body in
hand, ot which the former would minifter all things meet to
purge and keep under the body, the other to pamper and
ftrengthen it fuddenly again ; whereof what is to be looked
for but a moft dangerous relapfe ? Spenfer
You are more intemperate in your blood
Than Venus, or thofe pampered animals
That rage in favage fenfuality. Shakefp.
They are contented as well with mean food, as thole that
with the rarities of the earth do pamper their voracities. Sandys.
Praife fwelled thee to a proportion ready to burft, it
brought thee to feed upon the air, and to ftarve thy foul,
only to pamper thy imagination. South's Sermons.
With food
Diftend his chine and paznper him for (port. Dryden.
His lordfhip lolls within at eafe,
Pa?np ring his paunch with foreign rarities* D yden.
To pamper'd infolence devoted fall,
/ Prime of the flock and choiceft of the ftall. Pope.
PAMPHLET, n. f. [par unfilet, Fr. Wdience this word ;is
written anciently, and by Caxton paunflet.] A fmall book,
properly a book fold unbound, and only ftitched.
Com’ft thou with deep premeditated lines.
With written pamphlets ftudioufly devis’d ? Shakefp.
I put forth a flight pamphlet about the elements of architectur5[ , JVotton.
He could not, without fome tax upon himfelf and his
minifters for the not executing the laws, look upon the bold
licence of fome in printing pamphlets. Clarendon.
As when fome writer in a publick caufe.
His pen, to lave a finking nation draws.
While all is calm, his arguments prevail.
Till pow r difeharging all her ftormy bags.
Flutters the feeble pamphlet into rags. Swift.
To Pa'mphlet. v. «. .[from the noun.] To write fmall books.
I put pen to paper, and fomething I have done, though in
a poor paznphleting way. Dowel's Pre-eminence of Pa- Ua?nent.
Pamphletee'r. n.f. [from pamphlet.] A fcribbler of fmall
books.
The fquibs are thofe who in the common phrafe are called
libellers, lampooners, and pamphleteers. Tatler.
With great injuftice I have been pelted by pamphleteers.Swift.
To Pan. v. a. An old word denoting to clofe or join together.
„ _ _ Ainfworth.
Pan. n.f. [pomze, Saxon.]
1. A veflel broad and (hallow, in which provifions are drefted
or kept.
This were but to leap out of the pan into the fire. Spenfer«
The pliant brafs is laid
On anvils, and of heads and limbs are made,
Pans, cans. Dryden.
2. The part o( the lock of the gun that holds the powder.
Our attempts to fire the gun-powder in the pan of the piftol,
fucceeded not. Boyle.
3. Any thing hollow : as, the brain pan.
Panace'a. n.f. [panacee, Fr. 7ra.voiK£ia:, from 7tocv ocxo;.] An
univerfal medicine.
Pan ace A. n.f. An heib. Ainfworth.
Pa'ncake. n.f. [pan and cake.] Thin pudding baked in the
frying-pan.
A certain knight fwore by his honour they were gooA pan¬
cakes, and fwore by his honour the muftard was nauglit. Shat.
The flour makes a very good pancake, mixed with a little
wheat flour. Mortimer's Hufoandry.
Pana do. n.f. [from panis, thread.] Food made by boiling
bread in water.
Their diet ought to be very fparing ; gruels, panadas, and
chicken broth. _ _ IVifezhans Surgery.
Pancra'tical. adji. [-rrciv and xpdlo;.] Excelling in all^the
gymnaftick exercifes.
He was the mofk pancratical man of Greece, and, as Galen
reporteth, able to perfift eredl upon an oily plank, and not
to be removed by the^ force of three men. Brown.
Pa'ncreas. n. f. [tt^v and xfx<;.] The pancreas or fweet
bread, is a gland of the conglomerate fort, fituated be¬
tween the bottom of the ftomach and the vertebra of the
loms : it lies acrofs the abdomen, reaching from the liver to
the fpleen, and is ftrongly tied to the peritoneum, from
w ic 1 receives its common membranes. It weighs com¬
mon y our or ve ounces. It is about fix fingers breadth
!°rg’ \W,° br0ad> and one thick. Its fubftance is a little
foft and fupple.
Pan-
PAN
FaNCREa'tiCK.<7$. [from pancreas.] Contained in the pancreas.
In man and viviparous quadrupeds, the food moiftened with
the faliva is firft chewed, then fwallowed into the ftomach,
and fo evacuated into the inteftines, where being mixed with
the choler and pancreatick juice, it is further fubtilized, and
eafily finds its way in at the {freight orifices of the lacteo.us
vejns Ray on the Creation.
The bile is fo acrid, that nature has furnifhed the pancrea¬
tic yxtzt to temper its bitternefs. Arbnthnot.
Pa'ncy. In./, [corrupted, I fuppofe, from panacey, panacea.]
PaVsy. ) A flower: a kind of-violet,
The daughters of the flood have fearch’d the mead
For violets pale, and cropp’d the poppy’s head ;
Pancies to pleafe the fight, and caflia fweet to fmell. Dryd.
The real effence of gold is as impoflible for us to know,
as for a blind man to tell in what flower the colour of a
panfy is, or is not to be found, whilft he has no idea of the
colour of a panfy. Locke.
Pa'ndect. n.f [pandefia, Latin.]
1. A treatife that comprehends the whole of any fcience.
It were to be wilhed, that the commons would form a
pandefl of their power and privileges, to be confirmed by the
entire legiflative authority. Swift.
2. The digeft of the civil law.
Pande'mick. adj. [7ra? and d»i^o?.] Incident to a whole
people.
Thofe inftances bring a confumption, under the notion of
a pandemick or endemick, or rather vernacular difeafe to Eng¬
land. Harvey on Confumptions.
PA'NDER. n. f. [This word is derived from Pandarus, the pimp
in the ftory of Troilus and Crejfida ; it was therefore originally
written pandar, till its etymology was forgotten.] A pimp ;
a male bawd; a procurer.
Let him with his cap in hand.
Like a bafe pander, hold the chamber door
Whilft by a Have
His faireft daughter is contaminated. Shakefp. Hen. V.
If thou fear %o ftrike, and to make me certain it is done,
thou art the pander to her difhonour, and equally to me difloyal. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
If ever you prove falfe to one another, firice I have taken
fuch pains to bring you together, let all pitiful goers-between
be call’d panders after my name. Shakefp. Trail and Crejfida.
Camillo was his help in this, his pander,
There is a plot againft my life. Shakefp. IVmt. Tale.
The fons of happy Punks, the pander7s heir.
Are privileged
To clap the firft, and rule the theatre. Dryden.
Thou haft confefs’d thyfelf the confcious pandar
Of that pretended paflion;
A Angle witnefs infamoufly known,
Againft two perfons of unqueftion’d fame: Dryden.
My obedient honefty was made
The pander to thy luft and black ambition. Rozue.
To Pa'nder. v. a. [from the noun.] To pimp; to be fubfervient to luft or paffion.
Proclaim no fhame,
When the compulfive ardour gives the charge,
Since firft itfelf as a&ively doth burn.
And reafon panders will. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Pa'nderly. adj. [frompander.] Pimping; pimplike.
Oh you panderly rafeals ! there’s a confpiracy againft me.
Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
Pandiculation, n.f. [pandiculans, Lat.] The reftlefsnefs,
ftretching, and uneafinefs that ufually accompany the cold
fits of an intermitting fever.
Windy fpirits, for want of a due volatilization, produce
in the nerves a pandiculation, or ofeitation, or ftupor, or
cramp in the mufcles. Floyer on the Humours.
Pane. n.f. [paneau, French.]
1. A fquare of glafs.
The letters appear’d reverfe thro’ the pane,
But in Stella’s bright eyes they were plac’d right again. Sw.
The face of Eleanor owes more to that Angle pane than
to all the glaffes {he ever confulted. Pipe's Letters.
2. A piece mixed in variegated works with other pieces.
Him all repute
For his device in handfoming a fuity
To judge of lace, pink, panes, print, and plait,
Of all the court to have the beft conceit. Donne.
PANEGY'RICK. n. f. [panegyrique, Fr. wxvviyvgif.] An
elogy ; an encomiaftick piece.
The Athenians met at the fepulchres of thofe who were
{lain at Marathon, and there made pancgyricks upon them.
Stillingfeet.
That which is a fatyr to other men muft be a panegyrick
to your lordfhip. Dryden.
As he continues the exercifes of thefe eminent virtues, he
may be one of the greateft men that our age has bred ; and
leave materials for a panegyrick, not unworthy the pen of
fome future Pliny. Prior.
PAN
Panegy'rist. n.f. [from panegyrick ; panegyrife, Fr.] One
that writes praife ; encomiaft.
Add thefe few lines out of a far more ancient panegyrif in
the time of Conftantine the great. Camden.
Pa'nel. n.f. [ panellum, law Latin ; paneau, French.]
1. A fquare, or piece of any matter inferted between other
bodies.
The chariot was all of cedar, fave that the fore end had
panels of fapphires, let in borders of gold. Bacon.
Maximilian, his whole hiftory is digefted into twenty-four
fquare panels of fculpture in bas relief. Addifon's Italy.
This fellow will join you together as they join wainfeot;
then one of you will prove a lhrunk panel, and, like green
timber, warp. Shakefpeare’sAs you line it.
A bungler thus, who fcarce the nail can hit.
With driving wrong will makethopanel fplit. Swift.
He gave the panel to the maid. Prior.
2. [Panel, panellum, Lat. of the French, panne, id eft, pelhs or
paneau, a piece or pane in Englifn.] A fchedule or roll,
containing the names of fuch jurors, as the fherifl provides
to pafs upon a trial. And empannelling a jury, is nothing
but the entering them into the fherift’s roll or book. Cowel.
Then twelve of fuch as ate indifferent, and are returned
upon the principal panels or the tales, are fworn to try the
fame, according to evidence. Hale's Hjl. of England.
PANG. n. f. [either from pain, or bang, Dutch, unealy.]
Extreme pain ; fudden paroxifm of torment.
Say, that fome lady
Hath for your love as great a pang of heart.
As you have for Olivia. Shakejpear's Twelfth Night.
See how thepangs of death do make him grin ! Shak.
Suff’ranee made
Almoft each pang a dtath. Shakefp. Hen. X III.
Earth trembl’d from her entrails, as again
In pangs ; and nature gave a fecond groan. Milt. Par. Lof.
Juno pitying her difaftrous fate.
Sends Iris down, her pangs to mitigate. Denham.
My foil advance
Still in new impudence, new ignorance.
Succefs let others teach, learn thou from me
Pangs without birth, and fruitlefs induftry. Dryden.
I will give way
To all the pangs and fury of defpair. Addifon.
I law the hoary traitor
Grin in the pangs of death, and bite the ground. Addifon.
Ah ! come not, write not, think not once of me.
Nor {hare one pang of all I felt for thee. Pope.
To PanG.v.a. [from the noun.] To torment cruelly.
If fortune divorce
It from the bearer; ’tis a fuff’rance panging,
As foul and bodies parting. Shakefp.
I grieve myfelf
To think, when thou {halt be difedg’d by her.
Whom now thou tir’ft on, how thy memory
Will then ht pang'd hy me. Shakefpeare.
Pa'nick. adj. [kxompan, groundlefs fears being fuppofed to be
fent by Pan.] Violent without caufe.
The fudden ftir and panical fear, when chantecleer was
carried away by reynard. Camden7s Remains.
Which many refpedt to be but a panick terror, and men
do fear, they juftly know not what. Brown's Vulgar Errors.
I left the city in a panic fright;
Lions they are in council, lambs in fight. Dryden.
Pa'nnade. n.f. The curvet of a horfe. Ainfworth.
Pa'nnel. n-.f. [panned, Dutch; paneau, French.] A kind of
ruftick faddle.
A pannel and wanty, pack-faddle and ped,
With line to fetch litter, and halters for hed. TuJJer.
His ftrutting ribs on both Aides Ihow’d,
Like furrows he himfelf had plow’d ;
For underneath the fkirt of pannel,
’Twixt every twTo there was a channel. Hudibras.
Pa'nnel. n.f. The ftomach of a hawk. Ainfworth.
Pa'nnicle. ) r a 1
t, t > n. /. A plant.
Pannick. 5 J F
The pannicle is a plant of the millet kind, differing From
that, by the difpofition of the flowers and feeds, which, of
this, grow in a clofe thick fpike : It is fowed in feveral parts
of Europe, in the fields, as corn for the fuftenance of the in¬
habitants ; it is frequently ufed in particular places of Ger¬
many to make bread. Miller*
September is drawn with a chearful countenance ; in his
left hand a handful of millet, oats, and pannicle. Peacham.
Panick affords a foft demulent nourifhment. Arbut .
Panni'er. n.f. [panicr, French.] A bafket; a wicker veflel,
in which fruit, or other things, are carried on a horle.
The worthlels brute
Turns a mill, or drags a loaded life,
Beneath two panniers, and a baker’s wife. Dryden.
We have refolved to take away their whole club in a Pair
of panniers, and imprifon them in a cupboard. Addifon.
4
PAP PAP
Yano'plY. n.f. [xawtrXU.] Complete armour.
In arms they flood
Of golden panoply, refulgent hoft !
Soon banded. Milton's Paradife Loft.
We had need to take the chriftian panoply, to put on the
whole armour of God. ^ Ray on the Creation.
To PAN!'. v- n- [panteler, old French.]
1. To palpitate ; to beat as the heart in fudden terror, or after
hard labour.
Yet might her piteous heart be feen to pant and quake.
• Fairy Ftjueen.
Below the bottom of the great abyfs.
There where one centre reconciles all things,
The world’s profound heart pants. Crajhaw.
If I am to lofe by fight the foft pantings, which I have al¬
ways felt, when I heard your voice, pull out thefe eyes before
they lead me to be ungrateful. Tatler.
2. To have the breaft heaving, as for want of breath.
Pluto pants for breath from out his cell,
And opens wide the grinning jaws of hell. Dryden.
3. To play with intermiffion.
The whifp’ring breeze
Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. Pope.
4. To long; to wifh earneftly.
They pant after the duff of the earth, on the head of the
poor. Amos ii. 7.
Who pants for glory, finds but fhort repofe,
A breath revives him, and a breath o’erthrows. Pope.
Pant, n.f [from the verb.] Palpitation ; motion ofthe heart.
Leap thou, attire and all.
Through proof of harnefs, to my heart, and there
Ride on the pants triumphing. Shakefpeare.
Pa'ntaloon. n.f. [pantalon, French.] A man’s garment
anciently worn, in which the breeches and ftockings were
all of a piece. Hanmer.
The fixth age fhifts
Into the lean and flipper’d pantaloon,
With fpedtacles on nofe, and pouch on fide. Shake/.
The French we conquer’d once.
Now give us laws for pantaloons,
The length of breeches and the gathers. Hudibras.
Pantess. n.f. The difficulty of breathing in a hawk. Ainf.
Panthe'on. n.f. [7toIvtB'£iov.] A temple of all the gods.
Pa'nther. n.f. [7rocvS’rlg, panthera, Lat. panthere, Fr.] A
{potted wild beaft; a lynx ; a pard.
An it pleafe your majefty,
To hunt the panther and the hart with me,
With horn and hound. Shakefpeare.
Pan, or the univerfal, is painted with a goat’s face, about
his fhoulders a panther's fkin. Peacham.
The panther’s fpeckled hide,
Flow’d o’er his armour with an eafy pride. Pope.
Pa'ntile. n.f. A gutter tile.
Pa'ntingly. adv. [from panting."} With palpitation.
She heav’d the name of father
Pantingly forth, as if it preft her heart. Shakefpeare.
Pa'ntler. n.f. [panetier, French.] The officer in a great
family, who keeps the bread. Hanmer.
When my old wife liv’d,
She was both pantler, butler, cook. Shakefpeare.
He would have made a good pantler, he would have chipped
bread well. Shakefpear's Henry IV.
Pa'Ntofle. n.f. [pantoufe, French; pantofula, Italian.] A
flipper.
Melpomene has on her feet, her high cothurn or tragick
pantofies of red velvet and gold, befet with pearls. Peacham.
Pa'ntomime. n.f. [nds and fip.os ; pantomime, Fr.]
I.One who has the power of univerfal mimickry; one who
expreffes his meaning by mute adlion ; a buftoon.
Not that I think thofe pantomimes,
Who vary adtion with the times.
Are lefs ingenious in their art.
Than thofe who duly a61 one part. Hudibras.
Q. A feene; a tale exhibited only in gefture and dumb-fhew.
He put off the reprefentation of pantomimes till late hours,
on market-days*. Arbuthnot.
Exulting folly hail’d the joyful day.
And pantomime and fong confirm’d her fway. Anon.
Pa'nton. n.f. A fhoe contrived to recover a narrow and
hoof-bound heel. Farrier's Didl.
Pa'ntry. n.f. [paneterie, Fr. panarinm, Lat.] The room in
which provifions are repofited.
The Italian artizans diftribute the kitchin, pantry, bakehoufe under ground. IFotton's Architect.
What work would they make in the pantry and the larder.
L' Eftrange.
He flints himfelf up in the pantry with an old gipfy, once
in a twelvemonth. . Addifon s SpeFt.
Pap. n.f. [papa, Italian; pappe, Dutch; papilla, Latin.]
I. The nipple ; the dug fucked.
Some were fo from their fource endu’d,
By great dame nature, from whofe fruitful pap,
Their well-heads Ipring, Fairy Qiiren.
Out fvvord, and wound
The pap of Pyramus.
Ay, that left pap, where heart doth hop;
Thus die I. Shakefpear's Midfummer Flight's Dream.
An infant making to the paps would prefs,
And meets inftead of milk, a falling tear. Dryden.
In weaning young creatures, the beft way is never to let
them fuck the paps. Ray on the Creation.
That Timothy Trim, and Jack were the fame perfon,
was proved particularly by a mole under the left pap. Arbuth.
2.Food made for infants, with bread boiled in water.
Sleep then a little, pap content is making. Sidney.
The noble foul by age grows luftier ;
We muff not ftarve, nor hope to pamper her
With woman’s milk and pap unto the end. Donne.
Letthe powder, after it has done boiling, be well beaten up
with fair water to the confiffence of thin pap. Boyle.
3- The pulp of fruit. Ainf.
Pa'pa. n.f. [Trocmru.q ; papa, Lat.] A fond name for father,
ufed in many languages.
Where there are little mailers and miffes in a houfe, bribe
them, that they may not tell tales to papa and mamma. Swift.
Papa'cy. n.f. [papat, papaute, Fr. from papa, the pope.]
popedom; office and dignity of bilhops of Rome.
Now there is afeended to the papacy a perfonage, thatthough
he loves the chair of the papacy well, yet he loveth the car¬
pet above the chair. Bacon.
Pa'pal: adj. [papal, French.] Popifli ; belonging to the pope;
annexed to the bilhoprick of Rome.
The pope releafed Philip from the oath, by which he
was bound to maintain the privileges of the Netherlands ; this
papal indulgence hath been the caufe of fo many hundred
thoufands flairs. Raleigh.
Pa'paw. n. f. [papaya, low Lat. papaya, papayer, Fr.]
The papaw hath a fimple ftallc; the flowers are male and
female in different plants: the male flowers, which are bar¬
ren, are tubulous, confifting. of one leaf, and expand in form
of a ffar : the female flowers confift of feveral leaves, which
expand in form of a rofe, out of whofe flower-cup rifes the
pointal, which afterwards becomes flefhy fruit, fhaped like a
cucumber or melon. Miller.
The fair papaw,
Now but a feed, preventing nature’s law.
In half the circle of the hafty year,
Projedts a {hade, and lovely fruits does wear. IVqller.
PapaVerous. adj. [papavereus, frompapaver, Lat. a poppy.]
Refembling poppies.
Mandrakes afford a papaverous and unpleafant odour, whe¬
ther in the leaf or apple. Brown's Vulgar Errors.
PA'PER. n.f [papier, French; papyrus, Latin.]
1. Subftance on which men write and print; made by macerating
linen rags in water, and then fpreading them in thin fheets.
I have feen her unlock her ciofet, take forth paper. Shake.
2. Piece of paper.
’Tis as impoffible to draw regular charadlers on a trembling
mind, as on a (haking paper. Locke on Education.
3. Single fheet printed, or written. It is ufed particularly of effays
or journals, or any thing printed on a fheet. [Feuille volante.]
What fee you in thofe papers, that you lofe
So much complexion ? look ye how they change !
Their cheeks are paper. Shakefpear’s Hen. V.
Nothing is of more credit or'requeft, than a petulant paper,
or fcoffing verfes. Ben Johnfon.
They brought a paper to me to be fign’d. Dryden.
Do the prints and papers lie ? Swift.
Pa'per. adj. Any thing flight or thin.
There is but a thin paper wall between great difeoveries
and a perfedf ignorance ol them. Burnet.
To Pa'per. v. a. [from the noun.]. Toregifter.
He makes up the file
Of all the gentry : and his own letter
Muff fetch in him he papers. Shakefpear's Hen. VIII.
Pa'permaker. n.f [paper and make.] One who makes paper.
Pa'Permill. n.f. [paper and mill.] A mill in which rags are
ground for paper.
Thou haft caufed printing to be ufed ; and contrary to the
king, and his dignity, thou haft built a paper-mill. Shakefp.
Pape'scent. adj. Containing pap ; inclinable to pap.
Demulcent, and of eafy digeftion, moiftening and refolvent of the bile, are vegetable fopes; as honey, and the
juices of ripe fruits, fomeof the cooling, ladtefcent, papefeent
plants ; as cichory and lettuce. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
PAPFLIO. n.f [Lat. papillon, Fr.] A butterfly ; a moth of
various colours.
Conjedfure cannot eftimate all the kinds oipapilios, natives
of this ifland, to fall fliort of three hundred. Ray.
Papiliona'ceous. adj. [from papilio, Latin.]
I he flowers ol fome plants are called papilionaceous by botanifts, which reprefent fomething of the figure of a butterfly,
with its wings dilplayed : and here the petala, or flower leaves,
are always of a diform figure : they are four in number, but
„ joined together at the extremities ; one of thefe is uiltally
larger than the reft, and is created in the middle of theffiower,
1 cp C and
PAR
and by feme called vcxiHum: tht plants, that have this flower,
are ot the leguminous kind ; as peafe, vetches, &c. Qtiincy.
Pa'pillary. ) adj. [from papilla.] Having emulgent vefiels,
Pa'pillous. 5 'or refemblances of paps.
Malpighi concludes, becaufe the outward cover of the
tongue is perforated, under which lie papillary parts, that in
thefe the tafte lieth. Durham's Phyfico-Theology.
The papillous inward coat of the inteftines is extremely
fenfible Arbuthnot on Aliments.
PAPl'ST. n f [papijle, Fr. papifta, Latin.] One that adheres
to the communion of the pope and church of Rome.
The principal clergymen had frequent conferences with the
prince, to perfuade him to change his religion, and become
a papifl. Clarendon.
Papistical, adj. [frompapifi.] Popifh ; adherent to popery.
There are fome papiflical pradtidoners among you. IVhitg.
Papi'strv. n.f. [from papif.] Popery; the dodrine of the
Romiffi church.
Papiflry, as a handing pool, covered and overflowed all
England. Afcharn s Shcoolmajler.
A meat number of parishes in England confift of rude and
ignorant men, drowned in papiflry. JVbitgifte.
P-a/ppous. adj. [pappofus, low Latin.] Having that foft light
down, growing out of the feeds of fome plants ; fuch as
thirties, dandelyon, hawk-weeds, which buoys them up
fo in the air, that they can be blown any where about with
the wind : and, therefore, this diftinguifhes one kind of plants,
which is called pappola, or pappofi Mores. Quincy.
Another thing argumentative of providence is, thatpappous
plumage growing upon the tops of fome feeds, whereby
they are wafted with the wind, and by that means diffeminated far and wide. Ray on the Cneation.
Dandelion, and moft of the pappous kind, have long nu¬
merous feathers, by which they are wafted every way. Derh.
Pa'ppy. adj. [from pap.] Soft; fucculent ; eafily divided.
Thefe were converted into fens, where the ground, being
fpungy, fucked up the water, and the loofen’d earth fwell’d
into a foft and pappy fubftance. Burnet.
Its tender and pappy flefh cannot, at once, be fitted to be
nouriftied by folid diet. Ray on the Creation.
PAR. n. f. [Latin.] State of equality ; equivalence; equal
value. This word is not elegantly ufed, except as a term of
traffick.
To eftimate the par, it is neceffary to know how much
filver is in the coins of the two countries, by which you
charge the bill of exchange. Locke.
My friend is the fecond after the treafurer ; the reft of the
great officers are much upon a par. Gulliver's Travels.
Para'ble. adj. [parabilis, Latin.] Eafily procured. Not in
life*
They were not well wiftiers unto parable phyfic, or remedies
eafily acquired, who derived medicines from the phoenix.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PA'RABLE. n.f. [rriy^ccQoXv ; parabole, Fr.] A fimilitude;
a relation under which fomething elfe is figured.
Balaam took up his parable, and faid. Numbers, xxiii. 7.
He fpake many things in parables. Matt. xiii. 3.
What is thy fulfome parable to me ?
My body is from all difeafes free. Dryden.
PARABOLA, n. f. [Latin.]
The parabola is a conick fedtion, arifing from a cone’s being
cut by a plane parallel to one of its fides, or parallel to a
plane that touches one fide of the cone. Harris.
Had the velocities of the feveral planets been greater or lefs
than they are now, at the fame diftances from the fun, they
would not have revolved in concentrick circles as they do, but
have moved in hyperbola’s or parabola's, or in ellipfes, very
excentrick. Bentley s Sermons,
Parabolical. 7 ^ jJarabolique^ Fr. from parable.']
i ARABO LICK. j
1. Exprefled»by parable or fimilitude.
Such from the text defery the parabolical expofition of
Cajetan. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The whole fcheme of thefe words is figurative, as being a
parabolical defeription of God’s vouchfafing to the world the
invaluable bleffing of the gofpel, by the fimilitude of a king.
South's Sermons.
2. Havino- the nature or form of a parabola, [from parabola.]
The^pellucid coat of the eye doth not lie in the fame fuperficies with the white of the eye, butrifeth up a hillock above
its convexity, and is of an hyperbolical or parabolical figure.
Ray on the Creation.
The incident ray will deferibe, in the refradbing medium,
the parabolick curve. Chcyne's Phil. Prin.
Pa'rabolicali.y. ndv. [from parabolical.]
1. By way of parable or fimilitude.
Thefe words, notwithftanding parabolically intended, ad¬
mit no literal inference. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
2. In the form of a parabola.
Para'bolism. n. J. In algebra, the divifion of the terms
of an equation, by a known quantity that is involved or mul¬
tiplied in the firft term. DHL
6
PAR
Para boloid, n. f. [7rctgocCoXr, and ^ paraboliform
curve in geometry, whole ordinates are iuppofed to be in
fuptriplicate, fubquadruplicate, Rc. ratio of their refpedbive
abfclflae: There is another fpecies ; for if you fuppofe the
parameter, multiplied into the fquare of the abfcilfa, to be
equal tb the cube of the ordinate ; then the curve is called a
femicubical paraboloid. Harris.
Paracente'sis. n. f. [Tra^xfi/Jrxn?, to pierce.
paracentefe, Fr.] That operation, whereby any of the ven¬
ters are perforated to let out any matter; as tapping in a
tympany. ^ _ Quincy.
Parace ntrical. \ adj. [ttx^x and xivrgov.] Deviating from
Parace'ntrick. J circularity.
Since the, planets move in the elliptick orbits, in ohe of
whofe foci the fun is, and, by a radius from the fun, deferibe
equal areas in equal times, we muft find out a law for the
paracentrical motion, that may make the orbits elliptic. Cheyne.
Para'de. n.f [parade, Fr.]
1. Shew; oftentation.
He is not led forth as to a review, but as to a battle; nor
adorned for parade, but execution. Granville.
The rites perform’d, the parfon paid.
In ftate returned the grand parade. Swift.
Be rich ; but of your wealth make no parade,
At leaft, before your mafter’s debts are paid. Swift.
2. Military order.
The cherubim ftood arm’d
To their night-watches in warlike parade. Milton.
3. Place where troops draw up to do duty and mount guard.
4. Guard; pofture of defence.
Accurtom him to make judgment of men by their infide^
which often (hews itfelf in little things, when they are not
in parade, and upon their guard. Locke on Education.
Pa'Radigm. n.f. [Trxoxhsi'py.x.] Example.
Paradisiacal, adj. [tromparadife.] Suiting paradife; making
‘ paradife.
The antients exprefs the fituation ofparadifiacal earth In re¬
ference to the fea. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Such a mediocrity of heat would be fo far from exalting the
earth to a more happy and paradifiacal ftate, that it would
turn it to a barren wildernefs. Woodw. Nat. Hijl.
The fummer is a kind of heaven, when we wander in a
paradifiacal feene, among groves and gardens; but, at this
feafon, we are like our poor firft parents, turned out of that
agreeable, though folitaxy life, and forced to look about for
more people to help to bear our labours, to get into warmer
houfes, and hive together in cities. Pope•
PARADISE, n.f. [Trx^olhuroq; paradife, Fr.]
1. The blifsful regions, in which t^e firft pair was placed.
Longer in that paradife to dwell.
The law I gave to nature him forbids. Milton.
2. " Any place of felicity.
What fool is not fo wife.
To lofe an oath to win a paradife. Shakefpeare..
Confideration, like an angel, came.
And whipt th’ offending Adam out of him ;
Leaving his body as a paradife,
T’ invelope and contain celeftial fpirits. Shakefpeare,
If ye ftiould lead her into a fool’s paradife,
It were very grofs behaviour. Sbakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Why, nature, bower the fpirit of a fiend
In mortal paradife of fuch fweet flefh. Shakefpeare.
The earth
Shall all be paradife, far happier place.
Than this of Eden, and far happier days. Milton.
PA'RADOX. n.f. [paradoxes Fr. 7ra^a'^o^o?.] A tenet con¬
trary to received opinion ; an aflertion contrary to appearance;
a pofition in appearance abfurd.
A gloffe there is to colour that paradox, and make it appear
in fhew not to be altogether unreafonable. Hooker.
You undergo too ftridt a paradox,
Striving to make an ugly deed look fair. Sbakefp.
In their love of God, men can never be too affedbionate:
it is as true, though it may feem a paradox, that in their
hatred of fin, men may be fometimes too pafiionate. Sprat.
Paradoxical, adj. [from paradox.]
1. Having the nature of a paradox.
What hath been every where opinioned by all men, is more
than paradoxical to difpute. Broivn's Vulgar Errours.
Strange it is, how the curiofity of men, that have been
adbive in the inftrudVion of hearts, among thole many para¬
doxical and unheard-of imitations, fhould not attempt to
make one fpeak. Brown's Vulgar Errour\.
Thefe will feem Arrange and paradoxical to one that takes
a profpedt of the world. Norris.
2. Inclined to new tenets, or notions contrary to received
opinions.
Paradoxically, adv. [from paradox.] In a paradoxical
manner; in a manner contrary to received opinions.
If their vanity of appearing Angular puts them upon ad¬
vancing paradoxes, and proving them as pai adoxically, they
are ufually laught at. Collier on Pride.
Paradoxi-
PAR PAR
Paradoxi'calness. ». f [from paradox.] State of being
paradoxical.
Paradoxo'LOGY. n.f [fromparadox.] i he ufe of paradoxes.
Perpend the difficulty, which oblcurity, or unavoidable
taradoxology, tnuft put Upon the attempter. Brown.
Parago'ce. n. f [na.Pix.yuyn ; paragoge, Fr.] A figure
whereby a letter or fyllable is added at the end of a word,
without adding any thing to the fenfe of it. Dili.
Paragon, n.f. [paragon, fromparage, equality, old French ;
paragdne, Italian.]
It A model; a pattern ; fomething fupremely excellent.
An angel ! or, if not.
An earthly paragon. Sbakefpeare.
Tunis was never grac’d before with fuch a paragon to
their queen. Shakefp. Pempejl.
2.Companion; fellow.
Alone he rode without his paragon. Spenfer.
To Pa'ragon. v. a. [,parangonner, French.]
1. To compare.
The picture of Pamela, in little form, he wore in a tablet,
purpofing to paragon the little one with Artefia’s length,
not doubting but even, in that little quantity, the excellency
of that would {bine through the weaknefs of the other. Sidney.
I will give thee bloody teeth.
If thou with Csefarparagon again
My man of men. Sbakefpeare.
Proud feat
Of Lucifer, fo by allufion call’d
Of that bright ftar to Satan paragon'd* Milt. Par. Lojl.
2. To equal.
He hath atchiev’d a maid
That paragons defcription and wild fame ;
One that excels the quirks of blazoning pens. Shakefp.
We will wear our mortal ftate with her,
Catharine our queen, before the primeft creature
That’s paragon'd i’ th’ world. Shakef. Hen. VIII.
PA'RAGRAPH. n.f. [paragraphed Fr. nagxygatpv.] A diftinft part of a difeourfe.
Of his laft paragraph, I have tranferibed the moft impor¬
tant parts. Swift.
Paragra'phically. adv. [from paragraph.] By paragraphs;
with diftindt breaks or divifions.
Paralla'ctical. ladj. [from parallax.] Pertaining to a
Paralla'ctick. J parallax.
PARALLAX.;/./! [orx^olXx^ig.] The diftance between the
true and apparent place of the fun, or any ftar viewed from
the furface of the earth.
By what ftrange parallax or optick fkill
Of vifion multiply’d Milton's Paradife Regained.
Light moves from the fun to us in about feven or eight
minutes time, which diftance is about 70,000,000 Englifh
miles, fuppofing the horizontal parallax of the fun to be about
twelve feconds. Newton's Optics.
PA RALLEL, adj. [-jrxpxXXriXog; parallele, Fr.]
1. Extended in the fame direction, and preferving always the
fame diftance.
Diftorting the order and theory of caufes perpendicular to
their effects, he draws them alide unto things whereto they
run parallel^ and their proper motions would never meet to¬
gether. Brown's Vtdgar Errours.
2. Having the fame tendency.
When honour runs parallel with the laws of God and our
country, it cannot be too much cherifhed ; but when the
didlates of honour are contrary to thofe of religion and equity,
they are the great depravations of human nature. Addifon.
3. Continuing the refemblance through many particulars; equal;
like.
The foundation principle of peripateticifm is exactly pa¬
rallel to an acknowledged nothing. Glanville.
I fhall obferve fomething parallel to the wooing and wed¬
ding fuit in the behaviour of perfons of figure. Addifon.
Compare the words and phrafes in one place of an author,
with the fame in other places of the fame author, which are
generally called parallel places. . Watts.
Pa'rallel. n.f. [from the adjective.]
1. Lines continuing their courfe, and ftill remaining at the fame
diftance from each other.
Who made the fpider parallels defign,
Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ? Pope.
2. Lines on the globe marking the latitude.
3. Direction conformable to that of another line.
Dillentions, like fmall ftreams, are firft begun,
Scarce feen they rife but gather as they run;
So lines, that from their parallel decline,
More they proceed, the more they ftill disjoin. Garth.
4. Refemblance ; conformity continued through many particu¬
lars; likenefs.
Such a refemblance of all parts,
Life, death, age, fortune, nature, arts;
She lights her torch at theirs to tell,
And fhew the world tqis parallel. Denham.
’Twixt earthly females and the moon.
All parallels exactly run. Swift’s Mifcel.
5. Companion made.
The parallel holds in the gainlefnefs, as well as laborioufnefs of the work. Decay of Piety.
A reader cannot be more rationally entertained, than by
comparing and drawing a parallel between his own private
charadler, and that of other perfons. Addifon.
6. Any thing refemblihg another.
Thou ungrateful brute, if thou wouldft find thyparallel, go
to hell, which is both the region and the emblem of ingrati¬
tude. South's Sermons.
For works like thefe, let deathlefs journals tell.
None but thyfelf can be thy parallel. Pope.
To Pa'rallel. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To place, fo as always to keep the fame direction with
another line.
The Azores having a middle fituation between thefe conti¬
nents and that vaft trad! of America, the needle feemeth
equally diftradted by both, and diverting unto neither, doth
parallel and place itfelf upon the true meridian. Brown.
2. To keep in the fame direction ; to level.
His life is parallel’d
Ev’n with the ftroke and line of his great juftice. Shakefp-.
3. To correfpond to.
That he ftretched out the north over the empty places,
feems to parallel the expreffionof David, he ftretched out the
earth upon the waters. Burnet.
4. To be equal to; to refemble through many particulars.
In the fire, the deftrudtion was fo fwift, fudden, vaft and
miferable, as nothing can parallel in ftory. Dryden.
5. To compare.
I parallel'd more than once, our idea of fuftance, with the
Indian philofopher’s he-knew-not^what, which fupported the
tortoife. ‘ Locke.
Paralle'lism. n.f. [parallelifme, Fr. from parallel.] State
of being parallel.
The parallelifn and due proportionated inclination of the
axis of the earth. More's Divine Dialogues.
Speaking of the parallelifn of the axis of the earth, I de¬
mand, whether it be better to have the axis of the earth
fteady and perpetually parallel to itfelf, or to have it carelefsly
tumble this way and that way. Ray on the Creation.
PARALLE'LOGRAM. n. f. [rcx^xXXnXog and ygdfxpx;
parallelograme, Fr.] In geometry, a right lined quadrilate¬
ral figure, whofe oppolite fides are parallel and equal. Harris.
The experiment we made in a loadftone of aparallelelogram,
or long figure, wherein only inverting the extremes, as it
came out of the fire, we altered the poles. Broivn.
We may have a clear idea of the area of z paraliogram,
without knowing what relation it bears to the area of a tri¬
angle. Watts's Logicki
Parallelogra'mical. adj. [from parallelogram.] Having
the properties of a parallelogram.
Parallelo'piped. n.f. [fromparallelepipeds, Fr.] A folid
figure contained under fix parallelograms, the oppofites of
which are equal and parallel; or it is a prifm, whofe bafe is
a parallelogram : it is always triple to a pyramid of the fame
bafe and height. Harris.
Two prifms alike in Ihape I tied fo, that their axes and
oppofite tides being parallel, they compofed a parallelopiped.
Newton's Optics.
Cryftals that hold lead are yellowifli, and of a cubic or
parallelopiped figure. Woodward<
Pa'ralogism; n.f. [TrxgxXo'ytcfxoq ", paralogifme, Fr.] A
falfe argument.
That becaufe they have not a bladder of gall, like thofe wd
obferve in others, they have no gall at all, is a paralogifm not
admittible, a fallacy that dwells notin a cloud, and needs not
the fun to fcatter it. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Modern writers, making the drachma lefs than the dena¬
rius, others equal, have been deceived by a double paralogifm,
in ftanding too nicely upou the bare words of the ancients,
without examining the things. Arbuthnot.
If a fyllogifm agree with the rules given for the conftru£tioii
of it, it is called a true argument: if it difagree with thefe
rules, it is a paralogifm, or falfe argument. Watts.
Pa'ralogy. n.f. Falfe reafoning.
That Methufelah was the longeft liver of all thepofterity of
Adam, we quietly believe ; but that he muft needs be fo, is
perhaps below parology to deny.- Brown.
PA'RALTSIS. [7Tx^xXwn; ; paralyfte, Fr.] A palfy.
Paraly'tical. } adj. [from paraly/is; paralytique, Fr.] Pal*
Paraly'tick. j lied; inclined to palfy.
Nought (hall it profit, that the charming fair.
Angelic, fofteft work of heav’n, draws near
To the cold fh'Mmvparalytick hand,
Senfelefs of beauty. Prior
If a nerve be cut or ftreightly bound, that goes to any
rnufclc* that mulcle fhall immediately lofeits motion; which
is the cafe of paralyticks. Derbam.
1 he difficulties of breathing and fwallowing, without any
tumour attei long difeafes, proceed commonly from a refolution or paralytica! difpofition of the parts. Arbuthnot.
Parameter.
\
PAR
Para'meter. n.f. The latus redlumof a parabola, is a thiid
proportional to the abfcifta and any ordinate ; fo that the
lquare of the ordinate is always equal to the rectangle under
th& parameter and abfcifta: but, in the elliphs and hyperbola,
it has a different proportion. Harris.
Paramount, adj. [per. and mount.]
I.Superiour ; having the higheft jurifdicuon; asloid^tfmount, the chief of the feigniory.
Leagues within the ftate are ever pernicious to monarchies ;
for they raife an obligation, paramount to obligation of overeignty, and make the king, tanquam unus ex nobis. Bacon.
The dogmatift’s opinioned aflurance is paramount to argu¬
ment D Glanville.
If all power be derived from Adam, by divine inftitution,.this
is a right antecedent and paramount to all government; and
therefore the pofitive laws of men cannot determine that
which is itfelf the foundation of all law. Locke.
Mankind, feeing the apoftles poffefl'ed of a power plainly
paramount to the powers of all the known beings, whether
angels or daemons,. could not queffion their being inspired by
Qocp Weft on the Rejurreftion.
2.Eminent; of the higheft order.
John a Chamber was hanged upon a gibbet raifed a ftage
hip-her in the midft of a fquare gallows, as a traitor para¬
mount-, and a number of his chief accomplices were hanged
upon the lower ftory round him. Bacon.
Paramount, n.f. The chief.
In order came the grand infernal peers,
’Midft came their mighty paramount. Milton's P. L.
Pa'ramour. n.f. [far and amour, hr.]
i. A lover or woer.
Upon the floor
A lovely bevy of fair ladies fat,
Courted of many a jolly paramour,
The which them did in modeftwile amate,
And each one fought his lady to aggrate. Fa. Queen.
No feafon then for her
To wanton with the fun her lufty paramour. Milt,
i. A miftrefs. It is obfolete in both fenfes, though not inele¬
gant or unmuffcal.
Shall I believe
That unfubftantial death is amorous,
And that the lean abhorred monfter keeps
Thee here in dark to be his paramour. Shakefpeare.
Paran ymph. n.f. [nagd and vuy.(pv ", paranymphe, Fr.J
1. A brideman ; one who leads the bride to her marriage.
The Timnian bride
Had not fo foon prefer’d
Thy paranymph, worthlefs to thee compar d,
Succeflor in thy bed. Milton s Agomfes.
2. One who countenances or fupports another.
Sin hath got a paranymph and a follicitor, a warrant and an
advocate. Taylor’s Worthy Communicant.
Para'pegm. n.f. [TTMgix.Trri'yP'Ot, 7ra,^ccxnynfJA.] A biazen
table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations were
anciently engraved : alfo a table let up publickly, containing
an account of the riling and letting of the ftars, echples ot
the fun and moon, the feafons of the year, &c. wnence
aftrologers give this name to the tables, on which they draw
figures according to their art. Philips.
Our forefathers, obferving the courfe of the fun, ano mark¬
ing certain mutations to happen in his progrefs through the
zodiac, fet them down in their parapegms, or aftronomical
canons> Brown’s Vulgar Lt rours.
Pa'rapet. n. f. [parapet, Fr. parapetto, Italian.] A wall
breaft high. ,
There was a wall or parapet of teeth fet in our mouth to
reftrain the petulancy of our words. _ Ben to mjon.
Paraphimo'sis. n.f. [nra,(><x.(pfu<ris ; paraphimoje, r r.j
difeafe when the praeputium cannot be drawn over the glans.
PARAPHERNALIA, n.f. [Lat. paraphernaux, Fr.] Goods
in the wife’s difpofal. .
PARAPHRASE, n.f. [ire^oKp^atrn i paraphrafe, Ir.j A loole
interpretation ; an explanation in many words.
All the laws of nations were but a paraphrafe upon this
ftandino- redlitude of nature, that was ready to enlarge itfelf
into fuitable determinations, upon all emergent objects and
-occafions. . . South’s Sermon^
In paraphrafe, or tranflation with latitude, the author s
words are not lb ftridtly followed as his fenfe, and that too
amplified, but not altered: fuch is Mr. Wallers tranflation
of Virgil’s fourth dEneid. /
To Pa'raphrasf.. v. a. [paraphrafer, Fr. 7r<x,^oVp^c/.fu.j io
interpret with laxity of expreffion ; to tranflate loolely.
We are put to conftrue and paraptmaje our own words, to
free ourfelves from the ignorance and malice of our adver¬
saries. Stillingfeet’s Def. of DiJ. on Romifh Idolatry.
What needs he paraphrafe on what we mean.
We were atworft but wanton ; lie’s obfccne. Dryden.
Where tranflation is impracticable, they may paraphrafe.
But it is intolerable, that under a pretence of paraphraftng
7
P A R
and tranflatinr, a way fhould be fullered of treating authors
to a manifeft difadvantage. Felton on the Clafftcks.
Pa/raphrast. n.f. [paraplorafe, Fr. ir<x,g<z(pgc<.r>is.] A lax
interpreter; one who explains in many wolds.
The fitteft for publick audience are fuch, as following a
middle courfe between the rigor of literal tranflators and the
liberty of paraphrajls, do, with great fhortneis and plainefs,
deliver the meaning. t
The chaldcan paraphraji , rulers Gerah by Meatn. jit bulb.
Paraphra'stical, 7 ajd. [from paraphrafe.] Lax in ^interParaphra'stic. 1 pretation, no: literal; not verbal
PaRAPHRENI'tis. n.f. [ttcc^cc and (pasvirK:; paraphrenejief r.j
Paraphrenitis is an inflammation of the diaphragm.. I he
fymptoms are a violent fever, a moft exquiffte pain mcreafed upon infpiration, by which it is diftinguiflucd from a
pleurify, in which the greateft pain is in expiration. Arbutlx.
Pa'RAsang. n.f. [parafanga, low Latin.] A Perfian. xneafure
of length.
Since the mind is not able to frame an idea of any fpacc
without parts, inftead thereof it makes ufe of the common
rneafures, which, by familiar ufe, in each country, have
imprinted themfelves on the memory ; as inches and feet, or
cubits and parafangs. _ Locke.
PA'RASITE. n.f. [parafite, Fr. parafia, Latin.] One that
frequents rich tables, and earns his welcome by flattery.
He is a flatterer,
A parafite, a keeper back of death.
Who gently would difiolvethe bands of life,
Which falfe hopes linger. Shakefpeare.
Moft finding, fmooth, detefted parafites.
Courteous deftroyers, affable wolves, meek bears.
You fools of fortune. Shakefpeare.
Come, you parafite, anfwer me
Diredlly to this queffion. Shakefpeare.
Diogenes, when mice came about him, as he was eating,
Paid, I fee, that even Diogenes nourifheth parafites. Bacon.
Thou, with trembling fear.
Or like a fawning parafite, obeyed;
Then to thyfelf afcrib’ft the truth foretold. Milton.
The people fweat not for their king’s delight,
T’ enrich a pimp, or raife a parafite. Dryden.
Parasi'tical. i adj. [parafitique, Fr. from parafite.] FlatParasi'tick. 5 tering; wheedling.
The bifhop received fmall thanks for his parafitick prefentation. Hake-will on Providencef
Some parafitick preachers have dared to call thofe martyrs,
who died fighting againft me. King Charles.
Pa'rasol. n.f A fmall fort of canopy or umbrello carried
over the head, to Ihelter from rain and the heat of the fun.
Diet.
Parasynaxis. n.f In the civil law, a conventicle or un¬
lawful meeting. __ , ^ Did.
Ho Pa’rboil. v. a. [parhouiller, French.] io half boil;
to boil in part. %
Parboil two large capons upon a foft fire, by the fpace of
an hour, till, in effeft, all the blood be gone. Bacon.
From the fea into the fhip we turn.
Like parboil’d wretches, on the coals to burn. Donne.
Like the feum, ftarved men did draw.
From parboil’d fhoes and boots. Donne.
ToPARBREAK. v.n. [brecker, Dutch.] To vomit.
Parbreak. n.f. [from the verb.] Vomit.
Her filthy parbreak all the place defiled has. Fa. Quecth
PARCEL, n.f parcelle, French; particula, Latin.]
1. A fmall bundle.
2. A part of the whole taken feparately.
Women, Silvius, had they mark’d him
In parcels, as I did, would have gone near
To fall in love with him. Shakefpeare.
I drew from her a prayer of earneft heart.
That I would all my pilgrimage dilate;
Whereof by parcels fhe had fomething heard.
But not diftindtively. Shakejpear’s OthelloAn inventory thus importing.
The feveral parcels of his plate, his treaftire.
Rich fluffs and ornaments of houlhold. Shakefpeare.
I have known penfions given to.particular perfons, any one
of which, if divided into fmaller parcels, and diftributed to
thofe, who diftinguilh themfelves by wit or learning, would
anfwer the end. Swift.
The fame experiments fucceed on two parcels of the white
of an egg, only it grows fomewhat thicker upon mixing with
an acid". Arluihnot<m Aliments.
3. A quantity or niafs.
What can be rationally conceived in fo tranfparent a fubftance as water for the production ol thele colours, befides
the various fizes of its fluid and globular parcels. Newton.
4. A number of perfons, in contempt.
This youthful parcel
Of noble bachelors ltand at my bellowing. Shakefp.
5. Any
PAR
e. Any number or quantity in contempt.
They came to this conclufion; that, unlefs they could, by
a parcel of fair words and pretences, engage them into a con¬
federacy, there was no good to be done. L'Ejlrangc.
To Pa'rcel. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To divide into portions. i .
If they allot and parcel out feveral perfedlions to feveral
deities do they not, by this, aflert contradictions, making
deity only to fuch a meafure perfedt ; whereas a deity implies
perfection beyond all meafure. South's Sermons.
1 Thofe ghoftly kings would parcel out my pow’r,
And all the fatnefs of my land devour. Dryden.
2. To make up into a mafs.
What a wounding fhame,
That mine own fervant fhould
* Parcel the fum of my difgraces by
Addition of his envy ! Shakefp.
Pa'rcener. n.J'. [In common law.] When one dies pofleffed
of an eftate, and having iffue only daughters, or his fitters be
his heirs ; fo that the lands defeend to thofe daughters or fitters :
* thefe are called parceners, and are but as one heir. Dift.
Parce/NERY. n.J'. [from parfonier, Fr.] A holding or occupy¬
ing of land by more perfons pro indivifo, or by joint tenants,
otherwile called coparceners: for if they refute to divide their
common inheritance, and chufe rather to hold it jointly, they
are faid to hold in parcinarie. Cowel.
To Parch, v. a. [from tts^xocuiv, fays Junius ; from percoquo,
fays Skinner; neither of them feem fatisiied with their con- donable in us from ancient fountains ?
jeCture : perhaps from perujlus, burnt, to perujl, to parch ; Pa'rdonableness. n.J. [from pardonable.]
perhaps from parebtnent, the efteCt of fire upon parchment
being almoft proverbial.] To burn flightly and fuperficially ;
to fcorch ; to dry up.
Hath thy fiery heart fo parcht thine entrails.
That not a tear can fall ? Shakefp.
Did he fo often lodge in open field
In winter’s cold, and fummer’s parching heat.
To conquer France ? Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Torrid heat,
And vapours as the Libyan air aduft,
Began to parch that temperate clime. Milton's Par. Lofl.
Pm ftupify’d with forrow, paft relief
Of tears ; parch'd up and wither’d with my grief. Dryden.
Without this circular motion of our earth, one hemifphere
would be condemned to perpetual cold and darknefs, the other
continually roafted and parched by the fun beams, Ray.
The Syrian ftar
With his fultry breath infeCts the fky ;
The ground below is parch'd> the heav’ns above us fry.
Dryden's Horace,
Full fifty years
I have endur’d the biting winter’s blaft.
And the feverer heats of parching fummer. Rowe.
He is like a man diftreffed with third in the parched places
of the wildernefs, he fearches every pit, but finds no water.
Rogers's Sermons.
To Parch, v.n. To be fcorched.
We were better parch in Africk fun,
Than in the pride and fait fcorn of his eyes. Shakefpeare.
If to prevent the acrofpiring, it be thrown thin, many
corns'will dry and parch into barley. Mart. Hujb.
Pa'rchment. n.J'. [parchemin, French ; perga?nena, Latin.]
Skins dreffed for the writer. Among traders, the Ikins of
fheep are called parchment, thofe of calves vellum.
Is not this a lamentable thing, that the fkin of an innocent
lamb fhould be made parchment; that parchment, being feribbied o’er, fhould undo a man ? Shakefp. Hen. VI.
In the coffin, that had the books, they were found as frefh
as if newly written, being written in parchment, and covered
with watch candles of wax. Bacon,
Like flying fliades before the clouds we fliew.
We fhrink like parchment in confuming flame. Dryden.
Pa'rchment-maker. n. f. [parchment and maker.] He who
dreffes parchment.
Pard. \n.J~. [pardus, pardalis, Latin.] The leopard j
PaTdale. j in poetry, any of the fpotted beafts.
The pardale fwift, and the tyger cruel. Fa. Sateen.
As fox to lambs, as wolf to heifer’s calf ;
As patd to the hind, or ftep-dame to her fon. Shakefpeare.
'ten brace of greyhounds, fnowy fair,
And tall as flags, ran loofe, and cours’d around his chair,
A match forpards in flight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden.
To PAfRDON. v. a. [pardonner, French.]
1. To excufe an offender.
When I beheld you in Cilicia,
An enemy to Rome, I pardon'd you. Dryden.
2. To forgive a crime.
3. 'Fo remit a penalty.
That thou may’ll fee the difference of our fpirit,
I pardon thee thy life before thou afk it. Shakefpeare.
4. Pardon ?ncy is a word of civil denial, or flight apology.
Sir, pa> don me, it is a letter from my brother* Shakefp.
Pa'rdon. n.f [pardon, Fr. from the verb.]
x. Forgivenefs of an offender*
PAR
2. Forgivenefs of a crime ; indulgence.
lie that pleafeth great men, fhall get pardon for iniquity..
Eccluf. xx. 27.
A flight painphlet, about the elements of architenure, hath
been entertained with fome pardon among my friends. IVotUn.
3. Remiffion of penalty.
4. Forgivenefs received.
A man may be fafe as to his condition, but, in the mean
time, dark and doubtful as to his appreheniions ; fecure in his
pardon, but miferable in the ignorance of it; and fo paffing
all his days in the difconfolate, uneafy viciffitudes of hopes
and fears, at length go out of the world, not knowing whi¬
ther he goes. South's Sermons.
5. Warrant of forgivenefs, or exemption from punifhment.
The battle done, and they within our power.
Shall never fee his pardon. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Pa'rdonable. adj. [.pardonable, Fr. from pardon;] Venial;
excufable.
That which we do being evil, is notwithflanding by fo
much more pardonable, by how much the exigences of fo
doing, or the difficulty of doing otherwife is greater, unlefs
this neceffity or difficulty have originally rifen from ourfelves. Hooker.
A blind man fitting in the chimney corner is pardonable
enough, but fitting at the helm, he is intolerable. South.
What Englifh readers, unacquainted with Greek or Latin;
will believe me, when we confefs we derive all that is parDryden.
Venialnefs ; fufceptibility of pardon.
Saint John’s word is, all fin is tranfgreffion of the law;
Saint Paul’s, the wages of fin is death : put thefe two toge¬
ther, and this conceit of the natural pardonablenefs of fin vanifhes away. Hall.
Pa'rdonably. aclv. [from pardonable.] Venially ; excufably.
I may judge when I write more or lefs pardonably. Dryden.
Pa'rdoner. n.f. [from pardon.].
1. One who forgives" another.
This is his pardon, purchas’d by fuch fin,
For which the pardoner himfelf is in. Shakefp.
2. Fellows that carried about the pope’s indulgeneies, and fold
them to fuch as would buy them, againft whom Luther incenfed the people of Germany. Cowel.
To Pare. v. a. [This word is reafonably deduced by Skinner
from the French phrafe, parer les ongles, to drefs the horfes
hoofs when they are fhaved by the farrier : thus we firft faid,
pare your nails ; and from thence transfered the word to ge¬
neral ufe.] To cut off extremities or the furface; to cut
away by little and little ; to diminifh.
The creed of Athanafius, and that facred hymn of glory,
than which nothing doth found more heavenly in the ears of
faithful men, are now reckoned as fuperfluities, which we
muff: in any cafe pare away, left we cloy God with too
much fervice. Hooker'.
I have not alone
Imploy’d you where high profits might come home ;
But par'd my prefent havings to beftow
My bounties upon you. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
I am a man, whom fortune hath cruelly icratch’d.
.—5Tis too late to pare her nails now. Shakefp'.
The lion, mov’d with pity, did endure
To have his princely paws all par'd away. > Shakefp.
The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy, or¬
daining that clerks convidl, fhould be burned in the hand.
Bacon's Hen. \iI.
Pick out of tales the mirth, but not the fin.
He pares his apple, that will cleanly feed. _ Herbert.
Whoever will partake of God’s fecrets, muff firft look
into his own, he muff: pare off whatfoever is amifs, and not
without holinefs approach to the holieft of all holies. Taylor.
All the mountains were pared off the earth, and the furface of it lay even, or in an equal convexity every where
with the furface of the fea. Burnet.
The moft poetical parts, which are defeription and images,
were to be pared away, when the body was fwollen into toes
large a bulk for the reprelentation of the ftage. Dryden.
The fword, as it was juftly drawn by us, fo can it fcarce
fafely be fheathed, ’till the power of the great troubler of
our peace be fo far pared and reduced, as that we may be
under no apprehenfions. Atterbury.
’Twere well if flie would pare her nails. Pope.
Parego'rick. adj. [iragw'yogix.ci.] Having the power in me¬
dicine to comfort, mollify and afluage. Dipt.
PARENCHYMA, n.f. [rrccgiy^vy-oc.] A fpongy or porous
fubftance; in phyfick, a part through which the blood is
ftrained for its better fermentation and perfedtion, Didi.
Parenchy'matous. I adj. [from parenchyma.] Relating to
Parenchy'mous. J the parenchyma ; fpongy.
Ten thouland feeds of the plant, hart’s-tongue, hardly
make the bulk of a pepper-corn. Now the covers and true
body of each feed, the parenchymatous and ligneous parts of
both moderately multiplied, afford an hundred thoufand mil¬
lions of formed atoms in the fpace of a pepper-corn. Grew.
jg D Thofe
PAR PAR
Thofe parts, formerly reckoned parenchymatous, are now
found to be bundles of exceedingly fmall threads, Cheyne.
Pare'nesis. n.f. [VaeaiWi?.] Perfuafion. DiEt.
PA'&ENT. n.f. £parent, Fr. parens, Latin.j A father or
mother.
All true virtues are to honour true religion as their parent,
and all well-ordered commonwcalcs to love her as their
chiefeft flay. Hooker.
As a publick parent of the ftate,
My juftice, and thy crime, requires thy fate, Dryden.
In vain on the diflembl’d mother’s tongue
Had cunning art, and fly perfuafion hung ;
And real care in vain and native love
In the true parent's panting bread: had drove. Prior.
Pa'rentage. n.f. [parentage, Fr. from parent.] Extraction ;
birth ; condition with refpect to the rank of parents.
A gentleman of noble parentage,
Of fair demeafns, youthful and nobly allied. Shakefp.
Though men efteem thee low of parentage,
Thy father is th’ eternal king. Milton s Par. Reg.
To his levee go.
And from himfelf your parentage may know. Dryden.
We find him not only boading of his parentage, as an
Ifraelite at large, but particularizing his defcent from Ben¬
jamin. Atterbury s Sermons.
Pare'ntal. adj. [from parent.] Becoming parents ; pertain¬
ing to parents.
It overthrows the careful courfe and parental provifion of
nature, whereby the young ones newly excluded, are fuftained by the dam. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Thefe eggs hatched by the warmth of the fun into little
worms, feed without any need of parental care. Derha?n.
Young ladies, on whom parental controul fits heavily,
give a man of intrigue room to think, that they want to be
parents. Clarijfa.
Parenta'tion. n.f. [from parcnto, Latin.] Something done
or Paid in honour of the dead.
PARE'NTHESIS. n.f. [parenthefe, Fr. nrxod, h and TiS’Tfywu.]
A fentence lb included in another fentence, as that it may
be taken out, without injuring the fenfe of that which inclofes it: being commonly marked thus, ( ).
In vain is my perfon excepted by a parenthefis of words,
when fo many hands are armed againft me with fwords.
King Charles.
In his Indian relations, are contained ftrangeand incredible
accounts ; he is leldom mentioned, without a derogatory
parenthefis, in any author. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Thou (halt be feen,
Tho’ with fome fhort parenthefis between,
High on the throne of wit. Dryden.
Don’t fuffer every occafional thought to carry you away
into a long parenthefis, and thus ftretch out your difcourfe,
and divert you from the point in hand. Watts's Logick.
Parenthetical, adj. [from parenthefis,’] Pertaining to a
parenthefis.
Pa'rer. n.f. [from pare.] An inftrument to cut away the
furface.
A hone and a parer, like foie of a boot,
To pare away grafle, and to raile up the root. Tujfer.
Pa'rergy. n.f. [7and ’igyov.] Something unimportant ;
lomething done by the by.
The fcripture being ferious, and commonly omitting fuch
parergies, it will be unrealonable to condemn all laughter.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PA'RGET. n.f Plafter laid upon roofs of rooms.
Gold was the parget, and the deling bright
Did fhine all fcaly with great plates of gold ;
The floor with jafp and emerald was dight. Spenfer.
Of Englilh talc, the coarfer fort is called plafler or parget;
the finer, Ipaad. Woodward.
To Pa'rget. v. a. [from the noun.] To plafter; to cover
with plafter.
There are not more arts of difguifing our corporeal blemifties than our moral; and yet, while we thus paint and
parget our own deformities, we cannot allow any the leaft
imperfection of another’s to remain undetected.
Government of the Tongue.
Pa'rgeter. n.f [from pargeo.] A plafterer.
Parhe'lion. n.f 7and riAio?.] A mock fun.
To neglect that fupreme refplendency, that fhines in God,
for thofe dim reprefentations of it, that we fo doat on in the
creature, is as abfurd, as it were for a Perfian to offer his
facrifice to a parheIiont inftead of adoring the fun. Boyle.
ParPetal, adj. [from paries, Latin.] (Jonftituting the fides
or walls.
The lower part of the parietal and upper part of the tem¬
poral bones were fractured. Sharp's Surgery.
Pari'etary. n.f. [parietairCy Fr. paries, Lat.] An herb. Ainf
Pairing, n.f [from pare.] That which is pared off any
thing; the rind.
Virginity breeds mites, much like a chcefe; and confumes
Itfelf to the very paring. Shakefpeare.
To his gueft, tho’ no way fparing,
He eat himfelf the rind and paring. Pope.
In May, after rain, pare oft the furface of the earth, and
with the parings raife your hills high, and enlarge their
breadth. Mot timer's Hufbahdry.
Pa'ris. n.f. An herb. Ainfwl
PA'RISH. n.f. [parcchia, low Lat. paroijfe, Fr. of the Greek
zstx.ooiy.ioo, i. e. accolarum conventus, accolatus, facra vieinia.]
The particular charge of a fecular prieft. Every church is ei¬
ther cathedral, conventual, or parochial : cathedral is that,
where there is a bifhop feated, fo called a cathedra : conven¬
tual confifts of regular clerks, profeffing fome order of reli¬
gion, or of a dean and chapter, or other college of fpiritual
men : parochial is that which is inftituted for faying divine fervice, and adminiftring the holy facraments to the people, dwel-^
ling within a certain compafs of ground near unto it. Our
realm was firft divided into parifltes by Honorius, archbifhop
of Canterbury, in the year of our Lord 636. Cowel.
Dametas came piping and dancing, the merrieft man in a
parijh. Sidney.
The tythes, his parijh freely paid, he took ;
But never fu’d, or curs’d with bell or book. Dryden.
Pa'rish. adj.
1. Belonging to the parifh ; having the care of the parifti.
ApariJb prieft was of the pilgrim train.
An awful, reverend and religious man. Dryden.
Not paVJh clerk, who calls the pfalms fo clear. Gay.
The office of the church is performed by the parijh prieft,
at the time of his interment. Aylijfe.
A man, after his natural death, was not capable ofthe leaft
parif office. Aibuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scrib.
2. Maintained by the parifti.
The ghoft and theparif) girl are entire new characters. Gay.
Par/shioner. n. f. [paroifien, Fr. from parijh.] One that
belongs to the parifti.
I praife the Lord for you, and fo may my parijhionrrs ; for
their fons are well tutor’d by you. Shakefpeare.
Hail bifhop Valentine, whole day this is.
All the air is thy diocefe ;
And all the chirping chorifters
And other birds are thy parifhioners. Donne.
In the greater out parishes, many of the parifnoners, thro’
neglect, do perifh. Graunt.
I have depofited thirty marks, to be diftributed among the
poor parifnoners. Addijon s Spectator.
Pa'ritor. n.f. [for apparitor.] A beadle; a fummoner of
the courts of civil law.
You fhall be fummon’d by an hoft of paritours; you fhall
be fentenced in the fpiritual court. Dryden.
Pa'rity. n.f. [parite,Fr.paritas,L.at..] Equality; refemblance.
We may here juftly tax the diftionefty and fhamefulnefs of
the mouths, who have upbraided us with the opinion of a
certain ftoical parity of fins. Hall.
That Chrift or his apoftles ever commanded to fet up fuch
a parity of prefbyters, and in fuch a way as thofe Scots endea¬
vour, I think is not very difputable. K. Charles.
Survey the total fet of animals, and we may, in their legs
or organs of progreffion, obferve an equality of length and
parity of numeration ; that is, not any to have an odd leg, or
the movers of one fide not exactly anfvvered by the other.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Thofe accidental occurrences, which excited Socrates to
the difeovery of fuch an invention, might fall in with that
man that is of a perfect parity with Socrates. Hale.
Their agreement, in eftential characters, makes rather
an identity than a parity. Glanvil’e.
Women could not live in that parity and equality of expencc
with their hufbands, as now they do. Graunt.
By an exaCt parity of reafon, we may argue, if a man has
no fenfe of thofe kindneffes that pafs upon him, from one like
himfelf, whom he fees and knows, how much lefs fhall his
heart be affected with the grateful fenfe of his favours, whom
he converfes with only by imperfect fpeculations, by the difcourfes of reafon, or the difeoveries of faith ? South's Sermons.
By parity of reafon, we muff expect a peace fo much worfc
about two years hence. Swift's MifceUahw.
PARK. n.f. [peappuc, Sax. pare, Fr. ] A piece of ground incloled and ftored with wild beafts of chafe, which a"man may
have by prefeription or the king’s grant. Manwood, in his
foreft-law, defines it thus : a park is a place for privilege for
wild beafts of venery, and alfo for other wild beafts that
are beafts of the foreft and of the chafe: and thofe wild
beafts are to have a firm peace and protection there, fo that
no man may hurt or chafe them within the park, without licenfe of the owner : a park is of another nature, than either
a chafe or a warren ; for a park muft be inclofed, and may
not lie open ; if it docs, it is a good caule of feizure into the
king’s hands : and the owner cannot have action againft fuch
as hunt in his park, if it lies open. Ctrwel.
We have parks and inclofures of all forts of beafts ami
birds, which we ufe not only for view or rarenefs, but likewife for dirtections and trials. Bacon.
9 To Park.
PAR PAR
To Park. V. a. [from the noun.] To inclofe as in a park.
How are we park'd) and bounded in a pale i
A little herd of England’s tim’rous deer,
Maz’d with a yelping kennel of I reach curs. Shakefp.
Pa rker, n.f [frompark.] A park-keeper. Ainfworth.
Pa'rkleavfs. n.J. An herb. Ainfworth.
Parie. n.J- [from parler) French.] Converfation; talks
oral treaty j oral difcuflion of any thing.
Of all the gentlemen.
That every day with parie encounter me.
In thy opinion, which is worthieft love ? Shakefpeare.
Our trumpet call’d you to this general parie. Shakefp.
The bilhop, by a parie, is, with a {how
Of combination, cunningly betray’d. Daniel.
Why meet we thus, like wrangling advocates,
To urge the juftice of our caufe with words ?
I hate this parie ; ’tis tame : if we muft meet.
Give me my arms. Rowe's-Ambitious Step-mother.
To PARLEY, v.n. [from parler, French.] To treat by word
of mouth; to talk ; to dilcufs any thing orally. It is much
ufed in war for a meeting of enemies to talk.
A Turk defired the captain to fend fome, with whom they
might more conveniently parley. Knolles's Hift. of the Turks.
He parleys with her a while, as imagining ihe would advife
him to proceed. Broome.
Pa'rley. n. f. [from the verb.] Oral treaty; talk; confe¬
rence ; difcuflion by word of mouth.
Seek rather by parley to recover them, than by the fword. Sid.
Well, by my will, we Ihall admit no parley:
A rotten cafe abides no handling. Shakefpeare.
In fuch a parley fhould I anfvver thee. Shakefp.
Summon a parley/, we will talk with him. Shakefp.
Let us refolve never to have any parley with our lufts, but
to make fome confiderable progrefs in our repentance. Galamy.
No gentle means could be eflay’d ;
’Twas beyond parley when the flege was laid. Dryden.
Force never yet a generous heart did gain ;
We yield on parley’) but are {form’d in vain. Dryden.
Yet when fome better fated youth
Shall with his am’rous parley move thee.
Reflect one moment on his truth,
Who, dying thus, perflfts to love thee. Prior.
PA'RLIAMENT. n.f. [ parliamentum, low Latin ; parlement)
French.] In England, is the aflembly of the king and three
ftates of the realm ; namely, the lords Spiritual, the lords
temporal, and commons, for the debating of matters touch-
' ing the commonwealth, especially the making and corre&ing
of laws ; which aflembly or court is, of all others, the higheft, and of greateft authority. Cornel.
The king is fled to London,
To call a prefent court of pariament. Shakefpeare.
Far be the thought of this from Henry’s heart.
To make a fhambles of the parliament houfe. Shakefpeare.
The true ufe of parliaments is very excellent; and be often
called, and continued as long as is neceffary. Bacon.
I thought the right way of parliaments the mod fafe for
my crown, as beft pleafing to my people. King Charles.
Thefe are mob readers : if Virgil and Martial flood for
parliament-men, we know who would carry it. Dryden.
Parliamentary, adj. [from parliament.] Enacted by par¬
liament; fuiting the parliament; pertaining to parliament.
To the three flrft titles of the two houfes, or lines, and
conqueft, were added two more ; the authorities parliamentary
and papal. Bacon.
Many things, that obtain as common law, had their ori¬
ginal by parliamentary acts or conftitutions, made in writings
by the king, lords, and commons. Hale.
Credit to run ten millions in debt, without parliamentary
fecurity, I think to be dangerous and illegal. Swift.
Pa'rlour. n.f. [ parloir, French ; parlatorio) Italian.]
1. A room in monafteries, where the religious meet and converfe.
2. A room in houfes on the flrft floor, elegantly furniflied for
reception or entertainment.
Can we judge it a thing feemly for a man to go about the
building of an houfe to the God of heaven, with no other
appearance than if his end were to rear up a kitchen or a
parlour for his own ufe ? Hooker.
Back again fair Alma led them right.
And foon into a goodly parlour brought. Fairy Hfucen.
It would be infinitely more fhameful, in the drels of the
kitchen, to receive the entertainments of the parlour. South.
Roof and fides were like a parlour made,
A (oft recefs, and a cool fummer {hade. Dryden.
PA'RLOUS. adj. [This might feem to come from parler, Fr.
to fpeak ; but Junius derives it, I think, rightly, trom peri¬
lous, in which lenfe it anfwers to the Latin improbus.] Keen;
fprightly; waggifli.
Midas durft communicate
To none but to his wife his ears of ftate;
One muft be trufted, and he thought her fit,
As palling prudent, and a parlous wit. Dryden.
Pa'rlousness. n.f. [from parlous.] Quicknefsj keennefs of
temper.
Parma-citty. n.f. Corruptcdly foxfperma ceti. Alnfw.
Pa'rNel. n.f [The diminutive ofpetronella.] A punk ; a flut.
Obfolete. Skinner.
Paro'chial. adj. [parochialis, from parochia, low Latin.]
Belonging to a parilh.
The married ftate of parochial paftors hath given them the
opportunity of Getting a more exadf and univerfal pattern of
holy living, to the people committed to their charge. Atterb.
PA'RODY. n.f [ parodle, Fr. ttz^uiSIcc.] A kind of writing,
in which the words of an author or his thoughts are taken,
and by a flight change adapted to fome new purpofe.
The imitations of the ancients are added together with
fome of the parodies and allufions to the moft excellent of the
moderns. Pope's Dunciad.
To Pa'rody. v.a. [ partidier, Fr. from parody.] To copy by
way of parody.
I have tranflated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace,
in which I introduce you advifing me. Pope.
Par o'nymous. adj. [7Refembling another word.
Shew your critical learning in the etymology of terms, the
fynonimous and the paronymous or kindred names. Watts.
Pa'role. n.f. [parole) French.] Word given as an aflurance;
promife given by a prifoner not to go away.
Love’s votaries enthral each other’s foul,
’Till both of them live but upo-n parole. Cleaveland.
Be very tender of your honour, and not fall in love; becaufe I have a fcruple whether you can keep your parole, if
you become a prifoner to the ladies. Sivift.
Pa ronoma sia . n.f. [TTxgiovouzcrix.] A rhetorical figure, in
which, by the change of a letter or fyllable, feveral things
are alluded to. It is called, in Latin, agnominaiio. Dili.
Pa'roquet. n.f. [parroquet, or perroquet, French.] A fmall
fpecies of parrot.
The great, red and blue, are parrots ; the middlemoft,
called popinjays; and the leller, parroquets: in all above
twenty forts. Grew.
I would not give my paroquet
For all the doves that ever flew. Prior.
Parony'citia. n.f. [ TTxcu'ixr'/fx ; paronychie, Fr. ] A pre¬
ternatural fwelling or fore under the root of the nail in one’s
finger; a felon ; a whitlow. Dili.
Pa'rotid. adj. [parotide, Fr. 7raouV() nc/^oi and cT-rcc.] Sali¬
vary: fo named becaufe near the ears.
Beafts and birds, having one common ufe of fpittle, are
furnifhed with the parotid glands, which help to fupply the
mouth with it. Grew.
Pa'rotis. n.f. [irolpulu;.] A tumour in the glandules behind
and about the ears, generally called the emunftories of the
brain; though, indeed, they are the external fountains of
the faliva of the mouth. Wifeman.
Pa'roxysm. n.f. [7rzgo'£v(r[j.os; paroxyfme, French.] A fit ;
periodical exacerbation of a difeafe.
I fancied to myfelf a kind of eafe, in the change of the
paroxyjm. Dryden.
Amorous girls, through the fury of an hyfterick paroxypn,
are call: into a trance for an hour. Harvey.
The greater diftance of time there is between the paroxyfms,
the fever is lefs dangerous, but more obftinate. Arbutbnot.
Pa'rricide. n.f. [parricide, French; parricida, Latin.]
1. One who deftroys his father.
I told him the revenging gods
’Gainft parricides did all the thunder bend;
Spoke with how manifold and ftrong a bond
The child was bound to th’ father. Shakefpeare.
2 One who deftroys or invades any to whom he owes particu¬
lar reverence ; as his country or patron.
3. [Parricide) Fr. parricidium, Lat.] The murder of a father;
murder of one to whom reverence is due.
Although he were a prince in military virtue approved, and
likewile a good law-maker; yet his cruelties and parricides
weighed down his virtues. Bacon.
Mofat was always bloody, now he’s bafe ;
And has fo far in ufurpation gone,
He will by parricide fecure the throne. Dryden.
Parrici'dial. jadj. [from parriciday Latin.] Relating to
Parrici'dious, j parricide; committing parricide.
He is now paid in his own way, the parricidious animal,
and punifliment of murtherers is upon him. Brozvn*
Pa'rrot. n.f. [perroquet, French.] A particoloured bird of
the fpecies of the hooked bill, remarkable for the exaift imi¬
tation of the human voice.
Some will ever more peep through their eyes,
And laugh like parrots at a bag-piper. Shakefp,eare.
Who taught the parrot human notes to try ?
’Twas witty want, fierce hunger to appeafe. Dryden.
The great, red, and blue, turret: of thefe, the middle¬
moft are called popinjays; and the leller, parroquets : in all
above twenty forts. 1 Gretv.
To Pa'rry. v. n. [purer, French.] To put by thrufts; to fence.
A man of courage, who cannot fence, and will put all
upon one thruft, and not ftand parrying) has the odds again!!
a moderate fencer. Locke.
I could
PAR
I could
By dint of logick ftrike thee mute ;
With learned ikill, now pufh, now parry, ,
From Darii to Bocardo vary. 1 nor'
To Parse, v. a. [from pars, Latin.] To refolve a fentence
into the elements or parts of Ipeech. It is a word only ufc
in grammar fchools.
Let him conftrue the letter into Englifh, and par/e it oyer
perfedll y. Afcham s Schoolmafer.
Let fcholars reduce the words to their original, to the fnft
cafe of nouns, or firft tenfe of verbs, and give an account of
their formations and changes, their fyntax and dependencies,
which is called parfing. Watt?s Improv. of the Mind.
Parsimonious, adj. [from pafimony.] Covetous; frugal;
fparing. It is fometimes of a good, lometimes of a bad fenfe.
A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant, than a parfimonious;
fo'r ftore at home draweth not his contemplations abroad, but
want fupplieth itfelf of what is next. ^ Bacon.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may fpare us the ex¬
pence of many years, whereas a long parfimonious war will
drain us of more men and money. Addifon.
Parfimonious age and rigid wildom. . Rowe.
Parsimoniously, adv. [from parfimonious.] Covetoufly;
frugally; fparingly.
Our anceflors added parftmomoujly, becaufe they only fpent
their own treafure for the good of their pofterity; whereas
we fquandered away the treafures of our pofterity. Swift.
Parsimo'niousness. n.f [from parfimonious.] A difpolition
to fpare and fave.
PARSI'MONY. n.f. [ parfmania, Latin.] Frugality; covetoufnefs ; niggardlinefs ; faving temper.
The ways to enrich are many : parfimony is one of the
heft, and yet is not innocent; for it withholdeth men from
works of liberality. Bacon.
Thefe people, by their extreme parfimony, foon grow into
wealth from the fmalleft beginnings. • Swift.
Pa'rsleY. n.f [perfl,Yr. opium, Lat. perfi, Welfh.] The
leaves are divided into wings, growing upon a branched rib,
and for the moft part cut into fmall fegments: the petals of
the flowers are whole and equal, each flower being fucceeded
bv two gibbous channelled feeds. Miller.
J A wench married in the afternoon, as fhe went to the gar¬
den for parfey to fluff a rabbit. Shakefpeare.
Green beds of parfey near the river grow. Dryden.
Sempronia dug Titus out of the parfey-bed, as they ufe to
tell children, and thereby became his mother. Locke.
n.f [ pafinaca, Latin.] A plant with rofe and
umbellated flowers, confifting of many petals or leaves placed
orbicularly, and refting on the empalement, which turns to
a fruit compofed ol two feeds, which are oval, and generally
calling off their cover; to which you may add, that.the leaves
are winged and large. Miller.
November is drawn in a garment of changeable green,
and black bunches of parfneps and turneps in his right hand.
Peacham on Blazoning.
PARSON, n.f [Derived either from perfona, becaufe the
parfon omnium perjonam in ecclcfta luftinet; 01 from pat ocheanus, the parifh prieft. ]
j The prieft of a parifh ; one that has a parochial charge or
cure of fouls. „
Abbot was preferred by king James to the bifhoprick ot Co¬
ventry and Litchfield, before he had been parfon, vicar, or
curate of any parifh church. Clarendon.
2. A clergyman. . ..
Sometimes comes floe with a tithe pig s tail.
Tickling thepar/on as he lies afleep;
Then dreams he of another benefice. _ Shakefp.
q. It is applied to the teachers of the prefbyterians.
. Pa'rsonage. n.f [from parfon.'] The benefice of a
parifh.
I have given him the parfonage of the parifh. Addijon.
PART. n.f. [pars, Latin.]
j. Something lels than the whole ; a portion ; a quantity taken
from a larger quantity.
Helen’s cheeks, but not her heart,
Atalanta’s better part. Shake,p.
The people flood at the nether part of the mount.
Exodus xix. 17.
This law wanted not parts of prudent and deep forefight;
for it took away occafion to pry into the king’s title. Bacon.
The citizens were for the moft part flain or taken. Knolles.
Henry had divided
The perion of himfelf into four parts. Daniel.
Thefe conclude that to happen often, which happeneth
but fometimes •, that never, which happeneth but feldom; and
that always, which happeneth for the moft part. Brown.
Befides bis abilities as a foldier, which were eminent, he
had very great parts of breeding, being a very great fcholar in
the political parts of learning. Clarendon.
When your judgment fhall grow ftronger, it will be nervffary to examine, part by part, thofe works which have
given reputation to the mafters, Dryden.
PAR
Of he'avenly part, and part of earthly blood ;
A mortal woman mixing with a god. Dryden.
Our ideas of extenfion and number, do they not contain a
fecret relation of the parts ? Locke.
2. Member. _
He fully poffeffcd the revelation he had received from God :
all the parts were formed, in his mind, into one harmonious
body. Locke‘
3. That which, in divifion, falls to each.
Go not without thy wife, but let me bear
My part of danger, with an equal fhare. Dryden.
Had I been won, I had deferv’d your blame ;
But fure my part was nothing but the fhame. Dryden.
4. Share; concern.
Forafmuch as the children are partakers of flefh and blood,
he alfo took part of the fame. Hebrews ii. 14.
Sheba faid, we have no part in David, neither have we in¬
heritance in the fon ofJeffe. 2 Samuel xx. 1.
The ungodly made a covenant with death, becaufe they
are worthy to take part with it. IVifdom i. ib.
Agamemnon provokes Apollo, whom he was willing to
appeafe afterwards at the coft of Achilles, who had no part
in his fault. Pope.
5. Side; party.
Michael Caffio,
When I have fpoken of you difpraifingly.
Hath ta’en your part. Shakefpeare.
And that he might on many props repofe,
He ftrengths his own, and who his part did take. Daniel.
Let not thy divine heart
Forethink me any ill;
Deftiny may take thy part.
And may thy fears fulfill. Donne.
Some other pow’r
Might have afpir’d, and me, tho’ mean.
Drawn to his part. Milton.
Call up their eyes, and fix them on your example ; that fo
natural ambition might takepart with reafon and their intereft
to encourage imitation. Glanville.
A brand preferv’d to warm fome prince’s heart.
And make whole kingdoms take her brother’s part. Waller.
The arm thus waits upon the heart.
So quick to take the bully’s part;
That one, tho’ warm, decides more flow*
Than t’ other executes the blow. Prior•
6.Something relating or belonging.
For Zelmane’s part, fhe would have been glad of the fall,
which made her bear the fweet burden of Philoclea, but that
fhe feared fhe might receive fome hurt. Sidney.
For my part", I would entertain the legend of my love
with quiet hours. Shakefp. Henry IV.
For your part, it not appears to me.
That you fhould have an inch of any ground
To build a grief upon. Shakefp. Henry IV.
For my part, 1 have no fervile end in my labour, which
may reftrain or embafe the freedom of my poor judgment.
Wotton:
For my part, I think there is nothing fo fecret that fhall
not be brought to light, within the compafs of the world.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
7. Particular office or character.
The pneumatical part, which is in all tangible bodies, and
hath fome affinity with the air, performeth the parts of the
air: as, when you knock upon an empty barrel, the found
is, in part, created by the air on the outfide, and, in part,
by the air in the infide. Bacon’s Natural Hifiory.
Accufe not nature, fhe hath done her part;
Do thou but thine. Milton's Paradife Lof.
8. Character appropriated in a play.
That part
Was aptly fitted, and naturally performed. Shakefp.
Have you the lion’s part written ? give it me, for I am flow
of ftudy. Shakefp. Midjummer Night’s Dream.
God is the mafter of the feenes : we muft not chufe which
part we fhall adl; it concerns us only to be careful, that we
do it well. Taylor’s holy Living.
g. Bufinefs ; duty.
Let them be fo furnifhed and inftrudled for the military
part, as they may defend themfelves. Bacon.
10. Adlion; condudt.
Find him, my lord.
And chide him hither flraight: this part of his
Conjoins with my difeafe. Shakefpeare.
11. Relation reciprocal. .
Inquire not whether the facraments confer grace by their
own excellency, becaufe they, who affirm they do, require to
much duty on our parts, as they alfo do, who attribute the
eftedt to our moral difpofition. Taylor.
The feripture tells us the terms of this covenant on wo *
•bart and our’s ; namely, that he will be our God, and we fhall
be his people. TUUtfi*‘ ScrmM.
It
Milton.
PAR PAR
It might be deem’d, on our hiftonan s part.
Or too much negligence, or want of ait.
If he forgot the vait magnificence
Of royaf I hefeus* Dryden.
12. In !£Ood part ; in ill part; as well done ; as ill done.
God acccpteth it in good part, at the hands of faithful
men. Hooka %
13. [In the plural.] Qualities; powers; faculties; or accompliihments.
Who is courteous, noble, liberal, but he that hath
the example before his eyes of Amphialus ; where are all heroical parts, but in Amphialus ? Sidney.
Such licentious parts tend, for the moll part, to the hurt
of the Englilh, or maintenance of their own lewd liberty.
Spenfer on Ireland.
I conjure thee, by all the parts of man,
"Which honour does acknowledge. Shakefp.
Solomon was a prince adorned with fuch parts of mind,
and exalted by fuch a concurrence of all profperous events to
make him magnificent. South's Sermons.
The Indian princes difeover fine parts and excellent endow¬
ments, without improvement. Felton on the Clajfuhs.
14. [In the plural.] Quarters; regions; diftriCts.
Although no man was, in our parts, fpoken of, but he,
for his manhood ; yet, as though therein he excelled himfelf,
he was called the courteous Amphialus. Sidney.
W hen he had gone over thole parts, he came into Greece.
Adis xx. 2.
All parts refound with tumults, plaints, and fears,
And griefly death, in fundry fhapes, appears. Drydcn.
Part. adv. Partly ; in fome meafure.
For the fair kindnefs you have fhew’d me,
And part being prompted, by your prefent trouble,
I’ll lend you fomething. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
To Part. v. a.
2.To divide ; to fhare ; to diftribute.
All that believed, fold their goods, and parted them to all
men, as every man had need. Adis ii. 45.
Jove himfelf no lefs content wou’d be
To part his throne, and fhare his heav’n with thee. Pope.
2. To feparate; to difunite.
A chariot of fire parted them both afunder, and Elijah
went up into heaven. 2 Kings ii. 11.
Nought but death fhall part thee and me. Ruth i. 17.
All the world.
As ’twere the bus’nefs of mankind to part us,
Is arm’d againft my love, Dryden,
3. To break into pieces.
Part it in pieces, and pour oil thereon. Leviticus ii. 6.
4. To keep afunder.
In the narrow feas, that part
The French and Englifh, there mifearried
A veffel of our country. Shakefp.
k. To feparate combatants.
Who faid
Kins: John did fly, an hour or two before
The humbling night did part our weary powers. Shakefp.
Jove did both hofts lurvey.
And, when he pleas’d to thunder, part the fray. Waller.
6. Tofecern.
The liver minds his own affair.
And parts and ftrains the vital juices; Prior.
To Part. v. n.
'I. To be feparated.
Powerful hands will not part
Eafily from poffeflion won with arms. Milt. Par. Reg.
’Twas for him much eaherto fubdue
Thofe foes he fought with, than to part from you. Dryd.
2. To quit each other.
He wrung Baffanio’s hand, and fo they parted. Shakefp.
This was the defign of a people, that were at liberty to
part afunder, but defired to keep in one body. Locke.
What! part, for ever part ? unkind Ifmena ;
Oh ! can you think, that death is half fo dreadful,
As it would be to live without thee. Smith.
If it pleafes God to reftore me to my health, I fhall make
a third journey ; if not, we mufkpart, as all human creatures
have parted. Swift.
3. To take farewel.
Ere I could
Give him that parting kiis, which I had fet
Betwixt two charming Words, comes in my father. Shakepf.
Nuptial bow’r! by me adorn'd, from thee
How fhall I part, and whither wander. Milton.
Upon his removal, they parted from him with tears in their
eyes. Swift,
4. To have fhare.
As his part is, that gocth dowlt to the battle, fo mall his
part be, that tarrieth by the fluff; they fhall part alike.
Ifaiah xxx. 24.
5 [Partir, Fr.J To go away; to fet out,
So parted they; the angel up to heaven
From the thick fhade, and Adam to his bow’r.
Thy father
Embrac’d me, parting for the Etrurian land. Dryden.
6. To Part with. To quit; torefign; tolole; to be feparated
from.
For her fake, Ido rear up her boy ;
And for her fake, I will not part with him. Shakefp.
An affectionate wife, when in fear of parting with her be¬
loved hufband, heartily defired of God his life or fociety,
upon any conditions that were not finful. Taylor.
Celia, for thy fake, I part
With all that grew fo near my heart;
And that I may fuccefsful prove,
Transform myfelf to what you love. JTaller.
Thou marble hew’ft, ere long to part with breath.
And houfes rear’ft, unmindful of thy death. Sandys.
Lixiviate falts, though, by piercing the bodies of vege¬
tables, they difpofe them to part readily with their tin&ure ;
yet fome tinCtures they do not only draw out, but likewife
aker. Boyle.
The ideas of hunger and warmth are fome of the firft that
children have, and which they fcarce ever part with. Locke.
What a defpicable figure mull mock-patriots make, who
Venture to be hang’d for the ruin of thofe civil rights, which
their anceftors, rather than part with, chofe to be cut to
pieces in the field of battle ? Addifons Freeholder.
The good things of this world fo delight in, as remember,
that we are to part with them, to exchange them for more
durable enjoyments. Atterburys Sermons.
As for riches and power, our Saviour plainly determines,
that the beft way to make them bleffings, is to part with
them. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
Pa'rtable. adj. [from part.] Divifible; fuch as may be
parted.
His hot love was portable among three other of his miftrefles. Camden’s Retnains.
Pa'rtage. n. f. [portage, Fr.] Divifion; aCl of (haring or
parting. A word merely French.
Men have agreed to a difproportionate and unequal poffeffion of the earth, having found out a way, how a man may
fairly poffefs more land, than he himfelf can ufe the produCt
of, by receiving, in exchange, for the overplus, gold and
filver; this portage of things, in an equality of private poffeflions, men have made practicable out of the bounds of fo¬
ciety, without compaCf, only by putting a value on gold and
filver, and tacitely agreeing in the ufe of money. Locke.
To Pa'rtake. v. n. Preterite, Ipartook: participle paflive,
partaken, [part and take.]
r. To have fhare of anything; to take fhare with.
Partake and ufe my kingdom as your own.
And fhall be yours while I command the crown. Dryden.
How far brutes partake in this faculty, is not eafy to deter¬
mine. Locke.
2. To participate; to have fomething of the property, nature,
claim, or right.
The attorney of thedutchy of Lancafter partakes partly of
a judge, and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon.
3. To be admitted to ; not to be excluded.
You may partake of any thing we fay ;
We fpeakno treafon. Shakefp. Rich. III.
4. Sometimes with in before the thing partaken of.
I took occafion to conjeClure, how far brutes partook with
men, in any of the intellectual faculties. Locke.
Truth and falfhood have no other trial, but reafon and
F proof, which they made ufe of to make themfelves knowing,
and fo muff others too, that will partake in their knowledge.
Locke.
5. To combine ; to enter into fome defign. An unufual fenfe.
As it prevents faCtions and partakings, fo it keeps the rule
and adminiftration of the laws uniform. Hale.
To Parta'ke. v. a.
1. To fhare; to have part in.
By and by, thy bofom fhall partake
The fecrets of my heart. Shakefp.
At feafon fit.
Let her with thee partake, what thou haft heard. Miltoh.
My royal father lives,
Let ev’ry one partake the general joy. Dryden.
2. To admit to part; to extend participation. Obfolete.
My friend, hight Philemon, I did partake
Of all my love, and all my privity.
Who greatly joyous Teemed for my fake. Fa. £hiecn.
Your exultation partake to every one. Shakefp.
PaRTa'ker. n.f [from partake.]
1. A partner in poffeffions; a fharer of any thing; an affociate
with.
They whom carneft lets hinder from being partakers of
the whole, have yet, through length of divine fervice, op¬
portunity for accefs unto fome reafonable part thereof. Hooker-.
19 E Didft
PAR
3. Part divided from the reft ; feparate part.
Lodg’d in a fmall partition; and the reft
Ordain’d for ufes to his Lord beft known. Milton.
4. That by which different parts are feparated.
It doth not follow, that God, without refpedl, doth teach
us to eredt between us and them a partition wall ol difference,
in fuch things indifferent as have hitherto been dilputed of.
& Hooker, b. xv.f 6.
Make partitions of wood in a hogfhead, with holes in
them, and mark the difference of their found from that of an
hogfhead without fuch partitions. Bacon.
Partition firm and fure,
The waters underneath from thofe above
Dividin')-. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
Enclofures our factions have made in the church, become
a great partition wall to keep others out of it.
Decay of Piety.
At one end of it, is a great partition, defigned for an
opera. Addifon.
The partition between good and evil is broken down ; and
where one fin has entered, legions will force their way.
Rogers’s Sermons.
5. Part where feparation is made.
The mound was newly made, no fight could pafs
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grafs,
The well-united fods fo clofely lay. Dryden.
To Partition. v. a. To divide into diftindt parts.
Thefe fides are uniform without, though feverallypartitioned
within. Bacon.
PaRtlet. n.f A name given to a hen; the original fignification being a ruff or band, or covering for the neck.
Hanmer.
Thou dotard, thou art woman tir’d ; unroofted
By thy dame partlet here. Shakefp.
Tir’d with pinn’d ruffs, and fans, and partlet ftrips. Hall.
Dame partlet was the fovereign of his heart;
He feather’d her. Dryden’s Fables.
Pa'rtly. adv. [from part.] In fome meafure; in fome de¬
gree ; in part.
That part, which, fince the coming of Chrift, partly hath
embraced, and partly fhall hereafter embrace the chriftian re¬
ligion, we term, aa by a more proper name, the church of
Chrift. Hooker, b. iii. f. 1.
The inhabitants of Naples have been always very noto¬
rious for leading a life of lazinefs and pleafure, which I take
to arife out of the wonderful plenty of their country, that
does not make labour fo neceffary to them, and partly out of
the temper of their climate, that relaxes the fibres of their
bodies, and difpofes the people to fuch an idle indolent hu¬
mour. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
Pa'rtner. n. f. [from part.]
1. Partaker ; fharer; one who has part in any thing; affociate.
My noble partner,
You greet with prefent grace.
That he feems rapt withal. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Noble partners
Touch you the fowreft points with fweeteft terms. Shakefp.
Thefe of the race of Sdm were no partners in the unbe¬
lieving work of the tower. Raleigh’s Hijlory.
To undergo
Myfelf the total crime ; or to accufe
My other felf, the partner of my life. Milton.
Sapor, king of Perfia, had an heaven of glafs, which,
proudly fitting in his eftate, he trod upon, calling himfelf
brother to the fun and moon, and partner with the ftars.
Peacham of Geometry.
The foul continues in her adlion, till her partner is again
qualified to bear, her company. Addifon.
2. One who dances with another.
Lead in your ladies every one ; fweet partner,
I muft not yet forfake you. Shakefpeai'e's Henry VIII.
To Pa'rtner. v. a. [from the noun.] To join ; to affociate
with a partner.
A lady who
So fair, and faften’d to an empery.
Would make the great’ft king double : to be partner’d
With tomboys, hir’d with felf-exhibition.
Which your own coffers yield. Shakefp.
Partnership, n.f [from partner.]
1. Joint intereft or property.
He does poffeftion keep,
And is too wife to hazard partner-flip. Dryden.
2. T he union of two or more in the fame tiade.
’ I'is a neceffary rule in alliances, partnerjhips and all man¬
ner of civil dealings, to have a ftridt regard to the difpofition
of thofe we have to do withal. L’Ejlrange.
Pa'rtook. Preterite of partake.
Pa'rtridGe. n.f [perdrix, Fr. periris. Wellh; perdix, Lat.]
A bird of game.
I he king is come out to feek a flea, as when one doth hunt
h partridge in the mountains. 1 Sam, xxvi. 20.
PAR
Partu'rif.nt. adj. [parturiens, Lat.] About to bring forth.
Parturition, n. f. [from parturio, Latin.] 1 he ftate of
being about to bring forth. «
Conformation of parts is required, not only unto the pre¬
vious conditions of birth, but alio unto thtparturition or very
birth. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Pa'rty. n.f. [parti'c, French.]
1. A number of perfons confederated by fimiliarity of defign3
or opinions in oppofition to others J a faction.
When any of thefe combatants'ftrips his terms of ambi- {
guity, I fhall think him a champion for truth, and not the
Have of vain glory or a party. Locke. *
This account of party patches will appear improbable to
thofe, who live at a diftance from the fafhionable world. Addif.
Party writers are fo fenlible of the fecret virtue of an in¬
nuendo, that they never mention the q—n at length. Speflat.
This party rage in women only ferves to aggravate animofities that reign among them. Addif. Spelt. Nv Si.
As he never leads the converfation into the violence and
rage of party dilputes, I liftened to him with pleafure. Tatler.
Divifion between thofe of the fame party, expofes them to
their enemies. Popet
The moft violent party men are fuch, as, in the conduct of .
their lives, have difeovered leaft fenfe of religion or morality. , Swift'.
2. One of two litigants.
When you are hearing a matter between party and party,
if pinched with the cholick, you make faces like mummers,
and difmifs the controverfy more entangled by your hearing :
all the peace you make in their caufe, is calling both parties
knaves. Shakefp-.
The caufe of both parties fhall come before the judges.
Exodus xxii. 9.
If a bifhop be a party to a fuit, and excommunicates his
adverfary; fuch excommunication fhall not bar his adver- .
fary from his action. Aylijfe’s Parergon,
3. One concerned in any affair.
The child was prifoner to the womb, and is
Free’d and enfranchis’d ; not a party to
The anger of the king, nor guilty of
The treipafs of the queen. Shakefps
I do fufpeift this trafh
To be a party in this injury. Shakefp.
4. Side; perfons engaged againft each other.
Our Foes compell’d by need, have peace embrac’d:
The peace, both parties want, is like to laft. Dryden,
5. Caufe; fide.
rEgle came in, to make their party good, Dryden.
6. A feledt affembly.
Let me extol a cat, on oyfters fed,
I’ll have aparty at the Bedford-head. Pope.
If the clergy would a little ftudy the arts of converfation,
they might be welcome at every party, where there was the
leaft regard for politenefs or good fenfe. Swift.
7. Particular perfon; a perfon diftindt from, or oppofed to,
another.
As fhe paced on, fhe was flopped with a number of trees, <
fo thickly placed together, that fhe was afraid fhe fhould,
with rufhing through, flop the fpeech of the lamentable party,
which fhe was fo defirous to underftand. Sidney.
The minifter of juftice may, for publick example, virtuoufly will the execution of thatparty, whofe pardon another,
for confanguinity’s fake, as virtuoufly may defire. Hooker.
If the jury found, that the party flain was of Englifh race,
it had been adjudged felony. Davies on Ireland.
How fhall this be compaft ? canft thou bring me to the
party ? Shakefpear’s Tempeji.
The fmoke received into the noftrils, caufes‘ the party to
lie as if he were drunk. Abbot's DeJ'cript. ofthe IVorld.
The imagination of the party to be cured, is not needful to
concur; for it may be done without the knowledge of the
party wounded. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
He that confeffes his fin, and prays for pardon, hath punifhed his fault: and then there is nothing left to be done by
the offended party, but to return to charity. Taylor.
Though there is a real difference between one man and
another, yet the party, who has the advantage, ufually mag¬
nifies the inequality. Collier on Pride.
8. A detachment of foldiers: as, he commanded that party lent
thither.
Party-coloured, adj. [party and coloured.'] Having diverfity
of colours.
The fulfome ewes.
Then conceiving, did, in yeaning time,
Fall party-colour d lambs. Shakefp. Merck, of Venice.
The leopard was valuing himfelf upon the luftre of his
party-coloured fkin. L’Ejlrange.
From one father both.
Both girt with gold, and clad in party-colour’d cloth. Dryd.
Conftrain’d him in a bird, and made him fly
With party-colour d plumes a chattering pie. Dryden:
1 looked
PAR
From any of the other nnreafonable demands, the houfes
bad not given their commiflioners authority in the lead
particle to recede. . _ Clarendon.
T here is not one grain in the univerfe, either too much or
too little, nothing to be added, nothing to be fpared ; nor fo
much as any one particle of it, that mankind may not be either
the better or the worfe for, according as ’tis applied. VEjlr.
With particles of heav’nly fire,
The God of nature did his foul infpire. Dryden.
Curious wits.
With rapture, with adonilhment refledt.
On the fmall lize of atoms, which unite
To make the lmalled particle of light. Blctckmore.
It is not impofiible, but that microfcopes may, at length,
be improved to the difeovery of the particles of bodies, on
which their colours depend. Newton’s Opticks.
Blelt with more particles of heav’nly flame. Granville.
2. A word unvaried by inflexion.
’T ill Arianifm had made it a matter of great fharpnefs and
fubtility of wit to be a found believing chridian, men were
not curious what fyllables or particles of fpeech they ufed.
Hooker, b. v*
The Latin varies the fignification of verbs and nouns, not
as the modern languages, by particles prefixed, but by chang¬
ing the lad fyllables. Locke on Education.
Particles are the words, whereby the mind fignifies what
connexion it gives to the feveral affirmations and negations,
that it unites in one continued reafoning or narration. Locke.
In the Hebrew tongue, there is a particle, confiding but of
one Angle letter, of which there are reckoned up above fifty
feveral fignifications. Locke.
Particular, adj. [particulier, French.]
1. Relating to Angle perfons ; not general.
He, as well with general orations, as particular dealing
with men of mod credit, made them fee how neceflary it
was. Sidney.
As well for particular application to fpecial occaAons, as
alfo in other manifold refpedts, infinite treafures of wifdom
are abundantly to be found in the holy feripture. Hooker.
2. Individual; one didindt from others.
Wherefoever one plant draweth fuch a particular juice out
of the earth, as itqualifieth the earth, fo as thatjuice, which
remaineth, is fit for the other plant; there the neighbourhood
doth good. Bacon.
This is true of adliohs confidered in their general nature or
kind,- but not confidered in their particular individual in¬
dances. . South's Sermons.
Artids, who propofe only the imitation of fuch a particular
perfon, without election of ideas, have often been reproached
for that omiffion. Dryden.
3. Noting properties or things peculiar.
Of this prince there is little particular memory; only that
he was very dudious and learned. Bacon.
4. Attentive to things Angle and didindb
I have been particular in examining the reafon of chil¬
dren’s inheriting the property of their fathers, becaufe it will
give us farther light in the inheritance of power. Locke.
5. Single ; not general.
Rather performihg his general commandment, which had
ever been, to embrace virtue, than any new particular, fprung
out of paffion, and contrary to the former. Sidney.
6. Odd; having fomething that eminently didinguilhes him
from others. This is commonly ufed in a fenfe of contempt.
Particular, n.f ,
1. A Angle indance ; a Angle point.
I mud referve fome particulars, which it is not lawful for
me to reveal. Bacon.
Thofe notions are univerfal, and what is univerfal mud
needs1 proceed from fome univerfal condant principle; the
fame in all particulars, which can be nothing elfe but human
nature. South’s Sermons.
Having the idea of an elephant or an angle in my mind,
the fird and natural enquiry is, whether fuch a thing does
exid ? and this knowledge is only of particulars. Locke.
And if we will take them, as they were directed, in parti¬
cular to her, or in her, as their reprefentative, to all other wo¬
men, they will, at mod, concern the female fex only, and
import no more but that fubjedtion, they fliould ordinarily be
in, to their hufbands. Locke.
The mader could hardly At on his horfe for laughing, all
the while he was giving me theparticulars of this dory. Addif.
Vefpafian he refembled in many particulars. Swift.
2. Individual; private perfon. ,
It is the greated Altered of particulars, to advance the good
of the community. L’Ejlrange.
3. Private intered.
Our wifdom mud be fuch, as doth not propofe to itfclf to
’ISiov our own particular, the partial and immoderate defire
whereof poifoneth wherefoever it taketh place ; but the fcope
and mark, which w‘e are to" aim at, is the publiqk and com¬
mon good. Hooker.
T hey apply their minds even with hearty affedtion and zeal,
PAR
dt the lead, unto thofe branches of publick prayer, wherein
their own particular is moved. Hooker, b. 5.
His general lov’d him
In a mod dear particular. Shakcfp.
4. Private character; Angle felf; date of an individual.
For his particular, I’ll receive him gladly ;
But not one follower. Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
5. A minute detail of things fingly enumerated.
The reader has a particular of the books, wherein this law
was written. Aylife's Parergon.
6. Didindl not general recital.
Invention is called a mufe, authors aferibe to each of them,
in particular, the fcienccs which they have invented. Dryden.
Particularity, n.f. [particularite,Ft. from particular.]
1. Didindt notice or enumeration ; not general abortion.
So did the boldnefs of their affirmation accompany the
greatnefs of what they did affirm, even defeending to particu¬
larities* what kingdoms he diould overcome. Sidney.
2. Singlenefs; individuality.
Knowledge imprinted in the minds of all men, whereby
both general principles for diredting of human adtions are com¬
prehended, and cohclufions derived from them, upon which
conclufions groweth, in particularity, the choice of good and
evil. Hooker, b. ii.
3. Petty account; private incident.
To fee the titles that were mod agreeable to fuch an em¬
peror, the flatteries that he lay mod open to, with the like
particularities only to be met with on medals, are certainly
not a little pleafing. Addifon.
4. Something belonging to Angle perfons.
Let the general trumpet blow his blad,
Particularities and petty founds
Toceafe. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
5. Something peculiar.
I faw an old heathen altar, with this particularity, that it
was hollowed like a difh at one end ; but not the end on
which the facrifice was laid. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
He applied himfelf to the coquette’s heart; there occurred
many particularities in this difledtion. Addifon.
To Particularize, v. a. [particularfer, Fr. from particu¬
lar.] To mention didindtly; td detail; to drew minutely.
The leannefs that afflidts us, is an inventory to particularize
their abundance. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
He not only boads of his parentage aS an Ifraelite, but par¬
ticularizes his defeent from Benjamin. Atterbury’s Sermons.
Particularly, v. a. [from particular.]
I* Didindtly ; fingly; not univerfa'lly.
Providence, that univerfally cads its eye over all the crea¬
tion, is yet pleafed more particularly to faden it upon fome.
South’s Sermons^
2. In an extraordinary degree.
This exadt propriety of Virgil, I particularly regarded as a
great part of his charadter. Dryden.
With the flower and the leaf I was fo particularly pleafed,
both for the invention and the moral, that I commend it to
the reader. Dryden.
To Parti'culate. v. a. [from particular.] To make men¬
tion Angly. Obfolete.
I may not particulate of Alexander Hales, the irrefra¬
gable dodtor. Camden’s Remains.
Pa'rtisan. n.f [pertifan, French.]
1. A kind of pike or halberd.
Let us
Find out the prettied dazied plot we can*
And make him with our pikes and partifans
A grave* Shakefpcarc’s Hamlet-.
Shall I drike at it with my partifan. Shakcfp. Hamlet.
2. [Yromparti, French.] An adherent to a fadtion.
Some of thefe partifans concluded, the government had
hired men to be bound and pinnioned. Addifon.
I would be glad any partifan would help me to a tolerable
reafon, that, becaufe Clodius and Curio agree with me in a
few Angular notions, I mud blindly follow them in all. Swift.
3. The commander of a party.
4. A commander’s leading daff. Ainfworth.
Partition, n.f. [partition. Ft. pdrtitio, Latin.]
1. The adt of dividing; a date of being divided.
We grew together*
Like to a double cherry, feeming parted,
But yet an union in partition. Shakefp.
2. Divifion ; feparation ; didindtion.
We have, in this refpedt, our churches divided by certain
partition, although not fo many in number as theirs. Hooker.
Can we not
Partition make with fpedtacles lb precious
’Twixt fair and foul ? Shakefpeare’s Cymbtline.
We Ihall be winnow’d'with fo roueffi a wind
That ev’n our corn fhallitem as light as chad',’
And good from bad find no partition. * Shakefp.
1 he day, mohth and year, meafured by them, are ufed as
dandard meafures, as likely others arbitrarily deduced from
them by partition or collcdtion* Holder on Time.
3. Part
PAR
3. Part divided from the reft ; feparate part'.
Lodg’d in a i'mall partition ; and the reft
Ordain’d for tiles to his Lord beft known. Milton.
4. That by which different parts are feparated.
It doth not follow, that God, without refpedl, doth teach
us to eredt between us and them apartition wall of difference,
in luch things indifferent as have hitherto been difputed ot.
G Hooker, b. iv.f 6.
Make partitions of wood in a hogfhead, with holes in
them, and mark the difference of their found from that of an
hogfhead without fuch partitions. Bacon,
Partition firm and fure,
The waters underneath from thofe above
Dividing. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
Enclofures our fadlions have made in the church, become
a great partition wall to keep others out of it.
Decay of Piety.
At one end of it, is a great partition,, defigned for an
opera. Addifon.
The partition between good and evil is broken down j and
where one fin has entered, legions will force their way.
Rogers’s Sermons.
5. Part where reparation is made.
The mound was newly made, no fight could pafs
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grafs,
The well-united fods fo clofely lay. Dryden.
To Partition, v. a. To divide into diftindl parts.
Thefe fides are uniform without, though feverallypartitioned
within. Bacon.
Pa'rtlet. n.f A name given to a hen; the original fignification being a ruff or band, or covering for the neck.
Hanmer.
Thou dotard, thou art woman tir’d ; unroofted
By thy dame partlet here. Shakefp.
Tir’d with pinn’d ruffs, and fans, and partlet ftrips. Hall.
Dame partlet was the fovereign of his heart;
He feather’d her. Dryden’s Fables.
Pa'rtly. adv. [from part.'] In fome meafure in forne de¬
gree ; in part.
That part, which, fince the coming of Chrift, partly hath
embraced, and partly fhall hereafter embrace the chriftian re¬
ligion, we term, ao by a more proper name, the church of
Chrift. Hooker, b.m. f. 1.
The inhabitants of Naples have been always very noto¬
rious for leading a life of lazinefs and pleafure, which I take
to arife out of the wonderful plenty of their country, that
does not make labour fo neceffary to them, and partly out of
the temper of their climate, that relaxes the fibres of their
bodies, and difpofes the people to fuch an idle indolent hu¬
mour. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
Pa'rtner. n.f. [(compart.]
1. Partaker i fearer; one who has part in any thing; affociate.
My noble partner,
You greet with prefent grace.
That he feems rapt withal. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Noble partners
Touch you the fowreft points with fweeteft terms. Shakefp.
Thofe of the race of Sdm were no partners in the unbe¬
lieving work of the tower. > Raleigh’s Hijlory.
To undergo
Myfelf the total crime ; or to accufe
My other felf, the partner of my life. Milton.
Sapor, king of Perfia, had an heaven of glafs, which,
proudly fitting in his eftate, he trod upon, calling himfelf
brother to the fun and moon, and partner with the ftars.
Peacham of Geometry.
The foul continues in her adlion, till her partner is again
qualified to bear her company. Addifon.
2. One who dances with another.
Lead in your ladies every one ; fweet partner,
I muft not yet forfake you. Shakefpeare’s HenryVIII.
To Pa'rtner. v. a. [from the noun.] To join; to alTociate
with a partner.
A lady who
So fair, and faften’d to an empery.
Would make the great’ft king double : tobc partner’d
With tomboys, hir’d with felf-exhibition.
Which your own coffers yield. Shakefp.
Partnership, n.f [from partner.]
1. Joint intereft or property.
He does pofleflion keep,
And is too wife to hazard partnerjhip. Dryden.
2. T he union of two or more in the fame trade.
’Tis a neceffary rule in alliances, partnerjhips and all man¬
ner of civil dealings, to have a ftridt regard to the difpofition
of thofe we have to do withal. L’EJlrange.
Pa'rtook. Preterite of partake.
Pa'rtridge. n.f. [perdrix, Fr. pertris, Wclfe; perdix, Lat.]
A bird of game.
The king is come out to feek a flea, as when one doth hunt
h partridge in the mountains. 1 Sam, xxvi. 20.
PAR
Partu'rient. adj. [parturiens, Lat.] About to bring forth.
Parturi'tion. n. f. [from parturio, Latin.] The ftate of
being about to bring forth. ,
Conformation of parts is required, not only unto the pre¬
vious conditions of birth, but alfo unto the parturition or very
birth. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Pa'rty. n.f. [partie, French.]
1. A number of perfons confederated by fimiliarity of defign3
or opinions in oppofition to othersj a faction.
When any of thefe combatants' ftrips his terms of ambi¬
guity, I fhall think him a champion for truth, and not the
flave of vain glory or a party. Locke.
This account of party patches will appear improbable to
thofe, who live at a diftance from the fafeionable world. Addif
Party writers are fo fenfible of the fecret virtue of an in¬
nuendo, that they never mention the q—n at length. Spedlat.
This party rage in women only ferves to aggravate animofities that reign among them. Addif. Spedl. Nv Si.
As he never leads the converfation into the violence and
rage of party difputes, I liftened to him with pleafure. Tatler.
Divifion between thofe of the fame party, expoles them to
their enemies. Pope.
The moll violent party men are fuch, as, in the conduct of
their lives, have difeovered leaft fenfe of religion or mora¬
lity. Swift.
2. One of two litigants.
When you are hearing a matter between party and party,
if pinched with the cholick, you make faces like mummers,
and difmifs the controverfy more entangled by your hearing :
all the peace you make in their caufe, is calling both parties
knaves. Shakefpi
The caufe of both parties fhall come before the judges.
Exodus xxii. 9.
If a bifeop be a party to a fuit, and excommunicates his
adverfary; fuch excommunication fhall not bar his adverfary from his adlion. Aylife’s Parergon,
3. One concerned in any affair.
The child was prifoner to the womb, and is
Free’d and enfranchis’d ; not a party to
The anger of the king, nor guilty of
The treipafs of the queen. Shakefp
I do fufpedt this trafe
To be a party in this injury. Shakefp.
4. Side; perfons engaged againft each other.
Our Foes compell’d by need, have peace embrac’d:
The peace, both parties want, is like to laft. Dryden,
5. Caufe; fide.
iFgle came in, to make their party good. Dryden,
6. A feledtaffembly.
Let me extol a cat, on oyfters fed.
I’ll have aparty at the Bedford-head. Pope,
If the clergy would a little ftudy the arts of converfation,
they might be welcome at every party, where there was the
leaft regard for politenefs or good fenfe. Swift.
7. Particular perfon j a perfon diftindt from, or oppofed to,
another.
As fee paced on, fee was flopped with a number of trees,
fo thickly placed together, that fee was afraid fee feould,
with rufeing through, flop the fpeech of the lamentable party,
which fee was fo defirous to underftand. Sidney.
The minifter of juftice may, for publick example, virtuoufly will the execution of thatparty, whofe pardon another,
for confanguinity’s fake, as virtuoufly may defire. Hooker.
If the jury found, that the party flain was of Englife race,
it had been adjudged felony. Davies on Ireland.
How fhall this be compaft ? canft thou bring me to the
party ? Shakefpear’s Tempejl.
The fmoke received into the noftrils, caufes' the party to
lie as if he were drunk. Abbot's Defcript. ofthe World.
The imagination of the party to be cured, is not needful to
concur; for it may be done without the knowledge of the
party wounded. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
He that confeffes his fin, and prays for pardon, hath punifeed his fault: and then there is nothing left to be done by
the offended party, but to return to charity. Taylor.
Though there is a real difference between one man and
another, yet the party, who has the advantage, ufually mag¬
nifies the inequality. Collier on Pride.
8. A detachment of foldiers: as, he commanded that party lent
thither.
Party-coloured, adj. [party and coloured.] Having diverfity
of colours.
The fulfome ewes.
Then conceiving, did, in yeaning time,
P all party-colour d lambs. Shakefp. Merch, oj Venice.
The leopard was valuing himfelf upon the luftre of his
party-coloured fkin. L’Ejlrange.
From one father both,
Both girt with gold, and clad in party-colour’d cloth. Dryd.
Conftrain’d him in a bird, and made him fly
With party-colour d plumes a chattering pie. Dryden;
I looked
PAS A S
J looked with as much pleafure upon the littleparty-coloured
aflembly, as upon a bed of tulips. Addifon t Spelt.
Nor is it hard to beautify each month
With files of party-colour a fruits. Phillips.
Four knaves in garb fuccindt, a trufty band,
And party-coloured troops, a fhining train,
Draw forth to combat on the velvet plain. Pope.
^arty-ju'ry. n. J. [in law.] A jury in fomc trials half fo¬
reigners and half natives.
Pa'rty-man. n.f [party and man.'] A factious perfon j an
abettor of a party.
PaRTY-WAtL. n.f. [party and wall.] Wall that feparates one
houfe from the next.
’Tis an ill cuftom among bricklayers to work up a whole
(lory of the party-walls, before they work up the fronts.
Moxon’s Mechanical pxercifes.
PA'RVIS. n.f. [Fr.] A church or church porch : applied to the
mootings or law-difputes among young ftudents in the inns of
courts, and alfo to that deputation at Oxford, called d/Jjutatio in parvis. i$ailey.
Pa'rvitude. n.f. [from parvus, Latin.J Littlenefs; minutenefs.
The little ones of parvitude cannot reach to the fame
floor with them. Glanville.
Pa'rvity. n. f. [from parvus, Lat.] Littlenefs; minutenefs.
What are thefe for finenefs and parvity, to thofe minute
animalcula difeovered in pepper-water. Ray.
PAS. n. f. [French.] Precedence ; right of going foremoft.
In her poor circumftances, {he {till preferv’d the mien of a
gentlewoman ; when fhe came into any full aflembly, fhe
would not yield the pas to the beft of them. Arbuthnot.
Pa'schal. ad), [pafeal, French ; pafchalis, Latin.]
1. Relating to the paflover.
2. Relating to Eafter,
Pash. n.f. [paz, Spanifh.] A kifs. Hanmer.
Thou want’ll: a rough pajh, and the {hoots that I have.
To be full like me. Shakefp. JVinters Pale.
To Pash. v. a. [perjfen, Dutch.] To ftrike ; to crulh.
With my armed fill
I’ll pajh him o’er the face. Shakefpeare.
Thy cunning engines have with labour rais’d
My heavy anger, like a mighty weight,
To fall and pajh thee dead. Dryden.
Pasque-flower, n.f. [pulfatilla, Latin.]
The flower confifts of feveral leaves, which are placed in
a circular order, and expand in form of a rofe ; out of the
middle of which rifes a pointal, befet, for the moft part,
with chives, which afterward becomes a fruit, in which the
feeds are gathered, as it were in a little head, each ending
in a fmall hair : to which muft be added fome little leaves,
encompafling the pedicle below the flower ; as the anemone,
from which the pafque-flower differs in the feed, ending in a
tail. Miller.
Pa'squil. "\n. f. [from pafquino, a ftatue at Rome, to
Pa'squln. > which they affix any lampoon or paper of
Pasquinade, j fatirical obfervation.] A lampoon.
He never valued any pafquils that- were dropped up and
down, to think them worthy of his revenge. Howel.
The pafquils, lampoons, and libels, we meet with now-adays, are a fort of playing with the four and twenty letters,
without fenfe, truth, or wit. Tatler, Nu 92.
To Pass. v. n. [pajfer, French; paffus, a ftep, Latin.]
1. To go j to move from one place to another ; to be progreffive.
Tell him his long trouble is pajfmg
Out of this world. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
If I have found favour in thy fight, pafs not away from
thy fervant. Genefis.
While my glory pajfeth by, I will put thee in a clift of the
rock, and will cover thee, while I pafs by. Exodus xxxiii. 22.
Thus will I cut off him that pajfeth out, and him that
returneth. Ezekiel xxxv. 7
They took the fords of Jordan, and fuffered not a plan to
pafs over. Judges iii. 28.
This heap and this pillar be witnefs, that 1 will not pafs
over to thee, and that thou fhall not pafs over it and this
pillar unto me tor harm. Genefis xxxi. 52.
An idea of motion not pajf.ng on, is not better than idea
of motion at reft. Locke.
Ffeedlefs of thofe cares, with anguifn flung.
He felt their fleeces as they pafsd along. P0pe.
If the caufe be viflble, we flop at the inftrument, and feldom pafs on to him that dire&ed it. Wake’s Prep,for Death.
2. To go; to make way.
Her face, her hands were torn
With pajftng through the brakes. Dryden.
To make tranfltion from one thing to another.
Others diflatisfied with what they have, and not tiuftingto
thole innocent ways of getting more, fall to others, and pafs
from juft to unjuft. Temple s Mfcellanies.
O
P
4. Tovatiifti; to be loft.
Truft not too much to that enchanting face ;
Beauty’s a charm, but foon the charm will pafs. Dryder»
5. To be fpentj to go away.
The time, when the thing exifted, is the idea of that
fpace of duration, which pajfed between fome fixed period
and the being of that thing. Locke.
We fee, that one who fixes his thoughts very intently on
one thing, fo as to take but little notice of the fucceffion of
ideas that/w/i in his mind, whilft he is taken up with that
earneft contemplation, lets flip out of his account a good part
of that duration, and thinks that time {hotter than it is. Locke.
6. To be at an end ; to be over.
Their officious hafte,
Who would before have born him to the Iky,
Like eager Romans, ere all rites werepajl.
Did let too foon the facred eagle fly. Dryden.
7. To die; to pafs from the prefent life to another ftate.
The pangs of death do make him grin ;
Difturb him not, let him pafs peaceably. Shakefp.
8. To be changed by regular gradation.
Inflammations are tranflated from other parts to the lungs ;
a pleurifv eafily pajfeth into a peripneumony. Arbuthnot.
9. To go beyond bounds. Oblolete.
Why this pajfes, Mr. Ford :—you are not to go loofe any
longer, you muft be pinnioned. Shakefp.
10. To be in any ftate.
I will caufe you to pafs under the rod, and I will bring you
into the bond of the covenant. Ezekiel xx. 37.
11. Tobeenadted.
Many of the nobility fpoke in parliament againft thofe
things, which were moft grateful to his majefty, and which
ftill pajfed, notwithftanding their contradiction. Clarendon.
Neither of thefe bills have yet pajfed the houfe of commons,
and fome think they may be rejected. Swift.
This pernicious projedt, if pajfed into a law, would have
been of the worft confequence. Swift.
12. To be effedted ; to exift. Unlefs this may be thought a
noun with the articles fupprefled, and be explained thus: it
came to the pafs that.
I have heard it enquired, how it might be brought to pafs
that the church ftiould every where have able preachers to inftrudl the people. Hooker, b. v. f. 3.
When the cafe required diffimulation, if they ufed it, it
came to pafs that the former opinion of their good faith made
them almoft invilible. Bacon’s Effays.
13. To gain reception ; to become current: as, this money
will not pafs.
That trick, faid {he, will not pafs twice. Hudibras.
Their excellencies will not pafs for fuch in the opinion of
the learned, but only as things which have lefs of error in
them. Dryden.
Falfe eloquence pajfeth only where true is not underftood,
and no body will commend bad writers, that is acquainted
with good. Felton on the ClaJJicks.
The grofleft fuppofitions pafs upon them, that the wild Irilh
were taken in toyls ; but that, in fome time, they would
grow tame. Swift.
14. To bepra&ifed artfully or fuccefsfully.
This pradtice hath moft {hrewdly pajl upon thee;
But when we know the grounds and authors of it.
Thou {halt be both the plaintiff and the judge. Shakefp.
Though,frauds may pafs upon men, they are as open as the
light to him that fearches the heart. L’EJlrange.
15. To be regarded as good or ill.
He rejedted the authority of councils, and fo do all the re¬
formed ; fo that this won’t pafs for a fault in him, ’till ’tis
proved one in us. Atterbury.
16. To occur; to be tranfadled.
If we would judge of the nature of fpirits, we muft have
recourfe to our own confcioufnefs of what pajfes within our
own mind. IVatts's Logick.
17. To be done.
Zeal may be let loofe in matters of diredi duty, as in
prayers, provided that no indiredt adt pajs upon them to de¬
file them. Taylor’s Rule of Living Holy.
18. To heed ; to regard.
As for thefe lilken-coated flaves, I pafs not;
It is to you, good people, that I fpeak,
O’er whom, in time to come, I hope to reign. Shakefp.
19. To determine finally ; to judge capitally.
Though well we may not pafs upon his life,
Without the form of juftice ; yet our pow’r
Shall do a court’fy to our wrath. Shakefp,
20. To be fupremely excellent.
21. To thruft; to make a pulh in fencing.
To fee thee fight, to fee thee pafs thy pundio. Shakefp.
Both advance
Againft each other, and with fword and lance
T hey lalh, they foin, they pafs, they ftrive to bore
Their corflets. Dryden.
19 F 22. To omit.
PAS
nor.
22. r0 omit.
t ull piteous feems young Alma’s cafe,
As in a lticklefs gamefter’s place,
She would not play, yet mult not pafs.
23. I 0 go through the alimentary du£t.
Subitances hard cannot be diffolved, but they will pafs;
but fuch, whole tenacity exceeds the powers of digeltion,
will neither pafs, nor be converted into aliment. Arbuthnot.
24. 1 o be in a tolerable flate.
A middling fort of man was left well enough to pafs by his
father, but could never think he had enough, fo long as any
had more L’ Eftrange.
25. To Pass away. To be loft ; to glide off.
Defining the foul to be a fubftance that always thinks, can
ferve but to make many men fufpedt, that they have no fouls
at all, ftnee they find a good part of their lives pafs away
without thinking. Locke.
26. To Pass away. To vanifh.
To Pass. v. a.
11 To go beyond.
As it is advantageable to a phyfician to be called to the cure
of a declining difeafe; fo it is for a commander to fupprefs
a fedition, which has paff'ed the height: for in both the
noxious humour doth firft weaken, and afterwards wafte to
nothing. Hayward.
"2. To go through : as, the horfe pajfed the river.
3. To fpend ; to live through.
Were I not affured he was removed to advantage, I fhould
pafs my time extremely ill without him. Collier.
You know in what deluding joys wepajl
1 he night that was by heav’n decreed our laft. Dryden.
We have examples of fuch, as pafs moft of their nights
without dreaming. Locke.
The people, free from cares, ferene and gay,
Pafs all their mild untroubled hours away. Addifon.
In the midft of the lervice, a lady, who had pajfed the
winter at London with her hufband, entered the congrega¬
tion. Addifon’s Spectator, 129.
4. To impart to any thing the power of moving.
Dr. I hurfton thinks the principal ufe of infpiration to be,
to move, or pafs the blood, from the right to the left ven¬
tricle of the heart. Derham’s Phyfico-Theology.
5. To carry haftily.
I had only time to pafs my eye over the medals, which are
in great number. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
6. To transfer to another proprietor.
He that will pafs his land.
As I have mine, may fet his hand
And heart unto this deed, when he hath read ;
And make the purchale fpread. Herbert.
j. To ftrain ; to percolate.
They fpeak of fevering wine from water, pajfing it through
ivy wood. Bacon’s Natural Htflory.
8. To vent; to let out.
How many thoufands take upon them to pafs their cenfures
on the perfonal &£tions of others, and pronounce boldly on
the affairs of the publick. Watts.
They will commend the work in general, butpafs fo many
fly remarks upon it afterwards, as fhall deftroy all their cold
praifes. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
9. To utter ceremonioufly.
Many of the lords and fome of the commons pajfed fome
compliments to the two lords. Clarendon.
to. To utter folemnly.
He pajl his promife, and was as good as his word.
L’Ejlrange.
11. Totranfmit.
Waller pajfed over five thoufand horfe and foot by New¬
bridge. Clarendon, l. via.
12. To put an end to.
This night
We’ll pafs the bufinefs privately and well. Shakefpcare.
13. To furpafs ; to excel.
She more Iweet than any bird on bough
Would oftentimes emongft them bear a part,
And ftrive to pafs, as fhe could well enough.
Their native mufic by her fkilful art. Fairy Fpueen.
Whom do’ft thou pafs in beauty ? Ezekiel xxxii. 19.
Martial, thou gav’ft far nobler epigrams
To thy Domitian, than I can my James ;
But in my royal fubjedt I pafs thee,
I hou flattered’ft thine, mine cannot flatter’d be. B. Johnf.
1 he anceftor and all his heirs,
1 hough they in number pajs the liars of heav’n,
Are ftill but one. Davies,
14. To omit; to negledt.
If you fondly paf OUr proffer’d offer,
’Tis not the rounder of your old fac’d walls
Can hide you Shakefpeare’s King John.
Let me o erleap that cuftom ; for I cannot
Put on the gown, ftand naked, and entreat them •
Plcafe you that I may pafs this doing. Shakefpcare.
.PAS
1 pafs tliG wars, that fpotted Jinx’s make
With their fierce rivajs. Dryden.
I pafs their warlike pomp, their proud Stray. Dryden.
15. Totranfcend; to tranlgrefs.
They did pafs thofe bounds, and did return fince that
time. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
16. To admit; to allow.
The money of every one that pajfeth the account, let the
priefts take. 2 Kings xii. 4.
I’ll pafs them all upon account*
As if your nat’ral felf had don’t. Hudibras.
17. To enadt a law.
How does that man know, but the decree may be already
pajfed againfthim, and his allowance of mercy fpent. South.
Among the laws that pafs’d, it was decreed.
That conquer’d Thebes from bondage Ihould be freed.
Dryden’s Knight’s Tale.
Could the fame parliament which addreffed with fo much
zeal and earneftnefs againft this evil,pafs it into a law? Swift.
His majefty’s minifters propofed the good of the nation,
when they advifed the faffing this patent. Swift.
18. To impofe fraudulently.
Th’ indulgent mother did her care employ,
And pafs’d it on her hufband for a boy. Dryden.
19. To pradtice artfully ; to make fucceed.
Time lays open frauds, and after that difeovery there is
no pajfing the fame trick upon the mice. L’ Efrange.
20. To fend from one place to another: as, pafs that beggar to
his own parifh.
21. To Pass away. To fpend ; to wafte.
The father waketh for the daughter, left fhe pafs away the
flower of her age; Eccluf xlii. 9.
22. To Pass by. To excufe ; to forgive.
However God may pafs by Angle tinners in this world ; yet
when a nation combines againft him, the wicked fhall not go
unpunifhed. Tillotfon's Sermons.
23. To Pass by. Tonegledt; to di(regard.
How far ought this enterprize to wait upon thefe other
matters, to be mingled with them, or to pafs by them, andgive lav/ to them, as inferior unto itfelf ? Bacon.
It conduces much to our content, if we pafs by thofe things
which happen to our trouble, and confider that which is profperous; that, by the reprefentation of the better, the worfe
may be blotted out. Taylor’s Holy Living.
Certain paffages of feripture we cannot, without injury to
truth, pafs by here in filence. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
24. To Pass over. To omit j to let go unregarded.
Better to pafs him o'er, than to relate
The caufe I have your mighty fire to hate. Dryden.
It does not belong to this place to have that point debated,
nor will it hinder our purfuit to pafs it over in filence. Watts.
The poet pajfes it over as haftily as he can, as if he were
afraid of flaying in the cave. Dryden.
The queen afked him, who he was; but he pajfes over
this without any reply, and referves the greateft part of his
ftory to a time of more leifure. Broome.
Pass. n. f. [from the verb.]
1. A narrow entrance ; an avenue.
The ftraightpafs was damm’d
With dead men. Shakefpear's Cymbeline.
It would be eafy to defend the pajfes into the whole coun¬
try, that the king’s army fhould never be able to enter. Clar.
Truth is a ftrong hold, fortified by God and nature, and
diligence is properly the underftanding’s laying fiege to it; fo
that it muft be perpetually obferving all the avenues and pajfes
to it, and accordingly making its approaches. South.
2. Paffage; road.
The Tyrians had no pafs to the Red Sea, but through the
territory of Solomon, and by his fufferance. Raleigh.
Pity tempts thepafs ;
But the tough metal of my heart refills. Dryfen.
3. A permiflion to go or come anywhere.
They fhall protedl all that come in, and fend them to
the lord deputy, with their fafe condudl or pafs, to be at his
difpofition. Spenfer on Ireland.
We bid this be done.
When evil deeds have their permifiive pafs,
And not the punifhment. Shakejpeare.
Give quiet pafs
Through your dominions for this enterprize, Shakefpeare.
A gentleman had a pafs to go beyond the feas. Claren.
If they fhould fend for a paj's to France, the ceremony in
afking and granting it would be liable to the fame objections
of delay. Clarendon,
4. An order by which vagrants or impotent perfons are fent to
their place of abode.
5. Pufh ; thrufl in fencing.
’Tis dangerous when the bafer nature comes
Between thepajs and fell incenfed points
Of mighty oppofites. Shakefp. Hamlet.
The king hath laid, that in a dozen pajfes between you and
him, he fhall not exceed you three hits. Shakefpeare.
With
PAS PAS
With Teeming innocence the crowd beguil’d ;
But made the defperate paffes, when he fmil’d. Dryden.
6.State ; condition.
To what a pa/s are our minds brought, that, from the right
line of virtue, are wryed to thefe crooked fhifts ? Sidney.
After King Henry united the rofes, they laboured to re¬
duce both Englitb and Irifh, which work, to what/w/i and
perfection it was brought, in queen Elizabeth’s reign, hath
been declared. Davies's State of Ireland.
I could fee plate, hangings and paintings about my houfe
till you had the ordering ot me, but I am now brought to
fuch pajs, that I can fee nothing at all. L'Ejlrange.
Matters have been brought to this pafs, that if one
among a man’s Ions had any blemifh, he laid him aftde for the
miniftry, and fuch an one was prefently approved. South.
Pa'ssable. adj. [pajftble, Fr. from pa/s.J
1. Poffible to be palled or travelled through or over.
Antiochus departed in all hafte, weening in his pride to
make the land navigable, and the Tea pajfable by foot. 2 Mac.
2. Supportable ; tolerable; allowable.
His body is apajfable carkafs, if he be not hurt. It is a
thoroughfare for Heel. Shake/peare's Cymbeline.
They are crafty and of a pajfable reach of underftanding.
Howel.
In counterfeits, it is with men as with falfe money; one
piece is more or lefs pajfable than another. L'Ejlrange.
Lay by Virgil, my verfion will appear a pajfable beauty
when the original mule is abfent. Dryden.
White and red well mingled on the face, make what was
before but pajfable, appear beautiful. Dryden.
3. Capable of admiffion or reception.
Thefe ftage advocates are not only without truth, but
without colour: could they have made the Hander pajfable,
we fhould have heard farther. Collier.
4. Popular; well received. This is a fenfe lefs ufual.
Where there is no eminent odds in fufficiency, it is better
to take with the more pajjable, than with the more able. Bac.
A man of the one faClion, which is moll pajfable with the
other, commonly giveth beft: way. Bacon's EJfays.
PASSA'DO. n.f. [Italian.] A pulh; a thruft.
A duellift, a gentleman of the very firft houfe; ah ! the
immortal pajfado. Sbakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
Pa'ssage. n.f. [paffage^ French.]
1. ACI of palling; travel; courfe ; journey.
The ftory of fuch a paffage was true, and Jafon with the
reft went indeed to rob Colchos, to which they might arrive
by-boat. Raleigh's Rijlory of the World.
So fhalt thou beft prepar’d endure
Thy mortal paffage when it comes. Milton.
Live like thofe who look upon themfelves as being only on
their pajjage through this ftate, but as belonging to that which
is to come. • Atterbury s Sermons.
Though the paffage be troublefome, yet it is fecure, and
{hall in a little time bring us eafe and peace at the laft. Wake.
2. R.oad ; way.
Human actions are fo uncertain, as that feemeth the beft
courfe, which hath moft paffages out of it. Bacon.
The land enterprize of Panama was grounded upon a falfe
account, that the paffages towards it were no better fortified
than Drake had left them. Bacon.
Is there yet no other way befides
Thefe painful paffages, how we may come
To death, and mix with our connatural duft ? Milton.
Againft which open’d from beneath
A pajjage down to th’ earth, a paffage wide. Milton.
When thepaffage is open, land will be turned moft to great
cattle ; when fhut, to fheep. Temple.
The Perfian army had advanced into the ftraightp^^w
of Cilicia, by which means Alexander with his frnall army
was able to fight and conquer them. South's Seromns.
I he paffage made by many a winding way.
Reach’d e’en the room, in which the tyrant lay. Dryden.
He plies him with redoubled ftrokes ;
Wheels as he wheels ; and with his pointed dart
Explores the neareft pajjage to his heart. Dryden.
I wifhed for the wings of an eagle, to fly away to thofe
happy feats; but the genius told me there was no paffage to
'them, except through the gates of death. Addifon.
I have often flopped all the paffages to prevent the ants
going to their own neft. Addifon's Guardian, N° 157.
When the gravel is feparated from the kidney, oily fubftances relax the paffages. Arbuthnot on Diet.
3. Entrance or exit; liberty to pafs.
What, are my doors oppos’d againft my paffage ? Shak.
4. The ftate of decay. Notin ufe.
Would fomepart of my young years
Might but redeem the paffage of your age ! Shakefp.
5. Intelletftual admittance ; mental acceptance.
I would render this treatife intelligible to every rational man,
however little verfed in fcholaftick learning, among whom I
expedl it will have a fairerpaffage than among thofe deeply im¬
bued with other principles ‘» Digby.
3
6. Occurrence; hap;
It is no act of common paffage, but
A ftrain of rarenefs. , Shakefpearc:
7. Unfettled ftate ; aptnefs by condition or nature to change
the place of abode*
Moft traders in Ireland are but factors; the caufe muft be
rather an ill opinion of fecurity than of gain : the laft intices
the poorer traders, young beginners, or thofe of paffage; but
without the firft, the rich will never fettle in the country.
Temple's Mifcellanies.
In man the judgment {hoots at flying game ;
A bird of paffage ! loft as foon as found ;
Now in the moon perhaps, how under ground. Pope.
8. Incident; tranfadlion.
This bufinefs as it is a very high paffage of ftate, fo it is
worthy of ferious confideration. Hayward.
Thou do’ft in thy paffages of life
Make me believe that thou art only mark’d
For the hot vengeance of heav’n. Shakefp. Henry IV.
9. Management : condudl.
Upon confideration of the conduct and paffage of affairs
in former times, the ftate of England ought to be cleared of
an imputation caft upon it. Davies on Ireland.
10. Part of a book ; Tingle place in a writing. Endroit, Fr.
A critic who has no tafte nor learning* feldom ventures
to praife any paffage in an author who has not been before re¬
ceived by the pubiick. Addifon s Spectator, N° 291.
As to the cantos, all tire paffages are as fabulous as the
vilion at the beginning. Pope.
Pa'ssed. Preterite and participle of pafs.
Why fayeft thou my way is hid from the Lord, and my
judgment is paffed over from my God ? Ifaiah xl. 27.
He affirmed, that no good law paffed fince king William’s
acceffion, except the a£t for preferving the game. Addifon.
The defeription of a life, paffed away in vanity and among
the fhadows of pomp, may be foon finely drawn in the fame
place. Addifhi's Spectator^ Nv 210.
Pa'ssenger. n.f. [paffager, French.]
1. A traveller; one who is upon the road ; a wayfarer.
All the way, the wanton damfel found
New mirth, her paffenger to entertain. Fairy Sfucen.
What hollowing, and what ftir is this ?
Thefe are my mates that make their wills their law.
Have fome unhappy paffenger in chafe. Shakefpeare.
The nodding horror of whofe fhady brows
Threats the forlorn and wand’ring paffenger. Miltons
Apelles, when he had finifhed any work, expofed it to the
fight of all paffngersy and concealed himfelf to hear the cenfure of his faults. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
2. One who hires in any vehicle the liberty of travelling.
The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempeft doth attend the
unlkilful words of a paffenger. Sidney.
Passengerfalcon, n.f A kind of migratory hawk. Ainf.
P'asser. n.J. [from pafs.'] One who paffes; one that is upon
the road.
Under you ride the home and foreign {hipping in fo near a
diftance, that, without troubling the pafj'er or borrowing
Stentor’s voice, you may confer with any in the town* Carew.
Have we fo foon forgot,
When, like a matron, butcher’d by[her Tons,
And caft befide fome common way a fpeftacle
Of horror and affright to paffers by.
Our groaning country bled at every vein. Rowe.
Passibi'lity. n.f. [pajfibilitf Fr. from pajftble.J Quality of
receiving impreffions from external agents.
The laft doubt, touching the paffibility of the matter of
the heavens, is drawn from the eclipfes of the fun and
moon. Hakewill on Providence.
Pa'ssible. adj. [pajftble, Fr. pajftbilis, Lat.] Sufceptive of im
preffions from external agents.
Theodoret difputeth with great earneftnefs, that God can¬
not be faid to fuffer; but he thereby meaneth Chrift’s divine
nature againft Apollinarius, which held even deity itfelf
pajftble. Hooker, b. v. 53.
Pa'ssibleness. n.f [frompajftble.] Quality of receiving im¬
preffions from external agents.
It drew after it the herely of the pafftblenefs of the deity,
becaufe the deity of Chrift was become, in their conceits,
the fame nature with the humanity that was paffible.
Brernuood on Languages.
Passing, participial adj. [frompafs.]
1. Supreme; furpaffing others ; eminent.
No ftrength of arms fhall win this noble fort,
Or {hake this puiffant wall, fuch pafftng might
Have fpells and charms, if they be faid aright. Fairfax.
Sir Hudibras his pafftng worth, w J
The manner how he Tallied forth: Hudibras.
2. It is ufed adverbially to enforce the meaning of another word.’
Exceeding. ®
Oberon is pafftng fell and wroth. Shakefpeare.
Many
PAS
Many in each region pajftng fair
As the noon fky ; more like to goddefles
Than mortal creatures. Milton’s Paradife LoJ}.
She was not only pajftng fair.
But was withal difcreet and debonair. Dryden.
While thus we flood as in a ftound,
Full foon by bonfire and by bell.
We learnt our liege was pajftng well. Gay.
Pa'ssingbell. n. f. [pajftng and bell.] The bell which rings
at the hour of departure, to obtain prayers for the palling foul:
it is often ufed for the bell, which rings immediately after
death.
Thofe loving papers,
Thicken on you now, as pray’rs afcend
To heaven in troops at a good man’s paftingbell. Donne.
A talk of tumult, and a breath
Would ferve him as his pajftngbell to death, Daniel
Before the pajjingbell begun.
The news through half the town has run. Swift.
PA'SSION. n. f. [pajfton, French ; pajfto, Latin.]
I.Any effeCt caufed by external agency.
The differences of mouldable and not mouldable, fciflible
and not fciflible, and many other pajftons of matter are ple¬
beian notions, applied to the inftruments men ordinarily
pra&ife. Bacon.
A body at reft affords us no idea of any aClive power to
move, and when, fet in motion, it is rather a pajfton than
an aCtion in it. Locke.
2- Violent commotion of the mind.
All the other pajftons fleet to air.
As doubtful thoughts and rafh embrac’d defpair. Shakefp.
Thee every thing becomes, to chide, to laugh,
To weep : whofe every pajfton fully ftrives
To make itfelf in thee fair and admired. Shakefpeare.
Vex’d I am
Of late, with pajftons of fome difference. Shakefpeare.
I am doubtful, left
You break into fome merry pajfton.
And fo offend him :
If you fhould fmile, he grows impatient. Shakefp.
In loving thou do’ft well, in pajfton not;
Wherein true love confifts not. Milton's Par. Loft.
Cruel his eye, but call
Signs of remorfe and pajfton, to behold
The fellows of his crime condemn’d
For ever now to have their lot in pain. Milton's Par. Loft.
PaJJion's too fierce to be in fetters bound.
And nature flies him like enchanted ground. Dryden.
All the art of rhetorick, befides order and perfpicuity, only
moves the pajftons, and thereby mifleads the judgment. Locke.
3. Anger.
The word pajfton fignifies the receiving any aClion in a
large philofophical fenfe; in a more limited philofophical
fenfe, it fignifies any of the affeCtions of human nature; as
love, fear, joy, forrow: but the common people confine it
only to anger. Watts.
4. Zeal; ardour.
Where ftatefmen are ruled by fa&ion and intereft, they can
have no pajfton for the glory of their country, nor any con¬
cern for the figure it will make. Addijon on Medals.
5. Love.
For your love,
You kill’d her father : you confefs’d you drew
A mighty argument to prove yourpajfton for the daughter.
Dryden and Lee's Oedipus.
He, to grate me more,
Publickly own’d his pajfton for Ameftris. Rowe.
Survey yourfelf, and then forgive your flave,
Think what a pajfton fuch a form rnuft have. Granvil.
6. Eargernefs.
Abate a little of that violent pajfton for fine cloaths, fo pre¬
dominant in your fex. Swift.
7. Emphatically. The laft fuffering of the redeemer of the
world.
He fhewed himfelf alive after his pajfton, by many infallible
proofs. ASis i. 3.
To Passion, v. n. [pajftonner, Fr. from the noun.] To be
extremely agitated ; to exprefs great commotion of mind.
Obfolete.
’Twas Ariadne pajftoning
For Thefeus’ perjury and unjuft flight. Shakefpeare.
Passion-flower, n.f [granadilla, Latin.]
Pajfton-flower hath a double calyx, the firft confifting of
three leaves, the other of five, which expand in form of a
ftar: the flowers confift of five leaves each, and are of a rofaceous form : in the centre of the flower arifes the pointal,
with a crown fringed at the bottom, but furnifhed with a
tender embryo at the top, on which ftand three clubs, under
which are the ftamina, with rough obtufe apices, which al¬
ways incline downward ; the embryo turns to an oval or
globular fruit, flelhy, and confifting of one cell, which is
2
PAS
full of feeds adhering to the fides, and covered with a fort of
hood or veil. Miller.
Pa'ssion-week. n. f 'The week immediately preceding
Eafter, named in commemoration of our Saviour’s crucifixion.
Passionate, ad/. [pajftonne, French.]
1. Moved by paflion; caufing or exprefling great commotion
of mind.
My whole endeavour is to refolve the confcience, and to
Ihew what, in this controverfy, the heart is to think, if it
will follow the light of found and fincere judgment, without
either cloud of prejudice or mift of pajfionate affection. Hooker.
Thucydides obferves, that men are much more pajfionate for
injuftice than for violence ; becaufe the one coming as from
an equal feems rapine ; when the other proceeding from one
ftronger is but the effeCt of neccflity. Clarendon.
Good angels looked upon this fhip of Noah’s with a
pajfionate concern for its fafety. Burnet.
Men, upon the near approach of death, have been rouzed
Up into fuch a lively fenfe of their guilt, fuch a pajfionate de¬
gree of concern and remorfe, that, if ten thoufand ghofts
had appeared to them, they fcarce could have had a fuller
conviction of their danger. Attcrbury s Sermons.
2. Eafily moved to anger.
Homer’s Achilles is haughty and pajfionate, impatient of
any reftraint by laws, and arrogant in arms. Prior.
To Pa'sssionate. v. a. [frompajfton.] An old word. Obfolete.
j. To affeCt with paflion.
Great pleafure mix’d with pitiful regard.
That godly king and queen did pajfionate,
Whilft they his pitiful adventures heard,
That oft they did lament his lucklefs ftate. Fairy Fjueen.
2. To exprefs paflionately.
Thy neice and I want hands.
And cannot pajfionate our tenfold grief
With folded arms. Shakefpeare's Titus Andronicus.
Passionately, adv. [from pajfionate.]
1. With paflion ; with defire, love or hatred ; with great com¬
motion of mind.
Whoever pajfionately covets any thing he has not, has loft
his hold. L'Eftrange.
If forrow exprefies itfelf never fo loudly and pajfionately,
and difeharge itfelf in never fo many tears, yet it will no
more purge a man’s heart, than the wafhing of his hands
can cleanfe the rottenefs of his bones. South’s Sermons.
I made Melefinda, in oppofition to Nourmahal, a woman
pajfionately loving of her hufband, patient of injuries and con¬
tempt, and conftant in her kindnels. Dryden.
2. Angrily.
They lay the blame on the poor little ones, fometimes
pajfionately enough, to divert it from themfelves. Locke.
Pa'ssionateness. n.f. [from pajfionate.]
1. State of being fubjeCt to paflion.
2. Vehemence of mind.
To love with fome paffionatenefs the perfon you would
marry, is not only allowable but expedient. Boyle.
PA'SSIVE. adj. [pajftft French; pajftvus, Latin.]
1. Receiving impreflion from fome external agent.
High above the ground
Their march was, and the pajftve air upbore
Their nimble tread. Milton's Paradife Loft.
The aCtive informations of the intellect, filling the pajftve
reception of the will, like form clofing with matter, grew
aCtuate into a third and diftinCt perfection of practice. South.
As the mind is wholly pajftve in the reception of all its
Ample ideas, fo it exerts leveral aCts of its own, whereby,
out of its Ample ideas, the other is formed. Locke.
The vis inertia is a pajftve principle by which bodies perfift
in their motion or reft, receive motion in proport, ;n to the
force imprefling it, and refill as much as they are refilled :
by this principle alone, there never could have been any mo¬
tion in the world. Newton’s Opticks.
2. Unrefifting ; not oppofing.
Not thofe alone, who pajftve own her laws.
But who, weak rebels, more advance her caufe. Dunciad.
3. Suffering ; not aCting.
4. [In grammar.]
A verb pajftve is that which fignifies paflion or the effeCl of
adion : as, doceor, I am taught. Clarke's Lat. Gram.
Passively, adv. [from pajftve.] With a paflive nature.
Though fome are pajftvely inclin’d.
The greater part degenerate from their kind. Dryden.
Pa'ssiveness. n.f. [from.pajftve.]
1. Quality of receiving impreflion from external agents.
2. Fallibility ; power of fuffering.
We Ihall lofe our pajftvenef with our being, and be as in¬
capable of fuffering as heaven can make us. Decay of Piety.
Passi'vity. n.f. [frompajftve.] Paflivenefs. An innovated
word.
There being no mean between penetrability and impene¬
trability, between pajftvity and aClivity, thefe being contrary
and oppofite, the infinite rarefaClion of the one quality is
the pofitjon of its contrary. Cheyne’t Philofophical Principles.
Pa'ssqver.
PAS
PA'sscviiR. n. f. [pafs and over.]
1. A leaft inftituted among the Jews in memory of the time
when God, fmiting the firft-born of the Egyptians, pajfed
tvcr the habitations of the Hebrews.
Thejewspaffover was at hand, andjefus went up. Jo. ii. 13.
The Lord’s paffover, commonly called Falter, was or¬
dered by the common law to be celebrated every year oh a
Sunday. Aylife's Parerron.
2. The iHcrihce killed. M L
Take a lamb, and kill the pajfover. Exodus xii. 2t.
Passport, n.f [pajjport, Fr.] Permiflion of egrefs.
Under that pretext, fain the would have given a fecret
pajjport to her affection. Sidney.
Giving his reafonpajjport for to pafs
Whither it would, fo it would let him die. Sidney.
Let him depart; hispajjport fhall be made.
And crowns for convoy put ihto his purfe. Shakefpeare.
Having uled extreme caution in granting pajfports to Ire¬
land, he conceived that paper not to have been delivered. Clay.
The gofpel has then only a free admillion into the alfent
of the underftanding, when it brings a pajjport from a rightly
difpofed will, as being the faculty of dominion, that com¬
mands all, that fhuts out, and lets in, w’hat objedts it
pleafes. South's Sermons.
Admitted in the fhirilng throng.
He Ihows the pajjport which he brought along;
His pajjport is his innocence and grace.
Well known to all the natives of the place. Dryden.
At our meeting in another world
For thou haft drunk thy pajjport out of this, Dryden.
Pasti participial adj. [from pafs.J
I. Not prefent; not to cornel
Pajl, and to come, feem beft ; things prefent worft. Shak.
For leveral monthspajl, papers have been written upon the
beft publick principle, the love of our country. Swift.
This not alone has fhone on ages pajl,
But lights the prefent, and fhall warm the laft. Pope.
1. Spent; gone through ; undergone.
A life of glorious labours pajl. Pope.
Past. n.f. Elliptically ufed for part time.
TJhspafl is all by death polFeft,
And frugal fate that guards the reftj
By giving bids us live to-day. Fenton.
Past, prepofitian.
1. Beyond in time.
Sarah was delivered of a child, when fhe was pajl age.
Hebrews xu xi.
2. No longer1 capable of.
Fervent prayers he made, when he was efteemed pajl fenfe,
and fo fpent his laft breath in committing his foul unto the
Almighty. Hayward.
3. Beyond ; out of reach of.
We muft not
Proftitute our pajl cure malady
To empiricks. Shakejptar's All's well that ends well.
What’s gone, and what’s pajl help,
Should be pajl grief. Shakefp. Winter's Talc.
Many men have not yet finned themfelves pajl all fenfe or
feeling, but have fome regrets; and when their fpirits are at
any time difturbed with the fenfe of their guilt, they are for
a little time more watchful over their ways; but they Are
foon difheartened. Cala?ny's Sermons.
Love, when once pafl government, is confequently pa/l
Ihame. . . L'Ejlrange.
Her life fhe might have had ; but the defpair
Of faving his, had put it pajl her care. Dryden,
I’m ftupify’d with forrow, pajl relief
Of tears. Dryden.
That the bare receiving a fum fhould fink a man into a
fervile ftate, is pajl my comprehenfion. Collier on Pride.
T hat he means paternal power, is pajl doubt from the in¬
ference he makes. Locke.
4. Beyond; further than.
We will go by the king’s high way, until we be pajl thy
borders. Numbers xxi. 22.
5. Above ; more than.
1 he northern Irifh Scots have bows not pajl three quarters
of a yard long, with a firing of wreathed hemp and their
arrow's not much above an ell, Spenjer on Ireland.
The fame inundation was not deep, not pajl forty foot
from the ground. Bacon.
PASTE, n.f. [pafl?> French.]
I. Any thing mixed up fo a? to be vifeous and tenacious : fuch
as flour and water for bread or pies ; or various kinds of earth
mingled for the potter.
Except you could bray Chriftendom in a mortar, and
mould it into a new pajle, there is -no poflibility of an holy
’war. Bacon s Holy War.
v With particles of heav’nly fireThe God of nature did his loul infpire ;
Which wife Prometheus temper’d into pnjle,
And, mixt with living ftreams, the godlike image caft. Dryd.
PAS
When the gods moulded up the pafie of man,
Some of their dough was left upon their hands. Dryden.
He has the whiteft hand that ever you faw, and raifes pajle
better than any woman. Adclifon's Spectator, N° 482.
2. Flour and water boiled together fo as to make a cement.
3. Artificial mixture, in imitation of precious ftones.
To Paste, v. a. [pajler, Fr. from the noun.] To fallen
with pafte.
By pa/ling the vowels and confonants on the fides of dice,
his eldeft fon played himfelf into fpellirig. Locke.
Young creatures have learned their letters and fyllables, by
, having them pajled upon little flat tablets. Watts.
Pa'steboard. n.f. [pajle and board.] Malles made anciently
by palling one papef on another : how made fometimes by
macerating paper and calling it in moulds, fometimes by
pounding old cordage, and calling it in forms.
Tintoret made chambers of board and pajteboard, propor¬
tioned to his models, with doors and windows, through which
he diftributed, ori his figures, artificial lights. Dryden.
I would not make myfelf merry even with a piece of pajleboard, that is inverted with a publick character. Addijon.
Pasteboard, adj. Made of pafteboard.
Put filkworms on whited brown paper into a pajleboard
. box. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
Pa'stel: it.f An herb. Ainfworth.
Pa'stern. n.J [pajluron, French.]
1. The knee of an horfe.
I will not change my horfe with any that treads on four
pajlerns. Shakefpear's Henry V.
The colt that for a llallion is defign’d.
Upright he walks on pajlerns firm and ftraight.
His motions eafy, prancing in his gait. Dryden.
Being heavy, he fhould not tread ftiff, but have a pajlern
made him, to break the force of his weight: by this his body
hangs on the hoof, as a coach doth by the leathers. Grew.
2. The legs of an human creature in contempt.
So ftraight Ihe walk’d, and on her pajlerns high :
If feeing her behind, he lik’d her pace,
Now turning Ihort, he better lik’d her face. Dryden.
Pa'stil. n. f [pajlilltis, Lat. pajlille, Fr.] A roll of pafte.
To draw with dry colours, make long pajlils, by grinding
red led with ftrong wort, and fo roll them up like pencils,
drying them in the fun. . Peacham on Drawing.
Pastime. n.J. [pafs and time.] Sport; amufement; diverfion.
It was more requifite for Zelmane’s hurt to reft, than
fit up at thofe pajlimes ; but Ihe, that Felt no wound but one,
earneftly defired to have the pdftorals. Sidney, b. i.
I’ll be as patient as a gentle ftrearn;
Arid make A pajlime of each weary ftep,
’Till the laft ftep has brought me to my love. Shakefp.
Phjlime palling excellent,
If hulhanded with modefty. Shakejpeare.
With thefe
Find pajlime, and bear rule ; thy realm is large. Milton.
A man, much addi&ed to luxury, recreation and pajlime,
fhould never pretend to devote himfelf entirely to the fciences,
unlefs his foul be fo refined, that he can tafte thefe entertain¬
ments eminently iri his clofet. Watts.
Pa'stor. n.J. [pajlor, Latin ; pajleur, old French.]
I. A Ihepherd.
Receive this prefent by the mufes made,
The pipe on which the Afcr<ean pajlor play’d. Dryden.
I he pafor Ihears their hoary beards.
And eafes of their hair the loaden herds. Drydeft.
X. A clergyman who has the care of a flock; one who has fouls
to feed with found doctrine.
The pajlor maketh fuits of the people, and they with
one voice teftify a general alfent thereunto, or he joyfully
beginneth, and they with like alacrity follow, dividing be¬
tween them the fentences wherewith they ftrive, which fhall
much fhew his own, and ftir up others zeal to the glory of
God. Hooker, b. v. /. 39.
The firft branch of the great Work belonging to a pajlor
of the church, was to teach. South's Sermons.
A breach in the general form of worfhip was reckoned too
unpopular to be attempted, neither was the expedient then
found out of maintaining feparate pajlors out of private
purfes. _ Swift.
Pa'storal. adj. [pajloralis, Latin; pajloral, French,]
1. Rural; ruftick ; befeeming fhepherds; imitating fhepherds.
In thofe pajloral paftimes, a great many days were fent to
follow their flying predeceffors. Sidney.
2. Relating to the care of fouls.
Their lord and mafter taught concerning the pajloral care
he had over his own flock. Hooker, b.v. f 19.
The bifhop of Salilbury recommended the tenth fatire of
Juvenal, in his pajloral letter, to the ferious perufal of the
divines of his diocefe. Dryden.
Pa storal. n. J. A poem in which any adtion or paffioi is
reprefented by its effects upon a country life ; or according to
the common practice in which fpeakers take upon them the
character of fhepherds; an idyl; a bucolick,
*9^ ' Pajloral
PAT
King. \
Pajloral is an imitation of the afiion of a Ihcpherd; the
form of this imitation is dramatick or narrative, or mixed
of both, the fable Ample, the manners not too polite nor too
ruftick. Pope.
1 he bell adlors in the world, for tragedy, comedy, hiftory, pajloral. Shakefp. Hamlet.
. There ought to be the fame difference between pajlorals
and elegies, as between the life of the country and the court;
the latter ftiould be fmooth, clean* tender and paffionate :
the thoughts may be bold, more gay, and more elevated than
in 'pajloral. JValJh\
Pa'stry. n.f. [pajlijfcrie, Fr. from pajle.]
1. The adt of making pies.
Let never frefh machines your pajlry try,
Unlefs grandees or magiftrates are by,
Then you may put a dwarf into a pye;
2. Pies or baked pafte.
Remember
The feed cake, the pafries and the furmenty pot. Tujfer.
They call for dates and quinces in the pajlry. Shakefp.
Bealls of chafe, or fowls of game.
In pajlry built, or from the fpit, or boil’d*
Gris amber fteam’d, Milton s Paradife Regain’d.
3. The place where paftry is made.
Pa'stry-cook. n.f. [pajlry and cook.] One whofe trade is
to make and fell things baked in pafte.
I with 3’ou knew what my hufband has paid to the pajlrycooks and confectioners. Arbuthnot.
P-Tsturable. adj. [from pnjlure.] Fit for paflure.
Pa'sturage. n.J'. [pajlurage, French.]
1. The bufinefs of feeding cattle.
I with there were fome ordinances, that whofoever keepeth
twenty kine, fhould keep a plough going ; for otherwife all
men would fall to pajlurage, and none to hufbandry.
Spenfer on Ireland.
2. Lands grazed by cattle.
France has a Iheep by her to (hew, that the riches of the
country confided chiefly in flocks and pajlurage. Addifon.
3. The ufe of paflure.
Cattle fatted by good pajlurage, after violent motion, die
fuddenly. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Pasture, n.f. [pa/lure, French.]
1. Food ; the a£l of feeding.
Unto the confervation is required a folid paflure, and a food
congenerous unto nature. Brown’s Vulgar ErrourSi
2. Ground on which cattle feed;
A carelefs herd*
Full of the paflure, jumps along by him.
And never flays. Shakefpeare’s As you like it.
When there was not room for their herds to feed together,
they, by confent, feparated and enlarged their pajlure where
it beff liked them. Locke.
The new tribes look abroad
On nature’s common, far as they can fee
Or wing, their range and pafure. Thomfon’s Spring.
3> Human culture ; education.
From the firft pajlures of our infant age,
To elder cares and man’s feverer page
We lafh the pupil. Dryden.
To Pa sture* v. a. [from the noun.] To place in a paflure.
To Pa'sture. v. n. [from the noun ] To graze on the
ground.
The cattle in the fields and meadows green
Thofe rare and folitary; thefe in flocks
Pajitiring at once, and in broad herds upfprung; , Milton.
Pasty, n. f. [pajle, French.] A pye of cruft raifed without
a difh.
Of the pafte a coffin will I rear,
‘ And make two fajlies of your fhameful heads. Shakefp.
I will confefs what I know; if ye pinch me like Tspajly, I
> can fay no more. Shakejpeare.
If you’d fright an alderman and mayor,
w Within a^tf//ylodgea living hare. King.
A man of fober life.
Not quite a madman, though a pajly fell,
And much too wife to walk into a well. Pope.
Pat. adj. [from pas, Dutch, Skinner.] Fit; convenient;
exacftly fuitable either as to time or place. This is a low word,
and Ihould not be ufed but in burlelque writings.
Pat pat; and here’s a marvellous convenient place for our
rehearfal. Shakefpcar’s Midfuminer Night’s Dream.
Now I might do it pat, now he is praying. Shakefps
They never faw two things fo pat.
In all refpedls, as this and that. Hudibras, p. ii.
Zuinglius dreamed of a text, which he found verypat to his
do&rine of the Eucharift. Atterbury.
He was Purely put to’t at the end of a verfc*
Becaufe he could find no word toco pat in. Swift.
Pat. n.J. [pattc, Fr. is a foot, and thence pat may be a blow
with the foot.]
/. A light quick blow ; a tap.
j he leaft nolle is enough to difturb the operation of hi's
6
PAT
brain; the pat of a fhuttle-cock, of the creaking of a jack
will do. Collier on human Reafon.
2. Small lump of matter beat into fbape with the hand.
To Pat. v. a. [from the noun.] To ftrike lightly ; to tap.
Children prove, whether they can rub upon the breaft
with one hand, and pat upon the forehead with another, and
ftraightways they pat with both. Bacon $ Nat. Hifl.
Gay pats my fhoulder, and you vUnifli quite. Pope,
Pa'tache. n.f A fmall fhip. Ainfworth.
Pa'tacoon. n.f A Spanifh coin worth four fliillingr and
eight* pence Englifh. Ainjwortb.
To Patch, v. n. [pudtzer, Danifh; pezzare, Italian.]
1. To cover with a piece fewed on.
They would think themfelves miferable in a patched coat,
and yet their minds appear in a pie-bald livery of coarfe patches
and borrowed Ihreds. Locke.
2. To decorate the face with fmall fpots of black filk*
In the middle boxes, were feveral ladies who patched both
fides of their faces. Addifon’s Spectator, NQ Si.
We begg’d her but to patch her face,
She never hit one proper place. Swift.
3. To mend clumfdy; to mend fo as that the original ftrengtli
or beauty is loft.
Any thing mended, is butpatch’d. Shakefp.
Phyfick can but mend our crazy ftate,
Patch an old building, not a new create. Dryden.
Broken limbs, common prudence fends us to the furgeons
to piece and patch up. L’EJlrange.
4. To make up of fhreds or different pieces. Sometimes with
up emphatical.
If we leek to judge of thofe times, which the feriptures fet
us down without error, by the reigns of the Aflyrian princes,
we lhall but patch up the ftory at adventure, and leave it in
confufion. Raleigh’s Hijlory of the iVorld.
His glorious end was a patch'd work of fate.
Ill forted with a loft effeminate life.- Dryden.
There is that vifible fymmetry in a human body, as gives
an intrinfick evidence, that it was not formed fucceflively anc}
patched up by piece-meal. Bentley’s Sermons.
Enlarging an author’s fenfe, and building fancies of our
own upon his foundation, we may call paraphrafmg; but
more properly changing, adding, patching, piecing. Felton.
PATCH, n.f. [pezzo, Italian.]
1. A piece fewed on to cover a hole.
Patches fet upon a little breach,
Difcredit more in hiding of the flaw,
Than did the flaw before it was fo patch’d. Shakefp.
If the (hoe be ript, or patches put;
He’s wounded! fee the plaifteron his foot. Dryden.
They fuffer their minds to appear in a pie-bald livery of
coarfe patches and borrowed fhreds, fuch as the common opi¬
nion of thofe they converfe with clothe them in. Locket
2. A piece inferted in mofaick or variegated work.
3. A fmall fpot of black filk put on the face.
How ! providence ! and yet a Scottifh crew !
Then madam nature wears black patches too: Cleaveland.
. If to every common funeral,
By your eyes martyr’d, fuch grace were allow’d,
Your face wou’d wear not patches, but a cloud. Suckling.
They were patched differently, and caff hoftile glances
upon one another, and their patches were placed in different
fituations as party-fignals to diftinguilh friends from foes. Addif
This the morning omens feem’d to tell;
Thrice from my trembling hand the patch-box fell. Pope.
4. A fmall partielp ; a parcel of land.
We go to gain a little patch of ground,
That hath in it no profit but the name. Shakefp.
5. A paltry fellow. Obfolete.
What a py’d ninny’s this ? thou feurvy patch ! Shakefp.
Pa'tcher. n.f [from patch.] One that patches ; a botcher.
Pa'tcheRY. n.J'. [from patch.] Botchery ; bungling work.
Forgery. A word not in ufe.
You hear him cogg, fee him diffemble.
Know his grols patchcry, love him, and feed him,
Yet remain allur’d that he’s a made-up villain. Shakefp.
Pa'tchwork. n.f [patch anti Work.] Work made by fewing
fmall pieces of different colours interchangeably together.
When my cloaths w'ere linifhed, they looked like the
patchwork, only mine were all of a colour. Gulliver’s Travels<
Whoever only reads to tranferibe Ihining remarks, without
entering into the genius and fpirit of the author, will be apt
to be milled out ot the regular way of thinking ; and all the
product of all this will be found a manifeft incoherent piece
of patchwork. Swifts
Foreign her air, her robe’s dilcordant pride
In patchwork flut’ring. Dunciad.
Pate, n.f [This is derived by Skinner from the, Fr.] The
head. Now commonly uled in contempt or ridicule, but anticntly in ferious language.
Senfelels man, that himfelf doth hate,
To love another ;
Here take thy lover’s token on thy pate. Fairy VJie’n.
Behold
Puffer.
PAT
Behold the defpairc,
By cuftorrve and covetous pates,
By gaps and opening of gates.
He is a traitor, let him to the tower,
And crop away that factious pate of his.
Steal by line and level is an excellent pals of pate. Sbakeft.
That fly devil,. Jl
That broker that ftill breaks the pate of faith,
That daily breakvow. Shakefp.
I had broke thy pate.
And aIk'd thee mercy for’t. Shake/p.
ho dares
Say this man is a flatterer. The learned pate
Ducks to the golden fool. ' Shakefp.
I hank your gentler fate,
That, for a bruis’d or broken/w/v;
Has freed you from thole knobs that grow*
Much harder on the married brow. Hudtbras.
It only fcorn attends men tor aliening the church’s difraty, many will rather chuie to negled their duty, than to
get a broken pate in the church s lervice. South’s fermons.
It any young novice happens into the neighbourhood of
flatterers, prefently they are plying his full purlb and empty
pate with addrelies fuitable to his vanity. South.
Pa ted. ad), [from pate.] Having a pate. It is ufed only in
compofition: as, long-pated or cunning • fha\\ovf-pated or
foolifh.
Patefaction. n.f. [patfafaq, Latin.] Ad or Hate of
opening. _ Ainfworth.
Fa'ten. n.f [patina, Latin.] A plate. Not In ufe.
The floor of heav’n
Is thick inlaid with patens of bright gold ;
There’s not the fmalleft orb which thou behold’ft,
But in his motion like an angel lings. Shakefp,
Pa tent, adj. [patens, Latin ; patent, French.]
1. Open to the perufal of all : as, letters patent.
2. Something appropriated by letters patent.
Madder is efteemed a commodity that will turn to good
profits fo that, in king Charles the firft’s time, it was made
, ^patent commodity. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
Patent, n.f. A writ conferring fome cxclufive right or pri¬
vilege.
If you are fo fond over her iniquity, give her patent to of¬
fend i for if it touch not you, it comes near no body.
Shakefpeare.
So will I grow, fo live, fo die,
Ere I will yield my virgin patent up
Unto his lordfhip. Shabjpfare’sMidfum. Night’s Bream.
We are cenfured as obftinate, in not complyino- with a
royal patent. , ° Swift.
Patentee . ti. ffrorri patent.^ One who has a patent.
If his tenant and patentee difpofe of his gift, without his
kingly confent, the lands fball revert to the king. Bacon.
In the patent granted to lord Dartmouth, the fecurities
obliged the patentee to rbteive his money back upon every
demand. Swift
PATER-NOSTER. n.f [Lat:] The Lord’s prayer. J‘
No penny no fater-nofer. Camden’s Remains.
Pate'rNAL. adj. [paternus, Lat. paternel, Fr.]
1. [Fatherly; having the relation of a father; pertaining to a
father. °
I difclaim all my paternal care;
Propinquity and property of blood,
And as a ftranger to my heart and me
Hold thee. Shakefpckrc’s King Rear.
Admonitions fraternal or paternal of his fellow chriflians
ior governors of the church. Hammond.
They fpend their days in joy unblam’d ; and dwell
Long time in peace, by families and tribes.
Under paternal rule. Miltons Paradifc Loft.
2. Hereditary; received in fuccefflon from one’s father.
Meri plough with oxen of their own
Their fmall paternal field of corn. Dryden.
He held his paternal eftate from the bounty of the con-
<Iueror‘ „ . Drydcn.
Retr&at betimes
To thy paternal feat, the Sabine field,
Where the great Cato toil’d with his own hands. Addifon.
Pate'rnity. n.f. [from paternus, Lat. paternite, Fr.] Fatherfhip ; the relation of a father. J
The world, while it had Scarcity of people, underwent no
other dominion than paternity and elderfhip. Raleivh
A young heir, kept fhort by his father, might be knowri
by his countenance; in this cafe, the paterhity and filiation
leave very fenfible impreflions. Arbuthnot.
Path. n.f. [pa8, Saxon.] Way; road; track. In converfation it is ufed of a narrow way to be palled on foot; but in
folemn language means any paffage.
For darlcnefs, where is the place therepf ? that thou fhouldft
know the paths to the houfe thereof. Job xxxviii. 20.
On the glad earth the golden age renew,
And thy great father’s path to heav’n purfue. Drydcn.
PAT
The dewy paths of meadows we will tread,
For crowns and chaplets. Dryden's Theocritus
There is but one road by which to climb up, and they
have a very fevere law againft any that enters the town by
another path, left any new one fhould be worn on the
^ Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
PATHE riCAL. ) [irotS-rilnioi;; pathetique, Fr.] AffedinpPA 1 HE 1ICK. \ the pafljons; paftlonate ; moving.
His page that handful of wit;
’Tis a moft pathetical neat. Shakejp.
How'pathetick is that expoftulation of Job, when, for the
trial of his patience, he was made to look upon himfelf in
this deplorable condition. Spectator, N° 571.
7 u% conftdered the difpofitions of a fincere and lefs mer¬
curial nation, by dwelling on thz pathetick part. Swift.
While thus pathetick to the prince he fpoke,
From the brave youth the ftreaming paftion broke. Pope,
athe tically. adv. [from pathetical.] In fuch a maaner
as may ftrike the paftions.
^Fkefe reafons, fo pathetically Urged and fo admirably raifed
by the prolopopoia of nature, fpeaking to her children with
lo much authority, deferve the pains I have taken. Drydcn.
Rathe ticalness. n.f. [from pathetical.] Quality of beingpathetick ; quality of moving the paffion.
Pa thless. ^‘.[from path.] Untrodden; not marked with paths.
_ Afk thou the citizens of pathlefs woods ;
What cut the air with wings, what fwim in floods. Sandys.
Dike one that had been led aftray
Through the heav’ns wide pathlefs way. Milton.
In fortune’s empire blindly thus we go,
And wander after pathlefs deftiny,
Whofe dark reforts frnce prudence cannot know ;
In vain it would provide. *Drydcn.
Through mifts obfeure, fhe wings her tedious way
Now wanders dazzl’d with too bright a day ;
And from the lummit of a pathlejfcoaft
; / Sees infinite, and in that fight is loft. Prior.
Pa thognomonick. adj. [7roc3royvuy.6vUb, and yiviL<rstw.J ouch figns of a difeafe as are infeparable, defip-nino- the
efTence or real nature of the difeafe; not fymptomatick. Duincy.
He has the true pathognomonick fign of love, jealoufy • for
no body will fuffer his miftrefs to Be treated fo. Arbuthnot.
PaThoLoGical. adj. [pathologique, Fr. from pathologyA Re¬
lating to the tokens or difcoverable effeds of a diftemper.
Pathologist, n.f. [7raS-©-> and xiyu.] One who treats of
pathology.
PAJHOLOGY. n\ f‘ ftdfhot and xiyco ; pathologie, Fr.]
That part of medicine which relates to the diftemper, with
their differences, caufes and effeds incident to the human
b°dy. - Apuincy
Pathway, n.f [path and way.] A road; ftridlv a narrow
way to be pafied on foot.
f Alas, that love, whofe view is muffl’d ftill.
Should without eyes fee pathways to his ill. Shakef
In the way of righteoufnefs is life, and in the pathway
thereof there is no death. Proverbs xii. 28.
When in the middle pathway balks the fnake ;
O lead me, guard me from the fultry hours. Gay.
Pa tible. adj. [from patior, Lat.J Sufferable; tolerable. Dibit.
Pa'tibulary. adj. [patibtdaire, Fr. from patibulurn, Latin.]
Belonging to the gallows. Did.
Pa'iience. n.f. [patience, French; jatientia, Latin.]
1. The power of fuffering ; indurance; the power of expeding long without rage or difeontent; the power of fupportin^
faults or injuries without revenge; long fuftering.
The king becoming graces,
Devotion, patiehce, courage, fortitude;
I have no relifh of them. , - Shakefp. Macbeth.
Neceflary patience in feekjng the Lord; is better than he
that leadeth his life without a guide. Ecciif xx. 22
Havepatience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matched.
Chriftian fortitude and patience have their opportunity in
times of afflidion and perffeution. Sprat’s Sermons.
Frequent debauch to hdbitude prevails.
Patience of toil and love of virtue fails. Prior.
2. Sufferance; permiffiom
By their patience, be it fpoken, the npoftles preached as
Well when they wrote, as when they fpake the gofdel. Hooker.
3. An herb. A fpecies of dock.
f Patience, an herb, makes a good boiled fallad. Mortimer.
Pa tient. adj. [patient, Ir. patiens, Latin.]
1. Having the quality of enduring
Wheat, which is the beft fort of grain, of which the
pureft bread is made, is patient of heat aiid cold. pav
2. Calm under pain or afflidion. ’ •'*
Re patient, and I will Hay. Shehfp. Henry VI.
Gnev d, but unmov’d, and patient of your fcorn,
I cue. . . Dryden’s Theocritus.
3. Not revengeful againft injuries.
4. Not eafily provoked.
toSn i.ta arc unruly’ thS-gA’ AmUnt 1 Theftalomans v. 14.
5. Not
P A T PAT
S* Not hafty ; not vicioufly eager or impetuous.
Too induftrious to be great,
Nor patient to expect the turns of fate,
They open’d camps deform’d by civil light. Prior.
JVtient. n.f [patient, Fr.]
1. T hat which receives impreflions from external agents.
Malice is a paflion fo impetuous and precipitate, that it
often involves the agent and the patient. Gov. ofthe Tongue.
To proper patients he kind agents brings,
In various leagues binds difagreeing things. Creech.
Abbon and paflion are modes which belong to fubftances ;
when a fmith with a hammer ftrikes a piece of iron, the
hammer and the fmith are both agents or fubjects of action;
the one fupreme, and the other l'ubordinate: the iron is the
patient or the fubject of paflion, in a philofophical fenfe, becaufe it receives the operation of the agent. Watts's Logick.
2. A perfon difeafed. It is commonly ufed of the relation be¬
tween the Tick and the phyfician.
Vou deal with me like a phyfician, that feeing his patient
in a peftilent fever, fhould chide inftead of adminiftring help,
and bid him be fick no more. Sidney.
Through ignorance of the dileafe, through unreafonablenefs of the time, inltead of good he worketh hurt, and out
of one evil throweth the patient into many miferies. Spenfer.
A phyfician ufes various methods for the recovery of lick
perfons ; and though all of them are difagreeable, his patients
are never angry. Addifon.
3. It is fometimes, but rarely ufed abfolutely fora flek perfon.
Nor will the raging- fever’s lire abate
With golden canopies or beds of Hate;
But the poor patient will as foon be found
On the hard matrefs or the mother ground. Dryden.
ToPa'tient. v. a. [patienter, Fr.J To compofe one’s felfj
to behave with patience. Obfolete.
Patient yourfelf, madam, and pardon me. Shakefp.
Pa'tiently. adv. [from patient.]
1. Without rage under pain or affliction.
Lament not, Eve, but patiently refign
What juftly thou haft loft. Miltoil’s Paradife Loft.
Ned is in the gout,
Lies rack’d with pain, and you withoutj
How patiently you hear him groan !
How glad the cafe is not your own. Swift.
2. "Without vicious impetuofity.
That which they grant, we gladly accept at their hands,
and wifh that patiently they would examine how little caufe
they have to deny that which as yet they grant not. Hooker.
Could men but once be perfuaded patiently to attend to the
dictates of their own minds, religion would gain more profelytes. Calamy's Sermons.
Pa'tine. n.f [patina, Lat.] The cover of a chalice. Ainf.
Pa'tly. adv. [from pat.J Commodioufly ; fitly.
PA'TRIARCH. n.f. [patriarchs, Fr. patriarcha, Latin.]
I. One who governs by paternal right; the father and ruler of
a family.
So fpake the patriarch of mankind ; but Eve
Perfifted, yet fubmifs. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees.
Shoots rifing up, and fpreads by flow degrees,
Three centuries he grows, and three he ftays
Supreme in ftate ; and in three more decays. Dryden.
A bifhop fuperior to archbilhops.
The patriarchs for an hundred years had been of one houfe,
to the prejudice of the church, and there yet remained one
bifhop of the fame kindred. Raleigh.
Where fecular primates were heretofore given, the ecclefiaftical laws have ordered patriarchs and eccleliaftical primates
to be placed. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Patria rchal, adj. [patriarchal, Fr. from patriarch.]
1. Belonging to patriarchs ; fuch as was poflefled or ei^oyed by
patriarchs.
Such drowfy fedentary fouls have they.
Who would to patriarchal years live on.
Fix’d to hereditary clay.
And know no climate but their own. Norris.
Nimrod enjoyed this patriarchal power ; but he againft right
enlarged his empire, by feizing violently on the rights of
Other lords. Locke.
2. Belonging to hierarchical patriarchs.
Archbilhops or metropolitans in France are immediately
fubject to the pope’sjurifdiction ; and, in other places, they are
immediately fubject to the patriarchal fees Aylijfe.
P V1 Ri archate. \ n. f. [patriarchat, Fr. from patriarch.] A
Shakefp.
2a
) n. f. [pair,
a'triarchship. J biftioprick fuperior to archbilhopricks.
Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices ; as that of
the pontificate, a patriarchjhip and archbifhoprick. Aylijfe.
Patriarchy, n.f Jurifdiction of a patriarch ; patriarchate.
Calabria,pertained to the patriarch of Conftantinople, as
appeareth in the novel of Leo Sophus, touching the precedence
of metropolitans belonging'to that patriarchyA Brerewood.
PaTrician. adj. [patricien, Fr. putridus, Lat.J Senato¬
rial ; noble; not plebeian.
I fee
Th’ ihfulting tyrant prancing o’er the field.
His horfe’s hoofs wet with patrician blood !
Patri'cian. n.f A nobleman.
Noble patricians, patrons of my right,
Defend the juftice of my caufe with arms.
You’ll find Gracchus, from patrician grown
A fencer and the fcandal of the town. Drydeh.
Your daughters are all married to wealthy patricians. Swift,
Patrimonial, adj. [patrimonial, Fr. from patrimony.] Poffefted by inheritance.
The expence of the duke of Ormond’s own great patri¬
monial eftate, that came over at that time, is of no fmall
confideration in the ftock of this kingdom. Temple.
Their patrimonial floth the Spaniards keep,
And Philip firft taught Philip how to fleep. Dryden.
PA'TRIMOnY. n. f [patrimonium, Latin ; patrimoine, Fr.J
An eftate poflefled by inheritance.
Inclofures they would not forbid, for that had been to forbid
the improvement of the patrimony of the kingdom. Bacon.
So might the heir, whofe father hath, in play,
Wafted a thoufand pounds of ancient rent.
By painful earning of one groat a day,
Hope to reftore the patrimony fpent. Davies.
In me all
Pofterity ftands curs’d ! hitpatrimony
That I muft leave ye, Tons. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
For his redemption, all my patrimony
I am ready to forego and quit. Milton’s Agonijles.
Their (hips like wafted patrimonies fhew ;
Where the thin fcatt’ring trees admitthe light.
And fhun each other’s fhadows as they grow. Dryden.
The fhepherd laft appears.
And with him all his patrimony bears ;
His houfe and houlhold gods, his trade of war.
His bow and quiver, and his trufty cur. Dryden.
PA'TRIOT. n.f One Whofe ruling paflion is the love of
his country.
Patriots who for facred freedom flood. Tickel.
The firm patriot there.
Who made the welfare of mankind his care.
Shall know he conquer’d. Addifon’s Cato.
Here tears fhall flow from a more gen’rous caufe.
Such tears as patriots fhed for dying laws. Pope..
Patriotism, n.f. [from patriot.] Love of one’s country;
zeal for one’s country.
To Patro'cinate. v. a. [patrocinor, Latin ; patrociner, old
French.] To patronife; to protect; to defend. Did,
Patrol, n.f. [pairouille, patouille, old French.]
1. The act of going the rounds in a garrifon to obferve that
orders are kept.
2. Thofe that go the rounds.
O thou ! by whofe almighty nod the fcale
Of empire rife«, or alternate falls.
Send forth the faving virtues round the land
In brightpatrol. Thomfon’s Summer.
ToPa'trol. v. n. £patrouiller, Fr.] To go the rounds in a
camp or garifon.
Thefe out guards of the mind are fent abroad
And fi\W patrolling beat the neighb’ring road.
Or to the parts remote obedient fly.
Keep polls advanc’d, and on the frontier lie. Blackmon*
PA'TRON. n.f. [patron, Fr. patronus, Latin.]
1. One who countenances, fupports or protects. Commonly a
wretch who fupports with infolence, and is paid with flattery.
I’ll plead for you, as for my patron. Shakefp.
Ne’er let me pafs in filence Dorfet’s name ;
Ne’er ceafe to mention the continu’d debt.
Which the great patron only would forget. Prior.
.2* A guardian faint.
Thou among!! thofe faints, whom thou do’ll fee,
Shall be a faint, and thine own nation’s friend
Andpatron. Fairy Ahieen, b. i
St. Michael is mentioned as the patron of the Jews, and is
now taken by the Chriftians, as the protector general of our
religion. Dryden.
3. Advocate5 defender; vindicator.
We are no patrons of thofe things ; the bell defence where¬
of is fpeedy redrefs and amendment. Hooker, b. ii,fi.
Whether the minds of men have naturally imprinted on
them the ideas of extenfion and number, I leave to thofe who
are the patron; of innate principles. Locke.
4. One who has donation of eccleliaftical preferment.
Patronage. n.f. [frompatron.]
I. Support; protection.
Lady, rnoft worthy of all duty, how falls it out, that you,
in whom all virtue Ihines, will take the patronage of fortune,
the only rebellious handmaid againft virtue. Sidney.
Here’s patronage, and here cur art delcries.
What breaks its bonds, what draws the cloier ties,
Shows what rewards our fervices may gain,
And how too often wc may court in vain. Creech,
to 2. Guardianlhip
I
PAT
2. Guardianlhip of faints.
t rom certain paflages of the poets, feveral ihips made
choice of fome god or other for their guardians, as among
the Roman Catholicks every veflel is recommended to the
patronage of fome particular faint. AddiJ'on.
3. Donation of a benefice; right of conferring a benefice.
To Pa'tronage. v. a. [from the noun.] To patronife ; to
prote£l. A bad word.
Dar’ft thou maintain the former words thou fpak’ft ?
Yes, fir, as well as you dare patronage
The envious barking of your laucy tongue. Shakefp.
An out-law in a caftle keeps.
And ufes it to patronage his theft. Shakefp.
Patro'nal. adj. [frompaironus, Lat.] Prote£ling; fupporting ; guarding ; defending ; doing the office of a patron.
The name of the city being difeovered unto their enemies,
their penates and patronal gods might be called forth by
charms. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PaTroness. n.f. [feminine of patron ; patrona, Lat.]
1. A female that defends, countenances or fupports.
Of clofe efcapes the aged patronefs,
Blacker than earft, her fable mantle fpred.
When with two trufty maids in great diftrefs.
Both from mine uncle and my realm I fled. Fairfax.
All things fhould be guided by her diredtion, as the fovereign patronefs and proteclrefs of the enterprife. Bacon.
Befriend me night, belt patronefs of grief.
Over the pole thy thickeft mantle throw. Milton.
He petitioned his patronefs who gave him for anfwer, that
providence had affigned every bird its proportion. L'EJlrange.
It was taken into the protection of my patronejfes at court.
Swift.
2. A female guardian faint.
To Pa'tronise. v. a. [from patron.'] To protect; to fupport; to defend ; to countenance.
Churchmen are to be had in due refpeCt for their work
fake, and protected from fcorn ; but if a clergyman be loofe
and fcandalous, he muft not be patronifed nor winked at. Bac.
All tendernefs of confcience againlt good laws, is hypocrify,
and patronifed by none but men of defign, who look upon it
as the fittell: engine to get into power. South's Sermons.
I have been efteemed and pationifed by the grandfather,
the father and the fon. Dryden.
Patrony'micK. n.f [7rocr(>ovvfMxo<;, patronymique, Fr.] Name
expreffing the name of the father or anceftor : as, Tydides,
the fon of Tydeus.
It ought to be rendered the fon, TeCtonides being a
patronymick. Broome.
Pa'tten of a pillar, n.f. Its bafe. Ainfworth.
Pattenmaker. n.f. [patten and maker.] He that makes
pattens.
Pa'tten. n.f [patin, Fr.] A fhoe of wood with an iron
ring, worn under the common fhoe by women to keep them
from the dirt.
Their fhoes and pattens are fnouted and piked more than a
finger long, crooking upwards, which they call crackowes.
Which were faftened to the knees with chains of gold and
filver. Camden's Remains.
Good houfewives
Underneath th’ umbrella’s oily fhed,
Safe through the wet on clinking pattens tread. Gay.
To Pa'tter. v. n. [from patte, Fr. the foot.] To make a
noife like the quick fteps of many feet.
Patt'ring hail comes pouring on the main.
When Jupiter defeends in harden’d rain. Dryden.
The healing fhower is fcarce to patter heard
By fuch as wander through the foreft walks. Thomfon.
Pa'ttern. n.f. [patron,Fr. patroon, Dutch.]
I. The original propofed to imitation j the archetype; that
which is to be copied ; an exemplar.
As though your defire were, that the churches of old fhould
be patterns for us to follow, and even glades wherein we
might fee the practice of that which by you is gathered out of
feripture. Hooker.
I will be the pattern of all patience ;
I will fay nothing. Shakefp. King Lear.
A pattern to all princes living with her.
And all that fhall fucceed. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The example and pattern of the church of Rome. Clarcn.
Lofe not the honour you have early won,
But Hand the blamelelspattern of a fon. Dryden.
Meafure the excellency of a virtuous mind; not as it is
the copy, but the pattern of regal power. Grew.
This pattern fhould be our guide, in our prefent ftate of
pilgrimage. Atterbury's Sermons.
Chriftianity commands us to a<St after a nobler pattern,
than the virtues even of the moft perfeCt men. Rogeis.
Take pattern by our filter liar,
Delude at once and blefs our fight;
When you are feen, be feen from far,
And chiefly chufe to fhine by night. Swift.
P A U
2. A fpecimen ; a part fhown as a fample of the reft.
A gentleman lends to my fhop for a pattern of fluff; if he
like it, he compares the pattern with the whole piece, and
probably we bargain. Swift.
3. An inftance ; an example.
What God did command touching Canaan, the fame conccrneth not us otherwife than only as a fearful pattern of his
juft difpleafure againft finful nations. Hooker, b. v. f. 17.
4. Any thing cut out in paper to dirc£t the cutting of cloth.
To Pa'ttern. v. a. [patronner, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To make in imitation of fomething; to copy.
Ay, fuch a place there is, where we did hunt,
Pattern'd by that the poet here deferibes. Shakefp.
2. To ferve as an example to be followed. Neither fenfe is
now much in ufe.
When I that cenfure him do fo offend,
Let mine own judgment pattern out my death.
And nothing come in partial. Shakefp.
Pa'vin^* \ / A kind °f tripping dance. Ainf.
Pau'ciloquy. n. f. [pauciloquium, Lat.] Sparing and rare
fpeech. Diff.
Pai/city. [paucitas, frompaucus, Latin.]
1. Fewnefs; fmallnefs of number.
The multitude of parifhes, and paucity of fchools. Hooker.
In fuch flender corpufcles as thofe of colour, may eafily be
conceived a greater paucity of protuberant corpufcles. Boyle.
Socrates well underftood what he faid touching the rarity
and paucity of friends. L'EJlrange.
2. Smallnefs of quantity,
This paucity of blood is agreeable to many other animals :
as, lizzards, frogs and other fifties. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
To PAVE. v. a. [pavio, Lat. paver, Fr.]
1. To lay with brick or ftone ; to floor with ftone.
Should fhe kneel down,
Her brother’s ghoft his paved bed would break,
And take her hence in horrour. Shakefp.
Let not the court be paved, for that ftriketh up a great heat
in fummer, and much cold in winter. Bacon.
From this chymic flame
I fee a city of more precious mold,
With filver pav'd, and all divine with gold. Dryden.
The ftreets are paved with brick or freeftone. Addifon.
2. To make a paffage eafy.
It might open andpave a prepared way to his own title. Bac.
Pa'vement. n.f [pavimentum, Lat.] Stones or bricks laid
on the ground ; ftone floor.
The marble pavement clofes, he is enter’d
Into his radiant roof. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
A broad and ample road, whofe duft is gold.
And pavement ftars feen in the galaxy. Adilton.
The long laborious pavement here he treads,
That to proud Rome th’ admiring nations leads. Addifon.
The foundation of Roman ways was made of rough ftone
joined together with cement; upon this was laid another layer,
confiding of fmall ftones and cement, to plane the inequali¬
ties of the lower ftratum in which the ftones of the upper
pavement were fixed : for there can be no very durable pave¬
ment, but a double one. Arbuthnoi on Coins,
Pa'vier I n,f’ [fc°mpave-~\ One who lays with ftones.
For thee the fturdy paver thumps the ground,
Whilft ev’ry ftroke his lab’ring lungs refound. Gay.
Pavi'lion. n.f. [pavilion, French.] A tent; a temporary or
moveable houfe.
Flowers being under the trees, the trees were to them a
pavillion, and the flowers to the trees a mofaicai floor. Sidney.
She did lie
In her pavilion, cloth of gold, of tiffue. Shakefp.
He, only he, heaven’s blew pavilion fpreads,
And on the ocean’s dancing billows treads. Sandy.
It was ufual for the enemy, when there was a king in the
field, to demand by a trumpet in what part of the camp he
refided, that they might avoid firing upon the royal pavilion.
Addifon's Freeholder, N0 23.
The glowing fury fprings,
Once more invades the guilty dome, and fhrouds
Its bright pavilions in a veil of clouds. Pope.
To Pavi'lion. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To furnilh with tents.
Jacob in Mahanaim faw
The field pavilion'd with his guardians bright. Milton.
2. To be fheltered by a tent.
With his batt’ning flocks the careful fwain
Abides pavilion'd on the grafl’y plain.
Paunch, n.f [panfe, French ; panpa, Spanifh; pantex, Latin.]
The belly ; the region of the guts.
Demades, the orator, was talkative, and woulib eat hard ;
Antipater would fay of him, that he was like a facrifice, that
nothing was left of it but the tongue and the paunch. Bacon.
*9 H Pleading
PAW PAY
pleading Matho born abroad for air,
With his fat pauncb fills his new-fafhion’d chair. Dryden.
To Paunch: v. a. [from the noun.] To pierce or rip the
belly3 to exenterate3 to take out the paunch 3 to evifcerate.
With a log
Batter his fkull, or pauncb him with a flake. Sbakefp.
Chiron attack’d Talthibius with fuch might.
One pals had paunch'd the huge hydropick knight. Garth.
Pauper, n. f. [Latin.] A poor perfonj one who receives
alms.
Pause, n.f. [paufe, Fr. paufa, low Latin; zxdvu.J
l.A flop 3 a place or time of intermiffion.
Neither could we ever come to any paufe, whereon to reft
our aflurance this way. Hooker, b. ii. ft 4.
Comes a fellow crying out for help.
And Caffio following with determin’d fword,
To execute upon him 3 this gentleman
Steps in to Caffio, and intreats his paufe. Sbakefp.
Some paufe and refpite only I require.
Till with my tears I {hall have quench’d my fire. Denham.
The punilhment muft always be rigoroufly exacted, and
the blows by paufes laid on till they reach the mind, and you
perceive the figns of a true forrow. Locke.
Whilft thole exalted to primeval light.
Only perceive fome little paufe of joys
In thofe great moments, when their god employs
Their miniftry. Prior.
What paufe from woe, what hopes of comfort bring
The names of wife or great. Prior.
Our difcourfe is not kept up in converfation, but falls into
more paufes and intervals than in our neighbouring countries.
Addifon's Spectator, N° 133.
2. Sufpenfe5 doubt.
Like a man to double bufinefs bound,
I ftand in paufe where I {hall firft begin,
And both negledf. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
3. Break; paragraph3 apparent feparation of the parts of a
difcourfe.
He writes with warmth, which ufually negledls method,
and thofe partitions and paufes which men, educated in the
fchools, obferve. Locke.
4. Place of fufpending the voice marked in writing.
5. A flop or intermiffion in mufick.
To PAUSE, v. n.
1. To wait 3 to flop; not to proceed 3 to forbear for a time.
Tarry 5 paufe a day or two,
Before you hazard : for in chufing wrong
I lofe your company 3 therefore forbear a while. Sbakefp.
Give me leave to read philofophy.
And, while I paufe, ferve in your harmony: Sbakefp.
Paufng a while, thus to herfelf {he mus’d. Milton.
2. To deliberate.
Bear Worcefter to death, and Vernon too.
Other offenders we will paufe upon. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
Solyman paufng a little upon the matter, the heat of his
fury being over, fuffered himfelf to be intreated. Knolles.
3. To be intermitted.
What awe did the flow folemn knell infpire.
The pealing organ, and the paufng choir.
And the laft words, that dull to duft convey’d ! Tickell.
Pauser. n.f. [from paufe.~\ He who paufes 3 he who delibe¬
rates.
The expedition of my violent love
Outruns the paufer, reafon. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
PAW. n. f. £paiven, Welfti.]
1. The foot of abeaftof prey. 1
One chofe his ground,
Whence ruffling he might fureft feize them both
Grip’d in each paw. Milton's Paradife Lof.
The bee and lerpent know their flings, and the bear the
ufe of his paws. More's Antidote againf Atheifm.
If lions had been brought up to painting, where you have
one lion under the feet of a man, you flhould have had twenty
men under the paw of a lion. L' EJirange.
Each claims pofleffion.
Both their paws are fattened on the prey. Dryden,
2. Hand. In contempt.
Be civil to the wretch imploring.
And lay your paws upon him without roaring. Dryden.
To Paw. v. n. [from the noun.] To draw the fore foot along
the ground.
The fiery courfer, when he hears from far,
The fprightly trumpets and the Ihouts of war,
Pricks up his ears, and trembling with delight
Shifts place, and paws, and hopes the promis’d fight.
q-L. • . Dryden.
in impatient courfer pants in every vein.
And pawing, feems to beat the diftant plain,
Hdls, vales, and floods appear already crofs’d,
And ere he ftarts, a thoufand fteps are loft. Pope.
. .h?rfe> Pwing with his hoof, ftruck a hole
in my handkerchief. gw-y(
To Paw. v. a.
i. To ftrike with a draught of the fore foot;
His hot courfer paw'd th’ Hungarian plain.
And adverfe legions flood the {hock in vain. Tickell.
2. T o handle roughly.
pawx?Wn 5 t0 flatten -dinfworth.
rAVVIM. n. ft [pand, Dutch 3 pan, French.] Something given
to pledge as a i'ecurity for money borrowed or promife made.
Her oath for love, her honour’s pawn. Sbakefp.
As for mortgaging and pawning, men will not take pawns
without ufe 3 or they will look for the forfeiture. Bacon.
He retains much of his primitive efteem, that abroad his
very word will countervail the bond or pawn of another. Plowel.
Here s the very heart, and foul, and life-blood of Go¬
mez 5 pawns in abundance, ’till the next bribe helps their
hufbands to redeem them. Dryden's Spanijb Fryar.
2. The ftate of being pledged.
Sweet wife, my honour is at pawn,
And, but my going, nothing can redeem it. Sbakefp.
Redeem from broking pawn the blemilh’d crown,
Wipe off' the duft that hides our fceptre’s gilt. Sbakefp.
3. A common man at chefs. Ainjwovth.
Pa'wed. ad/, [from paw.]
1. Having paws.
2. Broad footed.
fo Pawn. v. a. [from the noun.] To pledge 3
Ainfu ortb.
to give in
It is now feldom ufed but ©{ pledges given for
TValler.
Dryden.
pledge,
money
I hold it cowardife
To reft miftruftful, where a noble heart
Hath pawn'd an open hand in fign of love. Sbakefp,
Let’s lead him on with a fine baited delay, ’till he hath
paivn d his horfes. Shakefpeare's Alerry IVives of JVindfor.
Pawn me to this your honour, {fie is his. Sbakefp.
I dare pawn down my life for him, that he hath writ this’
to feel my affe&ion to your honour. Shakefpeare.
Will you thus break your faith ?-.
I pawn'd you none :
I promis’d you redrefs. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
I’ll pawn the little blood which I have left.
To fave the innocent. Sbakefp. JVinter’s Tak.
If any thought annoys the gallant youth,
’Tis dear remembrance of that fatal glance.
For which he lately pawn'd his heart.
She who before had mortgag’d her eftate,
And pawn'd the laft remaining piece of plate. yucftm
One part of the nation is pawned to the other, with hardly
a poffibility of being ever redeemed. Swift
Pawnbroker, n. f [pawn and broker.] One who lends
money upon pledge.
The ufurers or money-changers were a fort of a fcandalous employment at Rome 3 thofe money-fcriveners feem to
have been little better than our paivnbrokers. Arbuthnnt
To PAY. v. a. [paier, Fr. apagar, Spaniffi 3 pacare, Lat.]
1. To difcharge a debt.
You have done enough, and have perform’d
A faint-like forrow; and indeed paid down
More penitence, than done trepafs. Sbakefp.
Your fon has paid a foldier’s debt 3
He only liv’d but till he was a man. Sbakefp
She does what {he will, fay what {he will, take all, pay
Sbakefp. Merry Wives of JVindJore
The king and prince
Then paid their offerings in a facred grove
To Hercules. Dryden.
An hundred talents of filver did the children of Ammon
Pay- 2 Chronicles xxvii. 5.
I have peace offerings with me 3 this day have I paid mv
VT‘ • JT Proverbs vii. ,4.
Have patience, and I will pay thee all. Matthew viii. 26.
1 he wicked borroweth, and payetb not again. Pft xxxvii 21
2. To difmifs one to whom anything is due°with his money
3. To attone 3 to make amends by Suffering; with for before the
caule of payment. J
If this prove true, they’ll pay for't. Sbakefp.
Isold rrometheus, whofe untam’d defire
Rival’d the fun with his own heav’nly fire.
Now doom’d the Scythian vulture’s endlefs’prey,
SevereJy paysfor animating clay. Rofcmmon.
Men ol parts, who were to act according to theVefult of
their debates, and often pay for their miffakes with their
heads, found thofe fcholaftick forms of little ufe to difcover
Locke.
thought, [even of the
Sbakefp. Henry IV.
truth.
. To beat.
I follow’d me clofe, and, with a
eleven I paid.
Forty things more.
For which, or pay me quickly, or I’ll pay you. B. ftohnft
, To reward ; to recompense.
She I love, or laughs at all my pain,
Or knows her worth too well 3 and pays me with difdain.
Dryden's Knight's Tale.
6.To give
PEA
6.To give the equivalent for any thing bought.
Riches are got by confuming lefs of foreign commodities,
than what by commodities or labour is paid for. Locke.
Pay. n.f. [from the verb.] Wages; hire; money given in
return for fervice.
Come on, brave foldiers, doubt not of the day ;
And, that once gotten, doubt not of large pay. 'shakefp.
The foldier is willing to be converted, for there is neither
pay nor plunder to be got. L’Ejhange.
Money, inftead of coming over for the pay of the army,
has been tranfmitted thither for the pay of thole forces called
from thence. Temple.
Here only merit conftant pay receives,
Is bleft in what it takes, and what it gives. Pope.
Pa'yable. adj. [paiable, Fr. from pay.]
1. Due ; to be paid.
1 he marriage-money, the princefs brought, was payable
ten days after the folemnization. Bacon’s Henry VII.
T he farmer rates or compounds the fums of money payable
to her majefty, for the alienation of lands, made without or
bv licence. Bacon.
2. Such as there is power to pay.
To repay by a return equivalent, is not in every one’s
power; butthanks are a tribute payable by the pooreft. South.
Pa'yday. n.f. [pay and day.] Day on which debts are to be
difeharged or wages paid.
Labourers pay away all their wages, and live upon truft
till nextpayday. Zar/v.
Pa'yer. n.f. [paieur, Fr. from pay.] One that pays.
Paymaster, n.f. [pay and majler.] One who is to pay;
one from whom wages or reward is received.
Howfoever they may bear fail for a time, yet are they fo
fure paymajlers in the end, that few have held out their lives
fafely. Hayward.
If we defire that God fhould approve us, it is a fign we do
his work, and expeft him our paymajler. Taylor.
Pa’yment. n.f. [from pay.]
1. The aft of paying.
2. The difeharge of debtor promile.
Thy hufband commits his body
To painful labour both by fea and land.
And craves no other tribute at thy hands
But love, fair looks, and true obedience;
Too little payment for fo great a debt. Shakefp.
Perfons of eminent virtue, when advanced, are lefs envied,
for their fortune feemeth but due unto them; and no man
envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon.
3. A reward.
Give her an hundred marks.
—An hundred marks ! by this light I’ll ha’ more.
An ordinary groom is for fuchpayment. Shakefp.
The wages that fin bargains with the linner, are life, pleafure and profit; but the wages it pays him with, are death,
torment and deftruftion : he that would underfland the falfehood and deceit of fin thoroughly, muft compare its promifes
and its payments together. South’s Sermons.
4. Chaftifement; found beating. Ainfworth.
To Payse. v. n. [Ufed by Spenfer for polfe.] To balance.
Ne was it ifland then, ne was it pays’d
Amid the ocean waves.
But was all defolate. Fairy Queen.
Pa'yser. n.f. [forpofer.] One that weighs.
To mange this coinage, porters bear the tin, poizers weigh
it, a Reward,comptroller and receiver keep the account. Carew.
Pea. n.f. [pifum, Latin ; piya, Saxon ; pois, French.]
A pea hath a papilionaceous flower, and out of his empalement rifes the pointal, which becomes a long pod full of
roundifh feeds; the ftalks are fiftulous and weak, and feem
to perforate the leaves by which they are embraced ; the other
leaves grow by pairs along the midrib, ending in a tendril.
I.The fpecies are fixteen: the greater garden pea, with
white flowers and fruit. 2. Hotfpur pea. 3. Dwarf pea.
4. French dwarf pea. 5. Pea with an efculent hulk. 6.
Sickle pea. y. Common white pea. 8. Green rouncival
pea. 9. Grey pea. 10. Maple rouncival pea. n. Rofe
pea. 12. Spanifh moretto pea. 13. Marrowfat or Dutch
admiral pea. 14. Union pea. 15. Sea pea. 16. Pig
Pea- . Miller.
PEACE, n.f. [paix, French ; pax, Latin.]
1. Rcfpite from war.
The Dane and Swede rouz’d up to fierce alarms,
Blefs the wife conduft of her pious arms ;
Soon as her fleets appear, their terrours ceafe.
And all the northern world lies hufh’d in peace. Addifon.
No jdys to him pacifick feepters yield,
War founds the trump, he rufhes to the fie.t,
Peace courts his hand, but fpreads her charmsin vain, i.non.
2. Quiet from fuits or difturbances.
The king gave judgment againft Warren, and commanded
that Sherborn fhould hold his land in peace. Davies,
3. Reft from any commotion.
4. Stilnefs from riots or tumults.
Keeppeaceupon your lives; he dies that ftrikes again. Sha.
PEA
All afiembled here in arms againft God’s peace and thfi
king’s, we charge you to repair to your dwelling places. Shak.
Shallow, you have yourlelf been a great fighter, though
now a man of peace. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windjor.
5. Reconciliation of differences.
Let him make peace with me. Ifaiah xxvii. 5.
6. A Rate not hoftile.
If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with
me, let the enemy perfecute my foul. Pfa/m vii. 4.
There be two falfe peaces or unities: the one grounded
upon an implicit ignorance. Bacon.
7. Reft; quiet; content; freedom from terrour ; heavenly reft.
Well, peace be with him that hath made us heavy !
Peace be with us, left we be heavier ! ShakeJpeare.
Peace be unto thee, fear not, thou fhaltnotdie. fudg.vi. 23.
The God of hope fill you v/ith all joy and peace in believ¬
ing-, that ye may abound in hope. Romans xv. 13.
Religion direfts us rather to fecure inward peace than out¬
ward eafe, to be more careful to avoid everlafting torment
than light affliftions. Tillotfon’s Sermons.
8. Silence; fuppreflion of the thoughts.
’Twill out;—I peace !
No, I will fpeak as liberal as the air. Shakefpeare.
In an examination, a freed fervant, who had much
power with Claudius, very faucily had almoft all the words ;
and amongft other things, he afked in (corn one of the examinates, who was a freed fervant of Scribonianus ; I pray.
Sir, if Scribonianus had been emperor, what would you have
done ? he anfwered, I would have flood behind his chair and
held my peace. £acon\
She faid ; and held her peace : TEneas went
Sad from the cave. Dryden.
Peace, interjection. A word commanding hlence.
Peace ! fear, thou comeft too late, when already the arm
is taken. Sidney, b. ii.
Hark! peace!
It was the owl that fhriek’d, the fatal bellman,
Which gives the ftern’ft good night. Shakefp.
Peace, good reader do not weep ;
Peace, the lovers are afleep ;
They, fweet turtles, folded lie,
In the laft knot that love could tie.
Let them fleep, let'them fleep on,
’Till this ftormy night be gone ;
And th’ eternal morrow dawn,
Then the curtains will be drawn.
And they waken with that light,
Whofe day fhall never fleep in night. Crafiaw.
But peace, I muft not quarrel with the will
Of higheft difpenfation. Milton’s Agonijles.
Silence, ye troubled waves, and, thou deep, peace!
Said then th’ omnific word. Milton
I prythee peace !
^Perhaps fhe thinks they are too near of blood. Dryden.
Pea'ce-offering. n.f. [peace and offer.] Among the Jews,"
a facrifice or gift offered to God for attonemem and recon¬
ciliation for a crime or offence.
A facrifice ofpeace-offering offer without blenlifh. Lev. iii. r.
Pea'ceable. adj. [from peace.]
1. Free from war; free from tumult.
The moft peaceable way for you, if you do take a thief, is
to let him fhew himfelf, and fteal out of your company. Shak.
Fhe reformation of England was introduced in a peaceable
manner, by the fupreme power in parliament. Swift
2. Quiet; undifturbed. •'
The laws werefirft intended for the reformation of abufes
and peaceable continuance of the fubjeft. Spenfer
Lie, Philo; untouch’d on my peaceable fhelf,
Nor take it amifs, that fo little I heed thee ;
I’ve no envy to thee, and fome love to myfelf,
Then why fhould I anfwer; fince firft I muft read’thee; PH.
3. Not violent; not bloody.
The Chaldeans' flattered both Cefar and Pompey with
long lives and a happy and peaceable death ; both which fell out
extremely contrary. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
4. Not quarrelfome ; not turbulent.
Thefe men are peaceable, therefore let them dwell in the
land and trade. Genefis xxxiv. 21.
Pea'ceableness. n. f. [from peaceable.] Quietnefs; difpofition to peace.
Plant in us all thofe precious fruits of piety, juftice, and
charity, and peaceablenefs, and bowels of mercy toward all
D ot,hers‘ j Hammond’s 'Fundamentals.
1jea CEABLY. adv. [from peaceable.]
1. Without war ; without tumult.
To his crown, fhe him reftor’d,
n which he dy’d, made ripe for death by eld
And after will’d it fhould to her remain *
Who PMC,My the fame long time did weld. Fa.
1 he balance of power was provided for, elfe Piflftratus
aVe Sov crned to peateably, without changing any
w ’ Swift,
2. Without
PEA PEA
Sbakefp.
l. Without difturbance.
The pangs of death do make him grin ;
Difturb him not, let him pafs peaceably.
Pea'cefuL. adj. [peace and full.]
1. Quiet; not in war.
That rouz’d the Tyrrhene realm with loud alarms,
And peaceful Italy involv’d in arms. Dryden.
2. Pacifick ; mild.
As one difarm’d, his anger all he loft;
And thus with peaceful words uprais d her foon. Milton.
The peaceful power that governs love repairs,
To feaft upon foft vows and filent pray’rs. Dryden.
3. Undifturbed ; ftill; fecure.
Succeeding monarchs heard the fubjedls cries.
Nor faw difpleas’d the peaceful cottage rife. Pope.
Peacefully, adv. [from peaceful.]
1. Quietly; without difturbance.
Our lov’d earth ; where peacefully we flept,
And far from heav’n quiet pofleflion kept. Dryden.
2. Mildly; gently.
Pea'cefulness. n.f [frompeaceful.] Quiet; freedom from
difturbance.
Pe a'cemaker, n.f. [peace and maker.] One who reconciles
differences.
Peace, good queen;
And whet not on thefe too too furious peers,
For blefled are the peacemakers. Sbakefp.
Think us,
Thofe we profefs, peacemakers, friends and fervants. Shak.
PeAcepa'rted. adj. [peace and parted.] Difmifted from the
world in peace.
We fhould prophane the fervice of the dead
To fing a requiem, and fuch reft to her
As X.o peaceparted fouls Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Peach, n.f. [pefche,Yx. malum perficum, Lat.]
A peach hath long narrow leaves ; the flower confifts of feveral leaves, which are placed in a circular order, and expand
in form of a rofe; the pointal, which rifes from the center
of the flower cup, becomes a roundifh flefhy fruit, having a
longitudinal furrow inclofing a rough rugged ftone. Miller.
September is drawn with a chearful countenance : in his
left hand a handful of millet, withal carrying a cornucopia of
ripe peaches, pears and pomegranates. Peacbam.
The funny wall,
Prefents the downy peach. 'Thomfon’s Autumn.
To Peach, v. n. [Corrupted from impeach.] To accufe of
fome crime.
If you talk of peaching, I’ll peach firft, and fee whofe oath
will be believed ; I’ll trounce you. Dryden
Peach-coloured, adj. [peach and colour.] Of a colour like
a peach.
One Mr. Caper comes, at the fuit of Mr. Threepile the
mercer, for fome fourfuitsofpeach-coloured fattin, which now
peaches him a beggar. Sbakefp. Meafure for Meaj'ure.
Pea'chick. n. f. [pea and chick.] The chicken of a peacock.
Does the fniveling peachick think to make a cuckold of
me. Southern.
Pea'cock. n.f. [papa, Saxon, pavo, Lat.] Of this word the
etymology is not known : perhaps it is peak cock, from the
tuft of feathers on its head ; the peak of women being an
ancient ornament: if it be not rather a corruption of btaucoq,
Fr. from the more ftriking luftre of its fpangled train.] A
fowl eminent for the beauty of his feathers, and particularly
of his tail.
Let frantick Talbot triumph for a while ;
And, like a peacock, fweep along his tail. Sbakefp.
The birds that are hardeft to be drawn, are the tame
birds ; as cock, turky-cock and peacock. Peacham.
IShe peacock, not at thy command, aflumes
His glorious train ; nor eftrich her rare plumes. Sandys.
The peacock's plumes thy tackle muft not fail,
Nor the dear purchafe of the fable’s tail. Gay.
Pea'hen. n.f. [pea and hen ; pava, Lat.] The female of the
peacock.
Peak. n.f. [peac, Saxon; pique, pic, French.]
1. The top of a hill or eminence.
Thy After feek,
Or on Meander’s bank or Latmus’ peak. Prior.
2. Any thing acuminated.
3. The riflng forepart of a head-drefs.
To Peak. v.n. [pequeno, Spanifh, little, perhaps lean: but I
believe ‘ this word has fome other derivation : we lay a wi¬
thered man has a fharp face; Falftaff dying, is faid to have
anofe asJharp as a pen', from this obfervation, a lickly man
is faid to peak or grow acuminated.
1. To look fickly.
Weary fe’nnights, nine times nine,
Shall he dwindle, peak and pine. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
2. To make a mean figure ; to fneak.
I, a dull and muddy mettled rafcal, peak,
Like John a dreams, unpregnant of my caufe, Sbakefp.
The peaking cornuto her hufband, dwelling in a continual
larum of jealoufy, comes me in the inftant of our en¬
counter. Sbakefp.
Peal. n. f. [Perhaps from pcllo, pellere tympana.]
1. A lucceflion of loud founds: as, of bells, thunder, can¬
non, loud inftruments.
They were faluted by the way, with a fair peal of artillery
from the tower. Hayward.
The breach of faith cannot be fo highly exprefled, as in
that it (hall be the laft peal to call the judgments of God upon
men. Bacon’s Ejjays.
Woods of oranges will fmell into the fea perhaps twenty
miles ; but what is that, fince a peal of ordnance will do as
much, which moveth in a fmall compafs ? Bacon.
A pealftiall roufe their fleep ;
Then all thy faints aflembled, thou (haltjudge
Bad men and angels. Milt. Par. Reg.
I myfelf,
Vanquifh’d with a peal of words, O weaknefs ;
Gave up my fort of filence to a woman. Milton.
From the Moors camp the noife grows louder ftill;
Peals of fhouts that rend the heav’n’s, Dryden.
Oh ! for a peal of thunder that would make
Earth, fea and air, and heaven and Cato tremble! Addif
2. Itis once uled hySbakejpearefor alow dull noife, butimproperly.
Ere to black Hecat’s fummons
The fliard-born beetle with his drowfy hums.
Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there ftiall be done
A deed of dreadfulnote. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
To Peal. v. n. [from the noun.] To play folemnly and loud.
Let the pealing organ blow.
To the full-voic’d quire below.
In fervice high and anthems dear.
As may with fweetnefs through mine ear,
Diflolve me into extafies,
And bring all heav’n before my eyes. Milton.
The pealing organ, and the paufing choir;
And the laft words, that dull to dull convey’d. Tickell.
To Peal. v. a.
1. To alla.il with noife.
Nor was his ear lefs peal’d
With noifes loud and ruinous, than wdien Bellona ftorms.
With all her batt’ring engines bent to rafe
Some capital city. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
2. To ftir with fome agitation : as, to peal the pot, is when tt
boils to ftir the -liquor therein with a ladle. Ainf.
Pear. n.f. [poire, French ; pyrum, Latin.]
The flower confifts of feveral leaves, placed in a circular
order, and expand in form of a rofe, whofe flower cup be¬
comes a flelhy fruit, which is more produced toward the footftalk than the apple, but is hollowed like a navel at the ex¬
treme part; the cells, in which the feeds are lodged, are feparated by foft membranes, and the feeds are oblong. The
fpecies are eighty-four: 1. Little mulk pear, commonly
called the fupreme. 2. The Chiopear, commonly called the
little baftard mufk pear. 3. The hailing pear, commonly
called the green chiflel. 4. The red mufcadelle, it is alfo
called the faireft. 5. The little mufeat. 6. The jargonelle.
7. The 'W\v\<kfox pear. 8. The orange mufk. 9. Great blanket.
10. The little blanket pear. 11. Long ftalked blanketpear.
12. The Ikinlefs pear. 1 3. The mufk robin pear. 14. The
mulk drone pear. 15. The green orange pear. 16. Caflolette. 17. The Magdalene pear. 18. The great onion
pear. 19. The Auguft mufeat. 20. The rofe pear. 21.
The perfumed pear. 22. The fummer bon chretien, or good
chriftian. 23. Salviati. 24. Rofe water pear. 25. The
choaky pear. 26. The ruflelet pear. 27. The prince’s
pear. 28. The great mouth water pear. 29. Summer burgamot. 30. The Autumn burgamot. 31. The Swifs burgamot. 32. The red butter pear. 33. The dean’s pear.
34. The long green pear; it is called the Autumn month
water pear. 35. The white and grey monfieur John. 36.
The flowered mufeat. 37. The vine pear. 38. Roufleline
pear. 39. The knave’s pear. 40. The green fugar pear.
41. The marquis’s pear. 42. The burnt cat; it is alfo called
the virgin of Xantonee. 43. Le Befidery; it is fo called
from Heri, which is a foreft in Bretagne between Bennes and
Nantes, where this pear was found. 44. The crafane, or
burgamot crafane ; it is alfo called the flat butter pear. 45.
The lanfac, or dauphin pear. 46. The dry martin. 47.
The villain of Anjou ; it is alfo called the tulip pear and the
great orange. 48. The large ftalked pear. 49. The Amadot pear. 50. Little lard pear. 51. The good Lewis pear.
52. The colmar pear; it is alfo called the manna pear and
the late burgamot. 53. The winter long green pear, or the
landry wilding. 54. Lavirgoule, or la virgoleufe, 55. Poire
d’Ambrette; this is fo called from its mufky flavour, w’hich
relembles the fmell of the fweet fulta-n flower, which is called
Ambrette in France. 56. The winter thorn pear. 57. The
St. Germain pear, or the unknown of la Fare ; it being firft
difeovered upon the banks of a river called by that name in
the parifh of St. Germain. 58. The St. Auguftine. 59.
The Spanifti bon chretien. 60.. The pound pear. 61. The
wilding
P E A PEC
wilding of Caflby, a foreft in Brittany, where it was difcovered. 62. The lord Martin 'pear. 63. The winter
citron pear ; it is alfo called the mufk orange pear in foane
places. 64. The winter roffelet. 65. The gate pear:
this was difeovered in the province of Poi&ou, where it was
much efteemed. 66. Bergamotte Bugi ; it is alfo called the
Eafter burgamot. 67. 'Ehe winter bonchreticn pear. 68.
Catillac or Cadillac. 6g. La paftourelle. 70. The double
flowering pear. yi. St. Martial; it is alfo called the ange¬
lic pear. 72. 1 he wilding of Chaumontellc. 73. Carme¬
lite. 74. I he union pear. 73. The aurate. 76. The
fine prefent; it is alfo called St. Sampfon. 77. Le rouffelet
dereims. 78. The fummer thorn pear. 79. The egg pear;
lo called from the figure of its fruit, which is fhaped like an
egg. 80. I he orange tulip pear. 81. La manfuette. 82.
The German mufeat. 83. The Holland burgamot. 84.
The pear of Naples. Miller.
T hey would whip me with their fine wits, till I were as
creft-laln as a dried pear. Sbakefpeare’s Mcrch. of Venice.
Auguft lhall bear the form of a young man, of a choleric
afpedt, upon his arm a bafket ofpears, plums and apples. Peac.
The juicypear
Lies in a foft profufion fcatter’d round. Thomfon.
PEARL, n. f. [perle, hr. perla, Spanifh ; fuppofed by Salmafus
to come from fpberula, Latin.]
Pearls, though efteemed of the number of gems by our
jewellers, are but a diftemper in the creature that produces
them : the fifh in which pearls are moft frequently found is
the Eaft Indian berbes or pearl oyfter : others are found to pro¬
duce pearls ; as the common oyller, the mufcle, and various
other kinds ; but the Indian pearls are fuperior to all : lome
pearls have been known of the fize of a pigeon’s egg; as
they increale in fize, they are lefs frequent and more valued :
the true fhape of the pearl is a perfebf round; but fome of a
confiderable fize are of the fhape of a pear, and ferve for
ear-rings : their colour ought to be a pure, clear and brilliant
white, and they bring their natural polifh with them,, to
which art can never attain : it is reported, that pearls natu¬
rally of a yellowifh caft, never alter, that this tinge never
grows deeper, and that the luftre of the pearl never fades,
which is therefore juftly preferred by the Orientals to fuch as
are purely white : from the name unio given to the pearl,
fome have been led to believe, that there was only one found
in each fhell; this is indeed ufually the cafe in oyfters and
mufcles; but in the oriental pearl fhell fix or eHht are
frequent, and fometimes twenty or more. Hill.
A pearl-]\xkp was made of a diftiiled milk. JFifeman.
Flow’rs purfled, blue and white,
Like faphire, pearl, in rich embroidery
Buckled below fair knighthood’s bending knee. Sbakefp.
% Cataradls pearl-coloured,, and thofe of the colour of burnifhed iron, are efteemed proper to endure the needle. Sharp.
Pearl, n.f. [albugo, Lat.J A white fpeck or film growing
on the eye. . Ainfwortb.
Pearled, adj. [from pearl.] Adorned or fet with pearls.
The water nymphs
Held up theirpearled wrifts, and took her in.
Bearing her ftraight to aged Nereus’ hall. Milton.
Pea'rleyed. adj. [pearl and eye.] Having a fpeck in the eye.
Pea'rlgrass. 1
Pea'rplant, inf Plants. Ainfwortb.
Pea'rlwort. j
Pea'rly. adj. [frompearl.]
1. Abounding with pearls ; containing pearls.
Some in their pearly fhells at eafe, attend
Moift nutriment. Milton’s Paradifc Loft,.
Another was inverted with a pearly fhell, having the fu¬
tures finely difplayed upon its furface. Woodward.
2. Refembling pearls.
Which when fhe heard, full pearly floods
I in her eyes might view.
,rJ is fweet the blufhing morn to view.
And plains adorn'd withpearly dew.
For what the day devours, the nightly dew
Shall to the morn in pearly drops renew.
Pearmai'n. n.f An apple.
Pearmain is an excellent and well known fruit. Mortimer.
Pea'rtree. n.f. [pear and tree.] The tree that bears pears.
The peartree criticks will have to borrow his name of
+* i»
Drayton.
Dryden.
Dryden.
fire. Bacon.
PEA'SANT. n.f. [paifant, Fr.] A hind ; one whofe. bufine.'s
is rural labour.
He holdeth himfelf a gentleman, and fcorneth to work,
which, he faith, is the life of a pcafant or churl. Spenjer.
Our fuperfluous lacqueys and ouspeafants.
Who in unneceffary adiion fwarm
About our fquares of battle. Sbakefp.
I had rather coin my heart, than wring
From the hard hands of peafants their viletrafh. Sbakefp.
’Tis difficult for us,who are bred up with the fame infirmities
about us with which we were born, to raile our thoughts and
imaginations to thofe intelledtual perfections that attended our
nature in the time of innocence, as it is for a peafdnt bred up
in the obfeurities of a cottage, to fancy in his mind the unfe*n fplendours of a court. South's Sermons.
The citizens would bring two thoufand men, w'ith which
they could make head againft twelve thoufand peafants.
D , ( Addifon.
1 ea san try. n.f. Peafants; rufticks; country people.
How many then fhould cover, that ftand bare t
How much low peafantry would then be gleaned
brom the true feed of honour ? how much honour*
Pickt from the chaff \ Sbakefp. Merab, ofVenice.
1 hepeafantry in France under a much heavier preffure of
want and poverty than the day-labourers of England of the
reformed religion, underftood it much better than thofe of a
higher condition among us, : Locke.
Pea scod. In. f. [pea, cod and fell.] The hufk that con1 ea'shell. J tains peas.
I hou art a fheal’d peafcocl. Sbakefp. King Lear.
I faw a green caterpillar as big as a fmz\\pcajeod. Walton.
As peafeods once I pluck’d, I chanc’d to fee
One that was clofely fill’d with three times three.
I o’er the door the fpell in fecret laid. Gay.
Pease, n.f [Pea, when it is mentioned as a fingle body,
makes peas; but when fpoken of coiledhvely, as food or a
fpecies, it is called peafe, anciently peafon; piya, Saxon ; pois,
T rench ; pifo, Italian ; pifum, Latin.] Food of peafe.
Sowe peafon and beans in the wane of the moon ;
Who foweth them fooner, he foweth too foone. Tuffer.
Peafe, deprived of any aromatic parts, are mild and de¬
mulcent ; but, being full of aerial particles, are flatulent. Arb.
Peat. n.f. A fpecies of turf, ufed for fire.
Turf and peat, and covvfheards are cheap fuels and laft
^onS- _ Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
Carew, in his furvey of Cornwall, mentions nuts found
inArt-earth two miles Eaft of St. Michael’s mount. Woodw.
Peat, n f. [fiom petit, Fr.] A little fondling; a darling; a
dear play thing. It is now commonly called pet.
A pretty peat! it is beft put finger in the eye;
An fhe knew why. Shakejp. Taming of the Shrew.
A citizen and his wife
Both riding on one horfe, upon the way
I overtook ; the wench a pretty peat. Donne.
PE'BBLE. }«•/. [psebolptana, Saxon.] A ftone diPE BLLESTONE. ) ftindt from flints, being not in layers,
but in one homogeneous, mafs, though fometimes of many
colours. Popularly a fmall ftone.
Through the midft of it ran a fweet brook, which did*
both hold the eye open with her azure ftreams, and yet feek to
clofe the eye with the purling noife it made upon the pebbleJlones it ran over. Sidney, b. i*.
1 he bifhop and the duke of Glo’fter’s men,
Forbidden late to carry any weapon,
Have fill’d their pockets full of pebble,Hones. Sbakefp.
Suddenly a file of boys deliver’d fuch a fhower of pebbles
loofe fhot, that I was fain to draw mine honour in. Sbakefp.
You may fee pebbles gathered together, and a cruft of ce¬
ment between them, as hard as thepcbbles. Bacon.
Coliedling toys,
As children gath’ring pebbles on the fhore. Milton.
Providence permitted not the ftrength of the earth to fpend
itfelf in bafe gravel and pebbles inftead of quarries of ftones.
More’s Antidote againjl Atheifm.
Winds murmur'd through the leaves your long delay;
And fountains o’er the pebbles chid your flay. Dtyden.
Another body, that hath only the refemblance of an ordi¬
nary pebble, fhall yield a metallic and valuable matter. Woodw.
Pebble-crystal, n.f.
The cryftal, in form of nodules, is .found lodged in the
_ earthy ftrata left in a train by the water departing at the conclufioD of the deluge: this fort, called by,the lapidaries
pebble-cryflal, is in fhape irregular. Woodward.
Pe'bbled. adj. [from pebble.] Sprinkled or abounding with
pebbles.
This bank fair fpreading in a pebbled fhore. Thomfcn.
Pebbly, adj. [from pebble.] Full of pebbles.
Strow’d bibulous above I fee the fands,
The pebbly gravel next. Thomfon.
Peccability, n.f [from peccable.] State of being fubjedt
to fin. ,,
Where the common peccability of mankind is urged to. in¬
duce commiferation towards the offenders ; if this be of force
in iin, where the concurrence of the will renders the perfon more inexcufable, it will furely hold much more in bare
error which is puiely involuntary. Decavof Pietv
PE CCABLE, adj. [from pecco, Lat.] Incident to fin.
PeccadiLlo, [Spanifh; peccadille, French.] A nettv faulta flight crime; a venial ofibnee. F 7 *
He means thofe little vices, which we call follies and the
defects of the human undemanding,, or at moft the peccadillo:
ot h e, rathe, than the tragical vices to which men are hurned by their unruly p;;ffiom. Dryden.
Pis low ebb with his accufers, when fuch peccadilos as
thefe are put in to fwell the charge. Atterlury.
19 J j Pe'ccancv*
PEC
^r/ccANtY. h. f. [from peccantd] Bad quality.
Apply refrigerants without any preceding evacuation, becaufe the dileafe took its original merely from the difaffedflion
of the part, and not from the peccancy of the humours. JVifetn.
PE'CCANT. adj. [peccant, Fr. peccans, Latin.]
1. Guilty; criminal.
From them 1 will not hide
My judgments, how with mankind I proceed ;
As how with peccant angels late they law. Milton.
That fuch a peccant creature fhould difapprove and repent
tof every violation of the rules of juft and honeft, this right
reafon could not but infer. South s Sermons.
2. Ill difpoled; corrupt; bad; offenfive to the body; injur¬
ious to health. It is chiefly uled in medical writers.
With laxatives preferve your body found,
And purge the peccant humours that abound. Dryden.
Such as have the bile peccant or deficient are relieved by
bitters, which are a fort of fubfidiary gall. Arbuthnot.
3. Wrong ; bad ; deficient; unformal.
Nor is the party cited bound to appear, if the citation be
peccant in form or matter. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Peck. n.f. [from pocca, or perhaps from pat, a veflel. Skinner.
1. The fourth part of a bulhel.
Burn our veflels, like a new
Seal’d peck or bulhel, for being true. Hudibras.
To every hill of alhes, fome put a peck of unflacked lime.
Which they cover with the alhes till rain flacks the lime, and
then they lpread them. Mortimer's Hujhandry.
He drove about his turnips in a cart;
And from the fame machine fold pecks of peafe. King.
2. Proverbially. [In low language.] A great deal.
Her finger was fo fmall, the ring
Would not ftay on which they did bring;
It was too wide a peck ;
It look’d like the great collarjuft
About our young colt’s neck. Suckling.
To PECK. v. a. [becquer, French ; picken, Dutch.]
1. To ftrike with the beak as a bird.
2. To pick up food with the beak.
She was his only joy, and he her pride.
She, when he walk’d, went pecking by his fide. Dryden.
Can any thing be more furprifing, than to confider Cicero
obferving, with a religious attention, after what manner the
chickens pecked the grains of corn thrown them. Addifon.
3. To ftrike with any pointed inftrument.
With a pick-ax of iron about fixteen inches long, lharpened
at the one end to peck, and flat headed at the other to drive
little iron wedges to cleave rocks. Carew's Survey ofCornivall.
4. To ftrike ; to make blows.
Two contrary factions, both inveterate enemies of our
church, which they are perpetually pecking and ftriking at
with the fame malice. South's Sermons.
They will make head againft a common enemy, whereas
mankind lie pecking at one another, till they are torn to
pieces. E EJlrange.
5. The following paflage is perhaps more properly written to
peck, to throw.
Get up o’ th’ rail, I’ll peck you o’er the pales elfe. Shake/p.
Pe'cker. n.f. [from peck.}
1. One that pecks.
2. A kind of bird : as, the wood-pecker.
The titmcufe and the peckers hungry brood.
And Progne with her bofom ftain’d in blood. Dryden.
Peckled. adj. [corrupted fromfpeckled.Spotted ; varied with
fpots.
Some are peckled, fome greenifh. IVilton s Angler.
Pecti'nal. n.f. [from pefien, Lat. a comb.]
There are other fifties whofe eyes regard the heavens, as
plain and cartilaginous fifties, as peflinals, or fuch as have
their bones made laterally like a comb. Brown.
Pe'ctinated. adj. [from peften.~\ Put one within another al¬
ternately. This feems to be the meaning.
To fit crofs leg’d or with our fingers pfRinated, is ac¬
counted bad. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Pectination, n. f. The ftate of being pedinated.
The complication or peRination of the fingers was an hiero¬
glyphic of impediment. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Pe'ctoral. adj. [from peRoralis, Latin.] Belonging to the
breaft.
Being troubled with a cough, peRorals were preferred,
and he was thereby relieved. JViJ'eman.
Pe'ctoral. n.f [peRorale, Lat. pcfloral, Fr.] A breaft plate.
Peculate. 1 n.f [peculates, Latin; peculat, Fr..] Robbery
Pecu'lation. J of the publick; theft of publick money.
Pecu'lator. [Latin.] Robber of the publick.
PECU LIAR. adj. [peculiaris, from peculium, Lat. pecule, Fr. ]
1. Appropriate ; belonging to any one with cxclufion of others.
I agree with Sir William Temple, that the word humour
is peculiar to our Englifh tongue ; but not that the thing itfelf
is peculiar to the Englifh, becaufe the contrary may be found
in many Spanilh, Italian and trench productions. Swift.
2. Not common to other things.
P E D
The only facred hymns they are that chriftianity hath pentliar unto itfelf, the other being longs too of piaife and of
thankfgiving, but fongs wherewith as we fcrve God, lo the
Jews likewife. Hooker, b. v. J. 39.
Space and duration being ideas that have fomething veiy
abftrufe and peculiar in their nature, the comparing them one
with another may be of ufe for their illuftration. Locke.
3. Particular; Angle. To join mojl with peculiar, though found
in Dryden, is improper.
Onepeculiar nation to feleCl
From all the reft, of whom to be invok’d. Milton.
I neither fear* nor will provoke the war;
My fate is Juno’s mold peculiar care. Dryden.
Peculiar, n. f.
1. The property ; the exclufive property.
By tin&ure or reflection, they augment
Their fmall peculiar. Alilt. Par. Lojl.
Revenge is fo abfolutely the peculiar of heaven, that no
confideration whatever can empower even the belt men to
aflume the execution of it. South s Sermons.
2. Something abfcinded from the ordinary jurifdiction.
Certain peculiars there are, fome appertaining to the digni¬
ties of the cathredral church at Exon. Carew.
Peculiarity, nf. [from peculiar.] Particularity; fomething*
found only in one.
If an author poflefled any diftinguifhing marks of ftyle or
peculiarity of thinking, there would remain in his leaft fuccefs*
ful writings fome few tokens whereby to difcover him. Swift.
Peculiarly, adv., [from peculiar.']
1. Particularly ; fingly.
Thatis peculiarly the effeCt of the fun’s variation. Woodw.
2. In a manner not common to others.
Pecu'niary. adj. [pecuniarius, frompecunia,Lat. pecuniaire,Fr.J
1. Relating to money.
Their impoftures delude not only unto pecuniary defrau¬
dations, but the irreparable deceit of death. Brown.
2. Confiftingof money.
Pain of infamy is a feverer punifhment upon ingenuous na¬
tures than a pecuniary mulct. Bacon.
The injured perfon might take a pecuniary muICt by way
of attonement. Broome.
Ped. n.f.
1. A fmall packfaddle. A ped is much fhorter than a pannel,
and is raifed before and behind, and ferves for fmall burdens. ;
A pannel and wanty, packfaddle and ped. Tujfer.
2. A balket; a hamper.
A halk is a wicker/>«/, wherein they ufe to carry filh. Spenf.
Pedagogical, adj. [from pedagogue.] Suiting or belonging
to a fchoolmafter.
PEDAGOGUE, n.f. [pedagogus, Lat. 'rrai^xyu'yb;, 7raU and
<zyu.] One who teaches boys ; a fchoolmafter; a pedant.
Few pedagogues but curfe the barren chair,
Like him who hang’d himfelf for mere defpair
And poverty. Dryden.
To Pe'dagogue. v. a. [-rrccidxyuyiu, from the noun.] To
teach with fupercilioufnefs.
This may confine their younger ftiles.
Whom Dryden pedagogues at Will’s ;
But never cou’d be meant to tie
Authentic wits, like you and I. Prior.
Pe'dagogy. n.f. [uxifxyuylx.] The mafterlhip ; difeipline.
In time the reafon of men ripening to fuch a pitch, as to
be above the pedagogy of Mofes’s rod] and the difeipline of
types, God thought fit to difplay the fubftance without the
fhadow. South's Sermons.
Pf/dal. adj. [pedalis, Lat.] Belonging to a foot. Diet.
Pe'dals. n.f. [pedalis, Lat. pedales, Fr.] The large pipes
of ah organ: fo called becaufe played upon and ftopt with
the foot. DiR.
Peda'neous. adj. [pedaneus, Lat.] Going on foot. Dili.
PEDANT, n. f. [pedant, French.]
1. A fchoolmafter.
Apedant that keeps a fchooli’th*’ church. Shakefp.
The boy who fcarce has paid his entrance down
To his proud pedant, or declin’d a noun. . Dryden.
2. A man vain of low knowledge ; a man awkwardly oftentatious of his literature.
The pedant can hear nothing but in favour of the conceits
he is amorous of. Glanville.
The preface has fo much of the pedant, and fo little of the
converfation of men in it, that I fhall pafs it over. Addifon.
In learning let a nymph delight,
The pedant gets a miftrefs by’t. Swift.
Pfda'ntic. 1 adj. [pedantcfquc, Fr. from pedant.] AwkPeda'ntical. j wardly oftentatious of learning.
Mr. Cheeke had eloquence in the Latin and Greek tongues ;
but for other fufliciencies pedantick enough. Hayward.
When we fee any thing in an old fatyrift, that looks forced
and pedantick, we ought to confidef how it appeared in the
time the poet writ. Addifon.
The obfeurity is brought over them by ignorance and age,
made yet more obfeure by theirpedantical elucidators. Felton.
A fpirit
PEE PEE
A fpirit of contradiction is fo pedantic and hateful, that a To Peel. t). a. [peler, Fr: from pellis.]
hian Ihould watch againft every inftance of it. Watts. I. To decorticate ; to flay.
"VVe now believe the Copernican fyftem ; yet we (hall (till The (kilful (hepherd peel d me certain wands,
life the popular terms of fun-rife and lun-let, and not intro- And ltucle them up befdre the fullbme ewes.
ducc a new delcription of them from the motion of 2. [From piHer, to rob.] To plunder. According to
* . d c.:_ a *.7/
analogy
Bentley s Sermons.
With awkward
the earth
Pedantically, adv. [from pedantscal]
oftenration of literature.
The earl of Rolcommon has excellently rendered it}
too faithfully is, indeed, pedantically, ’tis a faith like that,
which proceeds from luperftition. Dryden.
Pedantry. n.J'. [pedanterie, Fr.] Awkward oftentation of
needlels learning.
’Tis a praClice that favours much of pedantry, d referve of
puerility we have not (haken off from fchool. Brown.
Horace has enticed me into this pedantry of quotation. Cowl.
Make us believe it, if you can: it is in Latin, if I may
be allowed the pedantry of a quotation, non perfuadebis, ttimafi
perfuaferis. Addifon’s Freeholder. Peeler, n.f [frorrt peel]
From the univerfities the yoiing nobility are fent for fear of i. One who (trips or flays;
this fliould be written pill
Who once juft and temp’ratc conquer d well.
But govern ill the nations under yoke}
Peeling their provinces, exhaufted all
But Juft and rapine. Milton’s, Paraclifk Regained.
Lord-like at eafe, with arbitary pow’r,
To peel the chiefs, the people to devour j
Thefe, traitor, are thy talents. Drydeni
PEEL. n.f. [pellis^ Latin ; pelure, French.] The fkin or thin
rind of any thing.
Peel. n.f. [paelle, Fr.] A broad thin board with a long
handle, tifed by bakers to put their bread in and out of the
oven.
contracting any airs of pedantry by a college education. Swift.
To Pe ddle, v. n. To be bufy about trifles. Ainf. It is com¬
monly written piddle : as, what piddling work is here.
Pedere'ro. n.J. [pedrero, Spanifti, from piedra, a ftone with
which they charged it.] A fmall cannon managed by a
fwivel. It is frequently written paterera.
Pe'destal; n. f. [piedjlal, Fr.] The lower member of a
pillar} the bafts of a ftatue.
The poet bawls
And (hakes the ftatues and the pedejlals. Dryden.
In the centre of it was a grim idol} the forepart of the
pedejlal was curioufly embodied with a triumph. Addfon.
So ftifF, fo mute ! fome ftatue you would fwear
Stept from its pedejlal to take the air. Pope.
Pede'strious. adj. [pedejlris, Latin.] Not winged } going
on foot.
Men conceive they never lie down, and enjoy not the poftticn of reft, ordained unto all pedejlrious animals. Brown.
Pe'dicle. n.J'. [from pedis, Lat. pedicule, Fr.] The footftalk,
that by which a leaf or fruit is fixed to the tree.
The caule of the holding green, is the clofe and compact
fubftance of their leaves and pedicles. Bacon.
Pedi'cular. adj. [pedicularis, Lat. pediculaire, Fr.] Having
the phthyriafis or loufy diftemper. Ainfworth.
Pe'digree. n.f. [pere and degre, Skinner.] Genealogy; li¬
neage ; account of defeent.
I am no herald to enquire of men’s pedegrees, it fufHceth
me if I know their virtues. Sidney.
You tell a pedigree
Of threefcore and two years, a filly time. Shakefpeare.
Alterations of firnames, which in former ages have been
very common, have obfeured the truth of our pedigrees, that
it will be no little hard labour to deduce many of them. Cam.
To the old heroes hence was giv’n
A pedigree which reach’d to heav’n. Waller.
The Jews preferved the pedigrees of their feveral tribes,
with a more fcrupulous exadtnefs than any other nation. Atter.
Pe'diment. n.f. [pedis, Lat.] In architecture, an ornament
that crowns the ordonances, finifhes the fronts of buildings,
and ferves as a decoration over gates, windows and niches:
it is ordinarily of a triangular form, but fometimes makes the
arch of a circle. Dift.
PE'DLER. n. f. [a petty dealer ; a contraction produced by fre¬
quent ufe.] One who travels the country with fmall com¬
modities.
All as a poor pedler he did wend.
Bearing a trufle of trifles at his backe ;
As bells and babies and glades in his packe. Spenfer.
If you did but hear the pedler at the door, you would never
dance again after a tabor and pipe Shakefpeare.
He is wit’s pedler, and retails his wares
At wakes and waflals, meetings, markets, fairs. Shakefp.
Had fly Ulyfles at the lack
Of Troy brought thee lhs pedler’s pack. Cleaveland.
A narrow education may beget among fome of the clergy
in pofleffion fuch contempt for all innovators, as merchants
have for pedle> s. Swift.
Atlas was fo exceeding ftrong.
He bore the fkies upon his back,
Juft as a pedler does his pack. Swift.
Pe'dleRY. adj. [from pedler.] Wares fold by pedlers.
The fufferings of thofe of my rank are trifles' in comparifon of what all thole who travel with fifh, poultry, pedlery
ware to fell. . Swift.
Pe'ddling. adj. Petty dealing; fuch as pedlers have.
So flight a pleafirre I may part with, and find no mifs j
this peddling profit 1 may refign, and ’twill be no breach rn
my eftate. “ - „ pfO °J P“‘1-
Pe'dobaptism. n. f. .[rrolido; and (HotTrlur^ot.] Infant baptifm
Pe'dobapTIST. n.f. [7r«oJoj and fienrlts’ric.]
or praCiiles infant baptiim
2. A robber ; a plunderer.
Yet otes with her fucking a peeler is found.
Both ill to the maifter and worfe to fome
As
ground.
Tujfer.
’tis a peeler of land, fow it upon lands that are rank.
Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
To PEEP; v. n. [This word has no etymology, except that of
Skinner, who derives it from opheffen, Dutch, to lift up ; and
of Cafaubon, who derives it from 0V17reuVig, afpy ; perhaps it
may come from pip, pipio, Latin, to cry as young birds :
when the chickens firft broke the (hell and cried, they were
faid to begin to pip or peep ; and the word that exprefled the
aCt of crying; was by miftake applied to the aCt of appearing
that was at the fame time : this is offered till fomething better
may be found.]
I. To make the firft appearance.
She her gay painted plumes difordered,
Seeing at laft herfelf from danger rid.
Peeps forth and foon renews her native pride. Fa. ghieeh,
Your youth
And the true blood, which peeps forth fairly through it,-
Do plainly give you out an unftain’d fhepherd. Shakefp.
England and France might through their amity,
Breed him fome prejudice; for from this league.
Peep’d harms that menac’d him; Shakefp. Henry VIII.
I can fee his pride
Peep through each part of him. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The tim’rous maiden-bloflbms on each bough
Peept forth from their firft blufties ; fo that noW
A thoufand ruddy hopes fmil’d in each bud,
And flatter’d every greedy eye that flood. Crajhaw.
With words not hers, and more than human found,
She makes th’ obedient ghofts peep trembling through the
ground. \ Roj.common.
Earth, but not at once, her vifage rears;
And peeps upon the feas from upper grounds. Dryden.
Fair as the face of nature did appear,
When flowers firft peep’d, and trees did blofloms bear, >
And winter had not yet deform’d th’ inverted year. Dryd. j
Printing and letters had juft peeped abroad in the world ;
and the reftorers of learning wrote very eagerly againft one
another. Atterbury.
Though but the very white end of the fprout peep out in
the outward part of the couch, break it open, you will find
the fprout of a greater largenefs. Mortimer s Hufbandry,
So pleas’d at firft the tow’ring Alps we try.
And the firft clouds and mountains feem the laft ;
But thofe attain’d, we tremble to furvey
The growing labours of the lengthen’d way
Th’ increafing profpedt tires our wand’ring eyes,
Hills peep o’er hills, and Alps on Alps arife.
Molt fouls but peep out once an age.
Dull fullen pris’ners in the body’s cage
Pope.
Pop,e.
To look flily; clofely or curioufly; to look through any
crevice.
Who is the fame, which at my
Didl.
One that holds
n.
window peef>s.
Spenfer.
Come thick night!
That my keen knife fee not the wound it makes;
Nor heav’n peep through the blanket of the dark,
To cry hold. Shakejp. Macbeth.
Nature hath fram’d ftrange fellows in her-time ;
Some that will evermore peep through their eyes,
And laugh like parrots at a bag-piper. Shakefp.
A fool will peep in at the door. Eccluf. xxi. 23.
The trembling leaves through which he play’d,
Dappling the walk with light and (hade,
Like lattice-windows give the fpy
Room but to peep with half an eye. Cleaveland.
All doors are (hut, no fervant peeps abroad,
While others outward went on quick dilpatch. Dryden.
The
PEEt
'I he daring flames peept in, and faw from far
The awful beauties of the facred quire ;
But fince it was prophan’d by civil war,
Heav’n thought it fit to have it purg’d by fire. Dryden.
From each tree
I he feather’d people look down to peep on me. Dryden,
Thofe remote and vaft bodies were formed not merely to
be peept at through an optick glafs. Bentley s Sermons,
O my mufe, juft diftance keep ;
Thou art a maid, and muft not peep. Prior.
In vain his little children peeping out
Into the mingling ftorm, demand their fire. Thomfon.
Peep, n.f
1. Firft appearance: as, at tho peep and firft break of day.
2. A fly look.
Would not one think, the almanackmaker was crept out
• of his grave to take t’ other peep at the ftars. Swift.
Pee'per. n.f. Young chickens juft breaking the fhell.
Difhes I chufe, though little, yet genteel;
Snails the firft courfe, and peepers crown the meal. Bramjl.
Pee'phole. I n.f. [peep and hole.] Hole through which
Pee'pinghole. ) one may look without being difcovered.
By the peepholes in his creft,
Is it not virtually confeft,
That there his eyes took diftaht aim. Prior.
The fox fpied him through a peepinghole he had found out
to fee what news. L'Ejlrange.
PEER, n.f [pair, French.]
1. Equal; one of the fame rank.
His peers upon this evidence
Have found him guilty of high treafon. Shakefp.
Amongft a man’s peers, a man (hall be lure of familiarity ;
and therefore it is good a little to keep ftate. Bacon.
Oh ! what is man, great maker of mankind !
That thou to him fo great refpedt do’ft bear !
That thou adorn’ft him with fo bright a mind,
Mak’ft him a king, and ev’n an angel’s peer. Davies.
2. One equal in excellence or endowments.
In fong he never had his peer,
From fweet Cecilia down to chanticleer. Dryden.
3. Companion : fellow.
He all his peers in beauty did furpafs. Fairy Queen.
If you did move to-night,
In the dances, with what fpight
Of your peers you were beheld,
That at every motion fwell’d. Benj. Johnfon.
Who bear the bows were knights in Arthur’s reign,
Twelve they, and twelve the peers of Charlemagne. Dryd.
4. A nobleman: of nobility we have five degrees, who are all
neverthelefs called peers, becaufe their eflential privileges are
the fame.
I fee thee compaft with thy kingdom’s peers,
That fpeak my falutation in their minds :
Hail king of Scotland ! Shakefp. Macbeth.
King Henry’s peers and chief nobility
Deftroy’d themfelves, and loft the realm of France. Shakef.
Bejuft in all you fay, and all you do ;
Whatever be your birth, you’re lure to be
A peer of the firft magnitude to me. Dryden.
To Peer. v. n. [By contraction from appear.]
j. To come juft in fight.
As the fun breaks through the darkeft clouds,
So honour peereth in the meaneft habit. Shakefp.
Yet a many of your horfemen peer.
And gallop o’er the field. Shakefpear's Henry V.
Ev’n through the hollow eyes of death)
I fpy life peering Shakefp.
See how his gorget peers above his gown,
To tell the people in what danger he was. Ben. Johnfon.
Hell itfelf will pafs away,
And leave her dolorous manfion to the peering day. Milt,
2. To look narrowly; to peep.
Now for a clod-like hare in form theypeer.
Now bolt and cudgel fquirrels leap do move,
Now the ambitious lark with mirrour clear
They catch, while he, fool ! to himlelf makes love. Sidn.
Peering in maps for ports, and peers, and roads.
And every objeCt that might make me fear
Misfortune to my ventures. Shakepf. Merch. of Venice.
Pee'race. n.f. [pairie, Fr. from peer.]
j. I’he dignity of a peer.
His friendfhips he to few confin’d ;
No fools of rank or mongrel breed.
Who fain would pafs for Lords indeed ;
Where titles give no right or power,
And peerage is a wither’d flower. Swift.
2. The body of peers.
Not only the penal laws are in force againft papifts, and
their number is contemptible, but alfo the peerage and com¬
mons are excluded from parliament. ° Dryden.
Pee'rdom. n.f [frompeer.] Peerage. Ainfworth.
Pee'ress. n.f [female of peer.] The lady of a peer ; awo-
*man ennobled.
PEG
Statefinan and patriot ply alike the ftocks;
Peerefs and butler fhare alike the box. _ Pope.
Pee'rless. adj. [frompeer.] Unequalled; having no peer.
I bind.
On pain of punifhment, the world to weet,
We ftand up pecrlefs. Shakefp.
You, . .
So perfedf, and fo peerlefs, are created
Of every creature’s beft. Shakefpeare's Tcmpejl.
Her peerlefs feature, joined with her birth.
Approves her fit for none, but for a king. Shakefp.
Hefperus, that led
The ftarry hoft, rode brighteft ; till the moon,
Riling in clouded majeft, yat length.
Apparent queen, unveil’d her pecrlefs ligflt. Milton.
Such mulic worthieft were to blaze
The peerlefs light of her immortal praiie.
Whole luftre leads us. Milton.
Her drefs, her lhape, her matchlefs grace,
Were all obferv’d, as well asheav’nly face ;
FFith fuch a peerlefs majefty fhe ftands,
As in that day fhe took the crown. Dryden.
Pee'rlessness. n.f. [frompeerlefs.] Univerfal fuperiority.
PEE'VISH, adj. [This word Julius, with more realon than he
commonly difeovers, luppofes to be formed by corruption from
perverfe; Skinner rather derives it from beeifo, as we iky
wafpijh.] Petulant; wafpifh; eaiily offended ; irritable;
iraicible; foon angry ; perverfe; morofe ; querulous ; full ot
expreflions of difeontent; hard to pleafe.
For what can breed more peevijh incongruities,
Than man to yield to female lamentations. Sidney.
She is peevijh, fullen, froward.
Proud, difobedient, ftubborn, lacking duty. Shakefp.
If thou haft the metal of a king,
Being wrong’d as we are by this peevijh town.
Turn thou the mouth of thy artillery.
As we will ours, againft thefe faucy walls. Shakefp.
I will not prefume
To fend fuch peevijh tokens to a king. Shakefp.
Thofe delerve to be doubly laugh’d at, that are peevijh and
angry for nothing to no purpofe. L'Ejlrange.
Neither will it be fatire or peevijh inveClive to affirm, that
infidelity and vice are not much diminifhed. Swift.
Pee'vishly. adv. [from peevifo.] Angrily; queruloufiy;
morofely.
He was fo peevifhly opiniative and proud, that he would
neither afk nor hear the advice of any. Hayward.
Pee'vjshness. n.f. [from peevijh.] Irafcibility; queruionfnefs ; fretfulnefs; perverfenefs.
-v Some milcarriages in government might efcape through the
peevijhnefs of others, envying the publick fliould be managed
without them. King Charles.
It will be an unpardonable, as well as childifh peevijhnefs,
if we undervalue the advantages of our knowledge, and neglebt to improve it. r Locke.
You may find
Nothing but acid left behind : ‘
From paffion you may then be freed.
When peevijhnefs and fpleen fucceed. Swift.
Peg. n.f. [pegghe, Teutonick.]
1. A piece of wood driven into a hole, which does the office of
an iron nail.
Solid bodies forefhew rain ; as boxes and pegs of wood,
when they draw and wind hard. Bacon,
The teeth are about thirty in each jaw ; all of them claviculares or peg teeth, not much unlike the tufks of a maftifF.
Grew's Adnfceum.
If he pretends to be cholerick, we fhall treat, him like his
little friend Dicky, and hang him upon a peg till he comes to
himfelf. Addifon's Guardian, Ny 108.
The pegs and nails in a great building, though they are but
little valued in themfelves, are abfolutely neceflary to keep the
whole frame together. Addifon's Spectator.
A finer petticoat can neither make you richer, more vir¬
tuous or wife, than if it hung upon a peg. Swift.
2. The pins of an inftrument in which the firings are ftrained.
You are well tun’d now; but I’ll let down
The pegs that make this mufick. Shakefp. Othello.
3. To take a Peg lower ; to deprefs; to fink : perhaps from re¬
laxing the cords of mufical inftruments.
Remember how in arms and politicks.
We ftill have worfted all your holy tricks,
Trepann’d your party with intrigue,-
And took your grandees down a peg. Hudihras.
4. The nickname of Margaret.
'Fo Peg. v. a. To faften with a peg.
I will rend an oak,
Andp^ thee in his knotty entrails, till
Thou’ft howl’d away twelve winters. Shakefp. Tempejl.
Taking the fhoots of the paft lpring, and pegging them
down in very rich earth, by that time twelvemonth they will
be ready to remove. Evelyn's Kalendar.
n Pelf.
PEL Pen
Pelf. n.f [In low Latin, pelfra, not known whence derived;
pouffe, in Norman, isfrippery.] Money ; riches.
The thought of this doth pafs all worldly pelf. Sidney.
Hardy elf,
Thou dareft view my direful countenance,
I read thee rafh and heedlefs of thyfelf,
To trouble my Hill feat and heaps of precious pelf
Fairy Queen-.
Immortal gods, I crave no pelf;
I pray for no man but myfelf. Shakefpeare.
He call’d his money in ;
But the prevailing love of pelf
Soon fplithim on the former fhelf:
He put it out again. Dryden's Horace.
To the p<jior if he refus’d his pelf
He us’d them full as kindly as himfelf. Swift.
Pf/LICAN. n.f [pelicanus, low Lat. pellican, Fr.]
T here are two forts of pelicans; one lives upon the water
and feeds upon fifh ; the other keeps in deferts, and feeds
upon ferpents and other reptiles: the pelican has a peculiar
tendernefs for its young ; it generally places its neft upon a
craggy rock : the pelican is luppofed to admit its young to
fuck blood from its breaft. Calmet.
Should difearded fathers
Have this little mercy on their flefh ;
’Twas this flefh begot thofe pelican daughters. Shakefp.
The pelican hath a beak broad and flat, like the flice of
apothecaries. Hakewill on Providence.
PE'LLET. n.f. [from pila, Lat. pelote, Fr.]
1. A little ball.
That which is fold to the merchants, is made into little
pellets, and fealed. Sandys.
I drefled with little pellets of lint. Wifeman's Surgery.
2. A bullet ; a ball.
The force of gunpowder hath been aferibed to rarefa&ion
of the earthy fubftance into flame, and fo followeth a dilata¬
tion ; and therefore, left two bodies fhould be in one place,
there muft needs alfo follow an expulflon of the pellet or
blowing up of the mine : but thefe are ignorant fpeculations ;
for flame, if there were nothing elfe, will be fuffocated with
any hard body, fuch as a pellet is, or the barrel of a gun ; fo
as the hard body would kill the flame. Bacon.
A cube or pellet of yellow wax as much as half the fpirit
of wine, burnt only eighty-feven pulfes. Bacon.
How fhall they reach us in the air with thofe pellets they
can hardly roll upon the-ground*. L' Ejlrange.
In a (hooting trunk, the longer it is to a certain limit, the
more forcibly the air pafles and drives the pellet. Rav:
PeTleted. adf [from pellet.'] Confifting of bullets.
My brave Egyptians all,
By the difeandying of this pelleted ftorm.
Lie gravelefs. _ Shakefpeare.
Pe'llicle. n.f. [pellicula, Lat.]
1. A thin fkin.
After tire difeharge of the fluid, the pellicle muft be broke.
Sharp's Surgery.
2. It is often ufed for the film which gathers upon liquors im¬
pregnated with falts or other fubftances, and evaporated by
heat.
Pe'llitorY. n.f [parietaria, Lat.] An herb.
The pellitory hath an apetalous flower, whofe flower cup is
divided into four parts;, which is fometimes bell-fhaped like a
funnel, with four ftamina or threads furrounding the pointal,
which becomes for the moft part an oblong feed, furrounded
by the flower cup ; to which may be added, the flowers are
produced from the wings of the leaves. Miller.
Pe'llmell. n.f. [pefte mefe,Yr.] Confufedly ; tumultuoufly;
one among another.
When we have dafh’d them to the ground.
Then defie each other ; andpell mell
Make work upon ourfelves. Shakefpeare's King John.
Never yet did infurredfion want
Such moody beggars, ftarving for a time
Of pellmcll havock and confufion. Henry IV.
He knew when to fall on pellmell,
To fall back and retreat as well. Hudibras.
Pells, n.f. [pellis, Lat.]
Clerk of the pells, an officer belonging to the exchequer,
who enters everj< tellers bill into a parchment roll called pellis
acceptorum, the roil of receipts; and alio makes another roll
called pellis exituum, a roll of the difburfements. Bailey.
PELLUCID, adf [pellucidus, Lat.] Clear; tranfparent;
not opake ; not dark.
The colours are owing to the intermixture of foreign matter
with the proper matter of the ftone : this is the cafe of agates
and other coloured ftones, the colours of feveral whereof may
be extracted, and the bodies rendered as pellucid as cryftal,
without fenfibly damaging the texture. Woodward.
* If water be made warm in any pellucid veflel emptied of
air, the water in the vacuum will bubble and boil as vehe¬
mently as it would in the open air in a veflel fet upon the fire,
till it conceives a much greater heat. Newton's Opticks.
Pellu'cidity. I n.f. [frompellucid.] Tranfparency j clearPellu'cidness. ) nefs ; not opacity.
The air is a clear and pellucid menftruum, in which the
infenfible particles of diflolved matter float, without troublinothe pellucidity of the air; when on a fudden by a precipitation
they gather into vifible mifty drops that make clouds. Locke.
Weconlider their pellucidnefs and the vaft quantity of li^ht,
that pafles through them without reflection. Keil.
Pelt. n.J. [frompellis, Lat.]
1. Skin; hide.
'File camels hair is taken for the fkin or pelt with the hair
uP°n it. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
A fcabby tetter on their pelts will flick,
When the raw rain has pierc’d them to the quick. Dryden.
2. The quarry of a hawk all torn. AinJ'worth.
Pelt-monger. n. f [.pelho, Lat. pelt and monger.] A dealer
in raw hides.
To Pelt. v. a. [poltern, German, Skinner-, contracted from
pellet, Mr. Lye.) It is generally ufed of fomething thrown,
rather with teazing frequency than deftruCtive violence.
1. To ftrike with fomething thrown.
Poor naked wretches wherefoe’er you are
That bide the pelting of this pitilefs ftorm !
How fliall your houfelefs heads and unfed fides.
Your loop d and window’d raggednefs defend you. Shakefp.
^ Do but ftand upon the foaming fhore.
The chiding billows feem to pelt the clouds. Shakefp.
No zealous brother there would want a ftone
To maul us cardinals, and pelt pope Joan. Dryden.
Obfcure perfons have mlulted men of great worth, and
pelted them from coverts with little objections. Atterbury.
The whole empire could hardly fubdue me, and I might
eafily with ftones pelt the metropolis to pieces. Gulliver.
2. To throw ; to caft.
v My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.
Then tripping to the woods the wanton hies. Dryden.
Pe lting. adj. This word in Shakefpeare fignifies, I know not
why, mean ; paltry ; pitiful.
Could great men thunder, Jove could ne’er be quiet;
For every pelting petty officer
Would ufe his heav’n for thunder. Shakefpeare,
Fogs falling in the land,
Have every pelting river made fo proud,
That they have overborn their continents. Shakefp.
They from fheepcotes and poor pelting villages
Enforce their charity. ° Shakefp.
A tenement or pelting farm. Shakefp.
PE'LVIS. n.f. [Latin.] The lower part of the belly.
Pen. n.f. [penna, Latin.]
1. An inftrument of writing.
Never durft poet touch a pen to write,
Until his ink were temper’d with love’s fighs. Shakefp.
Eternal deities!
Who write whatever time fhall bring to pafs.
With pens of Adamant on plates of brafs. Dryden.
He takes the papers, lays them down again;
And, with unwilling fingers, tries thepen. Dryden.
I can, by defigning the letters, tell what new idea it fhall
exhibit the next moment, barely by drawing my pen over it.
Which will neither appear, if my hands ftand Hill; or though
I move my pen, if my eyes be fhut. Locke.
2. Feather.
1 he pens that did his pinnions bind.
Were like main-yards with flying canvas lin’d.
. 1 Fairy Queen.
3. Wing; though even here it may meanfeather.
Feather’d foon and fledg’d,
They fumm’d their pens ; and foaring th’ air fublime.
With clang defpis’d the ground. Miltons Paradife Loft.
4. [From pennan, Saxon.] A fmall inclofure; a coop.
My father ftole two geefe out of a pen. Shakefp.
The cook was ordered to drefs capons for fupper, and take
the beft in the pen. ‘ L'Ejlrange.
She in pens his flocks will fold. Dryden 5 Horace.
Ducks in thy ponds, and chickens in thypens,
And be thy turkeys num’rous as thy hens. Kino-,
The gather’d flocks
Are in the wattled pen innumerous prefs’d.
Head above head. Thomfon's Summer.
To Pen. v. a. [pennan and pinban, Saxon.]
1. To coop; to fhut up ; to incage; to imprilon in a narrow
place.
Away with her, ,
Anipen her up. Cymbdim.
My heavy fon
Private in his chamber pens L’.mfelf. Shaked
The plaifler alone would pen the humour already contained
in the part, and forbid new humour. Bacon.
.... . As ,when a Pawling wolf,
Whom hunger drives to feek new haunt for prey,
ate nng where fhepherds pen their flocks at eve
I q K
PEN
In hurdled cotes, amid the field fecurc
Leaps o’er the fence with eafe into the fold. Milton.
The glafs, wherein it is penned up, hinders it to deliver
itfelf by an expanfion of its parts. _5cy/^.
The prevention of mifchief is preferibed by the Jewuh
cuftom ; they pen up their daughters, and permit them to be
acquainted with none. Harvey on Confumptions.
Ah ! that your bus’nefs had been mine,
To pen the fheep. Dryden.
2.[From the noun.] To write. It probably meant at firu
only the manual exercife of the pen, or mechanical part of
writing ; but it has been long ul'ed with relation to the Itile
or compofition.
For prey thefe fhepherds two he took,
Whofe metal fliff he knew he could not bend
With hearfay pi&ures, or a window look.
With one good dance or letter finely penn'd. Sidney.
I would be loth to call away my fpeech ; for, befides that
it is excellently well penn’d, I have taken great pains to con
Shakefpeare’s Tivelftb Night.
' Read this challenge, mark but the penning of it. Shakefp.
A fentence fpoken by him in Englifh, and penned out of
his mouth by four good lecretaries, for trial of our orthogra¬
phy was fet down by them. Camden's Remains.
He frequented fermons, and penned notes with his own
Hand. Hayu/ard on Edward VI.
The digefting my thoughts into order, and the fetting them
down in writing was neceffary ; for without fuch ftridt exa¬
mination, as the penning them affords, they would have been
disjointed and roving ones. Digby on the Soul.
Almoft condemn’d, he mov’d the judges thus :
Hear, but inftead of me, my Oedipus;
The judges hearing with applaufe, at th’ end
Freed him, and faid, no fool fuch lines had penn'd. Denh.
Gentlemen fhould extempore, or after a little meditation,
fpeak to fome fiibjedt withoutpenning of anything. Locke.
Should I publifh the prailes that are fo well penn'd, they
would do honour to the perfons who write them. Addifon.
Twenty fools I never law
Come with petitions fairly penn'd,
Deliring I fhould ftand their friend. Swift.
Pe'nal. adj. [penal, Fr. from poena, Lat.]
1. Denouncing puniihment; enabling puniihment.
Gratitude plants fuch generoiity in the heart of man, as
Ihall more effeaually incline him to what i.s brave and be¬
coming than the terror of any penallaw.. South.
2. Uled for the purpofes of puniihment 5 vindictive.
Adamantive chains and penal fire. Milton.
Pe'nalty. \n%r [from penalite, old French.]
Penality. J j l ..... fl. n- ”
1. Puniihment; cenfure ; judicial infliction.
Many of the ancients denied the Antipodes* ana fome unto
the penality of contrary affirmations; but the experience of na¬
vigations, can now afiert them beyond all dubitation. Brown.
Political power is a right of making laws with penalties oi
death, and confequently all lefs penalties, for preferving pro¬
perty, and employing the force of the community in the exe¬
cution of laws. . . Locke.
Beneath her footftool, fcience groans in chains,
And wit dreads exile, penalties and pains. Dunciad.
2. Forfeiture upon non-performance. _
Lend this money, not as to thy friend,
But lend it rather to thine enemy,
Who, if he break, thou may’ft with better face _
Exact the penalty. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
Pe'nnance. n. f. [pcnence, old French; for penitence.'] In¬
fliction either publick or private, luffered as an exprelihon of
repentance for fin.
And bitter pennance, with an iron whip, _
Was wont him once to difciple every day. Fairy Queen.
Mew her up.
And make her bear the pennance of her tongue. . Shakefp.
No penitentiary, though he had enjoined him never
fo ftraight pennance to expiate his firft offence, would have
counfelled him to have given over the purfuit of his right.
Bacon.
The fcourge
Inexorable, and the torturing hour
Calls us to pennance. Milton s Paradfe Lojl.
A Lorain furgeon, who whipped the naked part with a great
rod of nettles till all over bliffered, perfuaded him to per¬
form this pennance in a (harp fit he had. Temple.
Pence, n. f. The plural of penny; formed from pennies, by
a contraction ufual in the rapidity of colloquial fpeech.
The fame fervant found one of his fellow fervants, which
owed him an hundred pence\ and took him by the throat. Mat.
Pe'ncil. n.f. [pcnicillum, Latin.]
f. A fmall brufh of hair which painters dip in their colours.
Pencils can by one flight touch reftore
Smiles to that changed face, that wept before. Dryden.
For thee the groves green liv’rics wear.
For thee the graces lead the dancing hours,
i And nature’s ready pencil paints the flow’rs. Drydm.
6
PEN
A fort of pi&ures there is, wherein the colours, as laid by
the pencil on the table, mark out very odd figures. Locke.
The faithful pencil has defign’d
Some bright idea of the mailer’s mind,
Where a new world leaps out at his command,
And ready nature waits upon his hand. Pope.
One dips the pencil, t’ other firings the lyre. Pope.
2. A black lead pen, with which cut to a point they write with¬
out ink.
Mark with a pen or pencil the moll confidcrable things in
the books you defire to remember. LVatts.
3. Any inftrument of writing without ink.
To Pe'ncil. v. n. [from the noun.] To paint.
Painting is almoll the natural man ;
For fince dilhonour trafficks with man’s nature.
He is but outlide : pencil’d figures are
Ev’n fuch as they give out. Shakefpeare's Timon of Athens.
Pe'ndant. n.J. [pendant, French.]
1. A jewel hanging in the ear.
T he fpirits
Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair.
Some hang upon the pendents of her ear. Pope.
2. Any thing hanging by way of ornament.
Unripe fruit, whole verdant llalks do cleave
Clofe to the tree, which grieves no lefs to leafe
The fmiling pendant which adorns her fo.
And until Autumn, on the bough fliould grow. JValler.
3. A pendulum. Oblolete.
To make the farhe pendant go twice as fall as it did, or
make every undulation of it in halt the time it did, make the
line, at which it hangs, double in geometrical proportion to
the line at which it hanged before. Digby on the SouL
4. A fmall flag in flrips.
Pe'ndence. n.f. [from pendeo, Lat.] Slopenefs ; inclination.
The Italians give the cover a graceful pendence or flopenefs, dividing the whole breadth into nine parts, whereof two
fhall ferve for the elevation of the higheft top or ridge from
the lowell. TVotton's Architecture.
Pe'ndency. n. f [from pendeo, Lat.] Sufpenle; delay of
decifion.
The judge fhall pronounce in the principal caufe, nor can
the appellant allege pendency of fuit. > Ayliffe.
PUndent, adj. [pendens, Latin; fome write pendant, from
the French.]
1. Hanging.
Quaint in green Ihe fhall be loofe enrob d
With ribbans pendent, flaring’bout her head. Shakefp.
I fometimes mournful verfe indite, and ling
Of defperate lady near a purling Itream,
Or lover pendent on a willow tree. Phillips.
2. Jutting over.
A pendent rock,
A forked mountain, or blue promontory
With trees upon’t, that nod unto the world.
And mock our eyes with air. Shakefp.
3. Supported above the ground.
They brought, by wond’rous art
Pontifical, a ridge of pendent rock
Over the vex’d abyfs. Milton's Paradife Lof.
Pe'nding. n.f. [pendente life.] Depending ; remaining yet
undecided.
A perfon pending fuit with the diocefan, fhall be defended
in the pofleffion. Ayliffe.
Pendulo'sity. 1 n.f [frompendulous.] The flateofhangPe'ndulousness. J ing; fufpenfion.
His flender legs he encreafed by riding, that is, the humours
defeended upon their pendulofity, having no fupport or fuppedaneous liability. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PENDULOUS, adj. [pendulus, Lat.] Hanging-; not fupported below.
All the plagues, thatin the pendulous air
Hang fated o’er men’s faults, light on thy daughters. Shak.
Bellerophon’s horfe, fram’d of iron, and placed between
two loadllones with wings expanded, hung pendulous in the
air. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The grinders are furnifhed with three roots, and in the
upper jaw often four, becaufe thefe are pendulous. Ray.
Pe'ndulum. n.f. [pendulus, Lat. pendule, Fr.] Any weight
hung fo as that it may eafily fwing backwards and forwards,
of which the great law is, that its ofcillations are always
performed in equal time.
Upon the bench I will fo handle ’em,
That the vibration of this pendulum
Shall make all taylors yards of one
Unanimous opinion. Huawras.
PENETRABLE, adj. [penetrable, Fr. penetrabilis, Latin.]
1. Such as may be pierced; fuch as may admit the entrance of
another body.
Let him try- thy dart,
And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden.
2. Sufceptive of moral or intellectual impreffion.
I am not made of flone.
But penetrable to your kind entreaties. Shakefp.
c ' Peace,
PEN PEN
Peace,
And let we wring your heart, for fo I fhall,
If it be made of penetrable fluff. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Pknetrabi'uty. f [from penetrable.] Sufceptibility of
impreffion from another body.
There being no mean between penetrability and impenetra¬
bility, paffivity and activity, they being contrary; therefore
the infinite rarefaction of the one quality is the pofition of its
contrary. Cheyne’s Philofophical Principles.
Pk'netrail. n.f [penetralia, Latin.] Interiour parts. Not
in ufe.
'I'he heart refills purulent fumes, into whofe penetrails to
infinuate fome time muff be allowed. Harvey.
Pe nhtrancy. n.J. [from penetrant.] Power of entering or
piercing.
The fubtlitiy, activity and penetrancy of its effluvia no obftacle can flop or repel, but they will make their way through
all bodies. Ray on the Creation.
PE'NETRANT. adj. [penetrant, Fr.j Having the power to
pierce or enter ; fharp ; fubtile.
If the operation of thefe falts be in convenient glaffes pro¬
moted by warmth, the afcending fleams may eafily be caught
and reduced into a penetrant fpirit. Boyle.
The food, mingled with fome diffolvent juices, is evacuated
into the intellines, where it is further fubtilized and rendered
lo fluid and penetrant, that the finer part finds its way in
at the flreight orifices of the laCteous veins. Ray.
To PE'NET. RATE. v.a. penetro, Lat. penetrer, Fr.]
1. To pierce i to enter beyond the l'urface ; to make way into
a body.
Marrow is, of all other oily fubflances, the mofl penetra¬
ting. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. To affebt the mind.
3. To reach the meaning.
To PeneTrate. v. n. To make way.
There fhall we clearly lee the ufes of thefe things, which
here were too fubtile for us to penetrate. Ray.
If we reached no farther than metaphor, we rather fancy
than know, and are not yet penetrated into the infide and
reality of the thing. Locke.
Penetra'tion. n.J'. [penetrationy Fr. from penetrate.]
1. I'he adl of entering into any body.
It Warms
The univerfe, and to each inward part
With gentle penetration though unfeen
Shoots invifible virtue even to the deep. Milton's Par. Lojl.
2. Mental entrance into any thing abflrufe.
A penetration into the abflrufe difficulties and depths of mo¬
dern algebra and fluxions, is not worth the labour of thofe
who defign either of the three learned profeffions. Watts.
3. Acutenel's ; fagacity.
The proudeft admirer of his own parts might confult with
others, though of inferior capacity and penetration. Watts.
Penetrative, adj. [frompenetrate.]
1. Piercing ; fharp ; fubtile.
Let not air be too grofs, nor toopenetrative) nor fubjecl to
any foggy noifomenefs from fens. Wotton.
2. Acute ; lagacious; difeerning.
O thou, whofe penetrative wifdom found
The fouth fea rocks and fhelves, where thoufands drown’d.
Swift’s Mifcellanies.
3. Having the power to imprefs the mind.
Would'll thou fee
Thy mailer thus with pleacht arms, bending down
His corrigible neck, his face fubdu’d
To penetrative fhame. Shakefpeare.
Pe'netrativeness. n.J'. [frompenetrative.] The quality of
being penetrative.
Penguin, n.f. [anfer magellanicuS) Latin.]
1.A bird. This bird was found with this name, as is fuppofed, by the firfl difeoverers of America ; and penguin lignifying in Welfh a white head, and the head of this fowl being
white, it has been imagined, that America was peopled from
Wales ; whence Hudibras :
Britifh Indians nam’d from penguins.
Grevj gives another account of the name, deriving it from
pinguis) Lat.fat; but is, I believe, miltaken.
The penguin is fo called from his extraordinary fatnefs :
for though he be no higher than a large goofe, yet he weighs
fometimes fixteen pounds : his wings are extreme fhort and
little, altogether unufeful for flight, but by the help whereof
he fwims very fwiftly. Crew’s Mufasum.
The penguin is very common in the Weft Indies, where
the juice of its fruit is often put into punch, being of a fharp
acid flavour : there is alfo a wine made of the juice of this
fruit, but it will not keep good long. Miller.
PENINSULA. n.f. [Lat. pene injula; pemnjule, k r.J A
piece of land almofl furrounded by the fea, but joined ry a
narrow neck to the main.
Afide of Milbrook lieth the peninfula of Infwork, on whole
neckland flandeth an ancient houf'e. Caret*.
Peni'nsulated. adj. [from peninfula.] Almofl furrounded
by water.
PE'NITENCE. n.f. [penitence, Fr. paenitentia, Lat.] Repen¬
tance ; forrow for crimes ; contrition for fin, with amend¬
ments of life or change of the affedlions.
Death is deferr’d, and penitence has room
To mitigate, if not reverfe the doom. Dryden:
May penitence fly round thy mournful bed,
And wing thy latefl prayer to pitying heav’n. Irene.
PE'NITENT. adj. [penitent) Fr. pcenitens, Lat.] Repentant;
contrite for fin; forrowful for paft tranfgreffions, and refolutcly amending life.
Much it joys me
To fee you become fo penitent. Shakefpeare.
Give me
The penitent inflrument to pick that bolt. Shakefpeare.
Nor in the land of their captivity
Humbled themfelves, orpenitent befought
The God of their forefathers. Milton's Par. Regain'd.
Provoking God to raife them enemies;
From whom as oft he faves them penitent. Milton.
The proud he tam’d, the penitent he cheer’d,
Nor to rebuke the rich offender fear’d.
His preaching much, but more his praCtice wrought
A living fermon of the truths he taught. Dryden.
Pe'nitent. n.f.
1. One forrowful for fin.
Concealed treafures fhall be brought into ufe by the induftry of converted penitents, whofe carcafes the impartial
laws fhall dedicate to the worms of the earth. Bacon.
The repentance, which is formed by a grateful fenfe of the
divine goodnefs towards him, is refolved on while all the ap¬
petites are in their ftrength : the penitent conquers the tempta¬
tions of fin in their full force. Rogers’s Sermons.
2. One under cenfures of the church, but admitted to pennance.
The counterfeit Dionyfius deferibes the pradlice of the
church, that the catechumens and penitents were admitted to
the leflons and pfalms, and then excluded. Stillingfeet.
3. One under the direction of a confeflor.
PeniteNtial. adj. [from penitence.] Expreffing penitence ;
enjoined as pennance.
I have done pennance for contemning love,
Whofe high imperious thoughts have punifh’d me
With bitter falls and penitential groans. Shakefpeare.
Is it not ftrange, that a rational man fhould adore leeks
and garlick, and fhed penitentialtears at the fmell of a deified
onion l South’s Sermons.
Penite'ntial. n.f. [penitenciel, Fr. paenitentiale, low Latin.]
A book directing the degrees of pennance.
The penitentials or book of pennance contained fuch mat¬
ters as related to the impofing of pennance, and the reconci¬
liation of the perfon that fuffered pennance. Ayliffe.
Penitentiary. n. f. [penitencier, Fr. paenitentiarius, low
Latin.]
1. One who preferibes the rules and meafures of pennance.
Upon the lofs of Urbin, the duke’s undoubted right, no
penitentiary, though he had enjoined him never lb ftraight pen¬
nance to expiate his firft offence, would have counfelled him
to have given over purfuit of his right, which he profperoufly
re-obtained. Bacon.
The great penitentiary with his counfellors preferibes the
meafure of pennance. Ayliffe s Parergon,
2. A penitent; one who does pennance.
A prifon reftrained John Northampton’s liberty, who, for
abufing the fame in his unruly mayoralty of London, was
condemned hither as a perpetual penitentiary. Carew.
To maintain a painful fight againft the law of fin, is the
work of the penitentiary. Hammond.
3. I'he place where pennance is enjoined. Ainfvorth.
Pe'nitently. adv. frompenitent.'] With repentance ; with
forrow for fin ; with contrition.
Penknife, n.f. [pen and knife.] A knife ufed to cut pens.
Some fchoolmen, fitter to guide penknives than fwords, precifely Hand upon it. Bacon,
Pe'nman. n.f. [pen and man.]
1. One who profeffes the a£t of writing.
2. An author; a writer.
The four evangelifts, within fifty years after our Saviour’s
death, configned to writing that hiftory, which had been publifhed only by the apoftles and difciples : the further confideration of thefe hoiy penmen will fall under another part of this
difeourfe. Addifon on the Cbriflian Religion.
The descriptions which the evangelifts give, Ihew that both
our bleffed Lord and the holy penmen of his flory were deeply
affeCted. Afterbury.
Pe'nnached, adj. [pennache, Fr.] Is only applied -to flowers
when the ground of the natural colour of their leaves is ra¬
diated and diverfified neatly without any confufion.
Trevoux.
Carefully proteCt from violent rain your pennached tulips,
covering them with matrafles, Evelyn.
Pennant.
PEN
PlNNANT. it. f. [pennon, Fr.]
1. A finall flag, enfign or colours:
2. A tackle for hoifting things on board. Ainfworth.
Pennated. aclj. [pennatus, Latin.]
1. Winged.
2. Pennated, amongft botanifls, are thofe leaves of plants as
grow diredtly one againft another on the lame rib or ftalk ; as
thofe of afh aild walnut-tree. Quincy.
Pe'nner. n.f. [frompen.]
1. A writer.
2. A pencafe. AinJ. So it is called in Scotland.
Penni'less. adj. [from penny.] Moneylefs : poor; wanting
money.
Pe'nnon. n.f. [pennon, Fr.] A fmall flag or colour.
Her yellow locks crifped like golden wire,
About her fhoulders weren loofeiy fhed,
And when the wind amongft them did infpire,
They waved like a pennon wide dilpred. Fairy Queen.
Harry fweeps through our land
With pennons painted in the blood of Harfleur. Sbakefp.
High on his pointed lance his pennonboxe.
His Cretan fight, the conquer’d Minotaur. Dryden.
PE'NNY. n.f. plural pence. [pem5, Saxon.]
1. A fmall coin, of which twelve make a fhilling : a penny is
the radical denomination from wh. h English coin is numbered,
the copper halfpence and farthings being only nummorumfa¬
muli, a fubordinate fpecies of coin.
She fighs and {hakes her empty lhoes in vain,
No {\\vex penny to reward her pain. Dryden.
One frugal on his birth-day fears to dine*
Does at a penny's coft in herbs repine. Dryden.
2. Proverbially. A fmall fum.
You fhall hear
The legions, now in Gallia, fooner landed
In our not fearing Britain, than have tidings
Of any penny tribute paid. Shakefpear's Cymbeline.
We will not lend thee a penny. Shakefpeare.
Becaufe there is a latitude of gain in buying and felling,
take not the utmoft penny that is lawful, for although it be
lawful, yet it is not fafe. • Taylor's Living Holy.
3. Money in general.
Pepper and Sabean incenfe take 3
And with poft-hafte thy running markets make 5
Be fureto turn the penny. Dryden.
It may be a contrivance of fome printer, who hath a mind
to make a penny. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
Pennyroyal, or pudding grafs. n.f. [pulegium, Lat.]
Pennyroyal hath a labiated flower confifting of one leaf,
whofe upper lip or creft is entire, but the lower lip or beard
is divided into three parts 3 out of the flower cup rifes the
pointal attended by four embryos, which afterwards become
fo many feeds: to which may be added, that the flowers grow
in fhort thick whorles. Miller.
PEnnyweight. n.f. [penny’ and weight.] A weight contain¬
ing twenty-four grains troy weight.
The Sevil piece of Eight is 1 { pennyweight in the pound
worfe than the Englifti ftandard, weighs fourteen pennyweight,
contains thirteen pennyweight, twenty-one grains and fifteen
mites, of which there are twenty in the grain of fterling
filver, and is in value forty-three Englifh pence and eleven
hundredths of a penny. Arhuthnot on Coins.
Pe'nnywise. adj. [penny and wife.] One who faves fmall
fums at the hazard of larger3 one who is a niggard on
improper occafions.
Be not pennywife 3 riches have wings and fly away of themfelves. Bacon.
Pennyworth; n.f. [penny and. worth.]
1. As much as is bought for a penny.
2. Any purchafe 3 any thing bought or fold for money.
As for corn it is nothing natural, fave only for barley and
oats, and fome places for rye 3 and therefore the larger penny¬
worths may be allowed to them. Spenfer on Ireland.
Pirates may make cheap penn’worths of their pillage,
And purchafe friends. Shakefpeare’s Henry VI.
You know I fay nothing to him, for he hath neither
Latin, French nor Italian, and you may come into court,
and fwear that I have a poor pennyworth of the Englifti.
Shakefpeare.
Lucian affirms, that the fouls of ufurers after their death
are tranflated into the bodies of afles, and there remain cer¬
tain days for poor men to take their pennyworths out of their
bones and fides by cudgel and fpur. Peacham.
Though inpurchafcs of church lands men have ufually the
cheapeft pennyworths, yet they have not always the beft bar¬
gains. South’s Sermons.
3. Something advantagcoufly bought 3 a purchafe got for lefs
than it is worth.
p or fame he pray’d, but let the event declare
He had no mighty penn’worth of his pray’r. Dryden.
4. A fmall quantity.
My friendlhip I diftribute in pennyworths to thofe about me
and who difpleafe me leaft. Swift.
8
PEN
PPENSILE, adj. [penfilis, Latin.]
1. Hanging 3 fufpended.
There arc two trepidations3 the one manifeft and local, as of
the bell when it is penjile 3 the other, fecretof the minute parts.
This ethereal fpace,
Yielding to earth and fea the middle place,
Anxious I afk you, how the penfile ball
Should never ftrive to rife, nor never fear to fall. Prior.
2. Supported above the ground.
The marble brought, eredfs the fpacious dome.
Or forms the pillars long-extended rows,
On which the planted grove andpenfile garden grows. Prior.
Pe'nsileness. n.J. [from, penfile.] The ftate of hanging.
PE'NSION. n.f. [penfion, Fr.] An allowance made to any
one without an equivalent. In England it is generally underftood to mean pay given to a ftate hireling for treafon to his
country.
A charity beftowed on the education of her young fubjedls
has more merit than a thoufand penfions to thofe of a higher
fortune. Addifon’s Guardian, Nw 105.
He has liv’d with the great without flattery, and been a
friend to men in power without penfions. Pope.
To Pe nsion, v. a. [from the noun.] To fupport by an arbi¬
trary allowance. _
One might expeft to fee medals of France in the highelt
perfection, when there is a lociety penfioned and fet apart
for the defigning of them. Addijon on Ancient Medals.
The hero William and the martyr Charles,
One knighted Blackmore, and one penfion’d Quarles. Pope.
Pe'nsionary. adj. [penfonnaire, French.] Maintained by
penfions.
Scorn his houftiold policies,
His filly plots and penfionary fpies. Donne.
They were devoted by penfionary obligations to the olive.
Howel’s Vical Foref.
Pe'nsioner. n.f. [from penfion.]
1. One who is iupported by an allowance paid at the will of
another5 a dependant.
Prices of things neceflary for fuftentation, grew exceflive
to the hurt of penfioners, foldiers, and all hired fervants. Camd.
Hovering dreams,
The fickle penfioners of Morpheus’ train. Milton*
The redtor is maintained by the perquifites of the curate’s
office, and therefore is a kind of penfioncr to him* Collier.
2. A Have of ftate hired by a ftipend to obey his mafter.
In Britain’s fenate he a feat obtains,
And one more penfioncr St. Stephen gains. Pope*
PE'NSIVE. adj. [penfif, French 3 penfivo, Italian.]
1. Sorrowfully thoughtful 3 forrowfuH mournfully ferious 3 me¬
lancholy.
Think it ftill a good work, which they in theirpenfive care
for the well bellowing of time account wafte. Hooker.
Are you at leifure, holy father,—
—My leifure ferves me, penfive daughter, now. Shahefp.
Anxious cares the penfive nymph oppreft,
And fecret paflions labour’d in her breaft. Pope.
2. It is generally and properly ufed of perfons 3 but Prior has
applied it to things.
We at the fad approach of death fliall know J
The truth, which from thefe penfive numbers flow, >
That we purfue falfe joy, and fuffer real woe. Prior. 3
Pe'nsively. adv. [frompenfive.] With melancholy 3 forrowfully 3 with gloomy ferioufnefs.
So fair a lady did I fpy,
On herbs and flowers (he walked penfively
Mild, but yet love {he proudly did forfake. Spenfer.
Pe'nsiveness. n.f. [from penfive.] Melancholy 3 forrowfulnefs 3 gloomy ferioufnefs.
Concerning the blelfings of God, whether they tend unto
this life or the life to come, there is great caufe why we
fliould delight more in giving thanks than in making requefts
for them, inafmuch as the one hath penfivenefs and fear, the
other always joy annexed. Hooker, b. v. f. 43.
Would’ft thou unlock the door
To cold defpairs and gnawing penfivenefs. * Herbert.
Pent. part. palf. of pen. Shut up.
Cut my lace alunder,
That my pent heart may have fome fcope to beat. Shakefp.
The fon of Clarence have I pent up clofe. Shakefpeare.
Pent to linger
But with a grain a day, I wouid not buy
Their mercy. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
Their armour help’d their harm, crufti’d in, and bruis’d
Into their fubftance pent. Milton.
The foul pure fire, like ours, of equal force j
But pent in flefti, muft iffite by difeourfe. Dryden.
Pent up in Utica he vainly forms .
A poor epitome of Roman greatnefs. Adaifon s Ca.o.
Pentacapsular. adj. [nivlc and capfular.] Having five
cavities. . ,
Pe'ntachord. adj. [ttevI? and ^;ooJ».] An inftrument with
five firings.
Pe'ntaedrous.
PEN PEP
Pentae'drous. adj. [irtvlt and Having five Tides.
The pentaedrous columnar coralloid bodies are compofed of
plates fet lengthways, and puffing from the furface to the
ax{s Woodward on FoffIs.
PENTAGON. «. f [pentagon, Fr. ttivIc and ym'tx.] A
figure with five angles.
I know of that famous piece at Capralora, call by Baroccio
into the form of a pentagon with a circle infcribed. Wotton.
Pentagonal, adj. [frompentagon.] Quinquangular; having
five angles.
The body being cut tranfverfely, its furface appears like a
net made up of pentagonal mafhes, with a pentagonal ftar in
each mafh. Woodward on Fojjlls.
Penta'meter. n.f [pentametre, Fr. pentametrum, Lat.j A
Latin verfe of five feet.
Mr. Diftich may poffibly play fome pentameters upon us,
but he fhall be anfwered in Alexandrines. Addifon.
Penta ngular, adj. [zrtvle and angular.] Five cornered.
His thick and bony feales Hand in rows, fo as to make
the fiefn almoft pentangular. Grew.
Pentape'talous. adj. [vlvls and petala, Lat.] Having five
petals.
Pe'ntaspast. adj. [pcntafpajle, Fr. orevU and (pret'oo.] An
engine with five pullies. Difi.
PentaVpick. n.f. [vivls and fi;£(§p.] A compofition con¬
fiding of fiveverfes.
Pe'ntastyle. n.f. [irivlt and £VuA(gp.] In architecture, a
work in which are five rows of columns. Diet.
Pe'ntateuch. n.f. \_7rivli and tvoyoz ; pentateuque, Fr.] The
five books of Mofes.
The author in the enfuing part of the pentateuch makes not
unfrequent mention of the angels. Bentley.
PE'NTECOST. n.f. [irtvlsxofri ; pcntacojle, Fr.] A feaffc
among the Jews.
Pentecoft fignifies the fiftieth, becaufe this feaft was cele¬
brated the fiftieth day after the fixteenth of Nifan, which was
the fecond day of the feaft of the paflover : the Hebrews call
it the feaft of weeks, becaufe it was kept feven weeks after the
paflover : they then offered the firft fruits of the wheat harveft,
which then was completed : it was inftituted to oblige the
ifraelites to repair'to the temple, there fo acknowledge the
Lcru s dominion, and alfo to render thanks to God for the
law he had given them from mount Sinai, on the fiftieth day
after their coming out of Egypt. Calmet.
’Tis iince the nuptial of Lucentio,
Come pentecojl as quickly as it will
Some five and twenty years. Shakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
Penteco stal. adj. [from pentecojl.] Belonging to Whitfuntide.
I have compofed fundry collects, made up out of the
church collects with fome little variation; as the collects adventual, quadragefimal, pafchal or pentecojlal. Sanderfon.
Pe'nthouse. n. J. [pent, from pente, Fr. and houfe.] A fhed
hanging out aflope from the main wall.
This is the penthoufe under which Lorenzo delir’d us to
make a Hand. Shakefpeare’s Merchant of Venice.
Sleep fhall neither night nor day
Hang upon his penthoufe lid. Shakefpeare.
The Turks lurking under their penthoufe, laboured with
mattocks to dig up the foundation of the wall. Knolles.
A blow was received by riding under a penthoufe. Wifeman.
Thofe defenfive engines, made by the Romans into the
form of penthoufes to cover the affailants from the weapons of
the befieged, would he prefently batter in pieces with ftones
and blocks. Wilkins.
My penthoufe eye-brows and my fhaggy beard
Offend your light ; but thefe are manly figns. Dryden.
The chill rain
Drops from fome penthoufe on her wretched head.
Rowe.
Pe'ntice. n. f [appentir, French; pendice, Italian. It is
commonly fuppofed a corruption of penthoufe ; but perhaps
pentice is the true word.] A Hoping roof.
Climes that fear the falling and lying of much fnow, ought
to provide more inclining pentices. Wotton.
Pe'ntile. n. f. [pent and tile.] A tile formed to cover the
Hoping part of the roof.
Pentiles are thirteen inches long, with a button to hang on
thd laths ; they are hollow and circular. Moxon.
Pent up. part, adj. [pent, from pen and up.] Shut up.
Clofe pentup guilts
Rive your concealing continents. Shakefp. K. Lear.
PENU'LTIMA. n.f. [Latin.] The laft fyllable but one.
Penumbra, n.f. [pens and umbra, Latin.] An imperfect
fhadow.
The breadth of this image anfwered to the fun’s diameter,
and was about two inches and the eighth part of an inch,
including the penumbra.
Penu'rious. adj. [from penuria, Latin.]
i.Niggardly; fparing; not liberal ; fordidly mean.
What more can our penurious reafon grant
To the large whale or caftled elephant,
Newton.
Priitor.
2.Scant; not plentiful.
Some penurious fpring by chance appear’d
Scanty of water. Addifon.
Penu'riously. adv. [from penurious.] Sparingly; not plen¬
tifully.
Penu'riousness. n.f. [from penurious.] Niggardlinefs ; parfimonv.
If we confider the infinite induftry and penurioufnefs of that
people, it is no wonder that, notwithftanding they furnilh as
great taxes as their neighbours, they make a better figure.
Addifon on the State of the War.
PE'NURY. n.f. [penuria, Lat.] Poverty; indigence.
The penury of the ecclefiaftical eftate. Hooker.
Who can perfectly declare
The wondrous cradle of thy infancy ?
When thy great mother Venus firft thee bare.
Begot of plenty and of penury. Spenfer.
Sometimes am I king ;
Then treafon makes me wifh myfelf a beggar ;
And fo I am : then crufhing penury
Perfuades me, I was better when a king;
Then I am king’d again. Shakefp. Richard III.
All innocent they were expofed to hardfhip and penury,
which, without you, they could never have efcaped. Sprat.
Let them not ftill be obftinately blind.
Still to divert the good defign’d,
Or with malignant penury
To ftarvethe royal virtues of his mind. Dryden.
May they not juftly to our climes upbraid
Shortnefs of night, and penury of fhade. Prior.
Pe'ony. n.f. [pesonia, Latin.]
Vhe peony hath a flower compofed of feveral leaves, which
are placed orbicularly, and expand in form of a rofe, out of
whofe empalement rifes the pointal, which afterwards be¬
comes a fruit, in which feveral little horns bent downwards
are gathered, as it were, into a little head covered with down
opening lengthways, containing many globular feeds. Miller.
A phylician had often tried the peony root unfeafonably
gathered without fuccefs; but having gathered it when the
decreafing moon pafles under Aries and tied the Hit root about
the necks of his patients, he had freed more than one from
epileptical fits. Boyle.
Pe'ople. n.f. [peuple, Fr. populus, Lat.]
1. A nation; thefe who compofe a community.
Prophefy again before many peoples and nations and
tongues. Revelations x. u.
Ants are a people not ftrong, yet they prepare their meat in
fummer. Proverbs xxx. 25.
What is the city but the people P
True the people are the city. Shakefp, Coriolanus.
2. The vulgar.
The knowing artift may
Judge better than the people, but a play
Made for delight,
If you approve it not, has no excufe. Waller.
3. The commonalty ; not the princes or nobles.
4. Perfons of a particular clafs.
If a man temper his actions to content every combination
of people, the mufick will be the fuller. Bacon.
A fmall red flower in the ftubble fields country people call
the wincopipe. Bacon.
5. Men, or perfons in general. In this fenfe, the word people
is ufed indefinitely, like ou in French.
The frogs petitioning for a king, bids people have a care of
ftruggling with heaven. L'Ffrange.
People were tempted to lend by great premiums and large
intereft. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
Watery liquor will keep an animal from ftarving by di¬
luting the fluids; for people have lived twenty-four days uport
nothing but water. Arbuihnot on Aliments.
People in adverfityfhould preferve laudable cuftoms. Clarijfa.
To Peo ple. v. a. [peupler, French.] To ftock with inha¬
bitants.
Suppofe that Brute, or whofoever elfe that firft peopled this
ifland, had arrived upon Thames, and called the ifland after
his name Britannia. Raleigh’s Hijlory of the World.
He would not be alone, who all things can;
But peopled Heav’n with angels, earth with man. Dryden.
Beauty a monarch is,
Which kingly power magnificently proves
By crouds of Haves, and peopled empire loves. Dryden.
A peopl'd city made a defert place. Dryden.
Imperious death directs his ebon lance ;
Peoples great Henry’s tombs, and leads up Holben’s dance.
/ Prior.
Pe'pasticks. n.f. [-rwrouvu.] Medicines which are good to
help the rawnefs of the ftomach and digeft crudities. ° Didl.
Pepper, n.f. [piper, Lat. poivre, Fr.]
We have three kinds of pepper; the black, the tfhite, and
the long, which are three different fruits produced by three
diftinct plants ; black pepper is a dried fruit of the uze of a
vetch and roundifh, but rather of a deep brown than a black
19 L colour:
P E R
colour : with this we are fupplied by the Dutch from their Eaft
Indian fettlements inJava, Malabar and Sumatra, and the plant
has the fame heat and fiery tafte that we find in the pepper :
whitepepper is commonly factitious, and prepared from the black
by taking off the outer bark, but there is a rarer fort, which
is a genuine fruit naturally white : long pepper is a fruit ga¬
thered while unripe and dried, of an inch or an inch and halt
in length, and of the thicknefs of a large goofe quill*. it
much refembles the catkins of fome of our trees, and contains
feveral feeds fingly in fmall membranaceous cells, and thefe
feeds are of an acrid, hot and bitterifh tafte : the whole fruit
is of a brownifh grey colour and cylindrick in its figure. Hill.
Scatter o’er the blooms the pungent duft
Ofpepper, fatal to the frofty tribe. Thomfon's Spring.
To P'epper. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fprinkle with pepper.
2. To beat; to mangle with (hot or blows.
I have peppered two of them ; two I have paid, two rogues
in buckram iuits. ShakeJp. Henry IV.
Pepperbox, n.f [pepper and box.] A box for holding pepper.
I will not take the leacher; he cannot creep into a half¬
penny purfe nor into a pepperbox. Shakejp.
Pe'ppercorn. n.f. [pepper and corn.] Any thing of inconfiderable value.
Our performances, though dues, are like thofe peppercorns
which freeholders pay their landlord to acknowledge that they
hold all from him. Boyle.
Folks from mud-wall’d tenement
Bring landlords peppercorn for rent. Prior.
Pe'ppermint. n.f. [pepper and mint.] Mint eminently hot.
Pe'pperwort. n.f. [pepper and wort.] A plant.
Pepperwort hath a flower conftfting of four leaves, which
are placed in form of a crofs, from whofe cup arifes the piftillum, which afterward becomes a fpear-fhaped fruit, which .
is divided in the middle by a partition into two cells, which
contain many oblong feeds. Miller.
Pe'ptick. adj. [7r£7flixo?.] What helps digeftion. Ainf.
Pera'cute. n.f. [peracutus, Lat.] Very lharp; very violent.
Malign, continual peraente fevers, after moft dangerous at¬
tacks, fuddenly remit of the ardent heat. Harvey.
Peradve'nture. adv. [par adventure, Fr.]
1. Perhaps; maybe; by chance.
That wherein they might not be like unto either, was fuch
peradventure as had been no whit lefs unlawful. Hooker.
As you return, vifit my houfe ; let our old acquaintance be
renew’d ; peradventure I will with you to court. Shakef.
What peradventure may appear very full to me, may ap¬
pear very crude and maimed to a ftranger. Digby.
2. Doubt; queftion. It is fometimes ufed as a noun, but not
gracefully nor properly.
Though men’s perfons ought not to be hated, yet without
all peradventure their practices juftly may. South.
To PERA'GRATE. v. a. [peragro., Lat. ] To wander over;
to ramble through. Dili.
Peragration. n.f. [from peragrate.] The a£t of palling
through any ftate or fpace.
A month of peragration is the time of the moon’s revolu¬
tion from any part of the zodiac unto the fame again, and
this containeth but twenty-feven days and eight hours. Brown.
The moon has two accounts which are her months or
years of revolution ; one her periodic month, or month of
peragration, which chiefly refpefts her own proper motion or
place in the zodiack, by which fhe like the fun performs her
revolution round the zodiack from any one point to the fame
aga[n[ Holder on Time.
ToiTRA'MBULATE. v. a. [perambulo, Lat.]
1. To walk through.
2. To furvey, by palling through.
Perfons the lord deputy fliould nominate to view and per¬
ambulate Irifh territories, and thereupon to divide and limit the
fame. Davies on Ireland.
Perambula'tion. n.f [from perambulate.]
1. The a<ft of palling through or wandering over.
The duke looked ftill for the coming back of the Armada,
even when they were wandering and making their perambula¬
tion of the northern feas. Bacon.
2. A travelling furvey.
France is a fquare of five hundred and fifty miles traverfe,
thronging with fuch multitudes, that the general calcul, made
in the laft peratnbulation exceeded eighteen millions. Howel.
Pe'rcase, adv. [par and cafe.] Perchance ; perhaps. Not ufed.
A virtuous man will be virtuous in folitudine, and not only
in theatro, though percafe it will be more ftrong by glory and
fame, as an heat which is doubled by reflexion. Bacon.
Pe'rceant. adj. [perpant, Fr.] Piercing; penetrating.
Wond’rous quick and perceant was his fpright
As eagle’s eyes, that can behold the fun. Fairy ghteen.
Perceivable, adj. [from perceive.] Perceptible; fuch as
falls under perception.
The body, though it really moves, yet not changing per¬
ceivable diftance with iome other bodies, as fall as the ideas of
our own minds will follow one another, feems to ftand ftill; as
the hands of clocks. Locke.
PER
That which we perceive when we fee figure, as perceivable
by fight, is nothing but the termination of colour. Locke.
Percei'vabi.y. adv. [from perceivable.] . In fuch a manner as
may be be obferved or known.
To PERCEI VE, v.a. [percipio, Lat.]
1. To difeover by fome fenfible effects.
Confider,
When you above perceive me like a Crow,
That it is place which ieffens and fets off. Shakefp.
2. To know; toobferve.
Jefus perceived in his fpirit, that they fo reafoned within
themfelves. ALark ii. 8.
His fons come to honour, and he knoweth it not; and they
are brought low, but he perceiveth it not. Job xiv. 21.
’Till we ourfelves fee it with our own eyes, and perceive it
by our own underftandings, we are ftill in the dark. Locke.
How do they come to know that themfelves think, when
they themfelves do not perceive it. Locke.
3. To be affedted by.
The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the
matter of tempefts before the air here below. Bacon.
Perceptibility, n.f. [from perceptible.]
1. The ftate of being an object of the fenles or mind ; the ftate
of being perceptible.
2. Perception ; the power of perceiving.
The illumination is not fo bright and fulgent, as to oblcure
or extinguifh all perceptibility of the reafon. More.
PERCE PTIBLE, adj. [perceptible, Fr. perceptus. Lat.] Such
as may be known or obferved.
No found is produced but with a perceptible blaft of the air,
and with fome reliftance of the air ftrucken. Bacon.
When I think, remember or abftract; thefe intrinfick ope¬
rations of my mind are not perceptible by my fight, hearing,
tafte, fmell or feeling. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
It perceives them immediately, as being immediately ob¬
jected to and perceptible to the fenfe ; as I perceive the fun by
my fight. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
In the anatomy of the mind, as in that of the body, more
good will accrue to mankind by attending to the large, open
and perceptible parts, than by ftudying too much finer nerves.
” Pope's Effay on Man.
Perce'ptibly. adv. [from perceptible.] In fuch a manner as
may be perceived.
The woman decays perceptibly every week. Pope.
Perception, n.f. [perception, Fr. percepiio, Lat.]
1. The power of perceiving; knowledge ; confeioufnefs.
Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not confcious of
its own exiftence. Bentley's Sermons.
Perception is that adt of the mind, or rather a paffion or
impreffion, whereby the mind becomes confcious of any thing ;
as when I feel hunger, thirft, cold or heat. IVatts.
2. The adt of perceiving ; obfervation.
3. Notion ; idea.
By the inventors, and their followers that would feem not
to come too fhort of the perceptions of the leaders, they are
magnified. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
4. The ftate of being affedted by fomething.
Great mountains have a perception of the difpofition of the
air to tempefts fooner than the vallies below; and therefore
they fay in Wales, when certain hills have their night caps
on, they mean mifehief. Bacon.
This experiment difeovereth perception in plants to move
towards that which fhould comfort them, though at a di¬
ftance. Bacon’s Natural Hijiory.
PERCE'PTIVE. adj. [perceptus, Lat.] Having the power of
perceiving.
There is a difficulty that pincheth : the foul is awake and
follicited by external motions, for fome of them reach the
perceptive region in the moft filent repofe and obfeurity of
night: what is it then that prevents our fenfations ? Glanvil.
Whatever the leaft real point of the effence of the percep¬
tive part of the foul does perceive, every real point of the
perceptive muft perceive at once. More’s Divine Dialogues.
Percepti'vitY; n.f [fromperceptive.] The power of per¬
ception or thinking. Locke.
Perch, n.f. [pcrca, Lat. perche, Fr.]
The perch is one of the fifties of prey, that, like the pike
and trout, carries his teeth in his mouth, he dare venture to
kill and deftroy feveral other kinds of fifti: he has a hooked
or hog back, which is armed with ftifFbriftles, and all his
fkin armed with thick hard feales, and hath two fins on his
back: he fpawns but once a year, and is held very nutri¬
tive. IFAton’s Angler.
Perch, n.f [pertica, Lat. perche, Fr.]
1. A meafure of five yards and a half; a pole.
2. [perche, Fr.] Something on which birds rooft or fit.
For the narrow perch I cannot ride. Dryden.
To Perch, v. n. [percher, Fr. from the noun.] To fit or
rooft as a bird.
He percheth on fome branch thereby.
To weather him and his moift wings to drv. Spenfer.
The
PER
The world is grown lb bad.
That wrens make prey, where eagles dare not perch. Shah.
The morning mufes perch like birds, and Ting
Among his branches. Crajhaw.
Let owls keep clofe within the tree, and not perch upon
the upper boughs. South's Sermons.
They wing’d their flight aloft, then Hooping low.
Perch'd on the4double tree, that bears thegolden bough. Dry.
Glory like the trembling eagle Hood
Perch'd on my beaver: in the Granic flood,
When fortune’s felf my ftandard trembling bore,
And the pale fates Hood frighted on the fhore. Lee.
Holts of birds that wing the liquid air.
Perch'd in the boughs, had nightly lodging there. Dryden.
To Perch, v. a. To place on a perch.
It would be notorioufiy perceptible, if you could perch
yourfelf as a bird on the top of fome high lteeple. More.
As evening dragon came,
Affailant on the perched roolts,
And nelts in order rang’d
Of fome villatic fowl. Milton's Agonijles.
Perchance, adv. [per and chance.] Perhaps; peradventure.
How long within this wood intend you Itay ?—
—Perchance till after Thefeus’ wedding day. Shakefp.
Finding him by nature little ftudious, Ihe chufe rather to
endue him with ornaments of youth ; as dancing and fenc¬
ing, not without aim thenperchance at a courtier’s life. Wotton.
Only Smithfield ballad perchance to embalm the memory
of the other. L'Ejlrange.
Pe'rchers. n. f. Paris candles ufed in England in ancient
times ; alio the larger fort of wax candles, which were ufually fet upon the altar. Bailey.
Perci'pient. adj. [percipietis, Lat.J Perceiving; having the
power of perception.
No article of religion hath credibility enough for them ;
and yet thefe cautious and quickfighted gentlemen can wink
and fwallow down this fottifh opinion about percipient atoms.
Bentley's Sermons.
Senfation and perception are not inherent in matter as luch ;
for if it were fo, every ftock or ftone would be a percipient
and rational creature. Bentley's Sermons.
Pe'rcipient. n.f. One that has the power of perceiving.
The foul is the foie percipient, which hath animadverfion
and fenfe properly fo called, and the body is only the re¬
ceiver of corporeal impreflions. Glanville's Scept.
Nothing in the extended percipient perceives the whole,
but only part. More's Diving Dialogues.
Perclose. n.f [per and clofe.] Conclufioh; laft part.
By the perclofe of the fame verfe, vagabond is underftood
for fuch an one as travelleth in fear of revengement. Raleigh.
To PE’RCOLAl E. v. a. [percolo, Lat.J To (train.
The evidences of fa<St are percolated through a vaft period
of ages. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Percola'tion. n.f [from percolate.] The adt of (training ;
purification or feparation by (training.
Experiments touching the (training and pafling of bodies
one through another, they call percolation. Bacon.
Water pafling through the veins of the earth is rendered
frelh and potable, which it cannot be by any percolations we
can make, but the faline particles will pafs through a tenfold
filtre. Ray on the Creation.
To Percu'ss. v. a. [percuffus, Lat.J To (trike.
Flame percuffed by air giveth a noife ; as in blowing of the
fire by bellows; and fo likewife flame percujftng the air
ftrongly Bacons Natural Hiftory.
Percu ssion, n. f. [percujfio, Lat. percujfton, Fr.J
l.Theadtof ftriking ; firoke.
With thy grim looks, and
The thunder-like percujfton of thy founds,
Thou mad’fl thine enemies (hake. Shakefp.
Thepercujfton of the greater quantity of air is produced by
the greatnefs of the body percufling. Bacon.
Some note, that the times when the flroke or percujfton of
an envious eye doth molt hurt are, when the party envied is
beheld in glory. Bacon's EJfays.
The vibrations or tremors excited in the air by percujfton,
continue a little time to move from the place of percujfton in
concentric fpheres to great diftances. Newton's Opticks.
Marbles taught him percujfton and the laws of motion, and
tops the centrifugal motion. Pope and Arbuthnot's Scriblerus.
2.Effedf of found in the ear.
In double rhymes the percujfton is ftronger. Rymer.
Percu'tient. n.f. [penutiens, Latin.] Striking; having the
power to ftrike.
Inequality of founds is accidental, either from theroughnefs
or obliquity of the paflage, or from the doubling of the
percutient. Bacon.
Perdition, n.f. [perditio, Lat. perdition, Fr.J
I. Deftrudlion; ruin; death.
Upon tidings now arrived, importing the meer perdition
of the Turkilh fleet, every man puts himfelf in triumph.
2 Shakefp.
PER
We took ourfelves for free men, feeing there was no dan¬
ger of our utterperdition, and lived moftjoyfully; going abroad,
and feeing what was to be feen. Bacon.
Quick let us part! Perdition's in thy prefence,
And horror dwells about thee ! Addifon's Cato,
2. Lofs.
There’s no foul loft.
Nay not fo much perdition as an hair
Betid to any creature in the veflel
Thou faw’ft fink. Shakefp. Tempejl.
3. Eternal death.
As life and death, mercy and wrath, are matters of
knowledge, all men’s falvation and fome men’s endlefs perdi¬
tion are things fo oppofite, that whoever doth affirm the one,
muft neceffarily deny the other. Hooker, b. v.f 49.
Men once fallen away from undoubted truth, do after wan¬
der for ever more in vices unknown, and daily travel towards
their eternal perdition. Raleigh's Hiftory of the World.
Pfi'RbuE. adv. [This word, which among us is adverbially
taken, comes from the Frenchperdue, or forlorn hope : as per¬
due or advanced centinel..] Clofe; in ambulh.
Few minutes he had lain perdue.
To guard his defp’rate avenue. Hudibras.
Pe'rdulous. adj. [from perdo, Lat.J Loft; thrown away.
There may be lome wandering perdulous wiflhes of known
impoflibilities ; as a man who hath committed an offence, may
wi(h he had not committed it: but to chufe efficacioufly and
impoflibly, is as impolfible as an impoflibility. Bramhall.
Pe'rdurable. adj. [perdurable, Fr. perduro, Lat.J Lad¬
ing ; long continued. A word not in ufe, nor accented ac¬
cording to analogy.
Confefs me knit to thy deferving with
Cables of perdurable toughnefs. Shakefp. Othello.
O perdurable (hame ; let’s flab ourfelves. ShakeJ'p.
Pe RDURABLY. cidv. [from perdurable.J Laftingly.
Why would he for the momentary trick,
Be perdurably fin’d ? Shakejp. Meajurefor Meafure.
Perduration. n. f. [perduro, Lat.J Long continuance. Ainf.
PERE GAL. adj. [French.J Equal. Obfoiete.
Whilom thou waft peregal to the beft.
And wont to make the jolly (hepherds glad ;
With piping and dancing, did pafs the reft. Spenfer.
To Pe'regrinate. v.n. [peregrinus, Lat.J To travel; to
live ih foreign countries. Dift.
Peregrination, n. f. [from peregrinus, Lat.J Travel;
abode in foreign countries.
It was agreed between them, what account he (hould give
of his peregrination abroad. Bacon's Henry VII.
That we do not contend to have the earth pafs for a paradife, we reckon it only as the land of our peregrination, and
afpire after a better country. Bentley's Sennons.
PE REGRINE, adj. [peregrin, old Fr. peregrinus, Lat.J Fo¬
reign ; not native ; not domeftick.
1 he received opinion, that putrefaction is caufed by cold
or peregrine and preternatural heat, is but nugation. Bacon.
ToPere'mpt. v. a. [perentptus, Lat.J To kill; to cru(h.
A law term.
Nor is it any objection, that the caufe of appeal is perempted
by the defertion of an appeal; becaufe the office of the judge
continues after fuch inftance is perempted. Aylijfe.
Pe'remption. n.f [peremptio, Lat. peremption, Fr.J Cruih ;
extinction. Law term.
This peremption of inftance was introduced in favour of the
publick, left fuits (hould otherwife be rendered perpetual.
Aylijfe's Parergon.
Pere'mptorily. adv. [from peremptory.] Abfolutely ; posi¬
tively ; fo as to cut off all farther debate.
Norfolk denies thorn peremptorily. Daniel.
Not to fpeak peremptorily or conclufively, touching the point
of poflibility, till they have heard me deduce the means of
the execution. Bacon’s Holy War.
Some organs are fo peremptorily neceffary, that the extinguilhment of the fpirits doth fpeedily follow, but yet fo as
there is an interim. _ _ Bacon's Natural Hiftory.
In all conferences it was infilled peremptorily, that the king
muft yield to what power was required. Clarendon.
Some talk of letters before the deluge ; but that is a matter
of mere conjecture, and nothing can be peremptorily deter¬
mined either the one way or the other. Woodward.
Neverjudge peremptorily on firft appearances. Clarijfa.
Pere'mptoriness. n.f [fromperemptory.] Pofitivenefs • abfolute decifion ; dogmatifm.
Peremptorinefs is of two forts ; the one a magifterialnefs in
matters of opinion; the other a pofitivenefs in relating mattercoffiua Government of the fomue.
Self-conceit and peremptormefs ,n a man’s own opinion are
not commonly reputed vices. qr:n *r > o
l-ERE MPTORY. aij [peremptory, loJSpire^Tl,
Ft from peremptm, killed.] Dogmatical; abfolute , fuch
as deftroys all further expoftulation.
As touching the apolile, wherein he was fo refolute and
peremptory, our Lord Jefus Ohrid made qnanifeft unto him,
even
PER PER
even by intuitive revelation, wherein there was no poflibility
of errour. Hooker.
He may have fifty-fix exceptions peremptory againft the ju¬
rors, of which he {hall {hew no caufe. Spenfer.
To-morrow be in readinefs to go;
Excufe it not for I am peremptory. Shakefpeare.
Not death himfelf
In mortal fury is half fo peremptory,
As we to keep this city. Shakefpear’s King John.
Though the text and the do&rine run peremptory and abfolute, whofoever denies Chrift, {hall afluredly be denied by
him ; yet ftill there is a tacit condition, unlefs repentance
intervene: South's Sermons.
The more modeft confefs, that learning was to give us a
fuller difcovery of our ignorance, and to keep us from being
peremptory and dogmatical in our determinations. Collier.
He would never talk in fuch a peremptory and difcouraging manner, were he not allured that he was able to
fubdue the moft powerful oppofition againft the dodlrine which
he taught. Addifon on the ChriJUan Religion.
Pere'nnial. adj. [perennis, Latin.]
1. Lafting through the year.
If the quantity were precifely the fame in thefe perennial
fountains, the difficulty would be greater. Cheyne.
2. Perpetual ; unceafing.
The matter wherewith thefe perennial clouds are raifed, is
the fea that furrounds them. Harvey.
Pere'nnity. n. f. [fromperennitas, Lat.] Equality of lafting
through all feafons ; perpetuity.
That fprings have their origin from the fea, and not from
rains and vapours, I conclude from the perennity of divers
fprings. Derham's Phyfico-Theology.
PE'RFECT. adj. [perfectus, Lat. parfait, Fr.]
1. Complete; confummate ; finifhed ; neither defective nor re¬
dundant.
We count thofe things perfect^ which want nothing requifite for the end, whereto they were inftituted. Hooker.
2. Fully informed ; fully fkilful.
Within a ken our army lies ;
Our men more perfedi in the ufe of arms,
Our armour all as ftrong, our caufe the beft ;
Then reafon wills our hearts {hould be as good. Shakefp.
Fair dame ! I am not to you known,
Though in your ftate of honour I am perfedi. Shakefpeare.
I do not take myfelf to be fo perfedi in the privileges of Bo¬
hemia, as to handle that part; and will not offer at that I
cannot mafter. Bacon.
3. Pure; blamelefs; clear; immaculate. This is a fenfe
chiefly theological.
My parts, my title, and my perfedi foul
Shall manifeft me rightly. Shakefp. Othello.
Thou {halt be perfedi with the Lord thy God. Deutr. xviii.
4. Safe ; Out of danger.
Thou art perfedi then, our {hip hath touch’d upon
The deferts of Bohemia. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
To Pe'rfect. v. a. [yperfeCtus, from perjicio, Latin ; parfairey
French.]
1. To finifli; to complete; to confummate; to bring to its
due ftate.
If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love
\$perfected in us. I John iv. 12.
Beauty now muft perfedi my renown ;
With that I govern’d him that rules this ifle. Waller.
In fubftances, reft not in the ordinary complex idea com¬
monly received, but enquire into the nature and properties of
the things themfelves, and thereby perfedi our ideas of their
diftindl lpecies. Locke.
Endeavour not to fettle too many habits at once, left by
variety you confound them, and fo perfedi none. Locke.
What toil did honeft Curio take
'I'o get one medal wanting yet,
And perfedl .all his Roman fet ? Prior.
2. To make lkilful; to inftrudl fully.
Her caufe and yours
I’ll perfect him withal, and he {hall bring you
Before the duke. Shakefpear's Meafurefor Meafure.
Pe'rfecter. [from pcrfeCt.~\ One that makes perfect.
This pradlice was altered; they offered not to Mercury, but
to Jupiter the perfedier. Pope's OdyJJey.
PERFECTION, n.f [tperfedtio, Lat. perfediion, Fr.]
1. T he ftate of being perfedi.
Man doth feek a triple perfediion; firft a fenfual, confifting
in thofe things which very life itfelf requireth, either as neceflary fupplements or as ornaments thereof; then an intelJedlual, confifting in thofe things which none underneath man
is capable of; laftly, a fpiritual and divine, confifting in thofe
things whereunto wc tend by fupernatural means here, but
cannot here attain. Hooker, h. i.
It is a judgment maim’d and moft impcrfcdt,
That will confefs perfediion fo could err
Againft all rules of nature. Shakefp. Othello.
True virtue being united to the heavenly grace of faith
makes up the higheft perfediion. Milton on Education.
No human underftanding being abfolutely fecurea from
miftake by the perfediion of its own nature, it follows that
no man can be infallible but by fupernatural affiftance. Tillotf.
Many things impoffible to thought,
Have been by need to full perfediion brought. Dryden.
2-. Something that concurs to produce fupreme excellence.
What tongue can her perfections tell,
v In whofe each part all pens may dwell ? Sidney.
You knot of mouth-friends ; fmoke and lukewarm water
Is your perfediion. Shakefp. Timor, cf Athens.
An heroick poem requires, as its laftperfection, theaccompliftiment of fome extraordinary undertaking, which requires
more of the adtive virtue than the fuftering. Dryden.
3.Attribute of God.
If God be infinitely holy, juft and good, he muft take de¬
light in thofe creatures that refemblc him moft in thefe per¬
fections. Atterbury s Sermons.
To Perfe'ctionate. v.a. [perfedlionner, Fr. from perfection.]
To make perfedi ; to advance to perfediion. This is a word
propofed by Dryden, but not received nor worthy of reception.
Painters and fculptors, chufing the moft elegant natural
beauties, perfedtionate the idea, and advance their art above
nature itfelf in her individual produdlions ; the utmoft maftery
. of human performance. Dryden.
He has founded an academy for the progrefs and perfediionating of painting. Dryden.
Perfective, adj. [from perfeCt.~\ Conducing to bring to
perfediion.
Praife and adoration are adtions perfective of our fouls. More.
Eternal life fhall not confift in endlefs love ; the other fa¬
culties {hall be employed in adtions fuitable to, and perfediive
of their natures. Ray on the Creation.
Perfe'ctively. adv. [from perfediive.] In fuch a manner
as brings to perfediion.
As virtue is feated fundamentally in the intelledl, fo perfediively in the fancy ; fo that virtue is the force of reafon in
the condudl of our adlions and paffions to a good end. Grew.
Pe'rfectly. adv. [from perfedi.]
1. In the higheft degree of excellence.
2. Totally; completely.
Chawing little fponges dipt in oil, when perfectly under
water, he could longer fupport the want of refpiration. Boyle.
Words recal to our thoughts thofe ideas only which they
have been wont to be figns of, but cannot introduce any per¬
fectly new and unknown fimple ideas, Locke.
3. ExadUy; accurately.
We know bodies and their properties mofkperfectly. Locke.
Pe'rfectness. n.f. [fromperfedi.]
1. - Completenefs.
2. Goodnefs ; virtue. A fcriptural word.
Put on charity, which is the bond ofperfedtnefs. Col. iii. 14.
3. Skill.
Is this your perfedtnefs ? Shakefp.
PERFPDIOUS. adj. [perfidus, Lat. perfidey Fr.] Treache¬
rous ; falfe to truft ; guilty of violated faith.
Tell me, perfidious, was it fit
To make my cream a perquifite,
And fteal to mend your wages. Widow and Cat.
Perfi diously, adv. [from perfidious.] Treacheroufly; by
breach of faith.
Perfidioufly
He has betray’d your bufinefs, and given up
For certain drops of fait, your city Rome. Shakefp.
They eat perfidioufly their words. Hudibras.
Can he not deliver us pofleffion of fuch places as would put
him in a worfe condition, whenever he jfhould perfidioufly re¬
new the war ? Swift's Mifcellanies.
Perfi'diousness. n. f. [from perfidious.] ’The quality of
being perfidious.
Some things have a natural deformity in them ; as perjury,
perfidioufnefs and ingratitude. Tillotfon's Sermons.
PERFI'DY. n.f. [perfidia, Lat. perfidie, Fr.] Treachery;
want of faith; breach of faith.
Pe rflable. adj. [from perjloy Lat.] Having the wind driven
through.
To PERFLATE, v.a. [perfioy Lat.] To blow through.
If Eaftern winds did perfiate our climates more frequently,
they would clarify and refrefh our air. Harvey.
The firft confideration in building of cities, is to make
them open, airy and well perflated. Arbuthnot on Air.
Perfla tion. n. f. [from perflate.] The adl of blowing
through.
Miners, by perflations with large bellows, give motion to
the air, which ventilates and cools the mines. Woodward.
To PE'RFORATE. v. a. [perforoy Lat.] 'Fo pierce with a
tool ; to bore.
Draw the bough of a low fruit tree newly budded without
twilling, into an earthern pot perforate at the bottom, and
then cover the pot with earth, it will yield a very large
fruit. | u Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
A perforated bladder does not fwcll. Boyle.
The labour’d chyle pervades the pores,
In all the arterial perforated {hores. Blackmcrt.
The
PER
The aperture was limited by an opaque circle placed be¬
tween the eye-glafs and the eye, and perforated in the middle
with a little round hole for the rays to pafs through to the
eye Newton’s Opticks.
Worms perforate the guts. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Perforation, n.f [from perforate.]
1. The a<ft of piercing or boring.
The likelieft way is the perforation of the body of the tree
in feveral places one above another, and the filling of the
holes. Bacon.
The induftrious perforation of the tendons of the fecond
joints of fingers and toes, and the drawing the tendons of the
third joints through them. More’s Divine Dialogues.
2. Hole ; place bored.
1 hat the nipples fhould be made fpongy, and with fuch
perforations as to admit paflage to the milk, are arguments
of providence. Ray on f})e Creation.
Perfora'tor. n.f [from perforate.] The inftrument of
boring.
The patient placed in a aonvenient chair, dipping the tro¬
car in oil, ftab it fuddenly through the teguments, and with¬
drawing the perforator, leave the waters to empty by the
canula. Sharp’s Surgery.
Perfo'rce. adv. [per andforce.] By violence ; violently.
Guyon to him leaping, ftaid
His hand, that trembled as one terrifyd ;
And though himfelf were at the fight difmayd,
Yet him perforce reftrain’d. Fairy ghieen.
Jealous Oberon would have the child,
But fhe perforce withholds the loved boy. Shakefp.
She amaz’d, her cheeks
All trembling and arifing, full of fpots,
And pale with death at hand, perforce fhe breaks
Into the inmoft rooms. Peacham on Poetry.
To PERFORM. V. a. [performare, Italian.] To execute;
to do; to difeharge; to atchieve an undertaking ; to accomplifh.
All three fet among the foremoft ranks of fame for great
minds to attempt, and great force to perform what they did
attempt. Sidney, b. ii.
Haft thou, fpirit.
Perform’d to point the tempeft that I bad thee ? Shakefp.
What cannot you and I perform upon
Th* unguarded Duncan ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
I will cry unto God that performeth all things for
PfalmsWn. 2:
Let all things be performed after the law of God dili¬
gently. 1 Efdras viii. 21.
Thou, my love,
Perforin his fun’rals with paternal care. Dryden.
You perform her office in the fphere.
Born of her blood, and make a new Platonick year. Dryd.
To Perfo'rm. v. n. To fucceed in an attempt.
When a poet has performed admirably in feveral illuftrious
places, we fometimes alfo admire his very errors. Hiatts.
Performable. adj. [from perform.] Practicable; fuch as
may be done.
Men forget the relations of hiftory, affirming that elephants
have no joints, whereas their actions are not performable
without them. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Performance, n.f [from peform.]
1. Completion of fomething defigned ; execution of fomething
promifed.
His promifes were, as he then was, mighty;
But his performance, as he now is, nothing. Shakefp.
Promifing is the very air o’ th’ time; it opens the eyes of
expectation : performance is ever the duller for his aCt, and
but in the plainer kind of people, the deed is quite out of
Shakefp. Tirnon of Athens.
Perform the doing of it; that as there was a readinels to
will, fo there may be a performance. 2 Cor. viii. 11.
1 he only means to make him fuccefsful in the performance
of thefe great works, was to be above contempt. South.
2. Compofition; work.
In the good poems of other men, I can only be fure, that
’tis the hand of a good mafter; but in your performances ’tis
fcarcely poffible for me to be deceived. Dryden.
hew of our comic performances give good examples. Clarif.
3. ACtion ; fomething done. J
In this flumbry agitation, befides her walking and other
aCtual performances, what have you heard her fay ? Shakefp.
Perfo'rmeR. n.f [from peform.]
1. One that performs any thing.
The merit of fervice is feldom attributed to the true and
exaCt performer. Shakefp.
2. It is generally applied to one that makes a publick exhibition
of his Ikill.
To Perfricate. v. n. [perfrico, Lat.] To rub over. Did.
Perfu matory. adj. [fromperfume.] That which perfumes.
PERFU'ME. n.f [pafume, Fr.J
1. Strong odour of fwcetncfs uled to give feents to other
things.
PER
Pomanders and knots of powders for dryingrheums tire riot
fo ftrong as perfumes ; you may have them continually in your
hand, whereas perfumes you can take but at times. Bacon'.
Perfumes, though grofs bodies that may be fenfibly wafted,
yet fill the air, fo that we can put our nofe in no part of the
room where a perfume is burned, but we fmell it. Digby.
2. Sweet odour; fragrance.
No rich perfumes refrefh the fruitful field,
Nor fragrant herbs their native incenfe yield. Popei
To Perfu'me. v. a. [from the noun.] To feent; to impreg¬
nate with fweet feent.
Your papers
Let me have them very well perfum’d\
ForJhe is fweeter than perfume itfelf
I o whom they go. Shakefpeare's Taming of the Shrewi
Why rather, fleep, Jieft thou in fmoky cribs.
And hufht with buzzing night-flies to thy flumber,
Than in the perfum’d chambers of the great,
Under the canopies of coftly ftate,
And lull’d with founds of fweeteft melody ? Shakefp.
Then Will I raife aloft the milk-white rofe,
With whofe fweet fmell the air fhall be perfum’d. Shakefp.
The diftilled water of wild poppy, mingled at half with
rofe water, take with fome mixture of a few cloves in a per¬
fuming pan. Bacon’s Natural Hiftory.
Smells adhere to hard bodies ; as in perfuming of gloves.
Which Iheweth them corporeal. Bacon’s Nat. HiJ\.
The pains fhe takes are vainly meant.
To hide her amorous heart,
’Tis like perfuming an ill feent.
The fmell’s too ftrong for art. Granville.
See fpicy clouds from lowly Sharon rife.
And Carmel’s flow’ry top perfumes the Ikies ! Pope.
PeRFu'Mer. n.f [from perfume.] One whofe trade is to
fell things made to gratify the feent.
A mofs the perfumers have out of apple trees, that hath
an excellent feent. Bacon’s Natural Hiftory.
Firft iflued from perfumers fhops
A croud of fafhionable fops. Swift.
Perfu'nctorily. adv. [perfundone, Lat.] Carelefly; neg¬
ligently.
His majefty calling his eye perfunctorily upon it, and be¬
lieving it had been drawn by mature advice, no fooner received
it, than he delivered it to the lord-keeper. Clarendon.
Whereas all logic is reducible to the four principal opera¬
tions of the mind, the two firft of thefe have been handled
by Ariftotle very perfunctorily ; of the fourth he has faid no¬
thing at all. Baker’s Refection on Learning:
Perfunctory. adj. [perfundorie, Lat.] Slight; carelefs;
negligent.
A tranfient and perfunctory examination of things leads
men into confiderable miftakes, which a more correCl and ri¬
gorous ferutiny would have deteCled. Woodward.
To Perfu'se. v. a. [perfufus, Lat ] To tinClure; to overfpread.
Thefe'dregs immediately perfufe the blood with melancholy,
and caufe obftruClions. Harvey on Confumptions.
Perha'ps. adv. [per and hap.] Peradventure ; it may be.
Perhaps the good old man that kifs’d his fon.
And left a bleffing on his head.
His arms about him fpread,
Hopes yet to fee him ere his glafs be run. Flatman.
Somewhat excellent may be invented, perhaps more excel¬
lent than the firft defign, though Virgil muft be ftill excepted,
when that perhaps takes place. Dryden.
His thoughts infpir’d his tongue.
And all his foul receiv’d a real love.
Perhaps new graces darted from her eyes,
Perhaps foft pity charm’d his yielding foul,
Perhaps her love, perhaps her kingdom charm’d him.
Smith.
Pe'riapt. n.f. [Trsoioc7rToo.] Amulet; charm worn as prefervatives againft aifeafes or mifehief. Hanmer.
The regent conquers, and the Frenchmen fly:
Now help, ye charming fpells and. periapts. Shakefpeare.
Peri cardium. n.f. [7T£oi and noofioe,; pericafde, Fr.]
The pericardium is a thin membrane of a conick figure
that refembles a purfe, and contains the heart in its cavity :
its bafts is pierced in five places, for the paflage of the veflels
which enter and come out of the heart: the ufe of the peri¬
cardium is to contain a fmall quantity of clear water, which
is feparated by fmall glands in it, that the furface of the
heart may not grow dry by its continual motion., Duincy.
Perica'rpium. n.f. [pericarpe, Fr.] In botany, a pellicle or
thin membrane encompaffing the fruit or grain of a plant or
that part of a fruit that envelops the feed.
Befides this ufe of the pulp or pericarpium for the guard of
the feed, it ferves alfo for the fuftenance of animals! Ray.
TI°N- n'f: [from penciltor, Lat. pericliter, Fr.J
1. 1 he ltate or being in danger.
2. Trial; experiment.
19 M Pericra'nium.
PER
?ericra'kium. n.f. [from 7r££t and cranium ; perterms, Fr.] ;
The pericranium is the membrane that covers the fkull: it
is a very thin and nervous membrane of1 an exquifite fenfe*
fuch as covers immediately not only the cranium, but all the
bones of the body, except the teeth; for which reafon it is
alfo called the periofteum. Quincy.
Having; divided the pericranium> I faw a fifiure running the
whole length of the wound. Wifeman’s Surgery.
Perj'culous. adj. [pericu/cfus, Lat.] Dangerous; jeopardous ; hazardous. A word not in ufe.
As the moon every Seventh day arriveth unto a contrary
fign, fo Saturn, which remaineth about as many years in one
fign, and holdeth the fame confideration in years as the moon
in days, doth a. ufe thefe periculous periods. Brown.
Perie'RGy. n.f. [7nfi and Needlefs caution in an
operation ; unneceflary diligence.
Perige'e. 1 n. f. and yv\ ; perigee, Fr.] Is a point in
Perige'um. 1 the heavens, wherein a planet is faid to be in
its neareft diftance poflible from the earth. Harris.
By the proportion of its motion, it was at the creation,
at the beginning of Aries, and the perigeum or neareft point
in Libra. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Perihe'lium. n.f. [7r£p» and vfAto^ > perihelie, Fr.J Is that
point of a planet’s orbit, wherein it is neareft the fun. Harris.
Sir Ifaac Newton has made it probable, that the comet,
which appeared in 1680, by approaching to the fun in its
perihelium, acquired fuch a degree of heat, as to be 50000
years a cooling. Cbeyne’s Philofopbical Principles.
PE'RIL. n.f. [peril, Fr. perikel, Dutch; pepiculum, Lat.J
1. Danger; hazard; jeopardy.
Dear Pyrocles, be liberal unto me of thofe things, which
have made you indeed precious to the world, and now doubt
pot to tell of your perils. Sidney, b. ii.
How many perils do infold
The righteous man to make him daily .fall. Fairy Queen.
'In the a<5t what perils fhall we find,
If either place, or time, or other courfe,
Caufe us to alter th’ order now aflign’d. Daniel.
The love and pious duty which you pay,
Have pafs’d the perils of fo hard a way. Dryden.
Strong, healthy and young people are more in peril by
peftilential fevers, than the weak and old. Arbuthnot.
2. Denunciation; danger denounced.
I told her.
On your difpleafure’s peril,
She fhould not vifit you. Sbakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Pe rilous, adj. [perileux, Frj from peril.'j
3. Dangerous; hazardous; full of danger.
Alterations in the fervice of God, for that they impair the
credit of religion, are therefore perilous in common-weals,
which have no continuance longer than religion hath all re¬
verence done unto it. Hooker, b. v. J. 2.
Her guard is chaftity,
She that has that is clad in compleat fteel.
And like a quiver’d nymph with arrows keen
May trace huge forefts and unharbour’d heaths,
Infamous hills and fandy perilous wilds. Milton.
Dictate propitious to my duteous ear,
What arts can captivate the changeful feer :
For perilous th’aflay, unheard the toil
T’ elude the prefcience of a God by guile. Pope.
Into the perilous flood v
Bear fearlefs. Thomfon.
2. It is ufed by way of emphafis, or ludicrous exaggeration of
any thing bad.
Thus was th’ accomplifh.’d fquire endu’d
With gifts and knowledge per’lous lhrewd. Hudibras.
3. Smart; witty. In this fenfe it is, I think, only applied to
children, and probably obtained its fignification from the
notion, that children eminent for wit, do not live ; a witty
boy was therefore a perilous boy, or a boy in danger. It is
vulgarly parlous.
’Tis a per’lous boy,
Bold, quick, ingenious, forward, capable;
He’s all the mother’s from the top to toe. Sbakefp.
Pe'rilously. adv. [from perilous.'] Dangeroufly.
Pe'rilousness. n.f. [from perilous.] Dangeroufnefs.
Perimeter, n. j. [mfi and /a£T££w ; perimetre, Fr.] The
compafs or fum of all the fides which bound any figure of
what kind foever, whether rectilinear or mixed.
By comprefling the glafles ftill more, the diameter of this
jing would increafe, and the breadth of its orbit or perimeter
decreafe, until another new colour emerged in the centre of
the laft. Newton’s Opticks.
PE'RIOD. n.f [periode, Fr. 7rffioJoj.]
1. A circuit.
2. Time in which any thing is performed, fo as to begin again
in the fame manner.
Tell thefe, that the fun is fixed in the centre, that the
earth with all the planets roll round the fun in their leveral
periods; they cannot admit a fyllable of this new doctrine.
Warn.
PER
5. A ftated number of years; a round of time, at the end of
which the things compriled within the calculation Ihall return
to the ftate in which they were at beginning.
A cycle or period is an account of years that has a begin¬
ning and end too, and then begins again as often as it ends.
Holder on Time.
We ftile a lefler fpace a cycle, and a greater by the name
of period; and you may not improperly call the beginning of
a large period the epocha thereof. Holder on Time.
4. The end or conclufion.
If my death might make this ifland happy.
And prove the period of their tyranny,
I would expend it with all willingnels ;
But mine is made the prologue to their play. Sbakefp.
There is nothing fo fecret that fhall not be brought to light
within the compafs of our world ; whatfoever concerns this
fublunary world in the whole extent of its duration, from the
chaos to the laft period. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
What anxious moments pafs between
The birth of plots and their laft fatal periods.
Oh ! ’tis a dreadful interval of time. Addifon.
5. The ftate at which any thing terminates.
Beauty’s empires, like to greater ftates,
Have certain periods fet, and hidden fates. Suckling.
Light-conlerving ftones muft be fet in tne fun before they
retain light, and the light will appear greater or lefler, until
they come to their utmoft period. Digby.
6. Length of duration.
Some experiment would be made how by art to make plants
more lafting than their ordinary period; as to make a ftalk
of wheat laft a whole year. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
7. A complete fentence from one full ftop to another.
Periods are beautiful, when they are not too long : for fo
they have their ftrength too as in a pike orjavelin. B. Johnf.
Is this the confidence you gave me.
Lean on it fafely, not a period
Shall be unlaid for me. Milton.
Syllogifm is made ufe of to difeover a fallacy, cunningly
wrapt up in a fmooth period. Locke.
For the afliftance of weak memories, the firft words of
every period in every page may be written in diftindt colours.
Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
From the tongue
Th’ unfinifli’d period falls. Thomfon’s Spring,,
To Pe'riod. v. a. [from the noun.] To put an end to* A
bad word.
Your letter he defires
To thofe have fhut him up, which failing to him,
Periods his comfort. Sbakefp. Timon of Athens.
Perio dical. } W^odique, Fr. from period.]
1. Circular ; making a circuit; making a revolution.
Was the earth’s periodick motion always in the fame plane
with that of the diurnal, we fhould mifs of thofe kindly increafes of day and night. Derham.
Four moons perpetually roll round the planet Jupiter, and
are carried along with him in his periodical circuit round the
fun. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
2. Happening by revolution at fome ftated time.
Altrological undertakers would raife men out of fome flimy
foil, impregnated with the influence of the ftars upon fome
remarkable and periodical conjunctions. Bentley.
3. Regular ; performing fome adtion at ftated times.
The confulion of mountains and hollows furnilhed me with
a probable reafon for thofe periodical fountains in Switzerland,
which flow only at fuch particular hours of the day. Addifon.
4. Relating to periods or revolutions.
It is implicitly denied by Ariftotle in his politicks, in that
difeourfe againft Plato, who meafured the viciflitude and mu¬
tation of ftates by a periodical fatality of number. Brown.
Periodically, adv. [from periodical.] At ftated periods.
The three tides ought to be underftood of the fpace of the
night and day, and then there will be a regular flux and re¬
flux thrice in that time every eight hours periodically.
Broome.
Peri'OSTEUM. n.f. [-srsg 1 and orm ; periojle, Fr.]
All the bones are covered with a very fenfible membrane,
called the ptriofeum. Cbeyne’s Philofopbical Principles.
Periphery, n.f. [7rffi and ; peripheric, Fr.] Circum¬
ference.
Neither is this foie vital faculty fufficient to exterminate
noxious humours to the periphery or outward parts. Harvey.
To Peri'phrase. v. a. [peripbrafer, Fr.] Io exprefs one
word by many ; to exprels by circumlocution.
Periphrasis, n.f [7r£^<'pgatru ; periphrafe, Fr.]
locution ; ufe of many words to exprefs the fen
as, for death, we may fay, the lofs oj life.
They make the gates of Thebes and the mouths
; river a conftant peripbrajis for this number feven.
She contains all blifs.
And makes the world but her periphrafs. Cleaveland.
Circumfenfe of one:
of this
Brown.
They
PER -
Thev lhew their learning ufelefly, and make a Ions* perithrobs on every word of the book they explain. Watts.
The periphrafes and circumlocutions, by which Homer ex¬
press the 1 ingle adl of dying, have fupplied fucceeding poets
with all their manners of phrafing it. Pope
Periphra'stical. adj. [from periphrafis:'] Circumlocutory;
expreffing the fenfe of one word in many.
PeripNEU/Jmony. )»./ [7rf^i and 7rv£u(awfi; peripneuTtion\e\
PeripneuMo'nia. ) hr.] An'inflammation of the lungs.
J^ungs oft imbibing phlegmatick and melancholick hu¬
mours, are now and then deprehendcd fchirrous, by diflipation of the fubtiler parts, and lapidification of the grofler
that remain, or may be left indurated, through the grofs reliques of peripneumonia or inflammation of the lungs.
Harvey.
A peripneumony is the laft fatal fymptom of every difeafe ;
for no body dies without a ftagnation of the blood in the
lungs, which is the total extindfion of breath. Arbuthnot.
To Pe rish, v. n. [perir> Fr. pereo, Lat.]
1. To die ; to be deftroyed ; to be loft ; to come to nothing.
I burn, I pine, I perijh,
If I atchieve not this young modeft girl. Shakefp.
If I have feen any perijh for want of cloathing, then let
mine arm fall from my Ihoulder-blade. Job xxxi. 29.
He keepeth back his foul from the pit, arid his life from
perijhing by the fword. yob xxxiii. 18.
They perijh quickly from off the good land. Deut. xi. 18,
1 perijh with hunger. Luke xv. 17.
The fick, when their cafe comes to be thought defperate,
are carried out and laid on the earth- to perijh without afliftance
or pity. Locke.
Characters drawn on duft, that the firft breath of wind ef¬
faces, are altogether a^> ufeful as the thoughts of a foul that
perijh in thinking. Locke.
Expofing their children, and leaving them in the Helds to
perijh by want, has been the practice. Locke.
Still when the luft of tyrant pow’r fucceeds.
Some Athensperijhes^ or fome Tully bleeds. Pope.
Irt the Iliad, the anger of Achilles had caufed the death of
fo many Grecians ; and in the Qdyfley, the fubjects perijhed
through their own fault. Pope.
2. To be in a perpetual ftate of decay.
Duration* and time which is a part of it, is the idea wft
have of perijhing diftance, of which no two parts exift to¬
gether, but follow in fucceflion ; as expanfion is the idea of
lafting'diftance, all whofe parts exift together. Locke-.
£. To be loft eternally.
Thefe, as natural brute beafts made to be deftroyed, fpeak
evil of the things they underftand not, and fhall utterly
periJI). 2 Peter ii. 12.
O fuffer me not to perijh in my fins, Lord careft thou not
that I perijh, who wilt that all fhould be faved, and that none
Ihould perijh. ][Aoreton,s Daily Exercife.
To PERISH, v. a. Todeftroy ; to decay. Not in ufe.
The fplitting rocks cow’r’d in the finking fands.
And would not dafh me with their ragged Hides ;
Becaufe thy flinty heart, more hard than they.
Might in thy palace perijh Margaret. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Rife, prepar’d in black, to mourn thy perifh’d lord.
Dryden.
He was fo referved, that he would impart his fecrets to no¬
body ; whereupon this clofenefs did a little perijh his underftandings. Collier on Friendfhip.
Familiar now with grief your ears refrain,
And in the publick woe forget your own,
You weep not for a perijh’d lord alone. Pope.
Pe'rishable. adj. [from perijh.'] Liable to perilh; fubjedt to
decay ; of Ihort duration.
We derogate from his eternal power to aferibe to them
the fame dominion over our immortal fouls, which they have
over all bodily fubftances and perijhable natures. Rajeigh.
To thefe purpofes nothing can fo much contribute as me¬
dals of undoubted authority not perijhable by time, nor con¬
fined to any certain place. Addifon.
It is princes greateft prefent felicity to reign in their lubjedls hearts; but thefe are too perifsable to preferve their me¬
mories, which can only be done by the pens of faithful hiftorians. Swift.
Human nature could not fuftain the refledlion of having
all its fchemes and expectations to determine with this frail
and perijhable compofition of flelh and blood. Rogers.
Thrice has he feen the perijhable kind
Of men decay. Pope's Odyffey.
Pe'rishableness. n.f. [from perijhable.] Liablenefs to be
deftroyed ; liablenefs to decay.
Suppofe an ifland feparate from all commerce, but having
nothing becaufe of its commonefs and perifhablenefs, fit to
fupply the place of money ; what reafon could any have
to enlarge his pofleflions beyond the ufe of his family.
. Locke.
Perista'jltick. adj. [oregiriXXu ; perijlaltique^ Fr.]
Perijlaltick motion is that vermicular motion of the guts,
PER
which is made by the contraction of the fpiral fibres, whereby
the excrements are prefled downwards and voided. Jpiiincy.
The perijlaltick motion of the guts, and the continual expreffion of the fluids, will not fufFer the leaft matter to be
applied to one point the leaft inllant. Arbuthnot.
Periste'rion. n.f. The herb vervain. Diff.
Peristy'lE. n. f. [perijlile, Fr.] A circular range of pillars.
The Villa Gordiana had a perijlyle of two hundred pillars.
Arbuthnot on Coins.
Perisystole, n.f. [neji and £VoA?i\] The paufe or inter¬
val betwixt the two motions of the heart or pulfe ; namely,
that of the fyftole or contraction of the heart, and that ot
diaftole or dilatation. Di£i.
Peritone'um. n. f. [ns^rovociov ; peritoine, Fr.] This lies
immediately under the mufcles of the lower belly, and is a
thin and foft membrane, which enclofes all the bowels
contained in the lower belly, covering all the infide of its
cavity. Didt.
Wounds penetrating into the belly, are fuch as reach no
farther inward than to the peritoneum. IVifeman.
Pje'rjure. n. f. [perjurus, Lat.] A perjured of forfworn
perfon. A word not in life.
Hide thee, thou bloody hand.
Thou perjure, thou fimular of virtue,
Thou art inceftuous. ShakefpKing Lear.
To PE'RJURE. v. a. [perjuro, Lat.] To forfwear; to
taint with perjury. It is uled with the reciprocal pronoun.
Who fhould be trufted now, when the right hand
Is perjur'd to the bofom; Shakefp.
The law is not made for a righteous man, but for the
lawlefs and difobedient, for perjured perlons. r Tim. i. 10:
Pe'rjurer. n.f. [from perjure.] One that fwears fallely. ,
The common oath of the Scythians was by the fword and
fire ; for that they accounted thofe two fpecial divine powers,
which fhould work vengeance on the perjurers. Spenfer.
Perju'ry. n.f. [perjurium, Lat.] Falfeoath.
My great father-in-law, renowned Warwick,
Cried aloud-What fcourge for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford falfe Clarence,
And fo he vanifh’d. Shakejp. Richard III.
Pe'riWIG. n.f. [perruque, Fr.] Adfcititious hair; hait not
natural, worn by way of ornament or concealment of bdldnefs.
Her hair is auburn, mine is perfedl yellow ;
If that be all the difference in his love,
I’ll get me fuch a colour’d periwig. Shakefp.
It offends me to hear a robufteous periwig-pated fellow tear
a paflion to tatters, to fplit the ears of the groundlings.
Shakefpeare.
The fun’s
Difhevel’d beams and fcatter’d fires
Serve but for ladies periwigs and tires
In lovers fonnets. Donne»
Madam time, be ever bald.
I’ll not thy periwig be call’d. Cleaveland.
For vailing of their vifages his highnefs and the marquis
bought each a periwigs fomewhat to overftvadow their fore¬
heads. JVotton.
They ufed falfe hair or periwigs. Arbuthnot on Coins.
From her own head Megara takes
A periwig of twifted fnakes., v
Which in the niceft fafhion curl'd,
Like toupets. Swift's Mifcellanies.
To Pe'riwig. v. a. [from the noun.] To drefs in falfe hair.
Now When the winter’s keener breath began
To cryftallize the jBaltick ocean,
To glaze the lakes, to bridle up the floods,
And periwig with fnow the bald-pate woods. Sylvefler.
Near the door an entrance gapes,
Crouded round with antick fhapes,
Difcord periwig’d with fnakes.
See the dreadful ftrides fhe takes. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
Pe'riwinkle. n.f.
1. A fmall fliell filh ; a kind of fifh fnail.
Thetis is reprefented by a lady of a brewnifh complexion,
her hair difhevHed about her fhoulders, upon her head a co¬
ronet of periwinkle and efcalop fhells. Peacham.
2. A plant.
The periwinkle hath a flower cup, confifting of one leaf,
that is divided into five long narrow fegments : the flower alfo
confifts of one leaf, which expands in form of a falver, and
is cut into five broad fegments : the pointal, which arifes from
the center of the flower cup, becomes a fruit compofed of two
hulks or pods, which contain oblong, cylindrical, furrowed
feeds; to which may be added, that this plant Ihoots out
many long creeping branches that ftrike out roots at their
joints . , . Miller.
There are in ufe, for the prevention of the cramp, bands
of green periwinkle tied about the calf of the leg. Bacon.
The common fimples with us are comfry, bugle, ladies
mantle, and periwinkle, IVifnan’s Surgery.
To Perk.
PER
To Perk. v. n. [from perch, Skinner.] To hold up the head
with an affc£ted brilknefs.
If you think it a difgrace,
l'hat Edward’s mifs thus perks it in your face,
To fee a piece of failing flefti and blood.
Let the modeft matrons of the town
Come here in crouds, and ftare the ftrumpet down* Pope.
To Perk. v. a. To drefs ; to prank.
’Tis better to be lowly born.
And range with humble livers in content,
Than to be perk’d up in a glift’ring grief.
And wear a golden forrow. Shake/p. Henry VIII.
Perk. adj. Pert ; briik; airy. Obfolete.
My ragged ronts
Wont in the wind, and wag their wriggle tails,
Peark as a peacock, but nought avails. Spenfer.
Pe'rlous. adj. [from perilous.'] Dangerous ; full of hazard.
A perlous paffage lies,
Where many maremaids haunt, making falfe melodies.
Spenfer's Fairy fhieen.
Late he far’d
In Phsedria’s fleet bark over the perlous fhard. Fa. Jjjueen.
Pe'rmagy. n.f. A little Turkifh boot. Di£i.
Pe'rmanence. \n.f. [from permanent.] Duration; confiPe'rmanency. J ftency; continuance in the fame ftate ; laftingn’efs.
Salt, they fay, is the bafts of folidity and permanency in
compound bodies, without which the other four elements
might be varioufly blended together, but would remain imcompadted. Boyle.
Shall I difpute whether there be any fuch material being
that hath fuch a permanence or fixednefs in being. Hale.
From the permanency and immutability of nature hitherto,
they argued its permanency and immutability for the future.
Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
Such a pundtum to our conceptions is almoft equivalent to
permanency and reft. Bentley.
PE'RMANENT. adj. [permanent, Fr. permanens, Lat.] Du¬
rable ; not decaying ; unchanged.
If the authority of the maker do prove unchangeablenefs
in the laws which God hath made, then muft all laws which
he hath made be neceffarily forever permanent, though they
be but of circumftance only. Hooker, h. iii. f. io.
That eternal duration fhould be at once, is utterly uncon¬
ceivable, and that one permanent inftant fhould be commenfurate or rather equal to all fucceffions of ages. More.
Pure and unchang’d, and needing no defence
From fins, as did my frailer innocence;
Their joy fincere, and with no more forrow mixt,
Eternity ftands permanent and fixt. Dryden.
Permanently, adv. [frompermanent.] Durably; laftingly.
It does, like a compadt or confiftent body, deny to mingle
pennanently with the contiguous liquor. Boyle.
Perma'nsiqn. n.f. [from permaneo, Lat.J Continuance.
Although we allow that hares may exchange their fex fometimes, yet not in that viciffitude it is prelumed ; from female
unto male, and from male to female again, and fo in a circle
without apermanfion in either. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Pe rmeable, adj. [from permeo, Lat.J Such as may be
palled through.
Tne pores of a bladder are not eafily permeable by air. Boyle.
To PE'RMEATE. v. a. [permeo, Lat.J To pal’s through.
This heat evaporates and elevates the water of the abyfs,
pervading not only the fiflures, but the very bodjes of the
ftrata, permeating the interftices of the fand or other matter
whereof they confift. Woodward's Natural Hiftory.
Pe'rmeant. adj. [permeans, Lat.J Palling through.
It entereth not the veins, but taketh leave of the permeant
parts at the mouths of the meferaicks. Brown.
Permea'tion. n. f. [from permeate.] The adl of palling
through.
Permiscible. adj. [frompcrjnifceo, Lat.J Such as maybe
mingled.
O
Permissible, adj. [permijfus, Lat.J What may be per¬
mitted.
Permission, n.f. [permiffton, Fr. permijfus, Lat.J Allow¬
ance ; grant of liberty.
With thy permiffton then, and thus forewarn’d.
The willinger I go. Milton.
You have given me yourpermiffton for this addrefs, and en¬
couraged me by your perulal and approbation. Dryden.
PERMISSIVE. adj. [from permitto, Latin.J
1. Granting liberty, not favour; not hindering, though not
approving.
We bid this be done,
When evil deeds have their permijftve pafs.
And not the punilhmcnt. Shakefp. Meafure for Meafure.
Hypocrify, the only evil that walks
Invifible, except to God alone
By his permijftve will, through heav’n and earth. Milton.
2. Granted ; lufiered without hindrance; not authorifed or fa¬
voured.
If this doth authorife ufury, which before was but permijftve.
PER
it is better to mitigate ufury by declaration, than to fuller it
to rage by connivance. Bacon's EJfays.
Thus I embolden’d fpake, and freedom us’d
Permijftve, and acceptance found. Milton s Par, Lojl.
Clad
With what permijftve glory fince his fall
Was left him, or falfe glitter. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
Permi'ssively. adv. [from permijftve.] By bare allowance;
without hindrance.
As to a war for the propagation of the chriftian faith, I
would be glad to hear lpoken concerning the lawfulnefs, not
only permtjftvely, but whether it be not obligatory to chriftian
princes to defign it. Bacon’s Holy War.
Permi'stion. n.f. [permifus,\j2X.] The adl of mixing.
To PE'RMIT. v. a. [permitto, Lat. permettre, Fr.J
1. To allow without command.
What things God doth neither command nor forbid, the
fame he permitteth with approbation either to be done or left
undone. Hooker, h. ii. f. 4.
2. To fuffer, without authorifing or approving.
3. To allow; to fuffer.
Women keep filence in the churches; for it is not per~
mitted unto them to lpeak. 1 Corinthians xiv. 34;
Ye gliding ghofts, permit me to relate
The myftick wonders of your ftlent ftate. Dryden.
Age oppreffes us by the fame degrees that it inftrudts us,
and permits not that our mortal members, which are frozen
with our years, fhould retain the vigour of our youth. Dryden.
We fhould not permit an allowed, poffible, great and
weighty good to flip out of our thoughts, without leaving
any relifh, any defire of itfelf there. Locke.
After men have acquired as much as the laws permit them,
they have nothing to do but to take care of the publick. Swift.
4. To give up ; to refign.
Nor love thy life, nor hate ; but what thou liv’ft.
Live well; how long, how fhort, permit to heav’n. Milton.
If the courfe of truth be permitted unto itfelf, it cannot
efcape many errours. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
To the gods permit the reft. Dryden.
Whate’r can urge ambitious youth to fight,
She pompoufly difplays before their fight;
Laws, empire, all permitted to the fword. Dryden.
Let us not aggravate our forrows.
But to the gods permit th’ event of things. Addifon’s Cato.
Permi't. n.f A written permiffton from an officer for tranfporting of goods from place to place, fhowing the duty on
them to have been paid.
Permi'ttance. n.f. [from permit.] Allowance; forbear¬
ance of oppofition ; permiffton. A bad word.
When this fyftem of air comes, by divine permittance, to
be corrupted by poifonous acrimonious fleams, what havock
is made in all living creatures ? Derham’s Phyfico-Theology.
Permi'xtion. n.f. [from permiflus, Lat.J The adl of ming¬
ling ; the ftate of being mingled.
They fell into the oppofite extremity of one nature in
Chrift, the divine and human natures in Chrift, in their con¬
ceits, by permixtion and confufion of fubftances, and of pro¬
perties growing into one upon their adunation. Brerewood.
Permu tation, n. f. [permutation, Fr. permutatio, Lat.J
Exchange of one for another.
A permutation of number is frequent in languages. Bentley.
Gold and filver, by their rarity, are wonderfully fitted for
this ufe of permutation for all forts of commodities. Ray.
To Perhu'te. v. a. [permuto, Lat. permuter, Fr.J To ex¬
change.
Permu'ter. n. f [permutant, Fr. from permute.] An ex¬
changer ; he who permutes.
PERNICIOUS, adj. [perniciofus, Lat. pernicieux, Fr.J
1. Mifchievous in the higheft degree ; deftrudlive.
To remove all out of the church, whereat they fhew themfelves to be forrowful, would be, as we are perfuaded, hurt¬
ful, if not pernicious thereunto. Hooker, h. iv. f. 10.
I call you fervile minifters,
That have with two pernicious daughters join’d
Your high engender’d battles, ’gainft a head
So old and white as this. Shakefp. King Lear.
Let this pernicious hour
Stand ay accurfed in the kalendar ! Shakefp.
2. [Pernix, Latin.J Quick. An ufe which I have found only
in Milton, and which, as it produces an ambiguity, ought
not to be imitated.
Part incentive reed
Provide, pernicious with one touch to fire. Afilton.
Perniciously, adv. [from pernicious.] Deftrudlively; mifchievoufly ; ruinoufiy.
Some wilful wits wilfully againft their own knowledge,
pernicioufy againft their own conference, have openly taught.
Afcham’s Schoolmajler.
All the commons
Hate him pernicioufy, and wifli him
Ten fathom deep. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Perni'ciousness. n. f. [from pernicious.] The quality of
being pernicious.
PernicitV-.
PER
Perni'city. ft. f [from pernix.] Swiftnefs ; celerity.
Others armed with hard Ihells, others with prickles, the
reft that have no fuch armature endued with great fwiftnefs
or pemicity. R°y on the Creation.
Perora'tion. ft- f [peroratio, Lat.] The conclufion of an
oration.
What means this paflionate difcourfe ?
This peroration with fuch circumftances ? Sbakejp.
True woman to the laft—my peroration
I come to fpeak in fpite of fuffocation. Smart.
To Perpe nd, v. a. [perpendo^ Lat.] To weigh in the mind;
to confider attentively.
Thus it remains and the remainder thus ;
Perpend. Shakejpeare's Hamlet.
Perpend, my princefs, and give ear. Sbakejp.
Confider the different conceits of men, and duly perpend
the imperfection of their difeoveries. _ Brown.
Perpe'nder. n.f. [perpigne, Fr.J A coping ftone.
Perpendicle, n.f. [perpendicule, Fr. pctpendiculum, Lat.]
Any thing hanging down by a ftrait line. DU1.
PERPENDICULAR, adj. [perpendiculaire, Fr. perpendicularisy
Latin.]
1. Crofting any other line at right angles. Oftwo lines, if one
be perpendicular, the other is perpendicular too.
If in a line oblique their atoms rove.
Or in a perpendicular they move ;
If fome advance not flower in their race,
And fome more fwift, how could they be entangl’d.
Blackmore.
The angle of incidence, is that angle, which the line, deIcribed by the incident ray, contains with the perpendicular to
the reflecting or refraCting furface at the point of incidence.
Newton's Opticks.
2. Cutting the horizon at right angles.
Some define the perpendicular altitude of the higheft moun¬
tains to be four miles. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Perpendi cular, n.f. A line crofling the horizon at right
angles.
Though the quantity of water thus rifing and falling be
nearly conftant as to the whole, yet it varies in the feveral
parts of the globe ; by reafon that the vapours float in the
atmofphere, and are not reftored down again in a perpendi¬
cular upon the fame precife trad of land. Woodward.
Perpendicularly, adv. [from perpendicular.']
1. In fuch a manner as to cut another line at right anodes.
2. In the direction of a ftraitline up and down.
Ten mails attacht make not the altitude reach.
Which thou haft perpendicularly fall’ll. Shakefp.
Irons refrigerated North and South, not only acquire a di¬
rective faculty, but if cooled upright and perpendicularly, they
will alfo obtain the fame. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Shoot up an arrow perpendicularly from the earth, the ar¬
row will return to your foot again. More.
All weights naturally move perpendicularly downward. Ray.
Perpendicularity, n.f [from perpendicular.] The ftate
of being perpendicular.
The meeting of two lines is the primary eflential mode or
difference of an angle; the perpendicularity of thefe lines is
the difference of a right angle. Watts's Logick.
Perpension. n.f. [from perpend.] Confideration. Notin
ufe.
Unto reafonable perpenfons it hath no place in (bme
fciences. Brown's Vulvar Errours.
Tc PE'RPETRATE. v.a. [perpetro, Lat. perpetrer^ Fr.]
1. To commit; to ad. Always in an ill fenle.
Hear of fuch a crime
As tragick poets, fince the birth of time.
Ne’er feign’d a thronging audience to amaze ;
But true and perpetrated in our days. Date's Juvenal.
My tender infants or my careful fire,
Thefe they returning will to death require.
Will perpetrate on them the firft defign.
And take the forfeit of their heads for mine. Dryden.
The foreft, which in after-times.
Fierce Romulus, for perpetrated crimes,
A facred refuge made. Dryden.
2. It is ufed by Butler in a neutral fenfe, in compliance with his
verfe, but not properly.
Succefs, the mark no mortal wit.
Or fureft hand can always hit; ,
For whatfoe’er we perpetrate,
We do but row, we’re fteer’d by fate. Hudilras.
Perpetra'tion. n.f. [from perpetrate.]
1. The ad of committing a crime.
A defperate difeontented affaflinate would, after the perpe¬
tration’, have honefted a meer private revenge. Wotton.
A woman, who lends an ear to a feducer, may be infenfibly
drawn into the perpetration of the moft violent aCts. ClariJJ'a.
2. A bad adion.
The ftrokes of divine vengeance, or of men’s own con¬
fidences, always attend injurious perpetrations. King Charles.
Perpe'tual. adj. [perpetuel, Fr. perpetuus, Latin.]
I. Never ceafing ; eternal with refped to futurity.
PER
Mine is a lovb, which muft perpetual be.
If you can be fo juft as I am true. Dryden,
2. Continual; uninterrupted ; perennial.
Within thole banks rivers now
Stream, and perpetual draw their humid train. Milton.
By the mufcular motion and perpetual flux of the liquids,
a great part of them is thrown out of the body. Arbuthnot.
3. Perpetual ficrew. A ficrew which ads againft the teeth of a
wheel, and continues its adion without end.
A perpetual ficrew hath the motion of a wheel and the force
bf a fiefew, being both infinite. Wilkin's Math. Magick.
Perpetually, adv. [from perpetual.'] Conftantly; conti¬
nually; inceffantly.
I his verfe is every where founding the very thing in your
ears ; yet the numbers arzperpetually varied, fo that the fame
founds are never repeated twice. Dryden.
In palling from them to great diftances, doth it not grow
denfer and denier perpetually; and thereby caufe the gravity
of thole great bodies towards one another. Newton's Opticks.
.The bible and common prayer book in the vulgar tongue,
being perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of
language, Specially to the common people. Sivift.
T° PERPE TUATE. v.a. [perpetuer, Fr. perpetuo, Lat.]
1. To make perpetual; to prefierve from extindion; to eter¬
nize.
Medals, that are at prefent only mere curiofities, may be
of ufe in the ordinary commerce of life, and at the fame
time perpetuate the glories of her majefty’s reign. Addifon*
Man cannot devile any other method fo likely to prefierve
and perpetuate the knowledge and belief of a revelation, fo
neceffary to mankind. Forbes.
2. To continue without ceffation or intermiflion.
What is it, but a continued perpetuated voice from heaven,
refounding for ever in our ears ? to give men no reft in their
lins, no quiet from Chrift’s importunity, ’till they awake
fiom their lethargick fleep and arifie from fo mortiferous a ftate*
and permit him to give them life. Hammond.
Perpetuation, n.f [from peipetuate.] The ad of making
perpetual; inceflant continuance.
Nourilhing hair upon the moles of the face, is the per¬
petuation of a very ancient cuftom. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Perpetuity, n.f [perpetuite, Fr. perpetuitas, Lat.]
1. Duration to all futurity.
For men to alter thole laws, which God for perpetuity hath
eftablilhed, were prefiumption moft intolerable. Hooker.
Yet am I better
Than one that s fick o th gout, fince he had rather
Groan fo in perpetuity, than be cur’d
By the lure phyfieian, death. _ Shakefp. Cymbeline,
Time as long again
Would be fill’d up with our thanks j
And yet we Ihould, for perpetuity;
Go hence in debt. Sbakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
Nothing wanted to his noble and heroical intentions, but
only to give perpetuity to that which was in his time fio hap-
• pily eftablilhed. Bacon.
2. Exemption from intermiflion or ceffation.
A cycle or period begins again as often as it ends, and fio
obtains a perpetuity. Holder.
3. Something of which there is no end.
A mefs of pottage for a birth-right, a prelent repaft for a
perpetuity. _ South's Sermons.
The ennobling property of the pleafure, that accrues to a
man from religion, is, that he that has the property, may be
alfo lure of the perpetuity. South's Sermons.
The laws of God as well as of the land
Abhor a perpetuity Ihould ftand ;
Eftates have wings, and hang in fortune’s power. Pobe
To PERPLE'X. v. a. [perplexus, Latin.]
1. To difturb with doubtful notions; to entangle; to make
anxious; to teaze with fufpenfe or ambiguity*; to diftrad ;
to embarrafs ; to puzzle.
Being greatly perplexed in his mind, he determined to go
intoRsrfia. 1 Mac. in. 3r.
I hemfielves with doubts they day and night perplex. Denh.
He perplexes the minds of the fair lex with nice fipeculations ol philofophy, when he Ihould engage their
hearts> Dryden.
We can diftinguilh no general truths, or at leaft fhall be
apt to perplex the mind. /, • Locke,
2. To make intricate; to involve; to complicate.
Their way
Lies through the perplex'd paths of this drear wood. Milt.
We both are involv’d
In d>e fame intricate p.rfOxtdiftrefs. Addifm't Cite.
What was thought oblcure, ferplextd, and too hard fol
our weak parts, w.ll he open to the undemanding in a
fair view. ,
3. 1 o plague ; to torment; to vex. A fenfe not proper.
Uhloe 3 the wonder of her fex
’Tis well her heart is tender, ’
How might fuch killing eyes perplex,
With virtue to defend her. Granville
*9 N Perplex
PER
pERlPLfcX. adj. {perplex, Lat. perplexus, Lat.] Intricate;
difficult. Perplexed is the word in ufe.
How the foul directs the fpirits for the motion of the body,
according to the feveral animal exigents, is perplex in the
theory. _ . Gla llU J
Perple'xedLy. adv. [from perplexed.] Intricately ; with in^
volution.
Perple'xednesS. n.f [from perplexed.J
1. Embarailment j anxiety.
2. Intricacy; involution ; difficulty.
Obl'curity and perplexednejs have been can upon ot. .raul s
Epiftles from without. Lech.
Perple'xity. n.f. [perplexite, Fr.]
1. Anxiety; diftra<5lion of mind. .
The fear of him ever fince hath put me into iuch perplexity,
as now you found me. _ Sidney, b. ii.
Perplexity not fuffering them to be idle, they think and
do, as it were, in a phrenfy. Hooker, b. \,f 3.
The royal virgin, which beheld from far,
In penfive plight and fad perplexity,
The whole atchievement of this doubtful War,
Came running fall to greet his victory. Fairy Qiieen.
2. Entanglement; intricacy.
Let him look for the labyrinth; for I cannot difcern any,
unlefs in the perplexity of his own thoughts. Stillingfeet.
Perpota'tion. n. f. [per and poto, Latin.] The ad of
drinking largely. .
Perquisite, n.f. [perquifituSy'L-a.t.'] Something gained by a
place or office over and above the fettled wages.
Tell me, perfidious, was it fit
To make my cream a perquifite,
And Heal to mend your wages. Widow and Cat.
To an honeft mind, the bell perquifites of a place are the
advantages it gives a man of doing good. Addifon.
To what your lawful perquifites amount. Swift.
Perquisition, n.f [perquifitus, Lat.] An accurate enquiry;
a thorough fearch. Ainfwortb.
Pe'rry. n.f. [poire, Fr. from poire.] Cyder made of pears.
Perry is the next liquor in efteem after cyder, in the Or¬
dering of which, let not your pears be over ripe before you
grind^them ; and with fome forts of pears, the mixing of a
few crabs in the grinding is of great advantage, making perry
equal to the redftreak cyder. Mortimer.
To PERSECUTE, v. a. [perfecuter, Fr. perfecutus, Lat.]
1. To harrafs with penalties ; to perfue with malignity. It is
generally ufed of penalties inflicted for opinions. ^ •
I perfecuted this way unto the death. Aits xxii. 4.
2. To perfue with repeated ads of vengeance or enmity.
They might have fallen down, being perfecuted of ven¬
geance, and fcattered abroad. Wifdom xi. 20.
Relate,
For what offence the queen of heav’n began
To perfecute lo brave, fo juft a man ! ^ Dryden.
j. To importune much : as, he perfecutes me with daily folicitations. _ - . T
Persecu tion, n. f. [perfection, Fr. perfecutio, Rat. from
perfecute.]
1. The ad or pradice of perfecting. •
Jews raifed pevjccution againft Paul and .Barnabas*
and expelled them. . 5°»
Heavy perfection fliall arife
On all, who in the worffiip perfevere
Of fpirit and truth. . . . .... Milton.
The deaths and offerings of the primitive chnftians had a
great {hare in the converfion of thole learned Pagans, who
lived in the ages of perjecution. Addifon.
2. The ftate of being perfecuted. .
Our necks are under perfection; we labour and have no
reft. Lam.v. 5.
Chriftian fortitude and patience had their opportunity in
times of afflidion and perfection. Sprat s Sermons.
Persecutor, n.f. [perfecuteur, Fr. from perfecute.] One who
harraffes others with continued malignity.
What man can do againft them, not afraid.
Though to the death ; againft fuch cruelties
With inward confolations recompens’d;
And oft fupported fo, as {hall amaze ... _‘
Their proudeft perfecutors. Milton s Paradife Loft.
Henry rejeded the poke’s fupremacy, but retained every
corruption belides, and became a cruel perfecutor. jStvift.
Perseve'rance. n.f. [perfeverance, Fr. perfevcrantia, Lat.
{'his word was once improperly acccented on the fecond lylJablc.] Perfiftence in any defign or attempt; fteadmbfs in
purfuits; conftancy in progrefs. It is applied alike to good
and ill.
The king becoming graces,
. Bounty, perfev'rance, mercy, lowlinefs ;
I have no relifti of them. Sbakcfp. Macbetij.
Perfeverance keeps honour bright:
To have done, is to hang quite out of faftuon.
Like rufty mail in monumental mockery. Sbakefpcare.
They hate repentance more than perfeverance in a fault.
King Charles.
PER
Wait the feafons of providthte with patience and perfevtrance in the duties of our calling, what difficulties foever wd
may encounter. L L-Jlrange.
Patience and perfeverance overcome the greateft diffi¬
culties. Clarijfax
And perfeverance with his batter’d fhield. Brooke.
Perseve'rant. adj. [perfeverant, Fr. perfeverans, Lat.] Perfifting; conftant. Ainfwortb.
To Perseve're. v. n. [perfevero, Lat. perfeverer, Fr. This
word was anciently accented lefs properly on the fecond
fyllable.] To perlift in an attempt; not to give over ; not
to quit the defign.
But my rude mufick, which was wont to pleafe
Some dainty ears, cannot with any {kill
The dreadful tempeft of her wrath appeafe.
Nor move the dolphin from her ftubborn will ;
But in her pride {he doth perfevere ftill. Spenfer.
Thrice happy, if they know
Their happinefs, and perfevere upright! Milton.
Thus beginning, thus we perfevere ;
Our paffibns yet continue what they were. Dryden.
To perfevere in any evil courfe, makes you unhappy in
this life, and will certainly throw you into everlafting tor*
. ments in the next. Wake’s Preparationfor Death.
Perseve'ringly. adv. [fromperfevere.] With perfeverance.
ToPERSPST. v.n. [perfi/lo, Lat. perfjler, Fr.] To perfe¬
vere ; to continue firm ; not to give over.
Nothing can make a man happy, but that which {hall laft
as long as he lafts ; for an immortal foul {hall perfijl in being
not only when profit, pleafure and honour, but when time
itfelf {hall ceafe. South’s Sermons.
If they perfijl in pointing their batteries againft particular
perfons, no laws of war forbid the making reprifals. Addifon.
Persi'stance. In. f. [from perfjl. Perfijlence feems more
Persistency. 5 proper.]
1. The ftate of perfifting; fteadinefs; conftancy; perfeverance
in good or bad.
The love of God better can confift with the indeliberate
commiffions of many fins, than with an allowed perfiflance in
any one. Government of the Tongue.
2. Obftinacy; obduracy; contumacy.
Thou think’ft me as far in the devil’s book, as thou and
Falftaff, for obduracy and perftjlency. Sbakcfp.
Persi'stive. adj. [from perfijlJ Steady; not receding from
a purpofe; perfevering.
The protra&ive tryals of great Jove,
To find perfiflive conftancy in men. Shakefp:
PE'RSON. n.f [perfonne, Fr. perfona, Lat.]
1. Individual or particular man or woman.
A perfon is a thinking intelligent being, that has reafon and
refledtion, and can confider itfelf as itfelf, the fame thinking
thing, in different times and places. Locke.
2. Man or woman confidered as oppofed to things, or diftindt
from them.
A zeal forperfons is far more eafy to be perverted, than a
zeal for things. Sprat’s Sermons.
To that we owe the fafety of our perfons and the propriety
of our poffeffions. Atterbury’s Sermons.
3. Human Being; confidered with refpedt to mere corporal exiftence.
’Tis in her heart alone that you muft reign;
You’ll find her perfon difficult to gain. Dryden.
4. Man or woman confidered as prefent, adfing or fuffering.
If I am traduc’d by tongues which neither know
My faculties nor perfon;
’Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake
That virtue muft go through. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The rebels maintained the fight for a fmall time, and for
their perfons {hewed no want of courage. Bacon.
5. A general loofe term for a human being ; one ; a man.
Be a perforis attainments ever fo great, he Ihould always
remember, thait he is God’s creature. Clarijj'a.
6. One’s felf; not a reprefentative.
When I purpofed to make a war by my lieutenant, I made
declaration thereof to you by my chancellor; but now that I
mean to make a war upon France in perfon, I will declare it
to you myfelf. Bacon’s Henry Vll.
The king in perfon vifits all around,
Comforts the fick, congratulates the found.
And holds for thrice three days a r-oyal feaft. Drydcn.
7. Exteriour appearance.
For her own perfon, • *
It beggar’d all defeription. Shahjp.
8. Man or woman reprefented in a fiiftitious dialogue.
All things are lawful unto me, faith the apoftle, fpeaking, as it ieemeth, in the perfon of the chriftian gentile for
the maintenance of liberty in things indifferent. Hooker.
lliefe tables Cicero pronounced under the perfon ofCraffus,
were of more ufe and authority than all the books of the
philolophers. Baker’s RefcBions on Learning.
0. Character.
From his firft appearance upon the ftage, in his new perfon
of a fycopham or jugler, inftead of his former perfon ot a
prince,
PER
prince, lie was expofed to the derifion of the courtiers and
the common people, who flocked about him, that one might
know where the owl was, by the flight of birds. Bacon.
He hath put on the perfon not of a robber and a murtherer,
but of a traitor to the ftate. Hayward.
10. Character of office.
I then did ufe the perfon of your father j
The image of his power lay then in me :
And in th’ adminiftration of his law.
While I was buiy for the commonwealth,
Your highnefs pleafed to forget my place. Shakefp.
How different is the fame man from himfelf, as he fultains
the perfon of a magistrate and that of a friend. South.
ti. [In grammar.] f he quality of the noun that modifies the
verb.
Dorus the more blufhed at her finding, and fhe the more
fmiled at his blufhing ; becaufe he had, with the remem¬
brance of that plight he was in, forgot in fpeaking of himfelf
the third perfon. Sidney.
It fpeaking of himfelf in the firft perfon Angular has fo va¬
rious meanings, his ufe of the firft perfon plural is with greater
latitude. Locke.
PeRsonable. adj. [from perfon.']
1. Handfome ; graceful; of good appearance.
Were it true that her fon Ninias had fuch a ftature, as that
Simiramis, who was very perfonable, could betaken for him ;
yet it is unlikely that fhe could have held the empire fortytwo years after by any fuch fubtilty. Raleigh.
2. [In law.] One that may maintain any plea in a judicial
cour^* Ainjworth.
Perso'nage. n.f. [perfonage, Fr.]
1. A confiderable perfon ; man or woman of eminence.
It was a new fight fortune had prepared to thofe woods, to
fee thefe great perjonages thus run one after the other. Sidney.
It is not ealy to refearch the actions of eminentperfonages,
how much they have blemifhed by the envy of others, and
what was corrupted by their own felicity. Wotton.
2. Exteriour appearance; air; ftature.
She hath made compare
Between our ftatures, fhe hath urg’d his heightj
. And with herperfonage, her tall perfonage.
She hath prevail’d with him. Shakefpeare.
The lord Sudley was fierce in courage, courtly in falhion,
in perfonage ftately, in voice magnificent, but fomewhat empty
of matter. Hayward.
3. Character aflumed.
The great diverfion is mafking: the Venetians, naturally
grave, love to give into the follies of fuch feafons, when
difguifed in a falfe perfonage. Addifon’s Re/narks on Italy.
4. Character reprefented.
Some perfons muft be found out, already known by hiftory, whom we may make the adtors and perfonages of this
fable. Broome’s View of Epic Poems.
Pe rsonal. adj. [perfonel, Fr. perfonalis, Lat.]
1. Belonging to men or women, not to things ; not real.
Every man fo termed by way of perjonal difference only.
Hooker, b. v. f. 13.
2. AfFedting individuals or particular people ; peculiar; proper
to him or her; relating to one’s private adtions or charadter.
For my part,
I know noperfonal cauie to fpurn at him ;
But for the general. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
It could not mean, that Cain as elder had a natural do¬
minion over Abel, for the words are conditional; if thou
doeft well, and fo perfonal to Cain. Locke.
Publick reproofs of fin are general, though by this they
lofe a great deal of their effedt; but in private converfations
the application may be more perfonal., and the proofs when fo
directed come home. Rogers.
3. Prefcnt; not adding by reprefentativeThe fav’rites that the abfent king
In deputation left,
When he was perfonal in the Irifh war. Shakefp.
4. Exteriour; corporal.
Fhis heroick conftancy determined him to defire in mar¬
riage a princcfs, whofe perfonal charms were now become
the leaft part of her charadter. Addifon.
5- [In law.] Something moveable ; fomething appendant to
the perfon, as money; not real, as land.
This fin of kind not perfonal
But real and hereditary was. Davies.
6. [In grammar.] A perfonal verb is that which has all the
regular modification of the three perfons ; oppofed to imperfonal that has only the third.
Perso.\ ality. n.f [from perfonal.] The exiftence or indi¬
viduality of any one.
Perfon belongs only to intelligent agents, capable of a law,
and happinefs and mifery: this perjonality extends itfelf be¬
yond prefent exiftence to what is paft, only by confcioufnefs,
whereby it imputes to itfelf paft adtions, juft upon the lame
ground that it docs the prefent. Locke,
PER
Personally, adv. [from perfonal.]
14 In perfon ; in prefence; not by reprefentative.
Approbation not only they give, whoperfonally declare their
aflent by voice, fign or adt, but alfo when others do it in
their names. Hooker, b. i. f. ioi
I could not perfonally deliver to her
What you commanded me; but by her woman
I fcilt ybur meflage. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
There are many reafons, why matters of fuch a wonder*
fUl nature fhould not be taken ndtice of by thofe Pagan wri¬
ters, who lived before our Saviour’s difciples had perfonally
appeared among them. Addifori,
2. With refpedt to an individual; particularly.
She bore a mortal hatred to the houfe of Lancafter, and
perfonally to the king. Bacon’s Henry VII.
3* With regard to numerical exiftence.
The converted man is perfonally the fame he was before,
and is neither born nor created a-new in a proper literal
fenfe. Rogers’s Sermons.
To PeRsonate. v. a. [from perfona, Latin.]
1. To reprefent by a fidtitious or aftiimed charadter; fo as to
pafs for the perfon reprefented.
This lad was not to perfonate one, that had been long be¬
fore taken out of his cradle, but a youth that had been
brought up in a court, where infinite eyes had been upon
Ifini. Bacon’s Henry VIL
2. To reprefent by adtion or appearance ; to adt.
Herfelf a while fhe lays afide, and makes
Ready to perfonate a mortal part. Crafhavt).
3. To pretend hypocritically, with the reciprocal pronoun.
It has been the conftant pradtice of the Jefuits to fend over
ertiiflaries, with inftrudtions to perfonate themfelves members
of the feveral fedts amongft us. - Swift.
4. To counterfeit; to feign. Little in ufe*
Piety is oppofed to that perfonated devotion, under which
any kind of impiety is difguifed. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Thus have I played with the dogmatift in a perfonated
fcepticifm. Glanvilfs Seep/1
5. To refemble.
The lofty cedarperfonates thee. Shakefp. Cymbeline«
6. To make a reprefentative of, as in pidture. Out of ufe.
Whofe eyes are on this fovereign lady fixt.
One do I perfonate of Timon’s frame,
Whom fortune with her iv’ry hand wafts to her. Shakefp.
7. To deferibe. Out of ufe.
I am thinking, what I fhall fay ; it muft be a perfonating
of himfelf; a fatyr againft the foftnefs of profperity. Shakefp*
I will drop in his way fome obfeure epiftles
Of love, wherein, by the colour of his beard, the
Shape of his leg, the manner of his gait, the
ExpreiTure of his eye, forehead and complexion.
He fhall find himfelf moft feelingly perfonated. Shakefpeare.
Personation, n.f. [from perfonate.] Counterfeiting of an¬
other perfon. 6
This being one of the ftrangeft examples of a perforidtion
that ever was, it deferveth to be difeovered and related at
the full. Bacon’s Henry VII*
Personification, n.f. [from perfonify.] Profopopoeia; the
change of things to perfons: as,
Confufion heard his voice. Milton.
To Pe'rsonify. v. a. [from.perfon.] To change from a thing
to a perfon.
Perspective, n. f. [perfpefiif.\ Fr. perfpicio, Lat.]
1. A glafs through which things are viewed.
If it tend to danger, they turn about the perfpefiive, and
fhew it fo little, that he can fcarce difeem it. Denham•
It may import us in this calm, to hearken to the ftorms
raifing abroad ; and by the beft perfpeftives, to difeover from
what coaft they break. Temple.
You hold the glafs, but turn theperjpefiive.
And farther off the lefTen’d objedt drive. Drydert.
Faith for reafon’s glimmering light fhall give
Her immortal perfpettive. Prior.
2. The fcience by which things are ranged in pidture, according
to their appearance in their real fituation.
Medals have reprefented their buildings according to the
rules of perfpefiive. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
3. View; vifto.
Lofty trees, with facred fhades,
Andperfpeftives of pleafant glades.
Where nymphs of brighteft form appear. Dryden.
Perspective, adj. Relating to the fcience of vifionj optick -
optical. v 9
We have perfpeftive houfes, where we make demonftrations of all lights and radiations ; and out of things unco¬
loured and tranfparent, we can reprefent unto you all feveral
colours. 1 Karen
PEftarpISAfight°US* ^er$icax> LatJ Quickfxghted j
It is as nice and tender in feeling, as it can be perfpicacious
and quick in feeing. * South’s Sermons.
Perspica'ciou$nesj.
A
PER PER
Perspica'ciousness. n.f. [from perfpicetdous.] Quicknefsof
fight.
Perspicacity. n.f. [perfpicacite, Fi\] Quicknefs of fight.
He that laid the foundations of the earth cannot be ex¬
cluded the fecrecy of the mountains ; nor can there any thing
efcape the perfpicacity of thofe eyes, which were before light,
and in whofe opticks there is no opacity. Brown.
Perspi'cience. n.f. [perfpiciens, Lat.] The ad of looking
fiiarply. Dift.
Pe'rspicil. n.f. [pirfpiclllum, Lat.] A glafs through which
things are viewed ; an optick glafs.
Let truth be
Ne’er fo far diftant, yet chronology,
Sharp-fighted as the eagle’s eye, that can
Out-ftare the broad-beam’d day’s meridian,
Will have a perfpicll to find her out.
And through the night of error and dark doubt,
Difcern the dawn of truth’s eternal ray.
As when the rofy morn buds into day. Crajbaw.
The perfpicily as well as the needle, hath enlarged the ha¬
bitable world. Glanvill's Scepf.
Perspicuity, n.f. [perfpicuite, Fr. fromperfplcuous.]
1. Clearnefs to the mind ; eafinefs to be underftood ; freedom
from obfcurity or ambiguity.
The verfes containing precepts, have not fo much need of
* ornament as ofperfpicuity. Dryden.
Perfpicuity confifts in the ufing of proper terms for the
thoughts, which a man would have pafs from his own mind
into that of another’s. Locke's Thoughts on Reading.
2. Tranfparency ; tranfiucency ; diaphaneity.
As for diaphaneity and perfpicuity it enjoyeth that moft
eminently, as having ito earthy and falinous parts fo exaCtly
refolved, that its body is left imporous. Brown.
PERSPFCUOUS. adj. \_perfpicuus, Latin.]
1. Tranfparent; clear ; fuch as may be feen through ; diapha¬
nous ; tranflucent; not opake.
As contrary caufes produce the like effects, fo even the
fame proceed from black and white ; for the clear and perfpicuous body effedfteth white, and that white a black. Peacham.
2. Clear to the underftanding; not obfcure ; not ambiguous.
The purpofe is perfpicuous even as fubftance,
Whofe groflnefs little characters fum up. Shakefp.
All this is fo perfpicuous, fo undeniable, that I need not
be over induftrious in the proof of it. Sprat's Sermons.
Perspicuously, adv. [from perfpicuous.] Clearly ; not obfcurely. ^ •
The cafe is no fooner made than refolved ; if it be made
not enwrapped, but plainly and perfpicuoufly. Bacon.
Perspi'cuousness. n.f. [from perfpicuous.] Clearnefs; free¬
dom from obfcurity.
Perspi'rable. adj. [from perfpire.]
1. Such as,may be emitted by the cuticular pores.
That this attraction is performed by effluviums, is plain
and granted by moft ; for eleCiricks will not commonly at¬
tract, unlefs they attraCt or become perfpirable. Brown.
In an animal under a courfe of hard labour, aliment too
vaporous ox perfpirable will fubjeCt it to too ftrong a perfpiration, debility and fudden death. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Perfpiring ; emitting perfpiration. Not proper.
Hair cometh not upon the palms of the hands or foies of
the feet, which are parts more perfpirable : and children are
not hairy, for that their fkins are moft perfpirable. Bacon.
Perspira'tion. n f. [from perfpire.~\ Excretion by the cuti¬
cular pores.
Infenfible perfpiration is the laft and moft perfeCt aCtion of
animal digeftion. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Perspi'rative. adj. [from perfpire.] Performing the aCt of
perfpiration.
To PERSPI'RE. v. n. [perfpiro, Lat.]
1. To perform excretion by the cuticular pores
2. To be excreted by the fkin.
Water, milk, whey taken without much exercife, fo as to
make them pcrfpire, relax the belly. Arbuthnot.
To Perstri'nge. v. a. [perjhingo, Lat.] To graze upon ;
to glance upon. Did.
Persua'dable. adj. [from perfuade.] Such as may be perfuaded.
To PERSUA'DE. v. a. [perfuadeo, Lat. perfuader, Fr.]
i. To bring to any particular opinion.
Let every man be fully perfuaded in his own mind.
Romans.
We are perfuaded better things of you, and things that ac¬
company falvation. Hebrews vi. 9;
Joy over them that are perfuaded to falvation. 2 Efdras vii.
Let a man be ever fo well perfuaded of the advantages of
virtue, yet, till he hungers and thirfts after righteoufneTs, his
will will not be determined to any aClion in purfuit of this
confefled great good. Locke.
Men fhould ferioufly perfuade themfelves, that they have
here no abiding place, but arc only in their paflage to the
heavenly Jerufalcnv. ITake s Preparationfor Death,
4
2. To influence by argument or expoftulation. Perfuafian
feems rather applicable to the paflions, and argument to the
reafon ; but this is not always obferved.
Philoclea’s beauty not only perfuaded, but fo perfuaded as
all hearts muft yield : Pamela’s beauty ufed violence, and
fuch as no heart could refift. Sidney.
They that were with Simon, being led with covetoulhefs,
were perfuaded for money. 2 Mac. x. 20.
To fit crofs-leg’d, or with our fingers peCfinated, is ac¬
counted bad, and friends will perfuade us from it. Brown.
I Ihould be glad, if I could perfuade him to write fuch an¬
other critick on any thing of mine ; for when he condemns
any of my poems, he makes the world have a better opinion
of them. Dryden.
3. To inculcate by argument or expoftulation.
To children, afraid of vain images, we perfuade confidence
by making them handle and look nearer fuch things. Taylor.
4. To treat by perfuafion. A mode of fpeech not in ufe.
Twenty merchants have all perfuaded with him ;
But none can drive him from the envious plea
Of forfeiture. Shakefpeare.
Persua'der. n.f. [from perfuade.] One who influences by
perfuafion; an importunate adviler.
The earl, fpeaking in that imperious language wherein the
king had written, did not irritate the people, but make them
conceive by the haughtinefs of delivery of the king’s errand,
that himfelf was the author or principal perfuader of that
counfel. Bacon's Henry VII.
He foon is mov’d
By fuch perfuaders as are held upright. Daniel's Civil War.
Hunger and thirft at once,
Pow’rful perfuaders ! quicken’d at the feent
Of that alluring fruit, urg’d me fo keen. Milton.
PERSUA'SIBLE. adj. [perfuafibilis, Lat. perfuafible, Fr. from
perfuadeo, Latin.] To be influenced by perfuafion.
It makes us apprehend our own intereft in that obedience,
makes us tradlable and perfuafible, contrary to that brutilh
ftubbornefs of the horfe and mule, which the Pfalmift re¬
proaches. Government of the Tongue.
Persua'sibleness. n. f. [from perfuafible.] The quality of
being flexible by perfuafion.
Persua'sion. n.f [perfuafion^Yr. from perfuafus, Lat.]
1. The adt of perfuading; the a£t of influencing by expoftu¬
lation ; the a£t of gaining or attempting the paflions.
If’t prove thy fortune, Polydore, to conquer.
For thou haft all the arts of fine perfuafion,
Truft me, and let me know thy love’s fuccefs. Otway.
2. The ftate of being perfuaded ; opinion.
The moft certain token of evident goodnefs is, if the ge¬
neral perfuafion of all men does fo account it. Hooker.
You are a great deal abus’d in too bold a perfuafion.
Shakefpeare.
When we have no other certainty of being in the right,
but our own perfuafions that we are fo ; this may often be but
making one error the gage for another. Gov. of'the Tongue.
The obedient and the men of practice fhall ride upon thofe
clouds, and triumph over their prefent imperfections ; till
perfuafion pafs into knowledge, and knowledge advance into
aflurance, and all come at length to be compleated in the
beatifick vifion. South's Sermons.
Persua'sive. adj. [perfuafif^Yx. from perfuade.] Having the
power of perfuading ; having influence on the paflions.
In prayer, we do not fo much refpeCt what precepts art dclivereth, touching the method of perfuafive utterance in the
prefence of great men, as what doth moft avail to our own
edification in piety and godly zeal. Hooker.
Let Martius refume his farther difeourfe, as well for the
perfuafive as for the confult, touching the means that may
conduce unto the enterprize. Bacon.
Notwithftanding the weight and fitnefs of the arguments
to perfuade, and the light of man’s intelleCI to meet this perfuafive evidence with a fuitable aflent, no aflent followed,
nor were men thereby a&ually perfuaded. South's Sermons.
Persuasively, adv. [from perfuafive.'] In fuch a manner as
to perfuade.
The ferpent with me
Perfuafively hath fo prevail’d, that I
Have alfo tafted. Milton.
Many who live upon their eftates cannot fo much as tell a
ftory, much lefs fpeak clearly and perfuafively in any
bufinefs. Locke on Education.
Persua'siveness. n.f. [from perfuafive.] Influence on the
paflions.
An opinion of the fuccefsfulnefs of the work being as neceflary to found a purpofe of undertaking it, as either the au¬
thority of commands, or the perfuafivenefs of promifes, or
pungency of menaces can be. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Persua'sory. adj. [perfuaforiuSy Lat. from perfuade.] Ha¬
ving the power to perfuade.
Neither is this perfuafory. Brown.
PERT.
PER
PERT adj. [pert, Wcl(h ; pert, Dutch ; appert, French.]
I.Lively ; brifk ; imart.
Awake the pert and nimble (pint of mirth j
Turn melancholy forth to funerals. Shakefp.
On the tawny fands and (helves.
Trip the pert fairies and the dapper elves. Milton.
2 Saucy ; petulant; with bold and garrulous loquacity.
All fervants might challenge .the fame liberty, and grow
pert upon their mafters ; and when this faucineis became univerl'al, what lefs mifehief could be expected than an old Scy¬
thian rebellion l Collier on Pride.
A lady bids me in a very pert manner mind my own affairs,
and not pretend to meddle with their linnen. AddiJ'on.
Vanefl'a
Scarce lift’ned to their idle chat,
Further than lometimes by a frown,
When they greve pert, to pull them down. Swift.
To PERTAIN, v.n. [pertineo, Lat.J To belong; to relate.
As men hate thofe that affect that honour by ambition,
which pirtaineth not to them, fo are they much more odious,
who through fear betray the glory- which they have.
Hayward.
A cheveron or rafter of an houfe, a very honourable bear¬
ing, is never feen in the coat of a king, becaufe it pertaineth
to a mechanical profefiion. Peacham.
PertereBRa'tion. n. f. [per and terebratio, Lat.] The aft
of boring through. Ainfworth.
Pertina'cious. adj. [from pertinax.]
1. Obftinate ; ftubborn ; perverfely refolute.
One of the diflenters appeared to Dr. Sanderfon to be fo
bold, fo troublefome and illogical in the difpute, as forced
him to fay, that he had never met with a man of more per¬
tinacious confidence and lefs abilities. Walton.
2. Refolute ; conftant; fteady.
Diligence is a fteady, conftant and pertinacious ftudy, that
naturally leads the foul into the knowledge of that, which at
firft feemed locked up from it. South’s Sermons.
Pertinaciously. adv. [from pertinacious.] Oftinately ;
ftubbornly.
They deny that freedom to me, which they pertinacioujly
challenge to themfelves. King Charles.
Metals pertinacioujly refift all tranfmutation ; and though
one would think they were turned into a different fubftance,
yet they do but as it were lurk under a vizard. Ray.
Others have fought to eafe themfelves of all the evil of
aftlifflion by difputing fubtilly againft it, and pertinacioujly
maintaining, that afflictions are no real evils, but only in
imagination. Tillotfen’s Sermons.
Pertina'city. \n' f [pertinacia, Lat. from pertinaPertina'ciousnf.ss. } cious.]
1. Obftinacy; ftubbornnefs.
In this reply, was included a very grofs miftake, and if
with pertinacity maintained, a capital errour. Brown.
2. Refolution; conftancy.
PE'RTINACY. n.J. [from pertinax.]
1. Obftinacy; ftubbornnefs; perfiftency.
Their pertinacy is fuch, that when you drive them out of
one form, they affume another. Duppa.
It holds forth the pertinacy of ill fortune, in purfuing people
into their graves. L’Ejlrange.
2. Refolution ; fteadinefs ; conftancy.
St. Gorgonia prayed with paffion and pertinacy, till (he
obtained relief. Taylor.
They with a pertinacy unmatch’d.
For new recruits of danger watch’d. Hudibras.
Pe'rtinence. In.J. [from pertineo, Lat.] Juftnefs of relaPe'rtinency. J tion to the matter in hand ; propriety to the
purpofe; appofitenefs.
I have (hewn the fitnefs and pertinency of the apoftle’s difcourfe to the perfons he addrefled to, whereby it appeareth
that he was no babbler, and did not talk at random. Bentley.
PE'RTINENT. adj. [pertinens, Lat. pertinent, Fr.]
1. Related to the matter in hand ; juft to the purpofe ; not ufelefs to the end propofed ; appolite; not foreign from the thing
intended.
My caution was more pertinent
Than the rebuke you give it. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
I fet down, out of experience in bufinefs, and converfation
in books, what I thought pertinent to this bufinefs. Bacon,
Here I (ball feem a little to digrefs, but you will by and
by find it pertinent. _ Bacon.
If he could find pertinent treatifes of it in books, that would
reach all the particulars of a man’s behaviour; his own illfafhioned example would fpoil all. _ Locke.
2. Relating; regarding ; concerning. In this fenfe the word
now ufed is pertaining.
Men fhall have juft caufe, when any thing pertinent unto
faith and religion is doubted of, the more willingly to incline
their minds towards that which the fentence of lo grave, wife
and learned in that faculty (hall judge inoft found. Hooker.
Pe'rtinently* adv. [from pertinent.] Appofitely; to the
purpofe.
PER
Be modeft and referved in the prefence of thy betters,
fpcaking little, anfwering pertinently, not interpofing without
leave or reafon. Taylor’s Rule of Living Holy.
Pe'rtinentness. n. f. [from pertinent.] Appofitenefs. Diit7.
Perti'ngent. adj. [pertingens, Lat.] Reaching to ; touch¬
ing. Di£l.
Pe'rtly. adv. [from pert.]
1. Brifkly; fmartly.
I find no other difference betwixt the common town-wits
and the downright country fools, than that the firft are pertly in
the wrong, with a little more gaiety ; and the laft neither in
the right nor the wrong. Pope.
2. Saucily; petulantly.
Yonder walls, that pertly front your town,
Yond towers, whole wanton tops do bufs the clouds,
Muft kifs their own feet. Shakefpeare,
When you pertly raife your fnout,
Fleer, and gibe, and laugh, and flout ;
This, among Hibernian affes,
For fhcer wit, and humour paffes. Swift.
Pe rtness. n. J. [from pert.]
1. Brifk folly ; faucinefs ; petulance.
Dulnefs delighted ey’d the lively dunce,
Remembring fhe herfelf was pertnejs once. Dunciad.
2. Petty livelinefs; fpritelinefs without force, dignity or folidity.
There is in Shaftfbury’s works a lively pertnefs and a pa¬
rade of literature ; but it is hard that we fliould be bound to
admire the reveries. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
Pertra'nsirnt. adj. [pertranj.cns, Lat.] Palling over. Dili.
To PERTURB. 7 r* , * t *• n
To PERTU'RBATE. J v' a' \-Perturbo-> Latin.]
1. Todifquiet; to difturb ; to deprive of tranquility.
Reft, reft, perturbed fpirit. Shakefp.
His wafting flefh with anguifh burns,
And his perturbed foul within him mourns. Sandys.
2. Todiforder; to confufe; to put out of regularity.
They are content to fuffer the penalties annexed, rather
than perturb the publick peace. King Charles.
The infervient and brutal faculties controul’d the fuggeftions of truth ; pleafure and profit overfwaying the inftructions of honefty, and fenfuality perturbing the reafonable
commands of virtue. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
The acceffion or feceflion of bodies from the earth’s furface perturb not the equilibration of either hemifphere. Brown.
PeR.tuRba/tion. n.f [perturbatio, Lat. perturbation, Fr.]
1. Difquiet of mind; deprivation of tranquillity.
Love was not in their looks, either to God,
Nor to each other; but apparent guilt.
And fhame, and perturbation, and defpair. Milton.
The foul as it is more immediately and ftrongly affedled by
this part, fo doth it manifeft all its paffions and perturbations
by it. Ray on the Creation.
2. Reftleffnefs of paffions.
Natures, that have much heat, and great and violent de¬
fires and perturbations, are not ripe for adtion, till they have
paffed the meridian of their years. Bacon’s EJfays.
3. Difturbance ; diforder ; confulion ; commotion.
Although the long diffentions of the two houfes had had
lucid intervals, yet they did ever hang over the kingdom, ready
to break forth into new perturbations and calamities. Bacon.
4. Caufe of difquiet.
O polifh’d perturbation ! golden care !
That keep’ft the ports of (lumber open wide
To many a watchful night: deep with it now.
Yet not fo found, and half fo deeply fweet.
As he, whofe brow with homely biggen bound;
Sleeps out the watch of night. Shakefp. Henry IV.
5. Commotion of paffions.
Reftore yourfelves unto your temper, fathers j
And, without perturbation, hear me fpeak. Ben. Johnfon.
Perturba'tour. n.f [perturbator, Lat. perturbvteur, Fr.]
Raifer of commotions.
Pertu'sed. adj. [pertufus, Lat.] Bored; punched; pierced
with holes. Dift,
Pertu'sion. n.f. [from pertufus, Latin.]
1. The adf of piercing or punching.
The manner of opening a vein in Hippocrates’s time, was
by dabbing or pertufon, as it is performed in horfes. Arhuth.
2. Hole made by punching or piercing.
An empty pot without earth in it, may be put over a fruit
the better, if fome few pertufions be made in the pot. Bacon.
To PERVA'DE. v. a. [pervado, Lat.]
1. To pafs through an aperture; to permeate.
The labour’d chyle pervades the pores
In all the arterial perforated (hores. Blackmore.
Paper dipped in water or oil; the oculus mundi done
fteeped in water, linen-cloth oiled or varnilhed, and many
other fubftances foaked in fuch liquors as will intimately pervade their little pores, become by that means more tranfparent than otherwife. Newton's Opticks.
19 O 2. To
PER
2. To pafs through the whole cxtcnfton.
Matter, once bereaved of motion, cannot of itfelf ac¬
quire it again, nor till it be ftruck by fome other body from
without, or be intrinfically moved by an immaterial fclf-a&ive
fubftance, that can penetrate and pervade it. Bentley.
What but God ?
Pervades, adjufts and agitates the whole. 'Thomfon.
Perva'sion. n.f. [from pervade.] The a& of pervading or
pafling through.
If fufion be made rather by the ingrefs and tranfeurfions of
the atoms of fire, than by the bare propagation of that mo¬
tion, with which fire beats upon the outfide of the veffels, that
contain the matter to be melted ; both thofe kinds of fluidity,
aferibed to faltpetre, will appear to be caufcd by the pcrvafion
of a foreign body. Boyle.
PE'RVERSE. adj. [ pervers, Fr. perverfus, Lat.]
1. Diftorted from the right.
And nature breeds
Perverfey all monftrous, all prodigious things. Milton,
2. Obftinate in the wrong; ftubborn ; untradfable.
Then for the teftimony of truth haft born
XJniverfal reproach ; far worfe to bear
Than violence ; for this was all thy care
To ftand approv’d in fight of God, though worlds
Judg’d thee perverfe. Milton's Paradtfe Lojl.
To fo perverfe a fex all grace is vain.
It gives them courage to offend again. Dryden.
3. Petulant] vexatious.
Oh gentle Romeo,
If thou doft love, pronounce it faithfully.
Or if you think I am too quickly won.
I’ll frown and be perverfey and fay thee nay,
So thou wilt wooe : but elfe not for the world. Shakefp.
Perve rsely, adv. [from perverfe.'] With intent to vex;
peevifhly; vexatioufly ; fpitefully ; crofsly ; with petty ma¬
lignity.
Men perverfely take up picques and difpleafures at others,
and then every opinion of the difliked perfon muft partake of
his fate. Decay of Piety.
Men that do not perverfely ufe their words, or on purpofe
fet themfelves to cavil, leldom miftake the fignification of
the names of fimple ideas. Locke.
A patriot is a dangerous poft.
When wanted by his country moll,
Perverfely comes in evil times.
Where virtues are imputed crimes. Swift.
Perve rseness, n.f [fromperverfe.]
1. Petulance; peevifhnefs ; fpiteful croffnefs.
A wholefome tongue is a tree of life; perverfenefs therein
is a breach in the fpirit. Proverbs xv. 4.
Virtue hath tome perverfenefs; for fhe will
Neither believe her good, nor others ill. Donne.
He whom he wifhes mod, fhall feldom gain
Through her perverfenefs ; but fhall fee her gain’d
By a far worfe. Milton s Paradife Loft.
The perverfenefs of my fate is fuch,
That he’s not mine, becaufe he’s mine too much. Dryden.
When a friend in kindnefs tries
To {hew you where your error lies,
Conviction does but more incenfe ;
Perverfenefs is your whole defence. Swift.
2. Perverfton ; corruption. Not in ufe.
Neither can this be meant of evil governours or tyrants ;
for they are often eftablifhed as lawful potentates ; but of
fome perverfenefs and defection in the very nation itfelf.
Bacon.
Perve'rsion. n.f. [perverfwiyYr. from perverfe.] The aCt
of perverting ; change to fomething worfe.
Women to govern men, flaves freemen, are much in the
fame degree ; all being total violations and perverfions of the
laws of nature and nations. Bacon.
He fuppofes that whole reverend body are fo far from diijiking popery, that the hopes of enjoying the abby lands
would be an effectual incitement to their perverfion. Swift.
Perversity, n.f. [perverfite, Fr. from perverje.] Perverfe¬
nefs ; croflhefs.
What ftrange perverfity is this of man !
When ’twas a crime to tafte th’ inlightning tree.
He could not then his hand refrain. Norris.
To PERVE'RT. v. a. [perverto, Lat. pervertir, Fr.]
1. To diftort from the true end or purpoie.
Inftead of good they may work ill, and pervert juftice to
extreme jnjuftice. Spenfer’s State of Ireland.
If thou feeft the oppreftion of the poor, and violent per¬
verting of juftice in a province, marvel not. EccluJ. v. 8. /
If then his providence
Out of our evil feek to bring forth good,
Our labour muft be to pervert that end.
And out of good ftill to find means of evil. Milton.
He has perverted my meaning by his gloftes ; and inter¬
preted my words into blafphemy, of which they were not
guilty. ' Dryden.
P E S
Porphyry has wrote a volume to explain this cave of the
nymphs with more piety than judgment; and another perfon
has perverted it into obfcenity; and both allegorically. Broome.
2. To corrupt; to turn from the right; oppofed to convert,
which is to turn from the wrong to the right.
The heinous and defpiteful aCt
Of Satan, done in Paradife, and how
He in the ferpent had perverted Eve,
Her hufband fhe, to tafte -the fatal fruit,
Was known in heav’11. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Perve'rter. n. f [from pervert.]
1. One that changes any thing from good to bad ; a corrupter.
Where a child finds his own parents his perverterSy he can¬
not be fo properly born, as damned into the world. South.
2. One who diftorts any thing from the right purpofe.
He that reads a prohibition in a divine law, had need be
well fatisfied about the fenfe he gives it, left he incur the
wrath of God, and be found a perverter of his law. Stillingfl.
Perve'rtible. adj. [from pervert.] That may be cafily
perverted. Amfworth.
PERVICA'CIOUS. adj. [pervicaxy Lat.J Spitefully obftinate;
peevifhly contumacious.
May private devotions be efficacious upon the mind of one
of the moft pcrvicacious young creatures ! Clarijfa.
Pervica'ciously. adv. [from pervicacious.] With fpiteful
obftinacy.
Pervica'ciousness.
Pervica'city.
Per vi'cacy.
PERVIOUS, adj. [pervius, Latin.]
1. Admitting pafl’age ; capable of being permeated.
The Egyptians uled to fay, that unknown darknefs is the
firft principle of the world ; by darknefs they mean God,
whole fecrets are pervious to no eye, Taylor.
• Leda’s twins
Confpicuous both, and both in aCt to throw
Their trembling lances brandifh’d at the foe.
Nor had they mifs’d ; but he to thickets fled,
Conceal’d from aiming fpears, not pervious to the fteed.
Dryden.
Thofe lodged in other earth, more lax and perviousy de¬
cayed in tradt of time, and rotted at length. IVoodward.
2. Pervading ; permeating. This fenfe is not proper.
What is this little, agile, pervious fire,
This flutt’rino; motion which we call the mind ? Prior.
Pe'rviousness. n.f. [from pervious.] Quality of admitting
a paffage.
The pervioufnefs of our receiver to a body much more
fubtile than air, proceeded partly from the loofer texture of
that gjafs the receiver was made of, and partly from the enor¬
mous heat, which opened the pores of the glafs. Boyle,
There will be found another difference befides that of pervioufnefs. Holder's Elements of Speech.
Peru'ke. n.f [peruqueyYr.] A cap of falfe hair ; a periwig
I put him on a linen cap, and his peruke over that.
JVifeman.
To Peru'ke. v, a. [from the noun.] To drefs in adfcititious
hair.
Peru'kemaker. n.f [tperuke and maker.] A maker of pe¬
rukes ; a wigmaker.
Peru'sal. [from perufe.] The a<ft of reading.
As pieces of miniature muft be allowed a clofer infpedKon,
fo this treatife requires application in the perufal. IVoodward.
If upon a new perufal you think it is written in the very
fpirit of the ancients, it deferves your care, and is capable of
being improved. Atterbury.
To PERU'SE. v. a. [per and ufe.]
1. To read,
Pcrufe this writing here, and thou {halt know
The treafon. Shahejp. Richard II.
The petitions being thus prepared, do you conftantly fet
apart an hour in a day to perufe thofe petitions. Bacon.
Carefully obferve, whether he taftes the diftinguifhino; per¬
fections or the fpecifick qualities of the author whom he
pe’ujes. Addfon's Spectator, NQ 409.
2. To obferve ; to examine.
I hear the enemy ;
Out fome light horfemen, and perufe their wings. Shakef
I’ve perus'd her well;
Beauty and honour in her are fo mingled.
That they have caught the king. Shakefpeare.
Myfelf I then perus'd, and limb by limb
Survey’d. Milton's Paradije Lojl.
Peru'ser. n.f. [from perufe.] A reader; examiner.
The difficulties and hefitations of every one will be ac¬
cording to the capacity of each perujery and as his penetra¬
tion into nature is greater or lefs. IVoodward.
Pesade. n.f
Pefade is a motion a horfe makes in raifing or lifting up his
forequarters, keeping his hind legs upon the ground without
ftirring. Farrier’s Dift.
n.f. [pervicacia, Lat. from pervicacious.]
Spiteful obftinacy.
4
Pessary.
Dryden.
Swift.
TuJJer.
Milton.
P E S
Pe ssary, n.f [pejfarie, Fr.] Is an oblong form of medicine,
made to thruft up into the uterus upon fome extraordinary
occalions.
Of cantharides he prefcribes five in a peffary, cutting oft'
their heads and feet, mixt with myrrh. Arbuthnot.
PEST, n.f [pejle, Fr. pejlis, Lat.J
1. Plague; peftilence.
Let fierce Achilles
The god propitiate, and thepejl afluage. Pope.
2. Any thing mifchicvous or deftrutftive.
The pejl a virgin’s face and bofom bears, n
High on her crown a rifing fnake appears, v.
Guards her black front, and hides in her hairs. Pope. }
At her words the hellifh pejl
Forbore. . Milton's Paradife Loft.
Of all virtues juftice is the beft ;
Valour without it is a common pejl. Waller.
To Pe'ster. v. a. [pejter, Fr.J
To difturb ; to perplex ; to harafs ; to turmoil.
Who then Ihall blame
His pejter’d fenfes to recoil and ftart.
When all that is within him does condemn
Itfelf for being there. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
He hath not fail’d to pejter us with meflage,
Importing the furrender of thofe lands. Shakefpeare.
We are fejiered with mice and rats, and to this end the
cat is very ferviceable. Mores Antidote againjl Alhefm.
They did fo much pejter the church and grolsly delude the
people, that contradi&ions themfelves aflerted by Rabbies were
equally revered by them as the infallible will of God.
South's Sermons.
A multitude of fcribblers daily pejter the world with their
infufferable ftufF. ‘ ~
At home he was purfu’d with noife ;
Abroad was pejler'd by the boys.
2. To encumber.
Fitches and peafe
For pejl'ring too much on a hovel they lay.
Confin’d and pejter'din this pinfold here,
Strive to keep up a frail and feverifh being.
Pe'sterer. n.f. [frompejter.One that pelters or difturbs.
Pe'sterous. adj. from pejter.] Encumbering; cumberfome.
In the ftatute againft vagabonds note the difiike the par¬
liament had of goaling them, as that which was chargeable,
pejterous, and of no open example. Bacon's Henry VII.
Pe sthouse. n.J. [from pejl and houfe.] An hofDital for perfons infe&ed with the plague.
Pesti'ferous. adj. [from pefifer, Lat.J
1. Deftru&ive; mifchievous.
Such is thy audacious wickednefs.
Thy leud, pejlif'rous and diftentious pranks,
The very infants prattle of thy pride. Shakefp.
You, that have difcover’d fecrets, and made fuch pejliferous reports of men nobly held, muft die. Shakefp.
2. Peftilential ; malignant; infectious.
It is eafy to conceive how the fleams of pejiferous bodies
taint the air, while they are alive and hot. Arbuthnot.
Pestilence, n.f. [pejiilence, Fr. pejlilentia, Lat.J Plague j
peft; contagious diftemper.
The rz<\pejiilence Mike all trades in Rome,
And occupations perifh. Shakefp.
When my eyes beheld Olivia firft,
Methought Ihe purg’d the air of pejiilence. Shakefp.
Pe'stilent. adj. [pejiiltnt, Fr. pejlilens, Lat.J
1. Producing plagues ; malignant.
_ Great ringing of bells in populous cities diflipated pejiilcnt
air, which may be from the concuftion of the air, and not
Irom the found. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
To ti ole people that dwell under or near the equator, a
peipetual fpring would be a moft pejiilent and infupportable
’ Bentley's Sermon,.
2. Mifchievous; deftru&ive.
. ^ here is nothing more contagious and pejiilent than fome
kinds of harmony ; than fome nothing more ftrong and potent
unto good. Hooker, b. v. f 38.
Hoary moulded bread the foldiers thrufting upon their
fpears railed againft king Ferdinand, who with luch corrupt
and pejiilent bread would feed them. Knolles.
Which prefident, of pejiilent import,
Againft thee, Henry, had been brought. Daniel.
The world abounds with pejiilent books, written againft
this doiftrine. . Swift's Mifcellanies.
3.In ludicrous language, it is ufed to exaggerate the meaning
of another word.
One pejiilent fine.
His beard no bigger though than thine,
Walked on before the reft. Suckling,
Pestilential, adj. \pejiilenciel, Fr. pejlilens, Lat.J
I. Partaking of the nature of peftilence; producing peftilence;
infectious ; contagious.
Thefe with the air palling into the lungs, infeCt the mafs
of blood, and lay the foundation of pejlilential fevers. Woodw,
P E T
Fire involv’d
In pejlilential vapours, ftcnch and fmoak. Addijon.
2. Mifchievous; deftruCtive ; pernicious.
If government depends upon religion, then this Ihews the
pejlilential defign of thofe that attempt to disjoin the civil and
ecclefiaftical interefts. South’s Sermons.
Pe'stilently. adv. [from pejiilent.] Mifchievoufly; deftruCtively.
Pestilla'tion. n.f [pijlillum, Lat.J The aCl of pounding
or breaking in a mortar.
The beft diamonds are comminuble, and fo far from
breaking hammers, that they fubmit unto pejiillation, and re¬
fill not any ordinary peftle. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Pe'stle. n.f. [pijlillum, Lat.J An inftrument with which
any thing is broken in a mortar.
What real alteration can the beating of the pejlle make in
any body, but of the texture of it. Locke.
Upon our vegetable food the teeth and jaws aCl as the pejlle
and mortar. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Pestle of Pork. n.f. A gammon of bacon. Ainf.
Pet. n. J. [This word is of doubtful etymology ; from defpit,
Fr. or impetus, Lat. perhaps it may be derived fome way
from petit, as it implies only a little fume or fret.J
1. A flight paflion ; a flight fit of anger.
If all the world
Should in a pet of temperance feed on pulfe.
Drink the clear ftream, and nothing wear but freeze,
Th’ all-giver would be unthankt, would be unprais’d.
Milton.
If we cannot obtain every vain thing we afk, our next bufinefs is to take pet at the refuial. L'Ejlran<re.
Life, given for noble purpofes, muft not be thrown up in
a pet, nor whined away in love. Collier.
They caufe the proud their vilits to dUay,
And fend the godly in a pet to pray. Pope.
2. A lamb taken into the houle, and brought up by hand. A
cade lamb. [Probably from petit, little.J Hanmer.
PE'TAL. n.f. [petalum, Latin.J
Petal is a term in botany, iignifying thofe fine coloured
leaves that compofe the flowers of all plants : whence plants
are diftinguifhed into monopetalous, whole flower is one con¬
tinued leaf; tnpetalous, pentapetalous and polypetalous,
when they confift of three, five or many leaves. JJuincy.
Peta'lous. adj. from petal*.] Having petals.
Pe'tard. \n’f' lPetard-> Fr. petardo, Italian.J
A petard is an engine of metal, almoft in the fhape of an
hat, about feven inches deep, and about five inches over at
the mouth : when charged with fine powder well beaten, it
is covered with a madrier or plank, bound down faft with
ropes, running through handles, which are round the rim
near the mouth of it: this petard is applied to gates or bar¬
riers of fuch places as are defigned to be furprized, to blow
them up : they are alio ufed in countermines to break through
into the enemies galleries. Military Diet.
’Tis the lport to have the engineer
Hoift with his own petar. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet.
Find all his having and his holding-.
Reduc’d t’ eternal nolle and lcolding ;
The conjugal petard that tears
Down all portcullices of ears. Hudibras.
Pete'chial. adj. [frompetechia, Lat.J Peftilentially fpotted.
In London are many fevers with buboes and carbuncles
and many petechial or ipotted fevers. Arbuthnot.
Pe'ter-wort. n.f. This plant differs from St. John’s-wort,
only in having a pyramidal feed-veftel, divided into five
cells. JAiHer.
PE'TIT. adj. [French.J Small ; inconfiderable.
By what fmall petit hints does the mind recover a vanifhin^
T . . . South’s Sermons.
PETITION, n.f. [petitio, Latin.J
1. Requeft; intreaty; fupplication; prayer.
We muft propofe unto all men certain petitions incident
and very material in caufes of this nature. Hooker.
My next poor petition
Is, that his noble grace would have fome pity
Upon my wretched women. Shakefp.
Let my life be given at my petition, and my people at my
requeft. Ejther vii. 3.
1 hou didft choofe this houfe to be called by thy name, and
to be a houfe of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Mac. vii.
2. Single branch or article of a prayer.
Then pray’d that fhc might ftill poftefs his heart
And no pretending rival fhare a part;
This laPc petition heard of all her pray’r. Drvden
Tphcate TI°N‘ [from the noun-J Tofolicite; tofup-
^ You have petition'd all the gods
j Shakefp. Coriolanus.
,1 fr P' llt10,1 ed her goddefs to beftow upon them the
greateit gift that could be given. Addijon.
Petitjo narily.
PET
PetTtion arily. adv. [frompetitionary.] By way of begging
the queftion.
This doth but petitionarily infer a dextrality in the heavens,
and we may as reafonably conclude a right and left laterality
in the ark of Noah. Brown.
Petitionary, n. f. [from petition.]
1. Supplicatory; coming with petitions.
Pardon thy petitionary countrymen. Shakefp.
It is our bale petitionary breath
That blows ’em to this greatnefs. Ben. Johnfon.
2. Containing petitions or requefts.
Petitionary prayer belongeth only to fuch as are in themfelves impotent, and ftand in need of relieffrom others. Hooker.
I return only yes or no to queftionary and petitionary epiftles
of half a yard long. Swift.
Petitioner, n.f [from petition.'] One who offers a pe¬
tition.
When you have received the petitions, and it will pleafe
the petitioners well to deliver them into your own hand, let
your fecretary firft read them, and draw lines under the ma¬
terial parts. Bacon.
What pleafure can it be to be encumbered with depen¬
dences, thronged and furrounded with petitioners ? South.
Their prayers are to the reproach of the petitioners, and
to the confulion of vain defires. L'EJlrange.
His woes broke out, and begg’d relief
With tears, the dumb petitioners of grief. Dryden.
The Roman matrons prefented a petition to the fathers;
this raifed fo much raillery upon the petitioners, that the
ladies never after offered to diredt the lawgivers of their
country. Addijon.
Petitory, adj. [petitorius, Lat. petitoire, Fr.J Petitioning;
claiming the property of any thing. Ainf.
Petre. n.f. [from petra, a ftone.] Nitre; fait petre. See
Nitre.
Powder made of impure and greafy petre, hath but a weak
emiflion, and gives but a faint report. Brown.
< The veffel was firft well nealed to prevent cracking, and
covered to prevent the falling in of any thing, that might
unfeafonably kindle the petre. Boyle.
Nitre, while it is in its native ftate, is called petre-ialt,
when refined fait-petre. IVoodward.
Petre scent, adj. [petrefcens, Lat.] Growing ftone; be¬
coming ftone.
A cave, from whofe arched roof there dropped down a
petrefcent liquor, which oftentimes before it could fall to the
ground congealed. Boyle.
Petrifaction, n.f. [frompetrifio, Lat.]
1. The adl of turning to ftone; the ftate of being turned to
ftone.
Its concretive fpirit has the feeds of petrifaction and gorgon
within itfelfi Brown.
2. That which is made ftone.
Look over the variety of beautiful (hells, petrifactions,
ores, minerals, ftones, and other natural curiofities. Cheyne.
Petri'factive. [from petrifado, Lat.] Having the power
to form ftone.
There are many to be found, which are but the lapidefcences and petrifaCtive mutation of bodies. Brown.
Petrification, n.f [petrification, Fr. from petrify.] A body
formed by changing other matter to ftone.
In thele ftrange petrifications, the hardening of the bodies
feems to be effected principally, if not only, as in the indu¬
ration of the fluid fubftances of an egg into a chick, by al¬
tering the difpofition of their parts. Boyle.
Petri'fick. adj. [pctrificus, Lat.] Having the power to
change to ftone.
The aggregated foil
Death with his mace petrifick, cold and dry,
As with a trident, fmote. Milton s Paradife Loft.
To Petrify, v. a. [petrifier, Fr. petra and fio, Lat.] To
change to ftone.
Schifm is markt out by the apoftle to the Hebrews, as a kind
of petrifying crime, which induces induration. Decay ofPiety.
Though their fouls be not yet wholly petrified, yet every
adl of fin makes gradual approaches to it. Decay of Piety.
A few refemble petrified wood. IVoodward.
Full in the midft of Euclid dip at once.
And petrify a genius to a dunce.
To Pe'trify. v. n. To become ftone.
Like Niobewe marble grow,
And petrify with grief. Dryden.
JTkoLum. \"-f- 0<^,Fr.]
Petrol or petroleum is a liquid bitumen, black, floating on
the water of fprings. IVoodward.
Pe'tronel. n.f. [petrinal, Fr.] A piftol; a fmall gun ufed
by a horfeman.
And he with petronel upheav’d,
Inftead of fliield the blow receiv’d,
The gun recoil’d as well it might. Hudibras.
Pp'tticoat. n. f. petit and coat.] T he lower part of a wo¬
man’s drefs. 7
Pope.
PET j
What trade art thou, Fuble ?—a woman’s taylor, fir.—,
Wilt thou make as many holes in an enemy’s battle, as thou
haft done in a woman’s petticoat ? Sbakefpeare.
Her feet beneath her petticoat,
Like little mice, ftole in and out,
As if they fear’d the light. Suckling.
It is a great compliment to the fex, that the virtues are
generally fhewn in petticoats. Addifin.
To fifty chofen fylphs, of fpecial note.
We truft th’ important charge, the petticoat;
Oft have we known that fevenfold fence to fail,
Though ftiff with hoops, and arm’d with ribs of whale.
Pope's Rape of the Lock.
Pettifo'gger. n.f. [corrupted from pettivoguer; petit and
voguer, Fr.] A petty fmall-rate lawyer.
The worft conditioned and leaft cliented petivoguers get,
under the fweet bait of revenge, more plentiful profecution of
adtions. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
Your pettifoggers damn their fouls
To fhare with knaves in cheating fools. Hudibras.
Confider, my dear, how indecent it is to abandon your
(hop and follow pettifoggers ; there is hardly a plea between
two country efquires about a barren acre, but you draw yourfelf in as bail, furety or folicitor. Arbuthnot's Hijl. ofJ. Bull.
Phyficians are apt to defpife empiricks, lawyers, pettifoggers, merchants and pedlars. Swift.
Pettiness, n.f [from petty.] Smallnefs; littlenefs; inconfiderablenefs; unimportance.
The Ioffes we have borne, the fubjedfs we
Have loft, and the difgrace we have digefted ;
To anfwer which, his pettinefs would bow under. Shakefp.
Pe''ttish. adj. [fromy>^.] Fretful; peevifh.
Nor doth their childhood prove their innocence;
They’re froward, pettijh, and unus’d to fmile. Creech.
Petti'shness. n.f. [frompettijh.] Fretfulnefs; peevifhnefs.
Like children, when we lofe our favourite plaything, we
throw away the reft in a fit of pettijhnefs. Collier.
Petti'toes. n.f. [petty and toe.]
1. The feet of a fucking pig.
2. Feet in contempt.
My good clown grew fo in love with the wenches fong,
that he would not ftir his pettitoes, till he had both tune and
words. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
PFJTTO. [Italian.] The bread; figurative by privacy.
PE'TTY. adj. [petit, Fr.] Small; inconfiderable; inferiour:
little.
When he had no power;
But was a petty fervant to the ftate,
He was your enemy. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
It is a common experience, that dogs know the dog-killer ;
when, as in time of infection, fome petty fellow is fent out
to kill the dogs. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
It importeth not much, fome petty alteration or difference
it may make. _ Bacon.
Will God incenfe his ire
For fuch a petty trefpafs. Milton.
From thence a thoufand leffer poets fprung.
Like petty princes from the fall of Rome. Denham.
They believe one only chief and great God, which hath
been from all eternity ; who when he propofed to make the
world, made firft other gods of a principal order; and after,
the fun, moon and ftars, as petty gods. Stillinjleet.
By all I have read of petty commonwealths, as well as the
great ones, it feems to me, that a free people do of themfelves divide into three powers. Swift.
Bolonia water’d by the petty Rhine. Addifon.
Can there an example be given, in the whole courfe of
this war, where we have treated the pcttiejl prince, with
whom we have had to deal, in fo contemptuous a manner.
• Swift's Mifcellanies.
Pe'ttcoy. n.f An herb. Ainfworth.
Pe'tulance. ) n.f. [petulance, Fr. petulantia, Lat.] SauciPe'tui-ancy. J nefs ; peevifhnefs ; wantonnefs.
It was excellently faid of that philofopher, that there was
a wall or parapet of teeth fet in our mouth, to reftrain the
petulancy of our words. Ben. Johnfon.
Such was others petulancy, that they joyed to fee their bet¬
ters fhamefully outraged and abufed. ' * King Charles.
W ife men knew that which looked like pride in fome, and
like petulance in others, would, by experience in affairs and
converfation amongft men, be in time wrought oft. Clarendon.
However their numbers, as well as their infolence and perverfenefs increafed, many inftances of petulancy and feurrility
are to be feen in their pamphlets. Sivift.
There appears in our age a pride and petulancy in youth,
zealous to caft off the ientiments of their fathers and
teachers. Watts's Logick.
Pe'tulaNT. adj. [petulans, Lat. petulant, Fr.]
I. Saucy; perverfe.
If the opponent fees victory to incline to his fide, let him
fhew the force of his argument, withouttoo importunate and
petulant demands of an anfwer. Watts.
2. Wanton.
P H A
2. Wanton.
The tongue of a man is fo petulant, and his thoughts fo
variable, that one fhould not lay too great ftrefs upon any
prefent fpeechcs and opinions. Spectator, N° 439.
Petu'lantly. adv. [from petulant.] With petulance: with
faucy pertnefs.
Pew. n.f. [puye> Dutch.] A feat inclofed in a church.
When Sir Thomas More was lord chancellor, he did ufe,
at mais, to fit in the chancel, and his lady in a pew. Bacon.
Should our fex take it into their he^ds to wear trunk
breeches at church, a man and his wife would fill a whole
pew. _ Addifon.
Pt'WET. n.f. [piewit, Dutch.]
2. A water fowl.
We reckon the dip-chick, fo named of his diving and
littlenefs, puffins, pewets, meawes. Carew.
2. The lapwing.
PE'WTER. n.f. [peauter, Dutch.] A compound of metals;
an artificial metal.
Coarfe pewter is made of fine tin and lead. Bacon.
The pewter, into which no water could enter, became
more white, and liker to filver, and lefs flexible. Bacon.
Pewter difhes, with water in them, will not melt eafily,
but without it they will; nay, butter or oil, in themfelves
inflammable, yet, by their moifture, will do the like. Bacon.
2. The plates and difhes in a houfe.
The eye of the miftrefs was wont to make her pewter
flfiue. Addifon.
Pew'terer. a./ [from pewter.] A fmith who works in
pewter.
He fhall charge you and difcharge you with the motion of
apewterer's hammer. Shakefpear's Henry IV.
We caufed a fkilful pewterer to clofe the veilel in our
prefence with foder exquifitely. Boyle.
Phenomenon, n.f. This has fometimesphenomena in the
plural. [^«»wf*tvov.] An appearance in the works of nature.
The paper was black, and the colours intenfe and thick,
that the phcenomenon might be confpicuous: Newton.
Thefe are curiofities of little or no moment to the under¬
standing the phcenomenon of nature. Newton.
Phagede'na. n.f. [(pocyiSuiva,; from (pdyu, edo, to eat.]
An ulcer, where the fharpnefs of the humours eats awav the
flefh.
Phagede'nous. S*dj‘ lPha£edemlue> Fr-] Eating; corroding.
Phagedenick medicines, are thofe which eat away fungous
or proud flefh.
A bubo, according to its malignancy, either proves eafily
curable, or terminates in a phagedenous ulcer with jagged
1*PS* TVifemarCs Surgery
When they are very putrid and corrofive, which circumftances give them the name of foul phagedenick ulcers, fome
fpirits of wine fhould be added to the fomentation. Sharp.
Pha'lanx. n. f. [phalanx, Lat. phalange, Fr.] A troop of
men clofely embodied.
Far otherwife th’ inviolable faints.
In cubic phalanx firm, advanc’d entire
Invulnerable, impenetrably arm’d. Milton's Par. LoJl.
Who bid the dork, Columbus-like explore
Heav’ns not his own, and worlds unknown before ?
Who calls the council, dates the certain day ?
Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way ? Pope.
The Grecian phalanx, movelefs as a tow’r,
On all fides batter’d, yet refills his pow’r. Pope.
Phantasm. \n- J- [(PosiiJoar/za, (posvlxtrios ; phantafme, phanPhanta'sma. J tafie, Fr.J Vain and airy appearance; fomething appearing only to imagination.
All the interim is
Like a phantafma or a hideous dream. Shakefpearc.
1 his armado is a Spaniard that keeps here in court
Aphantafm, a monarcho, and one that makes fport
1 o the prince and his book-mates. Shakefpeare.
1 hey believe, and they believe amifs, becaufe they be but
phantajms or apparitions. Raleigh's Hifl. of the World.
If the great ones were in forwardnefs, the people were
in fury, entertaining this airy body or phantafm with incredible
affection ; partly out of their great devotion to the houfe of
York* partly out of proud humour. Bacon's Henry VII.
Why, J
Li this infernal vale firft met, thou call'd
Me father, and that phanta'm call'd my fon. Milton.
Allaying, by his devilifh art, to reach
The organs of her fancy, and with them forge
IJlufions,' as he lid, phantajms and dreams. Milton.
Phanta'stical. ) c P
p„ . £ See Fantastical*
THANTA'STICK. \ „
Phantom, n.f. [phantomc, French.]
I. A fpedtre; an apparition.
If he cannot help believing, that fuch things lie faw and
heard, he may dill have room to believe that, what this airy
phantom faid is not absolutely to be relied on. Atterbury.
A conflant vapour o’er the palace flies ;
Strange phantoms rifing as the mifls arife ;
p h i
Dreadful as hermit’s dreams in haunted fliades;
Or bright, as viiions of expiring maids. Pope.
2. A fancied vifion.
Redlefs and impatient to try every feheme and overture of
prefent bappinefs, he hunts a phantom he can never overtake.
Roger's Sermons.
As Pallas will’d, along the fable fkies-,
To calm the queen, the phantom fidcr flies. Pope.
Pharisaical. adj. [from pbarifee.] Ritual ; externally reli¬
gious, from the fed: of the Pharifees, whole religion con¬
fided almod wholly in ceremonies.
The caufes of fuperdition are plbafing and fenfual rites,
excefs of outward and pharifaical holinels, over-great reve¬
rence of traditions, which cannot but load the church. Bacon.
Suffer us not to be deluded with pharijaical wafhings in*
dead of chridian reformings. Ring Charles.
Phar.mace utical. \adj. [(f>#^t«>iEu7»xo?,from (px^/zoonevu.]
Pharmace utick. 3 Relating to the knowledge or art of
pharmacy, or preparation of medicines.
Pharmacologist, n.f. [(poc^p-aaov and xiyu).] One who
writes upon drugs. it
1 he ofteocolla is recommended by the common pharma¬
cologies as an abforbent and conglutinator of broken bones.
Woodward on Foffils.
harmac o log y. n.f. [(pdgp.ocxo» and Xiyas.J The know¬
ledge of drugs and medicines. • • -
Pharmacopoeia, n.f. [(pocgpccxov and tt-ciew ; pharmacopee,
^r-] A difpenfatory ; a book containing rules for the cornpofition of medicines.
Pharmaco polist. n. f. [(p<x^y.a.y,ov and 7rtoXta ; pharjnacopole, Fi.J An apothecary ; one who fells medicines.
Pha'rmacy. n.f. [from (poi^oexov, a Inedicine; pharm'dcie,
. Tr.J The art or pradtice of preparing medicines; the trade
of an apothecary.
Each dofe the goddefs weighs with watchful eye,
So nice her art in impious pharmacy. Garth.
Pharos. In.f [from pharos in Egypt.] A light-houfe; a
Phare. J lantern from the fhore to dired Tailors.
He augmented and repaired the port of Odia, built a
pharos or light-houfe. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Pharyngo tomy. n.f. and t The adt of
making an incilion into the wind-pipe, ufed when fome tu¬
mour in the throat hinders refpiration.
Phasels. n.f [phafeoli,Lzt.] French beans. Ainf
Pha sis. n.f. In the plural phafes. [(paV»f ; phafe, Fr.] Ap¬
pearance exhibited by any body; as the changes of the moom
All the hypothefes yet contrived, were built upon too nar¬
row an infpedion of the phafes of the univerfe. GlanvilL
He o er the Teas fhall love, or fame purfue ;
And other months, anotherphafis view ;
Fixt to the rudder, he fhall boldly deer,-
And pafs thofe rocks which Tiphys us’d to fear. Creech.
Phasm. n.f. [dpc£<yy.x.] Appearance; phantom; fancied ap¬
parition.
Thence proceed many aereal fidtions and phafms, and chymsras created by the vanity of our own hearts or feduction of
evil fpirits, and not planted in them by God. Hammonds
Pheasant, n.f [faifan, Fr. phafanus, from Phafis, the river
of Cholchos.] A kind of wild cock.
The hardeit to draw are tame birds ; as the cock; peacock
and pheafant. Peacham on Drawing.
Preach as I pleafe, I doubt our curious men
Will chufe a pheafant dill before a hen. Pope.
Pheer. n.f A companion. See Feer. Spenjer:
To Pheese. v. a. [perhaps to feaze.] To comb; to' fleece ;
to curry.
An he be proud with me, I’ll pheefe his pride. Sbakefp.
Pheni'copter. n.f [<poivni07rh(}(&>; pheenicopterus, Lat.] A
kind of bird, which is thus delcribed by Martial: J
Dat mihi penna rubens nomenfed lingua gulofis
Nojlrafapit; quidft garrule, linguaforet f
He blended together the livers of guikheads, the brains of
pheafants and peacocks, tongues of phenicopters, and the melts
of larhpres. , _ Hakewill on Providences
Phe nix. n.f. [(poivifc ; pheenix, Lat.] The bird which is
fuppofed to exid fingle, and to rife again from its own a-fhes.
1 here is one tree, the phenix throne ; one phenix
At this hour reigning there. Sbakefp. Tem'peJl.
To all the fowls he feems a phenixi Milton.
Having the idea of a phenix in my mind, the fird enquiry
is, whether fuch a thing does exid ? Locke.
Phenomenon, n.f [tpocivo^evov; phenomcne, Fr. it is therefore
often written phcenomenon-, but being naturahfed, it has chancedthe a:, which is not in the Englifh "language, to.*,] 5
1. Appearance; vifible quality<
Short-lighted minds are unfit to make philofophets* whofe
bufmefs , ,S to delcr.be m comprehenfive theories, the themmenu of the world and their caufes. Burnet
The moft confiderabie/,/;tnw;,mOT> belonging to terrdWai
bod.es ,s grav.tat.on, whereby all bodies m the vicinity of
the earth p.cfs towards its centre. B.nl.Ws Strums,
2. Any thing that llrikcs by any new appearance.
,c> ** Phi'au
P H I
Phi'al. n.f [pbiala, Lat. phiole, Fr.] A fmall bottle.
Upon my fecure hour thy uncle ftole
With juice of curled hebenon in a phial. > Shakefp.
He proves his explications by experiments made with a phial
full of water* and with globes of glafs filled with water.
Newton's Opticks.
Philanthropy, m f [(piXfw and dv^^oirog.] Loveofmankind; good nature.
Such a tranfient temporary good nature is not that philan¬
thropy, that love of mankind* which deferves the title of a
moral virtue. Addifon's Spectator, N 177*
Phili'ppick. adj. [from the inve&ives of Demofthenes againft
Philip of Macedon.J Any invedtive declamation.
Bhilo’loger. n.f [(piAoAo^o?.] One whofe chief ftudy is
language ; a grammarian; a critick.
Philologers and critical difcourfers, who look beyond the
fhell and obvious exteriors of things, will not be angry with
our narrower explorations. Brown.
You expedt, that I fhould difcourfe of this matter like a
naturalift, not a philologer. Boyle.
The beft philologers fay, that the original word does not
only fignify domeftick, as oppofed to foreign, but alfo pri¬
vate, as oppofed to common. Sprat's Sermons.
Philological, adj. [from philology.] Critical; gramma¬
tical.
Studies, called philological, are hiftory, language, grammar,
rhetorick, poefy and criticifm. Watts.
He who pretends to the learned profeffions, if he doth not
arife to be a critick himfelf in philological matters, fhould fre¬
quently converfe with dictionaries, paraphrafts, commentators
or other criticks, which may relieve any difficulties. Watts.
Philo'logist. n.f. [(piXoXoyo?.] A critick ; agrammarian.
PHILOLOGY, n.f. [(psXoXoyloc; philologie, Fr.] Criticifm;
grammatical learning.
Temper all difeourfes of philology with interfperfions of
morality. Walker.
Phi'lomel. In. f. [from Philomela, changed into a bird.]
Philome'la. 5 The nightingale.
Time drives the flocks from field to fold.
When rivers rage, and rocks grow cold,
And philomel becometh dumb. Shakefp.
Hears the hawk, when philomela fings ? Pope.
Liftening philomela deigns
To let themjoy. Thomfon.
Phi'lomot. adj. [corrupted from feuille morte, a dead leaf.]
Coloured like a dead leaf.
One of them was blue, another yellow, and another pbilomot, the fourth was of a pink colour, and the fifth of a pale
green. Addifon's Spectator, N° 265.
Philo'sopheme. n.f. [(pi\o<ro(prifjt.x.] Principle of reafoning; theorem. An unufual word.
You will learn how to addrefs yourfelf to children for their
benefit, and derive fome ufeful philofophemes for your own
entertainment. Watts.
Philosopher, n.f [philofophus, Lat. philofophe, Fr,] A
man deep in knowledge, either moral or natural.
Many found in belief have been alfo great philofophers.
Hooker's Ecclefiaflical Polity.
That ftone
Philofophers in vain fo long have fought. Milton.
Adam, in the ftate of innocence, came into the world a
philoj'opher, which Efficiently appeared by his writing the na¬
tures of things upon their names ; he could view eflences in
themfelves, and read forms without the comment of their refpedfive properties. South s Sermons.
They all our fam’d philofophers defie,
And would our faith by force of reafon try. Dryden.
If the philofophers by fire had been fo wary in their obfervations and fincere in their reports, as thole, who call them¬
felves philofophers, ought to have been, our acquaintance with
the bodies here about us had been yet much greater. Locke.
PhilosophersJlone. n.f A ftone dreamed of by alchemifts,
which, by its touch, converts bale metals into gold.
Philosophical. \a<%’ [pM°f°Phk > Fr. from philofophy:]
1. Belonging to philofophy ; fuitable to a philofopher j formed
by philofophy.
Others in virtue plac’d felicity :
The ftoic laft in philofophick pride
By him call’d virtue; and his virtuous man,
Wife, perfect in himfelf, and all poffeffing. Milton.
How could our chymick friends go on
'Fo find the philojophick ftone. Prior.
When the lafety of the publick is endangered, the appear¬
ance of a philofophical or afteeled indolence mull arife either
from ftupidity or perfidioufnefs. Addifon s Freeholder.
' is -Skilled in philofophy.
We have our philofophical perfons to make modern and fa¬
miliar, things fupernatural and caufelefs. Shakefp.
Acquaintance with God is not a fpcculative knowledge,
built on abftraCtcd reafonings about his nature and effence, fuch as pbilofoforical minds often bufy themfelves in.
P H L
without reaping from thence any advantage towards,regulating
their paffions, but practical knowledges Atterbury's Sermons.
3v Frugal; abllemious.
T his is what nature’s wants may well fuffice:
But fince among mankind lb few there are,
Who will conform to philojophick fare,
I’ll mingle fomething of our times to pleafe. Dryden-.
Philosophically, adv. [from philofophical.] In a philofo¬
phical manner ; rationally ; wifely. y
The law of commonweales that Cut off the right hand of
malefa&ors, if philofophically executed, is impartial; otherwife the amputation not equally puniftieth all. Brown.
No man has ever treated the pallion of love with fo much
delicacy of thought and of expreffion, or fearched into the
nature of it more phtlojophically than Ovid. Dryden.
If natural laws were once fettled, they are never to be reverfed; to violate and infringe them, is the fame as what we
call miracle, and doth not found very philofophically out of the
mouth of an atheift. Bentley's Sermons.
To Philosophize, v.a. [from philofophy.] To play the
philofopher* to reafon like a philofopher * to moralize ; to
enquire into the caufes of effeCts.
Qualities, that were occult to Ariffotle, muff be fo to us ;
and we muff not philofophize beyond fympathy arid antipathy.
Glanvill’s Scept.
The wax philofophized upon the matter, and finding out at
laft that it was burning, made the brick fo hard, caff itfelf
into the fire. _ _ LyEJlrange.
Two doctors of the fchools were philofophizing upon the
advantages of mankind above all other creatures. L'EJlrange.
Some of our philofophizing divines have too much exalted
the faculties of our fouls, when they have maintained, that
by their force mankind has been able to find out God. Dryd.
PHI'LOSOPHY. n.f [philofophie, Fr. pbilofophia, Latin.]
1. Knowledge natural or moral.
I had never read, heard nor feen any thing, I had never
any tafte of philofophy nor inward feeling in myfelf, which for
a while I did not call to my fuccour. Sidney.
Hang uyphilofophy;
Unlefs philofophy can make a Juliet,
Difplant a town, reverfe a prince’s doom.
It helps not. Shakefp.
The progrefs you have made in philofophy, hath enabled
you to benefit yourfelf with what I have written. Digby.
2. Hypothefis or fyftem upon which natural effe&s are ex¬
plained.
We ftiall in vain interpret their words by the notions of
our philofophy, and the do&rines in our fchools. Locke.
3. Reafoning; argumentation.
Of good and evil much they argu’d then
Vain wifdom all and falfe philofophy. Milton.
His decifions are the judgment of his paffions and not of
his reafon, the philofophy of the finner and not of the man.
Rogers's Sermons.
4. The courfe of fciences read in the fchools.
Phi'lter. n.f [(plxlgov; philtre, Fr.] Something to caufe love.
The melting kifs that fips
The jellied philtre of her lips. Cleaveland'.
This cup a cure for both our ills has brought,
You need not fear a philter in the draught. Dryden.
A philter that has neither drug nor enchantment in it,, love
if you would raife love. Addifon's Freeholder, N° 38.
To Phi'lter. v.a. [from the noun.] To charm to love.
Let not thofe that have repudiated the more inviting fin?,
fhew themfelves philtred and bewitched by this. Gov. ofTong.
Phiz. n.f. [This word is formed by a ridiculous contra&ion
fromphyfiognomy, and fhould therefore, if it be written at all,
be written phyz.] The face, in a fenfe of contempt.
His air was too proud, and his features amifs.
As if being a traitor had alter’d his phiz. Stepney.
Phlebo'tomist. n. f [phlebotomijle, Fr. from (pXsip and
Ti/x-vw.] One that opens a vein ; a bloodletter.
To Phlebo tomize, v. a. [phlebotomijer, Fr. from phlebotomy.]
To let blood.
The frail bodies of men muff have an evacuation for their
humours, and be phlebotomized. How. Tears.
PHLEBO'TOMY. n.f [(pXtfioTop.ix, CpAt-J, ^Ae|3(§h, vena,
and t£/avu * phlebotomie, Fr.] Bloodletting; the ail or prac¬
tice of opening a vein for medical intentions.
Although in indifpofitions of the liver or fpleen, confiderations are made in phlebotomy to their fituation, yet, when the
heart is affe&ed, it is thought as effe<ftual to Jdeed on the
right as the left. ° Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Pains for the fpending of the fpirits, come neareft to the co¬
pious and fwift lofs of fpirits by phlebotomy. Harvey.
PHLEGM, n. f. [(f>Alypx ; phlegme, Fr.]
I. The watry humour of the body, which, when it predomi¬
nates, is fuppoled to produce fluggifhnefs or dulnefs.
Make the proper ufe of each extreme,
And write with fury, but corredl with phlegm. Rofcommon.
He who fupreme in judgment, as in wit,
Might boldly ccnfurc, as he boldly writ,
Yet judg’d with coolnefs, though he fung vsithfiro;
Our
P H R
Our critics tike a contrary extreme.
They judge with fury, but they write with phle'tn. Pope.
Let melancholy rule fupreme, \
Choler preli'de, or blood or phlegm. Sivift.
2.Water. .
A linert cloth, dipped in common lpirit of wine, is not
burnt by the flame, bccaufe the phlegm of the liquor defends
the cloth. Boyle.
Phle'gmAGOGUES. n.f. [(pXtyfxoc, and clyu ; phlcgmagogue,
fr.] A purge of the milder fort, fuppofed to evacuate
phlegm and leave the other humours.
. The pituitoUs temper of the ftomachick ferment mud be
corrected, and phlegmagogues mult evacuate it. Floyer.
Phlegmatick. adj. [qMyfxothxbt; phlegmatique, Fr. from
phlegm.]
1. Abounding in phlegm.
A neat’s foot,
I fear, is too phlegmatick a meat. Shakefp.
The putrid vapours, though exciting a fever, do colliquate
the phlegmatick humours of the body. Harvey.
Chewing and fmoaking of tobacco is only proper for phleg¬
matick people. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Generating phlegm.
Negroes, tranfplanted into cold and phlegmatick habitations,
continue their hue in themfelves and generations. Brown.
3. Watry.
Spirit of wine is inflammable by means of its oily parts,
and being diftilled often from fait of tartar, grows by every
diftillation more and more aqueous andphlegmatick. Newton.
4. Dull; cold ; frigid.
As the inhabitants are of a heavy phlegmatick temper, if any
leading member has more fire than comes to his lhare, it is
quickly tempered by the coldnefs of the reft. Addifon.
Who but a hufband ever could perfuade
His heart to leave the bofom of thy love.
For any phlegmatick defign of ftate. Southern.
Phle'gmon. n.f. [(pxsyy.ovri.] An inflammation; a burn¬
ing tumour.
Phlegmon or inflammation is the firft degeneration from
good blood, and neareft of kin to it. IVifeman.
Phle gmonous. adj. [from phlegmon.] Inflammatory ; burn¬
ing.
It is generated fecoridarly out of the dregs and remainder
of a phlegmonous or cedematick tumour. Harvey.
Phleme. n.f. [from phlcebototnus, Lat.] A fleam, fo it is
commonly written ; ah inftrument which is placed on the
vein and driven into it with a blow; particularly in bleeding
of horfes.
Phlogi'ston. n. f. [<pXoyiros, from (pxiyu.]
1. A chemical liquor extremely inflammable.
2. The inflammable part of any body.
Pho'nicks. n. f. [from (puvri.] The dodrine of founds.
Phonoca'mptick. adj. [ipwvj? and xd/uzdlu.] Having the
power to infledt or turn the found, and by that to alter it.
The magnifying the found by the polyphonifms or repercuflions of the rocks, and otherphonocamptick objeds. Derham.
Phosphor. ) „ r r^i nu i . t
n > n. . I pbo phorus, Lat.l Phoshorus. S J u' jr >
1. The morning ftar.
Why fit we fad when phofphor fhines fo clear. Pope.
2. A chemical fubftance which, expofed to the air, takes fire.
Of lambent flame you have whole fheets in a handful of
phofphor. Addifon.
Liquid and folid phofphorus Ihow their flames more confpicuoufly, when expofed to the air. Cheyne.
Phrase, n.f. [(pgd<rtj.J
1. An idiom ; a mode of fpeech peculiar to a language.
2. An expreflion ; a mode of fpeech.
Now mince the fin.
And mollify damnation with a phrafe :
Say you Confented not to Sancho’s death.
But barely not forbad it. Dryden.
To fear the Lord, and depart from evil, are phrafes which
the feripture ufeth to exprefs the fum of religion. Tillotfon.
3. Stile; expreflion.
Thou fpeak’ft
In better phrafe and matter than thou didft. Shakefp.
To Phrase, v. a. [from the noun.] To ftile ; to call; to
terra.
Thefe funs,
For fo they phrafe them, by their heralds fchallenged
The noble ipirits to arms. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Phraseology, n.f. [(piecing and xiyu.]
1. Stile; didiom
The fcholars of Ireland feem not to have the leaft con¬
ception of a ftile, but run on in a flat phrafeology, often
mingled with barbarous terms. Swift's Mjcellanies.
2. A phrafe book. _ Ainf.
Phreni'tis. n.f. Hmf.J Madnefs; Inflammation of the
brain.
It is allowed to prevent a phrenitis. Wlfemail's Surgery.
Phrene tick. i adj. [(Pgevrflixof ; phrenitique, Fr.J Mad;
Pure ntick. £ inflamed in the brain ; frantick/
P H V
Phreneticks imagine they fee that without, which their
imagination is affected with within. Harvey'*,
What ceftrum, what pby'enetick mood,
Makes you thus lavifh of your blood. Hudtbras.
The world was little better than a common fold of phreAticks and bedlams. JVoodward's Natural Hiflory.
PHRE'NSY. n.f. [from tpgeviri?; phrenejte, Fr. whence, by
contradion, phreniy.] Madnefs ; franticknefs. This is too
often written frenzy. See FrEn^Y.
Many never think on God, but in, extremity of fear, and
then perplexity not fuffering them to be idle, they think and
do as it were in a phrenfy. Hooker, b. v.f ?.
Demoniack phrenfy, mooping melancholy. Milton.
Would they only pleafe themfelves in the delufion, the
phrenfy were more innocent; but lunaticks will needs be
- kings. Decay of Piety.
Phrenfy or inflammation of the brain, profufe hemorrhages
from the nofe refolve, and copious bleeding in the temporal
arteries. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Phthisi'cal. adj. [^S-unxo; ; phtyfiqne, Fr. from phthijick.]
Wafting.
Collodion of purulent matter in the capacity of the breaft,
if not (uddenly cured, doth undoubtedly impell the patient
into a phthifcal confumption. Harvey on Confumptions.
PHTHPSICK. n.f [QMw, phtyfie, Fr.J A confumption.
His dileafe was a phthifick or afthma oft incurring to an
orthopnea. Harvey on Confumptions.
Phthi'sis. n.f. [(pS-nnf.J A confumption.
Il the lungs be wounded deep, though they efcape the firft
nine days, yet they terminate in a phthifis or fiftula. JVifcman.
Philactery; n.J. [(pvXacxIrioiov ; phyladlerc, Fr.] A bandage
on which was inferibed fome memorable fentence.
1 he philaSlenes on their wrifts and foreheads were looked
on as fpells, which would yield them impunity for their
difobedience. Hammond.
Golden faylngs
On large phylotteries expreflive writ,
Were to the foreheads of the Rabbins ty’d. Prior;
Physical, adj. [phyfique, Fr. from phyfick.]
1. Relating to nature or to natural philofophy ; not moral.
The phyfical notion of neceflity, that without which the
work cannot poflibly be done; it cannot be affirmed of all
the articles of the creed, that they are thus neceffary. Hamm.
To refled on thofe innumerable fecrets of nature znd, phy¬
fical philofophy, which Homer wrought in his allegories, what
a new feene of wonder may this afford us ! Pope.
Charity in its origin is a phyfical and neceffary confequence
of the principle of re-uniori. Cheyne's Philofophical Principles.
2. Pertaining to the fcience of healing.
3. Medicinal; helpful to health.
Is Brutus fick ? and is it phyfical.
To walk unbraced, arid fuck Up the humours
Of the dank morning. Shakefp. Julius Cafiar.
The blood, I drop; is rather phyfical
Than dangerous to me. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
4. Refembling phyfick.
Phy'sically. adv. [fromphyfical.] According to nature ; , by
natural operation; in the way or fenfe of natural philofophy ;
not morally.
Time meafuring out their motion, informs us of the pe*
riods and terms of their duration, rather than effedeth or
phyfically produceth the fame. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The outward ad of worfhip may be confidered phyfically
and abftradly from any law, and fo it depends upon the na¬
ture of the intention, and morally, as good or evil : and fo it
receives its denomination from the law.. . Stillingficet.
Though the ad of the will commanding, and the ad of
any other faculty, executing that which isfo commanded, be
phjfically and in the precife nature of things diftind, yet mo¬
rally as they proced from one entire* free, moral agent, may
pafs for one and the fame adion. South's Sermons.
I do not fay, that the nature of light confifts in fmall round
globules, for I am not riow treating phyfically of light or
colours. .... Locke.
Physician, n.f. [pbyficien, Fr. from phyfick.] One who profeffes the art of healings
Truft riot the phyficiari;
His antidotes are poifon, and he flays . .
More than you rob. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Somephyficians are fo conformable to the humour of the pa¬
tient, as they prefs not the true cure of thedifeafe, and others
are fo regular, as they refped not fuffieiently the condition of
the patient. • Bacon's Mays.
His gratulatory verfe to king Henry, is not more witty than
the epigram upon the naffie of Nicolaus an ignorant phyfman,
who had been the death of thoufands. Peacham of Poetry.
Taught by thy art divine, the fage phfician
Eludes the rim; and chains; or exiles death. Prior.
PHYSICK. n. f. [(pu<rix»i, which, originally figriifying natural
philolophy, has, been transferred in many modern languages
to medicine.] The fcience of healing.
Were
P I A
Were it my bufinefs to underftand phyftck, would not the
fafer way be to confult nature herfelf in the hiftory of difeai'es
and their cures, than efpoufe the principles of the dogmatifts,
methodifts or chymifts. Locke.
2. Medicines ; remedies.
In itfelf We defire health, phyftck only for health’s fake.
Hooker, b. v.f 48.
Ufe phyftck or ever thou be fick. Eccluf. xviii. ig*
Prayer is the beft phyftck for marly melancholy difeafes.
Peacham.
He ’fcapes the beft, who nature to repair
Draws phyftck from the fields in draughts of vital air. Dryd.
3. [In common phrafe.J A purge.
The people ufe phyftck to purge themfelves of humours.
Abbot's Defcription of the World.
To Phy'sick. v. a. [from the noun.] To purge ; to treat
with phyftck ; to cure.
The labour we delight in, phyftcks pain., Shakefp.
It is a gallant child ; one that indeed phyfcks the fubjecft,
makes old hearts frefh. Shakefp. Winter's Pale.
Give him allowance as the worthier man;
For that will phyftck the great myrmidon
Who broils in loud applaufe. Shakefp.
In virtue and in health we love to be inftru&ed, as well
as phyfcked with pleafure. L'EJlrange.
Physico'theology, n.f [from phyftco and theology.] Divi¬
nity enforced or illuftrated by natural philofophy.
PhysioGnomer. In.f phyftonomife, Fr. [from phyftognomy.]
Physiognomist. £ One who judges of the temper or future
fortune by the features of the face.
Digonius, when he fhould have been put to death by the
Turk, ?iphyfiognomer wifhed he might not die, becaufe hewould
fow much diffention among the Chriftians. Peacham.
Apelles made his pictures fo very like, that a phyftognomi/l
and fortune-teller, foretold by looking on them the time of
their deaths, whom thofe pictures reprefented. Dryden,
Let the phyfognomjls examine his features. Arb. and Pope.
Physiogno'mick. \adj. [(pvo-ioyvuiAovuibs; from phyftogPhysiogno'monick. 3 nomy.] Drawn from the contempla¬
tion of the face ; converfant in contemplation of the face.
PHYSIO'GNOMY. n. f. [for phyftognomony; (pve’ioyvufxovloc;
phyfonomie, Fr.]
X. The a£t of difcovering the temper, and foreknowing the
fortune by the features of the face.
In all phyftognomy, the lineaments of the body will difcover
thofe natural inclinations of the mind which diffimulation will
conceal, or difcipline will fupprefs. Paeon's Nat. Hijl.
2. The face; the caft of the look.
• The aftrologer, who fpells the ftars,
Miftakes his globes and in her brighter eye
Interprets heaven’s phyftognomy. Cleaveland
They’ll find i’th’ phyfiognotnies
O’ th’ planets all men’s deftinies. Hudibras.
The end of portraits conftfts in exprefling the true temper
of thofe perfons which it reprefents, and to make known their
phyftognomy. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
The diftinguifhing chara&ers of the face, and the li¬
neaments of the body, grow more plain and vifible with time
and age ; but the peculiar phyftognomy of the mind is moll
difcernible in children. Locke.
Physio'logical. adj. [from phyftology.~\ Relating to the doc¬
trine of the natural conftitution of things.
Some of them feem rather metaphylical than phyfological
notions. Boyle.
Physio'logist. n.f. [from phyftology.] One verfed in phyfiology ; a writer of natural philofophy.
PHYSIO'LOGY. n.f. [(pwriff and xiyu; phyftologie, Fr.] The
doCtrine of the conftitution of the works of nature.
Difputing phyftology is of no accommodation to your defigns. Glanv'ill's Scept.
Philofophers adapted their defcription of the deity to the
vulgar, otherwife the conceptions of mankind could not be
accounted for from their phyftology. Bentley's Sermons.
Physy. n.f. [I fuppofe the fame withfujee.’] See Fusee.
Some watches are made with four wheels, fome have
firings and phyftes, and others none. Locke.
Phyti'vorous. adj. [(pvlov and voro, Lat.] That eats grafs
or any vegetable.
Hairy animals with only two large foreteeth, are all pbytivoroits, and called the hare-kind. Ray.
Phyto'graphy. n.f. [<Pulov and ygedpu.] A defcription of
plants.
PhytoloCjy. n.f. [(pvlov and ygoepoo.] The do&rine of
plants; botanical dilcourfe.
Pi'aclf. n.f. [tiaculum, Lat.] An enormous crime. A word
not ufed.
I o tear the paps that gave them fuck, can there be a
greater piacle againft nature, can there be a more execrable
and horrid thing ? Howel's England's Pears.,
Pi a'culous. \aclj' [Ptaculcirn-> from piaculum, Lat.]
1. Expiatory ; having the power to attonc,
2. Such as requires expiation.
P I C
It was piaculous unto the Romans to pare their qaikj upon
the nundime, obferved every ninth day. Brown.
3. Criminal; atrocioufly bad.
While we think it fo piaculous to go beyond the ancients,
we muft neceflarily come ftiort of genuine antiquity and
truth. Glanvill's Scept.
PIA-MATER. n.f. [Lat.] A thin and delicate membrane,
which lies under the dura mater, and covers immediately the
fubftance of the brain.
Pi'anet. n.f. ,
1. A bird ; the lefler wcod-pecker. f Bailey.
2. The magpie. This name is retained in Scotland.
Pia'ster. n.f [piajlra, Italian.] An Italian coin, about five
{hillings fterling in value. Did.
PIALLA. n.f [Italian.] A walk under a roof fupported by
pillars.
He ftood under the piazza. Arl. and Pope's Scriblerus.
Pica, n.f Among printers, a particular fize of their types or
letters. This dictionary is in Imall pica.
PicakoGn. n.f. [frompicare, Italian.] A robber; a plun¬
derer.
Corfica and Majorca in all wars have been the nefts.. of
picaroons. Pemple's Mifellaniey.
PiGcage. n.f. [piccagium, low Lat,] Money paid at fairs for
breaking ground for booths. Ainj,
To Pick. v. a. [picken, Dutch.]
1. To cull; to chufe ; to fpledl; to glean; to gather here and,
there.
This fellow picks up wit as pigeons peas. Sbakfp.
He hath pick'd out an adt,
Under whofe heavy lenfe your brother’s life
Falls into forfeit. Shakefp. Meajurefor M.afure.
Truftme, fweet,
Out of this ftlence yet I pick'd a welcome;
And in the modefty of fearful duty
I read as much, as from the rattling tongue
Of faucy and audacious eloquence. Shakefp.
Contempt putteth an edge upon anger more than the hurt
itfelf; and when men are ingenious in picking out circumftances of contempt, they do kindle their anger much. Bayon.
The want of many things fed him with hope, that he
fhould out of thefe his enemies diftrefles pick fome fit occafion of advantage. Knolles’s Hijlory of the Parks.
They mult pick me out with (hackles tir’d.
To make them fport with blind activity. Milton,
What made thee pick and chufe her out,
T’ employ their forceries about ? Hudibras.
How many examples have we feen of men that have been
picked up and relieved out of ftarving neegflities, afterwards
confpire againft their patrons. L'Efrange.
If he would compound for half, it fhould go hard but he’d
make a fhift to pick it up. L'EJlrange.
A painter would not be much commended, who fhould
pick out this cavern from the whole iEneids ; he had better
leave them in their obfeurity. Dryden.
Imitate the bees, who pick from every flower that which
they find moft proper to make honey. Dryderi.
He that is nourifhed by the acorns he picked up under an
oak in the wood, has certainly appropriated them to himfejf.
Locke.
He afked his friends about him, where they had picked up
fuch a blockhead. Addijon's Spectator, Nw. 167.
The will may pick and chufe among thefe objefts, but it
cannot create any to work on. Gheyne’s Philojophical Principles.
Deep through a miry lane file pick'd her way.
Above her ankle rofe the chalky clay. Gay,
Thus much he may be able to pick out, and willing to trans¬
fer into his new hiftory ; but the reft of your chara&er will
probably be dropped, on account of the antiquated ftile they
are delivered in. Swift.
Heav’n, when it drives to polifh all it can
Its laft, beft work, but forms a fofter man.
Picks from each fex, to make the fav’rite bleft. Pope.
2. To take up ; to gather; to find induftrioufly
You owe me money, Sir John, and now you pick a quar¬
rel to beguile me of it. Shakefp. Henry IV.
It was believed, that Perkin’s efcape was not without the
king’s privity, who had him all. the time of his flight in a
line ; and that the king did this, to pick a quarrel to put him
to death. Bacon's Henry VII.
They are as peevifh company to themfelves as to their
neighbours ; for there’s not one circumftance in nature, but
they {hall find matters to pick a quarrel at. L’EJlrange.
Pick the very refufe of thofe harveft fields. I honijon,
3. To feparate from any thing ufelefs of noxious, by gleaning
out either part; to clean by picking away filth.
For private friends : his anlwer was,
He could not ftay to pick them in a pile
Of mufty chaff. Shakefp. Coriolantts,
It hath been noted by the ancients, that it is dangerous to
pick one’s ears whilft he yawneth ; for that in yawning, the
minor parchment of the ear is extended by the drawing of
the breath. Bacon's Natural Hijiori,
He
P I c P I c
He picks and culls his thoughts for converfation, by fuppreffing fome, and communicating others. Addifon.
You are not to wafli your hands, till you have picked
your fallad. <* Swift.
4. To clean, by gathering oft gradually any thing adhering.
fi0pe is a plealant premeditation of enjoyment ; as when
a dog expels, till his mafter has done picking a bone. More.
c [Piquer, Fr.] To pierce ; to ftrike with a fharp inftrument.
pick an apple with a pin full of holes not deep, and fmear
jt with fpirits, to fee if the virtual heat of the ftrong waters
will not mature it. Bacon.
In the face, a fmall wart or fiery puftule, being healed by
feratching or picking with nails, will terminate corrolive.
Wfeman's Surgery.
6. To ftrike with bill or beak ; to peck.
Theeyethat mocketh at his father, the ravens of the valley
{hall pick out. Proverbs xxx. 17.
7. [Picare,'Italian.] To rob.
The other night I fell afteephere, and had my pocketpickt;
this houfe is turn'd bawdy-houfe, they pick pockets. Shakefp.
They have a defign upon your pocket, and the word con¬
fidence is ufed only as an inftrument to pick iti South.
8. To open a lock by a pointed inftrument.
Did you ever find
That any art could pick the lock, or power
Could force it open. Denham.
g. To Pick a hole in one's coat. A proverbial expreffion for
one finding fault with another.
To Pick. v. n.
1. To eat llowly and by fmall morfels.
Why ftand’ft thou picking P is thy palate fore,
That bete and radifhes will make thee roar. Dryden.
2. To do any thing nicely and leifurely.
He was too warm on picking work to dwell,
But faggoted his notions as they fell, C
And if they rhym’d and rattl’d, all was well. Dryden. j
Pick. n.f. A {harp-pointed iron tool.
What the miners call chert and whern, the ftone-cutters
nicomia, is fo hard, that the picks will not touch it; it will
not fplit but irregularly. Woodward on Foffils.
Pi ckapack. adv. [frompack, by a reduplication very common
in our language.] In manner of a pack.
In a hurry {be whips up her darling under her arms, and
carries the other a pickapack upon her Ihoulders. L'Efr.
Pi'ckaxe. n.f. [pick and axe.] An axe not made to cut but
pierce ; an axe with a fharp point.
Their tools are a pickaxe of iron, fieventeen inches long,
{harpened at the one end to peck, and flat-headed at the other
to drive iron wedges. Carew's Survey of CornzOall.
I’ll hide my mafter from the flies, as deep
As thefe poor pickaxes can dig. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
As when bands
Of pioneers, with fpade and pickaxe arm’d,
Forerun the royal camp, to trench a field. Milton.
Pi'ckback. adj. [corrupted perhaps from pickpack.} On the
back.
As our modern wits behold.
Mounted a pickback on the old.
Much farther off. Hudibras.
Pi'cked. adj. [pique, Fr.] Sharp; fimart.
Let the ftake be made picked at the top, that the jay may
not fettle on it. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
To Pi'ckeer. v. a. [piccare, Italian.]
1. To pirate; to pillage ; to rob.
2. To make a flying fkirmifti. Ainfworth.
No fooner could a hint appear,
But up he ftarted to pickeer,
And made the ftouteft yield to mercy,
When he engag’d, in ccntroverfy. Hudibras.
Pi cker, n.f. [from pick.']
1. One who picks or culls.
The pickers pick the hops into the hair-cloth. Mortimer.
2. A pickax ; an inftrument to pick with.
With an iron picker clear all the earth out of the hills.
Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Picke'rel. n.f. [from pike.'] A fmall pike.
Pickerel-weed. n. f. [from pike.] A water plant, from
which pikes are fabled to be generated.
The luce or pike is the tyrant of the frefh waters; they
are bred, fome by generation, and fome not; as of a weed
called pickerel-weed, unlefs Gofner be miftaken. Walton.
Pickle, n.f. [pekel, Dutch.]
I. Any kind of lalt liquor, in which flefti or other fubftance is
preferved. r
Thou {halt be whipt with wire, and ftew’d in brine,
Smarting in lingring pickle. Shakefpeare.
Some fifh are gutted, fplit and kept in pickle ; as whiting
and mackerel. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Heinftrudts his friends that dine with him in the beftpickle
for a walnut. Addifon’s Spectator, N° 482.
A third fort of- antifcorbuticks are called aftringent ; as
capers, and moil of the common pickles prepared with
8
Vinegar. Arbuthnot on Aliments»
2. Thing kept in pickle.
3. Condition; ftate. A word of contempt and ridicule.
How cam’ft thou in this pickle ? Shakefpeare.
A phyfician undertakes a woman with fore eyes; his way
was to dawb ’em with ointments, and while {he was in that
pickle, carry off a fpoon. L'EJlrange.
Poor Umbra, left in this abandon’d pickle,
E’en fits him down. Swift's Mifcellanies.
PiYkle orpightel. n.f. A fmall parcel of land inclofed with
a hedge, which in fome countries is called a pingle. Phillips.
To Pi'ckle. v. a. [from the nouh.]
1. To preferve in pickle.
Autumnal cornels next in order ferv’d.
In lees of wine well pickl’d and preferv’d. Dryden.
They {hall have all, rather than make a war.
The Straits, the Guiney-trade, the herrings too ;
Nay, to keep friendfhip, they {hall pickle you. Dryden.
2. To feafon or imbue highly with any thing bad : as, a pickled
rogue, or one confummately villainous.
Pi'ckleherring. n.f. [pickle and herring.} A jack-pudding ;
a merry-andrew ; a zany ; a buffoon.
_ Another branch of pretenders to this art, without horfe or
pickleherring, lie fnug in a garret. Spectator, N° 572.
The pickleherring found the w-ay t6f {hake him, for upon
his whiltling a country jig, this unlucky wag danced to it
with fuch a variety of grimaces, that the countryman could
not forbear finding, and loft the prize. Addif. Spedl.
Pi'cklock. n.f [pick and lock.}
1. An inftrument by which locks are opened without the key.
We take him to be a thief too, Sir; for we have found
upon him, Sir, aftrange picklock. Shakefpeare.
Scipio, having fuch a picklock, would fpend fo many years
in battering the gates of Carthage. Brown.
It corrupts faith and juftice, and is the very picklock that
opens the way into all cabinets. L'Eflrangc.
Thou raifedft thy voice to deferibe the powerful Betty or
the artful picklock, or Vulcan fweatingat his forge, and {lamp¬
ing the queen’s image on viler metals. Arbuthnot.-
2. The perfon who picks locks.
PFckpocket. In.f. [pick and pocket.} A thief who fteals,
Pi'ckpurse. 5 by putting his hand privately into the pocket
or purfie.
I think he is not a pickpurfe nor a horfeftealer Shakefpeare.
It is reafonable, when Efquire South is lofing his money
to {harpers and pickpockets, I ihould lay out the fruits of my
honeft induftry in a law fuit. Arbuthnot's Hijl. of J. Bull.
Pickpockets and highwaymen obferve ftrieft juftice among
Sermons.
Swift.
Swift.
Pope.
themfelves. Bentley
His fellow pickpurfe, watching for a job.
Fancies his fingers in the cully’s fob.
A pickpurfe at the bar or bench.
If a court or country’s made a job.
Go drench a pickpocket, and join the mob.
Picktoo'th. n. f. [pick and tooth.} An inftrument by which
the teeth are cleaned.
If a gentleman leaves a picktooth cafe on the table after
dinner, look upon it as part of your vails. Swift.
Picktha'nk. n. f. [pick and thank.} An officious fellow,
who does what he is not defined ; a whifpering parafite.
With pleafing tales his lord’s vain ears he fed,
A flatterer, a pickthank, and a Iyer. Fairfax.
Many tales devis’d,
Oft the ear of greatnefs needs muft hear.
By finding pickthanks and bafe newfmongers. Shakefp.
The bufinefs of a pickthank is the bafeft of offices.
L'Eftrange.
If he be great and powerful, fpies and pickthanks generally
provoke him to perfecute and tyrannize over the innocent and
the juft. . South’s Sermons.
Pict. n. f. [pidlus, Lat.] A painted perfon.
Your neighbours-would not look on you as men.
But think the nations all turn’d pidls again. Lee.
Picto'rial. adj. [from pidtor, Lat.] Produced by a painter.
A word not adopted by other writers, but elegant and ufeful.
Sea horfes are but grotefco delineations, which fill up
empty fpaces in maps, as many pidiorial inventions, not any
phyfical fliapes. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Picture, n.f. [pidlura, Latin.]
1. A refemblance of perfons or things in colours.
Madam, if that your heart be fo obdurate,
Vouchfafe me yet yourpidlure for my love,
The pi&iure that is hanging in your chamber. Shakefp.
Pidlures and fliapes are but fecondary objefts, and pleafe
or difpleafe but in memory. Bacon's Natural Hillory.
Devouring what he law fo well defign’d,
He with an empty pidlure fed his mind. * Dryden
As foon as he begins to fpcll, as many pidlures of animals
fliould be got him as can be found with the printed names to
them. Locke.
2. The fcience of painting.
19 Q. 3- The
P I E
P I E
», The worts of -painters. . „ , a c
Quintilian, when he faw arty welUxprefiM image of
prief, either in pidun orfculpture, would uiually weep. / o .
If nothing will fatisfy him, but having it under my hand,
that 1 had no defig,, to ruin the company ot t'^pfVgLl.
I do hereby give it him. ,
4> Any refemblance or reprefentation.
Vouchfefe this picture ot thy tool to fee ;
’Tis fo far good, as it retembles thee.
It Offices to° the unity of any idea, that ,« be: confidered as
one reprefentation or piBwrt, though made up ot ererjo
many particulars.
To Picture, v. a. [from the noun.J
lm 1 ° ThaU Shakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
He who caufed the fpring to be pidlured, added this rhyme
, r.- „ Carnos Survey of Cornwall.
allowable* what is obfervable of Raphael Urban;
Wherein Mary Magdalen is pillared before our Saviour wafllin. his feet on her knees, which will not confift with the
Aletter of the text. Brnm s Vulgar Errors
Love is like the painter, who, being to draw the picture
of a friend having a blemilh in one eye, would p.aure only
the other fide of his face. South s Set mom.
2 AUeSe with thefe rueful fpeaacles of fo many wretched
carcalTes ftarving, that even I, that do but hear it from you,
and do pifture it in my mind, do greatly pity it. Spenjer.
Fond man, ,
See here thy pUhtr'd life. , s lVl.nter'
To PIDDLE. i*. [This word is obfaure in its etymo ogy ;
Skinner derives it from ficctolo, Italian;J>rpetnf, Fr. htt
Mr. Lye thinks the diminutive of the Wellh breyta, to eat,
perhaps it comes from peddle, for Skinner gives tor its primi¬
tive fignification, to deal in little things.]
- To pick at table ; to feed fqueamithly, and without appetite.
From ftomach (harp, and hearty feeding, .
To piddle like a lady breeding. Swift s Mifcellames.
2.To trifle ; to attend to finall parts rather than to the maim
Fiddler, n.f [from piddle.] One that eats fqueamilhly, and
Pifr; [This word is derived by Skinner from biezan, to build,
1 that is to build of pafte ; by Junius derived by contraction
from pally, if parties, doubled together without walls, were
the fii-ft pies,-the derivation is eafy fiom/)^, afoot as in
feme provinces, an apple party Is ftill called an apple foot.]
I Any cruft baked with fomething in it.
No man’s pie is freed
From his ambitious finger. Shakefp. Henry VI .
Mincing of meat in pies faveth the grinding ot the teeth,
and therefore more nounfhing to
, He is the very Withers of the city; they have bought more
editions of his works, than would terve to lay under all their
pies at a lord mayor’s Chnftmas. _ Dryden.
Chute your materials right;
From thence of courfe the figure will arife.
And elegance adorn the furface of your pies. Ling.
Eat beef or pie-cruft, if you d fenous be King.
„ f ir 1 A mao-pie ; a particoloured bird.
[P TLe pi will difcfargc thee for pulling the reft. TuJJir.
The raven croak'd hoarfe on the chimney s top.
And chattering pm in difmal difeords fung. Shakefp.
Who taught the parrot human notes to try,
Or with a voice endu’d the chatt ring pie . T)rvden
’Twas witty want. , , L ’
3. The old popith fervice book, fo called, as is fuppofed, rom
the different colour of the text and rubrick.
4. Cock and pie was a flight expreffion in Skakefpemes time,
which I know not the meaning.
Mr. Slender, come ; we ftay for you.
— I’ll eat nothing, I thank you. Sir.
—By cock and pie, you (hall not chute. Sir; come,
y * Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windjor.
Pie bald, adf [from pie.] Of various colours; diverted in
It was a particoloured drefs,
Of patch’d and piebald languages.
They would think themfelves miferable in a patched coat,
and yet contentedly fufFer their minds to appear abroad ini t
piebald livery of coarfe patches and borrowed (hreds._ Lode.
They are plcafed to hear of a piebald horfe that ,s ftrayed
cut of a field near Ifiington, as of a whole troop that has
been engaged in any foreign adventure. Specialor, 45 2 •
Peel’d, patch’d, and piebald, linfey-woolfey brothers,
Grave mummers ! fleevelefs fome, and fliirtlcfs otheis. I ope.
PIECE, n.f. [piece, Fr.]
s. A patch. Ainfworth.
2. A part of a whole ; a fragment.
Bring it out piece by piece. Ezekiel xxiv. 26.
The chief captain, fearing left Paul fhould have been pulled
in pitas of them, commanded to take him by force. Adis.
Thefe leffer rocks or great bulky ftones, that lie feattered
in the fea or upon the land, are they not mamfeft fragments
and pieces of thefe greater maffes. _ Burnet.
A man that is in Rome can fcarce fee an ooject, that does
not call to mind -Apiece of a Latin poet or hiltoiian. Addijon.
3. A part.
It is accounted a piece of excellent knowledge, to know
the laws of the land. TiLotfon.
4. A picture.
If unnatural, the fineft colours are but dawbing, and the
piece is a beautiful monfter at the beft. Dryuen.
Each heav’nly piece unweary’d we compare,
Match Raphael’s grace with thy lov’d Guido’s air. Pope.
5. A compofition; performance.
He wrote feveral pieces, which he did not affume the ho¬
nour of. AddijOU.
6. A Angle great gun.
A piece of ord’nance ’gainft it I have plac’d. Shake pcare.
Many of the fhips nave brafs pieces, whereas every piece at
leaft requires four gunners to attend it. Raleigh s Lj]<<ys.
Pyrrhus, with continual battery of great pieces, did batter
the mount. Knollcs s Ltijlory of the Tutks
7. A hand gun. .
When he cometh to experience of fervice abroad, or is
put to a piece or a pike, he maketh as worthy a lbldier as any
nation he meeteth with. _ _ Spenjer.
The ball goes on in the direction of the ftick, or of the
body of the piece out of which it is (hot. Chcyie.
8. A coin ; a Angle piece of money.
When once the poet’s honour ceafes.
From reafon far his traniports rove ;
And Boileau, for eight hundred pieces.
Makes Louis take the wall of Jove. Prior.
9. In ridicule and contempt: as, a piece of a lawyer oi fnaatterer.
10. A-PieeE. To each.
I demand, concerning all thofe creatures that have eyes
and ears, whether they might not have had only one eye and
one ear a-piece. More’s Antidote againjl Atheifmv
11. Of a Piece with. Like; of the fame fort; united; the
fame with the reft.
Truth and fidlion are fo aptly mix’d.
That all feems uniform and of apiece. Rofcommon.
When Jupiter granted petitions, a cockle made requeft,
that his houfe and his body might be all of apiece. L’Ejlr.
My own is of a piece with his, and were he living, they
are fuch as he would have written. Dryden.
I appeal to my enemies, if I or any other man could have
invented one which had been more of a piece, and more de¬
pending on the ferious part of the deftgn. Dryden.
Too juftly vanifh’d from an age like this ;
Now fhe is gone, the world is of a piece. Dryden.
Nothing but madnefs can pleafe madmen, and a poet mult
be of a piece with the fpedfators, to gain a reputation. Dryden.
To Piece, v. a. [from the noun.]
x. To enlarge by the addition of a piece.
I fpeak too long, but ’tis to piece the time.
To draw it out in length, Shakefp. Merck, of Venice.
If aught within that little feeming fubftance.
Or all of it with our difpleafure piec’d.
And nothing more may fitly like your grace.
She is yours. Shakefp. King Lear.
Plant it with women as well as men, that it may fpread
into generations, and not be pieced from without. Bacon.
2. To join ; to unite.
o Vo Piece out. To encreafe by addition.
He pieces out his wife’s inclination ; he gives her folly mo¬
tion and advantage. Shakefp. Merry Wives of JVindJor.
Whether the piecing out of an old man’s life is worth the
pains, I cannot tell. Temple.
To Piece, v.n. [from the noun.] To join; to coalefce; to
be compared.
Let him, that was the caufe of this, have power
To take off fo much grief from you, as he
Will piece up in himfelf. Shakefp.
The cunning prieft chofe Plantagenet to be the fubjeit
his pupil (hould perfonate ; becaufe he was more in the prefent fpeech of the people, and it pieced better and followed
more clofe upon the bruit of Plantagenet’s efcape. Bacon.
Pie'cer. n.f. [from piece.] One that pieces.
Pie'celess, adj. [from piece.] Whole; compafl; not made
of feparate pieces.
In thofe poor types of God, round circles; lo 1
Religion’s types the piece'.efs centers flow, >
And are in all the lines which all ways go. Ponne- '
Pie cemeal, adv. [pice and mel; a word in Saxon oi the fame
import.] In pieces ; in fragments.
Why did I not his carcafs piecemeal tear.
And caft it in the fea Den mm.
I’ll be torn piecemeal by a nolle,
E’er I’ll take you for better or worfe. Hudibras.
Neither was the body then fubjeft to diftempers, to die by
piecemeal\ and languilh under coughs or coafcnyuons. Smith.
P I E P I G
Stao-c editors printed from the common piecemeal written
parts in the playhoufe. Pope.
Piecemeal they win this acre Arft, then that;
Glean on and gather up the whole eftate. Pope.
Pie'cemeal. adj. Single; feparate ; divided.
Other blafphemics level; fome at one attribute, fome at an¬
other : but this by a more compendious impiety, {hoots at his
very being, and as if it lcorned thefe piecemeal guilts, fets up
a fingle monfter big enough to devour them all. Gov.oftbeTong.
Pie'p- "adj. [from pie J Variegated; particoloured.
They defire to take fuch as have their feathers of pied,
orient and various colours. Abbot’s Defeript. ofthe JForId.
All the yeanlings, which were ftreak’d and pied,
Should fall as Jacob’s hire. Shakejp. Merch.of Venice.
Pied cattle are fpotted in their tongues. Bacon.
The feat, the foft wool of the bee,
The cover, gallantly to fee.
The wing of a pied butterfly,
I trow ’twas Ample trimming. Drayton.
Meadows trim with daifies pied,
Shallow brooks and rivers wide. Milton.
Pie'dNess. n.f [from pied.] Variegation; diverfity of Colour.
There is an art, which in their piednefs (hares
With great creating nature. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Pif/led. adj. Perhaps for peeled, or bald ; or piled, or having
fhort hair.
Piel’d prieft, doft thou command me be (hut out ?
I do. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Pi'fPOWDER court, n.f [from pied, foot, and pouldre, dufty.]
A court held in fairs for redrefs of all diforders committed
therein.' '
Pier. n. f. [pierre, Fr.] The columns on which the arch of
a bridge is railed.
Oak, cedar and chefnut are the beft builders, for piers
fometimes wet, fometimes dry, take elm. Bacon.
The Englifh took the galley, and drew it to fhore, and
ufed the Hones to reinforce the pier. Hayward.
The bridge, confiding of four arches, is of the length of
Ax hundred and twenty-two Englifh feet and an half: the
dimenAons of the arches are as follows, in Englifh meafure ;
the height of the Arft arch one hundred and nine feet, the
diftance between the piers feventy-two feet and an half; in
the fecond arch, the diftance of the piers is one hundred and
thirty feet; in the third, the diftance is one hundred and nine
feet; in the fourth, the diftance is one hundred and thirtyeight feet. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To PIERCE, v. a. [percer, Fr.]
1. To penetrate; to enter; to force.
Steed threatens fteed in high and boaftful neighs.
Piercing the night’s dull ear. Shakefp. Henry V.
The love of money is the root of all evil; which while
fome coveted after, they have pierced themfelves through with
many forrows. I Tim. vi. io.
With this fatal fword, on which I dy’d,
I pierce her open’d back or tender Ade. Dryden.
The glorious temple fhall arife.
And with new luftre pierce the neighb’ring (kies. Prior.
2. To touch the paflions : to affedf.
Did your letters pierce the queen ;
She read them in my prefence,
And now and then an ample tear trill’d down. Shakefp.
To Pierce, v. n.
1. To make way by force.
Her Aghs will make a batt’ry in his breaft;
Her tears will pierce into a marble heart. Shakefp.
There is that fpeaketh like the piercings of a fword ; but
the tongue of the wife is health. Proverbs xii. 18.
Short arrows, called fprights, without any other heads,
fave wood fharpened, were difeharged out of mufkets, and
would pierce through the Ades of (hips, where a bullet would
not pierce. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
2. To ftrike ; to move ; to affetft.
Say, (he be mute, and will not fpeak a word ;
Then I’ll commend her volubility ;
And fay fhe uttereth piercing eloquence. Shakefp.
3. To enter ; to dive.
She would not pierce further into his meaning, than himfelf fhould declare, fo would lhe interpret all his doings to be
accomplifhcd in goodliefs. Sidney, b. ii.
All men knew Nathaniel to be an Ifraelite ; but our Sa¬
viour piercing deeper, giveth further teftimony of him than
men could have done. Hooker, b. iii.f. 1.
4. To aftedt feverely.
They provide more piercing ftatutes daily to chain up the
poor. Shakefp.
Pier'cer. n.f. [from fierce.]
1. An inftrument that bores or penetrates.
Cart, ladder and wimble, with perfer and pod. Tuffer.
2. The part with which infects perforate bodies.
The hollow inftrument, terebra, we may englifh piercer,
wherewith many flies are provided, proceeding from the
womb, with which they perforate the tegument of leaves,
and through the hollow of it injedl their eggs into the holes
they have made. Bay on the Creation,
3. One who perforates.
Pie'rcingly. adv. [from pierce.'] Sharply.
Pie rc 1 NGN Ess. n.f. [from piercing.] Power of piercing.
We contemplate the vaft reach and compafs of our underftanding, the prodigious quickncfs and piercingnefs of its
thought. Derham’s Phyjico-Theology.
Pi'etyi n.f [pietasy Lat. pictc, Fr.J
1. Difchafge of duty to God. \
What pietyy pity, fortitude did iEneas poflefs beyond his
companions l Peacham on Poetry.
’Till future inftmey, baptiz’d by thee,
Grow ripe in years, and old in fifty. Prior,
T here be who faith prefer and piety to God* Milton.
2. Duty to parents or thofe in fuperiour relation;
Pig. n. f. [bigge, Dutch.]
1. A young low or boar.
Some men there are, love not a gaping pig.
Some that are mad, if they behold a cat. Shakefpeare.
Alba, from the white fow nam’d,
That for her thirty fuckingpigs was fam’d. Dryden.
The flefh-meats of an eafy digeftion, are pig^ lamb, rab¬
bit and chicken. 1 Flayer on the Humours.
2. An oblong mafs of lead or unforged iron.
A nodding beam or pig of lead,
May hurt the very ableft head. Pope.
To Pig. v. a. [from the noun.] To farrow ; to bring pigs.
Pl'G eon. n.f. [pigeon, Fr.] A fowl bred in cots or a fmall
houfe : in fome places called dovecote.
This fellow picks up wit as pigeons peas. Shakefp.
A turtle, dove and a young pigeon. Gen. xv. 9.
Perceiving that the pigeon had loft a piece of her tail,
through the next opening of the rocks rowing with all their
might, they pafled fafe, only the end of their poop was
bruiled. Raleigh.
Fix’d in the maft, the feather’d weapon Hands,
The fearful pigeon flutters in her bands. Dryden.
See the cupola of St. Paul’s covered with both fexes, like
the outlide of a pigeon-houfe. Addifon’s Guardian.
This building was deflgn’d a model,
Or of a pigeon-houfe or oven.
To bake one loaf, or keep one dove in. Swift.
Pi'geonfoot. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
Pi'geonlivered* adj. [pigeon and liver.] Mild; foft j
gentle.
I am pigeonliver’d, and lack gall
To make oppreflion bitter. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Pi'ggin. n.f. In the northern provinces, a fmall veil'd.
Pight. eld preter. and pa. t. palft ofpitch.] Pitched; placed $
Axed ; determined.
An hideous rock is pight,
Of mighty Magnes ftone, whole craggy clift.
Depending from on high, dreadful to Aght,
Over the waves his rugged arms doth lift. Spenfir.
T'be body big and mightily pight,
Thoroughly rooted and wondrous height,
Whilom had been the king of the held.
And mocklemaft to the hufband did yield; Spenfer.
Then brought (he me into this defart vaft.
And by my wretched lover’s fide me pight. Fa. gjueen.
Stay yet, you vile abominable tents.
Thus proudly pight upon our Phrygian plains. Shakefp.
When I diftuaded him from his intent,
I found him pight to do it. Shakefp.
Pigment. n.f [pigmentum, Lat.] Paint; colour to belaid
on any body.
Conlider about the opacity of the corpufcles of black pig¬
ments, and the comparative diaphaneity of white bodies. Boyle.
PTgmy. n.f. [pigmec, Fr. pigmeeus, Lat.] A fmall nation,
fabled to be devoured by the cranes; thence any thing mean
or inconftderable.
When cranes invade, his little fword and fhield
The pigmy takes. Dryden’s Juvenal.
The criticks of a more exalted tafte, may difeover fuch.
beauties in the antient poetry, as may efcape the compreheniion of us pigmies of a more limited genius. Garth.
But that it wanted room.
It might have been a pigmy’s tomb. Swift.
Pignora'tion. n.f. [pignera, Lat.] The a<ftof pledging.
Pignut, n.f [pig and nut.] An earth nut.
I with my long nails will dig thee pignuts. Shakefpi
Pi’gsney. n.f. [piga. Sax. a girl.] A word of endearment
to a girl. It is ufed by Butler for the eye of a woman, I be¬
lieve, improperly.
Shine upon me but benignly
With that one, and that other pigfney. Hudibras.
Pigwi dgeon. n.f. Phis word is ufed by Drayton as the
name of a fairy, and is a kind of cant word for any thing
petty or fmall.
Where’s the Stoick can his wrath appeafe,
To fce his country Ack of Pym’s difeaie;
By Scotch invaAon to be made a prey
I 0 fuch j. igwidgeon myrmidons as they ? Gleaveland.
* PiKS,
P I L
ft'fCL. fi.f. [picque, Fr. his fnout being (harp. Skinner and
Junius.}
I.I he luce ox pike is the tyrant of the frefh waters: they are
bred fome by generation, and fome not; as namely of a
Weed called pickerel-weed, unlefsGefner be much miftaken ;
for he lays, this weed and other glutinous matter, with the
help of the fun’s heat in fome particular months, and in fome
ponds apted for it by nature, do become pikes : doubtlefs di¬
vers pikes are bred after this manner, or are brought into fome
ponds fome other ways, that is pall man’s finding out: Sir
Francis Bacon obferves the pike to be the longed lived of any
frefh water fifh, and yet he computes it to be not ufually
above forty years; and others think it to be not above ten
years : he is a folitary, melancholy and bold fifh ; he breeds
but once a year, and his time of breeding or fpawning is
ufually about the end of February, or fomewhat later, in
March, as the weather proves colder or warmer: and his
manner of breeding is thus ; a he and a file pike will ufually
go together out of a river into fome ditch or creek, and there
the fpawner calls her eggs, and the melter hovers over her
all the time fhe is calling her fpawn, but touches her not.
Walton's Angler.
In a pond into which were put feVeral fifh and two pikes$
upon drawing it fome years afterwards there were left no fifh,
but the pikes grown to a prodigious fize, having devoured the
other fifh and their numerous fpawn. Hale.
The pike the tyrant of the floods. Pope '.
2. [Pique, Fr.] A long lance uled by the foot foldiers, to keep
off the horfe, to which bayonets have fucceeded.
Beat you the drum that it fpeak mournfully.
Trail your Heel pikes. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Let us revenge this with our pikes, ere we become rakes ;
for I fpeak this in hunger for bread, not for revenge. Sbakefp.
He wanted pikes to fet before his archers. Shakejp.
They clofed, and locked fhoulder to fhoulder, their
pikes they {trained in both hands and therewith their buckler
in the left, the one end of the pike againfl: the right foot, the
other breall-high againfl: the enemy. Hayward.
A lance he bore with iron pike ;
Th’ one half would thruft, the other flrike. HudibraSi
3. A fork ufed in hulbandry.
A rake for to rake up the fitches that lie,
A pike to pike them up handfome to drie. Tujfer.
4. Among turners, two iron fprigs between* which any thing
to be turned is fattened.
Hard wood, prepared for the lathe with rafping, they pitch
between the pikes. Moxon.
Pi'ked. adj. [pique, Fr.] Sharp ; accuminated; ending in a
point. In Shakefpeare, it is uled of a man with a pointed
beard.
Why then I fuck my teeth, and catechife
My piked man of countries. Sbakefp. King John.
Pi'keman. n. f. [pike and man.} A foldier armed with a
pike.
Three great fquadrons of pikemen were placed againfl: the
enemy. Knolles’s Hiftory of the Turks.
Pi kestaff, n.f. [pike and Jlajf.] The wooden frame of a
pike.
To me it is as plain as a pikefaff.\ from what mixture it is,
that this daughter filently lowers, t’other fteals a kind look.
Tatler, Nu 75.
Pjla'ster. n. f. [pilajlre, Fr. pilajlro, Italian.] A fquare co¬
lumn fometimes infulated, but oftner fet within a wall, and
only (hewing a fourth or a fifth part of its thicknefs. Difl.
Pilajlers muft not be too tall and (lender, left they refemble pillars; nor too dwarfifli and grofs, left they imitate
the piles or piers of bridges. Witton.
Bailt like a temple, where pilajlers round
Were fet. Milton.
The curtain rifes, and a new frontifpiece is feen, joined
to the great pilajlers each fide of the ftage. Dryden.
Clap four flices of pilajler on’t.
That laid with bits of ruftic makes a front. Pope.
Pi lcher. n. f. [Warburton fays we (hould read pilche, which
fignifies a cloke or coat of (kins, meaning the fcabbard : this
is confirmed by Junius, who renders filly, a garment of (kins ;
pylece, Sax. pcllice, Fr. pelliccia, Italian ; pellis, Lat.]
1. A furred gown or cafe; any thing lined with fur. Hanmer.
Pluck your fword out of his pilcher by the ears. Sbakefp.
2. A fifli like a herring.
Pile. n.f. [pile, Fr. pyle, Dutch.]
1. A ftrong piece of wood driven into the ground to make firm
a foundation.
The bridge the Turks before broke, by plucking up of
certain piles, and taking away of the planks. Knolles.
If the ground be hollow or weak, he (Lengthens it by
driving in piles. ’ Moxon.
T he foundation of the church of Harlem is fupported by
wooden piles, as the houfes in Amfterdam are. Locke.
2. A heap; an accumulation.
That is the way to lay the city flat,
And bury all which yet diftindtly ranges
In heaps and piles of ruin. Sbakefp.
What piles of wealth hath he accumulated v
P I L
To his own portion ! what expencc by th’ honr
Seems to flow from him ! how i’ th’ name of thrift,
Does he rake this together. Sbakefp.
By the water palling through the (lone to its perpendicular
intervals, was brought thither all the metallic matter now
lodged therein, as well as that which lies only in an undigefted and confufed pile. Woodward.
3. Any thing heaped together to be burned.
I’ll bear your logs the while; pray give me it,
I’ll carry’t to the pile. Sbakefp. Tempejl.
Woe to the bloody city, I will even make the pile for fire
great. , Ezekiel xxiv. 9.
In Alexander’s time, the Indian philofophers, when weary
of living, lay down upon their funeral pile without any vifible
concern. Collier on the Value of Life*
The wife, and counfellor or prieft,
Prepare and light his fun’ral fire.
And cheerful on the pile expire. Prior.
4. An edifice ; a building.
Th’ afeending pile flood fix’d her (lately height. Milt:
Not to look back fo far, to whom this ifle
Owes the firft glory of fo brave a pile. Denham;
The pile o’erlook’d the town, and drew the fight. Dryd.
Fancy brings the vanifh’d piles to view,
And builds imaginary Rome anew. Pope's Mifcellanies.
No longer (hall forfaken Thames
Lament his old Whitehall in flames ;
A pile (hall from its allies rife,
Fit to invade or prop the (kies. Szvift's Mifcellanies.
5. A hair, [pilus, Lat.]
Yonder’s my lord, with a patch of velvet on’s face; his
left cheek is a cheek of two pile and a half, but his right
cheek is worn bare. Sbakefp. All's well that ends well.
6. Hairy furface ; nap.
Many other forts of ftones are regularly figured ; the ami¬
anthus of parallel threads, as in the pile of velvet. Grew.
7. [Pilum, Lat.] The head of an arrow.
His fpear a bent.
The pile was of a horfe fly’s tongue.
Whole (harpnefs nought revers’d. Drayton's Nymph.
8. [Pile, Fr. pila, Italian.] One fide of a coin; the reverfe
of crofs.
Other men have been, and are of the fame opinion, a
man may more juftifiably throw up crofs and pile for his
opinions, than take them'up fo. Locke.
9. [In the plural, piles.} The haemorrhoids.
Wherever there is any uneafinefs, folicit the humours to¬
wards that part, to procure the piles, which feldom mifs to
relieve the head. Arbuthnot.
To Pile. v. a.
1. To heap ; to coacervate.
The fabrick of his folly, whofe foundation
Is pil'd upon his faith, and will continue
The (landing of his body. Sbakefp. Winter's Tale.
Let them pull all about my ears,
Pile ten hills on the Tarpeian rock.
That the precipitation might downftretch
Below the beam of fight, yet will I dill
Be thus. Sbakefp.
Againfl: beleagur’d heav’n the giants move ;
Hills pil'd on hills, on mountains mountains lie.
To make their mad approaches to the fky. Dryden.
Men pil'd on men, with adtive leaps arife.
And build the breathing fabrick to the (kies. Addifon.
In all that heap of quotations which he has piled up,
nothing is aimed at. Atterbury.
All thefe together are the foundation of all t’nofe heaps of
comments, which are piled fo high upon authors, that it is
difficult fometimes to clear the text from the rubbifh. Felton.
2. To fill with fomething heaped.
Attabaliba had a great houfe piled upon the fides with great
wedges of gold. Abbot's Defcript. of the World.
Pi'leated. adj. [pileus, Lat.] In the form of a cover or hat.
A pileated echinus taken up with different (hells of feverai
kinds. Woodward on Fofftls.
Piler. n.f. [from pile.} He who accumulates.
To Pi'lfer. v. a. [filler, Fr.] To (teal; to gain by petty
robbery.
They not only (leal from each other, but pilfer away all
things that they can from fuch ftrangers as do land. Abbot.
He would not pilfer the victory ; and the defeat was
eafy. Bacon's EJfays.
Leaders, at an army’s head,
Hemm’d round with glories, pilfer cloth or bread.
As meanly plunder, as they bravely fought. Pope.
To Pi LFER. v. n. To pradtife petty theft.
Your purpos’d low correction
Is fuch as baled and the meaneft wretches,
For pilf'rings and moft common trefpaffes,
Are punifh’d with. Sbakefp, King Lear.
They of thofe marches
Shall be a wall fufficient to defend
Our inland from the pilfering borderers,- Sbakefp.
I came
P I L P I M
T came not here on fuch a trivial toy*
A; a ftrav’d ewe* or to puriuc the ltcalth
Of pilfering wolf. . . Milton.
When thele plagiaries come to be ftript of their pilfered
ornaments, there’s the daw of the fable. L'Ejlrcmge.
Ev’ry firing is told.
For fear fome pilf’ring hand fhould make too bold. Dryden.
Pi lferer- n.f. [from pilfer.] One who fteals petty things.
Half thou fuffered at any time by vagabonds and pilferers ?
Promote thofe charities which remove fuch pefts of fociety
into prifons and workhoufes. Atterbitry s Sermons.
Pi'lfeRINGLV. tidv. With petty larceny ; filchingly.
Pi le ery, n.f from pilfer.] Petty theft.
A wolf charges, a fox with a piece of pilfery; the fox de¬
nies, and the ape tries the caufe. L’Ejlrange.
Pilgrim, n.f. [pelgrim, Dutch ; pelerin, Fr. pelegrino, Italian;
peregrinus, Lat.] A traveller ; a wanderer ; particularly one
who travels on a religious account.
Two pilgrims, which have wandered fome miles together,
have a hearts-grief when they are near to part. Drummond.
Granting they could not tell Abraham’s footflep from an
ordinary pilgrim’s ; yet they fhould know fome difference be¬
tween the foot of a man and the face of Venus. Stillingfect.
Likopilgrims to th’ appointed place we tend ;
The world’s an inn, and death the journey’s end. Dryden.
To Pi lgrim, v.n. [from the noun.] To wander ; to ramble.
The ambulo hath no certain home or diet, but pilgrims up
and down every where, feeding upon all forts of plants. Grew.
Pilgrimage, n.f. \_pelerinage, Fr.]
1. A long journey ; travel; more ufually a journey on Recount
of devotion.
We are like two men
That vow a long and .\Veary pilgrimage. Shahefp.
In prifon thou haft fpent a pilgrimage,
And, like a hermit, overpaft thy days. Shahefp.
Moft miferable hour, that time ere faw
In lafting labour of his pilgrijnage. Shahefp. Henry VI.
Fainting is a long pilgrimage ; if we do not actually begin
the journey, and travel at a round rate, we fhall never arrive
at the end of it. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy,
2. Shakefpeare ufed it for time irkfomely fpent, improperly.
Pill. n.f. [pilula, Lat. pillule, French.] Medicine made into
a fmall ball or mafs.
In the taking of a potion or pills, the head and the neck
fhake. Bacon’s Natural Hifory.
When I was lick, you gave me bitter pills. Shakefpeare.
The oraculous doctor's myftick bills.
Certain hard words made into pills. Crajhaw.
To Pill. v. a. filler, Fr.]
1. To rob ; to plunder.
So did he good to none, to many ill;
So did he all the kingdom rob and pill. Hubberd.
The commons hath he pill'd with grievous taxes.
And loft their hearts. Shahefp. Richard II.
Large-handed robbers your grave mafters are,
And pill by law. Shahefp'. Timon of Athens.
You wrangling pirates, that fall out
In fharing that which you have pill'd from line'; , Shahefp.
Suppofe pilling and polling officers, as bufy upon the people,
as thofe flies were upon the fox. L’Efrange.
He who pill'd his province ’fcapes the laws;
And keeps his money, though he loft his caufe. Dryden.
2, For peel-, to ftrip off the bark.
Jacob took him rods of green poplar, and pilled white
ftreaks in them. Genefis xxx. 37.
To Pill. v. n. To be flript away; to come off in flakes br
fcoriae. This fhould be peel; which fee.
The whitenefspilled away from his eyes. Tob. xi. 13.
PILLAGE, n.f. [pillage, Fr.]
1. Plunder; fomething got by plundering or pilling.
Others, like foldiers,
Make boot upon the fummer’s velvet buds;
Which pillage they with merry march bring home. Shah.
2. The atf of plundering.
Thy fons make pillage of her chaftity. Shahefp.
To PTllace. v. a. [from the noun.] To plunder ; to fpoil.
The conful Mummius, after having beaten their army,
took, pillaged and burnt their city. Arbuthnot on Coins.
PTllagf.R. n.f [from pillage.] A plunderer ; a fpoiler._
PI'LLAR. n.f. [pilier, Fr. pilar, Spanifh ; pilajlro, Italian;
piler, Welfh and Armorick.J
1. A column.
Pillars or columns, I could diftinguifh into Ample and com¬
pounded. Wotton’s Architecture.
The palace built by Picus vaft and proud.
Supported by a hundred pillars flood. Dryden.
2. A fupporter; a maintainer.
Give them leave to fly, that will not flay ; .,
And call them pillars that will ftand to us. Shahefp.
Note, and you fhall fee in him
The triple pillar of the world transform’d
Into a ftrumpet’s fiool. Shahefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
. I charge you by the law.
Whereof you are a well deferving pillar.
Proceed to judgment. Shahefp. Merch. of Venice,
Pi'llAre d. adj. (from pillar.]
1. Supported by columns.
A pillar’d fhade
High overarch’d, and echoing walks between. Milton.
If this fail,
The pillar’d firmament is rottennefs,
And earth’s bale built on ftubble. Milton.
2. Having the form of a column.
Th’ infuriate hill (hoots forth the pillar'd flame. Thomf
Pi'llion. n.f. [from pillow.]
1. A foft faddle let behind a horfeman for a woman to fit on.
The houfie and pillion both were gone ;
Phyllis, it feems, was fled with John. Swift.
2. A pad ; a pannel; a low faddle.
I thought that the manner had been Iiifh; as alfo the furni¬
ture of his borfe, his fhankpillion without ftirrups. Spenjtr.
3. The pad of the faddle that touches the horfe.
Pillory, n.f. [pillori, Fr. pillorium, low Latin.] A frame
eredted on a pillar, and made with holes and folding boards,
through which the heads and hands of criminals are put.
I have flood on the pillory for the geefe he hath killed.
Shakefpeare.
As thick as eggs at Ward in pillory. Pope.
The jeers of a theatre, the pillory and the whipping-pofl:
are very near a-kin., .. . Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
To PTllory. v. a. [pillorier, Fr. from the noun.] To punifh
with the pillory.
To be burnt in the hand or pillored, is a more lafting re¬
proach than to be lcourged or confin’d. Gov. of the Tongue'.
PILLOW, n.f [pyle, Saxon ; pulewe, Dutch.] A bag of
down or feathers laid under the head to fleepon.
Pluck flout men’s pillows from below their heads.
Shakefpeare.
One turf fhall ferve as pillow for us both.
One heart, one bed, two bofoms, and one troth. Shahefp.
A merchant died that was very far in debt, his goods and
houftiold fluff were fet forth to fale ; a ftranger would needs
buy 7spillow there, faying, this pillow fure is good to fleep on,,
fince he could fleep on it that owed fo many debts. Bacon.
Thy melted maid;
Corrupted by thy lover’s gold,
His letter at thy pillow laid. , Donne.
Their feathers ferve to fluff our beds and pillows, yielding
us foft and warm lodging. . Ray on the Creation.
To PiLloW. v. a. To reft any thing on a pillow.
When the fun in bed,
Curtain’d with cloudy red,
Pilloivs his chin upon an orient wave;
The flocking fhadows pale
Troop to th’ infernal jail. Miltoni
P/LLOWBEER. 1 r >-n, c -if
pi'ixowca». ("-f- The covcr of a p,llowWhen you put a clean pilloWcafe on your lady’s pillow,
faften it well with pins. Stui/i.
Pilo'sity. n.f [from pilofus, Lat.] Hairinefs.
At the years of puberty, all effedts of heat do then come
on, as pilofity, more roughnefs in $he fkin. Bacon.
PITOT. n.J. [pilote, Fr. piloot, Dutch.] He whofe office is
to fleer the fliip.
When her keel .plotighs hell.
And deck knocks heaven ; then to manage her; , ,
Becomes the name and office of a pilot. Ben. fohnfon.
To death I with fuch joy refott;
As feamen from a tempeft to their port;
Yet to that port ourfelves we muft not force;
Before our pilot, nature, fleers our courfe. Denham:
What port can fuch a pilot find,
Who in the night of fate muft blindly fleer ? Dryden.
The Roman fleet, although built by fhipwrights, and con¬
ducted by pilots without experience, defeated that of the
Carthaginians. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Pi'lot. v. a. [from the noun.] To fleer; to direct in
the courfe.
Pi'lotage. n.f. [pilotage, .French, from pilot.]
1. Pilot’s (kill; knowledge of coafts.
We muft for eYer abandon the Indies, and. lofe all opr
knowledge and pilotage of that part of the world. Raleigh.
2. A pilot’s hire, . , Ainf.
Pi'lser. n.f. The moth of fly that runs into a candle flame.
• • Ainf.
Pime'nta. n.f. [piment, French.] A kifid offpice.'
Pimehta, from its round figure, and the place, whence it is
brought, has been called Jamaica pepper, and Loin its mixt
flavour of the feveral aromaticks, it has obtained the name oP
all-fpice . it is a fruit gathered before it is ripe, and dried for
medicinal and culinary ufc, of the iize of a fmall pea, witch
a biown and rough iiirface, and it refembles that of cloves
more than any other lingle fpice. Hill’s Materia Medica.
J9 R Pimpj
P 1 N P I N
Pimp. n.f. [pinge, Fr. Skinner.] One who provides gratifica¬
tions tor the luft of others3 a procurer3 a pander.
Pm courted by all
As principal pimp to the mighty king Harry. Addifon,
Lords keep a pimp to bring a wench 3
So men of wit are but a kind
Of panders to a vicious mind ;
Who proper objedls muff provide
To gratify their luft of pride. Swift.
To Pimp. v. a. [from the noun.] To provide gratifications
for the luft of others3 to pander; to procure.
But he’s poffefl with a thoufand imps,
To work whofe ends his madnefs pimps. Swift.
Yet bards like thefe afpir’d to lafting praife,
And proudly hop’d to pimp in future days. Anonymous.
Pi'mpernel. n.f. [pimpernella, Latin 3 pimprenelle, French.]
A plant.
The flower of the pimpernel confifts of one leaf fhaped like
a wheel and cut into feveral fegments 5 the pointal, which
rifes out of the empalement, is fixed like a nail in the middle
of the flower, and afterwards becomes a roundifli fruit, which,
when ripe, opens tranfverfely into two parts, one incumbent
on the other, incloiing many angular feeds, which adhere to
the placenta. Miller.
Pi'mping. adj. [pimple menfeh, a weak man, Dutch.] Little 3
petty: as, a pimping thing. Skinner.
Pi'mple. n.f. [pompette, Fr.] A fmall red puftule.
If Rofalinda is unfortunate in her mole, Nigranilla is as
unhappy in a pimple. Addifon s Speft.
If e’er thy gnome could fpoil a grace,
Or raife a pimple on a beauteous face. Pope.
Pi'mpled. adj. [from pimple.] Having red puftules 3 full of
pimples : as, his face is pimpled.
Pin. n.f. [efpingle, Fr. Jpina, fpinula, Lat. fpitta, Italian 3 ra¬
ther from pennum, low Latin. Ijidore.]
1. A ftiort wire with a fharp point and round head, ufed by
women to fallen their cloaths.
I’ll make thee eat iron like an oftridge, and fwallow my
fword like a great pin, ere thou and I part. Shakefp.
Whatever fpirit, carelefs of his charge.
His poll negletfls, or leaves the fair at large.
Shall feel lharp vengeance foon o’ertake his fins.
Be ftopt in vials, or transfixt with pins. Pope.
2. Any thing inconfiderable or of little value.
Soon after comes the cruel Saracen,
In woven mail all armed warily.
And fternly looks at him, who not a pin
Does care for look of living creature’s eye. Fairy Queen.
His fetch is to flatter to get what he can 5
His purpofe once gotten, a pin for thee than. Tujfer.
Tut, a pin-, this lhall be anfwer’d. Shakefpeare.
’Tis foolilh to appeal to witnefs for proof, when ’tis not a
pin matter whether the fadl be true or falfe. UEfrange.
3. Any thing driven to hold parts together3 a peg 5 a bolt.
With pins of adamant
And chains, they made all fait. Milton's Par. Lof.
4. Any flender thing fixed in another body.
Bedlam beggars with roaring voices.
Sticks in their numb’d and mortified bare arms.
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, fprigs of rofemary. Shakefp.
Thefe bullets fhall reft on the pins 3 and there muft be other
pins to keep them. _ _ Wilkins.
5. That which locks the wheel to the axle 3 a linch pin.
6. The central part.
Romeo is dead, the very pin of his heart cleft with the
blind hautboy’s butfhaft. Shakefp. Romeo, and Juliet.
7. The pegs by which muficians intend or relax their firings.
8. A note 3 a ftrain. In low language.
A fir tree, in a vain fpiteful humour, was mightily upon
thepin of commending itfelf, and defpifing the bramble. L'Ef.
As the woman was upon the peevifh pin, a poor body
comes, while the froward fit was upon her, to beg. L'Efr.
9. A horny induration of the membranes of the eye. Hanmer.
Skinner feems likewife to fay the fame. I fhould rather think
it an inflammation, which caufes a pain like that of a pointed
body piercing the eye.
Wifh all eyes
Blind with the pin and web. Shakefpeare.
10. A cylindrical roller made of wood.
They drew his brownbread face on pretty gins,
And made him ftalk upon two rolling pins. Corbet.
1 r. A noxious humour in a hawk’s foot. Ainf.
To Pin. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fallen with pins.
If a word or two more are added upon the chief offenders,
’tis ,only a paper pinn’d upon the breaft. Pope.
Not Cynthia when her manteau’s pinn'd awry.
E’er felt fuch rage. Pope.
2. To fallen 3 to make fall.
Our gates.
Which yet feem fliut, we have but pinn'd with rufhes ;
They’ll open of themfelves. Shakefp. Macbeth.
8
3. To join ; to fix.
She lifted the princefs from the earth, and fo locks her in
embracing, as if fhe would pin her to her heart. Shakefp.
If removing my confideration from the impreffion of the
cubes to the cubes themfelves, I fhall pin this one notion upon
every one of them, and accordingly conceive it to be really
in them 3 it will fall out, that I allow exiftence to other en¬
tities, which never had any. Digby of Bodies.
I’ve learn’d how far I’m to believe
Your pinning oaths upon your fleeve. Hudibras.
They help to cozen themfelves, by chufing to pin their
faith on fuch expofitors as explain the facred feripture, in fa¬
vour of thofe opinions that they beforehand have voted or¬
thodox. Locke\
It cannot be imagined, that fo able a man fhould take fo
much pains to pin fo clofely on his friend a flory which, if he
himfelf thought incredible, he could not but alfo think ridi¬
culous. Locke.
4. [Pmban, Sax.] To fhut up.3 to inclofe 3 to confine: as,
in pinfold.
If all this be willingly granted by us, which are accufed to
pin the word of God in fo narrow room, let the caufe of the
accufed be referred to the accufer’s confcience. Hooker.
IVncase. n.f. [pin and cafe.] A pincufhion. Ainf.
Pincers, n.f. [pincette, Fr.]
1. An inflrument by which nails are drawn, or any thing is
eriped, which requires to be held hard.
As fuperfluous flefh did rot,
Amendment ready ftill at hand did wait.
To pluck it out with pincers fiery hot,
That foon in him was left no one corrupt jot. Fa. Queen.
2. The claw of an animal.
Every ant brings a fmall particle of that earth in her pin¬
cers, and lays it by the hole. Addifon's Guardian.
To Pinch, v. a. [pincer, Fr.]
1. To fqueeze between the fingers, or with the teeth.
When the dodlor fpies his vantage ripe,
To pinch her by the hand,
The maid hath given confent to go with him. Shakefp.
2. To hold hard with an inflrument.
3. To fqueeze the flefh till it is pained or livid.
Thou fhalt be pinch'd
As thick as honey-combs, each pinch more flinging
Than bees that made them. Shakefpeare's Tempef.
He would pinch the children in the dark fo hard, that he
left the print in black and blue. Arbuthnot's Hijl. of J. Butt.
4. To prefs between hard bodies.
5. To gall 3 to fret.
As they pinch one another by the difpofition, he cries out,
no more. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
6. To gripe ; to opprefs 3 to flraiten.
W ant of room upon the earth pinching a whole nation,
begets the remedilefs war, vexing only fome number of par¬
ticulars, it draws on the arbitrary. Raleigh's EJfays.
. She pinch'd her belly with her daughter’s too,
To bring the year about with much ado. Dryden.
Nic. Frog would pinch his belly to fave his pocket. Arb.
7. To diftrefs 3 to pain.
Avoid the pinching cold and fcorching heat. Milton.
Afford them fhelter from the wintry winds.
As the fharp year pinches. Fhomfon's Autumn.
8. To prefs 5 to drive to difficulties.
The beaver, when he finds himfelf hard pinch'd, bites ’em
off, and by leaving them to his purfuers, faves himfelf.
L'Ejlrange.
When the refpondent is pinched with a ftrong objedlion,
and is at a lofs for an anfwer, the moderator fuggefls fome
anfwer to the objedlion of the opponent. Watts.
9. To try throughly 3 to force out what is contained within.
This is the way to pinch the queftion 3 therefore, let what
will come of it, I will Hand the teft of your method. Collier.
To Pinch, v. n.
1. To aft with force, fo as to be felt 3 to bear hard upon 3 to
be puzzling.
A difficulty pincheth, nor will it eafily be refolved. Glanv.
But thou
Know’ll with an equal hand to hold the fcale,
See’ft where the reafons pinch, and where they fail. Dryd.
2. To fpare5 to be frugal.
There is that waxeth rich by his warinefs and pinching.
Eccluf. xi. 18. »
The poor that fcarce have wherewithal to eat.
Will pinch and make the finging boy a treat. Dryden.
The bounteous player outgave the pinching lord. Dryden.
Pinch, n.f. [pinion, French, from the verb.]
1. A painful lqueeze with the fingers.
If any flraggler from his rank be found,
A pinch muft for the mortal fin compound. Dryden.
2. A gripe 3 a pain given.
There cannot be a pinch in death
More fharp than this is. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
3. Oppreffion 3
P I N
3. Oppreflion ; diftrefs inflated.
Return to her : no, rather I chufe
To be a comrad with the wolf and owl,
Neceffity’s fharp pinch. Shakefp. King Lear.
A farmer was put to fuch a pinch in a hard winter, .that he
was forced to feed his family upon the main flock. L'Ejlr.
4. Difficulty; time of diftrefs.
A good fure friend is a better help at a pinch, than all the
flratagems of a man s own wit. , Bacon.
The devil helps his fervants for a feafon ; but when they
come once to a pinch, he leaves ’em in the lurch. L’Ejlrange.
The commentators never fail him at a pinch, and mull excufe him. _ Dryden.
They at a pinch can bribe a vote. Swift's Mifcellanies'.
PFnchpenny. \n’fm iPtnch-> and penny.] A mifer. Jin/.
Pi'ncushion. n.J. [pin and cujhion.] A fmall bag fluffed
with bran or wool on which pins are fluck.
She would ruin me in filks, were not the quantity, that
goes to a large pincujhion, fufficient to make her a gown and
petticoat. Jddifon’s Guardian, N° 271.
Thou art a retailer of phrafes, and doft deal in remnants of
remnants, like a maker of pincufhions. Congreve.
Pi'ndust. n.f. [pin and dujl.] Small particles of metal made
by cutting pins.
The little parts of pinduji, when mingled with fand, can¬
not, by their mingling, make it lighter. Digby.
Pine, n.f [pinus, Lat. pin, French.]
The pine-tree hath amentaceous flowers or katkins, which
are produced, at remote diflances from the fruit, on the fame
tree ; the feeds are produced in fquamous cones : to which
fhould be added, that the leaves are longer than thofe of a
fir-tree, and are produced by pairs out of each fheath. Miller.
You may as well forbid the mountaineer
To wag their high tops, and to make a noife,
When they are fretted with die gulls of heaven. Shake/p.
Thus droops this lofty pine, and hangs his fprayes ;
\ Thus Eleanor’s pride dies in her younger days. Shakcfp.
Go forth unto the mount, and fetch pine-branches. Nehetn.
To Pine. v. a. [piman, Sax. pijnen, Dutch.]
1. To languifh ; to wear away with any kind of mifery.
My hungry eyes through greedy covetife.
With no contentment can themlelves fuffice;
But having, pine, and having not, complain. Spenfer.
I burn, I pine, I perifh.
If I atchievenot this young modefl girl. Shake/p.
Since my young lady’s going into France, the fool hath
much pined away. _ _ Shake/p. King Lear.
See, fee the pining malady of France,
Behold the mofl unnat’ral wounds.
Which thou thyfelf haft giv’n her woful breaft. Shake/p.
Ye fhall not mourn, but pine away for your iniquities.
Ezekiel xxiv. 23.
The wicked with anxiety of mind
Shall pine away; in fighs confume their breath. Sandys.
To me who with eternal famine pine,
Alike is hell, orparadife, or heav’n. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Farewell the year, which threaten’d fo
The faireft light the world can fhow $
Welcome the new, whofe ev’ry day,
Reftoring what was fnatch’d away
By pining ficknefs from the fair.
That matchlefs beauty does repair. Waller.
This night fhall fee the gaudy wreath decline,
The rofes wither, and the lilies pine. Tickell.
2. To languifh with defire.
We may again
Free from our feafts and banquets bloody .knives.
Do faithful homage and receive free honours :
All which we pine for. Shakefp. Macbeth.
We flood amaz’d to fee your miftrefs mourn.
Unknowing that fhe pin'd for your return. Dryden.
Your new commander need not pine for adlion. Philips.
To Pine. v. a.
1. To wear out; to make to languifh.
Part us ; I towards the north, *
Where fhivering cold and ficknefs pines the clime.
. Shakcfp.
Beroe pin d with pain.
Her age and anguifh from thefe rites detain. Dryden.
Thus tender Spencer liv’d, with mean repaft y
Content, deprefs'd with penury, and pin'd
In foreign realm : yet not debas’d his verfe. Philips.
2. To grieve for; to bemoan in filence.
Abafh’d the devil flood,
Virtue in her fhape how lovely, faw; and pin'd
His lofs. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. iv.
Pi'neapple. n.f
The pineapple hath a flower confifting of one leaf, divided
into three parts, and is funnel-fhaped : the embryos are pro¬
duced in the tubercles: thefe become a flefhy fruit full of
P I N
juice : the feeds, which are lodged in the tubercles, are very
fmall and almofl kidney-fhaped. Aiiller
Try if any words can give the tafle of a pineapple, and
make one have the true idea of its relifh. Locke.
II a child were kept where he never faw but black and
white, he would have no more ideas of fcarlet, than he that
never tailed a pineapple, has of that particular relifh. Locke.
Pi neal. adj. [pineale, Fr.] Refembiing a pineapple. An epi¬
thet given by Des Cartes from the form, to the gland which
he imagined the feat of the foul.
Courtiers and fpaniels exacftly refemble one another in the
pineal gland. Jrbuthnot and Pope.
Pi'nfeathered. adj. [pin andfeather.] Not fledged; having
. the feathers yet only beginning to flioot.
We fee fome ravj pinfeather’d thing
Attempt to mount, and fights and heroes fing;
Who for falfe quantities was whipt at fchool. Dryden.
Pinfold, n. f. [pinban, Sax. to fhut up, and fold.] A place
in which beafts are confined.
The Irifh never come to thofe raths but armed ; which the
Englifh nothing fulpedling, are taken at an advantage, like
fheep in the pinfold. Spenfer on "'Ireland.
1 care not for thee.—
If I had thee in Lipfbury pinfold, I would make thee
care for me., Shakefp. King Lear.
Confin d and pefter’d in this pinfold here,
Strive to keep up a frail and feverilh being. Milton.
Oaths were not purpos’d more than law
To keep the good and juft in awe.
But to confine the bad and finful.
Like moral cattle in a pinfold. Hudibras.
Pi'ncle. n.f. A fmall clofe ; an inclofure.. Ainf.
Pi nmoney. n.f. [pin and money.] Money allowed to a wife
for her private expences without account.
The woman muft find out fomething elfe to mortgage,
when her pinmoney is gone. Addifon's Guardian.
Pinguid, adj. [pinguis, Lat.] Fat; undluous. Little ufed.
Some clays are more pinguid, and other more flippery ;
yet all of them are very tenacious of water on the furface.
. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
I 1 whole, n. f. [pin and hole.] A fmall hole, fucli as is
made by the perforation of a pin.
The breaft at firft broke in a fmall pinhole. Wifeman.
Pi'nion. n.f. [pignon, Fr.
1. The joint of the wing remoteft from the body.
2. Shakejpeare feems to ufe it for a feather or quill of the wing.
He is pluckt, when hither
He fends fo poor a pinion of his wnu. ihakefp.
3. Wing. Jr
How oft do they with golden pinions cleave
The flitting fkies, like flying purluivant. Fairy Sjueen.
The God, who mounts the winged winds.
Fall to his feet the golden pinions binds,
That high through fields of air his flight fuftain. Pope.
Though fear fhould lend him pinions like the wind.
Yet fwifter fate will feize him from behind. Swift.
4. The tooth of a fmaller wheel, anfwering to that of a larger.
5. Fetters for the hands. » j-inr
ro Pi'nion. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To bind the wings.
Whereas they have_facrificed to themfelves, they become
themfelves facnfices to the inconftancy of fortune, whofe
wings they thought by their felf-wifdom to have pinioned.
. . _ Bacon's Efj'ays, NQ 24.
2. To confine by binding the wings.
3- do bind the arm to the body.
A fecond fpear fent with equal force,
His right arm pierc’d, and holding on, bereft
His ufe of both, and pinion'd down his left. Dryden.
4. To confine by binding the elbows to the fides.
Swarming at his back the country cry’d,
And feiz’d and pinion'd brought to court the knight. '
5. Tofhackle; to bind. Drydei.
Know, that I will not wait pinion'd at your mafter’s court;
rathei make my country s high pyramids my gibbet, and hanome up in chains. Shakejp. Antony and Cleopatra.
You are not to go loofe any longer, you muft be pinion'd.
. Shakefp. Merry Wives of IVindfor.
O loofe this frame, this knot of man untie !
That my free foul may ufe her wing.
Which now is pinion’d with mortality.
As an entangled, hamper’d thing. Herbert
In vain from chains and fetters free.
The great man boafts of liberty ;
He’s pinion’d up by formal rules of ftate. Norris
o. lo bind to.
A heavy lord fhall hang at ev’ry wit •
And whde on fame’s triumphant car they ride,
m ave o mine be pinion'd to their fide. Dunciad.
Pink.
/
P I o
Pink. n.f. [pince, Fr. from pink, Dutch, an eye j whence
the Fre'lich word aeillet.]
1. A fmall fragrant flower of the gilliflowcr kind.
In May and June come pinks of all forts; efpecially the
blufh pink. . bacon’s Eflays.
2. An eye ; commonly a fmall eye: as, pink-eyed.
Come, thou monarch of the vine,
Plumpy Bacchus, with pink eyne,
In thy vats ouroares be drown’d. Sbakefpeare.
3. Any thing fupremely excellent. I know not whether from
the flower^or the eye, or a corruption of pinacle.
I am the very pink of courtefy. Sbakcfp. Rom. andjul.
4. A colour ufed by painters.
Pink is very fufceptible of the other colours by the mixture ;
if you mix brown-red with it, you will make it a very earthy
colour. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
5. [Pinque, Fr.] A kind of heavy narrow-fterned firip.
This pink is one of Cupid’s carriers ;
Give fire, fire is my prize. Sbakefp. Merry Wives of JVindf.
6. A fifh ; the minow. Ainfwortb.
To Pink. v. a. [from pink, Dutch, an eye.] To work in oylet holes ; to pierce in fmall holes.
A haberdalher’s wife of fmall wit rail’d upon me, till her
pink’d porringer fell off her head. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
The fea-hedgehog is enclofed in a round fhell, handfomely
Wrought and pink'd. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
Happy the climate, where the beau
Wears the fame fuit for ufe and Ihow ;
And at a fmall expence your wife,
If once well pink’d, is cloath’d for life-. Prior.
To Pink. v. n. [pincken, Dutch ; from the noun.] To wink
with the eyes.
A hungry fox lay winking and pinking, as if he had fore
eyes. L’Eflrange’s Fables.
Pi nmaker, n.f [pin and make.'] He who makes pins.
Pinnace. n.f. [pinafle, Fr. pinnacia, Italian; pinapa, Span.]
A boat belonging to a fliip of war. It feems formerly to
have fignified rather a fmall floop or bark attending a largerfhip.
Whilft our pinnace anchors in the downs,
Here fhall they make their ranfom on the land. Sbakefp.
For fear of the Turks great fleet, he came by night in a
fmall pinnace to the Rhodes. Knolles’s Hifl. of the Turks.
I fent a pinnace or poll of advice, to make a difeovery of
the coaft, before I adventured my greater fliip. Spelman.
Thus to ballaft love,
I faw I had love’s pinnace overfraught. Donne.
I difeharged a bark, taken by one of my pinnaces, coming
from cape blanch. Raleigh s Apology.
A pinnace anchors in a craggy bay. Milton.
Swift as a fwallow fweeps the liquid way.
The winged pinnace fhot along the fea. Pope.
Pi'nnacle. n.f. [pinnacle, Fr. pinna, Lat.]
j. A turret or elevation above the reft of the building.
My letting fome men go up to the pinnacle of the temple,
was a temptation to them to caft me down headlong. K. Char.
He who defires only heaven, laughs at that enchantment,
which engages men to climb a tottering pinnacle, where the
Handing is uneafy, and the fall deadly. Decay of Piety.
He took up ftlip-money where Noy left it, and, being a
judge, carried it up to that pinnacle, from whence he almoft
broke his neck. Clarendon.
Some metropolis
With glift’ring fpires and pinnacles adorn’d. Milton.
2.A high l'piring point.
The flipp’ry tops of human Hate,
The gilded pinnacles of fate. Cowley.
Pi'nner. n.f. [from pinna or pinion.']
1. The lappet of a head which flies loofe.'
Her goodly countenance I’ve feen,
Set off" with kerchief ftarch’d, and pinners clean.. Gay.
An antiquary will fcorn to mention a pinner or a night-rail,
but will talk on the vitta. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
2. A pinmaker. Ainfwortb.
Pi'n’nock. n.f. The tom-tit. Ainjwortb.
Pint. n. f. [pinr, Sax. pinte, Fr. pinta, low Lat.] Haft a
quart; in medicine, twelve ounces ; a liquid meafure.
Well, you’ll not believe me generous, till I crack half a
pint with you at my own charges. Dryden.
Pi'nules. n.f. In aftronomy, the fights of an aftrolabe. Dili.
Pio'neer. n.f. [pionier, from pion, obfolete Fr. pion, accoiding to Scaliger, comes from peo for pedito, a foot foldier, who
was formerly employed in digging for the army. A pioneer
is in Dutch, fpagenier, fromfpage, afpade; whence Junius
imagines that the French borrowed pagenier, which was after¬
wards called pioneer.'] One whole bufinefs is to level the
road, throw up works, or fink mines in military operations.
Well faid, old mole, can’ft work i’th’ ground fo fait ?
A worthy pioneer ? Sbakefpeare’s Hamlet.
Three try new experiments, fuch as themfelves think good ;
thefe wc call pioneers or miners. Bacon.
His pioneers
Fvcn the paths, and make the highways plain. Fairfax.
” 6
P I P
Of labouring pioneers
A multitude with fpades and axes arm’d,
To lay hills plain, fell woods or vallies fill. Milton.
The Romans, after the death of Tiberius, fent thither an
army of pioneers to demolifh the buildings, and deface the
beauties of the ifland. Addifon s Remarks on Italy,
Pi'oning. n.f. Works of pioneers. Spenfer.
Pi ony. n.f. [paonia, Lat.] A large flower. See Peony.
PI'OUS. adj. [plus, Lat. pieux, Fr.]
1. Careful of the duties owed by created beings to God; godly;
religious ; fuch as is due to facred things.
Pious awe that fear’d to have offended. Milton.
2. Careful of the duties of near relation.
As he is not called a juft father, that educates his children
well, but pious; fo that prince, who defends and well rules
his people, is religious. Taylor’s Rule of Living Holy.
Where was the martial brother’s pious care ?
Condemn’d perhaps fome foreign fliore to tread. Pope.
3. Pradtifed under the appearance of religion.
I fhall never gratify fpightfulnefs with any finifter thoughts
of all whom pious frauds have feduced. King Charles.
Pi'ously. adv. [frompious.] In a pious manner; religioufly ;
with regard; fuch as is due to facred things.
The prime a£t and evidence of the chriftian hope is, to
fet induftrioufly and pioufly to the performance of that condi¬
tion, on which the promife is made. Hammond.
See lion-hearted Richard, with his force
Drawn from the North, to Jury’s hallow’d plains ;
Pioufly valiant. Philips.
This martial prefent pioufly defign’d,
The loyal city give their beft-lov’d king. Dryden.
Let freedom never perifh in your hands !
Put pioufly tranfmit it to your children. Addifon’s Cato.
Pip. n.f. [pippe, Dutch; pepie, Fr. deduced by Skinner from
pituita ; but probably coming from pipio or pipilo, on account
of the complaining cry.]
1. A defluxion with which fowls are troubled; a horny pellicle
that grows on the tip of their tongues.
When murrain reigns in hogs or fheep.
And chickens languifh of the pip. Hudibras.
A fpiteful vexatious gipfy died of the pip. L’Ejlrange.
2. A fpot on the cards. I know not from what original, unlefs
from pidi, painting; in the country, the pidfure’d or court
cards are called pints.
When our women fill their imaginations with pips and
counters, I cannot wonder at a new-born child, that was
marked with the five of clubs. Addifon’s Guardian.
To Pip. v. a. [pipio, Lat.] To chirp or cry as a bird.
It is no unfrequent thing to hear the chick pip and cry in the
egg, before the fhell be broken. Boyle.
Pipe. n.f. [pib, Welfh; pipe, Saxon.]
j. Any long hollow body ; a tube.
The veins unfill’d, our blood is cold, and then
We powt upon the morning, are unapt
To give or to forgive ; but when we’ve fluff’d
Thele pipes, and thefe conveyances of blood
With wine and feeding, we have fuppler fouls. Sbakefp.
The part of the pipe, which was lowermoft, will become
higher ; fo that water afeends by defeending. Wilkins.
It has many fprings breaking out of the Tides of the hills,
and vaft quantities of wood to make pipes of. - Addifon.
An animal, the nearer it is to its original, the more pipes
it hath, and as itadvanceth in age, ftill fewer. Arbuthnot.
2. A tube of clay through which the fume of tobacco is drawn
into the mouth.
Try the taking of fumes by pipes, as in tobacco and other
things, to dry and comfort. Bacon’s NaturalHiflory.
His ancient pipe in fable dy’d,
And half unfmoak’d lay by his fide. Swift.
My hufband’s a fot.
With his pipe and his pot. Swift.
3. An inftrumentof hand muiick.
I have known, when there was no mufick with him but the
drum and the fife, and now had he rather hear the taber and
the pipe. Sbakefp.
The folemn pipe and dulcimer. Milton.
The fhrill found of a fmall rural pipe.
Was entertainment for the infant ftage. Rofcommon.
There is no reafon, why the found of a pipe fliould leave
traces in their brains. . Locke.
4. The organs of voice and refpiration ; as, the wind-pipe.
The exercife of Tinging openeth the brealt and pipes. Peac.
5. The key of the voice.
My throat of war be turn’d,
Which quired with my drum, into a pipe
Small as an eunuch. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
6. An office of the exchequer.
That office of her majefty’s exchequer, we, by a metaphor,
call the pipe, becaufe the whole receipt is finally conveyed
into it by the means of divers fmall pipes or quills, as water
into a ciltern. Bacon.
7.[Peep,
p i a.
7. [Peep, Dutch ; pipe-, Fr.] A liquid meafure containing two
hogfheads. .
I think I {hall drink in pipe wine with Falftaff; I’ll make
him dance. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
To Pipe. v. n. [horn the noun.]
I.To play on the pipe. ^ .
Merry Michael the Cornifh poet piped thus upon his paten
pipe for merry England. Camden's Remains.
We have piped unto you, and you have not danced, Mat.
In fmging, as in piping, you excel.
Gaming goats, and fleecy flocks.
Dryden.
2.
And lowing herds, and piping fwains;
Come dancing to me. Swift.
To have a Ihrill found.
His big manly voice,
Turning again toward childifh treble, pipes
And whiftles in his found. Shakefp. As You like it.
PTper. n.f. [from pipe.] One who plays on the pipe.
Pipers and trumpeters (hall be heard no more in thee. Rev.
Pi'petree. n.f. The lilac tree.
Pi pino. adj. [from pipe. This word is only ufed in low
language.]
1. Weak ; feeble ; fickly : from the weak voice of the Tick.
I, in this weak piping time of peace,
Have no delight to pafs away the time,
Unlefs to fpy my fhadow in the fun. Shakefp.
2. Hot; boiling : from the found of any thing that boils.
Pipkin, n.f. [diminutive of pipe, a large veffel.] A fmall
earthern boiler.
A pipkin there like Homer’s tripod walks. Pope.
Some officer might give confent
To a large cover’d pipkin in his tent. King.
Pi'ppin. n. f. [puppynghe, Dutch. Skinner.] A {harp apple.
Pippins take their name from the fmall fpots or pips that
ufually appear on the fides of them : fome are called ftone
pippins from their obduratenefs; fome Kentifh pippins, becaufe they agree well with that foil; others French pippins,
having their original from France, which is the beft bearer
of any of thefe pippins; the Holland pippin and the ruflet
pippin, from its ruflet hue; but fuch as are diftinguifhed by
the names of grey and white pippins are of equal goodnefs :
they are generally a very pleafant fruit and of good juice,
but flender bearers. Mortimer s Plufbandry.
You (hall fee mine orchard, where, in an arbour, we will
eat a lafl: year’s pippin of my own graffing. Shakefp.
At flipper entertain yourfelf with a pippin roafted.
Harvey.
The flory of the pippin-woman, I look upon as fabulous.
Addifon s Spectator, N° 247.
His foaming tufks let fome large pippin grace.
Or midfl thofe thund’rtng fpears an orange place. King.
This pippin fhall another tr.al make ;
See from the core two kernels brown I take. Gay.
Pi'quANT. adj. [piquant, French*.]
1. Pricking; piercing; Simulating.
There are vaft mountains of a tranfparent rock extremely
folid, and as piquant to the tongue as fait. Addifon on Italy.
2. Sharp ; tart; pungent; levere.
Some think their wits afleep, except they dart out fomewhat that is piquant, and to the quick : that is a vein that
would be bridled ; and men ought to find the difference be¬
tween faltnefs and-bitternefs. Bacon’s EJJays.
Men make their railleries as piquant as they can to wound
the deeper. Government of the Tongue.
Pi'quancy. n.f. [from piquant.] Sharpnefs ; tartnefs.
Pi'quantly. aclv. [from piquant.] Sharply ; tartly.
A fmall miftake may leave upon the mind the lafting me¬
mory of having been piquantly, though wittily taunted. Locke.
PIQUE, n.f. [pique, French.]
1. An ill will; an offence taken ; petty malevolence.
He had never any the leaft pique, difference or jealoufy
with the king his father. Bacon's Henry VIII.
Men take up piques and difpleafures at others, and then
every opinion of the difliked perfon muff partake of his
fate. , Decay of Piety.
Out of a perfonal pique to thofe in fervice, he {lands as a
looker-on, when the government is attacked. Addifon.
2. A ftrong paffion.
Though he have the pique, and long,
’Tis flill for fomething in the wrong ;
As wo/nen long, when they’re with child.
For things extravagant and wild. Hudibras, p. iii.
3. Point; nicety; punctilio.
Add long prefcription of eftablifh’d laws.
And pique of honour to maintain a caule,
And Ihame of change. Dryden.
To Pique, v. a. [piquer, Fr.]
I. To touch with envy or virulency ; to put into fret.
Piqu'd by Protogenes’s fame,
From Co to Rhodes Apelles came
To fee a rival and a friend,
Prepar’d to cenfure or commend. , Prior.
P I S
The lady was piqued by her indifference, and began to
mention going away. Female Quixote.
2. To offend ; to irritate.
Why pique all mortals, that affe£t a name ?
A fool to pleafure, yet a Have to fame ! Pope:
3. [With the reciprocal pronounJ To value ; to fix reputa¬
tion as on a point. [ fe piquer, h rench.J
Children, having made it eafy to part with what they
have, may pique themfelues in being kind. Locke.
Men apply themfelves to two or three foreign, deal, and
which are called the learned, languages ; and pique themfelves
upon their fkill in them. Locke on Education.
To Piquee'r. See PickeeR.
Piquee'rer. n.f. A robber; a plunderer. Ratherpickeerer.
When the guardian profeffed to engage in faction; the word
was given, that the guardian would loon be feconded by
fome other piqueerers from the fame camp. Swift,
Pique't. n.f. [piequet,Yx.] A game at cards.
She commonly went up at fen,
Unlefs piquet was in the way. Prior.
Inftead of entertaining themfelves at ombre ox piquet, they
would wreftle and pitch the bar. Spectator.
Pl'Racy. n.f. [7ragaletot; piratica, Lat. piraterie, Fr. from
pirate.] The a<ft or practice of robbing on the fea.
Our gallants, in their frefli gale of fortune, began to fkum
the feas with their piracies. Carew's Survey ofCornwall.
Now fhall the ocean, as thy Thames, be tree,
From both thofe fates of {forms and piracy. Waller.
Fame fwifter than your winged navy flies.
Sounding your name, and telling dreadful news
To all that piracy and rapine ufei Waller.
His pretence for making w..r upon his neighbours was their
piracies ; though he pradtiled the fame trade. Arbuthnot.
PI'RATE. n.f. [zmgonifs •, piraia, Lat. pirate, Fr.]
1. A fea-robber.
Wrangling pirates that fall out
In fharing that which you have pill’d from me. Shakefp.
Pirates all nations are to profecute, not fo much in the
right of their own fears, as upon the band of human fociety. Bacon.
Relate, if bufinefs or the thirft of gain
Engage yourjourney o’er the pathlefs main.
Where favage pirates feek through feas unknown
The lives of others, vent’rous of their own. Pope.
2. Any robber; particularly a bookfeller who feizes the copies
of other men.
To Pi'rate. v. n. [from the noun.] To rob by fea.
When they were a little got out of their former condition,
they robbed at land and pirated by fea. Arbuthnot.
Nabis poffeffed himfelf of the coaft: near to Sparta, and
there pirated outrageoufly upon all the Peloponnefian trade.
Arbuthnot on Coins.
To PTrate. v. a. [pirater, Fr.] To take by robbery.
They publickly advertifed, they would pirate his edition.
Pope.
Pira'tical. adj. [piraticus, Lat. from pirate.] Predatory ;
robbing ; confifting in robbery.
Having gotten together {hips and barks, fell to a kind of
piratical trade, robbing, fpoiling and taking prifoners the
{hips of all nations. Bacon’s Henry VII.
The errors of the prefs were multiplied by piratical printers ;
to not one of whom I ever gave any other encouragement,
than that of not profecuting them. Pope.
Pisca'tion. n.f. [pifeatio, Lat.] The a<5t or practice of
filhing.
There are extant four books of cynegeticks, or venation ;
five of halieuticks, or pifeation, commented by Ritterhufius.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Pi'scary. n.f A privilege of fifhing. Dill.
Pi'scatory. adj. [pifeatorius, Lat.] Relating to fifties.
On this monument is reprefented, in bas-relief, Neptune
among the fatyrs, to {hew that this poet was the inventor of
pifeatory eclogues. Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
Piscivorous. adj. [pifeis and voro.] Filheating; living on
fifh.
In birds that are not carnivorous, the meat is fwallowed
into the crop or into a kind of anteftomach, obferved in pifeivorous birds, where it is moiftened and mollified by fome
proper juice. Ray'on the Creation.
Pish, interj. A contemptuous exclamation. This is fometimes
fpoken and written pjhaw. I know not their etymology, and
imagine them formed by chance.
There was never yet philofopher
That could endure the toothach patiently ;
However they have writ,
And made a pijh at chance or fufferance. Shakefp.
She frowned and cried pijh, when I faid a thing that I
^°^e* _ _ • Spectator, NQ 268.
To 1 ish. v. n. [from the interjeilion.] Toexprefs contempt.
He turn’d over your Homer, {hook his head, and pifh'd at
every line of it. Pope.
19 S Pi'smire.
P I T
Pismire, n.f [myjia, Sax. plfmitre, Dutch.] An ant; an
emmet.
His cloaths, as atoms might prevail,
Might fit apifnirv or a whale. Prior.
Prejudicial to Fruit are pifmires, caterpillars and mice. Mart.
Po PISS. t'. n. [pi(j'er) Fr. pijjni, Dutch.] To make water.
1 charge thepijjikg conduit run nothing but claret. Sbakefp.
One afs pijfes, the reft pifs for company. L’Ejirange.
Once poftefs’d of what with care you fave,
I he wanton boys would pifs upon your grave. Dryden.
Piss, n.f [from the verb.] Urine; animal water.
My fpleen is at the little rogues, it would vex one more to
be knock’d on the head with a pifs-pot than a thunder
^ holt. Pope to Swift.
Pi ssabed, n.f A yellow flower growing in the grafs.
PAsburn't. adj. Stained with urine.
Pista'chio. n.f [pijlache, Fr. pijlacchi, Italian; pijlachia,
Latin.]
1 he pijlacbio is a dry fruit of an oblong figure, pointed at
both ends about half an inch in length, and a third of an inch
in thicknefs : it has a double {hell, the exteriour one mem¬
branaceous and thin, and the inner hard, tough and woody:
the kernel is of a green colour and a foft and uncftuous fubftance, much like the pulp of an almond, of a pleafant tafte :
piftachios were known to the ancients, and the Arabians call
them prjluib anAfeJtuch, and we fometinres fijiich nuts. Phil.
Pijiochios, fo they be good, and not mufty, joined with al¬
monds, are an excellent nourifher. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
PISTL. n.f [trench.] 1 he track or tread a horfeman makes
upon the ground he goes over.
Pj s i i llation. ?i. J. £pijlillum, Lat.] 7 he act of poundinoin a mortar.
I he beft diamonds we have are comminuible, and fo far
from breaking hammers, that they fubmit unto pijiillation,
and relift not an ordinary peftle. 'Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Pistol, n.f. [pijlolc, pijlolet, Fr.] A fmall handgun.
I hree watch the door with pijlols, that none fhould iftue
ou;- Shakefpeare’s Merry Wives of Windfor.
I he whole body of the horle palled within pijlol-ihot of
the cottage. Clarendon, b. viii.
Quickiilver difeharged from a piflol will hardly pierce
through a parchment. frowns Vulgar Errours.
A woman had a tubercle in the great canthus of the eye, of
the bignefs of a pijlol-bullet. Wifeman’s Surgery.
To Pi stol. v. a. [pijloler, Fr.] To fhoot with a piftol.
Pi stole, n.f [pijlolc, Fr.] ' A coin of many countries and
many degrees of value.
I fhall dilburden him of many hundred pijloles, to make
him lighter for the journey. Dryden s Spanifh Fryar.
Pisto'let. n.f [diminutive of pijlol.] A little piftol.
Thofe unliekt bear-whelps, unfil’d pi/lolets
That, more than cannon-fhot, avails or lets. Doiine.
Piston, n.J. [pijlon, Fr.] The movable part in feveral ma¬
chines ; as in pumps and fyringes, whereby the fudtion or at¬
traction is caufed ; am embolus.
PIT. n.J. [pic, Saxon.]
1. A hole in the ground.
Get you gone,
And from the pit of Acheron
Meet me i’ th’ morning. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Tumble me into lome loathfome pit,
Where never man’s eye may behold my body. Sbakefp.
Our enemies have beat us to the pit;
It is more worthy to leap in ourfelves.
Than tarry ’till they pufh us. Sbakefp. Julius Cafar.
Pits upon the fea-fhore turn into frefh water, by percola¬
tion of the fait through the fand ; but in fome places of Africa,
the water in fuch pits will become brackifh again. Bacon.
2. Abyfs; profundity.
Into what pit thou feeft
^ From what height fallen. Milton,
3. The grave.
O Lord, think no fcorn of me, left I become like them
that go down into the pit. Pfalm xxviii. 1.
4. I he area on which cocks fight; whence the phrafe, to fly
the pit.
Make him glad, at leaft, to quit
His victory, and fly the pit. Hudibras.
M'hey managed the difpute as fiercely, as two game-cocks
in the pit. Locke on Education.
5* I he middle part of the theatre.
Let Cully, Cockwood, Fopling charm the pit.
And in their folly fhew the writers wit. Dryden.
Now luck for us, and a kind hearty pit;
T, ,or h<; wfi° pleafes, never fails of wit. Dryden.
It:>‘ <- 'B Ptls> [M Fr. from pettus, Lat.] Any hollow of the
J as’ t le P** °f the ftomach ; the arm pit.
7. A dint made by the finger.
i o i 11. v. a. I o fink in hollows.
Am anafjirca, a fpecies of dropfy, is cliaraflcrifed by the
ftmmg and foftncls ot the fkm, which gives way to the leaft
imprefhon, and remains pitted for ionic time. Sharp
Pitapat, n.f. [probably from pas a pas, or patte patte, Fr.]’
PIT
1. A flutter; a palpitation.
A lion meets him, and the fox’s heart wentpitapat. L'Eflr.
2. A light quick ftep.
Now I hear the pitapat of a pretty foot through the dark
alley : no, ’tis the foil of a mare that’s broken loofe, and
munching upon the melons. Dryden’s Don Sebajlian,
PI TCH. n. f. [pic, Sax. pix, Lat.] The refin of the pine ex¬
tracted by fire and infpiflated.
I hey that touch pitch will be defiled. Proverbs.
Of air and water mixed together, and confumed with fire,
is made a black colour; as in charcoal, oil, pitch and
links* Peacham on Drawing.
A veflel fmear’d round with pitch. Milton.
2. [From pills, hr. SkinnerJ Any degree of elevation or
height.
Lovely concord and moft facred peace
Doth nourifti virtue, and faft friendfhip breeds,
Weak fhe makes ftrong, and ftrong things does increafe.
Till it the pitch of higheft praife exceeds. Fairy Lfueen.
How high a pitch his refolution foars. ShukeJ'p.
Arm thy heart, and fill thy thoughts
To mount aloft with thy imperial miftrefs,
, And mount her pitch. Shakefpeare’s Titus Andronicus.
Between two hawks, which flies the higher pitch,
I have, perhaps, fome fhallow judgment. Sbakefp.
Down they fell,
Driv’n headlong from the pitch of heav’n, down
Into this deep. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. ii.
Cannons fhoot the higher pitches.
The lower we let down their breeches. Hudibras.
Alcibiades was one of the beft orators of his age, notwithftanding he lived at a time when learning was at the
higheft pitch. Addijon s Whig Examiner.
3. Higheft rife.
A beauty waining, and diftrefted widow,
Seduc’d the pitch and height of all his thoughts
To bale declenfion and loath’d bigamy. Sbakefp.
4. State with refpeCt to lownefs or height.
From this high pitch let us defeend
A lower flight; and lpeak of things at hand. Milton.
By how much from the top of wond’rous glory,
Strongeft of mortal men,
'Fo loweft pitch of abjeCt fortune thou art fall’ll. Milton,
5. Size; ftature.
That infernal monfter having caft
His weary foe into the living well,
’Gan high advance his broad dilcoloured breaft
Above his wonted pitch. Faily Jhicen.
Were the whole frame here.
It is of fuch a lpacious lofty pitch.
Your roof were not fufficient to contain it. Sbakefp.
It turn’d itfelf to Ralpho’s fhape ;
So like in perfon, garb and pitch,
’Twas hard t’ interpret which was which. Hudibras.
6. Degree; rate.
To overcome in battle, and fubdue
Nations, and bring home fpoils, with infinite
Manflaughter, (hall be held the higheft pitch
Of human glory. Milton's Par; Lojl, b. xi.
Our refident Tom
From Venice is come.
And hath left the ftatefman behind him.
Talks at the fame pitch,
Is as wife, is as rich.
And juft where you left him, you find him. Denham.
Princes that fear’d him, grieve ; concern’d to fee
No pitch of glory from the grave is free. Waller.
Evangelical innocence, fuch as the gofpel accepts, though
mingled with feveral infirmities and defedts, yet amounts to
luch a pitch of righteoufnefs, as we call fincerity. South.
When the fun’s heat is thus far advanced, ’tis but juft
come up to the pitch of another fet of vegetables, and but
great enough to excite theterreftial particles, which are more
ponderous. Woodward's Natural Hi/lory.
To PITCH. v. a. [appicciare, Italian.]
I. To fix ; to plant.
On Dardan plains the Greeks do pitch
I heir brave pavilions. Shakefpeare’s Troilus and CrcJJida.
Sharp flakes, pluckt out of hedges.
They pitched in the ground. ° Sbakefp. Hc7iry VI.
He counfclled him how to hunt his game,
What dart to caft, what net, what toile to pitch. Fairfax.
David prepared a place for the ark of God, and pitched for
fit a tent. 1 Chron. xv. 1.
Mahometes pitched his tents in a little meadow. Knolles.
When the vidlor
Had conquered Thebes, he pitched upon the plain
His mighty camp. Dryden's Knight's Tale,
To Chaffis’ pleafing plains he took his way,
There pitch’d his tents, and there refolv’d to ft ay. Dryden.
The trenches firlt they pafs’d, then took their way
Where their proud foes in pitch’d pavilions lay. Dryden.
7 2. To
P I T P I T
2.To oulcr regularly.
In fetting down the form of common prayer, there was
no need to mention the learning of a fit, or the unfitnefs of
an ignorant niinifter, more than that he, which deferibeth
the manner how to pitch a field, fhould fpeak of moderation
and fobriety in diet. Hooker, b. v. f 31.
One pitched battle would determine the fate of the Spanifh
continent. Addifon on the State of the JVar.
~ 'jo throw headlong ; to cad forward.
They’ll not pitch me i’ th’ mire,
Unlels he bid ’em. Shakejp. Tempeft.
They would wreftle, and pitch the bar for a whole after¬
noon. Spectator, Nw 434.
4. To fmear with Pitch, [pico, Lat. from the noun.]
The ark pitch within and without. Genefisvi. 14.
'I he I rojans mount their fhips, born on the waves,
And the pitch'd veflels glide with caly force. Dryden.
Some pitch the ends of the timber in the walls, to prelerve
them from the mortar. Moron s Mechanical Fxercife.
I pitched over the convex very thinly, by dropping melted
pitch upon it, and warming it to keep the pitch foft, whilft
I ground it with the concave copper wetted to make it fpread
evenly all over the convex. Newton’s Opticks.
5. To darken.
The air hath ftarv’d the rofes in her cheeks.
And pitch'd the lily tincture of her face. Shakefp.
Damon
Role early from his bed ; but foon he found
The welkin pitch’d with fullen cloud. Addifon.
6. To pave. Ainfworth.
To'Pi a ch. v. n.
1. To light3 to drop.
When the fwarm is fettled, take a branch of the tree
whereon they pitch, and wipe the hive clean. Mortimer.
2. To fall headlong.
The courier o’er the pommel caff the knight 3
Forward he flew, and pitching on his head,
Ke quiver’d with his feet, and lay for deal. Dryden.
3. To fix choice.
We think ’tis no great matter which.
They’re all alike, yet we fhall pitch
On one that fits our purpofe. Huclibras.
A free agent will pitch upon fuch a part in his choice, with
knowledge certain. More's Divine Dialogues.
The lubjeCt I have pitched upon may leem improper. South.
I pitched upon this confideration that parents owe their chil¬
dren, not only material fubfiftence, but much more fpiritual
contribution to their mind. Digby on the Soul.
The covetous man was a good while at a ftand; but he
came however by degrees to pitch upon one thing after an¬
other. L’Ejlrange’s Fables.
Pitch upon the beff courfe of life, and cultom will render
it the molt eafy. Tillptfon’s Sermons.
I tranflated Chaucer, and amongft the reft pitched on the
wife of Bath’s tale. Dryden’s Fables.
4. To fix a tent or temporary habitation.
They pitched by Emmaus in the plain. I Mac. iii. 40.
Pi'tcher. n. f. [picher, French.]
1. An earthen veliel 3 a water pot.
With fuddain fear her pitcher down fhe threw
And fled awray. Fairy Ween, b. i.
Pitchers have ears, and I have many fervants;
Befides old Gremio is hearkening. Shakefp.
Pyreicus was only famous for counterfeiting all bafe things 3
as earthen pitchers and a lcullery. Peacham on Drawing.
Hylas may drop his pitcher, none will cry.
Not if he drown himfelf. Dryden.
2. An inftrument to pierce the ground in which any thing is to
be fixed.
To the hills poles muft be fet deep in the ground, with a
fquare iron pitcher or crow. Mortimer’s Hujbandry.
Pi'tchfork. n.f. [pitch andfork.] A fork with which corn
is thrown upon the waggon.
An old lord in Leicefterfhire amufed himfelf with mending
pitchforks and fpades for his tenants gratis. Swift.
Pi'tchiness. n.f. [from pitchy.] Blacknefsj darknefi.
Pl'TCHY. adj. [from pitch.]
1. Smeared with pitch.
The planks, their pitchy cov’rings wafh’d away,
Now yield 3 and now a yawning breach difplay. Dryden.
2. Having the qualities of pitch.
Native petroleum, found floating upon fome fprings, is no
other than this very pitchy fubftance, drawn forth of the ftrata
by the water. fVttodward on Fojftls.
3. Black 3 dark 3 difinal.
Night is fled,
Whofe pitchy mantle oyer-veil’d the earth. Shakefp.
I will fort a pitchy day for thoe. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Pitchy and dark the night iometimes appears.
Friend to our woe, and parent of our fears 3
Ourjoy and wonder iometimes Ihe excites,
With ftars unn.umbcr’d. Prior.
Pi TCOAL. it. J. [pit and coal.] Foflile coal.
The heft fuel is peat, the next charcoal made of pitcoal or
cinders. Mortimer's Hufhandry.
Pit-man. n. f [pit and man.] He that in fawing timber works
below in the pit.
With the pitfaw they enter the one end of the fluff] the
topman at the top, and the pitman under him : the topman
obfervingto guide the law exactly, and the pitman drawing it
with all his ftrength perpendicularly down. Moxon.
Pi t-saw. n.f [pit and faw.J The large law ufed by two
men, of whom one is in the pit.
The pitfaw is not only ufed by thofe workmen that faw
timber and boards, but is alfo for lmall matters ufed by
joiners. Moxon’s MechanicalExercifes.
Pi teous. adj. [from pity.]
1. Sorrowful 3 mournful 5 exciting pity.
When they heard that piteous ftrained voice,
In hafte forfook their rural merriment. Fairy fftieen.
The moft arch deed of piteous mafiaere,
That ever yet this land was guilty of. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Which when Deucalion with a piteous look
Beheld, he wept. Diydon.
2. Compaflionate 3 tender.
If the feries of thy joys
Permit one thought lefs cheerful toarife.
Piteous transfer it to the mournful Twain. Prior.
She gave him, piteous of his cafe,
A fhaggy tap’ftry. Pope's Dunciad.
3. Wretched 3 paltry 3 pitiful.
Piteous amends ! unlels
Be meant our grand foe. Milton’s Par. Lofl.
PTteously. adv. [frompiteous ] In a piteous manner.
I muft talk of murthers, rapes and mafiacres,
Ruthful to hear, yet piteoufy perform’d. Shakefp.
Pi'teousness. n.J. [from piteous.] Sorrov/fulnefs 3 tendernels.
Pi tfall. n.f. [pit and fall.] A pit dug and covered, into
which a pafienger falls unexpectedly.
Poor bird! thoud’ll never fear the net nor lime,
The pitfall nor the gin. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Thieves dig concealed pitfalls in his way. Sandys.
Thefe hidden pitfalls were fet thick at the entrance of the
bridge, fo that throngs of people fell into them. Addifon.
PITH. n.f. [pitte, Dutch.]
1. The marrow of the plant 3 the foft part in the midft of the
wood.
If a cion, fit to be fet in the ground, hath the pith finely
taken forth, and not altogether, but fome of it left, it will bear
a fruit with little or no core. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Her folid bones convert to folid wood,
To pith her marrow, and to lap her blood. Dryden.
2. Marrow.
As doth the pith, which left our bodies flack.
Strings faft the little bones of neck and back 3
So by the loul doth death firing heav’n and earth. Donne.
The vertebres are all perforated in the middle, with a large
hole for the fpinal marrow or pith to pafs along. ' Ray.
3. Strength 5 force.
Pith in Scotland is ftill retained as denoting ftrength, either
corporeal or intellectual: as, that defies all your pith.
Leave your England,
Guarded with grandfires, babies and old women.
Or pals’d, or not arriv’d to pith and puiflance. Shakefp.
Since thefe arms of mine had feven years pith. Shakefp.
4. Energy 3 cogency 5 fulnefs of fentiment 3 cloienefs and vi¬
gour of thought and ftile.
5. Weight 3 moment; principal part.
That’s my pith of bufinefs
JTwixt you and your poor brother. Shakejp.
Enterprizes of great pith and moment.
With this regard their currents turn awry.
And lofe the name of aCtion. Shakefp. Hamlet.
6. The quintefcence ; the chief part.
The owner of a foul difeafe,
To keep it from divulging, lets it feed
Ev’n on the pith of life. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Pi'thily. adv. [frompithy.] With ftrength 3 with cogency 3
with force.
Pi'thiness. n.f. [from pithy.] Energy; ftrength.
No lefs deferveth his wittinels in deviling, his p'nhinefs in
uttering, his complaint of love, fo lovely. Spenfer.
PiThless. adj. [from pith.]
1. Wanting pith.
Weak fhoulders over-born with burthening grief
Andpithlefs arms, like to a wither’d .vine
That drops his faplefs branches to the ground. Shakefpeare.
2. Wanting energy 3 wanting force.
Pi'thy. adj. [from pith.]
1. Confifting of pith.
1 he pithy fibres brace and ftitch together the ligneous in a
plant. , Greta’s Cojmol. b. i.
r I he Herefordian plant that likes
T approach the quince, and th’ alder’s pithy Item. Philips.
2. Strong 3
p r T
2. Strong; forcible; energetick;
Yet (he with/)ithy words, and counfel fad,
Still ftrove their ludden rage3 to revoke ;
That at the laft, fupprelling fury mad.
They gan abftain. Fairy Queen, b. u.
I mud begin with rudiments of art,
More pleafant, pithy and effectual,
Than hath been taught by any. Shak. Taming ofthe Shrew.
Many rare pithy faws concerning
The worth of adrologic learning. Hudibras.
This pithy fpeech prevail’d, and all agreed; Dryden.
In all thefe, Goodman Fa£t was very fhort, but pithy;
for he was a plain home-fpun man. . Addifon.
Pi'tiable. adj. [pitoyable, Ff. from pity-'} Deferving pity.
The pitiable perfons relieved, are condantly urider your
eye> Atterbury s Sermons.
Pi'tiful. adj. [pity and full ]
1. Melancholy ; moving compaflion.
Some, who have not deferved judgment of death, have
been for their goods fake caught up and carried Araight to
the bough ; a thing indeed very pitiful and horrible. Spenfer.
A light mod: pitiful in the meaned wretch.
Pad fpeaking of in a king; Shakefp. King Lear.
Strangely vifited people,
All fwoln and ulc’rous, pitiful to the eye ;
The meredefpair of furgery he cures. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Will-he his pitiful complaints renew ?
For freedom with affliided language fue. Sandys.
The conveniency of this will appear, if we confider what
a pitiful condition we had been in. Ray on the Creation.
2. Tender; compaffionate.
Would my heart were flint, like Edward’s,
Or Edward’s foft and pitiful, like mine. Shakefp.
Be pitifulto my condemned fons,
Whofe fouls are not corrupted. Shakefp.
3. Paltry ; contemptible ; defpicable.
That’s villainous, and (hews a mod pitiful ambition in the
fool that ufes it. Shakefp. Hamlet.
One, in a wild pamphlet, befides other pitiful malignities,
would fcarce allow him to be a gentleman. IVitton.
The accufations againd him contained much frivolous mat¬
ter or pitiful. Hayward.
This is the doom of fallen man, to exhaud his time and
impair his health, and perhaps to fpin out his days and himfelf into one pitiful controverted conclufion. South.
Sin can pleafe no longer, than for that pitiful fpace of time
while it is committing; and furely the prefent pleafure of a
finful aft is a poor countervail for the bitternefs which begins
where the adtion ends, and lads for ever. South's Sermons.
If thefe pitiful (hanks were anfwerable to this branching
head, I (hould defy all my enemies. L'EJlrange's Fables.
What entertainment can be raifed from fo pitiful a ma¬
chine, where we fee the fuccefs of the battle from the be¬
ginning. Dryden's Dedication to Juvenal.
Pi'tifully. adv. [from pitiful.]
1. Mournfully ; in a manner that moves compaflion.
He beat him mod pitifully ; nay.
He beat him mod unpitifully. Shakefp.
Some of the philofophers doubt whether there were any
fuch thing as fenfe of pain ; and yet, when any great evil has
been upon them, they would figh and groan as pitifully as
other men. Tillotfon s Sermons.
2. Contemptibly; defpicably.
Thofe men, who give themfelves airs of bravery on reflect¬
ing upon the lad fcenes of others, may behave the mod piti¬
fully in their own. Clarijfa.
Pi tifulness. n. f. [from pitiful.]
1. Tendernefs ; mercy; compaflion.
Bafilius giving the infinite terms of praifes to Zelmane s
valour in conquering, and pitifulnefs in pardoning, commanded
no more words to be made of it. Sidney, b. 11.
2. Defpicablenefs; contemptiblenefs.
Pi'tilesly. adv. [from pitilefs.] Without mercy.
Pi'tilesness. n. f. Unmercifulnefs.
Pi'tiless. adj. [from pity.] Wanting pity ; wanting com¬
paflion ; mercilefs.
Fair be ye fure, but proud and pitilefs.
As is a dorm, that all things doth prodrate,
Finding a tree alone all comfortlefs,
Beats on it Arongly, it to ruinate. Spenfer.
Hadd thou in perfon ne’er offended me,
Even for his fake am I nowpitilefs. Shakefp.
My chance, I fee.
Hath made ev’n pity, pitilefs in thee.
Upon my livid lips bedow a kifs.
Nor fear your kifles canredore my breath ;
Even you are not more pitilefs than death. Dryden*
PITTANCE, n. f. [pitance, Fr. pietantia, Italian.]
1. An allowance of meat in a monadry.
2. A fmall portion.
Then at my lodging,
The word is this, that at fo (lender warning
Fairfax.
P L A
You’re iike to have a thin and llender pittance. Shakefp.
The afs faved a miferable pittance for himfelf. L'Ejlrange.
I have a fmall pittance left; with which I might retire. Arb.
Many of them lofe the greated part of the fmall pittance
of learning they received at the univerfity. Swift s Mijeellanies.
Pituite. n.f. [pituite, Fr. pituita, Lat.J Phlegm.
Serous defluxions and redundant pituite Were the product of
the winter, which made women fubjedt to abortions. Arb.
Pitu'itous. aclj. [pitaitofusi Lat. pituiteux, Fr.] Confiding
of phlegm.
It is thus with women, only that abound with pituitous and
watery humours. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
The forerunners of an apoplexy are weaknefs, waterinefs
and turgidity of the eyes, pituitous vomiting and laborious
breathing. Arbuthnot on Diet.
PITY. n. f. [pitie, Fr. pieta, Italian.]
1. Compaflion; fympathy with mifery; tendernefs for pain or
uneafinefs.
Thou had fcoUrged and taken pity on me. Tob. xi. 15.
Wan and meagre let it look,
With a fly-moving (hape. Waller.
An ant dropt into the water ; a woodpigeon took pity of
her, and threw her a little bough. L'EJlrange.
Led the poor (hould leem to be wholly difregarded by their
maker, he hath implanted in men a quick and tender fenfe of
pity and compaflion. Calamy s Sermons.
When ./Eneas is forced in his own defence to kill Laufus,
the poet (hows him compaffionate ; he has pity on his beauty
and youth, and is loth to deflroy fuch a maderpiece of na¬
ture. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
The mournful train
With groans and hands upheld, to move his mind,
Befought his pity to their helplefs kind. Dryden.
2. A ground of pity ; a fubjea of pity or of grief.
That he is old, the more is the pity, his white hairs do
witnefsit. ' Shakefp. Henry IV.
Julius Csefar writ a colle&ion of apophthegms; it is pity
his book is lod. Bacon.
’Tis great pity we do not yet fee the hidory of Chafmir.
Temple,
See, where (lie comes, with that high air and mien,
W hich marks in bonds the greatnefs of a queen,
Whatpity ’tis. _ _ Dryden.
What pity ’tis you are not all divine. Dryden.
Who would not be that youth ? what pity is it
That we can die but once to ferve our country ? Addif.
3. It has in this fenfe a plural. In low language.
Singlenefs of heart being a virtue fo neceflary, ’tis a thoufand pities it (hould be diicountenanced. L'EJlrange.
To Pi ty. v. a. [pitoyer, Fr.] To compaffionate milery ; to
regard with tendernefs on account of unhappinels.
When I defired their leave, that I might pity him, they
took from me the ufe of mine own houfe. Shakejp.
He made them to be pitied of all. Pfalmzxx. 46.
You I could pity thus forlorn. Milton.
Compaffionate my pains ! (he pities me'!
To one that a(ks the warm return of love,
Compaffion’s cruelty, ’tis (corn, ’tis death. Addifon.
To Pi'ty. v. n. To be compaffionate.
I will not pity nor fpare, nor have mercy, but deftroy
them. Jeremiah xim. 14.
Pi'VOT. n.f. [pivot, Fr.] A pin on which any thing turns.
When a man dances on the rope, the body is a weight
balanced on its feet,.as upon two pivots. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Pix. n.f. [pixis, Lat.] A little ched or box, in which theconfecrated hod is kept in Roman catholick countries. Hanmer.
He hath dolen a pix, and hanged mud a’ be. Shakejp.
Pi'zzle. n.f. [quadpij'sle. MinjhewJ
The pizzle in animals is official to urine and generation.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
PLA'CABLE. adj. [plaeabilis, Lat.] Willing or poffible to
be appeafed.
Since I fought
By pray’r th’ offended deity t’ appeafe ;
Methought I faw him placable and mild,
Bending his ear. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. xi.
Thofe implanted anticipations are, that there is a god, that
he is placable, to be feared, honoured, loved, worfftipped
and obeyed. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Placability. In.f. [from placable.] Willingnefs to be
Pla'cableness. ) appeafed ; poffibility to be appealed.
The various methods of propitiation and atonement (hew
the general confent of all nations in their opinion of the
mercy and placability of the divine nature. __ Anonymous.
Placard, .n.f. [plakaert, Dutch; placard, hr.] An edict;
Placa rt. ; a declaration ; a manifeflo.
To Pla cate. v. a. [placeo, Lat.] To appeafe ; to reconcile.
This word is ufed in Scotland.
That the effect of an atonement and reconciliation was to
give all mankind a right to approach and rely on the pro¬
tection and beneficence of a placated deity, is not deducible
from nature. .p^CE.
P L A
PLACE, n.f. [place, Fr. piazza, Italian; from ptatea, Lat.]
1. Particular portion of fpace. ^
Search you out a place to pitch your tents. Deut. i. 33.
W'e accept it always and in all places. Adis xxiv. 3.
Here I could frequent
With worfhip, place by place, where he vouchfaf’d
Prefence divine. Milton s Paradtfe Lojl, b. xi.
I will teach him the names of the moft celebrated perfons,
who trequ nt that place. Addifon's Guardian, 107.
2. Locality ; ubiety ; local relation.
Place is the relation of diftance betwixt any thing, and any
two or more points coniidered as keeping the fame diftance
one with another ; and fo as at reft : it has fometimes a more
confuted fenle, and ftands for that fpace which any body
takts up. Locke.
3. Local exiftence.
The earth and the heaven fled away, and there was found
no place foe them. Revelations xx. 11.
4. Space in general.
All bodies are confin’d within fome place;
But (lie all place within herfelf confines. Davies.
5. Separate room.
In his brain
Pie hath ftrange places cram’d with obfervation. Shakefp.
6. A feat; residence ; manfion.
The Romans fhall take away both our place and nation. Jo.
Saul let him up a place, and is gone down to Gilgal. 1 Sam.
7. Paflage in writing.
Hoiea faith of the Jews, they have reigned, but not by me ;
which place proveth, that there are governments which God
doth not avow. Bacon's Holy War.
I could not pafs by this place, without giving this fhort ex¬
plication. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
8. Ordinal relation.
What feripture doth plainly deliver, to that the firft place
both of credit and obedience is due. Hooker, b. v. f. 8.
Let the eve be fatisfied in the firft place, even againft all
other reafons, and let the compafs be rather in your eyes than
in your hands. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
We fhall extinguifh this melancholy thought, of our being
overlooked by our maker, if we confider, in the firft place,
that he is omniprelent; and, in the fecond, that he is omnifeient. Spectator, N° 565.
9. Exiftence; ftate of being; validity; ftate of adual opera¬
tion.
I know him a notorious liar ;
Think him a great way fool, folely a coward ;
Yet thefe fix’d evils fit io fit in him.
That they take place, when virtue’s fteely bones
Look bleak in the cold wind. Shakefp.
Thefe fair overtures, made by men well efteemed for ho¬
ned dealing, could take no place. Hayward.
They are defeats, not in the heart, but in the brain; for
they take ; lace in the ftouteft natures. Bacon.
With faults confefs’d commiifion’d her to go,
If pity yet had place, and reconcile her foe. Dryden.
Where arms take place, all other pleas are vain ;
Love taught me force, and force fhall love maintain.
Dryd. n.
To the joy of mankind, the unhappy omen took not
place. Dryden's Dedication to his Fables.
Somewhat may be invented, perhaps more excellent than
the firft defign ; though Virgil muft be ftill excepted, when
that perhaps takes not place. Dryden's Preface to Ovid.
Mixt government, partaking of the known forms received
in the fchools, is by no means of Gothick invention, but
hath place in nature and reafon. Swift.
It is ftupidly foolifh to venture our falvation upon an expe¬
riment, which we have all the reafon imaginable to think
God will not fufFer to take place. Atterbury's Sermons.
10. Rank; order of priority.
The heavens themfelves, the planets, and this center
Obferve degree, priority and place. Shakefp.
11. Precedence ; priority. This fenfe is commonly ufed in the
phrafe take place.
Do you think I’d walk in any plot.
Where Madam Sempronia fhould take place of me,
And Fulvia come i’ the rear. Benj. Johnjon's Catiline.
There would be left no meafuresof credible and incredible,
if doubtful propofitions K-ekeplace before felf-evident. Locke.
As a Britifh freeholder, I fhould not fcruple taking place
of a French marquis. Addifon's Freeholder.
12. Qrfice ; publick character or employment.
Do you your office, or give up yourplace.
And you fhall well be fpared. Shakefp.
If I’m traduc’d by tongues that neither know
My faculties nor perfon ;
’Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake
That virtue muft go through. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The horfemen came to Lodronius, as unto the moft valiant
captain, bcfeeching him, inftead of their treacherous gene¬
ral; to take upon him the place. Knolles s HJt. of toe Turks.
P L A
Is not the bifhop’s bill deny’d.
And we ftill threaten’d to be try’d ?
You fee the king embraces
Thofe counfels he approv’d before ;
Nor doth he promife, which is more.
That we fhall have their places. Denham.•
Penfions in private were the fenate’s aim ;
And patriots for a place abandon d fame. Garth<
Some magiifrates are contented, that their places fhould
adorn them ; and fome ftudy to adofn their places, and reflect
back the luftre they receive from thence. Atterbury.
13. Room ; way ; fpace. for appearing or ailing given by ceffion ;
not oppofition.
Avenge not yourfelves, but rather give place unto wrath.
Romans xii. 19.
He took a ftride, and to his fellows cry’d,
Give place, and mark the difference if you can,
Between a woman warrior and a man. Dryden.
Victorious York did firft, with fam’d fuccefs.
To his known valour, make the Dutch five place. Dryd.
The ruftick honours of the feythe and lhare,
Give place to lwords and plumes the pride of war. Dryd.
14. Ground ; room.
Ye feek to kill me, becaufe my word hath no place in
you. J»- viii. 37.
There is no place of doubting, but that it was the very
fame. Hammond's Fundamentals.
To Place, v. a. [placer, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To put in any place, rank or condition.
Place fuch over them to be rulers. Ex. xviii. 21.
He placed forces in all the fenced cities. 2 Chro. xvii. 2.
Thofe accufations had been more reafonable, if placed on
inferior perfons. Dryden's Aurengz.
2. To fix; to fettle ; to eftablifh.
God or nature has not any where placed any fuch jurifdiifion in the firft born. Locke.
3. To put out at intereft.
’Twas his care
To place on good fecurity his gold. Pope.
Pla'cer. n.f. [from place ] One that places.
Sovereign lord of creatures all,
Thou placer of plants, both humble and tall. Spenfcr.
PLACID, adj. [placidus, Latin.]
1. Gentle ; quiet; not turbulent.
It conduceth unto long life and to the more placid motion of
the fpirits, that men’s adtions be free. Baconi
2. Soft; kind; mild.
That placid alpedt and meek regard.
Rather than aggravate my evil ftate.
Would ftand between me and thy father’s ire. Miltori.
Pla'cidly. adv. [fromplacid.'] Mildly; gently.
If into a phial, filled with good fpirit of nitre, you caft a
piece of iron, the liquor, whofe parts moved uniformly and
placidly before, by altering its motion, it begins to penetrate
and fcatter abroad particles of the iron. Boyle.
The water eafily infinuates itfelf into, and placidly diftends
the tubes and veilels of vegetables. Woodward.
Pla cit. n.f. [placitum, Lat.] Decree; determination.
We fpend time in defence of their placits, which might
have been employed upon the univerfal author. Glanvill.
Placket, or plaquet. n.f. A petticoat.
You might have pinch’d a plaquet, it was fenfelefs. Shak.
The bone-ach is the curfe dependant on thofe that war for
a plaquet. Skakefp. Troilus and Crejfida.
Pla'giarism. n.f. [from plagiary.] Theft; literary adop¬
tion of the thoughts or works of another.
With great impropriety, as well as plagiarifm, they have
moft injurioufly been transferred into proverbial maxims. Sivi.
PLA'GIARY. n.f [fromplagium, Lat.]
1. A thief in literature ; one who fteals the thoughts or writings
of another.
The enfuing difeourfe, left I chance to be traduced for a
plagiary by him who has played the thief, was one o£ thofe
that, by a worthy hand, were ftolen from me. South.
Without invention, a painter is but a copier, and a poet
but a plagiary of others; both are allowed fometimes to copy
and tranflate. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
2. The crime of literary theft. Not ufed.
Plagiary had not its nativity with printing, but began when
the paucity of books fcarce wanted that invention. Brown.
PLAGUF. n.f. [plaghe, Dutch; plage, Teut. plaga, Latin;
7rAyyri.]
I. Peftilence ; a difeafe eminently contagious and deftrudtive.
Thou art a bile,
A plague-fore or imbols’d carbuncle
In my corrupted blood. Shakefp. King Lear.
The general opinion is, that years hot and moift are moft:
peftilent; yet many times there have been great plagues in
dry years. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Snakes, that ufe within thy houfe for ihade.
Securely lurk, and, like a plague, invade
Thy cattle with venom. “ May's Virnl's Georgicks.
19 T ' All
I
P L A
All thole plagues, which earth and air had brooded,
Firft on inferior creatures try’d their force,
And laft they feized on man. Lee and Dryden.
l.State of mifery.
I am fet in my plague, and my heavinefs is ever in my
fight. Pfalm xxxviii. 17.
3. Any thing troublefome or vexatious.
’Tis the time’splague, when madmen lead the blind. Sha.
I am not mad, too well I feel
The different plague of each calamity. S'hakefp.K. John.
Good or bad company is the greateft bleffing or greateft
plague of life. L'E/lrafige.
Sometimes my plague, fometimes my darling. Prior.
To Plague, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To infedf with peftilence.
2. To trouble ; to teaze; to vex ; to harrafs ; to torment; to
afflict; to diftrefs ; to torture; to embarrafs ; to excruciate;
to make uneafy ; to difturb.
If her nature be fo,
That {he will plague the man that loves her moft.
And take delight to encreafe a wretch’s woe,
- Then all her nature’s goodly gifts are loft. Spenfer.
Say my requeft’s unjuft,
And fpurn me back ; but if it be not fo,
Thou art not honeft, and the gods will plague thee. Shak.
Thus were they plagu'd
And worn with famine. Milton.
People are ftormed out of their reafon, plagued into a com¬
pliance, and forced to yield in their own defence. Collier.
When a Neapolitan cavalier has nothing elfe to do, he
gravely fhuts himfelf up in his clofet, and falls a tumbling
over his papers, to fee if he can ftart a law fuit, and plague
any of his neighbours. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Pla guily. adv. [from plaguy.] Vexatioufly ; horribly. A
low word.
This whifpering bodes me no good ; but he has me fo plaguily under the lafti, I dare not interrupt him. Dryden.
You look’d fcornful, and fnift at the dean;
But he durft not fo much as once open his lips.
And the doctor was plaguily down in the hips. Swift.
Pla'guy. adj. [from plague.] Vexatious; troublefome. A
low word.
Of heats,
Add one more to the plaguy bill. Dome.
What perils do environ
The man that meddles with cold iron.
What plaguy mifehiefs and mifhaps
Do dog him ftill with after-claps. Hudibras.
Plaice, n.f. [plate, Dutch.] A flatfifh.
Of flat fifti there are foies, flowkes, dabs and plaice. Carew.
Plaid, n.f. A ftriped or variegated cloth; an outer loofe
weed worn much by the highlanders in Scotland : there is a
particular kind worn too by the women; but both thefe
modes feem now nearly extirpated among them; the one by
add of parliament, and the other by adopting the Englifh
dreffes of the fex.
PLAIN, adj. [planus, Latin.]
1. Smooth; level; flat; free from protuberances or excrefcencies. In this fenfe, efpecially in philofophical writings,
it is frequently written plane : as, a plane fuperficies.
It was his policy to leave no hold behind him ; but to
make all plain and wafte. Spenfer.
The South and South-Eaft fides are rocky and mountainous,
but plain in the midft. Sandys's Journey.
Thy vineyard muft employ thy fturdy fteer
To turn the glebe ; befides thy daily pain
To break the clods, and make the furface plain. Dryden.
Hilly countries afford the moft entertaining profpedfs,
though a man would chufe to travel through aplain one. Add.
2. Void of ornament; Ample.
A crown of ruddy gold inclos’d her brow,
Plain without pomp, and rich without a {how. Dryden.
3. Artiefs ; not lubtle ; not fpecious; not learned ; Ample.
In choice of mftruments, it is better to chufe men of a
plainer fort, that are like to do that that is committed to them,
and to report faithfully the fuccefs, than thofe that are cun¬
ning to contrive fomewhat to grace themfelves, and will help
the matter in report. Bacon's EJfays.
Of many plain, yet pious chriftians, this cannot be af¬
firmed. Hammond's Fundamentals.
The experiments alledged with fo much confidence, and
told by an author that writ like a plain man, and one whofe
profeffion was to tell truth, helped me to refolve upon making
the trial. Temple.
My heart was made to fit and pair within,
Simple and plain, and fraught with artiefs tendernefs. Rowe.
Our troops beat an army in plain fight and open field. Felt.
Muft then at once, the character to fave,
T he plain rough hero turn a crafty knave ? Pope.
4. floneftly rough ; open ; fincere ; not foft in language.
Give me leave to bz plain with you, that yourfelf give no
juft caufe of ('caudal. Bacon,
PLA
5. Mere; bare.
He that beguil’d you in a plain accent, was a plain knave.
Which, for my part, I will not be. ShakeJ'p. King Lear.
Some have at firft for wits, then poets paft,
Turn’d criticks next, and prov’d plain fools at laft. Pope.
6. Evident; clear ; difcernible ; hot obfeure.
I hey wondered there ftiould appear any difficulty in any
expreifions, which to them feemed very clear and plain. Clar.
Exprefs thyfelf in plain, not doubtful words,
I hat ground for quarrels or difputes affords. Denham,
I can make the difference more plain, by giving you my
method of proceeding in my tranflations ; I confidered the
genius and diftinguifhing character of my author. Dryden.
’ Tis plain in the hiftory, that Efau was never fubjedt to
Jacob- . Locke.
That children have fuch a right, is plain from the laws of
God ; that men are convinced, that children have fuch a
right, is evident from the law of the land. Locke.
It is plain, that thefe difeourfes ate calculated for none, but
the fafhionable part of womankind. Addifon's Speftator.
To fpeak one thing mix’d dialects they join ;
Divide the fimple, and the plain define. Prior.
7. Not varied by much art.
A plaining fong plainTinging voice requires,
For warbling notes from inward cheering flow. Sidney.
Plain, adv.
1. Not obfeurely.
2. Diftindtly ; articulately.
The firing of his tongue was loofed, and he fpake plain.
. . Mar. vii. 35.
3. Simply ; with rough fincerity.
Goodman Fadt is allowed by every body to be a plainfpoken perfon, and a man of very few words ; tropes and
figures are his averfion. Addifon’s Count Tariff.
Plain, n.f. [plaine, Fr.] Level ground ; open; flat; often,
a field of battle.
In a plain in the land of Shinar they dwelt. Gen. xi. 2.
The Scots took the Englifh for foolifh birds fallen into
their net, forfook their hill, and marched into the plain diredlly towards them. Hayward.
They eredted their caftles and habitations in the plains and
open countries, where they found moft fruitful lands, and
turned the Irifti into the woods and mountains. Davies.
Pour forth Britannia’s legions on the plain. Arbuthnot.
While here the ocean gains.
In other parts it leaves wide fandy plains. Pope.
The impetuous courfer pants in ev’ry vein.
And pawing feems to beat the diftant plain. Pope.
To Plain, v. a. [from the noun.] To level; to make even.
Upon one wing, the artillery was drawn, every piece ha¬
ving his guard of pioners to plain the ways. Hayward.
To Plain, v. n. [plaindre, jeplains, Fr.] To lament; to
wail.
Long fince my voice is hoarfe, and throat is fore,
With cries to fkies, and curfes to the ground ;
But more I plain, I feel my woes the more. Sidney.
A plaining fong plain-finging voice requires
For warbling notes from inward cheering flow. Sidney.
The fox, that firft this caufe of grief did find,
’Gan firft thus plain his cafe with words unkind. Hubberd»
The inceffant weeping of my wife.
And piteous plainings of the pretty babes.
Forc’d me to feek delays. Shakefp.
He to himfelf thus plain'd. Milton.
Pl ainde a'ling. adj. [plain and deal.] Aifting without art.
Though I cannot be faid to be a flattering honeft man ; it
muft not be denied, but I am a plaindealing villain. Shakefp,
Bring a plaindealing innocence into a confiftency with neceffary prudence. L'Ejlrange.
Pla'indealing. n.f. Management void of art.
I am no politician; and was ever thought to have too little
wit, and too much plaindealing for a ftatefman. Denham.
It looks as fate with nature’s law may ftrive
To Ihew plaindealing once an age would thrive. Dryden.
Pla'inly. adv. [from plain.]
1. Levelly; flatly.
2. Not fubtilly; not fpecioufly.
3. Without ornament.
4. Without glofs; fincerely.
You write to me with the freedom of a friend, fetting
down your thoughts as they occur, and dealing plainly with
me in the matter. Pope.
5. Inearneft; fairly.
They charged the enemies horfe fo gallantly, that they
gave ground ; and at laft plainly run to a fafe place. Clarend.
6. Evidently ; clearly ; not obfeurely.
St. Auguftine acknowledgeth, that they are not only fet
down, but alfo plainly fet down in feripture ; fo that he which
heareth or readeth, may without difficulty underftand. Hooker.
Coriolanus neither cares whether they love or hate him ;
and out of his careleffnefs, let’# them plainly fee’t. Shakefp.
By
PL A
. . By that feed t
Is meant thy great deliverer, who (hall bruife
The ferpent’s head ; whereof to thee anon
Plainlier fhall be reveal’d. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xii.
We fee plainly that we have the means, and that nothing
. but the application of them is Wanting. Addijon,
Pla'inness. n.f [fromplain.]
1. Levelnefs; flatnefs.
2. Want of ornament; want of fhow. ,
If lome pride with want may be allowed.
We in our plainnejs may be juftly proud,
Whate’er he’s pleas’d to own, can need no {how. Dryden.
As fhades moft fweetly recommend the light.
So modeft plainnejs fets off fprightly wit. Pope.
3. Opennefs ; rough fincerity.
Well, faid Bafilius, I have not chofen Dametas for his
fighting nor for his difcourfing, but for his plainnejs and honefty, and therein I know he will not deceive me. Sidney.
Your plainnejs and your flhortnefs pleafe me well. ShakeJ'p.
Think ft thou, that duty {hall have dread to fpeak,
\V hen pow r to flatt’ry bows ; to plainnefs honour
Is bound, when majefty to folly falls. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
Plainnejs and freedom, an epiftolary ftile required. JVakc.
•4.. Artlefsnefs; fimplicity.
All laugh to find
Unthinking plainnefs fo o’erfpreads thy mind,
That thou could’ft ferioufly perfuade the crowd
To keep their oaths. Dryden's Juvenal.
Plaint, n.f. [plainte, French.]
1. Lamentation; complaint ; lament.
Then pour out plaint, and in one word fay this ;
Helplefs bits plaint, who fpoils himfelf of blifs. Sidney.
Bootlefs are plaints, and curelels are my wounds. Shak.
From inward grief
His burfting paffion into plaints thus pour’d. Milton.
2. Exprobration of injury.
There are three juft grounds of war with Spain; one of
plaint, two upon defence. Bacon.
3. Expreflion of forrow.
How many childrens plaints, and mother’s cries ! Daniel.
Where though I mourn my matchlefs lofs alone,
And none between my weaknefs judge and me ;
Yet even thefe gentle walls allow my moan,
Whofe doleful echoes to my plaints agree. TVotton.
Liftening where the haplefs pair
Sat in their fad difcourfe, and various plaint,
Thence gather’d his own doom. Milton's Par. Lojl.
For her relief,
' Vext with the long expreffions of my grief,
Receive thefe plaints. Waller.
Pla'intful. adj. [plaint and full.] Complaining ; audibly
forrowful.
To what a fea of miferies my plaintful tongue doth lead
me- v Sidney, b. ii.
Pla'intiff. n.f [plaintif. Ft.] He that commences a fuit in
law againft another ; oppofed to the defendant.
The plaintiff proved the debt by three pofitive witneffes,
and the defendant was caft in cofls and damages. L'Eflrange.
You and I {hall talk in cold friendfhip at a bar before a
judge, by way of plaintiff and defendant. Dryden.
In fuch a caule the plaintiff will be hifs’d,
My lord, the judges laugh, and you’re difmifs’d. Pope.
Plaintiff, adj. [plaintiff Fr.J Complaining. A word not
in ufe.
His younger fon on the polluted ground,
Firft fruit of death, lies plaintiff' of a wound
Giv’n by a brother’s hand. Prior.
Pla'intive. adj. [plaintif, Fr.J Complaining; lamenting;
exprelhve of forrow.
His careful mother heard the plaintive found,
EncompalVd with her fea-green lifters round. Dryden.
The goddefs heard,
Rofe like a morning mift, and thus begun
To footh the forrows of hex plaintive fon. Dryden.
Can nature’s voice
Plaintive be drown’d, orleffen’d in the noife.
Though Ihouts as thunder loud afflift the air. Prior.
Leviathans in plaintive thunders cry. Young.
Pla'inwokk. n.f [plain and work.] Needlework as diftinguifhed from embroider)’; the common praftice of fewing
or making linen garments.
She went to plainwork, and to purling brooks. Pope.
Plait, n.f. [corrupted from plight oxplygkt, from to ply or fold.]
' A fold ; a double.
Should the voice dire<ftly ftrike the brain.
It would aftonilh and confufe it much ;
Therefore thefe plaits and folds the found reftrain,
That it the organ may more gently touch. Davies.
Nor fhall thy lower garments artful plait,
From thy fair fide dependent to thy feet,
Arm their chafte beauties with a modeft pride,
And double ev’ry charm they feek to hide. Prior.
3
FLA
’Tis very difficult to trace out the figure of a veft through
all the plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addijon.
To Plait, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fold ; to double. . . ,
The bufy lylphs furround their darling care,
Some fold the fleeve, while others plait the gown ;
And Betty’s prais’d for labours not her own. Pope.
Will {lie on funday morn thy neckcloth plait. Gay.
2. To weave; to braid.
Let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair.
1 Peter iii. 3.
What {he demands, inceffant I’ll prepare ;
I’ll weave her garlands, and I’ll plait her hair;
My bufy diligence {hall deck her board, ,
For there at leaft I may approach my lord. Prior.
3* To intangle; to involve.
Time {hall unfold what plaited cunning hides.
Who covers faults at laft with ftiame derides. Shakcfpeare.
Plai'ter. n.f. [from plait.] He that plaits.
Plan. n.f [plan, French.]
1. A fcheme ; a form ; a model.
Remember, O my friends, the laws, the rights.
The generous plan of power delivered down
From age to age to your renown’d forefathers. Addif.
2. A plot of any building or ichnography; form of any thing
laid down on paper.
Artifts and plans reliev’d my folemn hours;
I founded palaces, and planted bow’rs. Prior.
To Plan. v. a. [from the noun.] To fcheme; to form in
defign.
Vouchfafe the means of vengeance to debate,
And plan with all thy arts the feene of fate. Pope.
Pla'nary. adj. Pertaining to a plane. , DiSf.
Pla nched. adj. [from planch.] Made of boards.
He hath a garden circummur’d with brick,
Whofe Weftern fide is with a vineyard backt.
And to that vineyard is a planched gate.
That makes his opening with this bigger key. Shakefp.
Plancher. n.f. [plancher, French.] Aboard; a plank.
Oak, cedar and chelnut are the beft builders ; fome are
beft for planchers, as deal; fome for tables, cupboards and
defks, as walnuts. Bacon's Nat. Hijlory.
Pla'nching. n. f. In carpentry, the laying the floors in a
building. Dia.
rLane. n.f. [planus, Latin. Plain is commonly ufed in popu¬
lar language, and plane in geometry.]
1. A level furface.
Comets, as often as they are vifible to us, move inplanes in*
dined to the plane of the ecliptick in all kinds of angles. Bent.
Projedils would ever move on in the fame right line, did
not the air, their own gravity, or the ruggednefiTof the plane,
on which they move, ftop their motion. Cheyne.
2. [Plane, Fr.J An inftrument by which the furface of boards
is fmoothed.
The iron is fet to make an angle of forty-five degrees with
the foie of the plane. Moxon’s Mechanical Exercifes.
To Plane, v. a. [planer, Fr. from the noun,]
1. To level; to fmooth from inequalities.
The foundation of the Roman caufeway was made of rough
ftone, joined with a moft firm cement; upon this was laid
another layer of fmall ftones and cement, to plane the inequa-.
lities of rough ftone, in which the ftones of the upper pave¬
ment were fixt. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. To fmooth with a plane.
Thefe hard woods are more properly feraped than planed.
Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
Plane-tree. n.f. [platanus, Lat. plane, platane, Fr. ]
The plane-tree hath an amentaceous flower, confifting of
feveral {lender ftamina, which are all colle&ed into fpherical
little balls and are barren ; but the embryos of the fruit
which are produced on feparate parts of the fame trees are
turgid, and afterwards become large fpherical balls, containing
many oblong feeds intermixed with down ; it is generally fuppofed, that the introduaion of this tree into England is
owing to the great lord chancellor Bacon. bMiller.
The beech, the fwimming alder and the plane. Dryd.
PLA NET. . n. Jl [planetay Lat. mrXocvccco ; pianette, Fr.J
Planets^ are the erratick or wandering liars, and which are not
like the fixt ones always in the lame pofition to one another ;
we n®w number the earth among the primary planets, becaufe
we know it moves round the fun, as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars
Venus and Mercury do, and that in a path or circle between
Mars and Venus: and the moon is accounted among the fecondary planets or fatellites of the primary, fince ihe move*
round the earth: all the planets have, befides their motion
round the fun, which makes their year, alfo a motion round
then own axes, wh.ch makes their day ; as the earth’s revoLmg fo makes our ay and night: it is more tnan probable,
we knnw1’ar\efnrS-°f 3 the ?l“nets are than their axes :
ST.nH pf f h rm T earth 5 and Flamfteed and Caftini
found to be fo in Jupiter: Sir Ifaac Newton afl’erts our
earth s equatonal diameter to exceed the other about thirtyfour
I PLA
IV.
Milton.
Granvill.
four miles •, and in^ed elfe the motion of the earth wou
make the lea rife fo high at the equator, as to drown all the
parts thereabouts. artrxs.
Barbarous villains ! hath this lovely face
Rul’d like a wana’rir.g planet over me,
And could it net inforce them to relent. m eJp>
And planets, planet-ftruck, real eclipfe
Then Offer'd. MlUm t Parade Lojl, b. X
There are fevenaWr or errant tors ... the lower orbs of
heaven Brown s Vulgar Errours, b.
Pla netary. adj. [planttaire, Fr. from plaiut.j
1. Pertaining to the planets.
Their planetary motions and afpects.
To marble and to brafs, fuch features give,
Defcribe the liars and planetary way,
And trace the footfteps of eternal day.
2. Under the denomination of any particular planet. ,
Darkling they mourn their fate, whom Circe s power.
That watch’d the moon and planetary hour.
With words and wicked herbs, from human kind
Had alter’d. ' . ,
I was born in the planetary hour of Saturn, and, I think,
I have a piece of that leaden planet in me ; I am no way
facetious. Addlfon 5 Spectator, 487.
3. Produced by the planets.
Here’s gold, go on ;
Be as a planetary plague, when Jove
Will o’er fome hi°;h-vic’d city hang his poifon
In the fick air. " Shakefp. Tirnon of Athens
We make guilty of our difafters the lun, the moon and
ftars, as if we were villains by an enforced obedience of pla¬
netary influence. Shakejpeare s King Lear.
j Having the nature of a planet; eriatick.
We behold bright planetary Jove, _
Sublime in air through his wide province move ;
Four fecond planets his dominion own,
And round him turn, as round the earth the moort. Blackm.
Plane'tical. adj. [from planet.] Pertaining to planets.
Add the two Egyptian days in every month, the interlunary
and plenilunary exemptions, the eclypfes of fun and moon,
conjun&ions and oppofitions planetical. Brown.
Plane'tstRuck. adj. [planet and Jinked] B1 ailed; fidere
afflatus.
Wonder not much if thus amaz d i look,
Since I faw you, I have been planetjlruck ;
A beauty, and fo rare, I did defery.
Planifo'lious. adj. [planus andfolium, Lat.]
fo called, when made up of plain leaves, fet together in cir-
• cular rows round the center, whofe face is ufually uneven,
xough and jagged. . . z ’
Planime trical. adj. [from planimetry.] Pertaining to the
menfuration of plane furfaces. , .
PLANIM'ETRY. n.f [planus, Lat. and ; plammetrie,
Fr.] The menfuration of plane (urfaces. ^
Planipe'talous. adj. [planus, Lat. and mrxXov.] flatleaved, as when the fmall flowers are hollow only at the bot¬
tom, but flat upwards, as in dandelion and fuccory. Diii.
To Planish, v. a. [from plane.] 1 o polifh ; to imooth. A
word uled by manufacturers.
Planisphere, n.f. [planus, Lat. andfpnere.] A fphere pro¬
jected on a plane ; a map of one or both hemiipheres.
Plank, n. f. [planche, Fr.] A thick feong board.
They gazed on their fhips, feeing them fo great, andconfifting of divers planks. Abbot s Defcnpt. of the World.
The doors of plank were ; their clofe exquilite.
Kept with a double key. Chapman s Odyjfey.
The fmoothed plank new rub’d with balm. Milton.
Some Turkifti bows are of that ftrength, as to piercea
Suckling.
Flowers are
Wilkins.
Dryden.
plank of fix inches.
Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light.
And through the yielding planks a paflagefind.
Be warn’d to fhun the watry way,
For late I faw adrift disjointed planks.
And empty tombs erefted on the banks. rye en.
To- Plank, v. a. [from the noun.] To cover or lay wit 1
1 If you do but plank the ground over, it will breed falt-
, ! r Bacon's Natural Htjlory.
petre. . , ,,
A fteed of monftrous height appear d ;
The Tides were plank'd with pine. Dryden.
PlanoCo'nical. adj. [planus and conus.] Level on one fide
and conical on others. ... , ,
Some few are planoconical, whofe fuperficies is in partlevel
between both ends. , G' s M±um'
Pla'noconvf.x. n.f. [planus and convexus.] Hat on the one
fide and convex on the other.
It took two objeCl-glaffes, the one a planoconvex for a four¬
teen feet telefcope, and the other a large double convex for
one of about fifty feet. Newton s Opticks,
Plant, n.f. [plant, Fr. planta, Latin.]
1, Any thing produced from feed ; any vegetable production.
PLA
What comes under this denomination, Ray has diftributed
under twenty-leven genders of kinds : I. 1 he imperfect plants,
which do either totally want both flower and feed, or elfe
feemtodofo. 2. Plants producing either no flower at all,
or an imperfect one, whofe feed is fo fmall as not to be di(-
cernible by the naked eye. 3. T hofe whofe feeu.-, are not fo
fmall, as fingly to be invifible, but yet have an impel ec or
ftaminous flower; i. e. fuch a one, as is without the petala,
having only the ftamina and the perianthium. 4- yu. as
have a compound flower, and emit a kind of white juice or
milk when their ftalks are cut off or their branches broken
off. 5. Such as have a compound flower of a difeous figure,
the feed pappous, or winged with downe, but emit no milk.
6. The herbae capitatae, or fuch whofe'fiower is compofed o»
many fmall, long, fiftulous or hollow flowers gathered round
together in a round button or head, which is ufually covered
with a fquamous or fcaly coat. 7. Such as have their leaves
entire and undivided into jags. 8. The corymbiferous plants,
which have a compound difeous flower, but the feeds have no
downe adhering to them. 9. Plants with a perfetf flower,
and having only one Angle feed belonging to each Angle
flower. 10. Such as have rough, hairy or briffly feeds. 11.
The umbelliferous plants, which have a pentapetalous
flower, and belonging to each Angle flower are two feeds,
lying naked and joining together ; they are called umbellife¬
rous, becaufe the plant, with its branches and flowers, hath
an head like a lady’s umbrella : [1.] Such as have a broad flat
feed almoft of the figure of a leaf, which are encompafled
round about with fomething like leaves. [2.] Such as have
a longifh feed, fwelling out in the middle, and larger than
the former. [3.] Such as have a fhorter feed. [4.] Such as
have a tuberofe root. [5.] Such as have a wrinkled, channelated or flriated feed. 12. The ftellate plants, which are fo
called, becaufe their leaves grow on their ftalks at certain in¬
tervals or diftances in the form of a radiant ftar ; their flowers
are really monopetalous, divided into four fegments, which
look like fo many petala ; and each flower is fucceeded by
two feeds at the bottom of it. 13. The afperifolia, or rough
leaved plants: they have their leaves placed alternately, or
in no certain order on their ftalks ; they have a monopetalous
flower cut or divided into five partitions, and after every
flower there fucceed ufually four feeds. 14. The fuftrutices,
or verticilate plants : their leaves grow by pairs on their ftalks,
one leaf right againft another; their leaf is monopetalous,
and ufually in form of an helmet. 15. Such as have naked
feeds, more than four, fucceeding their flowers, which there¬
fore they call polyfpermae plantse femine nudo; by naked
feeds, they mean fuch as are not included in any feed pod.
16. Bacciferous plants, or fuch as bear berries. 17. Multifiliquous, or corniculate plants, or fuch as have, after each
flower, many diftinft, long, flender, and many times crooked
cafes or filiqute, in which their feed is contained, and which,
when they are ripe, open themfelves and let the feeds drop
out. 18. Such as have a monopetalous flower, either uni¬
form or difform, and after each flower a peculiar feed-cafe
containing the feed, and this often divided into many diftindl cells. 19. Such as have an uniform tetrapetalous
flower, but bear thefe feeds in oblong Aliquous cafes. 20.
Vafculiferous plants, with a tetrapetalous flower, but often
anomalous. 21. Leguminous plants, or fuch as bear pulfe,
with a papilionaceous flower. 22. Vafculiferous plants, with
a pentapetalous flower ; thefe have, beAdes the common calix, a peculiar cafe containing their feed, and their flower
conflfting of five leaves. 23. Plants with a true bulbous
root, which confifts but of one round ball or head, out of
whofe lower part go many fibres to keep it firm in the earth :
the plants of this kind come up but with one leaf; they have
no foot ftalk, and are long and flender : the feed veflels are
divided into three partitions : their flower is fexapetalous.
24. Such as have their fruits approaching to a bulbous form :
thefe emit, at firft coming up, but one leaf, and in leaves,
flowers and roots refemble the true bulbous plant. 25. Culmiferous plants, with a grafly leaf, are fuch as have a fmooth
hollow-jointed ftalk, with one ftiarp-pointed leaf at each joint,
encompafling the ftalk, and fet out without any foot ftalk: their
feed is contained within a chaffy hulk. 26. Plants with a
grafly leaf, but not culmiferous, with an imperfect or ftami¬
nous flower. 27. Plants whofe place of growth is uncertain
and various, chiefly water plants.
Butchers and villains,
How fweet a plant have you untimely cropt. Shakefp.
Between the vegetable and fenfitive province there areplantanimals and fome kind of infers arifing from vegetables, that
leem to participate of both. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
The next fpecies of life above the vegetable, is that of
fenfe; wherewith fome of thofe produaions, which we call
plant-animals, are endowed. Grew s Cojmol.^
It continues to be the fame plant, as long as it partakes of
the fame life, though that life be communicated to new par¬
ticles of matter, vitally united to the living^;/, in a like
continued organizatioiijConformable to thatlort 0fplants.Locke.
' Once
7
PL A
Once I was (kill’d in ev’ry Herb that grew.
And ev’ry plant that drinks tHe nibrning dew. Pope.
2. A fapling. ,k .
A man haunts the foreft, that abufes our young plants with
carving Rofalind on their barks. Shake/p. As You like it.
Take a plant of ftubborn oak.
And labour him with many a flubborn ftroke. Dryden.
3. [ Planta, Lat.] The foie ot the foot. Ainjworth.
To Plant, v. a. [planto, Lat. planter, Fr.]
1. To put into the ground in order to grow; to fet; to cultivate.
Plant not thee a grove ot any trees near unto the altar of
the Lord. Deutr. xvi. 21.
2. To procreate ; to generate.
The honour’d gods the chairs of juftice
Supply with worthy men, plant love amongftyou. Shak.
It engenders choler, planteth anger ;
And better ’tvvere, that both of us did faft,
Than feed it with luch overroafted flelh. Shakefp.
3. To place ; to fix.
I he tool hath planted iii his memory
An army ot good words. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
In this hour,
I will adyife you where to plant yourfelves. Shakefp.
The mind through all her powers
Irradiate, there plant eyes. Milton.
When Turnus had aflembled all his pow’rs.
His ftandard planted on Laurentum’s tow’fs;
Trembling with rage, the Latian youth prepare
To join th’allies. Dryden's Mneis.
4. To fettle 5 to efiabliflr: as, tb plant a colony.
If you pla)it where lavages are, do not only entertain them
with trifles and jingles, but ufe them juftly. Bacon.
Create, and therein plant a generation. Milton.
To the planting of it ih a nation, the foil may be mellowed
with the blood of the inhabitants ; nay, the old extirpated,
and the new coloniesplanted. Decay of Piety.
5. To fill or adorn with fomethirig planted: as, he planted the
garden or the country.
To build, to plant, whatever you intend.
In all let nature never be forgot. Pope.
6. To direcSt properly : as, to plant a cannon.
Pla'ntage. n.f. [plantago, Lat.] An herb.
Truth, tir’d with iteration,
As true as fteel, as plantdge to the moon. Shakefp.
Pla'ntain. n.f. [plantain. Fir. plantago, Lat.]
1. An herb.
The toad, being overcharged with the poifon of the fpider,
as is ordinarily believ’d, has recourfe to the plantain leaf.
More's Antidote again]} Atbeifm.
The moft common fimples are mugwort, plantain and
horfetail. Wifeman's Surgery.
2. A tree in the Weft Indies, which bears an ciculent fruit.
I long my carelefs limbs to lay
Under the plantain's fhade. TVallcr.
Pla'ntaLv adj. [from plant.'] Pertaining to plants.
There’s but little fimilitude betwixt a terreous humidity and
plantal germinations. Glanvill’s Scepf.
Plantation, n.f. [plahtatio, from planto, Latin.]
1. The a£t or practice of planting.
2. The place planted.
As fwine are to gardens and orderly plantations, fo are tu¬
mults to parliaments. King Charles.
Some peafatits
Of the fame foil their nurfery prepare.
With that of their plantation ; left the tree
Tranflated fhould net with the foil agree. Dryden.
Whofe rifing forefts, not for pride or fhow,
But future buildings, future navies grow :
Let his plantations ftretch from down to down,
Firft fhade a country, and then raife a town. Pope.
Virgil, with great modefty in his looks, was feated by
Calliope in the midft of aplantation of laurel. Addifon.
3. A colony.
Planting of countries is like planting of woods ; the prin¬
cipal thing, that hath been the deftruiiion of moft plantations,
hath been the bafe and hafty drawing of profit in the firft
years ; fpeedy profit is not to be negledted, as far as may ftand
with the good of the plantation. “ Bacon's EJfays.
4. Introdudfion; eftablifhment.
Epifcopacy muft be caft out of this church, after poffeffion here, from the firft plantation of chriftianity in this
ifland. King Charles.
Pla'nted. adj. [from plant.] This word feems in Sbakefpeare
to fignify, fettled ; well grounded.
Our court is haunted
With a refined traveller of Spain ;
A man in all the world’s new fafhion planted,
That hath a mint of phrales in his brain. Shakefp.
Pl a'nter. n.f. [planteur, Fr. fromplant.]
1. One who fows, fets or cultivates; cultivator.
There flood Sabinus, planter of the vines.
And ftudioufly furveys his gen’rous wines. Dryden.
P L A
What do thy vines avail.
Or olives, when the cruel battle mows r.
The planters, with their harveft immature ? Philipp
That produdt only which our paflions bear,
Eludes the planter's miferable care. Prior:
2. One who cultivates ground in the Weft Indian colonies.
A planter In the Weft Indies might hiufter up, and lead
all his family out againft the Indians, without the ablolute
dominion of a monarch, defceniiingto him from Adam. Locke.
He to Jamaica feems tranfported,
Alone, and by no planter courted. Swift's Mifccllanies.
3. One who difleminates or introduces.
Plad thefe writings differed from the fermons of the firft
planters of chriftianity in hiftory or dodtrine, they would have
been reje&ed by thole churches which they had formed. Add.
PLASH, n.f. [plafcbe, Dutch ; platz± Danifh.]
1. A fmall lake of water or puddle.
He leaves
A fhallow plajb to plunge him in the deep,
And with latiety feeks to quench his thirft. Shakefp,
I wo frogs consulted, in the time of drought, when maoy
plaftes, that they had repaired tOj were dry, what was to be
done. Bacon.
I underhand the aquatile or water frog, whereof in ditches
and Handing plaftes we behold millions. Brown,
With filth the mifereant lies bewray’d,
Fall’n in the plajh his wickednefs had laid. Pope.
2. [From the verb to plajb.] Branch partly cut off and bound
to other branches.
In the plafhing your quick, avoid laying of it too low and
too thick, which makes the lap run all into the fhoots, and
leaves the plajbes without nourilhment. Mortimer.
To Plash, v. a. [ple]fer,Yr.] To interweave branches.
Plant and plajh quickfets. Evelyn.
Pla'shy. adj. [from plajh.] Watry ; filled with puddles.
Near flood a mill in low and plajhy ground. Betterton.
Plasm.n.f. [7rXu<rjo.u.] A mould j a matrix in which any
thing is caft or formed.
The fhells lerved as plafns or moulds to this fand, which,
when confolidated, and afterwards freed from its inveftient
Ihell, is of the fame fhape with the cavity of the fhell.
v. Woodward's Natural Hiftory.
PLA'STER. n. f. [p’afre. Fr. from 7rAa£a.]
j. Subflance made ot water and Ibme abiorbent matter, fuch
as chalk or lime well pulverifed, with which walls are over¬
laid or figures caft.
In the lame hour came forth fingers of a man’s hand, and
wrote upon theplafter of the wall. Dah. v. 5.
^ In the Worfl inn’s worft room, with mat half-hung,
The floors of plajler, and the walls of dung. * Pope:
Maps are hung up fo high, to cover the naked plajler or
wainfeot. Watts's Improvement of the Alind.
2. [Emplaftrum, Lat. in Englilh, formerly emplrjler.] A glu¬
tinous or adheftve i’alve.
Seeing the fore is whole, why retain we the plajler ? Hook.
You rub the lore,
When you Ihould bring the plajler: Sbakefpeare.
It not only moves the needle in powder, but likewife, if
incorporated with plafters, as we have made trial. Brown.
Plajlers, that had any effect, muft be by difperfing or re¬
pelling the humours. Temple's Mifccllanies.
To Pla'ster. v. a. [plaftrer, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To overlay as with plafter.
Boils and plagues
Plajler you o’er, that one inled another
Againft the wind a mile. . Shakefp. Coriolanus.
The harlot’s cheek beautied with plajl'ring art. Shakfjp.
A heart fettled upon a thought of underftandin^, is as a
fair plajlering on the wall. Eccluf xxii. 17.
With a cement of flour, whites of eggs and ftone pow¬
dered, pifeina mirabilis is laid to have the walls plaftered.
Bacon.
Plajler the chinky hives with clay. Dryden.
The brain is grown more dry in its confiftence, and receives
not much more impreflion, than if you wrote with your
finger on a plafter d wall. Watts's Improvement of the Alind.
2. T o cover with a medicated plafter.
Pla'sterer. n.f. [plajirier, Fr. from plafterJ]
1. One whofe trade is to overlay walls with plafter.
Thy father was a plafterer,
And thou thyfelf a Ihearman. Sbakefpeare's Henry VI.
2. One who forms figures in plafter.
The plajlercr makes his figures by addition, and the carver
by fubtraaion. WW
Fla stick, adj. [v\arnco?.] Having the power to give form.
Benign creator I let thy plajiick hand
Difpofe its own effedf. Prior
There is not any thing ftrange in the production of the laid
orme nteta nor other pltijtick virtue concerned in draping
cm into t ole figures, than merely the configuration of the
pumc es. Woodward's Natural Hiftory,
iq U PLASTRON.
P L A
PLASTRON, n.f. [French.] A piece of leather fluffed,
which fencers ule, when they teach then' fcholars, in order
to receive the pufhes made at them. Trevoux.
Againft: the port their wicker Shields they crufh,
Flouriih the fword, and at the plajlron pufh. Dryden.
I o Plat. v. a. [from plait.] To weave; to make by tex¬
ture.
I have feen nefts of an Indian bird curioufly interwoven and
platted together. Ray on the Creation.
I never found fo much benefit from any expedient, as from
a ring, in which my millrefs’s hair is platted in a kind of true
lovers knot. Addfon's Spectator, N° 245.
Plat, n.f [more properly; ploz, Sax.] A fmall piece
P L A
of ground.
Such pleafure took the ferpent to behold
This flow’ry plat, the lweet recefs of Eve. Milton.
On a plat of riling ground,
I hear the far-off curfeu found.
Over fome wide-water’d fhore.
Swinging flow with fallen roar. Milton
It paffes through banks' of violets and plats of willow of its
own producing. Spectator.
l*LA rANE. ti,J, ^pldtGtip^ Fr. platanus^ Lat.J The plane tree.
The platane round,
The carver holm, the mapple feldom inward found. Spenf.
I efpy’d thee, fair and tall, ' J
Under a platane. Milton.
Plate, n.f [plate, Dutch ; plaque, Fr.]
1. A piece of metal beat out into breadth.
In his livery
Walk d crowns and coronets, realms and iflands were
As plates dropt from his pocket. Shakefp.
Make a plate, and burnifh it as they do iron. Bacon.
A leaden bullet-fhot from one of thele guns, the fpace of
twenty paces, will be beaten into a thin plate. Wilkins.
T he centers of thefe wretches, who could derive no fanc*-
tity to them ; yet in that they had been confecrated by the
offering incenle, were appointed to be beaten into^ broad
plates, and fallened upon the altar. South's Sermons.
Eternal deities !
Who rule the world with abfolute decrees,
And write whatever time fhall bring to pafs
With pens of adamant on plates of bral's. Drvden
2. Armour of plates. ; '
With their force they pierc’d both plate and mail.
And made wide furrows in their flefhes frail. Fa. Queen.
-3. [Plata, Spanifh.] Wrought fiver.
They eat on beds of lilk and gold.
And leaving plate,
Do drink in flone of higher rate. Ben/. John/on's Cataline.
The l urks entered into the trenches fo far, that they car¬
ried away the plate. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
They that but now for honour and for plate
Made the lea blufh with blood, refign their hate. Waller.
At your defert bright pewter comes too late,
When your firft courfe was all ferv’d up in plate. Kin*.
4. [Plat, Fr. piatta, Italian.] A fmall fliallow veffel of metal
on which meat is eaten.
Afcanius this obferv’d, and, finding, faid.
See, we devour the plates on which we fed. Dryden.
To Plate, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover with plates.
The doors are curioufly cut through and plated. Sandys.
M. Lepidus’s houfe had a marble door-cafe; afterwards
they had gilded ones, or rather plated with gold. Arbuthnot.
2. To arm with plates.
Plate fin with gold.
And the ftrong lance of juftice hurtlefs breaks. Shakcfp.
Marfhal, afk yonder knight in arms,
Why plated in habiliments of war ? Shakefp.
His goodly eyes,
That o’er the files and muflers of the war,
Have glow’d Pike plated Mars. Shakefp.
The bold Afcalonite
Fled from his lion ramp, old warriours turn’d
Theirplated backs under his heel. Milton.
3. To beat into laminae or plates.
If to fame alone thou doff pretend,
The mifer will his empty palace lend,
Set wide his doors, adorn’d with plated brafs. Dryden.
If a thinned or plated body, of an uneven thicknefs, which
appears all over of one uniform colour, fhould be flit into
threads of the fame thicknefs with the plate ; I fee no reafon
why every thread fhould not keep its colour. Neivton.
1 LA ten. 7i. J. Among printers, the flat part of the prefs
whereby the unpreHion is made.
[plat, Aat, Fr. and form.]
I. The ketch of any thing horizontally delineated; the ichnography. J
When the workmen began to lay the platform at Chalcedon, eagles conveyed their lines to the other fide of the
. flre,Sht* Sandyfs Journey.
2. A place laid out after any model.
No artful wildnefs to perplex the feene ;
Grove nods at grove, each alley has a brother.
And half theplatform juft reflects the other. Pope,
3. A level place before a fortification.
Where was this ?
—Upon the platform where we watch. Shakefp.
4. A fcheme ; a plan.
I heir minds and affeftions were univerfally bent even
againft all the orders and laws wherein this church is founded,
conformable to the platform of Geneva. Hooker.
I have made a platform of a princely garden by precept,
partly by drawing not a model, but fome general lines
°f it* _ Bacon's Effays.
T. hey who take in the entire platform, and fee the chain,
which runs through the whole, and can bear in mind the obfervations and proofs, will difeern how thefe propofitions
flow from them. Woodward.
Pla'tick afpefi. In aftrology, is a ray caff from one planet
to another, not exactly, but within the orbit of its own
light. Bailey.
Plato'on. n.f. [a corruption of peloton, Fr.] A fmall fquare
body of mufketeers, drawn out of a batalhon of foot, when
they form the hollow fquare, to ftrengthen the angles: the
grenadiers are generally thus polled; yet a party from any
other divifion is called a platoon, when intending to far from
the main body. Military Diet.
In comely wounds lhall bleeding worthies Hand,
Webb’s firm platoon, and Lumly’s faithful band. Tickell.
Platter, n.f. [fromplate.] A large dilh, generally of
earth.
The fervants walh thcplatter, fcour the plat£,
Then blow the fire. Dryden's Juvenal.
Satira is an adjective, to which lanx, a charger, or laroe
platter is underftood. Dryden.
Plau'dit. \n.f. [A word derived from the Latin, plaudite,
Plau'dite. J the demand of applaufe made by the player,
when he left the ftage.J Applaufe.
Truewifdom muff our a<ftions fo dire<ft.
Not only the laftplaudit to expedl. Denham.
She would fo lhamefully fail in the laft a&, that inftead of
a plaudite, fhe would deferve to be hilled off the ftage. More.
Some men find more melody in difeord than in the angelick quires; yet even thefe can difeern mufick in a confort of
plaudites, eulogies given thcmfelves. Decay of Piety.
Plausibility. n.J. [plaufbilite, Fr. from plaufible.] Specioufnefs; luperficial appearance of right.
Two pamphlets, called the management of fhe war, are
written with fome plaufibility, much artifice and direct falfeh°°ds. Swift
The laft excufe for the flow Heps made in difarmino- the
adverfaries of the crown, was allowed indeed to have more
plaufibility, but lefs truth, than any of the former. Swift.
SIBLE- a^J' [pl^ble, Fr. plaufibilis, fromplaudo, Lat.I
Such as gains approbation ; fuperficully pleafing or taking ;
Ipecious ; popular ; right in appearance.
Go you to Angelo, anfwer his requiring with a plaufible
obedience, agree with his demands to the point. Shakefp.
Judges ought to be more reverend than plaufible, and more
advifed than confident. Bacon
They found out that plaufible and popular pretext of railing
an army to fetch in delinquents. King Charles.
Thefe were all plaufible and popular arguments, in which’
they, who moll deiired peace, would infiit upon manv condefeenfions. Clarendon.
No treachery fo plaufible, as that which is covered with the
robe of a guide. L'Ejlranre
I he cale is doubtful, and may be difputed with blauhhle
arguments on either fide. * South
Pla u sibleness. n.J. [from plaufible.] Specioufiiefs • Ihow
of right. *
The plaufblencfs of arminianifm, and the conmuity it hath
with the principles of corrupt nature. * Sanderjon.
I he notion of man s free will, and the nature of fin bears
along with it a commendable plainnefs and plaufiblenefs.
Pl Au'sibly. adv. [from plaufible.]
1. With fair fhow ; fpecioufly.
I hey could talk plaufibly about that they did not under¬
hand, but their learning lay chieflv in flouriih. Collier.
T hou can’ll plaufibly difpute,
Supiemeof feers, of angel, man and brute. Prior.
2. v\ ith applaufe. Not in ule.
I hope they will plaufibly receive our attempts, or candidly
corrcdl our milconjeclures. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Plau'sive. adj. [from plaudo, Lat.J
1. Applauding.
2. Plaufible. A word not in ule.
His plaufvc words
He fcatter’d not in cars; but grafted them
'Fo grow there and to bear. Shakejp.
To PLAY.
P L A
To PLAY. v. n. [pieman, Saxon.J
1. To (port ; to fruJick ; to do fomething not as a talk, but for
a pkafure.
On imooth the feal and bended dolphins play. Milton.
2. To toy ; to act with levity.
Thou with eternal wifdom did’ft converfe
Wifdoni thy filter and with her didft play. ’ Milton.
j. To be difmifled from work.
I’ll bring my young man to fchool; look where his matter
comes ; ’tis a playing day I lee. Sbakefp. Mcr. IV. ofJVuuif.
P L A
To trifle; to a& wantonly and thoughtlefly.
Men are apt to play with their healths and their lives as
they do with their cloaths. Temble
5. To do fomething fanciful.
, „ H°w every fool can upon the word! Sbakefp.
6. I o practile larcaltick merriment.
I would make ufe of it rather to play upon thofe I defpifed,
than to trifle with thofe I loved. p0j)e
7. To mock ; to pracStife illufion. J' '
I faw him dead ; art thou alive.
Or is it fancy plays upon our eye-fight. Shakcfpeare.
o. 1 o game ; to contend at fome game.
Charles, I will play no more to-night;
My mind s not on t, you are too hard for me.
— Sir, I did never win of you before. Shakefp.
When lenity and cruelty play for kingdoms.
The gentler gamcller is the foonelt winner. Skakefp.
O perdurable fhame !
Are thefe the wretches that we play’d at dice for. Shakeft
The low rated Englifh play at dice. Sbakefp.
1 he clergyman played at whift and fwobbers. Swift.
9. i o do any thing trickifh or deceitful.
Hismother played falie with a fmith. Shakcfpeare.
Cawdor, Glamis, all
The wizzard women promis’d ; and, I fear.
Thou play'dfjl molt foully for’t. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Life is not long enough for a coquette to play all her
tricks in. Addifon's Spectatory N° 8q.
10, 1 o touch a mufical inflrument.
Ev’ry thing that heard him playy
Ev’n the billows of the fea
Hung their heads, and then lay by.
In fweet mulick is fuch art.
Killing care, and grief of heart,
f* all afleep, or hearing die. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
Thou art as a very lovely fong of one that hath a pleafant voice, and can play well on an inflrument. Ezekiel.
t Tully fays, there confifteth in the pradlice of fino-ino- and
p aying on inftruments great knowledge, and the moll7 ex¬
cellent inftrudtion, which re£tifies and orders our manners
and allays the heat of anger. Penchant of Mufick.
herein doth our practice of finging and playing with inftrun er.its in our cathedral churches differ from the practice
ot D“v.id; PtaAam Of Mufck.
LJad like a country fwain, he pip’d, he fung.
And playing drove his jolly troop along. ° Dryden.
.s' f ake thy harp and melt thy maid ;
Play, my friend ! and charm the charmer. Glanvill.
He applied the pipe to his lips, and began to play upon it:
the found of it was exceeding fweet. Addijon's Spectator.
tl‘ To operate ; to ail. Ufed of any thing in motion.
John hath fei.z’d Arthur, and it cannot be.
That whilft warm life plays in that infant’s veins,
The milplac’d John fhould entertain
One quiet breath of reft. Sbakefp. King John.
My wife cried out fire, and you brought out your buckets
and called for engines to play againft it. Dryden.
By conftant laws, the food is concodled, the heart beats,
the blood circulates, the lungs play. Cheyne.
12.To wanton ; to move irregularly.
Citherea all in fedges hid.
Which feem to move and wanton with her breath,
Ev n as the waving fedges play with wind. Sbakefp.
This with exhilarating vapour bland
About their fpirits play dy and inmoft powers
Made err. Milton
In the ftreams that from the fountain play.
She wafli’d her face. * n ,
The fetting fun Dryim’
Plays on their fhining arms and burnifh’d helmets
And covers all the field with gleams of fire. Addlf
13. To perfonate a drama.
A lord will hear you play to-night;
But I am doubtful of your modefties,
Left, over-eying of his odd behaviour,
Fot yet his honour never heard a play,
You break into fome merry paflion. Shakcfpeare;
Ev’n kings but play; and when their part is done,
Some other, worfe or better, mount the throne. Dryden.
14. To reprelent a character.
Courts are theatres, where fome men play ;
Princes, fome Haves, and all end in one day. Donne.
6
15. To acl in any certain character.
ThuS we play the fool with the time, and the ipirits of the
wife fit in the clouds and mock us. Sbakefp.
I did not think to fhed a tear
In all my miferies ; but thou haft forc’d me.
Out of thy honeft truth to play the woman. Sbakefp.
She hath wrought folly toplay the whore. Dent. xxii. 21.
Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our
people. 2 Samuelx. 12.
Alphonfe, duke of Ferrara, delighted himlelf only in
turning and playing the ioiner. Peacham of Mufick.
I is poflible thefe Turks may play the villains. Denham.
A man has no pleafure in proving that he has played the
Collier of Friendjhip.
I o Play, v. a.
1. To put in adlion or motion : as, h.c played \\[s cannon.
2. I o ufe an inflrument of mufick.
He plays a tickling ftraw within his nofe. Gay.
3* To a<5t a mirthful character.
Nature here
Wanton’d as in her prime, and play'd at will
Her virgin fancies. Milton.
4. I o exhibit dramatically.
Your honour’s players hearing your amendment,
Are come toplays, pleafant comedy. Sbakefp.
5. 1 o act ; to perform. -
Doubt would fain have played his part in her mind, and
called m queft.on, how Ihe ihould be affined that Zeltnane
Play. h.f. Sidney, Ln.
1. Aftion not impofed ; not work ; difmiffion from work
2. Amulement; fport*
My dearling and my joy;
t or love of me leave off this dreadful play. Fa, Dueen.
Two gentle fawns at play. fa
3‘m’ a CTedy,T tragedy, or any thing in which cha¬
racters are reprefented by dialogue and adlion.
Only they.
That come to hear a merry play.
Will be deceiv’d. fhnirfo H. trTTt
A play ought to be a juft image of human nature7repre-
& f hu,mo.u r lnd th,e changes of fortune to which it is
fubjedl for the delight and mftru&ion of mankind. Dryden.
V hits, plays and powder’d beaux. Swift
4. Game; pra&ice of gaming; conteft at a game. J *
I will play no more, my mind’s not on’t;
I did never win of you.
Nor fliall not when my fancy’s on myplay. Sbakefp
5. Practice in any conteft. * oaanejp.
When they can make nothing elfe on’t, they find it the
bell of their play to put it off with a jeft. L’Ejlrange.
He was refolved not to fpeak diftinftly, knowing his bfft
£of dark> and that a11 his May *»•
in arguing the opponent ufes comprehenfive and equivocal
terms, to involve his adverfary in the doubtfulnefs of his expreffion, and therefore the anfwer on his fide makes it his play
to diftmguim as much as he can. Loeki.
Bull s friends advifed to gentler methods with the youncr
lord;5 but John naturally lov’d rough play. Arluthml
o. Action; employment ; office.
The fenfelefs plea of right by providence
Can laft no longer than the prefent fway ;
But juftifies the next who comes in play. Drvden
7. Practice ; adlion; manner of a£ling. ^
Determinining as after I knew, in fecret manner, not to
be fai fiom the place where we appointed to meet, to prevent
any foul play that might be offered unto me. Sidney, b. ii
0. Act of touching an inflrument.
9. Irregular and wanton motion.
10; A Hate of agitation or ventilation.
Many have been fav’d, and many may,
Who never heard this queftion brought in play. Dryden
ir. Room for motion. 0 *y vtyaen.
The joints are let exaflly into one another, that they have
no p ay between them, left they fhake upwards or down-
" f'k’ c a- Moxon's Alechanieal Exereifes. 12. Liberty of admg ; fwing. J
Should a writer give the full play to his mirth, without re¬
gard to decency, he might pleafe readers ; but muft be a verv
illman, if he could pleafe himfelf. Addifon's FreeholdJ
Lp()fition°s?‘ 7U ' ^and b0°L] B°°k of dramatick comT our s was a match of common good likin* .
mixture of that ridiculous paffion, which has^nn ? I”7
in playbooks and romances. ' 10 ^emS
Pla'yday. n. f. fplay and dav 1 !)•», . Swift.
work. y‘] cxemPt from talks or
I thought the life of every lady
Should be one continual playL •
Balls and mafquerades and Ihws. Swift’, MfeUamn.
P.f, A’yDE3T.
P L A
Pla'ydebt. n.f. [play and debt.] Debt contra&ed by gaming.
There are multitudes of leuies upon fingle lives, and playdebts upon joint lives. Arbuthnot.
She has feveral playdebts on her hand, which muff be dilcharged very fuddenly. Spectator, 295.
Pl a'yer. n.f. [from play.]
1. One who plays.
2. An idler ; a lazy perfon.
You’re pi&ures out of doors,
Saints in your injuries, devils being offended,
Players in your houfewifery. Shakefpeare's Othello.
3. A£tor of dramatick fcenes.
Like players plac’d to fill a filthy ftage,
Where change of thoughts one fool to other {hews,
And all but jefts, ferve only forrow’s rage. Sidney.
Certain pantomimi will reprefent the voices of players of
interludes lb to life, as you would think they were thofeplayers
themfelves. Bacon’s Natural Hijtory.
A player, if left of his auditory and their applaufe, would
ftraight be out of heart. Bacon.
Thine be the laurel then, fupport the ftage ;
Which fo declines, that fhortly we may fee
Players and plays reduc’d to fecond infancy. Dryden.
His mufe had ftarv’d, had not a piece unread,
And by a player bought, fupply’d her bread. Dryden.
4. A mimick.
Thus faid the player god ; and adding art
Of voice and gefture, fo perform’d his part,
She thought, fo like her love the fhade appears.
That Ceyx fpake the words. Dryden.
«j. One who touches a mufical inftrument.
Command thy fervants to feek out a man, who is a cunning player on the harp. I Samuel x\i. 16.
6. A gamefter.
7. One who a&s in play in any certain manner.
The fnake bit him fall by the tortgue, which therewith
began fo to rankle and fwell, that, by the time he had knocked
this foul player on the head, his mouth was fcarce able to
contain it. Carew’s Sw vey of Cornwall.
Pla'yfelloW. n.f. [play andfellow.] Companion in amufement.
Inconftant in his choice of his friends, or rather never hav¬
ing a friend but playfellows, of whom, when he was weary,
he could no otherwife rid himfelf than by killing them. Sidn.
She feem’d ftill back unto the land to look,
And her p ayfellows aid to call, and fear
The dafhing of the waves. Spenfer.
Your precious felf had not then crofs’d the eyes
Of my young playfellow. Shakefp. IVinier s Dale.
Mifchance and forrovv go along with you !
Heart’s difeontent and four affliction
Be p'ayfelloivs to keep you company ! Shakefp.
Sweet playfellow, pray thou for us,
And good luck grant thee thy Demetrius. Shakefp.
This was the play at which Nero ftakedthree thoufand two
hundred and twenty-nine pounds three (hillings and four
pence upon every calf; where did he find playfellows ?
Arbuthnot on Coins.
Playful, adj. [play and full.] Sportive ; full of levity.
He is fcandalized at youth for being lively, and at childhood >od for for being being playful. playful. Addijon’s Spectator, Nv 494.
Playgame, n.f [p'ay and game.] Playot children
That liberty alone gives the true relifh to their ordinary
playgames. Locke.
Pla'yhouse. n.f. [play and houfe.] Houfe where dramatick
performances are reprefented.
Thefe are the youths that thunder at a playhoufe, and fight
for bitten apples. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
He hurries me from the playhoufe and fcenes there, to the
bear-garden. Stillingfleet.
I am a fufficient theatre to myfelf of ridiculous aClions,
without expecting company either in a court orplayhoufe. Dry.
Shakelpear, whom you and ev’ry playhoufe bill
Stile the divine. Pope’s Epijlles of Horace.
Pla'ypleasure. n.f. [play andpleafure.] Idle amufement.
He taketh a kind of playpleajure in looking upon the for¬
tunes of others. Bacon s Effay*.
PLAYSOME. adj. [play and fame.] Wanton; full of levity.
Pla'ysomeness. n.f [from playfame.] Wantonnefs ; levity.
Pla'vthing. n.f. [play and thing.] Toy; thing to play
with.
O Caftalio ! thou haft caught
My foolifh heart; and like a tender child,
That trufts his plaything to another hand,
I fear its harm, and fain would have it back. Otway.
A child knows his nurlc, and by degrees the playthings of
a little more advanced age. Locke.
T he fervants (hould be hindered from making court to
them, by giving them fruit and playthings, Locke.
O Richard,
Would fortune calm her prefent rage.
And give us playthings for our age.
PLE /
Allow him but the plaything of a pen,
He ne’er rebels or plots. Pope,
Pla'ywright. n.f [play and wright.] A maker of plays.
He ended much in the chara&er he had liv’d in ; and Ho¬
race’s rule for a play may as well be applied to him as a play¬
wright. Pope.
Plea. n.f. [plaid, old French.]
1. The ait or form of pleading.
2. Thing offered or demanded in pleading.
The magnificoes have all perfuaded with him ;
But none can drive him from the envious plea
Of forfeiture of juftice and his bond. Shakefp.
3. Allegation.
They tow’rds the throne fupreme.
Accountable, made hafte, to make appear
With righteous plea, their utmoft vigilance. Mdton.
4. An apology ; an excufe.
The fiend, with neceffity.
The tyrant’s plea, excus’d his devilifh deeds. Milton.
Thou determin’d weaknefs for no p!ea. Milton.
When fuch occafions are.
No plea muft ferve ; ’tis cruelty to fpare. Denham.
Whoever argues in defence of abfolute power in a fingle
perfon, though he offers the old plaufible plea, that, it is his
opinion, which he cannot help, unlefs he be convinced, ought
to be treated as the common enemy of mankind. Szvift.
To Pleach, v. a. [plejfer, Fr.] To bend; to interweave.
A word not in ufe.
Would’ft thou be window’d in great Rome, and fee
Thy mafterthus, with pleacht arms, bending down
His corrigible neck. Shakefpeare.
Steal into the pieached bower,
Where honey-fuckles ripen’d by the fun.
Forbid the fun to enter. Shakefp.
To PLEAD, v. n. [plaider, Fr.]
1. To argue before a court of juftice.
To his accufations
He pleaded ftill not guilty ; and alleg’d
Many (harp reafons. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
O that one might plead for a man with Gcd, as a man
pleadeth for his neighbour ! Job. xvi. 21.
Of beauty fing ;
Let others govern or defend the (late,
Plead at the bar, or manage a debate. Granvi l.
Lawyers and divines write down (hort notes, in order to
preach or plead. IVatts’s Improvement of the Mind.
2. To fpeak in an argumentative or perluafive way for or againft;
to reafon with another.
I am
To plead for that, which I would not obtain. Shakefp.
Who is he that will plead with me ; for now if I hold my
tongue, I (hall give up the ghoft. Job. xiii. 19.
If nature plead not in a parent’s heart,
Pity my tears, and pity her defert. Dryden.
It muft be no ordinary way of reafoning, in a man that is
pleading for the natural power of kings, and againft all com¬
pact, to bring for proof an example, where his own account
founds all the right upon compact. Locke.
3. To be offered as a plea.
Since you can love, and yet your error fee.
The fame refiftlels power may plead for me.
With no lefs ardour I my claim purfue ;
I love, and cannot yield her even to you. Dryden.
To Pl EAD. v. a.
1. To defend; to difeufs.
Will you, we (hew our title to the crown ?
If not, our fwords (hall plead it in the field. Shakefp.
2. To allege in pleading or argument.
Don Sebaftian came forth to intreat, that they might uart
with their arms like foldiers ; it was told him, that they could
notjuftly plead law of nations, for that they were not lawful
enemies. Spenfer on Ireland.
If they will plead againft me my reproach, know that God
hath overthrown me. Job xix. 5.
3. To offer as an excufe.
I will neither plead my age nor ficknefs, in excufe of
faults. Dryden.
Plea'dable. adj. [from plead.] Capable to be alleged in
plea.
I ought to be difeharged from this information, becaufe this
privilege is pleadable at law. Dryden.
Pleader, n.f. [\laidcur, Fr. from plead.]
1. One who argues in a court of juftice.
The brief with weighty crimes was charg d.
On which the pleader much enlargd. Swift’s Mifcei.
2. One who fpeaks for or againft.
If you
Would be your country’s pleader, your good tongue
Might flop our countryman. Shakefp. Cortolanus.
So fair a pleader any caufe may gain. Dryden.
Prior, Plea ding.
P L E
Plea ding, n.f [from plead.'] A&orformof pleading.
If the heavenly folk fhould know
Thcfe pleadings in the court below. Swift's Aftfeel.
Plea'sance. n.f [plaifance, Fr.J Gaiety; pleafantry; mer¬
riment.
The lovely pleafance and the lofty pride
Cannot exprefled be by any art. Spenfcr.
Her words (he drowned with laughing vain.
And wanting grace in utt’ring of the fame.
That turned all her pleafance to a fcoffing game. P. Spueen.
Oh that men fhould put an enemy into their mouths, to
fteal away their brains ! that we fhould with joy, pleafance,
revel and applaufe transform ourfelves into beails. Shakefp.
PLE'ASANT. adj. [plaifeint, French.]
1. Delightful; giving delight.
The gods are juft, and of our pleafant vices
Make inftruments to fcourge us. Shakefp. King Lear.
What moft he fhould diflike, feems pleafant to him ;
What like, ofFenfive. Shakefp. King Lear.
How good and hove pleafant it is for brethren to dwell in
unity ! Pfalrns.
Verdure clad
Her univerfal face with pleafant green. Alilton.
2. Grateful to the fenfes.
Sweeter thy difcourfe is to my ear,
Than fruits of palm-tree pleajantejj to thirft. Milton.
3. Good humoured ; cheerful.
In all thy humours, whether grave or mellow,
Thou’rt fuch a touchy, tefty, pleajant fellow. Addifon.
4. Gav ; lively ; merry.
Let neither the power nor quality of the great, or the wit
of the pleafant prevail with us to flatter the vices, or applaud
the prophanenels of wicked men. Rogers’s Sermons.
5. Trifling ; adapted rather to mirth than ufe.
They, who would prove their idea of infinite to be pofitive, feem to do it by a pleafant argument, taken from the ne¬
gation of an end, which being negative, the negation of it
is pofitive. . Locke.
Pl ea'santly. adv. [from pleafant.]
1. In fuch a manner as to give delight.
2. Gayly ; merrily ; in good humour.
King James was wont pleafantly to fay, that the duke of
Buckingham had given him a fecretary, who could neither
write nor read. Clarendon.
3. Lightly; ludicroufly.
Euftathius is of opinion, that Ulyffes fpeaks pleafantly to
Elpenor. Brootne.
Pleasantness, n. f. [from pleafant.']
1. Delightfulnefs ; ftate of being pleafant.
Doth not the pleafantnefs of this place carry in itfelf fufficient reward. Sidney.
2. Gaiety ; cheerfulnefs ; merriment. f
It was refrefhing, but compofed, like the pleafantyefs of
youth tempered with the gravity of age. South.
He would fain put on fome pleafantnefs, but was not able
to conceal his vexation. Tillotfon.
Plea's antry. n. f. [plaifanterie, Fr,]
1. Gaiety ; merriment.
The harfhnefs of reafoning is not a little foftened and
fmoothed by the infufions of mirth and pleafantry. Addifon.
Such kinds of pleafantry are difingenuous in criticifm, the
greateft mafters appear ferious and inftrudtive. Addifon.
2. -Sprightly faying ; lively talk.
The grave abound in pleajantries, the dull in repartees and
points of wit. Addifon’s Spectator, N° 487.
To Please, v. a. [placeo, Lat. plaire,Fr.]
1. To delight; to gratify ; to humour.
They pleafe themfelves in the children of ftrangers. If.W. 6.
Whether it were a whiffling wind, or a pleafing fall of
water running violently. IVifdom xvii. 1 8.
Thou can’ft not be fo pleas’d at liberty,
As I {hall be to find thou dar’ft be free. Dryden.
Leave fuch to trifle with more grace and eafe.
Whom folly pleafes, and whole follies pleafe. Pope.
2. To fatisfy ; to content.
Dodtor Pinch
Eftablifh him in his true fenfe again,
And I will pleafe you what you will demand. Shakefp.
What next I bring {hall pleafe
Thy wilh exadfly to thy heart’s deftre. Milton.
3. To obtain favour from ; to be pleafed with, is to approve ;
to favour.
This is my beloved fon, in whom I am well pleafed. Mat.
I have feen thy face, and thou waft pleafed with me. Gen.
Fickle their ftate whom God
Moft favours : who cmpleafe him long ? Milton.
4. To be Pleased. To like. A word of ceremony.
Many of our moft fkilful painters were pleafed to recom¬
mend this author to me, as one who perfectly underftood the
rules of painting. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
To Please, v. n.
I. To give pleafure.
What pleafing feem’d, for her now pleafes more. Milton.
P L E
I found fomething that was more pleafing in them, than my
ordinary productions. Dryden.
2. To gain approbation.
Their wine-offerings {hall not be pleafing unto him. Llofa.
3. To like ; to chufe.
Spirits, freed from mortal laws, with eafe
Affume what fexes and what fhapes they pleafe. Pope.
4. To condefcend ; to comply. A word of ceremony.
Pleafe you, lords,
In fight of both our battles we may meet. Shakefp.
The firft words that I learnt were, to exprefs my defire,
that he would pleafe to give me my liberty. Gulliver.
Pleaser. n. f. [frompleafe.'] One that courts favour.
Plea singly, adv. [frompleafing.'] In fuch a manner as to
give delight.
Pleafingly troublefome thought and remembrance have been
to me lince I left you. ' Suckling.
Thus to heriblf {he pleafingly began. Milton.
The end of the artift is pleafingly to deceive the eye. Dryd.
He gains all points, who pleafingly confounds,
Surprizes, varies, and conceals the bounds. Pope.
Plea'singness. n.f. [from pleafing.] Quality of giving delight.
Plla'seman. n.f [pleafe and man.] A pickthank ; an offi¬
cious fellow.
Some carry tale, fome pleafeman, fome flight zany,
That knows the trick to make my lady laugh,
Told our intents. Shakefp. Love’s Labour Lof.
Pleasurable, adj. [from pleafure.'] Delightful; full of
pleafure.
Planting of orchards is very profitable, as well as pleafurable. Bacon.
It affords a pleafurable habitation in every part, and that is
the line ecliptick. jBroun’s Vulgar Errours.
i here are, that the compounded fluid drain
From different mixtures: fo the blended ftreams,
Each mutually correcting each, create
A pleafurable medley. Philips.
Our ill-judging thought
Hardly enjoys the pleafurable tafte. Prior.
PLEA'SURE. n.f. [plaifr, French.]
1. Delight; gratification of the mind or fenfes.
Pleafure, in general, is the confequent apprehenfion of
a fuitable objeeft, fuitably applied to a rightly difpofed fa¬
culty- South’s Sermons.
A caufe of men’s taking pleafure in the fins of others, is,
that poor fpiritednefs that accompanies guilt. South’s Set mans.
In hollow caves fweet echo quiet lies ;
Her name with pleafure once {he taught the fliore.
Now Daphne’s dead, and pleafure is no more. Pope.
2. Loofe gratification.
Convey your plcafures in a fpacious plenty,
And yet feem cold. Shakefp.
Behold yon dame does {hake the head to hear of pleafure’s
name. . Shakefp. King Lear.
Not funk in carnal pleafure. Milton.
3. Approbation.
The Lord taketh pleafure in them that fear him. Pfalrns.
4. What the will dictates.
Ufe your pleafure ; if your love do not perfuade you to
come, let not my letter. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
He will do his pleafure on Babylon. If xlviii.
5. Choice ; arbilrary will.
We afcribe not only effeCts depending on the natural period
of time unto arbitrary calculations, and fuch as vary at pleajure, but confirm our tenets by the uncertain account of
others. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
Half their fleet offends
His open fide, and high above him {hews;
Upon the reft at pleajure he defeends.
And doubly harm’d, he double harm beftows. Dryden.
Raife tempefts at your pleafure. Dryden.
We can at pleafure move feveral parts of our bodies. Locke.
All the land in their dominions being acquired.bv conqueft,
was difpofed by them according to their pleajure. Arbuthnot.
To Plea sure. v. a. [from the noun.] Tq pleafe; to gra¬
tify. A his word, though fupported bjr good authority, is,
I think, inelegant.
Things, thus fet in order.
Shall further thy harveft, and pleajure thee beft. Tujer.
I count it one of my greateft afflictions, that I cannot plea¬
fure fuch an honourable gentleman. Shakefpeare.
If what pleafes him, {hall pleafure you.
Fight clofer, or good faith you’ll catch a blow. Shakefp.
When the way of pleafuring and difpleafuring lieth by the
favourite, it is impoffible any fhould be overereat Vtnmn
Nothing is difficult ,0 love , it will mat! a man crolthU
own inclinations to pleafur, them whom he loves. TMotCan.
Plbbfol’e!eFUL’ “dl' " aIldf"!L\ Pleafant; delightful.
This country, for the fruitfulnefs of the land and the convemency of the lea, hath been reputed a very commodious
and pleafureful country. Abbot’s Defcript. of the World.
*9 X Plebe/an.
PIE
Plebei'an, n.f. [plebeien, Fr. plebeius, Lat.] One of the lower
people.
Let him
Hoift thee up to the fhouting plebeians. Shakcfpeare.
You’re plebeians, if they be fenators. Shakejpeare.
Upon the leaft intervals of peace, the quarrels between
the nobles and the plebeians would revive. Swift.
Plebei'an. adj.
1. Popular; confifting of mean perfons.
As fwine are to gardens, fo are tumults to parliaments,
and plebeian concourfes to publick counfels. King Charles.
2. Belonging to the lower ranks.
He through the midft unmark’d.
In fhew plebeian angel militant
Of loweft order. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
3. Vulgar; low; common.
To apply notions philofophical to plebeian terms; or to fay,
where the notions cannot fitly be reconciled, that there
wanteth a term or nomenclature for it, as the ancients ufed,
they be but fhifts of ignorance. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The differences of mouldable and not mouldable, fciffible
and not fciffible are plebeian notions. Bacon.
Difhonour not the vengeance I defign’d.
A queen ! and own a bait plebeian mind ! Dryden.
Pledge, n. f. [pleige,Fr. pieggio, Italian.]
1. Any thing put to pawn.
2. A gage ; any thing given by way of warrant or fecurity ; a
pawn.
Thefe men at the firft were only pitied ; the great humility,
zeal and devotion, which appeared to be in them, was in all
men’s opinion a pledge of their harmlefs meaning. Hooker.
If none appear to prove upon thy perfon
Thy heinous, manifeft and many treafons ;
There is my pledge, I’ll prove it on thy heart. Shakcfpeare.
That voice their livelieft pledge
Of hope in fears and dangers. Milton.
Money is neceffary both for counters and for pledges, and
carrying with it even reckoning and fecurity. Locke.
Hymen fhall be aton’d, fhall join two hearts.
And Aribert fhall be the pledge of peace. Rowe.
3. A furety; a bail; an hoftage.
What purpofe could there be of treafon, when the Guianians offered to leave pledges, fix for one. Raleigh.
Good fureties will we have for thy return.
And at thy pledges peril keep thy day. Dryden.
To Pledge, v. a. [pleiger, Fr. pieggiare, Italian.]
j. To put in pawn.
Afleep and naked as an Indian lay,
An honeft fadtor Hole a gem away ;
He pledg'd it to the knight; the knight had wit.
So kept the diamond. Pope.
2. To give as warrant or fecurity;
3. To fecure by a pledge.
I accept her ;
And here to pledge my vow, I give my hand. Shakefp.
4. To invite to drink, by accepting the cup or health after
another.
The fellow, that
Parts bread with him, and pledges
The breath of him in a divided draught,
Is th’ readieft man to kill him. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
To you noble lord of Weftmoreland.
*—\ pledge your grace. Shakefp. Henry IV.
That flexanimous orator began the king of Homebia’s
health ; he prefently pledg'd it. Howel's Vocal Forejl.
Pledget, n.f. [plagghe, Dutch,] A fmall mafs of lint.
I applied a pledget of bafilicon. Wifeman's Surgery.
Ple'iads. \n.f. [pleiades, Lat. 7rAtt'a<j£?.] A northern conPle'iades. J ftellation.
The pleiades before him danc’d.
Shedding fweet influence. Milton.
Then failors quarter’d heav’n, and found a name
For pleiads, hyads and the northern car. Dryden.
Ple'narily. adv. [from plenary.] Fully; completely.
The caufe is made a plenary caufe, and ought to be deter¬
mined plenarily. Ayliffe's Parergon.
PLENARY, adj. [fromplenus, Lat.] Full; complete.
I am far from denying that compliance on my pdrt, for
plenary confent it was not, to his deffrudtion. King Charles.
The caufe is made a plenary caufe. Aylijfe.
A treatife on a fubjedt fbould be plenary or full, fo that no¬
thing may be wanting, nothing which is proper omitted. Watts.
Plenary, n. f. Decifive procedure.
A bare inftitution without indudtion does not make a
plenary againft the king, where he has a title to prefent.
_ , r Ayliffe.
Ple nariness. n.f. [from plenary.] Fulnefs; completeness.
Ple nilunary. adj, [from pienilunium, Lat.] Relating to
the full moon. J 13
If we add the two Egyptian days in every month, the interlunary and plentlunary exemptions, there would arife above
an hundred more. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PLE
Ple'nipoTEnce. n.f. [fromplenus and potehtia, Lat.] Fulnefs
of power.
Ple'nipotent. adj. [plenipotens, Lat.] Inverted with full
power.
My fubftitutes I fend you, and create
Plenipotent on earth, of matchlefs might
Ifilling from me. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Plenipotentiary, n.f. [plenipotcntiaire, Fr.] A negotiator
inverted with full power.
I hey were only theplenipotentiary monks of the patriarchal
monks. Stillingfleet.
Ple'nist. n. f [from plenus, Lat.] One that holds all fpace
to be full of matter.
Thofe fpaces, which the vacuifts would have empty, becaufe devoid of air, the p/eni/ls do not prove replenifhed with
fubtle matter by any fenfible effects. Boyle.
PleNitude. n.f. [;plenitudo, from plenus, Lat. plenitude. Ft.]
1. Fulnefs ; the contrary to vacuity.
If there were every where an abfolute plenitude and denfity
without any pores between the particles of bodies, all bodies
of equal dimenfions would contain an dqual quantity of mat¬
ter, and confequently be equally ponderous, Bentley's Sermons.
2. Repletion ; animal fulnefs ; plethory.
Relaxation from plenitude is cured by fpare diet. Arbuth.
3. Exuberance ; abundance.
The plenitude of the pope’s power of difpenfing was the
main queftion. Bacon's Henry VII.
4. Completenefs.
1 he plenitude of William’s fame
Can no accumulated ftores receive. Prior.
Pl E NTEOUS, adj. [from plenty.]
1. Copious; exuberant; abundant.
Author of evil, unknown till thy revolt
Now plenteous thefe adts of hateful flrife. Milton.
Two plenteous fountains the whole profpedf crown’d ;
This through the gardens leads its ftreams around. Pope.
2. Fruitful; fertile.
Take up the fifth part of the land in the feven plenteous
years. Genefis xli. 34.
Lab’ring the foil and reaping plenteous crop. Milton.
Ple'nteously. adv. [from plenteous.] Copioufiy; abun¬
dantly ; exuberantly.
Thy due from me is tears,
Which nature, love and filial tendernefs
Shall, O dear father, pay thee plenteoufly. Shakefp.
God created the great whales and each
Soul living, each that crept, which plenteoufy
The waters generated. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. vii;
God proves us in this life, that he may the more plenteoufy
reward us in the next. Wake's Preparationfor Death.
Ple'nteousness. n.f. [from plenteous.] Abundance; fer¬
tility.
T# feven years of plenteoufnefs in Egypt were ended.
1 Genefis.
Plentiful, adj. [plenty and full.] Copious; abundant; ex¬
uberant ; fruitful*.
To Amalthea he gave a country, bending like a horn ;
whence the tale of Amalthea’s plentiful horn. Raleighs
He that is plentiful in expences, will hardly be preferved
from decay. Bacon's EJfays.
If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful
year. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
When they had a plentiful harveft, the farmer had hardly
any corn. L'Efrange.
Alcibiades was a young man of noble birth, excellent edu¬
cation and a plentiful fortune. Swift.
Plentifully, adv. [fromplentiful.] Copioufiy; abundantly.
They were not multiplied before, but they were at that
time plentifully encreafed. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Bern is plentifully furnifhed with water, there being a great
multitude of fountains. Addfon's Remarks on Italy.
Plentifulness. n.f. [from plentiful.] The ftate of being
plentiful ; abundance ; fertility.
PLE'NTY. n. f. [from plenus, full.]
1. Abundance ; fuch a quantity as is more than enough.
Peace,
Dear nurfe of arts, plenties and joyful birth. Shakefp.
What makes land, as well as other things, dear, is plenty
of buyers, and but few fellers ; and fo plenty of fellers and
few buyers makes land cheap. Locke.
2. Fruitfulnefs ; exuberance.
The teeming clouds
Defcend in gladfome plenty o’er the world. Thomfon,
g. It is ufed, I think, barbaroufly for plentiful.
To grafswith thy calves.
Where water is plenty. Duffer's Hufbandry.
If reafons were as plenty as black berries, I would give no
man a reafon on compulfion. Shakejp. Henry IV.
4.A ftate in which enough is had and enjoyed.
Ye fhall cat in plenty and be fatisfied, and praife th,e
Lord. Joel ii. 26.
c Pleonasm.
P L I
Ple'onasm. n.f. [pleonafme, Fr. pleenaftnus, Lat.] A figure
of rhctorick, by which more words are ufed than are necefiary.
Plesh. n.f [A word ufed by Spenfer inftead of plajh, for the
convenience of rhyme.] A puddle ; a boggy mar(h.
Out of the wound the red blood flowed frefh.
That underneath his feet foon made a purple plejh. Spenfer.
PLE THORA. n. /• [from 7rA?).3-w£a.] The ftate in which
the veflels are fuller of humours than is agreeable to a na¬
tural ftate or health ; arifes either from a diminution of fome
natural evacuations, or from debauch and feeding higher or
more in quantity than the ordinary powers of the vifcera can
digeft : evacuations and exercife are its remedies.
The difeafes of the fluids are a plethora, or too great abun¬
dance of laudable juices. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
| adj.[fromplethora.] Having a full habits
The fluids, as they confift of fpirit, water, falts, oil and
terreftrial parts, differ according to the redundance of the
whole or of any of thefe; and therefore the plethorick are
phlcgmatick, oily, faline, earthy or dry. Arbuthnot.
Plethory. n.f [plethore, Fr. from TrAnSw^a.] Fulnefs of
habit.
In too great repletion, the elaftick force of the tube throws
the fluid with too great a force, and fubje&s the animal to
the difeafes depending upon a plethory. Arbuthnot.
Fle'vin. n. f. [pleuvine, Fr. plevina, law Lat.] In law, a
warrant or affurance. See Replevin. Ditt.
PLEU RISY. n.f [tt-Asu^r-rif ; pleurefe, Fr. pleuritis, Lat.]
Pleurify is an inflammation of the pleura, though it is
hardly diftinguifhable from an inflammation of any other part
of the breaft, which are all from the fame caufe, a ftagnated
blood ; and are to be remedied by evacuation, fuppuration or
expectoration, or all together. Quincy.
Pleuri'tical. 1 rc . ,r ,
n , >adi. from pleurifv.] Pleu RITICK. S J ' ^ J} J
I.Difeafed with a pleurify.
The vifcous matter, which lies like leather upon the extravafated blood of pleuritick people, may be diffolved by a
due degree of heat. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
1.Denoting a pleurify.
His blood was pleuritical, it had neither colour nor con¬
fidence. Wifeman's Surgery.
PLFABLE. adj. [pliable, from plier, Fr. to bend.]
1. Eafy to be bent; flexible.
Though an a£t be never fo finful, they will drip it of its
guilt, and make the very law fo pliable and bending, that it
ihall be impoflible to be broke. South's Sermons.
Whether the different motions of the animal fpirits may
have any effect on the mould of the face, when the linea¬
ments are pliable and tender, I fnall leave to the curious. Add.
2. Flexible of difpofition ; eafy to be perfuaded.
Pli'ableness. n.f. [frompliable.]
1. Flexibility; eafmefs to be bent.
2. Flexibility of mind.
Compare the ingenuous pliab'enefs to virtuous counfels in
youth, as it comes frefh out of the hands of nature, with the
confirmed obdinacy in mod forts of fin, that is to be found
in an aged firmer. South's Sermons.
Pli'ancy. n.f [from pliant.] Eafinefs to be bent.
Had not exercife been necefiary, nature would not have
given fuch an a&ivity to the limbs, and fuch a pliancy to every
part, as produces thofe compreflions and extenfions necefiary
for the prefervation of fuch a fyftem. Addifon's Spectator.
PLIANT, adj. [pliant, French.]
1. Eending j tough; flexile; flexible; lithe; limber;
An anatomid promifed to diflecl a woman’s tongue, and
examine whether the fibres may not be made up of a finer
and more pliant thread. Addifon's Spectator^ N° 247;
2. Eafy to take a form.
Particles of heav’nly fire*
Or earth but new divided from the fky,
And pliant dill retain’d th’ etherial energy. Dryden,
As the wax melts that to the flame I hold.
Pliant and warm may dill her heart remain.
Soft to the print, but ne’er turn hard again. Granville.
3. Eafily complying.
In languages the tongue is more pliant to all founds, the
joints more fupple to all feats of adlivity, in youth than after¬
wards. Bacon’s EJfdys.
Thofe, who bore bulwarks on their backs,
Now praCtife ev’ry pliant gedure,
Op’ning their trunk for ev’ry teder. Swift's Mifcel.
4. Eafily perfuaded.
The will was then duSile and pliant to right reafon, it
met the di&ates of a clarified underdanding halfway. South.
Pli'antness. n.f [from pliant.] Flexibility; toughnefs.
Greatnefs of weight, clofenefs of parts, fixation, pliantnefs or foftnefs. _ Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Pli'cature. ] n. f. [plicatura, from plico> Lat.] bold ; double.
Plica'tion. j Plication is ufed fomewhere in Clarijfa.
Pli'ers. n.f. [from ply.] An indrument by which any thing
is laid hold on to bend it.
P L O
Pliers are of two forts, flat-nofed and round-nofed; theif
office is to hold and faden upon a fmall work, and to fit it in
its place : the round-nofed pliers are ufed for turning or boring
wire or fmall plate into a circular form. Moxon.
I made a detention by a fmall pair of pliers. JVtfeman.
To Plight, v. a. [plichten, Dutch.]
1. To pledge ; to give as furety.
He plighted his right hand
Unto another love, and to another land. Fairy Queen.
Saint Withold
Met the night mare, and her name told,
Bid her alight, and her troth plight. Shakefp. King Lear.
I again in Henry’s royal name.
Give thee her hand for fign of plighted faith. Shakefpeare.
Here my inviolable faith I plight,
Lo, thou be my defence, I, thy delight; Dryden<
New loves you feek,
New vows to plight, and plighted vows to break. Dryden.
I’ll never mix my plighted hands with thine.
While fuch a cloud of mifchiefs hangs about us. Addifon.
2. To braid; to weave, [from plico, Lat. whence to ply or
bend, and plight, pleight or plait, a fold or flexure.]
Her head fhe fondly would aguife
With gaudie girlonds, or frefh flowrets dight
About her neck, or rings of rufhes plight. Fairy Queen,
I took it for a fairy vifion
Of fome gay creatures of the element.
That in the colours of the rainbow live,
And play i’ th’ plighted clouds. Milton.
Plight, n. f. [This word Skinner imagines to be derived from
the Dutch, plicht, office or employment; but junius obferves,
that plixht, Saxon, fignifies diftrefs or preffing danger; whence,
I fuppofe, plight was derived, it being generally ufed in a Bad
fenfe.]
1. Condition; ftate.
When as the careful dwarf had told.
And made enfample of their mournful fight
Unto his mafter, he no longer would
There dwell in peril of like painful plight. Fa. Queen.
1 think myfelf in better plight for a lender than you are.
Shakefpeare.
Befeech your highnefs.
My women may be with me ; for, you fee.
My plight requires it. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
They in lowlieft plight repentant ftood
Praying. Milton's Par. Loji, b. xi.
Thou muft not here
Lie in this miferable loathfome plight. Milton.
Moft perfect hero tried in heavieft. plight
Of labours huge and hard. Milton.
2. Good cafe.
Who abufeth his cattle and ftarves them for meat.
By carting or plowing, his gaine is not great;
Where he that with labour can ufe them aright.
Hath gaine to his comfort, and cattel in plight. Tuffer.
3. Pledge ; gage, [from the verb.]
Thatlord, whofe hand muft take my plight, fhall carry
Half my love with him, half my care and duty. Shakefp„
4. [From to plight.] A fold ; a pucker; a double ; a purfle ;
a plait.
Yclad, for fear of fcorching air,
All in a filken camus, lilly white,
Purfled upon with many a folded plight. Fairy Queen.
Plinth, n. f [wAtvS'jf.] In architecture, is that fquare
member which ferves as a foundation to the bafe of a pillar ;
Vitruvius calls the upper part or abacus of the Tufcan pillar, a
plinth, becaufe it relembles a fquare tile : moreover, the fame
denomination is fometimes given to a thick wall, wherein
there are two or three bricks advanced in form of a plat¬
band. Harris.
To PLOD. v. n. [ploeghen, Dutch. Skinner.]
1. To toil ; to moil ; to drudge ; to travel;
A plodding diligence brings us fooner to our journey’s end,
than a fluttering way of advancing by ftarts. L'EJlrange*
He knows better than any man, what is not to be written ;
and never hazards himfelf fo far as to fall, but plods on de¬
liberately, and, as a grave man ought, puts his ftaff before
him. Dryden's State of Innocence.
Th’ unletter’d chriftian, who believes in grofs.
Plods on to heav’n, and ne’er is at a lofs. Dryden.
2. To travel laborioufly.
Rogues, plod away o’ the hoof, feek fhelter, pack. Sha.
If one of mean affairs
May plod it in a week, why may not I
Glide thither in a day. Shakefp. Cymbeline>
Haft thou not held my ftirrup ?
Bare-headed, plodded by my foot-cloth mule
And thought thee happy when 1 (hook my head ? Shakefp.
Ambitious love hath fo in me offended,
That barefoot plod I the cold ground upo’n,
With fainted vow my faults to have amended. Shakefp.
3.To ftudy
PLO P L O
Shakefp.
3.To ftudy clofely and dully.
Univerfal plodding prifons up
The nimble fpirits in the arteries;
As motion and long-during adfion tires
The finewy vigour of the traveller.
He plods to turn his am’rous fuit
T’ a plea in law, and profecute. Hudibras, p. iii.
She reafon’d without plodding long,
Nor ever gave her judgment wrong. Swift's Mifccl.
Plo'dder. n.f. [from plod.] A dyll heavy laborious man.
Study is like the heav’ns glorious fun,
That will not be deep fearch’d with faucy looks ;
What have continual plodders ever won.
Save bafe authority from other’s books ? Shakefp.
PLOT. n.f. [plor, Saxon. See Plat.]
1. A fmall extent of ground.
It was a chofen plot of fertile land,
Amongft wide waves fet like a little neft.
As if it had by nature’s cunning hand
Been choicely picked out from all the reft. Fairy hfueen.
Plant ye with alders or willowes a plot.
Where yeerely as needeth mo poles may be got. Tuffer.'
Many unfrequented plots there are,
Fitted by kind for rape and villainy. Shakefpeare.
Were there but this ftngle plot to lofe,
This mould of Marcius, they to dull would grind it,
And throw’t againft the wind. Shakefp.
When we mean to build,
We firft furvey the plot, then draw the model.
And when we fee the figure of the houfe.
Then we muft rate the coft of the erection. Shakefp.
Weeds grow not in the wild uncultivated wafte, but in
garden plots under the negligent hand of a gardener. Lode.
2. A plantation laid out.
Some goddefs inhabiteth this region, who is the foul of
this foil; for neither is any lefs than a goddefs, worthy to be
fhrined in fuch a heap of pleafures ; nor any lefs than a god¬
defs could have made it fo perfedt a plot. Sidney.
3. A form ; a fcheme; apian.
The law of England never was properly applied unto the
Irifii nation, as by a purpofed plot of government, but as they
could infinuate and fteal themfelves under the fame by their
humble carriage. Spenfer on Ireland.
4. [Imagined by Skinner to be derived horn platform, but evi¬
dently contradfed from complot, Fr.] A confpiracy ; a fecret
defign formed againft another.
I have o’erheard a plot of death upon him. Shakefp.
Eafy feems the thing to every one,
That nought could crofs their plot, or them fupprefs. Dan.
5. An intrigue; an affair complicated, involved and embarraffed ;
the ftory of a play, comprifing an artful involution of affairs,
unravelled at laft by fome unexpedted means.
If the plot or intrigue muft be natural, and fuch as fprings
from the fubjcdl, then the winding up of the plot muft be a
probable confequence of all that went before. Pope.
Nothing muft be fung between the adts,
But what fome way conduces to the, plot. Rofcommon.
Our author
Produc’d his play, and begg’d the knight’s advice,
Made him obferve the fubjedf and the plot.
The manners, paffions, unities, what not ? Pope.
They deny the plot to be tragical, becaufe its cataftrophe
is a wedding, which hath ever been accounted comical. Gay.
6. Stratagem ; fecret combination to any ill end.
Fruftrate all our plots and wiles. Milton.
7. Contrivance; deep reach of thought.
Who fays he was not
A man of much plot.
May repent that falfe accufation;
Having plotted and pen’d
Six plays to attend
The farce of his negociation. Denham.
To Plot. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To form fchemes of mifehief againft another, commonly
againft thofe in authority.
The fubtle traitor
This day had plotted in the council houfe
To murther me. Shakefpeare's Richard III.
The wicked plotteth againft the juft. Pfalm xxxvii. 12.
He who envies now thy ftate.
Who now is plotting how he may feduce
Thee from obedience. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
i'hewolf that round th’ inclofure prowl’d
To leap the fence, now plots not on the fold. Drydcn.
2. Fo contrive; to fcheme.
I he count tells the marquis of a flying noife, that the
prince did plot to be fecretly gone; to which the marquis an¬
swer d, that though love had made his highnefs fteal out of
his own countiy, yet fear would never make him run out of
Spain. Wotton.
To Plot. v. a.
1. To plan; to contrive.
Dryden.
With flbame and forrow fill’d :
Shame for his folly ; forrow out of time
For plotting an unprofitable crime.
2. ’Fo deferibe according to ichnography.
This treatife plotteth down Cornwall, as it now ftandeth,
for the particulars. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Plo'tter. n.f. [fromplot.]
1. Confpirator.
As for you, Colonel, we ftiall try who’s the greater p'otter
of us two ; I againft the ftate, or you againft the petticoat.
Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
2. Contriver.
An irreligious moor,
Chief architect and plotter of thefe woes. Shakefp.
Plo'ver. n.f. [pluvier, Fr. pluvialis, Lat.] A lapwing. A
bird.
Of wild birds, Cornwall hath quail, rail, patridge, pheafant and plover. Carew's Survey of Cornwall,
Scarce
The bittern knows his time : or from the fhore.
The plovers when to lcatter o’er the heath
And ling. Tbomfon's Spring.
PLOUGH, n.f. [ploj, Saxon; plog, Danifh; plocgh, Dutch.]
1. The inftrument with which the furrows are cut in the ground
to receive the feed.
Look how the purple flower, which the plough
Flath fhorn in funder, languifhing doth die. Peacham.
Some ploughs differ in the length and fhape of their beams ;
fome in the {hare, others in the coulter and handles. Mort.
In ancient times the facred plough employ’d
The kings and awful fathers. Thomfon.
2. A kind of plane. Ainfworth.
To Plough, v. n. Topradtife aration ; to turn up the ground
in order to low feed.
Rebellion, infolence, fedition
We ourfelves have plough'd for, fow’d and fcatter’d.
By mingling them with us. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Doth the ploughman plough all day to fow ? If. xxviii. 24.
They only give the land on0 ploughing, and fow white
oats, and harrow them as they do black, Mortimer.
To Plough, v. a.
1. To turnup with the plough.
Let the Volfcians
Plough Rome and harrow Italy. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Shou’d any Have, fo lewd, belong to you l
No doubt you’d fend the rogue, in fetters bound.
To work in bridewell. Or to plough your ground. Dryden.
A man may plough, in fluff grounds the firft time fallowed,
an acre a day. Mortimer.
You find it ploughed into ridges and furrows. Mortimer.
2. To bring to view by the plough.
Another of a dufky colour, near black ; there are of thefe
frequently ploughed up in the fields of Weldon. Woodward.
3. To furrow; to divide.
When the prince her fun’ral rites had paid,
He plough'd the Tyrrhene feas with fails difplay’d. Addif.
With fpeed we plough the watry way,
My power fhall guard thee. Pope's Qdyjfcy,
4. To tear ; to furrow.
Let
Patient Odtavia plough thy vifage up
With her prepared nails. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Plou'ghboy. n.f. [plough and boy.] A boy that follows the
plough ; a coarle ignorant boy.
A ploughboy, that has never feen any thing but thatched
houfes and his parifh church, imagines that thatch belongs to
the very nature of a houfe. Watts's Logick.
Pi.ou'gher. n.f. [from plough.] One who ploughs or culti¬
vates ground.
When the country (hall be repleniftied with corn, as it
will, if well followed ; for the country people themfelves are
great ploughers and fmall fpenders of corn : then there fhould
be good ftore of magazines eredted. Spenfer.
Ploughla'nd. n. f. [plough and land.] A farm for corn.
Who hath a ploughland cafts all his feed-corn there,
And yet allows his ground more corn ftiould bear. Donne.
In this book are entered the names of the manors or in¬
habited townfhips, the number of ploughlands that each con¬
tains, and the number of the inhabitants. Hale.
Plou'ghman. n.f. [plough and man.]
1. One that attends or ufes the plough.
When Ihepherds pipe on oaten ftraws,
And merry larks are ploughmen's clocks.
The cuckow then on ev’ry tree. Shakefpeare.
God provides the good things of the world, to lerve the
neeeds of nature by the labours of the ploughman. Taylor.
The careful ploughman doubting ftands. Milton.
Your reign no lefs allures the ploughman's peace,
Than the warm fun advances his increafe. Waller.
The merchant gains by peace, and the loldiers by war, the
fhepherd by wet feafgns, and the ploughmen by dry. Temple.
8 Who
PLU
Who can ceafe t’ admire
The ploughman conful in his coarfe attire.
One
Drydcn.
My ploughman's is, t’other my Shepherd’s fon. Dryden.
i A croft ignorant ruftick.
b Her hand ! to whofe foft feizurc
The cignet’s down is harfh, and, fpite of fenfe,
Hard as the palm of ploughman. Shakefp.
2. A ftrong laborious man.
A weak ftomach will turn rye bread into vinegar, and a
ploughman will digeft it. Arlnthnot on Aliments.
Plou'ghmonday. n.f. The monday after twelfth-day.
Ploughmunday next after that the twelftide is part.
Bids out with the plough, the worft hufband is laft. Tuffcr.
Ploughsha're. n. f. [plough and Jhare.'] The part of the
plough that is perpendicular to the coulter.
As the earth was turned up, the ploughjhare lighted upon a
great ftone; we pulled that up, and fo found fome pretty
things. Sidney, b. ii.
The pretty innocent walks blindfold among burning^/oag-AJhares without being fcorched. Addifon s Spectator.
To PLUCK, v. a. [ploccian. Sax. plocken, Dutch.]
1. To pull with nimblenefs or force; to fnatch; to pull; to
draw; to force on or off; to force up or down ; to a£t upon
with violence. It is very generally and licentioufly ufed, par¬
ticularly by Shakefpeare.
It feemed better unto that noble king to plant a peaceable
government among them, than by violent means to pluck them
under. Spenfer on Ireland.
You were crown’d before^
And that high royalty was ne’er pluck'd off. Shakefp.
Pluck down my officers, break my decrees.
For now a time is come to mock at form. Shakefp.
Can’ft thou not
Pluck from the memory a rooted forrow.
And with fome fweet oblivious antidote
Cleanfe the fluff’d bofom. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
When yet he was but tender bodied, when youth with
comelinefs plucked all gaze his way. Shakefp. Macbeth.
I gave my love a ring ;
He would not pluck it from his linger, for the wealth
That the world mailers. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
If you do wrongfully feize Hereford’s right.
You pluck a thoufand dangers on your head. Shakefp.
Dive into the bottom of the deep,
Where fathom line could never touch the ground.
And pluck up drowned honour by the locks. Shakefp.
I will pluck them up by the roots out of my land. 2 Chron.
Pluck away his crop with his feathers. Lev. i. 16.
A time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is
planted. Eccluf. iii. 2.
They p’uck off their fkin from off them. Mic. iii. 2.
Difpatchr ’em quick, but firft pluck out their tongues.
Left with their dying breath they fow fedition. Addifon.
Beneath this fhade the weary peafant lies.
Plucks the broad leaf, and bids the breezes rife. Gay.
From the back
Of herds and flocks, a thoufand tugging bills
Pluck hair and wool. Thomfon's Spring.
2. To ftrip of feathers.
Since I pluckt geefe, I knew not what it was to be beaten.
Shakefpeare.
I come to thee from plume pluck'd Richard. Shakefp.
3. To pluck up a heart or fpirit. A proverbial expreffion for
taking up or reluming of courage.
He willed them to pluck up their hearts, and make all
things ready for a new affault, wherein he expeCted they fhould
with courag’ious refolution recompenfe their late cowardice.
Knolles's Hi/lory of the Turks.
Pluck, n.f [from the verb.]
1. A pull ; a draw ; a fingle aCtof plucking.
Birds kept coming and going all the day long ; but fo few
at a time, that the man did not think them worth a pluck.
L'EJlrange.
Were the ends of the bones dry, they could not, without
great difficulty, obey theplucks and attractions of the motory
mufcles. Ray on the Creation.
2. [Plughk, Erfe. I know not whether derived from the
Englifh, rather'than the Englifh from the Erfe.] The heart,
liver and lights of an animal.
Plu'cker. n.f. [from pluck.] One that plucks.
Thou fetter up and plucker down of kings ! Shakefp.
Pull it as foon as you fee the feed begin to grow brown, at
which time let the pluckers tie it up in handfuls. Mortimer.
Plug, n.f [plugg, Swedifh ; plugghe, Dutch.] A ftopple j
any thing driven hard into another body.
Shutting the valve with the plttgj draw down the fucker
to the bottomi Boyle.
The fighting with a man’s own fhadow, confifts in the
. brandifhing of two fticks grafped in each hand, and loaden
with plugs of lead at either end : this opens the cheft. Addif
In bottling wine, fill your mouth full of corks, together
with a large plug of tobacco. Swift's Diredt. to the Butler.
PLU.
To Plug. it. a. [fio n the noun.] To ftop with a plug.
A tent plugging up the orifice, would make the matter re¬
cur to the part difpoied to receive it. Sharp's Surgery.
Plum. n. f. [plum, plumrp.eop, Sax. blumme, Danifh. A cullom has prevailed of writing plumb, but improperly.
1. A fruit.
The flower confifts of five leaves, which are placed in a
circular order, and expand in form of a rofe, from whofe
flower-cup riles the pointal, which afterwards becomes an
oval or globular fruit, having a foft flefhy pulp, furrounding
an hard oblong ftone, for the mod part pointed; to which
fhould be added, the footftalks are long and flender, and have
but a fingle fruit upon each : the fpecies are; 1. The jeanhative, or white primordian. 2. The early black damalk,
commonly called the Morocco plum. 3. The little black
damafk plum. 4. The great damalk violet of Tours. 5.
The Orleans plum. 6. The Fotheringham plum. 7. The
Perdrigon plum. 8. The violet Perdrigon plu?n. 9. The
white Perdrigon plum. 10. The red imperial plum, fometimes called the red bonum magnum. 11. The white im¬
perial bonum magnum ; white Holland or Mogul p urn. 12.
The Chefton plum. 13. The apricot plum. 14. Themaitre
claude. 15. La roche-courbon, or diaper rouge; the red
diaper plum. 16. Queen Claudia. 17. Myrobalan plum.
18. The green gage plum. 19. The cloth of gold p'um.
20. St. Catharine plum. 21. The royal plum. 22. La mirabelle. 23. The Brignole plum. 24. The emprefs. 25.
The monfieur plum : this is fometimes called the Wentworth
plum, both refembling the bonum magnum. 26. The cherry
plum. 27. The white pear plum. 28. The muicle plum.
29. The St. Julian plum. 30. The black bullace-tree plum.
31. The white bullace-tree plum. 32. The black thorn or
floe-tree plum. Miller.
Philofophers in vain enquired, whether the fummum bonum
confifted in riches, bodily delights, virtue or contemplation :
they might as reafonably have difputed, whether the beft relifh were in apples, plums or nuts. Locke.
2. Raifin ; grape dried in the fun.
I will dance, and eat plums at your wedding. Shakefp.
3. [In the cant of the city.] The fum of one hundred thou¬
fand pounds.
By the prefent ediCt, many a man in France will fwell into
a plum, who fell feveral thoufand pounds ftiort of it the day
before. Addifon.
The mifer muft make up his plum,
And dares not touch the hoarded fum. Prior.
By fair dealing John had acquired fome plums, which he
might have kept, had it not been for his law-fuit. Arbuth.
Afk you.
Why fhe and Sapho raife that monftrous fum ?
Adas ! they fear a man will coft a plum. Pope.
4. A kind of play, called how many plums for a penny. Ainf.
Plu mage. n.f. [plumage, Fr.] Feathers; fuit of feathers.
The plumage of birds exceeds the pilofity of beafts. Bacon.
Say, will the falcon, ftooping from abotfe,
Smit with her varying p umage, fpare the dove. Pope.
Plumb, n. f. [plomb, Fr. plumbum, Lat.] A plummet; a leaden
weight let down at the end of a line.
If the plumb line hang juft upon the perpendicular, when
the level is let flat down upon the work, the work is level.
Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
Plumb, adv. [from the noun.] Perpendicularly to the horizon.
If all thefe atoms fhould defeend plumb down with equal
velocity, being all perfectly folid and imporous, and the va¬
cuum not refilling their motion, they would never the one
overtake the other. Ray on the Creation.
Is it not a fad thing to fall thus plumb into the grave ? well
one minute and dead the next. Collier.
To Plumb, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To found ; to fearch by a line with a weight at its end.
The moft experienced feamen plumbed the depth of the
channel. Swift's Gulliver.
2. To regulate any work by the plummet.
PLU/MBER. n.f. [plomhier, Fr.] One who works upon lead.
Commonly written and pronounced plummer.
Plu mbery. n. f. [from plumber.] Works of lead ; the ma¬
nufactures of a plumber. Commonly fpeltplummery.
Plumcake. n.f. [plum and cake.] Cake made with raifins.
He cramm’d them till their guts did ake
With caudle, cuftard and plumcake. Hudibras.
PLUME, n.f. [plume, Fr. piuma, Lat.]
1. Feather of birds.
Let frantick Talbot triumph for a while,
And, like a peacock, fweep along his tail j
We’ll pull his plumes, and take away his train. Shakefp
Wings he wore of many a colour’d plume. Milton
They appear made up of little bladders, like thofe in th«
plum, or (talk of a qmll. GWr Mufaum.
2. heather worn as an ornament.
Let every feeble rumour fhake your hearts.
Your enemies with nodding of their plumes
ban you into defpair. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
^ i _ • Eaftern
P L U
Eaftern travellers know that oftridges feathers are common,
and the ordinary plume of Janizaries. Brown.
The fearful infant
Daunted to fee a face with fteel o’erfpread.
And his high plume that nodded o’er his head. Dryden.
3. Pride ; towering mien.
Great duke of Lancafter, I come to thee
From plume pluckt Richard, who with willing foul
Adopts thee heir. Shakefpeare s Richard II.
4. Token of honour; prize of conteft.
Ambitious to win from me fome plume. Milton.
5. Plume is a term ufed by botanifts for that part of the feed
of a plant, which in its growth becomes the trunk : it is inclofed in two fmall cavities, formed in the lobes for its recep¬
tion, and is divided at its loofe end into divers pieces, all
clofely bound together like a bunch of feathers, whence it
has this name. Quincy.
To Plume, v. a. [from the noun.J
1. To pick and adjuft feathers.
Swans muft be kept in fome enclofed pond, where they
may have room to come alhore and plume themfelves. Mart,
2. [tturner, Fr.] To ftrip of feathers.
Such animals, as feed upon flefh, devour fome part of the
feathers of the birds they gorge themfelves with, becaufe they
will not take the pains fully to plume them. Ray.
3. To ftrip ; to pill.
They ftuck not to fay, that the king cared not to plume
the nobility and people to feather himfelf. Bacon.
4. To place as a plume.
His ftature reach’d the fky, and on his creft
Sat horror plum'd. Milton’s Par.LoJl, b. iv.
5. To adorn with plumes.
Farewel the plumed troops, and the big war.
That make ambition virtue. Shakefp. Othello.
Plumea'llum. n. f. [alumen plumofum, Lat.] A kind of
albeftus.
Plumeallum, formed into the likenefs of a wick, will adminifter to the flame, and yet not confume. Wilkins.
Plumi'gerous. adj. [pluma and gero, Lat.] Having feathers ;
feathered. Dift.
Plu'mipede. n. f. [pluma and pes, Lat.j A fowl that has
feathers on the foot. Dill.
Plu'mmet. n.f. [fromplutnb.]
1. A weight of lead hung at a firing, by which depths are
founded, and perpendicularity is dilcerned.
Deeper than did ever plumtnet found.
I’ll drown my book. Shakefp. Tempeft.
Fly envious time
Call on the lazy leaden-ftepping hours,
Whole fpeed is but the heavy plummet’s pace. Milton.
2. Any weight.
God lees the'body of flefh which you bear about you,
and the plummets which it hangs upon your foul, and there¬
fore, when you cannot rife high enough to him, he comes
down to you. Duppa’s Rules.for Devotion.
The heavinefs of thefe bodies, being always in the amend¬
ing fide of the wheel, muft be counterpoifed by a plummet
fattened about the pulley on the axis : this plummet will defcend according as the land doth make the feveral parts of
the wheel lighter or heavier. Wilkins.
Plumo'sity. n.f. [from plumous.J The ftate of having feathers.
Plu'mous. adj. [plumeux, Fr. plumofus, Lat.J Feathery; refembling feathers.
This has a like plumous body in the middle, but finer.
Woodward on Foffils.
PLUMP, adj. [Of this word the etymology is not known.
Skinner derives it from pommele, Fr. full like a ripe apple ; it
might be more eafily deduced from plum, which yet leems
very harfh. 'Junius omits it.] Somewhat fat; not lean;
fleek ; full and fmooth.
The heifer, that valued itfelf upon a fmooth coat and a
plump habit of body, was taken up for a facrifice; but the
ox, that was defpifed for his raw bones, went on with his
work Hill. L’EJlrange.
Plump gentleman.
Get out as fall as e’er you can ;
Or ceafe to pufh, or to exclaim.
You make the very croud you blame. Prior.
The famifh’d cow
Grows plump and round, and full of mettle. Swift.
Plump. n.J. [from the adje&ive.] A knot; a tuft; a duller;
a number joined in one mafs.
England, Scotland, Ireland lie all in a plump together, not
acceflible but by fea. Bacon.
Warwick having efpied certain plumps of Scottifh horfemen ranging the field, returned towards the arriere to pre¬
vent danger. Hayward.
We relied under a plump of trees. Sandys.
Spread upon a lake, with upward eye
A plump of fowl behold their foe on high ;
They clofe their trembling troop, and all attend
On whom the fowfing eagle will defeend. Dryden.
To Plump, v. a. [from the adjedlive.] To fatten; to fwell;
to make large.
P L U
The particles of air expanding themfelves, plump out the
fides of the bladder, and keep them turgid. Boyle.
I’m as lean as carrion ; but a wedding at our houfe will
plump me up with good chear. L’EJlrange.
Let them lie for the dew and rain to plump them. Mart.
To Plump, v. n. [from the adverb.]
2. [From the adjedive.] Tobefwollen. Ainfworth.
1. To fall like a Hone into the water. A word formed from the
found.
Plump, adv. [Probably corrupted from plumb, or perhaps
formed from the found of a ftone falling on the water.]
With a fudden fall.
I would fain now fee ’em rowl’d
Down a hill, or from a bridge
Head-long call, to break their ridge ;
Or to fome river take ’em
Plump, and fee if that would wake ’em. B. Johnfon.
Fluttering his pennons vain plump down he drops. Milt.
Plu'mper. n.f. [from plump.'] Something worn in the mouth
to fwell out the cheeks.
She dext’roufly hex plumpers draws.
That ferve to fill her hollow jaws. Swift’s Mifcel.
Plu'mpness. n.f [from plump.] Fulnefs; difpofition towards
fulnefs.
Thofe convex glafles fupply the defedl of plumpnefs in the
eye, and by encreafing the refradion make the rays converge
fooner, fo as to convene at the bottom of the eye. Newton.
Plu'mporridge. n.f. [plum and porridge.] Porridge with
plums.
A rigid diflenter, who dined at his houfe on Chriflmasday, eat very plentifully of his plumporridge. Addifon.
Plumpudding, n.f. [plum and pudding.] Pudding made
with plums.
Plu'mpy. adj. Plump ; fat.
Come, thou monarch of the vine,
Plumpy Bacchus, with pink eyne.
In thy vats our cares be drown’d. Shakefp.
Plumy, adj. [fromplume.] Feathered; covered with feathers.
Satan fell, and ftraight a fiery globe
Of angels on full fail of wing flew nigh.
Who on their plumy vans receiv’d him foft
From his uneaiy ftation, and upbore
As on a floating couch through the blithe air. Milton.
Appear’d his plumy creft, befmear’d with blood. Addifon.
Sometimes they are like a quill, with the plumy part only
upon one fide. Grew’s Cofmol; b. i.
To PLUNDER, v. a. [plunderen,T)uX.ch.]
1. To pillage ; to rob in an hoftile way.
Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God, and we find
the fatal doom that afterwards befel him. South’s Sermons.
Ships the fruits of their exadlion brought.
Which made in peace a treafure richer far.
Than what is plunder’d in the rage of war. Dryden,
2. To rob as a thief.
Their country’s wealth our mightier mifers drain.
Or crofs, to plunder provinces, the main. Pope.
Plu'nde r. n.f. [from the verb.] Pillage ; fpoils gotten in war.
Let loofe the murmuring army on their mailers,
To pay themfelves with plunder. Otway.
Plu'nderer. n.f. [from plunder.]
1. Hoftile pillager ; lpoiler.
2. A thief; a robber.
It was a famous faying of William Rufus, whofoever fpares
perjured men, robbers, plunderers and traitors, deprives all
good men of their peace and quietnefs. Addifon.
We cannot future violence o’ercome,
Nor give the miferable province eafe.
Since what one plund’rer left, the next will feize. Dryden.
To PLUNGE, v. a. [plonger, Fr.]
1. To put fuddenly underwater, or under any thing fuppofed
liquid.
Plunge us in the flames. Milton.
Headlong from hence to plunge herfelf fhe fprings,
But Ihoots along fupported on her wings. Dryden.
2. To put into any ftate fuddenly.
I mean to plunge the boy in pleafing fleep.
And ravilh’d in Idalian bow’rs to keep. Dryden.
3. To hurry into any diftrefs.
O confcience ! into what abyfs of fears
And horrors haft thou driv’n me ? out of which
I find no way; from deep to deeper plung'd. Milton.
Without a prudent determination in matters before us, we
lhall be plunged into perpetual errors. Watts.
4. To force in fuddenly. This word, to what adlion foever it
be applied, commonly exprefles either violence and fuddennefs
in the agent, or diftrefs in the patient.
At this advanc’d, and fudden as the word,
In proud Plexippus’ bofom plung’d the fword. Dryden.
Let them not be too hafty to plunge their enquiries at once
into the depths of knowledge. Watts.
To Plunge, v. n.
1. To fink fuddenly into water; to dive.
Accoutred as I was, I plunged in. Shakefp. Julius Ceefar.
8 His
PLY P O A
His courfer plung’d,
And threw him off; the waves whelm’d over him.
And helplefs in his heavy arms he drown’d. Dryden.
When thou, thy ftiip o’erwhelm’d with waves, {halt be
Forc’d to plunge naked in the raging fea. Dryden.
When tortoifes have been a long time upon the water,
their ihell being dried in the fun, they are eaiily taken ; by
realon they cannot plunge into the water nimbly enough. Ray.
2.To fall or ruih into any hazard or diftrefs.s
He could find no other way to conceal his adultery, but to
plunge into the guilt of a murther. Fillotfon.
Bid me lor honour plunge into a war
Then lhalt thou fee that Marcus is not flow. Addifon,
Impotent ot mind and uncontroul d,
He plung'd into the gulph which heav’n foretold. Pope.
Plunge, n.f.
1. Adi of putting or finking under water.
2. Difficulty ; ftrait; diftrels.
She was weary of her life, fince fhe was brought to that
plunge; to conceal her hufband’s murder, or accule her fon.
Sidney, b. ii.
People, when put to a plunge, cry out to heaven for help,
without helping themfelves. L’Ejlrange.
Wilt thou behold me finking in my woes ?
And wilt thou not reach out a friendly arm,
To raife me from amidft this plunge of forrows ? Addifon.
He mull be a good man; a quality which Cicero and
Quindtilian are much at a plunge in alferting to the Greek
and Roman orators. Baker’s Reflections on Learning.
Plu'ngeon. n.f. [mergus, Lat.J A fea bird. Ainfl
Plu nger. n.J. [from plunge.J One that plunges ; a diver.
Plu'nket. n. f. A kind of blue colour. Ainfworth.
PLU RAL, adj. [pluralis, Lat.J
1. Implying more than one.
Thou hail no faith left now, unlefs thoud’fl two;
Better have none
Than plural faith, which is too much by one. Shakefp.
2. [In grammar.]
The Greek and Hebrew have two variations, one to fignify the number two, and another to fignify a number of more
than two ; under one variation the noun is faid to be of the
dual number, and under the other of the plural. Clarke.
Plu'ralist. n.f. [pluralifle, Fr. from plural.] One that
holds more ecdefialtical benefices than one with cure of fouls.
Ifthe pluralifls would do their bell to fupprefs curates, their
number might be fo retrenched, that they would not be in
the leail formidable. Collier on Pride.
Plurality, n.f. [pluralite, Fr.J
1. The flate of being or having a greater number.
It is not plurality of parts without majority of parts, that
maketh the total greater ; yet it feemeth to the eye a fhorter
diftance of way, if it be all dead and continued, than if it
have trees, whereby the eye may divide it. Bacon.
2. A number more than one.
Thofe hereticks had introduced a plurality of gods, and fo
made the profeflion of the unity part of the fymbolum, that
Ihould diferiminate the orthodox from them. Hammond.
They could forego plurality of wives, though that be the
main impediment to the converfion of the Eaft Indies. Bentl.
’Tis impoflible to conceive how any language can wantthis
variation of the noun, where the nature of its fignification is
fuch as to admit of plurality. Clarke’s Lat. Grammar.
3. More cures of fouls than one.
4. The greater number ; the majority.
Take the plurality of the world, and they are neither wife
nor good. L’Eflrange's Fables.
Plu rally, adv. [from plural.] In a fenfe implying more
than one.
Plush, n.f. [pelucbe, Fr.J A kind of villous or Ihaggy cloth;
fhag.
The bottom of it was fet againft a lining of plujh, and the
found was quite deaded, and but mere breath. Bacon.
The colour of plujh or velvet will appear varied, if you
ftroak part of it one way, and part of it another. Boyle.
I love to wear cloths that are flulh.
Not prefacing old rags with plujh. Cleaveland.
Plu'sher. n.f. A fea filh.
The pilchard is devoured by a bigger kind of filh called a
plujher, fomewhat like the dog-fifh, who leapeth above wa¬
ter, and therethrough bewrayeth them to the balker. Carew.
Pluvial. ) adj. from pluvia, Latin.] Rainy ; relating to
Plu'vious. 3 rain.
The fungous parcels about the wicks of candles only fignifieth a moift and pluvious air about them. Brown.
Plu'vial. n.f. [pluvial, Fr.] A piieft’s cope. Ainf.
To Ply. v. a. [plien, to work at any thing, old Dutch. Junius
and Skinner.]
1. To work on any thing clofely and importunately.
Thefavage raves, impatient of the wound,
The wound’s great author clofe at hand provokes
His rage, and plies him with redoubled ftrokes. Dryden.
The hero from afar
Plies him with darts and [tones; and diftant war. Dryden,
2. To employ with diligence ; to keep buly j to fet on work.
Her gentle wit Ihe plies
To teach them truth. Fairy Queen.
Keep houfe, and ply his book, welcome his friends,
Vifit his countrymen, and banquet them. Shakefp.
They their legs ply’d, not flaying
Until they reach’d the fatal champain. Hudibras.
He who exerts all the faculties of his foul, and plies all
means and opportunities in the fearch of truth, may reft upon
the judgment of his confcience fo informed, as a warrantable
guide. South’s Sermons.
The weary Trojans ply their fhatter’d oars
To neareft land. Dryden s Virgil.
I have plied my needle thefe fifty years, and by my good
will would never have it out of my hand. Spectator.
3. To pradtife diligently.
He fternly bad him other bufinefs ply. Spenfer.
Then commune how they beft may ply
Their growing work. Milton.
Their bloody talk, unweary’d ftill, they ply. Waller.
4. To folicit importunately.
He plies her hard, and much rain wears the marble. Sba,
He plies the duke at morning and at night.
And doth impeach the freedom of the ftate,
If they deny him juftice. Shakefp. Merck. of Venice.
Whofoever has any thing of David’s piety will be perpe¬
tually plying the throne of grace with fuch like acknowledg¬
ments : as, bleffed be that providence, which delivered me
from fuch a lewd company. South’s Sermons.
To Ply. v. n.
1. To work, or offer fervice.
He was forced to ply in the ftreets as a porter for his live¬
lihood. Addifon’s Spectator, N°- 94.
2. To go in hafte.
Thither he plies undaunted. Milton.
3. To bufy one’s felf.
A bird new-made about the banks fhe plies.
Not far from fhore, and fhort excurfions tries. Dryden.
4. [Flier, Fr.] To bend.
The willow plied and gave way to the guft, and ftill reco¬
vered itfelf again, but the oak was ftubborn, and chofe ra¬
ther to break than bend. L’Ejlrange.
Ply. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Bent; turn; form; call; biafs.
The late learners cannot fo well take the ply, except it be
in fome minds that have not fuffered themfelves to fix, but
have kept themfelves open and prepared to receive continual
amendment. Bacon’s Efface.
2. Plait ; fold.
The rug* or plies of the inward coat of the ftomach de¬
tain the alimentin the ftomach. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Ply'ers. n.f. See Pliers.
PnEUMa'tICAL. 7 r -1 \ r - ,
Pneumatick. \aJj' from ttvsv^x.]
1. Moved by wind ; relative to wind.
I fell upon the making ofpnewnatical trials, whereof I gave
an account in a book about the air. Boyle.
That the air near the furface of the earth will expand itfelf,
when the preffure of the incumbent atmofphere is taken off,
may be feen in the experiments made by Boyle in his pneu¬
matick engine. Locke’s Elements of Natural Philofophy.
The lemon uncorrupt with voyage long.
To vinous fpirits added.
They with pneumatick engine ceafelefs draw. Philips.
2. Confifting of fpirit or wind.
All folid bodies confift of parts pneumatical and tangible ;
thepneumatical fubftance being in fome bodies the native fpirit
of the body, and in fome other, plain air that is gotten in.
Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
The race of all things here is, to extenuate and turn things
to be more pneumatical and rare; and not to retrogade, from
pneumatical, to that which is denfe. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl.
Pneuma'ticks. n.f. [pneumatique, Fr. 7mu/*a.]
1. A branch of mechanicks, which confiders the dotftrine
of the air, or laws according to which that fluid is condenfed,
rarified or gravitates. Harris.
2. In the fchools, the dodtrine of fpiritual fubftances, as God,
angels and the fouls of men. Did.
Pneumato'logy. n.f. [Trvevp.ix.ToXo'yloc.] The do&rine of
fpiritual exiftence.
To POACH, v. a. [oeufls pochez, Fr.]
1. To boil flightly.
The yolks of eggs are fo well prepared for nourifliment,
that, fo they be poached or rare boiled, they need no other
preparation. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
2. To begin without completing: from the praftice of boilingeggs flightly. Not in ufe.
Of later times, they have rathfer poached and offered at a
number of enterprizes, than maintained any conftantly. Bacon.
3. [Packer, Fr. to pierce.] To ftab ; to pierce.
The flowk, foie and plaice follow the tide up into the
frefti rivers, where, at low water, the country people poach
them with an inftrument fomewhat like the falmon fpear. Car.
' 4. [From.
POE
4. [From poche, a pocket.] To plunder by Health.
So fhamelefs, fo abandoned are their ways.
They poach Parnaffus, and lay claim for praife. Garth.
To Poach, v. n. [from poche, a bag, Fr.J
I.To Heal game ; to carry off game privately in a bag.
In the fchools
They poach for fenfe, and hunt for idle rules. Oldham.
'2. To be damp. A cant word.
Chalky and clay lands burn in hot weather, chap in fummer, and poach in winter. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
Poa'chard. n.f A kind of water fowl.
Poa'cher. n.f. [from poach.'] One who Heals game.'
You old poachers have fuch a way with you, that all at
once the bufinefs is done. More's Foundling.
‘Poa'chiness. n.f. [from poachy.] Marfhinefs ; dampnefs.
A cant word.
The vallies becaufe ofthtpoachinefs they keep forgrafs. Mart.
Poa'chy. adj. Damp; marfhy. A cant word.
What uplands you defign for mowing, fhut up the begin¬
ning of February; but itrarfh lands lay not up till April, ex¬
cept your marfhes be very poachy. Mortimer's Hufhandry.
Pock. n.f. [from pox.] A puflule raifed by the fmallpox.
Pocket, n.f [pocca, Saxon; pocket, Fr.J The fmall bag
inferted info cloaths.
Here’s a letter
Found in the pocket of the Plain Roderigo. Shakefp.
WhilH one hand exalts the blow.
And on the earth extends the foe;
T’ other would take it wond’rous ill.
If in your pocket he lay Hill. Prior.
As he was feldom without medals in his pocket, he would
often fliew us the fame face on an old coin, that we faw in
the Hatue. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
To Poc'ket. v. a. [pocheter, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To put in the pocket.
Blefs’d paper-credit !
Gold, imp’d with this, can compafs hardeft things,
Can pocket Hates, or fetch or carry kings. Pope.
2. To Pocket up. A proverbial form that denotes the doing
or taking any thing clandeflinely.
If thy pocket were enriched with any other injuries but
v thefe, I am a villain; and yet you will Hand to it, you will
not pocket up wrongs. Shakefp. Henry IV.
He lays his claim t
To half the profit, half the fame, C
And helps to pocket up the game. Prior. )
Po'cketbook. n.f. [pocket and hook.] A paper book carried
in the pocket for haffy notes.
Licinius let out the offals of his meat to intereff, and
kept a regifler of fuch debtors in his pocketbook. Arbuthnot.
Note down the matters of doubt in fome pocketbook, and
take the firff opportunity to get them refolved. Watts.
Pocketglass. n.f. [pocket and glafs.] Portable lookingglafs.
Powders and pocketglafs, and beans. Prior,
And vanity with pocketglafs.
And impudence with front of brafs. Swift's Mifcel.
Po'ckhole. n.f [pock and hole.] Pit or fear made by the
fmallpox.
Are thefe but warts and pockholes in the face
O’ th’ earth ? Bonne.
Po'ckiness. n.f. [from pocky.] The Hate of being pocky.
Po'cky. n.f. adj. [from pox.] Infedted with the pox.
My father’s love lies thus in my bones ; I might have loved
all the pocky whores in Perfia, and have felt it lefs in my
bones. Denham's Sophy.
Pocu'lent. adj. [poculum, Lat.J Fit for drink.
Some of thefe herbs, which are not efculent, are notwithHanding poculent; as hops and broom. Bacon.
Pod. n.f. [bode, boede, Dutch, a little houfe. Skinner.J The
capfule of legumes ; the cafe of feeds.
To raife tulips, fave the feeds which are ripe, when the
the pods begin to open at the top, which cut off with the
Halles from the root, and keep the pods upright, that the feed
do not fall out. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Poda'grical. adj. [nQ$xy(>iKoq, noddy^oc; fiompodraga, Lat.J
1. Afflidfed with the gout.
From a magnetical activity muff be made out, that a loadflone, held in the hand of one that is podagrical, doth either
cure or give great eafe in the gout. Brown s Vulgar Errors.
2. Gouty ; relating to the gout.
Po'dder. n.f. [from pod.J A gatherer of peafecods, beans and
other pulfe. Bill!
Podge, n.f. a puddle ; a plafh. Skinner.
Po EM.^ n.J. [poema, Lat. orolrip.oc.] The work of a poet ; a
memcarcornpofition.
. A Poem is al°ne any work, or compofition of the poets
in many or few verfes; but even one alone verfe fometimes
makes a forfeit poem ^
The lady Anne of Braaigne, faffing through the pretence
of Dance, andI efpy.ng Charter, a famous pSet, fait aflecp,
killing him, laid, we mult honour the mouth whence fo many
golden poems have proceeded. Peacham on Poetry.
To you the promis’d poem I will pay. Dryden.
POE
Po'esy. n. f. [poefie, Fr. poefis, Lat. orolruris.]
1. The art of writing poems.
A poem is the work of the poet; poefy is his /kill or craft
of making; the very fiction itfelf, the reafon or form of the
. work. Benj. Joknfon.
How far have we
Prophan’d thy heav’nly gift of poefy ?
Made proftitute and profligate the mule,
Whofe harmony was firff ordain’d above
For tongues of angels. Dryden.
2. Poem ; metrical compofition ; poetry.
Mufick and poefy ufe to quicken you. Shakefp.
There is an hymn, for they have excellent poefy; the iubje<ff is always the praifes of Adam, Noah and Abraham,
concluding ever with a thankfgiving for the nativity of our
Saviour. Bacon's New Atlantas.
They apprehend a veritable hiffory in an emblem or piece
of chriffian poefy. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
3. A fhort conceit engraved on a ring or other thing.
A paltry ring, whofe poefy was.
For all the world like cutler’s poejy
' Upon a knife ; love me, and leave me not. Shakefp.
POET. n.f. [poete, Fr. poeta, Lat. 7roirflri(.] An inventor;
an author of fidtion; a writer of poems ; one who writes in
meafure.
The poet’s eye in a fine frenzy rowling.
Doth glance from heav’n to earth, from earth to heav’n ;
And, as imagination bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to fhape, and gives to ev’ry thing
A local habitation and a name. Shakefp.
Our poet ape, who would be thought the chief,
His works become the frippery of wit.
From brocage he is grown fo bold a thief.
While we the robb’d defpife, and pity it. B. Johnfon.
’Tis not vain or fabulous . What the fage poets taught by the heav’nly mufe
Story’d of old in high immortal verfe.
Of dire chimeras and enchanted ifles. Milton.
A poet is a maker, as the word fignifies; and he who can¬
not make, that is invent, hath his name for nothing. Drvden
POETASTER, n.f [Latin.] A vile petty poet.
Let nopoetajler command or intreat
Another extempore verfes to make. Beni TahnCnn
Begin not as th’ old poetajler did, J' J J
Troy’s famous war, and Priam’s fate I fing. Rofcommon.
Horace hath expofed thofe trifling poetajters, that fpend
themfelves in glaring defections, and fewing here and there
fome cloth of gold on their fackcloth. . pe/ton.
Poetess, n.f [fromp$et\ pmpoetria, Lat.J A fhe poet.
Poe'tical. I adj. [7r0tjhy.bg; poetise, Fr. poeticus, Lat.J ExPoe'tick. J preffed in poetry; pertaining to poetry; fuitable
to poetry.
Would the gods had made you poetical.
—I do not know whafpoetical is..
—The trueff poetry is moff feigning. Shakefp.
VVith courage guard, and beauty warm our age,
And lovers fill with like poetick rage. Waller.
The moral of that poetical fidfion, that the uppermoff link
of all the feries of fubordinate caufes is faffened to Jupiter’s
chair, fignifies that almighty God governs and diredls fubor¬
dinate caufes and effedfs.
Neither is it enough to give his author’s fenfe in good En»-
lifh, in poetical expreffipns and in mufical numbers. Dryden.
The mufe faw it upward rife.
Though mark’d by none but quick poetick eyes. Pope.
* I alone can infpire the poetical crowd. Swift
Poe tically. adv. [from poetical.] With the qualities of
poetry ; by the fidfion of poetry.
The criticks have concluded, that the manners of the he¬
roes are poetically good, if of apiece. Dryden.
I he many rocks, in the paffage between Greece and the
bottom of i'ontus, are poetically converted into thofe fiery
bulls. n 1.. j
To Poeti ZE. V. n. [poetjfer,Fr. from^f.J To write like a poet.
1 verfify the truth, not poetize. Bonne.
Virgil, fpeaking of 1 urnus and his great ffrength, thus
poetizes. Makewill.
Poe tress, n.f [from poetris, Lat. whence poetridas picas in
Perftus.] A fhe poet.
Moff peerlefs poetrefs,
The true Pandora of all heavenly graces. Spenfer.
Poe'try. n.f. [Troika ; from poet.]
1. Metrical compofition; the art or pradtice of writing poems.
Strike the beft invention dead,
Till baffled poetry hangs down the head. Cleaveland.
Although in poetry it be neceflarv that the qnities of time,
place and adtion fliould be explained, there is Hill fomething^
that gives a greatnefs of mind t,o the reader, which few of
the criticks have confidered. Addifon's Spefiatoty N“ 409.
2. Poems ; poetical pieces.
She taketh moff delight
In mufick, inftrumenfc and poetry. Shakefp.
^ Por'GNANcy.,
P O I
Poj'gnancy. n.f [from poignant.]
1. The power of ftimulating the palate; fharpnefs.
I fat quietly down at my morfel, adding only a principle
of hatred to all fucceeding meafures by way of fauce ; and
one point of conduct in the dutchefs’s life added much poig¬
nancy to it. Swift.
2. The power of irritation ; afperity.
POPGNANT. adj. [poignant, Fr.]
1. Sharp; Simulating the palate.
No poignant fauce fhe knew, nor coftly treat.
Her hunger gave a relifh to her meat. Dryden.
T he ftudious man, whole will was never determined to
poignant fauces and delicious wine, is, by hunger and thirft,
determined to eating and drinking. Locke.
2. Severe; piercing; painful.
If God makes ule of fome poignant difgrace to let out the
poifonous vapour, is not the mercy greater than the feverity
of the cure ? South's Sermons.
Full three long hours his tender body did fuftain
Moft exquifite and poignant pain. Norris's Mifcel
3. Irritating; fatirical ; keen.
POIN r. n. J. [point?, joint, French.]
I. I he fharp end of any inftrument.
The thorny point
Of bare diftrefs hath ta’en from me the fhew
Of fmooth fidelity. Shakefp. As You like it.
That bright beam, whofe point now raid’d.
Bore him dope downward. Milton.
A pyramid reverfed may Sand for a while upon its point,
if balanced by admirable (kill. Temple's Mifcellanies.
Doubts if he. wielded not a wooden fpear
\\ ithout a point; he look’d, the point was there. Dryden.
2- A firing with a tag.
If your fon have not the day.
For a filken point I’ll give my baronry. Shakefp.
He hath ribbands of all colours; points more than all the
lawyers can learnedly handle. Shakefpeare.
I am rcfolved on two points ;
That if one break, the other will hold;
Or if both break, your galkins fall. Shakefp.
King James was wont toYay, that the duke of Buckingham
had given him a groom ot his bed-chamber, who could not
trufs his points. Clarendon.
3. Headland ; promontory.
I don’t fee why Virgil has given the epithet of Alta to Prochita, which is much lower than Ifchia, and all the points of
land that lie within its neighbourhood. AddiJ'on.
4. A fling of an epigram; a fentence terminated with l'ome
remarkable turn of words or thought.
He taxes Lucan, who crouded fentences together, and was
too full of points. Dryden on Heroick Plays.
Studious to pleafe the genius of the times.
With periods, points and tropes he flurs his crimes ;
He robb’d not, but he borrow’d from the poor. Dryden.
Times corrupt, and nature ill inclin’d,
Produc’d the point that left a fiing behind. Pope.
5. An indivifible part of fpace.
We fometimes fpeak of fpace, or do fuppofe a point in it
at fuch a difiance from any part of the univerfe. Locke.
6. An indivifible part of time ; a moment.
Then neither from eternity before,
Nor from the time, when time’s firfi point begun,
Made he all fouls. Davies.
7. A fmall fpace.
On one fmall point of land,
Weary’d, uncertain and amaz’d, we ftand. Prior.
8. Pundlilio; nicety.
Shalt thou difpute
With God the points of liberty, who made
Thee what thou art. Milton's Par. Lojl, h. v.
9‘ Part required of time or fpace; critical moment; exact
place.
How oft, when men are at the point of death.
Have they been merry ? which their keepers call
A lightning before death. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Elau faid, behold I am at the point to die; and what profit
fhall this birthright do ? Gen. xxv. 32.
Democritus, lpent with age, and juft at the point of death,
called for loaves of new bread, and with the fiearn under his
nofe, prolonged his life till a feaft was paft. Temple.
They follow nature in their defires, carrying them no far¬
ther than fhe directs, and leaving off at the point, at which
excefs would grow troublefome. Atterbury's Sermons.
10. Degree; ftate.
The higheft point outward things can bring one unto, is
the contentment of the mind, with which no eftate is milerable. * Sidney, b. i.
In a commonwealth, the wealth of the country is fo equally
diftributed, that moft of the community are at their eafe,
though few are placed in extraordinary points of fplendor.
Addifon on the State of the War.
11. Note of diftinction in writing; a ftop.
12. A fpot; a part of a furfacc divided by fpots ; divifion by
P O I
marks, into which any thing is diftinguifhed in a circle or
other plane: as, at tables the ace or file point.
13. One of the degrees into which the circumference of the
horizon, and the mariner’s compafs is divided.
Carve out dials point by point,
Thereby to fee the minutes how they run. Shakefp.
There arofe ftrong winds from the South, with a point
eaft, which carried us up. Bacon's New Atlantis.
A feaman, coming before the judges of the admiralty for
admittance into an office of a fliip, was by one of the judges
much flighted ; the judge telling him, that he believed he
could not fay the points of his compafs. Bacons
Vapours fir’d fhew the mariner
From what point of his compafs to beware
Impetuous winds. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. iv.
If you tempt her, the wind of fortune
May come about, and take anotherpoint)
And blaft your glories. Denham.
At certain periods ftars refume their place,
From the fame point of heav’n their courfe advance. Dryd.
14. Particular place to which any thing is directed.
Eaft and Weft are but refpedfive and mutable points, ac¬
cording unto different longitudes or diftant parts of habita¬
tion. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Let the part, which produces another part, be more ftrong
than that which it produces ; and let the whole be feen by
one point of fight. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
The poet intended to fet the character of Arete in a fair
point of light. Brooms
15. Refpedt; regard.
A figure like your father.
Arm’d at all points exactly cap-a-pe.
Appears before them. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
A war upon the Turk is more worthy than upon any other
Gentiles, in point of religion and in point of honour. Bacon,
He had a moment’s right in point of time;
Had I feen firft, then his had been the crime. Dryden.
With the hiftory of Mofes, no book in the world in point
of antiquity can contend. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Men would often fee, what a fmall pittance ofreafon is mixed
with thofe huffing opinions they are fwelled with, with which
they are (o armed at all points, and with which they fo con¬
fidently lay about them. Locke.
I have extradfed out of that pamphlet a few of thofe no¬
torious falfehoods, in point of fadt and reafoning. Swift.
lb. An aim ; the adt of aiming or ftriking.
What a point your falcon made.
And what a pitch fhe flew above the reft. Shakefp.
17. The particular thing required.
You gain your point, if your induftrious art
Can make unufual words eafy. Rofeommon:
There is no creature fo contemptible, but, by refolution,
may gain his point. L'EJlrange.
18. Particular; inftance; example.
I’ll hear him his confeffions juftify.
And point by point the treafons of his mafter
He fhall again relate. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Thou fhalt be as free
As mountain winds ; but then exadfly do
All points of my command. Shakefp. Timpeft.
His majefty fhould make a peace, or turn the war diredtly upon fuch points, as may engage the nation in the fupPort of it. _ Temple.
* He warn’d in dreams, his murder did foretel,
From point to point, as after it befel. Dryden.
This letter is, in every point, an admirable pattern of the
prefent polite way of writing. Swift.
19. A Angle pofition; a Angle aflertion ; a fingle part of a
complicated queftion ; a fingle part of any whole.
Another vows the fame ;
A third t’ a point more near the matter draws. Daniel.
Strange point and new !
Dodtrine which would know whence learn’d. Milton.
Stanilaus endeavours to eftablifhthe duodecuple proportion,
by comparing feripture together with Jofephus : but they will
hardly prove his point. Arbuthnot on Coins.
There is no point wherein I have fo much laboured, as that
of improving and polifhing all parts of converfation between
perfons of quality. Swift,
The glofs produceth inftances that are neither pertinent,
nor prove the point. Baker s Refed?ions on Learning.
20. A note ; a tune.
You, my lord archbifhop,
Whofe white inveftments figure innocence.
Wherefore do you fo ill tranflate yourfelf
Into the harfh and boift’rous tongue of war ?
Turning your tongue divine
,, tT5it’ anda?°'Wof war. Sbahfp.
TfTfZas> an arrow is t*-
n Wl11 .car/7 aJitter twenty mile, as'eafy as a can¬
non will fhoot pointblank twelve fcorc. Shakefp.
*9 Z
P O I
The other level pointblarik at the inventing of caufes anti
axioms. Bacon.
Unlefs it be the cannon ball,
That fhot i’fh’airpointblank upright,
Was born to that prodigious height.
That learn’d philofophers maintain,
It ne’er came back. Hudibras, p. ii.
The faculties that were given us for the glory of our matter,
are turned pointblank againit the intention of them-. L'Fflr.
Eftius declares, that although all the fchoolmen were for
Latria to be given to the crofs, yet that it is pointblank againit
the definition of the council of Nice. Stiliingflcet.
23. Point de vife ; exadt or exabtly in the point of view.
Every thing about you fhould demonltrate a carelefs defolation ; but you are rather point de vife in your accoutrements,
as loving yourfelf, than the lover of another. Sbakefp.
I will baffle Sir Toby, I will walh off grofs acquaintance,
I will be point de vife the very man. Sbakefp.
Men’s behaviour Ihould be like their apparel, not too
ftraight or point de vife, but free for exercife. Bacon.
To Point, v. a. [from the noun.]
I; To fharpen ; to forge or grind to a point.
The princes of Germany had but a dull fear of the greatnefs of Spain ; now that fear is fharpened and pointed, by
the Spaniards late enterprizes upon the Palatinate. Bacon.
Part-new grind the blunted ax, and point the dart. Dryd.
What help will all my heav’nly friends afford,
When to my bread: I lift the pointed fword. Dryden.
The two pinnae (land upon either fide, like the wings in
the petafus of a Mercury, but rife much higher, and are
more pointed. Addifon on Italy.
Some on pointed wood
Transfix’d the fragments, fome prepar’d the food. Pope.
2.To diredt towards an object, by way of forcing it on the
notice.
Alas to make me
A fixed figure, for the hand of fcorn
To point his How unmeaning finger at. Sbakefp. Othello.
Mount Herrnon, younder fea, each place behold
As I point. Milton.
3. To diredt the eye or notice.
Whofoever fhould be guided through his battles by Mi¬
nerva, and piinted to every fcene of them, would fee nothing
but fubjedts of lurprize. Pope.
4. To (how as by diredting the finger.
From the great fea, you fhall point out for you mount Hor.
Numb, xxxiv. 7.
It will become us, as rational creatures, to follow the diredtion of nature, where it feems topoint us out the way. Locke.
I fhall do juftice to thofe who have diftinguifhed themfelves in learning, and point out their beauties. Addifon.
Is not the elder
By nafure pointed out for preference ? Rowe.
5. [Pointer, Fr.] To diredt towards a place : as, the cannon
were pointed againfl the fort.
6. To diftinguifh by flops or points.
To Point, v. n.
1. To note with the finger; to force upon the notice, by di¬
redting the finger towards it. With at commonly, fometimes
to before the thing indigitated.
Now mud the world point at poor Catharine,
And fay, lo ! there is mad Petruchio’s wife. Sbakefp.
Sometimes wTe ufe one finger only, as in pointing at any
thing. Ray on the Creation.
Who fortune’s fault upon the poor can thrown
Point at the tatter’d coat and ragged flioe.
Roufe up for fhame! our brothers of Pharfalia
Point at their wounds, and cry aloud to battle.
2. To diftinguifh words or fentences by points.
Fond the Jews are of their method of pointing.
3. To indicate as dogs do to fportfmen.
The fubtle dog fcow’rs with fagacious nofe,
Now the warm fcent affures the covey near.
He treads with caution, and he points with fear. Gay.
4. Tofhow.
To point at what time the balance of power was mod
equally held between their lords and commons in Rome,
would perhaps admit a controverfy. Swift.
Pointed, adj. or participle, [from point.1
1. Sharp ; having a a fharp point or pic.
Who now reads Cowley ? if he pleafes, yet
His moral pleafes, not his pointed wit; Pope.
A pointed flinty rock, all bare and black,
Grew gibbous from behind. Dryden.
2. Epigrammatical; abounding in conceits.
Poi nte.dly.. adv. [from pointed.] In a pointed manner.
I lie copioufnefs of his wit was luch, that he often writ
too pointedly for his lubject. Dryden.
Poi'ntedness. n.f [from pointed.]
I. Sharpnefs; pickcdnefs with afperity.
The vicious language is vaft and gaping, fwelling and ir¬
regular ; when it contends to be high, full of rock, moun¬
tain and pointednefs. Benj. fohnfon's Difcovcry.
Dryden.
Addifon.
Forbes.
P O I
9
2.Epigrammatical fmartnefs..
Like Horace, you only expofethe follies of men ; and in
this excel him, that you add pointednefs of thought. Dryden.
P ointel. n. [. Any thing on a point.
Thefe poifes or pointels are, for the molt part, little balls,
fet at the top of a {lender ftalk, which they can move every
way at pleafure. Derkam's Phyfico-Tbeology.
Poi'nter. n.f [from point.]
1. Any thing that points.
I ought to tell him what are the wheels, fprings, pointer,
hammer and bell whereby a clock gives notice of the time.
IVatts.
2. A dog that points out the game to fportfmen.
The well taught pointer leads the way.
The fcent grows warm ; he flops, he fprings his prey. Gay.
Poi'ntingstock. n.f [pointing flock.] Something made
the objedt of ridicule.
I, his forlorn dutchefs,
Was made a wonder and a pointingftock
To every idle rafeal follower. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
Poi'ntless. adj. [from point.] Blunt; not fharp ; obtufe.
Lay thatpointlej's clergy-weapon by,
And to the laws, your fword of juftice, fly. Dryden.
POISON, n.f. [poifon, Fr.] That which deftroys or injures
life by a fmall quantity, and by means not obvious to the
fenfes ; venom.
The tongue is an unruly evil, full of deadlypoifon. fa.
Themfelves were firft to do the ill.
E’er they thereof the knowledge could attain ;
Like him that knew not poifons power to kill,
Until, by tailing it, himfelf was flain. Davies.
One gives another a cup of poifon, but at the fame time
tells him it is a cordial, and lb he drinks it off and dies. South.
To Poi'son. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To infedt with poifon.
Envy is a lawlefs enemy, againfl: whom poifoned arrows
may be ufed. Anonymous.
2. To attack, injure or' kill by poifon given.
He was fo difeouraged, that he poifoned himfelf and died.
2 Mac. x. 13.
Drink with Walters, or with Chartres eat;
They’ll never poifon you, they’ll only cheat.
3. To corrupt; to taint.
The other meffenger,
Whofe welcome I perceiv’d, had poifon d mine.
Haft thou not
With thy falfe arts poifon'd his people’s loyalty ? Rowe.
Poi'son-tree. n.f. [toxicodendron.] A plant. The flower
confifts of five leaves, which are placed orbicularly, and ex¬
pand in form of a rofe, out of whofe flower cup rifes the
pointal, which afterwards becomes a roundifh, dry, and for
the moft part a furrowed fruit, in which is contained one
compreffed feed. Miller.
Poi'soner. n.f [from poifon.']
1. One who poilons.
I muft be the poifoner
Of good Polixenes. Sbakefp.
So many mifehiefs were in one combin’d ;
So much one Angle pois'ner coft mankind. Dryden.
2. A corrupter.
Wretches who live upon other men’s fins, the common
poifoners of youth, getting their very bread by the damnation
of fouls. South's Sermons.
Poisonous. adj. [from poifon.] Venomous; having the qua¬
lities of poifon.
Thofe cold ways,
That feem like prudent helps, are very poifonous.
Where the difeafe is violent. Shakejp. Coriolanus.
Not firius fhoots a fiercer flame.
When with \hs pois'nous breath he blafts the fky. Dryden.
A lake, that has no frefh water running into it, will, by
heat and its ftagnation, turn into a blinking rotten puddle,
fending forth naufeous and poifonous fleams. Cheyne.
PoFsonously. adv. [from poifonous.] Venomoufly.
Men more eafily pardon ill things done, than ill things
laid ; fuch a peculiar rancour and venom do they leave be¬
hind in men’s minds, and fo much more poifonoufy and incu¬
rably does the ferpent bite with his tongue than his teeth.
South's Se' mons.
Poisonousness. n.f. [from poifonous.] The quality of being
poifonous ; venomoufnefs.
Poitrel. n.f [poidirel, poitrine, Fr. pettsrale, Italian; pefforale, Lat.]
1. Armour for the breaft of a horfe. Skinner.
2. A graving tool. Ainfworth.
Poize, n.f. [poids, French.]
1. Weight; force of any thing tending to the Genter.
He fell, as an huge rockie clift,
Whofe falfe foundation, waves have wafli’d away
With dreadful poize, is from the main land reft. F. Hfyeen.
When I have fuit,
It fhall be full of poize and difficulty,
And fearful to be granted. Sl.akcfp, Othello.
2. Balance ;
Pope.
Sbakefp.
POL
2. Balance ; equipoize; equilibrium.
To do’t at peril of your foul.
Were equal pohoe of lin and chanty.
Where an equal poize of hope and fear
Does arbitrate th’ event, my nature is
That I incline to hope.
The particles that formed the earth, mull convene from all 3
quarters towards the middle, which would make the whole
Dryden.
Dryden.
compound to reft in a poize. Bentley's Sermons
’Tis odd to fee fluctuation in opinion fo earneftly charged
upon Luther, by fuch as have lived half their days in a poize
between two churches. Atterhury.
A regulating power.
Men of an unbounded imagination often want the poize of
judgment. Dryden.
To Poize, v. a. [pefer, French.]
1. To balance ; to hold or place in eqqiponderance.
How nice to couch ? how all her fpeeches poized be:
A nymph thus turn’d, but mended in translation. Sidney.
As the lands
Of Barca or Cyrene’s torrid foil,
Levy’d to fide with warring winds, and poize
Their lighter wings. Milton's Par. Loft, b. ii.
Nor yet was earth fufpended in the fky.
Nor poiz'd did on her own foundation lie.
Our nation with united int’reft bleft,
Not now content to poize, {hall fway the reft.
Where could they find another form’d fo fit,
’To poize with folid fenfe a fprightly wit!
Th’ all-perfedt mind
That poiz'd, impels and rules the fteady whole. Tbomfon.
2. To be equiponderant to.
If the balance of our lives had not one fcale of reafon to
poize another of fenfuality, the bafenefs of our natures would
conduCt us to prepofterous conclufions. Sbakefp. Othello.
3. To weigh.
We poizing us in her defective fcale
Shall weigh thee to the beam. Shakefpeare.
He cannot fincerely confider the ftrength, poize the weight
and difeern the evidence of the cleareft argumentations, where
they would conclude againft his defires. South's Sermons.
4. To opprefs with weight.
I’ll ftrive, with troubl’d thoughts, to take a nap.
Left leaden Humber poize me down to-morrow.
When I fhould mount with wings of victory. Shakefp.
POKE. n.f [pocca, Sax. poche,¥r.j A pocket; a fmall
bag.
I will not buy a pig in a poke.
She fuddenly unties the poke,
Which out of it fent fuch a fmoke,
As ready was them all to choke.
So grievous was the pother.
My correfpondent writes againft mafter’s gowns and poke
fleeves. Spectator, N° 619.
To Poke. v. a. [po'ka, Swedifh.] To feel in the dark; to
fearch any thing with a long inftrument.
If thefe prefumed eyes be clipped off, they will make ufe
of their protrufions or horns, and poke out their way as
before. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
Poker, n.f [frompoke.~\ The iron bar with which men ftir
the fire.
With poker fiery red
Crack the ftones, and melt the lead. Swift.
if the poker be out of the way, ftir the fire with the
tongs. Sivift's Rules to Servants.
Po'lar. adj. [polaire,¥r. from pole.] Found near the pole;
lying near the pole ; iftuing from the pole.
As when two polar winds, blowing adverfe
Upon the Cronian fea, together drive
Mountains of ice. " Milton's Par. Loft. b. x.
I doubt
If any fuffer on the polar coaft,
The rage of ArCtos, and eternal froft. Prior.
Pola'RITY. n.f. [from polar.Tendency to the pole.
This polarity from refrigeration, upon extremity and defcCI
of a loadftone, might touch a needle any where. Brown.
Po'LARY. adj. [polaris, Lat.] Tending to the pole; having a
direClion toward the poles.
Irons, heated red hot, and cooled m the meridian from
North to South, contraCt a polary power. Brown.
POLE. n.f. [polus, Lat. po’e, Fr.]
j. The extremity of the axis of the earth ; either of the points
on which the world turns.
From the centre thrice to the utmoftpole. Milton.
From pole to pole
The forky lightnings flafti, the roaring thunders roll. Dry.
2. [Pole, Sax. pal, pau, Fr. palo, Italian and Spanifh ; pains,
Lat.] A long ftaff.
A long pole, ftruck upon gravel in the bottom of the wa¬
ter, maketh a found. Bacons Nat. liftory.
If after fome diftinguifh’d leap.
He drops his pole, and feems to flip ;
2
POL
Straight gath’ring all his aCUve ftrength,
He riles higher. Prior.
Shakefp. He ordered to arm long poles with fharp hooks, wherewith
they took hold of the tackling which held the mainyard to the
mall, then rowing the (hip, they cut the tackling, and brought
Milton. the mainyard by the board. Arbuthnot on Coins.
A tall piece of timber ereCted.
Wither'd is the garland of the war.
The foldier’s pole is fall’ll. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Live to be the lhow and gaze o’ th’ time,
We’ll have thee as our rarer monfters are
Painted upon a pole, and underwrjt,
Here may you fee the tyrant. Shakefp.
\. A meafure of length containing five yards and a half.
This ordinance of tithing them by the pole is not only fit
for the gentlemen, but alfo the noblemen. Spenfer.
Every pole fquare of mud, twelve inches deep, is worth
fix pence a pole to fling out. Mortimer's Hufbundry.
5. An inftrument of meafuring.
A peer of the realm and a cpunfellor of ftate are not to be
mealured by the common yard, but by the pole of fpecial
grace. Bacon.
To Pole. v. a. [from the noun.] To furnifh with poles.
Begin not to pole your hops. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Dryden. Poleaxe, n.f. [pole and axe.] An axe fixed to a long pole.
To beat religion into the brains with a poleaxe, is to offer
victims of human blood. Howel's England's Lears.
One hung a poleaxe at his fiddle bow.
And one a heavy mace to ftun the foe. Dryden.
Polecat, n- ft [Pole or Polijh cat, becaufe they abound in
Poland.] The fitchew ; a ftinking animal.
Polecats ? there are fairer things than polecats. Shakefp.
Out of my door, you witch ! you hag, you polecat ! out,
out, out; I’ll conjure you. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
She, at a pin in the wall, hung like a polecat in a warren,
to amufe them. L'Ejlrange.
How fhould he, harmlefs youth,
Who kill’d but polecats, learn to murder men. Gay.
PolledA vies. n.f. A fort of coarfe cloth. Ainfworth.
Pole'mick!' \adv [fokepmog.] Controverfial; difputative.
I have had but little refpite from thefe polemical exercifes,
and, notwithstanding all the rage and malice of the adverfaries of our church, I fit down contented. Stillingfleet.
The nullity of this diftindtion has been folidly fliewn by
moftof our polemick writers of the proteftant church. South.
The belt method to be ufed with thefe polemical ladies, is
to Shew them the ridiculous fide of their caufe. Addifon.
Polemick. n.f. Difputant; controvertift.
Each {launch polemick ftubborn as a rock,
Came whip and fpur. Dunciad, b. iv.
Pole'moscope. n.f. [TroXt^Q^ and Qccaric<).] In opticks, is
a kind of crooked or oblique perfpedtive glafs, contrived for
feeing objedis that do not lie diredtly before the eye. Did.
Po'lestar. n.f. [pole andJiar.~\
1. A ftar near the pole, by which navigators compute their nor¬
thern latitude ; cynofure ; lodeftftf.
If a pilot at fea cannot fee the polejlar, let him fleer his
courfe by fuch ftars as belt appear to him. King Charles.
I was failing in a vaft ocean without other help than the
polejlar of the ancients. Dryden.
Any guide or director,
Camden's Remains.
Drayton's Nym '-hid.
2.
Po'ley-mountain. n.f [polium, Lat.] A plant.
The poley -mountain hath a labiated flower, confifting of one
leaf, whofe ftamina fupply the place of a crefl; the beard is
divided into -five fegments as the germander ; out of the flower
cup rifes the point^, attended., as it were, by four embryos,
which afterward become fo many feeds ftiut up in the flower
cup : the flowers are colledted into an head upon the top of
the {talks and branches. Miller.
POLICE, n.f. [French.] The regulation and government
of a city or country, fo far as regards the inhabitants.
Policed, adj. [from police.] Regulated; formed into a regu¬
lar courfe of adminiftration.
Where there is a kingdom altogether unable or indign to
govern, it is a juft caufe of war for another nation, that is
civil or policed, to fubdue them. Bacon's Holy War.
Po'licy. n.f [iroXirEoi; politia, Lat.]
1. The art of government, chiefly with refpedt to foreign
powers.
2. Art; prudence ; management of affairs ; ftratagem.
The policy of that purpofe is made more in the marriage,
than the love of the parties. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
If it be honour in your wars to feem
The fame you are not, which for your heft ends
You call your policy ; how is’t lefs or worfe.
But it {hall hold companionlhip in peace
Wi*J’°"our “ Six,Mf. Cmelmm.
If Ihe be curft, it is for policy.
For {he’s not froward, but modeft. Shakefp.
I he heft rule of policy, is to prefer the doing of juftice
before all enjoyments. King Charles.
The
POL
The wifdom of this world is fometimes taken in fcripture
for policy, and conffts in a certain dexterity of managing buiinefs for a man’s fecular advantage. South s Sermons.
3.[Policy Spanifh.] A warrant for money in the pubhck
funds. ,
To PO'LISH. v. a. [polio, Lat. polir, Fr.]
1. To fmooth •, to brighten by attrition ; to glofs:
He fetteth to finifh his work, and polijheth it perfidy. Eccl.
Pygmalion, with fatal art,
Polif’d the form that ftung his heart • Cranvil.
2. To make elegant of manners.
Studious they appear
Of arts that polijh life, inventors rare. Milton.
Bid foft fcience polijh Britain’s heroes. _ Irene.
To Polish, o. n. To anfwer to the aft of polifhing; to re¬
ceive a glofs.
It is reported by the ancients, that there was a kind of fteel,
which would polijh almoftas white and bright asfilver. Bacon.
Po lish, n.f [poll, polijfure, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Artificial glofs; brightness given by attrition.
Not to mention what a huge column of granite coft in the
quarry, only confider the great difficulty of hewing it into
any form, and of giving it the due turn, proportion and
Qolijh' Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
Another prifm of clearer glafs and better polijh feemed free
from veins. Newton’s Opticks.
2. Elegance of manners.
What are thefe wond’rous civilifmg arts.
This Roman polijh, and this fmooth behaviour.
That render man thus traftable and tame ?' Addifon r Cato.
Po'lishable. adj. [from polif.) Capable of being polilhed.
Po'lisher. n. f. [from polif.The perfon or inftrument that
gives a glofs.
I confider an human foul without education, like marble in
the quarry, which fhews none of its inherent beauties, till
the {kill of the polifer fetches out the colours. Addijon.
POLITE, adj. [politus, Latin.]
1. GlofTy ; fmooth.
Some of them are diaphanous, fhining and polite-, others
not polite, but as if powder’d over with fine iron duff. JVoodw.
If any fort of rays, falling on the polite furface of any pel¬
lucid medium, be reflefted back, the fits of e'afy reflexion,
which they have at the point of reflexion, fhall fill continue
to return. Ne-wton s Opticks.
The edges of the fand holes, being worn away, there aie
left all over the glafs a numberlefs company of very little
convex polite riflings like waves. Newton s Opticks.
2. Elegant of manners.
A nymph of quality admires our knight,
He marries, bows at court, and grows polite. Pope.
Poli'tely. adv. [from polite.] With elegance of manners ;
genteely.
Politeness, n.f. [politeffe, Fr. from polite.] Elegance of
manners ; gentility ; good breeding.
I have feen the dulleft men aiming at wit, and others, with
as little pretenfions, affecting politenefs in manners and difcourfe. ^ Swift.
Poli'tical. adj. [ttoAiLjco?.]
1. Relating to politicks ; relating to the adminiftration of publick affairs.
More true political wifdom may be learned from this fingle
book of proverbs, than from a thoufand Machiavel. Rogers.
2. Cunning; fkilful.
Politically, adv. [frompolitical.]
1. With relation to publick adminiftration.
2. Artfully ; politickly. _ .
The Turks politically mingled certain Janizaries, harquebufiers with their horlemen. _ Knolles's Hijlory of the Turks.
Politica^ster. n.f. A petty ignorant pretender to politicks.
There are quacks of all forts; as bullies, pedants, hypo¬
crites, empiricks, law-jobbers and politicajlers. L EJlrange.
Polii PciAN. n.f. [politicien, Fr.] _
1. One verfed in the arts of government; one fkilled in politicks.
Get thee glafs eyes,
And, like a fcurvypolitician, feem
To fee things thou doft not. Shakefp. King Lear.
And’t be any way, it muft be with valour; for policy I
hate : I had as lief be a Brownift as a politician. Shakefpeare.
Although I may feem lefs a politician to men, yet I need no
fecret diftir.ftions nor evafions before God. King Charles.
While emp’rick politicians ufe deceit,
Hide what they give, and cure but by a cheat.
You boldly {how that (kill, which they pretend,
And work by means as noble as your end. Dryden.
Coffee, which makes the politician wife.
And fee through all things with his half-fhut eyes,
Sent up in vapours to the baron’s brain
New ftratagems, the radiant lock to gain. Pope.
2. A man of artifice ; one of deep contrivance.
Your ill-meaning politician lords,
Under pretence of bridal friends and gucfts,
Appointed to await me thirty fpies. Milton.
POL
If a man fucceeds in any attempt, though undertook with
never fo much rafhnefs, his fuccefs fhall vouch him ai politi¬
cian, and good luck fhall pafs for deep contrivance; for give
any one fortune, and he fhall be thought a Wife man. South.
POLITICK, adj. [jroAiWf.] ,. . A .
1. Political; civil. In this fenfe political is almoft always ufed,
except in the phrafe body politick. . #
Virtuoufly and wifely acknowledging, that he with his
people made all but one politick body, whereof himfelf was
the head ; even fo cared for them as he would for his own
limbs. , Sidney, b. ii.
No civil or politick conftitutions have been more celebrated
than his by the beft authors. Temple.
2. Prudent; verfed in affairs.
This land was famoufly enrich’d
With politick grave counfel; then the king
Had virtuous uncles. Shakefp. Richard III.
o Artful; cunning. In this fenfe political is not ufed.
I have trod a meafure ; I have flatter’d a lady ; I have been
politick with my friend, fmooth with mine enemy. Shakefp.
r Authority followeth old men, and favour youth ; but for
the moral part, perhaps youth will have the prehemiuence,
as age hath for the politick. Bacon.
No lefs alike tha politick and wife,
All fly flow things, with circumfpeftive eyes;
Men in their loofe unguarded hours they take. _ Pope.
Po litickly. adv. [frompolitick.^ Artfully; cunningly.
Thus have I politickly begun my reign,
And ’tis my hope to end fuccefsfully. Shakefp.
’Tis politickly done,
To fend me packing with an hoft of men. . Shakefp.
The dutchefs hath been moft politickly employed in fharpening thofe arms with which {he tubdued^ you. Pope.
Po'li itcks. n.f. [politique, Fr. 7roX»li)oi.] The fcience of
government; the art or practice ol adminiftring publick af¬
fairs.
Be pleas’d your politicks to fpare, 1
I’m old enough, and can myielf take care. Dryden.
It would be an everlafting reproach to politicks, fhould fuch
men overturn an eftablifhment formed by the wileft laws, and
lupported by the ableft heads. Addifon.
Of crooked counfels and dark politicks. _ Pope.
PoTiture. n.J. [pohture, Fr.] T. he glofs given by the aft
of polifhing.
PO'LITY. n.f. [ttoXitAx.] A form of government; civil
conftitution. , Becaufe the fubjeft, which thfs pofition concerneth, is a
form of church government or church polity, it behoveth us
to confider the nature of the church, as is requilite for men’s
more clear and plain underftanding, in what refpeft laws of
polity or government are neceffary thereunto. Hooker.
The polity of fome of our neighbours hath not thought it
beneath the publick care, to promote and reward the improve¬
ment of their own language. Locke on Education.
POLL, n.f {policy poly Dutch, the top.]
1. The head.
Look if the withered elder hath not his poll claw’d like a
parrot. Shakefp. Henry IY. p. 11.
2. A catalogue or lift of perfons ; a regifter of heads.
Have you a catalogue
Of all the voices that we have procur’d,
Set down by th’ poll. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
The mufter fie, rotten and found, amounts not to ffteen
thoufand poll. Shakefpeare.
3. A fiflh called generally a chub. A chevin.
To Poll. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To lop the top of trees.
The oft cutting and polling of hedges conduces much to
their lading. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
May thy woods oft poll'd yet ever w’ear
A green, and, when lhe lift, a golden hair. Donne.
2. In this fenfe is ufed polled{heep.
Polled ftieep, that is {heep without horns, are reckoned the
beft breeders, becaufe the ewes yean the polled lamb with the
leaft danger. Mortimer’s Hufandry.
3. To pull off hair from the head ; to clip flhort; to {hear.
Neither fhall they {have, only poll their heads. Ezekiel.
4. To mow; to crop.
He’ll go and fowle the porter of Rome gates by th’ ears:
he will mow down all before him, and leave his paffage
. poll’d. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
5. To plunder; to ftrip ; to pill.
They will poll and fpoil fo outrageoufly, as the very enemy
cannot do much worfe. Spenfer on Ireland.
Take and exaft upon them the wild exaftions, coignie, li¬
very and forehon, by which they poll and utterly undo the
poor tenants. SPenfer on lreland\
He told the people, that fubfdies were not to be granted
nor levied for wars in Scotland ; for that the law had pro¬
vided another courfe by fervice of efeuage, much lefs when
war was made but a pretence to poll and pill the people. Bacon.
Neither
4
POL
Neither can juftice yield her fruit with fweetnefs, dmongft
the briars and brambles of catching and polling clerks and
miniftcrs. Bacon.
4. To take a lift or regifter of perfons.
5. To enter one’s name in a lift or regifter.
Who ever brought to his rich daughter’s bed,
The man that polled but twelve pence for his head ? Dryd.
6. To infert into a number as a voter.
In folemn conclave fit, devoid of thought*
And poll for points of faith his trufty Vote. 'Tickell.
Pollard, n.f. [from poll.]
1. A tree lopped.
Nothing procureth the lafting of trees fo much as often
cutting; and we fee all overgrown trees arz pollards or dottards, and not trees at their full height. Bacon.
2. A clipped coin.
The fame king called in certain counterfeit pieces coined by
the trench, called pollards, Crocars and rofaries. Camden.
3. ft he chub fifh. Ainfworth.
Po'llen. n. f. A fine powder, commonly underftood by the
word farina ; as alfo a fort of fine bran. Bailey.
Po'llenger. n.f. Brufhwood. This feems to be the mean¬
ing of this obfolete word.
Lop for thy fewel old po'llenger thrown,
That hinder the corne or the grafle to be mown. Tuffer.
Poller, n f. [from poll.]
1. Robber; pillager; plunderer.
The poller and exadler of feesjuftifies the refemblance of
the courts of juftice to the bufh, whereunto while the fiheep
flies for defence, he lofes part of the fleece. Bacons EJfays.
2. He who votes or polls.
Po'ltevil. n.f. [poll and evil.]
P0llevil is a large fwelling* inflammation or impofthume in
the horfe’s poll or nape of the neck, juft between the ears to¬
wards the mane. Farrier s Did.
Po'llock. n.f A kind of fifh.
The coaftis plentifully ftored with fhellfi/h, fea-hedgehogs,
fcallops ; and flat, as round, pilcherd, herring and pollock.
Carew’s Survey of Cornivall.
To POLLU TE, v. a. [polluo, Lat. polluer, Fr.]
1. To make unclean, in a religious fenfe; to defile.
Hot and peevifh vows
Are polluted offerings, more abhorr’d
Than fpotted livers in the facrifice. Shakefp.
2. To taint with guilt.
She woos the gentle air.
To hide her guilty front with innocent fnow.
And on her naked fhame,
Pollute with finful blame.
The faintly veil of maiden white to throw. Milton.
3. To corrupt by mixtures of ill.
Envy you my praife, and would deftroy
With grief my pleafures, and pollute my joy ? Dryden.
4. Milton ufes this word in an uncommon conftrudtion.
Polluted from the end of his creation. Milton.
Pollu'tedness. n.f. [from pollute.] Defilement; the ftate
of being polluted.
Pollu/ter. n.J. [frompollute.] Defiler; corrupter.
Ev’n he, the king of men,
Fell at his threfhold, and the fpoil of Troy
The foul polluters of his bed enjoy. Dryden's /Ends.
Pollu'tion. n.f [pollution, Fr. pollution Latin.]
j. The add of defiling.
The contrary to confecration is pollution, which happens in
qhurches by homicide, and burying an excommunicated perfon in the church. Aylijfe's Parergon.
2. The ftate of being defiled ; defilement.
Their ftrife pollution brings
Upon the temple. Miltons Par Lojl, b. xii.
Po ltron. n.f [pollice truncate, from the thumb cutoff’; it
being once a practice of cowards to cut off their thumbs, that
they might not be compelled to ferve in war. Saumaife.
Menage derives it from the Italian poltro, a bed ; as cowards
feign themfelves fick a bed : others derive it from poletro or
poltro, a young unbroken horfe.J A coward ; a nidgit j a
fcoundrel.
Patience is for poltrons. Shakefp.
They that are bruis’d with wood or fifts,
And think one beating may for once
Suffice, are cowards and poltrons. Hudi&as, p. ii.
For who but a poltron poffefs’d with fear,
Such haughty infolence can tamely bear. Dryden.
Po'ly. n.f. [polium, Lat.J An herb. Ainfvorth.
Po'ly. [ttoAu.J A prefix often found in the compofition of
words derived from the Greek, and intimating multitude: as,
polygon, a figure of many angles; polypus, an animal with
many feet.
Poly'acoustjck. adj. [7roAu? and axa'a;.] Any thing that
multiplies or magnifies founds. Did.
Poly'anthos. n.f. [7roAu'f and dv$(&.] A plant.
Great varieties of polyanthos are annually produced, and its
flowers are fo numerous on one ftalk, and fo beautifully
ftriped, that they are not inferior to auriculas in beauty. Miller.
POL
The daify, primrole, violet darkly blue,
And polyanthos of unnumber’d dyes. Thomfon:
PoLYe'drical. )adj. [from ‘rro\vtfy(&>; polyedre, Fr.J HaPolye'drous. J ving many fides.
The protuberant particles may be fpherical, elliptical, cy¬
lindrical, polyedrical, and fome very irregular; and accord¬
ing to the nature of thefe, and the lituation of the lucid body^
the light muft be varioufly effedled. Boyle.
A tubercle of a pale brown fpar, had the ekteridr furface
covered with (mall polyedrous cryftals, pellucid, with a caft of
yellow. IVlodward.
Poly'gamist. 'n.f [from polygamy.] One that holds the luwfulnefs of more wives than one at a time.
POLY GAMY. n. f. [polygamie, Fr. •troXvyay.ix.] Plurality
of wives.
Polygamy is the having more wives than one at once. Locke.
They allow no pojgamy: they have ordained, that none
do intermarry or contract, until a month be paft from their
firft interview. Bacon.
Chriftian religion, prohibiting polygamy, is more agreeable
to the law of nature, that is, the law of God, than mahometifm that allows it; for one man, his having many wives
by law, fignifies nothing, unlefs there were many women to
one man in nature alfo. Graunt.
Po'lygLot. adj. [_7roXu,yXuTT©ipolyglotte, Fr.] Having
many languages.
The polyglot or linguift is a learned man. Howel.
POLYGON, n.f. [polygone, Fr. 7roAvf and ycovicc.] A figure
of many angles.
He began with a fingle line ; he joined two lines in an
angle, and he advanced to triangles and fquares, polygons and
circles. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Po'lygonal. adj. [from polygon.] Having many angles.
Po'lygram. n.J. [7roAv? and y^a.y.p.x.] A figure confifting
of a great number of lines. Did:
Poly'graphy. n.f. [ttoAu? and y^xfpri; polygraphie, Fr.] The
art of writing in feveral unufual manners or cyphers ; as alfo
decyphering the fame. Did.
Poly logy. n.f. [7roAuj and Xoyos.] Talkativenefs: Did.
Polymathy. n.f. [ttoAuj and {/.clvScibu.] The knowledge
of many arts and fciences; alfo an acquaintance with many
different fubjedls. Did.
Poly'phonism. n. f. [ttoAuj and (puvjJ.] Multiplicity of
found.
The paflages relate to the diminiflhing the found of his
piftol, by the rarity of the air at that great afeent into the atmofphere, and the magnifying the found by the polyphonifms
or repercuffions of the rocks and caverns. Derhanfi
Polype'talous. adj. [ttoXv? and 7r£raA«v.] Having many
petals.
Poly'pgdy. n. f. [polypodium, Latin.] A plant.
Polypody is a capillary plant with oblong jagged leaves, ha¬
ving a middle rib, which joins them to the ftalks running
through each divifion. Miller.
Polypody is common on the banks of ditches where there are
flumps of old trees, on walls, and by the fides of woods;
polypody is attenuant and diffolvent. Hill’s Materia Medica.
A kind of polypody groweth out of trees, though it windeth
not. Bacon's Natural Hifiory.
Po'lypous. adj. [from polypus.] Having the nature of a poly¬
pus ; having many feet or roots.
If the veffels drive back the blood with too great a force
upon the heart, it will produce polypous concretions in the ven¬
tricles of the heart, efpecially when its valves are apt to grow
rigid- Arbuthnot on Alunents.
POLYFU3. n.f. [7roAuVa? ; polype, Fr.]
1. Polypus fignifies any thing in general with many roots or
feet, as a fwelling in the noftrils ; but it is likewife applied
to a tough concretion of grumous blood in the heart and ar¬
teries. Sjhiincy.
The polypus of the nofe is faid to be an excrefcence offlefh,
fpreading its branches amongft the laminae of the os ethmoides, and through the whole cavity of one or both noftrils.
Sharp's Surgery.
The juices of all auftere vegetables, which coagulate the
fpittle, being mixed with the blood in the veins, form polypuffes in the heart. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. A fea animal with many feet.
The polypus, from forth his cave
Torn with full force, reludlant beats the wave,
His ragged claws are ftuck with ftones. p0pe
Po'lyscope. *. f. [ttoAuj and (>7rfo.] A multiplying
Poly'spast. n.f. [polyfpajle, Fr.] A machine confifthw of
many pullies. ^ ~
Polyspermous. adj. and Thofc plants
are thus called wh.ch have more than four feeds fucceeding
each flower, and thus without any certain order or number. &u.
PoLYSYLL/tBtCAi" adj. [from pdyjfllMe.] Having manyiyllables ; pertaining to a polyfyllable.
Polyjyllabical echoes are filch as repeat many fyllables or
words diftin&ly. r 1 fyl£l
ao A PQLYSY'LLABL#’
POM
POLYbY'LLABLE. n. f. [7rcXu? and (jvXXb(3ri ; polyfyllabe,
Fr.] A word of many fyllables.
In a polyfyllable word confider to which fyllable the emphafis
is to be given, and in each fyliable to which letter. Holder.
Your high nonfenfe blufters and makes a noife; it ftalks
upon hard words, and rattles through polyfyllables. Addifon.
Polysyndeton, n.f. [ttoXv^MsIov.] Afigureof rhethorick
by which the copulative is often repeated : as, I came, and
law and overcame.
Poly'theism. n.f. [ttoAv? and Oso; ; polytheifme^ Fr.] The
do&rine of plurality of gods.
The firft author of polytbeifm, Orpheus, did plainly affert
one luprcme God. Stillingfeet.
Poly'theist. n.f [77-0X0? and Orbs ; polythee, Fr.] One that
holds plurality of gods.
Some authors have falfely made the Turks, polytheifts.
Duncomb’s Life of Hughes.
Po'mace. n.f. [pomaceum, Lat.] The drofs of cyder pref¬
lings. Di£t.
Poma'ceous. adj. [frompomum, Latin.] Confifting of apples.
Autumn paints
Aufonian hills with grapes, whilft Englilh plains
Blulh with pomaceous harvefts breathing fweets. Philips.
Po'made. n.f. [Jpomade, Fr. pomado, Italian.J A fragrant
ointment. \
Pomander, n.f. [pomme d’ ambre,Yr.'] A fweet ball; a
perfumed ball or powder.
I have fold all my trumpery ; not a counterfeit Hone, not
a ribbon, glals, pomander or browch to keep my pack from
faffing. Shakejp.
They have in phyfick ufe ofpomander and knots of powders
for drying of rheums, comforting of the heart and provoking
of lleep. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
POMA'TUM. n.f [Latin.] Anointment.
I gave him a littl0 pomatum to drefs the fcab. Wifeman.
To Pome. v. n. [pommcr, Fr.] To grow to a round head like
an apple. - Dift.
Pomeci'tron. n.f. [pome and citron.-] A citron apple. Diet.
Pomegra'natf.. n.J. [pomum granatum, Lat.j
1. The tree.
The flower of the pomegranate confifts of many leaves
placed in a circular order, which expand in form of a rofe,
whofe bell-lhaped multifid flower cup afterward becomes a
globular fruit, having a thick, fmooth, brittle rind, and is
divided into feveral cells, which contain oblong hardy feeds,
furrounded with a foft pulp. , Miller.
It was the nightingale, and not the lark.
That pierc’d the fearful hollow of thine ear;
Nightly lhe fings on yon pomegranate tree. Shakefp.
2. The fruit.
In times pad: they dyed fcarlet with the feed of a pome¬
granate. Peacham on Drawing.
Nor on its /lender twigs
Low bending be the full pomegranate fcorn’d. Thomfon.
Po'meroval. 1 A fort of apple. Ainfworth.
Po'miferous. adj. [pomfer, Lat.] A term applied to plants
which have the largeft fruit, and are covered with thick hard
rind, by which they are diftinguifhed from the bacciferous,
which have only a thin Ikin over the fruit.
All pomiferous herbs, pumpions, melons, gourds and cu¬
cumbers, unable to fupport themfelves, are either endued with
a faculty of twining about others, or with clafpers and ten¬
drils whereby they catch hold of them. Ray on the Creation.
Other fruits contain a great deal of cooling vifeid juice,
combined with a nitrous fait, fuch are many of the \ovepomi¬
ferous kind, as cucumbers and pompions. Arbuth. on Aliments.
Po'mmel. n.f. [pomeau,Yr. porno, Italian; appcl van ffwaerd,
Dutch.]
1. A round ball or knob.
Like pommels round of marble clear,
Where azur’d veins well mixt appear. Sidney, b. ii.
Huram finifhed the two pillars and the pommels, and the
chapters which were on the top of the two pillars. 2 Chron.
2. The knob that balances the blade of the fword.
His chief enemy offered to deliver the pommel of his fword
in token of yielding. Sidney.
3. The protuberant part of the faddle before.
The ffarting fteed was feiz’d with fudden fright,
And bounding, o’er the pommel call the knight. Dryden.
To Po'mmel. v. a. [This word feems to come from pommeler,
Fr. to variegate.] To beat with any thing thick or bulky,
to beat black and blue ; to bruife ; to punch.
Pomp, n.f [pornpa, Latin.]
j. Splendour ; pride.
Fake phyfick, pomp,
Expofe thyfelf to feel what wretches feel, Shakefp.
2. A proceflion of fplendour and oftentation.
The bright pomp afeended jubilant. Milton.
All eyes you draw, and with'the eyes the heart;
Of your own pompjyourfelf the greateft part. Dryden.
Such a numerous and innocent multitude, cloathed in the
PON
charity of their benefaftors, was a more beautiful expreflion
of joy and thankfgiving, than could have been exhibited by
all the pomps of a Roman triumph. Addifon’s Guardian.
Po'mpholyx. n.f.
Pompholyx is a white, light and very friable fubffance, found
in crufts adhering to the domes of the furnaces and to the
covers of the large crucibles, in which brafs is made either
from a mixture of copper and lapis calaminaris, or of copper
and zink. Hill’s Materia Medica.
Po mpion. n.f. [pompon, Fr.] A pumkin.' A fort of large
fruit. Didt.
Po mpire. n.f. [pomum and pyrus, Lat.] A fort of pearmain. Ain.
POMPOUS, adj. [pompeux, Fr.] Splendid; magnificent;
grand.
What flatt’ring feenes our wand’ring fancy wrought,
Rome’s pompous glories riling to our thought. Pope.
An infeription in the ancient way, plain, pompous, yet
modeft, will be beft. Atterbury to Pope.
Po'mpously. adv. [from pompous.] Magnificently; fplendidly.
Whate’er can urge ambitious youth to fight.
She pompoufy difplays before their fight. Dryden.
Po'mpousness. n.f. [frompompous.] Magnificence; fplen¬
dour ; fhowinefs ; oftentatioufnefs.
The Englilh and French raife their language with meta¬
phors, or by the pompoufnefs of the whole phrale wear off any
littlenefs that appears in the particular parts. Addijon.
Pond. n.f. [fuppofed to be the fame WAr\ pound \ pinban, Sax.
to (hut up.] A fmall pool or lake of water; a bafon ; water
not running or emitting any ftream.
In the midft of all the place was a fair pond, whofe {haking cryftal was a perfeft mirror to all the other beauties, fo
that it bare {hew of two gardens. Sidney.
Through bogs and mires, and oft through pond or pool.
There fwallow’d up. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. ix.
Had marine bodies been found in only one place, it might
have been fufpedfed, that the fea was, what the Calpian is, a
great pond or lake, confined to one part. Woodward.
His building is a town.
His pond an ocean. Pope.
To Pond. v. a. To ponder. A corrupt obfolete word.
O my liege lord, the god of my life,
Pleafeth you pond your fuppliant’s plaint. Spenfer.
To Ponder, v. a. [pondero, Latin.] To weigh mentally; to
confider; to attend.
Mary kept all thefe things, and ponder'd them in her
heart. Lukeh. 19.
Colours, popularities and circumftances fway the ordinary
judgment, not fully pondering the matter. Bacon.
This ponder, that all nations of the earth
Shall in his feed be bleffed. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. xii.
Intent he feem’d,
Pond'ring future things of wond’rous weight. Dryden.
To Po nder, v.n. 7'o think; to mufe. With on. This is
an improper ufe of the word.
This tempeft will not give me leave to ponder
On things would hurt me more. _ Shakefp. King Lear.
Whom, pond'ring thus on human miferies.
When Venus faw, her heav’nly fire befpoke. Dryden.
Po'nderal. adj. [from pondus, Lat.J Eftimated by weight j
diftinguifhed from numeral.
Thus did the money drachma in procefs of time decreafe;
but all the while we may fuppofe the ponderal drachma ta
have continued the fame, juft as it has happened to us, as
well as our neighbours, whofe ponderal libra remains as it
was, though the nummary hath much decreafed. Arbuthnot.
Ponderable, adj. [from pondero, Lat.] Capable to be
weighed ; menfurable by feales.
The bite of an afp will kill within an hour, yet the impreffion is fcarce vifible, and the poifon communicated not
ponderable. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Pondera'tion. n. f. [from pondero, Latin.] The a£t of
weighing.
While we perfpire, we abforb the outward air, and the
quantity of perfpired matter, found by ponderation, is only
the difference between that and the air imbibed. Arbuthnot.
Po'nderer. n.f. [from ponder.] He who ponders.
Ponderosity, n.f [fromponderous.] Weight; gravity;
' heavinefs.
Cryftal will fink in water, as carrying in its own bulk a
greater pondcroftty than the fpace in any water it doth oc¬
cupy. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Gold is remarkable for its admirable dudlility and ponderofity, wherein it excels all other bodies. Ray.
PONDEROUS, adj. [ponderofus, from pondus, Lat.]
1. Heavy ; weighty.
It is more difficult to make gold, which is the moft ponde¬
rous and materiate amongft metals, of other metals lefs pon¬
derous and materiate, than, via verj'a, to make filver of lead or
quickfilver ; both which are move ponderous than filver. Bacon.
His pond'rous ftiicld behind him caft. Milton.
r [Upon
PON
TJpon laying; a weight in one of the fcales, inscribed eter¬
nity, though I threw in that of time, profperity, affliction,
wealth and poverty, which feemed very ponderous, they were
not able to ftir the oppofite balance. Addifon.
Becaufe all the parts of an undiftributed fluid are of equal
gravity, or gradually placed according to the difference of it,
any concretion, that can be fuppofed to be naturally made in
fuch a fluid, muff: be all over of a fimilar gravity, or have the
more ponderous parts nearer to its bafis. Bentley s Sermons.
2. Important; momentous.
If your more ponderous and fettl’d project
May fuffer alteration, I’ll point you
Where you fhall have receiving fhall become you. Sbakefp.
3. Forcible ; ffrongly impulfive.
Imagination hath more force upon things living, than
things inanimate; and upon light and fubtile motions, than
upon motions vehement or ponderous. Bacon.
Impatient of her load,
And lab’ring underneath thepond’rous god,
1 he more fhe ftrove to fhake him from her breaff,
With far fuperior force he prefs’d. Dryden.
Prefs’d with the pond'rous blow,
Down finks the fhip within th’ abyfs below. Drydcn.
Po nderously, adv. [from ponderous.] With great weight.
Po'nderousness. n.J. [from ponderous.] Heavinefs; weight;
gravity.
The oil and fpirit place themfelves under or above one an¬
other, according as their ponderoufnefs makes them fwim or
link. Boyle.
Po'ndweed. n.f A plant. Ainfworth.
Po'nent. adj. [ponente, Italian.] Weftern.
Thwart of thele, as fierce,
Forth rufli the levant and the ponent winds
Eurus and Zephyr. Milton's Par. Loft, b. x:
Po'niard. n.f. [poignard, Fr. pugio, Lat.J A dagger; a fhort
ftabbing weapon.
She fpeaks poniards, and every word ftabs. Sbakefp.
Melpomene would be reprefented, in her right hand a naked
poniard. Peacbam on Drawing.
Poniards hand to hand
Be banifh’d from the field, that none fhall dare
W ith fhortned fword to ftab in clofer war. Dryden.
To Po'niard. v. a. £poignardier, French.] To ftab with a
poniard.
Pqnk. n.f. [Of this word I know not the original.] A noc¬
turnal fpirit ; a hag.
Ne let the ponky nor other evil fprights,
Ne let inifchievous witches. Spenfer.
Po'ntage. n.f. [pons, pontisy bridge.] Duty paid for the re¬
paration of bridges.
In right of the church, they were formerly by the common
law difeharged from pontage and murage. Ayliffe.
Po'ntiff. n.f. [pontifey Fr. pontifexy Latin.]
1. A prieft ; a high prieft.
Livy relates, that there were found two coffins, whereof
the one contained the body of Numa, and the other, his
books of ceremonies, and the difeipline of the pontiff's. Bacon.
2. The pope.
Pontifical, adj. [pontificaly Fr. pontificalisy Lat.]
1. Belonging to an high prieft.
2. Popifh.
It were not amifs to anfwer by a herald the next pontifical
attempt, rather fending defiance than pubiifhing anfwers. Ral.
The pontifical authority is as much fuperior to the regal,
as the fun is greater than the moon. Baker.
3. Splendid; magnificent.
Thus did I keep my perfon frefh and new,
My prefence, like a robe pontificaly
Ne’er feen, but wonder’d at. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
4. [from pons and faciofi Bridge-building. This fenfe is, I
believe, peculiar to Milton, and perhaps was intended as an
equivocal fatire on popery.
Now had they brought the work by wond’rous art
Pontificaly a ridge of pendent rock
Over the vex’d abyfs. Milton's Par. Loft, b. x.
Pontifical, n.f. [pontificate, Lat.] A book containing rites
and ceremonies ecclefiaftical.
What the Greek and Latin churches did, may be feen in
pontificahy containing the forms for confecrations. South.
By the pontificaly no altar is to be confecrated without reliques. Stillingfieet.
PoNti'fically. adv. [from pontifical.] In a pontifical
manner.
Pontificate, n.f [pontificat, Fr. pontficatusy Lat.] Papacy;
popedom.
He turned hermit in the view of being advanced to the
pontificate. Addifon.
Painting, fculpture and architecture.may all recover themfelves under the prefent pontificatey if the wars of Italy will
give them leave. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Po'NTifice. n.f. [pons and facia.] Bridgework ; edifice of a
bridge.
POO
He, at the brink of Chaos, near the foot
Of this new wond’rous pohtificey unhop’d
Met his offspring dear. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. x.
Po'ntlevis. n. f. In horfemanfhip, is a diforderly refifting
action of a horfe in difobedience to his rider, in which he
rears up feveral times running, and rifes up fo upon his hind¬
legs, that he is in danger of coming over. Bailey.
PONTON. n.f [French.]
Ponton is a floating bridge or invention to pafs over water:
it is made of two great boats placed at fome diftanee from
one another, both planked over, as is the interval between
them, with rails on their fides : the whole fo ffrongly built
as to carry over horfe and cannon. Military Didt.
The black prince paffed many a river without the help of
pontons. Spedlaiofy N° 165.
Po'ny. n.f. [I know not the original of this word.] A fmall
horfe.
Pool. n.f. [pul, Saxon ; poely Dutch.] A lake of ftanding water.
Mol’s, as it cometh of moiffure, fo the water muff but
Aide, and not ftand in a pool. Bacon.
Sea he'had fearch’d, and land,
From Eden over Pontus, and the pool
Masotis. Milton's Par. Lofty b. ix.
Love oft to virtuous a£ts inflames the mind.
Awakes the fleepy vigour of the foul,
And brufhing o’er, adds vigour to the pool. Dryden.
The circling ftreams, once thought the pools of blood.
From dark oblivion Harvey’s name fhall lave. Dryden.
After the deluge, we fuppofe the vallies and lower grounds,
where the defeent and derivation of the water was not fo
eafy, to have been full of lakes and pools. Burnet.
Poop. n.f. [pouppe, Fr. puppisy Lat.] The hindmoft part of
the fhip.
Some fat upon the top of the poop weeping and wailing,
till the feafwallowed them. Sidney, b. ii.
The poop was beaten gold. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Perceiving that the pigeon had only loft a piece of her
tail through the next opening of the rocks, they paffed fafe,
only the end of their poop was brpifed. Raleigh.
He was openly fet upon the poop of the gaily. Knolles.
With wind in poopy the veffel ploughs the fea,
And mcafures back with fpeed her former way. Dryden.
POOR. adj. [pauvre, Fr. povre, Spanifh.]
1. Not rich; indigent; neceffitous ; oppreffed with want.
Poor cuckoldly knave.—I wrong him to call him poor;
they fay he hath maffes of money. Sbakcfpcare.
Who builds a church to God, and not to fame.
Will never mark the marble with his name ;
Go fearch it there, where to be born and die.
Of rich and poor makes all the hiftory. Pope.
2. Trifling ; narrow ; of little dignity, force or value.
A Confervatory of fnow and ice ufed for delicacy to cool
wine, is a poor and contemptible ufe, in refpeeft of other ufes
that may be made of it. Bacon’s Natural Hftory.
How poor are the imitations of nature in common courfe of
experiments, except they be led by great:judgment. Bacon.
When he delights in fin, as he obferves it in other men,
he is wholly transformed from the creature God firfbmade
him ; nay, has confumed thole poor remainders of good that
the fin of Adam left him. South.
That I have wronged no man, will be a poor plea or apology at the laft day; for it is not for rapin, that men are for¬
mally impeached and finally condemned ; but I was an hun¬
gry, and ye gave me no meat. Calamy’s Sermons.
3. Paltry ; mean ; contemptible.
A poor number it was to conquer Ireland to the pope’s
ufe. Bacon.
And if that wifdom ftill wife ends propound.
Why made he man, of other creatures, king;
When, if he perifh here, there is not found
In all the world fo poor and vile a thing ? Davies.
The marquis, making hafte to Scarborough, embarked in
a poor veffel. Clarendon, b. viii.
We have feen how poor and contemptible a force has been
raifed by thofe who appeared openly. Addif. Freeholder.
4. Unimportant.
To be without power or diftinCtion, is not, in my poor
opmion, a very amiable fituation to a perfon of title. Swift.
5. Unhappy; uneafy.
Vext failors curfe the rain,
For which poor fhepherds pray’d in vain: JValler.
Vain privilege, poor woman have a tongue ;
Men can ftand lilent, and relolve on wrong. Dryden.
6. Mean ; depreffed ; low ; dejeCted.
A foothfayer made Antonius believe, that his genius which
otherwife was brave, was, in the prefence of O&avianus,
poor and cowardly. ' Bacori%
7. [A word of tendernefs.] Dear.
Poory little, pretty, flutt’ring thing,
Muft we no longer live togethe” ? &
And doft thou prune thy trembling wing.
To take thy flight thou know’ft not whither ? Prior.
S.[A word
POP
S. [A word of flight contempt.] Wretched.
The poor monk, never faw many of the decrees and coun¬
cils he had occafion to ufe. Baker's Refieft. on Learning.
9- Not good ; not fit for any purpofe.
I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking : I could
wiih courtefy would invent fome other entertainment. ShakeJ'p.
10. The Poor, [collectively.] Thole who are in the loweft
rank ot the community; thofe who cannot fubfift but by the
charity of others; but it is fometimes ufed with laxity for any
not rich.
From a confin’d well manag’d ftore,
You both employ and feed the poor. Waller.
Never any time lince the reformation can {hew fo many
poor amongft the widows and orphans of churchmen, as this
particular time. Sprat's Sermons.
Has God call thy lot amongft the poor of this world, by
denying thee the plenties of this life, or by taking them away ?
this may be preventing mercy ; for much mifchief riches do
to the Tons of men. South's Sermons.
The poor dare nothing tell butflatt’ring news. Dryden.
11. Barren; dry: as, a poor foil.
12. Lean ; ftarved ; emaciated : as, a poor horfe.
Where juice wanteth, the language is thin, flagging, poor,
ftarved and fcarce covering the bone. Benj. Johnfon.
13. Without fpirit; flaccid.
Poo'rly. adv. [from poor.]
1. Without wealth.
I hofe thieves fpared his life, letting him go to learn to
live poorly. Sidney, b. ii.
2. Not profperoufly ; with little fuccefs.
If you fow one ground with the fame kind of grain, it will
profper but poorly. Bacon.
3. Meanly; without fpirit.
Your conftancy
Hath left you unattended : be not loft
So poorly in your thoughts. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Nor is their courage or their wealth fo low,
That from his wars they poorly would retire. Dryden.
4. Without dignity.
You meaner beauties of the night.
That poorly fatisfy our eyes.
More by your number than your light,
You common people of the {kies ;
What are you when the fun {hall rife. Wotton.
Poorjohn. n.f A fort of fifh. Ainfworth.
Poo'rness. n.f. [ixompoor.]
1. Poverty; indigence; want.
If a prince fhould complain of the poornefs of his exche¬
quer, would he be angry with his merchants, if they brought
him a cargo of good bullion. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. Meannefs ; lownefs ; want of dignity.
The Italian opera feldom finks into a poornefs of language,
but, amidft all the meannefs of the thoughts, has fomething
beautiful and fonorous in the expreffion. Addifon.
There is a kind of fluggilh refignation, as well as poornefs
and degeneracy of fpirit, in a ftate of flavery. Addifon.
3. Sterility ; barrennefs.
The poornefs of the herbs fhews the poornefs of the earth,
efpecially if in colour more dark. Bacon.
Enquire the differences of metals which contain other me¬
tals, and how that agrees with the poornefs or riches of the
metals in themfelves. Bacon.
Poo'rspirited. adj. [poor and fpirit.] Mean; cowardly.
Mirvan ! poorfpirited wretch ! thou haft deceiv’d me.Den.
Poo'rspiritedness. n.f. Meannefs; cowardice.
A caufe of men’s taking pleafure in the fins of others, is,
from that meannefs and poorfpiritednefs that accompanies
guilt. South's Sermons.
Pop. n.f. [poppyfma, Lat.] A fmall fmart quick found. It is
formed from the found.
I have feveral ladies, who could not give a pop loud enough
to be heard at the farther end of the room, who can now
ciifcharge a fan, that it {hall make a report like a pocketpiftol. Addifon's Spectator, N9 102.
I o Pop. v. n. [from the noyn.] To move or enter with a
quick, fudden and unexpedted motion.
He that kill’d my king,
Popt in between th’ election and my hopes. Shakefp.
A boat was funk and all the folk drowned, favingone only
Woman, that in her faff, popping up again, which moft living
things accuftom, efpied the boat rifen likewife, and floating
by her, got hold of the boat, and fat aftride upon one of its
^es* Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
I ftartled at his popping upon me unexpectedly. Addifon.
As he fcratched to fetch up thought,
Forth popp d the fprite fo thin. Swift'sMifcellanies.
Others have a trick of popping up and down every moment,
from their paper to the audience, like an idle fchool-boy. Swift.
To Pop. v. a.
I.To put out or in fuddenly, Ally or unexpeftedly.
1 hat is my brother’s plea.
The which if he can prove, he /><?/>* me out
At leaft from fair five hundred pound a year. Shakefp.
POP
He popped a paper into his hand. Milton.
A fellow, finding fomewhat prick him, popt his finger upon
the place. L'EJlrange's FabLs.
The commonwealth popped up its head for the third time
under Brutus and Caffitis, and then funk for ever. Dryden.
Did’ft thou never pop
Thy head into a tinman’s fhop ? Prior.
2.To fhift.
If their curiofity leads them to aik what they fhould not
know, it is better to tell them plainly, that it is a thing that
belongs not to them to know, than to pop them off with a
falihood. Locke on Education.
POPE. n.f. [papa, Lat. 7ra7r7raf.J
1. The bifhop of Rome.
I refufe you for my judge ; and
Appeal unto the pope to be judg’d by him. Shakefp.
He was organift in the pope's chapel at Rome. Peacham.
Chriftianity has been more opprefled by thofe that thus
fought for it, than thofe that were in arms againft it; upon
this fcore, the pope has done her more harm than the
Turk. Decay of Piety.
2. A fmall fifth.
A pope, by fome called a ruffe, is much like a pearch for
flhape, but will not grow bigger than a gudgeon : he is an
excellent fifh, of a pleafant tafte, and fpawns in April.
Walton's Angler.
Po'pedom. [pope and dom.] Papacy ; papal dignity.
That world of wealth I’ve drawn together
For mine own ends; indeed, to gain thqpopedom. Shakefp.
Popery. n.f. [from pope.] The religion of tne church of
Rome.
Popery for corruptions in do&rine and difcipline, I look
upon to be the moft abfurd fyltem of chriftianity. Swift.
Po'peseye. n.f. [pope and eye.] The gland furrounded with
fat in the middle of the thigh : why fo called I know not.
Po'pgun. n.f. [pop and gun.J A gun with which children
play, that only makes a noife.
Life is not weak enough to be deftroyed by this popgun
artillery of tea and coffee. Cheyne.
Popi njay, [papegay, Dutch ; papagayo, Spanifh.j
1. A parrot.
Young popinjays learn quickly to fpeak. Afcham.
The great red and blue parrot; there are of thefe greater,
the middlemoft called popinjays, and the leffer called perroquets. Crew's Mufceum.
2. A woodpecker. So it feems to be ufed here.
Terpfichore would be exprefled, upon her head a coronet
of thofe green feathers of the popinjay, in token of that vic¬
tory which the mufes got of the daughters of Pierius, who
were turned into popinjays cr woodpeckers. Peacham.
3. A trifling fop.
I, all fmarting with my wounds, being gall’d
To be fo pefter’d by popinjay,
Anfwer’d negle&ingly, I know not what. Shakefp.
Pc/pish. adj. [from pope.] Taught by the pope ; relating to
popery ; peculiar to popery.
In this fenfe as they affirm, fo we deny, that whatfoever is
popijh we ought to abrogate. Hooker.
I know thou art religious,
With twenty popijh tricks and ceremonies. Shakefp.
Po'pishly,. adv. [from popijh.] With tendency to popery ; in
a popilh manner.
She baffled the many attempts of her enemies, and entirely
broke the whole force of that party among her fubjects, which
was popijhly affe&ed. AddiJ'on's Freeholder.
A friend in Ireland, popijhly fpeaking, I believe conftantly
well difpofed towards me. Pope to Swift.
Po'plar. n.f. [peuplier,¥x. populus, Lat.] A tree.
The leaves of the poplar are broad, and for the moft part
angular : the male trees produce amentaceous flowers, which
have many little leaves and apices, but are barren : the female
trees produce membraneous pods, which open into two parts,
containing many feeds, which have a large quantity of down
adhering to them, and are collected into fpikes. Miller,
Po is drawn with the face of an ox, with a garland of
poplar upon his head. Peacham on Drawing.
All he deferib’d was prefent to their eyes,
And as he rais’d his verfe, the poplars feem’d to rife. Rofc.
So falls a poplar, that in watry ground
Rais’d high the head. Pope's Iliad.
Poppy, n.f. [popig, Sax. papaver, Lat.] A plant.
The flower of the poppy, for the moft part, confifts of four
leaves, placed orbicularly, and expanded in form of a rofe, out
of whole flower cup, confifting of two leaves, rifes the pointal, which afterwards becomes a fruit or pod that is oval or
oblong, and adorned with a little head, under which, in fome
fpecies, is opened a feries of holes quite round into the cavity
of the fruit, which is defended lengthwife with various leaves
or plates, to which a great number of very fmall feeds ad¬
here : of thefe are eighteen fpecies : fome fort is cultivated
for medicinal ufe ; and fome fuppofe it to be the plant whence
opium is produced. Miller.
X His. 3
POP '
His temples laft with poppies were o’erfpread.
That nodding feem’d to confecrate his head. Dryden.
Dr. Lifter has been guilty of miftake, in the reflections
he makes on what he calls the fleeping Cupid with poppy in
his hands. Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
Populace. n.f. fpopulace, Fr. from populus, Lat.] The vul¬
gar ; the multitude.
Now fwarms the populace, a countlefs throng,
Youth and hoar age tumultuous pour along. Pope.
The tribunes and people having fubdued all competitors,
bea;an the laft game of a prevalent populace, to chufe them¬
felves a mafter. Swift.
Po'pulscy. n.f. [populace, Yr.] The common people; the
multitude.
Under colours of piety ambitious policies march, not only
with fecurity, but applaufe as to the populacy. King Charles.
When he thinks one monarch’s luft too mild a regiment, he
can let in the whole populacy of fin upon the foul. D. ofPiety.
POPULAR, adj. [populaire, Fr. popularise Lat.J
1. Vulgar; plebeian.
I was forry to hear with what partiality and popu'ar heat
ele&ions were carried in many places. King Charles.
The emmet join’d in her popular tribes
Of commonalty. Milton.
So the popular vote inclines. Milton.
2. Suitable to the common people.
Homilies are plain and popular inftruCtions. Hooker.
3. Beloved by the people ; pleafing to the people.
It might have been more popular and plauflble to vulgar
ears, if this flrft difcourfe had been fpent in extolling the force
of laws. Hooker, h. i.
Such as were popular,
And well-deferving, were advanc’d by grace. Daniel.
The old general was fet aude, and prince Rupert put into
the command, which was no popular change. Clarendon.
4.. Studious of the favour of the people.
A popular man is, in truth, no better than a proftirute to
common fame and to the people. Dryden.
His virtues have undone his country ;
Such popular humanity is treafon. Addifon's Cato.
5. Prevailing or raging among the populace: as, a popular diftemper.
Popularity, n.f. [popularitas, Lat. popularity, Fr. from
popular.]
j. Gracioufnefs among the people ; ftate of being favoured by
the people.
The beft temper of minds defireth good name and true ho¬
nour; the lighter, popularity and applaufe; the more de¬
praved, fubje&ion and tyranny. Bacon.
Your mind has been above the wretched afteClation of
popularity. - Dryden.
Admire we then,
Or popularity, or ftars, or firings,
The mob’s applaufes, or the gifts of kings. Pope.
He could be at the head of no factions and cabals, nor at¬
tended by a hired rabble, which his flatterers might reprefent
as popularity. Swift.
2. Reprefentation fuited to vulgar conception ; what afteCls the
vulgar.
The perfuader’s labour is to make things appear good or
evil, which as it may be performed by folid reafons, fo it may
be reprefented alfo by colours, popularities and circumftances,
which lway the ordinary judgment. bacon.
Po pularly, adv. [from popular.]
1. In a popular manner ; fo as to pleafe the crowd.
The vidlor knight
Bareheaded, popularly low had bow’d,
And paid the falutations of the crowd. Dryden.
Influenc’d by the rabble’s bloody will.
With thumbs bent back, they popu'ary kill. Dryden.
2. According to vulgar conception.
Nor can we excufe the duty of our knowledge, if we only
beftow thofe commendatory conceits, which popularly fet forth
the eminency thereof. Brown s Vulga> E rours.
To PGTULA TK . v. n. [frompopulus, people.] To breed people.
When there be great fhoals of people, which go on to
populate, without forefeeing means of life and fuftentation, it
is of neceflity, that once in an age they difeharge a portion
of their people upon other nations. Bacon's EJfays.
Population, n.f. [from populate.'] The ftate of a country
with refpccl to numbers of people.
The population of a kingdom, efpecially if it be not mown
<lown by wars, does not exceed the flock of the kingdom,
which fhould maintain them ; neither is the population to be
reckoned, onlv by number ; for a Imaller number, that fpend
more and earn lefs, do wear out an eilute tooner than a
greater number, that live lower, and gather more. Bacon.
Populo^sity. n.f. [frompopulous.] Populoufnefs; multitude
of people.
How it conduced) unto popu’ofty, we fhall make but little
doubt; there are two main caufes of numerofity in any fpecies ;
a frequent and multiparous way of breeding. Brown.
P O R
PO'PULOUS. adj [populofus, Lat.] Full of people ; nume*
roufly inhabited.
A wildernefs is populous enough,
So Suffolk had thy heav’nly company. Skakefp.
Far the greater part have kept
Their ftation; heav’n yet populous, retains
Number fufficient to poffeft her realms. Milton.
Populously, adv. [from populous.] With much people.
Populousness. n. J. [from populous.] 1 he ftate of abound¬
ing with people.
This will be allowed by any that confiders the vaftneft, the
opulence, the populoufnejs of this region, with the eafe and
facility wherewith ’tis governed. Temple's Mifccllanies.
Po'rcelain. n.f. [porcelaine, Fr. faid to be derived from pour
cent annees; becaule it was believed by Europeans, that the
materials of porcelain was matured underground one hundred
years.]
1. China; china ware; fine difhes, of a middle nature between
earth and glaft, and therefore femi-peliucid.
We have burials in feveral earths, where we put divers ce¬
ments, as the Chintfe do their porcelain. Bacon.
We are not thoroughly refolved concerning porcelain or
china difhes ; that according to common belief, chey are made
of earth, which lieth in preparation about a hundred years
under ground. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The fine materials made it weak ;
Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break. Dryden.
Thefe look like the workmanfhip of heav'n :
This is the. porcelain clay of human kind,
And therefore caft into thefe noble molds. Dryden.
2. [Portulaca, Lat.] An herb. Ainfworth.
Porch, n.f. [yporcbe, Fr. portions, Lat.]
1. A roof lupported by pillars before a door ; an entrance.
Ehud went forth through the porch, and (hut the doors of
the parlour. Judges iii. 23.
Not infants in the porch of life were free,
The fick, the old, that could but hope a dayLonger by nature’s bounty, not let flay. Benj. Johnfon.
2. A portico ; a covered walk.
All this done.
Repair to Pompey’sporch, where you fhall find us. Shdkefp.
PoPcupine. n.f. [pore cfpi or epic, Yr. porcofpino, Italian.]
The porcupine, when full grown, is as large as-a moderate
pig : the quills, with which its whole body is covered, are
black on the ftioulders, thighs, fides and belly ; on the back,
hips and loins they are variegated with white and pale brown:
the neck is lliort and thick, the nofe blunt, the noftrils very
large in form of flits ; the upper lip is flit or cleft as in the
hare, and it has wnifkers like a cat; the eyes are fmall, and
the ears very like thofe of the human fpecies: the legs are
fhort, and on the hinder icct are five toes, but only four upon
the fore feet, and its tail is four or five inches long, befet
with fpines in an annular feries round it: there is no other
difference between the porcupine of Malacca and that of Eu¬
rope, but that the former grows to a larger lize. Hill.
This llubborn Cade
Fought fo long, till that his thighs with darts
Were airnofl like a fharp-quill’d porcupine. Shakefpeare.
Long bearded comets ftick
Like flaming porcupines to their left Tides,
As they would fhoot their quills into their hearts. Dryden.
By the black prince of Monomotapa’s tide were the glar¬
ing cat-a-mountain and the quill-dartingporcupine. Ar. and Po.
PORE. n.f [pore, Fr. 7roj!^.]
1. Spiracle of the fkin ; paiiage of perfpiration.
Witches, carrying in the air, and transforming themfelves
into other bodies, by ointments and anointing themfelves all
over, may juftly move a man to think, that thefe fables are
the effedls of imagination; for it is certain, that ointments
do all, if laid on any thing thick, by flopping of the pores,
fhut in the vapours, and fend them to the head extremely. Bac.
Why was the fight
To fuch a tender ball as th’ eye confin’d ?
So obvious and fo eafy to be quench’d,
And not, as feeling through all parts diffus’d.
That fhe might look at will through every pore. Milton.
2. Any narrow fpiracle or paflage.
Pores are fmall interftices between the particles of matter
which conftitute every body, or between certain aggregates
or combinations of them. Quincy.
From veins of valliqs milk and nedlar broke.
And honey fweating through the pores of oak. Dryden.
To Pore. v. n [7rj5(gH is the optick nerve ; but I imagine pore
to come by corruption from feme Englifh word.] To look
with great intenfenefs and care ; to examine with great at¬
tention.
All delights are vain ; but that moft vain,
Which with pain purchas’d, doth inherit p’ain;
As painfully to pore upon a bock,
7'° of t,u!h> while truth the while
Doth falfcly blind the eyefight, Ska 'efp.
20 B A book
P O R
A book was writ, called Tetrachordon,
The fubje£t new : it walk’d the town a while,
Numb’ring good intelle&s ; now feldom por'd on. Milton.
The eye grows weary, with poring perpetually on the fame
thing. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
Let him with pedants hunt for praife in books,
Pore out his life amongft the lazy gownmen,
Grow old and vainly proud in fancy’d knowledge. Rowe.
With fharpen’d fight pale antiquaries pore,
Th’ infeription value, but the ruft adore. Pope.
He hath been poring fo long upon Fox’s Martyrs, that he
imagines himfelf living in the reign of queen Mary. Swift.
The defign is to avoid the imputation of pedantry, to fhew
that they underftand men and manners, and have not been
poring upon old unfafhionable books. Swift.
Po'reblind. adj. [commonly fpoken and written purblind.]
Nearfighted ; fhortfighted.
Poreblind men fee belt in the dimmer light, and likewife
have their fight ftronger near at hand, than thofe that are not
poreblind, and can read and write fmaller letters ; for that the
fpirits vifual in thofe that are poreblind are thinner and rarer
than in others, and therefore the greater light difperfeth
them. Paeon's Natural Hiftory.
Po'riness. n.f [from pory.~\ Fullnefs of pores.
I took off the dreflings, and fet the trepan above the frac¬
tured bone, confidering the porinefs of the bone below. JVifern.
PorFstick ?netbod. n.J. [7ro^irnto?.] In mathematicks, is that
which determines when, by what means, and how many diffe¬
rent ways a problem may be folved. Didl.
PORK. n.f. [pore, Fr. porcus, Lat.J Swines flefh unfalted.
You are no good member of the commonwealth ; for, in
converting Jews to chriftians, you raife the price of pork.
Shakefpeare's Merchant of Venice.
All flefh full of nourifhment, as beef and pork, increafe the
matter of phlegm. Floycr on the Humours.
Po'rker. n.f [frompork.'] A hog; a pig.
Strait to the lodgments of his herd he run,
Where the fat porkers flept beneath the fun. Pope.
Pc/rkeater. n.f [pork and eater.] One who feeds on pork.
This making of chriftians will raife the price of hogs ; if
we grow all to be porkeaters, we fhall not fhortly have a rafher
on the coals for money. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
Po'rket. [from pork.] A young hog.
A prieft appears
And ofTrings to the flaming altars bears ; i.
A porket, and a lamb that never fuffer’d (hears. Dryden. j
Po'rkling. n.f [from pork.] A young pig.
A hovel
Will ferve thee in winter, moreover than that.
To (hut up thy porklings, thou meaneft to fat. Duffer.
Poro'sity. n.f. [from porous.] Quality of having pores.
This is a good experiment for the difclofure of the nature
of colours ; which of them require a finer porofty, and which
a groffer. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
Po'rous. adj. [poreux, Fr. from pore.] Having fmall fpiracles
or paflages.
The rapid current, which through veins
Of porous earth with kindly thirft updrawn,
Rofe a frefh fountain, and with many a rill
Water’d the garden. Milton's Par. Lof, b. iv.
Of light the greater part he took, and plac’d
In the fun’s orb, mad0 porous to receive
And drink the liquid light; firm to retain
Her gather’d beams ; great palace now of light. Milton.
Po'rousness. n. f. [from porous.] The quality of having
pores.
They will forcibly get into the poroufnefs of it, and pafs
between part and part, and feparate the parts of that thing
one from another ; as a knife doth a folid fubftance, by hav¬
ing its thinned parts preffed into it. Digby on Bodies.
Porphyre. \n~f [from TvofP'Soa. ; porphyrites, Lat. porphyre,
Po'rphyry. J Fr.] Marble of a particular kind.
I like beft the porphyry, white or green marble, with a
mullar or upper done of the fame. Peacham on Drawing.
Confider the red and white colours in porphyre; hinder light
but from ftriking on it, its colours vanifh, and produce no
fuch ideas in us; but upon the return of light, it produces
thefe appearances again. . Locke.
&orcP°ilFon> Frvl Thefea-hog.
Amphibious animals link the terreftrial and aquatick to¬
gether ; feals live at land and at fea, and porpoifes have the
warm blood and entrails of a hog. Locke.
Parch’d with unextinguifh’d thirft,
Small beer I guzzle till I burft ;
And then I drag a bloated corpus
Swell d with a dropfy like a porpus. Szvift.
Porp A ceous. adj. [porraceus, Lat. porrace, Fr.] Greenifh.
If the Idler inteftines be wounded, he will be troubled
with porraceojis vpm.tmg. Wifeman's Surgery.
Po'RRET. n.f. [porrum, L^t.] A fcallion.
It is not an eafy problem to refolve why garlick, molys
FOR
and porrets have white roots, deep green leaves and black
feeds. Broiun's Vulgar Errours.
Po'rridce. n. f. [more properly perrage ; porrata, low Latin
from porrum, a leek.] Food made by boiling meat in
water ; broth.
I had as lief you fhould tell me of a mefs of porridge. Sha
Porridgepot. n.f [porridge and pot.] The pot in which
meat is boiled for a family.
Po'rringer. n. f [from porridge.]
1. A veffel in which broth is eaten.
A fmall wax candle put in a focket of brafs, then fet up¬
right in a porringer full of fpint of wine, then let both the
candle and fpirit of wine on fire, and you fhall fee the flame
of the candle become four times bigger than otherwife, and
appear globular. " Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
A phyfician undertakes a woman with fore eyes, who
dawbs ’em quite up with ointment, and, while fhe was in
that pickle, carries off a porringer. L'Eflrange.
The porringers, that in a row
Hung high, and made a glittering fhow.
Were now but leathern buckets rang’d. Swift.
2. It feems in Shakefpeare s time to have been a word of con¬
tempt for a headdrefs; of which perhaps the firft of thefe
paflages may fhow the reafon.
Here is the cap your worfhip did befpeak.
—Why this was moulded on a porringer. Shakefp.
A haberdafher’s wife of fmall wit rail’d upon me, till her
pink’d porringer fell off her head. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Porre ction. n.f. [porredlio, Latin.] 1 he a£t of reaching
forth. 0
Port. n.f. [port, Fr. portus, Latin.]
1. A harbour ; a fafe ftation for fhips.
Her fmall gondelay her port did make.
And that gay pair iffuing on the fhore,
Difburden’d her. Fain Queen, b. ii.
I fhould be ftill
Peering in maps for ports, and ways and roads. Shakefp.
1 he earl of Newcaftle feized upon that town ; when there
was' not one port town in England, that avowed their obe¬
dience to the king. Clarendon, b. viii.
A weather beaten veffel holds
r Gladly the port. Mho,u
2. [Porta, Lat. pojvte, Sax. porte, Fr.J A gate.
Shew all thy praifes within the ports of the daughter of
^lonT r j , Pjalm ix. 14.
Uelcend, and open your uncharged ports. Shakefp.
He I accufe,
The city ports by this hath entered. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
O polifh’d perturbation ! golden care !
T hat keep’ft the ports of flumber open wide
To many a watchful night; fleep with it now !
Yet not fo found, and half fo deeply fweet,
As he, whofe brow with homely biggen bound,
Snores out the watch of night. Shakefp. Henry IV.
The mind of man hath two ports-, the one always fre¬
quented by the entrance of manifold vanities ; the other de¬
folate and overgrown with grafs, by which enter our chari¬
table thoughts and divine contemplations. Ralc'nh.
b rom their ivory port the cherubim
Forth iffu’d. 3^7,
3. I he aperture in a (hip, at which the gun is put out.
At Portfmouth the Mary Rofe, by a little fway of the
fhip in calling about, her ports being within flxteen inches of
the water, was overfet and loft. Raleio-h
The linftocks touch, the pond rous ball exmres.
The vig’rous feaman every port hole plies.
And adds his heart to every gun he fires. Dryden.
4- \Bortce, Fr.] Carriage; air; mien; manner; bearin'" •
external appearance ; demeanour. 0 *
In that proud port, which her fo goodly graceth
Whiles her fair face fhe rears up to the fky,
And to the ground her eyelids low embraceth,
Moll goodly temperature ye may defery. ’ Spenfer.
Think you much to pay two thoufand crowns, 1 J
And bear the name and port of gentleman ? ’ Shakefp.
See Godfrey there in purple clad and gold,
Hisftatelyport and princely look behold" ’ Fairfax.
Their port was more than human, as they flood ; '
1 took it for a fairy viflon
Of fome gay creatures of the element,
T hat in the colours of the rainbow live. Milton.
A proud man is fo far from making himfelf great by his
haughty and contemptuous port, that he is ufually punifhed
with negleft for it. Collier on Pride.
Now lay the line, and meafure all thy court,
By inward virtue, not external port ;
And find whom juftly to prefer above
The man on whom my judgment plac’d my love. Dryden.
Thy plumy crell
Nods horrible, with more terrific port
Thou walk’ft, and feem’ft already in the fight. Philips.
To Port.
P O R P O R
To Port. v. a \perto, Fat. porter, Fr.] To carry in form.
Th’ angelick fquadron bright
Turn’d fiery red, fharpning in mooned horns
Their phalanx, and began to hem him round
With ported l'pears. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. iv.
Po'rtable. ad), [portability Lat.J
1. Manageable by the hand.
2. Such as may be born along with one.
The pleafure of the religious man is an eafy and portable
pleafure, fuch an one as he carries about in his bofom, with¬
out alarming the eye or envy of the world. South.
3. Such as is tranlported or carried from one place to another.
Moft other portable commodities decay quickly in their life;
but money is by flower degrees removed from, or brought into
the free commerce of any country, than the greateft part of
other merchandize. Locke.
4. Sufferable ; fupportable.
How light and portable my pains feem now.
When that which makes me bend, makes the king bow.
Shakejpeare's King Lear.
All thefe are portable
With other graces weigh’d. Shake/p. Macbeth.
Po'rtableness. n.f. [from portable.] The quality of being
portable.
Portage, n.f. [portage, Fr.]
1. The price of carriage.
2. [Frompc/T.] Porthole.
Lend the eye a terrible afpeeft ;
Let it pry through the portage of the head,
Like the brafs cannon. Shakejpeare's Henry V.
Po'rtal. n f. [portail, Fr. pa tella, Italian.J A gate ; the
arch under which the gate opens.
King Richard doth appear,
As doth the blulhing difeontented fun.
From out the fiery portal of the eaft. Shakefp. Rich. II.
Though I fhould run
To tbofe difclofingportals of the fun ;
And walk his way, until his horfes fteep
Their fiery locks in the Iberian deep. Sandys.
He through heav’n
That open’d wide her blazing portals, led
To God’s eternal houfe direct the way. Milton.
The lick for air before the ported gafp. Dryclen.
The portal confifts of a compofite order unknown to the
ancients. Addijon's Remarks on Italy.
Po'rtance. n.f. [from porter, Fr.] Air; mien 3 port; de¬
meanour.
There ftepped forth a goodly lady,
That feem’d to be a woman of great worth.
And by her ftately portance born of heav’nly birth. F. Fju.
Your loves.
Thinking upon his ferviccs, took from you
The apprehenfion of his prefent portance.
Which gibingly, ungravely, he did falhion. Shakefp.
Porta'ss. n.f [fometimes called portuis, and by Chaucer porthofe.J A breviary ; a prayer book.
In his hand his porteffe ftill he bare.
That much was worn, but therein little red ;
For of devotion he had little care. Fairy Ahieen.
An old priefc always read in his portafs mumpfimus domine
for fumpfimus ; whereofwhen he was admonifhed, he Paid that
he now had ufed mumpfimus thirty years, and would not leave
his old mumpfimus for their new fumpfimus. Camden.
Portcu'llis. \n.f. [portecouliffe,Yx. quafi porta claufa.] A
Po'rtcluse. J fort of machine like a harrow, hung over the
gates of a city, to be let down to keep out an enemy.
Over it a fair portcullis hong,
Which to the gate diredtly did incline,
With comely compafs and compadture flrong,
Neither unfeemly fhort, nor yet exceeding long. F. £hi.
The cannon againft St. Stephen’s gate executed fo well,
that the portcullis and gate were broken, and entry opened
into the city. Hayward.
She the huge portcullis high up drew,
Which but herfelf, not all the Stygian pow’rs
Cou’d once have mov’d. Milton.
Pyrrhus comes, neither men nor walls
His force luftain, the torn portcullis falls. Denham.
The upper eyelid claps down, and is as good a fence as a
portcullis againft the importunity of the enemy. More.
The gates are opened, the portcullis drawn ;
And deluges of armies from the town
Come pouring in. Dryden.
To Portcullis, v. a. [from the noun.J To bar; to fhut
up.
Within my mouth you have engaol’d my tongue,
Doubly portcullis'd with my teeth and lips. Shakefp.
Pc/rted. ad), [porter, Fr.] Borne in a certain or regular
order.
They hern him round with ported fpears. Milton.
To PORTE'ND. v. a. [tortendo, Lat.J J o foretoken ; to
forelhow as omens.
he earneftly exhorteth to prevent
Hooker.
As many as remained
portended calamities.
Doth this churlilh fuperfeription
Portend foine alteration in good will ? Shakefp.
A moift and a cool fuinmer portendeth a hard winter. Bacon.
True opener of mine eyes,
Much better feems this vifion, and more hope
Of peaceful days portends, than thofe two part. Milton.
True poets are the guardians of a Hate,
And when they fail, portend approaching fate. Rofcommon.
The ruin of the ftate in the deftrudtion of the church, is
not only portended as its fign, but alio inferred from it as its
caufe. South's Sermons.
Porte'nsion. n.f. [fromportend.] The aiSt of foretokening.
Although the red comets do carry the portenjtons of Mars,
the brightly white fhould be of the influence of Venus. Brown.
POR 1 E'NT. n.f. [portentum, Lat.J Omen of ill; prodigy
foretokening mifery.
O, what portents are thefe ?
Some heavy bufinels hath my lord in hand,
And I muff know it. Shakefpcare's Henry IV.
My lofs by dire portents the god foretold ;
Yon riven oak, the faireff of the green. Dryden.
Portentous, ad). [portentofus, Lat. from portent.] Monftrous ; prodigious; foretokening ill.
They are portentous things
Unto the climate, that they point at. Shakefp.
This portentous figure
Comes armed through our watch fo like the king
That was. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Overlay
With this portentous bridge the dark abyfs. Milton.
No bealt of more portentous fize
In the Hercinian foreft lies. Rofcommon.
Let us look upon them as fo many prodigious exceptions
from our common nature, as fo many portentous animals, like
the ftrange unnatural productions of Africa. South.
Every unwonted meteor is portentous, and fome divine
prognoftick. Glanvt l.
1 he petticoat will fhrink at your fxrH: coming to town ; at
lealt a touch or your pen will make it contract itfelf, arid by
that means oblige feveral who are terrified or aftonilhed at this
portentous novelty. Addijon's Spectator, 127.
POR TER. n. J. [portier, Fr. from porta, Lat. agate.]
1. One that has the charge of the gate.
Porter, remember what I give in charge,
And, when you’ve fo done, bring the keys to me. Shakefp.
Arm all my hqufhold prefently, and charge
The porter he let no man in till day. Ben), Johnfon.
Nic. Frog demanded to be his porter, and his filhmonger,
to keep the keys of his gates, and furnifh the kitchen. Arb.
2. One who waits at the door to receive meftages.
A fav’rite porter with his mailer vie.
Be brib’d as often, and as often lie. Pope.
3. [Porteur, Fr. from porto, Lat. to carry.] One who carries
burthens for hire.
It is with kings fometimes as with porters, whofe packs
may joftle one againft the other, yet remain good friends
ftilL Howel.
By porter, who can tell, whether I mean a man who bears
burthens, or a fervant who waits at a gate ? Watts.
Po'rterage. n.f. [from porter.] Money paid for carriage.
Po'rtesse. n.f A breviary. See Portass.
Po'rtglave. n.f [porter and glaive, Fr. and Erfe.] A fword
bearer. Ainfuuorth.
Po'rtgrave. \n.f. [porta, Lat. and grave, Teut. a keeper.]
Po'rtgreve. J The keeper of agate. Obfolete.
Po'rtico. n.f. [porticus, Lat. portico, Italian ; portique, Fr.]
A covered walk ; a piazza.
The rich their wealth beftow
On fome expenfive airy portico;
Where fafe from fhowers they may be born in ftate.
And free from tempefts for fair weather wait. Dryden.
PORTION, n.f. [portion, Fr. portio, Latin.]
1. A part.
Thefe are parts of his ways, but how little a portion is
heard of him ? J0b XXyfi 14.
Like favour find the Irilh, with like fate
Advanc’d to be a portion of our ftate. Waller.
In battles won, fortune a part did claim.
And foldiers have their portion in the fame. Waller.
Thofe great portions or fragments fell into the abyfs ; fome
2.
in one poiture, and fome in another.
Pirithous no fmall portion of the war
Prels’d on, and fhook his lance.
A part afligned ; an allotment ; a dividend.
Here their pris n ordain’d and portion fet.
Shou’d you no honey vow to tafte
But what the mafter-bees have plac’d*
In compafs of their cells, how fmall
A portion to ycur fhare would fall ?
Burne
Dryde,
Milto.
Walk
Of
POR
Of words they feldom know more than the grammatical
conftru&ion, unlefs they are born with a poetical genius,
which is a rare portion amongft them. ' Dryden.
As foon as any good appears to make a part of then portion
of happinefs, they begin to defire it. - . Locke.
When he conhders the manifold temptations of polity
and riches, and how fatally it will affect his happinefs to be
overcome by them, he will join with Agur in petitioning
God for the lafer portion of a moderate convenience.
. Rogers.
One or two faults are eafily to be remedied with a very
fmall portion of abilities. Swift.
3. Part of an inheritance given to a child ; a fortune.
Leave to thy children tumult, ftrife and war,
Portions of toil, and legacies of care. Prior.
4. A wife’s fortune.
To PoRtion. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To divide; to parcel.
The gods who portion out
The lots of princes as of private men,
Have put a bar between his hopes and empire. Rowe.
Argos the feat of fovereign rule I chofe.
Where my Ulyffes and his race might reign,
And portion to his tribes the wide domain. Pope.
2. To endow with a fortune.
Him portion'd maids, apprentic’d orphans bleft,
The young who labour, and the old who reft. Pope.
Po'rtxoner. n.f. [from portion.'] One that divides.
Portliness. n.J. [from portly.\ Dignity of mien; grandeur
of demeanour.
Such pride is praife, fuch portlinefs is honour,
That boldnefs innocence bears in her eyes ;
And her fair countenance like a goodly banner
Spreads in defiance of all enemies. Spenfer.
When fubftantialnefs combineth with delightfulnefs, fulnefs with fineneis, feemhnels with portlinefs, and currantnefs
with ftayednefs, how can the language found other than moil
full of fweetnefs ? Camden s Remains.
Po'rtly. adj. [from po- r.J
1. Grand of mien.
Rudely thou wrong’ft my dear heart’s defire,
In finding fault with her too portly pride. Spenfer.
Your Argofies with portly fail,
Like fipniors and rich burghers on the flood.
Or as it were the pageants of the fea,
Do overpeer the petty traffickers. Shalefp.
A portly prince, and goodly to the fight,
He feem’d a fon of Anak for his height. Dryden.
2. Bulky; fwelling.
A goodly, portly man and a corpulent; of achearful look,
a pleafing eye, and a moft noble carriage. ShakeJp.
Our houfe little deferves
The fcourge of greatnefs to be ufed on it;
And that fame greatnefs too, which our own hands
Have help’d to make fo portly. ShakeJp. Henry IV.
Pc/rtman. n. f. [port and man.] An inhabitant or burgefs,
as thofe of the cinque ports. Ditt,
Portmanteau, n. f. [portemantcau. Fr.j A cheft or bag in
which cloaths are carried.
I defired him to carry one of my portmanteaus; but he
laughed, and bid another do it. ... Spectator.
Po'rtoise. n.f In fea language, a fhip is faid to ride a portoife, when fhe rides with her yards ftruck down to the
dtxlc .
Portrait, n.f. [pourtrait, Fr.] A picture drawn after the
life. .
As this idea of perfeilion is of little ufe in portraits, 01 the
refemblances of particular perfons, fo neither is it in the cha¬
racters of comedy and tragedy, which are always to be drawn
with lome fpecks of frailty, iueh as they have been delcrtbe
in hiftory. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
The figure of his body was ftrong, proportionable, beau¬
tiful; and were his picture well drawn, it muft deferve the
praife given to the portraits of Raphael. Prior.
To Portrait, v. a. [portraire, Fr. from the noun.] To
draw; to portray. It is perhaps ill copied, and fliould be
written in the following examples portpay.
In moft exquilite pictures, they blaze and portrait not only
the dainty lineaments or beauty, but alio round about fbadow
the rude thickets and craggy cliffs. Spenfer.
I portrait in Arthur before he'was king, the image of a
brave knight, perfected in the twelve private moral virtues.
Spenfer.
Portraiture, n.f. [portraiture^ Fr. from portray.'] Picture;
painted refemblance.
By the image of my caufe I fee
The portraiture of his. Shakcfp. Hamlet.
Let fome itrange myfterious dream.
Wave at his wings in airy ftream
Of lively portra turc difplay’d,
Softly on my eye-lids laid. Milton.
Herein w^s alio the portraiture of a hart. Broun.
P O S
This is the portraiture of our earth, drawn without
flattery. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Her wry-mouth’d portraiture
Difplay’d the fates her confelfors endure. Pope.
He delineates and gives us the portraiture of a perfeCt
orator. Baker s Reflections on Learning.
To PO'RT RAY. v. a. [pourtraire, Fr.j
1. To paint; to deferibe by picture.
The Earl of Warwick’s ragged ftaft is yet to be feen por¬
trayed in many places of their church lteeple. Carew.
Take a tile, and fo portray upon it the city Jerufalcm. Ez.
Our Phenix queen was portra)ed too bright,
Beauty alone could beauty take fo right. Dryden.
2. To adorn with pictures.
Shields
Various, with boaftful argument portray'd. Milton.
PoRtress. n.f. [from porter J A female guardian of agate.
fanitrix.
Theportrefs of hell-gate reply’d. Milton s Par. Lofl.
The fhoes put on, our faithful portrefs
Admits us in to ftorm thefortrefs ;
While like a cat with walnuts (hod.
Stumbling at ev’ry ftep fhe trod. Swift's Mifeel.
PoRwigle. n.f A tadpole or young frog not yet fully fhaped.
That black and round fubftance began to grow oval, after
a while the head, the eyes, the tail to be difcernible, and at
laft to become that which the ancients called gyrinus, we a
porwigle or tadpole. Brown s Vulgar Errcurs.
PqRy. adj. [poreux, Fr. from pore.] Full of pores.
To the court arriv’d th’ admiring fon
Beholds the vaulted roofs of pory ftone. Dryden.
To POSE. v. a. [from pofe, an old word fignifying heavinefs
or ftupefa&ion. gepofe. Skinner.]
r. To puzzle'; to gravel; to put to a ftand or flop.
Learning was pos'd, philofophy was fet,
Sophifters taken in a fifher’s net Herbert.
How God's eternal fon fliould be man’s brother,
Pofcth his proudeft intclleCfual power. Crajhaw.
As an evidence of human infirmities, I fhall give the fol¬
lowing inftances of our intellectual blindnefs, not that I defign to pofe them with thofe common enigma’s of magnetifm.
Glanvill’s Sccpf.
Particularly in learning of languages, there is leaft occaficn
for pofing of children. Locke on Education.
2. To appofe ; to interrogate.
She in the prefer.ee of others pofed him and fifted him,
thereby to try whether he were indeed the very duke of York
or no. Bacon's Henry VII.
Po'ser. n.f [from pofe.] One that afketh queftions to try
capacities ; an examiner.
He that quefiioneth much, fhall learn much ; but let his
queftions not be troublefome, for that is fit for a pofer. Bacon.
Posi ted. adj. [pofltus, Lat. It has the appearance of a parti¬
ciple prefer, but it has no verb.] Placed ; ranged.
Thatthe principle that fets on work thefe organs is nothing
elfe but the modification of matter, or the natural motion
thereof thus, or thus poflted or difpofed, is moft apparently''
falfe. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Position. n.f. [pofltion, Fr. pofltio, Latin.J
1. State of being placed ; fituation.
Iron having flood long in a window, being thence taken,
and by the help of a cork balanced in water, where it may
have a free mobility, will bewray a kind of inquietude til] it
attain the former pofltion. IVitton.
They are the happieft regions for fruits, by the excellence
of foil, the pofltion of mountains, and the frequency of
ftreams. Temple.
Since no one fees all, and we have different profpe&s of
the fame thing, according to our different pofliions to it, it is
not incongruous to try whether another may not have notions
that efcaped him. Locke.
By varying thepofltion of my eye, and moving it nearer to
or farther from the direCl beam of the fun’s light, the colour
of the fun’s reflected light conftantly varied upon the fpeculum
as it did upon my eye. Newton’s Opticks.
We have a different profpeCI: of the fame thing, according
to the different pofltion of our underftandings toward it. Watts.
Place ourfelves in fuch a pofltion toward the object, or place
the objedt in fuch a pofltion toward our eye, as may give us
the cleareft representation of it; for a differentpoflticn greatly
alters the appearance of bodies. Watts's Logick.
2. Principle laid down.
Of any offence or fin therein committed againft God, with
what conlcience can ye accufe us, when your own pcfltions
are, that the things we obferve fhould every one of them be
dearer unto us than ten theufand lives. Hooker.
Let not the proof of any portions depend on the poflticns
that follow, but always on thole which go'before. Watts.
3. Advancement of any principle.
• A fallacious illation is to conclude from the pofltion of the
antecedent unto the pofltion of the consequent, or the remotion of the ccnfequcm to the remotion of the antecedent. Bro.
4.[In
f
Po3
4.[In grammar.] The Hate of a vowel placed before two
conl'onants, as pompous ; or a double confonant, as axle.
Positional, adj, [from pofition.] RefpeCling polition.
The leaves of cataputia or fpurge plucked upwards or
downwards, performing their operations by purge or Vomit;
as old wives ftill do preach, is a Itrange conceit, aferibing unto
plants po/tttonal operations. Brown's Vulgar Errours,
POSITIVE, adj. [pofitivus, Lit. poftif Fr.]
1. Not negative; capable of being affirmed ; real; abfolute.
The power or blollom is a pofitive good, although the re¬
move ot it, to give place to the fruit, be a comparative
good. _ Bacon.
Ilardnefs carries fomewhat more of poftive in it than im¬
penetrability, which is negative; and is perhaps more a conlequence of l'olidity, than lolidity itfelf. Locke.
Whatfoever doth or can exift, or be confidered as one
thing, is pofitive ; and fo not only Ample ideas and fubftances,
but^modes alio are poftive beings, though the parts, of which
they confift, are very often relative one to another. Locke.
2. Abfolute; particular ; direCl ; not implied.
As for pojitive words, that he would not bear arms againft
king Edward s fon ; though the words feem calm, yet it was
a plain and direCl over-ruling of the king’s title. Bacon.
3. Dogmatical; ready to lay down notions with confidence ;
flubborn in opinion.
I am fometimes doubting, when I might be pofitive, and
fometimes confident out of feafon. Rymer.
Some pofitive perfifting fops we know.
That, if once wrong, will needs be always fo ;
But you, with pleafure own your errors pall.
And make each day a critick on the laft. Pope.
4. Settled by arbitrary appointment. ,
In laws, that which is natural, bindeth univerfalJy, that
which is pofitive, not fo. Hooker.
Although no laws but pofitive be mutable, yet all are not
mutable which be pofitive; pofitive laws are either permanent
or elfe changeable, according as the matter itfelf is, concern¬
ing which they were made. Hooker.
Laws are butpofitive; love’s pow’r we fee.
Is nature’s fan&ion, and her firft decree. Dryden.
5. Having the power to enaCt any law.
Not to confent to the enabling of fuch a law, which has
no view befides the general good, unlefs another law Ihall
at the fame time pafs, with no other view but that of ad¬
vancing the power of one party alone; what is this but to
claim a pofitive voice, as well as a negative. Swift.
6. Certain; allured. Ainfworth.
Positively, adv. [from pofitive.']
1. Abfolutely; by way of direCl pofition.
Give me fome breath, fome little paufe.
Before I poftively fpeak in this. Shakefp. Rich. III.
The good or evil, which is removed, may be elleemed
good or evil comparatively, and not poftively or fimply. Bacon.
2. Not negatively.
It is impoffible that any fucceffive duration fhould be ac¬
tually and poftively infinite, or have infinite fucceifions already
gone and pail. Bentley's Sermons.
3. Certainly ; without dubitation.
It wTas abfolutely certain, that this part was poftively yours,
and could not poifibly be written by any other. Dryden.
4. Peremptorily; in llrong terms.
I would afk any man, that has but once read the bible,
whether the whole tenor of the divine law does not poftively
require humility and meeknefs to all men. Sprat.
PoSitiveness. n. f. [from poftive.]
1. Actualnefs; not mere negation.
The poftivenefs of fins of commiffion lies both in the habi¬
tude of the will and in the executed aCt too ; whereas thopoftivenefs of fins of omilfion is in the habitude of the will
only. Norris,
2. Peremptorinefs ; confidence.
This peremptorinefs is of two forts; the one a magifterialnefs in matters of opinion and fpeculation, the other a pof¬
tivenefs in relating matters of fad; in the one we impofe
upon men s underltandings, in the other on their faith.
Government of the Tongue.
Positi'vity. n.f [from poftive.] Peremptorinefs; confi¬
dence. A low word.
Courage and poftivity are never more necefiary than on
inch an occafion ; but it is good to join fome argument with
them of real and convincing force, and let it be ltrongly pro¬
nounced too. IVMs's Improvement of the Mind.
P./siture. n.f. [poftura, hat.] 1 he manner in which any
thing is placed.
Suppoling the pofture of the party’s hand who did throw
the dice, and fuppofing all other things, which did concur to
the production of that call, to be the very fame they were,
there is no doubt but in this cafe the call is necefiary. Bramh.
Pi/sNET. n.f [from baffmet, Fr. Skinner.] A little bafon ;
a porringer ; a Ikillet.
To make proof of the incorporation of filver and tin in
equal quantity, and alfo whether it yield no foilinefs more
than filver ; and again whether it will endure the ordinary
PCS
fire, which belongeth to chaffing-diflies, pofnets and fuch
other filver vefiels. Bacon.
POSSE, n.f. [Latin.] An armed power; from pojfe comitatus, the power of the fhires. A low word.
The pojfe comitatus, the power of the whole county, is
legally committed unto him. Bacon.
As if the paffion that rules, were the fherifF of the place,
and came with all the pofe, the underftanding is feized. Locke.
To POSSE'SS. v, a. [poffefus, Lat. poffedcr, Fr.]
1. To have as an owner ; to be mailer of; to enjoy or occupy
actually.
She will not let inftruClions enter
Where folly now poffffes ? Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Record a gift.
Here in the court, of all he dies poffefs'd.
Unto his fon. Shakefpeare's Merchant of Venice.
Sundry more gentlemen this little hundred pofjeffeth and
pofleffioneth. Carew's Survey of CornwallL
2. To feize ; to obtain.
The Englilh marched towards the river Efke, intending to
pojfefs a hill called Under-Efke. Haynard.
3. To give pofleffion or command of any thing; to make
mailer of. It has of before that which is poflefled 3 fome¬
times anciently with.
Is he yetpojfefs
How much you would l
—Ay, ay, three thoufand ducats. Shakefp.
This man, whom hand to hand t Hew in fight,
May be pofeffed with fome llore of crowns. Shakefp.
This poffefes us of the moll valuable blelfing of human
life, friendlhip. Government of the Tongue.
Seem I to thee fufficiently poffefs'd
Of happinefs or not, who am alone
From all eternity? Milton's Par. Lof, b. viii.
I hope to pojfefs chymills and corpufcularians of the ad¬
vantages to each party, by confederacy between them. Boyle.
The intent of this fable is to pojfefs us of a juft fenfe of
the vanity of thefe craving appetites. L'Efrange.
Whole houfes, of their whole defires poffef.
Are often ruin’d at their own requeft. Dryden.
Of fortune’s favour long poffefs'd.
He was with one fair daughter only blefs’d. Dryden•.
We pojfejfed ourfelves ofthe kingdom of Naples, the dutchy
of Milan and the avenue of France in Italy. Addifon.
Endowed with the greateft perfedions of nature, and
pojfejfed of all the advantages of external condition, Solomon
could not find happinefs. Prior.
4. To fill with fomething fixed.
It is of unfpeakable advantage to pojfefs our minds with an
habitual good intention, and to aim all our thoughts, words
and aClions at fome laudable end. Addifon,
Thofe, under the great officers, know every little cafe that
is before the great man, and it they are pofeffed with honeft
minds, will confider poverty as a recommendation. Addif
5. To have power over, as an unclean fpirit.
Beware what fpirit rages in your breaft ;
For ten infpir’d, ten thoufand are pojfef. Rofcommon,
Infpir’d within, and yet pojfefs'd without. Gleaveland.
I think, that the man is pofeffed. Swift,
6. To affeCl by inteftine power.
He’s poffef with greathefs,
And fpeaks not to himfelf, but with a pride
That quarrels at felf-breath. Shakefp. Troil. and Cref
Let not your ears defpife my tongue,
Which {hall pojfefs them with the heavieft found
That ever yetthey heard. Shakefp,
Poffef with rumours full, of idle dreams.
Not knowing what they fear, but full of fear. Shakefp.
What fury, O fon,
Poffeffes thee* to bend that mortal dart
Againft thy father’s head ? Milton's Par. Lof, b. ii.
With the rage of all their race poffef,
Stung to the foul the brothers ftart from reft. P0pe
Possession, n.f [poffeffion, Fr. poffeffo, Lat.]
1. The ftate of owning or having in one’s own hands of power •
property.
He Ihall inherit her, and his generation Ihall hold her in
Poffffcn. Eccluf iv l6.
In poffeffion fuch, not only of right*
I call you.
2. I he thing poflefled.
Do nothing to lofethe hekpoffeffion of life, that of honour
and truth. v .
A man has no right over another's life, by his having a
property in land and poffeffions. J
To Posse'ssioN. v. a. To invert with property. Obfolete/'
poffJfionltL °fe gCntlemeft this little hunched poflHTeth and
Posse ssioner. n.f. [from poffeffion.] Mafler; one that has
the power or property of any thing.
hey were people, whom having been of old freemen and
pofeftoners, the Lacedemonians had conquered. Sidney.
20 c Possessive.
/
/
P o s
Possessive, adj. [poffeffvus, Lat.] Having poflefliort:
Po ssessory. adj. [pofjeffoire,Fr. frompoffefs.\ Having pofleffion.
This he detains from the ivy much againft his will ; for
he Ihould be the true poffeffory lord thereof. Howel.
Possf/ssour. n.f. [poffeffor, Lat. poffeffeur, Fr.] Owner j
mailer ; proprietor.
Thou profoundeft hell
Receive thy new poffcffor. Milton.
A confiderable difference lies between the honour of men
lor natural and acquired excellencies and divine graces, that
thofe having more of human nature in them, the honour doth
more directly redound to the poffeffor of them. Stillingfleet.
’Twas the intereft of thofe, who thirfted after the poffeffions of the clergy, to reprefent the poffeffors in as vile colours
as they could. Atterbury s Sermons.
Po'sset. n.f. [pofca, Lat.] Milk curdled with wine or any
acid.
We’ll have a poffet at the latter end of a feacoal fire. Shak.
In came the bridemaids with th& poffet,
The bridegroom eat in fpight. Suckling.
I allowed him medicated broths, poffet ale and pearl
julep. IVifeman's Surgery.
A fparing diet did her health allure;
Or fick, a pepper pofl'et was her cure. Dryden.
The cure of the ftone confifts in vomiting with poffet drink,
in which althea roots are boiled. Flayer on the Humours.
Increafe the milk when it is diminilhed by the too great ufe
of flelh meats, by gruels and poffet drink. Arbuthnot.
To Po'sset. v. a. [from the noun.] To turn; to curdle:
as milk with acids. Not ufed.
Swift as quickfilver it courfes through
The nat’ral gates and allies of the body ;
And, with a fudden vigour, \t &ot\\ poffet
And curd, like eager droppings into milk.
The thin and wholefome blood. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Possibility, n.f. [pofliblilitr, Fr.] The power of being in
any manner ; the Hate of being poffible.
There is no let, but that as often as thofe books are read,
and need fo requireth, the ftile of their differences may ex¬
prefly be mentioned to bar even all peffibility of error. Hooker.
Brother, fpeak with poffibilities,
And do not break into thefe woeful extremes. Shakefp:
Confider him antecedently to his creation, while he yet
lay in the barren womb of nothing, and only in the number
of poffibilities ; and confequently could have nothing to re¬
commend him to Chrift’s affe&ion. South's Sermons.
A bare poffibility, that a thing may be or not be, is no juft
caufe of doubting whether a thing be or not. Tillotfon.
According to the multifarioufnefs of this imitability, fo are
the poffibilities of being. Norris.
Example not only teaches us our duty, but convinces us of
the poffibility of our imitation. Rogers's Sermons.
POSSIBLE, adj. [poffible, Fr. poffibilis, Lat.] Having the
power to be or to be done; not contrary to the nature of
things.
Admit all thefe impoftibilities and great abfurdities to be
poffible and convenient. IVhitgifte.
With men this is impoflible, but with God all things are
poffible. , Mat. xix. 26.
All things are poffible to him that believeth. Mar. ix. 23.
Firm we fubfill, but poffible to fwerve. Milton.
It will fcarce feem poffible, that God fhould engrave prin¬
ciples in men’s minds in words of uncertain fignification. Locke.
Set a pleafure tempting, and the hand of the Almighty vifibly prepared to take vengeance, and tell whether it be poffible
for people wantonly to offend againft the law. Locke.
Po'ssibly. adv. [from pbffble.']
1. By any power really exifting.
Within the compafs of which laws, we do not only com¬
prehend whatfoever may be eafily known to belong to the
duty of all men, but even whatfoever may poffbly be known
to be of that quality. Hooker, b. i. f. 8.
Can we poffbly his love defert ? Milton.
2. Perhaps; without abfurdity.
Poffbly he might be found in the hands of the earl ofEflex,
but he would be dead firft. Clarendon, b. viii.
Arbitrary power tends to make a man a bad fovereign, who
might poffbly have been a good one, had he been inverted
with an authority circumfcrib’d by laws. Addifon.
POST. n.f. [pofle, Fr. equis pofitis curfor.]
j. A hafty mdfenger; a courier who comes and goes at ftated
times ; commonly a letter carrier.
In certain places there be always frefh pofls, to carry that
farther which is brought unto them by the other. Abbot.
T hee I’ll rake up, the pofl unfandtified
Of murth’rous lechers. Shakefp. King Lear.
I fear my Julia would not deign my lines,
Receiving them by fuch a worthlefs pofl. Shakefp.
A cripple in the way out-travels a footman, or a pofl out
of the way. Benj. fohnfon's bifeov.
] fend you the fair copy of the poem on dulncfs, which I
fhould not care to hazard by the common pofl. Pope.
P O S
2. Quick courfe or manner of travelling. 1 his is the fenfe in
which it is taken ; but the exprellion feems elliptical to ride
poll, is to ride as a port, or to ride in the manner of a poft ;
courir en pofle ; whence Shakefpeare, to ride in poll.
I brought my mafter news of Juliet’s death.
And then in pofl he came from Mantua
To this fame monument. Shakefp. Romeo and “Juliet.
Sent from Media pofl to Egypt. Milton.
He who rides pofl through an unknown country, cannot
diftinguilh the fituation of places. Dryden.
3. [Pofle, Fr. from pofltus, Lat.] Situation; feat.
The waters rife every where upon the furface of the
earth ; which new pofl, when they had once leized on, they
would never quit. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
4. Military ftation.
See before the gate what ftalking ghoft
Commands the guard, what fentries keep the pofl. Dryd.
As I watch’d the gates,
Lodg’d on my pofl, a herald is arriv’d
From Caefar’s camp. Addifon s Cato«
Whatever fpirit carelefs of his charge
His pofl negledts, or leaves the fair at large.
Shall feel fharp vengeance. Pope.
Each of the Grecian captains he reprefents conquering a
fingle Trojan, while Diomed encounters two at once; and
when they are engaged, each in his diftinct pofl, he only is
drawn fighting in every quarter. Pope.
5. Place ; employment; office.
Everyman has hispofl alfigned to him, and in that ftation
he is well, if he can but think himfelf fo. L'Eflrange.
Falfe men are not to be taken into confidence, nor fearful
men into a pofl that requires refolution. L'Eflrange.
Without letters a man can never be qualified for any confi¬
derable pofl in the camp ; for courage and corporal force, unlefs joined with condudt, the ulual effects of contemplation,
is no more fit to command than a tempeft. Collier.
While you, my lord, the rural fhades admire.
And from Britannia’s publick pofls retire.
Me into foreign realms my fate conveys. Addifon.
Certain laws, by fuff’rers thought unjuft,
Deny’d &\\ pofls of profit or of truft. Pope.
Many thoufands there are, who determine thejuftice or
madnefs of national adminiftrations, whom neither God nor
men ever qualified for fuch a pofl of judgment. JVatts.
6. [Psflis, Lat.] A piece of timber let ere&.
The blood they fhall ftrike on the two fide pofls and upper
pofl of the houfe. Kx. xii. 7*
Fir-trees, cypreffes and cedars being, by a kind of natural
rigour, inflexible downwards, are thereby fitted: for pofls or
pillars. Wottons Architecture.
Pofl is equivocal 5 it is a piece of timber, or a fwift meffenger. IVatts s Logick.
To Post. v. n. \p>ofler, Fr. from the noun.] To travel with
fpeed.
I pofled day and night to meet you. Shakefp.
Will you prefently take horfe with him,
And with all fpeed pofl with him tow’rds the North ? Shak.
Pofl fpeedily to my lord, your hufband.
Shew him this letter. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Moft wicked fpeed, to pofl
With fuch dexterity to inceftuous lheets. Shakefp.
Then this, then that man’s aid, they crave, implore;
Pofl here for help, feek there their followers. Darnel.
The Turkilh meffenger prefently took horfe, which was
there in readinefs for him, and pofled towards Conftantinople
with as much fpeed as he could. Knolles.
Themiftocles made Xerxes pofl apace out of Greece, by
giving out that the Grecians had a purpofe to break his bridge
of (hips athwart the Hellefpont. Bacon s EfJ'ays.
Wer’t thou of the golden-winged hoft.
Who having clad thyfelf in human weed.
To earth from thy prefixed feat did’ft pofl. Milton.
Thoufands at his bidding fpeed.
And pofl o’er land and ocean without reft. Milton.
With longs and dance we celebrate the day ;
At other times we reign by night alone.
And pofling through the Ikies purfue the moon. Dryden.
No wonder that paftorals are fallen into dilefteem; I lee
the reader already uneafy at this part of Virgil, counting the
pages, and pofling to the iEneis. IValfh.
This only objedl of my real care.
In fome few pofling fatal hours is hurl’d
From wealth, from pow’r, from love and from the world.
Prior.
To Post. v. a.
I. To fix opprobrioufly on ports.
Many gentlemen, for their integrity in their votes, were,
bv boding their names, expofed to the popular calumny and
fury. Xing Charlet.
On pain of being pofled to your forrow.
Fail not, at four, to meet me. Granville.
2. To place >
P o s
2. [Pojler, Fr.] To place; toftation; to fix.
The confcious prieft, who was fuborn’d before,
Stood ready pojiedat the poftern door. Dryden.
He that proceeds upon other principles in his enquiry into
any fciences, puts himfelf on that fidq, and pojis himfelf in a
party, which he will not quit till he be beaten out. Locke.
When a man is pojied in the ftation of a minifter, he is
fure, befide the natural fatigue of it, to incur the envy of
Come, and the difpleafure of others. Addifon's Freeholder.
2. To regifter methodically ; to tranfcribe from one book into
another. A term common among merchants.
You have not pojied your books thefe ten years ; how
fhould a man of bulinefs keep his affairs even at this rate ?
, Arbuthnot.
4. To delay. Obfolete.
1 have not ftopt mine ears to their demands.
Nor pojied off their fuits with flow delays ;
Then why fhould they love Edward more than me.
Shakefpeare.
Po'stage. n. f. [from poji.] Money paid for conveyance of
a letter.
Fifty pounds for the pojiage of a letter! to fend by the
church, is the deareft road in Chriftendom. Dryden.
Postboy, n. f. [poji and boy.] Courier; boy that rides poft.
This genius came thither in the Ihape of a pojiboy, and
cried out, that Mons was relieved. Tatler.
To Postdate, v. a. [poji, after, Lat. and date.] To date
later than the real time.
Postdilu vian, adj. [poji and diluvium, Lat.J Pofteriour to
the flood.
Take a view of the pojidiluvian ftate of this our globe,
how it hath flood for this laft four thoufand years. Woodw.
Postdilu vian. n. f. [poji and diluvium, Lat.J One that
lived lince the flood.
The antidiluvians lived a thoufand years; and as for the
age of the pojidiluviam for fome centuries, the annals of
Phoenicia, Egypt and China agree with the tenor of the facred ftory. Crew's Cofmol. b. iv.
Po'ster. n.f. [from poji.] A courier; one that travels haftily.
Weird fitters hand in hand,
Poflers of the fea and land.
Thus do go about. Shakefp. Macbeth.
POSTE'RIOR. adj. [pojierior, Lat. pojlerieur, Fr.]
j. Happening after ; placed after ; following.
Where the anterior body giveth way, as faft as the pojierior
cometh on, it maketh no noife, be the motion never fo
great. Bacon.
No care was taken to have this matter remedied by the ex¬
planatory articles, pojierior to the report. Addifon.
Hefiod was pojierior to Homer. Broome.
This orderly difpofition of things includes the ideas of
prior, pojierior and fimultaneous, Watts's Logick.
2. Backward.
And now had fame’s pojierior trumpet blown.
And all the nations fummon’d. Dunciad, b. iv.
Poste'riors. n.f. [pojieriora, Lat.J The hinder parts.
To raife one hundred and ten thoufand pounds, is as vain
as that of Rabelais, to fqueeze out wind from thepojierjors of
a dead afs. Swift.
Posteriority, n.f [pojleriorite, Fr. from pojierior.’] The
flate of being after; oppofite to priority.
Although the condition of fex and pojieriority of creation
might extenuate the error of a woman, yet it was unexcufable
in the man. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
There muft be a pojieriority in time of every compounded
body, to thefe more Ample bodies out of which it is conftituted. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Poste'rity. n.f. [pojlerite, Fr. pojieritas, Lat.J Succeeding
generations; defendants : oppofed to anceftors.
It was faid,
It fhould not ftand in thy pojierity;
But that myfelf fhould be the father
Of many kings. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Since arms avail not now that Henry’s dead !
Pojierity await for wretched years. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Pojierity inform’d by thee might know. Milton.
Their names fhall be tranfmitted to pojierity, and fpoken of
through all future ages. Smalridge's Sermons.
To th’ unhappy, that unjuftly bleed,
Heav’n gives pojierity t’ avenge the deed. Pope.
Po'ster N. n.f. [poterne, Fr. pojierne, Dutch; janua pojiica,
Lat.J A fmall gate; a little door.
E’re dawning light
Difcover’d had the world to heaven wide.
He by a privy pojiern took his flight,
That of no envious eyes he mote be fpy’d. Fa. Jjhteen.
Go on, good Eglamour,
Out at the pojiern by the abby wall. Shakefpeare.
By broken bywayes did I inward pafs,
And in that window made a pojiern wide. Fairfax.
Thefe ifl’ued into the bafe court through a privy pojiern,
and fharply vifited the aflailants witji halberds. Hayward.
P O S
Great Britain hath had by his majefly a ftrong addition j
the pojiern, by which we were fo often entered and furprifed,
is now made up. Raleigh's Ejfayu
The confcious prieft, who was fuborn'd before,
Stood ready potted at the pojlctn door. Dryden.
If the nerves, which are the conduits to convey them from
without to the audience in the brain; be fo difordered, as not
to perform their functions, they have no pojiern to be ad¬
mitted by, no other ways to bring themfelves into view. Locke.
A private pojiern opens to my gardens
Through which the beauteous captivemight remove. Rotve.
Postexi'stence. n.f. [poji and exi/lence.J Future exiftencc.
As Simonides has expofed the vicious part of women from
the do&rinc of pre-exiftence, fome of the ancient philolb- .
phers have fatyrized the vicious part of the human fpecies
from a notion of the foul’s pojiexijtence. Addifon's Sped.
Postha'ckne y. n.f. [poji and hackney.J Hired polthorfes.
Elpying the French ambaflador with the king’s coach at¬
tending him, made them balk the beaten road and teach pojihackneys to leap hedges. Wottort.
Postha ste. n. f. [poji and hajie.J Hafte like that of a cou¬
rier.
This is
The fource of this our watch, and the chief head
Of thispojihajie and romage in the land. Shakeft.
The duke
Requires your hafte, pojihajie appearance,
Ev’n on the inftant. Shakefp. Othello.
This man tells us, that the world waxes old, thougk not in
pojihajie. Hakewill on Providence.
Posthorse, n.f. [poji and horfe.J A horfe ftationed for the
ufe of couriers.
He lay under a tree, while his fervants were getting frefh
pojihorjes for him. Sidney, b. ii.
He cannot live, I hope ; and muft not die,
Till George be pack’d with pojlhorfe up to heav’n Shakefp.
Xaycus was forthwith befet on every fide and taken prifoner, and by pojlhorfes conveyed with all fpeed to Conftantinople. Ktiolles's Hijiory of the Turks.
Posthouse, n.f. [poji and houfe.] Poft office; houfe where
letters are taken and difpatched.
An officer at the pojihoufe in London places every letter he
takes in, in the box belonging to the proper road. Watts.
Posthumous, adj. [pojlhumus, Lat. pojihume, Fr.] Done,
had, or publifhed after one’s death.
In our prefent miferable and divided condition, how juft
foever a man s pretenfions may be to a great or blamelefs re¬
putation, he muft, with regard to his pojlhumous chara£ter.
Content himfelf with fuch a confideration as induced the fa¬
mous Sir Francis Bacon, after having bequeathed his foul to
God, and his body to the earth, to leave his fame to foreign
nations. Addifon's Freeholder, N° 35.
Po'stick. adj. [pojiicus, Lat.J Backward.
The pojlick and backward polltioii of the feminine parts in
quadrupeds can hardly admit the fubftitution of mafeuline ge¬
neration. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PO'STIL. n.f. [pojiille, Fr. pojiilia, Lat.J Glofs ; marginal
notes.
To Po'stil. v. a. [from the noun.] To glofs; to illuftrate
with marginal notes.
I have feen a book of account of Empfon’s, that had the
king’s hand almoft to every leaf by way of figning, and was
in lome places pojiilled in the margin with the king’s hand.
Bacon's Henry VII.
Posti'ller. n.f [from pojiil.] One who glofles or illuftrates
with marginal notes.
It hath been obferved by many holy writers, commonly
delivered bypojiillers and commentators. Brown.
Hence you phantaftick pojiillers in fong.
My text defeats your art, ties nature’s tongue. Cleaveland.
Posti'lion. n.f. [pojiillon, French.]
1. One who guides the firft pair of a fet of fix horfes in a coach.
A young batchelor of arts came to town recommended to
a chaplain s place ; but none being vacant, modeftly accepted
of that of a poHilion. Tatler, N° 52.
2. One who guides a poft chaife.
Postlimi'nious. adj. [pojiliminium, Lat.J Done or contrived
fubfequently.
The reafon why men are fo fhort and weak in governing,
is, becaule moft things fall out to them accidentally, and
come not into any compliance with their pre-conceiv’d ends
but are forced to comply fubfequently, and lo ftrike in with
things as they fall out, by pojlliminious after-applications of
them to their purpofes. Sewi'j Sermon.
Postmaster, n.f. [pojiand majier.} One who has charge
of publick conveyance of letters.
1 came yonder at Eaton to marry Mrs. Anne Page ; and
7najerjj °y* Sbakejp. Merry Wives offVindjcr.
u out [ 1S let^r» as he believes that happy revolution
ia never been effected, he prays to be made pofimafier
general. Spedator, N» 629.
Postmaster-
P o s POT
Postma'ster-general. n.f He who prefides o\Ti- the
ports or letter carriers.
Postmeridian, adj. [pojlmeridianus, Lat.] Being in the
' afternoon.
Over hafty digcftion is the inconvenience of pojlmeridian
fleep. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Po'stoffice. n.f. [pojl and office.] Office where letters are
delivered to the port ; a pofthoufe.
If you don’t fend to me now and then, the pofoffice will
think me of no confequence; for I have no correl'pondent
but you. Gay to Swijct.
If you are fent to the pojloffice with a letter, put it in care¬
fully. Swift.
To Postpo'ne. v. a. [pojlpono, Lat. pojlpojer, Fr.]
1. To put off; to delay.
You wou’dpojlpone me to another reign,
Till when you are content to be unjuft. Dryden.
The moft trifling amufement is fullered to pojlpone the one
thing neceffary. Rogers’s Sermons.
2. To fet in value below fomething elfe.
All other conrtderations fhould give way, and be pojlponed
to this. Locke on Education.
Postscript, n.f. [poji andfcriptum, Lat.] The paragraph
added to the end of a letter.
I think he prefers the publick good to his private opinion ;
and therefore is willing his proposals fhould with freedom be
examined : thus I underftand his pojlfcript. Locke.
One, when he wrote a letter, would put that which was
moft material in the pojlfcript. Bacon’s Effiays.
The following letter I Ihall -give my reader at length, with¬
out either preface or pojlfcript. Addifons Spectator.
Your faying that I ought to have writ a pojlfcript to Gay’s,
makes me not content to write lefs than a whole letter. Pope.
To POSTULATE, v. a. [pojlulo, Lat. pojluler, Fr.] To
beg or affume without proof.
They moft powerfully magnify God, who, not from pojlulated
and precarious inferences, entreat a courteous affent, but from
experiments and undeniable effects. Brown.
Po'stulate. n. f. [pojlulatum, Lat.] Porttion fuppofed or
affirmed without proof.
This we Ihall induce not from pojlulates and intreated
maxims, but from undeniable principles. Brown.
Some have caft all their learning into the method of mathe¬
maticians, under theorems, problems and pojlulates. Watts.
Postula'tion. n.f. [pjlulatio, Lat. pojlulation, v'r. from
pojlulate.] The a£t of fuppofing without proof; gratuitous
affumption.
A fecond pojlulation to elicit my affent, is the veracity of
him that reports it. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
PoStulatory. adj. [from pojlulate.']
1. Affirming without proof.
2. Affirmed without proof.
Whoever fhall perufe the phytognomy of Porta, and ftridUy
obferve how vegetable realities are forced into animal reprefentations, may perceive the femblance is but pojlulatory. Bro.
PoSture. n. f. [pojlure, Fr. pofitura, Latin.]
1. Place; fituation.
Although thefe ftudies are not fo pleafing as contemplations
phyftcal or mathematical, yet they recompenl’e with the ex¬
cellency of their ufe in relation to man, and his nobleft pojlure
and ftation in this world, a ftate of regulated fociety. Hale.
According to the pojlure of our affairs in the laft campaign,
this prince could have turned the balance on either fide. Addif.
2. Voluntary collocation of the parts of the body with refpedt
to each other.
He ftarts,
Then lays his finger on his temple ; ftrait
Springs out into faft gait; then ftops again,
Strikes his breaft hard, and then anon he carts
His eyes againft the moon, in moft ftrange pojlures. Shak.
Where there are affections of reverence, there will be paJlures of reverence. South’s Sermons.
The pojlure of a poetick figure is the defcription of his he¬
roes ip the performance of fuch or fuch an adtion. Dryden.
In the meaneft marble ftatue, one fees the faces, pojlwes,
airs and drefs of thofe that lived fo many ages before us. Add.
. 3. State ; dilpofition.
The lord Hopton left Arundel-caftle, before he had put it
into the good pojlure he intended. Clarendon, A. viii.
I am at the fame point and pojlure I wras, when they forced
me to leave Whitehall. King Charles.
In this dbjeSi pojlure have ye fworn
T adore the conqueror. Milton.
1 he leveral pojlures of his devout foul in all conditions of
life, are difplayed with great fimplicity. Atterbury.
To Po'sture. v. a. [from the noun.] To put in any par¬
ticular place or dilpofition.
I he gillfins are fo pojlured, as to move from back to belly
and e contra. Grew.
PUSLULALUM. n.f [Latin.] Pofition affumed without
proof.
Calumnies often refuted, are the po/lulatums of fcriblers,
upon which they proceed as upon firft principles. Addijon.
Merck, of Venice.
enlarge upon; I
as
BostuEema'stf.R. n.f. [pojlure nn&majler.] One who teaches
or pradtifes artificial contortions of the body.
When the ftudents have accomplifhed themfelves in this
part, they are to be delivered into the hands of a kind of po~
JluremaJler. Spectator, N° 305.
Po'sy. n.f. [contracted from poely.~\
1. A motto on a ring.
A paltry ring,
That Hie did give me, whole pofy was,
Like cutler’s poetry ;
Love me and leave me not. Shakefp.
You have chofen a very Ihort text to
fhould as foon expedt to fee a critick on the pojy of a ring
on the infeription of a medal. Addifon.
2. A bunch of flowers. Of unknown derivation.
Withftore of vermeil rofes,
To deck their bridegroom’s pofies. Spenfer.
We make a difference between fuffering thirties to grow
among us, and wearing them for pofies. Swift.
Pot. n.f. [pot, Fr. in all the fenfes, and Dutch; potte, Iflandick.]
1. A veffel in which meat is boiled on the fire.
Toad that under the cold ftone
Swelter’d, venom fleeping got;
Boil thou firft i’th’ charmed pot. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Gigantick hinds, as foon as work was done.
To their huge pots of boiling pulfe would run.
Fell to with eager joy. Dryden.
2. Veffel to hold liquids.
The woman left her water pot, and went her way. John.
3. Veffel made of earth.
Whenever potters meet with any chalk or marl mixed with
their clay, though it will with the clay hold burning, yet
whenever any water comes near any fuch pots after they are
burnt, both the chalk and marl will flack and fpoil their
ware. Alortimcr’s Hufbandry.
4. A fmall cup.
But that I think his father loves him not,
I’d have him poifon’d with a pot of ale. Shake rp.
Suppofe your eyes fent equal rays,
Upon two diftant pots of ale,
Not knowing which was mild or ftale. Pritor.
A foldier drinks his pot, and then offers payment. Swift.
5. Togo to Pot. To be deftroyed or devoured. Alowphrafe.
The fheep went firft to pot, the goats next, and after them
the oxen, and all little enough to keep life together. L’Ejl.
John’s ready money went into the lawyers pockets ; then
John began to borro.w money upon the bank ftock, now and
then a farm went to pot. Arbuthnot’s Hijl. of J. Bull.
To Pot. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To preferve feafoned in pots.
Potted fowl and fifh come in fo faft.
That ere the firft is out, the fecond ftinks,
And mouldy mother gathers on the brinks. Dryden.
To inclofe in pots of earth.
Pot them in natural, not forced earth ; a layer of rich
mould beneath, and about this natural earth to nourifh the
2.
fibres, but not fo as to touch the bulbs. Evelyn.
Acorns, mail and other feeds may be kept well, by being
barrelled or potted up with moift fand. Mortimer.
PO'TABLE. adj. [potable, Fr. potabilis, Lat.] Such as may
be drank; drinkable.
Thou beft of gold are worft of gold.
Other lefs fine in carrat, is more precious,
Preferving life in med’eine potable. Shakefpcare.
Dig a pit upon the fea fhore, fomewhat above the high
water mark, and fink it as deep as the low water mark ; and
as the tide cometh in, it will fill with water frefh and
potable. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Rivers run potable gold. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
The faid potable gold fhould be endued with a capacity of
being agglutinated and affimilated to the innate heat. Harvey.
Where folar beams
Parch thirfty human veins, the damafk’d meads
Unforc’d difplay ten thoufand painted flow’rs
Ufeful in potables. Philips.
Po'tableness. n.f. [frompotable.'] Drinkablenefs.
Po'tager. n.f. [from pottageJ A porringer.
An Indian difh or potager, made of the bark of a tree,
with the fides and rim fewed together alter the manner ot
twiggen-work. Grew’s Mufaum*
Pota'rgo. n.f. A Weft Indian pickle.
What lord of old would bid his cook prepare
Mangos, potargo, champignons, cavarre. King.
PoTash. n.f. [potaffie, Fr.] ,
Potajh, in general, is an" impure fixed alcaline fait, made
by burning from vegetables; wc have five kinds oi this fait
now in ufe ; 1. The German petaf), made from burnt wood,
and commonly fold under the name of pearlafhes. 2. The
Spanifh called barilia, made by burning a fpecies ot kali, a
plant which the Spaniards fow in the fields as we do corn.
3. The home-made potajh, made from fern and other ufelefs
2 plants.
POT
plants, colle&cd in large quantities and burnt. 4. The
Swedifh, and 5. Ruffian kinds, with a volatile acid matter
combined with them; but the Ruffian is ftronger than the
Swedifh, which is made of decayed wood only : poiajh is of
great ufc to the manufacturers of foap and glafs, to bleachers
and to dyers; it is alfo an ingredient in fome medicinal compofitions, but the Ruffian potajh is greatly preferable to all the
other kinds. _ Hilts Materia Medica.
Chefhire rock-falt, with a little nitre, allum and potajh, is
the common flux ufed for the running of the plate-glafs.
Woodtbard on FoJJils.
Pota'tion. n.f. [potatio, Lat.] Drinking bout ; draught.
Roderigo,
Whom love hath turned almoft the wrong fide out
To Defdemona, hath to night carouz’d
Potations pottle deep. Shake/p. Othello.
If I had a thoufand ions, the firft human principle I would
teach them, fhould be to forfWear thin potations, and to ad¬
dict themfelves to fack. Shakefpeare s Henry IV.
Pota'to. n.f. [I fuppofe an American word.] An efculent
root.
The red and white potatoes are the moll common efculent
foots now in ufe, and were originally brought from Virginia
into Europe. Miller.
On choiceft melons and fweet grapes they dine.
And with potatoes fat their wanton fwine. Wallen.
The families of farmers live in filth and naftinefs upon
butter-milk and'potatoes. Swift.
Leek to the Welch, to Dutchmen butter’s dear.
Of Irifh fwains potatoe is thechear;
Oats fof their feafts the Scottifh fhepherds grind.
Sweet turnips are the food of Blouzelind j
While fne loves turnips, butter I’ll defpife.
Nor leeks, nor oatmeal, nor potatoe prize. Gay.
PoTBE llied. ad]. [pot and belly.] Having a fwoln paunch.
Potbe'lly. n.f [pot and belly.'] A fwelling paunch.
He will find himfelf a forked fhadling animal and a pot¬
belly. Arbuthnot and Pope.
To Potch. v. a. [packer, Fr. to thruft out the eyes as with
the thumb.]
1. To thruft ; to pufh.
Where
I thought to crufti him in an equal force.
True fword to fword ; I’ll potch at him fome way,
Or wrath or craft may get him. Shakefp. Coriolanus:
2. [Packer, Fr.] To poach ; to boil flightly.
In great wounds, it is rieceffary to obferve a fpare diet, as
panadoes or a potcked egg ; this much availing to prevent in¬
flammation. Wifemahs Surgery.
Po'tcompanion. n.J. A felloW drinker ; a good fellow at
caroufals.
Po'tency. n.f. [potentia, Lat.]
1. Power; influence.
Now arriving
At place of potency and fway o’th’ ftate.
If he fhould ftill malignantly remain
Faft foe to the plebeians, your voices might
Be curfes to yourfelves. Shakefp. Coriolatius.
I would I had your potency. Shakefp.
Thou haft fought to make us break our vow,
To come betwixt our fentence and our power.
Which nor our nature nor our place can bear.
Ourpotency make good. Shakefpeare.
By what name fhall we call fuch an one, as exceedeth God
in potency. Raleigh's Hijlory of the World.
2. Efficacy; ftrength.
Ufe can mafterthe devil, or throw him out
With 'won&'xouspotency. Shakefp. Hamlet.
PORTENT, ad], [potens, Latin.]
I. Powerful; forcible; ftrong; efficacious.
There is nothing more contagious than fome kinds of har¬
mony ; than fome nothing more ftrong and potent unto
good. , Hooker.
Why ftand thefe royal fronts amazed thus ?
Cry havock, kings; back to the ftained field.
You equal patents, fiery kindled fpirits ! Shakefp.
I do believe,
Induc’d by potent circumftances, that
You are mine enemy. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Here’s another
More potent than the firft. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
One would wonder how, from fo differing premiffes, they
fhould infer the fame conclufion, were it not that the confpiration of intereft were too potent for the diverfity of judg¬
ment. Decay of Piety.
When by command
Mofes once more his potent rod extends
Over the fea ; the fea his rod obeys. Milton.
Verfes are the potent charms we ufe,
Heroick thoughts and virtue to infufe. Waller.
The magiftrate cannot urge obedience upon fuch potent
grounds, as the minifter can urge difobedience. South.
POT
How the effluvia of a magnet can be fo rare and fuWe; Os
to pafs through a plate of glafs without any refiftance or di¬
minution of their force, and yet fo potent as to turn a magnetick needle through the glafs. Newton's Opticks.
The chemical preparations arb ttiore vigorous and potent in
their effedts than the galenical. Baker.
Cyclop, fince human flefh has been thy feaft,
Now drain this goblet potent to digeft. Pope:
2. Having great authority or dominion : as, potent monarchs.
Potentate, n.f. ipotentat, Fr.J Monarch; prince; fove-*
reign.
Shakefp.
Shakejp.
Daniel.
This gentleman is come to the.
With commendations from great potentates.
Kings and mightieft potentates muft die.
Thefe defences are but compliments;
To dally with confining potentates.
All obey’d the fuperior voice
Of their great potentate; for great indeed
His name, and high was his degree in heav’m Milton.
Exalting him not only abore earthly princes and potentates,
but above the higheft of the celeftial hierarchy. Boyle.
Each potentate, as wary fear, or ftrength.
Or emulation urg’d, his neighbour s bounds
Invades. Philips.
Potential; ad], [potenciel, Fr. potentialis, Latin.]
1. Exifting in poffibility, not in a£l.
This potential and imaginary materia prima cannot exift
without forth. Raleigh's Hijl. of the Worlds
2. Having the effeeft without the external a&ual property.
The magnifico is much belov’d.
And hath in his effect a voice potential.
As double as the duke’s. Shakep. Othello.
Ice doth not only fubmit unto adlual heat, but indureth
not the potential calidity of many waters. Browns
3. Efficacious ; powerful.
Thou muft make a dullard of the world.
If they not thought the profits of my death
Were very pregnant and potential fpurs
To make thee leek it. Shakefp.
4. In grammar, potential is a mood denoting the pdffibility of
doing any ablion.
Potentiality. n.f [from potential.] Poffibility; not ac¬
tuality.
Manna reprefented to every man the tafte himfelf did like,
but it had in its own potentiality all thofe taftes and difpofitions eminently. Taylor's Worthy Communicant.
God is an eternal fubftance and ail, without potentiality
and matter, the principle of motion, the caufe of nature. Still.
The true notion of a foul’s eternity is this, that the future
moments of its duration can never be all paft and prefent >
but ftill there will be a futurity and potentiality of more for
ever and ever. Bentley's Sermons.
Potentially, adv. [from potential.]
1. In power or poffibility ; not in ail or pofitivelv.
This duration of human fouls is only potentially infinite ;
for their eternity confifts only in an endlefs capacity of continuahee without ever ceafing to be in a boundlefs futurity, that
can never be exhaufted, or all of it be paft or prelent; but
their duration can never be pofitively and ailually eternal,
becaufe it is moft manifeft, that no moment can ever be affigned, wherein it (hall be true, that fuch a foul hath then
ailually fuftained an infinite duration. Bentley.
2. In efficacy; notin ailuality.
They fhould tell us, whether only that be taken out of
feripture which is ailually and particularly there fet down, or
elfe that alfo which the general principles and rules of ferip¬
ture potentially Contain. Hooker, b. ni.
Blacknefs is produced upon the blade of a knife that has
cut four apples, if the juice, though both ailually and potent
tially cold, be not quickly wiped off. Boyle on Colours.
Po'TENTLY. adv. [from potent.] Powerfully; forcibly.
You’re potently oppos’d ; and with a malice
Of as great fize. Shakefp. Henry VIII*
Metals are hardened by often heating and quenching ; for
cold worketh moft potently upon heat precedent. °Bacom
Oil of vitriol, though a potently acid menftruum, will yet
precipitate many bodies mineral, and others diffolved not only
in aquafortis, but in fpirit of vinegar; Boyle*
Pote ntness. n. f. [from potent.] Powerfulnefs; might;
power; 6
Po'tgun. n.f. [by miftake or corruption ufed for popgun.] A
gun which makes a fmall fmart noife. J
An author, thus who pants for fame.
Begins the world with fear and lhame,
When firft in print, you fee him dread
Each potgun levell’d at his head. owl;A», n/rir /
Potha'ngek. n.f. [pot and hanper 1 H 1
°w,f‘.s M,[aL
which .he pot is hung over the foT'] " branCh °"
^°rnnv.C^RY' l [col?traf^ed by pronunciation and poetical
convenience from apothecary j from apothica, Lat. 1 One who
compounds and fells phyfick. J
20 D Modern
POT
Modern 'pothecaries, taught the art
By doctor’s bills to play the dodlor’s part;
Bold in the praftice of miftaken rules,
Prefcribe, apply, and call their mailers fools. Pope.
Po'ther. n.J\ [This word is of double orthography and un¬
certain etymology : it is fometimes writtenpodder, fometimes
pudder, and is derived by Junius fromfoudre, thunder, Fr.
by Skinner from peuteren or petercn, Dutch, to lhake or dig ;
and more probably by a fecond thought from poudre, Fr. duft.J
J. Buftle ; tumult; flutter.
Such a pother,
As if that whatfoever god, who leads him,
Were crept into his human pow’rs.
And gave him graceful pofture. Shakcfp. Coriolanus.
Some hold the one, and fome the other,
But howfoe’er they make a pother. Hudibras.
What a pother has been here with Wood and his brafs,
Who would modeftly make a few halfpennies pafs? Swift.
’Tis yet in vain to keep a pother
About orn^ vice, and fall into the other. Pope.
I always fpeak well of thee,
Thou always fpeak’ft ill of me ;
Yet after all our noife and pother,
The world believes nor one nor Pother. Guardian.
2. Suffocating cloud.
He fuddenly unties the poke.
Which from it fent out fuch a fmoke,
As ready was them all to choke,
So grievous was the pother. Drayton.
To Po'ther. v. a. To make a bluftering ineffectual effort.
He that loves reading and writing, yet finds certain feafons
wherein thofe things have no relifh, only pothers and wearies
himfelf to no purpofe. Locke.
Po'therb. n.f. [pot and herb.~\ An herb fit for the pot.
Sir Triftram telling us tobacco was a potherb, bid the drawer
bring in t’other halfpint. Tatler> 57.
Egypt bafer than the beads they worfhip ;
Below their potherb gods that grow in gardens. Dryden.
Of alimentary leaves, the olera or potherbs afford an excel¬
lent nourifhment ; amongft thofe are the cole or cabbage
kind. Arbuthnot.
Leaves eaten raw are termed fallad ; if boiled, they be¬
come potherbs: and fome of thofe plants, which are potherbs
in one family, are fallad in another. Watts.
Pothook. n.J'. [pot and hook.] Hooks to fallen pots or kettles
with; alfo ill formed or fcrawling letters or characters.
Po tion, n.f [potion^ Fr. potio, Lat.] A draught; com¬
monly a phyfical draught.
For tafles in the taking of a potion or pills, the head and
neck fhake. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
The earl was by nature of fo indifferent a tafle, that he
would flop in the midfl of any phyfical potion, and after he
had licked his lips, would drink off the reft. Wotton.
Moft do tafte through fond intemperate thirft.
Soon as the potion works, their human countenance,
Th’ exprefs refemblance of the gods, is chang’d
Into fome brutifh form of wolf or bear. Milton.
Po'tlid. n.f. [pot and lid.] The cover of a pot.
The columella is a fine, thin, light, bony tube; the bot¬
tom of which fpreads about, and gives it the refemblance of
a wooden potlid in country houfes. Derham.
Potshe'rd. n.f. [pot and Jhard; from fchaerde-y properly potJhard.] A fragment of a broken pot.
At this day at Gaza, they couch potjherds or veffels of
earth in their walls to gather the wind from the top, and pafs
it in fpouts into rooms. Bacon s Nat. Hi/?.
He on the afhes fits, his fate deplores ;
And with a potjherd fcrapes the fwelling fores. Sandys.
Whence come broken potjherds tumbling down.
And leaky ware from garret windows thrown ;
Well may they break our heads. Dryden.
Po'ttage. n.f. [potage, Fr. from pot.] Anything boiled or
decoded for food. See Porridge.
Jacob fod pottage, and Elau came from the field faint. Gen.
Po'tter. n.f. [potier, Fr. from pot.'] A maker of earthen
veffels.
My thoughts are whirled like a potter's wheel. Shakefp.
Some prefs the plants with (herds of potters clay. Dryd.
A potter will not have any chalk or marl mixed with
the clay; for though it will hold burning, yet whenever
any water comes near any fuch pots, it will flack and fpoil
the ware. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
He like the potter in a mould has call
The world’s great frame. Prior,
PctTern-ore. n.f.
An ore, which for its aptnefs to vitrify, and ferve the pot¬
ters to glaze their earthen veffels, the miners call patternore. Boyle.
Po'ttING. n.f [ktompot.] Drinking.
I learnt it in England, where they arc moft potent in
potting. Shakefp. Othello.
Po'ttle. n.f [frompot.J Liquid mcafure containing four
. pints, 4
P o u
, { ( 1 i
He drinks you with facility your Dane dead drunk, ere the
next pottle can be filled. Shakefp. Othello:
Roderigo hath to might carous’d
Potations pottle deep. Shakefp,
The oracle of Apollo
Here fpeaks out of his pottle,
Or the Tripos his tower bottle. Benj. Johnfon:
PoTva'liant. adj. [pot and valiant.] Heated with courage
by ftrong drink.
Potu'lent. adj. [potulentusy Lat.J
1. Pretty much in drink. Dift%
2. Fit to drink.
Pouch, n.f. [poche, Fr.]
1. A fmall bag ; a pocket.
Teller I’ll have in pouch, when thou (halt lack. Shakefp.
From a girdle about his waift, a bag or pouch divided into
two cells. Gulliver's Travels.
The fpot of the veffel, where the difeafe begins, gives way
to the force of the blood pufhing outwards, as to form a
pouch or cyft. Sharp's Surgery.
2. Applied ludicroufly to a big belly or paunch.
To PuUCH. v. a.
1. To pocket.
In January hufband that poucheth the grotes,
Will break up his lay, or be fowing of otes. Duffer.
2. To fwallow.
The common heron hath long legs for wading, a long
neck to reach prey, and a wide extenfive throat to pouch
it. Derham's Phyfico-Theology.
3. To pout; to hang down the lip. Ainfworth.
Pou'chmouthed.^;. [pouch and mouthed.] Blubberliped. Ainf.
Po'vertv. n.f. [pauvretf Fr.]
1. Indigence ; neceffity ; want of riches.
My men are the pooreft,
But poverty could never draw them from me. Shakefp.
Such madnefs, as for fear of death to die.
Is to be poor for fear of poverty. Denham.
Thefe by their Uriel examples taught.
How much more fplendid virtue was than gold;
Yetfcarce their fwelling thirft of fame could hide.
And boafted poverty with too much pride. Prior.
There is fuch a flate as abfolute poverty, when a man is
deftitute not only of the conveniencies, but the fimple neceffaries of life, being difabled from acquiring them, and de¬
pending entirely on charity. Rogers.
2. Meannefs; defeat.
There is in all excellencies in compofitions a kind of po¬
verty, or a cafualty orjeopardy. Bacon.
Pou'ldavis. n.f. A fort of fail cloath. Ainfworth.
POULT, n.f. [poidet, Fr.] A young chicken.
Onewou’d have all things little, hence has try’d
Turkey poults, frelh from th’ egg, in batter fry’d. King.
Poulterer, n.f. [from poult.] One whofe trade is to fell
fowls ready for the cbok.
If thou doll it half fo gravely, fo majeftically, hang me up
by the heels for a poulterer's hare. Shakefp.
Several nafty trades, as butchers, poulterers and fifhmongers, are great occafions of plagues. Harvey.
Poultice, n.f [pulte, Fr. pultis, Lat.] A cataplafm; a foft
mollifying application.
Poultice relaxeth the pores, and maketh the humour apt
to exhale. Bacon's Nat. Hi/?.
If your little finger be fore, and you think a poultice made
of our vitals will give it eale, lpeak, and it (hall be done. Sw.
To Pou'ltice. v. a. [from the noun.] To apply a poultice
or cataplafm.
Pou'ltive. n.f. [A word ufed by Temple.] A poultice.
Poultives allayed pains, but drew down the humours,
making the paffages wider, and apter to receive them. Temple.
Pou'ltry. n.f [ poulet, Fr. pullities, Lat.] Domeftick fowls.
The cock knew the fox to be a common enemy of all
poultry. L'EJlrange.
What louder cries, when Ilium was in flames.
Than for the cock the widow’d poultry made. Dryden.
Soldiers robbed a farmer of his poultry, and made him wait
at table, without giving him a morfel. Swift.
POUNCE, n.f [ponzone^ Italian. Skinner.]
1. The claw or talon of a bird of prey.
As haggard hawk, prefuming to contend
With hardy fowl, about his able might,
His weary pounces> all in vain doth fpend
To trufs the prey too heavy for his flight. Fa. S/hoeen.
The new-difl'embl’d eagle, now endu’d
With beak and pounces Hercules purlu’d. Dryden.
’Twas a mean prey for a bird of his pounces. Atterbury.
2. The powder of gum fandarach, fo called becaufe it is thrown
upon paper through a perforated box.
To Pounce, v. a. [pengonare, Italian.]
I. To pierce ; to perforate.
Barbarous people, that go naked, do not only paint, but
pounce and raife their (kin, that the painting may not be taken
forth, and make it into works. Bacons Nat. Hi/?.
2. To pour
P O 0
2. To pour or fprinkle through (mail perforations.
It'may be tried by incorporating copple-duft, by pouncing
into the quicklilver. Bacon.
3. To feize with the pounces or talons.
Pou'nced. adj. [from pounce.] Furni/hed with claws or talons.
From a craggy cliff,
The royal eagle draws his vigorous young
Strong pounc'd. Thomfon's Spring.
Pou'ncetbox. n. f. [pounce and box.] A fmall box perforated.
He was perfumed like a milliner,
And, ’twixt his finger and his thumb, he held
A pouncetbox, which ever and anon
He gave his nofe. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
POUND, n.f. [ponb, punb,Sax. from pondo, Lat.j
1. A certain weight, confifting in troy weight of twelve, in
averdupois of fixteen ounces.
He that laid, that he had rather have a grain of fortune
than a pound of wifdom, as to the things of this life, fpoke
nothing but the voice of wifdom. South's Sermons.
A pound doth confift of ounces, drams, fcruples. Wilkins.
Great Hannibal within the balance lay.
And tell how many pounds his afhes weigh. Dryden.
2. The fum of twenty /hillings.
That exchequer of medals in the cabinets of the great duke
of Tufcany, is not worth fo little as an hundred thoufand
pound. Peacham of Antiquities.
3. [From pinban, Sax.] A pinfold; an inclofure 3 a prifon in
which beafts are inclofed.
- * I hurry.
Not thinking it is levee-day,
And find his honour in a pound,
Hemm’d by a triple circle round. Swift’s Mifcel.
To Pound, v. a. [punian, Sax. whence in many places they
ufe the word pun.]
1. To beat; to grind with a pefile.
His mouth and noffxils pour’d a purple flood.
And pounded teeth came ru/hing with his blood. Dryden.
Would’ft thou not rather chufe a fmall renown
To be the mayor of fome poor paltry town,
To pound falle weights and fcanty meafures break.
Dryden.
Tir’d with the fearch, not finding what/he feeks,
With cruel blows /he pounds her blubber’d cheeks.
Dryden.
Shou’d their axle break, its overthrow )
Would cru/h, and pound to duff the crowd below ; >
Nor friends their friends, nor fires their fons could know. 3
Dryden's Juvenal.
Opaque white powder of glafs, feeh through a microfcope,
exhibits fragments pellucid and colourlefs, as the whole ap¬
peared to the naked eye before it was pounded. Bentley.
She defcribes
How under ground the rude Riphean race
Mimick brifk cyder, with the brakes produdl wil’d
Sloes pounded. Philips.
Lifted peftles brandi/hed in the air.
Loud ftroaks with pounding fpice the fabrick rend.
And aromatick clouds in fpires afcend. Garth.
2. To /hut up 3 to imprifon, as in a pound.
We’ll break our walls.
Rather than they /hall pound us up. Shakefp.
I ordered John to let out the good man’s fheep that were
pounded by night. Spectator, N° 243.
Poundage, n.f [frompound.]
1. A certain fum dedudfed from a pound ; a fum paid by the
trader to the fervant that pays the money, or to the perfon
who procures him cuftomers.
Inpoundage and drawbacks I lofe half my rent. Swift.
2. Payment rated by the weight of the commodity.
Tonnage and poundage, and other duties upon merchan¬
dizes, were colle&ed by order of the board. Clarend.
Pounder, n.f. [from pound.]
1. The name of a heavy large pear.
Alcinous’ orchard various apples bears.
Unlike are bergamots and pounder pears. Dryden.
2. Any perfon or thing denominated from a certain number of
pounds : as, a ten pounder ; a gun that carries a bullet of ten
pounds weight; or in ludicrous language a man with tenpounds
a year; in like manner, a note or bill is called a twenty
pounder or ten pounder, from the fum it bears.
None of thefe forty or fifty pounders may be fuffered to
marry, under the penalty of deprivation. Swift.
3. A peflle. Ainfworth.
Pou peton. n.f. [poupee, Fr.J A puppet or little baby.
Pou'picts. n.f. In cookery, a mefs of vi&uals made of veal
/lakes and flices of bacon. Bailey.
To POUR. v. a. [fuppofed to be derived from the Wel/h
bwrw.]
1. To let fome liquid out of a veffel, or into fome place or
receptacle.
If they will not believe thofe figns, take of the water of
the river, and pour it upon the dry land. Exodus iv. 9.
P O W
He faid, pour out for the people, and there was no harm
in the pot. 2 Kings iv. 41.
He ftretched out his hand to the cup, and poured of the
blood of the grape, he poured out at the foot of the altar a
fwect fmelling favour into the moft high. Eccluf. 1. 15.
A Samaritan bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and
wine, and brought him to an inn. Luke x; 34,
Your fury then boil’d upward to a fome j
But lince this meffage came, you fink and fettle,
As if cold water had been pour'd upon you. Dryden.
2. To emit; to give vent to 3 to fend forth 3 to let out 3 to
fend in a continued courfe.
Hie thee hither, >
That I may pour my fpirits in thine ear.
And chaftife with the valour of my tongue
All that impedes thee from the golden round. Shakefp»
London doth pour oit her citizens ;
The mayor and all his brethren in beft fort,
With the plebeians lwarming. Shakefp. Henry V.
As thick as hail
Came poft on poll; and every one did bear
Thy praifes in his kingdom’s great defence.
And pour'd them down before him. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The devotion of the heart is the tongue of the foul ; actu¬
ated and heated with love, it pours itfelf forth in fupplications
and prayers. Duppa's Rulesfor Devotion.
If we had groats or fixpences current by law, that wanted
one third of the filver by the ftandard, who can imagine, that
our neighbours would not pour in quantities of fuch money
upon us, to the great lofs of the kingdom. Locke.
Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ?
Loves of his own and raptures fwell the note. Pope.
To Pour. v. n.
1. To ftream ; to flow.
2. To ru/h tumultuoufly.
If the rude throng pour on with furious pace,
And hap to break thee from a friend’s embrace,
Stop Zhort. Gay.
All his fleecy flock
Before him march, and pour into the rock.
Not one or male or female flay’d behind. Pope.
A ghaftly band of giants.
Pouring down the mountains, crowd the fhore. Pope.
A gathering throng.
Youth and white age tumultuous pour along. Pope.
Pou'rer. n.f. [frompour.] One that pours.
Pousse, n.f. The old word for peafe. Spenfer.
But who /hall judge the wager won or loft ?
That /hall yonder heard groom and none other.
Which over the pouffe hitherward doth poft. Spenfer.
Pout. n.f.
1. A kind of fi/h j a cod-fi/h.
2. A kind of bird.
Of wild birds, Cornwall hath quail, Wood-dove, heathcock and pout. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
To Pout. v. n. [bouter, Fr.J
1. To look fullen by thrufting out the lips.
Like a mi/behav’d and fullen wench,
Thou pout'Jl upon thy fortune and thy love. Shakefp.
He had not din’d j
The veins unfill’d, our blood is cold; and then
We pout upon the morning, are unapt
To give or to forgive. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
I would advife my gentle readers, as they confult the good
of their faces, to forbear frowning upon loyalifts, andpouting
at the government. Addifon's Freeholder, NQ 8.
The nurfe remained pouting, nor would /he touch a bit du¬
ring the whole dinner. Arbuthnot and Pope:
2. To gape; to hang prominent.
The ends of the wound muff come over one another, with
a comprefs to prefs the lips equally down, which would otherwife become crude, and pout out with great lips. Wifeman.
Satyrus was made up betwixt man and goat, with a hu¬
man head, hooked nofe and pouting lips. Dryden»
POWDER, n.f [poudre, Fr.J
1. Duft; any body comminuted.
The calf which they had made, he burnt in the fire, and
ground it to powder. Ex. xxxii. 20.
2. Gunpowder.
The feditious being furni/hed with artillery, powder and /hot,
battered Bi/hopfgate. Hayward.
As to the taking of a town, there were few conquerors
could fignalize themfelves that way, before the invention of
powder and fortifications. Addifon
3. Sweet duft for the hair. ”
When th’ hair is fweet through pride or lull
The powder doth forget the duft. * Herbert,
Our humbler province is to tend the fair.
To fave the powder from too rude a gale. Popet
To Po'wder. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To reduce to duft 3 to comminute 3 to pound fmall.
a. To fprinkle
POW
a. [Poudrer, Fr.] To fprinkle* as with duft.
Powder thy radiant hair,
Which if without fuch afhes thou would’fl wear*
Thou who, to all which come to look upon,
Wert meant for Phoebus, would’ft be Phaeton. Donne.
In the galaxy, that milky way
Which nightly, as a circling zone, thou fee’ft
Powder'd with ftars. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vii.
Thc. powder d footman
Beneath his flapping hat fecures his hair. Gay.
3.To fait; tofprinkle with fait.
If" you imbowel me to day. I’ll give you leave to powder
me and eat me to-morrow. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Salting of oyfters, and powdering of meat, keepeth them
from putrefaction. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
My hair I never powder, but my chief
Invention is to get me powder'd beef. Cleaveland.
Immoderate feeding upon powdered beef, pickled meats,
anchovy, and debauching with brandy do inflame and acuate
the blood. Harvey on Confwnptions.
To Powder, v. n. To come tumultuoufly and violently. A
low corrupt word.
Whilfl two companions were difputing it at fword’s point,
down comes a kite powdering upon them, and gobbets up
both. L'Ejlrange.
Po wderbox. n.f. \powder and box.] A box in which pow¬
der for the hair is kept.
There {lands the toillette.
The patch, the powderbox, pulville, perfumes. Gay.
Po'wderhorn. n.f [powder and born.] A horn cafe in which
powder is kept for guns.
You may flick your candle in a bottle or a powderhorn. Sic.
Po wdermill. n.J. [powder and mill.] The mill in which
the ingredients for gunpowder are ground and mingled.
Upon the blowing up of a powdermill, the windows of ad¬
jacent houfes are bent and blown outwards, by the elaflick
force of the air within exerting itfelf. Arbuthnot.
Po wder-room. n.f. [powder and room.] The part of a fhip
in which the gunpowder is kept.
The flame invades the powderrooms, and then
Their guns fhoot bullets, and their veflels men. Waller.
Powder-chests, n.f. On board a fhip, wooden triangular
chefls filled with gunpowder, pebble-flones and fuch like
materials, fet on fire when a fhip is boarded by an enemy,
which foon makes all clear before them. Dill.
Powdering-tub. n.f. [powder and tub.]
1. The veflel in which meat is falted.
When we view thofe large bodies of oxen, what can we
better conceit them to be, than fo many living and walking
powdering-tubs, and that they have animam falis. • v More.
2. The place in which an infe&ed lecher is phyficked to preferve him from putrefaction.
To the fpital go,
And from the powddring-tub of infamy
Fetch forth the lazar kite Doll Tearfheet. Shakefp.
Po'wderv. sdj. [poudreux, Fr. from powder.] Dully; friable,
A brown powdery fpar, which holds iron, is found amono-ft
the iron ore. Woodward on Fo/Iils.
PO'WER. n. f. [pouvoir, Fr.]
1. Command; authority; dominion; influence.
If law, authority and pow'r deny not,
It will go hard with poor Anthonio. Shakefp.
No man could ever have a juft power over the life of ano¬
ther, by right of property in land. Locke.
Power is no blefling in itfelf, but when it is employ’d to
proteCl the innocent. Swift.
2. Influence ; prevalence upon.
This man had power with him, to draw him forth to his
death. Bacon's EJfays.
DejeCled ! no, it never fhall be faid.
That fate had power upon a Spartan foul ;
My mind on its own centre {lands unmov’d
And liable, as the fabrick of the world. Dryden.
3. Ability ; force ; reach.
That which moveth God to work is goodnefs, and that
which ordereth his work is wifdom, and that which perfecte h
his work is power. Hooker.
I have fuffer’d in your woe ;
Nor fhall be wanting ought within mypow'r.
For your relief in my refrefhing bow’r. Dryden.
You are flill living to enjoy the bleffings of all the good
you have performed, and many prayers that your power of
doing generous aCtions may be as extended as your will. Dry.
It is not in the power of the mofl enlarged underflanding,
to invent one new Ample idea in the mind, not taken in by
the ways aforementioned. Locke.
Tis not in the power of want or flavery to make them
miferable. . _ Addifon's Guardian.
Though it be not in our power to make affliction no afflic¬
tion ; yet it is in our power to take oft' the edge of it, by a
fleadyview of thofe divine joys prepared for us in another
ftate. Attcrbury's Sermons.
P o w
4. Strength ; motive force.
Oblerving in ourfelves, that we can at pleafure move fe*
veral parts of our bodies, which were at reft; the effeCts
alfo that natural bodies are able to produce in one another;
occurring every moment to our fenfes, we both thefe ways
get the idea of power. Locke,
5. The moving force of an engine.
By underflanding the true difference betwixt the weight
and the power, a man may add fuch a fitting fupplement to
the ftrength of the power, that it fhall move any conceivable
weight, though it fhould never fo much exceed that force,
which the power is naturally endowed with. Wilkins.
6. Animal ftrength ; natural llrength.
Care, not fear; or fear not for themfelves altered fome-*
thing the countenances of the two lovers: but fo as any man
might perceive, was rather an affembling of powers than difmayednefs of courage. Sidney, b. i«
He died of great years, but of ftrong health and powers.
Bacon's Henry VII.
7. Faculty of the mind.
If ever
You meet in fome frefh cheek the power of fancy.
Then you fhall know the wounds invifible.
That love’s keen arrows make. Shakefp.
I was in the thought, they were not fairies, and yet the
guiltinefs of my mind, the fuddeu furprize of my powers drove
the groffnefs of the foppery into a received belief. Shakefp.
In our little world, this foul of ours
Being o«ly one, and to one body ty’d.
Doth uie, on divers objeCts, divers powers;
And fo are her effeCts diverfify’d. Davies.
Maintain the empire of the mind over the body, and keep
the appetites of the one in due fubjeCtion to the reafomng
powers of the other. Attcrbury's Sermons.
The defign of this fcience is to refeue our reafoning powers
from their unhappy flavery and darknefs. Watts.
8. Government; right of governing.
My labour
Honeft and lawful, to del’erve my food
Of tho.'e who have me in their civil power. Milton.
9. Sovereign; potentate.
’Tis lurprifing to confider with what heats thefe two powers
have contefled their title to the kingdom ot Cyprus, that is in
the hands of the Turk. Addijon's Remarks on Italy.
10. One inverted with dominion.
After the tribulation of thofe days fhall the fun be dark¬
ened, and the powers of the heavens fhall be lhaken. Mat.
The fables turn’d fome men to flow’rs.
And others did with brutifh forms invert:;
And did of others make celeftial/ort>Vj,
Like angels, which flill travel, yet ftill reft. Davies.
If there’s a pow'r above us.
And that there is all nature cries aloud
Through all her works, he mull delight in virtue. Addif.
11. Divinity.
Merciful powers !
Reflrain in me the curled thoughts, that nature
Gives way to in repofe. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
Call down thylelf, and only ftrive to r.uie
The glory of thy maker’s facred name ;
Ule all thy pow’rs, that blefled pow'r to praife.
Which gives thee pow’r to be and ufe the lame. Davies:
With indignation, thus he broke
His awful filence, and the pow’rs befpoke. Dryden.
Tell me,
What are the gods the better for this gold ?
The wretch that offers from his wealthy flore
Thefe prefents, bribes the pow'rs to give him more. Dryd.
12. Hoft; army; military force.
He, to work him the more mifehief, fent over his brother
Edward with a power of Scots and Redfnanks into Ireland,
where they got footing. Spacer's State of Ireland.
Never fuch a power,
For any foreign preparation,
Was levied in the body of a land. Shakefp. K. John,
Young OCtavius and Mark Antony
Come down upon us with a mighty power,
Bending their expedition tow’rd Philippi. Shakefp.*
Who leads his power ?
Under whofe government come they along ? Shakeff.
My heart, dear Harry,
Threw many a northward look, to lee his father
Bring up his pow'rs ; but he did long in vain. Shakefp.
Gazellus, upon the coming of the bafla, valiantly ifliied
forth with all his power, and gave him battle. Knolles.
13. A large quantity ; a great number. In low language : as,
a power of good things.
Po werable. adj. [from power.] Capable of performing any¬
thing.
That you may fee howpowerable time is in altering tongues,
I will fet down the Lord’s prayer as it was tranflated in lundry
ages. Camden.
Powe'rful.
P R A
Po'werful. aclj. [power and////.] _
!. Inverted with command or authority; potent.
2.Forc^)^h^‘SJ-Xin,d one day in doubtful fight,
What heaven’s lord hath powerfullejl to fend
Acrainft us from about his throne. Milton s Par. Loft.
Heni v II- endeavouring to eftablifh his grandfather’s laws,
met with powerful oppolition from archbifhop Becket. Aylife.
adv. [from powerful] Potently; mightily;
efficacioufly ; forcibly. '
The fun and other powerfully lucid bodies dazzle our
Boyle.
eyes. , ,< ,
By afliiming a privilege belonging to riper years, to which
a child mult not afpire, you do but add new Force to your
example, and recommend the adtion more powerfully. Locke.
Before the revelation of the gofpel, the wickednefs and
impenite'ncy of the heathen world was a much more excu¬
se tiling^ bccaufe they had but very obfeure apprehenhons
of thofe things which urge men moft powerfully to forfake
their fins*. ~ Tll}^fAScr '
The grain-gold, upon all the golden coaft of Guinea, is
difolavecT by the rains falling there with incredible force,
powerfully beating off the earth. ^ Woodward.
Po'wERFULNESS. n.f. [from powerful.] Power; efficacy;
So much he {lands upon the powerfulnefs of chriftian reli¬
gion, that he makes it beyond all the rules of moral philofODhv ftrondy effedtual to expel vice, and plant in men all
kind of virtue. Hakewill on Providence.
Po werless. adj. [from poiver.] ^Veak ; impotent.
I give you welcome with a pow rlefs hand.
But with a heart full of unftained love. _ Sbakefp.
Pox. n. f [properly pocks, which originally fignified a fmall
baa or puftule ; of the fame original, perhaps, with powke or
pouch. We ftill ufe pock, for a {ingle puftule; poccay.
Sax. pocken, Dutch.]
I Puftules ; efflorefcencies ; exanthematous eruptions.
2.The venereal difeafe. This is the fenfe when it has no
ep Thouah brought to their ends by fome other apparent dif¬
eafe, yetthe pox hath been judged the foundation. Wifeman.
’ Wilt thou ftill fparkle in the box.
Sill osle in the ring ?
Can’ft thou forget thy age and pox. DorfeU
PoY. n.f [appoyo, Spanilh ; appuy, poids, Fr.] A ropedancer’s
To Poze. v. a. To puzzle. See Pose and Appose.
And fay you fo ? then I {hall poze you quickly. Sbakefp.
Of human infirmities I fhall give inftances, not that I defi«rn to poze them with thofe common enigmas of magnetifm,
fluxes and refluxes. Glanvills Scepf.
Practicable, adj. [practicable, Fr.]
1. Performable ; feafible ; capable to be pradtifed.^
This falls out for want of examining what is practicable
and what not, and for want again of meafuring our force and
capacity with our defign. L Efrange.
An heroick poem Ihould be more like a glafs of nature, figurina a more practicable virtue to us, than was done by the
ancients. Dryden on Heroick Plays.
This is a practicable degree of chriftian magnanimity. Att.
Some phyficians have thought, that if it were practicable to
keep the humours of the body in an exadt balance of each
with its oppoftte, it might be immortal; but this is impoffible
in the practice. Swift.
2. Affailable; fit to be affailed. _
Pra'cticableness. n.f. [from practicable.] Poffibihty to be
performed.
PraTticaely. adv. [from practicable.] In fuch a manner as
may be performed.
The meaneft capacity, when he fees a rule practicably ap¬
plied before his eyes, can no longer be at a lofs how ’tis to be
performed. Rogers.
Pra'ctical. adj. [pradicus, Lat. pratique, Fr. frompractice.]
Relating to adtion ; not merely fpeculative.
The image of God was no lefs refplendent in man’s pyrad'tcal underftanding; namely, that ftorehoufe of the foul, in
which are treafured up the rules of adtion and the feeds of
morality. , , , , J r . Sou!h’‘. Strmm.
Religion comprehends the knowledge of its principles, and
a fuitable life and pra&ice ; the firft, being fpeculative, may
be called knowledge ; and the latter, becaufe ’tis practical,
wifdom. Tillotfm's Sermons.
Practically, adv. [frompractical.\
1. In relation to adtion.
2. By pradtice ; in real fadt.
I honour her, having practically found her among the better
fort of trees. HoweVs Vocal Forejt.
Practicalness, n.f. [from practical.] 1 he quality of being
practical.
PRACTICE. n.f. [tt^xW ; pratique, Fr.J
I. The habit of doing any thing.
P R A
2. Ufe ; cuftomary ufe. . ',
Obfolete words may be laudably revived, when they are
more founding, or more fignificant than thofe inpractice. Dry.
Of fuch a practice when Ulyffes told ;
, Shall we, cries one, permit
This lewd romancer and his bant’ring wit. ’Tate.
3. Dexterity acquired by habit.
I’ll prove it on his body, if he dare,
Defpite his nice fence and his adtive practice. Sbakefp»
4. Adtual performance, diftinguilhed from theory. ,
There are two fundtions of the foul, contemplation and
practice, according to that general divifion of objedts, fome
of which only entertain our fpeculations, others alfo employ
our adtions ; fo the underftanding, with relation to thefe, is
divided into fpeculative and pradtick. South.
5. Method or art of doing any thing.
6. Medical treatment of difeafes.
This difeafe is beyond my practice ; yet I have known dhofe
which have walked in their fleep, who have died holily in
their beds. Sbakefpeare’s Macbeth.
7. Exercife of any profeffiort.
8. [Ppaet, Saxon, is cunning, flinefs, and thence prat, in Donglafs, is a trick or fraud ; latter times forgetting the orginal of
words, applied to practice the fenfe ofprat.] Wicked ftratagem ; bad artifice. A fenfe not now in ufe.
He fought to have that by practice, which he could not by
prayer; and being allowed to vifit us, he ufed the opportu¬
nity of a fit time thus to deliver us. Sidney, b. ii.
Partly with fufpicion of practice, the king was fuddenly
turned. Sidney, b. ii.
It is the fhameful work of Hubert’s hand,
The practice and the purpofe of the king. Sbakefp.
Shall we thus permit
A blafting and a fcandalous breath to fall
On him fo near us ? this needs muft be practice;
Who knew of your intent and coming hither ? Sbakefp.
Wife ftates prevent piirpofes
Before they come to pradtice, and foul practices
Before they grow to adt. Denhani s Sophy.
Pra'ctick. adj. [7r^aalixo? ; pradicus, Lat. pratique, Fr.]
1. Relating to adtion ; not merely theoretical.
. When he fpeaks.
The air, a charter’d libertine, is ftill;
And the mute wonder lurketh in men’s ears,
To fteal his fweet and honied fentences;
So that the adt and pradick part of life
Muft be the miftrefs to this theorick. Sbakefp.
Whilft they contend for fpeculative truth, they, by mu¬
tual calumnies, forfeit the pradick. Gov. of the Tongue.
True piety without ceffation toft
By theories, the pradick part is loft. Denhmn.
2. In SpenJ'er it feems to fignify, fly; artful.
She ufed hath the pradick pain
Of this falfe footman, cloaked with fimplenefs. F. Lpueen.
Thereto his fubtile engines he doth bend.
His pradick wit, and his fair filed tongue.
With thoufand other fleights. Fairy Ahicen.
To PRA'CTISE. v. a. [tt^ockIuios; pratiquer, Fr.]
1. To do habitually.
Incline not my heart to pradife wicked works with men
that work iniquity. Pfalm cxli. 4.
2. To do ; not merely to profefs : as, to pradtife law or pbyftck.
3. To ufe in order to habit and dexterity.
To Practise, v. n.
1. To have a habit of adding in any manner formed.
Will truth return unto them that pradife in her. Eccluf.
They fhall pradife how to live fecure. Milton.
Oft have we wonder’d
How fuch a ruling fp’rit you cou’d reftrainj
And pradife firft over yourfelf to reign. Waller.
2. To tranfadt; to negotiate fecretly.
I’ve pradis’d with him,
And found a means to let the vidtor know.
That Syphax and Sempronius are his friends. Addifon.
3. To try artifices.
Others by guilty artifice and arts.
Of promis’d kindnefs pradife on our hearts;
With expedition blow the paffion up.
She fans the fire without one gale qf hope. Granvil.
4. To ufe bad arts or ftratagems.
If you there
Did pradife on my ftate, your being in Egypt
Might be my queftion. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
If thou do’ft him any flight difgrace, he will pradife againft
thee by poifon. Sbakefpeare’s As You Like it.
5. To ufe medical methods.
I never thought I fhould try a new experiment, being little
inclined to pradife upon others, and as little that others fhould
pradife upon me. Temple s Mifcel.
6. To exercife any profeffion.
Pra'ctisant. n. J. [from pradife.] An agent.
Here enter’d Pucelle and her pradifants. Sbakefp.
20 E Pra'ctiser.
l
P R A
Pra'ctiser. n.f. [from praftife.]
1. One that praitifcs any thing ; one that does any thing ha¬
bitually.
We will, ill the principles of the politician, fhew how
little efficacy they have to advance the pradifer of them to
the things they afpire to. South's Sermons.
2. One who prefcribes medical treatment.
Sweet pradifery thy phyfick I will try.
That minifters thine own death if I die. Shakefpeare.
I had reafoned myfelf into an opinion, that the ufe of phyficians, unlefs in fome acute difeafe, was a great venture, and
that their greate&pradtifers pra&ifed lead upon themfelves.
Temple.
sPracti'TIONER. ft./, [from practice.]
1. He who is engaged in the adlual exercifeof any art.
The author exhorts all gentlemen practitioners to exercife
themfelves in the tranflatory. Arbuthnot.
I do not know a more univerfal and unneceffary miftake
among the clergy, but efpecially the younger practitioners. Sw.
2. One who ufes any fly or dangerous arts.
There is fome papillical practitioners among you. Whitgifte.
3. One who does any thing habitually.
He mud be firfl: an exercifed, thorough-paced practitioner
of thefe vices himfelf. South's Sermons.
PRCECO’GNITA. n.f. [Latin.] Things previoufly known in
order to undemanding fomething elfe; thus the ftrudture of
the human body is one of the prescognita of phyfick.
Either all knowledge does not depend on certain pracognita
or general maxims, called principles, or elfe thefe are prin¬
ciples. Locke.
PRAGMA'TICK. \adj. [TrcdyuacTK; pragmatique, Fr.J
PRAGMA'TICAL. 3 Meddling; impertinently bufy ; affir¬
ming bufinefs without leave or invitation.
No fham fo grofs, but it will pafs upon a weak man that
is pragmatical and inquifitive. L'Ejlrange.
Common eftimation puts an ill character upon pragmatick
meddling people. Government of the Tongue.
He underftands no more of his own affairs, than a child ;
he has got a fort of a pragmatical filly jade of a wife, that
pretends to take him out of my hands. Arbuthnot.
The fellow grew fo pragmatical, that he took upon him the
government of my whole family. Arbuthnot.
Such a backwardnefs there was among good men to en¬
gage with an ufurping people, and pragmatical ambitious
orators. Swift.
They are pragmatical enough to (land on the watch tower,
but who affigned them the poll ? Swift.
Pragmatically, adv. [from pragmatical.'] Meddlingly;
impertinently.
Pragma'ticalness. n.f [from pragmatical.] The quality
of intermeddling without right or call.
PRAISE, n.f [prijs, Dutch.]
1. Renown; commendation; fame; honour; celebrity.
Bed of fruits, whofe tade has taught
The tongue, not made for fpeech, to (peak thy praife. Milt.
Lucan, content with praifey may lie at eafe
In coftly grotts and marble palaces;
But to poor Baffus what avails a name.
To darve on compliments and empty fame. Dryden.
2. Glorification; tribute of gratitude; laud.
He hath put a new fong in my mouth, even praife unto
cur God. Pfalmxl. 3.
To God glory and praife. Milton.
3. Ground or reafon of praife.
Praifeworthy actions are by thee embrac’d ;
And ’tis my praife to make thy praifes lad. Dryden*
To Praise, v. a. [prijfen, Dutch.]
1. To commend ; to applaud ; to celebrate.
Will God incenfe his ire
For fuch a petty trefpafs, and not praife
Rather.your dauntlefs virtue. Milton.
We praife not Heitor, though his name we know
Is great in arms; ’tis hard to praife a foe. Dryden.
2. To glorify in worfliip.
The flicpherds returned, glorifying and praifing God for all
the things that they had heard and feen. Luke ii. 20.
One generation {ball praife thy works to another, and de¬
clare thy mighty works. Pfalm cxlv. 4.
Their touch’d their golden harps, and hymning prais'd
God and his works. Milton.
Prai'seful. adj. [praife and full.] Laudable; commend¬
able. Not now in ufe.
Of whofe high praife, and praifeful blifs,
Goodnefs the pen, heaven the paper is. Sidney.
He ordain’d a lady for his prife,
Generally praifeful, fair and young, and (kill’d in houfewiferies. Chapman's Iliad.
Prai'ser. n.f. [frompraife.] One who praifes; anapplauder;
a commender.
We men and praifers of men fhould remember, that if we
have fuch excellencies, it is reafon to think them excellent
creatures, of whom we arc. Sidney.
1 ' "
P R A <
Forgive me, if my verfe but fay you are
A Sidney ; but in that extend as far
As loudeftpraifers. B. Johnfon's Epig.
Turn to God, who knotvs I think this true.
And ufeth oft, when fuch a heart miffays,
'Fo make it good ; for fuch a praifer prays. Donne.
Praiseworthy, adj. [praife and worthy.] Commendable;
deferving praife.
The Tritoman goddefs having heard
Her blazed fame, which all the world had fill’d.
Came down to prove the truth, and due reward
For her praifeworthy workmanffiip to yield. Spenfer.
Since men have left to dopraijeworthy things,
Mod think all praifes flatteries ; but truth brings
That found, and that authority with her name.
As to be rais’d by her is only fame. Ben. Johnfon.
Firmus, who feized upon Egypt, was fo far praifeworthy,
that he encouraged trade. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Prame. n.f. A flat bottomed boat. Bailev.
To PRANCE v. a. [pronken, Dutch, to fet one’s felf to (how"]
1. Tofpring and bound in high mettle.
Here’s no fantaftick mafk, nor dance.
But of our kids that frifk and prance ;
Nor wars are feen,
Unlefs upon the green.
Two harmlefs lambs are butting one the other. Wotton,
With mud fill’d high, the rumbling cart draws near.
Now rule thy prancing deeds, lac’d charioteer. Gay.
Far be the fpirit of the chace from them,
To fpring the fence, to rein the prancing deed. Thomfon.
2. To ride gallantly and odentatioufly.
The horfes hoofs were broken by means of the prancingsy
the prancings of their mighty ones. fudges v 22
I fee
Th’ infulting tyrant, prancing o’er the field,
Strow’d with Rome’s citizens, and drench’d in (laughter,
His horfes hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addifon.
3. To move in a warlike or (howy manner.
We (hould neither have meat to eat, nor manufacture to
cloathe us, unlefs we could prance about in coats of mail or
eat brafs. Swift.
To PRANK, v. a. [pronken, Dutch.] To decorate; todrefs
or adjud to odentation.
Some prank their ruffs, and others timely dmht
Their gay attire. Fairy Queen.
In wine and meats (he flow’d above the bank.
And in excefs exceeded her own might,
In fumptuous tire (he joy’d herfelf to prank,
But of her love too lavilh. Fairy Queen.
Thefe are tribunes of the people,
The tongues o’ th’common mouth; I defpife them :
For they do prank them in authority
Againd all noble fufferance. Shakeft
Your high felf.
The gracious mark o’ th’ land, you have obfeur’d
With a fwain’s wearing; and me, poor lowly maid,
Mod goddefs-like prank'd up. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
’Tis that miracle, and queen of gems.
That nature pranksy her mind attradts my foul. Shakefp.
I had not unlock’d my lips
In this unhallowed air, but that thisjugler
Would think to charm my judgment as mine eyes.
Obtruding falfe rules, prankt in reafon’s garb. Milton.
Prank, n.f A frolick ; a wild flight; a ludicrous trick ; a
wicked adt.
Lay home to him;
Tell him, his pranks have been too broad to bear with. Sha.
Such is thy audacious wickednefs,
Thy lewd, pedifrous and dilfentious pranks;
The very infants prattle of thy pride. Shakefp.
They caufed the table to be covered and meat fet on, which
was no fooner fet down, than in came the harpies, and played
their accufiomed pranks. Raleigh.
They put on their cloaths, and played all thofe pranks you
have taken notice of. Addifon's Guardian.
Pra son. n.f. [7r^a<rov.] A leek : alfo a fea weed as green as
a lcek- Bailey.
To PRATE, v. n. [praten, Dutch.] To talk carelefly and with¬
out weight; to chatter; to tattle ; to be loquacious ; to prattle*
His knowledge or (kill is in prating too much. Tujfer.
Behold me, which owe
A moiety of the throne, here (landing
To prate and talk for life and honour, ’fore
Who pleafe to hear. Shakefp. Winter's Tale
This (tarved juflice hath prated to me of the wildnefs of
his youth, and the feats he hath done about Turnbal-ftreet;
and every third word a lie. Shakefp. Henry IV./. ii.
After Flaminock and the blackfmith had, by joint and feveral pratings, found tokens of confent in the multitude, they
offered themfelves to lead them. Bacon's Henry Vli.
Oh liften with attentive fisrht
To what mv prating eyes indite ! Cleaveland.
What
PR A
What nonfenfe would the fool thy mafter prate.
When thou, his knave, can’ll talk at fuch a rate. Dryden.
She firft did wit’s prerogative remove,
And made a fool prefume to prate of love. Dryden
This is the way of the world; the deaf will prate of difcords in mufick. Watts
Prate, n.f. [from the verb.] Tattle; flight talk ; unmeaning loquacity.
If I talk to him ; with his innocent prate
He wiH awake my mercy which lies dead. Sbakefp.
Would her innocent prate could overcome me;
Oh ! what a conflict do I feel. Denham's Sophy.
Pra tsr. «./ [from prate.J An idle talker i a chatterer.
When expectation rages in my blood,
Is this a time, thou prater-, hence be gone. Southern.
Pratincly. adv. [from prate.] With tittle tattle; with
loquacity.
PRA'TTI^UB. n.f [French ; prattica, Italian.] A licence
for the matter of a fhip to traffick in the ports of Italy upon
a certificate, that the place, from whence he came, is not
annoyed with any infetfious difeafe. Bailev
1 o PRA TTLE. v. n. [diminutive ofprate,] To talk lightly •
to chatter j to be trivially loquacious.
But Iprattle
Something too wildly, and my father’s precepts
1 't tf0rget- . Shakefpeare's T,mPeJ>.
V hat the gieat ones do, the lefs will prattle of. Shah.
A trench woman teaches an Englifh girl to fpeak and read
French, by only prattling to her. Bode.
There is not fo much pleafure to have a child prattleaoreeably as to reafon well. Lock/on Edu°tlon.
His tongue, his prattling tongue, had chang’d him quite
I o looty blacknefs, from the pureft white. Ad. Ovid.
A little lively ruftick, trained up in ignorance and preju¬
dice, will prattle treafon a whole evening. Addifon.
I mull: prattle on, J
And beg your pardon, yet this half hour. Prior.
Let cred’lous boys and prattling nurfes tell.
How if the feftival of Paul be clear,
Plenty from lib’ral horn fhall ftrow the year. Gay.
Prattle, n.f. [from the verb.] Empty talk; trifling lo¬
quacity. b
In a theatre the eyes of men.
After a well-grac’d a&or leaves the fta^e.
Are idly bent on him that enters next,
Thinking his prattle to be tedious. Sbakefp. Rid. II.
The bookifh theorick.
Wherein the toged confuls can propofe
As mafterly as he; mere prattle, without practice,
h all h,sfold,erlhip. Shahfp. Othlh.
The lnfignificant prattle and endlefs garrulity of the philofophy of the fchools. ' Glanv
Pra ttler. n.f [from prattle.] A trifling talker ; a chatterer.
Poor prattler ! how thou talk’ll ? Sbakefp.
Prattler, no more, I fay ;
My thoughts mull work, but like a noifelefs fphere.
Harmonious peace mull rock them all the day •
No room for prattlers there. Herbert
P R E
Should you pray to God for a recover}-, how raft would it
be to accule God of not hearing your prayers, becaufe you
found vonr difpnfp fl-ill fn rnrifimi** tm/ *
ma- Pra vity. n.f. [pravitas, Lat.J Corruption ; badnefs •
Iignity.
Doubt not but that fin
Will reign among them, as of thee begot;
And therefore was law given them, to evince
Their natural pravity. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xii.
More people go to the gibbet for want of timely correction,
than upon any incurable pravity of nature. L'Eftrange
I will Ihew how the pravity of the will could influence the
undemanding to i dilhelief of Chrillianity. South
^larger A fma11 cruftaceous like a Ihrimp, but
~ prawnsl and borrowed a mefs of vinegar. Sbakefp.
To Pray. v. n. [prier, Fr. pregare, Italian.]
I,To make petitions to heaven.
I will buy with you, fell will you ; but I will not eat with
you, drink with you, nor pray with you. Sbakefpeare.
Pray for this good man and his iflhe. Shakeft
Ne’er throughout the year to church thou go’ll
Except it be to pray againfl thy foes. * Rhahef*
I tell him, we lhall flay here at the leafl a month ; and he
heartily prays, fome occafion may detain us longer ShaDK
Is any fick ? Jet him call for the elders of the’church -
let them pray over him. Jam *
Unlkilful with what words to pray, let me
Interpret for him.
He that prays, defpairs not; but fad is the condition
him that cannot pray; happy are they that can, and do, a.lv»
love to do it. Taylor's Guide to Devotion.
Thou, Turnus, lhalt attone it by thy fate,
And pray to heav’n for peace, but pray too late. Dryden.
He prais’d my courage, pray'd for my fuccefs ;
He was fo true a father of his country.
To thank me for defending ev’n his foes. Dryden.
and
14.
'on.
of
and
found your difeafe Hill to continue. Wake
2. To entreat; to alk fubmiflively.
You lhall find
A conqu’ror that will pray in aid for kindriefs.
Where he for grace is kneel’d to. Sbakefpearei
Pray that in towns and temples of renown.
The name of great Anchifes may be known. Dryden.
3. I Pray ; that is, I pray you to tell me is a Rightly ceremo¬
nious form of introducing a quellion.
But 1 pray, in this mechanical formation, when the fertnent was expanded to the extremities of the arteries, why
did it not break through the receptacle ? Bentley's Sermons.
4* Sometimes only pray elliptically.
Barnard in fpirit, fenfe and truth abounds ;
Pray then what wants he? fourfeore thoufand pounds. Pope.
io Pray. v. a. re
L To fupplicate; to implore; to addrefs with fubmiflive pe¬
titions.
How much more, if vie pray him, Mull his ear
Be open, and his heart to pity incline ? Milton.-
2. I o alk for as a fupplicant.
, .,¥? tkat will have the benefit of this a£l, mufr pray a pro¬
hibition before a fentence in the ecclefiallical court. A,life.
3. 1 o entreat in ceremony or form.
£fay rny collegue Antonius I may {peak with him ;
And as you go, call on my brother Quintus,
And pray him with the tribunes to come to me. B. Johnf.
Pra'yer. n.f. [priere, Fr.] J J
I. Petition to heaven.
They did fay their prayers, and addrefs’d them
Again to fleep. sbakefp. Macbeth.
O remember, God !
U hear her prayer for them as now for us. Sbakefp.
Were he as famous and as bold in war,
As he is fam’d for mildnefs, peace and prayer. Sbakefp.
My heart s defire and prayer to God for Ifrael is, that they
might be faved. n 1 Q , Romans x. 1.
highs now breath d
Inutterable, which the fpirit of prayer
Infpir’d. Milton.
Ho man can always have the fame fpiritual pleafure in his
prayers; for the greateft faints have fometimes fuffered the
amlhment of the heart, fometimes are fervent, fometimes
they feel a barrennefs of devotion; for this fpirit comes and
. ££eS.' -, . Taylor's Guide to Devotioni
2. Bntreaty ; fubmiflive importunity.
Prayer among men is fuppofed a means to change the trerfon to whom we pray; but prayer to God doth not change
him, but fits us to receive the things prayed for. Stilling.fiiet.
Prayerbook. n.f. [prayer and book.] Book of public! ox
private devotions.
Get a prayerbook in your hand.
And Hand between two churchmen ;
For on that ground I’ll build a holy defcant. Sbakefp.
1 know not the names or number of the family which now
reigns, farther than theprayerbook informs me. Sivift.
PRE. [pr<*> Lat.] A particle which, prefixed to words deTripDrTnuhe katin> marks priority of time or rank.
1 o PKBACH. v. n. [pradico, Lat. prefeber, Fr.] To pro¬
nounce a publick difeourfe upon facred fubjedls.
From that time Jefus began to preach. Mat. iv. 17.
Prophets preach of thee at Jerufalem. Neb. vi. j.
Divinity would not pafs the yard and loom, the forge or
anvil, nor preaching be taken in as an eafier lupplementary
trade, by thofe that difliked the pains of their own. D. ofPie
As he was fent by his father, fo were the apollles c’ommiffionated by him to preach to the gentile world. D. of Piety.
The Ihape of our cathedral is not proper for our preaching
auditories, but rather the figure of an amphitheatre with
„.ga‘lenes- Graunt.
T o Preach, v. a.
1. To proclaim or publilh in religious orations*
rT>^Ci^eWS ^ heflalonica had knowledge, that the word
of God was preached of Paul. Acts.
2. To inculcate publickly; to teach with earneflnefs.
There is not any thing publickly notified, but we may pro¬
perly fay it is preached. Hooker.
He oft to them prectch'd
Converfion and repentance. Milton
Can they preach up equality of birth,
And tell us how we all began from earth. n..,, 1
Huge heaps of fiain ; >
Among the reft, the rich Galefus lies,
A good old man while pfeace he preach'd in vain,
Pre Ach » AerTad/TfS v thr UnfUly train’
religious oration/^ ^the A dl{coudc > a
IicrITn ^1 °CCa^,oned tke French fpitcfully to term re¬
ligion in that fort excrcifed, a mere preach. Hooker.
4 Prea'cher.
PRE
Prea'cher. n.f. [prefcheur, Fr. from preach.] _
l.One who difcourles publickly upon religious fubjedls.
T he Lord gave the word ; great was the company of the
preachers. , PJfbn Mil n.
You may hear the found of a preacher s voice, when you
' cannot diftinguilh what he faith. Bacon.
Here lies a truly honeft man,
One of thofe few that in this town
Honour all preachers ; hear their own. Ct ajhaw.
1. One who inculcates any thing with earneftnefs and vehemence. , ,
No preacher is liftened to but time, which gives us the
fame train of thought, that elder people have tried in vain to
put into our heads before. . Swift.
Preachment, n.f. [from preach.] A fermon mentioned in
contempt ; a difcourfe aftedtedly folemn.
Was’tyou, that revell’d in our parliament,
And made a preachment of your high defcent. Shakefp.
All this is but a preachment upon the text at laft.
L'Eftrange.
PREAMBLE, n.f. [preambule, Fr.] Something previous;
introduction ; preface.
How were it poffible that the church fliould any way elfe
with fuch eafe and certainty provide, that none of her chil¬
dren may, as Adam, diffemble that wretchednefs, the penitent
confeffion whereof is fo neceflary a preamble, efpecially to
common prayer. Hooker, b. v.
Truth as in this we do not violate, fo neither is the fame
gainfayed or eroded, no not in thofe very preambles placed be¬
fore certain readings, wherein the fteps of the Latin fervice
book have been fomewhat too nearly followed. Hooker.
Doors {hut, vifits forbidden, and divers conteftations with
the queen, all preambles of ruin, though now and then he did
wriiw out fome petty contentments. WMon.
This preamble to that hiftory was not improper for this
relation. Clarendon s Hijl. of the R.ebellton.
With prea?nble fweet
Of charming fymphony they introduce
Their facred fong, and waken raptures high. Milton.
I will not detain you with a long preamble. Dryden.
Prea'mbulary. 1 adj. [from preamble.'] Previous. Not in
Prea'mbulous. $ ufe.
He not only undermineth the bafe of religion, but deflroyeth the principle prearnbulous unto all belief, and puts
upon us the remote!! error from truth. Brown.
Preapprehe'nsion. n. f. [pre and apprehend.] An opinion
formed before examination.
A conceit not to be made out by ordinary eyes, but fuch
as .regarding the clouds, behold them in fliapes conformable
to preapprehenfions. Brown's Vulgar Errours,
Prease. n.f. Prefs; crowd. Spenfer. See Press.
A lhip into the facred feas,
New-built, now launch we ; and from out our preafe
Chufe two and fifty youths. Chapman.
Prea'sing. part. adj. Crowding. Spenfer.
Pre'bend. n.f. [prcebenda, low Latin; prebende, Fr.]
1. A ftipend granted in cathedral churches.
His excellency gave the doctor a prebend in St. Patrick’s ca¬
thedral. Swift's Mifcellanies.
2. Sometimes, but improperly, a ftipendiary of a cathedral; a
prebendary.
Deans and canons, or prebends of cathedral churches, in
their firft inftitution, were of great ufe, to be of counfel
with the bifhop. Bacon.
Pre'bendary. n.f. [pnzbendarius, Lat.J A ftipendiary of a
cathedral.
To lords, to principals, to prebendaries. Hubberd.
I bequeath to the Reverend Mr. Grattan, prebendary of St.
Audeon’s, my gold bottle-fcrew. Swift's Lajl Will.
PRECA'RIOUS. adj. [precarius, Lat. precaire, Fr.] Depen¬
dent ; uncertain, becaufe depending on the will of another;
held by courtefy ; changeable or alienable at the pleafure of
another. No word is more unfkilfully ufed than this with its
derivatives. It is ufed for uncertain in all its fenfes ; but it
only means uncertain, as dependent on others : thus there
are authors who mention the precarioufnefs of an account, of
the yveather, of a die.
What fubjedts will precarious kings regard,
A beggar (peaks too foftly to be heard. Dryden.
T hofe who live under an arbitrary tyrannick. power, have
no other law but the will of their prince, and confequently
no privileges but what are precarious. Addifon.
This little happinefs is fo very precarious, that it wholly
depends on the will of others. Addifon s Spectator.
He who rejoices in the ftrength and beauty of youth, fhould
confider by how precarious a tenure he holds thefe advantages,
that a thoufand accidents may before the next dawn lay all
thefe glories in the duft. Rogers's Sermons.
Precariously. n.f. [from precarious.] Uncertainly by de¬
pendence ; dependently ; at the plealure of others.
Our feene precarioufy fubfifts too long
On French tranflation and Italian long;
PRE
Dare to have fenfe youtfielves; aflert the ftage,
Be juftly warm’d with your own native rage. _ Pope.
Preca'riousness. n.f. [horn precarious.] Uncertainty; de¬
pendence on others. The following paffage from a book,
otherwife elegantly written, affords an example of the impro¬
priety mentioned at the word precarious.
Moft confumptive people die of the difeharge they fpit up,
which, with \kit precarioufnefs of the fymptoms of an opprefled
diaphragm from a mere lodgement of extravafated matter,
render the operation but little advifeable. Sharp's Surgery.
Precau'tjon. n.f. precaution, Fr. [from preecautus, Lat.J
Prefervative caution ; preventive meafures.
Unlefs our minifters have ftrong aflurances of his falling in
with the grand alliance, or not oppofing it, they cannot be too
circumfpedt and fpeedy in taking their precautions againft any
contrary relolution. Addifon on the State of the War.
To Precaution, v. a. [precautioner, Fr. from the noun.]
To warn beforehand.
By the difgraces, difeafes and beggary of hopeful young
men brought to ruin, he may be precautioned. Locke.
Preceda'neous. adj. [This word is, I believe, miftaken by
the author for pracidaneous ; pracidaneus, Lat. cut or (lain
before. Nor is it ufed here in its proper fenfe.] previous ;
antecedent.
That priority of particles of fimple matter, Influx of the
heavens and preparation of matter might be antecedent and
precedaneous, not only in order, but in time, to their ordinary
productions. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
To Prece'de. v. a. [praecedo, Lat. preceder, Fr.]
1. To go before in order of time.
How are we happy, ftill in fear of harm ;
But harm precedes not fin. Milton.
Arius and Pelagius durft provoke,
To what the centuries preceding fpoke: Dryden.
The ruin of a ftate is generally preceded by an unlverfal de¬
generacy of manners and contempt of religion. Swift.
2. "To go before according to the adjuftment of rank.
Prece dence. 1 r rfrom py&cedo, Lat.]
Precedency. ) J
1. The a£t or ftate of going before ; priority.
2. Something going before ; fomething paft,
I do not like but yet; it does allay
The good precedence. Shakefp. Ant. andCleop.
It is an epilogue or difcourfe, to make plain
Some obfeure precedence that hath tofore been fain. Shakefp.
3. Adjuftment of place.
The conftable and marfhal had cognizance, touching the
rights of place and precedence. EJale.
4. The foremoft place in ceremony.
None fure will claim in hell
Precedence ; none, whofe portion is fin all
Of prelent pain, that with ambitious mind
Will covet more. Alilton's Par. Loff.
The royal olive accompanied him with all his court, and
always gave him the. precedency. Howel.
That perfon hardly will be found,
With gracious form and equal virtue crown’d ;
Yet if another could precedence claim,
My fixt defires could find no fairer aim. Dryden.
5. Superiority.
Books will furnifh him, and give him light and precedency
enough to go before a young follower. Locke.
Being diftradled with different defires, the next inquiry
will be, which of them has the precedency, in determining
the will, to the next adtion. Locke.
Prece'dent. adj. [precedent, Fr. pracedens, Lat.] Former;
going before.
Do it at once,
Or thy precedent fervices are all
But accidents unpurpos’d. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Our own precedent paffions do inftrudt us.
What levity’s in youth. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
When you work by the imagination of another, it is ne¬
ceflary that he, by whom you work, have a precedent opinion
of you, that you can do ftrange things. Bacon.
Hippocrates, in his prognofticks, doth make good obfervations of the difeafes that enfue upon the nature of the pre¬
cedent four feafons of the year. Bacon.
The world, or any part thereof, could not be precedent to
the creation of man. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Truths, abfolutely neceflary to falvation, are lo clearly re¬
vealed, that we cannot err in them, unlefs we be notorioufly
wanting to ourfelves ; herein the fault of the judgment is refolved into a precedent default in the will. South.
Pre'cedent. n.f. [The adjedtive has the accent on the fecond
fyllable, the fubftantive on the firft.] Any thing that is a rule
or example to future times ; any thing done before of the
fame kind.
Examples for cafes can but diredf as precedents only. Hooker.
Eleven hours I’ve fpent to write it over,
The precedent was full as long a doing. Sbakefpeare.
A reafon
P R E
A reafon mighty, ftrong and efFc&nal,
A pattern, precedent and lively warrant
For me, moft wretched, to perform the like. Shakefp.
No pow’r in Venice
Can alter a decree eftablifhed :
’Twill be recorded for a precedent;
And many an errour, by the fame example,
Will rufh into the Rate. ShakeJ'p. Merch. of Venice.
God, in the adminiftration of his juftice, is not tied
tn precedents, and we cannot argue, that the providences of
God towards other nations {hall be conformable to his deal¬
ings with the people of Ifrael. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Such precedents are numberlefs ; we draw
Our right from cuftom ; cuftom is a law. Granville.
Prece'dently. adv. [fromprecedent, adj.J Beforehand.
Prixe'ntor. n.f. [precentor, Lat. precenteur, Fr.J He that
leads the choir.
Follow this precentor of ours, in bleffing and magnifying
that God of all grace, and never yielding to thofe enemies,
which he died to give us power to refill and overcome. Ha?nm.
PRECEP I\ n.f. [precepte, Fr. preceptum, Lat.] A rule autho¬
ritatively given; a mandate ; a commandment; a direction.
I he cuftom of leflons furnifhes the very fimpleft and rudeft:
fort with infallible axioms and precepts of facred truth, deli¬
vered even in the very letter of the law of God. Hooker.
’Tis fufficient, that painting be acknowledged for an art;
for it follows, that no arts are without their precepts. Dryden.
A precept or commandment confifts in, and has relpecl to,
feme moral point of do&rine, viz. fuch as concerns our man¬
ners, and our inward and outward good behaviour. Aylijfe.
Prece'ptial. adj. [from precept.'] Confifting of precepts. A
word not in ufe.
Men
Can counfel, and give comfort to that grief
Which they themfelves not feel; but tailing it.
Their counfel turns to paflion, which before
Would give preceptial medicine to rage ;
Fetter ftrong madnefs in a filken thread.
Charm ach with air, and agony with words. Shakefp.
Prece'ptive. adj. [preceptivus, Lat. from precept.] Containing
precepts; giving precepts.
The ritual, the preceptive, the prophetick and all other
parts of facred writ, were moft feduloufly, moft religioufiy
guarded by them. ' Government of the Tongue.
As the preceptive part enjoins the moft exad virtue, fo is it
moft advantageoully enforced by the promiftory, which, in
refped of the rewards, and the manner of propofing them,
is adapted to the fame end. Decay of Piety.
The leflon given us here, is preceptive to us not to do any
thing but upon due confideration. UEJlrange.
Preceptor, n.f. [preceptor, Lat. precepteur, Fr.J A teacher;
a tutor.
Paflionate chiding carries rough language with it, and the
names that parents and preceptors give children, they will
not be afhamed to beftow on others. Locke.
It was to thee, great Stagyrite unknown.
And thy preceptor of divine renown. Blackmore.
Prfce'ssion. n.f. [from pracedo, precejfus, Lat.] The a£l of
going before.
Preci'nct. n.f. [precinflus, Latin.] Outward limit; boundary.
The main body of the fea being one, yet within divers
precinfts, hath divers names; fo the catholick church is in
like fort divided into a number of diftindf focieties. Hooker.
Through all reftraint broke loofe, he wings his way
Not far off heav’n, in the precinfls of light,
Diredtly towards the new-created world. Milton.
Precio'sity. n.f. [from pretiofus, Lat.J
1. Value ; precioufnefs.
2. Any thing of high price.
The index or forefinger was too naked whereto to commit
their preciofities, and hath the tuition of the thumb fcarce unto
the fecond joint. Brown s pulgar Errours.
Barbarians feem to exceed them in the curiofity of their
application of thefe preciofities. More's Divine Dialogues.
PRECIOUS, adj. [precieux, Fr. pretiofus, Lat.J
1. Valuable; being of great worth.
Many things, which are mofk precious, are negledled only
becaufe the value of them lieth hid. Hooker.
I cannot but remember fuch things were,
That were moft precious to me. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Why in thatrawnefs left you wife and children,
Thofe precious motives, thofe ftrong knots of love,
Withoutleave taking? ShakeJ'p, Macbeth.
I never faw
Such precious deeds in one that promis’d nought
But begg’ry and poor luck. Shakefp. C.ymbeline.
Thefe virtues are the hidden beauties of a foul, which
make it lovely and precious in his fight, from whom no fecrets are concealed. Addifon's Spectator.
2. Coftly ; of great price : as, a preciousJlone.
Let none admire
That riches grow in hell; that foil may befi:
Deferve the precious bane. Milton.,
P R E
3.Woithlefs. An epithet of contempt or irony.
More of the fame kind, concerning thefe precious faints
amongft the Turks, may be feen in Pietro della valle. Locke.
Previously, adv. [from precious.j
1. Valuably ; to a great price.
2. Contemptibly. In irony.
Pre'ciousness. n.f. [from precious.] Valuablencfs; worth j
price.
Its frecioifncfs equalled the price of pearls. Wilkins.
PRE'CIPICE. n.f. [precipitium, Lat. precipice, Fr.J Aheadlong fteep ; a fall perpendicular without gradual declivity.
You take a precipice for no leap of danger,
And woo your own deftrudtion. Shakejp. Henry VIII,
Where the water dafheth more againft the bottom, there
it moveth more fwiftly and more in precipice; for in the break¬
ing of the waves there is ever a precipice. Bacon.
I ere long that precipice mulltread,
Whence none return, that leads unto the dead. Sandys.
No ftupendous precipice denies
Accefs, no horror turns away our eyes. Denham.
Swift down the precipice of time it goes,
And finks in minutes, which in ages role. Dryden.
His gen’rous mind the fair ideas drew
Of fame and honour, which in dangers lay;
Where wealth, like fruit, on precipices grew,
Not to be gather’d but by birds of prey. Dryden.
Drink as much as you can get; becaufe a good coachman
never drives fo well as when he is drunk; and then fhew
your fkill, by driving to an inch by a precipice. Swift.
Precipitance. In.f. [from precipitant.] Rafh hafte; headPrecFpitancy. 5 long hurry.
Thither they hafte with glad precipitance. Milton.
Tis not likely that one of a thoufand fuch precipitancies
fhould be crowned with fo unexpedted an iffue. Glanvill.
As the chymift, by catching at it too foon, loft the philofophical elixir, fo precipitancy of our underftanding is anoccaiion of error. Glanvill's Scepf
We apply prefent remedies according unto indications, refpe&ing rather the acutenefs of difeafe and precipitancy of occafion, than the rifing or fetting of ftars. Brown.
Hurried on by the precipitancy of youth, I took this oppor¬
tunity to fend a letter to the fecretary. Gulliver's Travels.
A raflmefs and precipitance of judgment, and haftinefs to
believe fomething on one fide or the other, plunges us into
many errors. Watts's LogicL
Precipitant, adj. [precipitant, Lat.J
1. Falling or rufhing headlong.
Without longer paufe,
Downright into the world’s iirft region throws
His flight precipitant. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. uu
The birds heedlefs while they ftrain
Their tuneful throats, the tow’ring heavy lead
O’ertakes their fpeed ; they leave their little liYes
Above the clouds, precipitant to earth. Philips.
2. Hafty ; urged with violent hafte.
Should he return, that troop fo blithe and bold,
Precipitant in fear, would wing their flight,
And curfe their cumbrous pride’s unwieldy weight. Pete
3. Rafhly hurried.
The commotions in Ireland were fo fudden and fo violent,
that it was hard to difeern the rife, or apply a remedy to that
precipitant rebellion. King Charles.
Preci pitantly. adv. [from precipitant.] In headlong hafte ;
in a tumultuous hurry.
To PRECIPITATE, v. a. [precipito, Lat. precipiter, Fr in
all the fenfes.j
1. To throw headlong.
She had a king to her fon in law, yet was, upon dark and
unknown reafons, precipitated and banifhed the world into a
nunnery. Bacon's Henry VII.
Ere vengeance
Precipitate thee with augmented pain. Milton.
They were wont, upon a fuperftition, to precipitate a man
from fome high cliffinto the fea, tying about him with firings
many great fowls. _ Wilkins.
The virgin from the ground
Upftarting frefh, already clos’d the wound,
Precipitates her flight. Dryden.
The goddefs guides her fon, and turns him from the light,
Herfelf involv’d in clouds, precipitates her flight. Dryden.
2. To haften unexpectedly.
Short, intermittent and fwift recurrent pains do precipitate
patients into conlumptions. iqf
3. To hurry blindly or rafhly. 1
As for having them obnoxious to ruin, if they be of fearful natures' 11 d,° »dl i but if they be flout and daring
tt may fncfitaU them def.gns, and prove dangerous.
Dear Erythraa, let not fuch blind furv
your thoughts, nor fet them working,
‘hail lend them better means,
1 han loft complaints. Denham's Sophy.
20 * 3. To *roW
P R E
3. To throw to the bottom. A term of chymiftry oppofed to
fublime.
Gold endures a vehement fire long without any change,
and after it has been divided by corrofive liquors into invifible
parts, yet may prefcntly be precipitated, fo as to appear again
in its own form. Crews Cofmol.
To Preci'pitate. v. n.
1. To fall headlong.
Had’ft thouTeen aught but gofs’mer feathers,
So many fathom down precipitating,
Thoud’ft fhiver like an egg. Sbakefp. King Lear.
2. To fall to the bottom as a fediment.
By ftrong water ev0ry metal will precipitate. Bacon.
3. To haften without jvlft preparation.
Neither did the Rebels fpoil the country, neither on the
other fide did their forces encreafe, which might haften him
to precipitate and aflail them. * Bacon.
Preci'pitate. adj. [from the verb.]
1. Steeply falling:
Barcephas faith, it was neceflary this paradife fhould be fet
at fuch a height, becaufe the four rivers, had they not fallen
fo precipitate, could not have had fufficient force to thruft
themfelves under the great ocean. Raleigh,
When the full ftores their antient bounds difdain,
Precipitate the furious torrent flows ;
In vain would fpeed avoid, or ftrength oppofe. Prior.
2. Headlong; hafty ; rafhly hafty.
The archbifhop, too precipitate in prefling the reception of
that which he thought a reformation, paid dearly for it.
Clarendon.
3. Hafty; violent.
Mr. Gay died of a mortification of the bowels ; it was the
moft precipitate cafe I ever knew, having cut him off in three
days. Pope to Swift.
Preci'pitate. n.f. A corrofive medicine made by precipi¬
tating mercury.
As the efcar feparated, I rubb’d the fuper-excrefcence of
flefh with the vitriol-ftone, or fprinkled it with precipitate.
Wifeman’s Surgery.
Precipitately, adv. [(comprecipitate.'}
I; Headlong; fteeply down.
2, Haftily; in blind hurry.
It may happen to thofe who vent praife or cenfure too preiipitately, as it did to an Englifh poet, who celebrated a noble¬
man for ere&ing Dryden’s monument, upon a promife which
he forgot, till it was done by another. Sivift.
Not fo bold Arnall ; with a weight of fcull
Furious he finks, precipitately dull. Pope's Dunciad.
Precipita'tion. n.f. [precipitation, Fr. from precipitate.}
1. The aft of throwing headlong.
Let them pile ten hills on the Tarpeian rock.
That thc precipitation might down-ftretch
Below the beam of fight, yet will I ftill
Be this to them. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
2. Violent motion downward.
That could never happen from any other caufe than the
hurry, precipitation and rapid motion of the water, returning
at the end of the deluge, towards the fea. Woodward.
3. Tumultuous hurry ; blind hafte.
Here is none of the hurry and precipitation, none of the
bluftering and violence, which muft have attended thofe fuppofititious changes. Woodward’s Nat.HiJl.
4. In chemiftry, Subfidency : contrary to fublimation.
Separation is wrought by precipitation or fublimation ; that
is, a calling of the parts up or down, which is a kind of at¬
traction. Bacon.
The precipitation of the vegetative matter, after the deluge,
and the burying it in the ftrata underneath amongft the land,
was to retrench the luxury of the productions of the earth,
which had been fo ungratefully abufed by its former inha¬
bitants. Woodwards Nat. Hijl.
Precipitous, adj. [pracipites, Lat.]
j. Headlong ; fteep.
Monarchy, together with me, could not but be daftied in
pieces by fuch a precipitous fall as they intended. K. Charles.
2. Hafty ; hidden. 3
Though the attempts of fome have been precipitous, and
their enquiries fo audacious as to have loft themfelves in at¬
tempts above humanity, yet have the enquiries of moft de¬
fected by the way. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
How precious the time is, how precipitous the occafion,
how many things to be done in their juft feafon, after once a
ground is in order. Evelyn’s Kalendar.
3. llafli ; heady.
I hus fram’d for ill, he loos’d our triple hold.
Advice unfate, precipitous and bold. Dryden.
PRECISE, adj. [precis, Fr. pracifus, Lat.]
I. Exadt; ftridt; nice; having ftridt and determinate limita¬
tions.
Means more durable to preferve the laws of God from ob¬
livion and corruption grew in ufe, not without precifc direc¬
tion from God himlelf. Hooker, b. i.
PRE
You’ll not bear a letter for me ; you ftand upon your ho¬
nour ; why, thou unconfinable bafenefs, it is as much as I can
do to keep the term of mine honour precije. Sbakejp.
The ftate hath given you licence to ftay on land fix weeks,
and let it not trouble you if your occalions alk farther time ;
for the law in this point is not precije. Bacon.
Let us defcend from this top
Of fpeculation ; for the hour precije
Exadts our parting. Milton’s Par. Lofl, b. xiii.
In human adtions there are no degrees and precije natural
limits defcribed, but a latitude is indulged. Taylor.
The reafonings muft be precife, though the pradtice may
admit of great latitude. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
The precife difference between a compound and colledtive
idea is this, that a compound idea unites things of a different
kind, but a colledtive, things of the lame kind. Watts.
2. Formal; finical; folemnly and fuperftitioully exadt.
The raillery of the wits in king Charles the Second’s reign,
upon every thing which they called precife, was carried to fo
great an extravagance, that it almoit put all Chriftianity out
of countenance. Addifon.
Preci'sely. adv. [from precife.}
1. Exadtly ; nicely; accurately.
Doth it follow', that all things in the church, from the
greateft to the leaft, are unholy, which the Lord hath not
himfelf precijely inftituted ? Hooker, b. v.
When the Lord had onee, precifely fet down a form of exe¬
cuting that wherein we are to ferve him, the fault appeareth
greater to do that which we are not, than not to do that which
we are commanded. Hooker, b. ii.
He knows.
He cannot fo precifely weed this land.
As his mifdoubts prefent occafion.
His foes are fo enrooted with his friends. Sbakefp.
Where more of thefe orders than one fhall be fet in leveral
ftories, there muft be an exquifite care lo place the columns
precijely one over another. Wotton’s Architecture.
In his tradt my wary feet have ftept.
His undeclined ways precijely kept. Sandys.
The rule, to find the age of the moon, cannot fhew pre¬
cifely an exadt account of the moon, becaule of the inequality
of the motions of the fun and of the moon. Holder.
Meafuring the diameter of the fifth dark circle, I found
it the fifth part of an inch precifely. Newton’s Opticks.
2. With fuperftitious formality j with too much fcrupulofity j
with troublefome ceremony.
Preciseness, n.f. [fromprecife.} Exadtnefs ; rigid nicety.
I will diftinguifh the cafes ; though give me leave, in the
handling of them, not to fever them with too much / *ecifenefs. Bacon.
When you have fixed proper, hours for particular ftudies,-
keep to them, not with a fuperftitious precifenejs, but with
fome good degrees of a regular conftancy. Watts.
Preci'sian. n.f. [from precije.]
1. One who limits or reftrains.
Though love ufe reafon for hispreciftan, he admits him not
for his counfellor. Sbakejp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
2. One who is fuperftitroufly rigorous.
A profane perfon calls a man of piety a preciftan. Watts.
Precision, n.f. [precifion, Fr.] Exadt limitation.
He that thinks of being in general, thinks never of any
particular fpecies of being; unlefs he can think of it with
and without precifion at the fame time. Locke.
I have left out the utmoft precifwns of fradtions in thefe
computations as not neceflary ; thele whole numbers {hewing
well enough the difference of the value of guineas. Locke.
I was unable to treat this part more in detail, without facrificing perfpicuity to ornament, without wandering from the
precifion or breaking the chain of reafoning. Pope.
PreciSive. adj. [from preeijus, Lat.] Exactly limiting, by
cutting oft' all that is not abfolutely relative to the prefent
purpoie.
Precifive abftradtion is when we confider thofe things apart,
which cannot really exift apart; as when we confider mode,
without confidering its fubftance or fubjedt. Watts.
To Preclu'de. v-. a. [pracludo, Lat.] To {hut out or hinder
by fome anticipation.
This much will obviate and preclude the objections of our
adverfaries, that we do not determine the final caufe of the
fyftematical parts of the world, merely as they have refpedt
to the exigences or conveniences of life. Bentley.
If you once allow them fuch an acceptation of chance, you
have precluded yourfelf from any more reafoning againft
them. Bentley’s Sermons.
I fear there will be no way left to tell you, that I entirely
efteem you ; none but that which no bills can preclude, and
no king can prevent.
PRECOCIOUS, adj. [pracocis, Lat. precofe, Fr.] Ripe before
the time. < .
Many precocious trees, and fuch as have their fpring in the
winter, may be found in moft parts. Brown.
Precocity.
P R E PRE
^reco'city. n.f. [from precocious.] Ripenefs before the time.
Some impute the cauie of his fall to a precocity of fpirit and
valour in him; and that therefore fome infe&ious louthern air
did blaft him. Howel's Vocal Foreft.
To Preco'citate. v.a. [pracogito, Lat.] To confider or
fcheme beforehand.
Precognition. n.f. [pres and cognitio, Lat. 1 Previous know¬
ledge ; antecedent examination.
r-rf1'7- ^a"d “"“‘‘I An °P‘nion Previoufly
A thing in reafon impoffible, which notwithllanding through
thetr misiafhtoned preconceit, appeared unto them nllefs cer¬
tain than if nature had written ,t in the very foreheads of
all the creatures. J .
To Preconcei ve, v. a [pra and conceive.-] To form an
opinion beforehand ; to imagine beforehand.
Tin'!11 plam ‘ae W„ly feemeth 'he longer, becaufe the
eye hath preconceived ,t (hotter than the truth ; and the fruftrations of that maketh it feem fo. pacon
1 ondneis of preconceived opinions is not like to render your
reports iulpcbl, nor for want of fagacity or care, defe&ive.
r - Glanvill's Scebf
The reafon why men are fo weak in governing is, becaufe
molt things fall out accidentally, and come not into any compliance with their preconceived ends, but they are forced to
£ q y7 r r South', Sermons.
P viouny formedN' ^ option.] Opinion preCuftomwith moft men prevails more than truth, according
to the notions and preconceptions, which it hath formed hi
our minds, we fliape the difeourfe of reafon itfelf. Hakewill.
Preco ntRact. n f [free and contrail. This was formerly
accented on the laft fyl able.] A contraft previous to another.
He is your hulband on a precontract;
To bring you thus together, ’tis no fin. Shakefb
To Precontract. v. a. [pro; and contract.J To contract or
bargain beforehand.
Some are fuch as a man cannot make his wife, though he
himfelf be unmarried becaufe they are already precontracted
to fomeother; or elfe are in too near a degree of affinity or
confanguimty
Precurse, n.f. [from prescurro, Lat.] Forerunning,
rhe like precurfe of fierce events.
As harbingers preceding ftill the fates,
And prologue to the omen coming on.
Have heaven and earth together demonflrated. Shakefbeare
Precursor, n.f. [pracurfir, Lat. precurfeur, Fr.] Fore¬
run; or; harbinger. J
Jove’s lightnings, fhoprecurftrs
Of dreadful thunder claps, more momentary
nVVn0t; • • u c . Shak‘ft- ‘Tempeji. 1 his contagion might have been prefaged upon confideration of its precurfors, viz. a rude winter, and a clofe fulphurons and fiery air Harvey m fhe p)-
Thomas Burnet played the precurfer to the comino- of Ho¬
mer in his Homerides. n
Preda ceous, adj. [frompreeda, Lat.] Living by prey
Asthofe are endowed with poifon, becaufe they are fireda
ceous ; fo thefe need it not, becaufe their food is near at hand
and may be obtained without conteft. Derham
Predal. adf [fromJrceda, Lat.] Robbing; pradtifing
plunder. This word is not countenanced from analogy.
Sarmatia, laid by predal rapine low.
Mourn d the hard yoke, and fought relief in vain. Sa. Boyfe
Predatory, adj. [predatorms, Lat. from prosda, Lat.’] J '
i. Plundering; pradtifing rapine.
The king called his parliament, where he exaggerated the
malice and the cruel predatory war made by Scotland. Bacon.
2* hungry; preying ; rapacious; ravenous.
1 he evils that come of exercife are, that it maketh the
fpints more hot and predatory. jo
Predecea'sed. adj. [pro: and deceafed.] Dead before
W,1 you mock at an ancient tradition, began upon an honourable refpedt, and worn as a memorable trophy of prede-
» ceafed valour. Shakejp. HeVft.
Precece ssor. n. f. [predeceffeur, Fr. ?r*and ielldo, Lat 1
I. One that was in any Rate or place before another
Jn thefe paftoral paftimes a great many days were fpbnt
to follow their flying predecejfors. ^
There is caufe, why we fliould be flow and unwilling
change, without very urgent neceffity, the ancient ordinances
rites and long approved cufloms of our venerable predecefors?
If I feem partial to my predecejfor in the laurel, the"friends
of antiquity are not few. Dryden
The prefent pope, who is well acquainted with the fecret
biflory, and the weaknefs of his predecejfor, feems refolved to
bring the projedt to its perfection. ’ Addifon.
1 he more beauteous CJoe fat to thee.
Good Howard, emulous of Apelles’ art;
But happy thou from Cupid’s arrow free,
And flames that pierc’d thy predecejfors heart. Prior.
2. Anccftors.
Preoest.na'rian. n.f. [frompredejUnate.] One that holds
the doctrine of predefrination.
Why does the predejlinarian fo adventuroufly climb into
heaven, to ranfack the celeftial archives, read God's hidden
decrees, when with lefs labour he may fecure an authentick
tranfenpt within himfelf. Decay of Piety
ToPREDE'STINAT.E. v. a. [predejliner, Fr. pres and dejlino,
i-<at.j l o appoint beforehand by irreverfible decree.
Some gentleman or other /hall fcape a bredejlinate fcratcht
aCTT*r, . ,. . . Shakejpeare.
horn he did foreknow, he alfo did predeflinate to be con¬
formed to the image of his fon. Romans viii. 20.
T / PredtJimated us unto the adoption of children by
Jefus Chrift to himfelf. Eph.i. L
o Predestinate, v. n. T 0 hold predeftination. In ludi¬
crous language.
His ruff creft he rears.
And pricks up his predeflinating cars. Dryden
Predestina'tion. n.f. [predefti,nation,Fr. ftomprede/Hmte.j
r atal decree ; pre-ordination. J
.we can differcnce no otherwife from providence and preference, than this, that presence onlyPfo et W fTketh and Care£h for, and hathyrefpea
not ofC ,rCS> ^jred^tim is onJy of men; and yet
Inthernmm me” ponging, but of their falvation properly
in the common ufe of divines; or perdition, as fome have
M Sleigh's Iff. of the JVorld.
' Nor can they juftly accufe
I heir maker, or their making, or their fate; ,
As it predejlmotion over-rul’d
Their will, difpos’d by abfolute decree,
PopnUr h'Sh ^re-knowledge. Milton's Par. Loft, h. iii.
oredeffinaK T°RVlf‘^ P^deJUnate.] One that holds
predeffnation or the prevalence of pre-eftablifhed neceffity.
Me mine example let the Stoicks ufe, *
I heir fad and cruel doarine to maintain ;
Let all predejlinators me produce,
Who ftruggle with eternal fate in vain. Cowlcv
To Prede stxwe. .. «. [pra and define.] To decree befort*
Ye careful angels, whom eternal fate
Ordains on earth and human aas to wait.
Who turn with fecret pow’r this reftlefs ball.
And bid predefin'd empires rife and fall. pr:or
dZIZZI ThZ n-f- • Fr. pros Zi determination ] Determination made beforehand.
the °f °Wn wi]I is ^^being the determining of ours, that it is diftinflly the contrary- for
fuppofing God to predetermine that I fhall aft freely7’ ’tis
certain from thence, that my will is free in refpeft 0/God
ToYRr'r' etomi"ed- HainmoniMjfnfk.
confine R and determine.] To doom o*
conhne by previous decree.
• We f“ inrbru^es cert^n fenflble inffinds antecedent to their
imaginative faculty, whereby they are predetermined to'the
convenience of the fenfible life. fr,
pRE DIAL [presdium, Lat.] Confifling of farms.
y le civil law, their predial eftates are liable to fifeal
of7d?vTne fndIVXeSL arn0t appropriated for the fervice
of divine worfhip, but for profane ufes. Ayliffe
Pre dicable, adj. [predicable, Fr. pradicabilis, Lat.l SuchS
may be affirmed of fomething. J
Redicable, n.f [pradicabile, Lat.] A logical term denotmg one of the five things which can be affirmed of any
fJ“theVaH five predicables; becaufe every thincr
cies,1 d^ffer^ce^fom^p^operty^^ciTeiit tH£
I. A cJals or arrangement of beings or fubftances ranked ac
cordmg .o their natures: called6 alfo categore”carl
o 1 y * t 7
AMp nothing but bodies to be ranked by them”n
Werbyreraffufet*6" thittt^7,d„k';i-
* ClafL°r defend by ‘any definitive matb^ “^
1 he ofiender s life lies in the mercy
the duke only, ’gainft all other voice ;
In which predicament I fay thou ftand’ih 0/ - r.
foew the line and the predicament,
W herein you range under this fubtle king. Shakefh
laments1.NTA1- ^^icamenf Relatingtpf
PRthfogCANT' frxdicans, Lat.] One that affirms any
To PRE'DICATE. a T/ww t .
thing of another thing. ’ ^ ^at*J To affirm any
All propofltions, therein 0 r ,
which any term fhnr) f * part of tbe cornPlex ldca»
only verbal To r IS ^ediccUd of that terni> are 1 >*-e-to fay that gold is a metal. Lode.
To Pre dicate.
PRE
To Pre'dicate. v. n. To affirm or fpeak.
It were a prefumption to think, that any thing in any
created nature can bear any perfeCl refemblance of the incomprehenfible perfection of the divine nature, very being itfelf
not predicating univocally touching him and any created
bein'*. Hales Origin of Mankind.
Predicate, n.f [presdicatum, Lat.] That which is affirmed
of the fubjeCt; as man is rational.
The predicate is that which is affirmed or denied of the
fubjea. , . Watts's Logick.
Prfdica'tion. [pradicatio> L<it. fromp7cdicatc.^ Affixmation concerning any thing.
Let us reafon from them as well as we can ; they are only
about identical predications and influence. Locke.
To PREDI'CT. v. a. [prcsdiClus, Lat. predire, Fr.] To fore¬
tell ; to forefhow.
He is always inveighing againft fuch unequal diftributions ;
nor docs he ever ceafe to predict publick ruins, till his private
are repaired. Government of the Tongue.
Prediction, n.f [pradiClio, Lat. prediction, Fr. from pre¬
dict.] Prophefy ; declaration of fomething future.
Thefe predictions
Are to the world in general, as to Caefar. Sloakefp.
The predictions of cold and long winters, hot and dry
fummers, are good to be known. Bacon’s Nat. Hiji.
How foon hath thyprediction, feer bleft !
Meafupd this transient world the race of time.
Till time ftand fix’d. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xii.
In Chrift they all meet with an invincible evidence, as if
they were not predictions, but after-relations ; and the penmen
of them not prophets but evangelifls. South's Sermons.
He, who prophefy’d the bell,
Approves the judgment to the reft ;
He’d rather choofe, that I fhould die.
Than his prediction prove a lie. Swift's Mifcel.
Predictor, n.f. [from predict.] Foreteller.
Whether he has not been the caufe of this poor man’s
death, as well as the predictor, may be difputed. Swift.
Predige'stion. n.f [pres and digeftion.] Digeftion too foon
performed.
Predigefion, or hafty digeftion, fills the body full of cru¬
dities and feeds of difeafes. Bacon's EfJ'ays.
To Predispo'se. v. a. [pres and difpofe.] To adapt previoufly
to any certain purpofe.
Vegetable productions require heat of the fun, to predifpofe
and excite the earth and the feeds. _ Burnet.
Unlefs nature be predifpofed to friendfhip by its own propenfity, no arts of obligation {hall be able to abate the fecret
hatreds of fome perfons towards others. South's Sermons.
Predisposition, n.f. [pres anddifpofition.] Previous adapta¬
tion to any certain purpofe.
It was conceived to proceed from a malignity in the conftitution of the air, gathered by the predifpoftions of feafons.
Bacon's Henry VII.
Tunes and airs have in themfelves fome affinity with the
affedions ; fo as it is no marvel if they alter the fpiiits, confiderimr that tunes have a predifpoftion to the motion of the
fpirits? Bacon's Nat. HiJl.
External accidents are often the occafional caufe of the
king’s evil ; but they fuppofe a predifpoftion of the body.
JVifeman s Surgery.
Predominance. 1 n.f [ppes and domina, Lat.] Prevalence;
Predominancy. J fuperiority; afcendency; fuperior in¬
fluence.
"We make guilty of our difafters, the fun, the moon and
the ftars, as if we were knaves, thieves and treacherous by
fpherical predominance. Shakefp. King Lear.
An inflammation confifts only of a fanguineous affluxion, or
elfe is denominable from other humours, according to the
predominancy of melancholy, phlegm or choler. Brown.
In human bodies, there is an inceftant warfare amongft the
humours for predominancy. Howel s Vocal Foreji.
The true caufe of the Pharifces difbelief of Chrift s doc¬
trine, was the predominance of their covetoufnefs and ambi¬
tion over their will. South's Sermons.
The feveral rays therefore in that white light do retain their
colorific qualities, by which thofe of any fort, whenever they
become more copious than the reft, do, by their excels
and predominance, caufe their proper colour to appear.
Newton.
Predominant. adj. [predominant, Fr. pres and dominor.]
Prevalent; fupreme in influence ; afeendent.
Miferable were the condition of that church, the weighty
affairs whereof fhould be ordered by thofe deliberations,
wherein fuch an humour as this were predominant. Hooker.
Foul lubornation is predominant,
And equity exil’d your highnefs’ land. Shakefp.
It is a planet, that will ftrike
Where ’tis predominant; and ’tis powerful. Shakefp.
Thofe helps were overweighed by divers things that made
a^ainll him, and Were predominant in the king’s mind.
Bacon.
PRE
Whether the fun, predominant in heav’n.
Rile on the earth ; or earth rile on the fun. Milton.
I could fhew you feveral pieces, where the beauties of this
kind are fo predominant, that you could never be able to read
or underhand them. Swift.
To Predominate, v. n. [predominer, Fr. pres and dominor,
Lat.] 'Fo prevail; to be afeendent; to be lupreme in ir>
fluence.
So much did love t’ her executed lord
Predominate in this fair lady’s heart. Daniel.
The gods formed womens fouls out of thefe principles
which compole feveral kinds of animals; and their good or
bad difpofition arifes, according as fuch and fuch principles
predominate in their conftitutions. Addifon.
The rays, reflected leaft obliquely, may predominate over
the reft, fo much as to caufe a heap of fuch particles to ap¬
pear very intenfely of their colour. Newton's Opticks.
Where judgment is at a lofs to determine the choice of a
lady who has leveral lovers, fancy may the more allowably
predominate. ClariJJa.
To Pre'elect. v. a. [pres and eleCi.] To chufe by previous
decree. \
Pre'eminence. n. f [preeminence, Fr. pres and eminence.
It is fometimes written, to avoid the junction of ee, preheminence.]
1. Superiority of excellence.
I plead for the preeminence of epick poetry. Dryden.
Let profit have the preeminence of honour in the end of
poetry; pleafure, though but the fecond in degree, is the
firft in favour. Dryden.
The preeminence of chriftianity to any other religious
fcheme which preceded it, appears from this, that the moft
eminent among the Pagan philofophers difclaimed many of
thofe fuperftitious follies which are condemned by revealed
religion. Addifon.
2. Precedence ; priority of place.
His lance brought him captives to the triumph of Artefia’s
beauty, fuch, as though Artefia be amongft the faireft, yet
in that company were to have the preeminence. Sidney.
He toucheth it as a fpecial preeminence of Junias and Andronicus, that in chriftianity they were his ancients.
Hooker.
I do invert you jointly with my power,
Preeminence, and all the large effects
That troop with majefty. Shakefp. King Lear.
The Englifh defired no preeminence, but offered equality
both in liberty and privilege, and in capacity of offices and
employments. Hayward,
Am I diftinguifh’d from you but by toils,
Superior toils, and heavier weight of cares !
Painful preeminence. Addifon s Cato.
3. Superiority of power or influence.
That which ftandeth on record, hath preeminence above that
which paffeth from hand to hand, and hath no pens but the
tongues, no book but the ears of men. Hooker.
Beyond the equator, the Southern point of the needle is
fovereign, and the North fubmits his preeminence. Brown.
Preeminent, adj. [preeminent, Fr. pres and eminent.] Excel¬
lent above others.
Tell how came I here ? by fome great maker
In goodnefs and in pow’r preeminent. Alilton.
We claim a proper intereft above others, in the preeminent
rights of the houfhold of faith. Sprat's Sermons.
Preemption, n.f. [presemptio, Lat.] The right of purchafing before another.
Certain perfons, in the reigns of king Edward VI. and
queen Mary, fought to make ufe of this preemption, but crofted
in the profecution, or defeated in their expectation, gave it
over. Carets.
To PREENGA'GE. v. a. [pres and engage.] To engage by
precedent ties or contracts.
The world has the unhappy advantage of preengaging our
paffions, at a time when we have not reflection enough to
look beyond the inllrument to the hand whofe direction it
obeys. , Rogers s Sermons.
To Cipfeus by his friends his fuit he mov’d.
But he was preengag'd by former ties. Dryden.
Not only made an inllrument ;
But preengaged without my own confent. Dryden.
Preenga'cement. n.f [from preengage.] Precedent obli¬
gation.
My preengagements to other themes were not unknown *0
thofe for whom I was to write.
The opinions, luited to their refpcCtive tempers, will
make way to their affent, in fpite of accidental preengagemenu. t «&*/.
Men are apt to think, that thofe obediences they pay to
God (hall, like a preengagement, difannull all after-contracts
made by guilt. Decay of icty.
As far a5 opportunity ar>l former preengagemerit* will give.
leave. ' Collier °f FriendJhlP'
Preening.
P R E P R E
To Preen, v. a. £priincn, Dutch, to drcfs or prank up.] To
trim the feathers of birds, to enable them to glide more eafily
through the air : for this ufe nature has furnilhed them with
two peculiar glands, which fecrete an undtuous matter into a
perforated oil bag, out of which the bird, on occafton, draws
it with its bill. , Bailey.
To Preesta'blish. v. a. [pres and ejlablijh.] To fettle
beforehand. ‘
Preesta'blishment. n. f. [from preejlablijh.] Settlement
beforehand. .
To Preexi'st. v. a. [pres and exijlo, Lat.J To exift be¬
forehand.
If thy preexijling foul
Was form’d at firft with myriads more,
It did through all the mighty poets roll. Dryden.
Preexi'stence. n.J. [preexijlence, Fr. from preexijl.] Exiftencc beforehand; exigence of the foul before its union with
the body.
Wifdom declares her antiquity and preexijlence to all the
works of this earth. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
As Simonides has expofed the vicious part of women, from
the dodfrine of preexijlence ; fome of the ancient philofophers
have fatyrized the vicious part of the human fpecies, from a
notion of the foul’s poftexiftence. Addifon.
Pre existent, adj. [preexijlent, Fr. pres and exijlent.] Ex¬
igent beforehand ; preceding in exiftence.
Artificial things could not be from eternity, becaufe they
fuppofe man, by whole art they were made, preexijlent to
them; the workman muft be before the work. Burnet.
Blind to former, as to future fate.
What mortal knows his preexijlent ftate ? Pope.
If this preexijlent eternity is not compatible with a fucceffive duration, then fome being, though infinitely above our
finite comprehenfions, muft have had an identical, invariable
continuance from all eternity, which being is no other than
God. Bentley s Sermons.
PRE'FACE. n.f [preface, Fr. preefatio, Lat.] Something
fpoken introdudfory to the main defign ; introdudfion ; fome¬
thing proemial.
This fuperficial tale
Is but a preface to her worthy praife. Shakefp.
Sif Thomas More betrayed his depth of judgment in
ftate affairs in his Utopia, than which, in the opinion of
Budaeus in a preface before it, our age hath not feen a thing
more deep. Peacham of Poetry.
Heav’n’s high belief! no preface needs ;
Sufficient that thy pray’rs are heard, and death
Defeated of his feizure. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. xi.
To Pre face, v.n. [prefari,Lnt.] To fay fomething introdudtory.
Before I enter upon the particular parts of her character,
it is neceffary to preface, that fhe is the only child of a decrepid father. Spectator, N? 449*
To Pre'FACE. V. a.
1. To introduce by fomething proemial.
Thou art rafh,
And muft be prefac'd into government. Southern.
2. To face; to cover. A ludicrous fenfe.
I love to wear cloaths that are flufh,
Not prefacing old rags with plufli. Cleaveland.
Pre'facer. n.J. [from preface.] The writer of a preface.
If there be not a tolerable line in all thefe fix, the prefacer
gave me no occafton to write better. Dryden.
Pre'fatory. adj. [frompreface.] Introductory.
If this propofition, whofoever will be laved, be reftrained
only to thofe to whom it was intended, the chriftians, then
the anathema reaches not the heathens, who had never heard
of Chrift : after all, I am far from blaming even that prefa¬
tory addition to the creed. Dryden.
Pre'fect. n.f. [prafeCtus, Lat.] Governor; commander.
He is much
The better foldier, having been a tribune,
Prefect, lieutenant, praetor in the war. Bcnj. Johnfon.
It was the cuftom in the Roman empire, for the prefers
and vice-roys of diftant provinces to tranfmit a relation of
every thing remarkable in their adminiftration. Addijon.
Prefecture, n.f. [prefecture, Fr. presfeCiura, Lat.] Com¬
mand ; office of government.
To PREFE'R. v. a. [preferer, Fr. prafero, Lat.]
1. To regard more than another.
With brotherly love, in honour prefer one another. Ro.
2. With above before the thing poftponed.
If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the
roof of my mouth ; if I prefer not Jerulalem above my chief
joy. Pfalm cxxxvii. 6.
3. With before. ,
He that cometh after me, is preferred before me; for he
was before me. I0; *- IS>
It may worthily feem unto you a moft Ihameful thing, to
have prefered an infamous ponce before a. moftjuft war. Knolles.
O fpirit, that doft prefer
Before all temples th’ upright heart. Milton,
Prnior.
4. With to.
Would he rather leave this frantick feene.
And trees and beafts prefer to courts and men.
5. To advance ; to exalt ; to raife.
By the recommendation of the earl of Dunbar, he was
prejerd to the bilhoprick of Coventry and Litchfield. Clarend.
He fpakc, and to her hand prefer'd the bowl. Pope.
6. To offer folemnly ; to propofe publickly; to exhibit.
They flatly difavouch
To yield him more obedience or fupport;
And as t’ a perjur’d duke of Lancafter,
Their cartel of defiance they prefer. Daniel.
I, when my foul began to faint.
My vows and prayers to thee prefer d;
The lord my paffionate complaint.
Even from his holy temple, heard. Sandys.
Prefer a bill againft all kings and parliaments fince the
conqueft ; and if that won’t do, challenge the crown and
the two houfes. Collier on Duelling,
Take care.
Left thou prefer fo rafh a pray’r;
Nor vainly hope the queen of love
Will e’er thy fav’rite’s charms improva, Prior.
Every perfon within the church or commonwealth may
prefer an accufation, that the delinquent may fuffer condign
punifhment. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Pre'ferable. adj. [preferable, Fr. from prefer.] Eligible be¬
fore fomething elfe. With to commonly before the thing refufed.
The ftronger ties we have to an unalterable purfuit of happinefs, which is greateft good, the more are we free from
any neceffary compliance with our defire, fet upon any par¬
ticular, and then appearing preferable good, till we have duly
examined it, Locke.
Though it be incumbent on parents to provide for their
children, yet this debt to their children does not quite cancel
the fcore due to their parents; but only is made by nature
preferable to it. Locke.
Almoft every man in our nation is a politician, and hath a
fcheme of his own, which he thinks preferable to that of any
other. Addifon's Freeholder.
Even in fuch a ftate as this, the pleafures of virtue would
be fuperior to thofe of vice, and juftly preferable. Atterb.
Pre'ferableness. adj. [frompreferable.] The ftate of being
preferable.
Preferably, adv. [from preferable.] In preference; in fuch
a manner as to prefer one thing to another.
How came he to chufe a comick preferably to the tragick
poets ; or how comes he to chufe Plautus preferably to Te¬
rence. Dennis.
Pre'ference. n.f. [preference, Fr. horn prefer.]
1. The adt of prefering; eftimation of one thing above an¬
other ; eledtion of one rather than another.
It gives as much due to good works, as is confiftent with
the grace of the gofpel; it gives as much preference to divine
grace, as is confiftent with the precepts of the gofpel. Sprat.
Leave the criticks on either fide, to contend about the pre¬
ference due to this or that fort of poetry. Dryden.
We find in ourfelves a power to begin or forbear feveral
adtions of our minds and motions of our bodies, barely by a
thought or preference of the mind, ordering the doing, or not
doing fuch a particular adfion. Locke.
The feveral mufical inftruments in the hands ofthe Apollo’s,
Mufes and Fauns, might give light to the difpute for preference
between the ancient and modern mufick. Addifon.
A fecret pleafure touch’d Athena’s foul
To fee th0pref’rence due to facred age
Regarded. Pope's Odyjfey.
2. With to before the thing poftponed.
This paffes with his foft admirers, and gives him the pre¬
ference to Virgil. Dryden.
It diredfs one, in preference to, or with negledt of the other,
and thereby either the continuation or change becomes vo¬
luntary. Locke-.
3. With above.
I fhall give an account of fome of thofe appropriate and
diferiminating notices wherein the human body differs, and
hath preference above the moft perfedl brutal nature. Ha, e.
4. With before.
Herein is evident the vifible diferimination between the hu¬
man nature, and its preference before it. Hale.
5. With over.
The knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reafonings, and preference to one man’s knowledge over an¬
other- & Locke,
Preferment, n.f. [fromprefer.]
I. Advancement to a higher ftation.
I’ll move the king
To any fhape of thy preferment, fuch
As thou’lt defire. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
If you hear of that blind traitor.
Preferment falls on him that cuts him off. Shakefp.
20 G Princes
PRE
Princes mull, by a vigorous cxercile of that law, make it
every man’s intereft and honour to cultivate religion and vir¬
tue, by rendering vice a difgrace, and the certain ruin to pre¬
ferment or pretenlions. Swift.
2.A place of honour or profit.
All preferments fhould be placed upon fit men. L’EJlrange.
3- Preference; adt of prefering. Notinufe.
All which declare a natural preferment of the one unto the
motion before the other. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Prefe'rer. [from prefer.] One who prefers.
To PREFPGURATE. v. a. [pres and figuro, Lat.j To fhew
by an antecedent reprefentation.
Prefigura'tion. n.f [from prefiguratc.] Antecedent re¬
prefentation.
The fame providence that hath wrought the one, will
work the other ; the former being pledges, as well as prefi¬
gurations of the latter. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
The variety of prophefies and prefigurations had their punc¬
tual accomplifhment in the author of this inftitution. Norris.
To Prefigure, v. a. [pra and figuro, Lat.j To exhibit by
antecedent reprefentation.
What the Old Teftament hath, the very fame the New
containeth; but that which lieth there, as under a fhadow,
is here brought forth into the open fun; things there prefi¬
gured,, are here performed. Hooker.
Such piety, fo chafte ufe of God’s day,
That what we turn to feaft, fhe turn’d to pray.
And did prefigure here in devout tafte,
The reft of her high fabbath, which fhall laft. Donne.
If fhame fuperadded to lofs, and both met together, as
the finners portion here, perfedfly prefiguring the two faddeft
ingredients in hell, deprivation of the blifsful vifion, and confulion of face, cannot prove efficacious to the mortifying of
vice, the church doth give over the patient Hammond.
To Prefi'ne. v. a. [prefinir, Fr. prafinio, Lat.j To limit
beforehand.
He, in his immoderate defires, prefined unto himfelf three
years, which the great monarchs of Rome could not perform
in fo many hundreds. Knolles’s Hift. of the Turks.
To PREFFX. v. a. [prafigo, Lat.j
1. To appoint beforehand.
At the prefix'd hour of her awaking;,
Came l to take her from her kindred^ vault. Shakcfp.
A time prefix, and think of me at laft ! Sandys.
Its inundation conftantly increafeth the feventh day ofJune ;
wherein a larger form of ipeech were fafer, than that which
punctually prefixeth a conftant day. Brown.
Booth’s forward valour only ferv’d to Ihow,
He durft that duty pay we all did owe :
Th’ attempt was fair; but heav’ns prefixed hour
Not come. Dryden.
2. To fettle; to eftablifh.
Beca'ufe I would prefix fome certain boundary between them,
the old ftatutes end with king Edward II. the new or later
llatutes begin with king Edward III. Hale's Law of England.
Thefe boundaries of fpecies are as men, and not as nature
makes them, if there are in nature any fuch prefixed
bounds. Lociem
3. To put before another thing: as, he prefixed an advertifement
to his book.
Prefi x. n.f [prafixum, Lat.j Some particle put before a
word, to vary its iignification.
In the Hebrew language the noun has its prefixa and affixa,
the former to fignify fome few relations, and the latter to de¬
note the pronouns pofieffive and relative. Clarke.
It is a prefix of augmentation to many words in that lan¬
guage. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Prefi xion. n. f. [prefixion,Yr. from prefix.J The adt of
prefixing. Di£t.
To Prefo'rm. v. a. [pra andform.J To form beforehand.
If you conlider the true caufe,
Why all thefe things change, from their ordinance.
Their natures and preformed faculties,
To monftrous quality ; why you Ihall find,
That heav n made them inftruments of fear
Unto fome monftrous ftate. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
Pre GNANCY. n.f. [from pregnant.]
1. The ftate of being with young.
The breaft is encompafled with ribs, and the belly left free,
for refpiration ; and in females, for that extraordinary extenfion in the time of their pregnancy. Ray on the Creation.
2. Fertility; fruitfulnefs ; inventive power ; acutenefs.
Pregnancy is made a tapfter, and hath his quick wit wafted
in giving reckonings. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
his writer, out of the pregnancy of his invention, hath
foun out an old way of infinuating the grofleft reflections
PpT'rwlff31-.06 of admonitions. Swift’s Mifcel.
PRE GNAN I adj [pregnant, Fr. pragnans, Lat.j J ,
1. Teeming; breeding. 6 J
Thou
Dove-like fat’d brooding on the vaft abyfs.
And mad & it pregnant. ^
His town, as fame reports, was built of old
By Danae, pregnant with almighty gold. Dryden.
PRE
Through either ocean, foolifh man !
That pregnant word lent forth again,
Might to a world extend each atom there,
For every drop call forth a fea, a heav’n for ev’ry ftar. Pri.
2. fruitful; fertile; impregnating.
All thefe in their pregnant caufes mixt: Milton.
Call the floods from high, to rulh amain
With pregnant ftreams, toifwell the teeming grain. Dryden.
3. Full of confequence.
Thefe knew not the juft motives and pregnant grounds,
with which I thought myfelf furnifhed. King Charles.
An egregious and pregnant inftance how far virtue furpafles
ingenuity. Woodward’s Nat. Hift.
O deteftable, paffive obedience ! did I ever imagine I
fhould become thy votary in fo pregnant an inftance. Arb.
4. Evident ; plain ; clear ; full. An obfolete fenfe.
This granted, as it is a moft pregnant and unforc’d pofition,
who Hands fo eminent in the degree of this fortune as Caffio?
a knave very voluble. Skaiefp. Othello.
Were’t not that we Hand up againft them all,
’Twere pregnant, they fhould fquare between themfelves.
Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
5. Eafy to produce any thing.
A moft poor man made tame to fortune’s blows.
Who by the art of known and feeling forrows,
Am pregnant to good pity. Shakefp. King Lear.
6. Free ; kind. Obfolete.
My matter hath no voice, but to your own moft pregnant
and vouchfafed ear. ShakeJ'peare.
Pregnantly, adv. [from pregnant.J
1. Fruitfully.
2. Fully; plainly; clearly.
A thouland moral paintings I can fhew,
That fha.ll demonftrate thele quick blows of fortune
More pregnantly than words. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
The dignity of this office among the Jews is fo pregnantly
fet forth in holy writ, that it is unqueftionuble; kings and
priefts are mentioned together. South's Sermons.
Pregusta'tion. n. f. [pra and guflo, Lat.j The act of
tailing before another.
To PREJU'DGE. v.a. £prejuger, Fr. pra and judico, Lat.j To
determine any queftion beforehand ; generally to condemn
beforehand.
If he flood upon his own title of the houfe of Laneafter,
he knew it was condemn’d in parliament, and prejudged in
the common opinion of the realm, and that it tended to the
difinherifon of the line of York. Bacon’s Henry VII.
The child was ftrong and able, though born in the eight
month, which the phyficians do prejudge. - Bacon.
The committee of council hath prejudged the whole cafe,
by calling the united fenfe of both houfes of parliament an
univerfal clamour. Swift.
Some adlion ought to be entered, left a greater caufe fhould
be injured and prejudged thereby. Afiifife.
To Preju'dicate. v. a. [pra and judico, Lat.j To de¬
termine beforehand to difadvantage.
Our deareft friend
Prejudicates the bufinefs, and would feem
To have us make denial. Shakefpeare.
Are you, in favour of his perfon, bent
Thus to prejudicate the innocent ? Sandys.
Preju'dicate. adj. [from'the verb.J
1. bormed by prejudice; formed before examination.
This rule of calling away all our former prejudicate opi¬
nions, is not propofed to any of us to be pradtifed at once as
fubjedts or chriftians, but merely as philofophers. Watt:.
2. Prejudiced ; prepoflefled.
Their works will be embraced by moft that underftand
them, and their reafons enforce belief from prejudicate
readers. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Prejudica'tion. n.f. [from prejudicate.] The adfc of judg¬
ing beforehand.
PRF/JUDICE. n.f. £prejudice, Fr. prejudicium, Lat.j
1. Prepofleffion ; judgment formed beforehand without exami¬
nation. . It is ufed for prepofleffion in favour of any thing or
againft it. It is lometimes uled with to before that which the
prejudice is againft, but not properly.
The king himfelf frequently confidered nnye the perfon
who fpoke, as he was in his prejudice, than the counfel itfelf
that was given. Clarendon, b. viii.
My comfort is, that their manifeft prejudice to my caufe
will render their judgment of lefs authority. Dryden.
There is an unaccountable prejudice to projedtors of .all
kinds, for which reafon, when I talk of pradfiling to flv,
filly people think me an owl for my pains. Addijon.
2. Milchief; detriment; hurt; injury. This fenfe is only ac¬
cidental or confequential; a bad thing being called a prejudice,
only becaufe prejudice is commonly a bad thing, and is not de¬
rived from the original or etymology of the word: it were
therefore better to ufe it lefs ; perhaps prejudice ought never
to be applied to any mifebief, which does not imply lome
partiality or prepofleffion. In fome of the following examples
its impropriety will be difeovered.
I have
P R E
1 have not fpake one the leaf! word,
That might be prejudice of her prefent ftate,
Or touch of her good perfon. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
England and France might, through their amity,
Breed him fome prejudice ; for from this league
Peep’d harms that menac'd him. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
Factions carried too high and foo violently, is a fign of
weaknefs in princes, and much to the prejudice of their au¬
thority and bufinefs. Bacon.
How plain this abufe is, and what prejudice it does to the
undemanding of the facred feriptures. Locke.
A prince of this character will inftruCl us by his example,
to hx the unfteadinefs of our politicks ; or by his conduCt
hinder it from doing us any prejudice. Addifon.
1 o Prejudice, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To prepoflefs with unexamined opinions ; to fill with pre¬
judices.
Half-pillars wanted their expeCied height.
And roofs imperfect prejudic'd the fight. Prior.
Suffei not any beloved ftudy to prejudice your mind, fo far
as to defpife all other learning. IVatts.
No fnares to captivate the mind he fpreads,
Nor bribes your eyes to prejudice your heads. Anonym.
2. To obftruCt or injure by prejudices previoufly railed.
Companies of learned men, be they never fo great and re¬
verend, are to yield unto reafon; the weight whereof is no
whit prejudiced by the fimplicity of his perfon, which doth
alledge it. Hooker, b. \[.f y.
Neither muft his example, done without the book, preju¬
dice that which is well appointed in the book. Whitgifte.
I am not to prejudice the caufe of my fellow-poets, though
I abandon my own defence. Drydcn.
3* T o injure; to hurt; to diminifh; to impair; to be detri¬
mental to. This fenfe, as in the noun, is often improperly
extended to meanings that have no relation to the original
fenfe ; who can read with patience of an ingredient that pre¬
judices a medicine ?
The ftrength of that law is fuch, that no particular nation
can lawfully prejudice the fame by any their feveral laws and
ordinances, more than a man by his private refolutions, the
law of the whole commonwealth wherein he liveth. Hooker.
The Danube relcu’d, and the empire Sav'd,
Say, is the majefty of verfe retriev'd ?
And would it prejudice thy fofter vein,
To ling the princes, Louis and Eugene ? Prior.
To this is added a vinous bitter, warmer in the compofition
of its ingredients than the watry infufion; and, as gentian
and lemon-peel make a bitter of fo grateful a flavour, the
only care required in this compofition was to chufe fuch an ad¬
dition as might not prejudice it. London Difpenfatory.
Prejudicial, adj. [prejudiciable, Fr. fromprejudiced]
1. ObftruCtive by means of oppofite prepoffeifions.
2. Contrary ; oppofite.
What one fydable is there, in all this, prejudicial any way
to that which we hold ? Hooker, b. n.f. 5.
3. Mifchievous ; hurtful; injurious; detrimental. This fenfe
is improper. See Prejudice, noun and verb.
His going away the next morning with all his troops, was
moft prejudicial and 1110ft ruinous to the king’s affairs. Claren.
One of the young ladies reads, while the others are at
work ; fo that the learning of the family is not at all preju¬
dicial to its manufactures. Addifon1 s Guardian.
A Rate of great profperity, as it expofes us to various
temptations, fo it is often prejudicial to us, in that it fwells
the mind with undue thoughts. Atterburys Sermons.
Prf.judFcialness. n.f [fromprejudicial.] The ffate of being
prejudicial; mifehievoufnefs. -
Pre'lacy. n.f. [from prelate.]
1. The dignity or port of a prelate or ecclefiaftick of the higheft
order.
Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices ; as that of
the pontificate, a patriarchfhip, an archbifhoprick and bifliopnrckV Ayliffe’s Parergon.
2. Epifcopacy; the order of bifhops.
1 he prefbyter, puff’d up with fpiritual pride.
Shall on the necks of the lewd nobles ride.
His brethren damn, the civil power defy,
And parcel out republick prelacy. Dryden
How many are there, that call themfelves proteflants, who
put prelacy and popery together as terms convertible. Swift.
3. Bifhops. ColleCtively. J
Divers of the reverend prelacy, and other moft judicious
men, have efpecially beftowed their pains about the matter of
jurifdiCtion. Hooker's Dedication.
PREXATE. n.f. [prelat, Fr. pralatus, Lat.J An ecclefiafliek of the highefi order and dignity.
It befeemed not the perfon of lb grave a prelate, to be ei¬
ther utterly without counfel, as the reft were, or in a common
perplexity to fhew himfelf alone fecure. Hooker.
Hear him but reafon in divinity,
And, all-admiring, with an inward wifh
You would defirc the king were made a prelate. Sbakefp.
P R E
The archbifhop of Vienna, a reverend prelate, Laid one
day to king Lewis XI. of France ; fir, your mortal enemy is
dead, what time duke Charles of Burgundy was flain. Bacon.
Yet Munfler’s prelate ever be accurfl.
In whom we feek the German faith in vain. Dryden.
Prelatical. adj. [from prelate.] Relating to prelate or
prelacy. Did}.
Prela'tion. n.f. [pradatus, Lat.] Preference; fetting of
one above the other.
In cafe the father left only daughters, they equally fucceeded as in co-patnerfhip, without any prelation or preference
of the eldefl daughter to a double portion. Halt.
Pre'lature. [n’f [pralatura, Lat. prelature, Fr.] The
Pre latureship. } ffate or dignity of a prelate. Did7.
Prelection, n.f. [praleftio, Lat.j Reading; leCture;
difeourfe.
He that is defirous to profecute thefe afyflata of infinitude,
let him refort to the prelections of Faber. Hale.
Preliba'tion. n.f. .[from prtslibo, Lat.j Tafte beforehand ;
effufion previous to tailing.
T he firm belief of this, in an innocent foul, is a high
prelibation of thofe eternal joys. More's Divine Dialogues.
Preliminary, adj. [preliminaire, Fr. pres limine, Lat.j Pre¬
vious; introductory; proemial.
My mailer needed not the affiftance of that, preliminary poet
to prove his claim ; his own majeftick mien difeovers him to
be the king. _ _ Dryden.
Preliminary, n.f. Something previous; preparatory meafures.
The third confifts of the ceremonies of the oath on both
fides, and the preliminaries to the combat. Notes on Iliad.
PRELU DE. n.f. [prelude, Fr.pnsludium, Lat.j
1. Some fhort flight of mulick played before a full concert.
2. Something introductory ; fomething that only fhews what is
to follow.
To his infant arms oppofe
His father’s rebels and his brother’s foes ;
Thofe were the preludes of his fate,
That form’d his manhood, to fubdue
The hydra of the many-headed hiding crew. Dryden.
The laft Georgick was a good prelude to the ^Eneis, and
very well fliewed what the poet could do in the defeription of
what was really great. Addifon.
One conceffion to a man is but a prelude to another.
't- n Clariffa.
10 Prelu'de. V. a. [preluder, Fr. presludo, Lat.j To Serve
as an introduction; to be previous to.
Either fongfler holding out their throats.
And folding up their wings, renew’d their notes.
As if all day, preluding to the fight,
They only had rehears’d, to ling by night. Dryden„
Prelu dious. adj. [from prelude.] Previous; introductory.
T hat’s but a preludious blifs,
Two fouls pickeering in a kifs. Cleaveland.
PRELUDIUM. n.f. [Latin.] Prelude.
This Menelaus knows, expos’d to fhare
With me the roughpreludium of the war. Dryden.
Prelusive, adj. [from prelude.] Previous; introductory;
proemial. 1
The clouds
Softly fhaking on the dimpled pool
Prelufve drops, let all their moifture flow. 'Tbomfon.
PREMAIU'RE. adj. [premature, Fr. pramaturus, Lat.j Ripe
too foon ; formed before the time ; too early ; too foon faid,
believed, or done ; too hafty.
’Tis hard to imagine, what poflible confideration fhould
perfuade him to repent, 'till he depofited that premature perfuaiion of his being in Chrift. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Prematurely, adj. [from premature.] Too early; too
foon ; with too haity ripenels.
Prematu'reness. ln.f [from premature.'] Too «reat hafte •
Prematu'rity. unSeaSonable earlinefs. &
Fo PREMEDITATE, v. a. [presmeditor, Lat. premediter,
br.J To contrive or form beforehand ; to conceive before¬
hand.
Where I have come, great clerks have purpofed
To greet me with premeditated welcomes. Sbakefp.
With words premeditated thus he faid. Dryden.
To Preme ditate. v. n. To have formed in the mind by
previous meditation ; to think beforehand.
Of themfelves they were rude, and knew not fo much as
how to premeditate ; the fpirit gave them fpeech and eloquent
utterance. Hooker's Ecdefiafical Polity.
1 remedita tion. n. f. [pracmeditaho, Lat. premeditation Fr
Irom premeditate.] ACt of meditating beforehand
, ,Are a11 th’ unlook’d-for iiTue of their bodies
To take their rooms ere I can place myfelf
A cold premeditation for my purpofe ? * shakeft>
d”°P"J? 7'“Ofenjoyment, „ when a
'» ' s> 1,11 hli matter has done picking of the bone.
More's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
1 Verfe
P R E
Verfc is not the eM of hidden thought; but this hinders
not, that fudden thought may be reprefented in verfe, iince
thofe thoughts muft be higher than nature can raife without
premeditation. ~ Dryden on Dramatick Poetry.
Pre'mices. n.f. [primities, Lat. prentices, r r.J n 1111 sA charger, yearly filled with fruits was ottered to the
gods at their feftivals, as the primus or firft gatherings. Dry.
PREMIER, a*. [French.] Firft i chief.
The Spaniard challenge* the garner place, in regaid of
, . , . \ Camden s Remains.
his dominions.
Thus families like realms, with equal fate,
Are funk by premier minifters of hate. Swift.
To Premise, v. a. [pramijfus, Lat.]
1. To explain previoufly ; to lay down premiles.
The apoftle’s difcourfe here is an anfwer upon a ground
taken ; he premifeth, and then infers. Burnet.
I premife thefe particulars, that the reader may know 1 enter
upon it as a very ungrateful talk.. Addtfon.
2. To fend before the time. Not in ufe.
O let the vile world end,
And the premifed flames of the laft day ,rT
Knit earth and heav’n together ! Sbakefp. Henry VI.
To Preme/rit. v. a. [pratmereor, Lat.] To deferve before.
They did not forgive Sir John Hotham, who had fo much
premerited of them. King Charles.
Pre'mises. n.f. [prasmiffa, Lat. premises, Fr[
1. Propofitions antecedently fuppofed or proved.
They infer upon the premijes, that as great difference as
commodioufly may be, there fliould be in all outward cere¬
monies between the people of God, and them which are not
his people. Hooker, hAv/f 7;
This is fo regular an inference, that whilft the premijes ltand
firm, it is impoffible to (hake the conclufion. Decay of Piety.
She ftudy’d well the point, and found
Her foes conclufions were not found,
From premifes erroneous brought, _ ?
And therefore the deduction’s nought. Swift s Mifcel.
2. In low language, houfes or lands, : as, I was upon toe premiffes. . .
Pre'miss. n. f [presmiffum, Lat.] Antecedent propohtion.
This word is rare in the fingular. _
They know the major or minor, which is implied, when
you pronounce the other premifs and the conclufion. Watts.
Premium, n.f. [prcsmium, Lat.] Something given to invite
a loan or a bargain.
No body cares to make loans upon a new project; whereas
men never fail to bring in their money upon a land-tax, when
the premium or intereil allowed them is fuited to the hazard
they run. Addifon's Freeholder, Nu 23.
People were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large
intereft j and it concerned them to preferve that government
which they had trufted with their money. Swift s Mijcel.
To PREMO'NISH. v a. [pramoneo, Lat.] To warn or admonifh beforehand. .
Premo'nishment.b./ [frompremonif.] Previous information.
After thefe premonifoments, I will come to the compartition
Wotton's Architecture.
Premonition, n.f. [from premonijh.] Previous notice ; pre¬
vious intelligence.
What friendly premonitions have been fpent
On your forbearance, and their vain event. Chapman.
How great the force of fuch an erroneous perfuaiion is, we
may colfe# from our Saviour’s premonition to his difaples,
when he tells them, that thofe who killed them fhould think
they did God fervice. D
Premonitory, n.f. [from pres and moneo, Lat.] reviou y
To Premo'nstrate. v. a. [pres and monjlro, Lat.] To fliow
beforehand.
PREMUNI'RE. n.f [Latin.] .
1. A writ in the common law, whereby a penalty is incurrao e,
as infringing fome ftatute. # .
Premunire is now grown a good word in our Englim aws,
by trad; of time ; and yet at firft it was merely miftaken tor a
premoncre. Bromhall agamjl Hobbs
Woolfey incurred a premunire, forfeited his honour, eitate
and life, which he ended in great calamity. South.
2. The penalty fo incurred. .
3. A difficulty ; a diftrefs. A low ungrammatical word. .
Premu'nition. n.f. [frompramumo, Lat.] An anticipation
of objedion. .
To Preno'minate. v. a. [precnommo, Lat.] 1 o foiename.
He you would found,
Having ever feen, in the prenominate crimes,
The youth, you breathe of, guilty. Sbakefp. Flamlet.
Pr enomina'tion. n. f [pres and nomino, Lat.] I he privi¬
lege of being named firft.
The watry productions (hould have the prenomination ; and
they of the land rather derive their names, than nominate
thole of the fea. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Preno'tion. n.f. [prenotion, Fr. pres and nofco, Lat.] Fore¬
knowledge ; prefcience.
6
P R E
The hed»eho»’s prefenfion of winds is fo exafl, that it
ftoppeth the°north or fouthern hole of its nefl, according unto
prenotion of thefe winds enfuing. _ row...
PRE'NTICE. n.f [contracted, by colloquial licence, from
apprentice.] One bound to a matter, in older to in iu tion
in a trade. f
My accufer is my prentice, and when I did correct, him or
his fault, he did vow upon his knees he would be even wit
me> Sbakefp. Henry V I.
Pre nticeship. n.f. [from prentice.] he fervitude of an
appientice.
He ferv'd a prenticefoip, who fets up {hop,
Ward try’d on puppies, and the poor his drop. Pope.
Prenu'nciation. n. f. [presnuncio, Lat.] The aCt of telling
before Diet.
Preo'ccuPANCY. n.f [from preoccupate.] -The aCt of taking
poffeffion before another. T ,
To PREO'CCUPATE. v. a. [preoccuper, Fr. preeoccupo, L-at. J
1. To anticipate. ,
Honour afpireth to death ; grief flieth to it; and fear pre-
,' .7 *. Bacon, occupietb it.
2. To prepoffefs ; to fill with prejudices.
That the model be plain without colours, left the eye
preoccupate the judgment. JWotton's Architecture.
Preoccupation, n.f [preoccupation,Fr. from preoccupate.\
1. Anticipation.
2. Prepoffeffion.
3. Anticipation of obje&ion. ,
As if, by way of preoccupation, he {hould have faid ; well,
here you fee your commiffion, this is your duty, thefe are
your dilcouragements; never feek for evafions from worldly
afflictions ; this is your reward, if you perform it; this is your
doom, if you decline it. South's Sermons.
To Preoccupy, v. a. To prepoffefs ; to occupy by antici¬
pation or prejudices.
I think it more refpeCtful to the reader to leave fomething
to reflections, than preoccupy his judgment. Arbuthnot.
To Pre'ominate. v. a. [pres and ominor, Lat.] To prognofticate ; to gather from omens any future event.
Becaufe many ravens were feen when Alexander entered
Babylon, they were thought to preominate his death. Brown.
Pre'opinion. n.J. [pres and opinio, Lat.] Opinion antece¬
dently formed; prepoffeffion. _ w .
Diet holds no folid rule of feleCtion j fome, in indLcinct
voracity, eating almoft any; others, out of a timorous pi eopinion, refraining from very many things. Brown.
To PRE'ORDAIN. v. a. [pres and ordain.'] To ordain before¬
hand. .
Sin is the contrariety to the will of God, and if all things
bo preordained by God, and fo demonftrated to be willed by
him, it remains there is no fuch thing as fin. Hammond.
Few fouls preordain'd by fate,
The race of gods have reach’d that envy’d ftate. Rofcom.
Preo'rdinance. n.f. [pres and ordinance.] Antecedent de¬
cree ; firft decree. Not in ufe.
Thefe lowly courtefies
Might ftir the blood of ordinary men.
And turn preordinance and firft decree
Into the law of children. Sbakefp. Julius Cesfar.
PreoRdinaTion. n.f. [frompreordain.] The aCt of preor¬
daining. .
Prepara tion, n.f [preparatio, Lat. preparation, Fr. from
prepare.]
1. The aCt of preparing or previoufly fitting any thing to any
purpofe.
Nothing hath proved more fatal to that due preparation for
another life, than our unhappy miftake of the nature and end
Gf Wake's Preparationfor Death.
2. Previous meafures.
I will {hew what preparations there were in nature for this
meat difiolution, and after what manner it came to pafs.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
3. Ceremonious introduction.
I make bold to prefs, with fo little preparation, upon you.
_You’re welcome. Sbakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
4. The aCt of making or fitting by a regular procels.
In the preparations of cookery, the molt volatile parts of
vegetables are deftroyed. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
5. Any thing made by procefs of operation.
I wi{h the chymifts had been more fparing, who magnify
their preparations, inveigle the curiofity of many, and delude
the fecurity of moll. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
6. Accomplilhment; qualification. Out of ule.
Sir John, you are a gentleman ot excellent breeding, au
thentick in your place afift pcrlbn, generally allowed for your
many warlike, courtlike and learned pr,perot,om. Shat,?-
Prepa'Rative. aij. \frtperauf, Fr. from pr,par,.] Having
the power of preparing or qualifying.
Would men have fpent toilfome days and watchful mgnrs
in the laborious quett of knowledge
work.
Prepa RAtive.
P R E
PRE
Preparative. « /• [preparaiif, Fr. froifi frepare.] •
j That which has the power of preparing or previoully fitting.
They tell us the profit of reading is fingular, in that it
ferveth for a preparative unto fermons. Hooker.
My book of advancement of learning may he tome treparati -'c or key for the better opening of the inftauration. Bacon.
Rcfolvednefs in fin can, with no reafon, be imagined a pre¬
parative to remillion. . Decay of Piety.
2 That which is done in order to fomething elfe.
The miferies, which have enfued, may be yet, through
thy mercy, preparatives to us of future bleffings. K. Charles.
Such a temper is a contradiction to Repentance, as being
founded in the deftruftion of thole qualities, which are the
only difpofitions and pre; aratives to it. South's Sermons.
What avails it to make all the neceffary preparatives for
our voyage, if we do not actually begin the journey. Dryden.
Prf.pa rativ ly. adv. [froin prepa>ative.] Previoully ; by
way of preparation. . ;
It is preparativcly necelfary to many ufeful things in this
life, as to make a inan a good phyfician. Hale.
Preparatory, adj. [preparatoire, Fr.]
1. Antecedently necelfary.
The practice of all thefe is proper to our condition in this
world, and preparatory to our happinefs in the next. Dillotfon.
2. Introductory ; previous ; antecedent. . _ .
Preparatory, limited and formal interrogatories in writing
preclude this way of occafional interrogatories. Hale.
Rains were but preparatory, the violence of the deluge de¬
pended upon the difruption of the great abyfs. Burnet.
To PREPA'RE. v. a. [fraparc, Lat. preparer, Fr.]
j. To fit for any thing ; to adjuft to any ufe ; to make ready for
any purpofe.
Patient Oftavia, plough thy vifage up
With her prepared nails. Shakefp. Ant. arid Cleop. 0
Confound the peace eftablifh’d, and prepare
Their foulsto hatred, and their hands to war. Dryden.
Our fouls, not yet prepar'd for upper light.
Till doomfday wander in the fhades of night. . Dryden.
The beams of light had been in vain display'd,
Had not the eye been fit for vifion made ;
Jn vain the author had the eye prepar'd
With fo much (kill, had not the light appear’d. Blackmore.
2. To qualify for any purpofe.
Some preachers, being prepared only upon two or three
points of doftrine, run the fame round. Addifon.
3. To make ready beforehand.
There he maketh the hungry to dwell, that they may pre¬
pare a city for habitation. Pfalm cviii. 36.
Now prepare thee for another fight. Milton.
He took the golden compalfes, prepar'd
In God s eternal (lore, to circumfcribe
This univerle. Milton.
4. To form ; to make.
The woman fled into the wildernefs, where fine hath a
place prepared of God to feed her. Rev. xii. 6.
He hath founded it upon the feas, and prepared it upon the
floods. Pfalm xxiv. 2.
5. To make by regular procefs: as, he prepared a medicine.
To Prepa re, v. n.
1. To take previous meafures.
Efficacy is a power of fpeech, which reprefents to our
minds the lively ideas ol things fo truly, as if we faw them
with our eves ; as Dido preparing to kill herfelf. Peacham.
2. To make every thing ready; to put things in order.
Go in, firrah, hid them prepare for dinner. Shakefp.
The long-fuffering of God waited in the days of Noah,
while the ark was a preparing. > # 1 eter “l- 2*
3. To make one’s felf ready ; to put himfelf in a Irate ot ex¬
pectation.
Prepa're. n. f. [from the verb.] Preparation; previous mea¬
fures. Not in ufe.
In our behalf
Go levy men, and make prepare for war. Shakefp.
Prepa'redey. adv. [from prepared.] By proper precedent
meafures.
She preparedly may frame herfelf
To th’ way fhe’s forc’d to. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Preparedness n.f. [from prepare.] State or aft of being
prepared : as, he's in a preparednefsfor hisfinal exit.
PrePa'rer. n.f. [from prepare.] .
1. One that prepares ; one that prev.oufly fits
The bifhop of Ely, the fitteft preparer of her mind to re¬
ceive fuch a doleful accident, came to vifit her. Wotton.
2. T hat which fits for any tiling. , c .
Codded grains are an improver of
Prepe°nse CfA [/« <•»«'/“>’ Lat-1 Forethought; preconPrepe'nse'd. \ ceived; contrived beforehand ; as, make, prePrepo'NDERANCE. )» / [frompreponderate.] The Bate ot
To^Wnde*. *. «. [from fr^rate.} To outweigh
Though pillars by channelling be feemingly mgrolTed to
our ledit, yet they are truly weakned ; and therefore ought
not to be the more (lender, but the more corpulent, unlefs
apparences phonier truths. Warn « ArMure.
PrePoTdeRANCY. S outweighing; fuperiority of weight. (
As to addition of ponderofity in dead bodies, comparing
them unto blocks, this occafional preponderant is rather art
appearance than reality. , Brown s Vulgar Erroun.
The mind ffiould examine all the grounds of probability,
and, upon a due balancing the whole, reject or receive pro¬
portionally to the preponderant of the greater grounds of
probability. _ . . r ,
Little lio-ht boats were the fliips which people ufed, to the
Tides whereof this fiffi remora fattening, might make it iwag, as
the leaft preponderance on either fide will do, and fo retard its
courfe. Grew s Mufesum*
To PREPONDERATE, v. a. [puepondero, Lat.]
1. To outweigh ; to overpower by weight.
An inconfiderable weight, by diftance from the centre ot
the balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes. Glanvill.
The trivialleft thing, when a paffion is caft into tne fcale
with it, preponderates fubftantial bleffings. Gov. of the Longue.
2. To overpower by ftronger influence.
To Prepo'nderate. v. n.
1. To exceed in weight.
He that would make the lighter fcale preponderate, will not
fo foon do it, by adding increale of new weight to the emptier,
as if he took out of the heavier, what he adds to the lighter.
Locke.
Unlefs the very mathematical center of gravity of every
fyftem be placed and fixed in the very mathematical center of
the attractive power of all the reft, they cannot be evenly at¬
tracted on all Tides, but mu{{preponderate fome way or other.
Bentley's Sermons.
2. To exceed in influence or power analogous to yveight.
Iii matters of probability, we cannot be fure that we have
all particulars before us, and that there is no evidence be¬
hind, which may outweigh all that at prefent feems to pre¬
ponderate W\tb us. Locket,
By putting every argument on one fide and the other into
the balance, we mutt form a judgment which fide prepon¬
derates. 1 IVam.
Prepondera'tion. n.f. [from preponderate.] The aft or
ftate of outweighing any thing.
In matters, which require prefent praftice, we mutt con¬
tent ourfelves with a mere preponderation of probable reafons.
Watts's Logick.
To Prepo'se. v. a. [prepofer, Fr. prapono, Lat.] To put
before. Dift;
Preposi'tion. n. f. [preepofition, Fr. preepofitio, Lat.] In
grammar, a particle governing a cafe.
A prepofition fignifies fome relation, which the thing fignified by the word following it, has to fomething going before in
the difeourfe ; as, Cefar came to Rome. Clarke's Lat. Gram.
Prepo'sitor. n.f [prespofitor, Lat.] A fcholar appointed by
the matter to overlook the reft.
To PREPOSSE'SS. v.a. [pra and poffefs.] To fill with art
opinion unexamined ; to prejudice.
She was prepoffefifed with the fcandal of falivating. JVifcm.
Preposse'ssiov. n.f. [from prepojjefs.]
1. Preoccupation; firft poffeffion.
God hath taken care to anticipate and prevent every man
to give piety the prepofiejfion, before other competitors fliould
be able to pretend to him; and fo to engage him in holinefs
firft and then in blifs. Hammond's Fundamentals.
2. Prejudice ; preconceived opinion.
Had the poor vulgar rout only, who were held under the
prejudices and prepoffefftons of education, been abufed into
fuch idolatrous fuperftitions, it might have been pitied, but
not fo much wondred at. South's Sermons.
With thought, from prepoffeffion free, reflect
On folar rays, as they the fight refpeft. Blackmore.
PREPO'STEROUS. adj. [prcepoflerus, Lat.]
1. Having that firft which ought to belaft; wrong; abfurd j
perverted.
Put a cafe of a land of Amazons, where the whole go¬
vernment, publick and private, is in the hands of women ;
is not fuch a prepoflerous government againft the firft order of
nature, for women to rule over men, and in itfelf void l Bac.
Death from a father’s hand, from whom I firft
Receiv’d a being ! ’tis a prepoflerous gift.
An aft at which inverted nature ftarts,
And blufhes to behold herfelf fo cruel. Denham;
Such is the world’s prepoflerous fate;
Amongft all creatures, mortal hate
Love, though immortal, doth create. Denham:
By this diftribution of matter, continual provifion is every
where made for the fupply of bodies, quite contrary to the
prepoflerous reafonings of thofe men, who expefted fo different
a refult. Woodward's Nat Hijl.
The method I take may be cenfured as prepoflerous, becaufe J thus treat laft of the antediluvian earth, which wras
firft in order of nature. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
2. Applied to perfons: foolifh ; abfurd.
Prepoflerous afs ! that never read fo far
To know the caufe why muftek was ordain’d. Shakefp.
20 H Preposterously.
PRE
1'5rf.po'sterously. adv. [from prepojlerous.] In a wrong fituation ; abfurdly.
Thofe things do beft pleafe me,
That befal prepojl'roufy. Shakejp. Midf Night’s Dream.
Upon this fuppofition, one animal would have its lungs,
where another hath its liver, and all the other members prepojieroujly placed ; there could not be a like configuration of
parts in any two individuals. Bentley's Sermons.
Prepo'sterousness. n. j. [from prepojlerous.] Abfurdity ;
wrong order or method.
Pre'potency. n. J. [prapotentia, Lat.] Superior power;
predominance.
If there were a determinate prepotency in the right, and
fuch as arifeth from a conftant root in nature, we might ex¬
pert the fame in other animals* Brown.
Prepu'ce. n.f. [prepuce, Fr. preeputium, Lat.] That which
covers the glans; forefkin.
The prepuce was much inflamed and fwelled. JVifeman.
To Pre'require. v. a. [pres and require*] To demand previoufly.
Some primary literal fignification is prerequired to that other
of figurative. Hammond.
Prere'quisite. adj. [pra and requifite.] Something previoufly
neceflary.
The conformation of parts is neceflary, not only unto the
prerequifite and previous conditions of birth, but alfo unto the
parturition. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Before the exiftence of compounded body, there mull be a
pre-exiftence of adfive principles, neceffarily prerequifite to
the mixing thefe particles of bodies. Hale.
Prero'gative. n. f. [jprerogative, Fr. prarogativa, low Lat.]
An exclufive or peculiar privilege.
My daughters and the fair Parthenia might far better put
in their claim for that prerogative. Sidney.
Our prerogative
Calls not your counlels, but our natural goodnefs
Imparts this. Sbakefp.
How could communities,
The primogeniture, and due of birth,
Prerogative of age, feeptres, and crowns,
But by degree, ftand in autbentick place ? Shakefp.
The great Caliph hath an old prerogative in the choice and
confirmation of the kings of Affyria. Knolles.
They are the beft laws, by which the king hath the jufteft
prerogative, and the people the beft liberty. Bacon.
Had any of thefe lecond caufes defpoiled God of his pre¬
rogative, or had God himfelf conftrained the mind and will
of man to impious a£ts by any celeftial inforcements? Raleigh.
They obtained another royal prerogative and power, to
make war and peace at their pleafure. Davies.
The houfe of commons to thefe their prerogatives over the
lords, fent an order to the lieutenant of the tower, that he
fhould caufe him to be executed that very day. Clarendon.
For freedom ftill maintain’d alive,
Freedom an Englifh fubje&s’ foie prerogative,
Accept our pious praife. Dryclen.
All wifh the dire prerogative to kill,
Ev’n they wou’d have the pow’r, who want the will.
Dryclen.
It feems to be the prerogative of human underftanding,
when it has diftinguifhed any ideas, fo as to perceive them to
be different, to confider in what circumftances they are ca¬
pable to be compared. Locke.
I will not confider only theprerogatives of man above other
animals, but the endowments which nature hath conferred on
his body in common with them. R^y on the Creation.
Prero'gatived. adj. [from prerogative.’] Having an exclu¬
five privilege ; having prerogative.
’Tis the plague of great ones,
Prerogativ'd are they lefs than the bafe ;
’Tis deftiny unfhunable. Shakefp.
Pres. Pres,prejl, feem to be derived from the Saxon, ppeoyc, a
prieft ; it being ufual in after times to drop the letter o in like
cafes. Gibfon’s Camden.
PRESA'GE. n.f. [prefage, Fr. prafagium, Lat.] Prognoftick ;
prefenfion of futurity.
Joy and fhout prefage of vidfory. Milton.
Dreams have generally been confidered by authors only as
revelations of what has already happened, or as prefages of
what is to happen. Addifon.
To Presa'ge. v. a. [prefager, Fr. prafagio, Latin.]
i. To forebode; to foreknow; to foretell; to prophefy.
Henry’s late prefaging prophefy
Did glad my heart with hope. Shakefp. Henry VI.
What pow’r of mind
Forefeeing, or prefaging from the depth
Of knowledge paft or prefent, could have fear’d
How fuch united force of gods, how fuch
As flood like thefe, could ever know repulfe. Milton.
This contagion might have been prefaged upon confideration of its precurfors. Harvey on Confumptions.
Wilh’d freedom, I prefage you foon will find,
If heav’n be juft, and if to virtue kind. Dryden.
7
PRE
2. Sometimes with of before the thing foretold.
That by certain figns we may prejage
Of heats and rains, and wind’s impetuous rage,
The fov’reign of the hcav’ns has fet on high
rI he moon to mark the changes of the fky. Dryderi.
2. To foretoken ; to forefhow.
If I may truft the flattering ruth of fleep,
My dreams prefage fome joyful news at hand. Shakefp.
Dreams advife fome great good prefaging. Milton.
That cloud, that hangs upon thy brow, prefages
A greater ftorm than all the Turkifh power
Can throw upon us. Denham s Sophy.
When others fell, this {landing did prefage
The crown fhou’d triumph over pop’lar rage. JValler.
Presa'gement. n.f. [horn prefage.]
1. Forebodement ; prefenfion.
I have fpent much enquiry, w'hether he had any ominous
prefagement before his end. JVotton.
2. Foretoken.
The falling of fait is an autbentick prefagement of ill luck,
from whence nothwithftanding nothing can be naturally
feared. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
PRE'SBYTER. n.f. [prefbyter, Lat. 7r££<rj3vT££©->.]
1. A prieft.
Prejbyters abfent through infirmity from their churches,
might be faid to preach by thofe deputies who in their ftead
did but read homilies. Elooker, b. v.J. 20.
2. A prefbyterian.
And prejbyters have their jackpuddings too. Butler.
Presbyte'rian. aelj. [Tr^a-puT^^.] Conlifting of elders;
a term for a modern form of ecciefiaftical government.
Chiefly was urged the abolition of epifcopal, and the eftablifhing of prefbyterian government. King Charles.
Presbyterian, n.f. [from prefbyter.] An abettor of prefbytery or calviniftical dilcipline.
One of the more rigid prefbyterians. Swift.
Preseyte'ry. n.f. [from prefbyter.] Body of elders, whether
priefts or laymen.
T hofe which flood for the prefbytery, thought their caufe
had more fympathy with the difcipline of Scotland than the
hierarchy of England. Bacon.
Flea-bitten fynod, an affembly brew’d
Of clerks and elders ana, like the rude
Chaos of prefbyt'ry, where laymen guide
With the tame woolpack clergy by their fide. Cleaveland.
Prescience, n.f [prejcience, Fv. fromprejeient.] Foreknow¬
ledge ; knowledge of future things.
They tax our policy, and call it cowardice,
Foreftall our prejcience, and efteem no act
But that of hand. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
Prejcience or foreknowledge, confidered in order and nature,
if we mayfpeakof God after the manner of men, goeth be¬
fore providence ; for God foreknew all things before he had
created them, or before they had being to be cared for; and
prejcience is no other than an infallible foreknowledge. Ral.
If certain prejcience of uncertain events imply a contra¬
diction, it feems it may be ftruck out of the omnifciency of
God, and leave no blemifh behind. More.
Of things of the moft accidental and mutable nature, God’s
prefcience is certain. South.
Freedom was firft beftow’d on human race.
And prejcience only held the fecond place. Dryden.
PRE'SCIENT. adj. [puefeiens, Lat.] Foreknowing; prophetick.
Henry, upon the deliberation concerning the marriage of
his eldeft daughter into Scotland, had fhewed himfelf fenfible
and almoft prej'cient of this event. Bacon.
W ho taught the nations of the field and wood ?
Prefcient, the tides or tempefts to withftand. Pope.
Pre'scious. adj. [preefeius, Lat.] Having foreknowledge.
Thrice happy thou, dear partner of my bed,
Whofe holy foul the ftroke of fortune fled ;
Prefcious of ills, and leaving me behind.
To drink the dregs of life. Dryden's /.Eneis.
To Presci'nd. v. a. [preeJ'cindo,hat.] To cut oft'; to abftradf.
A bare aeft of obliquity does not only prefeind from, but
pofitively deny fuch a fpecial dependence. Noimis.
Presci'ndent. adj. [preefeindens, Lat.] Abftradting.
We may, for one Angle aiff, abftraCt from a reward, which
nobody, who knows the prefeindent faculties of the foul, can
deny. Cheyne's Pbilofophical Principles.
To PRESCRIBE, v, a. [praferibo, Lat.]
I. To fet down authoritatively ; to order; to direCb
Doth the ftrength of fome negative arguments prove this
kind of negative argument ftrong, by force whereof all things
are denied, which fcripture affirmeth not, or all things, which
feripture prefenbeth not, condemned. Hooker.
To the blanc moon her office they preferib'd. Milton.
There’s joy, when to wild will you laws preferibe.
When you bid fortune carry back her bribe. Dryden,
When parents loves are order’d by a fon,
Let {beams prej'eribe their fountains where to run. Dryden.
2. To Jiredb
J
PRE
2.To direft medically. , . . ,
The end of fatire is the amendment of vices by correction ;
and he who writes honeftly is no more an enemy to the of¬
fender than the phyfician to the patient, when he prefcribes
harfh remedies. A . . Dryden.
The extrehreft ways they firit ordain,
’Prescribing fuch intolerable pain,
As none but Crefar could fuftain. Dryden, _
By a fhort account of the preffing obligations which lie oil
the inagiftrate, I (hall not fo much preferibe directions for the
future, as praife what is paft. Atterlury.
Should any man argue, that a phyfician underftands his
own art beft; and therefore, although he flioiild preferibe poifoii
to all his patients, he cannot be juftly punifhed, but is anfwerable only to God. Swift.
To Prkscri'be. v. n.
1. To influence by long cuftom.
A referve of puerility we have not fhaken off from fchool,
where being feafoned with minor fentences, they preferibe
upon our riper years, and never are worn out but with our
memories. Broum's Vulgar Errours.
2. To influence arbitrarily.
The alTuming an authority of dilating to others, and a
forwardnefs to preferibe to their opinions, is a conftant con¬
comitant of thisbiafsof our judgments. Locke.
3. [ Preferire, Fr.] To form a cullom which has the force of law.
That obligation upon the lands did not preferibe or come
into difufe, but by fifty confecutive years of exemption. A'rb.
4. To write medical directions and forms of medicine.
Modern ’pdthecaries, taught the art
Bv doctor’s bills to play the doctor’s part.
Bold in the practice of miftaken rules,
Preferibe, apply, and call their matters fools. Pope.
Pre'script. adj. [praferiptus, Lat.J DireCted; accurately
laid down in a precept.
Thofe very laws fo added, they themfelves do not judge
unlawful; as they plainly confefs both in matter of prefeript
attire, and of rites appertaining to burial. Hooker.
Pre'script. n.f. [prafriptum, Lat.J Direction ; precept;
model prelcribed. ,
By his prefeript, a fanCtuary is fram’d
Of cedar, overlaid with gold. Milton.
Prescription, n.f. [prefeription, Fr. preefriptio, Lat. from
prczjcribo, Lat.J
1. Rules produced and authorifed by long cuftora ; cuftom con¬
tinued till it has the force of law.
You tell a pedigree
Of tbreefcore and two years, a filly time
To make prefeription for a kingdom’s worth. Shakefp.
Ufe fuch as have prevailed before in things you have em¬
ployed them ; for that breeds confidence, and they will drive
to maintain their prefeription. Bacon's EJfays.
It will be found a work of no fmall difficulty, to difpoifefs
a vice from that heart, where long polfeffion begins to plead
prefeription. South's Sermons.
Our poet bade us hope this grace to find.
To whom by long prefeription you are kind. Dryden.
The Lucquefe plead prefeription, for hunting in one of the
duke’s forefts, that lies upon their frontiers. Acldijon.
2. Medical receipt.
My father left me fome preferiptions
Of rare and prov’d effeCts ; fuch as his reading
And manifeft experience had collected
For general fov’reignty. Shakefp.
Approving of my obftinacy againft all common prejeriptions, he afked me, whether I had never heard the Indian
way of curing the gout by moxa. Temple.
Pre'seance. n.f. [prefeance, Fr.J Priority of place in fitting.
The ghefts, though rude in their other fafhions, may, for
their difereet judgment in precedence and prefeance, read a
leflon to our civileft gentry. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Pr ESENCE. n.f. [prejence, Fr. prafentia, Lat.J
1. State of being prefent; contrary to abfence.
To-night we hold a folemn fupper,
And I’ll requeft your prefence. Shakefp.
The prejence of a king engenders love
Amongft his fubjeCts and his loyal friends,
As it difanimates his enemies. Shakefp. H;nry VI.
2. Approach face to face to a great perfonage.
The fhepherd Dorus anfwered with fuch a trembling voice
and abafhed countenance, and oftentimes fo far from the
hiatter, that it was fome (port to the young ladies, thinking
it want of education, which made him fo difcountenanced
with unwonted prefnee. Sidney, b. i.
Men that very prefnee fear,
Which once they knew authority did bear ! Daniel.
3. State of being in the view of a luperior.
Thou know’lt the law of arms is fuch, ^ ^
That, whofo draws a fword in th'prejence t s death. Sha.
1 know not by what power I am made bold,
In fuch a prefnee here, to plead my thoughts. Shakefp.
Wifdom thy lifter, and with her did ft play
In prejence of th’ Almighty. Milton.
Perhaps I have not fo well ccfnfulted the repute of my inPRE
telle&uals, in bringing their imperfections into fuch difeerning prefences. Clanvitl's ScepJ.
Since clinging cafes and trains of inbred fears,
Not aw’d by arms, but in the prefnee bold.
Without refpeCt to purple or to gold. Dryden.
4. A number aflembled before a great perfon.
Look I fo pale.
—Ay ; and no man in the prefence.
But his red colour hath forfook his cheeks. Shakefp.
Odmar, of all this prefence does contain,
Give her your wreath whom you efteem moft fair. Dryden.
5. Port; air; mien; demeanour.
Virtue is beft in a body that is comely, and that hath ra¬
ther dignity of prefnee, than beauty of afpeCl. Bacon.
A graceful prejence befpeaks acceptance, gives a force to
language, and helps to convince by look and pofture. Collier.
Plow great his prefnee, how ereCt his look.
How ev’ry grace, how all his virtuous mother
Shines in his face, and charms me from his eyes. Smith „
6. Room in which a prince (hows himfelf to his court.
By them they pafs, all gazing on them round.
And to th0 prejence mount, whofe glorious view
Their frail amazed fenfes did confound. Fairy S^ueen.
An’t pleafe your grace, the two great cardinals
Wait in the prefnee. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The lady Anne of Bretagne, paffing through the prefnee
in the court of France, and efpying Chartier, a famous poet,
leaning upon his elbow faft afleep, openly killing him, faid,
we muft honour with our kifs, the mouth from whence fo
many fweet verfes have proceeded. Peacham.
7. Readinefs at need ; quicknefs at expedients.
A good bodily ftrength is a felicity of nature, but nothing
comparable to a large underftanding and ready prefenee of
mind. L'Efrange.
Errors, not to be recall’d, do find
Their beft redrefs from prejence of the mind,
Courage our greateft failings does fupply. Waller.
8. The perfon of a fuperior.
To her the fov'ieign prefnee thus reply’d. Milton.
Presence-chamber. 1 n. f. [prefnee and chamber or room.~\
Presence-room. j The room in which a great perfon
receives company.
If thefe nerves, which are the conduits to convey them'
from without to their audience in the brain, the mind’s prefnee-room, are fo difordered, as not to perform their functions,
they have no poftern to be admitted by. Locke.
Kneller, with filence and furprife.
We fee Britannia’s monarch rife.
And aw’d by thy deluftve hand,
As in the prefence-chamber ftand. Addifon.
Prese'nsion. n.f. [preefenfo, Lat.J Perception beforehand.
The hedgehog’s prejenfon of winds is exaCt. Brown.
PRE'SENT. adj. [prefent, Fr. pr&fens, Lat.J
1. Not abfent; being face to face ; being at hand.
But neither of thefe are any impediment; becaufe the re¬
gent thereof is of an infinite immenfity more than commeilfurate to the extent of the world, and fuch as is moft inti¬
mately prefent with all the beings of the world. Hale.
Be not often prefent at feafts, not at all in diftolute com¬
pany ; pleafing objects fteal away the heart. Taylor.
Much I have heard
Incredible to me, in this difpleas’d.
That I was neverprefent on the place
Of thofe encounters. Milton's Agonifes.
2. Not paft ; not future.
Thou future things can’ft reprefent
As prefent. Milton.
The moments paft, if thou art wife, retrieve
With pleafant mem’ry of the blifs they gave;
The prefent hours in pleafant mirth employ.
And bribe the future with the hopes of joy. Prior»
The prefent age hath not been lefs inquifitive than the
former ages were. Woodward's Nat. Hiji.
3. Ready at hand ; quick in emergencies.
If a man write little, he had need have a great memory ;
if he confer little, he had need have a prefent wit; and if he
read little, ’he had need have much cunning. Bacon.
’Tis a high point of philofophy and virtue for a man to be
fo prefent to himfelf, as to be always provided againft all
accidents. E' Efrange.
4. Favourably attentive ; not negleCtful; propitious.
Be prefent to her now, as then.
And let not proud and factious men
Againft your wills oppofe their mights. Benj. Johnfon„
The golden goddefs, prefent at the pray’r,
Well knew he meant th’ inanimated fair,
And gave the fign of granting his defire. Dryden.
Nor could I hope in any place but there,
To find a god fo prefent to my pray’r. Dryden.
5. Unforgotten ; not negleCtful.
The ample mind keeps the Lveral objeCts all within fight,
and prejent to the foul. Watts,
6. Not abftraCted; not ablent of mind; attentive]
The
P R E P R E
he Present• An elliptical expreffion for the prefent time;
the time now exifting.
When he faw defeend
The fon of God to judge them, terrify’d
He fled ; not hoping to efcape, but fhun
The prefent ; fearing guilty, what his wrath
Might fudderily inflid. Milton.
Men that fet their hearts only upon the prefent, without
looking forward into the end of things are ftruck; at. L’Ejlr.
Who, fi'nce their own fnort underftandings reach
No further than the prefent, think ev’n the wife,
Speak what they think, and tell tales of themfclves. Rowe.
At Present, [a prefent, ¥r.J At the prefent time; now;
elliptically, for the prefent time.
The ftate is at prejent very fenfible of the decay in their
trade. Addijon.
Prf/'sent. n.f [prefent, Fr. from the verb.]
1. A gift; a donative ; fomething ceremonioufly givem
Plain Clarence !
I will fend thy foul to heav’n,
If heaven will take the prefent at out hands. Shakefp.
His dog to-morrow, by his mafter’s command, he muft
carry for a prejent to his lady. Shakefp.
He fent part of the rich fpoil, with the admiral’s enfign, as
a prefent unto Solymari. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
Say heav’nly mule, fhall not thy facred vein
Afford a prefent to the infant God ?
Haft thou no verfe, no hymn, no folemn ftrain,
To welcome him to this his new abode ? Milton.
They that are to love inclin’d,
Sway’d by chance, not choice or art
To the firft that’s fair or kind,
Make a prefent of their heart. Waller.
Somewhat is lure defign’d by fraud or forc-e;
Truft not their prefentr, nor admit the horfe. Dryden.
2. A letter or mandate exhibited.
Be it known to all men by thefe prefents. Shakefp.
To PreseNt. v. a. [presfento, low Lat. prefenter, Fr. in all
the fenles.]
1. To place in the prefence of a fuperior.
On to the facred hill
They led him high applauded, and prefent
Before the feat fupreme. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
2. To exhibit to view or notice.
He knows not what he fays; and vain is it.
That we prejent us to him. Shakejp. King Lear.
3. To offer ; to exhibit.
,Thou therefore now advife.
Or hear what to my mind firft thoughts prefent. Milton.
Now ev’ry leaf, and ev’ry moving breath
Prefents a foe, and ev’ry foe a death. Denham.
Ledorides’s memory is ever ready to offer to his mind
fomething out of other men’s writings or converfations, and
is prefenting him with the thoughts of other perlons perpe¬
tually, Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
4. To give formally and ceremonioufly.
Folks in mudwall tenement,
Affording pepper-corn for rent,
Prefent a turkey or a hen
To thofe might better fpare them ten. Prior.
5. To put into the hands of another.
So ladies in romance aflift their knight,
Prefent the fpear, and arm him for the fight. Dryden.
6. To favour with gifts. To prefent, in the fenfe of to give,
has feveral ftrudures : we fay abfolutely, to prefent a man, to
give fomething to him. 1 his is lefs in ufe. The common
phrafes are to prefent a gift to a man ; or, to prefent the man
with a gift.
Thou fpendeft thy time in waiting upon fuch a great one,
and thy eftate in prefenting him ; and, after all, haft no other
reward, but fometimes to be fmiled upon, and always to be
fmiled at. South's Sermons.
He now prefents, as ancient ladies do,
That courted long, at length are forc’d to woo. Dryden.
Odavia prejented the poet, for his admirable elegy on her
fon Marcellus. Dryden.
Should I prefent thee with rare figur’d plate,
O how thy rifing heart would throb and beat. Dryden.
7. To prefer to eccleliaftical benefices.
That he put thefe bifhops in the places of the deceafed by
his own authority, is notorioufly falfe; for the duke of Saxony
always prejented. Atterbury.
8. I o offer openly.
He was appointed admiral, and prefented battle to the
French navy, which they refilled. Hayruard.
9. To introduce by fomething exhibited to the view or notice.
Not in ufe.
Tell on, quoth fhe, the woful tragedy,
The which thefe reliques fad prejent unto. Spcnfer.
10. To lay before a couit of judicature, as an objed of en¬
quiry.
The grand Ju ies were pra£ ifed effedually with to prefent
the fa d pamphlet, with all aggravating epithets. Swift.
PresentaNeous. adj. [from prmfentaneus, Lat.] Readv;
quick ; immediate.
Some plagues partake of fuch malignity, that, like a pofentaneous poifon, they enecate in two hours. Harvey.
Presentable, adj. [from prejent.] What may be prefented.
Incumbents of churches prejcntable cannot, by their foie
ad, grant their incumbencies to others; but may make
leales of the profits thereof. Ayliffe's Parergon.
PrEsenTa'tiun. n.f. [prefentation, Fr. from prejent.]
1. The ad of prefenting^
Prayers are fometimes a prefentation of mere defires, as a
mean of procuring defired eftedts at the hands of God. Hooken
2. The ad of offering anyone to an eccleiialtical benefice.
He made effedual provifion for recovery of advowfons and
prefentations to churches. Hale.
What, fhall the curate controul me ? have not I the pre¬
fentation ? Gay.
3. Exhibition.
Thefe prefentations of fighting on the ftage, are neceffary
to produce the efteds of an heroick play. Dryden.
4. This word is mifprinted for prc^nfion.
Although in fundry animals, we deny not a kind of natural
meteorology, or innate prefentation both of wind and weather,
yet that proceeding from ienfe, they cannot retain that apprehenfion after death. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Presf/ntative. adj. [from prefent.] Such as that prefentations may be made of it.
Mrs. Gulfton poffeffed of the impropriate parfonage ofBan -
well, did procure from the king leave to annex the fame t©
the vicarage, and to make it prejentative, and gave them both
to St. John’s College in Oxon. Spelman.
Prese'ntee. n.f. [from prefente, Fr.] One prefented to a
benefice.
Our Jaws make the ordinary a difturber, if he does not
give inftitution upon the fitnefs of a perfon prefented to him,
or at leaft give notice to the patron of the difability of his
prejentee. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Presenter, n.f. [from prefent.] One that prefents.
The thing was acceptable, but not theprej'enier. L'Eflr.
PrESe'ntial. adj. [from prejent.] Suppofing adual prefence.
By union, I do not underhand that which is local or prefential, becaufe I conlider God as omniprefent. Norris.
Presentia'lity. n. J. [from prejential.] State of being
prefent.
This eternal, indivifible ad of his exiftence makes all
futures adually prefent to him ; and it is the prefentiality of
the objed, which founds the unerring certainty of his know¬
ledge. South’s Sermons.
To PriseNtiate. v. a. [from prefent.] To make preient.
The fancy may be fo ftrong, as to prejentiate upon one
theatre, all that ever it took notice of in times paft : the
power of fancy, \n prefentiating any one thing that is paft,
being no lefs wonderful, than having that power, it fliould
alfo acquire the perfedion to prejentiate them all. Grew.
Presenti fick. adj. [pmfens and facio, Latin.] Making
prefent. Not in ufe.
Presenti'fickly. adv. [from prefentifok.] In fuch a manner,
as to make prelent.
The whole evolution of times and ages, from everlafting t«
everlafting, is collededly and prejentifickly reprefented to God
at once, as if all things and adions were, at this very inftant,
really prefent and exiftent before him. More.
Presently, adv. [from prefent.]
1. At prefent; at this time; now.
The towns and forts you prefently have, are ftill left unto
you to be kept either with or without garrifons, fo as you
alter not the laws of the country. Sidney.
I hope we may prefume, that a rare thing it is not in the
church of God, even for that very word which is read to be
prefently their joy, and afterwards their ftudy that hear it.
Hooker, b. v. J. 2.
Tofpeakof it as requireth, would require very long'difcourfe ; all I will prejently fay is this. Hooker, b. i. f. 10.
Covetous ambition, thinking all too little which prejently
it hath, luppofeth itlelf to ftand in need of all which it hath
Raleigh's Efjays.
2. Immediately ; foon after.
Tell him, that no hiftory can match his policies, and pre¬
fently the fot fhall meafure himfelf by himlelf. South.
Presentment, n.f. [from prefent.]
1. The ad of prefenting.
When comes your book forth ?
Upon the heels of my prejentment. Shakefp.
2. Any thing prefented or exhibited ; reprefentation.
* Thus I hurl
My dazzling fpc-lls into the fpungy air.
Of power to cheat the eye with blear illufion,
And give it falfe frejentments, left the place
And my quaint habits breed aftonifhment. Allton.
3. In law, prejentment is a mere denunciation of the jurors chemfelves or l'ome other officer, asjultice, conltable, iearcher, lurveyors, and, without any information, of an offence inquirable in the court to which it is prefented. Cowel.
The
P R E P R E
The wrand juries were pra&ifed effectually with, to prcfent
the faid pamphlet with all aggravating epithets, and thcii picjentments publifhed for feveral weeks in all the news-papers.
J Swift to Pope.
Pre'sentness. n.f. [fromprefent.'] Prefence of mind 3 quicknefs at emergencies.
Gorin" had a much better underitanding, a much keener
courage,°and prefentnefs of mind in danger. Clarendon,
Preservation, n.f. [frompreferve.'] The a£t of prefervino-; care to preferve 3 a£t of keeping from deftru&ion, decay, or any ill.
J Nature does require
Her times of prefervation, which, perforce,
I give my tendance to. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The eyes of the Lord are upon them that love him, he is
their mighty protection, a prefervation from Humbling, and
a help from falling. Eccluf xxxiv. 16.
Ev’ry fenfelefs thing, by nature’s light,
Doth prefervation feek, deftruCtion fhun. Davies.
Our allwife maker has put into man the uneafinefs of hun¬
ger, thirft, and other natural defires, to determine their wills
for the prefervation of themfelves, and the continuation of
their fpecies. Locke.
Preservative, n.f. [prefervatif Fr. from preferve.] That
which has the power of preferving3 fomething preventive 3
fomething that confers fecurity.
If we think that the church needeth not thofe ancient prefervatives, which ages before us were glad to ufe, we de¬
ceive ourfelves. Hooker,
It hath been anciently in ufe to wear tablets of arfenick,
as prefervatives againft the plague3 for that being poifons
themfelves, they draw the venom to them from the fpirits.
Bacon s Nat. Hif.
Were there truth herein, it were the beft prefervative for
princes, and perfons exalted unto fuch fears. Brown.
Bodies kept clean, which ufe prefervatives, are likely to
efcape infection. Harvey.
The moft effectual prefervative of our virtue, is to avoid
tire converfation of wicked men. Rogers.
Molly is an Egyptian plant, and was really made ufe of
as a prefervative againft enchantment. Broome's Notes on Odyf.
To PRESE'RVE. v. a. [preefervo, low Latin 3 preferver, Fr.]
j. To fave 3 to defend from deftruCtion or any evil 3 to keep.
The Lord fhall deliver me from every evil work, and pre¬
ferve me unto his heavenly kingdom. 2 Tim. iv. 18.
God fent me to preferve you a pofterity, and fave your
lives. Gen. xlv. 7.
She fhall lead me foberly in my doings, and preferve me in
her power. JVifdom ix. 1 r.
He did too frequently gratify their unjuftifiable defigns, a
guilt all men, who are obnoxious, are liable to, and can
hardly preferve themfelves from. Clarendon.
We can preferve unhurt our minds. Milton.
To be indifferent, which of two opinions is true, is the
right temper of the mind, that preferves it from being im¬
posed on, till it has done its beft to find the truth. Locke.
Every pettv prince in Germany muft be intreated to pre¬
ferve the queen of Great Britain upon her throne. Swift.
2. To feafon fruits and other vegetables with fugar and in other
proper pickles : as, to preferve plumbs, walnuts, and cucumbers.
Prese'rve. n.f. [from the verb.] Fruit preferred whole in
lugar.
All this is eafily difeerned in thofe fruits, which are
brought in preferves unto us. Brown.
The fruit with the hufk, when tender and young, makes
a good preferve. Mortimer.
PreseRver. n.f. [from preferve.]
1. One who preferves3 one who keeps from ruin or mifehief.
Sit, my preferver, by thy patient’s fide. Shakefp.
To be always thinking, perhaps, io the privilege of the
infinite author and preferver of things, who never {lumbers
nor fleeps 3 but is not competent to any finite being. Locke.
Andrew Doria has a ftatue ereCted to him, with the glo¬
rious title of deliverer of the commonwealth 3 and one of his
family another, that calls him its, preferver. Addifon.
2. He who makes preferves of fruit.
To Preside, v.n. [fromprafdea, Lat. prefder, Fr.] To
be fet over3 to have authority over.
Some o’er the publick magazines prefide,
And fome are fent new forage to provide. Dryden.
O’er the plans
Of thriving peace, thy thoughtful fires prefide. Thomfon.
Presidency, n.f. [preftdcnce, hr. fromprefident.] Superin¬
tendence.
What account can be given of the growch of plants from
mechanical principles, moved without the prefidency and gui¬
dance of fome fuperior agent. Rayon the Creation.
President, n.f. [prafdens, Lat. prefident, hr.]
j. One placed with authority over others 3 one at the head of
others.
As the prefident of my kingdom, will I
Appear there for a man. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
The tutor fits in the chair as prefident or moderator, to fee
that the rules of deputation be oblerved. Watts,
2i Governour; prefeCt.
How mi»ht thofe captive Ifraelites, under the overflight and
government of Afiyrian prefdents, be able to leave the
places they were to inhabit. Breerewood on Languages.
3.A tutelary power.
This laft complaint th’ indulgent ears did pierce
Of juft Apollo, prefident of verfe. Waller.
Presidentship, n.f. [from prefdent.] The office and place
of prefident.
When things came to trial of praCtice, their paftors learn¬
ing would be at all times offorce to overperluade fimple men,
who, knowing the time of their own prefdentjhip to be but
ffiort, would always ftand in fear of their minifters perpetual
authority. Hooker s Preface.
Presi'dial. adj. £prafidium, Lat.] Relating to a garrifon.
To PRESS, v. a. [prefer, Fr. premo, prefus, Lat.]
1. To fqueeze 3 to crufh.
The grapes I prefed into Pharaoh’s cup. Gen. xl. 1 r.
Good meafure prefed down, fhaken together, and running
over, fhall men give into your bofom. Luke vi. 38.
From fweet kernels preys'd.
She tempers dulcet creams. Milton.
I put pledgets of lint preffed out on the excoriation. JVifem.
Their morning milk the peafants prefs at night,
Their evening milk before the rifing light. Dryden.
After prefing out of the colefeed for oil in Lincolnfhire,
they burn the cakes to heat their ovens. Mortimer.
2. To diftrefs 3 to crufh with calamities.
Once or twice fhe heav’d the name of father
Pantingly forth, as if it pref her heart. Shakefp.
3. To conftrain 5 to compel 3 to urge by neceffity.
The experience of his goodnefs in her own deliverance,
might caufe her merciful difpofition to take fo much the more
delight in faving others, whom the like neceffity fhould
prefs. Hooker.
The pofts that rode upon mules and camels, went out,
being haftened and prefed on by the king’s commands. Efher.
I was pref by his majefty’s commands, to affift at the
treaty. Temple's Mifcel.
He gapes 5 and ftraight
With hunger pref, devours the pleafing bait. Dryden.
He prefed a letter upon me, within this hour, to deliver
to you. Dryden s Spanijh Fryar.
4. To drive by violence.
Come with words as medical as true,
Ploneft as either, to purge him of that humour
That prefes him from fleep. Shakefp.
5. To affeCl ftrongly.
Paul was prefed in fpirit, and teftified to the Jews that
Jefus was Chrift. * Acts xviii. <j.
Wickedneis condemned by her own witnefs, and prefed
with confcience, forecafteth grievous things. Wifdom xvii. 11.
6. To enforce ; to inculcate with argument or importunity.
Be fure to prefs upon him every motive. Addifon.
I am the more bold to prefs it upon you, becaufle t’nele accomplifhments fit more handfomely on perfons of quality,
than any other. : Felton on the Clafcks.
Thofe who negotiated, took care to make demands impoffible to be complied with; and therefore might fecurely
prefs every article, as if they were in earneft. Swift.
7. 'Fo urge 3 to bear ftrongly on.
Chymifts I may prefs with arguments, drawn from fome of
the eminenteft writers of their feCt. Boyle.
8. To comprefs3 to hug, as in embracing.
He prefs'd her matron lips
With kiffes pure. Milton.
She took her fon, and prefs'd
Th’ illuftrious infant to her fragrant breaft. Dryden.
His eafy heart receiv’d the guilty flame.
And from that time he pref her with his paffion. Smith.
Leucothoe fhook,
And prefs'd Palemon clofer in her arms. Pope,
9. To aCt upon with weight.
The place thou preffef on thy mother earth,
Is all thy empire now : now it contains thee. ’ Dryden.
10. To make earneft. Pref is here perhaps rather an adjeCtive ;
prefe, Fr. or from prefse or emprefsi, Fr.
Let them be preffed, and ready to give fuccours to their
confederates, as it ever was with the Romans 3 for if the
confederate had leagues defenfive with divers other ftates, and
implored their aids, the Romans would ever be the formoft.
Bacon's EJfays.
Pref for their country’s honour and their king’s,
On their ftiarp beaks they whet their pointed ftings. Dryd.
11. To force into military fervice. This is properly imprefs.
Do but fay to me what I fhould do.
That in your knowledge may by me be done,
And I am pref into it. Shakefp.
For every man that Bolingbroke hath prefs'd
To lift ftiarp fteel againft our golden crown,
Heav’n for his Richard hath in ftore
A glorious angel. Shakefp. Richard IL
b rom London by the king was I pref forth. Soakefp.
20 I They
PRE .
They are enforced of very neceflity to prefs the beft and
greateft part of their men out of the Weft countries, which
is no fmall charge. Raleigh.
The endeavour to raife new men for the recruit of the army
by prejjing, found oppoiition in many places. Clarendon,
The peaceful peafant to the wars is pref.
The fields lie fallow in inglorious reft. Dryden.
Muft grandfon Filbert to the wars be prejl. Gay.
You weie prejfed for the fea-fervice, and got off with much
a-do. Swift.
To Press, v. n.
2.To ad with compulfive violence ; to urge ; to diftrefs.
If there be fair proofs on the one fide, and none at all on
the other, and if the moft prejjing difficulties be on that fide,
on which there are no proofs, this is fufficient to render one
opinion very credible, and the other altogether incredible.
Tillotfon’s Sermons.
A great many uneafineffes always folliciting the will, it is
natural, that the greateft and moft prejjing fhould determine
it to the next adion. Locke.
2. To go forward with violence to any objed.
I make bold to prefs
With fo little preparation.
—You’re welcome. Shakefp>
I prefs toward the mark for the prize. Phil. iii. 14.
The Turks gave a great fliout, and prefed in on all fides,
to have entered the breach. Knolles.
Thronging crowds prefs on you as you pals.
And with their eager joy make triumph flow. Dryden.
Th’ infulting vidor preffes on the more,
And treads the fteps the vanquifh’d trod before. Dryden„
She is always drawn in a pofture of walking, it being as
natural for Hope to prefs forward to her proper objeds, as for
Fear to fly from them. AddiJ'on on Ancient Medals.
Let us not therefore faint, or be weary in our journey,
much lefs turn back or fit down in defpair ; but prefs chearfully forward to the high mark of our calling. Rogers.
3. To make invafion ; to encroach.
On fuperior powers
Were we to prej's, inferior might on ours. Pope.
4. To croud ; to throng.
For he had healed many, infomuch that they prejfed upon
him for to touch him. Mar. iii. 10.
Counfel fhe may ; and I will give thy ear
The knowledge firft of what is fit to hear:
What I tranfad with others or alone,
Beware to learn ; nor prefs too near the throne. Dryden.
5. To come unfeafonably or importunately.
6. To urge with vehemence and importunity.
He prejfed upon them greatly ; and they turned in. Gen.
The lefs blood he drew, the more he took of treafure;
and, as fome conftrued it, he was the more fparing in the one,
that he might be the more preffmg in the other. Bacon.
So thick the fhiv’ring army ftands,
And prefs for paffage with extended hands. Dryden.
j. To ad upon or influence.
When arguments prefs equally in matters indifferent, the
fafeft method is to give up ourfelves to neither. Addifon.
8. To Press upon. To invade; to pufh againft.
Patroclus preffes upon Hedor too boldly, and by obliging
him to fight, difcovers it was not the true Achilles. Pope.
Press, n.f [prejjoir, Fr. from the verb.]
1. The inftrument by which any thing is crufhed or fqueezed.
The prefs is full, the fats overflow. Joeliii. 13.
When one came to the prefs fats to draw out fifty veffels
out of the prefs, there were but twenty. Mag. ii. 16.
The ftomach and inteftines are the prefs, and the ladteal
veffels the ftrainers, to feparate the pure emulfion from the
fieces. Arbuthnot.
They kept their cloaths, when they were not worn, conftantly in a prefs, to give them a luftre. Arbuthnot.
2. The inftrument by which books are printed.
Thefe letters are of the fecond edition; he will print them
out of doubt, for he cares not what he puts into the prefs,
when he would put us two in. Shakefp.
3. Croud ; tumult; throng.
Paul and Barnabas, when infidels admiring their virtues,
went about to facrifice unto them, rent their garments in token
of horror, and as frighted, ran crying through the prefs of
the people, O men wherefore do ye thefe things. Hooker.
She held a great gold chain ylinked well,
Whofe upper end to higheft heaven was knit.
And lower part did reach to loweft hell,
And all that prej's did round about her fwell,
1 o catchen hold of that long chain. Fairy JJueen.
Vv ho is it in the prefs that calls on me ?
I hear a tongue, fhriller than all the mufick,
Cr& ^lar.. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
Death having prey’d upon the outward parts,
Leaves them infenfible; his fiege is now
Againft the mind ; the which he pricks and wounds
With many legions of ftrange fanufies $
PRE
Which in their throng, and prefs to that laft hold,
Confound themfelves. Shakefp. King Lear.
Ambitious Turnus in the prefs appears.
And aggravating crimes augment their fears. Dryden.
A new exprefs all Agra does affright,
Darah and Aurengzebe are join’d in fight;
1 he prefs of people thickens to the court,
Th impatient croud devouring the report. Dryden.
Through the prefs enrag’d Thaleftris flies,
And fcatters deaths around from both her eyes. Pope.
4. A kind of wooden cafe or frame for cloaths and other ufes.
Creep^ into the kill hole.—Neither prefs, coffer, cheft,
trunk ; but he hath an abftrad for the remembrance of fuch
places. Shakefp. Merry JVives of IVindfor.
5. A commiflion to force men into military fervice. Forimprefs.
If I be not afhamed of my foldiers, I am a fowc’d gurnet;
I have mifus’d the king’s prefs damnably. Shakefp.
Concerning the mufters and prejfes for fufficient mariners to
ferve in his majefty’s fhips, either the care is very'little, or
the bribery very great. Raleigh.
Pre'ssbed. n.J. [prefs and bed.] Bed fo formed, as to be fhut
up in a cafe.
Pre sser. n.f. [fromjrefs.] One thatprefies or works at a prefs.
"Uf the fluffs I give the profits to dyers and prejfers. Swift.
Pre'ssgang. n.f. [prefs and gang.] A crew that ltrols about
the ftreets to force men into naval fervice.
Pr e'ssingly. adv. [from preffng.] With force j clofely.
I he one contracts his words, fpeaking preffmgly and fhort;
the other delights in long-breathed accents. Howel.
Pre'ssion. n.J. [from prefsJ The ad of prefling.
If light conlifted only in prejjion, propagated without adual
motion, it would not be able to agitate and heat the bodies,
which refrad and refled it: if it confifted in motion, propa¬
gated to all diftances in an inftant, it would require an infinite
force every moment, in every finning particle, to generate
that motion : and if it confifted in prejjion or motion, propa¬
gated either in an inftant or in time, it would bend into the
lhadow. Newton’s Opticks.
Pre'ssitant. adj. Gravitating; heavy. A word not in ufe.
Neither the celeftial matter of the vortices, nor the air,
nor water arepreJJitant in their proper places. More.
Pre'ssman. n.f. [prefs and man.]
1. One who forceo another into fervice; one who forces away.
One only path to all; by which the prejfnen came. Chaps.
2. One who makes the impreflion of print by the prefs : diftinct from the compofitor, who ranges the types.
Pre'ssmoney. n.f. [prejs and money.] Money given to a foldier when he is taken or forced into the fervice.
Here Peafcod, take my pouch, ’tis all I own,
’Tis my prefmoney.-—Can this filver fail l Gay.
Pre'ssure. n.f. [from prefs.]
1. The ad of prefling or crufhing.
2. The ftate of being preffed or crufhed.
3. Force ading againft any thing; gravitation; preflion.
1 he inequality of the prejfure of parts appeareth in this ;
that if you take a body of ftone, and another of wood of the
fame magnitude and fhape, and throw them with equal force,
you cannot throw the wood fo far as the ftone. Bacon.
Although the glaffes were a little convex, yet this tranfparentfpot was of a confiderable breadth, which breadth feemed
principally to proceed from the yielding inwards of the parts
of the glaffes, by reafon of their mutual pref'ure. Nezvton.
The blood flows through the veffels by the excefs of the
force of the heart above the incumbent prejjiire, whjch in fat
people is exceflive. Arbuthnot.
4. Violence inflided ; oppreftion.
A wife father ingenuoufly confeffed, that thofe, which perfuaded prejfure of confciences, were commonly interefted
therein. . Bacon’s EJfays.
5. Afflidion ; grievance ; diftreft.
Mine own and my people’s prejfures are grievous, and
peace would be very pleafing. _ King Charles.
The genuine price of lands in England would be twenty
years purchafe, were it not for accidental prejfures under which
it labours. _ Child’s Difcourfe of Trade.
To this confideration he retreats, in the midft of all his
prejfures, with comfort; in this thought, notwithftanding the
fad afflidions with which he was overwhelmed, he mightily
exults. Atterburys Sermons.
Excellent was the advice of Elephas to Job, in the midft
of his great troubles and prejfures, acquaint thyfelf now with
God, and be at peace. Atterbury.
6. Impreflion ; ftamp ; charader made by impreflion.
From my memory
I’ll wipe away all trivial fond records.
All faws of books, all forms, all prejfures paft.
That youth and obfervation copy’d there. Shakefp.
Prest. adj. [pref or pret, Fr.]
I. Ready; not dilatory. This is faid to have been the original
fenfe of the word pref men ; men, not forced into the fervice,
as now we underftand it, but men, for a certain fum re¬
ceived, pref or ready to march at command.
Each
P R E
Each mind is preji, and open every ear,
To hear new tidings, though they no way joy us. Pairfax,
Grittus defined nothing more than, at his firft entrance, to
have confirmed the opinion of his authority in the minds of
the vulgar people, by the preji and ready attendance of the
Vayuod. Knolles s Hiji. of the ‘Turks.
2.Neat ; tight. In both fenfes the word is obfiolete.
More wealth any where, to be breefe
More people, more handl'ome and preji
Where find ye ? Tuffers Hufbandry.
Prest. n.f [preji, Fr.] A loan.
He required of the city a preji of fix thoufand marks ; but,
after many parlees, he could obtain but two thoufand pounds.
Bacon’s Henry VII.
Prestiga'tion. n.f [prefigatio, Lat.] A deceiving ; a jug¬
gling ; a playing legerdemain. Dil1.
Pre'stiGes. n.f [prefigia, Lat.J Illufions; iriipoftures;
juggling tricks. Diet.
Pre'sto. n.f [prefo, Italian.] Quick; at once. A word
ufed by thofe that fhow legerdemain.
Prejio ! begone! ’tis here again j
There’s ev’ry piece as big as ten. Swift.
Presu'mably. adv. [from prefume.J Without examination.
Authors prefwnably writing by common places, wherein,
for many years, promifeuoufly amaffing all that make for their
fubjeft, break forth at laft into ufelefs rhapfodies. Brown-.
To PRESU'ME. v. n. [pi ejumer, Fr. prafumo, Lat.]
1. To fuppofe ; to believe previoufiy without examination,
O much deceiv’d, much failing, haplefs Eve !
Of thy prefum'd return ! event perverfe ! Milton.
Experience fupplants the ufe of conjecture in the point;
we do not only prefume it may be fo, but abtually find it is
fo. Government of the Tongue.
2. To fuppofe; to affirm without immediate proof.
Although in the relation of Mofes there be very few perfons
mentioned, yet are there many more to be prefumed. Brown.
I prefume,
That as my hand has open’d bounty to you,
My heart dropp’d love ; my pow’r rain’d honour more
On you, than any. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
3. To venture without pofitive leave.
There was a matter we were no lefs defirous to know,
than fearful to alk, left we mightprefume too far. Bacon.
I to the heav’nly vifion thus prejum’d. Milton.
4. To form confident or arrogant opinions.
The life of Ovid being already written in our language, I
will not prefume fo far upon myfelf, to think 1 can add any
thing to Mr. Sandys his undertaking. Dryden.
This man prefumes upon his parts, that they will not fail
him at time of need, and fo thinks it luperfiuous labour to
make any provilion beforehand. Locke.
5. I o make confident or arrogant attempts.
In this we fail to perform the thing, which God feeth
meet, convenient and good ; in that we prefume to fee what
is meet and convenient, better than God himfelf. Hooker.
God, to remove his ways from human fenfe.
Plac’d heav’n from earth fo far, that earthly fight.
If it prejume, might err in things too high,
And no advantage gain. Milton’s Par. Lof, b. viii.
6. It has on or upon fometimes before the thing fuppofed, or caufing prefumption.
He, that would not deceive himfelf, ought to build his hypothefis on matter of faCt, and not prefume on matter of fact,
becaufe of his hypothefis. Locke.
Luther prefumes upon the gift of continency. Atterbury.
7. It has of fometimes, but not properly.
Prefuming of his force, with fparkling eyes.
Already he devours the promis’d prize. Dryden.
Presu mer. n J. [from prefume.] One that prefuppofes; an
arrogant perfon.
Heavy with fome high minds is an overweight of obliga¬
tion ; otherwife great defervers do grow intolerable prefumers. JVotton.
Presu'mption. n. f. [prafumptus, Lat. prefo?nption, Fr.j
j. Suppofition previoufiy formed.
Thou haft ihewed us how unfafe it is to offend thee, upon
preemptions afterwards to pleafe thee. King Charles.
Though men in general believed a future ftate, yet they had
but confuted prefumptions of the nature and condition ofit. Rog.
2. Confidence grounded on any thing prefuppofed.
A prefumption, upon this aid, was the principal motive for
the undertaking. Clarendon, b. viii.
Thofe at home held their immoderate engroffments of
power by no other tenure, than their own prefumption upon
the neceffity of affairs. Swift's Mifcellanies.
3. An argument ftrong, but not demonfirative ; a ftrong pro¬
bability.
The error and unfufficience of their arguments doth make
it, on the contrary fide againft them, a ftrong prefumption,
that God hath not moved their hearts to think fuch things, as
he hath not enabled them to prove. Hooker, b.v.f.io.
4. Arrogance; confidence blind and adventurous j prefumptuoufnefs.
P R E
Let my prefumption not provoke thy wrath ;
Fori am lorry, that with reverence
I did not entertain thee as thou art. Shakefp.
It warns a warier carriage in the thing,
Left blind prefumption work their ruining. Daniel.
I had the prefumption to dedicate to you a very unfulfilled
P‘ece» Dryden.
5.Unreafonable confidence of divine favour.
I he awe of his majefty will keep us from prefumptim, and
the promifes of his mercy from defpair. Rogers.
Presu mptive, adj. [prefomptive, Fr. fromp>-efume.]
1. Taken by previous fuppofition.
We commonly take fhape and colour for fo prefumptive
ideas of feveral fpecies, that, in a good picture, we readily
fay this is a lion, and that a rofe. Locke.
2. Suppofed : as, the prefumptive heir : oppofed to the heir ap¬
parent.
3* Confident; arrogant; prefumptuous.
There being two opinions repugnant to each other, it may
not be prefumptive or iceptical to doubt of both. Brown.
Presumptuous, adj. [prefumptueux, prefomptueux, Fr.]
1. Arrogant; confident; infolent.
Prefumptuous prieft, this place commands my patience.
Shakefp. Henry VI.
I follow him not
With any token of prefumptuous fuit;
Nor would I have him, till I do deferve him. Shakefp.
The boldnefs of advocates prevail with judges; whereas
they ftiould imitate God, who repreffeth the prefumptuous,
and giveth grace to the modeft. Bacon’s Efjays.
Their minds fomewhat rais’d
By falfe prefumptuous hope. Milton.
Some will not venture to look beyond received notions of
the age, nor have fo prefumptuous a thought, as to be wifer
than their neighbours. Locke.
2. Irreverent with refpeCt to holy things.
1 hus I prefumptuous : and the vifion bright.
As with a fmile more brighten’d, thus reply’d. Milton„
The pow’rs incens’d
Punifh’d his prefumptuous pride.
That for his daring enterprize fhe dy’d. Dryden.
Can’ll thou love
Prefumptuous Crete, that boalls the tomb of Jove. Pope,
Presumptuously, adv. [from prefumptuous.]
1. Arrogantly ; irreverentlyi
Do you, who ftudy nature’s works, decide,
Whilft I the dark myfterious caufe admire;
Nor, into what the gods conceal, prefumptuoufy enquire.
. AddiJon s Remarks on Italy.
2. With vain and groundlefs confidence in divine favour.
I entreat your prayers, that God will keep me from all
premature perfuafion of my being in Chrift, and not fuffer
me to go on prefumptuoufy or defperately in. any courle Hamm.
Presu'mptuousness. n.f. [from prefumptuous.] Quality of
being prefumptuous ; confidence ; irreverence.
Presuppo'sal. n.f [pres andfuppofal.] Suppofal previoufiy
formed. 1
All things neceffary to be known that we may be faved,
but known with prejuppofal of knowledge concerning certain
principles, whereof it receiveth us already perfuaded. Hooker.
To Presuppo'se. v. a. [prefuppofer, Fr. pus and fuppofe.]
To fuppofe as previous.
In as much as righteous life prefuppofeth life, in as much as
to live virtuoufiy it is impoffible except we live ; therefore the
firft impediment, which naturally we endeavour to remove
is penury and want of things, without which we cannot
Pye- Hooker, b. i.f jq.
All kinds of knowlege have their certain bounds ; each of
them prefuppofeth many neceffary things learned fir other
fciences, and known beforehand. hooker b. i.
Presupposition, n.f [prefuppofiiion, Fr. pra and fuppofition.]
Suppofition previoufiy formed. J
Presurmi'se. n. f [pra and furmife.] Surmife previoufiy
formed. J
It was your prefurmife,
That, in the dole of blows, your fon might drop. Shakefp*
Prete'nce. n.f [pratenfus, Lat.]
1. A falfe argument grounded upon fictitious poftulates.
This pretence againft religion will not only be baffled, but
we fhall gain a new argument to perfuade men over. Tillotf.
2. The aCt of fhowing or alleging what is not real.
With flying fpeed and leeming great pretence
Came running in a meffenger. Fair, Queen.
So ftrong his appetite was to thofe executions he had been
accuftom’d to in Ireland, without any kind of commiffion or
pretence of authority. ,
. 1 * c , Clarendon.
O worthy not of liberty alone,
Too mean pretence, but honour. Miller.
Of n?t?C Tr°ia?S? with a feign’d pretence
T f ^r?, Peacc’ ^eFide the Latian prince. Dryden.
, , .. °.u . iave ^relied the whole with greater care ; but I
3 lt,: e *lme> which I am fure you know to be more than
pretence. IVake’s Preparation for Death.
5 3. Affumption 5
PRE
3. Affumption *, claim to notice.
Defpife not thefe few enfuing pages ; for never was any
thing of this pretence more ingenuoufly imparted. Evelyn.
4. Claim true or falfe.
Spirits in ourjuft pretences arm’d
Fell with us. . Milton.
Primogeniture cannot have any pretence to a right of lolely
inheriting property or power. Locke.
5. Shakefpeare ufes this word with more affinity to the original
Latin, for fomething threatened, or held out to terrify.
I have conceived a moft faint negleift of late, which J have
rather blamed as my own jealous curioftty, than a^ a very
pretence and purpofe of unkindnefs. Shakefp.
In the great hand of God I ftand, ,and thence
Againft the undivulg’d pretence I fight
Of treas’nous malice. Shakefp. Macbeth.
He hath writ this to feel my affe&ion for your honour, and
to no other pretence of danger. Shakefp. King Lear.
To PRETE'ND. v. a. [preetendo, Lat. pretendre, Fr.]
1. To hold out; to ftretch forward. This is mere Latinity,
and not ufed.
Lucagus, to lafti his horfes, bends
Prone to the wheels, and his left foot pretends. Dryden.
2. To portend ; to forefhow. Not in ufe.
All thefe movements feemed to be pretended by moving of
the earth in Suffex. Hayward.
3. To make any appearance of having; to allege falfely.
This let him know,
Left wilfully tranlgreffing he pretend
Surprifal. Milton.
What reafon then can any man pretend againft religion,
when it is fo apparently for the benefit, not only of human
fociety, but of eVefy particular perfon. Tillotfon.
4. To fhow hypocritically.
Tis their intereft to guard themfelves from thofe riotous
effeds of pretended zeal, nor is it lefs their duty. D. ofPiety.
5. To hold out as a delufive appearance ; to exhibit as a cover
of fomething hidden. This is rather Latin.
Warn all creatures from thee
Henceforth; left that too heav’nly form, pretended
To hellifh falfhood, fnare them. Miltons Par. Lojl.
6. To claim. In this fenfe we rather fay, pretend to.
Chiefs fhall be grudg’d the part which they pretend. Dry.
Are they not rich"? what more can they pretend? Pope.
To PreTend. v. n.
1. To put in a claim truly or falfely. It is feldom ufed without
fhade of cenfure.
What peace can be, where both to one pretend ?
But they more diligent, and we more ftrong. Dryden.
In thofe countries that pretend to freedom, princes are fubjed to thofe laws which their people have cholen. Swift.
2. To prefume on ability to do any thing; to profefs prefumptuoufly.
Of the ground of rednefs in this fea are we not fully fatisfied ; for there is another red fea, whofe name we pretend
not to make out from thefe principles. Brown.
Prete'nder. n.f. [from pretend.] One who lays claim to
any thing.
The prize was difputed only till you were feen ; now all
pretenders have withdrawn their claims. Dryden.
Whatever victories the feveral pretenders to the empire ob¬
tained over one another, they are recorded on coins without
the leaft reflection. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
The numerous pretenders to places would never have been
kept in order, if expectation had been cut off. Swift.
To juft contempt ye vain pretenders fall.
The people’s fable and the fcorn of all. Pope.
Pretenders to philofophy or good fenfe grow fond of this
fort of learning. Watts.
Pretendingly, adv. [from pretending.'] Arrogantly; prefumptuoufly.
I have a particular reafon to look a little pretendingly, at
prefent. Collier on Pride.
Prete'nsion. n.f [pretenfo, Lat. pretention, Fr.]
1. Claim true or falfe.
But if to unjuft things thou doft pretend.
Ere they begin, let thy pretenfons end. Denham.
Men indulge thofe opinions and pradices, that favour their
pretenfons. _ E Efrange.
The commons demand that the confulfhip fhould lie in
common to the pretenfons of any Roman. Swift.
2. Fi&itious appearance. A Latin phrafe or fenfe.
This was but an invention and pretenfon given out by the
Spaniards. Bacon.
Pre'ter. n.f [prater, Lat.] A particle, which prefixed to
words of Latin original, fignifies be/tde.
Pre'terimpereect. adj. In grammar, denotes thetenfe not
perfectly paft.
PRETERIT, adj. [preterit, Fr. prateritus, Lat.] Paft.
PreteRi'tion. n.f. [preterition,Yx. from preterit.] The act
of going paft; the ftate of being paft.
Pre'teritness. n.f. [from preterit.] State of being paft;
not prefence; not futurity.
PRE
We cannot conceive a preteritnefs ftill backwards in infi¬
nitum, that never was prefent, as we can an endlefs futurity,
that never will be prefent; fo that though one is potentially
infinite, yet neverthelefs the other is politively finite : and this
reafoning doth not at all affed the eternal exiftence of the
adorable divinity, in whofe invariable nature there is no paft
nor future. Bentley s Sermons.
Preterla'psed. adj. [praterlapfus, Lat.] Paft and gone.
We look with a fuperftitious reverence upon the accounts
of preterlapfed ages. Glanvill’s Scepf
Never was there fo much of either, in any preterlapfed age,
as in this. Walker.
Preterle'gal. adj. [preter and legal.] Not agreeable to
law.
I expeded fome evil cuftoms preterlegal, and abufes perfonal, had been to be removed. King Charles.
Pretermission, n.f. [preter?niffon, Fr. pratermiffo, Lat.]
The acSt of omitting.
To Pretermi't. v. a. [pratermitto, Lat.] Topafsby.
The fees, that are termly given to thefe deputies, for recompence of their pains, I do purpofely pretermit; becaufe
they be not certain. Bacon.
PRETERNATURAL, adj. [prater anti natural.] Different
from what is natural; irregular.
We will enquire into thecaufeof this vile and preternatural
temper of mind, that fhould make a man pleafe himfelf with
that, which can no ways reach thofe faculties, which nature
has made the proper feat of pleafure. South’s Sermons.
That form, which the earth is under at prefent, is preter¬
natural, like a ftatue made and broken again. Burnet.
Pre'ternaturally. adv. [{corn preternatural.] In a man¬
ner different from the common order of nature.
Simple air, preternaturally attenuated by heat, will make
itfelf room, and break and blow up all that which refifteth
jt> Bacon’s Nat. Hijt.
Pre'terkaturALNESS, n.f [from preternatural.] Manner
different from the order of nature.
Pre'terperfect. adj. [prateritum perfettum, Lat.] Agrammatical term applied to the tenfe which denotes time abfolutely
paft.
The fame natural averfion to loquacity has of late made a
confiderable alteration in our language, by clofing in one fyllable the termination of our preterperfeft tenfe, as drown’d,
walk’d, for drowned, walked. Addifon’s Spectator.
Pre'teRPLUperfect, adj. [prateritum plufquam perfci~luniy
Lat.] The grammatical epithet for the tenfe denoting time
relatively paft, or paft before fome other paft time.
Prete'xt. n. f. [preetextus, Lat. pretexte, Fr.] Pretence;
falfe appearance ; falfe allegation.
My pretext to ftrike at him admits
A good conftrudion. Shakefp. CoriolanusJ
Under this pretext, the means he fought
To ruin fuch whofe might did much exceed
His pow’r to wrong. Daniel’s CivilWar.
As chymifts gold from brafs by fire would draw.
Pretexts are into trealon forg’d by law. Denham.
I fhall not fay with how much, or how little pretext of rea¬
fon they managed thole difputes. Decay of Piety.
They fuck the blood of thofe they depend upon, under a
pretext of fervice and kindnefs. L’Efrange.
Pre'tor. n.f. [prator, Lat. preteurfYr.] The Roman judge.
It is now fometimes taken for a mayor.
Good Cinna, take this paper;
And look you lay it in the pretor s chair. Shakefp.
Porphyrius, whom you Egypt’s pretor made.
Is come from Alexandria to your aid. Dryden.
An advocate, pleading thecaufe of his client before one of
the pretors, could only produce a fingle witnefs, in a point
where the law required two. Spectator, N° 556.
Pre'torian. adj. [pretorianus, Lat. prctoricn,Yc.] Judicial;
exercifed by the pretor.
The chancery had thtpretorian power for equity; the ftarchamber had the cenforian power for offences. Bacon.
Pre'ttily. adv. [frompretty.] Neatly ; elegantly; pleafingl/'
without dignity or elevation.
How pre'ttily the young fwain feems to wafh
The hand was fair before. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
One faith prettily ; in the quenching of the flame of a peftilent ague, nature is like people that come to quench the fire ,
of a houfe ; fo buly, as one letteth another. Bacon.
Children, kept out of ill company, take a pride to behave
themfelves prettily, after the fafhion of others. Lode.
Pre'ttiness. n.f [from pretty.] Beauty without dignity,
neat elegance without elevation.
There is goodlinefs in the bodies of animals, as in the ox,
greyhound and flag; or majefty and ftatelinefs, as in the lion,
horfe, eagle and cock; grave awfulnefs, as in maftifts; or
elegancy and prettinefs, as in Idler dogs and moft fort of birds ;
all which are feveral modes of beauty. More.
Thofe drops of prettinefs, fcatteringly fprinkled amongit the
creatures, were defigned to defecate and exalt our concep¬
tions, not to inveigle or detain our paffions. pRE TtY
PRE
PretVy. ad]. [praee, finery, Sax. pretto, Italian ; prat, prdttigh, Dutch.]
1. Neat; elegant; pleafmg without furprife or elevation.
Of thefe the idle Greeks have many pretty tales. Raleigh.
They found themfelves involved in a train of miftakes, "by
taking up fome pretty hypothecs in philofophy. Watts.
2. Beautiful without grandeur or dignity.
The pretty gentleman is the moll complaifant creature ih
the world, and is always of my mind. Spectator.
3. It is uled in a kind of diminutive contempt in poetry, and
in converfation : as, a prettyfellow indeed !
A pretty talk ; and fo I told the fool.
Who needs mud undertake to pleafe by rule. Dryden.
He 11 make a pretty figure in a triumph.
And ferve to trip before the viftor’s chariot. Addifon.
4. Not very Email. This is a very vulgar ufe.
A knight of Wales, with (hipping and fame pretty com¬
pany, did go todifeover thofe parts. Abbot.
Cut off the ftalks of cucumbers, immediately after their
bearing, clofe by the earth, and then call a pretty quantity of
earth upon the plant, and they will bear next year before the
ordinary time. Bacon*s Nat. Hifl.
I would have a mount of fome pretty height, leaving the
Wall of the enclofure bread high. Bacon's Ejfays.
Of this mixture we put a parcel into a crucible, and fuffered
it for a pretty while to continue red hot. Boyle.
A weazle a pretty way oft'ftood leering at him. L'Ejlr.
Pre'tty. adv. In fome degree. This word is ufed before
adverbs or adjectives to intend their fignification 1 it is lefs
than very.
The world begun to be pretty well flocked with people,
and human induilry drained thofe unhabitable places. Burnet.
I fhall not enquire how far this lofty method may advance
the reputation of learning; but I am pretty fare ’tis no
great addition to theirs who ufe it. Collier.
A little voyage round the lake took up five days, though
the wind was pretty fair for us all the while. Addifon.
I have a fondnefs for a projedl, and a pretty tolerable genius
that way myfelf. AddiJon’s Guardian, Ny 107.
Thefe colours were faint and dilute, unlefs the light was
trajedled obliquely ; for by that means they became pretty
vivid.. _ Newton's Opticks.
This writer every where infinuates, and, in one place,
pretty plainly profefles himfelf a fincere chriftian. Atterbury.
The copper halfpence are coined by thepublick, and every
piece worth pretty near the value of the copper. Swift.
The firft attempts of this kind were pretty modeft. Baker.
To PRE'VAIL. v. n. [prevaloir, Fr. prcevalere, Lat.]
1. To be in force; to have effedt; to have power; to have in¬
fluence.
This cuflom makes the fhort-fighted bigots, and the wa¬
rier fcepticks, as far as it prevails. Locke.
2. To overcome; to gain the fuperiority. With on or upon,
fometimes over or againjl.
They that were your enemies, are his.
And have prevail'd as much on him as you. Shakefp.
Nor is it hard for thee to preferve me amidfl the unjuft ha¬
tred and jealoufnefs of too many, which thou haft fuffered to
prevail upon me. King Charles.
I told you then he fliould prevail, and fpeed
On his bad errand. Milton.
The millenium prevailed long againjl the truth upon the
ftrength of authority. Decay of Piety.
While Malbro’s cannon thus prevails by land,
Britain’s fea-chiefs by Anna’s high command,
Refiftlefs o’er the Thufcan billows ride. Blackmore.
Thus fong could prevail
O'er death and o'er hell,
A conqueft how hard and how glorious j
1 hough fate had faft bound her
. With Styx nine times round her.
Yet muffck and love were victorious. Pope.
This kingdom could never prevail againjl the united power
of England. Swift.
3. To gain influence ; to operate effectually.
4. To perfuade or induce by entreaty. It has with, upon or on
before the perfon perfuaded.
With minds obdurate nothing prevailed.f as well they that
preach, as they that read unto fuch, fhall ftill have caufe to
complain with the prophets of old, who will give credit unto
Our teaching ? Hooker, b. v.f 22.
He was prevailed with to reftrain the earl of Briftol upon
his firft arrival. Clarendon.
The ferpent with me
Perfuafively have fo prevail'd, that I
Have alio tailed. Milton.
They are more in danger to go out of the way, who are
marching under the conduCt of a guide, that it is an hundred
to one will miflead them, than he that has not yet taken a ftep,
and is likelier to be prevailed on to enquire after the right
way. Locke.
There are four forts of arguments that men, in their reafonings with others, make ufe of to prevail on them. Locke.
PRE
The gods pray
He would refume the conduCl of the day,
Nor let the world be loft in endlefs night;
Prevail'd upon at laft, again he took
The harnefs’d fteeds, that ftill with horror fhook. Addif.
Upon a fluranees of revolt, the queen was prevailed with
to fend her forces upon that expedition. Swift.
Prevail upon fome judicious friend to be your cOnftant
hearer, and allow him the utmoft freedom. Swift.
Prevailing, adj. [from prevail.] Predominant; having
moft influence.
Probabilities, which crofs men’s appetites and prevailing
paflions, run the fame fate : let never fo much probability
hang on one fide of a covetous man’s reafoning, and money
on the other, it is eafy to forefee which will outweigh. Locke.
Save the friendlefs infants from oppreflion ;
Saints fhall aflift thee with prevailing prayers,
And warring angels combat on thy fide. Rowe.
Prevai'lment. 71.f from prevail.'] Prevalence.
Meflengers
Of fkxonpgprevailment in unharden’d youth. Shakefp.
Prevalence. In. f [prevalence, Fr. prevalentia, low Lat.J
Prevalency. ) Superiority; influence; predominance.
The duke better knew, what kind of arguments were of
prevalence with him. _ Clarendon.
Others finding that, in former times, many churchmen
were employed in the civil government, imputed their wantirtg of thefe ornaments their predeceffors wore, to the power
and prevalency of the lawyers. Clarendon.
Animals, whole forelegs fupply the ufe of arms, hold, if
hot an equality in both, a prevalency oft times in the other.
Browns Vulgar Errours.
Why, fair one, would you not rely
On reafon’s force with beauty’s join’d ;
Could I their prevalence deny,
I muft at once be deaf and blind. Prior.
Leaft of all does this precept imply, that we fhould com¬
ply with any thing that the prevalence of corrupt fafhion has
made reputable. Rogers>s Sermons.
Prevalent, adj. [pravalens, Lat.J Various ; gaining fu¬
periority. ®
Brennus told the Roman ambafladors, that prevalent arms
were as, good as any title, and that valiant men might ac¬
count to be their own as much as they could get. Raleigh
On the foughten field;
Michael and his angels prevalent encamping. Milton.
The condudl of a peculiar providence made the inftruments
of that great defign prevalent and victorious, and all thofe
mountains of oppofition to become plains. South's Sertnotis.
2. Predominant; powerful.
Eve ! eafily may faith admit, that all
The good which we enjoy, from heav’n defeends ;
But, that from us ought fhould afeend to heav’n.
So prevalent, as to concern the mind
Of God high-bleft ; or to incline his will;
Hard to belief may feem. Milton's Par. Loft.
This was the moft received and prevalent opinion, when I
firft brought my collection up to London. Woodward.
Prevalently, adv. [fromprevalent.] Powerfully; forciblv.
The ev’ning-ftar fo falls into the main.
To rife at morn more prevalently bright. Prion.
To PREVARICATE. V. n. [prevaricor, Lat. prevariquer,
Fr.J To cavil; to quibble ; to fhuffle.
Laws are either difannulled or quite prevaricated through
change and alteration of times, yet they are good in them-
. . Spenferc
He prevaricates with his own underftanding, and cannot
ferioufly confider the ftrength, and difeern the evidence of ar¬
gumentations againft his defires. South.
Whoever helped him to this citation, I defire he will never
truft him more; for I would think better of himfelf, than
that he would wilfully prevaricate. Stillingfleet.
Prevarication, n.f [prevancatio, Lat. prevarication, Fx.
fromprevaricate.] Shuffle; cavil.
Several Romans, taieen prifoners by Hannibal, were releafed upon obliging themfelves by an oath to return again to
his camp : among thefe was one, who, thinking to elude the
oath, went the fame day back to the camp, on pretence of
having forgot fomething; but this prevarication was fo (hock¬
ing to the Roman fenate, that they ordered him to be deli—
vered up to Hannibal. Addifon's Freeholder.
Prevaricator, n.f. [prevaricator, Lat. prevaricateur Fr
from prevaricate.] A caviller ; a (huffier.
Preve'klENt. adj. [preeveniens, Lat.J Preceding; goina- before •
preventive. 0 b 0 *
From the mercy-feat above
Prevenient grace defending, had remov’d
The (tony from their hearts, and made new flelh
Tn P.?Jllefate gr0W rnftdad- Milton's Par. LoJ?.
To 1 REVE NE. «y. a [prevenio, Lat.J To hinder.
I* thy indulgent care «
Had not preven'd, among unbody’d (hades
1 now had wahder’d. Philips.
’ 20 K To PREYT/NT,
P R E
To PREVENT, v. a. [fravenio, Lat. prevenir, Fr.]
1. To go before as a guide ; to go before, making the way
eafy.
Are we to forfake any true opinion, or to fhun any requifite action, only becaufe we have in the pradlice thereof been
prevented by idolaters. Hooker, b.v.f. 12.
Prevent him with the bleffings of goodnefs. Pfalm xxi 3.
Prevent us, O Lord, in all our doings with thy molt gra¬
cious favour. Common Prayer.
Let thy grace, O Lord, always prevent and follow us.
Cojnmon Prayer.
2. To go before ; to be before ; to anticipate.
Mine eyes prevent the night-watches, that I might be oc¬
cupied in thy words. Pjahn cxix. 4.
The fame officer told us, he came to condudl us, and that
he had prevented the hour, becaufe we might have the whole
day before us for our bufinefs. Bacon.
Nothing engendred doth prevent his meat:
Flies have their tables fpread, ere they appear;
Some creatures have in winter what to eat;
Others do deep. Herbert's Temple of Sacred Poems.
Soon (halt thou find, if thou but arm their hands,
Their ready- guilt preventing thy commands ;
Coud’ft thou fome great proportion'd mifehief frame,
They’d prove the father from whofe loins they came. Pope.
3. To preoccupy; to preengage ; to attempt firft.
Thou haft prevented us with offertures of love, even when
we were thine enemies. Kino- Charles.
4. To hinder ; to obviate ; to obftrudh This is now almoft
the only fenle.
They prevented me in the day of my trouble ; but the
Lord was my upholder. Pfalm xviii. 18.
I do find it cowardly and vile.
For fear of what might fall, fo to prevent
The time of life. Shakefp. fullus Ccefar.
This your fincereft care could not prevent,
Foretold fo lately what would cotne to pafs. Milton.
Too great confidence in fuccefs is the likelieft to prevent
it; becaufe it hinders us from making the beft ufe of the ad¬
vantages which we enjoy. Atterbury.
To Pre vent, v.n. To come before the time. A latinifm.
Strawberries watered with water, wherein hath been fteeped
fheep’s dung, will prevent and come early. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
PreveNter. n. f. [from prevent.]
1. One that goes before.
The archduke was the aflailant, and the preventer, and
had the fruit of his diligence and celerity. Bacon.
2. One that hinders ; an hinderer ; an obftrudfer.
Prevention, n.f [prevention, Fr. from preventum, Lat.]
1. The add of going before.
The greater the diftance, the greater the prevention; as in
thunder, where the lightning precedeth the crack a good
fpace. Bacon.
No odds appear’d
In might or fwift prevention. Milton.
2. Preoccupation; anticipation.
Atchievements, plots, orders, preventions,
Succefs or lofs. Shakefp.
3. Hinderance; obftrudlion.
Half way he met
His daring foe, at this prevention more
Incens’d. Milton.
Prevention of fin is one of the greateft mercies God can
vouchfafe. South's Sermons.
4. Prejudice ; prepoffeffion. A French expreffion.
In reading what 1 have written, let them bring no parti¬
cular gufto or any prevention of mind, and that whatfoever
judgment they make, it may be purely their own. Dryden.
Preve'ntional. adj. [from prevention.] Tending to pre¬
vention. Dift.
Preventive, adj. [from prevent.]
1. Tending to hinder.
Wars preventive upon juft fears are true defenfives, as well
as upon addual invafions. Bacon.
2. Prefervative ; hindering ill. It has of before the thing pre¬
vented.
Phyfick is curative or preventive of difeafes; preventive is
that which, by purging noxious humours, preventeth ficknefs.
Brown.
Procuring a due degree of fweat and perfpiration, is the
beft preventive of the gout. Arbuthnot.
Preventive, n.f [from prevent.] A prefervative; that
which prevents ; an antidote.
Preventively, adv. [from preventive.'] In fuch a manner
as tends to prevention.
Such as fearing to concede a monftrofity, or mutilate the
integrity of Adam, preventively conceive the creation ofthirPDPVTnrTQ r r * Browns Vulgar Errours.
PRE VIOUS. adj. [pravms, Lat.] Antecedent; going be¬
fore ; prior. ° 0
By thisprevious intimation we may gather fome hopes, that
the matter is not defperate. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Sound from the mountain, previous to the ftorm,
Rolls o’er the muttering Earth, Thomfon,
P R I
Previously, adv. [from previous.] Beforehand ; antecedent!v.
Darting their ftings, they previoufy declare
Deiign’d revenge, and fierce intent of war. Prior.
It cannot be reconciled with perfedt fincerity, as previoufy
fuppofing fome negledt of better information. Fiddes.
Pre'viousness. n.J. [from previous.] Antecedence.
PREY. n.f. [preeda, Lat.]
1. Something to be devoured; fomething to be feized; food gotten
by violence; ravine ; wealth gotten by violence ; plunder.
A garrifon fupported itfelf, by the prey it took from the
neighbourhood of Aylefbury. Clarendon, b. viii.
M he whole included race his purpos’d prey. Milton;
She fees herfelf the monfter’s prey.
And feels her heart and intrails torn away. Dryden^.
Pindar, that eagle, mounts the fkies.
While virtue leads the noble way;
Too like a vulture Boileau flies.
Where fordid int’reft fhews the prey. Prior.
2. Ravage; depredation.
Hog in fioth, fox in Health, lion In prey. Shakefp.
3. Animal of prey, is an animal that lives on other animals.
There are men of prey, as well as beafts and birds of prey,
that live upon, and delight in blood. L’EJirange.
To Prey. v.n. [prador, Lat.]
1. To feed by violence. With on before the objeift.
A lionefs
Lay couching head on ground, with cat-like watch.
When that the fleeping man fhould ftir : for ’tis
The royal difpofition of that beaft
To prey on nothing that doth feem as dead. Shakefp.
Put your torches out;
The wolves have prey’d, and look the gentle day
Dapples the drowfy eaft. Shakefp.
Jove venom firft infus’d in ferpents fell,
Taught wolves to prey, and ftormy leas to fwell. May.
Their impious folly dar’d to prey
On herds devoted to the god of day. Pope.
2. To plunder; to rob.
They pray continually unto their faint the commonwealth,
or rather not pray to her, but prey on her; for they ride up
and down on her, and make her their boots, Shakefp.
3. To corrode; to wafte.
Language is too faint to fhow
His rage of love ; it preys upon his life ;
He pines, he fickens, he defpairs, he dies. Addifon.
Pre'yer. n.f. [fromprey.] Robber; devourer ; plunderer.
Pri'apism. n.f [priapifnus, Lat. priapifme, Fr.] A preter¬
natural tenfion.
Luft caufeth a flagrancy in the eyes and priapifm. Bacon.
The perfon every night has a priapifm in his fleep. Floyer.
Price, n.f. [prix, Fr. praiium, Lat.J
1. Equivalent paid for any thing.
I will buy it of thee at a price ; neither will I offer burntofferings unto the Lord my God, of that which coft me no¬
thing. 2 Samuel xxiv. 24.
From that which hath its price in compofition, if you take
away any thing, or any part do fail, all is difgrace. Bacon.
If fortune has a niggard been to thee.
Devote thyfelf to thrift, not luxury ;
And wifely make that kind of food thy choice.
To which neceffity confines thy price. Dryden.
2. Value; eftimation ; fuppofed excellence.
We ftand in fome jealoufy, left by thus overvaluing their
fermons ; they make the price and eftimation of lcripture,
otherwife notified, to fall. Hooker.
Sugar hath put down the ufe of honey, inafmuch as we
have loft thole preparations of honey which the ancients had,
when it was more in price. Bacon.
3. Rate at which any thing is fold.
Suppofing the quantity of wheat, in refpedt to its vent be
the fame, that makes the change in the price of wheat. Locke.
4. Reward; thing purchafed at any rate.
Sometimes virtue ftarves, while vice is fed ;
What then ? is the reward of virtue bread ?
That, vice may merit; ’tis the price of toil ;
The knave deferves it, when he tills the foil. Pope.
To Price, v. a. To pay for.
Some fball pay the price of others guilt;
And he the man that made fans foy to fall.
Shall with his own blood price that he hath fpilt. F. Ahteen.
To PRICK, v. a. [ppician, Saxon.]
1. I o pierce with a fmall punddure.
Leave her to heav’n.
And to thofe thorns that in her bofom lodge,
j To prick and fting her. Shakefp. Hamlet.
There fhall be no more a pricking brier unto the houfe of
Ifrael, nor any grieving thorn. Ezekiel xxviii. 24.
If fhe pricked her finger, Jack laid the pin in the way. Arb.
2. To form or eredd with an acuminated point.
The poets make fame a monfter ; they fay, look how
many feathers lhe hath, fo many eyes fhe hath underneath,
fo many tongues, fo many voices, fhe pricks up fo many
ears. Bacon’s Efays.
A hunted
P R I
A hunted panther cafts about
Her glaring eyes, and pricks her Iift’ning cars to fcotit. Dry.
His rough crcft he rears,
And pricks up his prcdeftinating ears. Dryden.
The fiery courier, when he hears from far
The fprightly trumpets and the fhouts of war.
Pricks up his ears. Dryden's Virgil's Georg.
A greyhound hath pricked ears, but thofe of a hound hang
down 3 for that the former hunts with his ears, the latter
only with his nofe. Grew.
The tuneful noife the fprightly courfer hears.
Paws the green turf, and pricks his trembling ears. Gay.
Keep dole to ears, and thofe let affes prick 3
Tis nothing- nothing 3 if they bite and kick. Pope.
3. To fix by the point.
I caufed the edges of two knives to be ground truly ftrait,
and pricking their points into a board, fo that their edges
might look towards one another, and meeting near their
points contain a redilinear angle, I fattened their handles to¬
gether with pitch, to make this angle invariable. Newton.
4. To hang on a point.
The cooks flice it into little gobbets, prick it on a prong
of iron, and hang it in a furnace. Sandys.
5. To nominate by a pundure or mark.
Thofe many then (hall die, their names are prickt.
Shakefpearc:
Some who are pricked for fheriffs, and are fit, fet out of
the bill. Bacon.
6. To l'pur5 to goad ; to impel3 to incite.
When I call to mind your gracious favours.
My dutypricks me on to utter that,
Which elfe no worldly good fhould draw from me. Sbakefp.
Well, ’tis no matter, honour pricks me on 3
But how if honour prick me off, when
I come on. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
His high courage prick'd him forth to wed. Pope.
7. To pain 3 to pierce with remorfe.
When they heard this, they were pricked in their hearts,
and faid, men and brethren what lhall we do? Adtsn. 37.
8. To make acid.
They their late attacks decline.
And turn as eager as prick'd wine. Hudibras, p. ii.
9. To mark a tune.
To Prick, v. n. [prijkcn, Dutch.}
1. To drefs one’s felf for fhow.
2. To come upon the fpur. This feems to be the fenfe in
Spenfer.
After that Varlet’s flight, it was not long,
Ere on the plain faft pricking Guyon fpied.
One in bright arms embattled full ftrong. Fa. FJueen.
A gentle knight was pricking on the plain,
Yclad in mighty arms of'filver fhield. Fa. Pfueen.
They had not ridden far, when they might fee
One pricking towards them with haftyheat. Fa. Vhieen.
The Scottilh horfemen began to hover much upon the
Englifli army, and to come pricking about them, fometimes
within length of their ftaves. Hayward.
Before each van
Prick forth the airy knights. Milton.
In this king Arthur’s reign,
A lufty knight was pricking o’er the plain. Dryden.
Prick, n.f. [pjucca, Saxon.]
1. A fharp {lender inftrument 3 any thing by which a pundure
is made.
The country gives me proof
Of bedlam beggars, who, with roaring voices.
Strike in their numb’d and mortified bare arms
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, fprigs of rofemary. Sbakefp.
It is hard for thee to kick againft the pricks. Adis ix. 5.
If the Englifli would not in peace govern them by the law,
nor could in war root them out by the fword, mutt they not
be pricks in their eyes, and thorns in their fides. Davies.
It God would have had men live like wild beafts, he would
have armed them with horns, tufks, talons or pricks. Brando.
2. A thorn in the mind 3 a teafing and tormenting thought 3 remorfe of confidence.
My confidence firft receiv’d a tendernefs,
Scruple, and prick, on certain fpeeches utter’d
By th’ bifliop of Bayon. Sbakefp. Henry VIII,
3. A fpot or mark at which archers aim.
For long {hooting, their fliaft was a cloth yard, their pricks
twenty-four fcore 3 for ttrength, they would pierce any ordi¬
nary armour. Carew s Survey of Cornwall.
4. A point 3 a fixed place.
Now gins this goodly frame of temperance
Fairly to rife, and her adorned head
To prick of higheft praife forth to advance. Spenfer.
Phaeton hath tumbled from his car,
And made an evening at the noon-tide prick. Sbakefp.
5. A pundure.
No afps were difeovered in the place of her death, only
two fmall infenfible pricks were found in her arm. Brown.
6. The print of a hare in the ground.
P R I
Pri'cker. n.f. [from prick.]
1. A fharp-pointed inllrument.
Pricker is vulgarly called an awl 3 yet, for joiner’s ufe, it
hath moft commonly a fquare blade. Moxon's Mecban. Exer.
2. A light horfeman.-
They had horfemen, prickers as they are termed, fitter to
make excurfions and to chace, than to fuftain any ftrong
charge. Hayward.
Pri'cket. n.f [from prick.] A buck in his fecond year.
I’ve call’d the deer ; the princefs kill’d a pricket. Sbakefp.
The buck is called the firft year a fawn, the fecond year a
pricket. Manwood of tbe Laws of the Forejl.
Prickle. n.f. [from prick.] Small {harp point, like that of
a brier.
The prickles of trees are a kind of excrefcence 3 the plants
that have prickles, are black and white, thofe have it in the
bough ; the plants that have prickles in the leaf, are holly and
juniper ; nettles alfo have a fmall venomous prickle. Bacon.
An herb growing in the water, called lincoftis, is full of
prickles: this putteth forth another fmall herb out of the leaf,
imputed to moifture gathered between the prickles. Bacon-.
A fox catching hold of a bramble to break his fall, the
prickles ran into his feet. L'Eflrange.
The man who laugh’d but once to fee an afs
Mumbling to make the crofs-grain’d thiftles pafs.
Might laugh again, to fee a jury chaw
The prickles of unpalatable law. Dryden<,
The flower’s divine, where’er it grows,
Negledl the prickles, and affume the rofe. TVatts.
Pri'ckliness. n. f. [from prickly.] Fullnefs of {harp points.
Pri'cklouse. n.f. [prick and loufe ] A word of contempt
for a taylor. A low word.
A taylor and his wife quarreling 5 the woman in contempt
called her hufband prickloufe. L'Efrange.
Pri'cksong. n.f. [prick and fong.] Song fet tomufick.
He fights as you fing prickfongs, keeps time, diftance and
proportion. Sbakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Pri'ckly. adj. [from prick.] Full of {harp points.
Artichoaks will be lefs prickly and more tender, if the feeds
have their tops grated off upon a ftone. Bacon.
I no more
Shall fee you browzing, on the mountain’s brow,
The prickly fhrubs. Drydeni
How did the humbled Twain deteft
His prickly beard, and hairy breaft ! - Swift's Mifceh
Prickmadam. n.f. A fpecies of houfeleek, which fee.
Pri'ckpunch. n.f.
Prickpuncb is a piece of tempered fteel, with a round point
at one end, to prick a round mark in cold iron. Moxon.
Pri'ckwood. n.f. A tree. Ainfworilu
Pride, n.f. [ppm or pjryb, Saxon.]
1. Inordinate and unreafionable felf-efteem.
I can fee his pride
Peep through each part of him. Sbakefp. Henry VIIF
Fride hath no other glafs
To {hew itfelf, but pride 3 for fupple knees
Feed arrogance, and are the proud man’s fees.
He his wonted pride foon recollecfts.
Vain aims, inordinate defires
Blown up with high conceits engend’ring pride.
2. Infolence 3 rude treatment of others 3 infolent exultation.
That witch
Hath wrought this hellifh mifehief unawares 3
That hardly we efcap’d the pride of France.
They undergo
This annual humbling certain number’d days,
To dafh their pride and joy for man feduc’d.
Wantonnefs and pride
Raife out of friendlhip, hoftile deeds in peace.
3. Dignity of manner 3 loftinefs of air.
4. Generous elation of heart.
The honeft pride of confcious virtue.
5. - Elevation 5 dignity.
A falcon, tow’ring in her pride of place,
Was by a moufing owl hawkt at and kill’d*
6. Ornament 3 fhow 3 decoration.
Whole lofty trees, yclad with fummer’s pride,
Did fpread fo broad, that heavens light did hide.
Smalleft lineaments exadf.
In all the liveries deck’d of fumrner’s prides
Be his this fword,
Whof’e ivory {heath, inwrought with curious pride,
Adds graceful terror to the wearer’s fide* Po+et,
7. Splendour 3 oftentation.
In this array the war of either fide,
Through Athens pafs’d with military prideDrydeni
8. The ftate of a female beaft foliciting the male*
It is impoflible you fliould fee this,
Were they as fait as wolves in pride. Sbakefp.
To Pride, v. a. [from the noun.] To make proud 3 to rate
himlelt high. It is only uled with the reciprocal pronoun.
He could have made the moft deformed beggar as rich, as
thofe who moft pride themjelves in their wealth. Go. ofthe Ton.
6 J This
Sbakefp.
Milton.
Milton.
Sbakefp*
Milton*
Milton«
Smith6
Sbakefp.
F.Qu.
Milton
P R I
This little itnpudent hardware-man turns into ridicule the
direful apprchenfions of the whole kingdom, priding himfelf
as the caufe of them. Swift's Mifcel.
PlttE. n.f. I fuppofe an old name of privet.
Lop popler and fallow, elme, maple and prie,
Wei laved from cattel, till fummer to lie. Tnffer.
PriEF (ox proof. Spenfer.
Pri'er. n.f [from/>ry.] One who enquires too narrowly.
PRIEST, n.f. [ppeoyr. Sax. p>eftre, Fr.]
I. One who officiates in facred offices.
I’ll to the vicar.
Bring you the maid, you fhall not lack a priejl. Shakefp.
The high prieft (hall not uncover his head. Lev. xxi. io.
Our practice of linging differs from the practice of David,
the priefts and Levites. Peacham.
1 h'efe pray’rs I thy prieft before thee bring. Milton.
2\ One of the fecond order in the hierarchy, above a deacon,
below a bilhop.
No neighbours, but a few poor fimple clowns,
Honeft and true, with a well-meaning prieft. Rowe.
Pri'estcraft. n. f [prieft and craft.] Religious frauds;
management of wicked priefts to gain power.
Puzzle has half a dozen common-place topicks ; though
the debate be about Doway, his difcourfe runs upon bigotry
and prieftcraft. Spectator.
From prieftcraft happily fet free,
Lo ! ev’ry finifh’d fon returns to thee. Pope.
Priestess, n.f. [fromprieft,] A woman who officiated in
heathen rites. v
Then too, our mighty fire, thou ftood’ft difarm’d,
When thy rapt ioul the lovely prieftefs charm’d,
That Rome’s high founder bore. Addifcn.
Thefe two, being the fons of a lady who was prieftefs to
Juno, 'drew their mother’s chariot to the temple. Spectator.
She as prieftefs knows the rites.
Wherein the God of earth delights. Swift's Mifcel.
Th’ inferior prieftefs, at her altar’s fide.
Trembling, begins the facred rites of pride. Pope.
Prie'sthood. n.f. [from prieft.]
1. The office and character of a prieft.
Jeroboam is reproved, becaufe he took the priefthood from
the tribe of Levi. IVhitgifte.
The priefthood hath in all nations, and all religions, been
held highly venerable. Atterburfs Sermons.
2. The order of men fet apart for holy offices.
Is your priefthood grown fo peremptory ? Shakefp.
He pretends, that I have fallen foul on priefthood. Dryden.
3. The fecond order of the hierarchy. See Priest.
Prie'sTLiness. n.f. [kxoxxi prieftly.'] The appearance or man¬
ner of a prieft.
Prie stly, adj. [from prieft.] Becoming a prieft; facerdotal;
belonging to a prieft.
In the Jewilh church, nooe that was blind or lame was
capable of the prieftly office. South's Sermons.
How can inceft fuit- with holinefs,
Or prieftly orders with 'a princely ftate ? Dryden.
Prie'stridden. adj. [prieft and ridden.J Managed or go¬
verned by priefts.
Such a cant of high-church and perfecution, and being
prieftridden. Swift.
To Pri eve for prove. Spenfer.
Prig. n.f. [A cant word derived perhaps from prick, as he
pricks up, he is pert; or from prickeared, an epithet of re¬
proach beftowed'upon the prefbyterian teachers.] Apert,
conceited, faucy, pragmatical, little fellow.
The little man concluded, with calling monfieur Mefnager
an iniignificant prig. Spectator, N? 482.
There have I feen fome aCtive prig,
To fhew his parts, beftride a twig. Swift's Mifcel.
Prill, n.f. A birt or turbot. Ainfwortht
Prim. adj. [by contraction fromprimitive.] Formal; precife;
afteCtedly nice.
A ball of new dropt horfe’s dung.
Mingling with apples in the throng.
Said to the pippin, plump and prim,
See, brother, how we apples fwim. Swift's Mifcel.
To Prim. v. a. [from the adjeCtive.] To deck up precifely;
to form to an affected nicety.
Primacy, n.f. [ptimatie, primace, Fr. primatus, Lat.] The
chief eccleftaftical ftation.
When he had now the primacy in his own hand, he thought
he fliould be to blame if he did not apply remedies. Clarend.
Primage, n.f The freight of a fhip. 1 Ainfworth.
Pri mal, adj. [primus, Lat.] Firft. A word not in ufe, but
very commodious for poetry.
It hath been taught us from the primal ftate.
That he, which is, was wifh’d, until he were. Shakefp.
Oh ! my offence is rank, it fmells to heav’n,
It hath the primal, eldeft curfe upon’t. Shakefp.
Primarily, adv. [from primary.'] Originally; in the firft
intention ; in the firft place.
In fevers, where the heart primarily fuffereth, we apply
medicines unto the wrifts. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
PRI
Thefe confiderations fo exaCtly fuiting the parable of the
wedding-fupper to this fpiritual banquet of the gofpel, if it
does not primarily, and in its firft defign, intend it; yet cer¬
tainly it may, with greater advantage of refemblance, be ap¬
plied to it, than to any other duty. South's Sermons.
Primariness. n.f. [from primary.] The ftate of being firft
in aCt or intention.
1 hat which is peculiar, muft be taken from the primari~
fiefs and fecondarinefs of the perception. Norris,
PRl'MARY. adj. [primarius, Lat.j
1. Firft in intention.
The figurative notation of this word, and not the primary
or literal, belongs to this place. Hammond.
2. Original; firft.
Before that beginning, there was neither primary matter to
be informed, nor form to inform, nor any being but the
eternal. Raleigh’s Hijiory of the World.
When the ruins both primary and fecondary were fettled,
the waters of the abyfs began to fettle too. Burnet.
Thefe I call original ox primary qualities of body, which
produce fimple ideas in us, viz. lolidity, extenlion, figure
and motion. Locke.
3. Firft in dignity ; chief; principal.
As the fix primary planets revolve about him, fo the fe¬
condary ones are moved about them in the fame iefquialteral
proportion of their periodical motions to their orbs. Bentley.
PRIMATE, n.f. [primat, Fr. primas, Lat] The chief ecclefiaftick.
When the power of the church was firft: eftablifhed, the
archbifhops of Canterbury and York had then no preheminence one over the other; the former being primate over the
Southern, as the latter was over the Northern parts. Aylijfe.
The late and prefent primate, and the lord archbifhop of
Dublin hath left memorials of his bounty. Swift.
Pri'mateship. n.f. [from primate.'] The dignity or office
of a primate.
Prime, n.f. [primus, Lat.]
1. The firft part of the day ; the dawn ; the morning.
His larum bell might loud and wide be heard
When caufe requir’d, but never out of time,
Early and late it rung at evening and at prime. Spenfer.
» Sure pledge of day, that crown’ft the fmiling morn
With thy bright circlet, praife him in thy fphere
While day arifes, that fweet hour of prime. Milton;
2. The beginning ; the early days.
Quickly lundry arts mechanical were found out in the very
prime of the world. Hooker, b. i.f 10.
Nature here wanton’d as in her prime. Milton.
3. The belt part.
Give no more to ev’rv gueft.
Than he’s able to digelt.
Give him always of the prime.
And but little at a time. ‘ Swift.
4. The fpring of life ; the height of health, ftrength or beauty.
Make hafte, fweet love, whilft it is prime,
For none can call again the palled time. Spenfer.
Will fhe yet debate her eyes on me.
That cropt the golden prime of this fweet prince,
And made her widow to a wotul bed ? Shakejp. Rich. III.
Youth, beauty, wifdom, courage, virtue, all
That happinefs and prime can happy call. Shakefp.
Likelieft fhe feem’d to Ceres in her prime. Milton.
No poet ever fweetly fung,
Unlefs he were, like Phoebus, young ;
Nor ever nymph infpir’d to rhyme,
Unlefs, like Venus, in her prime. _ Swift.
Short were her marriage joys ; for in the prime
Of youth, her lord expir’d before his time. Drydenj
5. Spring.
Hope waits upon the flow’ry prime,
And fummer, though it be lefs gay,
Yet is not look’d on as a time
Of declination or decay. Waller.
The poet and his theme in fpite of time,
For ever young enjoys an endlefsprime. Granville.
6. The height of perfection.
The plants which now appear in the mod different feafons,
would have been all in prime, and fiourilhing together at the
fame time. Woodward.
7. The firft canonical hour. Ainfzvorth.
8. The firft part; the beginning: as, the prime of the moon.
Prime, adj. [primus, Lat.]
1. Early; blooming.
His ftarry helm unbuckl’d, fhew d him prime
In manhood, where youth ended. Milton s Par. Loft:
2. Principal; firft rate.
Divers of prime quality, in feveral counties, were for refufing to pay the fame, committed to pnlon. Clarendon.
Nor can I think, that God will io deltroy
We his prime creatures dignify’d fo high. Mil on.
Humility and refignation are our prime virtues. Dryden.
3. Firft i
P R I
3.Firft ; original.
We fmother’d
The mod replenifhed l'weet work of nature,
That from the prime creation e’er fhe fram’d. Shakefp.
Moles being chofen by God to be the ruler of his people,
will not prove that priefthood belonged to Adam’s heir, or the
prime fathers. . . . . Locke.
Excellent. It may, in this loole lenle, perhaps admit,
4’ though fcarcely with propriety, a fuperlative.
0 We are contented with
Catharine our queen, before the priincjl creature
That’s paragon’d i’ th’ world. Shaiejp. Henry VIII.
To Prime, v. a. [from the noun.]
j To put in the firft powder; to put powder in the pan of a
gun.
A piftol of about a foot in length, we primed with welldried gunpowder. Boyle.
Prime all your firelocks, fallen well the flake. Gay.
His friendship was exactly tim’d.
He fhot before your foes were prim’d. Swift's Mifcel.
2. [Primer, Fr. to begin.] To lay the firft colours on in paint¬
ing. A Gallicifm.
Pri mely, adv. [from prime.’]
1. Originally ; primarily ; in the firft place; in the firft inten¬
tion.
Words fignify not immediately and primely things themfelves, but the conceptions of the mind about them. South
2. Excellently ; fupremely well. A low fenfe.
Pri'meness. n.f [from prime.]
1. The (late of being firft.
2. Excellence.
Pri'mer. n.f.
1. An office of the blefted Virgin.
Another prayer to her is not only in the manual, but in
the primer or office of the blefted Virgin. Stillingfleet.
1. [Prbnarius, Lat.] A fmall prayer book in which children
are taught to read, fo named from the Romifh book of devo¬
tions ; an elementary book.
The Lord’s prayer, tire creed and ten commandments
he fnould learn by heart, not by reading them himfelf in his
primer, but by fomebody’s repeating them before he can
read, Locke on Education.
PRIME'RO. n.f [Spanifh.] A game at cards.
I left him at prime) 0
With the duke of Suffolk. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Prime'val. \adj. [primesvus, Lat.] Original; fuch as Vvas
Prime'vous. J at firft.
Immortal dove,
Thou with almighty energy did’ft move
On the wild waves, incumbent did’ft difplay
Thy genial wings, and hatch primeval day. Blackmore.
All the parts of this great fabrick change;
Quit their old ftations and primeval frame.
And lofe their fhape, their effence, and their name. Prior.
Primi'tial. adj. [primitius, primitics, Lat.] Being of the firft
production. Ainfworth.
PRI MITIVE, adj. [primitif Fr. primitivus, Lat.]
1. Ancient; original; eftabliftied from the beginning.
Their fuperftition pretends, they cannot do God greater
fervice, than utterly to deftroy the primitive apoftolical go¬
vernment of the church by bifhops. King Charles.
David reflects fometimes upon the prefent form of the
world, and fometimes upon the primitive form of it. Burnet.
The doctrine of purgatory, by which they mean an eftate
of temporary punifhments after this life, was not known in
the primitive church, nor can be proved from feripture. Tillotf.
2. Formal ; affedtedly folemn; imitating the fuppofed gravity
of old times.
3. Original; primary; not derivative : as, in grammar, a pri¬
mitive verb.
Our primitive great fire, to meet
His godlike gueft, walks forth. Milton.
Pri'MITIVELY. adv. [from primitive.']
1. Originally; at firft.
Solemnities and ceremonies, primitively enjoined, were af¬
terward omitted, the occafion ceafing. Brown.
2. Primarily ; not derivatively.
3. According to the original rule ; according to ancient pradlice*
The pureft and moft primitively reformed church in the
world was laid in the duft. South’s Sermons.
Pri'mitiveness. n.f. [from primitive.] State of being ori¬
ginal ; antiquity; conformity to antiquity.
Pri'mness. n.f. [from prim.] Affedted nicenefs or formality.
Primoge'nial. adj. \_primigemus, Lat. it fhould theiefore have
been written primigenial. J Firftborn; oiiginal; primary;
conftituent; elemental.
The primogenial light at firft was diffuled over the face of
the unfafhioned chaos. _ Glanvillsbcepf.
It is not ealy to difeern, among many differing fubftances
obtained from the fame matter, what primogenial and limple
bodies convened together compofe it. Boyle.
The firft ok primogenial earth, which rofc out of the chaos,
was not like the prefent earth. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
P R 1
PriMOG e'nitURE. n.f. [jprimogeniture, Fr. from prirno geniius,
Lat.] Seniority ; elderlhip ; ftate of being firftborn.
Becaufe the feripture affordeth the priority of order unto
Scm, we cannot from hence infer his primogeniture. Brown.
'Fhe firft provoker has, by his feniority and primogeniture,
a double portion of the guilt. Government of the Tongue.
Primo'rdiai,. adj. [primordial, Fr. primordium, Lat.] Ori¬
ginal ; exifting from the beginning.
Salts may be either trarifmuted or otherwife produced, and
fo may not be primordial and immutable beings. Boyle.
Primo'rdial. n.f. [from the adj.] Origin; firft principle.
The primordials of the world are not mechanical, but fpermatical and vital. More's Divine Dialogues.
Primo'rdianj n.f. See Plum, of which it is a fpecies
Primo'rdiate. adj. [from primordium, Lat.]
ifting from the firft.
Original; exNot every thing chymifts will call fait, fulphur or fpirit, that
needs always be a primordiate and ingenerable body. Boyle.
Pri'mrose. n.f. [primula veris, Lat.] A plant.
The flower of the primrofe coniifts of one leaf, the lower
part of which is tubulofe, but the upper part expands itfelf
flat in form of a Ihlver, and is cut into leveral fegments ;
from the flower-cup, which is fiftulous, arifes the pointal,
which, when the flower is decayed, becomes an oblong fruit
or hulk, lying almoft concealed in the flower-cup, and opens
at the top, in which are contained many roundifh feeds
fattened to the placenta. Miller.
Pale primrofes,
That die unmarried, ere they can behold
Bright Phoebus in his ftrength. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
I would look pale as primrofe. Shakefp. Hn.ry VI*
There followeth, for the latter part of January, primroje>,
anemonies, the early tulip. Bacon’s Ejj'ays.
2. Primrofe is ufed by ShakeJ'peare for gay or flowery.
I had thought to have let in fome of all profeflions, that go
the primrofe way to the everlafting bonefire. Shakefp.
PRINCE, n.f. [prince, Fr. princeps, Lat.]
I. A fovereign ; a chief ruler.
Cceleftial ! whether among the thrones, or nam’d
Of them the higheft ; for luch of fhape may leem
Prince above princes. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. xi.
Forces come to be ufed by good princes, only upon neceffity
of providing for their defence. Temple.
Efau founded a diftindt people and government, and was
himfelf a dittindt princeover them. Locke.
1 he fucceffion of crOwns, in feveral countries, places it
on different heads, and he comes, by fucceffion, to be a prince
in one place, who would be a fubjedt in another. Locke.
Had we no hiftories of the Roman emperors, but on their
money, we fhould take them for moft virtuous princes. Addifon.
Our tottering ftate ftill diftradfed ftands.
While that prince threatens, and while this commands. Pope.
A fovereign of rank next to kings.
Ruler of whatever fex.
Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her fex for her
princely virtues. Camden.
God put it into the heart of one of our princes, towards
the clofe of her reign, to give a check to that lacrilege. Atter.
4. The fon of a king; in England only the eldeft fon; the
kinfman of a fovereign.
C_J
A prince of great courage and beauty, but foftered up in
blood by his naughty father. Sidney, b. ii.
Heav’n forbid, that fuch a fcratch fhould drive
The prince of Wales from fuch a field as this. Shakefp.
5. The chief of any body of men.
To ufe the words of the prince of learning hereupon, only
in fhallow and fmall boats, they glide over the face of the
Virgilran fea. Peacham on Poetry.
To Prince, v. n. To play the prince ; to take ftate.
Nature prompts them.
In Ample and low things, toprince it, much
Beyond the trick of others. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Princedom, n.f [from prince.] The rank, eftate or power
of the prince ; fovereignty.
Next Archigald, who, for his proud difdain,
Depofed was from princedom fovereign. Fairy Queen.
Under thee, as head fupreme
J hrones, princedoms, pow’rs, dominions, I reduce. Milton.
Princelike. adj. [prince and like.] Becoming a prince.
The wrongs he did me were nothing princelike.
Pri'nceliness. n.f. [from princely.] The ftate,
dignity of a prince.
Princely, adj. [from prince.']
1. Having the appearance of one highborn.
In war, was never lion rag’d more fierce.
In peace, was never gentle lamb more mild
Than was that young and princely gentleman. Shakefp
2. Having the rank of princes. • '
Meaning only to Jo honour to theirpincAy birth, they few
among them all. J J . ..
2.
3-
manner or
Be oppolite all planets of good luck
To my proceeding ; if with "pure heart’s love,
J tendei not thy beauteous princely daughter.
20 L 0
Sidney, b. ii.
Shakefp.
The
P R I
Milton.
Waller.
Waller.
Shakefp.
Milton.
Waller.
The princely hierarch left his pow’rs to feize
Bofl'effion of the garden.
I exprefled her commands
To mighty lords and princely dames.
So fled the dame, and o’er the ocean bore
Her princely burthen to the Gallick fliore.
3> Becoming a prince; royal; grand ; auguft.
I,that but now refus’d mod princely gifts,
Am bound to beg of my lord general.
Princely counfel in his lace yet {hone.
Born to command, your princely virtues flept
Like humble David’s, while the flock he kept.
Bri’nceIY. adv. [from prince.] In a princelike manner.
Princes-feather. n.f. The herb amaranth. Ainf.
Pri'ncess. n.f. [princeffe, Fr.]
l.A fovereign lady ; a woman having fovereign command.
Afk why God’s anointed he revil’d j
A king and princefs dead. Dryden.
Princefs ador’d and lov’d, if verfe can give
A deathlefs name, thine fhall for ever live. Granvil.
Under fo excelleht a princefs as the prefent queen, we fuppofe a family ftri&ly regulated. Su/ift.
1.A fovereign lady of rank, next to that of a queen.
3. The daughter of a king.
Here the bracelet of the trueft princefs.
That ever fwore her faith. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
4. The wife of a prince : as, the princefs of Wales.
PRINCIPAL, adj. [principal, Fr. principalis, Lat.]
1. Princely. A fenfe found only in Spenfer. A Latinifm.
Suspicion of friend, nor fear of foe.
That hazarded his health, had he at all;
But walk’d at will, and wandred to and fro.
In the pride of his freedom principal. Spenfer.
2. Chief; of the firft rate ; capital; effential; important; confiderable.
This later is ordered, partly and as touching principal
matters by none but precepts divine only ; partly and as con¬
cerning things of inferior regard by ordinances, as well hu¬
man as divine. Hooker, b. v. f. 4.
Can you remember any of the principal evils, that he laid
to the charge of women. Shakefp. As lou like it.
Principal, n.f [from the adj.]
1. A head ; a chief; not a fecond.
Seconds in fafitions do many times, when the fa&ion fubdivideth, prove principals. Bacon.
2. One primarily or originally engaged ; not an acceflary or
auxiliary.
We were not principals, but auxiliaries in the war. Swift.
In judgment, fome perfons are prefent as principals, and
others only as acceflaries. Aylijfe’s Parergon.
3. A capital fum placed out at intereft.
Thou wilt not only loofe the forfeiture.
But touch’d with human gentlenefs and love.
Forgive a moiety of the principal. Shakefp.
Taxes muft be continued, becaule we have no other means
for paying off the principal. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
4. The president or governour.
Principality, n.f. [principaulte, Fr.]
1. Sovereignty; fupreme power.
Divine lady, who have wrought fuch miracles in me, as to
make a prince none of the bafeft, to think all principalities
bale, in refpefif of the fheephook. Sidney, b. ii.
Nothing was given to Henry, but the name ol king; all
other abfolute power of principality he had. Spenfer.
2. A prince ; one inverted with fovereignty.
Then fpeak the truth by her; if not divine,
Yet let her be a principality,
Sov’reign to all the creatures on the earth.
Nifroch of principalities the prime.
3. The country which gives title to a prince : as,
lity of Wales.
To the boy Caefar fend this grizled head,
And he will fill thy wifhes to the brim
With principalities. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
The little principality of Epire was invincible by the whole
power of the Turks. Temple’s Mifcellanies.
Superiority; predominance.
In the chief work of elements, water hath the principality
and excefs over earth. Digby on Bodies.
If any myrtery be effective of fpiritual bleflings, then this
is much more, as having the prerogative and principality above
every thing elfe. Tlylor’s Worthy Communicant.
Principally, adv. [from principal.] Chiefly ; above all;
above the reft.
If the minifter of divine offices fhall take upon him that
holy calling for covetous or ambitious ends, or fhall not defign the glory of God principally, he polluteth his heart. Tayl.
They wholly mirtake the nature of criticifm, who think
its bufinefs is principally to find fault. Dryden.
The refinance of water arifes principally from the vis iner¬
tia" of its matter, and by confequence, if the heavens were
as denfe as water, they would not have much lefs reliftance
than water. Newton's Opticks.
Shakefp.
Milton,
the principa4
P R I
What I principally infift on, is due execution. Swift.
Pri'ncipalness. n.f. [from principal.] I he Hate of being
principal or chief.
Pri'ncipiation. n.f. [from principium, Lat.] Analyfis into
conrtituent or elemental parts. A word not received.
The feparating of any metal into its original or element,
we will call principiation. Bacon.
Principle, n.f. [principium, Lat. principe, Fr.]
1. Element; conrtituent part; primordial fubftance.
Modern philofophers fuppofe matter to be one Ample prin¬
ciple, or folid extenfion diverfified by its various fhapes. Watts.
2. Original caufe.
Some few, whofe lamp fhone brighter, have been led.
From caufe to caufe to nature’s fecret head,
And found that one firft principle muft be. Dryden.
For the performance of this, a vital or directive principle
feemeth to be affiftant to the corporeal. Crew’s CoJmoL
3. Being productive of other being; operative caufe.
The foul of man is an aCiive principle, and will be em¬
ployed one way or other. Tillotfon's Sermons.
4. Fundamental truth ; original poftulate; firft pofition from
which others are deduced.
Touching the law of reafon, there are in it fome things
which ftand as principles univerfally agreed upon ; and out of
thofe principles, which are in themfelves evident, the greateft
moral duties we owe towards God or man, may, without
any great difficulty, be concluded. Hooker.
All of them may be called principles, when compared with
a thoufand other judgments, which we form under the regu¬
lation of thefe primary propofitions. Watts’s Logick.
5. Ground of aCtion ; motive.
Farewel, young lords; thefe warlike principles
Do not throw from you. Shakefp.
As no principle of vanity led me firft to write it, fo much
lefs does any fuch motive induce me now to publifh it. Wake.
There would be but fmall improvements in the world,
were there not fome common principle of aCtion, working
equally with all men. Addifon’s Spectator, Ntf 255.
6. Tenet on which morality is founded.
I’ll try
If yet I can fubdue thofe lfubborn principles
Of faith, of honour. Addifon’s Cato.
A feather {hooting from another’s head,
ExtraCfs his brain, and pidnciple is fled. Pope.
To Pki nciple. v. a. [from th!e noun.]
1. To eftablifh or fix in any tenet; to imprefs with any tenet
good or ill.
Wifeft and beft men full oft beguil’d.
With goodnefs principl’d not to rejeCt
The penitent, but ever to forgive,
Are drawn to wear out miferable days. Miltonr
It is the concern of his maierty, and the peace of his go¬
vernment, that the youth be principled with a thorough perlualion of the juftnels of the old king’s caufe. South.
There are fo many young perfons, upon the well and ill
principling of whom next under God, depends the happinels
or mifery of this church and ftate. South’s Sermons.
Governors fhould be weMprincipledznd good-natured. L’Ejl.
Men have been principled with an opinion, that they muft
not confult reafon in things of religion. Locke.
Let an enthufiaft be principled, that he or his teacher is infpired, and you in vain bring the evidence of clear reafons
againft his doCtrine. Locke.
He feems a fettled and principled philofopher, thanking for¬
tune for the tranquility he has by her averlion. Pope to Swift.
2. To eftablifh firmly in the mind.
The promifeuous reading of the bible is far from being of
any advantage to children, either for the perfecting their read¬
ing, or principling their religion. Locke.
Pri'ncock. ) n. f. [from prink or prim cock ; perhaps pracoxoc
Pri'ncox. j praccoquum ingenium, Lat.] A coxcomb; a
conceited perlon ; a pert young rogue.
You are a faucy boy;
This trick may chance to fcathe you I know what;
You muft contrary me ! you are a princox, go. Shakefp.
To Prink, v. n. [pronken, Dutch.] To prank; to deck lor
fhow.
Hold a good wager fhe was every day longer prinking in
the glafs than you was. Art of Tormenting.
To PRINT, v. a. [imprinter, em[reint, Fr.]
1. To mark by prefling any thing upon another.
On his fiery fteed betimes he rode,
That fcarcely prints the turf on which he trod. Dryden.
2. To imprefs any thing, fo as to leave its form.
3. 'Fo form by iinprefiion.
Your mother was moft true to wedlock, prince,
For fhe did print your royal father oft, ,
Conceiving you. Shakefp. Winter s
Ye fhall not make any cuttings in your flefh for the dead,
nor print any marks upon you. Lev. ix. 28.
Perhaps fome footfteps printed in the clay, -
Will to my love direCt your wand’ring way. Rojcmmon.
\
P R I
His royal bounty brought its own reward;
And in their minds fo deep did print the fenfe,
That if their ruins fadly they regard,
’Tis but with fear. brydert.
4.To imprefs words or make books, not by the pen, but the
prefs.
Thou haft caufed printing to be ufed ; and, contrary to the
king, his crown and dignity, built a paper-mill. Shake/p.
This nonfenfe got in by a miftake of the ftage editors, who
printed from the piecemeal written parts. Pope.
Is it probable, that a promifeuous jumble of printing letter
fhould often fall into a method, which fhould ftamp on paper
a coherent difeourfe. Locke.
As foonas he begins to fpell, pictures of animals fhould be
got him, with the printed names to them. Locke.
To Print, v. n. To publifh a book.
b rom the moment he prints, he muft expedt to hear no
more truth. _ p0pgt
Print, n. f. [empreinte, Fr.]
1. Mark or form made by impreftion.
Some more time
Muft: wear the print of his remembrance out. Sbakefp.
Abhorred Have,
Which any print of goodnefs wilt not take,
Being capable of all ill ! Shakefp. Tempejl.
Attend the foot,
Thatleaves the print of blood where’er it walks. Sbakefp.
Up they toft the fand,
No wheel feen, nor wheels print was in the mould impreft
Behind them. Chapman's Iliads.
Our life fo faft away doth Aide,
As doth an hungry eagle through the wind ;
Or as a (hip tranfported with the tide.
Which in their pafiage leave no print behind. Davies.
My life is but a wind,
Which pafteth by, and leaves no print behind. Sandys.
O’er the fmooth enamell’d green,
, O *
Where no print of ftep hath been. Milton.
While the heav’n, by the fun’s team untrod.
Hath took no print of the approaching light.
And all the fpangled hoft keep watch. Milton.
Before the lion’s den appeared the fcotfteps of many that
had gone in, but no prints of any that ever came out. South.
Winds bear me to fome barren ifland,
Where print of human feet was never feen. Dryden.
From hence Aftrea took her flight, and here
The prints of her departing fteps appear. Dryden.
If they be not fometimes renewed by repeated exercife of
the fenfes or reflection, the print wears out. Locke.
2. That which being imprefled leaves its form.
3. Pictures cut in wood or copper to be imprefled on paper. It
is ufual to fay wooden prints and copper plates.
4. Picture made by impreftion.
From my breaft I cannot tear
Thepaflion, which from thence did grow;
Nor yet out of my fancy rafe
The print of that fuppofed face. Waller.
I he prints, which we fee of antiquities, may contribute to
form our genius, and to give us great ideas. Dryden.
Words ftanding for things, fhould be exprefled by little
draughts and prints made of them. Locke.
5. The form, ftze, arrangement, or other qualities of the types
ufed in printing books.
To refrefh the former hint;
She read her maker in a fairer print. Dryden.
6. The ftate of being published by the printer.
I love a ballad in print, or a life. Sbakefp.
It is fo rare to fee
Ought that belongs to young nobility
In print, that we muft praile. Suckling.
His natural antipathy to a man, who endeavours to flgnalize
his parts in the world, has hindered many perfons from mak¬
ing their appearance in print. Addifon.
I publifhed fome tables, which were out of print. Arbuth.
The rights of the chriftian church are fcornfully trampled
on in print. Atterbury.
y. Single ftieet printed and fold.
The prints, about three days after, were filled with the
fame terms. Addifon.
The publick had faid before, that they were dull ; and they
were at great pains to purchafe room in the prints, to teftify
under their hands the truth of it. Pope.
Inform us, will the emperor treat,
Or do the prints and papers lie ? Pope.
8. Formal method.
Lay his head fometimes higher, fometimes lower, that he
may not feel every little change, who is not defigned to have
his maid lay all things in print, and tuck him in warm. Locke.
Pri'nter. n. f. [from print.]
1. One that prints books.
I find, at reading all over, to deliver to the printer, in that
which I ought to have done to comply with my delign, I am
fjdlan very fhort. bigby.
P R I
To buy books, only becaufe they were publifhel by ari
eminent printer, is much as if a man fhould buy cloaths that
did not fit him, only becaufe made by fome famous taylor.
Pope.
See, the printer's boy below ;
Ye hawkers all, your voices lift. Swift.
2. One that ftains linen.
Pri'ntless. adj. [from print.] That which leaves no impreflion.
Ye elves,
And ye, that on the fands with printlefs foot
Do chafe'the ebbing Neptune. Shakefp. ’Tempejl;
Whilft from off the waters fleet,
Thus I let my printlefs feet
O'er the cowflip’s velvet head,
That bends not as I tread. Milton.
PRPOR. adj. [prior, Lat.] Former; being before fomething
elfe ; antecedent; anterior.
Whenever tempted to do or approve any thing contrary to
the duties we are enjoined, let us reflect that we have a prior
and fuperior obligation to the commands of Chrift. Rogers.
Pri or. n.f [prieur, Fr.]
1. I he head of a convent of monks, inferior in dignity to an
abbot.
Neither fhe, nor any other, befides the prior of the con¬
vent, knew any thing of his name. Addifon's Spectator.
2. Prior is luch a perfon, as, in fome churches, prefides over
others in the fame churches. Aylffe's Parergon.
Pri oress. n.J. [from prior.] A lady fuperior of a convent
of nuns.
When you have vow’d, you muft not fpeak with men.
But in the prefence of the priorefs. Shakefp.
1 he reeve, miller and cook are diftinguifhed from each
other, as much as the mincing lady priorefs and the broad
lpeaking wife of Bath. Dryden.
Prio'rity. n.f [from prior, adj.]
1. The ftate of being firft ; precedence in time.
!tom fon to Ion of the lady, as they fhould be in priority
of birth. Hayward.
Men ftill affirm, that it killeth at a diftance, that it poifoneth by the eye, and by priority of vifion. Brown.
This obfervation may affift, in determining the difpute con¬
cerning the priority of Homer and Hefiod. Broome.
Though he oft renew’d the fight, -1
And almoft got priority of fight, v
He ne’er could overcome her quite. Swift. J
2. Precedence in place.
Follow, Cominius; we muft follow you,
Right worthy your priority. Shakefp.
Pri'orship. n. f [from prior.] The ftate or office of
prior.
Pri'ory. n.f. [from prior.]
1. A convent, in dignity below an abbey.
Our abbies and our priories fhall pay
This expedition’s charge. Shakefp. King John.
2. Priories are the churcheswhich are given to priors in titulum,
or by way of title. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Pri'sage. n.f. [fromprife.]
Prifage, now called butlerage, is a cuftom whereby the
prince challenges out of every bark loaden with wine, con¬
taining lefs than forty tuns, two tuns of wine at his price.
Cowel.
PRISM, n.f. [prifme, Fr. 7rf<rp.ot.]
A prifm of glals is a glais bounded with two equal and pa¬
rallel triangular ends, and three plain and well polifhed fides,
which meet in three parallel lines, running from the three
angles of one end, to the three angles of the other end.
Newton s Opti.ks,
Here, aweful Newton, the diflblving clouds
Form fronting, on the fun, thy fhowery prifm. Thomfon.
Prisma'tick. adj. [prifnatiqtie, Fr. from prifm.] Formed u9
a prifm.
If the mafs of the earth was cubick, prifnatick, or any
other angular figure, it would follow, that one, too vaft a
part, would be drowned, and another be dry. Derhami
Falfe eloquence, like the prifnatick glals.
Its gaudy colours fpreads on ev’ry place ;
The face of nature we no more lurvey.
All glares alike, without diftindtion gay. Pope.
Prisma tically. adv. [from prifnatick.] In the form of a
prifm.
Take notice of the pleafing variety of colours exhibited by
the triangular glafs, and demand what addition or decrement
of either fait, fulphur or mercury befalls the glafs, by being
prifnatically figured ; and yet it is known, that without that
fhape, it would not afford thofe colours as it does. Boyle.
Prismo'id. n.f [TTflo-px and uf&.] A body approaching
to the form of a prilfn. ®
PRI SON. n.f [prifon, Fr.] A ftrong hold in which perfens
are confined ; a p-aol.
He hath commiffion
To hang Cordelia in the priori. Sbakfp. Kin? Lear.
I thought
Milton.
P R I
For thofe rebellious here their prison ordaili'd.
I thought our utmoft good
Was in one word of freedom underftood.
The fatal bleffing came ; from prifon free,
I (larve abroad, and lofe the fight of Emily. Dryden.
Unkind ! can you, whom only I adore.
Set open to your Have the prifon door. Dryden.
The tyrant /Eolus,
With pow’r imperial, curbs the (Iruggling winds,
And founding tempefts in dark prifons binds. Dryden.
He, that has his chains knocked off, and the prifon doors
fet open to him, is prefently at liberty. Locke.
To Pri'son. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To emprifon ; to fhut up in hold ; to reftrain from liberty.
2. To captivate ; to enchain.
Culling their potent herbs and baleful drugs,
They, as they fung, would take the prfon'd foul,
And lap it in Elyfium. Milton.
3. To confine.
Univerfal plodding prifons up
The nimble (pints in the arteries. Shakefp.
Then did the king enlarge
The fpleen he prfon'd. Chapman s Iliads.
Pri'sonbase. n.f. A kind of rural play, commonly called
prijonhars.
The fpachies of the court play every friday at ciocho di
canni, which is no other than prifonbafe upon horfeback,
biting one another with darts, as the others do with their
hands. Sandys's Travels.
Prisoner, n.f. [prifonnier, Fr.]
1. One who is confined in hold.
Cefar’s ill-eredled tower,
To whofe flint bofom my condemned lord
Is doomed n prfoner. Shakefp. Rich. II.
The meft pernicious infection, next the plague, is the
fmell of the jail, when prifoners have been long and clofe,
and nattily kept. Bacon.
He that is tied with one (lender firing, fuch as one refolute
druggie would break, he is prfoner only to his own floth, and
who will pity his thraldom. Decay of Piety.
A prfoner is troubled, that he cannot go whither he would ;
and he that is at large is troubled, that he does not know
whither to go. L'EJlrange.
2. A captive ; one taken by the enemy.
So oft as homeward I from her depart,
I go like one that having lod the field,
is prfoner ied away with heavy heart. Spenfer.
There fucceeded an abfolute victory for the Englilh, the
taking of the Spanifla general d’Ocampo prfoner, w’ith the
lofs of few of the Englifh. Bacon.
He yielded on my word.
And as my pris’ner, I redore his fword. Dryden.
3. One under an arred.
Tribune, a guard to feize the emprefs draight.
Secure her perfon pns'ner to the date. Dryden.
Pri'sonHouse. n.f. Gaol; hold in which one is confined.
I am forbid to tell the fecrets of my prfonhoufe. Shakefp.
Pri'sonment. n.f. [from prifon.] Confinement: emprilonment; captivity.
May be he will not touch young Arthur’s life,
But hold himfelf fafe in his prifonment. Shakefp.
Pr/stine. adj. [priflinus, Lat.J Firil; ancient; original.
Now their prijline worth
The Britons recoiled!. Philips.
This light being trajedted only through the parallel fuperdcies of the two prifrns, if it fuffered any change by the refradfion of one fuperficies, it lod that impreffion by the con¬
trary refradlion of the other fuperficies, and lo, being redored to its prifine ccnditution, became of the fame nature
and condition as at fird. Newton’s Opticks.
Pri'thee. A familiar corruption of pray thee, or 1 pray thee,
which fome of thetragick writers have injudicioufly ufed.
Well, what was that feream for, I prithee ? L'EJlrange.
Alas ! why corn’ll thou at this dreadful moment.
To (hock the peace of my departing foul ?
Away ! I prithee leave me ! Rowe's Jane Shore.
Pri'vacy. n. f. [from private.']
1. State of being fecret; fecrecy.
2. Retirement; retreat.
Clamours our privacies uneafy make,
Birds leave their nefls didurb’d, and beads their haunts forfake. Dryden.
3. [Privaute, Fr.] Privity; joint knowledge; great famili¬
arity. Privacy in this fenfe is improper.
You fee Frog is religioufly true to his bargain, fcorns to
hearken to any compofition without your privacy. Arbuthnot.
4. Taciturnity. Ainfworth.
tRlVA'DO. n.f. [Spanifh.] A fecret friend.
r\ he lady Brampton, an Englifh lady, embarked for Por¬
tugal at that time, with fomepnvado of her own. Bacon.
PKPVATE. adj. [privatus, Lat.J
I.Not open; (ecret.
You (hall go with me ;
I have fome private fchooling for you hot1-.. Shakefp.
P R I
V.
Fancy retires
Into her private cell, when nature reds. Milton.
The harmlefs freedom, and the private friend. Anon.
2. Alone ; not accompanied.
3. Being upon the fame terms with the red of the community;
particular : oppofed to publick.
When publick content of the whole hath eflablifhed any
thing, every man’s judgment, being thereunto compared,
were not private, howfoever his calling be to fome kind of
publick charge ; fo that of peace and quietnefs there is not
any way poflible, unlefs the probable voice of every intirc (ociety or body politic overrule all private of like nature in the
fame body. Hooker s Preface.
He fues
To let him breathe between the heav’ns and earth,
A private man in Athens. Shakefp. Ant. and Clcop.
What infinite hearteafe mud kings negledt.
That private men enjoy ? and what have kings.
That private have not too, fave ceremony ? Shakefp.
Peter was but a private man, and not to be any way com¬
pared with the dukes of his houfe. Peacham of Antiquities.
The fird principles of chridian religion (hould not be farced
with fchool points and pi ivaie tenets. Sanderfon.
Dare you,
A private man prefume to love a queen. Dryden.
4. Particular ; not relating to the publick.
My end being private, I have not expreffed my conceptions
in the language of the lchools. Digby.
5. In Private. Secretly; not publickly ; not openly.
In private grieve, but with a carelefs fcorn ;
In publick feem to triumph, not to mourn. Granville.
Pri'vate. n. f. A fecret meffage.
His private witli me of the dauphin’s love,
Is much more general than thefe lines import. Shakefp.
Privateer, n.f. [from private.] A (hip fitted out by pri¬
vate men to plunder enemies.
He is at no charge for a fleet, further than providing pri¬
vateers, wherewith his fubjedbs carry on a pyratical war at
their own expence. Swift's Mifcellanies.
To Pri'vateer. v. a. [from the noun.] To fit out (hips
againd enemies, at the charge of private perfons.
Privately, adv. [from private.] Secretly; not openly.
There, this night,
We'll pafs the bufinefsprivately and well. Shakefp.
And as he fat upon the mount of Olives, the difciples
came unto him privately. Mat. xxiv. 3.
Pri'vateness. n. f. [from private.]
1. The date of a man in the fame rank with the red of the
community.
2. Secrecy; privacy.
Ambafladors attending the court in great number, he did
content with courtefy, reward and privatenefs. Bacon.
3. Obfcurity ; retirement.
He drew him into the fatal circle from a refolved privatenefs, where he bent his mind to a retired courfe. IPotton.
Priva tion, n. f. [privation, Fr. privatio, Lat.J
1. Removal or dedruclion of any thing or quality.
For, what is this contagious fin of kind.
But a privation of that grace within. Davies.
So bounded are our natural defires.
That wanting all, and betting pain afide.
With bar0privation fenfe is fatisfy’d. Dryden.
After fome account of good, evil will be known by confequence, as being only a privation or abfence of good. South.
A privation is the abfence of what does naturally belong
to the thing, or which ought to be prefent with it; as when
a man or horfe is deaf or dead, or a phyiician or divine un¬
learned ; thefe are privations. Watts's Logick.
2. The ad! of the mind by which, in confidering a lubjedl, we
feparate it from any thing appendant.
3. The ad! of degrading from rank or office.
If part of the people or eftate be fomewhat in the
eledlion, you cannot make them nulls or cyphers in the pri¬
vation or tranflation. Bacon.
If the privation be good, it follows not the former condi¬
tion was evil, but lefs good; for the flower or bloflom is a
pofitive good, although the remove of it, to give place to the
fruit, be a comparative good. Bacon.
PRI'VATIVE. adj. [privatif Fr. privativus, Lat.J
1. Caufing privation of any thing.
2. Confiding in the abfence of fomething ; not pofitive. Pri¬
vative is in things, what negative is in propoiitions.
The impreffion from privative to adlive, as from filence to
noife, is a greater degree than from lefs node to more. Bacon.
The very privative bleffings, the bleffings of immunity,
fafeguard, liberty and integrity, which we enjoy, deferve the
thankfgiving of a whole life. Taylor.
Priva'tive. n.f. That of which the effence is the abfence
of fomething, as filence is only the abfence of found.
Harmonical founds and difeordant founds are both adlive
and pofitive, but blacknefs and dark;icfs are indeed but priva¬
tive, and therefore have little or no activity ; fomewhat they
do contriftate, but very little. Bacons Nat. Hiji.
Pri vatively.
P R I
jpRi'vATlVELY. adv. [from privative.J By the abfence of
fomething neceflary to be prefent; negatively.
The duty of the new covenant is fetdown, firft privatively,
not like that of Mofaical obfervances external, but pofitivcly,
laws given into the minds and hearts. Hammond.
Pri'vativeness. n. f [from privative.] Notation of abfence
of fomething that fhould be prefent.
Pri'vet. n.f The leaves grow by pairs oppofite to each other ;
the flower conlifts of one leaf, is tubulous, and divided at the
top into flve fegments ; the ovary in the center of the flowercup becomes a globular foft fruit full of juice, in which are
lodged four feeds. Aliller.
Pri vet, n.f. Evergreen. It is diftinguifhed from the phillyrea
by the leaves being placed alternately upon the branches,
whereas thole of the phillyrea are produced by pairs oppofite
to each other: it hath three feeds inclofed in each berry,
whereas the phillyrea has but one. Miller.
Privilege, n.f. [privilege, Fr. privilegium, Lat.]
1.Peculiar advantage.
Here’s my fword.
Behold it is the privilege of mine honours.
My oath, and my profeflion.
He went
Invifible, yet flay’d, fuch privilege
Hath omniprefence. Miltonk
He claims his privilege, and fays ’tis fit,
Nothing fhould be the judge of wit, but wit. Denham.
Smiles, not allow’d to beafls, from reafon move.
And are the privilege of human love. Dryden.
The privilege of birth-right was a double portion. Locke.
% Immunity ; publick right.
I beg the ancient privilege of Athens. Shakefp.
A foul that can fecurely death defy,
And counts it nature’s privilege to die. Dryden.
To Privilege, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To inveft with rights or immunities ; to grant a privilege.
The great are privileg’d alone.
To punifh all injuflice but their own. Dryden.
He happier yet, who privileg’d by fate
To fhorter labour, and a lighter weight.
Receiv’d but yeflerday the gift of breath.
Ordain’d to-morrow to return to death. Prior.
2. To exempt from cenfure or danger.
The court is rather deemed as a privileged place of un¬
bridled licentioufnefs, than as the abiding of him, who, as a
father, fhould give a fatherly example. Sidney, b. ii.
He took this place for fandtuary.
And it fhall privilege him from your hands. Shakefp.
This place
*Doth privi’ege me, fpeak what reafon will. Daniel.
3. To exempt from paying tax or import.
Many things are by our laws privileged from tythes, which
by the canon law are chargeable. Hale.
Pri'vily. adv. [from privy.] Secretly; privately.
They have the profits of their lands by pretence of con¬
veyances thereof unto their privy friends, who privily fend
them the revenues. Spenjer’s State of Ireland.
Pri'vity. n.f. [privaute, Fr. from privy.]
1. Private communication.
I will unto you in privity difeover the drift of my purpofe ;
I mean thereby to fettle an eternal peace in that country, and
alio to make it very profitable to her majefty. Spenfer.
2. Confcioufnefs ; joint knowledge ; private concurrence.
The authority of higher powers have force even in thefe
thino-s which are done without their privity, and are of mean
reckoning. Hooker, b. i.f. 7.
"Upon this French going out, took he upon him,
Without the privity o’ th’ king, t’ appoint
Who fhould attend him? Skakefp. Henry VIII.
All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without
the privity of the prince of Orange, concluding thatthe king¬
dom might better be fettled in his ablence. Swift.
3. [In the plural.] Secret parts.
Few of them have any thing to cover their privities. Abbot.
PRFVY. adj. [privc, Fr.J
1. Private; not publick ; afligned to fecret ufes.
The party, ’gainft the which he doth contrive,
Shall feize on half his goods ; the other half
Comes to the privy coffer of the ftate. Shakefp.
2. Secret; clandeftine.
He took advantage of the night for fuch privy attempts,
infomuch that the bruit of his manlinels was fpread every
where. 2 Mat. viii. p.
2. Secret; not fhown.
The fword of the great men that are flam entereth into
their privy chamber. Ezek.xxi. 14.
4. Admitted to fccrets of ftate.
The king has made him
One of the privy council. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
One, having let his beard grow from the martyrdom of
king Charles I. till the reftoration, defired to be made a privy
counfellor. Spectator, N* 62<?‘
PRO
5.Confcious to any thing; admitted to participation of kno\Vledge.
Sir Valentine
This night intends to fteal away your daughter;
Myfelf am one ma^0 privy to the plot. Shakefp.
Many being privy to thefadl,
How hard is it to keep it unbetray’d ? Daniel.
He would rather lofe half of his kingdom, than be privy
to fuch a fecrct, which he commanded me never to mention.
Gulliver’s Travels.
PrFvy. n. f. Place of retirement; neceflary houfe.
Your fancy
Would ftill the fame ideas give ye,
As when you fpv’d her on the privy. Swift.
PRIZE, n. f. [prix', Fr.]
1. A reward gained by conteft with competitors.
If ever he go alone, I’ll never wrelfle for prize. Shakefp.
I fought and conquer’d, yet have loft the prize. Dryden.
The railing fuch filly competitions among the ignorant,
propofing prizes for fuch ufelefs accomplifhments, and infpiring them with fuch abfurd ideas of fuperiority, has in it
fomething immoral as well as ridiculous. Addifon.
h. A reward gained by any performance.
True poets empty fame and praife defpife.
Fame is the trumpet, but your frnile the prize-. Dryden.
3.[Prife, Fr.] Something taken by adventure ; plunder.
The king of Scots Ihe did fend to France,
To fill king Edward’s fame with prifoner kings,
And make his chronicle as rich with prize,
As is the ouzy bottom of the lea
With funkeil wreck. Shakefp. Henry V.
He acquitted himfelf like a valiant, but not like an honsft
man; for he converted the prizes to his own ufe. Arbuthnot.
Then proftrate falls, and begs with ardent eyes
Soon to obtain and long poffefs the prize:
The pow’rs gave ear. Pope.
To Prize, v. a. [from appraife ; prifer, Fr. apprechare. Lat.]
1. To rate ; to value at a certain price.
Life I prize not a draw ; but for mine honour
Which I would free. Shakefp.
Call it unto the potter; a goodly price that I was prized at
of them. Zech.x1. 13.
2. To efteem ; to value highly.
I go to free 11s both of pain ;
I priz’d your perfon, but your crown difdain. Dryden.
Some the French writers, fome our own defpife ;
The ancients only, or the moderns prize. Pope-.
Pri'zer. n.f. [prifeur, Fr. from prize.\ He that values.
It holds its eft.mate and dignity,
As well wherein ’tis precious of itfelf.
As in the prizer. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
Prizefighter, n. f. [prize and fighter.] One that fights
publickly for a reward.
Martin and Crambe engaged like prizefighters. Arb. andPo.
In Fig the prizefighter by day delight. Bramfton.
PRO. [Latin.] For ; in defence of; pro and con, for pro and
contra, for and againft. Defpicable cant.
Dodlrinal pojnts in controverfy had been agitated in the
pulpits, with more warmth than had ufed to be ; and thence
the animofity increafed in books pro and con. Clarendon.
Matthew met Richard, when
Of many knotty points they fpoke,
And pro and con by turns they took. Prior.
Probability, n.f. [prebabilitas, Lat. probability Fr. from
probable.] Likelihood ; appearance of truth ; evidence arifing
from the preponderation of argument: it is lefs than moral
certainty.
Probability is the appearance of the agreement or difagrecmentof two ideas, by the intervention of proofs, whofe con¬
nection is not conftant; but appears for the moll part to be
fo. Locke.
As for probabilities, what thing was there ever fet down fo
agreeable with Ibund reafon, but fome probable fnew againft
it might be made ? Hooker’s Preface.
If a truth be certain, and thwart intereft, it will quickly
fetch it down to but a probability ; nay, if it does not carry
with it an impregnable evidence, it will go near to debafe it to
a downright falfity. South’s Sermons.
Though moral certainty be fometimes taken for a high de¬
gree of probability, which can only produce a doubtful aflent;
yet it is alfo frequently ufed for a firm aflent to a thing upon
fuch grounds, as are fit fully to fatisfy a prudent man.
Tillotfon s Sermonse
For a perpetual motion, magnetical virtues are not without
fome fkrong probabilities of proving effectual. JVilkins.
PRO BABLE, adj. [probable, Fr. probabilis, Lat.] Likely »
having more evidence than the contrary.
The publick approbation, given by the body of this whole
chu which are eftablifhed, doth make it
but probable that they are good, and therefore unto a neceffary proof that they are not good it mult give place. Hooker.
20 M That
PRO PRO
That is accounted probable, which has better arguments pro¬
ducible for it, than can be brought againft it. South.
They affented to things, that were neither evident nor cer¬
tain, but only probable; for they converted, they merchan¬
dized upon a probable perfuafion of the honefty and truth of
thofe whom they correfponded with. Souths Sermons.
Probably, adv. [fromprobable.'] Likely; in likelihood.
Diftinguifh betwixt what may poffibly, and what will pro¬
bably be done. L EJlrange s Fables.
Our conftitution in church or Rate could not probably have
been long preferved, without luch methods. Swift.
FRO'BAT. n.f. [Latin.] The proof of wills and teftaments
of perfons deceafed in the fpiritual court, either in common
form by the oath of the executor, or with witnefies. DM.
PROBA'TION. n.f. [probation Lat. from probo, Lat. proba¬
tion^ Fr.]
I.Proof; evidence; teftimony.
Of the truth herein.
This prefent objed made probation. Shakefp. Hamlet.
He was lapt in a moft curious mantle, which, for more
probation, I can produce. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
1.The act of proving by ratiocination or teftimony.
When t'nefe principles, what is, is, and it is impoffible for
the fame thing to be, and not to be, are made ufe of in the
probation of propolitions, wherein are words {landing for
complex ideas, as man or horfe, there they make men receive
and retain falfehood for manifeft truth. Locke.
3. [Probation, Fr.] Trial; examination.
In the pradical part of knowledge, much will be left to
experience and probation, whereunto indication cannot fo
fully reach. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
4. Trial before entrance into monaftick life; noviciate.
I fuffer many things as an author militant, whereof, in
your days of probation, you have been a (barer. Pope to Swift.
Probationary, adj. [from probation.'] Serving for trial.
Probationer, n.f. [from probation.']
1. One who is upon trial.
Hear a mortal mufe thy praife rehearfe,
In no ignoble verfe ;
But fuch as thy own verfe did pradife here.
When thy firft fruits of poefy were giv’n,
To make thyfelf a welcome inmate there ;
While yet a young probationer,
And candidate of heav’n. Dryden.
Build a thoufand churches, where thefe probationers may
read their wall ledures. Sivift.
2. A novice.
This root of bitternefs was but a probationer in the foil;
and though it fet forth fome offsets to preferve its kind, yet
Satan was fain to cherilh them. Decay of Piety.
Proba'tionership. n.f [fom probationer.'] State of being
a probationer; noviciate.
He has afforded us only the twilight of probability, fuitable
to that ftate of mediocrity and probationerfhip, he has been
pleafed to place us in here, wherein to check our over-confi¬
dence. Locke.
Pro'batory, adj. [from probo, Lat.] Serving for trial.
Job’s afflidtions were no vindicatory puniffments, but pro¬
batory chaftifements to make trial of his graces. Bramhall.
PROBATUM EST. A Latin expreffion added to the end of
a receipt, fignifying it is tried or proved.
Vain the concern that you exprefs,
That uncall’d Alard will poffefs
Your houfi? and coach both day and night.
And that Macbeth was haunted lefs
By Banquo’s reftlefs fprite :
Lend him but fifty louis d’ or.
And you {hall never fee him more ;
Take my advice probatum eft ?
Why do the gods indulge our (lore, t
But to fecure our reft. _ . Prior.
Probe, n.f. [from probo, Lat.] A (lender wire by which (uigeons fearch the depth of wounds.
I made fearch with a probe. TVifeman s Surgery.
Probe-scissors, n. f. [probe and fcijfor.] Scifiors ufed to open
wounds, of which the blade thruil into the orifice has a button
at the end. _
The finus was fnipt up with probe-feiffors. Wifeman.
To Probe, v. a. [probo, Lat,] To fearch ; to try by an inftrument.
Nothing can be more painful, than to probe and fearch a
purulent old fore to the bottom. South s Sermons.
He’d raife a bluff, where fecret vice he found ;
And tickle, while he gently prob'd the wound. Dryden.
Pro'bity.n.f. [probite. Fr. probitas, Lat.] Honefty; finccrity ; veracity.
The truth of our Lord’s afeenfion, might be deduced from
the probity ok theapoftles. Fiddes's Sermons.
So near approach we their celeftial kind,
By juftice, truth, and probity .ok mind. Pope.
PROBLEM, n.f [probleme, Fr. Trffigripx.] A queflion propofed.
The problem is, whether a man conftantly and ftrongly be¬
lieving, that fuch a thing (hall be, it doth help any thing to
the efteding of the thing. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
Although in general one underftood colours, yet were it not
an eafy problem to refolve, why grafs is green ? Brown.
This problem let philofophers refolve,
What makes the globe from Weft to Eaft revolve. Blackin'.
Problematical, adj. [from problem; problematique, Fr.]
Uncertain ; unfettled ; difputed ; difputable.
I promifed no better arguments than might be expeded in
a point problematical. Boyle.
Diligent enquiries into remote and problematical guilt, leave
a gate wide open to the whole tribe of informers. Swift.
Problematically, adv. [from problematical.'] Uncertainly.
Probo'scis. n.f. [probofeis, Lat.] A fnout; the trunk of an
elephant; but it is ufed alfo for the fame part in every crea¬
ture, that bears any refemblance thereunto.
The elephant wreath’d to make them fport
His lithe probofeis. Milton.
Proca'cious. adj. [proeax, Lat.] Petulant; loofe. Dift.
Proca'city. n.f. [from procacious.] Petulance. Ditt.
Procata'rctick. adj. [ir^oxalapffxof.] Forerunning; an¬
tecedent. See Procatarxis.
James IV. of Scotland, falling away in his Heff, without
the precedence of any procatarbtick caufe, was fuddenly cured
by decharming the witchcraft. Harvey on Confumptions.
The phyfician enquires into the procatardiick caufes. Harv.
Procata'rxis. n.f. [^tectTa^t?.]
Procatarxis is the pre-exiftent caufe of a difeafe, which co¬
operates with others that are fubfequent, whether internal or
external ; as anger or heat of climate, which bring fuch an
ill difpofition of the juices, as occafion a fever : the ill difpofition being the immediate caufe, and the bad air the procatartick caufe. Afuincy,
Procedure, n.f. [procedure, Fr. from proceed.]
1. Manner of proceeding; management; condud:
This is the true procedure of confcience, always fuppofing
a law from God, before it lays obligation upon man. South.
2. Ad of proceeding ; progrefs ; procefs ; operation.
Although the diftindion of thefe feveral procedures of the
foul do not always appear diftind, efpecially in fudden adions,
yet in adions of weight, all thefe have their diftind order
and procedure. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
3. Produce ; thing produced.
No known fubftance, but earth and the procedures of earth,
as tile and (lone, yieldeth any mofs or herby fubftance. Bacon.
To PROCEE'D. v. n. [procedo, Lat. proceder, Fr.]
1. To pafs from one thing or place to another.
Adam
Proceeded thus to afk his heav’nly gueft.
Then to the prelude of a war proceeds ;
His horns, yet fore, he tries againft a tree.
I fhall proceed to more complex ideas.
2. To go forward; to tend to the end defigned.
Temp’rately proceed to what you would
Thus violently redrefs. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Thefe things, when they proceed not, they go backward.
Benj. Jobnjon's Catiline.
3. To come forth from a place or from a fender.
1 proceeded forth and came from God ; neither came I of
myfelf, but he fent me. Jo. viii. 42.
4. To go or march in ftate.
He afk’d a clear ftage for his mufe to proceed in. Anon.
5. To iffue ; to arife ; to be the effed of; to be produced from.
A dagger of the mind, a falfe creation
Proceeding from the heat oppreffed brain. Shakefp. Macbeth.
From me what proceed
But all corrupt, both mind and will both deprav’d. Milt.
All this proceeded not from any want of knowledge. Dryd.
6. To profecute any defign.
He that proceeds upon other principles, in his enquiry into
any fciences, polls himfelf in a party. Locke.
Since huftandry is of large extent, the poet Tingles out
fuch precepts to proceed on, as are capable of ornament. Addif.
7. To be tranfaded ; to be carried on.
He will, after his four faffion tell you.
What hath proceeded worthy note to-day. Shakefp.
8. To make progrefs ; to advance.
Violence
Proceeded, and oppreffion and fword law
Through all the plain. Milton.
9. To carry on juridical procefs.
Proceed by procefe, left parties break out.
And fack great Rome with Romans. Shakefp.
Inftead of a (hip, to levy upon his county iuch a imn of
money for his majefty’s ufe, with diredion in what manner he
ffould proceed againft fuch as refufed. ^ Clarendon.
To judgment he proceeded on th accus d. Milion.
10. To tranfad; toad; to carry on any affair methodically.
From them I will not hide
My judgments, how with mankind 1 proceed;
As how with peccant angels late they faw.
Milton.
Dryden.
Locke.
6
M'dton.
How
PROHow feverely with themfelves proceed,
The men who write fuch verie as who can read ?
Their own ftrid! judges, not a word they (pare.
That wants or force, or light, or weight, or care. Pope.
i i. To take effedt; to have its courfe.
This rule only proceeds and takes place, when a pcrfon can¬
not of common law condemn another by his fentence. Ayliff'e.
12. To be propagated ; to come by generation.
From my loins thou lhalt proceed. Milton.
13. To be produced by the original efficient caufe.
O Adam, one Almighty is, from whom
All things proceed, and up to him return. Milton.
Proceed, n. J. [from the verb.] Produce: as, ^proceeds
of cm ejlate. Ciu, .jja. Not an mutable word, thouph much
filed in law writings*
Procee der. n.J. [ttom proceed.] One who goes forward ;
one who makes a progrefs.
He that leeketh victory over his nature, let him not fet himfelf too great nor too fmall talks ; for the firft will make him
dejected by o.ten failing; and the fecond will make him a
fmall proceeder, though by often prevailings. Bacon.
Procee'ding. n. f. [precede, Fr. from proceed.]
1. Progress from one thing to another; feries of Conduit;
tranfaction.
I’ll acquaint our duteous citizens,
With all your juft proceedings in this cafe. Sbakefp.
My dear iove
To your proceedings bids me tell you this. Shakefp.
The underftanding brought to knowledge by decrees, and,
in fuch a geiieral proceeding, nothing is hard. ° Locke.
It is a veiy unutual proceeding, and I would not have been
guilty of it for the world. Arbuthnot's Hift. of J. Bull
From the earlieft ages* of chriftianity, there never was a
precedent of fuch a proceeding. ” Swift.
2. Legal procedure : as, fuch are the proceedings at law.
Procellous. adj. [procellofus, Lat.j Tempeftuous. Didt.
Proce'ption. n.f Preoccupation ; ait of’taking fomething
fooner than another. A word not in ufe.
Having fo little power to offend others, that I have none to
preferve what is mine own from theirproception. King Charles.
Proce'ritv. n.f. [from procerus, Lat.j Talnefs ; height of
ftature.
We fhall make attempts to lengthen out the humane figure,
and reftore it to its ancient procerity. AddiJ'on.
Pro'cess. n.f. [proces, Fr. procejjiis, Latin.]
1. Tendency; progreffive courfe.
That there is iomewhat higher than either of thefe two,
no other proof doth need, than the very procefs of man’s de¬
fire, which being natural fhould be fruftrate, if there were
not fome farther thing wherein it might reft at the length
contented, which in the former it cannot do. Hooter.
2. Regular and gradual progrefs.
Commend me to your honourable wife ;
Tell her the procefs of Antonio’s end ;
Say how I lov’d you ; fpeak me fair in death. Shakefp.
They declared unto him the whole procefs of that war, and
with what fuccels they had endured Ensiles.
Immediate are the ails of God, more fwift
Than time or motion ; but to human ears
Cannot without procefs of fpeech be told. Milton.
Saturnian Juno
Attends the fatal procefs of the war. Dryden.
In the parable of the wafteful fteward, we have a lively
image of the force and procefs of this temptation. Rogers.
3. Courfe ; continual flux or paffage.
I have been your wife, in this obedience.
Upward of twenty years; if in the courfe
And procefs of this time you can report,
And prove it too againft mine honour aught,
Turn me away. _ . Shakefp. Henry VIII-.
This neither empire rife,
Ey policy and long procefs of time. Milton.
Many afts of parliament have, in long procefs of timej
been loft, and the things forgotten. Hale's Law of England.
4. Methodical management of any thino-.
Experiments, familiar to chymifts, are unknown to the
learned, who never read chymical proceffes. Boyle.
A11 age they live releas’d
From all the labour, procefs, clamour, woe,
Which our fad feenes of daily a&ion know. Print5. Courfe of law.
Proceed by procefs.
Left parties, as he is belov’d, break out. Shakefp.
Allproceffes ecclefiaftical fhould be made in the king’s name
as in writs at the common Jaw. Hayward.
The patricians they chofe for their patrons, to anfwer for
their appearance, and defend them in any procefs. Swift.
PROCE'SSION. n.f. [proceffion, Fr. proceffio, Lat.j A train
marching in ceremonious folemnity.
If there be caufe for the church to go forth in foiemn pro¬
ceffion, his whole family have fuch bulinefs come upon them,
that no one can be fpared. Hooker.
Him all his train
Follow’d in bright proceffion* Milton.
Drydinn.
PRO
’Tis theproceffion of a funeral vow,
Which cruel Jaws to Indian wives allow.
The priefts, Potitius at their head,
In ficins of beafts involv’d, the longproceffion led. Dryden.
When this vaft congregation was formed into a Regular proceffon to attend the ark of the covenant, the king marched at
the head of his people, with hymns and dances. AddiJ'on.
It is to be hoped, that the perfons of wealth, who made
their proceffion through the members of thefe new eredied feniinaries, will contribute to their maintenance. Addifon.
1 he Ethiopians held an annual facrifice of twelve days to
the Gods ; all that time they carried their images in proceff‘on-> and placed them at their feftivals. Broome.
o Pkoce ssion. v. n. [from the noun. ] To go in proceffion.
A low word. b
Proce ssional, adj. [from proceffion.] Relating to proceffion.
Proce ssionary. adj. [from proceffion.] Conilfting in pro¬
ceffion.
Rogations^ or litanies were then the very ftrength and com¬
fort of God’s church; whereupon, in the year 506, it was
by the council of Aurelia decreed, that the whole church
mould beftow yearly at the feaft of pentecoft, three days in
that proceffionary fervice. LLooker.
“ ao chronism. n.f [tt^o^ooW//,©-3.] An error in chrono-
°gy > a dating a thing before it happened. • Diet.
PROCIDENCE. n.f [procidentia, Lat.j Falling down; de¬
pendence below its natural place.
Procinct. n.f [procindtus, Lat J Complete preparation;
preparation brought to the point of adtion.
} When alhthe plain
Cover d with thick imbattl’d fquadrons bright,
Chariots, and flaming arms, and fiery fteeds,
Reflecting blaze on blaze, firft met his view,
'T p rC P?rwiV’d’ war in precis. Milton.
To PkGCLAl'M. v. a. [proclamo, Lat. prodarner, Fr.j
1‘ ^ promulgate or denounce by a foiemn or legal publication,
nen thou comeft mgh unto a city to fight againft it, pro¬
claim peace unto it. 0 Deut.xx.iQ.
I proclaim a liberty for you, faith the Lord, to the fword
and to the pefhlence 4r
^ per. xxxtv. 17.
Heralds
hh trumpet’s found, throughout the hoft proclaim.
w?.n?ncounci'- ‘ Milm.
_ hue m another’s name you peace declare,
rincefs, you in your own proclaim a war. Dryden.
ohe to the palace led her gueft,
Phen offer’d incenfe, proclaim'd * feaft. Dryden.
2. x o tell openly.
Some profligate wretches, were the apprehenfions of pui mer?t:S./.01 foame taken away, would as openly proclaim
their atheifm, as their lives do. * Locke.
c. nile the deatblefs mufe
Shall fing the juft, fhall o’er their head diffufe
Perfumes with lavi/h hand, fhe fhall proclaim
1 hy cranes alone. Prior.
3» To outlaw by publick denunciation.
I heard myfelf proclaimed. Shakefp.
authorit^*’ ^om Proclaim-] One that publifhes by
J
The great proclaimcr, with a voice
ore awful than the found of trumpet, cry’d
epentance, and heaven’s kingdom nigh at hand
o a baptiz d. Milton's Paradife Regain'd.
Roclama tion. n.f [proclamatio, Lat. proclamation, Fr.
from proclaim.J
I- Publifcation by authority,
2. A declaration of the king’s will openly publifhed amon^ the
people. 0
If the king fent a proclamation for their repair to their
houfes, fome nobleman publifhed a proteftation againft thofe
proclam*,om. “Clarendon,
1 Rocli vity. n.f [prochvitas, proclivis, Lat.j
lm Fendency ; natural inclination ; propenfion ; pronenefs.
I he fenfmve appetite may engender a proclivity to ftea!,
but not a neceffity to fteal. Bramhall againft Hobbs.
2. Keadinefs ; facility of attaining.
PL had fuch a dextrous proclivity, as his teachers were fain
to reftrain his forwardnefs, that his brothers might keen pace
witn him. , if/..
T, , .. _ tPotton.
Procli vous. adj. [proclivis, Lat.j Inclined; tending bv
nature.
PROCO NbUL. n.f [Latin.] A Roman officer; who r>oveined a province wiLh confular authority.
Lvery child knoweth how dear the works of Homer were
to Alexander, Virgil to Auguftus, Antonins to Gratian, who
' tW Richard11- and Gower to
P\°oC,X~ie- n'!‘ The office oHfofer • to delnv • r,. w r ' J^ro 'rn';l^r, Lat.j 1 o de¬ fer, to de ay , to pm oft from day to day.
Hopelcls and heljlefs doth rEgeon wind,
Eut to procrajhnate his ltielefs end. Shakefp.
Let
I
PRO
Let men ferioufly and attentively liften to that voice Within
them, and they will certainly need no other medium to con¬
vince them, either of the error or danger of thus procraftinating their repentance. Decay of Piety.
To Procrastinate, v. n. To be dilatory.
I procrajlinate more than I did twenty years ago, and have
feveral things to finifb, which I put oft to twenty years
hence. . . Swift to Pope.
Procrastination, n. f. [procrajlinatio, Lat. from prociajiinate.] Delay; dilatorinefs. , .
How defperate the hazard of fuch procrafmotion is, hath
been convincingly demonftrated by better pens. D. of Piety.
Procrastina'tor. n. f. [from procrajlinate.] A dilatory
perfon.
Pro'creant. ad), [pvocrccinsi Lat.J Productive \ pregnant*
The temple haunting martlet, does approve
By his lov’d manfionrv, that heaven’s breath
Smells wooingly here : no jutting frieze,
But this bird
Hath made his pendant bed, and procreant cradle. Shakefp.
To PRO'CREATE. v. a. [procreo, Lat. procreer, Fr.] To
generate ; to produce.
Flies crufhed and corrupted, when inclofed in fuch veffels,
did never procreate a new fly. Benticy.
Since the earth retains her fruitful power.
To procreate plants the foreft to reftore ;
Say, why to nobler animals alone
Should lhe be feeble, and unfruitful grown. Blackmore.
Procrea'tion. n. f. [procreation, Fr. procreatio, Lat. from
precreate.] Generation ; production.
The enclofed warmth, which the earth hath in itfelf,
ftirred up by the heat of the fun, aflifteth nature in the fpeedier
procreation of thofe varieties, which the earth bringeth forth.
Raleigh's Hift. of the World.
Neither her outfide form’d fo fair, nor ought
In procreation common to all kinds. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Uncleannefs is an unlawful gratification of the appetite of
procreation. South's Sermons.
Pro'creative. adj. [from procreate.'] Generative $ produc¬
tive.
The ordinary period of the human procreative faculty in
males is fixty-five, in females forty-five. Hale.
Pro'creativeness. n. f. [from procreative.] Power of ge¬
neration.
Thefe feem to have the accurft privilege of propagating
and not expiring, and have reconciled the procreativenefs of
corporeal, with the duration of incorporeal fubltances..
Decay of Piety.
Procrea'tor, n.f [from procreate.] Generator; begetter.
PRO CTOR* n.f [contracted from procurator, Lat.]
j-. A manager of another man’s affairs.
The moil clamorous for this pretended reformation, are
either atheifts, or elfe proRors fuborned by atheifts, Hooker.
2. An attorney in the fpiritual court.
I find him charging the inconveniencies in the payment
of tythes upon the clergy and proRors. Swift.
3. The magiftrate of the univerfity.
To Pro'ctor. v. a. [from the noun.] To manage. A cant
word.
I cannot proRor mine own caufc fo well
To make it clear. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Pro'ctorship. n.f [fromproRor.] Office or dignity of a
proClor.
From a fcholar he became a fellow, and the prefident of
the college, after he had received all the graces and degrees,
the proRorJhip and the doClorfhip. Clarendon.
Procu'mbent. adj. [procumbens, Latin.] Lying down;
prone.
Procurable, adj. [from procure.] To be procured ; obtain¬
able ; acquirable.
Though it be a far more common and procurable liquor
than the infufion of lignum nephriticum, it may yet be eaiily fubftituted in its room. Boyle on Colours.
Pro'curacy. n.f. [from procure.] The management of any
thing.
Procuration, n.f. [from procure.] The a£t of procuring.
Thofe, who formerly were doubtful in this matter, upon
ftriCt and repeated infpeClion of thefe bodies, and procuration
of plain fliells from this ifland, are now convinced, that thefe
are the remains of lea-animals. JVoodward s Hat. Hijl.
Procurator, n. f [procurateur, Fr. from procuro, Lat.]
Manager ; one who tranlads affairs for another.
I had in charge at my depart from France,
As procurator for your excellence,
To marry princels Marg’ret for your grace. Shakefp.
They confirm and leal
Their undertaking with their deareft blood,
As procurators for the commonweal. Daniel.
When the procurators of king Antigonus impofed a rate
upon the fick people, that came to Edepfum to drink the
waters which were lately fprung, and were very healthful,
they inftantly dried up. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
5
PRO
Procurato'rial. adj. [from procurator.] Made by a proftor.
All procuratorial exceptions ought to be made before conteftation of fuit, and not afterwards, as being dilatory ex¬
ceptions, if a prodlor was then made and conftituted. Ayliffe.
Procu'ratory. adj. [from procurator.] 1 ending to procura¬
tion.
To PROCU'RE. v. a. [procuro, Lat. procurer, Fr.]
1. To manage; to tranfad for another.
2. To obtain ; to acquire.
They fhall fear and tremble, for all the profperity that I
procure unto it. fer. xxxiii. q.
Happy though but ill.
If vet procure not to ourfelves more woe. Milton.
We no other pains endure.
Than thofe that we ourfelves procure. Dryden.
Then by thy toil procur'd, thou food fhalt eat. Dyden.
3. To perfuade ; to prevail on.
Is it my lady mother ?
What unaccuftom d caufe procures her hither ? Shakefp,
Whom nothing can procure,
When the wide world runs biafs, from his will
To writhe his limbs, and fhare, not mend the ill. Herbert.
4. To contrive ; to forward.
Proceed, Salinus, to procure my fall,
And by the doom of death end woes and all. Shakefp.
To Pro'cure. v. n. To bawd ; to pimp.
Our author calls colouring, lena fororis, in plain Englifh,
the bawd of her After, the defign or drawing: fhe cloaths,
fhe drefles her up, fhe paints her, fhe makes her appear more
lovely than naturally fhe is, fhe procures for the defign, and
makes lovers for her. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
With what impatience muff the mufe behold.
The wife by her procuring hufband fold. Dryden,
Procurement, n.f. Thea&of procuring.
They mourn your ruin as their proper fate,
Curfing the emprefs ; for they think it done
By her procurement. Dryden's Aurengz.
Procu'rer. n.f. [from procure.]
1. One that gains ; obtainer.
Angling"was after tedious ftudy, a moderator of pafljons,
and a procurer of contentednefs. Walton's Angler.
2. Pimp ; pandar;
Strumpets in their youth, turn procurers in their age. South.
Procu'RESs. n.f. [from procure.] A bawd.
I faw the moft artful procurefs in town, feducing a young
girl, SpeRator.
PRODIGAL, adj. [prodigus, Lat. prodigue, Fr.] Profufe;
wafteful ; expenfive ; lavifh ; not frugal; not parcimonious.
Leaft I fhould feem over prodigal \n the praife of my coun¬
trymen, I will only prefent you with fome fewverfes. Camd.
Be now as prodigal of all dear grace.
As nature was in making graces dear.
When fhe did ftarve the general world befide.
And prodigally gave them all to you. Shakefp.
My chief care
Is to come fairly off from the great debts.
Wherein my time, fomething too prodigal,
Hath left me gaged. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
Diogenes did beg more of a prodigal man than the reft ;
whereupon one faid, fee your bafenefs, that when you find
a liberal mind, you will take moft of him; no, faid Dioge¬
nes, but I mean to beg of the reft again. Bacon.
Asa hero, whom his bafer foes
In troops furround ; now thefe affails, now thofe.
Though prodigal of life, difdains to die
By common hands. Denham.
Here patriots live, who for their country’s good,
In fighting fields •wereprodigal of blood. Dryden.
The prodigal of foul rufn’d on the ftroke
Of lifted weapons, and did wounds provoke. Dryden.
O ! beware,
Great warrior, nor too prodigal of life,
Expofe the Britifh fafety. Philips.
Some people are prodigal of their blood, and others fo fparing, as if fo much life and blood went together. Baker.
Pro'Digal. n.f. A waller; a fpendthrift.
A beggar fuddenly grown rich, becomes a prodigal-, for to
obfeure his former obfeurity, he puts on riot and excefs.
Benj. fohnfan's Difcovcry.
Thou
Ow’ft all thy Ioffes to the fates; but I,
Like wafteful prodigals, have caft away
My happinefs. Denham's Sophy.
Let the wafteful prodigal be (lain. Dryden.
Prodiga'lity. n.f. [prodigalitc, Fr. from prodigal.] Extra¬
vagance ; profufion ; wafte ; exceffive liberality.
A fweeter and lovelier gentleman,
Fram’d in the prodigality of nature,
The fpacious world cannot again afford. Shakefp:
He that decries covetoufnefs, fhould not be held an adverfary to him that oppofeth prodigality. Glanvit.
It
\
PRO
It is not always fo obvious to diftirtguifh between an aft of
liberality and ad of prodigality. South’s Sermons.
The molt f'evere cenfor cannot but be pleated with the prod' alitv of his wit, though at the fame time he could have
wifhed, that the mafter of it had been a better manager. Dry.
Pro digally, adv. [from prodigal.] Profufely ; waftefully ;
extravagantly. , , .
\Ve are not yet to wretched in our fortunes,
I«Jor in our wills fo loft, as to abandon
A friendfhip prodigally, of that price
As is the fenate and the people of Rome. B. Johnfon.
I cannot well be thought fo prodigally thirfty of my fubjefls
blood, as to venture my own life. King Charles.
The next in place and punifhment are they,
Who prodigally throw their fouls away ;
Fools, who repining at their wretched ftate,
And loathing anxious life, fuborn’d their fate. Dryden.
Nature not bounteous now, but lavifh grows,
Our paths with flow’rs fhe prodigally ftrows. Dryden.
PRODIGIOUS, adj [prodidojus, Lat. prodigieux, Fr.] Ama¬
zing ; aftonili ing ; fuch as may feem a prodigy ; portentous ;
enormous ; monttrous ; amazingly great.
If e’er he have a child, abortive be it.
Prodigious and untimely brought to light. Shakefp.
An emiffion of immateriate virtues we are a little doubtful
to propound, it being fo prodigious ; but that it is conftantly
avouched by many. Bacon s Nat, Hijl.
It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear fky. Broum.
Then entring at the gate.
Conceal’d in clouds, prodigious to relate,
He mix’d, unmark’d, among the bufy throng. Dryden.
The Rhone enters the lake, and brings along with it a
prodigious quantity of water. Addijon s Remarks on Italy.
It is a fcandal to chriltianity, that in towns, where there
is a prodigious increafe in the number of houfes and inhabi¬
tants, fo little care fhould be taken for churches. Swift.
Prodigiously, adv. [from prodigious.]
1. Amazingly; aftonifhingly ; portentouily; enormou/ly.
I do not mean abfolutely according to philofophick exaefnefs infinite, but only infinite or innumerable as to us, or their
number prodigioujly great. Ray on the Creation.
2. It is fometimes ufed as a familiar hyperbole.
I am prodigioufly pleafed with this joint volume. Pope.
Prodi GIOUSNESS. n.f [from prodigious.] Enormoufnefs;
portentoufnefs ; amazing qualities.
Pro DlGY. n. f. [prodige. Fr. prodigiutn, Lat.]
j. Any thing out of the ordinary procefs of nature, from which
omens are drawn ; portent.
Be no more an exhal’d meteor,
A prodigy of fear, and a portent
Of broached mifehief, to the unborn times. Shakefp.
The party oppofite to our lettlement, feem to be driven
out of all hunn.n methods, and are reduced to the poor com¬
fort of prodigies and old womens fables. Addijon.
2. Monfter.
Moft of mankind, through their own fluggifhnefs, become
nature’s prodigies, not her children. Benj. Johnfor.
3. Any thing aftonifhing for good or bad.
They would feem of learning. Spectator,
Prodi'tiox. n.f. [proditio, Lat.] Treafon ; treachery. Ain.
PRG'DITCR. n.J. [Latin.] A traytor. Not in ufe.
Piel’d prieft, doft thou command me be fhut out ?
—I do, thou moft ufurping proditor. Shakefp.
Prodito Rious. adj. [from proditor, Lat.]
1. Trayterous; treacherous; perfidious.
Now proditorious wretch ! what haft thou done,
To make this barb’rous bafe affafTmate ? Daniel.
2. Apt to make difeoveries.
Solid and conclufive characters are emergent from the mind,
and ftart out of children when themfelves leaft think of it;
for nature is proditorious. IVitton on Education.
To PRODU'CE. v. a. [produco, Lat. produire, Fr.]
I# To offer to the view or notice.
Produce your caule, faith the Lord ; bring forth your ftrong
reafons. Ifa. xli. 21.
2. To exhibit to the publick.
Your parents did not produce you much into the world,
whereby you avoided many wrong fteps. Swift.
3. To bring as an evidence.
]t feems not meet, nor wholefome to my place,
To be produc’d againft the Moor. Shakefp. Othello.
JL. To bear; to bring forth, as a vegetable.
This foil produces all forts of palm-trees. Sandys.
r To caufe; to effect; to generate ; to beget. #
Somewhat is produced of nothing ; for lyes are fufficient to
breed opinion, and opinion brings on fubftance. Bacon.
They by imprudence mix’d
Produce prodigious births of body or mind. N,.,'
Thou all this good of evil fhalt produce. Milton.
Clouds may rain, and rain produce
Fruits in her loften’d foil. Milton.
PRO
Obferving in ourfelves, that we can at pleafure move feveral parts of our bodies ; the effects alfo, that natural bodies
are able to produce in one another, occurirtg every moment to
our fenfes, we both thefe ways get the idea of power. Eocke.
Hinder light but from ftriking on porphyre, and its colours
vanifh, it no longer produces any luch ideas; upon the return
of light, it produces thefe appearances again. Locke.
This wonder of the fculptor’s hand
Produc’d, his ayt was at a ftand. Addifon.
Produce, n.f [from the verb. This noun, though accented
on the laft fyllable by Dryden, is generally accented on the
former.]
1. Produdt; that which any thing yields or brings.
You hoard not health for your own private ufe,
But on the publick fpend the rich produce. _ Dryden.
2. Amount; profit; gain ; emergent fum or quantity.
In Staffordfhire, after their lands are marled, they fow it
with barley, allowing three bufhels to an acre. Its common
produce is thirty bufhels. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
This tax has already been fo often tried, that we know the
exact produce of it. Addijons Freeholders’Ll0 20.
Producent. n.f. [from produce.] One that exhibits; one
that offers.
If an inftrument be produced with a proteftation in favour
of the producent, and the adverfe party does not contradict,
it fhall be conftrued to the advantage of the producent. Aylijfe.
Produ'cer. n.f. [from, produce.] One that generates or pro¬
duces.
By examining how I, that could contribute nothing to mine
own being, fhould be here, I came to afk the fame queftion
for my father, and fo am led in a diret line to a firfkproducer
that mult be more than man. suckling.
Whenever want of money, or want of defire in the confumer, make the price low, that immediately reaches the firft:
producer. Locke.
Producible, adj. [from produce.]
1. Such as may be exhibited.
That is accounted probable, which has better arguments
producible for it, than can be brought againft it. South.
Many warm expreflions of the fathers are producible in this
cafe. Decay of Piety.
2. Such as may be generated oi>'madei
The falts producible, are the alcalis or fixt falts, which feem
to have an antipathy with acid ones. Boyle.
Produ'cibleness. n. f. [from producible.] The ftate of
being producible.
To confirm our dotrine of the produciblenefs of falts, Helmont allures us, that by Paracelfus’s fal circulatum folid bo¬
dies, particularly ftones, may be tranfmuted into atual fait
equiponderant. Boyle.
Product, n.f. [produCtus, Lat. produit, Fr ]
1. Something produced, as fruits, grain, metals.
The landholder, having nothing but what the product of
his land will yield, mull take the market-rate. Locke.
Our Britifh products are of fuch kinds and quantities, as
can turn the balance of trade to our advantage. Addifon.
Range in the fame quarter, the products of the fame feafon.
Spectator.
See thy bright altars
Heap’d with theproducts of Sabsan fpring9. Pope.
2. Work ; compoiition.
Moft of thofe books, which have obtained great reputation
in the world, are the products of great and wile men. IVatts.
3. Thing confequential; eftet.
Thefe are the product
Of thofe ill-mated marriages. Milton’s Par. Lof.
Produ'ctile. adj. [from produco, Lat.] Which may be pro¬
duced.
Production, n.f. [production,Yr. from product.]
1. The at of producing.
A painter fhould forefee the harmony of the lights and
fhadows, taking from each of them that which will moft con¬
duce to the production of a beautiful effet. Dryden.
2. The thing produced ; fruit; product.
The beft of queens and beft of herbs we owe
To that bold nation, which the way did fhow
To the fair region, where the fun does rife,
Whole rich productions we fo juftly prize. Waller.
What would become of the fcrofulous confumptive pro¬
duction, furnifhed by our men of wit and learning. Swift.
3. Compofition.
We have had our names prefixed at length, to whole vo¬
lumes of mean productions. Swift.
Productive, adj. [from produce.] Having the power to pro¬
duce ; fertile ; generative ; efficient.
In thee
Not in themfelves, all their known virtue appears
Productive as in herb and plant. Milton.
This is turning nobility unto a principle of virtue, and
making it productive of merit, as it is underftood to have
been originally a reward of it. Spectator, N° 537.
20 N
PRO
Be thou my aid, my tuneful fong infpir£“)
And kindle, with thy own productive fire. Dryden.
If the productive fat of the marl be fpent, it is not capable
of being mended with new. Mortimer.
Numbers of Scots are glad to exchange their barren hills
for our fruitful vales fo productive of that grain. Swift.
Hymen’s flames like ftars unite,
And burn for ever one ;
Chafte as cold Cynthia’s virgin light,
•Productive as the fun. Poper
Plutarch, in his life of Thefeus, fays, that that age was
productive of men of prodigious ftature. Broome.
Pro'em. n.f [vgoofiov prooemium, Lat. proeme, old Fr.J
Preface; introduction.
So gloz’d the tempter, and his proem tun’d. Milton.
Thus much may ferve by way of proem,
Proceed we therefore to our poem. Swift's Mifcel.
Juftinian has, in the proem to the digefts, only prefixed
the term of five years for ftudying the laws. Aylijfe.
Profana'tion. n.f [profanation,¥r. from profano, Lat.J
1. The aft of violating any thing facred.
He knew how bold men are to take even from God himfelf; how hardly that houfe would be kept from impious profanation he knew. Hooker, b.v.f. 12.
What I am and what I would, are to your ears, divinity ;
to any others, profanation. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
’Tv/ere profanation of our joys,
To tell the laity our love. Donne.
All profanation and invafion of things facred, is an offence
againfl the eternal law of nature. South.
Others think I ought not to have tranflated Chaucer : they
fuppofe a veneration due to his old language, and that it is little
lefs than profanation and facrilege to alter it. Dryden.
2. Irreverence to holy things or perfons.
Great men may jeft with faints, ’tis wit in them;
But, in the lefs, foul profanation. Shakefp.
PROFA'NE. adj. [profane, Fr. from profanus, Lat.J
1. Irreverent to facred names or things.
Profane fellow !
Wert thou the fon of Jupiter, and no more
But what thou art befides, thou wert too bafe
To be his groom. Shakefp. Cymheline.
Thefe have caufed the weak to (tumble, and the profane to
blafpheme, offending the one, and hardening the other. South.
2. Not facred ; fecular.
The univerfality of the deluge is attefted by profane hiftory ;
for the fame of it is gone through the earth, and there are
records or traditions concerning it in all the parts of this and
the new-found world. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
3. Polluted ; not pure.
Nothing is profane that ferveth to holy things. Raleigh,
4. Not purified by holy rites.
Far hence be fouls profane.
The Sibyl cry’d, and from the grove abftain. Dryden.
To Profa'ne. v. a. [profano, Lat. profaner, Fr.J
1. To violate ; to pollute.
He then, that is not furnifh’d in this fort.
Doth but ufurp the facred name of knight.
Profaning this moft honourable order. Shakefp.
Foretafted fruit
Profan'd firft by the ferpent, by him firft
Made common and unhallow’d. Milton.
Pity the temple profaned of ungodly men. 2 Mac. viii. 2.
How far have we
Profan'd thy heav’nly gift of poefy ?
Made proftitute and profligate the mufe.
Debas’d. Dryden.
2. To put to wrong ufe.
I feel me much to blame.
So idly to profane the precious time. Shakefp.
Profa nely, adv. [from profane.'] With irreverence to facred
names or things.
I will hold my tongue no more, as touching their wickednefs, which they profanely commit. 2 EJdr. xv. 8.
Let none of things ferious, much lefs of divine,
When belly and head’s full, profanely difpute. B. Johnf.
That proud fcholar, intending to ereft altars to Virgil,
fpeaks of Homer too profanely. Broome’s Notes on the Odyjfey.
Profa'ner. n. f. [from profane.] Polluter; violater.
The argument which our Saviour ufeth againfl: profaners of
the temple, he taketh from the ufe whereunto it was with folemnity confecrated. Hooker, b.v.f 12.
Rebellious fubjefts, enemies to peace,
Profaners of this neighbour ftained fteel. Shakefp.
"1 here are a lighter ludicrous fort of profaners, who ufe the
feripture to furnifh out their jefts. Gov. of the Tongue.
Profaneness. n. f. [from profane.] Irreverence of what is
facred.
Apollo, pardon
My great profanenefs ’gainft thy oracle ! Shakefp.
You can banifh from thence feurrility and profanenefs, and
reftrain the licentious infolence of poets and their aftors. Dry.
l
PRO
Edifts againfl immorality and profanenefs, laws againfl
oaths and execrations, we trample upon. Atterburyi
Profe'ction, n.f [profeCtio, Lat.J Advance; progreffion.
This, with projection of the horofcope unto the feventh
houfe or oppofite figns, every feventh year oppreffeth living
natures. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To PROFESS, v. a. [prof'ffer, Fr. from profejfus, Lat.J
1. To declare himfelf in ftrong terms of any opinion or paflion.
Would you have me ipeak after my cuflom.
As being a profefs’d tyrant to their fex. Shakefp.
Pretending firft
Wife to fly pain, profejfmg next the fpy. Milton.
A fervant to thy lex, a Have to thee,
A foe profejl to barren chaftity. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
2. To make a fhowof any fentiments by loud declaration.
Love well your father ;
To your profejfmg bofoms I commit him. Shakefp.
3. To declare publickly one’s fkill in any art or feience, fo as
to invite employment.
What, mafter, read you ? firft refolve me that.
—I read that \ profefs the art of love. Shakefp.
Without eyes thou ihalt want light; profefs notthe know¬
ledge therefore that thou haft not. Ecclus iii. 25.
To Profe'ss. v. n.
1. To declare openly.
The day almoft itfelf profeffes yours,
And little is to do. Shakefp. Macbeth.
They profefs, that they know God, but in works they
deny him. Tit. i. 16.
Profefs unto the Lord, that I am come unto the country,
which the Lord fware unto our fathers. Deutr. xxvi. 3.
2. To declare friendfhip. Not in ufe.
As he does conceive,
He is difhonour’d by a man, which ever
Profefs'd to him ; why, his revenges muft
In that be made more bitter. Shakefp.
Professedly, adv. [from profejfed.J According to open de¬
claration made by himfelf.
I could not grant too much to men, that being profeffcdly
my fubjefts, pretended religious ftriftnefs. King Charles.
Virgil, whom he profejjedly imitated, has furpaiied him
among the Romans. Dryden s Dedication to Juvenal.
England I travelled over, profejjedly fearching all places I
palled along. Woodward.
Profession, n.f. [profejjion, Fr. from profefs.]
1. Calling ; vocation ; known employment.
I muft tell you,
You tender more your perfon’s honour, than
Your high profeffion fpiritual. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
If we confound arts with the abufe of them, we fhall con¬
demn all honeft trades ; for there are that deceive in all profejftons, and bury in forgetfulnefs all knowledge. Raleigh.
Some of our profejfion keep wounds tented. JVifeman.
No other one race, not the fons of any one other profef¬
fion, not perhaps altogether, are fo much fcattered amongft
all profejfions, as the fons of clergymen. Sprat's Sermons.
This is a praftice, in which multitudes, befides thofe of
the learned profejfions, may be engaged. JVatts.
2. Declaration.
A naked profejfion may have credit, where no other evi¬
dence can be given. Glanvill’s Scepf.
Moft profligately falfe, with the ftrongeft profejfions of fincerity. Swift.
3. The aft of declaring one’s felf of any party or opinion.
For by oil in their lamps, and the firft lighting of them,
which was common to them both, is meant that folemn pro¬
fejfion of faith and repentance, which all chriftians make in
baptifm. Tillotfon's Sermons.
When chriftianity came to be taken up, for the fake of
thofe civil encouragements which attended their profejfion, the
complaint was applicable to chriftians. Sivift.
Professional, adj. [from profejfion.] Relating to a particular
calling or profeffion.
Profeffional, as well as national, reflections are to be
avoided. Clarijfa.
Professor, n.f. [profejfcur, Fr. from profefs.]
1. One who declares himfelf of any opinion or party.
When the holinefs of the profejfors of religion is decayed
you may doubt the fpringing up of a new feft. Bacon s EjJ'ays.
2. One who publickly praftifes or teaches an art.
Profejfors in moft fciences, are generally the worft qualified
to explain their meanings to thole who are not of their
tribes. Swift.
3. One who is vifibly religious.
Ordinary illiterate people, who were profejfors, that fhewed
a concern for religion, feemed much converiant in St. Paul’s
Epiftles. LoJie.
Professorship, n.f. [fromprof'ejfor.] The Ration or office
of a publick. teacher.
Dr. Prideaux lucceeded him in tht profejforJhip, being then
elefted bifhop of Worcefter, Sanderfon fucceeded him in the
regius profejjorjhip. JValton.
~ ' J To PRO FFER.
PRO PRO
To PROFFER. V. a. £profero, Lat. prefertr, Fr.]
1. To propofc ; to offer.
To them that covet fuch eye-glutting gain,
Proffer thy gifts, and fitter fervants entertain. Fairy Queen.
None, among the choice and prime
Of thofe heav’n-warring champions, could be found
So hardy as to proffer, or accept
Alone, the dreadful voyage. Milton's Par. Loft.
Does Cato fend this anfwer back to Caffar,
For all his generous cares and proffer'd friendfhip. Addif
2. To attempt. Ainfworth.
Pro ffer, n.f. [from the verb.]
x. Offer made; fomething propofed to acceptance.
Bafilius, content to take that, fince he could have no more,
allowed her reafons, and took her proffer thankfully. Sidney.
Proffers, not took, reap thanks for their reward. Shakelp.
The king
Great proffers fends of pardon and of grace,
If they would yield, and quietnefs embrace. Daniel.
He made a proffer to lay down his commiflion of command
in the army. Clarendon.
But thefe, nor all the proffers you can make.
Are worth the heifer which I fet to ftake. Dryden.
2. Effay ; attempt.
It is done with time, and by little and little, and with
many effays and proffers. Bacon's Effays.
Pro'fferer. n.f. [from proffer.] He that offers.
Maids, in modefty, fay no, to that
Which they would have the proff'rer conftrue ay. Shakefp.
He who always refufes, taxes the proffered with indiferetion, and declares his afliftance needlefs. Collier.
Profi'cience. 7n.f. [from proficio, Lat.] Profit; advanceProfi'ciency. ) ment in any thing; improvement gained.
It is applied to intellectual acquifition.
Perfons of riper years, who flocked into the church during
the three firft centuries, were obliged to pafs through inftructions, and give account of their proficiency. Addifon.
Some reflecting with too much fatisfaCtion on their own
proficiencies, or prefuming on their election by God, perfuade
themfelves into a carelefs fecurity. Rogers's Sermons.
Profi'cient. n.f. £proficiens, Lat.] One who has made ad¬
vances in any ftudy or bufinefs.
I am fo good a proficient in one quarter of an hour, that I
can drink with any tinker in his own language. Shakefp.
I am difpofed to receive further light in this matter, from
thofe whom it will be no difparagement for much greater pro¬
ficients than I to learn. Boyle.
Young deathlings were, by praCtice, made
Proficients in their father’s trade. Sivift's Mifcel.
Profi'cuous. adj. £proficuus, Lat.] Advantageous; ufeful.
It is very proficuous, to take a good large dofe. Harvey.
To future times
Proficuous, fuch a race of men produce,
As in the caufe of virtue firm, may fix
Her throne inviolate. Philips:
Profi'le. n.f. [profile, Fr.] The fide face ; half face.
The painter will not take that fide of the face, which has
fome notorious blemifh in it; but either draw it in profile, or
elfe fhadow the more imperfect fide. Dryden.
Till the end of the third century, I have not feen a Roman
emperor drawn with a full face : they always appear in profile,
which gives us the view of a head very majeftic. Addifon.
PROTIT. n.f £profit, Fr.]
1. Gain; pecuniary advantage.
Thou muff know,
*Tis not my profit that does lead mine honour. Shakefp.
He thinks it highly juft, that all rewards of truft, profit, or
dignity fhould be given only to thofe, whofe principles direct
them to preferve the conftitution. Swift.
2. Advantage: acceflion of good.
What profit is it for men now to live in heavinefs, and
after death to look for punifhment ? 2 Efdr. vii. 47.
W ifdom that is hid, and trealure that is hoarded up, what
profit is in them both ? Eccluf xx. 30.
Say not what profit is there of my fervice ; and what good
things fhall I have hereafter. Eccluf. xi. 23.
The king did not love the barren wars with Scotland,
though he made his profit of the noife of them. Bacon.
3. Improvement; advancement; proficiency.
To Pro fit, v. a. £profiter, Fr.]
1. To benefit; to advantage.
Whereto might the ftrength of their hands profit me. Job.
Let it profit thee to have heard,
By terrible example, the reward
Of difobedience. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
2. To improve; to advance.
'Tis a great means of profiting yourfelf, to copy diligently
excellent pieces and beautiful defigns. Dryden.
To Pro'fit. v. n.
I. To gain advantage.
The Romans, though poffeffed of their ports, did not profit
much by trade. Arbuthnot on Coins%
2. To make improvement.
Meditate upon thefe things, give thyfelf wholly to them;
that thy profiting may appear to all. I Tim. iv. 15.
She has profited fo well already by your counfel, that fhe
can fay her lelfon. Dryden's Spanifh Fryar.
3. To be of ufe or advantage.
Oft times nothing profits more;
Than felf-efteem grounded on juft and right. Milton.
What profited thy thoughts, and toils, and cares,
In vigour more confirm’d, and riper years ? Prior.
Profitable, adj. [profitable, Fr. from profit-.]
1. Gainful; lucrative.
A pound of man’s flefh, taken from a man*
Is not fo eftimable or profitable,
As flefh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shakefp.
The planting of hop-yards, fowing of wheat arid rapefeed, are found very profitable for the planters, in places apt
for them, and confocpiently profitable for the kingdom. Bacorn
2. Ufeful; advantageous.
To wail friends loft
Is not by much fo wholefome, profitable,
As to rejoice at friends but newly found. Shakefp.
Then Judas, thinking indeed that they would ho profitable
in many things, granted them peace. 2 Mac. xii.
What was fo profitable to the empire, became fatal to the
emperor. Arbuthnot on Coins.
ProFitableness. n.f. [fromprofitable.]
1. Gainfulnefs.
2. Ufefulnefs ; advantageoufnefs.
We will now briefly take notice of the profitablenefs of
plants for phyficlc and food. More's Antidote againjl Atheifm-.
What fhall be the juft portion of thofe, whom neither the
condefcenfion or kindnefs, nor wounds and fufferings of the
fon of God could perfuade, nor yet the excellency, eafinefs
and profitablenefs of his commands invite ? Calamy's Sermons*
Pro'fitably. adv. [from profitable.]
1. Gainfully.
2. Advantageoufly; ufefully.
You have had many opportunities to fettle this reflection,
and have profitably employed them. Wake.
Profitless, adj. [from profit.] Void of gain or advantage.
We muft not think the Turk is fo unfkilful.
To leave that lateft, which concerns him firft;
Neglecting an attempt of eafe and gain,
To wake and wage a danger profitlefs. Shakefp.
PROTLIGATE. adj. [profligatus, Lat.] Abandoned; loft
to virtue and decency ; fhamelefs.
Time fenfibly all things impairs ;
Our fathers have been worfe than theirs.
And we than ours ; next age will fee
A race more profligate than we,
With all the pains we take, have fkill enough to be. Rofc.
How far have we
Prophan’d thy heav’nly gift of poefy ?
Made proftitute and profligate the mufe.
Debas’d to each obfeene and impious ufe,
Whofe harmony was firft ordain’d above
For tongues of angels, and for hymns of love. Dryden;
Though Phalaris his brazen bull were there.
And he wou’d dictate what he’d have you fwear.
Be not fo profligate, but rather chufe
To guard your honour, and your life to lofe. Dryderi.
Melancholy objeCts and fubjeCts will, at times, imprefs
the moft profligate fpirits. Clariffa.
ProFligate. n.f. An abandoned fhamelefs wretch.
It is pleafant to fee a notorious profligate feized vvith a con¬
cern for his religion, and converting his fpleen into zeal. Add.
I have heard a profligate offer much ftronger arguments
againft paying his debts, than ever he was known to do againft
chriftianity; becaufe he happened to be clofer preffed by the
bailiff than the parfon. Swift's Mijcellanies.
How could fuch a profligate as Antony, or a boy of
eighteen, like OCtavius, ever dare to dream of giving the
law to fuch an empire and people. Swift.
To ProFligate. v. a. [profiigo, Lat.] To drive away. A
word borrowed from the Latin without alteration of the fenfe;
but not ufed.
Lavatories, to wafh the temples, hands, wrifts, and ju¬
gulars, do potently profligate and keep off the venom. Harv.
ProFligately. adv. [from profiitate.] Sharrielefly.
Moft profligately falfe, with the ftrongeft profeflions of
fincerity. Swift's Mifcellaniesi
TroFligateness. n. f [from profligate.] The quality of
being profligate. 3
ProFlu ence. n.f. [from profluent.] Progrefs ; courfe.
In the profluence or proceedings of their fortunes, there was
much difference between them. Wottom
PRO FLUENT. adj. [from profiuens, Lat.] Flowing forward.-
leach all nations what of him they learn’d.
And his falvation ; them who fhall believe
Baptizing in the profluent ftream, the figit
Of wafhing them from guilt of fin. Milton*
PRQ'FQUND.
J
PRO
PROFO'UND. adj. [profond, Fr. profundus, Lat ]
1. Deep ; defcending far below the fiirface ; low with refped to
the neighbouring places.
All elfe deep fnow and ice,
A gulf profound, as that Serbonian bog
Betwixt Damiata and mount Cafius old. Milton.
He hath hither thruft me down
Into this gloom of Tartarus profound. Milton.
2. Intellectually deep ; not obvious to the mind; not ealily fa¬
thomed by the mind : as, a profound treatije.
-2. Lowly ; humble ; fubmifs j fubmiffive.
What words wilt thou ufe to move thy God to hear thee .
what humble geftures ? what profound reverence ? Duppa.
a. Learned beyond the common reach ; knowing to the bottom.
Not orators only with the people, but even the very ptofoundejl dilputers in all faculties, have hereby often, with the
beft learned, prevailed moft. Hooker, b. n. J. 7.
5. Deep in contrivance. T
The revolters are profound to ma<ee slaughter, though 1
have been a rebuker of them. Hojea v. 2.
Profo'und. n.f
X. The deep ; the main ; the fea.
God, in the fathomlefs profound,
Hath all his choice commanders drown’d. Sandys.
Now I die abfent in the vaft profound;
And me without mylelf the feas have drown’d. Dryden.
2. The abyfs.
If feme other place th’ ethereal king
Poffeffes lately, thither to arrive,
I travel this profound. Milton s Par. Loft, b. ii.
To Profo'und. v. n. [from the noun.j i 0 dive; to pene¬
trate. A barbarous word.
We cannot profound into the hidden things of nature, nor
fee the firft fprings that fet the reft a-going. Glanvil.
Profo'undly. adj. [from propound.']
1. Deeply ; with deep concern.
Why figh you fo profoundly ? Shakefp.
The virgin ftarted at her father’s name.
And figh’d profoundly, confcious of the fliame. Dryden.
2. With great degrees of knowledge ; with deep infight.
Domenichino was profoundly fkill d in all the parts ol paint¬
ing, but wanting genius, he had lefs of noblenefs. Dryden.
Profo^un DNtss. n.y. [from profound.]
3. Depth of place.
2. Depth of knowledge.
Their wits, which did every where elfe conquer hardnefs,
were with profoundnefs here over-matched. Hooker.
Profundity, n. f. [from profound.] Depth of place or
knowledge.
The other turn’d
Round through the vaft profundity obfeure. Milton.
PROFU'SE. adj. [profufus, Lat.] Lavifh; too liberal; pro¬
digal ; overabounding; exuberant.
On a green fhady bank, profife of flow’rs,
Penfive I°fat. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. viii.
Oh liberty, thou goddefs heav’nly bright,
Profufe of blifs, and pregnant with delight. _ Addifon.
One long dead has a due proportion of praife ; .in which,
whilft he lived, his friends were too profufe, and his enemies
too Iparing.
Profusely. adv. [from profufe.]
1. Lavifhly ; prodigally.
2. With exuberance.
Then fpring the living herbs profufely wild. Thomjcn.
Profu'seness. n.f [from profufe.] Lavifhnefs; prodigality.
One of a mean fortune manages his ftore with extreme
parfimony; but, with fear of running into profuftnejs, never
arrives to the magnificence of living. . Dryden.
Profufenefs of doing good, a foul unfatisfied with all it has
done, and an unextinguifhed defire of doing more. Dryden.
Hofpitality fometimes degenerates into profufenefs, and encs
in madnefs and folly. Atterburfs Sermons.
Profusion, n.f. [profufio, Lat. profufion, Fr. fromprofuje.]
1. Lavifhnefs; prodigality; extravagance. .
What meant thy pompous progrefs through the empire .
Thy vaft projufion to the fadious nobles. Rowe.
2. Lavifh expence ; fuperfluous effufion. tin.
He was defirous to avoid not only profufion, but the leak
effufion of chriftian blood. Hayward.
The great profufion and expence .
Of his revenues bred him much oftence. Daniil.
3. Abundance ; exuberant plenty.
Trade is fitted to the nature of our country, as it abounds
with a great profufion of commodities of its own growth,
very convenient for other countries. Addifon.
The raptur’d eye,
The fair profufion, yellow Autumn fpies. Thomfon.
To Prog. v. n.
I. To rob ; to fteal.
2 To fhift meanly for provifions. A low word.
She went outprogging for provifions as before. VEjlr.
Prog, n f [from the verb.] Vidiuals; provifion of any
" kind. A low word..
PRO
O nephew ! your grief is but folly,
In town you may find better prog. y Swift s Mfcel.
Spoule tuckt up doth in pattens trudge it, )
With handkerchief of prog, like trull with budget; >
And eat by turns plumcake and judge it. Congreve. )
Progenera'tion. n.f. [progenero, Lat.] The act o! be¬
getting ; propagation.
Proge'nitor. n.f. [progenitus, Lat.] A forefather; an anceftor in a diredt line.
Although thefe things be already paft away by her progenitors
former grants unto thofe lords, yet I could find a way to re¬
medy a great part thereof. Spenfers tate of Ireland.
Like true fubjedts, fons of your progenitors,
Go chearfully together. Shakefp.
All generations had hither come.
From all the ends of th’ Earth, to celebrate
And reverence thee, their great progenitor. Milton.
Power by right of fatherhood is not poffible in any one,
otherwile than as Adam’s heir, or as progenitor over his own
descendants. Locke.
The principal adiors in Milton’s poem are not only our
progenitors, but reprefentatives. _ ^ci“\Jon'
Pro geny, n.j. [progenie, old Fr. progenies, Lat.] Offspring;
race ; generation.
The fons of God have God’s own natural fon as a fecond
Adam from heaven, whofe race and progeny they are by. spi¬
ritual and heavenly birth. Hooker, b. v. J. 56.
Not me begotten of a fhepherd fwain.
But liiu'd from the progeny of kings. Shakefp.
By promile he receives
Gift to his progeny of all that land. Milton.
The bale degenerate iron offspring ends ;
A golden progeny from heav’n defeends. Dryden.
Thus lhall we live in perfect blifs, and fee
Deathleis ourfelves, our num’rous progeny. Dryden.
We are the more pleafed to behold the throne furrounded
by a numerous progeny, when vie confider the virtues of thoie
from whom they defeend. Addifon s Freeholder.
Prognosticable, adj. [fromprognosticate.] Such as maybe
foreknown or foretold.
The- caufes of this inundation cannot be regular, and
therefore their effedts not prognojlicable like eclipfes. Braun.
To Prognosticate, v. a. [from prognojtick.] T o foretell;
to forefhow. '
He had now outlived the day, which his tutor Sandford had
prognoficated upon his nativity he would not outlive. Ctarend.
Unfkili’d in fchemes by planets to forefhow,
I neither will, nor can prognojlicate,
To the young gaping heir, his father’s fate. Dryden.
Prognostica tion, n.f [from prognojlicate.]
1. The act of foreknowing or forefhowing.
If an oily palm be not a fruitful prognojiication, I cannot
frratch mine ear. ohakej'p. Antony and Cleopati a.
Raw as he is, and in the hotteft day prognojiication pro¬
claims, (hall he be fet againft a brick-wall, the fun looking
with a fouthward eye upon him, wnere he is to behold him,
with flies blown to death. Shakefp. Winters \tdie.
This theory of the earth begins to be a kind of prophecy
or prognojiication of things to come, as it hath been hitheito
an hiftory of things paft. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. Foretoken.
He bid him farewell, arming himfelf in a blac.c arrnour,
as a bado-e or prognojiication of his mind. Sidney.
Prognostica'toR. n.f. [horn prognojlicate.] Foreteller;
foreknower. . *
That aftrologer, who made his almanack give a tolerable
account of the weather by a diredl inverlion of the common
prognojlicators, to let his belief run quite counter to reports.
° Government or the Tongue.
PROGNO'STICK. adj. [prognojlique, Fr. Tr^o^tiwnxo?.] Fore¬
tokening difeafe or recovery ; torefhowing : as, a prognoftick
fign. *
PrognoStick. n.f [from the adj.]
1. The fkill of foretelling difeafes or the event of difeafes.
Hippocrates’s prognojhck is generally true, that it is very
hard to refolve a (mail apoplexy. Arbuthnot.
2. A predidtion.
Though your prognojlicks run too faft, ‘
They muft be verify’d at laft. Swift.
3. A token forerunning.
Whatloever you are or (hall be, has been but an ea.y Pr3p
nojlick from what you were. ^ouW‘
Careful obfervers ? e, */>
Bv fure prognojlicks may foretell a fhow r. ^ J
PRO GRESS, n.f [progres, Fr. from progrejfus, Lat.J
I, Courfe ; proceHion ; paflage.
I cannot, by the progrefs of the ftars.
Give guefs how near to-day. Shakejp. Julius L^ar.
The morn begins
Her rofy progrefs fmiling.
The Sylphs behold it kindling as it flies, _
And pleas’d purfue its progrefs through the (kies. Mp*.
r r 2. Advancement*
PRO
2. Advancement; motion forward.
Through all thy veins fhall run
A cold and drowzy humour, which fhall feizc
Each vital fpirit; for no pulfe fhall keep
His nat’ral progrefs, but furceafc to beat. . Shakefp.
This motion worketh in round at firft, which way to de¬
liver itfclf; and then worketh in progress, where it findeth
the deliverance eafieft. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
Out of Ethiopia beyond Egypt had been a ftrange progrefs
for ten hundred thoufand men. Raleigh's Hiji. of the World.
Whofoever underftands the progrefs and revolutions of na¬
ture, will fee that neither the prefent form of the earth, nor
its firft form, were permanent and immutable. Burnet.
It is impoffible the mind ftiould ever be flopped in its pro¬
grefs in this fpace. Locke.
The bounds of all body we have no difficulty to arrive at;
but when the mind is there, it finds nothing to hinder its
progrefs into the endlefs expanlion. Locke.
Perhaps I judge haftily, there being feveral, in whofe wri¬
tings I have made very little progrefs. Swift's MiJ'ccl.
2.Intellectual improvement; advancement in knowledge.
Solon the wife his progrefs never ceas’d.
But ftill his learning with his days increas’d. Denham.
It is ftrange, that men fhould not have made more progrefs
in the knowledge of thefe things. Burnet.
Several defeats in the underftanding hinder it in its progrefs
to knowledge. Locke.
Others defpond at the firft difficulty, and conclude, that
making any progrefs in knowledge, farther than ferves their
ordinary bufinefs, is above their capacities. Locke.
4. Removal from one place to another.
From Egvpt arts their progrefs made to Greece,
Wraptin the fable of the golden fleece. Denham.
5. A journey of ftate ; a circuit.
He o-ave order, that there fhould be nothing in his journey
like unto a warlike march, but rather like unto the progrefs of
a king in full peace. Bacon.
O may I live to hail the day,
When the glad nation fhall iurvey
Their fov’reign, through his wide command,
Faffing inprogrefs o’er the land. Addifon.
To Progress, v. n. [progredior, Lat.] To move forward ;
to pafs. Not ufed.
Let me wipe off this honourable dew.
That filverly doth progrefs on thy cheeks. Shakefp.
Progression, n.f [progrejfion, Fr. progreffio, Lat.]
1. Procefs ; regular and gradual advance.
The fquares of the diameters of thefe rings, made by any
prifmatick colour, were in arithmetical progrejfton. Newton.
2. Motion forward.
Thofe worthies, who endeavour the advancement of learn¬
ing, are likely to find a clearer progrejfton, when fo many
rubs are levelled. Brown's Vidgar Errours.
In philofophical enquiries, the order of nature fhould go¬
vern, which in all progrejfton is to go from the place one is
then in, to that which lies next to it. Locke.
3. Courfe ; paffage.
He hath fram’d a letter, which accidentally, or by the way
of progrejfton, hath mifearried. Shakefp.
4. Intellectual advance.
For the faving the long progrejfton of the thoughts to firft
principles, the mind fhould provide feveral intermediate prin¬
ciples. Locke.
pR gre'ssional. adj. [from progrejfton.] Such as are in a
ftate of encreafe or advance.
They maintain their accomplifhed ends, and relapfe not
ao-ain unto their progreffonal imperfections. Brown.
Progressive, adj. [progreffif., Fr. from progrefs.] Going
forward ; advancing.
Princes, if they ufe ambitious men, fhould handle it fo,,
as they be ftill progreffive, and not retrograde. Bacon.
In progreffive motion, the arms and legs move fucccffively ;
but in natation, both together. Brown's Vidgar Errours.
The progrejftve motion of this animal is made not by walk¬
ing, but by leaping. Ray on the Creation.
Their courfe
Progreffive, retrograde, or ftanding ftill. Milton.
Ere the progrejftve courfe of reftlefs age
Performs three thoufand times its annual ftage.
May not our pow’r and learning be fuppreft.
And arts and empire learn to travel weft ? Prior.
Progressively, adv. [from progreJJ:.vs.] By gradual fteps
or rc^ul&r courfe*
The reafon why they fall in that order, from the greateft
mails trozreffively to the leaft, is, becaufe the greateft epaCts
denote a ^greater diftance of the moon before the fun, and
ccnfequently a nearer approach to conjunction. Holder
Progre'ssiveness. n.f [fromprogrejftve.] The ftate of ad¬
vancing. v ,
To PROHPBIT. v. a. [prohbeo, Lat. prohiber, rr.J
I.To forbid ; to interdict by authority. . , t
She would not let them know of his clofe lying in that
Prohibited place, becaufe they would be offended, Sidney,
PRO
The weightieft, which it did command them, are to us in
the gofpel prohibited. Hooker, b. iv.f. ii.
2.To debar; to hinder.
Gates of burning adamant
Bar’d over us, prohibit all egrefs. _ Milton.
Prohi'biter. n. f. [from prohibit.J Poibidder ; inteidiClcr.
Prohibition, n.f [prohibition, b r. prohibitio, Lat. from^>r<jhibit.] Forbiddance ; interdict; a& of forbidding.
Might there not be fome other myftery in this prohibition,
than they think of? Hooker, b. iv.f 6.
’Gainft felf-flaughter
There is a prohibition fo divine,
That cravens my weak hand. Shakefp. Cymbcline,
He beftowed the liberal choice of all things, with one only
prohibition, to try his obedience. Raleigh's Hiji. ofthe JVmid.
Let us not think hard
One eafy prohibition, who enjoy
Free leave fo large to all things elfe. Milton's Par. Lofl.
The law of God in the ten commandments confifts moftly
of prohibitions ; thou fhalt not do fuch a thing. TdlotJ'on.
Prohibitory, adj. [from prohibit.] Implying prohibition ;
forbidding.
A prohibition will lie on this ftatute, notwithftanding the
penalty annexed ; becaufe it has words prohibitory, as well as
a penalty annexed. Aylijfe's Parergon.
To PROJE'CT. v. a. [projicio, projcCius, Lat.]
1. To throw out; to call forward.
Th’ afeending villas
ProjeCt long fhadows o’er the cryftal tide. Pope.
2. To exhibit a form, as of the image thrown onagnirrour.
Diftufive of themfelves where e’er they pafs.
They make that warmth in others they expeCt;
Their valour works like bodies on a glafs.
And does its image on their men project. Dryden.
If we had a plan of the naked lines of longitude and lati¬
tude, projected on the meridian, a learner might much more
fpeedily advance himfelf in the knowledge of geography.
JVatts's Improvement of the Mind.
3. [Projetter, Fr.] To fcheme ; to form in the mind ; to con¬
trive.
It ceafes to be counfel, to compel men to aflent to what¬
ever tumultuary patrons fhall project. King Charles.
What fit we then projecting peace and war ? Milton.
What defire, by which nature projects its own pleafure or*
prefervation, can be gratified by another man’s perfonal purfuit of his own vice ? South's Sermons.
To Project, v.n. To jut out; to {hoot forward ; to fhoot
beyond fomething next it.
Pro'ject. n.f. [projet, Fr. from the verb.] Scheme; defign; contrivance.
It is a difcovering the longitude, and deferves a much
higher name than that of a project. Addifon's Guardian.
In the various projects of happinefs, devifed by human rea¬
fon, there ftill appeared inconfiftencies not to be reconciled.
Rogers's Sermons.
Proje'ctile. n.f. [from the adj.] A body put in motion.
ProjeCiils would for ever move on in the lame right line, did
not the air, their own gravity, or the ruggednefs of the plane
flop their motion. Cheyne's Philof. Principles.
Proje'ctile. adj. [projectile, Fr.] Impelled forward.
Good blood, and a due projectile motion or circulation are
neceflary to convert the aliment into laudable juices. Arbuth,
Projection, n.f. [fromproject.]
1. The aCt of fhooting forwards.
If the eleCtrick be held unto the light, many particles
thereof will be difeharged from it, which motion is performed
by the breath of the effluvium ifluing with agility; for as
the eleCtrick cooleth, the projection of the atoms ceafeth.
Brown.
2. [Projection, Fr.] Plan ; delineation. See to PROJECT.
For the bulk of the learners of aftronomy, that projection
of the liars is beft, which includes in it all the liars in our
horizon, reaching to the 38 £ degree of the fouthern lati¬
tude. Watts's Improvement of the Mincl.
3. Scheme ; plan of aCtion.
4. [Projection, Fr.] In chemiftry, an operation ; crifis of an
operation; moment of tranfinutation.
A little quantity of the medicine, in the projection, will
turn a fea of the bafer metal into gold by multiplying. Bacon,
Proje'ctor. n.f. [fromproject.]
1. One who forms lchemes or defigns.
The following comes from a projector, a correfpondent as
diverting as a traveller; his fubjeCt having the fame grace of
novelty to recommend it. Addifon.
Among all the projectors in this attempt, none have met
with fo general a fuccefs, as they who apply themfelves to
foften the rigour of the precept. Rogers's Sermons.
2. One who forms wild impracticable fchemes.
Chymilts, and other projectors, propole to themfelves things
utterly impracticable. L'Eflrange.
Aftrologers that future fates forefhew,
Projectors, quacks, and lawyers not a few. Pope.
20 O Pro-
PRO PRO
Proje'cture. n,f [projedure, Fr. projdlura, Lat.] A jutting
out.
To Proin. v. a. [a corruption of prune.] To lop ; to cut;
to trim ; to prune.
I fit and proin my wings
After flight, and put new flings
To my fhafts. i %enj' Johnfon.
The country hufbandman will not.give theproining knife to
a young plant, as not able to admit the fear. B. Johnfon.
To Prola'te. v.-a. [prolatum, Lat.] To pronounce j to
utter.
The preflitres of war have fomewhat cowed their fpirits,
as may be gathered from the accent of their words, which
they prolate in a whining querulous tone, as if ftill complain¬
ing and creft-fallen. Howel.
Prola te, adj. [prolatus, Lat.] Oblate ; flat.
As to the prolate fpheroidical figure, though it be the neceflary refult of the earth’s rotation about its own axe, yet it
is alio very convenient lor us. Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
Prola'tion. n. fi. [prolatus, Lat.]
1. Pronunciation; utterance.
Parrots, having been ufed to be fed at the prolation of cer¬
tain words, may afterwards pronounce the fame. Ray.
2. Delay; aft of deferring. Ainfworth.
Prolegomena, n.f [ngoXsyfinvoi; prolegomenes, Fr.] Pre¬
vious difeourfe; introductory obfervations.
PROLE'PSIS. n. f. [7rgoXyij/is ; prolepfe, Fr.] A form of
rhetorick, in which objections are anticipated.
This was contained in my prolepfis or prevention of his
anfwer. Bramhall againjl Hobbs.
Prole'ptical. adj. [from prolepfis.] Previous; antecedent.
The proleptical notions of religion cannot be fo well de¬
fended by the profeffed fervants of the altar. Glanvil.
Prole'ftically. adv. [from proleptical.] By way of antici¬
pation. Clarfifa.
Proletarian, adj. Mean; wretched; vile; vulgar.
Like fpeculators fhould forefee.
From pharos of authority.
Portended mifehiefs farther than
Low proletarian tything-men. Hudibras, p. i.
Prolifica'tion. n. f. [proles andfacio, Lat.] Generation of
children.
Their fruits, proceeding from fimpler roots, are not fo diftinguiftiable as the offspring of fenfible creatures, and prolificaiions defeending from double origins. Brown.
PROLFFICK. } adj. [prolfique, Fr. proles andfacio.] FruitPROLFFICAL. } ful; generative ; pregnant ; productive.
Main ocean flow’d ; not idle, but with warm
Prolifick humour foft’ning all her globe,
Fermented the great mother to conceive.
Satiate with genial moifture. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Every difpute in religion grewprolijical, and in ventilating
one queftion, many new ones were ftarted. Decay of Piety.
His vital pow’r air, earth and feas fupplies,
And breeds whate’er is bred beneath the Ikies ;'
For every kind, by thyprofick might,
Springs. Dryden.
All dogs are of one fpecies, they mingling together in ge¬
neration, and the breed of luch mixtures being prolifick. Ray.
From the middle of the world.
The fun’s prolifick rays are hurl’d ;
’Tis from that feat he darts thofe beams.
Which quicken earth with genial flames. Prior.
Prolifically. adv. [from prolifick.] Fruitfully; pregnantly.
PROLTX. adj. [prolixe, Fr. prolixus, Latin.]
1. Long; tedious; not concife.
According to the caution we have been fo prolix in giving,
if we aim at right underftanding the true nature of it, we
muft examine what apprehenfion mankind make of it. Digby.
Should I at large repeat
The bead-roll of her vicious tricks,
My poem would be too prolix. Prior.
2. Of long duration. This is a very rare fenfe.
If the appellant appoints a term too prolix, the judge may
then aflign a competent term. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Prolixious. adj. [from prolix.] Dilatory; tedious. A
word of Shakefpeare's coining.
Lay by all nicety and prolixious blufiies. Shakefp.
Proli xity, n.f. [prdixitc, Fr. from prolix.] Tedioufnefs ;
tirefome length ; want of brevity.
It is true, without any flips of prolixity, or eroding the plain
highway of talk, that the good Anthonio hath loft a fhip.
Shakefp. Merchant of Vmice.
In fome other paffages, I may have, to fliun prolixity,
unawares flipt into the contrary extreme. Boyle.
Proli'xly. adv. [from prolix.] At great length ; tedioufly.
On thefe prolixly thankful fhe enlarg’d. Dryden.
Prolixness. n.J. [from prolix.] Tedioufiiefs.
PROLOOJ 7 OR. n.J. [Latin.] The foreman; the fpeakcr
of a convocation.
“7 he convocation the queen prorogued, though at the ex¬
pence of Dr. Attcrbury’s dilpleafure, who was defign’d their
prolocutor. Swift.
Prolocu'torship. n. f. [from prolocutor.] The office ox
dignity of prolocutor.
Pro'logue. n.f. [v^oXo'yl^; prologue, Fr. prologue, Latin.]
1. Preface; introduction to any difeourfe or performance.
Come, fit, and a fong.
— Shall we clap into’t roundly, without hawking, orfpfitmg, or laying we are hoarfe, which are the onlypi ologues to
a bad voice ? Shakefp. As You Like it.
In her face excufe
Came prologue, and apology too prompt. Milton.
2. Something fpoken before the entrance of theaftors of a play.
If my death might make this ifland happy.
And prove the period of their tyranny,
I would expend it with all willingneis ;
But mine is made the prologue to their play. Shakefp.
The peaking cornuto comes in the inftant, after we had
fpolce the prologue of our comedy. Shakefp.
To Pro'logue. v. a. [from the noun.] To introduce with a
formal preface
He his fpecial nothing ever prologues. Shakefp.
To PROLO'NG. v. a. [prolonger, Fr. pro and longus, Lat.J
1. To lengthen out; to continue ; to draw out.
Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong
Life much. Milton.
Th’ unhappy queen with talk prolong'd the night. Dryd.
2. To put off to a diftant time.
T o-morrow in my judgment is too fudden ;
For I myfelf am not fo well provided.
As elfe I would be were the day prolong'd. Shakefp.
Prolongation, n.f. [prolongation, Fr. from prolong.]
1. The aft of lengthening.
Nourifhment in living creatures is for the prolongation of
life. Bacon's Nat. Hfi.
2. Delay to a longer time.
This ambaffage concerned only the prolongation of days for
payment of monies. Bacon's Henry VII.
Prolu'sion. n.J. [proltijio, Lat.] Entertainments; perfor¬
mance of diverlion.
It is memorable, which Famianus Strada, in the firfl book
of his academical prolufions, relates of Suarez. Hakewill.
PROMINENT. adj. [prominens, Lat.J Standing out beyond
the near parts ; protuberant; extant.
Whales'are deferibed with two prominent fpouts on their
heads, whereas they have but one in the forehead terminating
over the windpipe. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
She has her eyes fo prominent, and placed fo that fhe can
fee better behind her than before her. More.
Two goodly bowls of mafty filver.
With figures prominent and richly wrought. Dryden:
Some have their eyes ftand fo prominent as the hare, that
they can fee as well behind as before them. Ray.
Pro'minence. In. f. [prominentia, Latin; from prominent.]
Pro minency. J Protuberance ; extant part.
It fliows the note and eyebrows, with the prominencies and
fallings in of the features. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
PROMFSCUOUS. adj. [promifeuus, Lat.] Mingled ; con¬
futed ; undiftinguithed.
Glory he requires, and glory he receives,
Promifcuous from all nations. Milton's Par. Loft.
Promifcuous love by marriage was reftrain’d. Rofcom,
In rulh’d at once a rude promifcuous crowd ;
The guards, and then each other overbear,
And in a moment throng the theatre. Dryden.
No man, that confiders the promifcuous difpenfations of
God’s providence in this world, can think it unreafonable to
conclude, that after this life good men fliall be rewarded, and
finners punifhed. Tillotfon's Sermons.
The earth was formed out of thatpromifcuous mafs of fand,
earth, {hells, fubfiding from the water. Woodivard.
Clubs, diamonds, hearts, in wild diforder feen,
With throngs promifcuous ftrow the level green. Pope.
A wild, where weeds and flow’rs promifcuous {hoot. Pope.
Promiscuously, adv. [from promifcuous.] With confided
mixture ; indiferiminately.
We beheld where once flood Ilium, called Troy promif
cuoufly of 7 ros. Stmdys's journey.
That generation, as the facred writer modeftly exprefles it,
married and gave in marriage without diferetion or decency,
but promijeuoufy, and with no better a guide than the impulfes of a brutal appetite. Woodward.
Here might you fee
Barons and peafants on the embattled field.
In one huge heap, promifcuoufly amaft. Philips.
Unaw’d by precepts human or divine.
Like birds and hearts promifeuoufy they join. Yope.
PROMISE, n.f. [promijfum, Lat. promfie, promejf, Fr.]
I. Declaration of fome benefit to be confered.
I eat the air, promfiecramm'd; you cannot feed caponsfo. Sha.
His promifes were, as he then was, mighty;
But his performance, as he now is, nothing. Shakefp.
O Lord, let thy promfie unto David be eftabliflied. 1 Chron.
Behold, flic laid, perform’d in ev’rv part
My promfie made ; and Vulcan’s labour’d art. Dryden.
a Lst
P R O
Let any man confider, how many forrows he would have
efcaped, had God called him to his reft, and then fay, whe¬
ther the promife to deliver the juft from the evils to come,
ought not to be made our daily prayer. Wake.
2. Performance of promife ; grant of the thing promifed.
Now are they ready, looking for a protnifp from thee. Alls.
3. Hopes; expectation.
Your young prince Alamillius is a gentleman of the greateft
promije. Sbakefp. Winter s ‘Hale.
I'o Pro'mise. v. a. [promettre, Fr. promitto, Lat.]
j. To make declaration of fome benefit to be confered.
While they promjje them liberty, they themfelves are the
fervants of corruption. 2 Peter ii. 18.
I could not expert fuch an effect as I found, which feidoni
readies to the degree that is promifed by the preferibers of any
remedies. Temple's Adfeel.
To Pro'mise. v n.
1. To affure one by a promife.
Promfmg is the very air o’ th’ time ; it opens the eyes of
expectation : performance is ever the duller for his ad. Shah.
I dare promife for this play, that in the roughnefs of the
numbers, which was fo defigned, you will fee fomewhat more
mafterly than any of my former tragedies. Dryden.
As he promifed in the law, he will fhortly have mercy, and
o-ather us together. 2 Mac. ii. x8.
All the pleafure we can take, when we met fhefepromfng
fparks, is in the difappointment. Felton.
She brib’d my nay, with more than human charms;
Nay promts'd, vainly premis'd to beftow
Immortal life. Pope's Odyjpy.
2. It is ufed of affuranoe, even of ill.
Will not the ladies be afraid of the lion ?
—1 fear it, I promife you. Shakefp.
Pro'misebreach. n. f. [breach and promife.J Violation of
. promife. Not in ufe.
Criminal in double violation
• Of facred chaftity, and of promifebreach. Sbakefp.
PRO'MISEBREAKER. ».f [promife and break.] Violator of
promifes.
He's an hourly promfebreaker, the owner of no one good
quality worthy your entertainment. Sbakefp.
Pro'miser. n. f [from promife.] One who promifes.
Who let this promifer in ? did you, good Diligence ?
Give him his bribe again. Benj. Johnfon,
Fear’s a large promifer ; who fubjedft live
To that bafe paftion, know not what they give. Drydcn.
PRo'missory. adj. [promiforis, Lat.] Containing profeftxon
of fome benefit to be confered.
As the preceptive part enjoins the moft exact virtue, fo is
it moft advantageoufly enforced by the promiffory, which is
moft exquifitely adapted to the fame end. Decay of Piety.
The promiffory lyes of great men are known by fhouldering,
huoging, fqueezing, finding and bowing. Arbuthnot.
Pro'missorily. adv. [from promiffory.] By way of promife.
Nor was he obliged by oath to a ftrifit obfervation of that
which promifforily was unlawful. Brown.
Pro'mont. \n-f [prom utoire, Fr. prornontorium, Latin.
Pro'montory. ) Promont I have obferved only in Suckling.]
' A headland ; a cape ; high land jutting into the fea.
The land did fhoot out with a great promontory. Abbot.
I have dogs
Will climb the higheft promontory top. Sbakefp,
Like one that ftands upon a promontory.
And fpies a far off fhore where he would tread. Sbakffp.
A forked mountain,, or blue promontory,
With trees upo-n’t, nod unto the world,
And mock our eyes with air. Sbakefp. Ant. .and Cleop.
The waving fea can with each flood
Bath fome high promont. Suckling.
They, on their heads,
Main promontories flung, which in the air
Came fhadowing, and opprefs’d whole legions arm’d. Milt.
Every guft of rugged winds.
That blows from off each beaked promontory. Milton.
If you drink tea upon a promontory that overhangs the fea,
it is preferable to an affembly. Pope,
To PROMOTE. v. a. [premoveo, promotus,1La.t.]
1. To forward ; to advance.
Next to religion, let your care be to promote juftice. Bacon.
Nothing lovelier can be found,
Than good works in her hufband to promote. Milton.
He that talks deceitfully for truth, muft hurt it more by
his example, than he promotes it by his arguments. Atterb.
Frictions of the extreme parts promote the flux of the juices
in the joints. , A'buthnot,
2. [Protnouvoir, Fr.] To elevate ; to exalt; to prefer. ^
I will promote thee unto very great honour. Mum. xxn. 17.
Shall I leave my fatnefs wherewith they honour God and
man, and goto be promoted over the trees. Judges ix. 9.
Did I follicit thee
From darknefs to promote me. Milton.
Promo'ter. n.f [promoteur, Fr. from promote.]
i. Advancer; forwarder; encourager.
PRO
Knowledge hath received little improvement from the en¬
deavours of many pretending promoters. Glanvil.
Our Saviour makes this return, fit to be engraven in the
hearts of all promoters of charity ; verily, I fay unto you*
inafmuch as you have done it unto one of the leaft of thefe
my brethren, ye have done it unto me. Attcrbury,
2. Informer; make-bate. An obfolete ufe.
His eies be promoters, fome trefpas to fpie. ’Puffer.
Informers and promoters opprefs and ruin the eftates of many
of his beft fubjedfs. ‘ Drummond.
Promo'tion. n. f. [prometi n, Fr. from promote.] Advance¬
ment ; encouragement; exaltation to fome new honour or
rank; preferment.
Many fair promotions
Are daily given to enoble thofe,
That fcarce, fome two days fince, were worth a noble. Sha„
The high promotion of his grace of Canterbury,
Who holds his ftate at door ’mongft purluivants. Sbakefp.
My rifing is thy fall.
And my promotion will be thy deftrudlion. * Milton,
Thou youngeft virgin-daughter of the fkies.
Made in the laft promotion of the bleft:;
Whofe palms, new pluck’d from paradife.
In fpreading branches more fublimely rife. Dryden.
To Pro move. v. a. [protnoveo, I/at. promouvoir, Fr.] To
forward ; to advance ; to promote. A weird little ufed.
Never yet was honeft man,
That ever drove the trade of love:
It is impoflible, nor can
Integrity our ends promove. Sucklinr.
PROMPT, adj. [prompt, Fr. promptus, Lat ]
1. Quick ; ready; acute; eafy.
The reception of light into the body of the building was
very prompt, both from without and from within. Wottom
Very dilcerning and prompt in giving orders, as occafions
required. Clarendon.
Prompt eloquence
Flow’d from their lips, in prole or numerous verfe. Milton:
To the ftern fandtion of th’ offended Iky,
My prompt obedience bows. Pope.
2. Quick; petulant.
I was too hafty to condemn unheard;
And you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies. Dryden,
3. Ready without hesitation ; wanting no new motive.
Tell h im, I’m prompt
To lay my crown at’s feet, and there to kneel. Sbakefp,
The brazen age,
A warlike offspring, prompt to bloody rage. Dryden.
Still arofe fome rebel flave.
Prompter to fink the ftate, than he to fave. Prior.
4. Ready; told down : as, prompt payment.
To Prompt, v. a. [prontare, Italian.]
1. To aflift by private inftrudlion ; 40 help at a lofs.
Sitting in fome place, where no man fhall prompt him, let
the child tranflate his leffon. Afcham.
You’ve put me now to fuch a part, which never
I fhall difeharge to th’ life.
—Come, come, we’ll prompt you. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
My voice fhall found a3 you do prompt mine ear,
And I will ftoop and humble my intents
To your well pra&is’d wife directions. Sbakefp.
None could hold the book fo well to prompt and inftrudt
this ftage play, as fhe could. Bacon's Henry VII.
He needed not one to prompt him, becaufe he could fay
the prayers by heart. Stillingfleet.
Every one fome time or other dreams he is reading books,
in which cafe the invention prompts fo readily, that the mind
is impofed on. . Addifon.
Grace flhines around her with fereneft beams.
And whifp’ring angels prompt her golden dreams. Pope,
2. To incite; to inftigate.
The Volfcians ftand
Ready, when time fhall prompt them, to make road
Upon’s again. Sbakefp. Coriolanus,
Speak not by th’ matter
Which your heart pro?npts you to, but with fuch words
But rooted in your tongue. Sbakefp,
If they prompt us to anger, their defign makes ufe of it to
a further end, that the mind, being thus difquieted, may not
be eafily compofed to prayer. Duppa.
Rage p.ompted them at length and found them arms. Milt.
Kind occalionprompts their warm defires. Pope.
3. To remind.
The inconcealable imperfe&ions of ourfelves will hourly
prompt us our corruption, and loudly tell us We are fons of
earth. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Pro'mpter. n.f [from prompt.]
I. One who helps a publiek fpeaker, by fuggefting the wbrd to
him when he falters. *
Were it my cue to fight, I fhould have known it
W ithout a prompter. Sbakefp. Othello.
In florid impotence he fpeaks,
And as the pro?npter breathes, the puppet fqueaks. Pope.
2. An
PRO
2. An admontftter ; a reminder.
Wc underftand our duty without a teacher, and acqui our~
felves as we ought to do without a prompter. Jtange.
Promptitude, n.f [promptitude, Ft. impromptus, Lat.]
Pro mptly, adv. [from prompt.1 Readily 8 *lulckly > exPc’
He that does his merchandife chearfully, promptly and rea¬
dily, and the works of religion flowly, it is a iign that his
heart is not right with God. . or'
Promptness, n.f [from prompt.] Readinefs ; quicknefs;
Had not this flop been given him by that accidental ficknefs, his great courage and promptnefs of mind would have
carried him directly forward to the enemy, till he had met him
in the open plains of Perfia. ^uth s Sermons.
Firm and rigid mufcles, ftrong pulfe, aflivity, and prompt¬
nefs in animal actions, are figns of ftrong fibres. Arbuthnot.
Pro'mpture. n.f. [(tom prompt.] Suggeftion ; motion given
by another ; inftigation. A word not ufed.
Thotiah he hath fallen by prompture of the blood ;
Yet hath°he in him fuch a mind of honour.
That had he twenty heads to tender down
On twenty bloody blocks, he d yield them up. Shakefp-.
Pro'mptuary. n.f. [promptuaire, Fr. promptuanum, Lat.J A
ftorehoufe ; a repofitory ; a magazine. .
This ftratum is ftill expanded at top, ferving as the ieminary or promptuary, that furnifheth forth matter for the formation of animal and vegetable bodies.
To PROMULGATE. v. a. [promulgo, Lat.J To publifh;
to make known by open declaration.
Thofe albeit I know he nothing fo much hateth as to pro¬
mulgate, yet I hope that this will occafion him to put forth
•divers other goodly works. . Spenfer.
Thofe, to whom he entrufted the promulgating of the
o-ofpel, had far different inftrueftions. Decay of Piety.
It is certain laws, by virtue of any fanaion they receive
from the promulgated will of the legiflature, reach not a
ftranger, if by the law of nature every man hath not a power
to punifli offences againft it. Locke.
Promulgation, n.f [promulgate, Lat. from promulgate.]
Publication ; open exhibition.
The ftream and current of this rule hath gone as far, it
hath continued1 as long as the very promulgation of the
rrofpel. Hooker, b.v.fefl..
G The very promulgation of the punifhment will be part of
the punifhment, and anticipate the execution. South.
Promulga'tor. n.f. [from promulgate.] Publdher; open
teacher.
How" rrroundlefs a calumny this is, appears from the fanctity of the chriftian religion, which excludes fraud and falfehood • fo alfo from the defignments and aims of its firft pro¬
mulgators. , _ Decay of Piety
To PROMUTGE. v. a. [from promulgo, Lat.J I o promul¬
gate ; to publilh; to teach openly.
The chief defign of them is, to eftablifh the truth of a
new revelation ufthoic countries, where it is firft prmmlgcd
anti propagated. Aturtup.
Promu'lger. n.f. [torn promulSe.\ Publilher; promulga or.
Thcpromulgers of our religion, Jefus Chnft and his apoftles,
raifed men and women from the dead, not once only, but
often Atterbury.
Prona'tor. n.f In anatomy, a mufcle of the radius, of which
there are two, that help to turn the palm downwards. Dull.
PRONE, adj. [pronus, Latin.J
j. Bending downward ; not ereef.
There wanted yet a creature not prone,’
And brute as other creatures, but indu’d
With fanclity of reafon, might ere£t
His ftature, and upright with front ferene ..
Govern the reft. Miltons Par. Lojl, b. vii.
2. Lving with the face downwards : contrary to fupine. .
Upon thefe three pofitions in man, wherein the fpine can
only be at right lines with the thigh, arife thofe poftures,
- prone, fupine and ere£t. Brown s Vulgar En ours.
3. Precipitous ; headlong ; going downwards.
Down thither prone in flight
He fpeeds, and through the vaft ethereal fky
Sails between worlds. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. v.
4. Declivous; Hoping.
Since the floods demand.
For their defeent, a prone and finking land.
Does not this due declivity declare
A wife director’s providential care ? Blackjnore.
5. Inclined ; propenfe ; difpofed. It has commonly an ill fenfe.
The labour of doing good, with the pleafure ariftng from
the contrary, doth make men for the mod part flower to the
one and proner to the other, than that duty, preferibed them
by law, can prevail fufficiently with them. Hooker.
Thofe who are ready to confefs him in judgment and profdfton, are very prone to deny him fliamefully in their doings.
South's Sermons.
PRO
If wc are prone to fedition, and delight in change, there
is no cure more proper than trade, which fupplics bufinefs to
the aftive, and wealth to the indigent. Addifon.
Still prone to change, though ftill the Haves of ftate.
Pope.
Pro'neness. n.f [(tom prone.]
j The ftate of bending downwards; not creCtnefs.
If ere&nefs be taken, as it is largely oppofed untopronenefs,
or the pofture of animals looking downwards, carrying their
venters, or oppofite part to the fpine, dire&ly towards the
earth, it may admit of queftion. Brown’s Pu/g. Errours.
2 The* ftate of lying with the face downwards; not fupinenefs.
3. Defeent; declivity.
A. Inclination ; propenfion ; difpofition to ill. _
^ The holy fpirit faw that mankind is unto virtue hardly
drawn, and that righteoufnefs is the lefs accounted of, by
reafon of the pronenefs of our affections to that which delighteth. ,, , Hftr> b• VT 8‘
The foul being firft from nothing brought.
When God’s grace fails her, doth to nothing fall;
And this declining pronenefs unto nought.
Is ev’n that fin that we are born withal. Davies.
He inftituted this way of worfhip, becaufe of the carnality
of their hearts, and their pronenefs of the people to idolatry.
Tillotjon s Sermons.
The proneners of wood men to commiferate want, in what¬
ever fhape it appeals. Atterbury's Sermons
How exeat is the pronenefs of our nature, to comply with
this temptation.
Prong, n.f. [pronghen, Dutch, to fqueeze. Minjhew.] A
fork. . . ...
The cooks make no more ado, but dicing it into little
o-obbets- prick it on a prong of iron, and hang it in a fur¬
nace. Sandys's Journey.
Whacum his fea-coal prong threw by,
And bafely turn’d his back to fly. Hudibras.
Be mindful,
With iron teeth of rakes and prongs to move
The crufted earth. Dryden’s Vrrg. Georg.
Pro'nity. n.f. [from prone.] Pronenefs. A word not ufed.
Of this mechanick pronity, I do not fee any good ten- dcncy_ More's Divine Dialogues.
Pronoun, n.f. [pronom,Yt. pronomen, Lat.J
I, thou, he; we, ye, they, are names given to perfons,
and ufed inftead of their proper names, from whence they had
the name of pronouns, as though they were not nouns themfelves, but ufed inftead of nouns. Clarke's Lat. Gram.
To PRONOU'NCE. v. a. [prononcer, Fr. pronuncio, Lat.J
1. To fpeak ; to utter.
He pronounced all thefe words unto me with his mouth.
1 Jer. xxxvi. i8.
2 To utter folemnly ; to utter confidently.
She
So wood a lady, that no tongue could ever
Pronounce diftionour of her. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
I have pronounced the word, faith the Lord, Jtr. xxxiv. 5-
So was his will
Pronounc'd among the gods. ^1°*'
Sternly he pronounc'd the rigid interdiction. Milton:
The pronouncing of fentence of death is the office of infe¬
rior magiftrates. . „ ,. LoJke'
Abfalom pronounced a fentence of death againft his brodher. , . . Llck<•
3. To form or articulate by the organs of Ipeech.
Language of man pronotinc d
By tongue of brute, and human fenfe exprefs’d. Milton.
Though diverfity of tongues continue, this would render
the pronouncing them eafier. Holder1
a. To utter rhetorically.
To Pronou'nce. v. n. To fpeak with confidence or authoIIow confidently foever men pronounce of themfelves, and
believe that they are then moft pious, when they are moft
eawer and unquiet; yet ’tis fure this is far removed from the
true genius of religion. Decay of Piety.
Every fool may believe, and pronounce confidently; but
wife men will, in matters of diXcourfe, conclude firmly, and
in matters of faeft, a£t furely. South’s Sermons.
Pronou'ncer. n.f. [(tom pronounce.] One who pronounces.
The pronouncer thereof (hall be condemned in expences.
r Aylife’s Parergon.
Pronunciation, n. f [pronunciatio, from pronuncio, Lat.
pronunciation, Fr.J The aft or mode of utterance.
The defign of fpeaking being to communicate our thoughts
by ready, cafy and graceful\jrmuncdUon, al tadcSpaa^
have been fearehed out, that were femceable for the Pur
P<ft'were eafy to produce thoufands of his verfes, which are
lame for want of half a foot fometimes a whole one, a
which no pronunciation can make otherwife. uryutn.
^ Proof#
PRO
Proof. n.f. [fromprove.] k
j. Evidence} tcftimony; convincing token} convincing argu¬
ment } means of conviction.
That thev all have always fo teftified, I fee not how we
(hould poflibly wifh a proof more palpable than this. Hooker.
This has neither evidence of truth, nor proof fufficient to
oive it warrant. , Hooker.
° Though the manner of their trials fhould be altered, yet
the proof of every thing muft needs be by the teftiinony of
fuch perfons as the parties fhall produce* Spenfer.
That which I fhall report will bear no credit,
Were not the proof fo high. Sbakefp.
One foul in both, whereof good proof
This day affords. Milton•.
This, vers’d in death, th’ infernal knight relates,
And then for proof fulfill’d their common fates. Dryden.
Thofe intervening ideas, which ferve to fhew the agree¬
ment of any two others, are called proofs. Locket
2, Tell; trial} experiment.
Retire or tafte thy folly, and learn by proof
Hell-born ! not to contend with fpirits of heav’n. Miltont
Sampfon,
This day to Dagon is a folemn feaft.
Thy ftrength they know furpafling human race*
And now fome publick proof thereof require
To honour this great feaft. Milton's Agonijles.
When the imagination hath contrived the frame of fuch an
inftrument, and conceives that the event muft infallibly anfwer its hopes, yet then does it ftrangely deceive in the
proof. Wilkins's Math. Magick.
Gave, while he taught, and edify’d the more,
Becaufe he fhew’d, by proof ’twas eafy to be poor. Dryd.
My paper gives a timorous writer an opportunity of putting
his abilities to the proof Addifon.
Here for ever muft I ftay.
Sad proof how well a lover can obey. Pope.
3. Firm temper; impenetrability} the ftate of being wrought
and hardened, till the expeCted ftrength is found by trial to
be attained.
Add proof unto mine armour with thy prayers.
And with thy bleffings fteel my lance’s point: Shakefp.
To me the cries of fighting fields are charms,
Keen be my fabre, and of proofmy arms}
I afk no other bleffing of my ftars. Dryden•
With arms of proof both for myfelf and thee,
Chufe thou the beft. Dryden.
4.. Armour hardened till it will abiJe a certain trial.
He Bellona’s bridegroom, lapt in proof
Confronted him. Shakefp. Macbeth.
5. In printing, the rough draught of a fheet when firft pulled.
Proof., adj. [This word, though ufed as an adjeCtive, is only
elliptically put for of proof.']
1. Impenetrable} able to refill.
Now put your fhiclds. before your hearts, and fight
With hearts more proof than fhields. Shakefp.
Opportunity I here have had
To try thee, fift thee, and confefs have found thee
Proof againft all temptation, as a rock
Of adamant. Milton s Par. Regain'd.
He paft expreflion lov’d,
Proof to difdain, and not to be remov’d. Dryden.
When the mind is throughly tinCtured, the man will be
proof againft all oppofitions. Collier.
Guiltlefs of hate, and proof againft defire}
That all things weighs, and nothing can admire. Dryden.
When a capuchin, that was thought proof againft bribes,
had undertaken to carry on the work, he died a little after.
Addifon.
2. It has either to or againjl before the power to be refilled.
Imagin’d wife,
Conftant, mature, proof againjl all aflaults. Milton.
Deep in the fnowy Alps, a lump of ice
By froft was harden’d to a mighty price }
Proof to the fun it now fecurely lies,
And the warm dog-ftar’s hotteft rage defies. Addifon.
The God of day,
To make him proof againjl. the burning ray,
His temples with celeftial ointment wet. Addifon.
Proo'fless. adj. [from proof] Unproved} wanting evidence.
Some were fo manifeftly weak and proojiefs, that he muft
be a very courteous adverfary, that can grant them. Boyle.
To Prop. v.a. [proppen, Dutch.]
1. To fupport by fomething placed under or againft.
What we by day
Lop overgrown, or prop, or bind,
One night derides. Milton.
2. To fupport by Handing under or againft.
Like thefe earth unfupported keeps its place,
Though no fixt bottom props the weighty mafs. Creech.
Eternal fnows the growing mafs fupply.
Till the bright mountains prop th’ incumbent Iky}
As Atlas fix’d each hoary pile appears. Pope.
PRO
3. To fuftain; to fupport.
The nearer I find myfelf verging to that period, which’ t§
to be labour and forrow, the more I prop myfelf upon thofe
few fupports that are left me. Pope.
Prop. n.f. [proppe, Dutch.] A fupport; a ftav; that on
which any thing refts.
The boy was the very ftaff of my age, my very prop. Sha*
You take my houfe, when you do take the p>op
That doth fuftain my houfe ; you take my life}
When you do take the means whereby I live. Shakefp.
Some plants creep along the ground, or wind about other
trees or props, and cannot fupport themfelves. Bacon.
That he might on many props repole,
He ftrengths his own, and who his part did take, Danieh
Again, if by the body’s prop we ftand.
If on the body’s life, her life depend,
As Meleager’s on the fatal brand.
The body’s good fhe only would intend. t)avies.
Faireft unfupported flower
From her beft prop fo far. ’ Milton»
The current of his viCt’ries found no ftop.
Till Cromwell came, his party’s chiefeft prop-. Waller.
’Twas a confiderable time before the great fragment that
fell refted in a firm pofture ; for the props and ftays, whereby
they leaned one upon another, often failed. Burnet.
The props return
Into thy houfe, that bore the burden’d vines. Dryden.
PrO'pagable. adj. [from propagate.] Such as may be fpread 3
fuch as may be continued by fucceflion.
Such creatures as are produced each by its peculiar feed,
conftitute a diftinct prcpagable fort of creatures. Boyle.
To PRO'PAGATE. v. a. [propago, Latin.]
1. To continue or fpread by generation or fucceflive production.’
All that I eat, or drink, or Ihall beget.
Is propagated curfe ! Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Is it an elder brother’s duty fo
To propagate his family and name ;
You would not have yours die and buried with you ? Otway.
Prom hills and dales the cheeriul cries rebound;
For echo hunts along, and propagates the founds Dryden4
2. To extend; to widen.
^ I have upon a high and pleafant hill
Feign’d fortune to be thron’d : the bale o’th’mount
Is rank’d with all deferts, all kind of natures.
That labour on the bofom of this fphere
To propagate their ftates. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
3. To carry on from place to place ; to promote.
Some have thought the propagating of religion by arms not
only lawful, but meritorious. Decay of Piety.
Who are thofe that truth muft propagate,
Within the confines of my father’s ftate. Dryden.
Thofe who feek truth only, and defire to propagate nothing
elfe, freely expofe their principles to the teft. LockeBecaufe denfe bodies conferve their heat a long time, and
the denfeft bodies conferve their heat the longeft, the vibra¬
tions of their parts are of a lafting nature; and therefore may
be propagated along folid fibres of uniform denfe matter to a
great diftance, for conveying into the brain the impreflions
made upon all the organs of fenfe* Neivton.
4. To encreafe ; to promote.
Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my bread,
Which thou wilt propagate, to have them preft
With more of thine. Shakefp.
Sooth’d with his future fame.
And pleas’d to hear his propagated name. Dryden.
5. To generate.
Superfluous notions, propagated in fancy, are hardly ever
totally eradicated. ClariJJh,
To Propagate, v. n. To have offspring*
No need that thou
Should’ft propagate, already infinite,
And through all numbers abfolute, though one. Mi’ton.
Propaga tion. n.f. [propagation Lat. propagation, Fr. from
propagate.] Continuance or diftufion by generation or fucceffive production.
Men have fouls rather by creation than propagation. Hooker:
T. here are other fecondary ways of the propagation of it,
as lying in the fame bed. Wifemari’s Surgery.
1 here is not in all nature any fpontaneous generation, but
all come by propagation, wherein chance hath not the leaft
part. Ray on the Creation.
Old flakes of olive trees in plants revive}
But nobler vines by propagation thrive. DrydeH.
Propagator, n.f. [from propagate.]
1. One who continues by fucceflive production.
2. A fpreader ; a promoter.
Socrates, the greateft^^r of morality, and a martyr
for the unity of the Godhead, was fo famous for this talent,
that he gamed the name of the Drole. Addifon.
To Prope l. <y. a. [propelf Lat.] To drive forward:
Avicen witnefles the blond to be frothy that is propelled out
of a vein of the breaft. Harvey.
?.o P This
PRO PRO
i
This motion, in fome human creatures, may be weak in
tefpedf to the vifeidity of what is taken, fo as not to be able
to propel it. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
That overplus of motion would be too feeble and languid
to propel fo vaft and ponderous a body, with that prodigious
velocity. Bentley's Sermons.
To PROPE'ND. v. n. [propendeo, Lat. to hang forwards.]
To incline to any part; to be difpofed in favour of any thing.
My Uprightly brethren, I propend to you.
In refolution to keep Helen ftill. Shakefp.
Prope'ndency. n f. [from propend.]
1. Inclination or tendency of defire to any thing.
2. [From propendo, Lat. to weigh.] Preconfideration ; atten¬
tive deliberation ; perpendency.
An a<ft above the animal a&ings, which are tranfient, and
admit not of that attention, and propendency of addons. Hale.
Prope'nse. adj. [propenfus, Lat.] Inclined ; difpofed. It is
ufed both of good and bad.
Women, propenfe and inclinable to holinefs, be otherwife
edified in good things, rather than carried away as captives.
Hooker's Preface.
I have brought fcandal
In feeble hearts, propenfe enough before
To waver, or fall off, and join with idols. Milton.
Prope'nsion. \ n. f [propenfon, Fr. propenfe, Lat. from
Prope'nsity. ) propenfe.]
1. Inclination ; difpofition to any thing good or bad.
Some mifearriages might efcape, rather through neceflities
of ftate, than any propenfty of myfelf to injurioufnefs. K. Char.
So forcible are our propenfions to mutiny, that we equally
take occafions from benefits or injuries. Gov. ofthe Tongue.
Let there be but propenfty, and bent of will to religion,
and there will be fedulity and indefatigable induftry. South.
It requires a critical nicety to find out the genius or the
propenfons of a child. L'Efrange.
The natural propenfon, and the inevitable occafions of com¬
plaint, accidents of fortune. Temple.
He aflifts us with a meafure of grace, fufficient to over¬
balance the corrupt propenfty of the will. Rogers.
2. Tendency.
Bodies, that of themfelves have no propenfons to any de¬
terminate place, do neverthelefs move conftantly and per¬
petually one way. Digby.
This great attrition mud produce a great propenfty to the
putrefeent alkaline condition of the fluids. Arbuthnot.
PROPER, adj. [jpropre, Fr. proprius, Latin.]
1. Peculiar; not belonging to more; not common.
As for the virtues that belong unto moral righteoufnefs and
honefty of life, we do not mention them, becaufe they are
not proper unto chriftian men as they are chriftian, but do
concern them as they are men. Hooker.
Men of learning hold it for a flip in judgment, when offer
is made to demonftrate that as proper to one thing, which
Pealon findeth common unto many. Hooker.
No fenfe the precious joys conceives.
Which in her private contemplations be ;
For then the ravifh’d fpirit the fenfes leaves.
Hath her own pow’rs, and proper adfions free. Davies.
Of nought no creature ever formed ought.
For that is proper to th’ Almighty’s hand. Davies.
Dufrefnoy’s rules, concerning the pofture of the figures,
are almoft wholly proper to painting, and admit not any comparifon with poetry. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Outward objedts, that are extrinfecal to the mind, and its
own operations, proceeding from powers intrinfecal and proper
to itfelf, which become alfo objedts of its contemplation, are
the original of all knowledge. Locke.
2. Noting an individual. ^
A proper name may become common, when given to feveral beings of the fame kind ; as Caefar. Watts.
3. One’s own. It is joined with any of the pofTeffives: as, my
proper, their proper.
The bloody book of law
You fhall yourfelf read in the bitter letter.
After your own fenfe ; yea, though our proper fon
Stood in your adlion. Shakefp. Othello.
Court the age
With fomewhat of your proper rage. Waller.
If we might determine it, our proper conceptions would
be all voted axioms. Glanvil's Scepf.
Now learn the diff’rence at your proper coft.
Betwixt true valour and an empty boaft. Dryden.
4. Natural; original.
In our proper motion we afeend
Up to our native feat. Milton.
tp. Fit; accommodated; adapted; fuitable; qualified.
In Athens all was pleafure, mirth and play,
All proper to the ipring, and fprightly May. Dryden.
He is the only proper perfon of all others for an Epic
poem, who, to his natural endowments of a large invention,
a ripe judgment, and a ftrong memory, has joined the know¬
ledge of the liberal arts. Dryden.
In debility, from great lofs of blood, wine and all aliment,
that is eafily affimLlated or turned into blood, are proper: for
blood is required to make blood. Arbuthnot.
6. Exadf; accurate; juft.
7. Not figurative.
Thofe parts of nature, into which the chaos was divided,
they fignified by dark names, which we have exprefled in
their plain and proper terms. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
8. It feems in Shakefpeare to fignify, mere ;. pure.
See thylelf, devil;
Proper deformity feems not in the fiend
So horrid as in woman. Shakefp. King Lear.
9. [Propre, Fr.] Elegant; pretty.
Mofes was a proper child. Heb. xi. 23.
10. Tall; lufty ; handfome with bulk.
At laft {he concluded with a figh, thou waft the properef
man in Italy. Shakefp.
A proper goodly fox was carrying to execution. L'Efrange.
Properly. adv. [from proper.]
1. F'itly ; fuitably.
2. In a ftridt fenfe.
What dies but what has life
And fin ? the body properly hath neither. Milton.
The miferies of life are not properly owing to the unequal
diftribution of things. Swift.
There is a fenfe in whichvthe works of every man, good
as well as bad, are properly his own. Rogers.
Pro'perness. n.f. [from proper.]
1. The quality of being proper.
2. Tallnefs.
Pro perty, n.f. [from proper.]
1. Peculiar quality.
What fpecial property or quality is that, which being no
where found but in fermons, maketh them effedfual to lave
fouls ? Hooker, b. f. 22.
A fecondary eflential mode, is any attribute of a thing,
which is not of primary confideration, and is called a
property. Watts.
2. Quality; difpofition.
’Tis conviction, not force, that muft induce aftent; and
fure the logick of a conquering fword has no great property
* that way; filence it may, but convince it cannot. D. of Piet.
Itis the property of an old {inner to find delight in reviewing
his own villanies in others. South's Sermons.
3. Right of pofleflion.
Some have been deceived into an opinion, that the inheri¬
tance of rule over men, and property in things, fprung from
the fame original, and were to defeend by the fame rules. Locke.
Property, whole original is from the right a man has to
ufe any of the inferior creatures, for fubfiftence and comfort,
is for the foie advantage of the proprietor, fo that he may
even deftroy the thing that he has property in. Locke.
4. Pofleflion held in one’s own right.
For numerous bleflings yearly fhow’r’d,
And property with plenty crown’d,
’ Accept our pious praife. Dryden.
5. The thing poilefled.
’Tis a thing impofiible
I fhould love thee but as a property. Shakefp.
No wonder fuch men are true to a government, where li¬
berty runs fo high, where property is fo well fecured. Swift.
6. Nearnefs or right. I know not which is the fenfe in the fol¬
lowing lines.
Here I difclaim all my paternal care.
Propinquity, and property of blood.
And as a ftranger to my heart and me.
Hold thee. Shakefp. King Lear,
7. Something ufeful; an appendage.
I will draw a bill of properties, fuch as our play wants.
Shakefp. Midfummer's Night's Dream.
The purple garments raile the lawyer’s fees.
High pomp and ftate are ufeful properties. j Dryden.
Greenfield was the name of the propetty man in that time,
who furnifhed implements for the adtors. Pope.
8. Property for propriety. Any thing peculiarly adapted.
Our poets excel in grandity and gravity, fmoothnefs and
property, in quicknefs and briefnefs. Camden.
To Prope'rty. v.a. [from the noun.]
1. To inveft with qualities.
His rear’d arm
Crefted the world ; his voice was proper ty d
As all the tuned lpheres. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
2. To feize or retain as fomething owned, or in which one has
a right; to appropriate; to hold. This word is not now
ufed in either meaning.
His large fortune
Subdues and properties to his love and tendance
All forts of hearts. Shakefp. Titnon of Athens.
They have here propertied me, keep me in darknefs, and
do all they can to face me out of my wits. Shakefp.
I am too highborn to be propertied,
To be a fecondary at controul. Shakefp. king John.
4 Propha'sis.
PRO
Propha'sis. n.f. [TfotpuiTK.] In medicine, a foreknowledge
of difeafes.
Prophe'cy. n.f [irfotpvn'ot; prophetic, Fr.] A declaration
of fomething to come; predi&ion.
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. Shakefp.
Poets may boaft
Their work fhall with the world remain ;
Both bound together, live or die,
The verfes and the prophecy. Waller.
Pro'phesier. «• f [from prophefy.] One who prophefies*
To Pro'phesy. v. a.
1. To predict; to foretell; to prognofticate.
Miferable England,
I prophefy the fearful’ft time to thee,
That ever wretched age hath look’d upon. Shake/p.
I hate him, for he doth not prophefy good, but evil. I Kings.
The Lord fent me to prophejy, againft this houfe, all the
words that ye have heard. Jer. xxvi. 12.
2. Toforefhow.
Methought thy very gait did prophefy
A royal noblenefs. Shakefp. King Lear.
To Pro'phesy. v. n.
1. To utter predictions.
Strange fereams of death.
And prophefying with accents terrible
Of dire combuftion. Shakefp.
Receiv’d by thee, I prophefy, my rhimes.
Mix’d with thy works, their life no bounds fhall fee. Tick.
2. To preach. A fcriptural fenfe.
Prophefy unto the wind, prophefy, fon of man. Ezekiel.
The elders of the Jews builded, and profpered through the
prophefying of Haggai. Efra vi. 14.
PROPHET, n.f. [prophete, Fr. TTgotpyTri;.]
1. One who tells future events ; a predi&er ; a foreteller.
Ev’ry flower
Did as a prophet weep what it forefaw,
In Hector’s wrath. Shakefp. Troilus and Crefftda.
Jeffers oft prove prophets. Shakefp. King Lear.
Oprophet of glad tidings ! finifher
Of utmoft hope ! Milton.
He lov’d fo faff,
As if he fear’d each day wou’d be her laft;
Too true a prophet to forefee the fate,
That fhould fo foon divide their happy Hate. Dryden.
God, when he makes the prophet, does not unmake the
man. Locke.
2. One of the facred writers empowered by God to foretell fu¬
turity.
His champions are the prophets and apoftles. Shakefp.
Pro'fhetess. n.f. [prophetefe,Yr. from prophet.] A woman
that foretells future events.
He fhall fplit thy very heart with forrow,
And fay poor Marg’ret was a prophetefs. Shakefp.
That it is confonant to the word of God, fo in finging to
anfwer, the pra&ice of Miriam the prophetefs, when file anfwered the men in her fong, will approve. Peacham.
If my love but once were crown’d
Fair prophetefs., my grief would ceafe. Prior.
pR°pHE TiCAL | ac^f [prophetique, Fr. Isom prophet.']
1. Forefeeing or foretelling future events.
Say, why
Upon this blafted heath you flop our way,
With fuch prophetick greeting. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The counlel of a wife and then prophetical friend was for¬
gotten. Wotton.
Some perfumes procure prophetical dreams. Bacon.
’Till old experience do attain
To fomething like prophetick ftrain. Milton.
Some famous prophetick pictures reprefent the fate of Eng¬
land by a mole, a creature blind and bufy, fmooth and de¬
ceitful, continually working under ground, but now and then
to be difeerned in the furface. Stillingfeet.
No arguments made a ftronger impreflion on thefe Pagan
converts, than the predictions relating to our Saviour in thofe
old prophetick writings depofited among the hands of the greateft
enemies to chriftianity, and owned by them to have been ex¬
tant many ages before his appearance. Addifon.
2. It has of before the thing foretold.
The more I know, the more my fears augment,
And fears are oft prophetick of th’ event. Dryden.
Prophe'tically. adv. [from prophetical.] With knowledge
of futurity ; in manner of a prophecy.
He is fo prophetically proud of an heroical cudgelling, that
he raves in faying nothing. Shakefp. Troilus and Crejfida.
This great fuccefs among Jews and Gentiles, part of it
hiflorically true at the compiling of thefe articles, and part
of it prophetically true then, and fufllled afteiward, was a moft
effectual argument to give authority to this faith. Hammond.
She iigh’d, and thus prophetically fpoke. Dryden.
To Pro'phetize. v. n. [prophetifer, Fr. from prophet.] I o
give predictions.
PRO
faaturd elfe hath conference
With profound fleep, and fo doth warning fend
By prophetizing dreams. Daniel's Civil Wan
Prophyla'ctick. adj. [^oipuAaxlixof, from 7T£epvAa<r<r«.]
Preventive; prefervative.
Medicine is diftributed into prophylaftick, or the art of pteferving health ; and therapeutick, or the art of rfeftoring
health. Watts's Logick.
Propi nquity, n. f. [propinquitas, Lat.]
1. Nearnels; proximity ; neighbourhood*
They draw the retina nearer to the cryftallirie humour, and
by their relaxation fuffer it to return to its natural diftance
according to the exigency of the objeCt, in refpeCt of diftance
, or propinquity. Ray on the Creationi
2. Nearnefs of time.
'Thereby was declared the propinquity oif their deflations,
and that their tranquillity was of no longer duration, than
thofe foon decaying fruits of fummer. Brown.
3. Kindred ; nearnefs of blood.
Here I difclaim all my paternal care,
Propinquity, and property of blood,
And as a ftranger to my heart and me
Hold thee. Shakefp. King Lear.
Propi'tiable. adj [from propitiate.] Such as may be in¬
duced to favour ; fuch as may be made propitious.
To PROPI'TIATE. v. a. [propitio, Lat.] To induce to
favour ; to gain ; to conciliate ; to make propitious.
You, her prieft, declare
What off’rings may propitiate the fair,
Rich orient pearl, bright ftones that ne’er decay*
Or polifli’d lines which longer laft than they. Wallen
They believe the affairs of human life to be managed by
certain fpirits under him* whom they endeavour to propitiate
by certain rites. Stillingflect.
Vengeance fhall purfue the inhuman coaft,
’Till they propitiate thy offended ghoft. Dryden.
Let^fierce Achilles* dreadful in his rage.
The God propitiate, and the peft affuage. Pope.
ProPitia'tion. n.f. [propitiation, Fr. from propitiateP]
1. The aCtof making propitious.
2. The attonement; the offering by which propitioufnefs is
obtained.
He is the propitiation for the fins of the whole world. 1 Jo.
Propitiator* n.f. [from propitiate.] One that propitiates*
Propitiatory, adj. [propiaatoire, b r. from propitiate.] Ha¬
ving the power to make propitious.
Is not this more than giving God thanks for their virtues,
when a propitiatory facriffce is offered for their honour ? Stilling.
Propi tiqus. adj. [propitius, Lat. propice, Fr.] Favourable ;
kind.
T’ affuage the force of this new flame,
And make thee more propitious in my need,
I mean to fing the praifes of thy name. Spenjrer.
Let not my words offend thee,
My maker, be propitious while I fpeak ! Milton.
Indulgent God ! propitious pow’r to Troy,
Swift to relieve, unwilling to deftroy. Dryden„
Would but thy After Marcia be propitious
To thy friend’s vows. Addifon's Cato.
Ere Phcebus rofe, he had implor’d
Propitious heav’n. Pope's Rape of the Lock.
Propitiously, adv. [from propitious.] Favourably; kindly.
So when a mu(n propitioujly invites,
Improve her favours, and indulge her flights* Rofommon.
Propi'tiousness. n.f. [from propitious.] Favourablenefs j
kindnefs.
All thefe joined with the propitioufnefs of climate to that
fort cf tree and the length of age it fhall ftand and grow,
may produce an oak. Temple .
Propla'sm. n.f. [tt^o and 7t\cc<t{aoi.] Mould ; matrix.
Thofe fhells ferving as proplafns or moulds to the matter
which fo filled them, limited and determined its dimenfions
and figure. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
Propla'stice. n. f [7r^e7rAar»x)j.] The art of makinomoulds for calling.
Proponent, n.f. [from proponent, Lat.] One that makes a
propofal.
For myfterious things of faith rely
On the proponent, heaven’s authority. Dryden
PROPO'RTION. n.f. [proportion, Fr. proportio, Lat*]
I. Comparative relation of one thing to another; ratio.
Let any man’s wifdom determine by lelfening the territory
and increafing the number of inhabitants, what probortionil
requifite to the peopling of a region in fuch a manner that
the land fhall be neither too narrow for thofe whom it feedeth,
nor capable of a greater multitude. d / • f
By proportion to thefe rules, we may judge of the obliga¬
te hes upon all iorts of injurious perfons* Taylor.
Things nigh equivalent and neighb’ring value
By lot are parted ; but high heav’n thy Ihfre,
In equal balance weigh’d ’gainft earth and hell,
rlings up the adverle fcale, and fhuns proportion. Prior.
2. Settled
I
PRO
. Settled relation of comparative quantity ; equal degree:
Greater vifible good does not always raife men s defires*
in proportion to the greatnefs it is acknowledged to have, though
every little trouble fets us on work to get rid of it. Locke.
He mull be little {killed in the world, who thinks that
men’s talking much or little (hall hold proportion only to their
knowledge. Locke.
Several nations are recovered out of their ignorance, in
proportion as they converfe more 01 lefs with thofe of the re¬
formed churches. Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
In proportion as this refolution grew, the terrors before us
feemed to vaniih. Tatler, NQ 8l.
3. Harmonick degree.
His volant touch
Inftind through all proportions, low and high.
Fled, and purfu’d tranfverfe the refonant fugue. Milton.
4. Symmetry ; adaptation of one to another.
It mull be mutual in proportion due
Giv’n and receiv’d. Milton.
No man of the prefent age is equal in the flrength, propor¬
tion and knitting of his limbs to the Hercules of Farnefe.
Drydens Dufrefnoy.
The proportions are fo well obferved, that nothing appears
to an advantage, or diflinguifhes itfelf above the reft. Addif.
Harmony, with ev’ry grace,
Plays in the fair proportions of her face. Mrs. Carter.
5. Form; fize.
All things receiv’d, do fuch proportion take.
As thofe things have, wherein they are receiv’d ;
So little glaffes little faces make.
And narrow webs on narrow frames are weav’d. Davies.
To Proportion. v. a. [proportionner, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To adjuft by comparative relation.
Meafure is that which perfedeth all things, becaufe every
thing is for fome end ; neither can that thing be available to
any end, which is not proportionable thereunto : and to pro¬
portion as well excefies as defeds,. are oppoftte. Hooker.
Till body up to fpirit work, in bounds
Proportion’d to each kind. _ Milton.
In the lofs of an objed, we do not proportion our grief to
the real value it bears, but to the value our fancies fet upon
Addifon s Spectator, N9 256.
2. To form fymmetrically.
Nature had proportioned her without any fault, quickly to
be difeovered by the fenfes; yet altogether feemed not to make
up that harmony that Cupid delights in. Sidney.
PropoRtionable. adj. [hom proportion.] Adjufted by com¬
parative relation ; fuch as is fit.
His commandments are not grievous, becaufe he offers us
an affiftance proportionable to the difficulty. Tillotfon.
It was enlivened with an hundred and twenty trumpets, affifted with a proportionable number of other inftruments. Add.
PropoRtionably. adv. [from proportion.] According to
proportion ; according to comparative relations.
The mind ought to examine all the grounds of probability,
and upon a due balancing the whole, rejed or receive it pro¬
portionably to the preponderancy of the greater grounds of
probability, on one fide or the other. Locke.
The parts of a great thing are great, and there are proportionably large eftates in a large country. Arbuthnot.
Though religion be more eminently neceftary to thofe in
Rations of authority, yet thefe qualities are proportionally con¬
ducive to publick happinefs in every inferior relation. Rogers.
Proportional, adj. [proportioned Fr. from proportion.]
Having a fettled comparative relation ; having a certain de¬
gree of any quality compared with fomething elfe.
As likely tailing to attain
Proportional afeent, which cannot be .
But to be gods or angels. Milton's Par. Loft.
Four numbers are faid to be proportional, when the ruft
containeth, or is contained by the fecond, as often as the
third containeth, or is contained by the fourth. Cocker.
If light be fwifter in bodies than in vacuo in the proportion
of the lines which meafure the refradion of the bodies, the
forces of the bodies to refled and refrad light, are very nearly
proportional to the denfities of the fame bodies. Newton.
Proportionality, n.f. [from proportional.] The quality
of being proportional.
All fenfe, as grateful, dependeth upon the equality or the
proportionality of the motion or impieffion made. Grew.
Proportionally, adv. [from proportional.] In a dated
. degree.
if thefe circles, whilft their centres keep their diftances
and pofitions, could be made lefs in diameter, their interfer¬
ing one with another, and by confequence the mixture of the
heterogeneous rays would be proportionally diminiflied. Newt.
Propo rtionate. adj. [from proportion.] Adjufted to fomething elfe., according to a certain rate or comparative relation.
The connedion between the end and any means is ade¬
quate, but between the end and means propoi tionate. Grew.
The ufe of fpedacles, by an adequate connedion of truths,
cave men occafion to think of microfcopes and tclefcopes;
JO
PRO
but the invention of burning glades depended on a prop6r»
tionate; for that figure, which contrads the fpccies of any
body, that is, the" rays by which it is feen, will, in the fame
proportion, contrad the heat wherewith the rays, are ac¬
companied. Grew s Cofmol.
In the ftate of nature, one man comes by no abfolute
power, to ufe a criminal according to the paftion or heats of
his own will; but only to retribute to him, fo far as confcience didates, what is proportionate to his tranigreffion. Locke.
To Proportionate, v. a. [from proportion.] To adjuft*
according to fettled rates, to fomething elfe.
The parallelifm and due proportionated inclination of the
axis of the earth. More's Divine Dialogues.
Since every fingle particle hath an innate gravitation toward
all others, proportionated by matter and diftance, it evidently
appears-, that the outward atoms of the chaos would neceffarily tend inwards, and defeend from all quarters towards the
middle of the whole fpace. Bentley s Sermons.
PropoRtionateness. n.f. [from proportionate,] The ftate
of being by comparifon adjufted.
By this congruity of thofe faculties to their proper objeds,
and by the fitnefs and proportionatenefs of thefe objedive impreffions upon their refpedive faculties, accommodated to
their reception, the fenfible nature hath fo much of percep¬
tion, as is neceftary for its fenfible being. Hale.
Proposal, n.f. [from propofe.]
1. Scheme or defign propounded to confideration or acceptance.
If our propofals once again were heard.
We fhould compel them to a quick refult. Milton.
The work, you mention, will fufficiently recommend it¬
felf, when your name appears with the propofals. Add. to Po.
2. Offer to the mind.
Upon the propofal of an agreeable objed, a man’s choice
will rather incline him to accept than refufe it. South.
This truth is not likely to be entertained readily upon the
firft propofal. Alterbury.
To PROPO'SE. v. a. [propofer, Fr. propono, Laf.] To offer
to the confideration.
Raphael to Adam’s doubt propos'd.
Benevolent and facil thus reply’d. Milton.
My defign is to treat only of thofe, who have chiefly pro¬
pofed'to themfelves the latter as the principal reward of their
labours. Tatler, NJ 81.
In learning any thing, there fliould be as little as poffible
firft propofed to the mind at once, and that being underftood,
proceed then to the next adjoining part. JVatts.
To Propo'se. v. n. To lay fchemes. Not in ufe.
Run thee into the parlour.
There (halt thou find my coufin Beatrice,
Propofmg with the prince and Claudio. Shake/p.
Propo'ser. n.f. [from propofe.] One that offers any thing to
confideration.
Faith is the affent to any propofition, not made out by the
dedudions of reafon, but upon the credit of the propofer, as
coming from God. Locke.
He provided a ftatute, that whoever propofed any altera¬
tion to be made, fhould do it with a rope about his neck; if
the matter propofed were generally approved, then it fhould
pafs into a law; if it went in the negative, the propofer to
be immediately hanged. _ Swift.
Proposition, n.f [propofition, Fr. propofetio, Lat.]
1. A fentence in which any thing is affirmed or decreed.
Chryfippus, labouring how to reconcile thefe two proportions,
that-all things are done by fate, and yet that fomething is in
our own power, cannot extricate himfelf. Hammond.
The compounding of the reprefentation of things, with an
affirmation or negation, makes a propofition. Hale.
2. Propofal; offer of terms.
The enemy fent propofitions, fuch as upon delivery of a
ftrong fortified town, after a handfome defence, are ufually
granted. Clarendon.
Proposi'tional. adj. [from propofition.] Confidered as a
propofition.
If it has a lingular fubjed in its piopofitlonal fenfe, it is al¬
ways ranked with univerfals. IPaits's Logick.
To PROPOU'ND. v. a. [propono, Lat.]
1. To offer to confideration ; to propofe.
The parli’ment, which now is held, decreed
Whatever pleas’d the king but to propound. Daniel.
To leave as little as I may unto fancy, which is wild and
irregular, I will propound a rule. ^itton.
Dar’ft thou to the foil of God propound
To worfhip thee. Milton.
The greateft ftranger muff propound the argument. Mne.
The arguments, which chriftianity propounds to us, arc reafonable encouragements to bear fufferings patiently. Tillotjor..
2. To offer ; to exhibit.
A fpirit rais’d from depth of under-ground.
That (hall make anfwer to fuch queftions, _
As by your grace (hall be propounded him. Sbakejp.
Propou'nder. n.f [from propound.] He that propounds j he
that offers ; propofer.
Dn ajiot rTAPN .
P R O
Proprietary, n.f [proprietaire, Fr. from propriety.'] Poffeffor in his own right. * .
,rI'is a <rreat miftake to think ourfelves Rewards in fomc of
God’s gifts, and proprietaries in others : they are all equally
t0 be employed, according to the designation of the donor.
Government of the Tongue.
Proprietary, adj. Belonging to a certain owner.
Though fheep, which are proprietary, are feldom marked,
yet they are not apt to ftraggle. Grew’s Cofmol.
Proprietor, n.f [from proprius, Lat.] A pofleffor in his
own right. ,
Man, by being mafter of himfelf, and proprietor of his own
perfon, and the actions or labour of it, had ftill in himfelf
the great foundation of property. Locke.
Though they are fcattered on the wings of the morning,
and remain in the uttermoft parts of the fea, even there fhall
his right hand fetch them out, and lead them home to their
ancient proprietor. Rogers'.
Proprietress, n.f. [from proprietor.] A female pofTeflor
in her own right; a miftrefs.
A big-bellied bitch borrowed another bitch’s kennel to lay
her burthen in ; the proprietyefs demanded pofleflion, but the
other begged her excufe. L'Efrange.
PROPRIETY. n.f. [propriety Fr. proprietas, Lat.]
i. Peculiarity of pofleflion; excluflve right.
You that have promis’d to yourfelves propriety in love,
Know womens hearts like ftraws do move. Suckling.
Benefit of peace, and vacation for piety, render it neceffary by laws to fecure propriety. Hammooid.
Hail wedded love ! myfterious law, true fource
Of human offspring, foie propriety
In Paradife ! of all things common elfe. Milton.
They fecure propriety and peace. Drydcn.
To that we owe not only the fafety of our perfons and the
propriety of our pofleflions, but our improvement in the feveral arts. Atterbury.
2. Accuracy; jtiftnefs.
Common ufe, that is the rule of propriety, affords fome
aid to fettle the fignification of language. * Locke.
Propt, kor propped, [from prop.] Suftained by fome prop.
See in her cell fad Eloifa fpread,
Propt in fome tomb, a neighbour of the dead. Pope.
To PROPU'GN. v. a. [propugno, Lat.] To defend ; to
vindicate.
Thankfulnefs is our meet tribute to thofe facred champions
for propugning of our faith. Harmnond.
Propugna'tion. n.f. [propugnatio, from propugno, Latin.]
Defence.
What propugnation is in one man’s valour.
To (land the pufh and enmity of thofe
This quarrel would excite ? Sbakefp. Troilus and Crejfida.
Propu'gner. n.f. [from prcpugnP] A defender.
So zealous propugners are they of their native creed, that
they are importunately diligent to inftrud men in it, and in
all the little fophiffries for defending it. Gw. of the Tongue.
Propulsion, n.f. [propu/Jiis,'Lnt.] The act of driving for¬
ward.
Joy worketh by propulf n of the moifture of the brain,
when the fpirits dilate and occupy more room. Bacon.
The evanefeent folid and fluid will fcarce differ, and the ex¬
tremities of thofe final] canals will by propulf n be carried off
with the fluid continually. Arbutbnot on Aliments.
Prore. n.f. [prora, Lat.] The prow; the forepart of the
fhip. A poetical word ufed for a rhyme.
There no veflel, with vermilion prore.
Or bark of traffick, glides from fliore to fhore. Pope.
Prorogation, n.f. [prorogation from prorogo, Lat. proroga¬
tion^ Fr.]
1. Continuance; ftate of lengthening out to a diftant time ;
prolongation.
The fulnefs and effluence of man’s enjoyments in the ftate
of innocence, might feem to leave no place for hope, in refpect of any farther addition, but only of the prorogation and
future continuance of what already he poflefled. South.
2. Interruption of the feffion of parliament by the regal authority.
It would feem extraordinary, if an inferior court fhould
take a matter out of the hands of the high court of parlia¬
ment, during a prorogation. Swift.
IT ProRO'GUE. v. a. [prorogo, Lat. proroger, Fr.]
1. To protradt; to prolong.
He pnr gUed his government, ftill threatning to difmifs
himfelf from publick cares. Dryden.
2. To put off; to delay.
Mv life were better ended by their hate,
Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. _ Sbakefp.
-? To interrupt the feffion ol parliament to a diftant time.
By the kino’s authority alone, they are affembled, and by
him alone are they prorogued and dillolved, but each houie
may adjourn itfelf. iClL°n'
Proru'ption. n.f. [proruptus, from prorumpo, Lat.] J he act
of burfting out*
PRO
Others ground this difruption upon their continued or pro-*
traded time of delivery, whereat, excluding but one a day,
the latter brood impatient by a forcible proruption anticipates
their period of exclufion. Brown's Vulgar Err urs.
ProsaTck. adj. [profaique, Fr. profdens, from profa, Lat.]
Belonging to profe; refembling profe.
To PROSCRIBE, v. a. [profenbo, Lat.]
1. To cenfure capitally ; to doom to deftrucrion.
Robert Vere, earl of Oxford, through the malice of the
peers, was banifhed the realm, andproferibed. Spenfer.
I hid for thee
Thy murder of thy brother, being fo brib’d.
And writ him)in the lift of my proscrib'd
After thy fad. Bcn)' J°Worl•
Follow’d and pointed at by fools and boys,
But dreaded and preferib’d by men of fenfe. Rofcommon.
Some utterly profe ibe the name of chance, as a word of
impious and profane fignification ; and indeed if taken by us
in that fenfe, in which it was ufed by the heathen, fo as to
make any thing cafual, in refped of God himfelf, their ex¬
ception ought juftly to be admitted. South s Sermont.
2. To interdict. Not in ufe.
He fhall be found.
And taken or projcrib'd this happy ground. Dryden.
ProscrTber. n.f. [from projeribe.] One that dooms to deftrudion.
The triumvir and profc7-iber had defeended to us in a more
hideous form, if the emperor had not taken care to make
friends of Virgil and Horace. Dryden.
Proscription, n.f. [proferiptio, Lat.] Doom to death or
confifcation.
You took his voice who fhould be prickt to die.
In our black fentence and prsfeription. Sbakefp.
Sylla’s old troops
Are needy and poor ; and have but left t’ exped
From Catiline new bills and new proferiptions. B. fehnf
For the title of prrfcription or forfeiture, the emperor hath
been judge and party, and jufticed himfelf. Bacon.
Prose. n.J. [profe, Fr. profa, Lat.] Language not reftrained
to harmonick founds or fet number of lyllables; difeourfe
not metrical.
Things unattempted yet in profe or rhime. Milton.
The reformation of profe was owing to Boccace, who is
the ftandard of purity in the Italian tongue, though many
of his phrafes are become obfolete. Dryden.
A poet lets you into the knowledge of a device better than
a prej'e writer, as his deferiptions are often more diffufe. Add.
Profe men alone for private ends,
I thought, forfook their ancient friends. Prior.
I will be ftill your friend in profe :
Efteem and friendfhip to exprefs.
Will not require poetick drefs. Swift.
My head and heart thus flowing through my quill,
Verfe man and profe man, term me which you will. Pope.
To PRO'SECUTE. v. a. [profequor, profecutus, Lat.]
1. To perfue ; to continue endeavours after any thing.
I am belov’d of beauteous Hermia,
Why fhould not I then profecute my right ? Sbakefp.
1 muff; not omit a father’s timely care.
To profecute the m eans of thy deliverance
By ranfom. Miltons Agonijles.
He profecuted this purpofe with ftrength of argument and
clofe realoning, without incoherent Tallies. Locke.
2. To continue ; to carry on.
The fame reafons, which induced you to entertain this
war, will induce you alfo to profecute the fame. Hayivard.
All refolute to profecute their ire.
Seeking their own and country’s caufe to free. Daniel.
He infefted Oxford, which gave them the more reafon to
profecute the fortifications. Clarendon.
With louder cries
She profecutes her griefs, and thus replies. Dryden.
3. To proceed in conlideration or difquilition of any thing.
It were an infinite labour to profecute thofe things, fo far as
they might be exemplified in religious and civil actions.
Hooker, b. iv.f 1.
4. To perfue by law ; to fue criminally.
5. To profecute differs from to perfecute : to perfecute always im¬
plies fome cruelty, malignity or injuftice ; to profecute, is to
proceed by legal nreafures, either with or without juft caufe.
Prosecu'tion. n. f. [from profecute.]
1. Perfuit; endeavour to carry on.
Many offer at the effeds of friendfhip, but they do not
laft;. they arc promifing in the beginning, but they fail,
jade, and tire in thc prJecution. South.
Their jealoufy of the Britifh power, as well as their prefecutions of commerce and purfuits of univerfal monarchy, will
fix them in their averfions tow ards us. Addifon.
2. Suit againft a man in a criminal caufe.
Pro'secutor. n.J. [from projecute.] One that carries on any
thing; a perfuer of any purpofe ; one who perfues another
by law in a criminal caufe.
20 Q Prose'lyte.
pro
Pro'selyte. n. J. [tt^ochiAij]©-3 ; profelite, Yc.] A convert ;
one brought over to a new opinion.
He that faw hell in’s melancholy dream,
Scar’d from his fins, repented in a fright.
Had he view’d Scotland, had turn’d profdyte. Cleaveland.
Men become profeffors and combatants for thofc opinions
they were never convinced of, nor profclytcs to. Locke.
Where’er you tread,
Millions of prfelytes behind are led,
Through crowds of new-made converts {fill you go. Grant).
What numbers of profelytes may we not expeft. Addifon.
To Pro'selyte. v. a. To convert. A bad word.
Men of this temper cut themfelves off from the opportu¬
nities of profelyting others, by averting them from their com¬
pany. Government of the Tongue.
Prosemina'tion. n.f. [profemino, profeminatus, Lat.J Pro¬
pagation by feed.
Touching the impofiibility of the eternal fucceffion of men,
animals or vegetables by natural propagation or profemination,
the reafons thereof (hall be delivered. Hale.
Proso'dian. n.f. [from profody.] One (killed in metre or
profody.
Some have been fo bad profodianf, as from thence to derive
malum, becaufe that fruit was the firft occdfion of evil. Brown.
PRO'SODY. n. f. [profodie, Fr. trgoiruMu.'] The part of
grammar which teaches the found and quantity of lyllables,
and the meafures of vqrfe.
ProsoTopoe'ia. n.j. [TrgoffWTrotronoc ; profopopee, Fr.] PerTonification ; figure by which things are made perfons.
Thefe reafons are pathetically urged, and admirably raifed
by the profpopceia of nature fpeaking to her children. Dryden.
PRO'SPECT. n.f. [projpedus, Lat.J
1. View of fomething diftant.
Eden and all the coaft in profped lay. Milton.
The Jews being under the oeconomy of immediate revela¬
tion, might be fuppofed to have had a freer profped into that
heaven, whence their law defeended. Decay of Piety.
It is better to marry than to burn, fays St. Paul; a little
burning felt pulhes us more powerfully, than greater pleafures
in profped allure. \ Locke.
2. Place which affords an extended view.
Him God beholding from his profped high.
Wherein paft, prefent, future he beholds.
Thus fpake. Milton's Par. Lof, h. iii,
3. Series of objefts open to the eye.
There is a very noble profped from this place : on the one
fide lies a vaft extent of feas, that runs abroad further than the
eye can reach : juft oppofite ftands the green promontory of
Surrentum, and on the other fide the whole circuit of the bay
of Naples. Addifon.
4. Objeft of view.
Man to himfelf
Is a large profped, rais’d above the level
Of his low creeping thoughts. Denham.
Prefent, fad profped ! can he ought defery,
But what affefts his melancholy eye;
The beauties of the ancient fabrick loft
In chains of craggy hills, or lengths of dreary coaft. Prior.
5. View into futurity : oppofed to retrofpeft.
* To be king.
Stands not within the profped of belief,
No more than to be Cawdor. Shakefp. Macbeth.
To him, who hath a profped of the different ftate of per¬
fect happinefs or milery, that attends all men after this life,
the meafures of good and evil are mightily changed. Locke.
If there be no profped beyond the grave, the inference is
right; let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we {hall die. Locke.
Againft himfelf his gratitude maintain’d,
By favours paft, not future profpeds gain’d. Smith.
6. Regard to fomething future.
Is he a prudent man, as to his temporal eftate, that lays
defigns only for a day, without any profped to, or proviffon
for the remaining part of his life. Tillotfon.
To Prospect, v. a. [profpedus, Lat ] To look forward. Did.
Prospe ctive, adj. [from profped.]
r. Viewing at a diftance.
2. Afting with forefight.
The French king and king of Sweden are circumfpeft, induftrious and profpedive tbo in this affair. Child.
To PRO'SPER. v. a. [profpero, Lat.J To make happy ; to
favour.
Kind gods, forgive
Me that, and profper him. Shakefp. King Lear.
All things concur to profper our defign ;
All things to profper any love but mine. Dryden.
I o Prosper, v. n. [profperer, Fr.J
I. To be profperous ; to be fuccefsful.
My word (hall not return void, but accompliffi that which
[ pleafe, and it Ihall profper in the thing whereto I fentit. IJ.
Fhis man encreafed by little and little, and tilings projpered with him more and more. 2 Mac. viii. 8.
Surer to profper, than profperity
Could have affur’d us. Milton.
7
P R O
2. To thrive; to come forward.
All things do profper beft, when they are advanced to thd
better; a nurfery of ftocks ought to be in a more barren
ground, than that whereunto you remove them. Bacon.
The plants, which he had fet, did thrive and profper. Cow’ey.
She viiits how they profper'd, bud, and bloom. Milton.
Prosperity, n.f [profperitas, Lat. profperitf, Fr.J Succefs;
attainment of wifihes ; good fortune.
Prfperity, in regard of our corrupt inclination to abufe the
bleflings of Almighty God, doth prove a thing dangerous to
the fouls of men. Hooker, l. v. /. 48.
God’s juftice reaps that glory in our calamities, which we
robbed him of in our profperity. King Charles.
Prosperous, adj. [profperus, Lat.]* Succefsful; fortunate.
Your good advice, which ftill hath been both grave
And profpertus. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Either ftate to bear profperous or adverfe. Milton.
May he find
A happy paffage, and a profp'rous wind. Denham.
Prosperously, adv. [fromprofperous.] Succefsfully ; for¬
tunately.
Profperoufy I have attempted, and
With bloody paffage led your wars, even to
The gates of Rome. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
In 1596, was the fecond invafion upon the main territories
of Spain, profperoufy atchieved by Robert earl of Eff’ex, in
confort with the earl of Nottingham. Bacon.
Thofe, who are profperoufy unjuft, are intitled to panegyrick, but afflifted virtue is {tabbed with reproaches. Dryden.
Pro'sperousness. n.f. [Rom profperous.] Profperity.
Prospi cience. n.f. [from profpicio, Lat.J The adt of look¬
ing forward.
Pkosterna'tion. n.f [from proferno, Lat.J Dejeftion;
depreffion ; ftate of being call down ; aft of calling down.
A word not to be adopted.
Pain interrupts the cure of ulcers, whence are ftirred up a
fever, watching:, and profemotion of fpirits. Wifeman.
Pro'stethis. n7f. [7r^or'/iffi?.J In furgery, that which fills up
what is wanting, as when fiftulous ulcers are filled up with
flefh. Did.
To PRO'STITUTE. v. a. [profituo, Lat. projlituer, Fr.J
1. To fell to wickednefs ; to expofe to crimes for a reward. It
is commonly ufed of women fold to whoredom by others or
themfelves.
Do not profitute thy daughter, to caufe her to be a whore.
Lev. xix. 29.
Marrying or profituting,
Rape or. adultery. Milton's Par. Lof, b. xi.
Who {hall prevail with them to do that themfelves which
they beg of God, to fpare his people and his heritage, to
profitute them no more to their own finifter defigns. D. of Pie.
Affeftions, confecrated to children, hufbands, and parents,
are vilely proftituted and thrown away upon a hand at loo. Add.
2. To expofe upon vile terms.
It were unfit, that fo excellent and glorious a reward, as
the gofpel promifes, Ihould ftoop down like fruit upbn a full
laden bough, to be plucked by every idle and wanton hand,
that heaven fhould be profituted to flothful men. Tilhtfon.
Prostitute, adj. [profitutus, Lat.J Vicious for hire; fold
to infamy or wickednefs ; fold to whoredom.
Their common loves, a lewd abandon’d pack,
Byfloth corrupted, by diforderfed,
Made bold by want, and profitute for bread. Prior.
Pro'stitute. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A hireling; a mercenary ; one who is fet to fale.
At openfulfome bawdry they rejoice,
Bafe profitute! thus doft thou gain thy bread. Dryden.
No hireling {he, no profiiute to praife. Pope.
2. [Profibula; Lat.J A publick ftrumpet.
From every point they come,
Then dread no dearth of profitutes at Rome. Dryden.
Prostitution, n.f. [profitution,Yx. from profitute.]
1. The aft of fetting to fale; the ftate of being fet to fale.
2. The life of a publick ftrumpet.
An infamous woman, having palled her youth in a moft
fhamelefs ftate of profitution, now gains her livelihood by feducing others. Addifon's Spedator.
PROSTRATE, adj. [profratus, Lat. The accent was for¬
merly on the firft fyllable.J
1. Lying at length.
Once I faw with dread oppreffed
Her whom I dread ; fo that with profrate lying,
Her length the earth in love’s chief cloathing dreffed. Suln.
He heard the weftern lords w7ould undermine
His city’s wall, and lay his tow’rs profrate. Fairfax.
Before fair Britomart (he fell profrate. SpenJ<t.
Groveling and profrate on yon lake of fire. Milton.
2. Lying at mercy. ,
Look gracious on thy profrate thrall. Shafiejp.
3. Thrown down in humbleft adoration.
The warping iound was no (boner heard, but the churches
were filled, the pavements covered with bodies profrate, and
waflied with tears of devout joy. Do kcr.
Milton.
Pope.
P R O
Let us to the place <
Repairing where he judg’d us, propate fall
Before him reverent; and there confefe
Humbly our faults, and pardon beg. _ While propate here in humble grief 1 Jic^
Rind virtuous drops juft gathering in my eye.
To Pro strate, v. a. [projlratus, Eat.]
To lay flat» to throw downl' jn tj^e ftreets many they Dew, and fired divers places, profa.Qtin* two parifhes almoft entirely. Hayward.
J ‘ fftorm that all things doth propate,
Finding a tree alone all comfortiels.
Beats on it ftrongly, it to ruinate. Spenfer.
Stake and bind up your weakeft plants againft the winds,
before they come too fiercely, and in a moment propate a
whole year’s labour. Evelyn's Kalendar.
The drops falling thicker, fafter, and with greater force,
beating down the fruit from the trees, prpating and laying
corn growing in the fields. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
2. [$<? projierner, Fr.j To throw down in adoration.
Some have propated themfelves an hundred times in the
day, and as often in the night. Duppa.
Prostration, n.f [projlernation, Fr. from projlratej]
1. Theatft of falling down in adoration.
Nor is only a rei'olved projlration unto antiquity, a power¬
ful enemy unto knowledge, but any confident adherence unto
authority. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The worfhip of the Gods had been kept up in temples,
with-altars, images, facrifices, hymns and propations. Stilling.
The truths, they had fublcribed to in i'peculation, they
reverfed by a brutifh fenfelefs devotion, managed with a
o-reater prpation of reafon than of body. South's Sermons.
2. Deje&ion ; depreftion.
A fudden projlration of ftrength or weaknefs attends this
colick. “ Arbuthmt.
Prosty'le. n.f. [projlyle, Fr. jtjoYuA©*.] A building that has
only pillars in the front. DiCl.
ProsyTlogism. n.f. [pro and fyllogifm.]
A profyllogifm is when two or more fyllogifms are fo con¬
nected together, that the conclufion of the former is the
major or the minor of the following. WMs.
Prota'sis. n.f. [protafe, Fr. ttjorairif.J
I. A maxim or propofition.
2" In the ancient drama, the firft part of a comedy or tragedy
that explains the argument of the piece. ^ DiCl.
ProTA'tick. n.f. [jprotatique, Fr. ^orarixo?.]
There are protatick perlons in the ancients, whom they ufe
in their plays to hear or give the- relation. Dryden.
To PROTE'CT. v. a. [proteClus, Lat. proteger, Fr.] To
defend ; to cover fromjwil; to fhield.
Shakefp.
The kingV—'
Had virtuous uncles to proteCl his grace.
Leave not the faithful fide.
That gave thee being, ftill fhades thee and protects. Milt.
Full inthemidft of his own ftrength he ftands,
Stretching his brawny arms and leafy hands,
His fhade protects the plains. Dryden s Virgil.
Protection, n.f. [protection, Fr. from protect.]
j. Defence; fhelter from evil.
Drive tow’rd Dover, friend, where thou fhalt meet
Both welcome and prAeClion. Shakefp. King Bear.
If the weak might find protection from the mighty, they
could not with juftice lament their condition. Swift.
2. A pafiport; exemption from being molefted : as, he had a
protection during the rebellion.
Protective, adj. [from protect.] Defenfive ; lhcltenng.
The {lately failing fwan guards his ofier ifle,
Protective of his young. Thomfont
Prote'ctor. n.f [protedeur, Fr. from prated.']
j. Defender ; {helterer ; fupporter ; one who fhields from evil
or oppreffion ; guardian.
Hither th’ oppreft’ed {hall henceforth refort,
Juftice to crave, and iuccour at your court;
And then your highnefs, not for our’s alone.
But for the world’s protector {hall be known. TValler.
The king of Spain, who hprotcClor of the commonwealth,
received information from the great duke. Addifon.
2 An officer who had heretofore the care of the kingdom in
* the king’s minority.
Is it concluded, he {hall be protector ?
—It is determin’d, not concluded yet. Shakefp.
Protectress, n.f [proteClrice, Fr. from protector.] A wo¬
man that protects. - , r
All things {hould be guided by her direction, as the fovereign patronefs and protedrefs of the enterpnze. Bacon.
Behold thofc arts with a propitious eve,
That fuppliant to their great-proteClrefs fly. . AMfin.
To Prote'nd. v. a. [protendo, Lat.] Io hold out, o ftietch
forthAU flood with their pretended fpears prepar’d. Dryden.
With his protended lance he makes defence. ryc en.
Prote'rvity. n.f [protervitas, Latin,] lecvifhnefs; petu¬
lance.
PRO
To PROTE'ST. v.n. [prptejlor, Lat. protejleg, Fr.] To give
a folemn declaration of opinion or refolutipn.
Here’s the twin brother of thy letter; but let thine inherit
firft, for, I protejl, mine never fhall. Shakejp.
The peaking cornuto comes in the mftant, after we had
protejled and fpoke the prologue of our comedy. Shakefp.
I have long lov’d her; and I protejl to you, bellowed much
on her ; followed her with a doating obfervance. Shakefp.
He protcjls againft your votes, and fwears
He’ll not be try’d by any but his peers. Denham.
The confcience has power to difapprove and to protejl
againft the exorbitances of the paffions. South*.
To Prote'st. v. a.
1. To prove ; to ftiow ; to give evidence of. Not ufed.
Many unfought youths, that even now
Protejl their firft of manhood. Shakefp. Macbeth.
2, To call as a witnefs.
Fiercely they oppos’d
My journey ftrange, with clamorous uproar,
Protejling fate fupreme. Milton.
Protest, n.f. [from the verb.] A folemn declaration of
opinion againft fomething.
Pro'testant. adj. [from protejl.] Belonging to proteftants.
Since the fpreading of the protejlant religion, feveral nat.ons
are recovered out of their ignorance. Addijon.
Pro'testant. n. f [protejlrnt, Fr. from protejl.] One of
thofe who adhere to them, who, at the beginning of the re¬
formation, protefted againft the errours of the church of Rome.
This is the firft example of any proteftant fubjeils, that have
taken up arms againft their king a proteftant. K. Charles.
Protestation, n.f. [protejlation, Fr. from protejl.'] A fo¬
lemn declaration of refolution, fa£l or opinion.
He maketh protejlation to them of Corinth, that the gofpel
did not by other means prevail with them, than with others
the fame gofpel taught by the reft of the apoftles. Hooker.
But to your protejlation; let me hear
What you profefs. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
If the lords of the council blued out any order againft
them, fome nobleman publiftied a protejlation againft it.' Claren.
I fmiled at the folemn protejlation of the poet in the firft
page, that he believes neither in the fates or deftinies. Addif
Prote ster, n.f. [from'protejl.'] One who protefts ; one who
utters a folemn declaration.
Did I ufe
To ftale with ordinary oaths my love
* To every new protejler ? Shakefp. Julius Co;far.
What if he were one of the lateft. prote/lers againft popery ?
and bufcone among many, that fet about the fame work ? Att.
PROTHO'NOTARY. n. f [pronoiaire, Fr. protonotarius,
Lat.] The head regifter.
S'aligniacus, the pope’s proihotiotary, denies the Nubians
profeffing of obedience to the biflaop of Rome. Brerewood.
Prothono T ARISHIP. n.f [from prothonoiary.] The office or
dignity of the principal regifter.
He had the prothonotari/hip of the chancery. Carew.
Pro'tocol. n.f. [prAokol, Dutch ; protocole, Fr. 7rgfoxo\Xov,
from and xoAA'L] The original copy of any writing.
An original is ftiled the protocol, or feriptura matrix ; and
if the protocol, which is the root and foundation of the inftru¬
ment, does not appear, the inftrument is not valid.. Ayiiffe.
Protoma'rtyr. n.f. [7r£>w-r©p and p.ooglvg.] The firft martyr.
A term applied to St. Stephen.
Protoplast, n.f. [tt-^wt^ andVAarof.] Original; thing
firft: formed as a copy to be followed afterwards.
The confumption was the primitive efifeafe, which put a
period to our protoplajls, Adam and Eve. Harvey.
Pro'totype. n.f. [prototype, Fr. irguTOTU7rov.] The original
of a copy ; exemplar ; archetype.
Man is the prototype of all exadt fymmetry. Wcttoni
The image and prototype were two diftiridt things ; and
therefore what belonged to the exemplar could not be attri¬
buted to the image. Stillingfleet.
To PROTRA'CT, v. a. [protraClus, Lat.] To draw out;
to delay ; to lengthen ; to fpin to length.
Where can they get victuals to fupport fuch a multitude,
if we do but protraCl the war. Knolles.
He fhrives this woman to her fmock ;
Elfe ne’er could he fo long protraCl his fpeech. Shakefp.
Protra'ct. n.f. [from the verb.] Tedious continuance.
Since I did leave the prefence of my love,
Many long weary days I have out-worn.
And many nights, that (lowly feem’d to move
Their fad protraCl from evening until morn. Spenfer.
Protra'ctER. n.f. [from protraCl;]
1. One who draws out any thing to tedious length.
2. A mathematical inftrument for taking and meafuririg angles.
Protraction, n.f. [from protraCl.] The adt of drawing to
length.
Thofe delays
And long protraCli.n, which he muft endure.
—Betrays —* J w the — » — — opportunity. v ^ . £ ' V . . M II. ' J * -Daniel.—'
As to the fabulous protractions of the age of the world by
the Egyptians, they are uncertain idle traditions. Hale.
Protra'ctiye.
>
PRO
1’Rotra'ctive. adj. [from preiraft.] Dilatory; delaying;
{pinning to length-.
Our works are nought clfe
But the protrhftine tryals of great Jove5 ?
To find perfiftive conftancy in men. Shaaefp.
He luffer’d their protrctftive arts,
And ftrove by mildnefs to reduce their hearts; Drydm.
pROTRe pticAL. adj. [7r^ol^7riotof.] Hortatory; fuafory.
The means ufed are partly didactical and proiroptical; detnonftrating the truths of the gofpel, and then urging the profeffors to be ftedfaft in the faith, and beware of infidelity
Ward on Infidelity.
To Protrude, v. a. [protrudo, Lat.] To thruft forward.
When the ftomach has performed its office upon the food,
it protrudes it into the guts, by whofe periftaltick motion it is
gently conveyed along.* Locke.
They were not left, upon the fea’s being protruded forwards,
and conftrained to fall off from certain coafts by the mud or
earth, which is discharged into it by rivers. Woodward.
By flow degrees,
High as the hills protrude the {welling vales. Fhonfon.
His'left arm extended, and fore fingei proti uded. Gailick.
rfo Protru'd k. v. n. 1 o thruft ltfelt forv/aid.
If the fpirits be not merely detain’d, but protrude a little,
and that motion be .confufed, there followeth putrefadtion.
Bacon s Nat. FUJI.
Protru'sioN. n. f. [protrufus, Lat.] The adt of thrulling
forward ; thruft ; pufli.
To conceive this in bodies inflexible, and without all protrup
fion of parts, were to expedt a race from Hercules his
pillars. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
One can have the idea of one body moved, whilft others^
are at reft; then the place, it deferted, gives us the idea of
pure f pace without Solidity, whereinto another body may enter,
without either refillance or protrufion of any thing. Locke.
Protuberance, n. f. [protubero, Lat.] Something fwelling
above the reft ; prominence ; tumour.
If the world were eternal, by the continual fall and wear¬
ing of waters, all the protuberances of the earth w’ould infinite
ages fince have been levelled, and the fuperficies of the earth
rendered plain. Dale s Origin ofi Mankind.
Mountains feem but fo many wens and unnatural protuberanees upon the face of the earth. More.
Protuberant, adj. [from protuberate.~\ Swelling; prominent.
One man’s eyes are more protuberant and fwelling out,
another’s more funk and deprefl'ed. Glanfil s Scepf.
Though the eye leems round, in reality the iris is protube¬
rant above the white, elfe the eye could not have admitted a
whole hemifphere at one view. Ray.
To PROTU'BERATE. v. n. [protubero, Lat.] To fwell for¬
ward ; to fwell out beyond the parts adjacent.
If the navel protuberates, make a fmall pundture with a
lancet through the fkin, and the waters will be voided with¬
out any danger of a hernia fucceeding. Sharp s Suigery.
PROUD, adj. [ppube or ppur, Saxon ]
1. Too much pleafed with himfelf.
The proudeji admirer of his own parts might find it ufeful
to confult with others, though of inferior capacity. Watts.
2. Elated; valuing himfelf. With of before the object.
Fortune, that with malicious joy.
Docs man her flave opprefs,
Proud of her office to deftroy.
Is feldom pleas’d to blefs. ? Dryden’s Horace.
In vain of pompous chaftity you sc proud.
Virtue’s adultery of the tongue, when loud. Dryden.
High as the mother of the gods in place.
And proud, like her, of an immortal race. Dryden.
3. Arrogant ; haughty ; impatient. _
The patient in fpirit is better than the proud in fpint. EccluJ.
A foe fo proud will not the weaker leek. Milton.
4. Daring ; prefumptuous.
By his underftanding he fmiteth through the proud. J°b.
The blood foretold the giant’s fall,
By this proud Palmer’s hand. Drayton.
The proud attempt thou haft repell’d. Milton.
Proud Sparta with their wheels refounds. Pope.
5. Lofty of mien ; grand of perfon.
He like a proud fteed rein’d, went haughty on. Milton.
6. Grand ; lofty ; fplen'did ; magnificent.
So much is true, that the laid country of Atlantis, as well
as that of Peru, then called Coya, as that of Mexico, then
named Tyrambel, were mighty and proud kingdoms in arms,
{hipping and riches. Bacon’s New Atlantis.
City and proud feat. Milton.
Storms of ftones from the proud temple’s height
Pour down, and on our batter’d helms alight. Dryden.
L he palace built by Picus vaft and proud,
Supported by a hundred pillars. Dryden.
- Oftcntatious; fpecious; grand.
I better brook the lofs of brittle life.
Than thofe proud titles thou haft won of me. Shakefp.
PRO
8. Salacious ; eager for the male.
That camphire begets in men an impotency unto vener}%
obfervation will hardly confirm, and we have found it fail in
cocks and hens, which was a more favourable tiyal than that
of Scaliger, when he gave it unto a bitch that was proud. Bro.
9. [Ppybe, Sax. is fwelling.] Fungous ; exuberant.
When the veffels are too lax, and do not lufficiently refift
the influx of the liquid, that begets a fungus or proud
pc{}1> Arbuthnot on Aliments.
This eminence is compofed of little points, called fungus
or proud flefh. Sharp’s Surgery.
Proudly, adv. [fromproud.'] Arrogantly; oftentatioufly;
in a proud manner.
He bears himfelf more proudly
Even to my perfon, than I thought he would. Shakefp.
The fwan
Between her white wings mantling proudly rows. Milton.
Ancus follows with a fawning air ;
But vain within, and proudly popular. Drydert.
Proudly he marches on, and void of fear ;
Vain infolence. Addifon.
To Pr ve. v. a. [probo, Lat. prouver, Fr.]
1. To evince; to fhow by argument or teftimony.
Let the trumpet found,
If none appear to prove upon thy perfon
Thy heinous, manifeft, and many treafons.
There is my pledge ; I’ll prove it on thy heart. Shakefp.
So both their deeds compar’d this day {hall prove. Milt.
Smile on me, and I will prove,
Wonder is fhorter liv’d than love. JValler.
If it prove any thing, it can only prove againft our author,
that the aflignment of dominion to the eldcft is not by divine
inftitution. Locke.
In fpite of Luther’s declaration, he will prove the tenet
upon him. Atterbury.
2. To try ; to bring to the teft.
Wilt thou thy idle rage by reafon prove ?
Or fpeak thofe thoughts, which have no power to move?
Sandys.
Thy overpraifing leaves in doubt
The virtue of that fruit, in thee firft prov’d. Milton.
3. To experience.
Delay not the prefent, but
Filling the air with fwords advanc’d, and darts.
We prow this very hour. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Could fenfe make Marius fit unbound, and prove
The cruel lancing of the knotty gout. Davies:
Well I deferv’d Evadne’s fcorn to prove.
That to ambition facrific’d my love. Waller.
Let him in arms the pow’r of Turnus prove.
And learn to fear whom he difdains to love. Dryden.
To Prove, v. n.
1. To make tryal.
Children prove, whether they can rub upon the breaft with
one hand, and pat upon the forehead with another. Bacon.
The fons prepare
Meeting like winds broke loofe upon the main,
To prove by arms whofe fate it was to reign. Dryden.
2. To be found by experience.
Prove true, imagination ; oh, prove true,
That I, dear brother, be now ta’en for you. Shakefp.
All efculent and garden herbs, fet upon the tops of hills,
will prove more medicinal, though lefs efculent. Bacon.
3. To fucceed.
If the experiment proved not, it might be pretended, that
the beafts were not killed in the due time. Bacon.
4. To be found in the event.
The fair bloffom hangs the head
Sideways, as on a dying bed,
And thofe pearls of dew fhe wears,
Prove to be prefaging tears. Milton.
The beauties which adorn’d that age.
The fhining fubjedts of his rage ;
Hoping they (hould immortal prove,
Rewarded with fuccefs in love. Waller.
When the inflammation ends in a gangrene, tire cafcproves
mortal. Arbuthnot.
Property, you fee it alter,
Or in a mortgage prow a lawyer’s (hare.
Or in a jointure vanifh from the heir. Pope.
Pro'veable. adj. [from prove.] That may be proved.
Prove'ditor. I n. f. [proveditore, Italian.] One who underProvedo're. 3 takes to procure fupplies for an army.
The Jews, in thofe ages, had the office ofprovedore. Friend.
Pro'v ENDF.R. n. f. [provande, Dutch; provende, fit-.] ty
food for brutes ; hay and corn.
Good provender labouring horfes would have. lWr‘
I do appoint him ftore of provender;
It is a creature that I teach to fight. Shakefp.
Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave
Wears out his time, much like his mafter’s afs,
For nought but provender. Shakefp. Ot tells.
PRO PRO
Whene’er he chanc’d his hands to lay
On magazines of corn or hay,
Gold ready coin’d appear’d, inRead
Of paultryprovender and bread. Swift's MifceU
For a fortnight before you kiil them, fed them with hay
or other provender. ^ Mortimer.
PROVERB- n.f. [proverbs, Fr. proverb!urn, Lat.]
l.A fhort fentence frequently repeated by the people; a faw;
an adage.
The fum of his whole book of proverbs is an exhortation
to the Rudy of this practick wifdom. Decay of Riety.
It is in praife and commendation of men, as it is in get¬
tings and gains; tor the proverb is true, that light gains make
heavy purfes ; for light gains come thick, whereas great come
but now and then. Bacons Ejj'ays.
The Iralian proverb fays of the Genoefe, that they have a
fea without fdh, land without trees, and men without faith.
Add!Jon.
2. A word, name or obfervation commonly received or uttered,
d hou haft delivered us for a fpoil, and a proverb of re¬
proach. Tob. iii. 4*
To Pko verb. v. a. [from the noun.] Not a good word.
1. To mention in a proverb.
Am I not fung and proverb'd for a fool
In ev’ry ftreet; do they not fay, how well
Are come upon him his deferts ? Milton's Agonifes,
2. To provide with a proverb.
Let wantons, light of heart,
Tickle the fenfelefs rufhes with their heels :
For I am proverb'd with a grandfire phrafe ;
I’ll be a candle-holder and look on. Sbakcfp.
Pk.ove'RBIAL. adj. [proverbial, Fr. from proverb.]
1. Mentioned in a proverb.
In caib of excelles, I take the German proverbial cure, by
a hair of the fame beaft, to be the word in the world ; and
the beft, the monks diet, to eat till you are lick, and faft till
you are well again. Temple's Mifeel.
De'pis’d and curs’d Leontius muft defeend
Through hilling ages, a proverbial coward. Irene.
2. Refembling a proverb ; fuitable to a proverb.
This river’s head being unknown, and drawn to a prover¬
bial obfeurity, the opinion thereof became without bounds.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
3. Comprifed in a proverb.
Moral fentences and proverbial fpeeches are numerous in
this poet. Pope.
Prove rbially, adv. [from proverbial.] In a proverb.
It is proverbially faid, formicae fua bills ineft, habet & mufea
fplenem ; whereas thefe parts anatomy hath not difeovered in
infects. Brawn's Vulgar Errours.
To PROVIDE, v. a. [provideo, Lat.]
1. To procure beforehand ; to get ready; to prepare.
God will provide himfelf a lamb for a burnt-offering. Gen.
Provide out of all, able men that fear God. Ex. xviii. 21.
He happier (eat provides for us. Milton.
2. To furnifh 3 to iupply. With of or zvith before the thing
provided.
Part incentive reed
Provide, pernicious with one touch to fire. Milton.
To make experiments of gold, he provided of a confervatory of fnow, a good large vault under ground, and a deep
well. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The king forthwith provides him of a guard,
A thoufand archers daily to attend. Daniel.
If I have really drawn a portrait to the knees, let fome
better artift provide himfelf of a deeper canvas, and taking
thefe hints, let the figure on its legs, and finifh it. Dryden.
. He went,
IVith large expence and with a pompous train
Provided, as to vifit France or Spain. Dryden.
An earth well provided of all requifite things for an habi¬
table world. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Rome, by the care of the magiftrates, was well provided
with corn. Arbuthnot on Coins.
When the monafteries were granted away, the parifhes
were left deftitute, or very meanly provided of any mainte¬
nance for a paftor. Swift's Mifcel.
They were of good birth, and fuch who, although inheriting
good eftates, yet happened to be well educated, and provided
with learning. • Swift.
3. Toftipulate.
4. To Provide againji. To take meafures for counteracting
or efcaping any ill.
Sagacity of brutes in defending themfelves, providing againji
the inclemency of the weather, and care for theiryoung. Hale.
Some men, inftructed by the lab ring ant.
Provide againf th’ extremities of want. Dryden.
Fraudulent practices were provided againji by laws. Arbuth.
5. To Provide for. To take care of beforehand.
States, which will continue, are above all things to uphold
the reverend regard of religion, and to provide for the fame
by all means. Hooker, b. v.f. 2.
He hath intent, his wonted followers
Shall all be very well providedfor. Shakefp.
A provident man providesfor the future* Raleigh•
My arbitrary bounty’s undeny’d ;
I give reverlions, andfor heirs provide. Garth.
He will have many dependents, whofe wants he cannot
providefor. Addifcn.
Provided that. [This has the form of an adverbial expreffion,
and the French number pourveu que among their conjunctions ;
it is however the participle ofthe verbprovide, ufed as the Latin*
auclito base fieri.] Upon thefe terms 3 this ftipulatiort being
made.
If I come off, file your jewel, this your jewel, and my
gold are yours; provided I have your commendation for my
more free entertainment. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
I take your offer, and will live with you;
Provided that you do no outrages. Shakefp*
Provided that he fet up his refolution, r.ot to let himielf
down below the dignity of a wife man. L'Efrange.
PRo'vidence. n.f [providence, Fr. providentia, Lat.]
1. Forefight; timely care; forecaft ; the aeft of providing.
The only people, which as by their juftice and providence
give neither caufe nor hope to their neighbours to annoy them,
fo are they not ftirred with falfe praife to trouble others
quiet. . Sidneyk
Providence for war is the beft prevention of it* Bacon.
An eftablilhed character fpreads the influence of fuch as
move in a high fphere, on all around ; it reaches farther than
their own care and providence can do. Atte bury.
2. The care of God over created beings; divine fuperintendence.
This appointeth unto them their kinds of working, the
difpofition whereof, in the purity of God’s own knowledge,
is rightly termed providence. Hooker*
Is it not an evident fign of his wonderful providence over
us, when that food of eternal life, upon the utter want whereof
our endlefs deftrudfion enlueth, is prepared and always fet in
fuch a readinefs. Hooker*
Eternal providence exceeding thought,
Where none appears can make herfelt away. Spenfer.
Providence is an intellectual knowledge, both forefeeino-,
caring for, and ordering all things, and doth not only behold
all paft, all prefent, and all to come; but is the caufe of
their fo being, which prefcience is not. Raleigh*
The world was all before them, where to chufe
Their place of reft, and providence their guide. Milton.
They could not move me from my fettled faith in God and
his providence. More's Divine Dialogues.
3. Prudence; frugality; reafonable and moderate care of ex¬
pence.
By thrift my finking fortune to repair,
Though late, yet is at laft become my cafe ;
My heart fhall be my own, my vaft expence
Reduc’d to bounds, by timely providence. # Dryden.
Pro'vident. adj. [providens, Lat.J Forecafting; cautious 3
prudent with refpedt to futurity.
I faw your brother
Mod provident in peril, bind himfelf
To a ftrong maft that liv’d upon the fea. Shakefp.
We ourfelves account fuch a man for provident, as remem¬
bering things paft, and obferving things prelent, can, by
judgment, and comparing the one with the other, provide for
the future. Raleigh.
Firft crept
The parfimonious emmet, provident
Of future. _ Milton.
Orange, with youth, experience has,
In adlion young, in council old;
Orange is what Auguftus was.
Brave, wary, provident and bold. Waller.
A very prolperous people, flulhed with great fucceffes, are
feldom fo pious, fo humble, fo juft, or fo provident, as to
perpetuate their happinefs. Atterbury.
ProVide'ntial. adj. [from providence.] Effedfed bv provi¬
dence ; referrible to providence.
What a confufion would it bring upon mankind, if thofe,
unfatisfied with the providential diftribution of heats and colds,
might take the government into their own hands. L'Ejlrange.
The lilies grow, and the ravens are fed, according to the
courfe of nature, and yet they are made arguments of pro¬
vidence, nor are thefe things lefs providential, becaufe re¬
gular. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
The fcorched earth, were it not for this remarkably provi¬
dential contrivance of things, would have been uninhabitable- . . . Woodward.
This thin, this foft contexture of the air,
Shows the wife author’s providential care. Blackmore
Providentially, adv. [from providential.] By the care of
providence. }
Every animal is providentially directed to the life of its pro¬
per weapons Raymtb.Creatin.
. “ happened very providentially to the honour of the chriftian religion, that it did not take its rife in the dark illiterate
ages of the world, but at a time when arts and fciences were
Addifon.
20 R Pro'vidently.
at their height.
PRO
Providently, crdv. [from provident.'] With forelight; with
wife precaution.
Nature having defigned water-fowls to fly in the air, and
live in the water, (he providently makes theii leathers of fuch
a texture, that they do not admit the watei. Boyle.
Provider. n.f. [fromprovide.] He who provides or pro¬
cures*
Here’s money for my meat,
I would have left it on the board, fo foon
As 1 had made my meal, and parted thence
With prayers for the provider. _ Sbakefp.
PRO'VINCE." n.f. [province, Fr. provincia, Latin.]
1. A conquered country ; a country governed by a delegate.
Thofe provinces thefe arms of mine did conquer. Shak.
Greece, Italy and Sicily were divided into commonwealths,
till fwallowed up, and made provinces by Rome. Temple.
See them broke with toils, or funk in eal'e.
Or infamous for plunder’d provinces. Pope.
2. The proper office or bufinefs of any one.
I am fit for honour s toughell talk ; .,
Nor ever yet found fooling was my province. Otway.
Nor can I alone fuftain this day’s province. More.
’Tis thine, whate’er is pleafant, good or fair;
• All nature is thy province, life thy care. Dryden.
’ i is not the pretor’s province to beftow
True freedom. Dryden s'Perfus.
The woman’s province is to be careful in her oeconomy,
and chafte in her affection. Tatler.
3. A region ; a trail.
Over many a trail
Of heav’n they march’d, and many a province wide. Milt.
1 heir underhand ings are cooped up in narrow bounds ;
fo that they never look abroad into other provinces of the mtelleitual world. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Provi ncial, adj. [provincial, b r. from province.2
1. Relating to a province.
The duke dare not more firetch
This finger of mine, than he dare rack his own;
His fubjeit am I not, nor here provincial. Sbakefp.
2. Appendant to the provincial country.
Some have delivered the polity of fpirits, and left an ac¬
count even to their provincial dominions. Brown,
3. Not of the mother country ; rude; unpolifhed.
They build and treat with fuch magnificence,
That, like th’ ambitious monarchs of the age,
They give the law to our provincial Huge. Dryden.
A country ’fquire having only the provincial accent upon
his tongue, which is neither a fault, nor in his power to re¬
medy, mull marry a call wench. _ _ Swift.
4. Belonging only to an archbifhop s junfdidlion ; not aecumenical.
A law made in a provincial fynod, is properly termed a
provincial conftitution. Ayliffte’s Parergon.
Provincial, n.f. [provincial, Fr. from province.'] A fpiritual
governor.
Valignanus was provincial of the Jefuits in the Indies. Still.
To Pkovi'nciate. v. a. [fromprovince.'] To turn to a pro¬
vince. A word not in ufe.
When there was a defign to provinciate the whole king¬
dom Druina, though offered a canton, would not accept
of jt* Howel's Vocal Forejl.
To Provi'ne. v. n. [provigner, Fr.] To lay a flock or branch
of a vine in the ground to take root foi more encieafe.
PROVISION, n.f. [provifion, Fr. provifio, Latin.]
1. The a£t of providing beforehand. _
Kalander knew, that provifion is the foundation of hofpitality, and thrift the fewel of magnificence. Sidney.
2. Meafures taken beforehand.
Five days we do allot thee for provifion,
To fhield thee from difaflers of the world. . Sbakefp.
He preferved all points of humanity, in taking order and
making provifion for the relief of flrangers diflrefled. Bacon.
The prudent part is to propofe remedies for the prefent
evils, and povifions againft future events. Temple.
Religion lays the ftridleft obligations upon men, to make
the bell provifion for their comfortable fubfiltence in this world,
and their falvation in the next. Tillotfon.
3. Accumulation of Ilores beforehand ; flock collected.
Mendoza advertifed, that he would valiantly defend the
city, fo long as he had any provifion of vi&uals. Knolles.
In fuch abundance lies our choice.
As leaves a greater flore of fruit untouch d,
Still hanging incorruptible, till men
Grow up to their provifion. Milton.
David, after he had made fuch vafl provifion of materials
for the temple, yet bccaufe he had dipt his hands in blood,
was not permitted to lay a flone in that facred pile. South.
4. Victuals; food; provender.
He caufcd provisions to be brought in. Clarendon.
Provifions laid in large for man or bead. Milton.
5. Stipulation ; terms fettled.
This law was only to reform the degenerate Englifh, but
there was no care taken for the reformation of the mere Irilh,
PRO
no ordinance, no provifion made for the abolifhing of their
barbarous cufloms. Davies on Ireland.
Provisional, adj. [provifonel,Yr. from provijion.] tempo¬
rarily eflablifhed ; provided for prefent need.
The commend a femeflris grew out of a natural equity,
that, in the time of the patron’s refpite given him to prefent,
the church fhould not be without a provfional pallor. Aylijfe.
Provisionally, adv. [fromprovifwnal.) By way of provifion.
The abbot of St. Martin Was born, was baptized, and
declared a man provijionally, till time lhould fhew what he
would prove, nature had moulded him fo untowardly. Locke.
PROFI'SO. n.f [Latin: as, provifo rem itaJe habituram ejje.J
Stipulation ; caution ; provifional condition.
This provifo is needful, that the fheriffi may not have the
like power of life as the marfhal hath. Spenjer.
Some will allow the church no further power, than only
to exhort, and this but with a provifo too, that it extends not
to fuch as think theinfelves too wile to be advifed. South.
He doth deny his priforters.
But with provifo and exception,
That we, at our own charge, ifliall ranfom flrait
His brother-in-law* Sbakefp. Henry IV.
Provoca tion. n. J. provocatio, Lat. provocation, Fr.J
1. An adl or caufe by which anger is railed.
It is a fundamental law, in the Turkifh empire, that they
may, without any other provocation, make war upon Chriflendom for the propagation of their lav/. Bacon.
Tempt not my lwelling rage
With black reproaches, feern and provocation. Smith.
2. An appeal to a judge.
A provocation is every a£l, whereby the office of the judge
or his affiftance is afked ; a provocation including both a ju¬
dicial and an extrajudicial appeal. Aylijje_
3. I know not whether, in the following paflage, it be appeal
or incitement.
1 he like effedls may grow in all towards their pallor, and
in their paftor towards every of them, between whom there
daily and interchangeably pals in the hearing of God himfelf,
and in the prefence of his hoiy angels, 10 many heavenly ac¬
clamations, exultations, provocations, and petitions. Hooker.
Provoca tive.n.J. [from provoke.] Anything which re¬
vives a decayed or cloyed appetite.
There would be no variety or tafles to foilicit his palate,
and occafion excels, nor any artificial provocatives to relieve
fatiety. _ _ Aadifon.^
Pro'vocativeness. n.f. [from provocative.] The quality of
being provocative.
To PROVO KE, v. a. [provoquer, Fr. provoco, Latin.]
j. To roufe ; to excite by lomething offenlive ; to awake.
Ye provoke me unto wrath, burning incenfe unto other
Gods. Jcr’ Miv. 8.
Neither to provoke nor dread
New war provok'd. Milton.
To whet their courage, and their rage provoke. Dryden.
I neither lear, nor will provoke the war. Dryden.
2. To anger ; to enrage ; to offend.; to incenfe.
Though often provoked, by the infolence of fome of the
bifhops, to a diflike of their overmuch fervour, his integrity
to the king was without blemifh. Clarendon.
Such acls
Of contumacy will provoke the higheft. Milton.
Agamemnon provokes Apollo agamit them, whom he was
willing to appeale afterwards. Pope.
3. To caufe ; to promote.
Drink is a great provoker ; it provokes and unprovokes. Sha.
One Petro covered up his patient with warm cloaths, and
when the fever began a little to decline, gave him cold water
to drink till he provoked fweat. Arbuthnot.
4. To challenge.
He now provokes the fea-gods from the fhore.
With envy Triton heard the martial found.
And the bold champion tor his challenge drown’d. Dryden.
5. To induce by motive ; to move ; to incite.
We may not be Ilartled at the breaking of the exterior
earth ; for the face of nature hath provoked men to think of,
and obferve fuch a thing. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
To Provo'ke. v. n.
1. To appeal. A Latinifm.
Arius and Pelagius durfl provoke
To what the centuries preceding fpoke. Dryden.
2. To produce anger. »
It was not your brother’s evil difpofition made him feek his
death, but a provoking merit. Sbakefp. King Lear.
The Lord abhorred them, becaufe of the provoking of his
J.Jciitr• xxxn. 19*
If we confider man in fuch a loathfome and provoking condition, was it not love enough, that he was permitted to en¬
joy a being. Ja>'lor'
Provo'ker. n.f. [from provoke.] •
1. One that raifes anger.
As in all civil infurre&ions, the ringleader is looked on
with a peculiar feverity, fo, in this cale, the firft provoker
has double portion of the guilt. Government of the Tsngue.
? ' '2. C&uler;
PRO
2' ^nlhik 'siTisTgreat provoker of nofepainting, fleep, and
Dnnk, bir, » d i Sbakefp. Macbeth.
PrTvo kingly, [from provoking.] In fuch a manner as
t0 Wheii'we fee a man that yefterday kept a humiliation, to-
, , jnvadin^ the pofleffions of his brethren, we need no other
roof*how "hypocritically and provoklngly he confeflcd his
pride. „ Decay °f PietyPRO'VOST. n.f. [prapayr, Sax. provojl, Fr. provojlo, Ital.
freehojitus, Rat.]
Xlte chief of anybody: as, the provolt <5/" a college.
2. The executioner of an army.
Kindlon, provojl marfhalof the king’s army, was deemed
not only cruel but inhuman in his executions. Hayward.
Pro'vostship. n;f [fromprovojl.'] The office of a provoft.
C. Pifo firft rofe, and afterwards was advanced to the
provo/ljhip of Rome by Tiberius. Hakewill.
Prow. n.f. [prone, Fr. proa, Spanifh ; prora, Lat.] The head
or forepart of a (nip.
I he fea-vidory of Vefpafian was a lady holding a palm
in her hand, at her foot the prow of a fhip. Peackam.
Straight to the Dutch he turns his dreadful prow,
More fierce th’ important quarrel to decide. Dryden.
Prow. adj. Valiant. Spenjer.
Prowess, n.f. [prodezza, Italian; prouefse, Fr.] Bravery;
-'"valour ; military gallantry.
Men of fuch prowefs, as not to know fear in themfelves,
and yet to teach it in others that fhould deal with them ; for
they had often made their lives triumph over moft terrible
dangers, never difmayed, and ever fortunate. Sidney.
I hope
That your wifdom will direct my thought.
Or that your prowefs can me yield relief. Fa. Sfteen.
By heav’ns mere grace, not by our prowefs done. F. flu.
Henry the fifth.
By his prowefs conquered all France. Sbakefp.
Nor fhould thy prowefs want praife and efteefn,
But that ’tis Ihewn in treafon. Sbakefp. Plenty VI.
Thofe are they
Firft feen in ads of prowefs eminent,
And <meat exploits ; but of true virtue void. Milton.
Thefe beyond compare of mortal prowefs. AllIton.
Michael ! of cceleftial armies prince ;
And thou in military prowefs next,
Gabriel! Milton s Par. Lofl, b. vi.
The vigour of this arm was never vain,
And that my wonted prowefs I retain,
Witnefs thefe heaps of daughter on the plain. Dryden
Thefe were the entertainments of the fofter nations, that
fell under the virtue and prowefs of the two laft empires. Temp.
Pro'west. adj. [the fuperlative formed from prow, adj.]
1. Braveft; moft valiant.
They be two of the prowefl knights on ground,
And oft approv’d in many a hard allay,
And eke of fureft fteel, that may be found.
Do arm yourfelf againft that day them to confound. F.
2. Brave ; valiant.
The faireft of her fex, Angelica,
His daughter, fought by many prowefl knights. Milton.
To PROWL, v. a. [Of this word the etymology is doubtful :
the old didionaries write prole, which the dreamer Cafaubon
derives from 7r^oaX»i?, ready, quick. Skinner, a jar more
judicious etymologift, deduces it from proieler, a diminutive
formed by himfelf from proier, to prey, Fr. perhaps it may
be formed, by accidental corruption, from patrol.] To rove
over.
He prowls each place, ftill in new colours deckt,
Sucking one’s ill, another to infect. Sidney.
To Prowl? v. n. To wander for prey ; to prey ; to plunder.
The champion robbeth by night,
And prowleth and filcheth by daie. Tujfer.
Nor do they bear fo quietly the lofs of fome parcels confifeated abroad, as the great detriment which they fuffer by
fome prowling vice-admiral or publick minifter. Raleigh.
As when a prowling wolf,
Whom hunger drives to feek new haunt for prey. Milton.
Shall he, who looks ered on heav’11,
E’er ftoop to mingle with the prowling herd.
And dip his tongue in gore. Thomfon.
And here the fell attorney prowls for prey. Anon.
Prowler, n.f [from prowl.] One that roves about for
prt)r' On churchyards drear.
The difappointed proivlers fall, and dig
The fhrouded body from the grave . Thomfon
PROXIMATE. adj. [proxtmus, Lat.] Next in the fcries of
ratiocination; near and immediate : oppofed to remote and
mediate. n , .
Writing a theory of the deluge, we were to mew the proxi¬
mate natural caufes of it. Burnet's Theory of the twin.
Subftance is the remote genus ot bird, becaufe it agrees
not only to all kinds of animals, but alfo to things inanimate ;
• Vi*
,1
P R U
but animal is the proximate or neareft genus of bird, becaufi*
it agrees to feweft other things. . JVatts s Ldgick.
Prc/xim ately. adv. [from proximate.] Immediately; with¬
out intervention. #
The confideration of out mind, which is incorporeal, and
the contemplation of our bodies, which have all the cha.-
raders of excellent contrivance; thefe aloneeafily and proximately guide us to the wile author of all things. Bentley.
Proxime. adj. [proximus, Lat.] Next; immediate.
A fyllogifm is made up of three propolitions, and thefe of
three terms varioufly joined : the three terms are called the
remote matter of a lyllogilm,' the three propofitions the
pi oxime ot immediate matter of it. . _ JVatts's Ldgick.
Proxi'Jviity. n.f [proximite, Fr. proximitas, fromproximus,
Lat.] Nearnefs. .
When kingdoms have cuftomably been carried by right of
fucceflion, according to proximity of blood, the violation of
this coiirle hath always been dangerous. Hayward.
If he plead proximity of blood,
That empty title is with eale withllood. Dryden»
Add the convenience of the fituation of the eye, in r fped
of its proximity to the brain, the feat of common fenfe. Ray.
I can call to my afiiftance
Proximity, mark that! and diftance. Prior.
Muft we fend to ftab or poifon all the popifh princes, who
have any pretended title to our crown by the proximity of
blood ? Swift's Mijcellanits.
Pr/xy. n.f. [By contradion from procuracy.]
1. The agency of another.
2. '1 he fubftitution of another; the agency of a fubftitute ; ap¬
pearance of a reprefentative.
None ads a friend by a deputy, or can be familiar by
proxy. South's eermons»
Had Hyde thus fat by proxy too.
As Venus once was faid to do.
The painter muft have learch’d the Ikies,
To match the luftre of her eyes. Granvil.
3. The perlon fubftituted or deputed.
A wife man will commit no bufmefs of importance to a
proxy, where he may do it himfelf. L'Eft ange.
Pruce. n.f [Pruce is the old name for Pfuffia.] Pruftian
leather.
Some leathern bucklers ufe
Of folded hides, and others fhields of pruce. Dryden.
Prude, n.f. [prude, Fr.] A woman over nice and fcrupulous,
and with falfe affedation.
The graver prude finks downward to a gnome,
In fearch of mifehief, ftill on earth to roam. Pope.
Not one carelefs thought intrudes,
Lefs modeft than the fpeech of prudes. Swift.
Pru'dence. n.f. [prudence, Fr. prudentia, Lat.] Wifdom'
applied to pradice.
Under prudence is comprehended, that diferete, apt, fuiting, and difpofing as well of adions as words, in their due
place, time and manner. Peacham.
Prudence is principally in reference to adions to be done,
and due means, order, feafon, and method of doing or not
doing. Hale.
PRU'DENT. adj. [ prudent, Fr. prudens, Lat.]
1. Pradically wile.
The fimple inherit folly, but the prudent are crowned with
knowledge. Prov. xiv. 1 8.
I have feen a fon of Jeffe, that is a man of war, and pru¬
dent in matters. 1 Sam. xvi. 18.
The monarch prevented all reply,
Prudent, left others might offer. Milton.
2. Forefeeing by natural inftind.
So fteers the prudent crane
Her annual voyage. _ Milton.
Prude ntial, adj. [from prudent.] Eligible on principles of
prudence.
He ads upon the fureft and moft prudential grounds, who,
whether the principles, which he ads upon, prove true or
falfe, yet fecures a happy iflue to his adions. South.
Motives are only prudential, and not demonftrative. Tillot.
Thefe virtues, though of excellent ufe, fome prudentialrules
it is neceffary to take with them in pradice. Rogers.
Prude'ntials. n. f. Maxims of prudence or pradical
wifdom.
Many ftanzas, in poetick meafures, contain rules relating
to commonprudentials, as well as to religion: JVatts.
PrUDENTia'lity. n.f. [fromprudential.] Eligibility on prin¬
ciples of prudence.
Being incapable rightly to judge the prudeniiality of af¬
fairs, they only gaze upon the vifible fuccefs, and thereafter
condemn or cry up the whole progreffion. Brown.
Prude'ntially. adv. [from prudential.] According to the
rules of prudence.
If he ads pioufly, foberly and temperately, he ads pru¬
dent‘tally and fafely. South’s Sermons.
Pru'dently. adv. [from prudent.] Difcretely ; judicioufly.
Thefe laws were fo prudently framed, as they are found fit
for all fucceeding times. Bacons Henry VII.
Such
PRY
Such deep defigns of empire does he lay
O’er them, whofe caufe he feems to take in hand ;
And prudently would make them lords at fea,
To whom with eafe he can give laws by land. Drydcn.
Pru'dery. n.f [from prude.] Overmuch nicety in conduct.
Pru'dish. adj. [from prude.~\ Affedfedly grave.
I know you all expecft, from feeing me.
Some formal le&ure, fpoke with prudi/l) face. Garrick.
To PRUNE, v. a. [of unknown derivation.]
1. To lop j to diveft trees of their fuperfluities.
So lop’d and pruned trees do flourifli fair. Davies.
Let us ever extol
His bounty, following our delightful tafk,
To prune thofe growing plants,, and tend thefe flow’rs. Milt.
What we by day
Lop overgrown, or.prune, or prop, or bind.
One night with wanton growth derides,
Tending to wild. . Milton s Par. Lojl, b. lx.
Horace will our fuperfluous branches prune,
Give us new rules, and fet our harp in tune. Waller.
You have no lefs right to correct me, than the fame hand
that raifed a tree, has to prune it. Pope.
2. To clear from excrefcencies.
His royal bird
Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his beak. Shakefp.
Many birds prune their feathers ; and crows feem to call
upon rain, which is but the comfort they receive in the re¬
lenting of the air. Bacon s Nat. Hift.
The mufe, whofe early voice you taught to fing,
Prefcrib’d her heights, and jSrwraW her tender wing. Pope.
To Prune, v.n. To drefs; to prink. A ludicrous word.
Every fcribbling man
Grows a fop as fall: as e’er he can.
Prunes up, and afks his oracle the glafs,
If pink or purple beft become his face. Dryden.
Prune, n. J. [prune, pruneau, Fr. prunum, Lat.] A dried
plum.
In drying of pears and prunes in the oven, and removing
of them, there is a like operation. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Pru'nel. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
Prune llo. n. f.
1. A kind of fluff of which the clergymen’s gowns are made.
Worth makes the man, and want of it, the fellow;
The reft is all but leather or prunello. Pope.
2. [Prunelie, Fr.] A kind of plum. Ainfworth.
Pru'ner. n.f. [from prune.] One that crops trees.
Left thy redundant juice
Should fading leaves, inftead of fruits, produce,
The prune ’s hand with letting blood muft quench
Thy heat, and thy exub’rant parts retrench. Denham.
Pruni'ferous. adj. [prunum andfero, Lat.] Plum bearing.
Pru nighook. 1 n. f. A hook or knife ufed in lopping
Pru'ningk>ife. J trees.
Let thy hand fupply the pruningknife,
And crop luxuriant ftragglers. Dryden.
No plough fhall hurt the glebe, no pruninghook the vine.
Dryden s Virgil.
The cyder land obfequious ftill to thrones,
Her pruninghooks extended into fwords. Philips.
Prurience, {n.f. [from prurio, Lat.] An itching or a great
Pru'riency. S defire or appetite to any thing. Swift.
Pru'rient. adj. [pruriens,Lat.] Itching. Ainfworth.
Pruriginous. adj. [prurio, Lat.] Tending to an itch.
To Pry. v. n. [of unknown derivation.] To peep narrowly j
to infpedf officioufly, curioufly, or impertinently.
I can counterfeit the deep tragedian,
Speak, and look back, and pry on ev’ry fide,
Intending deep fufpicion. Shakefp. Richard III.
Ipry'd me through the crevice of a wall,
When for his hand he had his two fons heads. Shakefp.
Watch thou, and wake when others be alleep.
To pry into the fecrets of the ftate. Shakefp.
We of th’ offending fide
Muft keep aloof from ftritSl arbitrement;
And flop all fight holes, every loop, from whence
The eye of reafon may pry in upon us. Shakefp.
He that prieth in at her windows, fhall alfo hearken at her
doors. Eccluf xiv. 23.
And pry
In every bufh and brake, where hap may find
T he ferpent fleeping. Milton.
We have naturally a curiolity to be prying and fearching
into forbidden fecrets. L’EJlrange.
Search well
Each grove and thicket, pry in ev’ry fhape,
Left hid in fonie th’ arch hypocrite efcape. Dryden.
I wak d, and looking round the bow’r
Search’d ev’ry tree, and pry’d on ev’ry flow’r,
If any where by chance I might efpy
The rural poet of the melody. Dryden.
Nor need we with a prying eye furvey
The diftant fkies, to find the milky way. Creech.
Actions are of fo mixt a nature, that as men pry into them,
or obferve fome parts more than others, they take different
PUB
hints, and put contrary interpretations on them. Addifon.
All thefe I frankly own without denying >
But where has this Praxiteles been prying. Addifon.
PSALM, n.f. [pfalme, pjeaume, Fr. fxXp.oJ.] A holy fong.
The choice and flower of all things profitable in other
books, the pfalms do both more briefly contain and more
movingly exprels, by reafon of that poetical form wherewith
they are written. Plooker, b. v.f. 37.
Sternhold was made groom of the chamber, for turning
certain of David’s pj'alms into verfe. Peachanu
Thofe juft fpirits that v/ear victorious palms.
Hymns devote and holy pfalms
Singing continually. Milton.
In another pjalm, he fpeaks of the wifdom and power of
God in the creation. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
Psa'lmist. n.f. [pfalmifle, Fr. from pfalm.] Writer of holy
fongs.
How much more rational is this fyftem of the pfalmijl,
than the Pagans fcheme in Virgil, where one deity is reprefented as railing a ftorm, and another as laying it ? Addif.
Psa'lmody. n. f [pj'ulmcdie, Fr. fsc?^uHiu.] The act or
praCtice of Tinging holy fongs.
Psalmo graphy. n.f. [fuAy.oi and ’y^dpu.] The aCt of
writing pialms.
Psa'lter. n.f. [pfautier, Fr. ipxAlygiov.] The volume of
pfalms ; a pfalmbook..
Psaltery, n.f. A kind of harp beaten with fticks.
The trumpets, faebuts, pfalteries and fifes
Make the fun dance. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Praife with trumpets, pierce the fkies,
Praife with harps and pfalteries. Sandys’s Paraph.
The fweet finger of Ifrael with his pfaltery, loudly refounded
the benefits of the almighty creator. Peacham.
Nought fir all the pjalt'ry and the-harp avail,
When the quick fpiths their warm march forbear.
And numbing coldnefs has unbrac’d the ear. Prior.
Pseu'do. n.f [from xJ/fvJ^.] A prefix, which, being put
before words, iignifies falfe or counterfeit: as, pfeudapojtle,
a counterfeit apoftle.
Pseudography. n.f Falfe writing.
I will not purfue the many pfeudographies in ufe, but fliew
of how great concern the emphafis were, if rightly ufed. Hold.
Pseu'doLogy. n.f. [ipsvJ'oXoyla.J Falfehood of fpeech.
It is not according to the found rules ofpfeudology, to report
of a pious prince, that he negle&s his devotion, but you may
report of a merciful prince, that he has pardoned a criminal
who did not deferve it. Arbuthnot.
Pshaw, interj. An expreffion of contempt.
A peevifh fellow has fome reafon for being out of humour,
or has a natural incapacity for delight, and therefore difturbs
all with pifhes and pfnaws. Spectator, NQ 438.
Pti'san. n.f. [ptifanue, Fr. furaoevr,.] A medical drink made
of barley decoded with raifins and liquorice.
Thrice happy were thofe golden days of old,
When dear as Burgundy the ptijans fold ;
When patients chofe to die with better will.
Than breathe and pay the apothecary’s bill. Garth.
In fevers the aliments preferibed by Hippocrates, were
ptijans and cream of barley. Arbuthnot.
Pty'alism. n.f. [ptyalifine, Fr. orhieAurp-oi.] Salivation j efufion of fpittle.
Pty'smagogue. n.f. [muVua and dyu.] A medicine which
difcharges fpittle. _ Diet.
Puberty, n.f [fuberte, Fr. pubertas, Lat.] The time of
life in which the two lexes begin firft to be acquainted.
The caufe of changing the voice at the years of puberty
feemeth to be, for that when much of the moifture of the
body, which did before irrigate the parts, is drawn down to
the lpermatical veffels, it leaveth the body more hot than it
was, whence cometh the dilatation of the pipes. Bacon.
All the carnivorous animals would have multiplied exceed¬
ingly, before thefe children that efcaped could come to the
age of puberty. Bentley’s Sermons.
Pube'scence. n.f [from pubefco, Lat.] The ftate of arriving
at puberty.
Solon divided it into ten feptenaries ; in the firft is deden¬
tition or falling of teeth, in the fecond pubefcence. Brown.
Pubescent, adj. [frompubefeens, Lat.] Arriving at puberty.
That the women are menftruent, and the men pubejeent at
the year of twice feven, is accounted a punctual truth. Brown.
Publican, n.f. [frompublicus, Lat.]
1. A toll gatherer.
As Jcfus fat at meat, many publicans and Turners came 2nd
fat down with him. _ Matth. ix. 10.
2. A man that keeps a houfe of general entertainment. In low
language.
Publica TION. n.f [publico, Lat.]
I. The ad of publilhing j the atf of notifying to the world ;
divulgation j proclamation. .
For the inftrudHon of all men to eternal life, it is neceliary,
that the lacred and laving truth of God be openly pubhlhed
unto them, which open publication of heavenly myftenes is
by an excellency termed preaching. Jrf°.
7 1 2. Edition;
PUB
2.Edition; the a& of giving a book to the publick.
An tmperfeft copy having been ottered to a bookfeller,
you conferred to the publication of one more corre&. Pope.
' he publication of thefe papers was not owing to our folly,
but that of others. , SwtfL
PU BLICK. <*§• [public, publtque, b r. pubheus, Lat.]
I Belonging to a ftatc or nation ; not private.
By following the law of private reafon, where the law of
tublicb {hould take place, they breed disturbance. Hooker.
* Of royal maids how wretched is the fate,
porn only to be vidtims of the ftate ;
Our hopes, our wifhes, all our paflions try’d
For publick ufe, the (laves of others pride. Granvil.
Have we not able counfellors, hourly watching over the
• publick weal. Swift.
2. Open ; notorious ; generally known.
Jofeph being a juft man, and not willing to make her a
publick example, was minded tu put her away privily. Matth.
3. General; done by many.
A difmal univerfal hifs, the found
Of publick fcorn. Milton.
4. Regarding not private filtered, but the good of the commu¬
nity.
They were publick hearted men, as they paid all taxes, fo
they gave up all their time to their country’s lervice, with¬
out any reward. Clarendon.
All nations that grew great out of little or nothing, did fo
merely by the publick mindednefs of particular perfons. South'.
A good magiftrate mull be endued with a publick fpirit, that
is with fuch an excellent temper, as fets him loofe from all
felhib views, and makes him endeavour towards promoting the
common good. Atterbury.
5. Open for general entertainment.
The income of the commonwealth is raifed on fuch as
have money to fpend at taverns and publick houfes. Addifon.
Pu'blick. n.f. [from publicus, Lat. le publtque, Fr.j
1. The General body of mankind, or of a ftate or nation ; the
people.
The publick is more difpofed to cenfurethan to praife. Add.
2. Open view; general notice.
Philofophy, though it likes not a gaudy drefs, yet, when
it appears in publick, muft have fo much complacency, as to
be cloathed in the ordinary faftiion. Locke.
In private grieve, but with a carelefs fcorn ;
In publick feem to triumph, not to mourn. Granville.
In publick ’tis they hide.
Where none diftinguifh. Pope.
Pu'blickly. adv. [frompublick.]
1. In the name of the community.
This has been fo fenfibly known by trading nations, that
great rewards arepublickly offered for its fupply. Addifon.
2. Openly ; without concealment.
Sometimes alfo it may be private, communicating to the
judges fome things not fit to bepublickly delivered. Bacon.
Fu'blickness. n.f. [from publick.]
1. State of belonging to the community.
The multitude of partners does detradl nothing from each
private (hare, nor does the publicknejs of it leilen propriety
in it. Boyle.
2. Opennefs ; ftate of being generally known or publick.
Pu'blickspikited. adj. [publick and fpirit.'] Having regard
to the general advantage above private good.
’Tis enough to break the neck of all honeft purpofes, to
kill all generous and publickfpirited motions in the concep¬
tion. L'Eflrange.
Thefe were the publickfpirited men of their age, that is,
patriots of their own intereft. Drydcn.
Another publickfpirited projedl, which the common enemy
could not forefee, might fet king Charles on the throne. Add.
It was generous and publickfpirited in you, to be of the
kingdom's fide in this difpute, by (hewing, without referve,
vour difapprobation of Wood’s defign. Swift.
To PU'BLISH, v. a. [publier,Ft. publico, Lat.]
1. To difcover to mankind ; to make generally and openly
known ; to proclaim ; to divulge.
How will this grieve you.
When you (hall come to clearer knowledge, that
You thus have publijhed me. Shakejp. Winter s Pale.
His coinmiflion from God and his dodtrine tend to the im¬
prefling the neceffity of that reformation, which he came to
publifh. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Suppofe he (hould relent.
And publifh grace to all. ALilton.
Th’ unwearied fun, from day to day,
Does his Creator’s pow’r difplay.
And publijhes to every land ...
The work of an almighty hand. Addifon s Spectator.
2. To put forth a book into the world.
If I had not unwarily too far engaged myfelf (or the ptefent
publijhing it, I (hould have kept it by me. Digby.
Publisher, n.f. [from publifh.]
1. One who makes publick or generally known.
. PUD
Love of you
Hath made me pubiifher of this pretence. Shakefp.
The holy lives, the exemplary fufferings of the publifhers
of this religion, and the furpafting excellence of that doblrine
which they published. Atterbury.
2. One who puts out a book into the world.
A colle&ion of poems appeared, in wlftch the publifher has
given me fome things that did not belong to me. Prior.
PUCELAGE. n.f. [French.] A ftate of virginity. Dikl.
Puck. n.f. [perhaps the fame with pug.] Some (prite artiong
the fairies, common in romances.
O gentle puck, take this transformed fcalp
From off the head of this Athenian fwain. Shakefp.
Turn your cloaks.
Quoth he, for puck is bufy in thefe oaks.
And this is fairy ground. Corbel.
Pu'ckball oxpuckjijt. n.f. [from puck the fairy, a fairy’s ball.]
A kind of mufhroom full of dull. Did.
To Pu cker, v. a. [from puck the fairy ; as elflocks, from elves;
or from powk, a pocket or hollow.] To gather into corruga¬
tions ; to contrail into folds of plications.
1 law an hideous fpeclre ; his eyes were funk into his head,
his face pale and withered, and his (kin puckered up in
wrinkles. SpeRator, N° 192.
A ligature above the part wounded is pernicious, as it
fuckers up the inteftines, and diforders its fituation. Sharp.
Pu'dder. n. f [This is commonly written pother. See
Pother. This is molt probably derived by Mr. Lye ftcm
fudur, Idandickj a rapid motion.J A tumult; a turbulent
and irregular buftle.
Let the great gods.
That keep this dreadful pudder o’er our heads.
Find out their enemies. Shakejp. King Lear.
What a pudder is made about eflences, and how much is
all knowledge peftered by the carelefs ufe of words ? Locke.
To Pu dder. v. n. [from the noun.] To make a tumult;
to make a buftle.
Mathematicians, abftra£ling their thoughts from names,
and fetting before their minds the ideas themfelves, have
avoided a great part of that perplexity, puddering and confufion, which has fo much hindered knowledge. Locke.
To Pu'dder. v. a. To perplex; todifturb; to confound.
He that will improve every matter of fadft into a maxim,
will abound in contrary obfervations, that can be of no other
ufe but to perplex and pudder him. Locke.
Pu dding. n.J. [potten, Wetth, an inteftine ; boudin, French ;
puding, Swedilh.J
2. A kind of food very varioufly compounded, but generally
made of meal, milk, and eggs.
Sallads, and eggs, ami lighter fare
Tune the Italian lpark’s guitar ;
And if I take Dan Congreve right.
Pudding and beef make Britons fight. Prior.
2. The gut of an animal.
He’ll yield the crow a pudding one of thefe days ; the king
has kill’d his heart. Shakefp. Henry V.
As fure as his guts are made of puddings. Shakefp.
3. A bowel (lulled with- certain mixtures of meal and other in¬
gredients.
Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong.
But eat your pudding. Have, and hold your tongue. Prior.
Pu'ddingpie. n.f. [pudding and pie.] A pudding with meat
baked in it.
Some cry the covenant, inftead
Of puddingpies and gingerbread. Hudibras.
Pu'ddingtime. n.f. [pudding and time.]
1. The time of dinner; the time at which pudding, anciently
the firft difh, is fet upon the table.
2. Nick of time ; critical minute.
Mars that ftill protects the (lout.
In puddingtime came to his aid. Hudibras.
Pu'ddle. n.f. [from puteolus, Lat. Skinner; from foil, dirt,
old Bavarian, 'Junius; hence pool.] A fmall muddy lake ;
a dirty pla(h.
The Hebrews drink of the well-head, the Greeks of the
dream, and the Latins of the puddle. Hall.
Thou did’ft drink
The dale of horfes, and the gilded puddle
Which beads would cough at. Shakefp. Ant. andCleop.
A phyfician cured madmen thus : they were tied to a (lake,
and then fet in a puddle, ’till brought to their wits. L’Eflu
Treading where the treacherous puddle lay.
His heels flew up ; and on the graffy floor
He fell, beimear’d with filth. Drydeti’s Virgil.
Happy was the man, who was fent on an errand to the
moft remote ftreet, which he performed with the greateft ala¬
crity, ran through every puddle, and took care to return co¬
vered with dirt. Addifon's Freeholder.
To Puddle, v. a. [from the noun.] To muddy; to pollute
with dirt; to mix dirt and water.
As if I faw my (un (hine in *pu4$ed water, I cried out of
nothing but Mopfa. Sidney^
20 S Some
P U F P U I
Some unhatch’d pra£liCe
Hath puddled his clear fpirit; and, in luch cafes,
Men’s natures wrangle with infenour things,
Though great ones are their objedf. Sbakefp. Othello.
His beard they ftng’d off with brand of fire.
And ever as it blam’d, they threw on him
Great pails of puddled mire to quench the hair. Sbakefp.
The nobleft blood of Africk
Runs in my veins, a purer ftream than thine ;
For, though derived from the fame fource, thy current
Is puddl'd and defil’d with tyranny. _ Dryden.
Pu'ddly. adj. (from puddle.] Muddy ; dirty ; miry.
Ljjny, or thick puddly water killeth them. Carew.
Pu'ddock. or purrock. n.f. [for paddock or parrock.] A provin¬
cial word for a fmall inclofure. Did.
Pu'dency. n.f. [pudcns, Lat.J Modefty; fhamefacednefs.
A pudency fo rofy, the fweet view on’t
Might well have warm’d old Saturn. Sbakefp.
Pudi'city. n.f [pudicite, Fr. frompudicitia, Lat.] Modefty;
chaftity. Did.
Puefe'llow. n. f. A partner.
This carnal cur
Preys on the iffue of his mother’s body ;
And makes her puefellow with others moan. Sbakefp.
PueT.ile. adj. (puerile, Fr. puerilis, Lat.] Childifh ; boyifti.
I looked upon the manfion with a veneration mixt with a
pleafure, that reprefented her to me in thofe puerile amufements. Pope.
PuerTlity. n.f. [puerilite, Fr. from puerilitas, Lat.] Childiihnefs ; boyifhnefs.
A referve of puerility not fhaken off from fchool. Brown.
Some men imagining themfelves poffeffed with a divine
fury, often fall into toys and trifles, which are only puerili¬
ties. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
Pi/et. n.f A kind of waterfowl.
Among the firft fort are coots, fanderlings and pewets. Car.
The fifli have enemies enough; as otters, the cormorant
and the puct. Walton’s A?igler.
PUFF. n.f. [pof\ Dutch, a blaft which fwells the checks.]
1. A quick blaft with the mouth.
In garret vile, he with a warming puff
Regales chill’d fingers. Philips.
2. A fmall blaft of wind.
The Rofemary, in the days of Henry VII. with a fudden
puff of wind ftooped her fide, and took in water at her ports
in fuch abundance, as that fhe inftantly funk. Raleigh.
The naked breathlefs body lies.
To every puff of wind a Have, *
At the beck of every wave,
That once perhaps was fair, rich, flout and wife. Flatman.
A puffof wind blows off cap and wig. L'EJirange.
There fierce winds o’er dulky vallies blow,
Whofe every puff bears empty (hades away. Dryden.
With one heree puff he blows the leaves away,
Expos’d the felf-difcover’d infant lay. Dryden.
3. A mufhroom. Ainfworth.
4. Any thing light and porous : as, puffpaffe.
5. Something to fprinkle powder on the hair. Ainfworth.
To Puff. v. n. [boff'en, Dutch.]
1. To fwell the cheeks with wind.
2. To blow with a quick blaft.
Wherefore do you follow her.
Like foggy South puffing with wind and rain. Sbakefp.
Diftindtion with a broad and powerful fan,
Puffing at all, winnows the light away. Sbakefp.
3. To blow with fcornfulnefs.
Some puff at thefe inftances, as being fuch as were under
a different ceconomy of religion, and confequently not di¬
rectly pertinent to ours. South’s Sermons.
It is really to defy heaven, to puff at damnation, and bid
omnipotence do its worft. South.
4. To breathe thick and hard.
Scldfhown flamins
Do prefs among the popular throngs, and puff
To win a vulgar ftation. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
The afs comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the
chafe. L’EJirange.
A true fon of the church
Came puffing with his greafy bald-pate choir.
And fumbling o’er his beads. Dryden.
5. To do or move with hurry, tumour, or tumultuous agita¬
tion.
More unconftant than the wind, who woes
Lv n now the frozen bofom of the North,
And, being anger’d, puffs away from thence.
Turning his face to the dew-dropping South. Sbakefp.
I hen camc brax/e glory puffing by
In lilks that whittled, who but he?
He fcarce allow’d me half an eye. Herbert.
6. To fwell with the wind.
A new coal is not to be call on the nitre, till the detona¬
tion be quite cndcu ; unlcls the pfffng matter blow the coal
‘ out oftthe crucible. Boyle.
To PufF. v. a.
1. To (well as with wind.
Let him fall by his own greatnes,
And puff him up with glory, till it i\ye!l
And break him. Denhams Sophy.
Flattering of others, and boafting of ourlelves, may be
referred to lying ; the one to pleafe others, and puffthem up
with felt-conceit; the other to gain more honour than is due
to ourlelves. Ray on the Creation.
2. To drive or agitate with blafts of wind.
I have feen the cannon.
When it has blown his ranks into the air.
And from his arm pnff't his own brother. Sbakefp.
Have I not heard the fea, puff’d up with winds.
Rage like an angry boar chafed with fweat ? Sbakefp.
Th’ unerring fun by certain figns declares.
When the South projects a ftormy day,
And when the clearing North will puff the clouds away.
Dryden s Virgil's Georguks.
Why muft the winds all hold their tongue ?
If they a little breath lhould raife.
Would that have lpoil’d the poet’s fong,
Or puff’d away the monarch’s praife ? Prior.
I have been endeavouring very buiily to raife a friendlhip,
which the firft breath of any ill-natured by-ftander could
puff away. Pope.
3. To drive with a blaft of breath fcornfully.
When fire dances in the wind.
And fhakes her wings, and will not ftay,
I puff the proftitute away ;
The little or the much fhe gave is quietly refign’d. Dryd.
4. To fwell or blow up with praife.
The attendants of courts engage them in quarrels of jurifdi&ion, being truly parafiti curiae, in puffing a court up beyond
her bounds for their own advantage. Bacon.
5. To fwell or elate with pride.
His looke like a coxcombe up puffed with pride. Buffer.
This army, led by a tender prince,
Whofe fpirit with divine ambitionpufft.
Makes mouths at the invifible event. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Think not of men above that which is written, that no
one of you be puffed up one againft another. 1 Cor. iv. 6.
Your anceftors, who puff your mind with pride.
Did not your honour, but their own advance. Dryden.
Who ftands fafeft ; tell me, is it he
That fpreads and fwells in puff’d pofterity ? Pope.
The Phaeacians were fo puffed up with their conftant feli¬
city, that they thought nothing impoflible. Broome.
Pu'ffer. n.f. [from puff] One that puffs.
Pu'ffin. n.f [puffino, Italian.]
1. A water fowl.
Among the firft: fort, we reckon the dipchick, murrs,
creyfers, curlews and puffns. Carew’s Survey ofCornwall.
2. A kind of fifh.
3. A kind of fungus filled with duft.
Pu'ffing apple, n.f. A fort of apple. Ainfworth.
Pu ffingly. adv. [from puffing.]
1. Tumidly; with fwell.
2. With fhortnefs of breath.
Pu'ffy. adj. [from puff.]
1. Windy; flatulent.
Emphyfema is a Light puffy tumour, eafily yielding to the
preflure of your fingers, and arifeth again in the inftant you
take them off WiJ'eman’s Surgery.
2. Tumid; turgid.
An unjudicious poet, who aims at loftinefs, runs eafily
into the fwelling puffy ftile, becaufe it looks like greatnefs.
Dryden.
Pug. n.f. [pija, Saxon, a girl. Skinner.’] A kind name of a
monkey, or any thing tenderly loved.
Upon fetting him down, and calling him pug, I found him
to be her favourite monkey. AddiJ'on's Spectator.
Pu'ggered. adj. [perhaps for puckered.] Crowded; compli¬
cated. I never found this word in any other paffage.
Nor are we to cavil at the red puggered attire of "the turkey,
and the long excrefcency that hangs down over his bill, when
he fwells with pride. More’s Antidote againff Atbcifm.
Pugh, interj. [corrupted from puff, or borrowed from the found.]
A word of contempt.
Pu'gil. n. f. [pugille, Fr.] What is taken up between the
thumb and two firft fingers. Did.
I ake violets, and infufe a good pugil of them in a quart
of vinegar. Bacon’s Nat. Hiff.
Pugna cious, adj. [pugnax,\jnt..] Inclinable to fight; quarrelfome; fighting.
Pugna'city. n.f. [from pugnax, Lat.J Quarrelfomenefs;
inclination to fight.
Pu'isne. adj. [puis nc, French. It is commonly fpoken and
written puny. See Puny.]
I. Young; younger; later in time.
When the place of a chief judge becomes vacant, a puifne
judge, who hath approved himfelf deferving, (hould be pre¬
ferred. Bacon s Advice to Villiers.
He
PUL
If he undergo any alteration, it mull be in time, or of a
puifne date to eternity. Hales Origin of Mankind.
2. Petty ; inconiiderable ; fmalJ.
A puifne tilter, that lpurs his horfe but one fide, breaks his
ftaff like a noble goofe. Shakefp. As You Like it,
Pui'ssance. n.f. [puijjancc, Fr.J Power; ftrength ; force.
The chariots were drawn not by the ftrength of horfes,
but by the puijjancc ot men. Definition of Troy.
Grandfires, babies and old women ;
Or part, or not arriv’d to, pith and puiffance. Shakefp.
Look with forehead bold and big enough
Upon the pow’r and puiffance of the king. Shakefp.
Our puiffance is our own ; our own right hand
Shall teach us higheft deeds. Milton.
PUISSANT, adj. [puijfant, Fr.] Powerful; ftrong; forcible.
The queen is coming with a puijfant holt. Shakefp.
Told the molt piteous tale of Lear
That ever ear receiv’d; which in recounting _ ( O
His grief grew puijfant, and the firings of life
Began to crack. Shakefp. King Lear.
For piety renown’d and puijfant deeds. Milton.
The climate of Syria, the far diflance from the ftrength of
Chriftendom, and the near neighbourhood of thofe that were
moft puijfant among the Mahometans, caufed that famous enterprife, after a long continuance of terrible war, to be quite
abandoned. Raleigh's Ejfuys.
Pui ssantly. adv. [from puijfant.'] Powerfully ; forcibly.
PUKE. n.f. [of uncertain derivation.] Vomit; medicine
cauftng vomit.
To Puke. v. n. To fpew ; to vomit.
The infant
Mewling and puking in the nurfe’s arms. Shakefp,.
Pu'ker. n.j. [from puke.] Medicine cauiing a vomit.
The puker rue,
The fweetner faffafras are added too. Garth.
Pu'lchritude. n.f [pulchritudo, Lat.] Beauty; grace;
handfomenefs ; quality oppofite to deformity.
Neither will it agree unto the beauty of animals, wherein
there is an approved pulchritude. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Pulchritude is conveyed by the outward fenfes unto the foul,
but a more intellectual faculty is that which relifhes it. More.
By their virtuous behaviour they compenlate the hardnefs
of their favour, and by the pulchritude of their fouls make
up what is wanting in the beauty of their bodies. South.
That there is a great pulchritude and comelinefs of propor¬
tion in the leaves, flowers and fruits of plants, is attefted by
the general verdidt of mankind. Ray on the Creation.
To Pule. v. n. [piaider, Fr.]
To cry like a chicken.
Let the fongs be loud and cheerful, and not chirpings or
pulings ; let the mulick. likewife be fharp and loud. Bacon.
2.To whine; to cry; to whimper.
To fpeak puling like a beggar at Hallomafs. Shakefp.
To have a wretched puling fool,
A whining mammet, in her fortune’s tender.
To anfwer, I’ll not wed. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Weak puling things unable to fuftain
Their fhare ol labour, and their bread to gain. Drydcn.
When ice covered the water, the child bathed his legs ; a
pd when he began this cuftom, was puling and tender. Locke.
This puling whining harlot rules his reafon.
And prompts his zeal for Edward’s baftard brood. Rowe.
Pu lick. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
Puli'cose. adj. [pulicojus, pulex, Latin.] Abounding with
fleas. DiSi.
Pu'liol. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
To PULL. v. a. [pullian, Saxon.]
1. To draw violently towards one.
What they feem to offer us with the one hand, the fame
with the other they pull back. Hooker.
He put forth his hand, and pulled the dove in. Gen. viii. 9.
His hand which he put forth dried up, fo that he could not
pull it in again. 1 Kings xiii. 4.
Pullthem out like fheep for the flaughter, and prepare them
for the day of flaughter. Jer. vii. 1 r.
They pulled away the Ihoulder and flopped their ears. Zech.
Ill fortune never crulhed that man, whom good fortune
deceived not; I therefore have counfelled my friends to place
all things file gave them fo, as fhe might take them from
them, not pull them. Benj. Johmon’s Difcovery.
2. To draw forcibly.
He was not fo deftrous of wars, as without juft caufe of
his own to pull them upon him. __ Hayward.
A boy came in great hurry to pidl off my boots. Swift.
3. To pluck; to gather.
When bounteous Autumn rears his head,
He joys to pull the ripen’d pear. Dryden.
Flax pulled in the bloom, will be whiter and ftiongci than
if let (land till the feed is ripe. Mortimer.
4. To tear ; to rend.
He hath turned afide my ways, and pulled me in pieces ;
he hath made me dcfolate. Lam. m. 2.
PUL
Ye pull off- the robe with the garment from them thatpafs
by fecurely. Mic. ii. 8.
I rent my cloaths, and pulled off the hair from oft’ my
head. 1 Efdr. viii. yi.
5. To Pull down. To fubvert; to demolifh.
Although it was judged in form of a ftatute, that he fhould
be banilhed, and his whole eftate confilcated, and his houfes
pulled down, yet his cafe even then had no great blot of ig¬
nominy. Bacon.
In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is far ealier to
pull down than build up ; for that llrucflure, which was above
ten fummers a building, and that by no mean artifts, v/as
deftroyed in a moment. Howel's Vocal Forcjl.
When God is faid to build or pull down, ’tis not to be underftood of an houfe ; God builds and unbuilds worlds. Burn.
6. To Pull down. To degrade.
He begs the gods to turn blind fortune’s wheel,
To raife the wretched, and pull doitn the proud. Rofcom.
What title has this queen but lawlefs force ?
And force muft pull her doivn. Drydcn?
7. To Pull up. 'Fo extirpate ; to eradicate.
What cenfure, doubting thus of innate principles, I may
deferve from men, who will he apt to call it pulling up the old
foundations of knowledge, I cannot tell; I perfuade myfelf,
that the way I have purfued, being conformable to truth, lays
thofe foundations furer. Locke4
Pull. n.f. [from the verb.] The aeft of pulling; pluck.
This wreftling pull between Corineus and Gogmagog is
reported to have befallen at Dover. Carew.
Duke of Glo’fter, fcarce himfelf,
That bears fo fhrewd a maim ; two pulls at once ;
His lady banifh’d, and a limb lopt off. Shakefp.
1 awaked with a violent pull upon the ring, which was
faftened at the top of my box. Gulliver's Travels.
Pu ller. n.J. [from pull.] One that pulls.
Shamelefs Warwick, peace ?
Proud fetter up and puller down of kings. Shakefp.
Pu'llen. n.f. [pulain, old Fr.J Poultry. Bailey,
Pu'llet. n.j. [poulet, Fr.] A young hen.
, Brew me a pottle of fack finely.
—With eggs, Sir ?
—Simple of itfelf; I’ll no pullet fperm in my brewage. Shd.
I felt a hard tumour on the right fide, the bignefs of a
pullet s egg. JViJeman s Surgery.
They died not becaufe the pullets would not feed, but becaufe the devil forefaw their death, he contrived that abftinence in them. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Pu'lley. n.f. [poulie, Fr.] A fmall wheel turning on a pivot,
with a furrow on its outffde in which a rope runs.
Nine hundred of the ftrongeft men were employed to draw
up thefe cords by many pulleys faftened on the poles, and, in
three hours, I was raifed and flung into the engine. Gulliver.
Here pullies make the pond’rous oak afeend. Gay.
To Pullu late, v. n. [pullulo, Lat. pulluler, Fr.] To ger¬
minate ; to bud.
Pu'lmonary. adj. [from pid?no, Lat.] Belonging to the
lungs.
The force of the air upon the pulmonary artery is but fmall
in refpedl of that of the heart. * Arbuthnot.
Cold air, by its immediate contadl with the furface of the
lungs, is capable of producing defluxions upon the lungs, ul-
. cerations, and all forts of pulmonick confumptions. Arbuthnot.
Pu'lmonary. n.f. [pulmonaire, Fr.] The herb lungwort. Ainf.
Pu'lmonick. adj. [pidmo, Lat.] Belonging to the lungs.
An ulcer of the lungs may be a caufe of pulmonick confumption, or confumption of the lungs. Harvey.
PULP. n. f. [pulpa, Lat. pidpe, Fr.]
1. Any foft mafs.
The jaw bones have no marrow fevered, but a little ptilp
of marrow diffufed. Bacon's Nat. Haft.
2. The foft part of fruit; the part of fruit diftinbt from the feeds
and rind.
The favourv pidp they chew, and in the rind.
Still as they thirfted, fcoop the brimming ftream. Milton.
Befldes this ufe of the pulp or pericarpium for the guard of
the feed, it ferves alfo by a fecondary intention for the fuftenance of man and other animals. Ray.
The grub
Oft unobferv’d invades the vital core.
Pernicious tenant, and her fccret cave
Enlarges hourly, preying on the pulp
Ceafelefs. _ Philips.
Pu'lpit. n.f. [pulpitum, Lat. pulpitre, pupitre,Yr.]
1. A place raifed on high, where a fpeaker ftands.
Produce his body to the market-place.
And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend,
Speak in the order of his funeral. Shakefp. Julius Cxfar.
2. The higher defle m the church where the fermon is pronounced ; diftmft from the lower defk where prayers are read.
e lee on our theatres, the examples of vice rewarded,
yit it ought not to be an argument againft the art, any more
tnan the impieties of the pulpit in the late rebellion. Dryden.
1 1 Sir
PUL P U M
Sir Roger has given a handfome pulpit cloth, and railed in
the communion table. Addiforis Spectator, N° 112.
Bifhops were not wont to preach out of the pulpit. Ayliffe.
Pulpits their facred fatyr learn’d to (pare,
And vice admir’d to find a flatt’rer there. Pope.
Pu'lpous. adj. [from pedp.] Soft.
The redftreak’s pulpous fruit
With gold irradiate, and vermilion fhines. Philips.
Pu'lpousness. n. f. [from pulpous.] The quality of being
pulpous.
Pu'lpy. adj. [from pulp.'] Soft; pappy.
In the walnut and plumbs is a thick pulpy covering, then a
hard fhell, within which is the feed. Ray on the Creation.
Putrefaction deftroys the fpecifick difference of one vege¬
table from another, converting them into a pulpy fubltance of
an animal nature. Arbuthnot on Aliments
Pulsa tion, n.f [pulfation, Fr. pulfatio, from puljo, Lat.J
The aft of beating or moving with quick ftrokes againft any
thing oppofing.
This original of the left vein was thus contrived, to avoid
the pulfation of the great artery. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Thefe commotions of the mind and body opprefs the heart,
whereby it is choaked and obftruCted in its puljation. Harvey.
Pulsa'tor. n. f. [from pulfo^ Lat.j A linker; a beater.
Pulse, n.f [pulfus, Lat.j
,. The motion of an artery as the blood is driven through it by
the heart, and as it is perceived by the touch.
Pulje is thus accounted for : when the left ventricle of the
heart contracts, and throws its blood into the great artery, the
blood in the artery is not only thruft forward towards the ex¬
tremities, but the channel of the artery is likewife dilated ;
becaufe fluids, when they are prefled, prefs again to all fides,
and their prefliire is always perpendicular to the fides ofthe con¬
taining veflels ; but the coats of the artery, by any fmall impe¬
tus, may be diftended : therefore, upon the contraction or fyftole of the heart, the blood from the left ventricle will not only
prefs the blood in the artery forwards, but both together will
diflend the fides of the artery : when the impetus of the blood
a<rainft the fides of the artery ceafes; that is, when the left
ventricle ceafes to contraCt, then the fpiral fibres of the ar¬
tery, by their natural elafticity, return again to their former
ftate, and contraCt the channel of the artery, till it is again
dilated by the diaftole of the heart: this diaftole ofthe artery
is called its pulfe, and the time the fpiral fibres are returning
to their natural ftate, is the diftance between two pulfes: this
pulfe is in all the arteries of the body at the fame time ; for,
while the blood is thruft out of the heart into the artery, the
artery being full, the blood muft move in all the arteries at
the fame time ; and becaufe the arteries are conical, and the
blood moves from the bafis of the cone to the apex, therefore
the blood muft ftrike againft the fides of the veflels, and confequently every point of the artery muft be dilated at the fame
time that the blood is thrown out of the left ventricle of the
heart; and as foon as the elafticity of the fpiral fibres can
overcome the impetus of the blood, the arteries are again contraded : thus two caufes operating alternately, the heart and
fibres of the arteries, keep the blood in a continual motion :
an high pulfe is either vehement or ftrong, but ifthe dilatation
of the artery does not rife to its ufual height, it is called a low
or weak pulfe ; but if between its dilatations there pafles more
time than ufual, it is called a flow pulfe: again, if the coats
of an artery feel harder than ufual from any caufe whatfoever,
it is called an hard pulfe ; but if by any contrary caufe chey
are fofter, then it is called a foft pulfe. . Quincy.
Think you, I bear the fhears of deftiny ?
Have I commandment on the pulje of life ? . Shakefp.
The profperity of the neighbour kingdoms is not inferior
to that of this, which, according to the pulje of ftates, is a
great diminution of their health. Clarendon.
My body is from all difeafes free;
My temp’rate pulfe does regularly beat. Dryden.
If one drop of blood remain in the heart at every pulfe,
thofe, in many puljes, will grow to a confiderable mals. Arb.
2. Ofcillation ; vibration ; alternate expanfion and contraction ;
alternate approach and receflion.
The vibrations or pulfes of this medium, that they may
caufe the alternate fits of eafy tranfmiflion and eafy reflexion,
muft be fwifter than light, and by confequence above feven
hundred thoufand times fwifter than founds. Newton.
v. To feel one's Pulse. To try or know one’s mind artfully.
4. [From pull.] Leguminous plants.
With Elijah he partook,
Or as a gueft with Daniel at his pidfe. Milton.
Mortals, from your fellows blood abflain !
While corn and pulfe by nature are bellow’d. Dryden.
. 1 ares arc as advantageous to land as other pulfes. Mort.
To Pulse, v. n. [from the noun.] To beat as the pulfe.
'J he heart, when feparated wholly from the body in fome
animals, continues (till to pulfe for a confiderable time. Ray.
Pulsion, n.f. [from puljus^ Lat.j The a£t of driving or of
forcing forward : in oppohtion to fuCtion or traiflion.
Admit it might ufe the motion of puljion, yet it could never
that of attraction. Move's Divine Dialogues.
By attraClion we do not here undefftarM what is improperly
called fo, in the operations of drawing, lucking and pump¬
ing, which is really ptdfion and trufion. Bentley.
Pu lverable. adj. [frompulveris, Lat.j Poflible to be reduced
to dull.
In making the firft ink, I could by filtration feparate a pretty
ftore of a black pulverable fubltance that remained in the
hre. Boyle on Colours.
Pulveriz a'tion. n.f. [from pulverize.J The aCt of pow •
dering ; reduction to dull or powder.
To PU'LVERIZE. v. a. [from pulvcris, Lat. puherifer, Fr.j
To reduce to powder; to reduce to dull.
If the experiment be carefully made, the whole mixture
will fhoot into fine cryltals, that leem to be ot an uniform
fubltance, and are conliftent enough to be even brittle, and
to endure to be pulverized and lifted. Boyle.
Pu'lverulence. n. j. [pulverulentia, Lat.j Dultinefs ; abun¬
dance of dull.
Pulvil. n.f. [pulvillum, Lat.j Sweet feents.
The toilette, nurfery of charms,
Completely furnifh’d with bright beauty s arms.
The patch, the powder-box, pulvil, perfumes. Cay.
To Pu lvil. v. a. [from the noun.j To fprmkle with per¬
fumes in powder.
Have you pulvdled the coachman and poftilion, that they
may not ftink of the (table. Congreve s IVay of the IVorld.
Pu'mice. n.f. [pumex, pumicis, Lat.j
The pumice is evidently a flag or cinder of fome foflil, ori¬
ginally bearing another form, and only reduced to this ftate
by the violent aCtion of fire : it is a lax and fpungy matter
full of little pores and cavities, found in mafies of different
fizes and fhapes, of a pale, whitifh, grey colour: thepumice
is found in many parts of the world, but particularly about
the burning mountains Etna, Vefuvius and Hecla : it is ufed
as a dentifrice. Hill’s Materia Medica.
So long I fhot, that all was fpent,
Though pumice ftones I haftily hent.
And threw ; but nought availed. Spenfer,.
Etna and Vefuvius, which conlift upon fulphur, fhoot forth
fmoke, afhes and pumice, but no water. Bacon.
Near the Lucrine lake,
Steams of fulphur raife a ftifling heat,
And through the pores of the warm pumice fweat. Addifon.
Pu mmel, n.f. See Pommel.
PUMP. n.f. pompe, Dutch and French.]
I. An engine by which water is drawn up from wells : its ope¬
ration is performed by the preffure of the air.
A pump grown dry will yield no water, unlefs you pour a
little water into it firft. More’s Antidote againjl Atheifn.
In the framing that great fhip built by Hiero, Athenaeus
mentions this inftrument as being inllead of a pump, by the
help of which one man might eafily drain out the water
though very deep. Widkins’s D&dalus.
Thefe pumps may be made fingle with a common pump
handle, for one man to work them, or double for two.
Mortimer.
2. A fhoe with a thin foie and low heel.
Get good firings to your beards, new ribbons to your
pumps. Shakefp. Midfummer Night's Dream.
Gabriel’s pumps were all unpink’d i’ th’ heel. Shakefp.
Follow me this jell, now, till thou haft worn out thy pump,
that when the fingle foie of it is worn, the jeft may remain
fino-ular. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Thalia’s ivy fhews her prerogative over comical poely ;
her mafk, mantle and pumps are ornaments belonging to the
ftage. Peacham.
The water and fweat
Splifh fplafh in their pumps. Swift's Mifcel.
To Pump. v. n. [pompen, Dutch.] To work a pump ; to
throw out water by a pump.
The folly of him, who pumps very laborioufly in a fhip,
yet negleCts to flop the leak. Decay of Piety.
To Pump. v. a.
1. To raife or throw out by means of a pump.
2. To examine artfully by fly interrogatories, fo as to draw out
any fecrets or concealments.
The one’s the learned knight, feek out,
And pump them what they come about. Hudibras.
Afk him what pafles
Amongft his brethren, he’ll hide nothing from you ;
But pump not me for politicks. Otway’s Eenice Prcferv d.
Pum'per. n.f [from pimp.j The perlon or the inftrument
that pumps. _
The flame lafted about two minutes, from the time the
pumper began to draw out air. Boyle.
Pu'mpion. n.f. A plant. .
I he flower of the pumpion confifts of one leaf, which is
bell -fhaped, expanded at the top, and cut into feveral iegments : of thcle flowers fome are male, and fome female, as
in the cucumbers and melons : the female flowers grow upon
the top of the embryo, which afterwards becomes an obi >ng
or round flefhv fruit, having fomcrimes an hard, rugged and
o uneven
PUN
uneven rind, with knobs and furrows, and is often divided
into three parts, incloiing Hat feeds that are edged or rimmed
about as it were with a ring, and fixed to a fpongy pla¬
centa. . Miller.
We’ll ufe this grofs watry pumpldn, and teach him to know
turtles from jays. Shakejp. Merry Wives of Wind]or.
Pun. n.J. [I know not whence this word is to be deduced :
to pun, is to grind or beat with a pejlle ; can pun mean an
empty found, like that ot a mortar beaten, as clench, the old
word for pun, feems only a corruption of clink ?] An equi¬
vocation ; a quibble ; an expreftion where a word has at once
different meanings.
It is not the word, but the figure that appears on the me¬
dal : cuniculus may ftand for a rabbit or a mine, but the
picture of a rabbit is not the picture of a mine : a pun can be
no more engraven, than it can be tranflated. Addifon.
But fill their purfe, our poet’s work is done,
Alike to them by pathos, or by pun. Pope.
To Pun. v. n. [from the noun.] To quibble; to ufe the fame
word at once in different fenfes.
7 he hand and head were never loft, of thofe
Who dealt in doggrel, or who punnd in profe. Dryden.
You would be a better man, if you could pun like Sir
Triftram. Ttiler, N10 57.
To PUNCH, v. a. [pomconner, Fr.J To bore or perforate by
driving a fharp inftrument.
When I was mortal, my anointed body
By thee was punched full of deadly holes. Shakefp.
By reafon of its conftitution it continued open, as I have
feen a hole punched in leather. Wijeman's Surgery.
Your work will fometimes require to have holes punched in
it at the forge, you muft then make a fteel punch, and har¬
den the point of it without tempering. Moxon.
The fiy may, with the hollow and fharp tube of her womb,
punch and perforate the fkin of the eruca, and caft her eggs
into her body. Ray on the Creation.
Punch, n. f. [from the verb.]
1. A pointed inftrument, which, driven by a blow, perforates
bodies.
The fhank of a key the punch cannot ftrike, becaufe the
fhank is not forged with fubftance fufftcient; but the drill cuts
. a true round hole. Moxon s Mechanical Exercifes.
2. [Cant word.] A liquour made by mixing fpirit with water,
fugar, and the juice of lemons.
The Weft India dry gripes are occaftoned by lime juice in
punch. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
No brute can endure the tafte of ftrong liquor, and confequently it is againft all the rules of hieroglyph to aftign
thofe animals as patrons of punch. Swift.
3. [Punchinello, Italian.] The buffoon or harlequin of the
puppet-fhow.
Of rareefhows he fung anA punch's feats. Gay«
4. Punch is a horfe that is well fet and well knit, having a fhort
back and thin fiioulders, with a broad neck, and well lined
with fieih. Farrier's Diet.
5. [Pumilio obefus, Lat.] In contempt or ridicule, a fhort fat
fellow.
Pu'ncheon. n.f [poinron, Fr*]
1. An inftrument driven fo as to make a hole or impreflion.
Fie granted liberty of coining to certain cities and abbies,
allowing them one ftaple and two puncheons at a rate. Camel.
2. A meaiure of liquids.
Pu'ncher. n.J. from punch.An inftrument that makes an
impreffion or hole.
In the upper jaw are five teeth before, not incifors or cut¬
ters, but thick punchers. Grew's Mufceum.
PUNCTI'LIO. n.J. A final1 nicety of behaviour; a nice
point of exacfbiefs.
Common people are much aftonifhed, when they hear of
thofe folemn contefts which are made among the great, upon
the punctilios of a publick ceremony. Addifon.
PunChlio is out of doors, the moment a daughter clandeftinely quits her father’s houfe. ~ Clariffa.
Punctilious, adj. [from punctilio.] Nice; exa<7; punctual
to fuperftition.
Some depend on a punctilious obfervance of divine laws,
which they hope will attone for the habitual tranfgreffion of
the reft. Rogers's Sermons.
Puncti LIOUSNESS. n.f [from punctilious.'] Nicety ; exadtnefs of behaviour.
Pu'ncto. n.f. [punto, Spanifh.]
1. Nice point of ceremony.
The final conqueft of Granada from the Moors, king Ferdinando dilplayed in his letters, with all the particularities
and religious punCios and ceremonies that were obferved in
the reception of that city and kingdom. Bacon's Henry VII.
2. The point in fencing.
Vat be all you come for ?
•—To fee thee here, to fee thee there, to fee thee pafs thy
punCto. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
PUNCTUAL, adj. [punfluel, Fr.J
1. Comprifcd in a point ; conftfting in a point.
PUN
This earth a fpot, a grain.
An atom with the firmament compar’d,
And all her number’d liars, that feem to rowl
Spaces incomprehenfible ; for fuch
Their diftance argues, and their fwift return
Diurnal, merely to officiate light
Round this opacous earth, this punctual fpot. Milton,
2. Exadi ; nice; pundtilious.
A gentleman punctual of his word, when he had heard that
two had agreed upon a meeting, and the one negledted his
hour, would fay of him, he is a young man then. Bacon.
This miftake to avoid, we muft obferve the punctual diffe¬
rences of time, and fo diftinguifh thereof, as not to confound
or lofe the one in the other. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
That the women are menftruent, and the men pubefeent
at the year of twice feven, is accounted a punctual truth. Bro.
He was punctual and juft in all his dealings. Atterbury.
The correfpondence of the death and fufferings of our lord
is fo punctual and exadi, that they feem rather like a hiftory of
events paft, than a prophecy of fuch as were to come. Rogers.
Punctuality, n. /. [from punctual.] Nicety; ferupuious
exa&nefs.
I‘or the encouragement of thofe that hereafter fhould ferve
other princes with that punctuality as Sophronio had done, he
commanded him to offer him a blank, wherein he might fet
down his own conditions. Howels Vocal Forejl.
7 hough fome of thefe punctualities did not lo much con¬
duce to preferve the text, yet all of them fliew, the infinite
care which was taken, that there might be no miftake in a
ftngle ietter. ~ Grew's Cofmol.
Punctually, adv. [from punctual.] Nicely; exactly; lcrupuloufly.
7 here were no ufe at all for war or law, if every man had
prudence to conceive how much of right were due both to
and from himielf, and were withal fo punctually juft as to per¬
form what he knew requifitc, and to reft contented with his
own- Raleigh's Efays'.
Concerning the heavenly bodies, there is fo much exaCtnefs
in their motions, that they punctually come to the fame pe¬
riods to the hundredth part of a minute. Ray on the Creation.
I freely bring what Mofes hath related to the teft, compar¬
ing it with things as now they ftand ; and finding his account
to be punctually true, I fairly declare what I find. Woodward.
Pu'nctualness. n. f. [from punctual.] Exacfnefs ; nicety.
I he moft literal tranflation of the feriptures, in the moft
natural fignification of the words, is generally the beft; and
the fame punClualnefs which debafeth other writings, preferveth the fpirit and majefty of the facred text. Felton.
Punctuation, n.f [punClutn, Lat.] The a£t or method of
pointing.
It ought to do it willingly, without being forced to. it by
any change in the words or punctuation. Addifon.
Pu'n cture. n.f. [punClus, Lat.] A finall prick; a hole
made with a very fharp point.
With the loadftone of Laurentius Guafcus, whatfoever
needles or bodies were touched, the wounds and punClures
made thereby were never felt. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Nerves may be wounded by feiffion orpundure : the former
way being cut through, they are irrecoverable ; but when
pricked by a fharp-pointed weapon, which kind of wound is
called a pundure, they are much to be regarded. Wifeman.
To Pu'nctulate. v. n. [punCiulum, Lat.] To mark with
fmall fpots.
The ftudds have their ftirface pundulated, as if fet all over
with other ftudds infinitely lefler. Woodward.
Pu'ndle. n.f, [mulier pumila & obefa, Lat.] A fhort and fat
woman. . Ainfworth.
Pu'ngar. n.f. [pagurus, Lat.] A fifh. Ainfworth.
Pu'ngency. n.f. [from pungent.]
1. Power of pricking
Any fubftance, which by its pungency can wound the worms,
will kill them, as fteel and hartfhorn. Arbuthnot.
2. Heat on the tongue ; acridnds.
3. Power to pierce the mind.
An opinion of the fuccefsfulnefs of the work is as nec£ffary to found a purpofe of undertaking it, as the authority of
commands, the perfuaiivenefs of promifes, pungency of me¬
naces, or profpedt of mifehiefs upon negledf can be. Hamm.
4. Acrimonioufnefs ; keenefs.
When he hath confidered the force and pungency of thefe
expreffions applied to the fathers of that Nicene fynod by the
Weftern bifhops, he may abate his rage towards me. Stilling.
PUNGENT, adj. [pungent, Lat.]
1. Pricking.
Juft where the breath of life his noftrils drew
A charge of fnuff the wily virgin threw ;
The gnomes dire<7 to ev’ry atom juft
Th6 pungent grains of titillating duff. Pope's Ra. ofthe Lock.
2. bharp on the tongue ; acrid.
Do not the fharp and pungent taftes of acids arife from the
ftrong attraction, whereby the acid particles rufh upon, and
agitate the particles of the tongue. Newton's Opticks.
20 7 3, Piercing -K
P U N PUP
Swift's Mifcellanies
%. Piercing; {harp.
Thou can’ll fet him on the rack,
Inclofe him in a wooden tow’r,
With pungent pains on ev’ry iide ;
So Regulus in torments dy’d.
4. Acrimonious ; biting.
It confifts chiefly a (harp and pungent manner ci lpeech ,
but partly in a facetious way ot jelling. Dryden.
PXJ'NICE. n.f A walloufe j a bugg. Hudibras. Ainfworth.
Puni'ceous. odj. [puniceus, Lat.] Purple. Diet.
Puniness, n.f [from puny.] Pettinels ; fma..nefs.
To PU'NISH. v. a. [punio, Lat.J < ...
1. To chaftife ; to afflidt with penalties or death for fome crime.
Your purpos’d low corredfion
Is fuch, as bafeft and the meaneft wretches
Are punijhed with. Shakefp. King Lear.
If you will not hearken, I will punijh you feven times
more for your fins. Lev. xxvi. 18.
2. To revenge a fault with pain or death.
PUNISHABLE, adj. [punifable, Fr. from punijh.] Worthy of
puniftiment ; capable of punifhment.
Theft is naturally punijhable, but the kind of punifhment is
pofitive, and fuch lawful, as men {hall think with diferetion
convenient to appoint. Hooker, b. iii.f 9.
Sith creatures, which have no underftanding, can (hew no
will; and where no will is, there is no fin; and only that
which finneth, is fubjedt to punifhment; which way fhould
any fuch creature be punijhable by the law of God ? Hooker.
Their bribery is lefs punifoable, when bribery opened the
door by which they entred. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
Pu'nishableness, n.f [from punijhable.] The quality of
delerving or admitting punifhment.
PUnisher. n.f [from punijh.~\ One who infiidls pains for a
crime.
This knows my punijher ; therefore as far
From granting me, as I from begging peace. Milton.
^u'nishment. n.f [puniffement,Yr.] Any inflidtion impofed
in vengeance of a crime.
The houfe of endlefs pain is built thereby.
In which ten thoufand forts of punijhments
The curfed creatures do eternally torment. Fa. Sheen.
Unlefs it were a bloody murtherer,
I never gave them condign punijhment. Shakefp.
Thou, through the judgment of God, {halt receive juft
punijhment for thy pride. 2 Mac. vii. 36.
Is not deftruaion to the wicked ? and a ftrange punijhment
to the workers of iniquity ? J°b xxxi. 3.
Had I a hundred mouths, a hundred tongues,
I could not half thole horrid crimes repeat,
Nor half the punijhments thofe crimes have met. Dryden.
The rewards and punijloments of another life, which the
Almighty has eftabliihed, as the enforcements of his law,
are of weight enough to determine the choice, againft wnatever pleafure or pain this life can {hew. Locke.
Function, n.f. [punition, Fr. punitio, Lat.J Punifhment. Ainf.
PUnitive. adj. [from punio, Lat.J Awarding or inflicting
punifhment.
Neither is the cylinder charged with fin, whether by God
or men, nor any punitive law enadted by either againft its
rolling down the hill. Hammond's Fundamentals.
PUnitory. adj. [from punio, Lat.J Punifhing; tending to
punifhment.
Punk, n.f A whore ; a common proftitute ; a ftrumpet.
She may be a punk j for many of them aie neither maid,
widow, nor wife. Shakefp. Meafure for Meafure.
And made them fight, like mad or drunk,
For dame religion as for punk. Hudibras.
Near thefe a nurfery eredts its head.
Where unfledg’d adtors learn to laugh and cry,
Where infant punks their tender voices try. . Dryden.
PUnster. n.f. [from pun.] A quibbler ; a low wit who en¬
deavours at reputation by double meaning.
His mother was coufin to Mr. Swan, gamefter and punjler
of London. Arbuthnot and Pope.
To Punt. v. n. To play at ballet and embre.
One is for fetting up an aflembly for ballet, where none
{hall be admitted to punt, that have not taken the oaths. Add.
When a duke to Janfen punts at White’s,
Or city heir in mortgage melts away,
Satan himfelf feels far lefs joy than they. Pope.
PU'NY. adj. [puis ne, Fr.J
it Young.
2. Inferior; petty; of an under rate.
Is not the king’s name forty thoufand names ?
Arm, arm, my name ; a puny fubjedt ftrikes
At thy great glory. Shakefp. Rich. II.
Know me not.
Left that thy wives with {pits, and boys with ftones,
I11 puny battle flay me. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Drive
The puny habitants; or if not drive,
Seduce them to our party. Milton.
This friendlhip is of that ftrength, as to remain uriftiaken
by fuch afaults, which yet are ftrong enough to Ihake down
and annihilate the friendihip of little puny minds. South.
Jove at their head afcending from the fea,
A flioal of puny pov/rs attend his way. Dryden.
Pu'ny. n.f. A young unexperienced unfeafoned wretch.
Tendernefs of heart makes a man but a puny in this fin ;
it fpoils the growth, and cramps the crowning exploits of this
v;CCi South's Sermons.
To Pup. v.n. [from puppy.] To bring forth whelps: uled of
a bitch bringing young.
PUPIL, n.f. |pupilla, Lat.J
1. The apple of the eye.
Looking in a glais, when you {hut one eye, the pupil of
the other,^that is open, dilateth. Bacon's Nat. Hijt.
Setting a candle before a child, bid him look upon it, and
his pupiUbzll contrail itfelf very much to exclude the light;
as when after we have been fome time in the dark, a bright
]io-ht is fuddenly brought in and fet before us, till the pupils of
our eyes have gradually contracted. Ray on the C cation.
The uvea has a mufculous power, and can dilate and con¬
tract that round hole in it, called the pupil of the eye. More.
The rays, which enter the eye at ieveral parts of ths pupil,
have feveral obliquities to the glaffes. Aewtons Opiuks.
2. [Pupille, Fr. pupillus, Lat.J A fcholar; one under the car*
of a tutor.
My mafter fues to her, and the hath taught her fuitor.
He being her pupil, to become her tutor. Shakefp.
One of my father’s fervants,
With ftore of tears this treafon ’gan unfold,
And faid my guardian would his pupil kill. Fairfax.
If this arch-politician find in his pupils any remorfe, any
fear of God’s future judgments, he perfuades them that trod
hath fo great need of men’s fouls, that he will accept them
at any time, and upon any condition. _ Raleigh.
Tutors fhould behave reverently before their pupils. L’Ejt.
The meat work of a governor is, to fettle in his pupil good
habits, and the principles of virtue and wifdom. Locke.
3. A ward ; one under the care of his gpardian.
Tell me, thou pupil to great Pericles,
WTat are the grounds
To undertake To young fo vaft a care ? Dryden*
So fome weak {hoot, which elfe would poorly rife,
Jove’s tree adopts, and lifts him to the {kies;
Through the new pupil foft’ningjuices flow,
Thruft forth the gems, and give theflov/rs to blow. Tickel.
PUpilage. n.f. [from pupil.]
1. State of being-a fcholar.
The feverity of the father’s brow, whilft they are under
the difeipline ofpupilage, ihould be relaxed as fall as their age,
diferetion, and good behaviour allow. Locke.
2. Wardfhip ; minority.
Three Ions he dying left, all under age.
By means whereof their uncle Vortigern
Ulurp’d the crown, during their pupilage ;
Which the infant’s tutors gathering to fear,
Them clofely into Armorick did bear. Fairy Sheen.
Pu'pilary. adj. [pupillaire, hr. pupillaris, Lat. from pupil.]
Pertaining to a pupil or ward.
Pu'ppet. n. J'. [poupee, hr. pupus, Lat.J
1. A fmall image moved by men in a mock drama ; a wooden
tragedian.
Once Zelmane could not ftir ; but that as if they had been
puppets, whole motion flood only upon her pleafure, Bafihus
with ferviceable fteps, Gynecia with greedy eyes would fol¬
low her. Sidney, b. ii.
Divers of them did keep in their houfes certain things made
of cotton wool, in the manner of puppets. Abbot.
His laft wife was a woman of breeding, good humour and
complaifance ; as for you, you look like a puppet moved by
clock-work. Arbuthno: s Hijlory of John Bull.
As the pipes of fome carv’d organ move,
The gilded puppets dance. Popes
In florid impotence he fpeaks.
And, as the prompter breathes, the puppet fqueaks. Pope.
2. A word of contempt.
Thou, an Egyptian puppet, {halt be {hewn
In Rome as well as I. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Oh excellent motion ! oh exceeding puppet! Shakefp.
Pu'ppf.tman. n.f. [puppet and man.J Mafter of a puppetfhow.
Why is a handfome wife ador’d
By every coxcomb but her lord ?
From yonder puppetman inquire,
Who wifely hides his wood and wire. ^ Swift.
Pu'ppetshow. n.J. [puppet and foow.j A mock diama pet
formed by wooden images moved by wire.
Tim. you have a tafte I know.
And often fee apuppetjhozv. Swift.
To induce him to be fond of learning, he would frequently
carry him to the puppctjhow. Arbuthnot and 1 ope.-
A pre-
PUR
A prefident of the council will make no more impreflion
upon my mind, than the fight of a puppetjhow. Tope.
Ptj PpY. n.f. [pcipce, hr.j
i. A whelp ; progeny cf
Addiforis Guardian.
a bitch.
He
Talks as familiarly of roaring lions,
As maids of thirteen do of puppy dogs. Shakefp.
The rogues flighted me into the river with as little remorfe,
as they would have drowned a bitch’s blind fuppies, fifteen
p th’ litter. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windjor.
The fovv to the bitch fays, your puppies are all blind. L’Efl.
Nature does the puppy’s eyelid clofe,
Till the bright fun has nine times fet and rofe. Gay.
2.A name of contemptuous reproach to a man.
I fhall laugh myfelf to death at this puppy headed monfter;
a iroft feurvy monfter i Shakefp. Tcmpeji.
Thus much I have added, becaufe there are fome puppies
which have given it out. Raleigh.
I found my place taken up by an ill-bred aukward puppy,
with a money bag under each arm.
To Pu ppy. v. n. [from the noun.] To bring whelps.
PURBLI'ND. adj. [corrupted from porchlind, which is ftill
ufed in Scotland ; pore and blindf Nearlighted ; lhortughted.
Speak to my goftip Venus one fair word.
One nickname to hex purblind Ion and heir. Shakefp.
The truth appears l'o naked on my fide.
That any purblind eye may find it out. Shakefp.
’Tis known to feveral
Of head piece extraordinary ; lower mefles
Perchance, are to this bufinefs purblind. Shakefp.
Like to purblind moles, no greater light than that little (
which they fhun. Drummond.
Darkncfs, that here furrounded out purblind under!tandings,
will vanifh at the dawning of eternal day. Boyle.
Dropt in blear thick-fighted eyes.
They’d make them fee in darkeft night.
Like owis, though purblind in the light. Hudibras.
Purblind man
Sees but a part o’ th’ chain, the neareft links;
His eyes not carrying to that equal beam,
That poifes all above. Dryden and Lee’s Oedipus.
PuRBLi'ndness. n.f [from purblind.'] Shortnefs of fight.
Purchasable, adj. [from purchafe.] That may be purchafed
or bought.
Money being the counterbalance to all things ptcrchafable by
it, as much as you take off from the value of money, fo
much you add to the price of th ngs exchanged for it. Locke.
To PU'RCHASE. v. a. [ pourchaffer, Fr.J
1. To buy for a price.
You have many z purchas’d Mve,
Which like your afibs, and your dogs and mules.
You ufe in abjedt and in flavifli part. Shakefp.
His fons buried him in the cave, which Abraham purchajed
of the fons of Heth. Gen. xxv.
2. To obtain at any expence, as of labour or danger.
A world who would not purchafe with a bruile. Milton,
3. To expiate or recompenfe by a fine or forfeit.
I will be deaf to pleading and excufes,
Nor tears nor prayers fhall purchafe out abufes ;
Therefore ufe none. Shakefp. Ro?neo and Juliet.
Pu'r chase. n.J. [pourchas, old Fr. from the verb.]
1. Any thing bought or obtained for a price.
He that procures his child a good mind, makes a better
purchafe for him, than if he laid out the money for an addi¬
tion to his former acres. Locke on Education.
Our thriving dean has purchas’d land;
A purchafe which will bring him clear
Above his rent four pounds a year. Swift.
2. Any thing of which poffeliion is taken.
A beauty warning and diftreffed widow
Made prize and purchafe of his wanton eye ;
Seduc’d the pitch and height of all his thoughts
To bafe dcclenfion. Shakefp.
The fox repairs to the wolf’s cell, and takes pofleflion of
his ftores ; but he had little joy of the purchaje. L’Ljlrange.
Purchaser, n.f. [from purchafe.] A buyer ; one that gains
any thing for a price.
Upon one only alienation and change, the purchafer is to
pafs both licence, fine and recovery. Bacon.
So unhappy have been the purchafers of church lands, that,
though in luch purchafes, men have ulually the cheapeft penny¬
worths, yet they have not always the beft bargains. South.
Moft of the old ftatues may be well fuppofed to have been
cheaper to their firft owners, than they are to a modern
purchafer. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
PURE.adj. [pur, pure, Fr. purus, Lat.]
1. Not filthy ; not fullied.
There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and
yet is not vvafhed from their filthinefs. Prov. xxx. 12.
2. Clear; not dirty; not muddy.
Thou parcjl ftone, whole purenefs doth prefent
My pureft mind* Sidney, l. tit
PUR
3. Unmingled ; not altered by mixtures; mere.
What philofophy fhall comfort a villain, that is haled trt
the riick for murthering his prince ? his cup is full of pure and
unmingled forrow, his body is rent with torment, his name
with ignominy, his foul with fhame and forrow, which are to
laft eternally. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
Pure and mixt, when applied to bodies, aie much a icin to
Ample and compound ; fo a guinea is pure gold, if it has in
it no allay. _ Watts’s Logick.
4. Not connected with any thing extrinfick : as, pure matbematicks. _ .
Mathcmaticks in its latitude is divided intopure" and mixed ;
and though the pure do handle only abftract quantity in the
general, as geometry ; yet that which is mixed doth confidcr
the quantity of fome particular determinate fubjecL Wilkins.
When a propofition expreftes that the predicate is connected
with the fubjedt, it is called a pure propofition ; as every true
chriftian is an lioneft man. Watts.
5. Free; clear.
His mind of evil pure
Supports him, and intention free from fraud. Philips.
6. Free from guilt; guiltlefs ; innocent.
Who can fay, I have made my heart clean, I am pure
From my fin ? Prov. xx. 9.
O welcome pure ey’d faith,
And thou unblemifh’d form of chaftity. Milton:
No hand of ftrife is pure, but that which wins. Daniel.
7. Incorrupt; not vitiated by any bad practice or opinion.
Her guiltlefs glory juft Britannia draws
From pure religion, and impartial laws. TickcL
8. Not vitiated with corrupt modes of fpeech.
As oft as I read thofe comedies, fo oft doth found in mine
car the pure fine talk of Rome. Aj'cham.
9. Mere : as, a pure villain, purus putus nebula, Lat.
The lord of the caftle was a young man of fpirit, but had
latelv out of pure wearinefs of the fatigue, and having fpent
moft of his money, left the king. Clarendon.
There happened a bloody civil war among the hawks,
when the peaceable pigeons, in pure pity and good na^
ture, fend their mediators to make them friends again.
L’Ejlrange’s Fables,
10. Chafte ; modefi. Ainfworth.
Pu'rely. adv. [from pure.]
1. In a pure manner; not dirtily ; not with mixture.
I will purely purge away thy drofs, and take away all thy
tin. IJaiah i. 25.
2. Innocently ; without guilt.
3. Merely.
The being able to raife an army, and conducting it to fight
againft the king, was purely due to him, and the effedt of his
power. Clarendon, b. viii.
Upon the particular obfervations on the metallick and mi¬
neral bodies, I have not founded any thing but what purely
and immediately concerns the natural hiftory of thofe
bodies. Woodward’s Nat. HiJI.
I converfe In full freedom with men of both parties ; and if
not in equal number, it is purely accidental, as having made
acquaintance at court more under one miniftry than another.
Swift.
Pu'reness. n.f [from pure.']
1. Clearnefs ; freedom from extraneous or foul admixtures.
They came to the river fide, which of all the rivers of
Greece had the prize for excellent purenefs and fweetnefs, In
fo much as the very bathing in it was accounted exceeding
healthful. Sidney.
No circumftances are like to contribute more to the ad¬
vancement of learning, than exact temperance, great pure¬
nefs of air, equality of climate, and long tranquility of go¬
vernment. Temple.
2. Simplicity ; exemption from compofition.
An eflence eternal and fpiritual, of abfolute purenefs and
fimplicity. Raleigh.
My love was fuch,
It could, though he fupply’d no fuel, burn;
Rich in itfelf, like elemental fire,
Whofepurenefs does no aliment require. Dryden'.
3. Innocence ; freedom from guilt.
May we evermore ferve thee in holinefs and purenefs of
living. Common Prayer.
4. Freedom from vitious modes of fpeech.
In all this good propriety of words, arid purenefs of phtafes
in Terence, you mull not follow him always in placing of
them. Afcham’s Schoolmajler.
Pu'rfile. n.f. [pourfilee, Fr.] A fort of ancient trimming for
women’s gowns, made of tinfel and thread ; called alfo
bobbin work. Bailey.
To Pu rfle. v. a. [pourfiler, Fr. profilare, Italian.] To de¬
corate with a wrought or flowered border; to border with
embroidery; to embroider.
A goodly lady clad in fcarlet red,
Purfied with gold and pearl of rich aflay. La. ghieen.
An
P U R
1>U
Ifmrold tuffs, flow’rs purjied blue and white,
^/ike faphire, pearl, in rich embroidery,
Buckled below fair knighthood’s bending knee. Sbakefp.
Iris thejre with humid bow,
Waters the odorous banks that blow
Flowers of more mingled hew.
Than her purjied fcarff can fhew. Milton.
In velvet white as fnow the troop was gown’d,
Their hoods and fieeves the fame, and purjied o er
With diamonds. , , Dryden.
rfle. (n.f [pourflee, Fr. from the verb.] A border of
Pu'rflew. S embroidery.
Purga tion, n.f. [purgation, Yr. purgatio, Lat.] _
1. The a&of cleaniing or purifying from vitious mixtures.
We do not fiippofe the feparation finifhed, before the pur¬
gation of the air began. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. The a£t of cleanfing the body by downward evacuation.
Let the phyfician' apply himfelf more to purgation than to
alteration, becaufe the offence is in quantity. Bacon.
3. The a£I of clearing from imputation of guilt.
If any man doubt, let him put me to my purgation. Shah.
Proceed in juftice, which (hall have due courfe,
Even to the guilt or the purgation. _ Shakefp.
Pu'rgative. adj. [purgatif, Fr. purgativus, Lat.] Cathartick ;
having the power to caufe evacuations downward.
Purging medicines have their purgative virtue in a fine fpirit, they endure not boiling without lofs of virtue. Bacon.
All that is fill’d, and all that which doth fill
All the round world, to man is but a pill;
In all it works not, but it is in all
Poifonous, or purgative, or cordial. Bonne.
Lenient purgatives evacuate the humours. IVifeinan.
Pu'rgatory. f [purgatoire, Fr. purgatorium, Lat.] A
place in which fouls are fuppofed by the papifts to be purged
by fire from carnal impurities, before they are received into
heaven.
Thou thy folk, through pains of purgatory,
Deft bear unto thy blifs. Spenfer’s Hymn on Love.
In this age, there may be as great infiances produced of
real charity, as when men thought to get fouls out of purga¬
tory. Stillingfeet.
To PURGE, v. a. [purger, Fr. purgo, Lat.]
1. To cleanfe ; to clear.
It will be like that labour of Hercules, in purging the ftable
of Augeas, to feparate from fuperftitious obfervations any
thing that is clean and pure natural. Bacon.
2. Todear from impurities.
To the Englifti court affemble now
From ev’ry region apes of idlenefs ;
Now neighbour confines purge you of your feum. Shakefp.
Air ventilates and cools the mines, and purges and frees
them from mineral exhalations. Woodward.
3. To clear from guilt.
Blood hath been filed ere now, i’ th’ olden time
Ere human ftatute purg’d the gen’ral weal. Shakefp.
My foul is purg’d from grudging hate;
And with my hand I feal my true heart’s love. Shakefp.
The blood of Chrift fnall purge our confcicnce from dead
works to ferve God. Hcb. ix. 14.
Syphax, we’ll join our cares to purge away
*Our country’s crimes, and clear her reputation. Addifon.
4. To clear from imputation of guilt.
He, I accufe,
Intends t’ appear before the people, hoping
To purge himfelf with words. Shakefp. Conolanus.
Marquis Dorfet was halting towards him, to purge himfelf
of fome accufaticn. _ Bacon’s Henry VII.
3. To fweep or put away impurities.
I will purge out from among you the rebels. Ezek.xx. 30.
Simplicity and integrity in the inward parts, may purge out
every prejudice and paffion. Decay of Piety.
6. To evacuate the body by ftool.
Sir Philip Calthrop purged John Drakes, the fhoemaker of
Norwich, of the proud humour. Camden s Remains.
The frequent and wife ufe of emaciating diets, and of purg¬
ings, is a principal means of a prolongation of life. Bacon.
^If he was not cured, he purged him with fait water.
Arbuthnot.
7. To clarify ; to defecate.
To Purge, v. n. To have frequent ftools.
Purge, n.f [from the verb.] A cathartick medicine ; a me¬
dicine that evacuates the body by fiool.
Meet we the med’eine of the fickly weal,
And with him pour we in our country’s purge
Each drop of us. Shakefp.
Pills nor laxatives I like ;
Of thefe his gain the {harp phyfician makes.
And often gives a purge, but feldom takes. Dryden.
He was no great friend to purging and differs ; he was for
mixing aloes with all purges. Arbuthnot.
IVrgkR. n.f [from purge.}
1. One who clears away any thing noxious.
PUR
This fhall make
Our purpofe nccefl’ary, and not envious;
\V e {hall be call’d purgers, not murtherers. Shakefp.
2.Purge; cathartick.
It is of good ufe in phyfick, if you can retain the purging
virtue, and take away the unpleafant tafte of the purger. Bac.
Purification, n.f. [purification, Fr. purificatio, Lat.]
1. The add of making pure ; act of cleanfing from extraneous
mixture.
I difeerned aconfiderable difference in the operations of feveral kinds of faltpetre, even after purification. Boyle.
2. The act of cleanfing from guilt.
The facraments, in their own nature, are juft fuch as they
feem, water, and bread, and wine ; but becaufe they are
made ligns of a fecret myftery, and water is the fymbol of
purification of the foul from fin, and bread and wine, of
Chrift’s body and blood ; therefore the fymbols receive the
names of what they fign. Taylor’s Worthy Communicant.
3. A rite performed by the Hebrews after childbearing.
Pu'rificative. } adj. [from purify.] Having power or tenPu'rificatory. ) dency to make pure.
Pu'rifier. n.f. [from purify.] Cleanfer ; refiner.
He {hall lit as a refiner and purifier of filver. Mai. iii. 3,
To Puri'fy. v. a. [purifier, Fr. purifico, Lat.]
1. To make pure.
2. To free from any extraneous admixture.
If any bad blood fnould be left in the kingdom, an honour-*
able foreign war will vent or purify it. Bacon s Henry VII,
The mafs of the air was many thoufand times greater than
the water, and would in proportion require a greater time to
be purified. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
By chace our long-liv’d fathers earn’d their food.
Toil ftrung the nerves, and purified the blood. Dryden.
3. To make clear.
It ran upon fo fine and delicate a ground, as one could not
eafily judge, whether the river did more wafh the gravel, or
' the gravel did purify the river. Sidney, b. ii.
4. To free from guilt or corruption.
He gave himfelf for us, that he might redeem us from all
iniquity, and purify unto himlell a peculiar people. Tit. n. 14*
If God gives grace, knowledge will not ftay long benind j
fince it is the fame fpirit and principle that purifies the heart,
and clarifies the underftanding. South s Sermons.
3.To free from pollution, as by luftration.
There were let fix water pots of ftone, after the manner of
the purifying of the Jews. J0' ii* 6.
6. To clear from barbarifms or improprieties.
He law the French tongue abundantly purified. Sprat,
To Puri fy, v.n. To grow pure.
We do not fuppofe the feparation of thefe two liquors
wholly finifhed, before the purgation of the air began, tnough
let them begin to purify at the fame time. Burnet.
Pu'rist. n.J. [purijle, Fr.] One fuperftitioufly nice in the ufe
of words.
Pu'ritan. n.f. [from pure.] A fectary pretending to emi¬
nent purity of religion.
The fchifm which the papifts on the one hand, and the
fuperftition which thepuritan on the other, lay to our charge,
are very juftly chargeable upon themlelves. handerjon.
Purita'nical. adj. [from puritan.] Relating to puritans.
Such guides fet over the leveral congregations will mifteach
them, by inftilling into them puritanical and luperftitious prin¬
ciples, that they may the more fecurely exercile their prefbyterian tyranny. Walton.
Pu'ritamsm. n.f. [from puritan.~\ The notions of a puritan.
A ferious and unpartial examination of the grounds, as
well of popery as puritanifm, according to that mealure of
underftanding God hath afforded me. Walton.
Pu rity, n. f. [purite, Fr. puritas, Lat.]
1. Cleannefs ; freedom from foulnefs or dirt.
Her urn
Pours ftreams feledl, and purity of waters. Prior.
From the body’s purity, the mind
Receives a fecret aid. Thomfon's Summer.
2. Freedom from guilt; innocence.
Death fets us lafely on Ihore in our long-expe&ed Canaan,
where there are no temptations, no danger of falling, but
eternal purity and immortal joys fecure our innocence and
happinefs for ever. Wake’s Preparationfor Death.
3. Chaftity ; freedom from contamination of lexes.
Could I come to her with any detection in my hand, I could
drive her then from the ward of her purity, her reputation,
and her marriage vow. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windjor.
Purl. n.J. [this is juftly fuppofed by Minjhew to be contracts
from purfle. ]
1. An embroidered and puckered border. r
Himfelf came in next after a triumphant chariot made ot
carnation velvet, enriched with purl and pearl. 6/ ney.
The jagging of pinks is like the inequality of oak leaves;
but they feldom have any fmall purls. . Bacon.
2. [I know not whence derived.] A kind of medicated malt
liquor, in which wormwood and aromaticks arc »n^le(J*
n j To Purl*
I
PUR
To PufcL. v. n. [of this word it is doubtful what is the pri¬
mitive fignification ; if it is refered originally to the appea¬
rance of a quick ftfeam, which is always dimpled on the fur-
' face, it inav come from pur/, a pucker orfringe-, but if, as
the ufe of authors feem to fhow, it relates to the found, it
muft be derived from porla, Swedilh, to murmur, according
to Mr. Lye.] To murmur ; to flow with a gentle noife.
Tones are not fo apt to procure deep, as fome other founds;
.as the wind, the purling ot water, and humming of bees.
Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
Inflruments that have returns, as trumpets ; or flexions, as
cornets; or are drawn up, and put from, as faebuts, have a
purling found ; but the recorder or flute, that have none of
thefe inequalities, give a clear found. Bacon.
All fifh from fea or fhore,
Frefhet, or purling brook, or fhell or fin. Milton.
My flow’ry theme,
A painted miftrefs, or a purling ftream. Pope.
Around th’ adjoining brook, that purls along
The vocal grove, now fretting o’er a rock. Thomfron.
To Purl. v. a. To decorate with fringe or embroidery.
When was old Sherewood’s head more quaintly curl’d.
Or nature’s cradle more enchas’d and purl'd. B. Johnfon.
Pu'rlieu. n.fr. The grounds on the borders of a foreft ; bor¬
der; inclofure.
In the purlieus of this foreft Hands
A Iheepcote, fenc’d about with olive trees. Shakefrp.
Such civil matters fall within the purlieus of religion. L'EJl.
To underftand all the purlieus of this place, and to illus¬
trate this fubjeCt, I muft venture myfelf into the haunts of
beauty and gallantry. Spectator:
He may be left to rot among thieves in fome flanking jail,
merely for miftaking the purlieus of the law. Swift.
A party next of glitt’ring dames,
Thrown round the purlieus of St. James,
Came early out. Sivifrt.
Pu'rlins. n.fr. In architecture, thofe pieces of timber that
lie acrofs the rafters on the infide, to keep them from linking
in the middle of their length. Bailey.
To PURLO IN, v. a. [this word is of doubtful etymology.
Skinner deduces it from pour and loin, French ; Mr. Lye from
pupllouhnan, Saxon, to lie hid.] To fteal; to take by theft.
He, that brave fteed there finding ready dight.
Purloin cl both fteed and fpear, and ran away full light. F. frK
The Arimafpian by Health
Had, from his wakeful cuftody, purloin’d
The guarded gold. Milton.
They not content like felons to purloin,
Add treafon to it, and debafe the coin. Denham.
Some writers make all ladies purloin'd,
And knights purfuing like a whirlwind. Hudihras.
When did the mufe from Fletcher feenes purloin.
As thou whole Eth’ridge doft transfufe to thine ? Dryden.
Your butler purloins your liquor, and the brewer fells your
ho^-wafh. Arbuthnofs Hijlory of John Bull.
Prometheus once this chain purloin'd,
Diflolv’d, and into money coin’d. Swift.
Purlcuner. n.fr. [from purloin.] A thief; one that fteals
clandeftinely.
It may feem hard, to fee publick purloiners fit upon the
lives of the little ones, that go to the gallows. L'Eftrange.
Purpartv. n.fr. [pour and parti, Fr.J Share ; part in dlvifion.
Each of the coparceners had an entire county allotted for
her purparty. . Davies-on Ireland.
PU'RPLE. adj. [pourpre, Fr. purpureus, Lat.]
1. Red tindured with blue.
The poop was beaten gold.
Purple the fails, and fo perfumed, that
The winds were love-fick with e’m. Shakefrp.
You violets, that firft appear,
By your pure purple mantles known ;
What are you when the rofc is blown ? JVotion.
A fmall oval plate, cut off- a flinty pebble, and polifhed,
is prettily variegated with a pale grey, blue, yellow, and
purple. Woodward on FoJJils.
2. In poetry, red.
I view a field of blood.
And Tyber rolling with a purple flood. Dryden.
Their mangled limbs
Crafhing at once, death dyes the purple feas
With gore. Thomfron's Summer.
To Pu rple, v.a. [purpuro, Lat.] To make red ; to colour
WUh Whilft vour purpled hands do reak and fmoak,
Fulfil your pleafure. Shakefrp. Julius Cafrar.
Cruel and fuddain, haft thou fincc
Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence ? Donne.
Though fall’n on evil days,
Jn darknefs, and with dangers compafs’d round,
And folitude ! yet, not alone, while thou
Vifit’ft my flumbers nightly ; or when morn
Purples the Eaft. Milton's Par. Lojl, h. xxx.
PUR
Throw hither all your quaint enamel’d eyes.
That on the green turf fuck the honied fhow’rs,
And purple all the ground with vernal flow’rs. Milton.
Aurora had but newly chas’d the night.
And purpled o’er the Iky with blufhing light. Dryden.
Not with more glories in th’ ethereal plain,
The fun firft rifes o’er the purpled main. Pope.
Reclining foft in blifsful bovv’rs.
Purpled l'weet with fpringing flow’rs. Fenton.
Pu'rples. n.fr. [without a Angular.] Spots of a livid red,
which break out in malignant fevers; a purple fever.
Pu'rplish. adj. [from purple.] Somewhat purple.
I could change the colour, and make it purplijh. Boyle.
Purport, n.fr. [pourportc, Fr.J Defign; tendency of a wri¬
ting or difeourfe.
That Plato intended nothing leis, is evident from the whole
fcope and purport of that dialogue. Norris.
. To Purport, v.a. [from the noun.] To intend; to tend to
fhow.
There was an article againft the reception of the rebels,
purporting, that if any fuch rebel Ihould be required of the
prince confederate, that the prince confederate fhould com¬
mand him to avoid the country. Bacon's Henry VII.
T. hey m moft grave anti lolemn wife unfolded
Matter, which little purported, but words
Rank’d in right learned phrafe. , Rowe.
PU RPOSE. n.J. [propos, Fr. propofritum, Lat.]
1. Intention; defign.
He quit the houfe of purpofre, that their punifhment
Might have the freer courfe. Shakefrp. King Lear.
Change this pii'pofre,
Which being fo horrible, fo bloody, muft
Lead on to fome foul iftue. Shakefrp.
He with troops of horfemen befet the paftages of purpofre,
that when the army fhould fet forward, he might in the
ftreights, fit for his purpofre, fet upon them. Knolles.
And I perfuade me God hath not permitted
His ftrength again to grow, were not his purpofre
To ufe him farther yet. Milton's Agontjles.
St. Auftin hath laid down a rule to this very purpofre. Burn.
They, who are defirous of a name in painting, fhould
read and make obfervations of fuch things as they find for
their purpofre. Dryden's Dufrefrnoy.
He travelled the world, on purpofre to converfe with the
moft learned men. Guardian, N? 165.
The common materials, which the ancients made their
fhips of, were the ornus or wild afh ; the fir was likewife
ufed for this purpofre. Arbuthnot.
I do this, on purpofre to give you a more fenfible impreflion.
of the imperfection of your knowledge. Watts.
Where men err againft this method, it is ufually on purpofre,
and to fhew their learning. Sivifrt.
2. EfFecft ; confequence.
To fmall purpofre had the council of Jerufalem been affembled, if once their determination being fet down, men
might afterwards have defended their former opinions. Hooker.
The ground will be like a wood, which keepeth out the
fun, and fo continueth the wet, whereby it will never graze,
to purpofre that year. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
Their defign is a war, whenever they can open it with a
profpeCt of fucceeding to purpofre. Temple.
Such firft principles will ferve us to very little purpofre, and
we fhall be as much at a lofs with, as without them, if they
may, by any human power, fuch as is the will of our teachers,
or opinions of our companions, be altered or loft in us. Locke.
He that would relifh fuccefs to purpofre, fhould keep his
paflion cool, and his expectation low. Collier on Defrre.
What the Romans have done is not worth notice, having
had little occafion to make ufe of this art, and what they
have of it to purpofre being borrowed from Ariftotle. Baker.
3. Inftance ; example.
’Tis common for double-dealers to be taken in their own
fnares, as for the purpofre in the matter of power. L'EJl.
To Pu'rpose. v. a. [from the noun.] To intend; to defign;
to refolve.
What he did purpofre, it was the pleafure of God that So¬
lomon his fon fhould perform. Hooker.
It is a purpos'd thing, and grows by plot.
To curb the nobility. Shakefrp. Coriclanus.
I am purpofred, that my mouth fhall not tranfgrefs. Pfr xvii.
This is the purpofe that is purpofred upon the whole
earth. ... V- xiv. 26.
Paul purpofred in the fpirit, to go to Jerufalem. Adis xix. 21.
The chriftian captains, purpofmg to retire home, placed on
each fide of ;the army four ranks of waggons. Knolles.
The whole included race his purpos'd prey. Milton.
Oaths were not purpos'd more than law,
To keep the good and juft in awe,
But to confine the bad and finful.
Like moral cattle in a pinfold. Huclibras:
Doubling my crime, I promife and deceive,
Purpojc to flay, whilft fwearing to forgive. Prior.
20 U * Pu'rposely.
K' H PUR
IVrposkly. adv. [from purpofe.] Bydeiign; by intention.
Being the inftrument which God hath purpofely framed,
thereby to work the knowledge of falvation in the hearts of
men, what caufe is there wherefore it fhould not be acknow¬
ledged a moft: apt mean ? Hooker.
I have purpofely avoided to fpeak any thing concerning the
treatment due to f’uch perfons. Addifon.
In ctiftipofing this difcourle, I purpofely declined all offenfive
and difpleafing truths. Atterbury.
The vulgar thus through imitation err,
As oft the learned by being lingular ; _
So much they fcorn the crowd, that if the throng
By chance go right, they purpofely go wrong. Pope.
PUrprise. n.f [pourpris, old Fr. purprifum, law Lat.] A
clofs or indofure ; as alfo the whole compafs ot a manour.
The place of juftice is hallowed ; and therefore not only
the bench, but the foot-pace and precindts, and purprife ought
to be prelerved without corruption. Bacon's EJJ'ays.
Purr, n.f A fea lark. Ainfivortb.
To Purr. v. a. To murmur as a cat or leopard in pleafure.
PURSF. n.f [bourfc, Fr. pivrs, WeHh.] A fmall bag in
which money is contained.
She bears thz purfe too ; fire is a region in Guiana all gold
and bounty. Skakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
Shall the foil of England prove a thief,
And take purfes ? Shakefp. Henry IV.
He fent certain of the chief prifoners, richly apparalled
with their purfes full of money, into the city. Knolles.
I will give him the thoufand pieces, and, to his great lurprife, prelent him with another purje of the lame value. Add.
To Purse, v. a. [from the ncun.J
I.To put into a purfe.
I am fpell-caught by Philidel,
And purs'd within a net. Dryden.
I purs’d it up, but little reck’ning made,
’Till now that this extremity compell’d,
I find it true. Milton.
i.To contract as a purfe.
Thou cried’ff.
And did’ft contrail and purfe thy brow together.
As if thou then had’ft Ihut up in thy brain
Some horrible conceit. Shakefp. Othello.
Pu'rsenet. n.f. [purfe and net.] A net of which the mouth
is drawn together by a firing.
Conies are taken by purfenets in their burrows. Mortimer.
Pu rseproud. adj. [purfe and proud.] Puffed up with money.
Pu'rser. n.f. [from purfe.] The paymafter of a fillip.
I u rsinEoS. (n.f [from purfy.] Shortnefs of breath.
Pu rsiveness. i J L r J
Pu'rslain. n.f [pcrtulaca, Lat.] A plant.
The flow'cr of purfain confifts of many leaves, which ex¬
pand in form of a role, out of whofe flower-cup, which conlifts of one leaf, arifes the pointal, which, together with the
flower-cup, becomes a fruit, for the moft part oval, full of
fmall feeds, and furnifhed with two finells or hulks at top ; of
which the outer one, which was the part of the flower-cup
that was fplit in two, opens firft; and the inner one, which
is the pointal inlarged, opens laft, doubly and tranfverfely,
while the lower part of the flower-cup adheres to the footftalk. Miller.
The medicaments, proper to diminifh the milk, are
lettice, purjlain and endive. Wifeman’s Surgery.
Pursu'aele. adj. [from purfue.] What may be purlued.
Pursu'ance. n.f. [from purfue.] Profecution ; procefs.
PursUant. adj. [frompurfue.] Done in conlequence or pro¬
fecution of any thing.
To PURSU'E. v. a. [pourfuivre, Fr.]
1. To chafe ; to follow in hoftility.
Love like a fhadow flies, when fubftance lovepurfues ;
Purfuing that that flies, and flying what purfues. Shakefp.
When Abram heard that his brother was taken captive,
he armed his trained fervants, and purfuecl. Gen. xiv. 14.
To thy fpeed add wings.
Left with a whip of fcorpions I purfue
Thy lingering. Milton.
2. To profecute ; to continue.
As righteowfnefs teudeth to life j fo he that purfueth evil,
purfucth it to his own death. Prov. xii. 19.
Infatiate to purfue
Vain war with heaven. Milton.
I will purfue
1 his ancient ftory, whether falfe or true, Dryden.
When men purfue their thoughts of fpace, they ftop at the
confines of body, as if fpace were there at an end. Locke.
3. i o imitate; to follow as an example.
I he fame of ancient matrons you purfue,
And ftand a blamelefs pattern to the new. Dryden.
4. To endeavour to attain.
Let us not then purfue
Splendid vafi'alage. Milton.
We happinefs purfue; we fly from pain ;
Yet the purfuit, and yet the flight is vain. Prior.
.V
To Pursu'e. v. n. To go on ; to proceed.
I have, purfues Carneades, wondered chymifts fiiotdd nof
confid er. Boyle.
Pursu'er. n.f [from purfue.] One who follows in hoftility.
Fled with the reft,
And falling from a hill he was fo bruis’d,
That the purfuers took him. Shakefp. Henry IV.
His Iwitt purjiiers from heav’n’s gates dilcern
Th’ advantage, and defeending tread us down
Thus drooping. Milton’s Par. Lojly h, i.
Like a declining ftatefman left forlorn
To his friends pity and purfuers fcorn. Denham.
PursUit. n.f. [pourfuite, Fr.J
1. The ad of following with hoftile intention.
Arm, warriors, arm for fight ! the foe at hand,
Whom fled we thought, will lave us long purfuit. Milton.
2. Endeavour to attain.
This means they long propos’d, but little gain’d.
Yet after much purfuit, at length obtain’d. Dryden.
Its honours and vanities are continually pafllng before him,
and inviting his purfuit. Rogers.
He has annexed a fecret pleafure to the idea of any thing
that is new or uncommon, that he might encourage us in the
purfuit after knowledge, and engage us to fearch into the
wonders of his creation. Addijsn.
The will, free from the determination of fuch defires, is
left to the putfuit of nearer fatisfadions, and to the removal
of thofe uneafineftes it feels in its longings after them. Locke.
3. Profecution.
He concluded with fighs and tears, to conjure them, that
they would no more prel’s hirn to give his confent to a thing
fo contrary to his realon, the execution whereof would break
his heart, and that they would give over further purfuit
of it. Clarendon.
Pu'rsuivant. n.f [pourfuivant, Fr.] A ftate meffenger 5
an attendant on the heralds.
How oft do they with golden pinions cleave
The flitting fkies, like flying purfuivant. Fairy Queen.
Purfuivants he often for them fent. Hubberd.
Thefe grey locks, the purfuivants of death.
Argue the end of Edmund Mortimer. Shakefp.
Send out -a .purfuivant at arms
To Stanley’s regiment bid him bring his power
Before fun-rifing. Shakefp. RichardIII.
For helmets, crefts, mantles, and fupporters, I leave the
reader to Edmond Bolton, Gerard Leigh, John Feme, and
John Guillim Portifmouth, purfuivants of arms, who have
diligently laboured in armory. Camden’s Remains.
T he pirfuivants came next.
And like the heralds each his feutheon bore. Dryden.
PU'RSY. adj. [poujfify Fr.] Shortbreathed and fat.
In thefatnefs of thefe purfy times.
Virtue itfelf of vice mult pardon beg.
Yea courb and woo for leave to do it good. Shakefp.
Now breathlefs wrong
Shall fit and pant in your great chairs of eafe.
And purfy inlolence lhall break his wind
With fear and horrid flight. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
By thefe, the Medes
Perfume their breaths, and cure old purfy men. Temple.
An hoftefs dowager.
Grown fat and purfy by retail
Of pots of beer and bottl’d ale. Hudibras, p. iii.
Pu'rtenance. n. f [appertenancey Fr.] The pluck of aa
animal.
Road the lamb with fire, his head with his legs and with
the purtenance thereof. Ex. xii. 9.
The fhaft againft a rib did glance.
And gall’d him in the purtenance. Hudibras, p. i.
To PL'RVEY. v. a. [pourvoiiy Fr.]
1. To provide with conveniencies. This fenfe is now not in
ufe.
Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey
Yourfelf of lword before that bloody day. Fa. ffueen.
His houfe with all convenience was purvey dy
The reft he found. Dryden.
2. To procure.
What though from outmoft land and fea purvey’d
For him j each rarer tributary life
Bleeds not. Thomfons Summer.
T o Purvey, v. n. To buy in provifions.
I the praife
Yield thee, fo well this day thou haft purvey’d. Miltcn.
Purveyance, n.f. [from purvey.]
1. Provifion.
Whence mounting up, they find purveyance meet
Of all, that royal princes court became. Fa. J^jieen.
2. Procurement of vi&uals.
Some lands be more changeable than others; as for their
lying near to the borders, or becaufe of great and continual
purveyances that are made upon them. Bacon.
Purveyor.
JM
PUS PUS
Purveyor, n.f. [frompurvey.]
1. One that provides victuals.
The purveyors or vi&ualjers ate much to be condemned, ds
not a little faulty in that behalf. Raleigh.
2. A procurer ; a pimp.
Thele women are fuch cunning purveyors !
Mark where their appetites have once been pleafed,
The fame refeinhlance in a younger lover,
Lies brooding in their fancies the fame pleafures. Dryden.
The Stranger, ravifh’d at his good fortune, is introduced
to fome imaginary title ; for this purveyor has her reprefentatives of fome of the fineft ladies. Addifon.
Pu'RVjew. n. / [pourveu, French.] Provifo ; providing
claufe.
Though the petition exprefies only treafon and felony, yet
the add is general againft all appeals in parliament; and many
times the purview ot an add is larger than the preamble or the
petition. Hale's Common Law of England.
Pu rulence. \ n. f. [from purulent.] Generation of pus or
Pu'&ULtNCY. 3 matter.
Confumptions are induced by purulency in any of the
vifeera. Arbuthnot on Diet.
PU RULENT. adj. [purulent, Fr. purulentus, Lat.] Confuting
of pus or the running of wounds.
A carcafe of man is moft infeddious and odious to man,
and purulent matter of wounds to found fleSh. Bacon.
It lpews a filthy froth
Of matter purulent and white.
Which happen’d on the fkin to light.
And there corrupting on a wound.
Spreads leprofy. Swift's Mifcel.
An acrimonious or purulent matter, ftagnating in fome or¬
gan, is more eafily depofited upon the liver than any other
part. Arbuthnot on Ailments,
PUS. n. f. [Latin.] The matter of a well digefted fore.
Acrid fubftances break the veftels, and produce an ichor
inftead of laudable pus. Arbuthnot,
To PUSH. v. a. [poujjer, Fr.]
1. To ftrike with a thruft.
If the ox pujh a man-fervant, he fhall be ftoned. Ex. xxi.
2. To force or drive by impulle of any thing.
The youth pujh away my feet. Job xxx. i 2.
3. To force not by a quick blow, but by continued violence.
Shew your mended faiths.
To pujh deftrudlion and perpetual fhame
Out of the weak door of our fainting land. Shakefp.
Through thee will we pujh down our enemies. Pf. xliv. 5.
Waters forcing way.
Sidelong had pujh'd a mountain from his feat.
Half funk with all his pines. Milton.
The deicription of this terrible feene threw her into an hyflerick fit, which might have proved dangerous, if Cornelius
had not been pujhed out of the room. Arbuthnot and Pope.
4. To prefs forward.
He forewarns his care
With rules to pujh his fortune or to bear. Dryden.
With luch impudence did he pujh this matter, that when
he heard the cries of above a million of people begging for
their bread, he termed it the clamours of faction. AddiJ'on.
Arts and fciences, in one and the fame century, have ar¬
rived at great perfection, and no wonder, Since every age has
a kind of univerfal genius, which inclines thofe that live in
it to fome particular ftudies, the work then being pujhed on
by many hands, muft go forward. Dryden.
5. To urge ; to drive.
Ambition pvjbes the foul to fuch actions, as are apt to pro¬
cure honour to the actor. AddiJ'on s Spectator,
6. To enforce ; to drive to a conclufion.
We are pijhed for an anfwer, and are forced at laft freely
to confefs, that the corruptions of the adminiftration were in¬
tolerable. Swift.
. To importune ; to teaze.
"o Push. v. n.
1.To make a thruft.
But ifiues, ere the fight, his dread command.
That none fhall dare
With fhortned fword to ftab in clofer war.
Noxpufh with biting point, but ftrike at length. Dryden.
A calf will fo manage his head, as though he would pujh
with his horns even before they fhoot. Ray,
Lambs, though they never law the adtions of their fpecies,
pi/J}) with their foreheads, before the budding of a horn.
Addifon•
2. To make an effort.
War feem’d afleep for nine long years; at length
Both lides refolv’d to pujh, we try’d our ftrength. Dryden.
3. To make an attack.
The king of the South fhall pujh at him, and the king of
the North fhall come againft him. Dan. xi. 40.
Push, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Thruft; the ad of Striking with a pointed instrument,
Ne might his corfe be harmed
With dint of fword or pujh of pointed fpear. Spenfcr,
So great was the puiilance of his pujh,
That from his fadle quite he did him bear. Pa. Queen.
They, like refolute men; flood in the face of the breach,
receiving them with deadly Shot and pujh of pike, in fuch fu¬
rious manner, that the Turks began to retire. Knolles.
2. Animpulfe; force imprefled.
Jove was not more
With infant nature, when his fpacious hand
Had rounded this huge ball of earth and feas
To give it the firft pujh, and fee it roll
Along the vaft abyls. Addifon s Guardian«
3. Affault; attack.
He gave his countenance againft his name,
To laugh with gybing boys, and ftand the pujh
Of every beardlels vain comparative. Shakejp. Henry IV.
When fuch a refiftance is made, thefe bold talkers will
draw in their horns, when their fierce and feeble pujhes againft
truth are repelled with pufhing and confidence. Watts.
4. A forcible ftruggle 3 a ftrong effort.
A fudden pujh gives them the overthrew ;
Ride, ride, Melfala. Shakefp.
Away he goes, makes his pujh, ftands the fho'ck ot a
battle, and compounds for leaving of a leg behind him.
UEjlrange.
We have beaten the French from all their advanced polts,
and driven them into their laft entrenchments : one vigorous
pujh, one general affault will force the enemy to cry out for
quarter. Addifon:
5. Exigence; trial.
We’ll put the matter to the prefent pujh. Shakefp.
’Tis common to talk of dying for a friend; but when it
comes to the pujh, ’tis no more than talk. L'Ejlrange.
The queftion we would put, is not whether the facrament
of the mafs be as truly propitiatory, as thofe under the law ?
but whether it be as truly a facrifice ? if fo, then it is a true
proper facrifice, and is not only commemorative or represen¬
tative, as we are told at a pujh. Atterbury.
6. A fudden emergence.
There’s time enough for that;
Left they defire, upon this pujh, to trouble
Your joys with like relation. Shakejp. Winter's Tale.
7. \Pu(lula, {jat.] A pimple ; an efflorefcence; a wheal.
He that was prailed to his hurt, Should have apujh rife upon
his nofe; as a blifter will rife upon one’s tongue, that tells
a Jye- Bacon’s EJJays,
PujsHER. n.f. [from pufo.'\ He who puflies forward.
Pushing, adj. [frompujhi] Enterprising; vigorous.
Pu'shpin. n. f. [pujlj and pin.] A child’s play, in which pins
are puflied alternately.
Men, that have wandering thoughts at the voice of wifdom
out of the mouth of a phdofopher, deferve as well to be
whipt, as boys for playing at pujhpin, when they fliould be
learning., _ _ L'Ejlrange.
Pusillanimity, n.f [pufillanimite, Fr. pufillus and animus,
Lat.] Cowardice ; mcannefs of Spirit.
The property of your excellent fherris is the warming of
the blood, which, before cold and fettled, left the liver w^ite
and pale, the badge of pufillanimity and cowardice. Shakefp.
The Chinefe fail where they will; which Iheweth, that
their law of keeping out ftrangers is a law of pufillanimity and
fear. Bacon's New Atlantis.
It is obvious, to diftinguifli between an a£t of courage and
an act of rafhnefs, an adt of pufillanimity and an adt of great
modefty or humility. South's Sermons.
PUSILLA'NIMOUS. adj. [pufillanime, Fr. pufillus and animus,
Lat.] Meanfpirited ; narrowminded ; cowardly.
Ah argument fit for great princes, that neither by overmeafuring their forces, they lofe themfelves in vain enterprizes ;
nor, by undervaluing them, defeend to fearful and pufillanimous counfels. _ Bacon's EJfays*
He became pufillanimous, and was eafily ruffled with every
little paffion within; fupine, and as openly expofed to any
temptation from without. Woodward's Nat. Hijt.
What greater inftance can there be of a weak pufillanimous
temper, than for a man to pafs his whole life in oppofition to
his own fentiments. Spectator, NQ 576.
Pusilla'nimousness. n.f. [from pufillanimous.] Meannefs
of fpirit.
Puss. n.f. [I know not whence derived ; pufio, Lat. is a dwarf.1
1. The fondling name of a cat.
A young fellow, in love with a cat, made it his humble
fuit to Venus to turn pufs into a woman. L'Ellranve
Let pufs practife what nature teaches. Watts'
I will permit my fon to play at apodidrafeinda, which can
be no other than our pufs in a corner. Arbuth. and Pope.
2. The fportfnaan’s term for a hare. ^
Poor honefty&yj.
It grieves my heartto lee thee thus ;
But hounds eat Sheep as well as hares. Gay*
PU'STULE.
PUT
PUSTULE. n.f [pujlule, Fr. pujlula, Lat] A fmail fwelling j
•a pimple ; a pulh •, an efflorefcence.
The blood turning acrimonious, corrodes the veffels, pro¬
ducing hemorrhages, pujiules red, black and gangrenous. Arb.
Pu'st0 lo u s. ad}. [from pujluie.] Full ot puftul^ pimp y.
To Put. v. a. Tof this word, lb common in the Enghfti lan¬
guage, it is very difficult to find the etymology j putter, to
plant, is Danifh. Junius.]
1. To lay or repofite in any place. ..
God planted a garden, and there he put a man. Gen. u. 8.
Speak unto him, and put words in his mouth. Ex. iv. 15.
If a man put in his beaft, and feed in another man s held ;
'• of the beft of his own fhall he make restitution. Ex. xxu. 5.
In thefe he put two weights. M*lt0?'
Feed land with beafts and horfes, and after both put m
^ee Mortimer s Hujbandry.
2. To place in any fituation. .
When he had put them all out, he entcrcth in. Mu). v. 40*
Four i'peedy cHerubims
Put to their mouths the founding alchimy. Milton.
Put all your other fiubjedts together ; they have not taken
half the pains for your majefty’s fervice that I have. L’Ljlr.
To place 111 any Hate 01 condition.
Before we will lay by our juft born arms,
We’ll put thee down, ’gainft whom thefe arms we bear,
• Or add a royal number to the dead. Shakefp.
Put me in a furety with thee. Job xvii. 3.
The ftones he put for his pillows. Gen. xxviii. 11.
He hath put my brethren far from me. Job xix. 13.
As we were put in truft with the gofpel, even io we fpeak,
not as pleafing men, but God. 1 Thef.n. 4.
They ffiall ride upon horfes, every one put in array.like a
man to the battle againft thee. Jer'
\‘ 42*
He put them into ward three days. Gen. xhi. 17.
She fhall be his wife, he may^ not put her away. Deut. xxn.
Daniel Paid, put thefe two alide. Suf. v. 51.
Having loft two of their braveft commanders at lea, they
durft not put it to a battle atfiea, and fet up their reft wholly
upon the land enterprise. ifocfln.
This queftion afk’d puts me in doubt. Milton.
So nature prompts; fo foon we go aftray.
When old experience puts us in the way. Dryden.
Men may put government into what hands they pleale.
He that has any doubt of his tenets, received without ex¬
amination, ouyht to put himfelf wholly into this ftate of ig¬
norance, and throwing wholly by all his former notions, ex¬
amine them with a perfect indifference. Loch.
Declaring by word or a6tion a fedate, fettled defign upon
another man’s life, puts him in a ftate of war with him. Locke.
As for the time of putting the rams to the ewes, you muft
confider at what time your grafs will maintain them. Mort.
If without any provocation gentlemen will fall upon one,
in an affair wherein his intereft and reputation are embarked,
they cannot complain of being put into the number of his
enemies. PoPe•
4. Torepofe. r , . v.
Hew wilt thou put thy truft on Egypt for chariots. 2 Kings.
God was entreated of them, becaufe they put their truft in
• him. 1 Cbr. v. 20.
c. To truft i to give up.
Thou {halt put all in the hands of Aaron, and wave them
• for a wave-offering. px’ xxix* 24~
6. To expofe ; to apply to any thing. ,
A finew cracked feldom recovers its former ftrength, or the
memory cf it leaves a lafting caution in the man, not to put
the part quickly again to robuft employment. Locke.
7. To pufh into aftion.
Thank him who puts me loth to this revenge. Milton.
When men and women are mixed and well chofen, and
put their beft qualities forward, there may be any intercourfe
of civility and good will. Swift.
8. To apply.
Your goodlieft young men 2nd aflcs he will put them to his
work. 1 Sam. viii. 16.
No man, having put his hand to the plough and looking
back, is fit for the kingdom of God. Luke ix. 62.
Rejoice before the Lord in all that thou puttejl thine hands
unto. . Deut.xu. 18.
Chymical operations are excellent tools in the hands ot a
natural philofopher, and are by him applicable to many nobler
ufes, than they are wont to be put to in laboratories. . Boyle.
The avarice of their relations put them to painting, as
more gainful than any other art. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
I he great difference in the notions of mankind, is lrorn
the different ufe they put their faculties to. Locke.
I expeft an offspring, docile and trad'cable in whatever we
put them to. Tatler, N° 75.
To ufe any a&ion by which the place or ftate of any thing
is changed.
I do hut keep the peace, put up thy {‘word. Shakefp,
PUT
Put up your fword ; if this young gentleman
Have done offence, I take the fault on me. Shakefp.
Me put his hand unto his neighbour’s goods. Ex. xxii.
Whatfoever cannot be-digefted by the ftomach, is by the
ftomach either put up by vomit, or put down to the guts.
Bacon.
It puts a man from all employment, and makes a man s
difeourfes tedious. ‘Laylord Rule oj Living LLly,
A nimble fencer xnWput in a thruft fo quick, that the foil
will be in your bofom, when you thought it a yard off. Digby.
A man, not having the power of his own life, cannot put
himfelf under the abfolute arbitrary power of another to take
•j Locke.
* Inftead of making apologies, I will fend it with my hearty
prayers, that thofe few diredions I have here put together,
may be truly ulefui to you. ,
He will know the truth of thefe maxims, upon the hrft
occafion that {hall make him put together thofe ideas, and obferve whether they agree or difagiee. L.cc/te.
When you cannot get dinner ready, p t the cloc.c bac.c.
Swift's Directions to the Cook.
10. Tocaufe; to produce. . , .
There is great variety in men’s undemanding; and their
natural conftitudons put fo wide a difference between feme
men, that induffry would never be able to mafter. Locke.
11. To comprife ; to confign to writing. _ .
Cyrus made proclamation, and put it alfo in writing. 2 Chr.
12. To add.
Whatfoever God doeth, nothing can be put to it, nor any
thing taken from it. Eul. iii. 14.
13. To place in a reckoning. _
If we will rightly eftimate things, we {hall find, tnat moft
of them are wholly to bt put on the account pf labour. Locke.
That fuch a temporary life, as we now have, is beL.ei than
no beina, is evident by the high value we put upon it ourfelves. ° Udt14.. To reduce to any ftate. .
Marcellus and Flavius, for pulling fcarfs off Caefar s images,
are put to filence. Shakefp. julius Cafar.
This dilhonours you no more,
Than to take in a town with gentle words.
Which elfe would put you to your fortune. Shakefp.
And five of you (hall chafe an hundred, and an hundred of
you {hall put ten thouiand to flight. Lev. xxvi. 8.
With well-doing, ye may put to filence foolifti men. 1 Pet.
The Turks were in every place put to the worft, and lay
w by heaps (lain. Knolles s Hijl. of the Tin ks.
This fcrupulous way would make us deny our fenfes; for
there is fcarcely any thing but puts our reafon to a ftand. Coll.
Some modern authors, -oblerving what ftraits they have
been put to to find out water enough tor Noah’s flood, fay,
Noah’s flood was not univerfal, but a national inundation.
Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
We fee the miferable {Lifts fome men are put to, when
that, which was founded upon, and fupported by idolatry, is
become the fanfluary of atheifin. Bentley.
15.To oblige; to urge. . , ,,
Thofe that put their bodies to endure in health, may, mmoft fickneffes, be cured only with diet and tendering.
Bacon.
The difeourfe I mentioned was written to a private friend,
who put me upon that talk.
He put to proof his high fupremacy. _ Milton.
When the wifeft counfel of men have with the greateft
prudence made laws, yet frequent emergencies happen which
they did not forefee, and therefore they are put upon repeals
and fupplements of fuch their laws ; but Almighty God, by
one Ample forefight, forefaw all c\ents, and could therefore
fit laws proportionate to the things he made. Hace.
We are put to prove things, which can hardly be made
plainer. Tillotfon.
Where the lofs can be but temporal, every fmail probabi¬
lity of it need not put us fo anxioufly to prevent it. South.
They {hould feldom be put about doing thofe things, but
when they have a mind. Locke.
16. Topropofe; to ftate.
A man of Tyre, fkilful to work in gold and filver, to find
out every device which fhall be put to him. 2 Chr. ii. 24-
Put it thus—unfold to Staius ftraight.
What to Tove’s ear thou didft impart of late :
He’ll ftare. Dryde’t'
The queftion originally put and dilputed in publick ichools
was, whether, under any pretence whatfoever, it may
lawful to refift the fupreme magiftrate. . \a nnt
I only put the queftion, whether, in reafon, it v/ou
have been proper the kingdom fhould have receive ^Y
"Tpm the cafe at the worft, by fuppofing what feldojn happen/, thtt a courfe cf virtue makes us
17. To form ; to regulate. To Jeach
3
PUT PUT
18. To reach to another.
Wo unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that putleft
thy bottle to him, and makeft him drunken. Hab. ii. 15.
19. To bring into any ftate of mind or temper.
Solyman, to put the Rhodians out of all fufpicion of invafion, fent thofe foldiers he had levied in the countries neareft
unto Rhodes far away, and fo upon the hidden to fet upon
them. Ii nolles's Hijiory ofthe Turks.
His highnefs put him in mind of the promife he had made
the day before, which was fo facred, that he hoped he would
not violate it. . . Clarendon.
I o put your ladyfliip in mind of the advantages you have
in all thefe points, would look like a defign to flatter you.
Temple.
I broke all hofpitable laws,
To bear you from your palace-yard by might,
And put your noble perfon in a fright. Dryden.
The leaft harm that befalls children, puts them into com¬
plaints and bawling. Locke on Education.
2,0. To offer; to advance.
I am as much afhamed to put a loofe indigerted play upon
the publick, as I fhould be to offer brafs money in a payment. Dryden.
Wherever he puts a flight upon good works, ’tis as they
Hand diftincl from faith. Atterhury.
21. To unite ; to place as an ingredient.
He has right to put into his complex idea, fignified by the
word gold, thofe qualities, which upon trial he has found
united- 7 Locke.
22. To Put by. To turn off; to divert.
Watch and refill the devil; his chief defigns are to hinder
thy defire in good, to put thee by from thy Spiritual employ¬
ment. _ Taylor.
A fright hath put by an ague fit, and mitigated a fit of the
go'it. Crew's Co[mol.
23. To Put by. To thrufl afide.
Bafilius, in his old years, marrying a young and fair ladv;
had of her thofe two daughters fo famous in beauty, which
put by their young coufin from that expectation. Sidney.
Was the crown offer'd him thrice ?
—Ay, marry, Was’ft, and he put it by thrice.
Every time gentler than other. Shakefp. Julius Ceefar.
Jonathan had died for being fo.
Had notjuft God put by th’ unnatural blow. Cavley.
"When I drove a thrufl, home as I could.
To reach his traitor heart, he put it by.
And cried, fpare the tripling. Dryden.
1\. To Put down. To baffle ; to reprefs ; to crufh.
^ How the ladies and I have pul him down ! Shakefp.
25. ToYvt down. To degrade.
The greedy thirfl of royal crown
Stirr’d Porrex up to put his brother down. Fa. Queen.
The king of Egypt put Jehoahaz dozvn atJerufalem. 2 Ch.
26. To Put down. To bring into difufe.
Sugar hath put down the ufe of honey; inafmuch as we
have loft thofe preparations of honey, which the ancients
ha<L Bacon.
With copper collars and with brawny backs.
Quite to put doivn the fafhion of our blacks. Dryden.
27. 7o Put down. To confute.
We two faw you four fet on four; mark now how a plain
tale fhall put you down. Shakefp. Henry IV.
28. To Putforth. To propofe.
Samfon faid, I will now putforth a riddle unto you. Judg.
29. To Putforth. To extend.
He putforth his hand, and pulled her in. Gen. viii. 9.
30. To Pvtforth. To emit, as afproutingplant.
An excellent obfervation of Ariflotle, why fome plants are
of greater age than living creatures, for that they yearly put
forth new leaves; whereas living creatures putforth, after their
period of growth, nothing but hair and nails, which are ex¬
crements. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
He faid, let th’ earth
Putforth the verdant grafs, herb yielding feed,
And fruit-tree yielding fruit. ° Milton.
31. To Putforth. To exert.
I put notforth my goodnefs. Milton.
In honouring God, putforth all thy flrength. Taylor.
We fhould putforth all our flrength, and, without having
an eye to his preparations, make the greatefl pufh we are
able. Addifon.
32. To Put in. To interpofe.
Give me leave to put in a word to tell you, that I am glad
you allow us different degrees of worth. Collier.
33. To Put inpractice. To ufe; to exercife.
Neither gods nor man will giveconfent,
To put in practice your unjufl intent. Dryden.
34. To Put off. To divefl; to lay afide.
None of us put off our cloatbs, faving that every one put
them off for wafhing. Nehetn. iv. 23.
Put off thy fhoes from off thv feet. Ex. ii. 5.
Ambition, like a torrent, ne’er looks back;
And is a fwelling, and the laft affedtion
A high mind can put off. Benj. Johnfan's Calaline.
It is the new fkin or fhell that putteth off the old ; fo we
fee, that it is the young horn that putteth off the old ; and in
birds, the young feathers put off the old ; and fo birds cafl
their beaks, the new beak putting off the old. Bacon.
Ye fhall die perhaps, byputting off
Human, to put on gods; death to be wifh’d. Milton.
I for his fake will leave
Thy bofom, and this glory next to thee
Freely put off, and for him laflly die. Milton.
Let not the work of to-day be put off till to-morrow; for
the future is uncertain. L'EJlrange*
When a man fhall be juft about to quit the flage of this
world, to put off his mortality, and to deliver up his laft ac¬
counts to God, his memory fhall ferve him for little elfe, but
to terrify him with a frightful review of his pafl life. South.
Now the cheerful light her fears difpell’d,
She with no winding turns the truth conceal’d,
But put the woman off, and flood reveal’d. Dryden.
My friend, fancying her to be an old woman of quality,
put off his hat to her, when the perfon pulling off his mafk,
appeared a fmock-faced young fellow. Addifon.
Homer fays he puts off that air of grandeur which fo pro¬
perly belongs to his charadler, and debafes himfelf into a
dr°lb __ Broom's Notes on the Odyffey.
35. To Put off. To defeat or delay with fome artifice or excufe.
The gains of ordinary trades are honefl ; but thofe of bar¬
gains are more doubtful, when men fhould wait upon others
neceffity, broke by fervants to draw them on, put off others
cunningly that would be better chapmen. Bacon.
I hoped for a demonflration, but Themiflius hopes to put
me off' with an harangue. Boyle.
Some hard words the goat gave, but the fox puts off all
With a jefl. L'Eflrangc.
I do not intend to be thus put off with an old fong. More.
Do men in good earned think that God will be ‘put off fo ?
Or that the law of God will be baffled with a lie cloathed in
a South.
This is a very unreafonable demand, and we might put him
off with this anfwer, that there are feveral things which all
men in their wits difbelieve, and yet none but madmen will
go about to difprove. Bentley.
36. <Tof>VT off. "1 o delay; to defer ; to procraflinate.
So many accidents may deprive us of our lives, that we
can never fay, that he who negledls to fecure his falvation to¬
day, may without danger put it offto to-morrow. JVake.
37. To Put off. To pafs fallacioufly.
He feems generally to prevail, perfuading them to a con¬
fidence in fome partial works of obedience, or elfe to put off
the care of their falvation to fome future opportunities. Rop
38. To Put off. To difeard.
Upon thefe taxations,
The clothiers all put off’
The fpinfters, carders, fullers, weavers. Shakefp.
39. To Pu r off. To recommend ; to vend or obtrude.
The effedts which pafs between the fpirits and the tangible
parts, are not at all handled, but put off by the names oAdrtues, natures, adlions, and paffions. Bacon.
It is very hard, that Mr. Steele fhould take up the artificial*
reports of his own fadlion, and then put them off upon the
world as additional fears of a popifh fucceffor. Swift.
40. To Put on or upon. To impute; to charge.
41. To Putot or upon. To invert with, as cloaths or coverin'*.
Strangely vifited people he cures,
Hanging a golden ftamp about their necks.
Put on with holy pray’rs. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Give even way unto my rough affairs;
Par not you on thevifage of the times.
And be like them to Percy troublefome. Shakefp.
So fhall inferior eyes,
That borrow their behaviour from the great.
Grow great by your example, and put on
The dauntlefs fpirit of refolution. Shakefp. King John.
Rebekah took goodly raiment, and put them upon Jacob.
Gen. xxvii. 15.
If God be with me, and give me bread to eat, and raiment
to put on, then fhall the Lord be my God. Gen. xxviii. 20.
She has
Very good fuits, and very rich ; but then
She cannot put ’em on ; fhe knows not how
hold two heads, and therefore it mull be fitted to one and
fo put it on again. fo&'r Hilt, of the Turh.
Avarice puts on the canonical habit nf /p• /
0 Id, and ioclputionTTthe fhape ,eamof a man. L'EJlrange.
20 X The
PUT PUT
The little ones are taught to be proud of their cloaths, efore they can put them on. . .
42. To Put on. To forward; to promote ; to incite.
I grow fearful,
By what yourfelf too late have fpoke and done,
That you protea this courfe, and put iton
By your allowance. Shaktf?- *'"•? Lcau
Say, you ne-exMI don't.
But by our putting on. u Jr
Others envy to the ftate draws, and puts on
For contumelies receiv’d. Benj. Johnfon s Catiline.
This came handfomely to put on the peace, becaufe it was
a fair example of a peace bought. < Bacon s Henry VII.
As danger did approach, her fpints role.
And putting on the king difmay’d her foes. Halifax.
A.T. To Put on or upon. To impofe ; to inflift.
**** I have offended; that which thou puttejl on me, I will
bear 2 Kings xviii. 14.
He not only undermineth the bafeof religion, but puts upon
us the remote!.! error from truth. Brown.
The ftork found he was put upon, but fet a good face how¬
ever upon his entertainment. L'Fflrange.
Fallacies we are apt to put upon ourfelves, by taking words
, . . „ Locke. for things. . ....
Why are feripture maxims put upon us, without taking no¬
tice of feripture examples which lie crofs them. Atterbury.
44. To Put on. To affume ; to take.
The duke hath put on a religious life,
And thrown into neglea the pompous court. Shakejp.
Wife men love you, in their own defpight.
And, finding in their native wit no cafe.
Are forc’d to put your folly on to pleafe. Dryden.
There is no quality fo contrary to any nature which one
cannot affect, and put on upon occafion, in order to ferve an
intereft. Sw,fU
45. To Pvt over. To refer.
For the certain knowledge of that truth,
I put you o'er to heav’n, and to my mother. Shakefp.,
46. To Put out. To place at ufury.
Lord, who fhall abide in thy tabernacle ? he that putteth
not out his money to ufury.. Bf. xv. 5.
To live retir’d upon his own.
He call’d his money in ;
But the prevailing love of pelf.
Soon fplit him on the former fhelf.
He put it out again Dryden s Horace.
Money at ule, when returned into the hands of the owner,
ufually lies dead there till he gets a new tenant for it, and can
put it out again. °L e’
An old ufurer, charmed with the pleafures of a country
life, in order to make a purchafe, called in all his money;
but^ in a very few days after, he put it out again. Addijon.
One hundred pounds only, put out at intereft at ten pel
cent, doth in feventy years encreafe to above one hundred
thoufand pounds. Child.
47. To Put out. To extinguifh.
The Philiftines put cut his eyes. Judg. xvn. 21.
Wherefover the wax floated, the flame forfook it, till at
laft it fpread all over, and put the flame quite out. Bacon.
I muft die
Betray’d, captiv’d, and both my eyes put out. Milton.
In places that abound with mines,when the fky feeme^ clear,
there would fuddenly arife a certain fleam, which they call a
damp, fogrofs and thick, that it would oftentimes out
tHpir randies ^
This barbarous inftance of a wild unreasonable paffion,
quite put out thofe little remains of affe&ion fhe ftill had tor
ber lord. Addijon s Spectator, Nu 171.
48. ToPvt out. To emit, as a plant.
Trees planted too deep in the ground, for love of approach
to the fun, forfake their firft root, and put out an°ther
towards the top of the earth. Bacon s A at. HiJ .
40. To Put out. To extend ; to protrude.
When fire travailed, the one put out his hand. Gen.
co. ToPvt out. To expel; to drive from.
When they have overthrown him, and the wars are finilhed,
fhall they themfelves be put out ? Spenfer.
I am refolvcd, that when I am put out of the ftewardihip,
they may receive me into their houles. Luke xvi. 4.
The nobility of Caftile put out the king of Arragon, in fa¬
vour of king Philip. Bacon s Henry VII.
51. ToPvt out. To make publick.
You tell us, that you fhall be forced to leave oft your modefty ; you mean that little which is left; for it was worn to
rags when you put out this medal. Dryden.
When I was at Venice, they were putting out curious
ftamps of the feveral edifices, raoft famous lor their beauty
or magnificence. Addijon.
52. To Put out. To difconccrt.
There is no affectation in paffion ; for that putteth a man
out of his precepts, and in a new cafe there cuftom leaveth
him.
53. To Put to. To kill by ; to punilh by.
From Ireland am I come,
To fignify that rebels there are up.
And put the Englilhmen unto the fword. _
There were no barks to throw the rebels into, and fend
them away by fea, they were put all to the fword. Bacon.
Such as were taken on either fide, were put to the fword or
to the halter. Clarendon.
Soon as they had him at their mercy,
They put him to the cudgel fiercely. Hudibras.
<4. To Put to it. To diftrefs ; to perplex ; to prefs hard.
What wculd’ft thou write of me, if thou fhouldft
praife me.
— O gentle lady, do not put me to't.
For 1 am nothing if not critical. SbakeJp. Otaello.
Lord Angelo dukes it well in his abfence ;
He puts tranfgreffion to't. Shakefp. Meaf.for Meaf.
They have a leader,
Tullus Aufidius, that will put you to't. _ Shakefp.
It is to be put to queftion in general, whether it be lawful
for chriftian princes to make an invafive war, fimply for tne
propagation of the faith ? Bacon.
I was not more concern’d in that debate
Of empire, when our univerlal ftate
Was put to hazard, and the giant race
Our captive Ikies were ready to embrace. Dryden.
He took the opportunity of purfuing an argument, which
had been before ftarted, and put it to her in a fyllogifm. Add.
They were actually making parties to go up to the moon
together, and were more put to it how to meet with accom¬
modations by the way, than how to go thither. Addijon.
The figures and letters were fo mingled, that the coiner
was hard put to it on what part of the money to bellow the
infeription. Addijon on Ancient Medals.
I fhall be hard put to it, to bring mylelf off. Addijon.
55. To Put tc. To affift with. .
Zelmane would have put to her helping hand, but fhe was
taken a quivering. Sidney.
The carpenters being fet to work, and every one putting to
his helping hand, the bridge was repaired. Knolles.
56. To Pot to death. To kill.
It was fpread abroad, that the king had a purpole to put to
death Edward-Plantagenet in the Tower. Bacon.
One Bell was put to death at Tyburn, for moving a new re¬
bellion. Hayward.
Teuta put to death one of the Roman ambafladors ; fhe was
obliged, by a fuccefsful war, which the Romans made, to
content to give up all the fea coaft. Arbuthnot.
57. To Put together. To accumulate into one fum or mals.
This laft age has made a greater progrefs, than all ages be¬
fore put together. Burnet s Theory of the Eai th.
58. To Put up. To pafs unrevenged.
I will indeed no longer endure it ; nor am I yet perfuaded
to put up in peace what already I have foolifhly fuffered. Shak.
ft is prudence, in many cafes, to put up the injuries of a
weaker enemy, for fear of incurring the difpleafure of a
ftronger. L Efrange.
How many indignities does he pafs by, and how many affaults does he £ut UP our hands, becaufe his love is in¬
vincible. South.
The Canaanitifh woman mu& put up a refufal, and the re¬
proachful name of dog, commonly uted by the Jews of the
heathen. . . Boyle'
Nor put up blow, but that which laid
Right worfhiptul on fhoulder-blade. Hudibras.
Such national injuries are not to ho put up, but when the
offender is below refentment. Addijon.
59. To Put up. To emit; to caufe to germinate, as plants.
Hartfhorn fhaven, or in fmall pieces, mixed with dung,
and watered, putteth up mufhrooms. Bacon.
60. To Put up. To expofe publickly : as, thefe goods are put
up toJale.
61. To Put up. Toftart.
In town, whilft I am following one chara&er, I am crofted
in my way by another, and put up luch a variety of oud crea¬
tures in both fexes, that they foil the feent of one another,
and puzzle the chace. Addijon s Spectator.
62. To ?vt up. To hoard.
Himfclf never put up any of the rent, but difpofed of it by
the affiftance of a reverend divine to augment the vicars
portion. SPelmaTU
63. To Put up. To hide. .
Why fo earncftly leek you to put up that letter. hakejp.
64. To Put upon. To incite; to inftigate. f
The great preparation put the king upon the refolution ot
having fuch a body in his way. Clarendon, . vm.
Thofe who have lived wickedly before, muft meet with
a great deal more trouble, becaufe they are put upon changing
the whole courle of their life. /
This caution will put them upon confidenng, and tcacn
them the neccffity of examining more than they do. Locke.
5
PUT
It need not be any wonder, why I fhould employ myfelf
upon that ftudy, or put others upon it. Walter.
He replied, with fome vehemence, that he would under¬
take to prove’ trade would be the ruin of the Englilh nation ;
I would fain have put him upon it. Addijon.
This put me upon obfervmg the thickneis of the glais, and
confidering whether the dimenlions and proportions of the
rmgs may be truly derived from it by computation. Newton.
It banilhes from our thoughts a lively fenfe of religion,
and puts us upon fo eager a purfuit of the advantages of life,
as to leave us no inclination to reflect on the great author of
them. Atterbury.
Thefe wretches put us upon all mifehief; to feed their lufts
and extravagancies. . Swift.
£fo Put upon. To impofe ; to lay upon.
When in fwinifti fleep,
What cannot you and I perform upon
Th’ unguarded Duncan ? what not put upon
His fpungy officers, who fhall bear the guilt
Of our great quell ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
66. To Put upon trial. To expofe or fummon to a l’olemn and
judicial examination.
Chrift will bring all to life, and then they fhall be put every
one upon his own trial, and receive judgment. Locke.
Jack had done more wifely, to have put himfelf upon the
trial of his country, and made his defence in form. Arbuth.
To Put. v. n.
1. To go or move.
The wind cannot be perceived, until there be an eruption
of a great quantity from under the water; whereas in the
firft putting up, it cooleth in little portions. Bacon.
2. To fhoot or germinate.
In fibrous roots, the fap delighteth more in the earth, and
therefore putteth downward. Bacons Bat. Hifl.
3. To fleer a veflel.
An ordinary fleet could not hope to fucceed againfl a place
that has always a confiderable number of men of war ready
to put to lea. Addijon.
His fury thus appeas’d, he puts to land j
The ghofls forfake their feats. Dryden.
4. To Pvt forth. To leave a port.
Order for fea is given ;
They have putforth the haven. Shakefp. Ant. andCieop.
5. To Putforth. To germinate; to bud ; to fhoot out.
No man is free.
But that his negligence, his folly, fear,
Amongfl the infinite doings of the world,
Sometimes putsforth. Shakefp. Winter sTule.
The fig-tree puttethforth her green figs. Cant. ii. 13.
Take' earth from under walls where nettles putforth in
abundance, without any firing of the nettles, and pet that
earth, and fet in it flock gillifiowers. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
Hirfute roots, befides the puttingforth upwards and down¬
wards, putteth forth in round. Bacons Nat. Hifl.
6. To Put in. To enter a haven.
As Homer went, the fhip put in at Samos, where he con¬
tinued the whole winter, fing'ing at the houfes of great men,
with a train of boys after him. Pope.
7. To Put infor. To claim ; to Hand candidate for. A me-
* taphor, I fuppofe, from putting each man his lot into a box.
This is fo grown a vice, that I know not whether it do not
put infor the name of virtue. Locke.
8. S Put in. To offer a claim.
They fhall fland for feed ; they had gone down too, but
that a wife burgher put in for them. . Shakefp.
Although aflrologers may here put in, and plead the fecret
influence of this flar, yet Galen, in his comment, makes no
fuch conlideration. brown s Vulgar Eri out s.
If a man fhould put in to be one of the knights of IVialta,
he might modeflly enough prove his iix defeents againfl a lefs
qualified competitor. Collier.
a. To Pvt off. To leave land.
As the hackney boat was putting off, a boy defiring to be
taken in, was refufed. Addifon.
10. To Put over. To fail crofs.
Sir Francis Drake came coafting along from Cartagena, a
city of the main land to which he put over, and took it. Abbot.
11. To Put tofea. To fet fail ; to begin the courfe.
It is manifefl, that the duke did his belt to come down,
and to put toJea. Bacon‘
He warn’d him for his fafety to provide j
Not put tofea, but fafe.onfhore abide. Dryden
Thev tut to fea with a fleet of three hundred fail, of which
they loft the half. „ A ^buthnot.
With frefh provifion hence our fleet to flore,
Confult our fafety, and put ofT to fea. ope.
T? To Put up. To offer one’s felf a candidate.
I2' uV„ the deceafe of alien, the beafts me. to
I advance to j to bring one’s felf forward.
With this he put up to my lord.
The courtiers kept their diflance due.
He twich’d his fleeve. •' '
PUT
14. To Put up with. To fuffbr without refentment.
Put. n.f [from the verb.]
1. An addon of diflrefs.
The flag’s was a forc’d put, and a chance rather than a
choice. ^ Eflrange.
2. A ruftick ; a clown.
Queer country puts extol queen Bcfs s reign,
And of loll hofpitality complain. Branfan.
3. Put off. Excufe ; fhift.
The fox’s put off is indrudlive towards the government of
our lives, provided his fooling be made our earned. L Ejh.
Putage. n.f. [putain, I'r.J In law, proflitution on the wo¬
man’s part. .
Pu'tanism. n.f. [putanifme, Fr.J The manner of living, or
trade of a proflitute. ^
Pu'tative. adj. [putatif Fr. from puto, Lat.J Suppoled ;
reputed.
If a wife commits adultery, fhe fhall lofe her dower, though
fhe be only a putative, and not a true and real wife. Aylife.
PU'TID. adj. [putidus, Lat.J Mean ; low; worthlefs.
He that follows nature is never out of his way; whereas
all imitation is putid and fervile. L Ejirange.
Pu'tidness. n.f. [from pritid.] Meannefs ; vilenefs.
Pu'tlog. n.f.
Putlogs are pieces of timber or fhort poles, about feven foot
long, to bear the boards they fland on to work, and to lay
bricks and mortar upon. Moxon's Mech. Exercifes.
Pu'tredinous. adj. [fromputredo, Lat.J Stinking ; rotten.
A putredinous ferment coagulates all humours, as milk with
rennet is turned. Flayer.
Putrefaction, n.J. [putrefaction, Fr. putris and facio, Lat.J
The date of growing rotten ; the adl of making rotten.
Putrefaction is a kind of fermentation, or intedine motion
of bodies, which tends to the deferuclion of that form of their
exiflencc, which is Paid to be their natural date. Jfuincy.
If the fpirit protrude a little, and that motion be inordinate,
there followeth putrefaction, which ever diflolveth the con¬
fidence of the body into much inequality. Bacon.
Vegetable putrefaction is produced by throwing green vege¬
tables in a heap in open warm air, and preffirig them together,
by which they acquire a putrid dercoraceous tade and
odour. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
From fwampy fens, J
Where putrefaction into life ferments,
And breathes dedrudlive myriads. Thovfon's Summer.
Putrefa'ctive. adj. [fromputrefacio, Lat.J Making rotten.
They make putrefactive generations, conformable unto feminal productions. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
If the bone be corrupted, the putrefactive fmell will dis¬
cover it. IVijemail s Surgery.
To Pu'trefy, v. a. [puirifer, Fr. putrefacio, Lat.J To make
rotten ; to corrupt with rottennefs.
To keep them here,
They would but dink, and putrefy the air. Shakefp.
Many ill projects are undertaken, and private fuits putrefy
the publick good. Bacon.
The ulcer itfelf being putrefied, I fcarified it and the parts
about, fo far as I thought neceflary, permitting them to bleed
freely, and thrud out the rotten flefh. JVifeman.
A wound was fo putrefied, as to endanger the bone. V emple.
Such a conditution of the air, as would naturally putrefy
raw fledi, mud endanger by a mortification. Arbuthnot.
To Pu'trefy. v. n. To rot.
From the foie of the foot, even unto the head, there is no
foundnefs in it, but wounds, and bruifes, and putrefying
fores. !f- i* 6*
All imperfedl mixture is apt to putrefy, and watry fubdances
are more apt to putrefy than oily. Bacon s Nat. Hifl.
Thefe hymns, though not revive, embalm and fpice
The world, which elfe would putrefy with vice. Donne.
The pain proceeded from fome acrimony in the ferum,
which, falling into this declining part, putrefied. JVifeman.
Putre'scence. n.f. [from putrefco, Latin.] The date of
rotting.
Now if any ground this effedl from gall or choler, becaufe
* being the fiery humour, it will readied furmount the water,
we may confefs in the common putrefcence, it may promote
elevation. Brown's Vu!gar Errours.
Putrf/scent. adj. [putrefeens, Lat.J Growing rotten.
Aliment is not only neceflary for repairing the fluids and
folids of an animal, but likewife to keep the fluids from the
putrefeent alkaline date, -which they would acquire by condant
motion. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
PU'TRID. adj. [putride, Fr. putridus, Lat.J Rotten; corrupt.
The wine to putrid blood converted flows. Waller.
If a nurle feed only on fledi, and drink water, her milk,
indead of turning four, will turn putrid, and fmell like
urine. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Putrid fever is that kind of fever, in which the humours,
or part of them, have fo little circulatory motion, that they
fall into an intedine one, and putrefy, which is commonly
tjie cafe after great evacuations, great or exceffive heat. C^uin.
Pu'tridness.
P Y G PYX
Pu'tridness. n. f. [from putrid.'] Rottennefs.
Nidorous ru&us depend on the foetid fpirituofity of the fer¬
ment, and the putridnefs of the meat. Flayer on the Humours.
Pu tter, n.f [from put.]
1. One who puts.
The moft wretched fort of people are dreamers upon events
and putters of cafes. L'Efrange.
2. Putter on. Inciter ; inftigator.
My good lord cardinal, they vent reproaches
Moft bitterly on you, as putter on
Of thefe exactions. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
You are abus’d, and by fome putter on,
That will be damn’d for’t. Shakefp. JHinters Tale.
Pu'ttingstone. n.f.
In fome parts of Scotland, ftoncs for the fame purpofe are
laid at the gates of great houfes, which they call puttlngflones,
for trials of ftrength. Pope.
Pu'ttock. n. f. [derived, by Minfoew, from buteo, Lat.j A
buzzard.
Who finds the partridge in the puttock's neft,
But may imagine how the bird was dead. Shakefp.
The next are thofe, which are called birds of prey, as the
eagle, hawk, puttock, and cormorant. Peacham.
Pu'tty. n.f.
1. A kind of powder on which glafs is ground.
An objeft glafs of a fourteen foot telefcope, made by an
artificer at London, I once mended confiderably, by grinding
it on pitch with putty, and leaning on it very eafily in the
grinding, left the putty fhould fcratch it. Nezvton.
2. A kind of cement ufed by glaziers.
To PU'ZZLE. v. a. [for pojlle, from pofe. <Skinner.]
I. To perplex ; to confound ; to embarrafs ; to entangle ; to
gravel ; to put to a ftand ; to teaze.
Your prefence needs muft puzzle Antony. Shakefp.
I fay there is no darknefs but ignorance, in which thou art
more puzzled than the Egyptians in their fog. Shakefp.
Both armies of the enemy would have been puzzled what
to have done. Clarendon, b. viii.
A very flrrewd difputant in thofe points is dexterous in puz¬
zling others, if they be not thorough-paced fpeculators in
thofe great theories. More’s Divine Dialogues.
He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidft his own
blunders, and miftakes the fenfe of thofe he would confute.
Addifon.
Perfons, who labour under real evils, will notpuzzle themfelves with conjectural ones. Clariffa.
2. To make intricate; to entangle.
The ways of heaven are dark and intricate,
Puzzled in mazes, and perplex’d with error. Addifon.
Thefe, as my guide informed me, were men of fubtletempers, and puzzled politicks, who would fupply the place of
real wifdom with cunning and avarice. Tatler, N? 8i.
I did not indeed at firft imagine there was in it fuch a jargon
of ideas, fuch an inconfiftency of notions, fuch a confufion
of particles, that rather puzzle than connect the fenfe, which
in fome places he feems to have aimed at, as I found upon my
nearer perufal of it. Addifon.
To Puzzle, v. n. To be bewildered in one’s own notions ;
to be aukward.
The fervant is a puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. L'EJlr.
Pu'zzle. n.f. [from the verb.] Embarafsment; perplexity.
Men in great fortunes are ftrangers to themfelves, and while
they are in the puzzle of bufinefs, they have no time to tend
their health either of body or mind. Bacon s Effays.
Puzzler, n.f [fram puzzle.] He who puzzles.
Py'garg. n.f A bird. Ainfivorth.
Pygmean, adj. [from pygmy.~] Belonging to a pygmy.
They, lefs than fmalleft dwarfs in narrow room.
Throng numberlefs like that pygmean race
Beyond the Indian mount. Milton.
PY'GMY. n.f. [pygmce, Fr. wy/xna®3.] A dwarf; -oneof a
nation fabled to be only three fpans high, and after long wars
to have been deftroyed by cranes.
If they deny the prefent fpontaneous production ot larger
plants, and confine the earth to as pygmy births in the vegetable
kingdom, as they do in the other; yet furcly in fuch a fuppol'ed univerfal decay of nature, even mankind itlclf that is
now nourifhed, though not produced, by the earth, mufthave
degenerated in ftature and ftrength in every generation.
Bentley*
Pylo'rus. n.f. [7ruAw£i3?.] The lower orifice of the ftomach.
Py'powder. See Piepowder.
PY'RAMID. n.f [pyramide, Fr. 7ni^a[xi;, from ttu^, fire;
becaufe fire always afcends in the figure of a cone.] In geo¬
metry, is a folid figure, whofe bafe is a polygon, and vviiofe
fides are plain triangles, their feveral points meeting in one.
Harris.
Know, Sir, that I will not wait pinion’d at your mailer’s
court; rather make my country’s high pyramids my gibbet,
and hang me up in chains. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
An hollow cryftal pyramid he takes.
In firmamental waters dipt above.
Of it a broad extinguiiher he makes.
And hoods the flames. Dryden.
Part of the ore is ftiot into quadrilateral pyramids. IPoodzv.
Pyra'midal. \adj. [from pyramid.] Having the form of a
Pyrami'dical. ) pyramid.
Of which fort likevvife are the gems or ftones, that are here
fhot into cubes, into pyramidal forms, or into angular
columns. IVoodward.'s Nat. Hijt.
The pyramidical idea of its flame, upon occaficn ot the
candles, is what is in queftion. Locke.
Pyrami'dically. adv. [from pyramidical.] In form of a
pyramid.
Olympus is the largeft, and therefore he makes it the bafis
upon which Ofla ftands, that being the next to Olympus in
magnitude, and Pelion being the leaft, is placed above OlTa,
and thus they rife pyramidically. Broome’s Notes on Odyjjey.
Py'ramis. n. f. A pyramid.
The form of a pyramis in flame, which we ufually fee, is
merely by accident, and that the air about, by quenching the
fides of the flame, cruftieth it, and extenuateth it into that
form, for of itfelf it would be round, and therefore fmoke is
in the figure of a pyramis reverfed ; for the air quencheth the
flame, and receiveth the fmoke. Bacon’s Nat. HifI*
Pyre. n.f. [pyra, Lat.] A pile to be burnt.
When his brave fon upon the fun’ral pyre
He faw extended, and his beard on fire. Dryden*
With tender billet-doux he lights the pyre.
And breathes three am’rous fighs to raife the fire. Pope.
Pyri'tes. n.f. [from 7ru^.] Fireftone.
Pyrites contains fulphur, fometimes arfenick, always iron,
and fometimes copper. IVoodward.
Pyromancy, n.f [Tj-vgo/xavriu.] Divination by fire.
Divination was invented by the Perfians, and is feldom or
never taken in a good fenfe : there are four kinds of divina¬
tion, hydromancy, pyromancy, aeromancy, geomancy. Ayhjfc.
Pyrote'chnical. adj. [pyrotcchnique^ Fr. from pyrotechnic!:!.]
Engaged or Ikilful in fireworks.
PYROTE'CHNICKS. n.f. [7ru£ and Tsp^vjj.] The ad! of
employing fire to ufe or pleafure ; the aft of fireworks.
Pyrote'chny. n.f. [pyrotechnic, Fr.] The art of managing
fire.
Great difeoveries have been made by the means of
pyrotechny and chymiftry, which in late ages have attained to
a greater height than formerly. Hale's Origin of Mankind*
Pyrrhonism, n.f. [from Pyrrho, the founder of the ficepticks.J Scepticifm ; univerfal doubt.
Pyx. n.f. [pyxis, Latin.] The box in which the Romanlfts
keep the hoft. o
I
Q.
Q.U A
Is a confonant borrowed from tbc Latin orFrench,
for which$ though q is commonly placed in the
Saxon alphabet, the Saxons generally ufed cp,
ctu > as cpcllan or cvjellan, to quell: qu is, in
Engliih, pronounced as by the Italians and Spaniaids civ 3 as quail, quench, except quoit, which
is f'poken, according to the manner of the French, cqit: the
name of this letter is cue, from queue, French, tail 3 its form
being that of an O with a tail.
Quab. n.f. [derived, by Skinner, from irobio, the Latin name.]
A fort of fifh.
*To QUACK, v. n. [quacken, Dutch, to cry as a goofe.j
1. I o cry like a duck. I his word is often written quaake, to
reprefent the found better.
Vv ild-ducks quack where grafshoppers did fing. King.
2. To chatter boaftingly ; to brag loudly 3 to talk oftentatioufly.
Believe mechanick virtuoh
Can raife them mountains in Potofi,
Seek out for plants with Signatures,
Xo quack of univerfal cures. Hudibras, p. iii.
Quack, n.f [from the verb.]
1. A boaiifui pietender to arts which he does not underftand.
Xhe change, lchools and pulpits are full of quacks, jugglers
and plagiaries. _ _ L'EjFange.
Some quacks in the art of teaching, pretend to make young
gentlemen mailers ofthe languages, before they can be mailers
of common fenfe. Felton on the Clafficks.
2. A vain boaiifui pretender to phyfick 3 one who proclaims hisown medical abilities in publick places.
At the firft appearance that a 1* rench quack made in
Paris : a little boy walked before him, publifhino; with a finrill
voice, 44 My father cures all forts of diftempers to which
the doctor added in a grave manner, 44 T. he child fays true.”
Acldifon.
3. An artful tricking practitioner in phyfick.
Delpairing quacks with curfes fled the place.
And vile attorneys, now an ufelefs race. Pope.
.Quackeri. n.J. [from quack.~\ Mean or bad ads in phyfick.
Qua'cksalver. n. f [quack and falve.] One who brags of
medicines or falves3 a medicafler ; a charlatan.
Saltimbancoes, quackjalvers and charlatans deceive the vul-
: gar in lower degrees ; were JEfop alive, the piazza and the
pont neuf could fpeak their fallacies. Brown.
Many poor country vicars, for want of other means, are
driven to their Ihifts 3 to turn mountebanks, quacksalvers and
empiricks. Burton on Melancholy.
Quadra'gesimal. adj. [quadragefimal, Fr. quadragefima,
Latin.] Lenten 3 belonging to Lent3 ufed in Lent.
I have compofed prayers out of the church colle&s, adventuz\,quadragefimal, pafchal, or pentecollal. Sanderfon:
QUA DRANCjrLF. n.f. [quadratics and angulus, Latin.] A
fquare 3 a furface with four right angles.
My choler being overblown
With walking once about the quadrangle,
I come to talk. * Shakefp. Henry VI.
1 he elcuriai liath a quadrangle for every month in the
year* r . Howel.
Quadra ngular. adj. [from quadrangle.] Square 3 having
four right angles.
Common fait fhooteth into little cryflals, coming near to a
cube, fometimes into fquare plates, fometimes into fhort quadrangular prifms. _ Crew's Cofrnol.
Each environed with a crufl, conforming itfelf to the
planes, is of a figure quadrangular. Woodward.
I was placed at a quadrangular table, oppofite to the macebearcr. Spectator, N° 617.
QUADRANT. n. f. [quadrant^ Lat.]
I. Xhe fourth part; the quarter.
In fixty-three years may be loft eighteen days, omitting the
intercalation of one day every fourth year, allowed for this
quadrant or fix hours fupernumerary. Brown.
Q/U A
2. The quarter of a circle.
I lie obliquity ol the ecliptick to the equator, and frofii
thence the diurnal differences of the fun’s right afcentions,
which finifh their variations in each quadrant of the circle of
the ecliptick, being joined to the former inequality, arifing
fiom the excentricity, makes thefe quarterly and feeming ir¬
regular inequalities of natural days. Holder on Tune.
3. An inftrument with which altitudes are taken.
Some had compaffes, others quadrants. Tatlcr, N° 81.
T hin taper flicks mull from one center part 3
Let thefe into the quadrant's form divide. Gay.
Quadr.a ntal. adj. [from quadrant.] Included in the fourth
part of a circle.
. bU fbat fpace of dilating, proceed in ftrait lines, and
difpofe of thofe lines in a variety of parallels : and to do that
in a quadrantal' fpace, there appears but one way poflible ; to
form all the interfedtions, which the branches make, with
angles of forty-five degrees only. Derbam's Pbyfico-T. heoi.
Quadrate, adj. [quadratus,E2LX\n.'\
1. Square ; having four equal and parallel fides;
2. Divifibie into lour equal parts.
1 he number often hath been extolled, as containing even,
odd, long and plain, quadrate and cubical numbers. ^Brown.
Some tell us, that the years Mofes fpeaks of were fomewhat
above the monthly year, containing in them thirty-fix days,
which is a number quadrate. Hakewillon Providence.
3- \_Sjuadraiis^ Lat.] Suited 3 applicable. This perhaps were
more properly quadrant.
Ihewoid confumption, being applicable to a proper or
impioper confumption, requires a generical defeription, quadrate to both. Harvey on Confumptions.
Quadrate, n.f.
1. A fquare 3 a furface with four equal and parallel fides.
And twixt them both a quadrate was the bale.
Proportion’d equally by feven and nine 3
Nine was the circle fet in heaven’s place.
All which compared, made a goodly diapafe. Fa. Queen.
Whether the exadl quadrate or the long fquare be the better^
is not well determined; I prefer the latter, provided the length
do not exceed the latitude above one third part. Wotton.
Xhe powers militant
That flood for heav’n, in mighty quadrate join’d
Of union irrefiftible, mov’d on
In filence their bright legions. Milton„
To our finite underftanding a quadrate, whofe diagonal is
commenfurate to one of the fides, is a plain contradiction.
More's Divine Dialogues.
2. [Quadrat, Fr.] In aftrology, an afpe& of the heavenly bodies*
wherein they are diftant from each other ninety degrees, and
the fame with quartile. Did}.
To Quadrate, v. n. [quadra, Lat. qmdrer, Fr.] To fuit 3
to be accommodated.
. Ariflotle’s rules for Epick poetry, which he had drawn from
his reflections upon Homer, cannot be fuppofed to quadrate
exactly with the heroick poems, which have been made llnce
his time 3 as it is plain, his rules would have been ftill mors
perfedl, could he have perufed the fErieid. Addifon.
Qua dratick. adj. hour fquare 3 belonging to a fquare. Didi.
Quadratics equations. In algebra, are fitch as retain, on the
unknown fide, the fquare of the root or the number fought •
and are of two forts 3 firft, fimple quadraticks, where the fquare
of the unknown root is equal to the abfolute number given -
fecondly, affeCled quadraticks, which are fitch as have be¬
tween the htgheft power of the unknown number and the ab¬
folute number given, fame intermediate power of the un¬
known number. ,,
*• La.in.r-
!"Pecu^at‘°ns ^gebra, the doClrine of infinites, and
q ra ure o curves fhould not intrench upon our ftudies
o mora 1 y. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind,
20 Y 2. The
QU A QUA
e. The firft and lafl quarter of the moon.
It is full moon, when the earth being between the fun and
moon) we fee all the enlightened part of the moon ; new
moon, when the moon being between us and the fun, its en¬
lightened part is turned from us; and halt moon, when the
moon being in the quadratures, we fee but halt the enlightened
part, Lode.
3* The ftate of being fquare ; a quadrate ; a fquare.
All things parted by th’ empyreal bounds,
His quadrature from thy orbicular world. Milton.
Quadre'nnial. adj. [quadriennium, from quatuor and annus,
Latin.]
1. Comprifing four years.
2. Happening once in four years.
Qua'drible. adj. [from quadra, Lat.] That may be lquared.
Sir Ifaac Newton difeovered a way of attaining the quan¬
tity of all qitadrible curves analytically, by his method of
fluxions, fome time before the year 168&. . Derham.
Quadri'fid. adj. [quadrifidis, Lat.] Cloven into four divifions.
QUADRILA'TERAL. adj. [quadrilatere, Fr. quatuor and
latus, Lat.] Having four iides.
Tin incorporated with cryftal, difpofes it to fhoot into a
quadrilateral pyramid, fometimes placed on a quadrilateral
bafe or column. Woodivard on Fojjils.
Quadrila'ter ALNESS, n.f. [from quadrilateral.'] The pro¬
perty of paving four right lined Tides, forming as many right
angles. Diet.
Qua'drille. n. f. A game at cards. Dill.
Qua'drin. n. f. [quadrinus,L?it.] Amite; a fmall piece of
money, in value about a farthing. 1 Bailey.
Qua'drinomical. adj. [quatuor and nomen, Lat.] Conlifting of four denominations. Dift.
QUA'DRIPARTITE. adj. [quatuor and partitus, Lat.] Havingfour parties ; divided into four parts.
Qua'dripartitely. adv. [from quadripartite.] In a qua¬
dripartite diftribution.
Quadriparti'tion. n.f. A divifion by four, or the taking
the fourth part of any quantity or number. Dili.
Quadriphy'llous. adj. [quatuor and (pvWov.J Having four
leaves.
Quadrire'me. n.f. [quadriremis, Lat.] A galley with four
banks of oars.
Quadrisyllable, n.f. [quatuor and fyllable.] A word of
four fyllables.
QuadrivaLveS; n.f [quatuor and valvce, Lat.] Doors with
four folds.
Quadri'vial. adj. [quadrivium, Lat.] Having four ways
meeting in a point.
Quadru'ped. n.f. [quadrupeds, Fr. quadrupes, Lat.] An
animal that goes on four legs, as perhaps all beads.
The different flexure and order of the joints is not difpofed
in the elephant, as in other quadrupeds. Brown.
The fang teeth, eye teeth, or dentes canini of fome qua¬
druped. Woodward on Foffils.
Mod quadrupedes, that live upon herbs, have incifor teeth
to pluck and divide them. Arbuthnot.
The king of brutes.
Of quadrupeds I only mean. Swift.
Quadru'ped. adj. Having four feet.
The cockney, travelling into the country, is furprized at
many adlions of the quadruped and winged animals. Watts.
QUADRUPLE, adj. [quadruplets, quadruple, Lat.] Four¬
fold ; four times told.
A law, that to bridle theft doth punilh thieves with a qua¬
druple reftitution, hath an end which will continue as long as
the world itfelf continueth. . Hooker.
The lives of men on earth might have continued double,
treble or quadruple, to any of the longed: times of the firfl:
age. Raleigh's Hiflory of the World.
Fat refrefhes the blood in the penury of aliment during the
winter, and fome animals have a quadruple caul. Arbuthnot.
To QUADRUPLICATE v. a. [quadrupler, Fr. quadruplieo,
Lat.] To double twice ; to make fourfold.
Quadruplica'tion. n.f. [horn, quadruplicate.] The taking
a thing four times.
Quadru'ply. adv. [from quadruple.] To a fourfold quantity.
If the perfon accufed maketh his innocence appear, the accufer is put to death, and out of his goods the innocent perfon
is quadruply recompenfed. Swift.
FfjJ/ERE. [Latin.] Enquire; feek; a word put when any
thing is recommended to enquiry.
Ffuare, if ’tis deeped in the fame liquor, it may not pre¬
vent the fly and grub. Mortimer s Flufbandry.
To QUAFF, v. a. [of this word the derivation is uncertain :
Junius, with his ufual idlenefs of conjedlure, derives it from
the Greek, RvatpiQiu in the Eolick dialed! ufed for wooSitjuv.
Skinner from go off, as go off, guoff, quojf, quaff. It comes
from (oeffer, Fr. to be drunk.] To drink; to fwallow in
large draughts.
He calls for wine ; a health, quoth he, as if
II’ ad been abroad caroufimr to his mates
3
After a dorm, quafft off the mufcadel,
And threw the fops all in the fexton’s face. Shakefp,
I found the prince,
With fuch a deep demeanour in great forroW;
That tyranny, which never quafft but blood.
Would, by beholding him, have wafli’d his knife
With gentle eye drops. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. j};
On flow’rs repos’d, and with rich flow’rets crown’d.
They eat, they drink, and in communion fweet
Shiaff immortality and joy. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. v.
To Quaff, v. n. To drink luxurioufly.
We may contrive this afternoon,
And quaff caroufes to our miftrefs’ health. , Shakefp,
Belfhazzer, quaffing in the facred veffels of the temple, fees
his fatal fentence writ by the fingers of God. South.
- Twelve days the gods their folemn revels keep.
And quaff with blamelefs Ethiops in the deep. Dryden.
QuaTfer. n. f [from quaff,!] He who quaffs.
To Qua'ffer. v. n. [a iow word, I fuppofe, formed by
chance.] To feel out. J his feems to be the meaning.
Ducks, having larger nerves that come into their bills than
geefe, quaffer and grope out their meat the moll. Derham.
Qua'ggy.adj. [from quagmire.] Boggy ; foft; notfolid. Ainf
This word is fomewhere too in Clariffa.
QUA'GMIRE. n.f. [that is, quakemire.] A {halting marlh ;
a bog that trembles under the feet.
The fen and quagmire, fo marifh by kind.
Are to be drained. Tuffer.
Your hearts I’ll {lamp out with my horfe’s heels,
And make a quagmire of your mingled brains. Shakefp.
Poor Tom ! whom the foul fiend hath through ford and
whirlpool, o’er bog and quagmire. Shakefp.
The wret particles might have eafily ever mingled with the
dry, and fo all had either been fea or quagmire. More.
The brain is of fuch a clammy confiftencc, that it can no
more retain motion than a quagmire. Glanvill’s Sccpf.
Quaid. part, [of this participle I know not the verb, and be¬
lieve it only put by Spenfer, who often took great liberties,
for quailed, for the poor convenience of his rhyme.] Cruihed ;
dejedled; depreffed.
Therewith his flurdy courage foon was quaid.
And all his fenfes were with fudden dread difmaid. F. f^u.
Quail, n.f. [quaglia, Italian.] A bird of game.
His quails' eves
Beat mine, in-hoop’d at odds. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Hen birds have a peculiar fort of voice, when they would
call the male, which is fo eminent in quails, that men, by
counterfeiting this voice with a quail pipe, eafily drew the
cocks into their fnares. Ray on the Creation.
A frelher gale .
Sweeping with fhadowy guff the field of corn,
While the quail clamours for his running mate. Thomfon.
Quailpipe. n.f. [quail and pipe.] A pipe with which fowlers
allure quails.
A difh of wild fowl furniflied converfation, which con¬
cluded with a late invention for improving the quailpipe.
Addifon’s Spefiator, Np 108.
To Quail, v.n. [quelen, Dutch.] Tolanguilh; to fink into
dejection ; to lofe fpirit. Spenfer.
He writes there is no quailing now ;
Becaufe the king is certainly poffeff
Of all our purpofes. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. 5.
This may plant courage in their quailing brealts.
For yet is hope of life and vidlory. Shakefp.
After Solyman had with all his power in vain belieged
Rhodes, his haughty courage began to quail, fo that he was
upon point to have raifed his liege. Knolles.
While rocks iland,
And rivers ftir, thou can’ll not lhrink or quail;
Yea, when both rocks and all things fhali difband.
Then fhalt thou be my rock and tower. Herbert.
When Dido’s ghofl appear’d.
It made this hardy warriour quail. Wandering Pr. ofTroy.
At this the errant’s courage quails. Cleaveland.
To pafs the quailing and withering of all things by the recefs, and their reviving by the reaccefs of the fun, the fap in
trees precifely follows the motion of the fun. Hakeivill.
To Quail, v. a. [cyellan, Saxon.] Tocrufli; to quell; to
deprefs ; to fink ; to overpower.
To drive him to defpair, and quite to quail.
He {hewed him painted in a table plain
The damned ghofts. Fairy Sjueen, b. i*
Three, with fi'ry courage, he afiails ;
Three, all as kings adorn’d in royal wife:
And each fucceffive after other quails.
Still wond’ring whence fo many kings Ihould rife. Daniel.
QUAINT, adj. [coint, Fr. comptus, Lat.]
I. Nice; fcrupuloufly, minutely, fuperfluoufly exacl; having
petty elegance. .
Each ear fucks up the words a true love fcattereth,
And plain fpeech oft, than quaint phrafe framed is. Sidney.
You
QUA
You were glad to be employ’d,
To fhew how quaint an orator you are. Shakefp.
He 1'pends feme pages about two fimiiitudes ; one of mine,
and another quainter of his own. Stillingfleet.
1.Subtle ; artful. Obfolete.
As clerkes been full fubtlc and queint. Chaucer.
3. Neat; pretty; exa&.
But for a fine, quaint, graceful and excellent fafhion, ycurs
is worth ten on’t. Shakefp.
Her mother hath intended.
That, quaint in green, fhe £hali be loofe enrob’d
With ribbands pendent, flaring ’bout her head. Shakcfp.
I never faw a better fafhion’d gown,
More quaint, more pleaflng, nor more commendable. Sha:
4. Subtly excogitated ; fincfpun.
I’ll fpeak of frays,
Lixe a Hire bragging youth, and tell quaint lies.
How honourable ladies fought my love,
Which I denying they fell iick and died. Shakcfp.
He his fabrick of the heav’ns
Hath left to their difputes, perhaps to move
His laughter at their quaint opinions wide
Hereafter. Miltons Par. Loft, b. viii.
5* Quaint is, in Spenfcr, quailed ; depreffed. I believe by a
very licentious irregularity.
With fuch fair flight him Guyon fail’d :
Till at the laft, all breathlefs, weary and faint.
Him fpying, with frefh onfet he affail’d,
And kindling new his courage, leeming quaint,
Struck him fo hugely, that through great conftraint
He made him {loop. Fairy Queen, b. ii,
v. Affected ; foppifh. This is not the true idea of the word,
which Swift feems not to have well underftood.
To this we owe thole monftrous productions, which under
the name of trips, fpies, amufements, and other conceited
appellations, have overrun us ; and I with I could fay, thole
quaint fopperies were wholly abfent from graver fubje&s. Szv.
Quai'ntly. adv. [from quaint.]
1. Nicely; exactly; with petty elegance.
When was old Sherewood’s hair more quaintly curl’d.
Or nature's cradle more enchas’d and purl’d. B. Johnfon.
2. Artfully.
Breathe his faults fo quaintly,
That they feem the taints of liberty.
The flafh and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shakefp.
3. Ingenioufly with fuccefs. This is not the true fenfe.
As my Buxoma
With gentle finger ftroak’d her milky care,
I quaintly ilole a kifs. Cay
Quai'ntness. n.f [from quaint.'] Nicety; petty elegance.
There is a certain majefty in flmplicity, which is far above
all the qtiaintnefs of wit. , Pope.
To Quake, v. n. [cpacan, Saxon.J
1. To fhake with cold or fear ; to tremble.
Dorus threw Pamela behind a tree, where fhe flood quaking
like the partridge on which the hawk is even ready to feize. °
Sidney, b. i.
If Cupid hath not fpent all his quiver in Venice, thou wilt
quake for this. Shakejpeare.
Do fuch buflnefs as the better day
Would quake to look on. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Who honours not his father,
t Henry the fifth, that made all France to quake,
Shake he his weapon at us, and pals by. Shakefp.
The mountains quake at him, and the hills melt, and the
earth is burnt at his prefence. Nah. i. 5.
Son of man eat thy bread with quaking, and drink thy
water with trembling and carefuinefs. Ezek. xii. 18.
In fields they dare not fight where honour calls.
The very noife of war their fouls does wound.
They quake but hearing their own trumpets found. Dryden.
2. 7 o flrake ; not to be folid or firm.
Next Smedley div’d ; flow circles dimpled o’er
The quaking mud, that clos’d and,op’d no more. Pope.
Quake, n.f. [from the verb.] A fhudder; a tremulous agi¬
tation.
As the earth may fometimes fhake,
For winds flhut up will caule a quake ;
So often jealoufy and fear
Stol’n to mine heart, caufe tremblings there. Sucklings
Quaking-grass, n.f An herb. Ain^orih.
Qualification, n.f. [qualification, Fr. from qualify.)
1. That which makes any perlon or thing fit for any thing.
It is in the power of the prince to make piety and virtue
become the fafhion, if he would make them aeceffary quali¬
fications for preferment. Swift.
2. Accomplifhment.
Good qualifications of mind enable a magiftrate to perform
his duty, and tend to create a publick efleem of him. Attcr.
3. Abatement ; diminution.
Neither had the waters of the flood infufed fuch an impu-
^ rity, as thereby the natural and powerful operation of all
QUA
plants, herbs rind fruits upon the earth received a qualification
and harmful change. Raleigh's Fliflory of the World.
To QUALITY, v. a. [qualifier, Fr.j
1. To fit for any thing.
Place over them fuch governors, as may be qualified in fuch
manner as may govern the place. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
I bequeath to Mr. John Whiteway the fum of one hundred
pounds, in order to qualify him for a furgeon. Sivift's Will.
2. To furnifh with qualifications; to accomplifh.
That which ordinary men are fit for; I am qualified in ;
and the beft of me is diligence. Shakefp. King Lear.
She is of good efleem.
Her dowry wealthy, and of worthy birth,
Befide fo qualified, as may befeem
The fpoule of any noble gentleman. , Shakefp,
3. To make capable of any employment or privilege.
4. To abate ; to foften ; to diminifh.
I have beard,
Your grace hath ta’en great pains to qualify
His rig’rous courfe. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
I do not feelc to quench your love’s hot fire.
But qualify the fire’s extreme rage,
Left it fhould burn above the bounds of reafon. Shakefp.
I have drunk but one cup to-night, and that was craftily
qualified too ; and behold what innovation it makes here. Sha.
They would report that they had records for twenty
thoufand years, which muft needs be a very great untruth,
unlefs we will qualify it, expounding their years not of the
revolution of the fun, but of the moon. Abbot.
It hath fo pleafed God to provide for all living creatures,
wherewith he hath filled the world, that fuch inconveniences,
as wc contemplate afar off, are found, by trial and the witnefs of men’s travels, to be fo qualified, as there is no portion
of the earth made in vain. Raleigh's Hfl. ofthe World.
So happy ’tis you move in fuch a fphere, .
As your high majefty with awful fear
In human breafts might qualify that fire,
Which kindled by thofe eyes had flamed higher. Waller.
Children fhould be early inftrudted in the true eftimate of
things, by oppofing the good to the evil, and compenfating
or qualifying one thing with another. L’Ejirangc.
My propofition I have qualified with the word, often ;
thereby making allowance for thofe cafes, wherein men of
excellent minds may, by a long practice of virtue, have renered even the heights and rigours of it delightful. Atterbury.
5. To eafe ; to afiliage.
He balms and herbs therto apply’d,
And evermore with mighty fpells them ^harm’d.
That in fhort fpace he lias them qualify’d.
And him reftor’d to health, that would have dy’d. Spenfier.
6. To modify; to regulate.
It hath no larinx or throttle to qualify the found. Browm
Qua'lity. n.f. [qualitas, Lat. qualite, Fr.j
1. Nature relatively confidered.
Thefe, being of a far other nature and quality, are not fo
ftricftly or everlaftingly commanded in feripture. Hooker.
Other creatures have not judgment to examine the quality
of that which is done by them, and therefore in that they do,
they neither can accufe nor approve themfelves. Hooker.
Since the event of an adtion ufually follows the nature or
quality of it, and the quality follows the rule directing it, it
concerns a man, in the framing of his actions, not to be de¬
ceived in the rule. South.
The power to produce any idea in our mind, I call quality
of the fubject, wherein that power is. Locke.
2. Property ; accident.
In the divifion of the kingdom, it appears not which of
the dukes he values moft; for qualities are fo weighed, that
curiohty in neither can make choice of either’s moiety. Shak.
No lenfible qualities, as light and colour, heat and found,
can he fubfiftent in the bodies themfelves abfolutely confi¬
dered, without a relation to our eyes and ears, and other or¬
gans of fenfe : thefe qualities are only the effects of our fenfation, which arife from the different motions upon our nerves
from objects without, according to their various modification
and pofition. Bentley.
3. Particular efficacy.
O, mickle is the powerful grace, that lies
In plants, herbs, ftones, and their true qualities. Shakefp.
4. Difpofition ; temper.
To-night we’ll wander through the ftreets, and note
The qualities of people. SbakeJp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
5. Virtue or vice.
One doubt remains, Paid T, the dames in green.
What were their qualities, and who their queen \ *Dryden.
6. Accomplifhment; qualification. ' J
He had thofe qualities ofhorfemanlhip, dancing and fencing,
wh.ch accompany a good breeding. ° Ckrmdt,.
7. Character.
The attorney of the dutchy of Lancafter partakes of both
qualities, partly of a judge in that court, and partly of an
attorney general. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
We,
QUA
We, who are hearers, may be allowed feme opportunities
in the quality of ftanders-by. Swift.
8. Comparative or relative rank.
It is with the clergy, if their perfons be refpectcd, even as
it is with other men; their quality many times far beneath
that which the dignity of their place requireth. . Honker.
We lived moft joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many
of the city, not of the meaheft quality. Bacon.
The matters of thefe horfes may be admitted to dine with
the lord lieutenant: this is to be done, what quality foever the
perfons are of. , emp e.
q. Rank ; fuperiority of birth or ftation.
Let him be fo entertained, as fuits with gentlemen of your
knowing to a ftranger of his quality. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
10. Perfons of high rank. Collectively.
I fliall appear at the mafquerade drelied up in my feathers,
that the quality may fee how pretty they will look in their
travelling habits. Addifon s Ouaidian^ N 112.
Of all the fervile herd, the word: is he,
That in proud dullnefs joins with quality,
A condant critick at the great man s board,
To fetch and carry nonfenfe for my lord. Pope.
QUALM, n.f [epealm, Saxon, a fudden ftroke of death.] A
Hidden fit of ficknefs ; a fudden feizure of ficlcly languor.
Some Hidden qualm hath ftruck me to the heart.
And dimm’d mine eyes, that I can read no further. Shak.
Some diftill’d carduus benedidus, laid to your heart, is the
only thing for a qualm. Shakefp.
Compar’d to thefe ftorms, death is but a qualm,
Hell fomewhat lightfome, the Bermudas calm. Donne.
I find a cold qualm come over my heart, that I faint, I can
fpeak no longer. Howcl.
All maladies
Of ghaftly fpafm, or racking torture, qualms
Of heart-fick agony. Milton s Par. Lojl.
For who, without a qualm, hath ever look’d
On holy garbage, though by Homer cook’d. Rofcommon.
They have a fickly uneafinel's upon them, fhifting and
chanmno- from one error, and, from one qualm to another,
& . O , . riPfl.>.
Q^U A
hankering after novelties. L'Efrange's Fables.
Thy mother well deferves that fliort delight.
The naufeous qualms of ten months and travail to requite.
Dryden s Virgil.
When he hath ftretched his veffels with wine to their utmoft capacity, and is grown weary and lick, and feels thofe
qualms and difturbances that ufually attend fuch exceffes, he
refolves, that he will hereafter contain himfelf within the
bounds of fobriety. Calamy.
The qualms or ruptures of your blood
Rife in proportion to your lood. Prior.
Qua'lmish. adj. [from qualm.'} Seized with fickly languor.
I am qualmifh at the fmell of leek. Shakefp.
You drop into the place,
Caretefs and qualmifh with a yawning face. Dryden.
Qua'ndary. n.J. [qu'en diraijey Fr. Skinner.] A doubt; a
difficulty; an uncertainty. A low word.^
Qua'ntitive. adj. [quantitivus, Lat.J Fflimable accoiding
to quantity. .
This explication of rarity and denfity, by the compofition
of fubftance with quantity, may peradventure give little fatisfa&ion to fuch who are apt to conceive therein no other com¬
pofition or refolution, but fuch as our fenfes fhew us, in com¬
pounding and dividing bodies according to quantitive parts..
1 Digby on Bodies.
Qua'ntity. n.f. [quantite, Fr. quantitas, Lat.]
I.That property of any thing which may be encreafed or dtSfuantity is what may be increafed or diminifhed. Cheyne.
2» Any indeterminate weight or meafure.
3. Bulk or weight.
Unfkill’d in hellebore, if thou Ihou’dft try
To mix it, and miftake the quantity,
The rules of phyfick wou’d againft thee cry. Dryden,
. A portion ; a part. _
If I were faw’d into quantities, I fhould make four dozen
of fuch bearded hermites Haves as matter Shallow. Shakefp.
5. A large portion. . . . .
The warm antifcorbutical plants, taken in quantities, will
occafion ftinking breath, and corrupt the blood. Arbuthnot.
. The meafure of time in pronouncing a fyllable.
The eafy pronunciation of a mute before a liquid does not
necefiarily make the preceding vowel, by pohtion, long in
quantity ; as patrem. Holder s Elements of Speech.
%IJA'NTUM. n.f [Latin.] The quantity ; the amount. ,
The quantum of prefbyterian merit, during the reign of
that ill-advifcd prince, will eattly be computed. Swift.
Qua'rantain. ) n. f. [quaraniain, hr.] 1 he fpace of forty
Quarantine, j days, being the time which a Ihip, lufpected
of infection, is obliged to forbear intercourfe or commerce.
Pafs your quarantine among lome of the churches round
this town, where you may learn to fpeak before you venture
to expofe your parts in a city congregation* Swift*
QUA'RREL. n.f. [querclle, Fr.J
is A brawl ; a petty fight; a feuffle.
If I can fatten but one cup upon him.
With that which he hath drank to-night alrcaoy.
He’ll be as full of qUarrel and offence,
As my young miftrefs’ dog. Shakefp. Othello*
2. A difpute ; a conteft.
The part, which in this prefent quarrel ttriveth againft the
current and ftream of laws, was a long while nothing
feareclt Hooker's Dedication*
As if earth too narrow were fob fate.
On open feas their quarrels they debate ;
In hollow wood they floating armies bear,
And forc’d imprifon’d winds to bring ’em near. Dryden.
3. A caufe of debate.
I could not die any where fc contented, as in the king’s
company; his caufe being juft, and his quarrel honourable.
Shakefp. Henry V,
If not in fervice of our God we fought,
In meaner quarrel if this fvvord were fhaken.
Well might thou gather in the gentle thought.
So fair a princefs fhould not be forfaken. Fairfax.
4. Something that gives a right to mifehief orreprifal.
He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him. Holingjh.
Wives are young men’s miftreffes, companions for middle
age, and old men’s nurfes ; fo a man may have a quarrel to
marry when he will. Bacon s Efjays.
5. Objection ; ill will.
Herodias had a quarrel againft him, and would have killed
him, but fhe could not. Mar. vi. 19.
We are apt to pick quarrels with the world for every little
foolery. L’Eflrange.
I have no quarrel to the practice; it may be a diverting
oy. Eclton on the Clafjicks.
6. In Shakefpeare, it feems to ftgnify any one peevifh or ma¬
licious.
Better
She ne’er had known pomp, thought be temporal $
Yet if that quarrel, fortune, do divorce
It from the bearer, ’tis a fuff’rance panging
As foul and body’s fev’ring. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
7. [From quadreau, Fr. quadrclla, Italian.] An arrow with a
fquare head.
It is reported by William Brito, that the arcubalifta or arbalift was firft fhewed to the French by our king Richard I.
who was ftiortly after flain by a quarrel thereof. Camden.
Twang’d the firing, outflew the quarrel long. Fairfax.
To QuaRrel. v. n. [iquereller, Fr.]
1. To debate ; to feuffle ; to fquabble.
I love the fport well, but I {hall as foon quarrel at it as any
man. _ _ Shakefp.
Your words have taken fuch pains, as if they labour’d .
To bring manflaughter into form, fet quarrelling
Upon the head of valour. Shakefp. Timon ofAthens.
Wine drunken with excels, maketh bitternefs of the mind,
wich brawling and quarrelling. Eccluf xxxi. 29.
Beafts called fociable, quarrel in hunger and luft ; and the
bull and ram appear then as much in fury and war, as the
lion and the bear. Temple s Mifcellaniet.
2. To fall into variance.
Our difeontented counties do revolt;
Our people quarrel with obedience. Shakefp. King johru
3. To fight; to combat.
When once the Perfian king was put to flight.
The weary Macedons refus’d to fight;
Themfelves their own mortality confefs’d.
And left the fon of Jove to quarrel for the reft, Dryden,
4. To find fault; to pick objections.
To admit the thing, and quarrel about the name, is to
make ourfelves ridiculous. Bramhall againft Hobbs.
They find out mifearriages wherever they are, and forge
them often where they are not; they quarrel firft with the
officers, and then with the prince and ftate. Temple.
In a poem elegantly writ,
I will not quarrel with a flight miftake. Rofcommon.
I quarrel not with the word, becaufe ufed by Ovid. Dryd.
QuaRreller. n.f. [from quarrel.] He who quarrels.
QuaRrellous. adj. [querelleux^ Fr.] Petulant; eattly pro¬
voked to enmity; quarrelfome.
Ready in gybes, quick anfwered, faucy, and
As quarrellous as the weazel. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
QuaRrelsome. adj. [from quarrel.] Inclined to biawls,
eafily irritated ; irafcible ; cholerick ; petulant.
Cholerick and quarrelfome perfons will engage one into
their quarrels.
There needs no more to the fettmg of the whole world1
a flame, than a quarrelfome plaintiff and defendant. L tj r.
QuaRrelsomeey. adv. [from quarrelfome.] In a quarre -
lome manner; petulantly ; cholerickly.
Quarrelsomeness*
QUA
Quarrelsomeness, n.f. [from quarrelfome.] Cholericknefs; petulance.
Qua'rRY. n.f [quarre, Fr.]
1. A fquare.
To take down a quarry of glafs to fcowre, fodder, band,
and to fet it up again, is three halfpence a foot. Mortimer.
2. TShadreau, Fr.] An arrow with a fquare head.
L The fhafts and quarries from their engines fly
As thick as falling drops in April Ihow’rs. Fairfax,
n [From querir, to feek, hr. Skinner ; from carry, Kennet.]
* Game flown at by a hawk.
Your wife and babes
Savagely flaughter d ; to relate the manner.
Were on the quarry of thefe murder’d deer
To add the death of you. Sbakcfp. Macbeth.
She dwells among the rocks, on every fide
With broken mountains drongly fortify’d ;
From thence whatever can be l'een furveys.
And {looping, on the flaughter’d quarry preys. Sandys.
So feented the grim feature, and up turn’d
His noftrils wide into the murky air.
Sagacious of his quarry. Milton.
They their guns difeharge ;
This heard fome (hips of ours, though out of view.
And fwift as eagles to the quarry flew. Waller.
An hollow cryftal pyramid he takes.
In firmamental waters dipt above.
Of it a broad extinguifher he makes.
And hoods the flames that to their quarry drove. Dryden.
No toil, no hardfhip can redrain
Ambitious man inur’d to pain ;
The more confin’d, the more he tries.
And at forbidden quarry flies. Dryden s Horace.
Ere now the god his arrows had not try’d.
But on the trembling deer or mountain goat.
At this new quarry he prepares to {hoot. Dryden.
Let reafon then at her own quarry fly.
But how can finite grafp infinity. Dryden.
4* [Shearriere, quarrel, Fr. from carrig, Irifh, a flone, Mr.
Lye \ craigg, Erfe? a rock.] A flone mine ; a place where
they dig flones.
The fame is faid of flone out of the quarry, to make it
more durable. Bacon’s Nat. Hiji.
Pyramids and tow’rs
From diamond quarries hewn, and rocks of gold. Milton.
Here though’ grief my feeble hands up lock.
Yet on the foften’d quarry would I fcore
My plaining verfe as lively as before. Milton.
An hard and unrelenting fhe.
As the new-crufled Niobe ;
Or, what doth more of flatue carry,
A nun of the Platonick quarry. Cleavcland.
He like Amphion makes thofe quarries leap
Into fair figures from a confus’d heap. Waller.
Could neceflity infallibly produce quarries of flone, which
are the materials of all magnificent ftrudlures. More.
For them alone the heav’ns had kindly heat
In eaflern quarries, ripening precious dew. Dryden.
As long as the next coal-pit, quarry or chalk-pit will give
abundant atteflation to what I write, to thefe I may very
fafely appeal. Woodward's Nat. Hifi.
To Qua'rry. v. n. [from the noun.] To prey upon. A low
word not in ufe.
With cares and horrors at his heart, like the vulture'that is
day and night quarrying upon Prometheus’s liver. L'EJlrange.
Qu'arryman. n.f. [quarry and man.] One who digs in a
quarry.
One rhomboidal bony fcale of the needle-fifh, out of Stunsfield quarry, the quarryman allured me was flat, covered over
with feales, and three foot long. Woodward.
Quart, n.f. [quart, Fr.]
I*. The fourth part; a quarter. Not in ufe.
Albanadt had all the northern part.
Which of himfelf Albania he did call.
And Camber did pofl’efs the weflern quart. Fairy Shieen.
2. The fourth part of a gallon.
When I have been dry, and bravely marching, it hath
ferved me inflead of a quart pot to drink in. Sbakejp.
You have made an order, that ale fhould bq, fold at three
halfpence a quart. Swift's Mifcellanies.
^ [PPpuarte, Fr.] The veflel in which flrong drink is commonly
retailed-^ rail upon the hoflefs of the houfe,
And fay you would prelent her at the leet,
Recaufe fhe bought flone jugs and no feal’d quarts. Sbakefp.
Oua'rtan. n.f. [febris quartana, Lat.] The fourth day ague.
It were an uncomfortable receipt for a quartern ague to lay
the fourth book of Homer’s Iliads under one’s head. Brown.
Call her the metaphyficks of her fex.
And fay fhe tortures wits, as quartans vex
Phyficians. , Cleaveland.
Among thefe, quartans and tertians of a long continuance
mofl menace this fymptom. Harvey on Confumptions.
Q U A
A look fo pale no quartan ever gave.
Thy dwindled legs feem crawling to the grave. Dryden.
Qua rta'tion. n.f. [from quartus, Lat.] A chymical opera¬
tion.
In quartation, which refiners employ to purify gold, al¬
though three parts of filver be fo exquifitely mingled by fufion
with a fourth part of gold, whence the operation is denomi¬
nated, that the refulting mafs acquires feveral new qualities ;
yet, if you call this mixture into aqua fortis, the filver will
be diffolved in the menftmum, and the gold like a daik
powder will fall to the bottom. Boyle.
QUA'R TER. n.f [quart, quartier, Fr ]
1. A fourth part.
It is an accuflomed adlion with her, to feem thus wafhing
her hands; I have known her continue in this a quarter of an
hour. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Suppofe the common depth of the fea, taking one place
with another, to be about a quarter of a mile. Burnet.
Obferve what flars arife or difappear,
And the four quarters of the rolling year. Dryden.
Suppofing only three millions to be paid, ’tis evident that
to do this out of commodities, they mull, to the confumer,
be raifed a quarter in their price; fo that every thing, to him
that ufes it, mufl be a quarter dearer. Locke.
2. A region of the fkies, as referred to the feaman’s card.
I’ll give thee a wind.
—I myfelf have all the other.
And the very points they blow,
And all the quarters that they know
I’ th’ fhipman’s card. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
His praife, ye winds ! that from four quarters blow,
Breathe foft or loud. Milton's Par. Loft, b. v.
When the winds in fouthern quarters rife.
Ships, from their anchors torn, become their {port,
And fudden tempefls rage within the port. Acldifon.
3. A particular region of a town or country.
The like is to be faid of the populoufnefs of their coafls
and quarters there. Abbot's Defcription of the World.
No leaven fhall be feen in thy quarters. Exodus xiii. 7.
The fons of the church being fo much difperfed, though
without being driven, into all quarters of the land, there was
fome extraordinary defign of divine wifdom in it. Sprat.
A bungling cobler, that was ready to flarve at his own
trade, changes his quarter, and fets up for a doflor. L'Ejlr.
4. The place where foldiers are lodged or Rationed.
Where is lord Stanley quarter’d ?
•—Unlefs I have mifla’en his quarters much.
His regiment lies half a mile
South from the mighty power of the king. Sbakefp.
The quarters of the fev’ral chiefs they lhow’d.
Here Phtenix, here Achilles made abode. Dryden.
It was high time to fhift my quarters. Spectator.
5. Properflation.
They do befl, who, if they cannot but admit love, yet
make it keep quarter, and fever it wholly from their ferious
affairs. Bacon'sEJfays.
Swift to their feveral quarters hailed then
The cumbrous elements. Milton.
6. Remiffion of life; mercy granted by a conqueror.
Fie magnified his own clemency, now they were at his
mercy, to offer them quarter for their lives, if they gave up
the caflle. Clarendon, b. viii.
When the cocks and lambs lie at the mercy of cats and
wolves, they mufl never expedl better quarter. L’Ejlrange.
Difcover the opinion of your enemies, which is commonly
the truefl; for they will give you no quarter, and allow no¬
thing to complaifance. Dryden•
7. Treatment fhown by an enemy.
To the young if you give any tolerable quarter, you in¬
dulge them in their idlenefs, and ruin them. Collier.
Mr. Wharton, who detected fome hundreds of the bifhop’s
miflakes, meets with very ill quarter from his lordfhip. Swift.
8. Friendfhip ; amity; concord. Not now in ufe. \
Friends, all but now,
In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom
Divefling them for bed, and then, but now
Swords out, and tilting one at other’s breads. Sbakefp.
9. A meafure of eight bufhels.
There may be kept in it fourteen thoufand quarters ofcorn,
which is two thoufand quarters in each loft. Mortimer.
10. Falfe quarter is a cleft or chink in a quarter of a horfe’s
hoof from top to bottom ; it generally happens on the inlide
of it, that being the weakefl and thinned part.
To Qua'rter. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To divide into four parts.
A thought that quarter'd, hath but one part wifdom,
And ever three parts coward. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
2. To divide ; to break by force.
You tempt the fury of my three attendants,
Lean famine, quartering dec], and climbini-i fire. Sbakefp,
Mothers fhall but finde, when they behold
Their infants quarter'd by the hands of war. . • Sbakefp.
20 Z 3. To divide
QU A QUE
3* To divide intodiftinft regions.
Then Tailors quarter’d heav’n, and found a name
For ev’ry fixt and ev’ry wand’ring ftar. Dryden,
4* T o ftation or lodge foldiers.
When they hear the Roman horfes neigh.
Behold their quarter'd fires*
TheyiAvill wafte their time upon our note.
To know from whence we are. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Where is lord Stanley quarter'd ?
.—His regiment lies half a mile fouth. Shakefp, Rich. III.
They o’er the barren fhore purfue their way.
Where quarter'd in their camp* the fierce ThefTalians lay.
Dryden.
You have quartered all the foul language upon me, that
could be raked out of Billingfgate. Spectator, Nu 595.
5. To lodge ; to fix on a temporary dwelling.
They mean this night in Sardis to be quarter'd. Shakefp.
6. To diet.
He fed on vermin ;
And when thefc fail’d, he’d fuck his claws.
And quarter himfelf upon his paws. Hudibrcsy p. i.
7. To bear as an appendage to the hereditary arms.
The firft ordinary and natural* being compounded of ar¬
gent and azure, is the coat of Beauchamp of Hack in the
county of Somerfet, now Quartered by the earl of Hertford.
Peacham on Blazoning.
QuaRterage. n.f. [from quarter.-] A quarterly allowance.
He us’d two equal ways of gaining.
By hindring juftice or maintaining;
To many a whore gave privilege.
And whipp’d for want of quarterage. Hudibras, p. iii.
Qua'rterday. n.f. [quarter and day.] One of the four
days in the year, on which rent or intereft is paid.
The ufurer would be very well fatisfied to have all the time
annihilated, that lies between the prefent moment and next
quarterday. Addifon's Spectator, Ns 93.
Qua'rterdeck. n.f. [quarter and deck.] The fhort upper
deck.
Qua'rterly. adj. [from quarter.'] Containing a fourth part.
The moon makes four quarterly feafons within her little
year or month of confecution. Holder on Time.
From the obliquity of the ecliptick to the equator arife
the diurnal differences of the fun’s right afcenfion, which
finifh their variations in each quadrant of the ecliptick, and
this being added to the former inequality from eccentricity,
makes thefe quarterly and feemingly irregular inequalities of
natural days. Bentley.
Qua'rterly. adv. Once in a quarter of a year.
Quartermaster. n.f. [quarter and majlcr.] One who re¬
gulates the quarters of foldiers.
The quartcrmajler general was marking the ground for the
encampment of the covering army. Tatler, NS 62.
Quartern. n.f. A gill or the fourth part of a pint.
QuaRterstaef. n.f. A ftaff of defence: fo called, I be¬
lieve, from the manner of ufmg it; one hand being placed at
the middle, and the other equally between the middle and
the end.
His quarterjlaff\ which he could ne’er forfake.
Hung half before, and half behind his back. Dryden.
Immenfe riches he fquandered away at quarterjlaff and
cudgel play, in which he challenged all the country. Arbuth.
Qua'rtile. n.f. An afpedt of the planets, when they are
three figns or ninety degrees diftant from each other, and is
marked thus Harris.
Mars and Venus in a quartile move
My pangs of jealoufy for Ariet’s love. Dryden.
Qya'rto. n.f. [quartusy Lat.J A book in which every fheet,
being twice doubled, makes four leaves.
Our fathers had a juft value for regularity and fyftems ;
then folio’s and quarto’s were the fafhionable fizes, as volumes
in odtavo are now. Watts.
To Quash, v. a. [quaffen, Dutch ; fquacciarey Italian ; quaffoy
Latin.]
1. To crufh ; to fqueeze.
The whales
Againft fharp rocks like reeling veffels quaff'd.
Though huge as mountains, are in pieces dafh’d. JValler.
2. To fubdue fuddenly.
’Twas not the fpawn of fuch as thefe, T
That dy’d with Punick blood the conquer’d feas, C
And quaff'd the ftern iEacides. Rofcommon. )
Our fhe confederates keep pace with us in quaffing the re¬
bellion, which had begun to fpread itfelf among part of the
fair fex. Addifon's Freeholder, N° 15.
3. [Caffusy Lat.. caffcr, Fr.J To annul; to nullify ; to make
void: as, the indiiiment was qualhed.
To Quash, v. n. To be fhaken with a noife.
A thin and fine membrane ftrait and clofely adhering to
keep it from quaffing and fhaking. Ray on the Creation.
I he water in this dropfy, by a fudden jirk, may be heard
to quaff. _ Sharp's Surgery.
Quash, n.f. A pompion. Ainfworth.
QuaRergousins. As, they are not quater-coufms, as it is
commonly fpoken cater-coujinsy plus ne font pas de quatre coufmsy
they are not of the four firft degrees of kindred, that is, they
are not friends. Skinner.
Quaternary, n.f. [quaternarius, Lat.] The number four.
The objections againft the quaternary of elements and ter¬
nary of principles, needed not to be oppofed to much againft
the doCtrines themfelves. BoyIt.
QuateRnion. n.f. [quatemio, Lat.] The number four.
Air and the elements ! the eldeft birth
Of natures womb, that in quaternion run
Perpetual circle, multiform ; and mix
And nourifh all things ; let your ceafelefs change
Vary to our great maker ftill new praife. Milton.
I have not in this fcheme of thefe nine quaternions of confohants, diftinCt known .characters, whereby to exprefs them,
but mult repeat the fame. Holder s Elements of Speech.
Quate'rnity. n. f [quaternitst Lat.] The number four.
The number of four ftands much admired, not only in the
qualernity of the elements, which are the principles of bodies,
but in the letters of the name of God. Brown.
Qua'train. n.f [quatrainy Fr.j A ftanza of fout lines
rhyming alternately : as*
Say, Stella, what is love, whofe fatal pow’r
Robs virtue of content, and youth of joy ?
What nymph or goddefs in a lucklefs hour
Difclos’d to light the mifehief-making boy. Mr:. Mulffi.
> I have writ my poem in quatrains or itanza’S of four in al¬
ternate rhyme, becaufe I have ever judged them of greater
dignity for the found and number, than any other verfe in
ufe. Dryden,
To Qua'ver. v. n. [epavan, Saxon.]
1. To fhake the voice; to fpeak or fing with a tremulous
voice. t
Mifo fitting on the ground with her knees up, and her
hands upon her knees tuning her voice with many a quavering
cough, thus difeourfed. Sidneyy b. ii.
The divifion and quavering, which pleafe fo much in mufick, have an agreement with the glittering of light playing
upon a wave. Bacon's Nat. HijL
Now fportive youth
Carol incondite rhythms with fuiting notes,
And quaver unharmonious. Philips.
We lhall hear her quavering them half a minute after us,
to fome fprightly airs of the opera. Addifon.
2. To tremble ; to vibrate.
A membrane, ftretched like the head of a drum, is to re¬
ceive the impulfe of the found, and to vibrate or quaver ac¬
cording to its reciprocal motions. Ray on the Creation.
If the eye and the finger remain quiet, thefe colours vanifh
in a fecond minute of time, but if the finger be moved with
a quavering motion, they appear again. Newton s Upticks.
Quay. n.J. [quai, Fr.] A key ; an artificial bank to the fea
or liver, on which goods are conveniently unladen.
Quean, n.f [epean, Saxon, a barren cow; jjopepen, in the
laws of Canute, a ftrumpet.] A worthlefs woman, gene¬
rally a ftrumpet.
As fit as the nail to his hole, or as a fcolding quean to a
wrangling knave.’ Shakefp.
This well they underftand like cunning queansy
And hide their naftinefs behind the fcenes. Dryden;
Such is that fprinkling, which fome carelels quean
Flirts on you from her mop. Swift.
Quea'siness. n.f [from queajy.] The ficknefs of anaufeated
ftomach.
QUEA'SY. adj. [of uncertain etymology.]
1. Sick with naufea.
He, queajy with his infolence already.
Will their good thoughts call from him. Shakefp.
Whether a rotten ftate and hope of gain.
Or to difufe me from the queafy pain
Of being belov’d and loving,
Out-pufh me firft. Donne.
2. Faftidious ; lqueamifh.
I, with your two helps, will fo pra&ife on Benedict, that,
in defpight of his quick wit and his queafy ftomach, he fhali
fall in love with Beatrice. Shakefp.
The humility of Gregory the great would not admit the
ftile of biftiop, but the ambition of Boniface made no fcruple
thereof, nor have queajy refolutions been harboured in their
fucceifors ever fincc. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Men’s ftomachs are generally fo queajy in theie cafes, that
it is not fafe to overload them. Government cf the Tongue.
Without queftion.
Their confcience was too queajy of digeftion. Dryden.
3. Caufing naufeoufnefs.
I have one thing of a queafy queftion.
Which I mult a£t. Shakefp. King Lear.
To Queck. v. n. Tofhrink; to (how pain ; perhaps to com¬
plain.
The lads of Sparta were accuftomed to be whipped at altars,
without fo much as quecking. Bacon.
6 Queen.
4
QU E
Queen, n'.f. [cpert, Saxon, a woman, a wife, the wife of a
king.]
1. The wife of a king.
He was Iapt
In a moll curious mantle, wrought by the hand
Of his queen mother*. Sbakefp. Cymleline.
2. A woman who is fovereign of a kingdom.
That queen Elizabeth lived fixty-nine, and reigned forty-1
five years, means no mono than, that the duration of her
exigence was equal to fixty-nine, and the duration of her
government to forty-five annual revolutions of the fun. Lode.
Have I a queen
Part by my fellow rulers of the world ?
Have 1 refus’d their blood to mix with yours.
And raife new kings from fo obfeure a race ? t)ryden.
To Queen, v. n. To play the queen.
A threepence bow’d would hire me,
Old as I am, to queen it. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
Of your own ftate take care : this dream of mine,
Being now awake, I’ll queen it no inch farther,
But milk my ewes and weep. Sbakefp. Winter's Tale.
QyEEN-apple, n.f A fpecies of apple.
The queen-apple is of the fummer kind, and a good cyder
apple mixed with others. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Her cheeks with kindly claret fpread,
Aurora like new out of bed,
Or like the frefii queen-apple's fide,
Blufhing at fight of Phoebus’ pride-. Sidney, b. ii.
Quee'ning. n.f An apple.
The winter queening is good for the table. Mortimer.
QUEER, adj. [of this word the original is not known : a correfpondent fuppofes a queer man to be one who has a quaere
to his name in a lift.] Odd ; ftrange ; original; particular.
He never went to bed till two in the morning, becaufe he
would not be a queer fellow; and was every now and then
knocked down by a conftable, tofignalize his vivacity. Sped.
Quee'rly. adv. [from queer.'] Particularly; oddly.
Quee'rness. n.f [from queer.] Oddnefs ; particularity.
Que'est. n.f. [from quejlus, Lat. Skinner.] A ringdove ; a
kind of wild pigeon.
To QUELL, v. o. [cpellan, Saxon.] To crulh ; to fubdue j
originally, to kill.
What avails
Valour or ftrength, though matchlefs, quell'd with pain.
Which all fubdues, and makes remifs the hands
Of mightieft ? Milton s Par. Lojl, b. vi,
Compaffion quell'd
His belt of man, and gave him up to tears
A fpace ; till firmer thoughts reftrain’d excefs. Milton.
This quell'd her pride, but other doubts remain’d.
That once difdaining, {he might be difdain’d. Dryden.
He is the guardian of the publick quiet, appointed to reftrain violence, to quell feditions and tumults, and to preferve
that peace which prelerves the world. Atterbury.
To Quell, v. n. To die. SpenJ'er.
Quel-l. n.f. [from the verb.] Murder. Not in ufe.
What can not we put upon
His fpungy followers, who fhall bear the guilt
Of our great quell. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Que'ller. n.f. [from quell.] One that crufhes or fubdues.
Hail fon of the moil high,
fueller of Satan, on thy glorious work
Now enter. Milton's Paraaife Regain'd, b. iv.
LJUE'LhJUECHOSE. [French.] A trifle ; a kickfhaw.
From country grafs to comfitures of court,
Or city’s quelquechofes, let not report
My mind tranfport. Donne.
To Queme. v.n. [epeman, Saxon.] To pleafe. An old
wprd. Skinner.
To QUENCH. */. a,
l. To extinguifh fire.
Since ftream, air, fand, mine eyes and ears confpire.
What hope to quench, where each thing blows the fire. Sidn.
No Englifh foul
More ftronger to diredt you than yourfelf;
If with the lap of reafon you would quench,
Or but allay, the fire of paflion. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
This is the way to kindle, not to quench. Sbakefp.
A little fire is quickly trodden out.
Which, being luffer’d, rivers cannot quench. Sbakefp.
The fire had power in the water, forgetting his own virtue ;
and the water forgat his own quenching nature. Wifd. xix. 20.
Milk qucncheth wild-fire better than water, becaufe it
entreth better. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
Subdu’d in fire the ftubborn metal lies j
One draws and blows reciprocating air,
Others to quench the hiding mafs prepare. Dryden.
You have already quench'd fedition s brand,
And zeal, which burnt it, only warms the land. Dryden.
When your work is forged, do not quench it in water to
cool it, but throw it down upon the floor or hearth to cool ot
itfelf for the quenching of it in water will harden it, Moxon.
QU E
2. To ftill any pa/ficn or commotion.
But if all aim but this be lev* ll’d falfe,
' The fuppofition of the lady’s death
Will quench the wonder of her intamy. Shakejp ,
3. To allay thirft.
Every draught to him, that has quenched his thirft, is but a
further quenching of nature, a provifion for rheum and difcafes, a drowning of the fpirits. South.
4. To defttoy.
When death’s form appears, flic feareth not
An utter quenching or extinguifliment;
She would be glad to meet with fuch a lot,
Thatfo {he might all future ill prevent. Davies.
Covered with {kin and hair keeps it warm, being naturally
Very cold, and alfo to quench and diffipate the force of any
ftroke, and refund the edge of any weapon. Ray.
To Quench, v. n. To cool; to grow cool.
Doft thou think, in time
She will not quench, and let inftrudtions enter
Where folly now poftefles ? Sbakefp. Cymhelme.
Que'nchable. adj. [from quench.] That maybe quenched.
Qsue/ncher; n.f. [from quench.] Extinguifher; one that
quenches.
Quenchless, adj. [from quench.] Unextinguifhable.
Come, bloody Clifford, rough Northumberland,
I dare your quenchlefs fury to more rage. Sbakefp.
The judge of torments, and the king of tears,
He fills a burnifh’d throne of quenchlefs fire. Crajhaw.
Que'rele. n.f. [querela, Lati querelle,\ r.] A complaint to
a court.
A circumduction obtains not in caufes of appeal, but in
caufes .of firft inftance and fimpie querele only. Ayliffe,
Que'rent. n. f. [querens, Latin.] The complainant; the
plaintiff.
QUERIMONIOUS. adj. [querhnonia, Latin.] Querulous j
complaining.
QuERiMo niously. adv. [from querimonious.] Queruloufly %
with complaint.
To thee, dear Thom, myfelf addrefling,
Moft querimonioufly confefling. Denham.
QuerimoLmousness. n.f [from querimonious.] Complain¬
ing temper.
Querist, n.f. [from qihsro, Lat.] An enquirer; an afker
of queftions.
I {hall propofe fomeconfiderations to my gentlequerijl. Spec?,
The juggling fea god, when by chance trepan’d
By fome inftruited querijl fleeping on the ftrand.
Impatient of all anfwers, ftrait became
A ftealing brook. Swift's MifcellanicS',
Quern, n. f. [epeopn, Saxon.] A handmill.
Skim milk, and fometimes labour in the quern,
And bootlefs make the breathlefs hufwife churn. Shakeft.
Some apple-colour’d corn
Ground in fair querns, and fome did fpindles turn. Chapm.
Que'rpo. n. f. [corrupted from cuerpo, Spanifh.J A drefs
clofe to the body ; a waiftcoat.
I would fain fee him walk in querpo, like a cafed rabbit,
without his holy furr upon his back. Dryden.
Que'rry, for equerry, n. f. [ecuyer, Fr.] A groom belonging
to a prince, or ohe converfant in the king’s {tables, and having
the charge of his horfes ; alfo the {table of a prince. Bailey.
Que'rulous. adj. [queridus, Latin.] Mourning ; habitually
complaining.
Although they were a people by nature hard-hearted, que¬
rulous, wrathful and impatient of reft and quietnefs, yet was
there nothing of force to work the fubverlion of their ftate,
till the time before-mentioned was expired. Hooker.
The preffures of war have cowed their fpirits, as may be
gathered from the very accent of their words, w-hich they
prolate in a whining kind of querulous tone, as if ftill com¬
plaining and creft-fallen. Hoivel's Focal Forejl.
Though you give no countenance to the complaints of the
querulous, yet curb the infolence of the injurious. Locke.
Que/rulousness. n.f. [from querulous.] Habit or quality of
complaining mournfully.
Que'ry. n. f. [from queere, Lat.] A queftion ; an enquiry to
be refolved.
I fhall conclude, with propofing only fome queries, in order
to a farther fearch to be made by others. Newton.
This {hews the folly of this query, that might always be
demanded, that would impioufly and abfurdly attempt tQ tie
the arm of omnipotence from doing any thing at all becaufe'
it can never do its utmoft. " ’ Bentle •
To Que'ry. v. a. [from the noun.] To afk queftions
Three Cambridge fophs 4
Each prompt to query, anfwer and debate. Pni,
Quest. n.J. [quejlc, Fr.] 1
j. Search ; a£t of feeking.
None but fuch as this bold ape unblcft.
Can ever thrive in that unlucky queft. ’ Hubberd's Taly.
If lufty love ftiould go In cuejl of beauty,
hue ftiould he find it fairer than in Blanch. Sbakefp.
bait
Q_U E Q.U E
Milton.
Fair filver bulkin’d nymphs,
I know this quejl of yours and free intent
Was all in honour and devotion meant,
To the great miftrefs of your princely fhrine.
An aged man in rural weeds.
Following, as feem’d, the quejl of fome dray ewe. Mdtm.
One for all
Myfelf expofe, with lonely fteps to tread
Th’ unfounded deep, and the void immenfe
To fearch with wand ring ^a place foretold
Should be. Milton s Paradife Lojl, b. 11.
Since ftrft break of dawn, the fiend,
Mere ferpent in appearance, forth was come,
And on his quejl, where likelieft he might find
The only two of mankind. ,.rMllt°n.’
’Twould be not ftrange, {hould we find Paradife at this
day where Adam left it; and I the rather note this, becaufe
I fee there are fome fo earned: in quejl ot it. Woodward.
There’s not an African,
That traverfes our vaft Numidian .defarts
In quejl of prey, and lives upon his bow.
But better pra&ifes thefe boafted virtues. Addifon's Cato.
We fee them a&ive and vigilant in quejl of delight. SpeX.
2. [For inquefl.] An empanell’d jury.
What’s my offence ?
Where is the evidence, that doth accufe me ?
What lawful quejl have given their verdicft up
Unto the frowning judge. Sbakefp. Richard III.
3. Searchers. Collectively.
You have been hotly call’d for,
When, being not at your lodging to be found.
The fenate fent above three feveral quejls
To fearch you out. Sbakefp. Othello.
4. Enquiry ; examination.
O place and greatnefs ! millions of falfe eyes
Are ftuck upon thee ; volumes of report
Run with thefe falfe and moft contrarious quejls
Upon thy doings. Sbakefp. Meajure for Meafure.
5. Requeft ; defire ; folicitation.
Gad not abroad at every quejl and call
Of an untrained hope or pafiion. Herbert.
To Quest, v. n. [queter, Fr. from the noun.] Togo in
3Tct"l
Que'stant. n. f. [from quefler, Fr.] Seeker; endeavourer
after.
See, that you come
Not to woo honour, but to wed it; when
The braved: quefant fhrinks, find what you feek,
' That fame may cry you loud. Sbakefp.
QUE STION, n.f [quejlion, Fr. quaflio, Latin.]
1. Interrogatory; any thing enquired. . .
Becaufe he that knoweth lead: is fitted: to afk quefions, it is
more reafon for the entertainment of the time, that ye afk
me quefions, than that I afk you. Bacon.
2. Enquiry ; difquifition. #
It is to be put to quejhon^ whether it be lawful foi chnitian^
princes to make an invafive war fimply for the propagation of
the faith. Bacon’s Holy War.
3. A d.ifpute ; a fubject of debate:
There arofe a quejlion between fome of John’s difciples and
the Jews about purifying. J°‘ 25*
4. Affair to be examined.
In points of honour to be try’d,
Suppofe the quejlion not your own. Swift.
5. Doubt; controverfy; difpute..
This is not my writing,
Though I confefs much like the character :
But out of quejlion ’tis Maria’s hand. Sbakefp.
’Tis time for him to fhew himfelf, when his very being is
called m quejlion, and to come and judge the world, when
men begin to doubt whether he made it. Tillotjon.
The doubt of their being native impreflions on the mind,
is ftronger againft thefe moral principles than the other ; not
that it brings their truth at all in quejlion. # Lode.
Our own earth would be barren and defolate, without the
benign infiuence of the folar rays; which without quejlion is
true of all the other planets. Bentley.
6. Judicial trial. . ,
But whofoever be found guilty, the communion book hath
furely deferved lead: to be called in quejlion for this fault.
Hooker, b. v. f. 31.
7. Examination by torture.
Such a prefumption is only fufficient to put the perfon to
the rack or quejlion, according to the civil law, and not bring
him to condemnation. Ayliffe's Parergon.
8. State of being'the fubjecff of prefent enquiry.
If we being defendants do anfwer, that the ceremonies in
quejlion are godly, comely, decent, profitable for the church,
their reply is childifh and unorderly to fay, that we demand
the thing in quejlion, and fhew the poverty of our caufe, the
goodnefs whereof Wc are fain to beg that our adverfaries
would grant. Hooker, b. iv. f. 4*
If he had Paid, it would purchafe fix {hillings and three¬
pence weighty money, he had proved the matter in quejlion.
Locke.
Nor are thefe adertions that dropped from their pens by
chance, but delivered by them in places where they profefs to
ftate the points in quejlion. Atterbury s Preface.
9.Endeavour; fearch. Not in ufe.
As it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes,
So may he with more facile quejlion bear it;
For that it ftands not in fuch warlike brace.
But altogether lacks the abilities > ^
That Rhodes is drefs’d in. Sbakefp;
To Question, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To enquire.
Suddenly out of this delightful dream
The man awoke, and would have quejlion’dmore ;
But he would not endure the woful theme. Spenfer.
He that queftionetb much {hall learn, much, and content
much ; but efpecially if he apply his queftions to the {kill of
the perfons whom he afketh. Bacon s EJjays.
2. To debate by interrogatories.
I pray you think you quejlion with a Jew;
You may as well ufe queftion with the wolf.
Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb. Sbakefp.
To Question, v. a. [quejlionner, Fr.]
x. To examine one by queftions.
JpueJlion your royal thoughts, make the ca.eyours;
Be now the father, and propofe a fon ;
Hear your own dignity fo much prophan d ;
And then imagine me taking your part.
And in your pow’r fo filencing your fon. Sbakefp.
But hark you, Kate,
I muff not have you henceforth quejlion me.
Whither I go. ' Sbakefp. Henry IV, p.i.
This conftruftion is not fo undubitably to be received, as
not at all to be quejlioned. Brown’s V’vigor Errours.
2. To doubt ; to be uncertain of.
O impotent eftate of human life !
Where fleeting joy does lafting doubt infpire.
And molt we quejlion what we moft defire. Prior.
3. To have no confidence in ; to mention as not to be trufted.
Be a defign never fo artificially laid, if it chances to be de¬
feated by fome crofs accident, the man is then run down, his
counlels derided, his prudence quejlioned, and his perfon
defpifed. . : South’s Sermon.
Questionable, a'dj. [from quejlion.']
1. Doubtful; difputable.
Your accuftomed clemency will take in good worth, the
offer of thefe my Ample labours, beftowed for the neceflary
iuftification of laws heretofore made quefionable, becaufe not
perfectly underftood. Hooker s Dedication.
That perfons drowned float, the ninth day when their gall
breaketh, is a quefionable determination, both in the time
and caufe. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
It is quefionable, whether the ufe of fteel fprings was
known in thofe ancienttimes. Wilkins’s Math. Magick.
It is quefionable, whether Galen ever faw the diffettion
of a human body. _ Baker’s Reflexions on Learning.
2. Sufpicious ; liable to fufpicion ; liable to queftion.
Be thy advent wicked or charitable.
Thou corn’ll in fuch a quefionable lhape,
That 1 will fpeak to thee. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Questionary. adj. [from quejlion.] Enquiring ; aixing
I <mow laconick even beyond laconicilm ; lor fomeumes i.
return only yes or no to queflionary epiftles of halt a yaid
long. , PopetoSwJt
Que'stionableness. n.f. [from quejlion.] I he quality of
being queftionable.
Questioner, n.f. [from quejlion.] An enquirer.
Questionless, adv. [from quejlion.] Certainly; without
doubt. ,
fjueftionlefs hence it comes that many were miftaken. Ka*.
flucflionlejs duty moves not fo much upon command as
promife ; now that which propofes the greateft and mod fiatable rewards to obedience, and the greateft punilhments to
difobedience, doubtlefs is the moft likely to inforce the one
and prevent the other. out .
Que'stman. ? n.f. [quejl, man, and monger.] Starter ot
Que'stmonger. .) lawfuits or profecutions. .
Their principal working was upon penal laws, wherein
they fpared none, great nor fmall, but raked over all new an
old'ftatutes, having ever a rabble of promoters, quejlmongers,
and leading jurors at their command.
Que/strist. [from qufl.] Seeker ; purfuer.
Six and thirty of his knights,
Hot queflrijls after him, met him at the gate.
Are gone with him tow’rd Dover. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Que'stuary. adj. [from quajlus. La,.] Studiousof^profit.
Although lapidaries and quefluary enquirers affirm it, )«
the writer! of minerals conceive the feme of this name tobe
a mineral concretion, not to be found in animals.
9
CLU r Q U I
Quib. «./. A farcafm j a bitter taunt. Ainf. The fame per¬
haps with quip.
To Qui'bble. v. n. [from the noun.] To pun ; to play on
the found of words.
The firft fervice was neats tongues lliced, whicli the philofophers took occafion to difcourfe and quibble upon in a
grave formal way. . L Ejlrange.
OUI'BBLE. n.f. [from qmdlibet, i^atin.J A low conceit de¬
pending on the found of words; a pun.
This may be of great ufe to immortalize puns and quibbles,
and to let pofterity lee their forefathers were blockheads. Add.
Quirks or quibbles have no place in the fearch after truth.
Watts.
Qui'bbler. n.f. [from quibble.] A punfter.
QUICK. adj. [epic, Sakon.]
1. Living ; not dead.
They fwallowed us up quick, when their wrath was kindled
againft us. PJ'abn exxiv. 3.
If there be quick raw flelh in the rifings, it is an old leprofv. Lev. xiii. 10.
The quick and the dead. Common Prayer.
As the fun makes ; here noon, there day, there night
Melts wax, dries clay, makes flow’rs, fome quick, fome
dead. Davies.
Thence fhall come.
When this world’s diffolution fhall be ripe.
With glory and pow’r to judge both quick and dead. Milt.
2. Swift; nimble ; done with celerity.
Pravers whereunto devout minds have added a piercing
kind of brevity, thereby the better to exprefs that quick and
lpeedy expedition, wherewith ardent affedlions, the very
wings of prayer, are delighted to prefent our fuits in heaven.
. Hooker, b. y. f. 33.
3. Speedy ; free from delay.
Oft he to her his charge of quick return
Repeated. Milton’s Paraclife Lojl, b. ix.
4. A&ive ; fpritely ; ready.
A man of great fagacity in bufinefs, and he preferved fo
great a vigour of mind even to his death, when near eighty,
that fome, who had known him in his younger years, did
believe him to have much quicker parts in his age than
before. Clarendon.
A man mull have palled his noviciate in finning, before
he comes to this, be he never fo quick a proficient. South.
The animal, which is firft produced of an egg, is a blind
and dull worm; but that which hath its refurredfion thence,
is a quick eyed, volatile and fprightly fly. Grew’s Cofmol.
Quick, adv. Nimbly; fpeedily; readily.
Ready in gybes, quick anlwer’d, faucy, and
As quarrellous as the weazel. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
This fhall your underftanding clear
Thofe things from me that you fhall hear.
Conceiving much the quicker. Drayton’s Nymphid.
They gave thofe complex ideas, that the things they were
continually to give and receive information about, might be
the eafier and quicker underftood. Locke..
This is done with little notice, if we confider how very
quick the aclions of the mind are performed, requiring not
time, but many of them crowded into an inftant. Locke.
Quick, n.f.
1. A live animal.
Peeping clofe into the thick.
Might fee the moving of fome quick,
Whofe fhape appeared not;
But were it fairy, fiend or fnake.
My courage earned it to wake.
And manful thereat fhot. Spenfer.
2. The living flefh ; fenfible parts.
If Stanley held, that a fon of king Edward had ftill the
better right, it was to teach all England to lay as much ; and
therefore that fpeech touched the quick. Bacon.
Seiz’d with fudden {mart,
Stung to the quick, he felt it at his heart. Dryden.
The thoughts of this difgraceful compofition fo touches me
to the quick, that I cannot fleep. Arbuthnot’s Hifl. ofJ. Bull.
Scarifying gangrenes, by leveral incifions down to the
quick, is almoit univerfal, and with reafon, fince it not only
difcharges a pernicious ichor, but makes way for topical ap¬
plications. Sharp’s Surgery.
3. Living plants.
For inclofing of land, the moll ufual way is with a ditch
and bank fet with quick. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
QuFckbeam, or quickentree, n.f.
Anickbeam or wild forb, by fome called the Irifh alh, is a
fpeoesof wild afh, preceded by blolToms of an agreeable
pcent Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
To QUFCKEN. v. a. [cpiccan, Saxon.]
j. To make alive. „ ...
All they that go down into the dull, fhall kneel before him;
and no man hath quickened his own loul. Pfalmxxii. 30.
I will never forget thy commandments ; lor with them
thou hart quickened me. Pfahn cxix.
This my mean talk would be
As heavy to me, as ’tis odious ; but
The miftrefs which I ferve, quickens what’s dead,
And makes my labours pleafures. Shakefp. Tempejl.
To quicken with killing ; had my lips that power.
Thus would I wear them out. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
Fair foul, fince to the fairert body join’d
You give fuch lively life, fuch quick ning pow r,
And influence of fuch celeftial kind.
As keeps it ftill in youth’s immortal flower* Davies.
He throws
His influence round, and kindles as he goes ;
Hence flocks and herds, and men, and hearts and fowls
With breath are quicken'd, and attrail their fouls. Dryden.
2. Tohaften; to accelerate*
You may fooner by imagination quicken or flack a mo¬
tion, than raife or ceafe it; as it is eafier to make a dog go
flower, than to make him Hand ftill. Bacon s Nat. Hifl.
Others were appointed to confider of penal Jaws and pro¬
clamations in force, and to quicken the execution of the molt
principal. Hayward.
Though any commodity fhould Ihift hands never lo fait,
yet, if they did not ceafe to be any longer traffick, this would
not at all make or quicken their vent. Locke.
3. To fharpen ; to adluate ; to excite.
Though my fenfes were aftonilhed, my mind forced them
to quicken themfelves ; becaule I had learnt of him, how little
favour he is wont to fhew in any matter of advantage. Sidney.
It was like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that quickens
the appetite to enjoy fo tempting a prize. South.
They endeavour by brandy to quicken their tafte already
extinguifhed. Latler, N° 57.
, This review he makes ufe of, as an argument of great
force to quicken them in the improvement of thofe advantages
to which the mercy of God had called them by the gofpel.
Rogers’s Sermons»
The defire of fame hath been no inconfiderable motive to
quicken you in the purfuit of thofe adtions, which will bell
deferve it. Swift.
ToQui'cken. v. n.
1. To become alive : as, a woman quickens with child.
Thefe hairs, which thou doft ravilh from my chin,
Will quicken and accufe thee ; I’m your hoft;
With robbers hands, my hofpitable favour
You fhould not ruffle thus. Shakefp. King Lear.
They rub out of it a red dull, that converteth after a while
into worms, which they kill with wine when they begin to
quicken. Sandys’s Journey.
The heart is the firft part that quickens, and the laft that
dies. Ray on the Creation.
2. To move with adlivity.
Sees by degrees a purer blulh arife,
And keener lightnings quicken in her eyes: Pope;
Qui'ckener. n.f. [from quicken.\
1. One who makes alive.
2. That which accelerates; that which adluates. ^
Love and enmity, averfation and fear are notable whetters
and quickeners of the fpirit of life in all animals. More.
Qui'cklime. n. f. falx viva, Lat. quick and lime.] Lime
unquenched.
After burning the ftone, when lime is in its perfedl and un¬
altered ftate, it is called quicklime. Hill’s Materia Medica.
Qui'ckly, adv. [from quick.] Nimbly ; fpeedily ; adfively.
Thou com’ft to ufe thy tongue : thy ftory quickly. Shak.
Pleafure dwells no longer upon the appetite than the neceflities of nature, which are quickly and eafily provided for;
and then all that follows is an oppreffion. South•
Qui'ckness. n.f. [from quick.]
1. Speed ; velocity; celerity.
What any invention hath in the ftrength of its motion, is
abated in the flownefs of it; and what it hath in the extra¬
ordinary quicknefs of its motion, mull be allowed for in the
great ftrength that is required unto it. IVilkins.
Joy, like a ray of the fun, reflects with a greater ardour
and quicknefs, when it rebounds upon a man from the breaft
of his friend. South’s Sermons.
2. Adfivity; brifknefs.
The beft choice is of an old phyfician and a young lawyer ;
becaufe, where errors are fatal, ability of judgment and mo¬
deration are required ; but where advantages may be wrought
upon, diligence and quicknefs of wit. Wotton.
The quicknefs of the imagination is feen in the invention,
the fertility in the fancy, and the accuracy in the expreflion.
Dryden.
3. Keen fenfibility.
Would not quicknefs of fenlation be an inconvenience to an
animal, that muft lie ftill. Locke.
4. Sharpnefs ; pungency.
Thy gen’rous fruits, though gather’d ere their prime,
Still ihew d a quickncjs y and maturing time
Lut mellows what we write to the dull fwcets of rhime
Dryden.
21 A Ginger
:i
QU l QU I
Cjinger renders it trifle, and corre&s its windinefs, and
juice of corinths whereof a few drops tinge and add a pleafant qiricknefs. Mortimer's Hufandry*
Qui'cksand. n.f. [quick and /and.J Moving fand ; unfolid
ground.
What is Edward, but a ruthlefs fea ?
What Clarence, but a quickfand of deceit ? Shakefp,
Undergirding the fliip, and fearing left they fhould fall into
the quickjands, they drake fail, and fo were driven. ^f?rxxvii.
But when the veflel is on quickfands caft.
The flowing tide does more the finking hafte. Dryden.
Trajan, by the adoption of Nerva, ftems the tide to her
relief, and Hke another Neptune Ihoves her off the quickfands. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
I have marked out feveral of the fhoals and quickfands of
life, in order to keep the unwary from running upon them.
Addifon.
To Qui'ckset. v. a. [quick and ft.] To plant with living
plants.
In making or mending, as needeth thy ditch.
Get fet to quickfet it, learn cunningly which. Tuffer.
A man may ditch and quickft three poles a day, where
the ditch is three foot wide and two foot deep. Mortimer.
Qy/CKSET. n. f. [quick and ft.] Living plant fet to
grow.
Plant quickfets and tranfplant fruit trees towards the decreafe. Evelyn's Kalendar.
Nine in ten of the quickft hedges are ruined for want of
fkill. Swift's Mifcellanies.
Quicksi'ghteI). aclj. [quick and fight.J Having a (harp
fight.
No body will deem the quickeffghted amongft them to have
very enlarged views in ethicks. Locke.
No article of religion hath credility enough for them ; and
yet thefe fame cautious and quickfghted gentlemen can fwallow
down this fottifh opinion about percipient atoms. Bentley.
Qui'cksightedness. n.f. [from quickfghted.] Sharpnefs of
fight. . _
The ignorance that is in us no more hinders the know¬
ledge that is in others, than the blindnefs of a mole is an ar¬
gument againft the quickfghtednefs of an eagle. Locke.
Quicksilver, n.f. [quick andJilver ; argentum vivum, Lat.]
Quickflver, called mercury by the chymifts, is a naturally
fluid mineral, and the heavieft of all known bodies next to
gold, and is the more heavy and fluid, as it is more pure ; its
nature is fo homogene and limple, that it is a queftion whether
gold itfelf be more fo : it penetrates the parts of all the other
metals, renders them brittle, and in part diffolves them: it
is wholly volatile in the fire, and may be driven up in vapour
by a degree of heat very little greater than that of boiling
water: it is the leaft tenacious of all bodies, and every fmaller
drop may be again divided by the lighteft touch into a multi¬
tude of others, and is the moft divilible of all bodies : mer¬
cury very readily mixes with gold, filver, lead and tin, by
cbymical operations, but not without difficulty with copper
and iron ; and it mixes eafily with zink and bifmuth among
the femimetals : the fpecifick gravity of pure mercury is to
water as 14020 to iooo, and as it is the heavieft of all fluids,
it is alfo the coldeft, and when heated the hotteft : of the va¬
rious ores, in which mercury is found, cinnabar is the richeft
and moft valuable, which is extremely heavy, and of a bright
and beautiful red colour : native cinnabar is principally found
in the mines of Friuli, belonging to the Venetians, in Italy,
and fome others in Spain, Hungary, and the Eaft Indies :
quickflver is alfo found fometimes in its pure and fluid ftate
lodged in cavities of hard ftones in the cinnabar mines, and
the purer ores are chiefly compofed of cinnabar in fmall quan¬
tities, mixed with various other fubftances : the ancients all
efteemed quickflver a poifon, nor was it brought into internal
ufe till about two hundred and twenty years ago, which was
firft occafioned by the Ihepherds, who ventured to give it their
Iheep to kill worms, and as they received no hurt by it, it
was foon concluded, that men might take it fafely : in time,
the diggers in the mines, when they found it crude, fwallowed it in vaft quantities, in order to fell it privately, when
they had voided it by ftool : but too free a ufe of fo powerful
a medicine cannot be always without danger; the miners
feldom follow their occupation above three or four years, and
then die in a moft miferable condition; and the artificers,
who have much dealing in it, are generally feized with paralytick diforders: however, under proper regulation, it is
a moft excellent medicine. Hill's Materia Medica.
Mercury is very' improperly called a metal, for though it
has weight and fimilarity of parts, it is neither diffolvable by
fire, malleable nor fixed ; it feems to conftitute a particular
clais of foffils, and is rather the mother or bafis of all metals,
than a metal itfelf: mercury is of confiderable ufe in gilding,
making looking-glaffes, in refining gold, and various other
mechanical operations befides medicine. Chambers.
Cinnabar maketh a beautitul purple like unto a red rofe •
the beft was wont to be made in Libia of brimftone and quickfuver burnt. Peacham on Drawing.
3
' Qui'cksilvered. adj, [from quickflver.] Overlaid with
quickfilver.
Metal is more difficult to polifh than glafs, and is after¬
wards very apt to be fpoiled by tarnifhing? and refledts not fo
much light as glafs quickflvered over does : I would propound
to ufe inftead of the metal a glafs ground concave on the forefide, and as much convex on the backiide, and quickflvered
over on the convex fide. Neu/tons Upticks.
QUI'DAM. [Latin.] Somebody.
tor envy of fo many worthy quidarns, which catch at the
garland, which to you alone is due, you will be perfuaded to
pluck out of the hateful darknefs thofe fo many excellent poems
of yours, which lie hid, and bring them forth to eternal
light* > Spenjer,
Qui'ddany. n.f. [cydonium, cydoniatum, Lat. quidden, German,
a quince.] Marmalade ; confedtion of quinces made with
fugar.
Qui'ddit. n. f. [corrupted from quidlibet, I,at. or from
que dit, Fr.J A fubtilty ; an equivocation. A low word.
Why may not that be the fkull of a lawyer ? where be his
quiddits now ? his quillets? his cafes ? and his tricks ? Shak
Qu i'ddity. n. f. [quidditas, low Latin.]
1. Effence ; that which is a proper anfwer to the queftion, quid
ejl ? a fcholaftick term.
He could reduce all things to adls,
A.nd knew their natures and abftradts.
Where entity and quiddity,
The ghofts of defundt bodies fly. Hudibras, p. i.
2. A trifling nicety; a cavil ; a captious queftion.
Mifinomer in our laws, and other quiddities, I leave to the
profeffors of law. Camden's Remains.
Qui'escence. n.f. [from quiefco, Lat.] Reft; repofe.
Whether the earth move or reft, I undertake not to deter¬
mine : my work is to prove, that the common inducement to
the belief of its quiefcence, the teftimony of fenfe, is weak
and frivolous. Glanvill's Scepf
Quiescent, adj. [quiefeens, Latin.] Refting; not being m
motion ; not movent; tying at repofe.
Though the earth move, its motion muft needs be as infenfible as if it were quiefeent. Glanvill's Scepf
The right fide, from whence the motion of the body beginneth, is the adlive or moving fide; but the finifter is the
weaker or more quiefeent fide. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Sight takes in at a greater diftance and more variety at
once, comprehending alfo quiefeent objedts, which heanng
does not. Holder's Elements of Speech.
If it be in fome part movent, and in fome part quiefcent9
it muft needs be a curve line, and fo no radius. Grew.
Preffion or motion cannot be propagated in a fluid in ri^ht
lines beyond an obftacle which flops part of the motion, but
will bend and fpread every way into the quiefeent medium,
which lies beyond the obftacle. Newton's Opticks.
QUTET. adj. [quiet, Fr. quietus, Latin.]
1. Still; free from difturbance.
Breaking off the end for want of breath.
And flyding foft, as down to fleep her laid.
She ended all her woe in quiet death. pa. Queen.
This life is beft,
If quiet life is beft ; fweeter to you,
That have a (harper known. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
2. Peaceable; not turbulent; not offenfive ; mild.
Let it be in the ornament of a meek and quiet fpirit. 1 Pet.
3. Still; not in motion.
They laid wait for him, and were quiet all the night.
Judges xvi. 2.
4. Smooth ; not ruffled.
Happy is your grace.
That can tranflate the ftubbornefs of fortune
Into fo quiet and fo fweet a ftyle. Shakefp.
Qui'et. n.f. [quieSf Lat.] Reft; repofe; tranquillity; free¬
dom from difturbance ; peace ; fecui ity.
They came into Lailh unto a people that were at quiet
and fecure. Judges xviii. 27.
There fix’d their arms, and there renew’d their name,
And there in quiet rules. Dryden's JEneis.
Indulgent quiet, pow’r ferene,
Mother of joy and love. Hughes.
To Qui'et. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To calm ; to lull; to pacify; to put to reft.
The loweft degree of faith, that can quiet the foul of man,
is a firm convidlion that God is placable. Eorbcs.
2. Toftill.
Putting together the ideas of moving or quieting corporeal
motion, joined to lubftance, we have the idea of an imma¬
terial fpirit. Locke.
Quj'eter. n.f. [from quiet.] The perfon or thing that quiets.
Qui'etism. n.f [from quiet.]
What is called by the poets apathy or difpaffion, bv the
fcepticks indifturbance, by the Molinifts quietifn, by common
men peace of confidence, feems all to mean but great tran¬
quility of mind. Temple.
Qui'etly.
Qui'etly. adv. [from quiet.']
1. Calmly : without violent emotion.
Let no man for his own poverty become more opprefling
in his bargain, but quietly, modeftly and patiently recommend
his eftate to God, and leave the fuccefs to him. Taylor.
2. Peaceably ; without offence.
Although the rebels had behaved themfelves quietly and
modeftly by the way as they went; yet they doubted that
would but make them more hungry to fall upon the fpoil in
the end. _ Bacon s Henry VII.
At reft ; without agitation.
Qoi'etness. n.f. [from quiet.]
x. Coolnefs of temper.
This cruel quietnefs neither returning to miflike nor pro¬
ceeding to favour; gracious, but gracious ftill after one
manner. . Sidney, b. ii.
That which we move for our better inftrutftion fake,
turneth into anger and choler in them ; they grow altogether
out of quietnefs with it; they anfwer fumingly. Hooker.
2. Peace ; tranquillity.
Stop effufion of our chriftian blood,
And ’ftablifh quietnefs on ev’ry fide. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
What miferies have both nations avoided, and what quiet¬
nefs and fecurity attained by their peaceable union? Hayward.
3. Stilnefs; calmnefs.
Qui'etsome. adj. [from quiet.] Calm; ftill; undifturb.ed.
Not in ufe.
Let the night be calm and quietfome,
Without tempeftuous ftorms or fad affray. Spenrer.
Qui'etude. n.J. [quietude, Fr. from quiet.J Reft; repofe ;
tranquillity. Not in common ufe.
From the equal diftribution of the phlegmatick humour,
the proper allay of fervent blood, will flow a future quietude
and ferenitude in the affections. JVotton on Education.
Quill, n.f.
1. The hard and ftrong feather of the wing, of which pens are
made.
Birds have three other hard fubftances proper to them ;
the bill, which is of a like matter with the teeth, the {hell
of the egg, and their quills. Bacon’s Nat. Hiflory.
2. The instrument of writing.
I will only touch the duke’s own deportment in that ifland,
the proper fubje£t of my quill. JVotton's Buckingham.
Thofe lives they fail’d to refeue by their fkill.
Their mufe would make immortal with her quill. Garth.
From him whofe quills ftand quiver’d at his ear,
To him that notches flicks at Weftminfter. Pope.
3. Prick or dart of a porcupine.
Near thefe was the black prince of Monomotapa, by whofe
fide was feen the quill darting porcupine. Arbutb. and Pope.
4. Reed on which weavers wind their threads.
The prefumptuous damfel rafhly dar’d
The goddefs’ felf to challenge to the field.
And to compare with her in curious fkill,
Of works with loom, with needle, and with quill. Spenfer.
5. The inftrument with which muficians ftrike their firings.
His flying fingers and harmonious quill
Strike fev’n diftinguifh’d notes, and fev’n at once they fill.
Dryden's Mneis.
QuiTlet. n.f. [quidlibet, Lat.] Subtilty; nicety; fraudu¬
lent diftindtion.
Why may not that be the fkull of a lawyer ? where be his
quiddits now ? his quillets ? his cafes ? and his tricks ? Shak.
A great foul weighs in the fcale of reafon, what it is to
judge of, rather than dwell with too fcrupulous a diligence
upon little quillets and niceties. Digby.
Ply her with love letters and billets,
And bait them well for quirks and quillets. Hudibras.
Quilt, n.f. [couette, Fr. kulcht, Dutch ; culcita, culcitra, Lat.J
A cover made by Hatching one cloth over another with fome
foft fubftance between them,
guilts of rofes and fpices are nothing fo helpful, as to take
a cake of new bread, and bedew it with a little fack. Bacon.
In both tables, the beds were covered with magnificent
quilts amongft the richer fort, Arbuthnot on Coins.
She on the quilt finks with becoming woe.
Wrapt in a gown, for ficknefs and for fhow. Pope.
To Quilt, v. a. [from the noun.] To flitch one cloth upon
another with fomething foft between them.
The (harp fteel arriving forcibly
On his horfe neck before the quilted fell.
Then from the head the body fundred quite. Fairy ghieen.
A bag quilted with bran is very good, but it drieth too
much. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Entellus for the ftrife prepares.
Strip’d of his quilted coat, his body bares,
Compos’d of mighty bone. Dryden's Adneis.
A chair was ready,
So quilted, that he lay at eafe reclin’d. Dryden.
Mayn’t I quilt my rope ? it galls my neck. Arbuthnot.
Quinary, adj. [quinarius, Lat.J Confifting of five.
This quinary number of elements ought to have been reftrained to the generality of animals and vegetables. Boyle»
Quince, n.f. [coin, Fr. quidden*, German,']
1. The tree.
The quince tree is of a low ftature ; the branches are
tliffufed and crooked ; the flower and fruit is like that of the
pear treee ; but, however cultivated, the fruit is four and
aftringent; arid is covered with a kind of down : of this the
fpecies are fix; Miller.
2. The fruit.
They call fdr dates and quinces in the paftry. Sbakefp.
A quince, in token of fruitfulnefs, by the laws of Solon;
was given to the brides of Athens upon the day of their
marriage. Peachatn on Drawing‘.
To Quinch. v. n. [this word feems to be the fame with queech±
winch and queck.] Toftir; to flounce as in refentment or pain.
Beftow all my foldiers in fuch fort as I have, that no part
of all that realm fhall be able to dare to quinch'. Spenfer.
Quincuncial. adj. [from quincunx.] Having the form of a
quincunx.
Of a pentagonal or quincuncial difpofition. Sir Thomas
Brown produces feveral examples in his difeourfe about the
Jgjxr^rnrX*V„ . Rad the Creation.
JffUl NCUNX. n.f. [Latin.]
. Quincunx order is a plantation of trees, difpofed originally
ln 3 ^[difting of five trees, one at each corner, and
a fifth in the middle, which difpofition, repeated again and
again, forms a regular grove, wood or wiidernefs ; and, when
viewed by an angle of the fquare or paralellogram, prefentS
equal or parallel alleys.
Brown produces leveral examples in his difeourfe about the
quincunx. Ray on the Creation.
He whofe light mng pierc’d th’ Iberian lines,
Now forms my quincunx, and now ranks my vines; Pot>e;
SymmjAGElUMA. [Latin.] Quinquagef.ma Tndaf fo
called becaufe it is the fiftieth day before Eafter, reckoned
by whole numbers ; flirove funday. Did?,
Quinqua'ngular. adj, [quinque and angulus, Lat.J Having
five corners. J ®
Each talus, environed with a cruft, conforming itfelf to
the fides of the talus, is of a figure quinquangular. JVoodw.
Exactly round, ordinately quinquangular, or having the fides
parallel. More's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
Quinquart1 cular. ad], [quinque and articulus, Lat.J Con¬
fining of five articles.
They have given an end to the quinquarticular controverfy,
for none have iince undertaken to fay more. SanderJon.
Qui'nquefid. adj. [quinque*nd findo, Lat.J Cloven in five.’
Quinquefoliated. adj. [quinque andfolium, Lat.J Having
five leaves. J ®
Qijinque'nnial. adj. [quinquennis, Lat.J Lafting five years ;
happening once in five years. 0 J *
QuEnsy. n.f [corruptedfromfquinancy.] A tumid inflam¬
mation in the throat, which fometimes produces fuffocation.
The thiottling quinjey ’tis my ftar appoints.
And rheumatifms I fend to rack the joints. Dryden.
Gieat heat and cold, fucceeding one another, occafion
pleurifies and quinfies. Arbuthnot on Air.
Quint, n.f. [quint, Fr.J A fet of five.
For ftate has made a quint
Of generals he's lifted in’t. Hudibras, p. Hi.
Qu1 NTain. n.f. [quintain, Fr.J A poft with a turning top.
bee Quintin. ° r
My better parts
Are all thrown down; and that, which here ftands up
Is but a quintain, a mere lifeleft block. ShaLh
QUINTESSENCE. *.f. [quinta ejfentia, Lat.J JP
1. A fifth being.
From their grofs matter flue abftradts the forms.
And draws a kind of quinleffence from things. ’ Davies
The ethereal quintefj'ence of heav’n
Flew upward, fpirited with various forms,
That rowl’d orbicular, and turn’d to ftars. Milton
They made fire, air, earth, and water, to be the four ele-*
ments, of which all earthly things were compounded, and
fuppoled the heavens to be a quintefjence or fifth fort of body
diftina from all thefe. Logic!.
2. An extraft from anything, containing all its virtues in a
fmall quantity.
To me what is this quintejfence of duft ? man delights not
me, nor woman neither. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Who can in memory, or wit, or will,
Or air, or fire, or earth, or water find ?
What alchymift can draw, with all his fkill,
The quintefj'ence of thefe out of the mind. K •
For I am a very dead thine, trotes*
In whom love wrought new alchymy,
For by his art he did exprefs
A quinteffence even from nothino-nefs
From dull privations and lean emptlnefs n
Paracelfus, by the help of an inT.lr ,. , Dmn?*
parate the quinteffence of wine 6 C° ^ teaches *£ ie‘
'ighu,! faid'G<xl’ ar>l forthwith light ^
Ethereal, firft of things, quinujence pure.
Sprung from the deep. Milton's Paradife Loft, b. vii.
When
QJJ I Q.U I
When the fupreme faculties move regularly, the inferior
paflions and aftedlions following, there arifes a ferenity and
complacency upon the whole foul, infinitely beyond the greateft
bodily pleafures, the higheft quintejfence and elixir of worldly
delights. South's Sermons.
Quintessential, adj. [from quintejfence.] Confifting of
quinteflence.
Venturous aflertions as would have puzzled the authors to
have made them good, fpecially confidering that there is no¬
thing contrary to the quintefj'ential matter and circular figure
of the heavens ; fo neither is there to the light thereof. Hakew.
QuFntin. n.f. [I know not whence derived; Minjhew de¬
duces it from quintus, Lat. and calls it a game celebrated
• every fifth year; palus quintanus, Lat. Ainf. quintaine, Fr.]
An upright poft, on the top of which a crofs port turned
upon a pin, at one end of the crofs poft was a broad board,
and at the other a heavy fand bag; the play was to ride
againft the broad end with a lance, and pafs by before the fand
bag; coming round, fheuld ftrike the tilter on the back.
At quiniin he.
In honour of his bridaltee.
Hath challeng’d either wide countee ;
Come cut and long tail, for there be
Six batchelors as bold as he,
Adjuting to his company.
And each one hath his livery. Benj. JohnJon.
Quintuple, n.f. [quintuplus, Lat.] Fivefold.
In the country, the greateft proportion of mortality, one
hundred and fifty-fix, is above quintuple unto twenty-eight the
leaft. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
Quip. n. f. [derived, by the etymologifts, from whip.~\ A
fharp jeft ; a taunt; a farcafm.
Notwithftanding all her fudden quips,
The leaft whereof would quell a lover’s hope.
Yet, fpaniel like, the more ftie fpurns my love.
The more it grows, and fawneth on her ftill. Shakefp.
If I fent him word his beard was not well cut, he would
fend me word, he cut it to pleafe himfelf: this is called the
quip modeft. Shakefp. As You Like it.
Nymph bring with thee
Jeft and youthful jollity,
Philips, and cranks, and wanton wiles,
Nods, and becks, and wreathed fmiles. Milton.
To Quip. v. a. To rally with bitter farcafms. Ainfworth.
QUIRE, n.f. [choeur, Fr. choro, Italian.]
1. A body of fingers ; a chorus.
The trees did bud and early blofloms bore.
And all the quire of birds did fweetly fing.
And told that garden’s pleafures in their caroling. Fa. Shi.
Myfelf have lim’d a bufh for her,
And plac’d a quire of fuch enticing birds.
That fhe will light to liften to their lays. Shakefp.
At thy nativity a glorious quire
Of angels in the fields of Bethlehem fung
To fhepherds watching at their folds by night.
And told them the Mefliah now was born. Milton.
I may worfhip thee
For ay, with temples vow’d and virgin quires. Milton.
As in beauty fhe furpafs’d the quire,
So nobler than the reft was her attire. Dryden.
2. The part of the church where the fervice is fisng.
I am all on fire.
Not all the buckets in a country quire
Shall quench my rage. Cleaveland.
Some run for buckets to the hallow’d quire,
Some cut the pipes, and fome the engines play. Dryden.
The fox obfceae to gaping tombs retires.
And wolves with howling fill the facred quires. Pope.
3. [Cahier, Fr.] A bundle of paper confifting of twenty-four
fheets.
To Quire, v. n. [from the noun.] To fing in concert.
There’s not the fmalleft orb which thou behold’ft.
But in his motion like an angel fings.
Still quiring to the young-ey’d cherubims. Shakefp.
My throat of war be turn’d
Which quired with my drum, into a pipe
Small as an eunuch, or the virgin’s voice
That babies lulls afleep. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Qui'rister. n.f. [from quire.] Chorifter j one who fings
in concert, generally in divine lervice.
The coy quirijters, that lodge within,
Are prodigal of harmony. Thomfon's Spring.
Quirk, n.f [of this word I can find no rational derivation.]
1. Quick ftroke ; fharp fit.
I’ve felt fo many quirks of joy and grief.
That the firft face of neither on the ftart.
Can woman me unto’t. Shakefp.
2. Smart taunt.
Some kind of men quarrel purpofely on others to tafte their
valour ; belike, this is a man of that quirk. Shakefp.
I may chance to have fome odd quirks and remnants of wit
broken on me. Shakefp.
Conceits, puns, quirks or quibbles, jefts and repartees
may agreeably entertain, but have no place in the fearch alter
truth. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
3. Subtilty ; nicety ; artful diftindlion.
Moft fortunately he hath atchiev’d a maid.
That paragons del'cription and wild fame,
One that excels the quirks of blazoning pens. Shakefp.
Let a lawyer tell them he has fpied fome defedt in an en¬
tail ; how folicitous are they to repair that error, and leave
nothing to the mercy of a law quirk ? Decay of Piety.
Ply her with love letters and billets.
And bait them well for quirks and quillets. Hudilras.
There are a thoufand quirks to avoid the ftroke of the
law. L'Efrange's Fables.
4. Loofe lighttune.
Now the chappel’s filver bell you hear,
That fummons you to all the pride of pray’r ;
Light quirks of mufick, broken and uneven. Pope.
To Quit. v. a. part, patT.quit; pret. I have quit or quitted.
[quiter, Fr. quitare, Italian ; quitar, Spanifh.]
1. To difeharge an obligation; to make even.
We will be quit of thine oath, which thou haft made us
to fwear. Jof. ii. 20.
By this adl, old tyrant,
I fhall be quit with thee ; while I was virtuous,
I was a ftranger to thy blood, but now
Sure thou wilt love me for this horrid crime. Denham.
To John I ow’d great obligation ;
But John, unhappily, thought fit
To publifh it to all the nation ;
Sure John and I are more than quit. Prior.
2. To fet free.
Thou art quit from a thoufand calamities; therefore let
thy joy, which fhould be as great for thy freedom from them,
as is thy fadnefs when thou feeleft any of them, do the fame
cure upon thy difeontent. Taylor.
Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong
I/ife much : bent rather how I may be quit
Faireft and eafieft of this cumb’rous charge. Milton.
To quit you wholly of this fear, you have already looked
death in the face ; what have you found fo terrible in it.
Wake.
3. To carry through ; to difeharge ; to perform.
Never worthy prince a day did quit
With greater hazard, and with more renown. Daniel.
4. To clear himfelf of an affair.
Samfon hath quit himfelf
Like Samfon, and heroickly hath finilh’d
1 A life heroick, on his enemies
Fully reveng’d hath left them years of mourning. Milton.
5. To repay ; to requite.
He fair the knight faluted, louting low.
Who fair him quitted, as that courteous was. Fa. fhteeti.
Enkindle all the fparks of nature.
To quit this horrid a£t. Shakefp. King Lear.
6. To vacate obligations.
For our reward.
All our debts are paid; dangers of law,
Actions, decrees, judgments againft us quitted. B. Johnf.
One ftep higher
Would fet me higheft, and in a moment quit
The debt immenfe of endlefs gratitude. Milton.
7. To pay any obligation ; to clear a debt; to be tantamount.
They both did fail of their purpofe, and got not fo much
as to quit their charges; becaufe truth, which is the fecret of
the moft high God, whofe proper handy-work all things are,
cannot be compafled with that wit and thofe fenfes which are
our own. Hooker, b. i.
Far other plaints, tears and laments
The time, the place, and our eftates require,
Think on thy fins, which man’s old foeprefents
Before that judge that quits each foul his hire. Fairfax.
Does not the air feed the flame ? and does not the flame
at the fame time warm and enlighten the air ? and does not
the earth quit fcores with all the elements in the noble fruits
that iflue from it. South's Sermons.
Still I fhall hear, and never quit the fcore,
Stunn’d with hoarfe Codrus’ Thefeid o’er and o’er. Dryd.
Iron works ought to be confined to certain places, where
there is no conveyance for timber to places of vent, fo as to
quit the coft of the carriage. Temple's Mifcellanies.
8. [Contradled from acquit.] To abfolve ; to acquit.
Nor further feek what their offences be,
Guiltlefs I quit, guilty I fet them free. Fairfax.
9. To abandon; to forfake.
Their father,
Then old and fond of iffiie, took fuch forrow,
That he quit being. Shakejp. Cymbeline.
Honours are promis’d
To all will quit ’em ; and rewards propos’d
Even to flaves that can detedl their courfes. Benj. Johnfon.
Such I
QUO QUO
Such variety of arguments only diflradl the underflanding,
fuch a fuperficial way of examining is to quit truth for ap¬
pearance, only to ferve our vanity. * Locke.
to. To relign; to give up
Prior.
The prince, renown’d in bounty as in arms,
With pity faw the ill-conceal’d dillrefs.
Quitted his title to Campafpe’s charms,
And gave the fair one to the friend’s embrace.
Qui'tchcrass. n.f. [cpice, Saxon.] Dog grafs.
They are the bell corn to grow on grounds fubjedl to
quitchgrafs or other weeds. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Quite, adv. [this is derived, by the etymologills, from quitte,
difeharged, tree, fir. which however at firfl appearance un¬
likely is much iavoured by the original ufeof the word, which
was, in this combination, quite and clean ; that is, with a
clean riddance : its prefent fignification was gradually intro¬
duced.] Completely; perfectly.
Thole latter exclude not the former quite and clean as unnecellary. Hooker, b. i.
He hath fold us, and quite devoured our money. Gen. xxxi.
If fome foreign ideas will oiler themfelves, rejedt them,
and hinder them from running away with our thoughts quite
from the fubjedl in hand. Locke.
The fame actions may be aimed at different ends, and arife
from quite contrary principles. Addijon's Spectator.
Qui'trent. n. f [quit and rent.] Small rent referved.
Such a tax would be infenfible, and pafs but as a fmall
quitrent, which every one would be content to pay towards
the guard of the feas. Temple's Mifcellanies.
My old mailer, a little before his death, wilhed him joy
of the ellate which was falling to him, defiring him only to
pay the gifts of charity he had left as quitrents upon the
ellate. Addifon's Spectator, NQ 517.
Quits, interj. [from quit.] An exclamation ufed when any
thing is repayed and the parties become even.
Qu i'ttance. n.f. [quitance,Yx.]
1. Dilcharge from a debt or obligation ; an acquitance.
Now I am rememb’red, he fcorn’d at me !
But that’s all one ; omittance is no quittance. Shakefp.
2. Recompence; return ; repayment.
Mine eyes faw him in bloody Hate,
Rend’ring faint quittance, wearied and outbreath’d.
To Henry Monmouth. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. ii.
Plutus, the god of gold.
Is but his Howard ; no meed but he repays
Sevenfold above itfelf; no gift to him
But breeds the giver a return exceeding
All ufe of quittance. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
We lhall forget the office of our hand.
Sooner than quittance of defert and merit. Shakefp.
To Quittance, v. a. [from the noun.] To repay; to recompenfe. A word not ufed.
Embrace me then this opportunity.
As fitting bell to quittance their deceit. Shakefp..
Qui'tter. n.f.
1. A deliverer. Ainfworth.
2. Scoria of tin. Ainfworth.
Qui'tterbone. n.f.
Quitterbone is a hard round fwelling upon the coronet, be¬
tween the heel and the quarter, and grows moll commonly
on the infide of the foot. Farrier s Did?.
QUI'VER. n.f. [this word feems to be corrupted from couvrir,
Fr. or cover.] A cafe for arrows.
As Dianne hunted on a day.
She chanc’d to come where Cupid lay.
His quiver by his head.
One of his fhafts Ibe Hole away.
And one of hers did dole convey
Into the other’s Head ;
With that love wounded my love’s heart.
But Dianne bealls with Cupid’s dart. Spenfer.
Diana’s nymphs would be arrayed in white, their arms and
fhoulders naked, bows in their hands, and quivers by their
hdes. Peacham on Drawing.
Her founding quiver on her Ihoulder ty’d.
One hand a dart, and one a bow fupply’d. Dryden.
Qui'ver. adj. Nimble ; adive.
There was a little quiver fellow, and he would manage you
his piece thus ; and he would about and about. sloakefp.
To Qui'ver. v. n.
1. To quake ; to play with a tremulous motion.
The birds chaunt melody on every bulh.
The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind. Shakefp.
O'er the pommel call the knight.
Forward he flew, and pitching on his head,
He quiver'd with his feet, and lay lor dead. Dryden.
With what a fpring his furious foul broke loofe,
And left the limbs Hill quivering on the ground. Addifon.
Eurydice with qiuv ring voice he mourn’d,
And Heber’s banks Eurydice return’d. Gay's Trivia.
Dancing fun beams on the waters play’d,
And verdant alders form’d a quiv'ring lhade. Pope.
The dying gales that pant upon the trees,
The lakes that quiver to the curling breeze. Pape.
2. To Ihiver; to Ihudder.
Zelmane would have put to her helping hand, but Ihe was
taken with fuch a quivering, that fhe thought it more wifdom
to lean herfelf to a tree and look on. Sidney, b. ii.
QuVvered. adj. [from quiver.]
1. Furnilhed with a quiver.
’Tis challity.
She that has that, is clad in compleat Heel, "
And like a quiver'd nymph with arrows keen,
May trace huge forells and unharbour’d heaths.
Infamous hills, and perilous fandy wilds. Milton.
2. Sheathed as in a quiver.
From him whole quills Hand quivered at his ear,
To him who notches Hicks at WeflminHer. Pope.
To Quob. v. n. [a low word.] To move as the embrio doe,s
in the womb ; to move as the heart does when throbbing.
QUQ'DRIBET. n.f. [Latin.] A nice point; a fubtilty.
He who reading on the heart,
When all his quodlibets of art
Could not expound its pulfe and heat.
Swore, he had never felt it beat. Prior.
Quodlibeta'rian. n.f [quodlibet^Yat.] One who talks or
difputes on any fubjedl. Did?.
Quodlibe'tical. adj. [quodlibet, Lat.] Not reHrained to a
particular fubjedl : in the fchools thefes or problems, anciently
propofed to be debated for curiofity or entertainment, were
fo called. Did?.
Quoif. n.f. [co'eff'e, Fr.]
1. Any cap with which the head is covered. See Coif.
Hence thou fickly quoif.
Thou art a guard too wanton for the head.
Which princes, flelh’d with conqueH, aim to hit. Shakefp,
2. The cap of a ferjeant at law.
To Quoif. v. a. [coeffei, Fr.] To cap ; to drefs with a headdrefs.
She is always quoiffed with the head of an elephant, to
fhow that this-animal is the breed of that country. Addifon.
Quoi'ffure. n. J. [icoeffure, Fr.] Head-drels.
The lady in the next medal is very particular in her
quoiffure. Addifon on Ancient Medals.
Quoil. n.f See Coil.
Quoin, n.f [coin, Fr.]
1. Corner.
A fudden tempefi from the defert flew
With horrid wings, and thundered as it blew.
Then whirling round, the quoins together flrook. Sandys.
Build brick houfes with Hrong and firm quoins or columns
at each end. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
2. An infirument for railing warlike engines. Ainfworth.
Quoit, n.f [coete, Dutch.]
1. Something thrown to a great diffiance to a certain point.
He plays at quoits well. Shakefp. Henry IV.
When he played at quoits, he was allowed his breeches
and flockings. Arbuthnot and Pope.
2. The difeus of the ancients is fometimes called in Englifh
quoit, but improperly; the game of quoits is a game of fkill;
the difeus was only a trial of flrength, as among us to throw
the hammer.
To Quoit, v. n. [from the noun.] To throw quoits ; to play
at quoits. Dryden ufes it to throw the difeus. See the noun.
Noble youths for malterlhip Ihould Hrive
To quoit, to run, and Heeds and chariots drive. Dryden.
To Quoit, v. a. To throw.
Quoit him down, Bardolph, like a Ihove-groat {hilling. Shak,
QUO'NDAM. [Latin.] Having been formerly. A ludicrous
word.
This is the quondam king, let’s feize upon him. Shakefp.
What lands and lordlbips for their owner know
My quondam barber, but his worfhip now. Dryden.
Quook. preterite of quake. Obfolete.
Freely up thofe royal fpoils he took.
Yet at the lion’s fkin he inly quook. Spenfer.
QUO RUM. n.J. [Latin.] A bench of juflices; fuch a num¬
ber of any officers as is lufficient to do bufinefs.
They were a parcel of mummers, and being himfelf one
of the quorum in his own country, he wondered that none of
the Middlefex juHices took care to lay fome of them by the
heels. Addijon's Freeholder, Ny 44,
Quo'ta. n.f [quotus, Lat.] A fhare ; a proportion as affigned
to each.
Scarce one in this liH but engages to fupply a quota of brifk
young fellows, equipt with hats and feathers. Addifon.
Qtiota'tion. n.f. [from quote.] J
1. The adt of quoting ; citation.
2. Paflage adduced out of an authour as evidence or illuHration.
He, that has but ever fo little examined the citations of
writcis, cannot doubt how little credit the quotations deferve,
where the originals are wanting. Locke.
He rang d his tropes, and preach’d up patience,
Lack d his opinion with quotations. Prior.
21 B To QUOTE.
I
QUO
To QUOTE, v. a. [quoter, Fr.] To cite an authour or paffage of an authour ; to adduce by way of authority or illuf—
tration the words of another.
The fecond chapter to the Romans is here quoted only to
paint the margent. Whitgifte.
St. Paul quotes one of their poets for this faying. Stillingf.
He changed his mind, fay the papers, and quote for it
Melchior Adams and Hofpinian. Atterbury.
He quoted texts right upon our Saviour, though he expounded them wrong. Atterbury.
He will, in the middle of a feflion, quote paflages out of
Plato and Pindar. Swift's Mfcellanies.
Quo'ter. n.f [from quote.] Citer ; he that quotes.
I propofed this paflage entire, to take off the difguife which
its quoter put upon it. Atterbury.
Quoth, verb. imperfeft. [this is only part of cjxrSan, Saxon,
retained in Englifh, and is now only ufed in ludicrous
language. It is ufed by Sidney irregularly in the fecond
perfon.J Quoth /, fay I or faid I; quoth he, fays he or
faid he.
Enjoying quoth you. Sidney, b. ii.
Shall we, quoth he, fo bafely brook
This paltry afs. Hudibras.
Q^U O
Quoti'dian. adj. [quotidien, Fr. quotidianus, Latin.] Daily;
happening every day.
Quotidian things, and cquidiftant hence
Shut in for man in one circumference. Donne.
Nor was this a fhort fit of fhaking, as an ague, but a
quotidian fever, always increafing to higher inflammation.
King Charles.
Quoti'dian. n. f [febris quotidiana, Lat.] A quotidian
fever ; a fever which returns every day.
If I could meet that fapcymonger, I would give him fome
good counfel; for he feems to have the quotidian of love.
Shakefpeare.
Quo'tient. n.f. [quotient, Fr. quoties, Latin.]
In arithmetick, quotient is the number produced by the divifion of the two given numbers the one by the other. Cocker.
To make all the fteps belonging to the fame pair of flairs
of an equal height, they confider the height of the room in
feet and inches, and multiply the feet by twelve, whofe pro¬
duct, with the number of odd inches, gives the fum of the
whole height in inches, which fum they divide by the number
of fteps they intend to have in that height, and the quotient
fhall be the number of inches and parts that each ftep fhall
be high. Moxon's Mechanical Exercife.
«
P
/
. »
tP if
: *r
R.
R A B
Is called the canine letter, becaufe it is uttered with
fome refemblance to the growl or fharl of a cur :
it has one conflant found in Englifh, fuch as it
has in other languages ; as red, rofe, more, mu~
_ riatick: in words derived from the Greek, it is
followed by an h, rhapfody: r is never mute, unlefs the fecond r may be accounted mute, where two rr are ufed ; as
myrrh.
To Ra bate. v. n. [? aoatti e, yr.] In falconry, to recover a
hawk to the fift again. - -
RAC
Ainfworth.
To Ra'bbet. v. a. [rabatre, rabater, Fr.] To pare down
pieces of wood fo as to fit one another.
The rabbet plane is to cut part of the upper edge of a
board ftraight or fquare down, that the edge of another board,
cut down in the fame manner, may join into the fquare of
the firft ; and this lapping over of two boards is called
rabbeting. Aloxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
The window frame hath every one of its lights rabbetted
on its outfide about half an inch into the frame, and all thefe
rabbets, but that on the ground-fell, are groved fquare.
Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
Ra'bbet. n.f. [from the verb.] A jointmade by paring two
pieces fo that they wrap over one another.
Having drove in the hooks, they fet the rabbets of the door
within the rabbets of the door-pofl. Moxon's Meehan. Exer.
Ra'bbi'n. \n'f‘ A d°a°r amonSthe Jews.
The Hebrew rabbins fay, that nature hath given man, for
the pronouncing of all letters, the lips, the teeth, the tongue,
the palate and throat. _ Camden's Remains.
Be not ye called rabbi; for one is your mailer, even Chrift,
and all ye are brethren. Mat. xxiii. 8!
Ra'bbit. n.f. [robbe, robbekin, Dutch.] A furry animal that
lives on plants, and burrows in the ground.
I knew a wench married, as fhe went to the garden for
parfly to fluff a rabbit. _ Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
A company of fcholars, going to catch conies, carried one
with them which had not much wit, and gave in charo^e, that
if he law any, he fhould be filent for fear of fearing ofthem ;
but he no fooner efpied a company of rabbits, but he cried
tiloud, cue multi cuniculi; which he had no fooner faid, but
the conies ran to their burrows ; and he being checked by
them for it, anfwered, who would have thought that the
rabbits underflood Latin ? Bacon's apophthegms.
RATABLE. n.f [.rabula, Lat. rabulari, low Lat.J A tumul¬
tuous croud ; an affembly of low people.
Countrymen, will ye relent, and yield to mercy,
Or let a rabble lead you to your deaths ? Shakefp.
Go bring the rabble here to this place. Shakefp.
Of thefe his feveral ravifhments, betrayings, and ftealirS
pway of men’s wives, came in all thofe ancient fables, and
all that rabble of Gredan forgeries. RnhCh
The better fort abhors feurrility, 6
And often cenfures what the rabble like. Rofcommon.
That profane, atheiflical, epicurean rabble, whom the
whole nation io rings of, are not the wifefl men in the
. , South's Sermons.
I o gratify the barbarous audience, I gave them a fhort
rabble feene, becaufe the mob are reprefented by Plutarch and
Polybius with the fame charaderof bafenefs and cowardice.
Dryden s Preface to Cltomenes,
In change of government,
The rabble rule their great oppreffors fate.
Do fov’reign juilice and revenge the flate. Dryden.
His enemies have been only able to make ill impreffions
upon the low and ignorant rabble, and to put the dregs of
the people in a ferment. Addifon's Freeholder, N- 24.
Ra'belement. n.f. [from rabble.] Croud; tumultuous af¬
fembly of mean people.
A rude rabblement,
Whofe like he never faw, he durft not bide,
.But got his ready fleed, and fqfl away ’gan ride. Fa. ^u.
The rabblement houted, clap’d their chopt hands, and ut¬
tered a deal of flinking breath. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
There will be always tyrants, murderers, thieves, traitors,
and other ol the fame rabblement. Camden's Remains.
Rabid, adj. [rabidus, Lat.] Fierce ; furious; mad.
Rabinet. n‘ f' A kind of fmaller ordnance. Ainfworth,.
RACE. n. f [race, hr. from radice, Lat.]
1. A family afcending.
2. Family defeending.
He in a moment will create
Another world ; out of man, a race
Of men innumerable, there to dwell. Milton.
Male he created thee, but thy confort
Female for race. Milton.
High as the mother of the gods in place.
And proud like her of an immortal race. Dryden.
Hence the long of Alban fathers come. Dryden.
3. A generation ; a collective family.
A race of youthful and unhandled colts.
Fetching mad bounds. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
4. A particular breed.
Inflead
Of fpirits malign, a better race to bring
Into their vacant room. ° Milton
In the races of mankind and families of the world, there
remains not to one above another the leall pretence to have
the right of inheritance. ^
5. Race of ginger, [rayz degengibre, Spanifh.] A root or fprig
of ginger. r °
6. A particular flrength or tafle of wine, applied bv Temple to
any extraordinary natural force of intellect.
Of gardens there may be forms wholly irregular, that may
have more beauty than of others ; but they muff owe it to
fome extraordinary difpofitions of nature in the feat, or fome
great race of fancy or judgment in contrivance. Temple.
7. [Ras, Rlandick.J Conteft in running.
T o deferibe races and games
Or tilting furniture. M,
0. Courie on the feet.
The flight of many birds is fwifter than the race of any
beafts. t> 1
n r r AjCICQYI* 9. rrogreis ; courfe.
It fuddenly fell from an excefs of favour, which many ex¬
amples having taught them, never flopt his race till it came
to a headlong overthrow. g- >
My race of glory run, and race of fhame. Milton.
Their miniflry perform’d, and race well run. Milton.
The great light of day yet wants to run
Much of his race though fleep. ^
He late return d, the race of glory pafl
,O.Treai:,:0phr“embraCe- ’
An offenfive war is made, which is unjufl in the angre/Tor ;
the profecut.on and rm of the war carricth the defendant to
invade the ancient patrimony of the firft aggreffor, who is
now turned defendant; lhall he fit down, a.Td not put himfelt in defence? 1 g
The race of this war fell upon the lofs of Urbin, which he
re-obtained, D
Ra'chhorse.' n.f. [race and Ufe.} Horfe bred to runTr
prizes
The reafon Hudibras gives, why thofe, who can talk on
rifles, fpeak with the greateft fluency, is, that the tongue U
carries.’ A m'1S 'hC f-lter t;‘= ^ weifht it
RAg?ap“l'T,0N' n-f [r“CmUS’ ^ Cluflcr, like fhafo"
A cock will in one day fertility , ,
duller of ecras ' tc t"c whole racemotion or enuter 01 eggs, which are not • 1
after. c^ciuaed in many weeks
RACEMTirnonrio „ r r Brozun's Vulgar Errours.
cluftcrs ' * lr<umus an^ ffroy Latin.] Bearing
Ra'cer.
RAC RAD
Ra'cer. n.f [from race.] Runner; one that contends in fpeed.
His Humbling founder’d jade can trot as high
As any other pegafus can fly ;
So the dull eel moves nimbler in the mud,
Than all the fwift-finn’d racers of the flood. Dorfet,
A poet’s form fhe plac’d before their eyes.
And bade the nimbleft racer feize the prize. Pope.
Ra'ciness. n.f. [from rdey.] The quality of being racy.
Rack. n. f. [racke, Dutch, from racken, to ftretch.]
1. An engine to torture.
Vex not his ghoft; O let him pafs ! he hates him
That would, upon the rack of this rough world,
Stretch him out longer. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Did ever any man upon the rack afflidf himfelf, becaufe he
had received a crofs anfwer from his miftrefs. Taylor.
Let them feel the whip, the fword, the lire,
And in the tortures of the rack expire. Addifon.
2. Torture ; extreme pain.
A fit of the Hone puts a king to the rack, and makes him
as miferable as it does the meaneft fubjeef. Temple.
A cool behaviour fets him on the rack, and is interpreted
as an inftance of averfion or indifference. Addifon.
3. Any inftrument by which extenfion is performed.
Thefe bows, being fomewhat like the long bows in ufe
amongft us, were bent only by a man’s immediate ftrength,
without the help of any bender or rack that are ufed to
others. Wilkins’s Mathematical Magick.
4. A diftaff; commonly a portable diftaff, from which they
fpin by twirling a ball.
The fillers turn the wheel,
Empty the woolly rack, and fill the reel. Dryden.
5. [Racke, Dutch, a track.] The clouds as they are driven by
the wind.
That, which is now a horfe, even with a thought
The rack diilimns, and makes it indiftindt
As water is in water. Sbakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
The great globe itfelf.
Yea, all, which it inherit, fhall diffolve ;
And, like this infubftantial pageant, faded,
Leave not a rack behind. Sbakefp. Tempef.
We often fee againft fome ftorm,
A filence in the heav’ns, the rack Hand Hill,
The bold winds fpeechlefs, and the orb below
As hufh as death. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds
above, which we call the rack, and are not perceived below,
pafs without noife. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
As wint’ry winds contending in the iky.
With equal force of lungs their titles try ;
They rage, they roar : the doubtful rack of heav’n
Stands without motion, and the tide undriv’n. Dryden.
6. [br-acca, the occiput, Saxon ; racca, lilandick, hinges or
joints ] A neck of mutton cut for the table.
7. A grate.
8. A wooden grate in which hay is placed for cattle.
Their bulls they fend to paftures far.
Or hills, or feed them at full racks within. May s Virgil.
The beft way to feed rattle with it, is to put it in racks,
becaufe of the great quantity they tread down. Mortimer.
He bid the nimble hours
Bring forth the fteeds ; the nimble hours obey :
From their full racks the gen’rous fteeds retire. Addifon.
<5. Arrack ; a fpirituous liquor. See Arrack.
To Rack. v. n. [from the noun.] To ftream as clouds before
the wind.
Three glorious funs, each one a perfedt fun.
Not feparated with the racking clouds.
But fever’d in a pale clear-fhining fky. Sbakefp.
To Rack. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To torment by the rack.
Hold, O dreadful Sir,
You will not rack an innocent old man. Dryden and Lee.
2. To torment; to harrafs.
Th’ apoftate angle, though in pain,
Vaunting aloud, but rack’d with deep defpair. Milton.
3. To harrafs by exa&ion.
The landlords there fhamefully rack their tenants, exadfing
of them, befides his covenants, what he pleafeth. Spenfer.
The commons haft thou rack'd; the clergy’s bags
Are lank and lean with thy extortions. Sbakefp.
He took poffeflion of his juft eftate,
Nor rack'd his tenants with increafe of rent. Dryden.
4. To ferew ; to force to performance.
They racking and ftretching feripture further than by God
was meant, are drawn into fundry inconveniencies. Hooker.
The wifeft among the heathens racked their wits, and caft
about every way, managing every little argument to the utmoft advantage. Tillotfon's Sermons.
5. To ftretch ; to extend.
Nor have I money nor commodity
To raife a prefent fum ;
Try what my credit can in Venice do.
That lhall be rack'd even to the uttermoft. Sbakefp.
6.To defecate ; to draw off from the lees. I know not whence
this word is derived in this' fenfe; rein, German, is clear,
pure, whence our word to rinfe ; this is perhaps of the fame
race.
It is common to draw wine or beer from the lees, which
we call racking, whereby it will clarify much the fooner.
Bacon.
Some roll their cafk about the cellar to mix it with the
lees, and, after a few days refettlement, rack it off. Mortim.
Rack-rent. n.f [rack and rent.] Rent raifed to the utter¬
moft.
Have poor families been ruined by rack-rents, paid for the
lands of the church ? Swift's Mifcellanies.
Rack-renter, n.J. [rack and renter.] One who pays the
uttermoft rent.
Though this be a quarter of his yearly income, and the
publick tax takes away one hundred; yet this influences not
the yearly rent of the land, which the rack-renter or under¬
tenant pays. Locke.
Ra'cket. n.f. [of uncertain derivation ; M. Cafaubon derives
it, after his cuftom, from ^a-yfee, the dalh of fluctuation
againft the fhore.]
1. An irregular clattering none.
That the tennis court keeper knows better than I, it is a
low ebb of linen with thee, when thou keepeft not racket
there. Sbakefp. Henry IV. p. ii.
2. A confufed talk, in burlefque language.
Ambition hath removed her lodging, and lives the next
door to fadtion, where they keep fuch a racket,, that the whole
parifh is difturbed and every night in an uproar. Swift.
3. [Raquette, Fr.] The inftrument with which players ftrike
the ball. Whence perhaps all the other fenfes.
When we have matcht our rackets to thefe balls.
We will in France play a fet,
Shall ftrike his father’s crown into the hazard. Sbakefp.
The body, into which impreflion is made, either can yield
backward or it cannot: if it can yield backward, then the
impreflion made is a motion; as we fee a ftroke with a
racket upon a ball, makes it fly from it. Digby on the Soul.
He talks much of the motives to do and forbear, how they
determine a reafonable man, as if he were no more than a
tennis-ball, to be tolled to and fro by the rackets of the fecond
caufes. Bramhall againjl Hobbs.
Racking, n.f.
Racking pace of a horfe is the fame as an amble, only that
it is a fwifter time and a Ihorter tread ; and though it does
not rid fo much ground, yet it is fomething ealier. Far. Dibt.
Ra/ckoon. n.f.
Thtrackoon is a New England animal, like a badger, hav¬
ing a tail like a fox, being cloathed with a thick and deep
furr : it fleeps in the day time in a hollow tree, and goes out
a-nights, when the moon Ihines, to feed on the fea iide, where
it is hunted by dogs. Bailey.
RA'CY. adj. [perhaps from rayz, Spanilh, a root.] Strong ;
flavorous ; tailing of the foil.
Rich racy verfes in which we
The foil, from which they come, tafte, fmell, and fee.
Cowhey.
From his brain that Helicon diftil.
Whole racy liquor did his offspring fill. Denham.
The cyder at firft is very lufeious, but if ground more
early, it is more racy. Mortirfier's Hufbandry.
The hofpitable fage, in fign
Of focial welcome, mix’d the racy wine.
Late from the mellowing cafk reftor’d to light.
By ten long years refin’d, and rofy bright. Pope.
Rad. the old pret. of read. Spenfer.
Rad.
Rad, red and rod, differing only in dialed!, fignify counfel; as Conrad, powerful or fkilful in counfel; Ethelred, a
noble counfellor; Rodbert, eminent for counfel: Eubulus
and Thrafybulus have almoft the fame fenfe. Gibfon.
Ra'ddock, ox ruddock, n.f. A bird.
The raddock would.
With charitable bill, bring thee all this. Sbakefp.
Ra'diancy! \ n'f' iradiare* Eat.] Sparkling luftre; glitter.
By the facred radiance of the fun.
By all the operations of the orbs.
Here I difclaim all my paternal care. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
Whether there be not too high an apprehenfion above its
natural radiancy, is not without juft doubt; however it be
granted a very fplendid gum, and whofe fparkles may fome¬
what refemble the glances of fire. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The fon
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crown’d
Of majefty divine. Milton.
A glory furpaffing the fun in its greateft radiancy, which,
though we cannot deferibe, will bear fome refemblance.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
The rapid radiance inftantaneous ftrikes
Th’ illumin’d mountain. Thomfons Spring.
4 Ra'diant.
RAD
Ra'jmant. mlj. [radians, Lat.j Shining; brightly fparkling ;
emitting ravs. , ,, f
There was a fun of gold radiant upon the top, and before,
a frnall cherub of gold with wings displayed. Bacon.
Mark what radiant date flic fpreads,
In circle round her Aiming throne.
Shooting her beams like fllver threads,
This this is flie alone. Milton's Arcades.
Virtue could fee to do what virtue would
Bv her own radiant light, though fun and moon
Were in the flat fea funk. Milton.
I fee the warlike hoft of heaven.
Radiant in glitt’ring arms and beamy pride,
Go forth to fuccour truth below. Milton.
To RA'DIATE. v. n. [radio, Lat.j To emit rays; to fhine;
to fparkle.
Though with wit and parts their poffeffors could never en¬
gage God to fend forth his light and his truth ; yet now that
revelation hath difclofed them, and that he hath been pleafed
to make them radiate in his word, men may recollect thofe
fcatter’d divine beams, and kindling with them the topicks
proper to warm our affe£lions, enflame holy zeal. Boyle.
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes,
and thus we fee the fun or a flame; or it is reflected from
other bodies, and thus we fee a man or a picture. Locke.
Radiated, adj. [radiatus, Lat.j Adorned with rays.
The radiated head of the pheenix gives us the meaning of
a paflage in Aufonius. Addifon.
Radia'tion. n. f [radiatio, Lat. radiation, Fr.J
1. Beamy luftre ; emiflion of rays.
We have perfpe&ive houfes, where we make demonftrations of all lights and radiations, and of all colours. Bacon.
Should I fay I liv’d darker than were true, 1
Your radiation can all clouds fubdue, >
But one ; ’tis belt light to contemplate you. Donne. 3
2. Emiflion from a center every way.
Sound paralleled! in many things with the light, and ra¬
diation of things vifible. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
RA'DICAL. adj. [radical, Fr. from radix, Latin.J
1. Primitive; original.
The differences, which are fecondary and proceed from
thefe radical differences, are, plants are all figurate and de¬
terminate, which inanimate bodies are not. Bacon.
Such a radical truth, that God is, fpringing up together
with the effence of the foul, and previous to all other thoughts,
is not pretended to by religion. Bentley.
2. Implanted by nature.
The emiflion of the loofe and adventitious moifture doth
betray the radical moifture, and carrieth it for company. Bcic.
If the radical moifture of gold were feparated, it might be
contrived to burn without being confumed. Wilkins.
The fun beams render the humours hot, and dry up the
radical moifture. Arbuthnot.
3. Serving to origination.
Ra'DICALITY. n.f. [from radical.'] Origination.
There may be equivocal feeds and hermaphroditical prin¬
ciples, that contain the radicality and power of different
forms ; thus, in the feeds of wheat, there lieth obfeurely the
feminality of darnel. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Radically. adv. [from radical.'] Originally; primitively.
It is no eafy matter to determine the point of death in in¬
fects, who have not their vitalities radically confined unto one
part< Brown's Vulgdr Errours.
Thefe great orbs thus radically bright.
Primitive founts, and origins of light
Enliven worlds deny’d to human fight. Prior. _
Ra'dicalness. n. f. [from radical.J The ftate of being
radical.
To RA'DICATE. v. a. [radicatus, from radix, Lat.j To
root; to plant deeply and firmly.
Meditation will radicate thefe feeds, fix the tranfient gleam
of light and warmth, confirm refolutions of good, and give
them a durable confiftence in the foul. Hammond.
Nor have we let fall our pen upon difeouragement of un¬
belief, from radicated beliefs, and points of high prefeription. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
If the object flays not on the fenfe, it makes not impreflion
enough to be remembered; but if it be repeated there, it leaves
plenty enough of thofe images behind it, to ftrengthen the
knowledge of the object: in which radicated knowledge, if
the memory confift, there would be no need of referving thofe
atoms in the brain. Glanvill's Defence.
Radication. n.f. [radication, Fr. from radicate.] The afft
of fixing deep. , . .
They that were to plant a church, were to deal with men
of various inclinations, and of different habits of fin, and
degrees of radication of thofe habits; and to each of thefe
feme proper application was to be made to cure their fouls
Hammond s rundarnentals.
Ra'dicle. n.f. [radiculc, Fr. from radix, Lat.j
Radicle is that part of the feed of a plant, which, upon lts
vegetation, becomes its root. Quincy.
‘ior. \
rag
Ra'dish. n.f. [raedic, Sax. radis, raifort, Fr. rapbanus, Lat.j
A root.
The flower of the raaijh confifts of four leaves, which are
placed in the form of a crofs ; out of the flower-cup rifes
the pointal, which afterward turns to a pod in form of an
horn, that is thick, fpungy, and furnifhed with a double row
of roundifh feeds, which are feparated by a thin membrane :
there are five fpecies ; of that which is commonly cultivated
in the kitchen-gardens for its root, there are feveral varie¬
ties ; as the frnall topped, the deep-red, and the long topped
ftripped radijh. Miller.
RA'DIUS. n.f. [Latin.J
1. The femi-diameter of a circle.
2. A bone of the fore-arm, which accompanies the ulna from
the elbow to the wrift.
To Raff. v. a. To fweep ; to huddle ; to take haftily with¬
out diftindlion;
Theii caufes and effe£ls I thus raff up together. Carew.
To Ra^ffle. v. n. [rajfler, to (hatch, Fr.J To caft dice for
a prize, for which every one lays down a flake.
Letters from Plampftead give me an account, there is a late
inftitution there, under the name of a raffling fhop Tatler.
Ra'ffle. n.f. [rafle, Fr. from the verb.J A fpecies of game
or lottery, in which many flake a frnall part of the value of
fome Angle thing, in confideration of a chance to gain it.
The toy, brought to Rome in the third triumph of Pompey,
being a pair of tables for gaming, made of two precious ftones,
three foot broad, and four foot long, would have made a fine
raffle. / Arbuthnot on Coins.
Raft. n. f. [probably from rails, Latin.J A frame or float
made by laying pieces of timber crofs each other.
Where is that fon
That floated with thee on the fatal raft. Sbakefp.
Fell the timber of yon lofty grove.
And form a raft, and build the rifing fhip. Pope.
Raft, part paff. of reave or raff. Spen/er. Torn ; rent.
RATTER, n.f. [paeptep, Sax. rafter, Dutch ; corrupted, fays
Junius, from roof tree.) The fecondary timbers of the
houfe ; the timbers which are let into the great beam.
The rafters of my body, bone,
Being ftill with you, the mufcle, Anew and vein,
Which tile this houfe, will come again. Donne.
Shepherd,
I truft thy honeft offer’d courtefy.
Which oft is fooner found in lowly fheds
With fmoky rafters, than in tap’ftry halls. Milton.
On them the Trojans caft
Stones, rafters, pillars, beams. Denham.
From the Eaft, a Belgian wind
His hoftile breath through the dry rafters fent;
The flames impell’d. Dryden.
The roof began to mount aloft.
Aloft rofe every beam and rafter.
The heavy wall climb’d flowly after. Swift's Mifcel.
RaYtered. adj. [from rafter.) Built with rafters.
No raft'red roofs with dance and tabor found,
No noon-tide bell invites the country round. Pope.
RAG. n. f. [jjpacobe, torn, Saxon ;
1. A piece of cloth torn from the reft ; a tatter.
Cowls, hoods and habits, with their wearers toft,
And flutter’d into rags. Milton.
Rags are a great improvement of chalky lands. Mortimer.
2. Any thing rent and tattered ; worn out cloaths.
Fathers that wear rags.
Do make their children blind ;
But fathers that bear bags,
Shall fee their children kind. Shakefp. King Lear.
Worn like a cloth,
Gnawn into rags by the devouring moth. SandyC
Content with poverty, my foul I arm ;
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm. Dryden.
3. A fragment of drefs.
He had firft matter feen undreft;
He took her naked all alone.
Before one rag of form was on. Hudibras, p. i.
Ragamu'ffin. n. f. [from rag and I know not what elfie.J
I have led my ragamuffins where they were pepper’d; there’s
not three of my hundred and fifty left alive ; and they are
for the town’s end to beg during life. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
Shall we brook that paltry afs
And feeble fcoundrel, Hudibras,
With that more paltry ragamuffin,
Ralpho, vapouring and huffing. Hudibras, p. i.
Attended with a crew of ragamuffins, fhe broke into his
houfe, turned all things topfy-turvy, and then fet it on
d firC’ r r T7> Swift. Rage. n.f. [rage, br.J
1. Violent anger; vehement fury.
This tiger-footed rage, when it fhall find
The haim of unfkann d fwiftnefs, will, too late,
Tie leaden pounds to’s heels. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
21 c Defire
R A I
,. Defire not
T’ allay my rages and revenges with
Your colder reafons. Shakefp.
Argument more heroick than the rage
Of Turnus for Lavinia difefpous’d. Milton.
3. Vehemence or exacerbation of any thing painful.
The party hurtr who hath been in great rage of pain, till
the weapon was re anointed. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Torment and loud lament and furious rage. Milton.
The rage of third and hunger now fuppred. Pope.
To Rage. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To be in fury ; to be heated with exceffive anger.
Wine is a mocker, drong drink is raging ; and whofoever
is deceived thereby, is not wife. Prov. xx. 1.
Why do the heathen rage. Pfalm ii. 1.
At this he inly rag'd, and as they talk’d,
Smote him into the midriff. Milton.
2. To ravage ; to exercife fury.
Heart-rending news,
That death fhould licenfe have to rage among
The fair, the wife, the virtuous. Waller.
3. To a£t with mifchievous impetuoufity.
The chariots fhall rage in the dreets, they {hall judle one
againd another, feem like torches, and run like the lightenings. Nah. ii. 4.
The madding wheels of brazen chariots rag’d. Milton.
After thefe waters had raged on the earth, they began to
lefien and Ihrink, and the great fluctuations of this deep being
quieted by degrees, the waters retired. Buniet.
Ra'geful. adj. [rage andfull.] Furious ; violent.
This courtefy was worfe than a. badinado to Zelmane ; fo
that again with rageful eyes {he bad him defend himfelf; for
no lefs than his life would anfwer it. Sidney, b. ii.
A popular orator may reprefent vices in fo formidable ap¬
pearances, and let out each virtue in fo amiable a form, that
the covetous perfon fhall fcatter molt liberally his beloved
idol, wealth, and the rageful perfon {hall find a calm. Hamm.
Ra'ggeI). adj. [from rag.]
1. Rent into tatters.
How like a prodigal.
The fkarfed bark puts from her native bay,
Hugg’d and embraced by the (trumpet wind ;
How like the prodigal doth (he return
With over-weather’d ribs and ragged fails.
Lean, rent, and beggar’d by the (trumpet wind. Shakefp.
As I go in this ragged tattered coat, I am hunted away
from the old woman’s door by every barking cur. Arbuthnot.
2. Uneven ; confiding of parts almod dilunited.
The earl of Warwick’s ragged daff is yet to be feen pourtrayed in their church deeple. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
That fome whirlwind bear
Unto a ragged, fearful, hanging rock.
And throw it thence into the raging fea. Shakefp.
The moon appears, when looked upon with a good glafs,
rude and ragged. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
3. Dreffed in tatters.
Since noble arts in Rome have no fupport.
And ragged virtue not a friend at court. Dryden.
4. Rugged ; not fmooth.
The wolf would barter away a ragged coat and a rawboned carcafe, for a fmooth fat one. L'EJlrange.
What {hepherd owns thofe ragged (heep ? Dryden.
Ra'ggedness. n.f. [from ragged.] State of being dreffed in
tatters.
Poor naked wretches, wherefo’er you are,
'That bide the pelting of this pitilefs dorm !
How (hall your houfelefs heads and unfed fides,
Your loop’d and window’d raggednefs defend you. Shakefp,
Ra'gingly. adv. [from raging.] With vehement fury.
Ra'gman. n.f. [rag and man.] One who deals in rags.
RAGOUT, n.f. [French ] Meat dewed and highly feafoned.
To the dage permit
Ragouts for Tereus or Thyedes dred,
’Tis talk enough for thee t’expofe a Roman fead. Dryden.
No fidi they reckon comparable to a ragout of (nails. Add.
When art and nature join, th’effect will be
Some nice ragout, or charming fricafy. King's Cookery.
Ra'gwort. n.f. [rag and wort.] A plant.
Ragwort hath a radiated flower, the tube of which is al¬
mod of a cylindrical figure, and the feeds are fadened to a
down; the leaves are deeply laciniated or jagged. Miller.
Ra'gstone. n.f. [rag andJlone.]
1. A done fo named from its breaking in a ragged, uncertain,
irregular manner. Woodward on Fojfils.
2. The done with which they fmooth the edge of a tool new
ground and left ragged.
RAIL. n.f. [riegel, German.J
1. A crofs beam fixed at the ends in two upright pods.
If you make another fquare, and alfo a tennant on each
untennanted end of the diles, and another mortefs on the top
and bottom rails, you may put them together. Moxon.
2. A feries of pods connected with beams, by which any thing
is inclofed ; a pale is a feries of (mail upright pods riling above
R A I
the crofs beam, by which they are connected : a rail is a fe¬
ries of crofs beams fupported with pods, which do not rife
much above it.
A man, upon a high place without rails, is ready to fall.
Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
A large fquare table for the commiffioners, one fide being
fufficient for thofe of either party, and a rail for others which
Went round. Clarendon.
3. A kind of bird.
Of wild birds Cornwall hath quail, rail, partridge and
pheafant. Carew's Survey ofCarnival!.
4. [paegle, Saxon.] A woman’s upper garment. This is preferved only in the word nightrail.
To Rail. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To inclofe with rails.
The hand is fquare, with four rounds at the corners ; this
fhould fird have been planched over, and railed about with
balliders. Carew's Survey ofCornivall.
As the churchyard ought to be divided from other profane
places, fo it ought to be fenced in and railed. Ayliffe.
Sir Roger has given a handfome pulpit-cloth, and railed in
the communion-table. Addifons Speblatcr, Na 112.
2. To range in a line.
They were brought toLondon all railedm ropes, like a team
of horfes in a cart, and were executed fome of them at London
and Wapping, and the red at divers places upon the fea
coad. Bacon's Henry VIL
To Rail. v. n. [railler, Fr. rallen, Dutch.] To ufe infolent
and reproachful language ; to (peak to, or to mention in op¬
probrious terms.
Your hufband is in his old lunes again ; he fo rails againd
all married mankind, curfes all Eve’s daughters. Shakejp.
What a mondrous fellow art thou ? thus to rail on one,
that is neither known of thee, nor knows thee. Shakefp.
’Till thou can’d rail the feals from off my bond.
Thou but offend’d thy lungs to fpeak fo loud. Shakefp.
He tript me behind ; being down, infulted, rail’d.
And put upon him fuch a deal of man,
That worthied him. Shakefp. King Lear.
Of words cometh railings and evil furmifings. 1 Tim. vi.
Angels bring not railing accufation againd them. 2 Pet. ii.
If any is angry, andrails at it, he may fecurely. Locke.
Thou art my blood, where Johnfon has no part;
Where did his wit on learning fix a brand.
And rail at arts he did not underdand l Dryden.
Lefbia for ever on me rails.
To talk of me {he never fails. Swift.
Rai'ler. n. f [from rail.] One who infults or defames by
opprobious language.
If I build my felicity upon my reputation, I am as happy
as long as the railer will give me leave. South's Sermons.
Let no prefuming impious railer tax
Creative wifdom. Thomfon's Summer.
Rai'llery. n.f. [raillerie, Fr.] Slight fatire; fatirical mer¬
riment.
Let raillery be without malice or heat. Benj. Johnfon.
A quotation out of Hudibras {hall make them treat with
levity an obligation wherein their welfare is concerned as to
this world and the next: raillery of this nature is enough to
make the hearer tremble. Addifon's Freeholder, 6.
Studies employed on low objects ; the very naming
of them is almod fufficient to turn them into raillery.
Addifon on Ancient Medals.
To thefe we are folicited by the arguments of the fubtile,
and the railleries of the prophane. Rogers's Sermons.
Rai'ment. n.f. [for arraiment, from array.] Vedure ; veilment; cloaths; drefs ; garment. A word now little ufed
but in poetry.
His raiments, though mean, received handfomenefs by the
grace of the wearer. Sidney.
O Protheus, let this habit make thee blufli !
Be thou afham’d, that I have took upon me
Such an immoded raiment. Shakefp.
Living, both food and raiment {he fupplies. Dryden.
To RAIN. v. n. [peman, Saxon ; regenen, Dutch.]
1. To fall in drops from the clouds.
Like a low-hung cloud, it rains fo fad.
That all at once it falls. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
The wind is South-Wed, and the weather lowring, and
like to rain. Locke.
2. To fall as rain.
The eye marvelleth at the whitenefs thereof, and the heart
is adonilhed at the raining of it. Eccluf. xliii. 18.
They fat them down to weep ; nor only tears
Rain'd at their eyes, but high winds rofe within. Milton,
3. It Rains. The water falls from the clouds.
That which ferves for gain.
And follows but for form,
Will pack when it begins to rain,
And leave thee in the dorm. Shakefp. King Lear.
To Rain. v. a. To pour down as rain.
It rain'd down fortune, fhow’ring on your head. Shak.
Rain
R A I
Rain facrificial whifp’rings in his ear*
Make facred even his itirrop. Shakefp. Titnon of Athens.
Ifrael here had famifh’d, had not God
Rain'd from heav’n manna. Milton s Paradife Lofi, b. ii.
Rain, n.f [pen, Saxon.J The moiflure that falls from the
clouds.
When fhall we three meet again ;
In thunder, lightning, or in rain. Shakefp.
With Grange rains, hails, and fhowers were they perlecuted. JVifdom xvi. 16.
The loft clouds pour
Into the fea an ufelefs fhow’r.
And the vext failors curfe the rain,
For which poor farmers pray’d in vain. Waller.
Rain is water by the heat of the fun divided into very fmall
parts afcending in* the air, till encountering the cold, it be
condenfed into clouds, and defcends in drops. Ray.
Rai NBOW. n.f [rain and bow.] The iris * the femicircle of
various colours which appears in fhowery weather.
Calling of the water in a moft cunning manner, makes a
perfedl rainbow, not more pleafant to the eye than to the
mind, fo fenfibly to fee the proof of the heavenly iris* Sidney.
To add another hue unto the rainbow. Shakefp.
The rainbow is drawn like a nymph with large wings difpread
in the form of a femicircle,the feathers offundry colours.Peach.
They could not be ignorant of the promife of God never
to drown the world, and the rainbow before their eyes to put
them in mind of it. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
This rainbow never appears but where it rains in the funfhine, and may be made artificially by fpouting up water,
which may break aloft, and fcatter into drops, and fall down
like rain * tor the fun, fhining upon thefe drops, certainly
caufes the bow to appear to a fpedlator {landing in a true po¬
rtion to the rain and fun : this bow is made by refradtion of
the fun’s light in drops of falling rain. Newtons Opticks.
The dome’s high arch reflects the mingled blaze,
And forms a rainbow of alternate rays. Pope.
Rai'ndeer. [ppanap, Saxon ; rangifer, Latin.] A deer with
large horns, which, in the northern regions, draws fledges
through the fnow.
Rai'niness. n.f. [from rainy] The ftate of being fhowery.
Rain-water, n.f. [rain and water.] Water not taken from
tprings, but falling from the clouds.
Court holy water in a dry houfe, is better than the rain¬
water out o’ doors. Shakefp. King Lear.
We took diftilled rain-water. Boyle.
Rain-water is to be preferred before fpring-water. Abort.
Rai'ny. ad], [from rain.] Showery j wet.
Our gaynefs and our gilt are all befmirch’d.
With rainy marching in the painful field. Shakefp. Hen. V.
A continual dropping in a very rainy day, and a conten¬
tious woman are alike. Prov. xxvii. 15.
To RAISE, v. a. [refa, Swedith j refer, Danifh.J
1. To lift; to heave.
The elders went to raife him up from the earth. 2 Sam. xii.
Such a bulk as no twelve bards could raife
Twelve ftarv’ling bards. Pope.
2. To fet upright: as, he railed a mafi.
3. To eredl; to build up.
Take his carcafe down from the tree, call it at the enter¬
ing of the gate, and raife thereon a heap of ftones, Jof viii.
4. To exalt to a ftate more great or illuftrious.
Counfellors may manage affairs, which neverthelefs are far
from the ability to raife and amplify an eftate. Bacon.
Thou fo pleas’d,
Can’ft raife thy creature to what height thou wilt
Of union. Milton.
5. To amplify ; to enlarge.
That eyelefs head of thine was firft fram’d flefh.
To raife my fortunes. Shakefp. King Lear.
6. To increafe in current value.
The plate-pieces of eight were raifed three-pence in the
piece. Temple’s Mifcellan.es.
7. To elevate ; to exalt.
The Periians gazing on the fun.
Admir’d how high ’twas plac’d, how bright it (hone ;
But as his pow’r was known, their thoughts were rais'd,
And foon they worfhip’d, what at firft they prais’d. Prior.
8. To advance ; to promote ; to prefer.
This gentleman came to be raifed to great titles. Clarend.
q. To excite 5 to put in adion.
He raifeth the ftormy wind. Pfalm evii. 28.
He might taint
Th’ animal fpirits, that from pure blood arife.
Thence raife diftemper’d thoughts. Alilton.
Gods encountering gods, Jove encouraging them with his
thunders, and Neptune raifing his tempefts. Pope.
10.To excite to war or tumult; to ftir up.
He firft rais’d head againil ufurping Richard. Shakejp.
They neither found me in the temple difputing with any
man, neither raifing up the people. . Alls xxiv. 12.
Aeneas then employs his pains
In parts remote to raife the I ulcan fwains* Dryden.
R A K
11. To roufe; to ftir up.
They fhall not awake, nor be raifed out of their fleepi Job.
12. To give beginning to : as, he raifed thefamily.
13. To bring into being.
Marry her, and raife up feed; Gen. xxxviii. 8,
I raifed up of your fonsfor prophets. Amos ii. ir.
I will raije up for them a plant of renown, and they fhall
be no more confumed with hunger. Ezek. xxxiv. 29.
1 will raife up evil againft thee. 2 Samuel xii. 11.
One hath ventur’d from the deep to raife
New troubles. Alilton,
God vouchfafes to raife another world
From him. Milton.
14. To call into view from the ftate of feparate fpirits.
The fpirits of the deceafed, by certain fpells and infernal
facrifices, were raifed. Sandys’s Journey.
Thefe are fpedtres, the underftanding raifes to itfelf, to
flatter its own lazinefs. Locke.
15. To bring from death to life.
He was delivered for our offences, and raifed again for our
juftification. Romans iv. 25.
It is town in difhonour, it is raifed in glory * it is fown in
weaknefs, it is raifed in power* I Cor.xv. 23.
16. Tooccafion* to begin.
^ Raife not a falle report. Exodus xxiii. r.
I he common ferryman of Egypt, that wafted over the
dead bodies from Memphis, was made by the Greeks to be
the ferryman of hell, and folemn ftories raifed after him. Bro.
Wantonnefs and pride
Raife out of friendfhip hoftile deeds in peace. Alilton.
17. To fet up ; to utter loudly.
All gaze, and all admire, and raife a fliouting found. Dry,
Soon as the prince appears, they rai e a cry* Dryder*
18. To colledl to obtain a certain fum.
Britain, once defpis’d, can raife
As ample fums, as Rome in Ctefar’s days. Arbuthnot.
I fhould not thus be bound,
If I had means, and could but raife five pound. Gay\
19. Fo colledtj to affemble * to levy.
He out of lmalleft things could without end
Have rais’d inceffant armies. Alilton.
20. To give rile to.
Higher argument
Remains, fuflicient of itfelf to raife
I hat name, unlefs years damp my wing. Milton.
21. To Raise pajle. To form pafte into pies without a dilh.
Mifs Liddy can dance a jig, and raife pajle. Spectator.
Rai'ser. n.f. [from raife.] He that raifes.
I hen thall Hand up in his eftate a raifer of taxes. Dan. xi.
They that are the firft raifers of their houfes, are moft
indulgent towards their children. Baconi
He that boafts of his anceftors, the founders and raifers of
a family, doth confefs that he hath lets virtue. Laylor.
Raifer of human kind ! by nature caft,
Naked and helplefs. Thomfon’s Autumn.
Rai'sin. n.f. [racemus, Lat. raifin, P’r.]
Raifins are the fruit of the vine fuftered to remain on the
tree till perfectly ripened, and tfyen dried either by the fun or
the heat of an oven : grapes of every kind, preferved in this
manner, are called raifins, but thofe dried in the fun are much
fweeter and pleafanter than thofe dried in ovens ; they are
called jar raifinsfrom their being imported in earthenjars : the
fineft are the fruit of the vitis Damafcena. Hill’s Materia Med.
Dried grapes or raifins, boiled in a convenient proportion
of water, make a fweet liquor, which, being betimes diftilled,
afford an oil and fpirit much like the raifins themfelves. Boyle.
RAKE. n.f. [raflrum,Lzt. pace, Sax. racche, Dutch.]
1. An inftrument with teeth, by which the ground is divided,
or light bodies are gathered up.
At Midfummer down with the brembles and brakes,
And after abroad with thy forkes and thy rakes. Tujfen
O that thy bounteous deity wou’d pleafe
To guide my rake upon the chinking found
Of fome vaft treafure hidden under grouud. Dryden.
He examines his face in the flream, combs his ruful locks
with a rake. Garth.
2. [.Racaille, Fr. the low rabble 5 or rekel, Dutch* a worthlefs
cur dog.] A loofe, disorderly, vicious, wild, gay, thoughtlefs fellow ; a man addicted to pleafure.
The next came with her fon, who was the greateft rake in
the place, but fo much the mother’s darling, that fhe left her
hufband for the fake of this gracelefs youth. AddiJ'on.
Rakes hate fober grave gentlewomen. Arbuthnot.
Men, fome to bus’nefs, fome to pleafure take -3
But ev’ry woman is at heart a rake. Ptbe.
The fire faw fmiling his own virtues wake $
The mother begg’d the bleffing of a rake. p0p(t
To Rake. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To gather with a rake.
Mow barlie, and rake it, and fet it on cocks. Tuffer.
Harrows iron teeth fhall every where
Rake helmets up. Mays Virgil's Gsorgicks.
U
R A L RAM
If it be fuch a precious jewel as the world takes it for, yet
they are forced to rake it out of dunghills; and accordingly
the apollle gives it a vaKie fuitable to its extradt. South.
1.To clear with a rake.
As they rake the green appearing ground,
The rufl'et hay-cock rifes. Thomfon.
3. To draw together by violence.
An eager defire to rake together whatfoever might preju¬
dice or ally way hinder the credit of apocryphal books, hath
caufed the collector’s pen <0 to run as it were on wheels, that
the mind, which fhould guide it, had no leifure to think.
Hooker, b. v.f 20.
What piles of wealth hath he accumulated !
How, i’ th’ the name of thrift,
Does he rake this together. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
A fport more formidable
Had rak’d together village rabble. Hudibras, p. i.
Ill-gotten goods are fquandered away with as little confciAice
as they were raked together. L’EJlrange.
4. To fcour ; to fearch with eager and vehement diligence.
The ftatefman rakes the town to find a plot. Swift.
e. To heap together and cover.
Here i’ th’ fands
Thee I'll rake up, the port unfandtified
Of murth’rous lechers. Shakefp. King Lear.
The blazing wood may to the eye leem great,
But ’tis the fire rak’d up that has the heat.
And keeps it long. Suckling.
To Rake. v. n.
1. To fearch; to grope. It has always an idea of coarfenefs
or noifomnefs.
If you hide the crown
Ev’n in your hearts, there will he rake for it. Shakefp.
It is as offenfive, as to rake into a dunghill. South.
Another finds the way to dye in grain ;
Or for the golden ore in rivers rakes, .
Then melts the mafs. Dryden’s Perfius.
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words, which
are never to be reviv’d, but when found or fignificancy is
wanting. Dryden.
After having made eflays into it, as they do for coal in
England, they rake into the moll promiling parts. Addifon.
2. To pals with violence.
When Pas hand reached him to take,
The fox on knees and elbows tumbled down :
Pas could not ftay, but over him did rake.
And crown’d the earth with his firft touching crown. Sicln.
The Belgians tack upon our rear,
And raking chale-guns through our rterns they fend. Dryd.
Ra'ker. n.f [from rakef One that rakes.
RA'KEHEL. n.f. [of this word the etymology is doubtful: as
it is now written, it is apparently derived from rake and hell,
and may aptly reprefent a wretch whofe life is parted in places
of lewdnefs and wickednefs : Skinner derives it from racaille,
French, the rabble ; Junius, from rekel, Dutch, a mongrel
doer,j A wild, worthlefs, diflolute, debauched, forry fellow.
cJut of the frie of thefe rakehell horfe-boys, growing up
in knavery and villainy, are their kern fupplied. Spenfer.
The king, when he heard of Perkins’s fiege of Exeter,
faid in fport, that the king of rakehells was landed in the
Weft, and that he hoped now to fee him. Bacon.
A rakehell of the town, whofe character is fet off with excefiive prodigality, prophanenefs, intemperance and luft, is re¬
warded with" a lady of great fortune to repair his own, which
his vices had almoft ruined. _ Swift.
Ra'kehelly. adv. [from rakehell.Wild; dirtolute.
I icorn the rakehelly rout of our ragged rhimers, which
without learning boaft, without judgment jangle, and with¬
out reafon rage and loam. Spenfer s Paflotals.
No breaking of windows or glades for lpight,
And fpoiling the goods for a rakehelly prank. Benj. Johnfon.
Ra'kish. adj. [from rake.] Loofe; lewd; diflolute.
There ieldom can be peculiarity in the love of a rakijh
heart. Clarifj'a.
To Ra'lly. v. a. [rallier, Fr.]
2, To put difordered or difperfed forces into order.
With rallied arms to try what may be yet
Regain’d in heav’n. , Milton.
Publick arguing ferves to whet the wits of hereticks, and
by {hewing weak parts of their doctrines, prompts them to
rally all their fophiftry to fortify them with fallacy. D. of Pie.
Luther deters men from folitarinefs ; but he does not mean
from a fober folitude, that rallies our fcattered ftrengths, and
prepares us againft any new encounters from without. Atterb.
2. [Railler, Frfj To treat with flight contempt; to treat with
{atirical merriment.
Honeycomb has not lived a month, for thefe forty years,
out of the fmoke of London, and rallies me upon a country
life. Addifon's Spectator.
If after the reading of this letter, you find yourlelf in a
humour rather to rally and ridicule, than to comfort me, I
defire you would throw it into the fire. Addifon.
• * 4
Strcphon had long confefs’d his am’rous pain,
Which gay Corinna rally d with difdain. Gay.
To Ra'lly. v. n.
1. To come together in a hurry.
If God fhould fhew this perverfe man a new heaven and
a new earth, fpringing out of nothing, he might fay, that
innumerable parts of matter chanced juft then to rally toge¬
ther, and to form themfelves into this new world, lillotfon.
2. To come again into order.
The Grecians rally, and their pow’rs unite ;
With fury charge us. Dryden’s ALneis.
3. To exercife fatirical merriment.
Ram. n.f. [pam, Saxon; ram, Dutch.]
1. Amaleflieep; in fome provinces, a tup.
The ewes, being rank, turned to the rams. Shakefp.
An old fheep-whiftling rogue, a ram tender. Shakefp*
You may draw the bones of a raw’s head hung with firings
©f beads and ribbands. Peacham on Drawing.
A ram their off’ring, and a ram their meat. Dryden.
The ram, having pafs’d the fea, ferenely fhines,
And leads the year. Creech’s Maniliusi
2. An inftrument with an iron head to batter walls.
Antony,
Let not the piece of virtue, which is fet
As the cement of our love,
To keep it builded, be the ram to batter
The fortrefs of it. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
Judas calling upon the Lord, who without any rams or
* engines of war did caft down Jericho, gave a fierce alfault
againft the walls. 2 Mac. xii. 15.
To Ram. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To drive with violence, as with a battering ram.
Ram thou thy faithful tidings in mine ears.
That long time have been barren. Shakefp.
Having no artillery nor engines, and finding that he could
do no good by ramming with logs of timber, he fet one of
the gates on fire. Bacon’s Henry VII.
The charge with bullet, or paper wet and hard flopped,
or with powder alone rammed in hard, maketh no great dif¬
ference in the loudnefs of the report. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
A mariner loading his gun, while he was ramming in a
cartridge, the powTder took fire. IVifeman’s Surgery.
Here many poor people roll, in vaft balls of fnow, which
they ram together, and cover from the fun fhine. Addifon.
A ditch drawn between two parallel furrows, was filled
with fome found materials, and rammed to make the founda¬
tion folid. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. To fill with any thing driven hard together.
As when that devilifh iron engine wrought
In deepeft hell, and fram’d by furies {kill,
With windy nitre and quick fulphur fraught,
And rainin’d with bullet round ordain’d to kill. Fa. ghteen.
Fie that proves the king,
To him will we prove loyal; till that time,
Have we ramm’d up our gates againft the world. Shakefp.
They mined the walls, laid the powder, and rammed the
mouth, but the citizens made a countermine. Hayward.
This into hollow engines, long and round,
Thick ramm’d, at th’ other bore with touch of fire
Dilated and infuriate, {hall fend forth
Such implements of mifehief, as {hall dafti
To pieces. Alilton’s Paradife Loft, b. vi:
Leave a convenient fpace behind the wall to ram in clay.
Mortimer s Hufbandry.
To RA'MBLE. v. n. [rammclen, Dutch, to rove loofely in luft ;
ramb, Swedilh, to rove.] To rove loofely and irregularly;
to wander.
Shame contracts the fpirits, fixes the ramblings of fancy,
and gathers the man into himfelf. South.
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darknefs, what is
his liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by
the wind. Locke.
Chapman has taken advantage of an immeafurable length
of verle, notwithftanding which, there is fcarce any paraphrafe fo loofe and rambling as his. Pope.
Never afk leave to go abroad, for you will be thought an
idle rambling fellow. Sivift’s Directions to Footmen.
O’er his ample fides the rambling fprays
Luxuriant {hoot. Thomfon’s Spring.
Ra'mble. n.f. [from the verb.] Wandering irregular excurfion.
This conceit puts us upon the ramble up and down for re¬
lief, ’till very wearinefs brings us at laft to ourfelves. L’Ejlr.
Coming home after a Ihort Chriftmas ramble, I found a
letter upon my table. Swift.
She quits the narrow path of fenfe
For a dear ramble through impertinence. Swift’s M'fccl.
Ra'mbler. n.f. [from ramble.] Rover; wanderer.
Says the rambler, we mult e’en beat it out. L’EJlrange.
Ra'mbooze. ) n.f. A drink made of wine, ale, eggs and fugar
Ra'mbuse. 3 in the winter time; or of wine, milk, lugar
and rofewatcr in the lummcr time. Bailey.
Ra'mekin.
RAM
Ra'mekin. |n.fi. [ramequins, Fr.] In cookery, final! fiices
Ra'mechjins. \ of bread covered with a farce of cheefe and
eggs. . _ . Bailey.
Ra'ments. n.fi. [ramenta, Lat.] Scrapings; (havings. Ditt.
Ramifica'tion. n.fi. {ramification, Fr. from ramus, Latin.]
Divifion or feparation into branches ; the a£t of branching out.
By continuation of profane hiftories or other monuments
kept together, the genealogies and ramifications of fome iingle
families’to a vaft extenfion may be preferved. Hale.
As the blood and chyle pafs together through the ramifica¬
tions of the pulmonary artery, they will be Hill more perfedUy mixed ; but if a pipe is divided into branches, and thefe
ao-ain fubdivided, the red and white liquors, as they pafs
through the ramifications, will be more intimately mixed ; the
more ramifications, the mixture will be the more perfect. Arb.
To Ramify, v.a. {ramifiler, Fr. ramus and facia, Lat.] To
leparate into branches.
The mint, grown to have a pretty thick (talk, with the
various and ramified roots, which it fhot into the water, prefented a fpe&acle not unpleafant to behold. Boyle.
To Ra'mify. v. n. To be parted into branches.
Afparagus affe&s the urine with a foetid linell, efpecially if
cut when they are white ; when they are older, and begin to
ramify, they lofe this quality. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Ra'mmer. n.f. [from ram.]
1. An inftrument with which any thing is driven hard.
The mafter bricklayer mull try the foundations with an
iron crow and rammer, to fee whether the foundations are
found. Moxon's Mechanical Exercifies.
2. The flick with which the charge is forced into the gun.
A mariner loading a gun fuddenly, while he was ramming
in a cartridge, the powder took fire, and fhot the rammer out
of his hand. Wifieman's Surgery.
Ra'mmish. adj. [from ram.] Strong feented.
Ra'mous. adj. [from ramus, Latin J Branchy ; confifling of
branches.
Which vaft contra&ion and expanfion feems unintelligible,
by feigning the particles of air to be fpringy and ramous, or
rolled up like hoops, or by any other means than a repulfive
power. Newton's Opticks.
A ramous efflorefcence, of a fine white fpar, found hang¬
ing from a cruft of like fpar, at the top of an old wrought
cavern. Woodward on Fofifils.
To RAMP. v. n. [ramper, French; rampare, Italian; jiempen,
Saxon.]
1. To leap with violence.
Foaming tarr, their bridles they would champ.
And trampling the fine element, would fiercely ramp. F. §).
Out of the thickeft wood
A ramping lyon rufhed fuddenly,
Hunting full greedy after favage blood. Fairy fifiueen.
They gape upomme with their mouths; as a ramping and
roaring lion. Pfalm xxii. 13.
Upon a bull, that deadly bellowed,
Two horrid lions rampt, and leiz’d, and tugg’d off. Chapm.
Sporting the lion ramp'd; and in his paw
Dandled the kid. Milton.
2. To climb as a plant.
Furnifhed with clafpers and tendrils, they catch hold of
them, and fo ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great
height. Bay on the Creation.
Ramp. n.fi. [from the verb.] Leap; fpring.
He is vaulting variable ramps.
In your defpight, upon your purfe. Shakefip. Cymbeline.
The bold Afcalonite
Fled from his lion ramp, old warriors turn’d
Their plated backs under his heel. Milton's Agonifiles.
Rampa'llian. n. f. A mean wretch. Not in ufe.
Away you fcullion, you rampallian, you fuftilarian. Shah.
Rampa'ncy. n.fi. {from rampant.] Prevalence; exuberance.
As they are come to this height and rampancy of vice, from
the countenance of their betters, fo they have took fome fteps
in the fame, that the extravagances of the young carry with
them the approbation of the old. South.
Rampant, adj. {rampant, Fr. from ramp.]
1. Exuberant ; overgrowing reftraint.
The foundation of this behaviour towards perfons fet apart
for the fervice of God, can be nothing elfe but atheifm ; the
^rowing rampant fin of the times. South.
D The feeds of death grow up, till, like rampant weeds,
they choak the tender flower of life. Clariffa.
2. [In heraldry.] . .
Rampant is when the lion is reared up in the efcutcheon, as
it were ready to combate with his enemy. Peacham.
Jf a Jion were the proper coat of Judah, yet were it not
probable a lion rampant, but couchant or dormant. Brown.
The lion rampant (hakes his bnnded mane. Milton.
To Ra'mpart. \v. a. [from the noun.] To fortify with
To Ra'mpire. J ramparts. Not in ufe.
Set but thy foot
Ao-ainft our rampir'd gates, and they (hall ope. Shakefip.
The marquis directed part of his forces to rampart the gates
and ruinous places of the walls. Hayward.
R A N
RAwJi'^
1. The platform of the wall behind the parap:t.
2. The wall round fortified places.
She felt it, when paft preventing, like a river; no rampire.
being built againft it, till already it have overflowed. Sidney.
Yo' have cut a way for virtue, which our great men
Held (hut up, with all ramparts, for themfelves. B.Johnf.
He who endeavours to know his duty, and pradtifes what
he knows, has the equity of God to (land as a mighty wall or
rampart between him and damnation for any infirmities. South.
The fon of Thetis, rampire of our holt,
Is worth our care to keep. Drydeni
The Trojans round the place a rampire caft,
And palifades about the trenches plac’d. Drydev.
No ftandards, from the hoftile ramparts torn,
Can any future honours give
To the victorious monarch’s name. Prior.
Ra'mpions. n.fi. {rapunculus, Lat.] A plant.
The flower of rampions confifts of one leaf, in its form ap¬
proaching to a bell-(hape ; but is fo expanded and cut, that
it almoft repreients the figure of a ftar : the pointal is com¬
monly fplit into two horned divifions, and the flower-cup be¬
comes a fruit, which is divided into three cells incloling many
fmall feeds. Miller.
Rampion is a plant, whofe tender roots are eaten in the
fpring, like thofe of radifhes. Mortimer's Hufibandry.
Ra'msons. n.fi. An herb. Ainjworth.
Ran. preterite of run.
The dire example ran through all the field,
Till heaps of brothers were by brothers kill’d. Add'fon.
To Ranch, v. a. [corrupted from wrench.] To fprain; to
injure with violent contortion. This is the proper fenfe, but,
in Dryden, it feems to be to tear.
Againft a (lump his tulk the monfter grinds,
And ranch'd his hips with one continu’d wound. Dryder.
Emeticks ranch, and keen catharticks lcour. Garth.
RA'NCID. adj. {rancidus, Lat.] Strong feented.
The oil, with which fifties abound, often turns rancid, and
lies heavy on the ftomach, and affects the very fweat with a
rancid fmell. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Ra'ncidness. 7 n.fi. [from rancid; rancor, Lat.] Strong (cent,
Ranci'dity. 5 as of old oil.
Rancorous, adj. [from rancour.] Malignant; malicious;
fpiteful in the utmoft degree.
So flam’d his eyen with rage and rancorous ire. Fa. gAi.
Becaufe I cannot
Duck with French nods and apifh courtefy,
I muft be held a rancorous enemy. Shakefip. Rich. III.
The moft powerful of thefe were Pharifees and Sadduces ;
of whofe chief doctrines fome notice is taken by the evangelifts, as well as of their rancorous oppofition to the gofpel of
Chrift. JVefil on the Rejurrediion.
RA'NCOUR. n.fi. {rancoeur, old Fr.] Inveterate malignity ;
malice ; ftedfaft implacability ; (landing hate.
His bread full of rancor like canker to freat. Tufificr.
As two brave knights in bloody fight
With deadly rancour he enranged found. Fairy Shieen.
All the way that they fled for very rancour and defpite ; in
their return, they utterly confumed and wafted whatfoever
they had before left unfpoiled. Spenfiers State of Ireland.
Rancour will out, proud prelate ; in thy face
I fee thy fury. Shakefip. Henry VI. p. ii.
It ifiues from the rancour of a villain,
A recreant and moft degen’rate traitor. Shakefip. Rich. II.
For Banquo’s iffue, Duncan have I murther’d ;
Put rancour in the veil'd of my peace
Only for them. Shakefip. Macbeth.
Such ambufh
Waited with heilifh rancour imminent. Milton.
No authors draw upon themfelves more difpleafure, than
thofe who deal in political matters, which is juftly incurred,
confidering that fpirit of rancour and virulence, with which
works of this nature abound. Addifion s Freeholder, N?40.
Prefbyterians and their abettors, who can equally go to a
church or conventicle, or fuch who bear a perfonal rancour
towards the clergy. Swift.
Rand. n.fi. {rand, Dutch.] Border; feam : as, theva.wiof
a woman's fihoe.
Ra'ndom. n.fi. {randon, Fr.] Want of direction; want of
rule or method ; chance ; hazard ; roving motion.
Thy words at random argue thy inexperience. Milton,
He lies at random carelefly diffus’d.
With languilh’d head unpropt,
As one paft hope abandon’d. Milton
Fond love his darts at randorn throws,
And nothing fprings from what he fows, Waller.
The ftriker muft be denfe, and in its beft velocity : the
angle, which the miffive is to mount by, if we will have it
go to its furtheft random, muft be the half of a rwht one ;
and the figure of the millive muft be fuch, as may ‘five fcope
to the air to bear it. 3 & Digby
21 D 1*1
RAN
In tile days of old the birds lived at random in a lawlcfs
irate of anarchy; but in time they moved for the fetting
up of a king. L'Ejirange's Fables.
Who could govern the depcndance of one event upon
another, if that event happened at random, and was not calf
into a certain relation to fome foregoing purpofe to dire£t.,W/;.
’Tis one thing when a perfon of true merit is drawn as like
as we can ; and another, when we make a fine thing at ran¬
dom, and perfuade the next vain creature that ’tis his own
likenefs. Pope.
Ra'ndom. adj. Done by chance ; roving without direction.
Virtue borrow’d but the arms of chance.
And {truck a random blow ! ’twas fortune’s work,
And fortune take the praife. Drydcn.
Ra'nfoRCE. n.f. The ring of a gun next the touch-hole .Bailey.
Rang, preterite of ring.
Complaints were lent continually up to Rome, and rang
all over the empire. Crew's Co/mol.
To RANGE, v. a. [ranger, Fr. rbenge, Welfli.J
1. To place in order; to put in ranks.
Maccabeus ranged his army by bands, and went again!!
Timotheus. 2 Mac. xii. 20.
He faw not the marquis till the battle was ranged. Clarend.
Somewhat rais’d
By falfe prefumptuous hope, the ranged pow’rs
Difband, and vwand’ring each his feveral way
Purfues. Milton.
Men, from the qualities they find united in them, and
wherein they obferve feveral individuals to agree, range them
into forts for the convenience of comprehenlive figns. Locke.
A certain form and order, in which we have long accuftomed ourfelves to range our ideas, may be beffc for us now,
though not originally belt in itfelf. Watts.
2. To rove over.
To the copfe thy leffer fpaniel take,
Teach him to range the. ditch and force the brake. Gay.
To Range. v. n.
1. To rove at large.
Caefar’s fpirit ranging for revenge,
With Ate by his fide come hot from hell.
Shall in thefe confines, with a monarch’s voice.
Cry havock, and let flip the dogs of war. Shakefp.
’Tis better to be lowly born,
And range with humble livers in content,
Than to be perk’d up in a glift’ring grief,
/ And wear a golden forrow. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
I faw him in the battle range about;
And watch’d him, how he fingled Clifford forth. Shakefp.
As a roaring lion and a ranging bear ; fo is a wicked ruler
over the poor people. Prov. xxviii. 15.
Other animals unadtive range.
And of their doings God takes no account. Milton.
Thanks to my ltars, I have not rang'd about
The wilds of life, e’re I could find a friend. Addifon.
2. To be placed in order.
That is the way to lay the city flat,
To bring the roof to the foundation.
And bury all which yet diftindtly ranges'
In heaps of ruin. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Range, n.f. [rangee, Fr. from the verb.]
1. A rank; any thing placed in a line.
You fled
From that great face of war, whofe feveral names
Frighted each other. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
The light, which paffed through its feveral interltices,
painted fo many ranges of colours, which were parallel and
contiguous, and without any mixture of white. Newton.
From this walk you have a full view of a huge range of
mountains, that lie in the country of the Grifons. Addifon.
Thefe ranges of barren mountains, by condenfing the va¬
pours and producing rains, fountains and rivers, give the very
plains that fertility they boaft of. Bentley's Sermons.
2. A clafs ; an order.
The next range of beings above him are the immaterial
intelligences, the next below him is the fenfible nature. Hale.
3. Excurfion; wandring.
He may take a range all the world over, and draw in all
that wide circumference of fin and vice, and center it in his
own breaft. South's Sermons.
4- Room for excurfion.
A man has not enough range of thought, to look out for
any good which does not relate to his own intereft. Addifon.
5. Compafs taken in by any thing excurfive, extended, or ranked
in order.
Far as creation’s ample range extends,
I he fcale of fenfual mental pow’rs afcends. Pope.
Judge we by nature ? habit can efface ;
Affections ? they {till take a wider range. Pope.
6. Step of a ladder.
Fhe liturgy, pradtifed in England, would kindle that jealoufy, as the prologue to that defign, and as the firlt range of
that ladder, which fhould ferve to mount over all their
cuftoms. Clarendon.
RAN
7.A kitchen grate. - . ...
Its door forth right to him did open,
Therein an hundred ranges weren pight,
And hundred furnaces all burning bright. Fairy (jf-een.
It was a vault ybuilt for great difpencc,
With many ranges rear’d along the wall,
And one great chimney. Fairy Jhieen.
The buttery muft be vifible, and we need for our ranges,
a more fpacious and luminous kitchen. Wotton's Architect.
I he implements of the kitchen are fpits, ranges, cobirons
and pots. . Bacon's Phyfecal Remains.
He was bid at his firft coming to take off the range, and
let down the cinders. L'Ejirange.
Ranger, n.f. [from range.]
1. One that ranges ; a rover; a robber.
They walk not widely, as they were woont,
For fear of raungers and the great hoont,
But privily prolling to and fro. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
Come, fays the ranger, here’s neither honour nor money
to be got by {laying. L'Ejirange.
2. A dog that beats the ground.
Let your obfequious ranger fearch around.
Nor will the roving fpy direct in vain,
But numerous coveys gratify thy pain. Gay's Rural Sports.
3. An officer who tends the game oi a foreff.
Their father Tyrrheus did his fodder bring,
Tyrrheus chief ranger to the Latian king. Drydcn.
RANK. adj. [pane, Saxon.J
1. High growing; ftrong; luxuriant.
Down with the graffe.
That groweth in fhadaw fo ranke and fo ftout. Differ.
Is not thilk fame goteheard proud.
That fits in younder bank,
Whofe ftraying heard themfelfe Ihrowde
Emong the bufhes rank. Spenfer.
W ho would be out, being before his beloved miffreis ?
•—That fhould you, if I were your miftrefs, or I fliould
think my honefiy ranker than my wit, Shakejp.
In which difguife.
While other jefts are fomething raoik on foot.
Her father hath commanded her to flip
Away with Slender. Shakejp. Merry Wives ofJVlndfor.
Seven ears came up upon one {talk, rank and good. Gen.
They fancy that the difference lies in the manner of appulfe, one being made by a fuller or ranker appulfe than the
other. Holder's Elements of Speech.
The moft plentiful feafon, that gives birth to the iineft
. flowers, produces alfo the rankejl weeds. Addifon.
2. Fruitful; bearing ftrong plants.
Seven thoufand broad-tail’d fheep graz’d on his downs ;
Three thoufand camels his rank paftures fed. Sandys.
Where land is rank, ’tis not good to fow wheat after a
fallow. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
3. [Rancidus, Lat.] Strong Rented; rancid.
Rank fmelling rue, and cummin good for eyes. Spenfer.
In their thick breaths.
Rank of grofs diet, {trail we be enclouded,
And forc’d to drink their vapour. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
The ewes, being rank,
In the end of Autumn turned to the rams. Shakefp.
The drying marfhes fuch a {tench convey,
Such the rank {teams of reeking Albula,
Hircina, rank with fweat, prefumes
To cenfure Phillis for perfumes. Swift's Mifcellanies.
4. High tailed ; ftrong in quality.
Such animals as feed upon flefh, becaufe.fuch kind of food
is high and rank, qualify it; the one by fwallowing the hair
of the beafts they prey upon, the other by devouring fome
part of the feathers of the birds they gorge themfelves with.
Ray on the Creation.
Divers fea fowl tafte rank of the fifh on which they
feed. Beyle.
5. Rampant; highgrown.
For you, moft wicked Sir, whom to call brother
Would infedt my mouth, I do forgive
Thy rankejl faults. Shakefp. Tempejl.
This Epiphanius cries out upon as rank idolatry, and the
device of the devil, who always brought in idolatry under fair
pretences. Stillingfeet’s Def. of Difcourje on Roman Idol.
’Tis pride, rank pride, and haughtinefs of foul.
The Romans call it ftoicifm. Addifon s Cato.
6. Grofs; coarfe.
My wife’s a hobby-horfe, deferves name
As rank as any flax-wench, that puts to
Before her troth-plight. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
Phis power of the people in Athens, claimed as the
undoubted privilege of an Athenian born, was the rankejl
encroachment and the grofleft degeneracy from the form*
Solon left. Swift.
7. The iron of a plane is fet rank, when its edge ftands fo
flat below the foie of the plane, that in working it will take
off a thick {having. Moxon's Mechanical ExerciJ'es.
Rank.
cn on.
RAN
Rank. n. f. [rang* Fr.J
1. Line of men placed a-brcaH.
Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds,
In ranks, and Iquadrons, and right form of war.
Which drizzled blood upon the capitol. Shakefp.
I have feen the cannon.
When it hath blown his ranks into the air. Shakefp.
1s t not pity, *
That we, the fons and children of this ifle.
Fill up her enemies ranks ? Shake/p. King John.
If sou have a flation in the file,
And not in the vvorfi rank of manhood, fay it. Shakeft.
2. Arow. 7 Jr
r ^ ^ Cl^ *^is P^lce down in the neighbour bottom,
I he rank of offers, by the murmuring ftream,
Left on your right hand brings you to the place. Shakefp.
A fylvan Icene, and as the ranks afeend
Shade above fhade, a woody theatre. Milton.
If file walk, in even ranks they Hand,
Like fome well-marfllall’d and obfequious band. Waller.
He cou d through ranks of ruin go,
With ftorms above and rocks below. Drydens Horace.
3. Range of fubordination.
T he wifdom and goodnefs of the maker plainly appears in
the parts of this ffupendous fabrick, and the leveral degrees
and ranks of creatures in it. farD
4. C!afs ; order.
The enchanting power of profperity over private perfons is
remarkable in relation to great kingdoms, where all ranks
and orders of men, being equally concerned in publick bleffings, equallyjoin in fpreading the infedion. Atterbury.
5. Degree of dignity.
Her charms have made me man, her ravifh’d love
In rank (hall place me with the b'lefs’d above. Dryden.
Thefe all are virtues of a meaner rank.
Perfections that are plac’d in bones and nerves. Addifon.
Lepidus’s houfe, which in his confulate was the finefl in
Rome, within tnirty-five years was not in the hundredth
Arbuthnot on Coins.
6. Dignity ; high place : as, he is a man of rank,
lo Rank. v. a. [ranger, Fr. from the noun.j
1. To place a-bread.
In view flood rank'd of feraphim another row. Milton.
2. To range in any particular clafs.
If four woe delights in fellowfhip.
And needly will be rank'd with other griefs ;
Why follow’d not, when file faid Tybalt’s dead,
Thy father or thy mother. Shakefp.
He was a man
Of an unbounded flomach, ever ranking
Himfelf with princes. _ Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Merely is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft.
.... Decay of Piety.
1 have ranked this diverfion of chriflian practice among the
effeds of our contentions. Decay of Piety.
Poets were ranked in the clafs of philofophcrs, and the an¬
cients made ufe of them as preceptors in mufick and morallty* _ Broome's Notes on the Odyjfey.
3. To arrange methodically.
Who now fhall rear you to the fun, or rank
Your tribes. Litton.
Ranking all things under general and fpecial heads, renders
the nature or ufes of a thing more eafy to be found out, when
we feek in what rank of beings it lies. IVatts's Logick
To Rank. v. n. To be ranged ; to be placed.
Let that one article rank with the reft;
And thereupon give me your daughter. Shakefp.
From (haggling mountaineers, for publick good.
To rank in tribes, and quit the favage wood. Tate.
To Ra'nkle. v. n. [from rank.] To fefierj to breed cor¬
ruption ; to be inflamed in body or mind.
As when two boars with rankling malice met.
Their gory fides frefh bleeding fiercely fret. Fa. Queen
I little finart did fee!;
But foon it fore increafed,
And now it rankleth more and more.
And inwardly it fertereth fore. Spmfer's Patlorals.
I ne grief thereof him wondrous fore difeafed,
Ne might his rankling pain with patience be appeafed.
That frefli bleeding wound ^ ^een'
W’hilome doth rankle in my riven breafl. Fairy Queen.
Beware of yonder dog ; ^
Look, when he fawns, he bites ; and, when he bites
His venom tooth will rankle to the death. Shakefp.
The ftorm of his own rage, the fool confounds.
And envy’s rankling fling th’ imprudent wounds. Sandys.
Thou (halt feel, enrag’d with inward pains,
The hydra’s venom rankling in thy veins. Addifon.
I have endur’d the rage of fecret grief,
A malady that burns and rankles inward. Rowe.
On the rankPd foul the fury falls. Thomfon.
2
RAN
Ra'nkly. adv. [from rank.] Coarfely; grofiy.
’Tis given out, that, deeping in my garden,
A ferpent flung me : fo the whole ear of Denmark
Is, by a forged procefs of my death,
Rankly abus’d. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Ra'nkness. n.f [from rank.] Exuberance , fuperfluity of
growth.
It bringeth forth abundantly, through too much ranknefs,
things lefs profitable, whereby that which principally it fhould
yield, being either prevented in place, or defrauded of nourifhment, faileth. Hooker, b. v. f. iii.
Begin you to grow upon me; I will phyfick your rank¬
nefs. Shakefp. As You Like it.
Among the crowd i’ th’ abbey, where a finger
Could not be wedg’d in more; I am Hided
With the mere ranknefs of their joy. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
We’ll like a bated and retired dood.
Leaving our ranknefs and irregular courfe,
Stoop low within thole bounds, we have o’erlook’d. Shak.
The crane’s pride is in the ranknefs of her wing. L'Ejlr.
He the flubborn foil manur’d.
With rules of hufbandry the ran inefs cur’d ;
Tam’d us to manners. Dryden.
Ra'nny. n. f. The flirewmoufe.
The mus araneus, the fhrevvmoufe or ranny. Brown.
Io Ra nsack. v. a. [pan, Saxon, andfaka, Swedifh, to fearch
for or feize.j
1. To plunder to pillage.
A covetous fpirit.
Warily awaited day and night,
From other covetous fiends it to defend.
Who it to rob and ranfack did intend. Fairy Qfueen.
Their vow is made to ranfack Troy. Shakefp.
Men by his fuggeflion taught,
Ranfack'd the centre, and with impious hands
Rided the bowels of the earth. Milton.
The ranfack'd city, taken by our toils,
We left, and hither brought the golden fpoils. Dryden.
The fpoils which they from ranfack'd houfes brought.
And golden bowls from burning altars caught. Dryden.
2. To fearch narrowly. ,
I ranfack the feveral caverns, and fearch into the Horehoufes of water, to find out where that mighty mafs of water,
which overdowed the earth, is beflowed. Woodward.
3. To violate ; to dedower.
With greedy force he ’gan the fort aflail,
Wherof he weened pofTelfed foon to be,
And with rich fpoil of ranfacked chaHitv. Fairv Queen
RA'NSOME. n.f [ranfon, Fr.J Price paid for red^on
from captivity or punifhment.
By his captivity in AuHria, and the heavy ranfom that he
paid for his liberty, Richard was hindered to purfue the conquefl of Ireland. Davies on Ireland.
Ere the third dawning light
Return, the flars of morn fhall fee him rife.
The ranfom paid, which man from death redeemes,
His death for man. Milton's Paradife Lojfb. xii.
Has the prince lofl his army or his liberty ?
Tell me what province they demand for ranfom. Denham.
This as a ranfom Albemarle did pay,
For all the glories of fo great a life. Dryden.
. To adore that great myftery of divine love, God’s fending
his only fon into this world to fave dinners, and to give hit
life a ranfom for them, would be noble exercife for the pens
of the greateft wits. _ Tillotfon's Sermons.
Th’ avenging pow’r
Thus will perfiH, relentlefs in his ire,
Till the fair flave be render’d to her fire,
And ranfom free refior’d to his abode. Dryden
To Ra'nsome. v.a. [ranyonner, Fr.J To redeem from capti¬
vity or punifhment. v
How is’t with Titus Lartius ?
—Condemning fome to death and fome to exile,
Ranfoming him, or pitying, threading the other! Shakefp
I will ranjom them from the grave, and redeem them from
death. zj r
tt_>11 j • • r . . ~ . diojea Xlii. 14.
He J1 dying rife, and nfing with him raife
His brethren, ranjom d with his own dear life. Milton.
Ra nsomeless. adj. [from ranfome.] Free from ranfome
Ranjomelejs here we fet our prifoners free. Shakeft)
Deliver him •*"’
Up to his pleafure ranjomeiefs and free. pi. » r. To Rant, v. n. [randen. Dutclu to rave.] To rave in vtoo "h°orugift S S“aS' 'Vith0Ut ProPort*onable dignity
Lookwhere my•ranting hoft of the garter comes • there
Ltfo merrily.11 ^ P'lte> “
Nay, an Lu.'t ff£'
IfZ^ aK ’ with piteous moan";
SrL ntl \ ^CW'rtS ,hdr others rJiH and hectoring, others fcoldmg and reviling. ' StiUhfn.
Rant.
R A P R A P
Rant. n. f. [fi'om the verb.] High founding language unftipported by dignity of thought.
Dryden himfelf, to pleafe a frantick age,
Was forc’d to let his judgment ftoop to rage,
To a wild audience he conform’d his voice,
Comply’d to cuftom, but not err’d through choice ;
Deem then the people’s, not the writer s fin,
Almanfor’s rage, "and rants of Maximin. Granville.
This is a ftoical rant, without any foundation in the nature
of man or reafon of things. Atterhury s Preface.
Ranter, n.f. [from rant.] A ranting fellow.
Ra'ntipole. adj. [this word is wantonly formed from rant.]
Wild ; roving ; rakifh. A low word.
What at years of diferetion, and comport yourfelf at this
rantipole rate! ^ Congreve's Way of the World.
To Ra'ntipole. v. n. To run about wildly. It is a low word.
The eldeft was a termagant imperious wench; {he ufed to
rantipole about the houfe, pinch the children, kick the fervants, and torture the cats and dogs. Arhuthnot.
RA'HULA. n.f. [Latin.]
Ranula is a foft fwelling, pofleffing thofe falivals under the
tonpue : it is made by congeftion, and its progrefs filleth up
the fpace between the jaws, and maketh a tumour externally
under the chin. Wifeman's Surgery.
Ranu'nculus. n.f Crowfoot.
Ranuneulufes excel all flowers in the richnefs of their co¬
lours : of them there is a great variety. Mortimer.
To Rap. v. n. [hpaeppan, Saxon.] To ftrike with a quick
finart blow.
Knock me at this gate
And rap me well, or I’ll knock your knave’s pate. Shakefp.
With one great peal they rap the door.
Like footmen on a viflting day. Prior.
He was. provoked in the fpirit of magiftracy,- upon difeovering a judge, who rapped out a great oath at his footman.
Addifon.
To Rap. v. a. [from rapio extra fe, Lat.]
1. To afFeft with rapture; to ftrike with extafy ; to hurry out
of himfelf.
Thefe are fpeeches of men, not comforted with the hope
of that they defire, but rapped with admiration at the view
of enjoyed blifs. Hooker.
Beholding the face of God, in admiration of fo great
excellency, they all adore him ; and being rapt with the love
of his beauty, they cleave infeparably for ever unto him. Hook.
What, thus raps you ? are you well ? Shakefp.
The government I caft upon my brother,
And to my ftate grew ftranger, being tranfported
And rapt in fecret ftudies. Shakefp.
You’re rapt in fome work, fome dedication
To the great lord. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
I’m rapt with joy to fee my Marcia’s tears. Addif. Cato.
It is impoflible duly to confider thefe things, without being
rapt into admiration of the infinite wifdom of the divine architeeft. Cheyne'sPhilofophical Principles.
Rapt into future times, the bard begun,
A virgin fhall conceive, a virgin bear a fon ! Pope.
Let heav’n feize it, all at once ’tis fir’d.
Not touch’d, but rapt; not waken’d, but infpir’d. Pope.
2. To fnatch away.
He leaves the welkin way moft beaten plain,
And rapt with whirling wheels, inflames the lkyen,
With fire not made to burn, but fairly for to fhyne. F. £>.
Underneath a bright lea flow’d
Of jafper, or of liquid pearl, whereon
Who after came from earth, failing arriv’d
Wafted by angels, or flew o’er the lake
Rap'd in a chariot drawn by fiery fteeds. Milton.
Standing on earth, not rapt above the pole. Milton.
To Rap and rend, [more properly rap and ran ; paepan,.Saxon,
to bind, and rana, Iflandick, to plunder.] T o feize by
violence.
Their hufbands robb’d, and made hard fhifts
T' adminifter unto their gifts
All they could rap and rend and pilfer.
To feraps and ends of gold and Silver. Hudibras, p. ii.
Rap. f. [from the verb.] A quick lmartblow.
How comeft thou to go with thy arm tied up ? has old
Lewis given thee a rap over thy fingers ends ? Arhuthnot.
RAPA'CIOUS. adj. [rapace, Fr. rapax, Lat.] Given to plun¬
der ; feizing by violence.
Well may thy Lord, appeas’d,
Redeem thee quite from death’s rapacious claim. Milton.
Shall this prize,
Soon heighten’d by the diamond’s circling rays.
On that rapacious hand for ever blaze ? Pope.
Rapa'ciously. adv. [from rapacious.] By rapine ; by violent
robbery.
Rapa'ciousness. n. f. [from rapacious.] The quality of
being rapacious.
R APA'clTV. n. f. [rapacitas, Lat. rafacite, Fr. from rapax.]
Addidtcdnefs to plunder ; exircifc ot plunder ; ravcnoulnefs.
Any of thefe, without regarding the pafns of churchmen,
grudge them thofe fmall remains ot ancient piety, which the
rapacity of fome ages has fcarce left to the church. Sprat.
Rape. n.f. [rapt,Yr. raptus, Latin.]
1. Violent defloration of chaftity.
You are both dccypher’d
For villains mark’d with rape. Shakefp. Titus Andronicus,
Rape call you it, to feize my own.
My true betrothed love. Shakefp. Titus Andronicus.
The parliament conceived, that the obtaining of women by
force into pofleflion, howfoever afterwards aflent might follow
by allurements, was but a rape drawn forth in length, becaufe
the firft force drew on all the reft. Bacon s Henry Vil.
Witnels that night
In Gibeah, when the hofpitable door
Expos’d a matron, to avoid worfe rape. Milton.
The haughty fair.
Who not the rape ev’n of a god could bear. Dryden.
Tell Thracian tyrant’s alter’d ihape.
And dire revenge of Philomela’s rape. Rofcmmon.
2. Privation ; a£t of taking away.
Pear grew after pear.
Fig after fig came ; time made never rape
Of any dainty there. Chapmans Odyjpy.
3. Something (hatched away.
Sad widows by thee rifled, weep in vain,
And ruin’d orphans of thy rapes complain. Sandys.
Where now are all my hopes ? oh never more
Shall they revive ! nor death her rapes reftore ! Sandys.
4. The juice of grapes is drawn as well from the rape, or
whole grapes pluck’d from the clufter, and wine pour’d upon
them in a veflel, as from a vat, where they are bruifed. Ray.
5. A plant, from the feed of which oil isexprefled.
R/VPID. adj. [rapide, Fr. rapidus, Lat.] Quick ; lwift.
Part fhun the goal with rapid wheels. Milton,
While you fo fmoothly turn and rowl our fphere,
That rapid motion does but reft appear. Dryden.
Rapi'dity. n.f. \rapidite, Fr. rapiditas, from rapidus, Lat.J
Celerity ; velocity ; fwiftnefs.
Where the words are not monofyllables, we make them fo
by our rapidity of pronunciation. Addifon's Spectator.
Rapi'dly. adv. [from rapid.] Swiftly ; with quick motion.
Rapi'dness. n.f [from rapid.] Celerity; fwiftnefs.
Ra'pier. n.f. [rapiere, Fr. fo called from the quicknefs of its
motion.] A fmall fword ufed only in thrufting.
I will turn thy falfehocd to thy heart.
Where it was forged, with my rapier's point. Shakefp.
A foldier of far inferior ftrength may manage a rapier of
fire-arms fo expertly, as to be an overmatch for his adverfary. Pope's EJJ'ay on Horner s Batths.
Rapier-fish, n.f
The rapicr-fjh, called xiphias, grows fometimes to the
length of five yards : the fword, which grows level from the
fnout of the fifh, is here about a yard long, at the bafis four
inches over, two-edged, and pointed exa&ly like a rapier:
he preys on fifties, having firft ftabbed them with this
fword. Grew s Mifecum.
R.a'fine. n.f. [rapina, Lat. rapine, Fr.]
1. The adt of plundering.
If the poverty of Scotland might, yet the plen'.y of .Eng¬
land cannot, excufe the envy and rapine of the church s
rights. Mng Charles.
The logick of a conquering fword may filencc, but con¬
vince it cannot; its efficacy rather breeds averfion and abhor¬
rence of that religion, whofe firft addrefs is in blood and
rapine. Decay of Piety.
2. Violence; force.
Her leaft adlion overaw’d
His malice, and with rapine lweet bereav’d
His fiercenefs of its fierce intent. Milton.
Ra'pper. n.f [from rap.] One who ftrikes.
Ra'pport. n.f. [rappat,Yr.] Relation; reference; propor¬
tion. A word introduced by the innovator. Temple, but not
copied by others.
’Tis obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions
and languages in every country, and how great a difference
this muft make in the excellence of books. Tempi!.
To Rapt. v. n. [this word is ufed by Chapman {or rap impro¬
perly, as appears from the participle, which from rapt would
be not rapt, but ropted.] To ravifh; to put in eeftafy.
You may fafe approve.
How ftrong in inftigation to their love
Their rapting tunes are. Chapman's Odyffey.
Rapt. n.f. \ftomrap.] A trance ; an eeftafy.
RA'PTURE. n.f.
I. Eeftafy ; tranlport; violence of any pleafing paffion; enthufiafm ; uncommon heat of imagination.
Mufick, when thus applied, raifes in the mind of the hearer
great conceptions; it ftrengthens devotion, and advances
praife into rapture. Addifon's Spectator, Np 4°6-
You "row correct, that once with rapture writ. Pope.
Rapidity
7
R A R
2.' Rapidity ; haflc.
The wat’rv throng,
Wave rowling after wave, where way they found.
If fteep, with torrent rapture ; if through plain
Soft-ebbing ; nor withftood them rock or hill. Milton.
RaTtureo. adj. [from rapture.] Raviflied ; tranl'portcd.
A bad word.
He drew
Such madning draughts of beauty to the foul,
As for awhile caiicell’d his raptur'd thought
\\ith luxury too* daring. Thomfan's Summer.
Rapturous, adj. [from rapture.] Ecftatick ; tranfporting.
Arc the pleaiures oi it fo inviting and rapturous ? is a man
bound to look out fharp to plague himfelf r Collier.
RARE. adj. [rains, Eat. rare, hr. in all the fenfes but the
laft.]
1. Scarce; uncommon.
Live to be the fhew, and gaze o’ th’ time ;
W e 11 have you, as our rarer moulders are.
Painted upon a pole. Shake/p.
2. Excellent; incomparable; valuable to a degree feldom found.
This jealoufy
Is for a precious creature; as {he’s rare,
IVluft it be great; and as his perlon’s mighty.
Mull it be violent. Shakejp. Winters Tale.
On which was wrought the gods and giants fiofit.
Rare work, all fill’d with terror and delight. ° Cowley.
Above the reft I judge one beauty rare. Dryden.
3. Thinly fcattered.
The cattle in the fields and meadows careen
Thofe rare and folitary, thefe in flocks °
Pafturing at once, and in broad herds upfpruns;. Milton
4. Thin ; fubtle ; not denfe.
1 hey are of fo tender and weak a nature, as they affedt
omy luen a rare and attenuate fubllance, as the fpint oflivintr
creatures. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
So eagerly the fiend
O’er bog orfteep, through ftrait, rough, denfe, or rare,
With head, hands, wings, or feet, purfues his way. Milt.
The denle and bright light of the circle will obicure the
rare and weak light of thefe dark colours round about it, and
render them almoft infenfible. Newton's Opticks.
Bodies are much more rare and porous than is commonly
believed : water is nineteen times lighter, and by confequence
nineteen times rarer than gold, and gold is lb rare, as very
readily, and without the leaft oppofition, to tranfmit the
msgnetick effluvia, and eafily to admit quickfilver into its
pores, and to let water pafs through it. Newton’s Opticks.
5. Raw ; not fully fubdued by the fire. This is often pro¬
nounced rear.
New-laid eggs, with Baucis’ bufy care.
Turn’d by a gentle fire, and roafted rare. Dryden.
Ra reeshow. n.f [this word is formed in imitation of the
foreign way of pronouncing rarejhow.] A fhow carried in a
box.
The fafliions of the town affedt us juft like a rareejhow, we
have the cunofity to peep at them, and nothing more. Pope.
Of rareejhows he fung, and Punch’s feats. Gay.
Rarefa'ction. n.f. [rarefaction, Fr. from rarefy.] Extenfion of the parts of a body, that makes it take up more room
than it did before ; contrary to condenfation.
The water within being rarefied, and by rarefaction refolved
into wind, will force up the fmoak. Wotton's Architecture.
When exhalations, fhut up in the caverns of the earth by
rarefaction or compreffion, come to be ftraitened, they ftrive
every way to fet themfelves at liberty. Burnet.
Rarf/fiable. adj. [from rarefy.] Admitting rarefaction.
loRAREIY. v. a. [rarefier, fr. rams and facio, Lat. ratify
were more proper.] 1 o make thin : contrary to condenfe.
To the hot equator crouding faft,
Where highly rarefied the yielding air
Admits their fteam. Thomfon.
To Ra ref y. v. n. To become thin.
Earth rarefies to dew ; expanded more
The fubtil dew in air begins to foar. Dryden’s Fables.
Ra rely, adv. [from rare.]
1. Seldom; not often; not frequently.
Rarely they rife by virtue’s aid, who lie
Plung’d in the depth of helplefs poverty. Dryden’s Juven.
Vanefl’a in her bloom, J
Advanc’d like Atalanta’s ftar,
But rarely feen, and feen from far. Shift's Mifcellanies
2, Finely ; nicely ; accurately.
How rarely does it meet with this time’s guife.
When man was will’d to love his enemies. Shakefp.
Ra'ueness. n.f [from rare.]
J. Uncommonnefs ; ftate of happening feldom ; infrequency.
Tickling is moft in the loles, arm-holes and fides : the
caufe is the tbmnefs of the fkin, joined with the rarenefs of
being touched there ; for tickling is a light motion of the /pi¬
nts, which the thinnefs of the fkin, the fuddenefs and rare¬
nefs of touch doth further. Bacon.
R A S
For the rarenefs and rare efFedt of that petition, I’ll inferf
it as prefented. Clarendon.
Of my heart I now a prefent make;
Accept it as when early fruit we fend,
And let the rarenefs the final! gift commend. Dryden.
2. Value arifing from fcarcity.
Rofes fet in a pool, fupported with fome flay, is matter of
rarenefs and pleafure, though of fmall ufe. Bacon.
To worthieft things,
Virtue, art, beauty, fortune, now I fee
RareneJ's or ufe, not nature, value brings. Donne.
Ra'rity, n.f. [rarite, Fr. raritas, Lat.]
1. Uncommonnefs ; infrequency.
So far from being fond of any one for its rarity, if I meet
with any in a field which pleales me, I give it a place in my
garden. Spectator.
2. A thing valued for its fcarcity.
Sorrow would be a rarity moft bdov’d.
If all could lo become it. Shakefp. King Lear.
It would be a rarity worth the feeing, could any one (Few
us fuch a thing as a perfe&ly reconciled enemy. South.
I faw three rarities of different kinds, which pleafed me
more than any other fhows of the place. Addifon.
3. Thinnefs ; iubtlety : the contrary to denfity.
Bodies, under the fame outward bulk, have a greater thii\-
nefs and expanfion, or thicknefs and folidity, which terms, ia
Englifh, do not figmfy fuily thofe differences ofquantity; there¬
fore I will do it under the names oi rarity and denfity. Digby.
This I do, not to draw ally argument againft them from
the uinverlal reft or accurately equal diffufion of matter, but
only that I may better demonlfrate the great rarity and tenuity
o imaSlnarry chaos- Bentley'S Sermons.
RA oLAL. n.J. [paycaj, Saxon, a lean beaft.] A mean fel¬
low ; a lcoundrel; a forry wretch.
for the rajeal commons, left he cared. Spenfer.
And when him lift the rafeal routs appal.
Men into ftones therewith he could tranfinew. Fa. Duexn.
When Marcus Brutus grows fo covetous
To lock luch rajeal counters from his friends :
Be ready, gods, with all your thunder-bolts,
Ualhhmito pieces. sbahfp. Julius Cahr.
1 he rajeal people, thirfting after prey.
Join with the traitor. Shakejp. Henry VI. p. ii.
But for our gentlemen.
The moufe ne’er fhun’d the cat, as they did budae
From rajeals worie than they. ° Shakefb
1 am accord to rob in that thief's company; the rafealA
remov d my horfe. SbahJp. H.nr, IV. p. i.
Scoundiels are infolent to their fuperiors; but it does not
become a man of honour to conteft with mean rafeals. L'Eft.
Did 1 not fee you, rafeal, did I not !
When you lay fnug to ihap young Damon’s goat ? Dryden.
I have fenfe, to ferve my turn, in ftore.
And he’s a rafeal who pretends to more. Dryden’s Perfins
The poor girl provoked told him he lyed like a rafeal. Sw.
Rasca lion. n.f. [from rafeal.] One of the loweft people.
That proud dame
Us’d him fo like a bafe rafcallion,
That old pig—what d’ye call him—malion.
That cut his miftrefs out of ftone.
Had not fo hard a hearted one. Hudibras, p. i.
Rascality, n.f. [from rajheal.] The low mean people.
Pretended philoiophers judge as ignorantly in their way,
as the rafeality in theirs. Glanvill's Scepf.
Jeroboam having procured his people gods, the next thing
was to provide prieils; hereupon, to the calves he adds a
commiflion, for the approving, trying and admitting the raf¬
eality and loweft of the people to minifter in that f'ervice. South.
Rascally, adj. [from rajeal.] Mean; worthlefs.
Would’ft thou not be glad to have the niggardly royally
fheep-biter come by fome notable fhame. Shakejp.
Our rafeally porter is fallen faft afleep with the black cloth
and iconces, or we might have been tacking up by this
tff' . . Swift.
lo Rase. v. a. [this word is written rafe or raze: I would
write lafe, when it fignifies to ftrike flightly, perfringere ; and
raze, when it fignifies to ruin, deleft-, rajer, Fr. rajus. Eat.]
1. 1 o fkim ; to ftrike on the furface.
He certifies your lordfnip, that this night
He dreamt the boar had rajedoff his helm. Shakefp.
Was he not in the nearelt neighbourhood to death l and
might not the bullet, that rajod his cheek, have gone into
his head. .//,» o
»t-> . . , n ooutto s Sermons.
2. 1 o overthrow ; to deftroy; to root up.
Her battering engines bent to rafe fome city. Milton
3. To blot out by rafure ; to erafb. 7 Milton.
'1 hough of their names in heav’nly records now
ije no memoiiai, blotted out and vaied AA'l**
RASH.^^ Dmch.] Hafty / vTolem ; p
acting without caution or reflection. *
1 his is to be bold without fliame, rajb without flail, full of
words without wtt. Vw, SdNaJhr.
E J Blaft
R A T RAT
Blaft her pride, O ye bleft gods! fo will you wifti on me,
when the rajh mood is on me. Sbakefp.
I have fcarce lcifure to falute you,
My matter is fo rajh. Sbakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
Be not rajh with thy mouth, and Jet not thine heart be
hafty to utter any thing before God ; for God is in heaven,
and thou upon earth ; therefore let thy words be few. Eccluf.
Her rajh hand in evil hour,
Forth reaching to the fruit, fhe pluck d, (he eat. Milton.
&ASH. n. f. [raj'cia, Italian.]
t. Sattin. Minjhew.
2.[Corrupted probably from rujh.) An efflorefcence on the
body ; a breaking out.
IR-a'sher; n.f. [rajura lardi, Lat.] A thin (lice of bacon.
If we grow all to be pork eaters, we {hall not fhortly have
a rajher on the coals for money. Sbakefp. Merch. of Venice.
White and black was all her homely cheer.
And rajhers of fing’d bacon on the coals. Dryden.
Quenches his third: with ale in nut-brown bowls,
And takes the hafty rajher from the coals. King.
Ra'shly* adv. [from rajh.] Haftily ; violently; without due
confideration.
This expedition was by York and Talbot
Too rajhly plotted. Sbakefp. Henry VI. p. i.
Men are not rajhly to take that for done, which is not
done. Bacon’s NaturalHjlory.
He that doth any thing rajhly, muft do it willingly ; for he
was free to deliberate or not. L’Ejlrange’s Fables.
Declare the lecrefvillain,
The wretch fo meanly bafe to injure Phaedra,
So rafoly brave to dare the fword of Thefeus. Smith.
Ra'shness. n. f [from rafh.~\ Foolilh contempt of danger ;
inconftderate heat of temper ; precipitation ; temerity.
Who feeth not what fentence it {hall enforce us to give
againft all churches in the world ; in as much as there is not
one, but hath had many things eftablifhed in it, which though
the feripture did never command, yet for us to condemn were
rajhnefs. Hooker, b. iii. f. 6.
Nature to youth hot rafmefs doth difpence.
But with cold prudence age doth recompence. Denham.
In fo fpcaking, we offend indeed • againft truth ; yet we
offend not properly by falfhood, which is a fpeaking againft
our thoughts ; but by rajhnefs, which is an affirming or de¬
nying, before we have fufficiently informed ourfelves. South.
The vain Morat by his own rajhnefs wrought,
Too foon difeover’d his ambitious thought.
Believ’d me his, becaufe I fpoke him fair. Dryden.
IIasp. n.f. [rafpo, Italian.] A flelicious berry that grows on
a fpecies of the bramble ; a rafpberry.
Sorrel fet amongft rafps, and the rafps will be the fmaller.
Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
Now will the corinths, now the rafps fupply
Delicious draughts, when preft to wines. Philips.
To RASP. v. a. [rafpen, Dutch ; rafper, Fr. rafpare, Italian.]
To rub to powder with a very rough file.
Some authors have advifed the rafping of thefe bones ; but
in this cafe it is needlefs. JViJeman’s Surgery.
Having prepared hard woods and ivory for the lathe with
rafping, they pitch it between the pikes. Moxon.
Rasp. n.f. [from the verb.] A large rough file, commonly
ufed to wear away wood.
Cafe-hardening is ufed by file-cutters, when they make
coarfe files, and generally moil rafps have formerly been made
of iron and cafe-hardened. Moxon s Mechanical Exercifes.
Ra'spatory. n.f. [rafpatoir, Fr. from rafp.] A chirurgeon’s
rafp.
I put into his mouth a rafpatory, and pulled away the cor¬
rupt flelh, and with cauteries burnt it to a cruft.
Wifeman’s Surgery.
Ra'spberry, or Rafberry. n.f. A kind of berry.
Rafpberries are of three forts ; the common wild one, the
large red garden rafpberry, which is one of the pleafanteft
of fruits, and the white, which is little inferior to the
red. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
Raspberry-bush. n. f. A fpecies of bramble.
Ra'sure. n.f. [rafura, Lat.]
1. The act of feraping or {having.
2. A mark in a writing where fomething has been rubbed out.
Such a writing ought to be free from any vituperation of
rafure. Aylijfe’s Parergon.
Rat. n.f. [ratte, Dutch ; rat, Fr. ratta, Spanilh.J An animal
of the moufe kind that infefts houfes and {hips.
Our natures do purfue,
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane. Sbakefp.
Make you ready your ftiff bats and clubs,
Rome and her rats are at the point of battle. Sbakefp.
I have feen the time, with my long fword I would have
made you four tall fellows ikip like rats. Sbakefp.
1 hus horfes will knable at walls, and rats will gnaw
lron'• . Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
If in defpair he goes out of the way like a rat with a dofe
of arfenick, why he dies nobly. Dennis.
A
To fmell a Rat. To be put on the watch by fufpicion as the
cat by the feent of a rat; to fufpeft danger.
Quoth Hudibras, I fmell a rat,
Ralpho, thou doft prevaricate. Hudibras, p. i,
Ra'table. adj. [from rate.] Set at a certain value.
1 he Danes brought in a reckoning of money by ores, per
oras ; I colled! out of the abby-book of Burton, that twenty
orae were ratable to two marks of filver. Camden’s Remains.
Ra'tably. adv. Proportionably.
Many times there is no proportion of {hot and powder al¬
lowed ratably by that quantity of the great ordnance. Raleigh.
Rata'fia. n.f. A fine liquor, prepared from the kernels of
apricots and fpirits. Bailey.
Rata'n. n.f. An Indian cane. Difi.
RatCH. ) n.f. In clockwork, a fort of wheel, which ferves
Rash. ) to lift up the detents every hour, and thereby make
the clock ftrike. Bailey.
RATE. n.f. [ratus, Lat. rate, oldFr.]
1. Price fixed on any thing.
How many things do we value, becaufe they come at dear
rates from Japan and China, which if they were our own
manufacture, common to be had, and for a little money,
would be neglected ? Locke.
I’ll not betray the glory of my name,
’Tis not for me, who have preferv’d a ftate.
To buy an empire at fo bafe a rate. Dryden.
The price of land has never changed, in the feveral changes
have been made in the rate of intereft by law ; nor now that
the rate of intereft is by law the fame, is the price of land
every where the fame. Locke.
2. Allowance fettled.
His allowance was a continual allowance, a daily rate for
every day. 2 Kings xxv. 30.
They obliged themfelves to remit after the rate of twelve
hundred thoufand pounds fterling per annum, divided into fo
many monthly payments. Addifon.
3. Degree ; comparative height or valour.
I am a fpirit of no common rate ;
The fummer {fill doth tend upon my ftate. Sbakefp.
I have difabled mine eftate,
By fhewing fomething a more fwelling port.
Than my faint means would grant continuance ;
Nor do 1 now make moan to be abridged
From fuch a noble rate. Sbakefp. Merchant of Venice.
In this did his holinefs and godlinefs appear above tha rate
and pitch of other mens, in that he was fo infinitely mer¬
ciful. Calamy’s Sermons,
To which relation whatfoever is done agreeably, is mo¬
rally and effentially good ; and whatfoever is done otherwife,
is at the fame rate morally evil. South.
4. Quantity affignable.
In goodly form comes on the enemy ;
And by the ground they hide, Ijudge their number
Upon or near the rate of thirty thoufand. Sbakefp.
5. That which fets value.
Heretofore the rate and ftandard of wit was very different
from what it is now-a-days : no man was then accounted a
wit for fpeaking fuch things, as deferved to have the tongue
cut out. South’s Sermons.
A virtuous heathen is, at this rate, as happy as a virtuous
chriftian. Atterbury.
6. Manner of doing any thing ; 'degree to which any thing ft
done.
Many of the horfe could not march at that rate, nor come
up foon enough. Clarendon, b. viii.
Tom hinting his diflike of fome trifle his miftrefs had faid,
{he afked him how he would talk to her after marriage, if he
talked at this rate before ? Addifon.
7. Tax impofed by the parilh.
They paid the church and parifh rate,
And took, but read not the receipt. Prior.
To Rate. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To> value at a certain price.
I freely told you, all the wealth I had
Ran in my veins, I was a gentleman ;
And yet, dear lady,
Rating myfelf as nothing, you {hall fee
How much I was a braggart. Sbakefp. Merch. of Venice.
We may there be inftru&ed, how to name and rate all
goods, by thofe that will concentre into felicity. Beyle.
You feem not high enough your joys to rate,
You ftand indebted a vaft fum to fate,
And {hould large thanks for the great bleffing pay. Dryden,
2. [Reita, Iflandick.] To chide haftily and vehemently.
Go rate thy minions, proud infulting boy,
Becomes it thee to be thus bold in terms
Before thy fovereign. Sbakefp. Henry VI. p. *ii.
An old lord of the council rated me the other day in the
ftreet about you, Sir. Sbakefp. Henry IT- pVi.
What is all that a man enjoys, from a year’s converfe,
comparable to what he feels for one hour, when his confidence
{hall take him afide and rate him by himlelf. South.
XI
RAT
If words are fometimes to be ufed, they ought to be grave,
kind and fober, reprei'enting the ill or unbecomingnefs of the
faults, rather than a hafty rating of the child for it. Locke.
Rath. n.J'. A hill. I know not whence derived.
There is a great ufe among the Irifh, to make great affemblies together upon a rath or hill, there to parly about
matters and wrongs between townfhips or private perfons.
Spenfer on Ireland.
Rath. adv. Early.
Thus is my fummer worn away and wafted.
Thus is my harveft haften’d all too rathe,
The car, that budded fair, is burnt and blafted.
And all my hoped gain is turn’d to fcathe. Spenfer.
Strong Lagaean wines
Rath ripe and purple grapes there be. Mays Virgil.
Rath ripe are iome, and fome of later kind.
Of golden fome, and fome of purple rind. May’s Virgil.
RA 1 H. adj. [paS, Saxon, quickly.] Early 3 coming before
the time.
Bring the rath primrofe that forfaken dies.
The tufted crow-toe and pale jeftamine. Milton.
RaTher. adv. [this is a comparative from rath ; pa^, Saxon,
foon. Now out of ufe. One may ftill fay, by the fame
form of (peaking, I will fooner do this than that3 that is, I
like better to do this.]
1. More willingly 5 with better liking.
Almighty God defireth not the death of a finner, but ra¬
ther that he fhould turn from his wickednefs and live.
Common Prayer.
2. Preferably to the other 3 with better reafon.
’Tis rather to be thought, that an heir had no fuch right
by divine inftitution, than that God fhould give fuch a right,
but yet leave it undeterminate who fuch heir is. Locke.
3. In a greater degree than otherwife.
He fought through the world, but fought in vain.
And no where finding, rather fear’d her thin. Dryden.
4. More properly.
This is an art,
Which does mend nature, change it rather, but
The art itfelf is nature. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
5. Efpecially.
You are come to me in a happy time,
The rather for I have fome fport in hand. Shakefp.
6. To have Rathe r. [this is, I think, a barbarous exprefiion
of late intrufion into our language, for which it is better to
fay willrather.'] To defire in preference.
’Tis with reludtancy he is provoked by our impenitence to
apply the difcipline of feverity and correction3 he had rather
mankind fhould adore him as their patron and benefa&or.
Rogers’s Sermons.
Ratification, n.f [ratification3 Fr. from ratify.] The act
of ratifying3 confirmation.
RaTifier. n.f [from ratify.] The perfon or thing that
ratifies.
They cry, « chufe we Laertes for our king
The ratifiers and props of every word,
Caps, hands and tongues applaud it to the clouds. Shakefp.
To RA'TIFY. v. a. [ratumfacio3 Latin.] To confirm ; to
fettle.
The church being a body which dieth not, hath always
power, as occalion requireth, no lefs to ordain that which
never was, than to ratify what hath been before. Hooker.
By the help of thefe, with him above
To ratify the work, we may again
Give to our tables meat, fleep to our nights. Shakefp.
We have ratified unto them the borders ofJudsea. 1 Mac.
God ratified their prayers by the judgment they brought
down upon the head of him, whom they prayed againft.
South.
Tell me, my friend, from whence had’ft thou the fkill.
So nicely to diftinguifh good from ill ?
And what thou art to follow, what to fly,
This to condemn, and that to ratify ? Drvden
RA'TIO. n.f. [Latin.] Proportion. ’
Whatever inclinations the rays have to the plane of inci¬
dence, the fine of the angle of incidence of every ray confidered apart, fhall have to the fine of the angle of refradion
a conftant ratio. Cbeyne’s Philosophical Principles.
To RATIO'CINATE. v.n. [ratiocinor, Lat.] To reafon}
to argue.
Ratiocination, n.f. [ratiocination Lat.] The ad of reafoning ; the ad of deducing confequences from premifes.
In fimple terms, exprefling the open notions of things,
which the fecond ad of reafon compoundeth into propofitions, and the laft into fyllogifms and forms of ratioci¬
nation. Brown.
Can any kind of ratiocination allow Chrift all the marks of
the Mefliah, and yet deny him to be the Mefliah ? South.
Such an infeription would be felf-evident without any ra¬
tiocination or ftudy, and could not fail conftantly to exert its
energy in their minds. Bentley.
RAT
Ratio'cinative. adj. [from ratiocinate.] Argumentative 3
advancing by procefs of difeourfe.
Some confecutions are fo intimately and evidently connexed
to, or found in the premifes, that the conclufion is attained
quafi per faltum, and without any thing of ratiocihative pro¬
cefs, even as the eye fees his objed immediately, and without
any previous difeourfe. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
RA/1 IONAL. adj. [rationalise Latin.]
1. Having the powqr of reafoning.
2. Agreeable to reafon.
What higher in her fociety thou find’ft
• Attradive, humane, rationale love ftill. Milton.
When the conclufion is deduced from the unerring didates
of our faculties, we fay the inference is rational. Glanvill.
If your arguments be rational, offer them in as moving a
manner as the nature of the fubjed will admit 3 but beware
of letting the pathetick part fwallow up the rational. Swift.
3. Wife3 judicious : as, a rational man.
Rationale, n.f. [from ratio, Lat.] A detail with reafbns :
as, Dr. Sparrow’s Rationale of the Comtnon Prayer.
RaTionalist. n.f. [from rational.] One who proceeds in
his difquifitions and pradice wholly upon reafon.
He often ufed this comparifon 3 the empirical philofophers
are like to pifmires 5 they only lay up and ufe their ftore :
the rationalfis are like to fpiders ; they fpin all out of their
own bowels : but give me a philofopher, who, like the bee,
hath a middle faculty, gathering from abroad, but digefting
that which is gathered by his own virtue. ‘Bacon.
Rationality. n.f. [from rational.]
1. The power of reafoning.
When God has made rationality the common portion of
mankind, how came it to be thy inclofure ? Gov. ofthe Tong.
2. Reafonablenefs.
In human occurrences, there have been many well direded
intentions, whofe rationalities will never bear a rigid exami¬
nation. , Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Rationally, adv. [from rational.] Realonably 3 with
reafon.
Upon the propofal of an agreeable objed, it may rationally
be conjedured, that a man’s choice will rather incline him to
accept than to refufe it. South;
Ratio'nalness. n.f. [from rational.] The ftate of beiiw
rational. 0
Ra tsbane. n.f [? at and bane.] Poifon for rats 3 arfenick.
Poor Tom ! that hath laid knives under his pillow, and
halters in his pew, fet ratjbane by his porridge. Shakefp.
He would throw ratjbane up and down a houfe, where chil¬
dren might come at it. L’Efirangt.
When murder’s out, what vice can we advance ?
Unlefs the new-found pois’ning trick of France 3
And when their art of ratfbane we have got.
By way of thanks, we’ll fend ’em o’er our plot. Dryden.
I can hardly believe the relation of his being poifoned, but
fack might do it, though ratjbane would not. Swift to Po*e.
RaTteen. n.f A kind of fluff.
We’ll rig in Meath-ftreet Egypt’s haughty queen.
And Anthony fhall court her in ratteen* Swift„
To RaTtle. v. n. [ratelene Dutch.]
1. To make a quick fharp noife with frequent repetitions and
collifions of bodies not very fonorous : when bodies are fonorous, it is called jingling.
The quiver rattleth againft him. J°h xxxix. 23.
The noife of a whip, of the rattling of fhe wheels, of
prancing horfes, and of the jumping chariots. Nah. iii. 2.
They had, to affright the enemies horfes, big rattles co¬
vered with parchment, and fmall ftones within 3 but the
rattling of fhot might have done better fervice. Hayward.
He was too warm on picking work to dwell 5
He fagoted his notions as they fell.
And if they rhym’d and rattled all was well. Dryden.
There fhe affembles all her blacked ftorms,
And the rude hail in rattling tempeft forms. Addifon.
2. To fpeak eagerly and noifily.
With jealous eyes at diftance fhe had feen
Whifp’ring with Jove the filver-footed queen j
Then, impotent of tongue, her filence broke.
Thus turbulent in rattling tone fhe fpoke. Dryden.
He is a man of pleafure, and a free-thinker 5 he is an affertor of liberty and property 3 he rattles it out againft:
J
Swift. popery.
To Ra'ttle* v. a.
1. To move any thing fo as to make a rattle or noife.
Her chains fhe rattles3 and her whip fhe fhakes. Dryden
2. To flun with a noife ; to drive with a noife. J
Sound but another, and another fhall,
As loud as thine, rattle the Welkin’s ear
And mock the deep-mouth’d thunder. ’ SbaU/h.
He ftould be well enough able to fcatter the Irilh as a flight
of buds, and rank away this fwarm of bees with their
iri“' Bacon's Henry VII.
3. To
R A V R A V
3. To fcold 3 to rail at with clamour.
Hearing /Efop had been beforehand, he fent for him in a
rage, and rattled him with a thoufand traitors and villains for
robbing his houfe. L’EJlrange.
She that would fometimes rattle off her fervants pretty
fharply, now if fhe faw them drunk, never took any notice.
Arbuthnot’s Hi/lory of 'John Bull.
Ra'ttle. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A quick noife nimbly repeated.
I’ll hold ten pound my dream is out ;
I’d tell it you but for the rattle
Of thofe confounded drums. Prior.
2. Empty and loud talk.
All this ado about the golden age, is but an empty rattle
and frivolous conceit. Hakewill on P? ovidence.
3. An inftrument, which agitated makes a clattering noife.
The rattles ofIlls and the cymbals ofBrafilea nearly enough
refemble each other. Raleigh’s Hi/lory of the World.
The}? had, to affright the enemies horfes, big rattles co¬
vered with parchment and ffnall ftones within. Hayward.
Opinions are the rattles of immature intellects, but the
advanced reafons have outgrown them. Glanvill’s Scepf
They want no rattles for their froward mood,
Nor nurfe to reconcile them to their food. Dryden.
Farewel then verfe, and love, and ev’ry toy.
The rhymes and rattles of the man or boy ;
What right, what true, what fit wejuftly call.
Let this be all my care 3 for this is all. Pope.
4. A plant.
Rattleheaded, adj. [rattle and head.] Giddy 3 not fteady.
Rattlesnake, n.f. A kind of ferpent.
The rattlejnake is fo called, from the rattle at the end of
his tail. Grew’s Mufezum.
She lofes her being at the very fight of him, and drops
plump into his arms, like a charmed bird into the mouth of
a rattlefnake. Moore's Foundling.
Rattlesnake Root, n.f
Rattlefnake root, called alfo feneka, belongs to a plant, a na¬
tive of Virginia 3 the Indians ule it as a certain remedy again!!
the bite of a rattlefnake : it has been recommended in all
cafes, in which the blood is known to be thick and fizy. Hill.
Ra'ttoon. n.f. A Weft Indian fox, which has this peculiar
property, that if any thing be offered to it that has lain in
water, it will wipe and turn it about with its fore feet, before
it will put it to its mouth. Bailey.
To RA'VAGE. v. a. [ravager, Fr.] To lay wafte; to fack 3
to ranfack 3 to fpoil 3 to pillage 3 to plunder.
Already Csefar
Has ravaged more than half the globe, and fees
Mankind grown thin by his deftrudive fword. Addifon.
His blafts obey, and quit the howling hill.
The fhatter’d foreft, and the ravag’d vale. Thomfon.
Ravage, n.f [ravage, Fr. from the verb.] Spoil 3 ruins
wafte.
Some cruel pleafure will from thence arife.
To view the mighty ravage of your eyes. Dryden.
Would one think ’twere poflible for love
To make fuch ravage in a noble foul. Addifon.
Thofe favages were not then, what civilized mankind is
now 5 but without mutual fociety, without arms of offence,
without houfes or fortifications, an obvious and expofed prey
to the ravage of devouring beafts. Bentley.
RaVager. n.f. [from ravage.] Plunderers fpoiler.
When that mighty empire was overthrown by the northern
people, vaft fums of money were buried to efcape the plun¬
dering of the conquerors 3 and what remained was carried
off by thofe ravagers. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
Rau'city, n.f. [raucus, Lat.] Hoarfenefs 3 loud rough noife.
Inequality not ftayed upon, but paffing, is rather an encreafe of fweetnefs 3 as in the purling of a wreathed firing,
and in the raucity of a trumpet. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
To Rave. v. n. [reven, Dutch 3 rever, Fr.]
1. To be delirious 3 to talk irrationally.
Men who thus rave, we may conclude their brains are
turned, and one may as well read leClures at Bedlam as treat
with fuch. Government of the “Tongue.
It foon infe&eth the whole member, and is accompa¬
nied with watching and raving. Wifcjnan's Surgery.
Her grief has wrought her into frenzy.
The images her troubled fancy forms
Are incoherent, wild 3 her words disjointed :
Sometimes fhe raves for mufick, light and air 3
Nor air, nor light nor mufick calm her pains. Smith.
2. 1 o burft out into furious exclamations as if mad.
Shall thele wild diftempers of thy mind,
1 his tempeft of thy tongue, thus rave, and find
No opposition l Sandys’s Paraphrafc on fob.
Our ravings and complaints are but like arrows lhot up
into the air, at no mark, and fo to no purpofe. “Temple.
Wonder at my patience.
Have I not cau(j|to rave, and beat my breaft,
'Fo rend my heart with grief, and run diftradted. Addifon,
Revenge, revenge, thus raving through the ftreets,
I’ll cry for vengeance. Southern’s Spartan Dame.
He fworc he could not leave me.
With ten thoufand ravings. , Rowe’s Royal Convert.
3. To be unreasonably fond. With upon before the object of
fondnefs. A colloquial and improper fenfe.
Another partiality is a fantaftical and wild attributing all
knowledge to the ancients or the moderns: this raving upon
antiquity, in matter of poetry, Horace has wittily expofed in
one of his fatires. Locke.
To Ra vel. v. a. [ravelen, Dutch, to entangle.]
I. To entangle 3 to entwift one with another3 to make intri¬
cate 3 to involve 3 to perplex.
As you unwind her love from him,
Left it fhould ravel, and be good to none.
You muft provide to bottom it on me. Shakefp.
If then fuch praife the Macedonian got.
For having rudely cut the Gordian knot;
What glory’s due to him that cou’d divide
Such ravel'd int’refts, has the knot unty’d.
And without ftroke fo fmooth a paliage made.
Where craft and malice fuch obftrudtions laid. Walker.
I.
2.
2. To unweave 3 to unknit: as, to ravel out a twijl or piece of
knit work. <
Let him for a pair of reechy kiffes.
Or padlingin your neck with his damn’d fingers.
Make you to ravel all this matter out. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Sleep that knits up the ravel'd fleeve of care. bhakejp.
3. To hurry over in confufion. This feems to be the meaning
in Digby.
They but ravel it over loofely, and pitch upon difputing
again!! particular conclufions, that at the firft encounter of
them lingle, feem harfh to them. Digby.
To Ra'vel. v. n.
To fall into perplexity or confufion.
Give the reins to wandering thought,
Regardlefs of his glory’s diminution ;
Till by their own perplexities involv’d.
They ravel more, ftill lefs refolv’d.
But never find felf-fatisfying folution. Milton’s Agonijles.
To work in perplexity 3 to bufy himfelf with intricacies.
It will be needlefs to ravel far into the records of elder
times 3 every man’s memory will fuggeft many pertinent
inftances. Decay of Piety.
The humour of ravelling into all thefe myftical or intangled matters, mingling with the intereft and paffions of
princes and of parties, and thereby heightened and inflamed,
produced infinite difputes. Temple.
RA’VELIN. n.f. [French.] In fortification, a work that
confifts of two faces, that make a falient angle, com¬
monly called half moon by the foldiers: it is railed before
the courtines or counterfcarps. Difl.
RA'VEN. n.f. [hprepn, Saxon.] A large black fowl.
The raven himfelf is hoarle
That crokes the fatal entrance of Duncan
Under my battlements. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Come thou day in night,
For thou wilt lie upon the wings of night.
Whiter than fnow upon a raven's back. Shakefp.
I have feen a perfectly white raven, as to bill as well as
feathers. Boyle on Colours.
He made the greedy ravens to be Elias’ caterers, and bring
him food. King Charles.
On fev’ral parts a fev’ral praife beftows.
The ruby lips, and well-proportion’d nofe.
The fnowy Ikin, the raven gloily hair.
The dimpled cheek. Dryden s Cymon and Iphigen:a.
The raven once in fnowy plumes was dreft.
White as the white!! dove’s unfully’d breaft.
His tongue, his prating tongue had chang’d him quite
To footy blacknefs from the pure!! white. Addifon.
To Ra'ven. v. a. [paepian, Saxon, to rob.] To devour with
great eagernefs and rapacity.
Thriftlefs ambition ! that will raven up
Thine own life’s means.
Our natures do purfue.
Like rats that raven down their proper bane,
A thirfty evil; and when we drink we die.
The cloyed will
That fatiate, yet unfatisfied defirc, that tub
Both fill’d and running, ravening firft the lamb.
Longs after for the garbage. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
I here is a confpiracy of the prophets, like a roaring lion
ravening the prey. Ezek. xxii. 25.
To Ra'ven. v. n. To prey with rapacity.
Benjamin Ihall raven as a wolf 3 in the morning he fhall
devour the prey, and at night he !hall divide the fpoil. Gen.
The Pharifees make clean the outlide of the cup 3 but
their inward part is full of ravening and wickednefs. Lake xi.
They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and
a roaring lion. Pfalmxxii. 13’
2
' The
Shake/p.
Shakefp.
R A V
The more they fed, they raven'd ftill for more,
They drain’d from Dan, and left Beerfheba poor j
But when fome lay-preferment fell by chance,
The Gourmands made it their inheritance. Dryden.
Convulfions rack man’s nerves and cares his breaft,
His flying life is chas’d by rav'ning pains
Throu<fl°all his doubles in the winding veins. Blackmore.
Ra'venous° adj. [from raven.] Furioufly voracious j hungry
‘°rage- . Thy defire,
Are wolfifh, bloody, ftarv’d ahd ravenous. Shakefp.
As when a flock
Of ravenous fowl, though many a league remote,
Againft the day of battle, to a. field
Where armies lie encamp’d come flying, lur’d
With fcent of living carcafles. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
What! the kind Ifmena,
That nurs’d me, watch’d my ficknefs ! oh fhe watch’d me.
As rav'nous vultures watch the dying lion. Smith.
Ra'venously. adv. [from ravenous.] With raging voracity.
Ra'venousness. n.f [from ravenous.] Rage for prey ; fu¬
rious voracity.
The ravenoufnefs of a lion or bear are natural to them;
yet their million upon an extraordinary occafion may be an
a£tus imperatus of divine providence. Hale.
Raught. the old pret. and part. palT. of reach. Snatched;
reached; attainedi
His tail was ftretched out in wond’rous length,
That to the houfe of heavenly gods it raugkty
And with extorted power and borrow’d ftrength,
The ever-burning lamps from thence it brought. Fa. Qu.
And that as foon as riper years he raughty
He might, for memory of that day’s ruth.
Be called Ruddyman. Fairy Queen.
In like delights of bloody game.
He trained was till riper years he raught,
And there abode whilft any beaft of name
Walk’d in that foreft; Fairy Queen*
This ftafF of honour raughty there let it ftand.
Where bell it fits to be, in Henry’s hand. Shakefp.
The hand of death has raught him. Shakefp.
Grittus furioufly running in upon Schenden, violently raught
from his head his rich cap of fables, and with his horfemen
took him. Knolles's Hijlory of the Turks*
Ra'vin. n.f. [from raven ; this were better written raven.]
1. Prey ; food gotten by violence.
The lion ftrangled for his lionefles, and filled his holes
with prey, and his dens with' ravin. Nah. iii 2.
To me, who with eternal famine pine.
Alike is hell, or paradife, or heav’n ;
There beft ; where molt with ravin I may meet. Milton.
2. Rapine ; rapacioufnefs.
They might not lie long in a condition expofed to the ravin
of any vermin that may find them, being unable to efcape.
Ray on the Creation.
Ra'vingly. adv. [from rave.] With frenzy ; with diffrac¬
tion.
In this depth of mufes and divers forts of difcourfes, would
fhe ravingly have remained. Sidney, b. ii.
To RA'VISH. v. a. [ravir, Fr.]
1. To conftuprate by force.
They ravifhed the women and maids. Lam. v. 11.
They cut thy filler’s tongue, and ravijh'd\wx. Shakefp.
2. To take away by violence.
Thefe hairs, which thou doll: ravijh from my chin,
Will quicken and accufe thee. Shakefp. King Lear.
Their vow is made
To ranfack Troy, within whofe ftrong immures
The ravijh’d Helen fleeps. Shakefp. Troilus andCrejfda.
I owe myfelf the care,
My fame and injur’d honour to repair;
From thy own tent, proud man, in thy defpite.
This hand lhall ravijh thy pretended right. Dryden.
3. To delight to rapture ; to tranfport.
Thou haft ravijbed my heart. Cant. iv. ix..
Be thou ravifed always with her love. Prov. v. 19.
Ra'visher. n.f. [ravifeur, Fr. from ravijh.]
I that embraces a woman by violence.
They are cruel and bloody, common ravijhers of women,
and murtherers of children. Spenfer's State of Ireland.
A ravijher muft repair the temporal detriment to the maid,
and give her a dowry, or marry her if Ihe defire it. Taylor.
"Turn hence thofe pointed glories of your eyes !
For if more charms beneath thofe circles rife.
So weak my virtue, they fo ftrong appear,
I lhall turn ravijher to keep you here. Dryden.
2. One who takes any thing by violence.
Shall the ravijher dilplay your hair.
While the fops envy, and the ladies Itarc. Pope.
Ravi'shment. n.f [ravijfement, Fr. from ravijh.]
1. Violation; forcible conftupration.
Of his feveral ravijhmentsy betrayings and Healing away of
RAW
men’s wives, came in all thofe ancient fables of his transfor¬
mations and all that rabble of Grecian forgeries. Raleighi
Tell them ancient ftories of the ravijhment of chafte
maidens. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
I told them I was one of their knight-errants that delivered
them from ravijhment. Dryden.
2.Tranfport; rapture; ecftafy ; pleafing violence on the mind;
All things joy, with ravijhment
Attra&ed by thy beauty ftill to gaze. Milton.
Thee all things gaze on,
With ravijhment beheld ! Milton's Par. LoJly b. ix.
Can any mortal mixture of earth’s mould
Breathe fuch divine enchanting ravifoment. Milton.
What a ravijhment was that, when having found out the
way to meafure Hiero’s crown, he leaped out of the bath,
and, as if he were fuddenly pofleft, ran naked up and
down. Wilkins's Deedalus.
RAW. adj-. [hpeap, Saxon ; raa, Danilh ; rouw, Dutch.]
1. Not fubdued by the fire.
Full of great lumps of flefh, and gobbets raw. Spenfer.
2. Not covered with the {kin.
All aloud the wind doth blow.
And coughing drowns the parfon’s faw j
And birds fit brooding in the fnow,
And Marian’s nofe looks red and raw. Shakefp.
If there be quick raw fleflh in the rifings, it is an old leprofy. Lev. xiii. 10.
3. Sore.
This her knight was feeble and too faint,
And all his finews waxen weak and raw
Through long imprifonment. Spenfer.
4. Immature ; unripe.
5. Unfeafoned ; unripe in {kill.
Some people, very raw and ignorant, are very unworthily
and unfitly nominated to places, when men of defert are held
back and unpreferred. Raleigh's EJJdys.
People, while young and raw, and foft-natured, are apt
to think it an eafy thing to gain love, and reckon their own
friendlhip a fure price of another man’s ; but when experience
{hall have once opened their eyes, they will find that a friend
is the gift of God. South:
Sails were fpread to ev’ry wind that blew,
Raw were the failors. and the depths were new. Dryden.
Well I knew
What perils youthful ardour would purfue.
Young as thou wert in dangers, raw to war. Dryden.
6. New. This feems to be the meaning.
I have in my mind
A thoufand raw tricks of thefe bragging jacks. Shakefp.
7. Bleak; chill.
They carried always with them that weed, as their houfe,
their bed and their garment ; and coming laftly into Ireland,
they found there more fpecial ufe thereof, by reafon of the
raw cold climate. Spenfer’s State of Ireland.
Youthful ftill in your doublet and hofe, this raiurheumatick day. Sbakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Once upon a raw and gufty day.
The troubled Tyber chafing with his fhores. Shakefp.
God help thee, {hallow man ; God make
Incifion in thee, thou art raw. Shakefp.
8. Not concofted,
Diftilled waters will laft longer than raw waters. Bacon.
Ra'wboned. adj. [raw and bone.J Having bones fcarcely
covered with flelh.
Lean rawbon'd rafeals ! who would e’er fuppofe
They had fuch courage. Shakefp. Henry VI. p. i.
The wolf was content to barter away a rawboned carcafe
for a fmooth and fat one. L’EJlrange.
Ra/whead. n.f. [raw and head.] The name of a fpe£tre,
mentioned to fright children.
Hence draw thy theme, and to the ftage permit
Rawhead and bloody bones, and hands and feet,
Ragoufts for Tereus or Thyeftes dreft. Dryden.
Servants awe children, and keep them in fubjeflion, by
telling them of rawhead and bloodyboncs. Locke:
Ra'wly. adv. [from raw.]
1. In a raw manner.
2. Unfkilfully.
3. Newly.
Some crying for a furgeon, fome upon the debts they owe,
fome upon their children rawly left. ShakeJp. H.nry Vi
Ra'wness* n.f. [from raw.]
1. State of being raw.
Chalk helpeth conco£tion, fo it be out of a deep well; for
then it cureth the rawnefs of the water. Bacon:
2. Unfkilfulnefs.
Charles V. confidering the rawnefs of his feamen, eftabliflied a pilot major for their examination. Hakewill:
3. Hafty manner. This feems to be the meaning in this obfeure paflage. *
Why in that rawnefs left he wife and children.
Without leave taking. * Shakefp. Macbeth.
21 F Ray,- V
REA
Ray. n.f. [rate, rayon, Fr. radius, Lat.]
1. A beam of light.
Thefe eyes that roll in vain
To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn.
The leaft light, or part of light, which may be
or do or fuffer any thing alone, which the reft,
doth not or fuffers not, i call a ray of light.
2. Any luftre corporeal or intellectual.
The air fharpen’d his vifual ray.
3. [Raye, Fr. raia, Lat.] A fifh4. [Lolium, Lat.] An herb.
To Ray. v. a. [rayer, Fr. from the noun.] To ftreak ; to
mark in long lines. An old word.
Befide a bubbling fountain low {he lay.
Which (he increafed with her bleeding heart,
And the clean waves with purple gore did ray. Fa. fht.
His horfe is rated with the yellows. Sbakefp.
Was ever man fo beaten ? was ever men fo rated ? was
ever man fo weary ? Sbakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
Ray, for array. Spenfer.
Raze, n.f \rayz, a root, Spanilh.] A root of ginger. This
is commonly written race, butlefs properly.
I have a gammon of bacon and two razes of ginger to be
delivered. Sbakefp. Henry IV. p. i.
To Raze. v. a. [rafer, Fr. rafts, Lat. See Rase.
1. To overthrow; to ruin; to fubvert.
Will you fuffer a temple, how poorly built foever, but yet
a temple of your deity, to be razed. Sidney, b. ii.
He yoaketh your rebellious necks,
Razeth your cities, and fubverts your towns. Sbakefp.
It grieved the tyrant, that fo bafe a town fhould fo long
hold out, fo that he would threaten to raze it. Knolles.
Shed chriftian blood, and populous cities raze ;
Becaufe they’re taught to ufe fome different phrafe. Waller.
We touch’d with joy
The royal hand that raz'd unhappy Troy. Dryden.
The place would be nazed to the ground, and its founda¬
tions iown with fait. Addijon's Spectator, N° 189.
2. To efface.
Fatal this marriage ; cancelling your fame,
Razing the characters of your renown. Sbakefp.
Pluck from the memory a rooted forrow.
Raze out the written troubles of the brain. Sbakefp.
He in derifion fets
Upon their tongues a various fpirit, to raze
Quite out their native language; and inftead.
To fow a jangling noife of words. Milton's Par. Lojl.
3. To extirpate.
I’ll find a day to maffacre them all.
And raze their faction and their family. Sbakefp.
RA'ZOR. n.f. [rafor, Lat.] A knife with a thick blade and
fine edge ufed in {having.
Zeal, except ordered aright, ufeth the razor with fuch eagernefs, that the life of religion is thereby hazarded. Hooker.
Thefe words are razors to my wounded heart. Sbakefp.
Thofe thy boift’rous locks, not by the fword
Of noble warrior, fo to ftain his honour,
But by the barber’s razor beft fubdu’d. Milton's Agonijles.
All our lords are by his wealth outvy’d,
Whofe razor on my callow beard was try’d. Dryden.
Razor makers generally clap a fmaJl bar of Venice fteel
between two fmall bars of Flemifh fteel, and weld them to¬
gether, to {Lengthen the back of the tazor. Moxon.
Ra'zourable. adf [from razor.] Fit to be fhaved. Not in ufe.
New-born chins be rough and razourable. Sbakefp.
Ra'zorfish. n.f.
The {heath or razorfif) refembleth in length and bignefs a
man’s finder. Carew s Survey of Cornwall.
Ra'zure. n.f. \rafure, Fr. rafura, Latin.] Act of erafing.
Oh ! your defert fpeaks loud ;
It well deferves with characters of brafs
A forted refidence, ’gainft the tooth of time
And razure of oblivion. Sbakefp. Meajure for Meafure.
Re. Is an infeparable particle ufed by the Latins, and from them
borrowed by us to denote iteration or backward aCtion :
as, return, to come back ; to revive, to live again ; repercuffcn, the adt of driving back.
Rea'ccess. n.f. [r<? and tf«v/}.] Vifit renewed.
Let pafs the quailing and withering of all things by the
recefs, and their reviving by the reaccefs of the fun. Hakewill.
To Reach, v. a. ancient preterite raught, [paecan, Saxon.]
'•To touch with the hand extended.
What are riches, empire, pow’r.
But larger means to gratify the will;
The fteps by which we climb to rife and reach
Our with, and that obtained, down with a fcaffolding
Of feepters, crowns and thrones: they’ve ferv’d their end,
And there like lumber to be left and lcorn’d. Congreve.
2.I o arrive at; to attain any thing diftant ; to ftrike from a
diftancc.
Round the tree
They longing flood, but could not reach. Milton.
O patron pow’r, thy prefent aid afford.
That I may reach the beaft. Dryden.
REA ,
The coaft fo long defir’d
Thy troops {hall reach, but having reach'd, repent. Dryden.
What remains beyond this, we have no more a pofitive no¬
tion of, than a mariner has of the depth of the fea; where,
having let down his founding-line, he reaches no bottom. Locke.
It muft fall perhaps before this letter rca.hcs your hands.
\ Pope.
3.10 fetch from fome place diftant, and give.
He reached me a full cup. 2 Efdr. xiv. 39.
4. 7 o bring forward from a diftant place.
Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach
hither thy hand, and thruft it into my fide. jfohn xx. 27.
5. To hold out; to ftretch forth.
7 befe kinds of goodnefs are fo nearly united to the things
which defire them, that we fcarcely perceive the appetite to
ftir in reaching forth her hand towards them. Hooker.
When thou fitteft among many, reach not thine hand out
firft. Eccluf. xxxi. 18.
6. To attain ; to gain ; to obtain.
The beft accounts of the appearances of nature, which hu¬
man penetration can reach, comes fhort of its reality. Cbeyne.
7. To transfer.
Through fuch hands
The knowledge of the gods is reach'd to man. Rowe.
8. To penetrate to.
Whatever alterations are made in the body, if they reach
not the mind, there is no perception. Locke.
9. To be adequate to.
The law reached the intention of the promoters, and this
a£t fixed the natural price of money. Locke.
If thefe examples of grown men reach not the cafe of chil¬
dren, let them examine. Locke on Education.
10. To extend to.
Thy defire leads to no excefs that reaches blame. Milton.
Her imprecations reach not-to the tomb.
They fhut not out fociety in death. Addifon's Cato.
11. To extend ; to fpread abroad.
Trees reach'd too far their pamper’d boughs. Milton.
To Reach. v. n.
1. To be extended.
We hold that the power which the church hath lawfully
to make laws doth extend unto fundry things of ecclcfiaftical
jurifdidtion, and fuch other matters whereto their opinion is,
that the church’s authority and power doth not reach. Ho ker.
The new world reaches quite crofs the torrid zone in one
tropick to the other. Boyle.
When men purfue their thoughts of fpace, they are apt to
flop at the confines of body, as if fpace were there at an end
too, and reached no farther. Locke.
If I do not afk any thing improper, let me be buried by
Theodofius ; my vow reaches no farther than the grave. Add.
The influence of the ftars rcacloes to many events, which
are not in the power of reafon. Swift.
2. To be extended far.
Great men have reaching hands. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
3. To penetrate.
He hath delivered them into your hand, and ye have flain
them in a rage, that reacheth up into heaven. 2 Cbr. xxviii.
We reach forward into futurity, and bring up to our thoughts
objects hid in the remoteft depths of time. Addijon.
4. 7'o make efforts to attain.
Could a failor always fupply new line, and find the plum¬
met fink without flopping, he would be in the pofture of the
mind, reaching after a pofitive idea of infinity. Locke.
5. To take in the hand.
Left he reach of the tree of life, and eat. Milton.
Reach, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A£t of reaching or bringing by extenfion of the hand.
2. Power of reaching or taking in the hand.
There may be in a man’s reach a book containing pidtures
and dilcourfes, capable to delight and inftrudt him, which yet
he may never have the will to open. Locke.
3. Power of attainment or management.
In adtions, within the reach of power in him, a man feems
as free as it is poflible for freedom to make him. Locke.
4. Power ; limit of faculties.
Our fight may be confidered as a more diffufive kind of
touch, that brings into our reach fome of the mod remote
parts of the univerfe. Addijon.
Be fure yourfelf and your own reach to know,
How far your genius, tafte and learning go. Pope.
5. Connivance ; artful fcheme ; deep thought.
Drawn by others, who had deeper reaches than themfelves
to matters which they leaft intended. Hayward.
Some, under types, have affected obfeurity to amufe and
make themfelves admired for profound reaches. Howel.
6. A fetch ; an artifice to attain fome diftant advantage.
The duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his
own underhand, to crofs the defign. Bacon.
7. Tendency to diftant confequences.
Strain not my fpeech
To groffer iffues, nor to larger reach,
7'han to fufpicion. Sbakefp. Othello.
8.Extent.
Milton.
ftopt alone,
of the light
Newton.
Milton.
Ainfworth.
Ainfworth.
REA REA
S. Extent. ,
The coniines met of empyrean heav n.
And of this world : and, on the left hand, hell
With loii<r reach interpos’d, Milton s 1 ar. Loft, b. x.
To REA/CT.=V a. [re and ait.] To return the impulfe or
^helmws being the chief inftrument of fanguification,
and adtin'T ihongly upon the chyle to bring it to an animal
fluid inutl be reacted upon as ftrongly. Arbuthnot.
Cut off your hand, and you may do
With t’other hand the work of two;
Becauie the foul her power contra&s.
And on the brother limb reacts. Swift's Mifccllanies.
Reaction, n.J'. [reaction, Fr. from rent! J The recipro¬
cation of any impulle or force impreffed, made by the body
on which luch impreffion is made: attion and reaction are
equal.
Do not great bodies conferve their heat the longeft, their
parts heating one another ; and may not great, denfe and
fixed bodies, when heated bdyond a certain degree, emit
light io copioufiy, as, by the emiffion and reaction of its
light, and the reflexions and refradfions of its rays within its
pores, to grow ftill hotter till it comes to a certain period of
heat, fuch as is that of the fun ? Newton’s Opticks.
Alimentary fubftances, of a mild nature, act with fmall
force upon the folids, and as the adtion and reaction are equal,
the fmalleft degree of force in the folids digefts them. Arb.
Read, n.f [pa:o, Saxon; raed, Dutch.]
1. Counfel.
The man is bleft that hath not lent
To wicked read his ear. Sternhold.
2. Saying ; faw. This word is in both fenfes obfolete.
This reade is rife that oftentime
Great cumbers fall unfoft,
In humble dales is footing faff.
The trade is not fo tickle. Spenfer.
To READ. v. a. pret. read, part. paff. read. [paeS, Saxon.]
j. To perufe any thing written.
I have feen her take forth paper, write upon’t, read it,
and afterwards feal it. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The paffage you muff have read, though fince dipt out of
your memory. Pope.
If we have not leifure to read over the book itfelf regularly,
then by the titles of chapters we may be directed to perufe
ieveral fedtions. IVattds Improvement of the Mind.
2. To dilcover by characters or marks.
An armed corfe did lye.
In whofe dead face he read great magnanimity. Spenfer.
3. To learn by obfervation.
Thofe about her
From her {hall rar^the perfedt ways of honour. Shakefp.
4. To know fully.
O molt delicate fiend ! ,
Who is’t can read a woman ? Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To Read. v. n.
1. To perform the act of perufing writing.
It fhall be with him, and he lhall read therein, that he may
learn to fear the Lord. Deut. xvii. 19.
2. To be ftudious in books.
’Tis fure thatFleury reads. Taylor.
3. To know by reading.
I have read of an eaflern king, who put a judge to death
for an iniquitous fentence. Swift.
Read, particip. adj. [from read; the verb read is pronounced
reed; the preterite and participle redd] Skilful by reading.
Virgil’s fhepherds are too well read in the philofophy of
Epicurus. Dryden.
We have a poet among us, of a genius as exalted as his
ftature, and who is very well read in Longinus his treatife
concerning the fublime. Addifons Guardian, Ne 108.
ReaTing. n.f. [from read.]
1. Study in books ; perufal of books.
Though reading and converfation may furmfh us with
many ideas of men and things, yet it is our own meditation
muft form our judgment. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Lefs reading than makes felons ’fcape,
Lefs human genius than God gives an ape.
Can make a Cibber. Pope.
2. A le&ure ; a prelection.
3. Publick recital.
The Jews always had their weekly readings of the law.
Hooker, b. v. f. 8.
Give attendance to reading, exhortation and doctrine.
1 Tim. iv. 13.
4. Variation of copies. . . ..
That learned prelate has reftored feme of the mimg, of
the authors with great fagacity. . Arbuthmt m Cam.
Reade'ption. n.f. [re and adeptm, Latin.] Recovery ; aft
of regaining. __ . . .. „ r
Will any lav, that the readeption of Trevigi was matter of
, J 1 bacon.
Icruple r
Rea'der. n.f [from read.]
i.One that perufes any thing written,
2
As we muft take the care that our words and fenfe be clean
fo if the obfeurity happen through the hearers or readers want
of underftanding, I am not to anfwer for them. B. Johnfon.
2. One ftudious in books.
Bafiris’ altars and the dire decrees
Of hard Eureftheus, ev’ry reader fees. Dryden.
3. One whole office is to read prayers in churches*
He got into orders, and became a reader in a parilh church
at twenty pounds a year. Swift<
Rea'dership. n.f. [from reader.] The office of reading
prayers.
When they have taken a degree, they get into orders, and
follicit a readerfnp. Swift's Mifcdlanies*
Rea'dily. adv. [from ready.] Expeditely ; with little hinderance or delay.
My tongue obey’d, and readily could name
Whate’er 1 faw. Milton.
Thofe very things, which are declined as impoffible, are
readily practicable in a cafe of extreme neceffity. South.
I readily grant, that one truth cannot contradict another.
Locke.
Every one fometime or other dreams that he is reading
papers, in which cafe the invention prompts fo readily, that
the mind is impofed upon. Addifon’s Spectator, 487.
Rea'diness. n. J. [from ready.]
1. Expeditenefs; promptitude.
He would not forget the readinefs of their king, in aiding
him when the duke of Bretagne failed him. Bacon*
He opens himfelf to the man of bufinefs with reluctancy,
but offers himfelf to the viftts of a friend with facility and all
the meeting readinefs of defire. South,
2. The ftate of being ready or fit for any thing.
Have you an army ready ?
-—The centurions ami their charges already in the enter¬
tainment to be on foot at an hour’s warning.
—I am joyful to hear of their readinefs. Shakefp»
They remained near a month, that they might be in rea¬
dinefs to attend the motion of the army. Clarendon.
3. Facility ; freedom from hinderance or obftruction.
Nature has provided for the readinefs and eafinefs of
fpeech. Holder's Elements of Speech.
4. State of being willing or prepared.
A pious and well-difpoied mind, attended with a readinefs
to obey the known will of God, is the fureft means to en¬
lighten the underftanding to a belief of chriftianity. South.
Their conviction grew fo ftrong, that they embraced the
fame truths, and laid down their lives, or were always in a
readinefs to do it, rather than depart from them. Addijon.
Re admission, n.f. [re and admiffion.] The aft of admit¬
ting again.
In an exhaufted receiver, animals, that feem as they were
dead, revive upon the readmiffon of frefh air. Arbuthnot.
To Readmit, v. a. [re and admit.] To let in again.
Thefe evils I deferve,
Yet defpair not of his final pardon,
Whofe ear is ever open, and his eye
Gracious to readmit the fuppliant. Milton's Agoni/les.
After twenty minutes I readmitted the air. Derham.
To Reado'rn. v. a. [re and adorn.] To decorate again ;
to deck a-new.
The ftreams now change their languid blue.
Regain their glory, and their fame renew,
With fcarlet honours readorn the tide. Blackmore.
REA/DY. adj. [pasb, Saxon ; redo, Swedifh ; hpabe, nimble,
Saxon.]
1. Prompt; not delayed*
Thefe commodities yield the readiejl money of any in this
kingdom, becaufe they never fail of a price abroad. Temple.
He overlook’d his hinds ; their pay was juft
And ready: for he fcorn’d to goon truft. Dryden«
2. Fit for a purpofe ; not to feek.
All things are ready, if our minds be fo.
—Perifh the man whofe mind is backward now ! Shakefp.
Make you ready your ftiff bats and clubs ;
Rome and her rats are at the point of battle. Shakefp.
One hand the fword, and one the pen employs;
And in my lap the ready paper lies. Dryden*
The facred priefts with ready knives bereave
The beafts of life, and ifi full bowls receive
The ftreaming blood. Dryden's /Eneis,
3. Prepared ; accommodated to any defign, fo as that there can
be no delay.
Trouble and anguilh fhall prevail againft him, as a king
ready to the battle. jfobxv. 24.
Death ready ftands to interpofe his dart. Milton.
The word which I have giv’n, I’ll not revoke;
If he be brave, he’s ready for the ftroke. Dryden.
The imagination is always reftlefs, and the will, reafon
being laid alide, is ready for every extravagant project* Locke.
4. Willing; eager. 6 1 J
Men, when their actions fucceed not as they would, are
always ready to impute the; blame thereof unto the heavens, fo
as to excufe their own follies. Spenfer’s State of Ireland.
1 5. Being
REA
5. Being at the point; not diftant; near; about to do or be.
He knoweth that the day of darknefs is ready at hand. Job.
Satan ready now
To ftoop with weary’d wings and willing feet
On this world. Miltons Paradife Loft.
6. Being at hand ; next to hand.
A fapling pine he wrench’d from out the ground,
The readiejl weapon that his fury found. Dryden.
7. Facil; eafy ; opportune; near.
Sometimes the readiejl way, which a wife man hath to
conquer, is to fly. Hooker's Preface.
The race eledf,
Safe towards Canaan from the fhore advance
Through the wild defert, not the readiejl way. Milton.
Proud of their conqueft, prouder of their prey,
They leave the camp, and take the rtadieft way. Dryden.
The ready way to be thought mad, is to contend that you
are not fo. Spectator) N g 577*
8. Quick ; not done with hefitation.
A ready content often lubjects a woman to contempt.
Clarijfa.
9. Expedite ; nimble ; not embarrafled ; not flow.
Thofe, who fpeak in publick, are much better accepted,
when they can deliver their difeourfe by the help of a lively
genius and a ready memory, than when they are forced to
read all. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
10. To make Ready. To make preparations.
He will fhew you a large upper room ; there make ready
for us. Mar. xiv. 15*
Rea'dy. adv. Readily ; fo as not to need delay.
We will go ready armed before the children of Ifrael. Hum.
Rea'dy. n.f Ready money. A low word.
Lord Strutt was not flufli in ready, either to go to law, or
clear old debts. Arbuthnot's Hijlory of John Bull.
Reaffi'rmance. n.f. [re and affirmance.] Second confir¬
mation.
Caufes of deprivation are a conviction before the ordinary
of a wilful maintaining any doCtrine contrary to the thirtynine articles, or aperfifting therein without revocation of his
error, or a reaffirmance after fuch revocation. Ayltffie.
RE'AL. adj. [reel, Fr. realis, Latin.]
1. Relating to things not perfons ; not perfonal.
Many are perfect in men’s humours, that are not greatly
capable of the real part of bufinefs ; which is the conftitution
of one that hath ftudied men more than books. Bacon.
2. Not fiCfitious ; not imaginary; true ; genuine.
We do but deferibe an imaginary world, that is but little
a-kin to the real one. Glanvill's Scepf.
When I place an imaginary name at the head of a cha¬
racter, I examine every letter of it, that it may not bear any
refemblance to one that is real. Addifon.
3. In law, confifting of things immoveable, as land.
I am hafleningto convert my fmall eftate, that is perfonal,
into real. ' Child's Difeourfe of Trade.
Re'algar. n.f. A mineral.
Realgar or fandaracha is red arfenick. Harris.
Put realgar hot into the midft of the quickfilver, whereby
it may be condenfed as well from within as without. Bacon.
Rea/lity. n.f. [realite, Fr. from real.]
1. Truth; verity; what is, not what merely feems.
I would have them well verfed in the Greek and Latin
poets, without which a man fancies that he underftands
a critic, when in reality he does not comprehend hisfheaning.
Addifon s Spectator, N° 291.
The beft accounts of the appearances of nature in any
fingle inftance human penetration can reach, comes infinitely
fhort of its reality and internal conftitution; for who can
fearch out the Almighty’s works to perfection ? Cheyne.
2. Something intrinfically important j not merely matter of
{how.
Of that fkill the more thou know’ft.
The more fhe will acknowledge thee her head,
And to realities yield all her {hows.
Made fo adorn for thy delight the more. Milton.
To Realize, v. a. [realifer, Fr. from real.]
1. To bring into being or aCt.
Thus we realize what Archimedes had only in hypothefis,
weighing a fingle grain againft the globe of earth. Glanvill.
As a Diocefan, you are like to exemplify and realize every
word of this difeourfe. South.
2. To convert money into land.
Re'ally. adv. [from real.J
1. With aCtual exiftence.
There cannot be a more important cafe of conference for
men to be refolved in, than to know certainly hew far God
accepts the will for the deed, and how far he does not; and
to be informed truly when men do really will a thing, and
when they have really no power to do, what they have
willed. South.
2. In truth; truly ; not fecmingly.
The underftanding reprefents to the will things really evil,
under the notion of good. South.
REA'
Thefe orators inflame the people, whofe anger is really but
a fhort fit of madnefs. Swift-.
3.It is a flight corroboration of an opinion.
Why really fixty-five is fomewhat old» Young,
Realm, n.f. [roiaulme, French.]
1. A kingdom ; a king’s dominion.
Is there any part of that realm, or any nation therein, which
have not yet been fubdued to the crown of England. Spenfer.
They had gather’d a wife council to them
Of ev’ry realm, that did debate this bufinefs. Shakefp.
A fon whofe worthy deeds
Raife him to be the fecond in that realm. Milton.
2. Kingly government. This fenfe is not frequent.
Learn each fmall people’s genius, policies,
The ant’s republick, and the realm of bees. Pope.
Rea'lty. n.f. [a word peculiar, I believe, to Milton.]
Realty means not in this place reality in oppofition to (how,
but loyalty ; for the Italian Dictionary explains the adjeCtive
reale by loyal. Pearce on Milton.
O heaven, that fuch refemblance of the higheft
Should yet remain, where faith and realty
Remain not. Milton's Paradife Loft, b. vi.
Ream. n. f. [rame, Fr. riem, Dutch.] A bundle of paper
containing twenty quires.
All vain petitions mounting to the fky.
With reams abundant this abode fupply. Pope.
To Rea'nimate. v. a. [re and animo, Lat.] To revive ; to
reftore to life.
We are our reanimated anceftors, and antedate their refurreCtion. Glanvill s Scepf.
The young man left his own body breathlefs on the ground,
while that of the doe was reanimated. Spectator, N* 578.
To Reanne'x. v. a. [re and annex.] To annex again.
King Charles was not a little inflamed with an ambition to
repurchafe and reannex that dutchy. Bacon s Henry \ II.
To REAP. v. a. [pepan, Saxon.]
1. To cut corn at harveft.
From Ireland come I with my ftrength.
And reap the harveft which that rafeal fow’d. Shakefp.
When ye reap the harveft, thou fhalt not wholly reap the
corners of thy field. Lev. xix. 9.
The hire of the labourers, which have reaped down your
fields, is kept back by fraud. Ja- v. 5.
Is it fitting in this very field,
Where I fo oft have reap'd, fo oft have till’d.
That I Ihould die for a deferter ? Gay.
2. To gather; to obtain.
They that love the religion which they profefs, may have
failed in choice, but yet they are fure to reap what benefit the
fame is able to afford. _ Hooker.
What fudden anger’s this ? how have I reap'd it ? Shak.
This is a thing.
Which you might from relation likewife reap,
Being much fpoke of. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Our fins being ripe, there was no preventing of God’s
juftice from reaping that glory in our calamities, which we
robbed him of in our profperity. King Charles.
To Reap; v. n. To harveft.
They that fow in tears, {hall reap in joy, Pfalm exxvi. 5.
Rea'per. n.f [from reap.] One that cuts corn at harveft.
Your fhips are not well mann’d.
Your mariners are muliteers, people
Ingroft by fwift imprefs. Shakefp. Ant. andC/eop.
From hungry reapers they their {heaver withhold. Sand.
Here Ceres’ gifts in waving profpeCt ftand,
And nodding tempt the joyful reaper's hand. Pope.
A thoufand forms he wears,
And firft a reaper from the field appears.
Sweating he walks, while loads of golden grain
O’ercharge the {houlders of the feeming fwain. Pope.
Rea/pinghook. n.f. [reaping anti hook.] A hook ufed to cut
corn in harveft.
Some are brib’d to vow it looks
Moft plainly done by thieves with reapinghooks. Dryden.
REAR. n.f. [arrieare, French.]
1. The hinder troop of an army, or the hinder line^of a fleet.
The rear admiral, an arch pirate, was afterwards {lain with
a great {hot. Knolles's Hijlory ofthe Turks.
Argive chiefs
Fled from his well-known face, with wonted fear.
As when his thund’ring fword and pointed ipear
Drove headlong to their fhips, and glean’d the rear. Dryc..
Snowy headed winter leads,
Yellow autumn brings the rear. Jva.tr.
2 The l<if^ clafs
Coins I place in the rear, becaufe made up of both the
other. Fmham
Rear. adj. [hpepe, Saxon. 1
1. Raw; half roafted ; half fodden.
2. Early. A provincial word.
O’er yonder hill does fcant the dawn appear,
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot fo rear r* (j0Y
iTo Rear.
Hgglp . R E A
To Rear. v. a. [ajiaejian, Saxon.J
1. To raife up. , , t
All the people dhouted with a loud voice, for the rearing
up of the houfe of the Lord. I Efdr. v. 62.
Who now fhall rear you to the fun, or rank
Your tribes. Milton.
2. To lift up from a faI1'
Down again Ihe fell unto the ground,
But he her quickly rear’d up again. Fa. fhyecn, b. i.
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submifs : he rear’d me* Milton.
3. To move upwards.
Up to a hill anon his fteps he rear’d,
From whofe high top to ken the proIpeel round. Milton.
4. To bring up to maturity.
No creature goethto generate, whilft the female is bufy in
fitting or rearing her young. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
They were a very hardy breed, and reared their young ones
without any care. Mortimer’s Hujbandry.
They flourilh’d long in tender blifs, and rear'd
A numerous offspring, lovely like themfelves. Thomfon,
5. To educate; to inftruCt.
He wants a father to protedl his youth.
And rear him up to virtue. Southern.
They have in every town publick nurferies, where all pa¬
rents, except cottagers and labourers, are obliged to fend their
infants to be reared and educated. Swift.
6. To exalt; to elevate.
Charity decent, modeft, eafy, kind.
Softens the high, and rears the abjedt mind. Prior,
y. To roufe; to ftir up.
Into the naked woods he goes.
And feeks the tufky boar to rear.
With well-mouth’d hounds and pointed fpear. Dryden.
Rea'rward. n.f. [from rear.]
1. The laft troop.
He from the beginning began to be in the rearward, and
before they left fighting, was too far off. Sidney.
The ftandard of Dan was the rearward ofthe camp. Num.
2. The end ; the tail ; a train behind.
Why follow’d not, when ihe faid Tybalt’s dead, _
Thy father or thy mother ?
But with a rearward following Tybalt’s death,
Romeo is banifiied. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
3. The latter part. In contempt.
He was ever in the rearward of the fafnion. Shakefp.
Rea'rmouse. n.f. [more properly reremoufe; hpepemuy, Sax.]
The leather-winged bat.
Some war with rearmice for their leathern wings
To make my fmall elves coats. Shakefp.
Of flying filhes, the wings are not feathers, but a thin kind
of fkin, like the wings of a bat or rearmoufe. Abbot.
To Reasce'nd. v. n. [re and afcend.~\ To climb again.
When as the day the heaven doth adorn,
I wifh that night the noyous day would end ;
And when as night hath us of light forlorn,
I wifti that day would dhortly reafeend. Spenfer.
Taught by the heav’nly mule to venture down
' The dark defeent, and up to reafeend. Milton.
Thefe puiflant legions, whofe exile
Hath empty’d heav’n, fhall fail to reafeend,
Self-rais’d, and repoflefs their native feat ? Milton.
To Reasce'nd. v. a. To mount again.
When the god his fury had allay’d.
He mounts aloft, and reajeends the Ikies. Addifon.
REA'SON. n. f. [raifon, Fr. ratio, Lat.]
I. The power by which man deduces one propofition from an¬
other, or proceeds from premifes to confequences; the ra¬
tional faculty.
Reafon is the director of man’s will, difeovering in aclion
what is good ; for the laws of well-doing are the dictates of
right reajon. Hooker, b.i.f. 7.
Though brutilh that conteft and foul.
When reafon hath to deal with force ; yet fo
Moll reafon is that reafon overcome. Milton,
Dim, as the borrow’d beams of moon and ftars
To lonely, weary, wand’ring travellers.
Is reafon to the foul: and as on high,
Thofe rowling fires difeover but the fky.
Not light us here ; fo reafon’s glimmering ray
Was lent, not to allure our doubtful way.
But guide us upward to a better day. Dryden.
It would be well, if people would, not lay fo much weight
on their own reafon in matters of religion, as to think every
thino- impoflible and abfurd, which they cannot conceive ;
how°often do we contradict the right rules of reafon in the
whole courfe of our lives ? reafon itfelf is true and juft, but
the reafon of every particular man is weak and waveiing,
perpetually fwayed and turn’d by his interefts, his paffions
and his vices. Swift s Mifcellanies.
2. Caufe ; ground or principle.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things, but there is a na¬
tural and eternal reafon for that goodnefs and virtue, and
againft vice and wickedncfs. Tillotfon,
REA
Caufe efficient.
Spain is thin fown of people, partly by reafon of the fierility of the foil, and partly their natives are exhaufted by fo
many employments in fuch vaft territories as they poflefs. Bac.
The reafon of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch,
is by the motion of the next wheel. Hale.
By reafon of the lickncfs of a reverend prelate, I have been
overruled to approach this place. Sprat,
I have not obferved equality of numbers in my verfe;
partly by reafon of my halle, but more cfpecially becaufe I
would not have my fenfe a Have to fyllables. Dryden.
4. Final caufe.
Reafon, in the Englidh language, fometimes is taken for
true and clear principles ; fometimes for clear and fair dcdudtions; fometimes for the caufe, particularly the final
Caufe : but here for a faculty in man. Locke.
5. Argument; ground ofperfualion; motive.
I mafk the bulinefs from the common eye
For fundry weighty reafons. Shakefp. Macbeth,
If it be natural, ought we not rather to conclude, that
there is fome ground arid reafon for thefe fears, and that na¬
ture hath not planted them in us to no purpofe. Tillotfon.
6. Ratiocination ; difcurhve power.
When Ihe rates things, and moves from ground to ground,
The name of reajon flic obtains by this ;
But when by reafon fhe the truth hath found,
^And ftandeth fixt, fire underftanding is. Davies«
7. Clearnefs of faculties.
Lovers and madmen have their feethinn- brains.
Such fhaping fantafies that apprehend
More than cool reafon ever comprehends. Shakefp.
When valour preys on reajon,
It eats the fword it fights with. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
8. Right; juftice.
I was promis’d on a time,
I o have reafon for my rhyme :
From that time unto this feafon,
I receiv’d nor rhyme nor reafon. Spenfer.
Are you in earned! ?
Ay, and refolv’d withal
T o do myfelf this reajon and this right. Shakefp.
T he papifts ought in reafon to allow them all the excufes
they make ufe of for themielves ; fuch as an invincible igno¬
rance, oral tradition and authority. Stillingfeet.
Let it drink deep in thy moft vital part;
^Strike home, and do me reajon in thy heart. Dryden.
9. Reafonable claim ; juft practice.
God brings good out of evil; and therefore it were but
reafon we dhould truft God to govern his own world, and wait
till the change cometh, or the reafon be discovered. Taylor.
Conscience, not acting by law, is a boundlels prefumptuous
thing ; and, for any one by virtue thereof, to challenge himfelf a privilege of doing what he will, and of being unaccount¬
able, is in all reafon too much, eitherfor man or angel. South.
A fevere reflection Montaigne has made on princes, that
we ought not in reafon to have any expe&atious offavour from
Biem. Dryden’s Dedication to Aurengzebe,
We have as great adTurance that there is a God, as the na¬
ture of the thing to be proved is capable of, and as we could
in reafon exped to have. Tillotfm’s Preface.
When any thing is proved by as good arguments as a thing
of that kind is capable of, we ought not in reafon to doubt of
its exiftence. . Tillotfon.
10. Rationale; juft account.
I o render a reafon of an effed or phenomenon, is to de*
duce it from fomething elfe more known than itfelf. Boyle.
11. Moderation; moderate demands.
The moff probable way of bringing France to reafon, would
be by the making an attempt upon the Spanilh Weft Indies
and by that means to cut off all communication with this
great fource of riches.. Addifon.
To Rea'son. v. n. [raifonner, Fr.]
1. To argue rationally; to deduce confequences juftly from
premifes.
No man, in the ffrength of the firft grace, can merit the
fecond ; for reafon they do not, who think fo ; unlefs a beegar, by receiving one alms, can merit another. South„
Ideas, as ranked under names, are thofe, that for the modi
part men reafon of within themfelves, and always thofe which
they commune about with others. Locke
Every man’s reafoning and knowledge is only about the
ideas exifting in his own mind ; and our knowledge and rcafoning about other things is only as they correfpond with thofe
our particular ideas. , .
Love is not to be reafon’d down, or loft
In high ambition. . , yr
In the lonely grove, U ^°n*
rTWa,S,tl?Cre juft and Sood he reafon'd ftronoElear d fome great truth. «- , ,,
2. T o debate; to difcourle • to tall-. . 1 • U L>
vr * • t 1 co talki ^ take or give an ac¬ count. Not in ufe. s
Reafon with the fellow,
Before you punilh him, where he heard this. Shakefp.
21 G
REA
I reafon’d with a Frenchman yefterday,
Who told me in the narrow Teas,
1 here mifcarried a veffel of our country. Shakefp.
Stand ftill, that I may reafon with you of all the righteous
a&s of the Lord. i Sam. xii. 7.
3.Io raife difquifitions; to make enquiries.
Jefus, perceiving their thoughts, faid, what reafon ye in
your hearts ? Luke v. 22.
They reafon’d high
Of providence, foreknowledge, will and fate. Milton.
Already by thy reafoning this I guefs,
Who art to lead thy offspring ; and fuppofeft.
That bodies bright and greater feould not ferve
The lefs not bright. Milton.
Down reafon then, at leaft vain reafoning down. Milt.
To Reason, v. a. To examine rationally. This is a French
mode of fpeech.
When they are clearly difeovered, well digefted, and well
reafoned in every part, there is beauty in luch a theory. Burn.
Reasonable, adj. [raifon, Fr.J
1. Having the faculty of reafon ; endued with reafon.
She perceived her only fon lay hurt,, and that his hurt was
fo deadly, as that already his life had loft ufe of the reafonable
and almoft fenfible part. Sidney.
2. A&ing, fpeaking or thinking rationally:
The parliament was diffolved, and gentlemen furnifhed
with fuch forces, as were held fufficient to hold in bridle either
the malice or rage of reafonable people. Hayward.
3. Juft ; rational; agreeable to reafon.
A law may be reafonable in itfelf, although a man does not
allow it, or does not know the reafon of the lawgivers. Swift.
4. Not immoderate.
Let all things be thought upon,
That may with reafonable fwiftnefs add
More feathers to our wings. Shakefp. Henry V.
5. Tolerable ; being in mediocrity.
I could with reafonable good manner receive the falutation
of her and of the princefs Pamela, doing them yet no further
reverence than one princefs oweth to another. Sidney.
A good way diftant from the nigra rupes, there are four feveral lands of reafonable quantity. Abbot’s Defer, ofthe World.
Notwithstanding thefe defeats, the Englifh colonies main¬
tained themfelves in a reafonable good eftate, as long as they
retained their own ancient laws. Davies on Ireland.
Reasonableness, n.f [from reafonable.']
1. The faculty of reafon.
2. Agreeablenefs to reafon.
They thought the work would fee better done, if thofe,
who had fatished themfelves with the reafonablenefs of what
they wife, would undertake the converting and difpofing of
other men. Clarendon.
The paffive reafon, which is more properly reafonablenefs,
is that order and congruity which is imprelfed upon the thing
^ thus wrought; as in a watch, "the whole frame and contex¬
ture of it carries a reafonablenefs in it, the paffive impreffion
of the reafon or intelle&ual idea that was in the artift. Hale.
3. Moderation.
Re aSonably. adv. [from reafonable.]
I Agreeably to reafon.
Chaucer makes Arcite violent in his love, and unjuft in the
purfuit of it; yet when he came to die, he made him think
more reafonably. Dryden s Preface to Fables.
2. Moderately ; in a degree reaching to mediocrity.
Some man reafonably ftudied in the law, fliould be perfuaded
to go thither as chancellor. Baco?i’s Advice to Villiers.
If we can by induftry make our deaf and dumb perfons rea¬
fonably perfect in the language and pronunciation, he may be
alfo capable of the fame privilege of underftanding by the eye
what is fpoken. Holder’s Elements of Speech.
Reasoner. n.f. [raifontieur, Fr. from reafon.] Onewhoreafons ; an arguer.
Due reverence pay
T o learn’d Epicurus ; fee the way
By which this reas’ner of fo high renown
Moves through th’ ecliptick road the rolling fun. Blackm.
The terms are loofe and undefined ; and what lefs becomes
a fair rea/oner, he puts wrong and invidious names on every
thing to colour a falfe way of arguing. Addifon.
Thofe reafoners, who employ fo much of their zeal for the
upholding the balance of power in Chriftendom, by their
practices are endeavouring to deftroy it at home. Swift.
Reasoning, n.f. [from reafon.] Argument.
"Thofe who would make ufe of folid arguments and ftrong
icafonings to a reader of fo delicate a turn, would be like that
00 lfh people, who worfeiped a fly, and facrified an ox to it.
_ . Addifon’s Freeholder. N° 22.
ReVsokless, adj. [from reefon.} Void of reafon.
I his proffer is abfurd and reafonlefs. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Is it
Her true perfedion, or my falfe tranfgreffion,
That makes me reafonlefs to reafon thus ? Shakefp
That they wholly diredt the reafonlefs mind, I am refolved j
for all thofe which were created mortal, as birds and beafts,
are left to their natural appetites. Raleigh’s FUJI. ofthe World!
REB
Thefe reafons in love’s law have part for good.
Though fond and reafonlefs to fome. Milton’s Agonijles.
To Reasse'mble. v. a. [re and affemble.J To colled anew.*
There reaffembling our afflided pow’rs,
Confult how to offend our enemy. Milton.
To Reassert, v. a. [re and affert.] To affert anew ; to
maintain after fufpenfion or reflation.
His fteps I followed, his dodrine I reajfcrted. Atterbury.
Young Oreftes grown
To manly years feould reajfert the throne. Pope.
To Reassu me. v. a. [reajjumo, Lat. re and affume.J To
refume; to take again.
To him the fon return’d
Into his blifsful bofom reajfum’d,
In glory as of old. Milton.
Nor only on the Trojans fell this doom.
Their hearts at laft the vanquife’d reaffume. Denham.
For this he reaffumes the nod.
While Semele commands the god. Prior.
After Henry VIII. had reaffumed the fupremacy, a ftatute
was made, by which all dodors of the civil law might be
made chancellors. Aylffe’s Parergon.
To Reassi/re. [;raffurer, Fr.J To free from fear; to reftore
from terrour.
They rofe with fear,
Till dauntlefs Pallas reaffur’d the reft. Dryden.
Reate. n. f. A kind of long fmall grafs that grows iii water,
and complicates itfelf together.
Let them lie dry fix months to kill the water-weeds ; as
water-lilies, candocks, reate and bulrufees. Walton.
To Reave, v. a. pret. reft, [jiaepian, Saxon; whence to bereave.J
1. To take away by ftealth or violence. An obfolete word.
Demounting from his lofty fteed,
He to him leapt, in mind to reave his life. Spenfer.
Some make his meafey bed, but reave his reft. Carew.
Who can be bound by any.folemn vow.
To do a murd’rous deed, to rob a man.
To force a fpotlefs virgin’s chaftity,
To reave the orphan of his patrimony,
And have no other reafon for his wrong.
But that he was bound by a folemn oath. Shakefp. Hen. VI,
2. It was ufed as well in a good as bad fenfe.
They fought my troubled fenfe how to deceave
With talk, that might unquiet fancies reave. Hublerd.
Each fucceeding time addeth or reaveth goods and evils,
according to the occaflons itfelf produceth. Carew.
To REBATTIZE. v.a. [rebaptifer, Fr. re and baptize.] To
baptize again.
Underftanding that the rites of the church were obferved,
he approved of their baptilm, and would not fuffer them to
be rebaptized. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Rebaptiza'tion. n.f. [rebaptifation, Fr. from rebaptize.]
Renewal of baptiftn.
In maintainance of rebaptization, their arguments are built
upon this, that hereticks are not any part of the church of
Ohrift. ^ Flooker, b. iii. f. r.
To Reba'te. v. n. [;rebattre, Fr.J To blunt; to beat to obtufenefs ; to deprive of keennefs.
He doth rebate and blunt his natural edge
With profits of the mind, ftudy and faft. Shakefp.
The icy goat, the crab which fquare the feales;
With thofe of aries trine confent to hate
The feales of libra, and her rays rebate. Creech.
He modifies his firft fevere decree ;
The keener edge of battle to rebate,
The troops for honour fighting, not for hate. Dryden.
My flagging foul flies under her own pitch.
My fenfes too are dull and ftupify’d,
Their edge rebated. Dryden’s Don Sebajlian.
Their innocence unfeign’d long joys afford
To the honeft nuptial bed, and, in the wane
Of life, rebate the miferies of age. Philips.
Re beck, n.f [rebec, Fr. ribecca, Italian.J A three ftringed
fiddle. x
When the merry bells ring round,
And the jocund rebecks found.
To many a youth and many a maid.
Dancing in the checker’d feade. Milton.
RE BEL. «.f. (prebelle, Fr. rebellis, Lat.J One who oppoies
lawful authority.
The mercilefs Macdonel
Worthy to be a rebel; for to that
The multiplying villanies of nature
Do fwarm upon him. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The rebels there are up.
And put the Englifemen unto the fword. Shakefp.
Shall man from nature’s fan&ion ftray,
A rebel to her rightful fway. Fenton.
To Rebe'l. v. n. [rebcllo, Lat.J To rife in oppofition againft
lawful authority.
Boys, immature in knowledge.
Pawn their experience to their prefent pleafurc,
And fo rebel to judgment. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
REB
If they perceive diflention in our looks,
How wifi their grudging ftomachs be provok’d
To wilful difobedience, and rebel? Sbakefp. Henry VI.
Such foiling rogues as thefe footh every paffion,
That in the nature of their lords rebels ;
Bring oil to lire. Sbakefp. King Lear.
There was a time, when all the body’s members
Rebel?d againft the belly. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Arm’d with thy might, rid heav’n of thefe rebell'd. Milt.
How cou’d my hand rebel againft my heart ?
How cou’d your heart rebel againft your reafon ? Dryden.
Part of the angels rebelled againft God, and thereby loft
their happy ftate. Locke.
Rebe ller. n.f [from rebel.] One that rebels. Didi.
Rebe llion. 7i.f [rebellion, Fr. rebellion Lat. from rebel.]
Infurredtion againft lawful authority.
He was victorious in rebellions and feditions of people. Bac.
Adam s tin, or the curfe upon it, did not deprive him
of his rule, but left the creatures to a rebellion or reluCtation.
Bacon's Holy War.
r -kaz a by rebellion from the books of life. Milton.
Rebe llious. adj. [from rebel.] Opponent to lawful autho¬
rity.
From the day that thou didft depart out of Egypt, until ye
came unto this place, ye have been rebellious againft the
Lo^- . Deutr. ix. 7.
This our fon is ftubborn and rebellious, he will not obey
our voice. Deutr. xxi. 20.
Rebe lliousli . adv. [from rebellious.] In oppolition to law¬
ful authority.
. When one fbewed him where a nobleman, that had rebelhoujly born arms againft him, lay very honourably intombed,
and advifed the king to deface the monument; he faid, no,
no, but I would all the reft of mine enemies were as honourably intombed. Camden's Remains.
Rebelliousness, n.f. [from rebellious.] The quality of
being rebellious.
To Rebe llow. v. n. [re and bellow.] To bellow in return ;
to echo back a loud noife.
He loudly bray’d with beaftly yelling found,
That all the fields rebellowed again. Fairy Queen.
The refilling air the thunder broke, ^
The cave rebellow'd, and the temple lhook. Dryden.
From whence were heard, rebellowing to the main,
The roars of lions. Dryden's JEneis.
Reboa tion. n.f. [reboo, Lat.J The return ol a loud bel¬
lowing found.
To Rebou nd, v. n. [rebondir, Fr. re and bound.'] To fpring
back ; to be reverberated ; to fly back, in confequence of mo¬
tion impreffed and refilled by a greater power.
Whether it were a roaring voice of moll favage wild beafts,
or a rebounding echo from the hollow mountains. Wifd. xvii.
It with rebounding^ furge the bars alfail’d. Milton.
Life and death are in the power of the tongue, and that
not only diredly with regard to the good or ill we may do to
others, but reflexively with regard to what may rebound to
ourfelves. Government of the 7ongue.
Bodies which are abfolutely hard, or fo foft as to be void
of elafticity, wil[ not rebound from one another: impenetra¬
bility makes them only Hop. Newton's Opticks.
She bounding from the Ihelfy Ihore,
Round the defeen’ding nymph the waves rebounding roar. Po.
ToRebou'nd. v. a. To reverberate ; to beat back.
All our inveClives, at their fuppofed errors, fall back with
a rebounded force upon our own real ones. Decay of Piety.
Silenus fung, the vales his voice rebound.
And carry to the Ikies the facred found. Dryden.
Flow’rs, by the foft South Weft
Open’d, and gather’d by religious hands.
Rebound their fweets from th’ odoriferous pavement. Prior-.
Rebou nd. «. f [from the verb.] The ad of flying back in
confequence of motion refilled ; refilition.
I do feel.
By the rebound of yours, a grief that Ihoots
y very heart. Sbakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
If you ftrike a ball fidelong, not full upon the furface, the
reboundwill.be as much the contrary way ; whether there be
any fuch rehhence in echoes may be tried. Bacon.
The weapon with unerring fury flew,
At his left Ihoulder aim’d : nor entrance found •
But back, as from a rock, with fwift rebound, *
Harmlefs return’d. Dryden
Rebu'ff. n.f. [rebuffade, Fr. rebuffo, Italian.] Reperculfion •
quick and ludden refiftance. *
By ill chance
The ftrong rebuff of fome tumultuous cloud,
Inftindl with fire and nitre, hurried him
As many miles aloft. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. ii.
To Rebu'ff. v. a. [from the noun.] To beat back; to oppofe with hidden violence.
To Rebui'ld. v. a. [re and build.] To reedify; ro reftore
from demolition; to repair.
7
REG
• The fines impofed there were the more queftioned, and re¬
pined againft, becaufe they were afligned to the rebuilding
and repairing of St. Paul’s church. Clarendon
Fine is the fecret, delicate the art,
To raife the lhades of heroes to our view.
Rebuild fall’n empires, and old time renew. Ticked.
Rebu'kable. adj. [from rebuke.] Worthy of reprehenfion.
Rebukable
And worthy fhameful check it were, to Hand
On mere mechanick compliment. Sbakefp. Ant. andCleop;
To REBU'KE. v. a. [reboueber, Fr.J To chide; to reprehend ;
to reprefs by objurgation.
I am alham’d ; does not the Hone rebuke me,
For being more Hone than it ? Sbakefp. Winter's Tales
He was rebuked for his iniquity; the dumb afs, fpeaking
with man s voice, forbad the madnels of the prophet. 2 Pet.
My fon, defpife not thou the chaftening of the Lord, nor
faint when thou art rebuked of him. : Heb. xii. 15.
The proud he tam’d, the penitent he cheer’d,
Nor to rebuke the rich offender fear’d. Dryden '.
Rebu'ke. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Reprehenfion; chiding expreflion; objurgation.
Why bear you thefe rebukes, and anfwer not ? Sbakefp.
If he will not yield.
Rebuke and dread correction wait on us.
And they (hall do their office. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
I he channels of waters werefeen ; at thy rebuke. O Lord,
at the blaft of the breath of thy noftrils. Pfalm xviii. 15.
Thy rebuke hath broken my heart; I am full of heaviness]
t-u , , , Pfalm Ixix. 21.
1 he rebukes and chiding to children, fhould be in grave
and difpaffionate words. Locke•
Shall Cibber’s fon, without rebuke,
Swear like a lord ? p .
Should vice expeCt to ’fcape rebuke,
Becaufe its owner is a duke ? Swift's Mifcellanies.
2. In low language, it figmfies any kind of check.
e gave him fo terrible a rebuke upon the forehead with his
heel, that he laid him at his length. L'E/lramre
Rebu'ke,,. „f. ffrom rduit.] Achidcr; a reprehender
I he revolters are profound to make daughter, though I
have been a rebuker of them all. Hofea v. 2.
Re bus. n.f. [rebus, Latin.] A word reprefented by a pidure!
. 0IPe fltlzens, wanting arms, have coined themfelves cerreS aludinS to their names, which we callr^ar*
MalterJugge the printer, in many of his books, took, to ex¬
press his name, a nightingale fitting in a bulh with a fcrole
in her mouth, wherein was written jugge, jugge, jugge. Peace
To Rebu t. v.n. [rebuter, Fr.] To retire back. Oblolcte.
1 hemfelves too rudely rigorous,
Aftonied with the ftroke of their own hand;
Do back rebut, and each to other yielded land. Fa. Queen
Rebutter, n.f. An anfwer to a rejoinder.
To Reca'll. v. a. [re and call.] To call back ; to call again ;
to revoke. ° *
They who recal the church unto that which was at thefirlL
mull fet bounds unto their fpeeches. Hooker, b. iv. f 2!
It Henry were recall'd to life again,
Thefe news would caufe him once more yield the ofioft.
XT 1 n j t „ Sbakefp. Henry VI. p. I.
Neglerted long, Ihe let the fecret reft.
Till lov’d recall'd it to her lab’ring breaft. Dryden.
It is ftrange the foul fhould never once recal over any of its
pure native ideas, before it borrowed any thingfrom the body
never any other ideas, but what derive their original froni
that union. Locke
To the churches, wherein they were ordained, they might
of right be recalled as to their proper church, under pain3of
excommunication AyUfis p u
R is neceffary to recall to the reader’s mind, the defire
Ulylies has to reach his own country. Broome's Notes on Odyff
If princes, whole dominions lie contiguous, be forced to
draw from thole armies which aa againft France, we muft
hourly expea having thofe troops recalled, which they now
leave with us in the midft of a fiege. Swift's Mifcellanies.
Recall, n.f [from the verb.] Revocation; aa or power
of calling back. r
Other decrees
Againft thee are gone forth, without recall. Milton
’ I is done, and fince ’tis done, ’tis pall recal;
And fince tis pall recal, muft be forgotten.
To RECA'NT. v. .. [«*,. La..] fo re,rail,
to contradia what one has once laid or done. 5
He fhall do this, or elfe I do recant
The pardon that I late pronounced. Sbakefp. Mer ofVen
..RSfcxxs5 * Jf
ad'Tlfath" kgMature1 fid h^'11"8 t0 D'r7d"-
know nnt h ' Pie^ving our religion and liberty, that I
know not how to recant; b 7 Swift.
Recanta'tion,
U EC
Hecanta'tion. n.f. [from recant.] Retractation ; declara¬
tion contradictory to a former declaration.
She could not fee means to join this recantation to the
former vow. Sidney, b. ii.
The poor man was imprifoned for this difcoveiy, and
forced to make a publick recantation. • Sttilingfeet.
Reca'nteR. n.f. [from recant.] One who recants.
The publick body, which doth feldom
Play the recanter, teeling in itfelt
A lack of Timon’s aid, hath fenfe withal
Of its own fall, reftraining aid to Timon. Shakefp.
To RECAPITULATE, v. a. [recapituler, Fr. re and capitulum, Lat.] To repeat again diftindtly ; to detail again.
Hylobaresjudicioufly and refentingly recapitulates your main
reafonirigs. More's Divine Dialogues
I have been forced to recapitulate thefe things, becaufe
mankind is not more liable to deceit, than it is willing to
continue in a pleanng error. Dryden s Dufrejnoy.
Recapitulation, n.f. [from recapitulate.] Detail repeated;
diftinCt repetition of the principal points.
He maketh a recapitulation of the chriftian churches; among
the reft he addeth the ifle of Eden by name. Raleigh.
Inftead of raifing any particular ufes from the point that
has been delivered, let us make a brief recapitulation of the
whole. ? South.
Recapitulatory, ad}, [from recapitulated] Repeating again.
Recapitulatory exercifes. Garretfon.
To Reca'rry. v. a. [re and carry.] To carry back.
When the Turks befieged Malta or Rodes, pigeons car¬
ried and recarried letters. Waltoti s Angler.
To Rece'de. v. n. [recedo, Latin.]
1. To fall back; to retreat.
A deaf noife of founds that never ceafe,
Confus’d and chiding, like the hollow roar
Of tides, receding from th’ infulted (hoar. Dryden.
Ye doubts and fears !
Scatter’d by winds recede, and wild in forefts rove. Prior.
All bodies, moved circularly, have a perpetual endeavour
to recede from the center, and every moment would fly out in
right lines, if they were not violently reftrained by contiguous
matter. Bentley.
2. To defift.
I can be content to recede mnch from my own interefts and
perfonal rig'hts. King Charles.
They hoped that their general affetnbly would be perluaded
to depart from fome of their demands ; but that, for the prefent, they had not authority to recede from any one propo¬
rtion. Clarendon, b. viii.
Recei'pt. n.f. [.receptum, Latin.]
1. The a£t of receiving.
Villain, thou did’ft deny the gold’s receipt.
And told me of a miftrefs. Shakefp. Com. of Err.
It mult be done upon the receit of the wound, before the
patient’s fpirits be overheated. Wifeman's Surgery.
The joy of a monarch for the news of a victory muft net
be exprefied like the eclfafy of a harlequin, on the receipt of
a letter from his miftrefs. Dryden.
2. The place of receiving.
Jelus faw Matthew fitting at the receipt of cuftom. Matt.
3. [Recepte, P’r.] A note given, by which money is acknow¬
ledged to have been received.
4. Reception ; admiflion.
It is of things heavenly an univerfal declaration, work¬
ing in them, whofe hearts God infpireth with the due conlideration thereof, an habit or difpolition of mind, whereby
they are made fit veffels, both foi; the receipt and delivery of
whatfoever fpiritual perfection. hooker, b. v. f. 37.
5. Reception ; welcome.
The lame words in my lady Philoclea’s mouth might have
had a better grace, and perchance have found a gentler
receipt. Sidney.
6. [From recipe.] Prefcription of ingredients for any compofition.
On’s bed of death.
Many receipts he gave me, chiefly one
Of his old experience th’ only darling. Shakefp.
That Medea could make old men young again, was no¬
thing elfe, but that, from knowledge of fimplcs, Ihe had
31 receipt to make white hair black. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Wife leeches will not vain receipts obtrude.
While growing pains pronounce the humours crude. Dryd.
Some dryly plain, without invention’s aid.
Write dull receipts how poems may be made. Pope.
Scribonius found the recei. t in a letter wrote to Tiberius,
and was never able to procure the receipt during the empe¬
ror’s life. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Receivable, adj. [recevalle, Fr. from receive.J Capable of
being received. Dili.
To RECEIVE, v. a. [recevoir, Fr. recipio, Lat.]
1. To take or obtain any thing as due.
If by this crime he owes the law his life,
Why, let the war receive’t in valiant goiq. Shakefp.
REG
A certain nobleman went into a far country, to receive tot
himfelf a kingdom, and return. Luke xlv. 12.
2. To take o'r obtain from another.
V e (hall receive of me gifts. Dan. ii. 6.
Though I Ihould receive a thoufand fhekels of filver in mine
hand, yet would I not put forth mine hand again!! the king’s
fon. 2 Sam* xviii. 12.
What ? fhall we receive good at the hands of God, and
fhall we not receive evil ? fob ii. 10.
To them haft thou poured a drink-offering? fhould I re¬
ceive comfort in thefe ? If. lvii. 6.
He that doeth wrong, fhall receive for the wrong done ;
and there is no refpeCt of perfons. Col. iii. 25.
They lived with the frieridfhip and equality of brethren 5
received no law’s from one another, but lived feparately. Locke.
3. To take any thing communicated.
Put all in writing that thou giveft out, and receivefl in.
Eccluf. xlii. 7.
Draw general conclufions from every particular they meet
with: thefe make little true benefit of hiftory; nay, being
of forward and active fpirits, receive more harm by it. Locke.
The idea of folidity we receive by our touch. Locke.
The lame inability will every one find, who fhall go about
to fafhion in his underftanding any fimple idea, not received
in by his fenfes or by reflection. Locke.
To conceive the ideas we receive from fenfation, confider
them, in reference to the different ways, whereby they make
their approaches to our minds. Locke.
4. To embrace intellectually.
We have fet it down as a law, to examine things to the
bottom, and not to receive upon credit, or reject upon impro¬
babilities. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
In an equal indifferency for all truth; I mean the receiving
it, in the love of it, as truth ; and in the examination of our
principles, and not receiving any for fuch, till we are fully
convinced of their certainty, confifts the freedom of the un¬
derftanding. Locke.
5. To allow.
Long received cuftom forbidding them to do as they did,
there was no excufe to juftify their act; uniefs, in the feripture, they could fhew fome law, that did licence them thus
to break a received cuftom. Hooker, b. ii.f. 5.
Will it not be receiv'd.
When we have mark’d with blood thofe fleepy two.
And us’d their very daggers ; that they have don’t ?
—Who dares receive it other ? Shakefp. Macbeth«
Left any fhould think that any thing in this number eight
creates the diapafon ; this computation of eight is rather a
thing received, than any true computation. Bacon,
6. To admit.
When they came to Jerufalem, they were received of the
church. Acts xv. 4.
Thou fhalt guide me with thy counfel, and afterward re¬
ceive me to glory. Pfalm Ixxiii. 24.'
Let her be fhut out from the camp feven days, and after
that received in again. Numb. xii. 14.
Free converfe with perfons of different feCts will enlarge
our charity towards others, and incline us to receive them
into all the degrees of unity and aftedioa, which the word cf
God requires. Watts's Improvement of the Mind*
y. To take as into a veffel.
He was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their
fight. Ads i. 9.
8. To take into a place or ffate.
After the Lord had fpoken, he was received up into hea¬
ven, and fat on the right hand of God. Mar. xvi. 19.
9. To conceive in the mind ; to take intellectually.
To one of your receiving.
Enough is fhewn. Shakefp.
10. To entertain as a gueft.
Abundance fit to honour, and receive
Our heav’nly ftranger. IfTdton.
Recei'vedness. n.f. [from received.] General allowance.
Others will, upon account of the receivednefs of the propofed opinion, think it rather worth to be examined, than
acquielced in. Beyle.
Receiver, n.f. [receveur, Fr. from receive.]
1. One to whom any thing is communicated by another.
All the learnings that his time could make him receiver of,
he took as we do air. Shakefp. Cynibcline.
She from whofe influence all impreflion came.
But by receivers impotencies lame. Dcnr.c.
2. One to whom any thing is given or paid.
There is a receiver, who alone handleth the monies. Bacon.
In all works of liberality, fomething more is to be conltdered, befides the occalion ol the givers ; and that is the occafion of the receivers. Sprat.
' Gratitude is a virtue, difpofing the mind to an myirard
fenk, and an outward acknowledgement of a benefit received,
too-eiher with a readinefs to return the fame, as the occahons
tofthe doer fhall require, and the abilities of the receiver extend to. *
R E C
If one third of the motley in trade were locked up, land¬
holders mult receive one third lefs for theirgoods ; a lefs quan¬
tity of money by ©ne third being to be diffnbutcd amongll
an equal number ol receivers. ^ Locke.
Wood’s halfpence will be offered for fix a penny, and the
neccllary receivers will be Ioleis Oi two thuds in their pay. Sw.
3. One who partakes of the bleffed facrament.
'I'he fignification and fenfe of the facrament difpole the fpirit of the receiver to admit the grace of the fjfirit of God there
configned. _ Taylor’s Worthy Communicant.
4. One who cooperates with a robber, by taking the goods
which he fteals.
1 his is a great oaufe of the maintenance of thieves, knowing their receivers always ready ; for were there no receivers,
there would be no thieves. Spenjer’s State of Ireland.
5. The vcflel into which fpirits are emitted from the Hill.
Thcfe liquors, which the wide receiver fill,
Prepar’d with labour, and refin’d with /kill.
Another courfe to diffant parts begin. Blacbnore.
Alkaline fpirits run in veins down the fides of the receiver
in diffillations, which will not take fire. Arbuthnot.
6. The veffel of the air pump, out of which the air is drawn,
and which therefore receives any body on which experiments
are tried.
The air that in exhaufted receivers of air pumps is exhaled
from minerals, is as true as to elafticity and denfity or rare¬
faction, as that we refpire in. Bentley.
To Recele'brate. v. a. [re and celebrate.'] To celebrate anew.
French air and Englifli verfe here wedded lie :
Who did this knot compofe.
Again hath brought the lilly to the rofe ;
And with their chained dance.
Recelebrates the joyful match. Ben). Johnfon.
Re'cency. n. f [rccens, Lat.J Newnefs; new Hate.
A fchirrhus in ics recency, whilft it is in its augment, re¬
quired! milder applications than the confirmed one. Wifcman.
Recession, n. J'. [recenfo, Lat.J Enumeration; review.
In this recenfion of monthly flowers, it is to be underftood
from its firff appearing to its final withering. Evelyn’s Kalen.
RE'CENT. adj. [recens, Latin.J
1. New ; not of long exiftence.
The ancients were of opinion, that thofe parts, where
Egypt now is, were formerly fea, and that a confiderable por¬
tion of that country was recent, and formed out of the mud
difeharged into the neighbouring fea by the Nile. Woodward.
2. Late ; not antique.
Among all the great and worthy perfons, whereof the
memory remaineth, either ancient or recent, there is not one
that hath been tranfported to the mad degree of love. Bacon.
3. Frefli; not long difmifled from.
Ulyffes moves,
LFrg’d on by want, and recentfrom the fforms.
The brackifh ouze his manly grace deforms. Pope.
Recently, adv. [from recent.] Newly ; frefhly.
Thofe tubes, which are mod recently made of fluids, are
molt flexible'and mod eafily lengthened. Arbuthnot.
Rece'ntntess. n.f. [from recent.] Newnefs ; frefhnefs.
This inference of the recentncfs of mankind from the recentnefs of thefe apothcofes of gentile deities, feems too weak
to bear up this fuppofition of the novitas humani generis. Hale.
ReceTtaci.e. n.f. [receptaculum, Lat.] A veffel or place
into which any thing is received.
When the fharpnefs of death was overcome, he then
opened heaven, as well to believing gentiles as Jews : heaven
till then was no receptacle to the fouls of either. Hooker.
The county of Tipperary, the only county palatine in
Ireland, is by abufe of fome bad ones made a receptacle to rob
the reft of the counties about it. Spenfers State of Ireland.
As in a vault, an ancient receptacle.
Where for thefe many hundred years, the bones
Of all my buried anceffors are packt. Shakefp.
The eye of the foul, or receptacle of fapience and divine
knowledge. Raleigh’s Hijlory of the IParid.
Left paradife a receptacle prove
'To fpirits foul, and all my trees their prey. Milton.
Their intelligence, put in at the top of the horn, fhall
convey it into a little receptacle at the bottom. Addifon.
Thefe are conveniencies to private perfons ; inftead of being
receptacles for the truly poor, they tempt men to pretend po¬
verty, in order to flvare the advantages. Atterbury.
Though the fupply from this great receptacle below be con¬
tinual and alike to all the globe ; yet when it arrives near the
lurface, where the heat is not lb uniform, it is fubjeft to
viciflitucfes. n n _. ... Woodward.
ReceptibFlity. n.f. [receptus, Lat.J Poffibility of receiving.
The pcripatetick matter is a pure unatfuated power; and
this conceited vacuum a mere receptibiliiy. Glanvill.
Re'ceptary. n.f [receptus, Lat.J Thing received. Notinufe.
They, which behold the prefent Hate of things, cannot
condemn our fober enquiries in the doubtlul appertenanues of
arts and receptaries of philofophy. Brown.
Rkcf/ption. n.f [receptus, Latin.]
1.The a£t of receiving.
R E C
Both ferve completely for the reception and communication
of learned knowledge. Holder’s Elements of Speech.
In this animal are found parts official unto nutrition, which
were its aliment the empty reception of air, provifions had
been fuperfluous. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
2. The date of being received.
3. Admiftion of any thing communicated.
Caufes, according Hill
To the reception of their matter, a£t;
Not to th’ extent of their own fphere. Milton's Par. Lofl.
In fome animals, the avenues, provided by nature for the
reception of fenfations, are few, and the perception, they are
received with, obfeure and dull. Locke.
4. Readmiffion.
All hope is loft
Of my reception into grace. Milton s Par. Lofl.
5- Fhe a<5t of containing.
I cannot furvey this world of fluid matter, without think¬
ing on the hand that firff poured it out, and made a proper
channel for its reception. Addifon.
6. Freatment at firff: coming ; welcome ; entertainment.
This fucceffion of fb many powerful methods being farther
preferibed by God, have found fb difeouraging a reception,
that nothing but the violence of ftorming or battery can pre¬
tend to prove luccefsfu]. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Pretending to confult
About the great reception of their king.
Thither to come. Milton.
7. Opinion generally admitted.
Philofophers, who have quitted the popular do&rines of
their countries, have fallen into as extravagant opinions, as
even common reception countenanced. Locke.
8. Recovery.
He was right glad of the French king’s reception of thofe
towns from Maximilian. Bacon's Henry VII.
Re'ceptive. adj. [receptus, Lat.] Having the quality of ad¬
mitting what is communicated.
The foul being, as it is aftive, perfefted by love of that
infinite good, fhall, as it is receptive, be alio perfected with
thofe fupernatural paffions of joy, peace and delight. Hooker.
The pretended firff: matter is capable of all forms, and the
imaginary fpace is receptive of all bodies. Glanvill.
Receptory. adj. [receptus, Lat.] Generally or popularly
admitted. 1 J v r y
Although therein be contained many excellent things, and
verified upon his own experience, yet are there many alfo
receptory, and will not endure the teft. Brown,
Rece/ss. n.f. [receffus, Latin.]
1. Retirement; retreat; withdrawing; feceffion.
What tumults could not do, an army muff:; my recefs hath
given them confidence that I may be conquered. K. Charles.
Fair Thames Ihe haunts, and ev’ry neighb’ring grove.
Sacred to foft recefs and gentle love. Prior.
2. Departure.
We come into the world, and know not how ; we live in
it in a felf-nefcience, and go hence again, and are as fmorant of our recefs. Glanvill’s Scepf
3. Place of retirement; place of fecrecy ; private abode.
This happy place, our fweet
Recefs, and only confolation left. Milton's Par. Lofl.
The deep recefjes of the grove he gain’d. Dryden.
I wiffi that a crowd of bad writers do not rufli into the
quiet of your reccjfcs. Dryden’s Don Sebaflian.
4. [Recez, Fr.] Perhaps an abffraCt of the proceedings of an
imperial diet.
In the imperial chamber, the proCtors have a florin taxed
and allowed them for every fubflantial recefs. Ayiijfe.
5. Departure into privacy.
The great feraphick lords and cherubim,
In clofe recefs, and fecret conclave fat. Milton.
In the recefs of the jury, they are to confider their evidence; Hale.
6. Remiffion or fufpenfion of any procedure.
On both fides they made rather a kind of recefs, than a
breach ot treaty, and concluded upon a truce. Bacon*
I conceived this parliament would find work, with conve¬
nient reccfes, for the firff: three years. King Charles.
7. Removal to diffance.
Whatloever fign the fun poffefiTed, whofe recefs or vicinity
defineth the quarters of the year, thofe of our leafons were
actually exiffent. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
8. Privacy; fecrecy of abode.
Good verfe, recefs and fo’itude requires ;
^ And eafe from cares, and undiffurb’d defires. Dryden.
9. Secret part. ^
In their myfferics, and molt fecret recejts, and adyta of
their religion, their heathen priefts betrayed and led their vo¬
taries into all the molt horrid unnatural fins. Hammond.
Every Icholar fhould acquaint himfelf with a fuperficial
. feheme of all the faences, yet there hi no neceffity for every
man of learning to enter into their difficulties and deep
icicj/es. Watts’s Improvement ofthe Mind.
21 H Recession.
R E C
Rec r'ssion. n.f. [recejfio, Lat.] The acH: of retreating.
To Rf.cha'nge. v. a. [rechanger, Fr. re and change.] To
change again.
Thofe endued with forefight, work with facility ; others are
perpetually changing and feehanging their work. Dryden.
To Recha'rge. v. a. [recharger, Fr. re and charge.]
1. To accufe in return.
The fault, that we find with them, is, that they over¬
much abridge the church of her power in thefe things : where¬
upon they recharge us, as if in thefe things we gave the church
a liberty, which hath no limits or bounds. Hooker,
2. To attack anew.
They charge, recharge, and all along the fea
They drive, and fquander the huge Belgian fleet. Dryden.
Rechea't. n.f. Among hunters, a lefion which the huntfman winds on the horn, when the hounds have loft their
game, to call them back from purfuing a counterfcent. Bail.
That a woman conceived me, I thank her ; but that I will
have a recheat winded in my forehead, or hang my bugle in
an invifible baldrick, all women fhall pardon me. Shakefp.
Recidiva'tion. n.f. [recidivus, Lat.J Backfliding ; falling
again.
Our renewed obedience is ftill moft indifpenfably required,
though mixed with much of weaknefs, frailties, recidivations,
to make us capable of pardon. Hammond's Pradt. Cat.
RecidiVous. adj. [recidivus, Lat.] SubjeCt to fall again.
Re'cipe. n. f. [recipe, Lat. the term ufed by phyficians, when
they dire£t ingredients.] A medical prefeription.
I Ihould enjoin you travel; for abfence doth in a kind re¬
move the caufe, and anfwers the phyficians firft recipe, vo¬
miting and purging ; but this would be too harlh. Suckling.
Th’ apothecary train is wholly blind.
From files a random recipe they take,
And many deaths of one prefeription make. Dryden.
Recipient, n.f. [recipiens, Latin.]
1. The receiver; that to which any thing is communicated.
Though the images, or whatever elfe is the caufe of fenfe,
may be alike as from the object, yet may the reprefentations
be varied according to the nature of the recipient. Glanvill.
2. [Recipient, Fr.] The veflel into which fpirits are driven by
the ftill.
The form of found words, diftolved by chymical prepara¬
tion, ceafes to be nutritive ; and after all the labours of the
alembeck, leaves in the recipient a fretting corrofive. D. ofPie.
RECI PROCAL, adj. [reciprocus, Lat. reciproque, Fr.]
1. Adding in viciffitude; alternate.
Corruption is reciprocal to generation ; and they two are as
nature’s two boundaries, and guides to life and death. Bacon.
What if that light,
To the terreftial moon be as a ftar,
Enlight’ning her by day, as (he by night,
This earth ? reciprocal, if land be there.
Fields and inhabitants. Milton.
2. Mutual; done by each to each.
Where there’s no hope of a reciprocal aid, there can be no
reafon for the mutual obligation. L'EJlrange.
In reciprocal duties, the failure on one fide juftifies not a
failure on the other. Clarijfa.
3. Mutually interchangeable.
Thefe two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the
thing defined ; which, in the fchools, iignifies, that the de¬
finition may be ufed in the place of the thing defined. Watts.
4. In geometry, reciprocal proportion is, when, in four num¬
bers, the fourth number is fo much Idler than the fecond, as
the third is greater than the firft, and vice verfa. Harris.
According to the laws of motion, if the bulk and a&ivity
of aliment and medicines are in reciprocal proportion, the ef¬
fect will be the fame. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Reciprocally, adv. [from reciprocal.] Mutually ; inter¬
changeably.
His mind and place
Infecting one another reciprocally. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Make the bodies appear enlightened by the Ihadows which
bound the fight, which caufe it to repofe for fome fpace of
time ; and reciprocally the Ihadows may be made fenfible by
enlightening your ground. Dryden.
If the diftance be about tbe hundredth part of an inch,
the water will rife to the height of about an inch ; and if the
diftance be greater or lefs in any proportion, the height will
be reciprocally proportional to the diftance very nearly : for the
attractive force of the glafles is the fame, whether the diftance
between them be greater or lefs ; and the weight of the wa¬
ter drawn up is the fame, if the height of it be reciprocally
proportional to the height of the glafles. Newton's Opticks.
f hofe two particles do reciprocally affedl each other with
the fame force and vigour, as they would do at the fame di¬
ftance in any other fituation. Bentley.
Reciprocalness. n.f. [from reciprocal.] Mutual return;
alternatenefs.
I he reciprocalnefs of the injury ought to allay tlie difpleafure at it. Decay of Piety.
To Reci procate, v. n. [reciprocus, Lat. reciproquer, Fr.J
To act interchangeably; to alternate.
R E C
One brawny fmith the puffing bellows plies.
And draws, and blows reciprocating air.
From whence the quick reciprocating breath,
"I he lobe adhelive, and the fweat of death.
Dryden.
* — VC. Sewel. .V'J,
Reciproca'tion. n.f. [reciprocatio, from red. rocus, Latin.]
Alternation ; adtion interchanged.
Bodies may be altered by heat, and yet no fuch nc\proca¬
tion of rarefadtion, condenfation and leparation. Bacon.
7 hat Ariftotle drowned himfelf in Euripus, as defpairinoto refolve the caufe of its reciprocation or ebb and flow feven
times a day, is generally believed. Brown.
Where the bottom of the fea is owze or fund, it is by
the motion of the waters, fo far as the reciprocation of the fea
extends to the bottom, brought to a level. Ray.
The fyftole refembles the forcible bending of a Ipring, and
the diaftole its flying out again to its natural lite : what is the
principal efficient of this reciprocation ? Ray.
Reci'sion. n.f. [recifus, Lat.J The adt of cutting off.
Recital, n. f. [from recite.]
1. Repetition; rehearfal.
The laft are repetitions and recitals of the firft. Denham.
This often lets him on empty boafts, and betrays him into
vain fantaftick recitals of his own performances. " Addifon.
2. Enumeration.
To make the rough recital aptly chime,
Or bring the fum of Gallia’s lofs to rhime.
Is mighty hard. Prior.
Recita'tion. n.f. [from recite.] Repetition; rehearfal.
If menaces of feripture fall upon men’s perfons, if they are
but the recitations and defcriptions of God’s decreed wrath
and thofe decrees and that wrath have no refpedl to the ac¬
tual fins of men ; why Ihould terrors reftrain me from fin
when prefent advan'age invites me to it ? Hammond.
He ufed philofophical arguments and recitations. Temple.
Re'citative. I n.f. [from recite.] A kind of tuneful proRecitat/vo. 5 nunciation, more mufical than common
fpeech, and lefs than long; chaunt.
He introduced the examples of moral virtue, writ in verfe,
and performed in recitative muftek. Dryden.
By flnging peers upheld on either hand.
Then thus in quaint recitativo fpoke. Dunciad, b. iv.
To RECI'TE. v. a. [recito, Lat. reciter, Fr.J To rehearfe ;
to repeat; to enumerate ; to tell over.
While Telephus’s youthful charms.
His rofy neck, and winding arms,
With endlefs rapture you recite,
And in the tender name delight. Addifo'on.
The thoughts of geds let Granville’s verfe recite,
And bring the feenes of op’ning fate to light. Po‘e.
If we will recite nine hours in ten,
You lofe your patience. Pope's Epi/lles of Horace.
Recite, n.f. [recit, Fr. from the verb.J Recital. Not in ufe.
This added to all former recites or obfervacions of lon^-
liv’d races, makes it eafy to conclude, that health and long
life are the blefiings of the poor as well as rich. Temple.
To RECK. v. n [pecan, Saxon.] To care; to heed; to
mind ; to rate at much ; to be in care. Out of ufe. Reck
is ftill retained in Scotland.
Thou’s but a lazy loorde,
And recks much of thy fwinke,
That with fond terms and witlefs words,
To bleer mine eyes do’ft think. Spcnfer.
Good or bad.
What do I reck, fith that he dy’d entire. Fairy Queen.
I reck as little what betideth me.
As much I wilh all good befortune you. Shakefp.
Of night or lonelinefs it recks me not;
I fear tbe dread events that dog them both.
Left fome ill-greeting touch attempt the perfon
Of our unowned After. Milton.
With that care loft
Went all his fear ; of God, or hell or worfe
He reck'd not. Milton.
To Reck. v. a. To heed ; to care for.
7 his fon of mine, not recking danger, and neglecting the
prefent good way he was in of doing himfelf good, came
hither to do this kind office to my unlpeakable gnef. Sidney.
If I do lofe thee, I do lofe a thing.
That none but fools would reck. Shakejp.
Do not you as ungracious parfons do.
Who (hew the fteep and thorny way to hcav’n ;
Yet like unthinking recklefs libertines,
7 hat in the foft path of dalliance treads,
Recks not his own rede. Shakefp.
Re'ckless. adj. [from reck ; pecceleay, Saxon ] Careleis ;
heedlefs ; mindlefs ; untouched. See RECK.
It made the king as recklefs, as them diligent, Sidney.
I’ll after, more to be reveng’d of Eglamour
Than for the love of recklefs Silvia. Shakejp.
He apprehends death no more dreadfully, but as a drunken
fleep ; carelefs, rccklef, and fcarlefs of what’s paft, prefent
or to come; infenflblc ofmortality anddefperately mortal. Sha.
Next
R E C REC
Next this was drawn the recklefs cities flame,
When a ftrar.ge hell pour’d down from heaven there came.
Cowley.
Re'ck i.fsness. n.f. [from reck. This word in the feventeenth
article is erroneoufly written wretddefsnefs.] Carelefsnefs ;
negligence.
Over many good fortunes began to breed a proud recklefnefs in them. Sidney.
To RE CKON, v.a. [pcccan, Saxon ; reckencn, Dutch.]
j> To number ; to count.
The priell fhall reckon unto him the money according to
the years that remain, and it fhall be abated. Lev. xxvii. 18.
Numb’ring of his virtues praife,
Death loft the reckoning of his days. Crcijhaw.
When are queftions belonging to all finite exiftences by us
reckoned from fome known parts of this fenfible world, and
from fome certain epochs marked out by motions in it. Locke.
The freezing of water, or the blowing of a plant, return¬
ing at cquidiftant periods, would as well ferve men to reckon
their years by, as the motions of the fun. Locke.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outfide of the
church, though I only told three fides of it. Adclifon.
Would the Dutch be content with the military government
and revenues, and reckon it among what fhall be thought neceflary for their barrier ? Swift's Mifcellanies.
A multitude of cities are reckoned up by the geographers,
particularly by Ptolemy. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. To efteem ; to account.
Where we cannot be perfuaded that the will of God is,
we fhould far reject the authority of men, as to reckon it
nothing. Hooker.
Varro’s aviary is ftill fo famous, that it is reckoned for one
of thofe notables, which men of foreign nations record. JVott.
For him I reckon not in high eftate;
But thee, whofe ftrength, while virtue was her mate.
Might have fubdu’d the earth. Milton's Agonijles.
People, young and raw, and foft-natured, are apt to think
it an eafy thing to gain love, and reckon their own friendfhip
a fure price of another man’s: but when experience fhall have
fhewn them the hardnefs of moil hearts, the hollownefs of
others and the bafenefs of all, they will find that a friend is
the gift of God, and that he only, who made hearts, can
unite them. South's Sermons.
3. To affign in an account.
To him that worketh is the reward not reckoned of grace,
but of debt. Romans tv. 4.
To Reckon, v. n.
1. To compute ; to calculate.
We may fairly reckon, that this firft age of apoftles, with
that fecond generation of many who were their immediate
converts, extended to the middle of the fecond century. Add.
2. To ftate an account.
We fhall notfpend a large expence of time.
Before we reckon with your feveral loves.
And make us even with you. Shakefp.
3. To charge to account.
I call poflerity
Into the debt, and reckon on her head. Benj, Johnfon.
4. To pay a penalty.
If they fail in their bounden duty, they fhall reckon for it
one day. Sanderfon's 'Judgment.
5. To call to punifhment.
God fuffers the inoft grievous fins of particular perfons to
go unpunifhed in this world, becaufe his juftice will have an¬
other opportunity to meet and reckon with them. Tiilotfon.
6. [Compterfur, Fr.] To lay ftrel's or dependance upon.
You reckon upon loling your friends kindnels, when you
have fufficiently convinced them, they can never hope for
any of yours. Temple's Mifcellanies.
Reckoner, n.f. [from reckonL\ One who computes; one
who calculates coft.
Reckoners without their hoft muft reckon twice. Camden.
Reckoning, n.f. [from reckon.]
1. Computation; calculation.
2. Account of time.
Can’ll thou their reck'nings keep ? the time compute ?
When their fwoln bellies fhall enlarge their fruit. Sandys.
3. Accounts of debtor and creditor.
They that know how their own reck'ning goes,
Account not what they have, but what they lofe. Daniel.
It is with a man and his confcience, as with one man and
another; even reckoning makes lafting friends ; and the way
to make reckonings even, is to make them often. South.
4. Money charged by an hoft.
His induftry is up flairs and down ; his eloquence the parcel
of a reckoning. Shakefp. Henry IV.
When a man’s verfes cannot be underftood, it ftrikes a
man more dead than a great reckoning in a little room. Shak.
A coin would have a nobler ufe than to pay a reckoning. Add.
5. Account taken.
There was no reckoning made with them of the money de¬
livered iato their hand. 2 Kings.
6.Efteem ; account; eftimation.
Beauty, though in as great excellency in yourfelf as in any,
yet you make no further reckoning of it, than of an outward
fading benefit nature bellowed. Sidney.
Were they all of as great account as the beft among them,
with us notwithftanding they ought not to be of fuch reckon¬
ing, that their opinion ihould caufie die laws of the church to
give place. Hooker's Preface.
I o Reclai'm. v.a. [reclamo, Latin.]
1. I o reform ; to corredl.
He Ipared not the heads of any mifehievous pradlices, but
fhewed fharp judgment on them for enfample fake, that all
the meaner fort, which were infedted with that evil, might,
by terror thereof, be reclaimed and laved. Spenjer.
This errour whofoever is able to reclaim, he fhall fave more
in one fummer, than Themifon deftroy’d in any autumn.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Reclaim your wife from ftrolling up and down
To all affizes. Dryden's Juvenal.
' Fis the intention of providence, in all the various expreffions of his goodnefs, to reclaim mankind, and to engage their
obedience. Rogers's Sermons.
The penal laws in being againft papifts have been found
ineffectual, and .rather confirm than reclaim men from their
errors. Swift.
2. [Redarner, Fr.] To reduce to the ftate defired.
It was for him to haften to let his people fee, that he meant
to govern by law, howfoever he came in by the fword ; and
fit alfo to reclaim them, to know him for their king, whom
they had fo lately talked of as an enemy. & Bacon.
Much labour is requir’d in trees, to tifme
Their wild diforder, and in ranks reclaim. Dryden.
Minds fhe the dangers of the Lycian coaft ?
Or is her tow’ring flight reclaim'd,
By feas from Icarus’s downfal nam’d ?
Vain is the call, and ufelefs the advice. Prior.
3. To recall; to cry out againft.
The head-ftrong horles hurried Oftavius, the trembling
charioteer, along, and were deafto his reclaiming them. Dryd.
Oh tyrant love !
Wifdom and wit in vain reclaim,
And arts but foften us to feel thy flame. Pete.
4. To tame.
Upon his fill he bore
An eagle well reclaim'd. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
Are not hawks brought to the hand, and lions, tygers and
bears reclaimed by good ufage ? L'EJlrange's Fables.
To Recli ne. v. a. [reclino, Lat. recliner, Fr.] To lean back;
to lean fidewife.
The mother
Reclin'd her dying head upon his breaft. Dryden.
While thus fhe refted, on her arm reclin'd,
The purling ftreams that through the meadow ftray’d,
In drowfy murmurs lull’d the gentle maid. Addifon.
To Recli'ne. v.n. To reft; to repofe ; to lean.
Recli'ne. adj. [reclinis, Lat.] In a leaning pofture.
They fat recline
On the foft downy bank, damalk’d with flow’rs. Milton.
ToReclo'se. v. a. [re and clo’e.] To clofe again.
^ The filver ring fhe pull’d, the door redos'd-,
T he bolt, obedient to the filken cord.
To the ftrong ftaples inmoft depth reftor’d.
Secur’d the valves. Pope's Odyjfey.
To Reclu'de. v.a. [recludo, Lat.] To open.
1 he ingredients abforb the inteftinal fuperfluities, recluds
oppilations, and mundify the blood. Harvey.
Reclu'se. adj. [reclus, Fr. reclufus, Lat.] Shut up; retired.
This muff be the inference of a mere contemplative ; a
reclufe that converfes only with his own meditations. D. of P.
The nymphs
Meliflan, facred and reclufe to Ceres,
Pour ftreams feledf, and purity of waters. Prior.
I all the live long day
Conlume in meditation deep, reclufe from human converfe.
t, . . Philips.
Kecoagula tion. n. f. [re and coagulation ] Second coagu¬
lation. &
T his fait, diflolved in a convenient quantity of water, does
upon its recoagulation difpofe of the aqueous particles amongits own faline ones, and fhoot into cryftals. Boyle.
Rkco'gnisance. n.f. [recognifance, Fr.] J
1. Acknowledgement of perfon or thing.
2. Badge.
Apparent it is, that all men are either chriftians or not • if
h^nTT1 rf? r°u tPy be, churm‘a,'s> are they of ’the
vtf.hle church of Chnft ; and chnffians by external pLeffion
they are all, whole mark ot recognizance hath in it thofe
yet altlioush they bc xr
cl„ i-i .-c 1 • Hooker, b. 111. /. 1.
She did gratify his amorous works
With that and pledge of love,
Which I firft gave her; an handkerchief. Shakefp.
3. A
\
/
R E C
3. A bond of record teftifying the rccognifor to owe unto the
recognifee a certain fum of money ; and is acknowledged in
fome court of record : and thofe that are mere recogniiances
are not fealed but enrolled : It is alio ui'ed for the verdidt ot
the twelve men empannelled upon an affize. Coivcl.
The Englifh fhould not marry with any Irilh, unlefs bound
by recognifance with fureties, to continue loyal. Davies.
To Recognise, v. a. [recognofco, Lat.]
1. To acknowledge ; to recover and avow knowledge of any
pcrfon or thing.
The BrittIh cannon formidably roars,
While ftarting from his oozy bed,
Th’ afterted ocean rears his reverend head,
To view and recognife his ancient lord. Dryden.
Then firft he recognis'd th’ aethereal gucft,
Wonder and joy alternate fire his breaft. Pope.
2. To review ; to reexamine.
However their caufes fpeed in your tribunals, Chrift will
recognife them at a greater. boutb.
Recognise eC n.f. "He in whofe favour the bond is drawn.
Recg'gnisor. n.J. He who gives the recognifance.
Recognition. n.f. [recognition Latin.]
1. Review ; renovation of knowledge.
The virtues of fome being thought expedient to be annually
had in remembrance, brought in a fourth kind of publick
reading, whereby the lives of fitch faints had, at the time of
their yearly memorials, folemn recognition in the church of
God. Hooker, b. iii. f. 20.
2. Knowledge confefied.
' Every fpecies of fancy hath three modes ; recognition of a
thing, as prefent; memory of it, as paft ; and forefight of it,
as to come. Grew’s Cofmol.
3. Acknowledgment. ,
If the recognition or acknowledgment of a final concord,
upon any writ of covenant finally, be taken by juftice of af¬
fize, and the yearly value of thofe lands be declared by affi¬
davit made before the fame juftice ; then is the recognition and
value figned with the hand-writing of thatjuftice. Bacon.
To RecoEl. v. n. [Teculer, Fr.]
1.To rufh back in confequence of reftftance, which cannot be
overcome by the force imprefted.
The very thought of my revenges that way
Recoil upon me ; in himfelf too mighty. Shakefp.-
Revenge, at firft though fweet.
Bitter ere long, back on itfelf recoils. Milton.
' Amazement feiz’d
All th’ hoft of heav’n, back they recoil'd, afraid
At firft. Milton s Paradife Lojl, b. ii.
Evil on itfelf fhall back recoil. Milton.
Who in deep mines for hidden knowledge toils,
Like guns o’ercharg’d, breaks, mifles or recoils. Denham.
My hand’s fo foft, his heart fo hard.
The blow recoils, and hurts rrie while I ftrike 1 Dryden.
Whatever violence may be offered to nature, by endea¬
vouring to reafon men into a contrary perluafion, nature will
ftill recoil, and at laft return to itfelf. Tillotfon.
2. To fall back.
Ye both forewearied be ; therefore a while
I read you reft, and to your bowers recoil. Fairy Queen*
Ten paces huge
He back recoil’d; the tenth on bended knee.
His inafiy fpear upftay’d. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. vi.
3. To fail; to fhrink.
A good and virtuous nature may recoil
In an imperial charge. _ Shakefp. Macbeth.
To RecoTn. v. a. [re and coin.] To coin over again.
Among the R.omans, to preferve great events upon their
coins, when any particular piece ot money grew very fcarce,
it was often recoined by a fucceeding emperor. Addifon.
Recoi'nage. n.f. [re and coinage.] T he a£t of coining anew.
The mint gained upon the late ftatute, by the recoinage of
crroats and half-groats, now twelvepences and fixpences. Bac.
To RECOLLE CT. v. a. [recollettus, Lat.]
1. To recover to memory.
It did relieve my paffion much ;
More than-light airs and recollected terms
Of thefe moft brifk and giddy paced times. Shakefp.
Recolledt every day the things feen, heard, or read, which
made any addition to your underftanding. Ikatts s Logick.
2. To recover reafon or refolution.
The Tyrian queen
Admir’d his fortunes, more admir’d the man ;
Then recollected ftood. Dryden's .Fuels.
3. To gather what is fcattered ; to gather again.
Now that God hath made his light radiate in his word,
men may recoiled thofe fcattered divine beams, and kindling
with them the topicks proper to warm our affedlions, enflamc
holy zeal. Boyle.
Recollection, n.f [from recoiled.] Recovery of notion ;
revival in the memory.
Recollection is when an idea is fought after by the mind, and
with pain and endeavour fousd, and brought again in view.
2 Locke.
REG
Let us take care that we fleep not without fuch a reiollection of the adfions of the day as may reprefent any thing that
is remarkable, as matter of forrow or thanksgiving. Taylor.
The laft image of that troubled heap,
When fenfe fubiides, and fancy fports in fleep,
Though paft the recollection of the thought,
Becomes the fluff of which our dream Is wrought. Pi>pe.
To Reco'mfort. v. a. [re and comfort.]
1. To comfort or confole again.
What place is there left, we may hope our woes to re*
comfort. Sidney, b. i.
Ne’er through an arch fo hurried the blown tides,
As the recomforted through th’ gates. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
As one from fad difmay
Rccomforted, and, after thoughts difturb’d.
Submitting to what feem’d remedilefs. Milton.
2. To give new ftrength.
In ftrawberries, it is ufual to help the ground with muck ;
and likewife to rcconfort it fometimes with muck put to the
roots; but to water with muck water is not pra&ifed. Bacon.
To Recommence, v. a. [recommencer, Fr. re and commence.]
To begin anew.
To RECOMME'ND. v. a. [,recommencin', Fr. re and commend J
1. To praife to another.
2. To make acceptable.
Mecenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Atiguftus,
whofe praifes helped tq make him popular while alive, and
after his death have made him precious to pofterity. Dryden.
A decent boldnefs ever meets with friends.
Succeeds, and ev’n a ftranger recommends. Pope.
3. To commit with prayers.
They had been recommended to the grace of God. A.Cts xiv.
R ecomme'ndabl e . adj. [recomniendaHefdr. {corn recommend.]
Worthy of recommendation or praiA.jr
Though thefe purfuits fhould mal out no pretence to ad¬
vantage, yet, upon the account of nonour, they are recommendable. Glanvill’s Preface to Scepf.
Recommendation, n.f. [recommendation, Fr. from recom¬
mend.]
1. The act of recommending.
2. That which lecures to one a kind reception from another.
Poplicola’s doors were-opened on the outfide, to fave the
people even the common civility of afking entrance ; where
misfortune was a powerful recommendation; and where want
itfelf was a powerful mediator. Dryden.
Recommendatory, adj. [from recommend.] That which
commends to another.
Verfes recommendatory they have commanded me to prefix
before my book. Swift.
Recomme/nder. n.f. [from recommend.] One who recom¬
mends.
St. Chrvfoftom, as great a lover and recommcnder of the
folitary ftate as he was, declares it to be no proper fchool for
thofe who are to be leaders of Chrift’s flock. Atterbury.
To Recommi't. v. a. [re and commit.] To commit anev,r.
When they had bailed the twelve bifhops, who were in
the Tower, the houfe of commons expoftulatcd with them,
and caufed them to be recommitted. Clarendon.
To Recompa'ct. [re and compact.] To join anew.
Repair
And recompad my fcatter’d body. Donne.
To Recompense, v. a. [;recompenfer, Fr. re and compenfo, Lat.]
r. To repay ; to requite.
Continue faithful, and. we will recompenfe you. 1 Mac. x.
Hear from heaven, and requite the wicked, by recompenfing
his v/ay upon his own head. 2 Chron. vi. 23.
2. To give in requital.
Thou waft begot of them, and how canft thou recompenfe
them the things they have done for thee ! Eccluf viii. 2$.
Recompenfe to no man evil for evil. Rom. xii. 17.
3. To compenfate ; to make up by fomething equivalent.
French wheat, which is bearded, requiretn the beft foil,
recompenfng the fame with a profitable plenty. Carew.
Solyman, willing them to be of good chccr, faid, that he
would in fhort time find occafion for them to recompenfe that
difgrace, and again to fhew their approved valour. Knolles.
He is long ripening, but then his maturity, and the com¬
plement thereof, recompenfeth the flovvnefs of bis maturation.
Hale's Origin of Mankind.
4. To redeem ; to pay for.
If the man have no kinfman to recompenfe the trefpafs unto,
let it be recompenjed unto the Lord. hum. v. 8.
Recompense, n.f. [recompenfe, Fr. from the verb.]
Thou’rt fo Jar before.
That fwifteft wing of recompenfe is flow ( ; .
To overtake thee. Smdefp.
Equivalent ; compcnfation.
Wife men thought the vaft advantage from their learning
and integrity an aniplc'recompenfe for any inconvenience from
their paiiion. . „ „ Ckrenlm.
Your mother’s wrongs a recompenfe Hr all meet,
I lav inv feeptre at her daughter’s feet. Dryden.
RecomiTlement.
R E C
n.f. [re and compilement.] New com- 3
REC
RECOMPl'LEMENT.
pilement. .
Although I had a purpofe to make a particular diged or recompilement of the laws, I laid it afide. Bacon,
To Recompo'se* v. a. [;recompofer, Fr. re and compose.]
I. To fettle or quiet anew.
Elijah was fo tranfported, that he could not receive anfwer
from God, till by mufick he was recompofed. Taylor.
To form or adjud anew.
We produced a lovely purple, which we can dedroy or
recompofe at pleafure, by fevering or reapproaching the edges
of the two irifes. Boyle on Colours.
Recomposition, n.f [re and compofition.] Compofition re¬
newed.
To RECONCI LE. v. a. [reconcilier, Fr. reconcilia, Lat.]
To make to like again.
This noble paffion,
Child of integrity, hath from my foul
Wip’d the black fcruples, reconcil'd my thoughts
To thy good truth and honour. Shakefp.
Submit to Csefar;
And reconcile thy mighty foul to life; Addifon's Cato.
To make to be liked again.
Many wiie men, who knew the treafurer’s talent in re¬
moving prejudice, and reconciling himfelf to wavering affec¬
tions, believ’d the lofs of the duke was unfeafonable. Claren.
I.
2.
Attonement; expiation.
He might be a merciful and faithful high prieft to make re¬
conciliation for fin. Heb. ii. 17.
To Reconde'nse. v. a. [re and condenfe.] To condenie anew.
In the heads of Hills and necks of eolipiles, fuch vapours
quickly are by a very little cold recondenfed into water. Boyle.
Reco/ndite. adj. [reconditus, Lat.j Secret; profound ; abftrufe.1
A difagreement between thought and exprefiion feldom
happens, but among men of more recondite dudies and deep
learning. Felton on the Clafficks.
To Recondu'ct. v. a. [reconduit, Fr. reconduftus, Lat. re
and conduct.] To condudt again.
Wander’ll thou within this lucid orb,
And flray’d from thofe fair fields of light above,
Amid’fl this new creation want’d a guide.
To reconcluSi thy fteps ? Dryden's State of Innocence.
To Reconjoi'n. v. a. [re and conjoin.] To join anew.
Some liquors, although colourlefs themfelves, when ele¬
vated into exhalations, exhibit a confpicuous colour, which
they lofe again when reconjoined into a liquor. Boyle.
To Reco'nquer. v. a. [reconquering Fr. re and conquer.] To
conquer again.
Chatterton undertook to reconquer Orier. Davies.
To Reconve ne, v. n. [re and convene.] To affemble anew.
A worfe accident fell out about the time of the two houfes
reconvening, which made a wonderful impreffion. Clarendon.
He that has accuftomed himfelf to take up with what eafily To Reco'nsecrate. v. a. [re and confecraie.J To confecrate
offers itfelf, has leafon to fear he {hall never reconcile himfelf
to the fatigue of turning things in his mind, to difeover their
more retired fecrets. Locke.
'a. To make any thing confident.
The great men among the ancients underdood how to re¬
concile manual labour with affairs of date. Locke.
Quedions of right and wrong
Which though our confciences have reconciled,
My learning cannot anfwer. Southern's Spartan Da?ne.
Some figures mondrous and mifnap’d appear,
Confider’d fingly, or beheld too near ;
W hich but proportion’d to their light or place.
Due didance reconciles to form and grace. Pope.
3. To redore to favour.
So thou fhalt do for every one that erreth and is fimple,
fo fhall ye reconcile the houfe. Ezek. xlv. 20.
Let him live before thee reconcil'd. Milton,
Reconcile able. adj. [reconciliable, Fr. from reconcile.]
1. Capable of renewed kindnefs.
2. Confident ; pofiible to be made confident.
What we did was againd the dictates of olir own con¬
fidence ; and confequently never makes that act reconcileable
with a regenerate edate, which otherwife would not be
fo. Hammond,
The different accounts of the numbers of fhips are recon¬
cileable, by fuppoiing that fome fpoke of the men of war
only, and others added the tranfports. Arbuthnot.
I he bones, to be the mod convenient, ought to have been
as light, as was reconcileable with fufficient drength. Cheyne,
Reconcile ableness, n.f [from reconcileable.]
j. Confidence; poffibility to be reconciled.
The cylinder is an inanimate lifelefs trunk, which bath no¬
thing of choice or will in it; and therefore cannot be a fit
refemblance to fhew the reconcileablenefs of fate with choice.
Hammond.
Difcerning how the feveral parts of feripture are fitted to
feveral times, perfons and occurrences, we fhall difeover not
only a reconcileablenefs, but a frienddiip and perfedt harmony
betwixt texts, that here feem mod at variance. Boyle.
2. Difpofition to renew love.
Reconcilement, n.f. [from reconcile.]
anew.
If a church fhould be confumed by fire, it fhall, in fuch a
cafe, be reconfecrated. Ayliffe's Parergon.
To Reconve y, v. a [re and convey.] To convey again.
As rivers lod in feas, fome fecret vein
Thence reconveys, there to be lod again. Denham.
To RECO'RD. v. a. [recorder, Lat. recorder, Fr.]
I. To regider any thing fo that its memory may not be lod.
I made him my book, where my foul recorded
The hidory of all my fecret thoughts.
He fhall record a gift
Here in the court, of all he dies poffefs’d,
Unto his fon Lorenzo.
Shakefp.
1. Reconciliation renewal of kindnefs ; favour redored.
No cloud
Of anger fhall remain ; but peace affur’d
And reconcilement. Milton s Paradife Loft, b. iii.
Creature fo fair ! his reconcilement feeking.
Whom die had difpleas’d. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. x.-
2. Frienddiip renewed.
Injury went beyond all degree of reconcilement. Sidney.
On one fide great referve, and very great refentment on the
other, have enfiamed animofities, fo as to make all reconcile¬
ment impracticable. 'r‘ Swift.
RecoNcFleR. n.f. [from reconcile.]
1. One who renews frienddiip between others.
2. One who difeovers the confidence between propofitions.
Part of the world know how to accommodate St. James
and St. Paul, better than fome late reconcilers. Norris.
Reconciliation, n.f [reconciliation from re and concilia,
Lat. reconciliation, E'r.]
1. Renewal of frienddiip.
2. Agreement of things feemingly oppofite j fiolution of feeming contrarieties.
Thefe diftindiions of the fear of God give us a clear and
eafy reconciliation of thofe feeming inconfiftencies of feripture,
%vith refpedt to this affedtion. Rogers.
Shakefp»
Thofe things that are recorded of him and his impiety, are
Written in the chronicles. j Ejdr. i. 42*
I call heaven and earth to record this day againd you, that
I have fet before you life and death. Deutr> xxx. 20.
They gave complex ideas names, that they might the more
eafily record and dilcourfe of thofe things they were daily converfant in. Lockei
2. To celebrate ; to caufe to be remembered folemnly.
They long’d to fee the day, to hear the lark.
Record her hymns, and chant her carrols bled. Fairfax.
So ev’n and morn recorded the third day. Milton.
Record, n.f. [record, Fr. from the verb. The accent of the
noun is indifferently on either fyllable; of the verb always
on the lad.] Regider; authentick memorial.
Is it upon record? or elfe reported
Succeffively, from age to age ? Shakefp. Rich. III.
It cannot be
The Volfcians dare break with us.
—We have record that very well it can ;
And three examples of the like have been. Shakefp.
The king made a record of thefe things, and Mardocheus
wrote thereof. EJlh. xii. 4.
An ark, and in the ark his tedimony.
The records of his covenant. Milton.
Of fuch a goddefs no time leaves record,
Who burn’d the temple where die was ador’d. Dryden,
If he affirms fuch a monarchy continued to the flood, I
Would know what records he has it from. Locke,
Though the atteded copy of a record be good proof, yet
the copy of a copy never fo well atteded will not be admitted
as a proof in judicature. ' Locke.
Thy. elder look, great Janus! cad
Into the long records of ages pad;
Review the years in faired a£tion dreft. Prior.
Recorda'tion. n.f. [recordatio, Lat.] Remembrance. Not
in ufe.
I never fhall have length of life enough.
To rain upon remembrance with mine eyes,
That it may grow and fpout as high as heav’n
For recordation to my noble hufband. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Make a recordation to my foul
Of every fyllable that here was fpoke. 'Shakefp.
A man of the primitive temper, when the church by low *
linefs did flourifli in high examples, which I have inferted
as a due recordation of his virtues, having been much obliged
to him for many favours. JVotton.
Rf.co'rder. n.f [from record.]
1. One whofe bufinefs is to regider any events.
I but your recorder am in this,
Or mouth and fpeaker of the univerfe,
A miniderial notary ; for ’tis
Not I, but you and fame that make the verfe.
21 I
Donne.
2. The
R E G
*2. The keeper of the rolls in a city.
I afk’d, what meant this wilful filence ?
His anfwer was, the people were not us d
To be fpoketo except by the recorder. Shakefp. huh. III.
The office of recorder to this city being vacant, five or fix
perfons are folliciting to lucceed him. wift.
3.A kind of flute ; a wind inftrument.
The (hepherds went among them, and fang an eclogue,
' while the other (hepherds, pulling out recorders, which polfeft the place of pipes, accorded their mufick to the others
voice. ' . Sldneh b' 1X*
In a recorder, the three uppermeft holes yield one tone,
which is a note lower than the tone of the firft three. Bacon.
The figures of recorders, and flutes and pipes are ftraight;
but the 'recorder hath a lefs bore and a greater above and
below. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
To Recou'ch. v. n. [re and couch.'] To lie down again.
Thou mak’ft the night to overvail the day ;
Then lions whelps lie roaring for their prey.
And at thy powerful hand demand their food ;
Who when at morn they all recouch again, ^
Then toiling man till eve purfues his pain. TVotton.
To RECOVER. v. a. [recouvrer, Fr. recupero, Lat.]
1. To reftore from ficknefs or diforder.
Every of us, each for his felf, laboured how to recover him,
while he rather daily fent us companions of our deceit, than
ever return’d in any found and faithful manner. Sidney.
Would my Lord were with the prophet; for he would re¬
cover him of his leprofy. ~ Kings v. 3.
The clouds difpell’d, the fky refum’d her light,
And nature flood recover’d of her fright. Drydcn.
2. To repair.
Should v/e apply this precept only to thofe who are con¬
cerned to recover time they have loft, it would extend to the
whole race of mankind. Rogers,
Even good men have many failings and lapfes to lament
and recover. Rogers.
3. To regain.
Stay a while ; and we’ll debate.
By what fafe means the crown may be recover'd. Shakefp.
The fpirit of the Lord is upon me, to preach the gofpel to
the poor, and recovering of fight to the blind. Luke iv. 18.
Once in forty years cometh a pope, that cafteth his eye
upon the kingdom of Naples, to recover it to the church. Bac.
Theie Italians, in defpight of what could be done, reco¬
vered Tiliaventum. Knolles’s Hijlory ofthe Turks.
I who e’er while the happy garden fung.
By one man’s difobedience loft, now fing
Recover'd Paradife to all mankind.
By one man’s firm obedience. Milton's Paradife Regain'd.
Any other perfon may join with him that is injured, and
affift him in recovering from the offender fo much, as may
make fatisfa&ion. Locke.
4. To releafe.
That they may recover themfelves out of the fnare of the
devil, who are taken captive by him. 2 Tim. ii. 26.
5. To attain ; to reach ; to come up to.
The foreft is not three leagues off;
R E C
If we recover that, we’re fine enough. Shakefp.
To Reco'ver. v. n. To grow well from a difeafe.
Adam, by this from the cold fudden damp
Recovering, "his fcatter’d fpirits return’d. Milton.
Recoverable, adj. [reccuvrable, Fr. from recover.]
1. Poffible to be reftored from ficknefs.
2. Poffible to be regained.
A prodigal’s courfe
Is like the fun’s, but not like his, recoverable, I fear. Shak.
They promifed the good people eafe in the matter of pro¬
tections, by which the debts from parliament men and the tr
followers were not recoverable. Clarendon.
Recovery, n. J. [from recover.]
1. Reftoradon from ficknefs.
Your hopes are regular and reafonable, though in tempo¬
ral affairs ; fuch as are deliverance from enemies, and iecovery from ficknefs. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
The fweat fometimes acid, is a figti of recovery after acute
diftempers. _ Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Power or a£t of regaining.
What fbould move me to undertake the recovery of this,
being not ignorant of the impoflibility ? Shakefp.
Thefe counties were the keys of Normandy .
But wherefore weeps Warwick ?
For grief that they are paft recovery. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Mario Sanudo lived about the fourteenth age, a man full of
zeal for the recovery of the Holy Land. Arbuthnot on Coins.
3. The add of cutting ofF an entail.
The fpirit of wantonnefs is fure feared out of him ; if the
devil have him not in fee Ample, with fine and recovery. Shak.
To RECOU NT. v. a. [reconter, Fr.] To relate in detail \
to tell diftindlly.
Bid him recount the fore-recited pradlices^ Shakefp.
How I have thought of thefe times,
I fliall recount hereafter. Shakefp. Julius Cafar:
Plato in Timneo produces an Egyptian prieft, who recounted
to Solon out of the holy hooks of Egypt the ftory of the flood
univerfal, which happened long before the Grecian inunda¬
tion. Raleigh's Hijlory of the IVorld.
The talk of worldly affairs hindreth much, although re¬
counted with a fair intention : we fpeak willingly, but feldom
return to filence. Taylor's Guide to Devotion.
Say, from thefe glorious feeds what harveft flows.
Recount our bleffings, and compare our woes.
Recou'ntment. n.f [from recount.] Relation; recital.
When from the firft to laft, betwixt us two,
Tears our recountments had moll finely bath’d;
As how I came into that defart place. Shakefp.
Recou red, for Recovered. Spenjer,
Recou’rse. n. f. [recurfus, Lat. recours, Fr.]
1. Frequent paffage. Oblolete.
Not Priamus and Hecuba on knees,
Their eyes o’ergalled with recourfe of tears. Shakefp,
2. Return ; new attack.
Preventive phyfick, by purging noxious humours and the
caules of difeafes, preventeth ficknefs in the healthy, or the
recourfe thereof in the valetudinary. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
3. [Recours, Fr.] Application as for help or protection. This
is the common ufe.
Thus died this great peer, in a time of great recourfe unto
him and dependance upon him, the houfe and town full of
fervants and fuiters. IVotton's Buckingham.
The council of Trent commends the making recourfe, not
only to the prayers of the faints, but to their aid and affifftance. Stillingfeet’s Def. of Dif. on Roman Idol.
Can any man think, that this privilege was at firft con¬
ferred upon the church of Rome, and that chriftians in all
ages had conftant recourfe to it for determining their diffe¬
rences; and yet that that very church fhould now be at a lofs
where to find it ? Tillotjon.
All other means have fail’d to wound her heart.
Our laft recourfe is therefore to our art. Drydcn.
4. Accefs.
The doors be loekt,
That no man hath recourfe to her by night. Shakefpi
ReVreant. adj. [recriant, Fr.]
x. Cowardly ; meanfpirited ; fubdued ; crying out for mercy 1
recanting out of fear.
Let be that lady debonaire.
Thou recreant knight, and foon thyfelfprepare
To battle. Fairy ghteen, b. ii.
Doft
Thou wear a lion’s hide ? doff it for Ihame,
And hang a calf’s fkin on thofe recreant limbs. Shakefp.
Here ftandeth Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk,
On pain to be found falfe and recreant. Shakefp»
Thou
Muft, as a foreign recreant, be led
With manacles along our ftreet. Shakefp.
The knight, whom fate and happy chance (hall grace
From out the bars to force his oppofite.
Or kill, or make him recreant on the plain.
The prize of valour and of love fhall gain. Drydcn,
2. Apoftate ; falfe.
Who for fo many benefits receiv’d.
Turn’d recreant to God, ingrate and falfe.
And fo of all true good himfelf defpoil’d. Milton’s Par. Reg.
To RE'CREATE. v.a. [recreo, Lat recreer, Br.]
1. To refrefh after toil; to amufe or divert in vvearinefs.
He hath left you all his walks.
And to your heirs for ever ; common pleafures,
To walk abroad and recreate yourfelves. Shakefp.
Neceffity and the example of St. John, who recreated him¬
felf with lporting with a tame partridge, teach us, that it is
lawful to relax our bow, but not fuffer it to be unftrung. Tayl.
Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before
them colours mixt with blue and green, to recreate their eyes,
white wearying and paining the fight more than any. Dryden.
2. To delight; to gratify.
Thefe ripe fruits recreate the noftrils with their aromatick
feent. More's Divine Dialogues.
3. To relieve ; to revive.
Take a walk to refrelh yourfelf with the open air, which
infpired frefti doth exceedingly recreate the lungs, heart and
vital fpirits. Harvey on Conjunctions.
Recrea'tion. n.f [from recreate.]
I. Relief after toil or pain ; amufement in forrow ord’.ftrefs.
The chief recreation fhe could find in her anguilh, \w*s
fometime to vifit that place, where full fhe was fo happy as
to fee the caufe of her unhap. Sidney, b. n.
I’ll vifit
The chapel where they lie, and tears, fticd there, ^
Shall be my recreation. Shakefp. II inter s a.t.
The o-reat men among the antients undentood how to re¬
concile manual labour with affairs of ftate; and thought it no
leffening to their dignity to make the one the recreation to the
, 0 Locke on Education.
0t ' 2. Refrefhment;
R E C R E C
giving
a man
South.
reftrange
2. Refrcfhment ; atnufement; diverfton. _
You may have the recreation of furprizing thole with ad¬
miration, who Hi all hear the deaf perfon pronounce whatfoever thev (hall defire, without your Teeming to guide him.
' Holder s Elements of Speech.
Nor is that man lefs deceived, that thinks to maintain a
conftant tenure of pleafure, by a continual purfuit of fports
' and recreations: for all thefe things, as they refrefh
when weary, fo they weary him when refrefhed.
Re'crEATIVE. adj. [from recreate.] Refrefhing
lief after labour or pain ; amufing ; diverting.
Let the mufick be recreative, and with fome
changes. ' Bacon.
Let not your recreations be lavilh fpenders of your time ;
but chufe fuch as are healthful, recreative and apt to refrefh
you : but at no hand dwell upon them. Taylor.
The accefs thefe trifles gain to the clofets of ladies,
feem to prom.ife-fuch eafy and recreative experiments, which
require but little time or charge. Boyle.
Re'creativenes?. n.J. [from recreative.] The quality of
being recreative.
RE'CREMENT. n. f. [recrcmentum, Lat.] Drofs ; fpume j
iuperfiuous or ufelefs parts.
The vital fire in the heart requires an ambient body of a
yielding nature, to receive the fuperfluous ferofities and other
recrements of the blood. Boyle.
Reck EM i ntal. I adj. [from recrement.] DrofTy.
Recrementi tious. S J
To RECRFMINATE. v. n. [rea iminer, Fr. re and crimT
nor, Latin.] To return one accufation with another.
It is not mv bulinefs to recriminate, hoping fufficiently to
clear myfelf in this matter. Stillingfeet.
How {hall fuch hypocrites reform the date,
On whom the brothels can recriminate ? Drydcn.
To Recri minate, v. a. To accufe in return. Unufual.
Did not Jofeph lie under black infamy ? he fcorned fo much
as to clear himfelf, or to recriminate the drumpet. South.
Recrimina'tion. 7i. f. [recrimination, Fr. from recriminate.]
Return of one accufation with another.
Publick defamation will feem difobliging enough to pro¬
voke a return, which again begets a rejoinder, and fo the
quarrel is carried on with mutual recriminations. Gov. ofTong.
RecriminaTor. n.f [from recriminate.] He that returns
one charge with another.
Recrude scent, adj. [recrudcfcens, Lat.] Growing painful
or violent again.
To RecruFt. v. a. [recruter, Fr.]
j. To repair any thing wafted by new fupplies.
He was longer in recruiting his flefh than was ufual; but
by a milk diet he recovered it. Wifeman’s Surgery.
Increafe thy care to fave the finking kind ;
With greens and flow’rs recruit their empty hives,
And feek frefh forage to fuftain their lives. Dryden.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their colour ;
As flowers by fprinkling revive with frefh odour. Granville.
j This fun is let; but fee in bright array
What hofts of heavenly lights recruit the day !
Love in a fhining galaxy appears
Triumphant ftill. Granville.
Seeing the variety of motion, which we find in the world
is always decreafmg, there is a neceflity of conferving and
recruiting it by adfive principles ; fuch as are the caufe of
gravity, by which planets ar.d comets keep their motions in
their orbs, and bodies acquire great motion in falling. Newt.
2. To fupply an army with new men.
He trufted the earl of Holland with the command of that
army, with which he was to be recruited and affifted. Clar.
To RecruFt. v. n. To raifenew foldiers.
The French have only Switzerland befides their own coun¬
try to recruit in ; and we know the difficulties they meet with
in getting thence a fingle regiment. Addifon.
Recrui't. n. f. [from the verb.]
1. Supply of any thing wafted.
Whatever nature has in worth deny’d.
She gives in large recruits of needful pride.
The endeavour to raife r.ew men for the
army found oppofttion.
2. New foldiers.
The pow’rs of Troy
With frefh recruits their youthful chief fuftain :
Not theirs a raw and unexperienc’d train,
But a firm body of embattel’d men. Drydcn.
RECTA'NGLE. n.f feSlangle, Fr. reCtangulus, Latin.] A
figure which has one angle or more of ninety degrees.
If all Athens fhould decree, that in rcCtangle triangles the
fquare, which is made of the fide that fubtendeth the right
angle, is equal to the fquarcs which are made ot the iidcs
containing the right angle, geometricians would not receive
fatisfadlion without demonftration. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
The mathematician confidets the truth and properties be¬
longing to a retlangle, only as it is in idea in his own mind.
Locke.
IVEton’s Architecture.
With right
Rectangular, adj. [reClangulaire, Fr. reCtus and ctngulus,
Latin.] Right angled ; having angles of ninety degrees.
Bricks moulded in their ordinary rectangular form, if they
fhall be laid one by another in a level row between any fupporters fuftaining the two ends, then all the pieces will ne-
. ceffiuily fink.
Rectangularly, adv. [from rectangular.]
angles. 7
At the equator, the needle will {land reffangulay ly ; but approaching northward toward the tropic, it will tcgaid the
ftone obliquely. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Re'ctifiable. adj. [from rectify.] Capable to be fet right.
The natural heat of the parts being inlufficient for a perfect
and thorough digeftion, the errors of one concofition are not
retlifable by another. _ Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Rectification, n. j. [rectification, Fr. from rectify.]
1. The aft of fetting right what is wrong.
It behoved the deity to renew that revelation from time to
time, and to rectify abufes with fuch authority for the re¬
newal and rectification, as was fufficient evidence of the truth
of what Was revealed. _ Forbes.
2. In chymiftry, rectification is drawing any thing over again
by diftillation, to make it yet higher or finer. Quincy.
At the firft rectification of fome fpirit of fait in a retort, a
. fingle pound afforded no lefs than fix ounces of phlegm. Boyle.
To RECTIFY, v. a. [rectifier, Fr reCtus and fiacio, Lat.]
1. To make right; to reform ; to redrefs.
That wherein unfounder times hfive done amifs, the better
ages enfuing muft rectify as they may. Hooker.
It fhall be bootlefs
That longer you defer the court, as well
For your own quiet, as to rectify
What is unfettled in the king. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Where a long courfe of piety has purged the heart, and
rectified the will, knowledge will break in upon fuch a foul,
like the fun fhining in his full might. South.
The fubftance of this theory I mainly depend on, being
willing to fuppofe that many particularities may be rectified
upon farther thoughts. Burnet.
If thofe men of parts, who have been employed in vitiat¬
ing the atre, had endeavoured to rectify and amend it, they
needed not have facrificed their good fenfe to their fame. Add.
The falfe judgment he made of things are owned ; and the
methods pointed out by which he rectified them. Atterbury.
2. To exalt and improve by repeated diftillation.
The fkin hath been kept white and fmooth for above fif¬
teen years, by being included with rectified fpirit of wine in
a cylindrical glafs. Grcw’s Mufczum.
Rectili'near. ) ad/. [reCtus and linea, Lat.] Confifting of
R.ectili neous. 1 right lines.
There are only three reCiilineous and ordinate figures, which
can ferve to this purpofe ; and inordinate or unlike ones muft
have been not only lefs elegant, but unequal. Ray.
This image was oblong and not oval, but terminated with
two rectilinear and parallel fides and two femicircular ends.
Newton s Opticks.
The rays of light, whether they be very fmall bodies pro¬
jected, or only motion and force propagated, are moved in
right lines ; and whenever a ray of light is by any obftacle
turned out of its rectilinear way, it will never return into the
fame rectilinear way, unlefs perhaps by very great accident.
Newton’s 0i ticks.
Recti'tude. n. fi. [rectitude, Fr. from reCtus, Lat.]
not curvity.
uprightnefs ; freedom from moral curvity or obPope.
recruit of the
Clarendon.
1. Straitnefs ;
2. Rightnefs ;
liquity.
Faith and repentance, together with the rectitude of their
prefent engagement would fully prepare them for a better
];fe> King Charles.
Calm the diforders of thy mind, by refle&ing on the wifdom, equity and abfolute rectitude of all his proceedings. Att.
RE'CTOR. n.f [reCteur, Fr. reCtor, Latin.]
1. Ruler; lord; governour.
God is the lupreme reCtor of the world, and of all thofe
fubordinate parts thereof. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
When a reCtor of an univerfity of fcholars is chofen by the
corporation or univerfity, the election ought to be confirmed
by the fuperior of fuch univerfity. Aylifes Parergon,
2. Parfon of an unimpropriated parifh.
Re'ctorship. n.f. [reClorat, Fr. from reCtor.] The rank or
office of redtor.
Had your bodies
No heart among you ? or had you tongues to cry
Againft the redorjhip of judgment. Shakefp.
Rectory. n.J'. [rcCtoreiie, Fr. from reCtor.]
A rectory or parfonage is a fpiritual living, compofed of
land, tithe and other oblations of the people, leparate or dededicate to God in any congregation for the fervice of his
church there, and for the maintenance of the governor or
miuifter thereof, to whofe charge the fame is committed.
Spelman.
RECUBA TION,
R EC
Recubation. n.f. [recubo, Latin.] The a£l of lying or
leaning.
Whereas our tranflation renders it fitting, it cannot have
that illation, for the French and Italian tranflations exprefs
neither polition of fefficn or recubation. Brown.
Recu'le, for Recoil, [reader, Fr.] Spenfer.
Recu'mbency. n. j. [from recumbent.]
1. The pofture of lying or leaning.
In that memorable (hew of Germanicus, twelve elephants
danced unto the found of mufick, and after laid them down
in tricliniums, or places of feftival recumbency. Browns
2. Reft; repofe.
When the mind has been once habituated to this lazy re¬
cumbency and fatisfadtion on the obvious furface of things, it
is in danger to reft latisfied there. Locke.
RECU'MBENT. adj. [recumbensyFeX.] Lying; leaning.
The Roman recumbent, or more properly accumbent, po¬
fture in eating was introduced after the firft Punick war. Arb.
To Recur, v. n. [recurro, Lat.]
1. To come back to the thought; to revive in the mind.
The idea, I have once had, will be unchangeably the fame,
as long as it recurs the fame in my memory. Locke.
In this life, the thoughts of God and a future ftate often
offer themfelves to us; they often fpring up in our minds,
and when expelled, recur again. Calamy.
A line of the golden verles of the Pythagoreans recurring
on the memory, hath often guarded youth from a temptation
to vice- Watts-.
When any word has been ufed to fignify an idea, that old
idea will recur in the mind when the word is heard. Watts.
2. [Recourir, Fr.] To have recourfe to ; to take refuge in.
If to avoid fucceflion in eternal exiftence, they recur to the
pundtum ftans of the fchools, they will thereby very little
help us to a more pofitive idea of infinite duration. Locke.
The iecond caufe we know, but trouble not ourfelves to
_ recur to the firft. Wake's Preparation for Death.
I o Recu're. v. a. [re and cure.] To recover from ficknefs
or labour.
Through wife handling and fair governance,
I him recured to a better will.
Purged from drugs of foul intemperance. Fairy Queen*
Phoebus pure
In weftern waves his weary wagon did recure. Fa. Queen.
With one look Ihe doth my life difmay.
And with another doth it ftraight recure. Spenfer.
.The wanton boy was Ihortly well recur'cl
Of that his malady. Spenfer.
Thy death’s wound
He who comes thy Saviour fhall recure.
Not by deRroying Satan, but his works
In thee and in thy feed. Milton's Par. Lojl, l. xii.
Recu're. n.f Recovery; remedy.
Whatfoever fell into the enemies hands, was loft without
recure : the old men were {lain, the young men led away into
captivity. Knolles’s Hifiory of the Turks.
Recurrence. 1 r rc _
Recu'. rency. \n'P Lfrom recurrent.] Return.
Although the opinion at prefent be well fupprefled, yet,
from fome firings of tradition and fruitful recurrence of error,
it may revive in the next generation. Brown'sVulg. Errours.
RECURRENT, adj. [recurrent, Fr. recurrent, Lat.] Return¬
ing from time to time.
Next to lingring durable pains, fhort intermittent or fwift
recurrent pains precipitate patients unto confumptions. Harv.
Recursion, n. f. [recurfus, Lat.] Return.
One of the ailiftants told the recurfions of the other pen¬
dulum hanging in the free air. Boyle.
ReCURVA'TION. } r r _ , ,
Recu'rvity. \n'P [recurvo, Lat.] Elexure backwards.
Afcending firft into a cafpulary reception of the bread bone
by a ferpentine recurvation, it afeendeth again into the
neck. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Recu'RVOUs. adj. [recurvus, Lat.] Bent backward.
I have not obferved tails in ail; but in others I have obferved long recurvcus tails, longer than their bodies. Derham.
Recu'sant. n.f. [recufans, Lat.] One that refufes any terms
of communion or fociety.
1 hey demand of the lords, that no rccufant lord might
have a vote in palling that add. Clarendon.
Were all corners ranfacked, what a multitude of rccufants
Ihould we find upon a far differing account from that of
confeienee 1 Decay of Piety.
lo Recuse, v. n. [recufer, Fr. recufoy Lat.] To refufe.
A juridicial word.
-The humility, as well of underftanding as manners of the
fathers, will not let them be troubled, when they are recufed
as judges. 1
A judge may proceed notwithftanding my appeal, unlels I
recuje him as a fTpedted iudo-e Vr/rv p
RED. adj. [from the old Saxon, ped; rhui, VV'Cilh. 27the
town of Hertford, Mr.Camden m Ws Britannia, noteth,
firft was called, by tile Saxons, Ilerudford, the rud ford «r
R E D
the red ford or water; high Dutch, rot; from the Greek
French, rouge; Italian, rubro; from the Latin’
ruber. Peacham.] Of the colour of blood, of one of the
primitive colours, which is fubdivided into many ; as fcarlet
vermilion, crimfon. *
Look I fo pale.
- Ay, and no man in the prefence,
But his colour hath forlook his cheeks. Shakefp.
Bring me the faireft creature northward born,
To prove whofe blood is reddejl. Shakefp. Merch. of Fen.
His eyes (hall be red with wine, and his teeth white with
l lk. Gen. xllx. 12
T1j’ angehek fquadron turn’d fiery red. ' Milton.
If red lead and white paper be placed in the red lisrht of the
coloured fpedrum, made in a dark chamber by the refraction
of a prifm, the paper will appear more lucid than the red
lead, and therefoie reflects the reel making rays more copioufiy than red lead doth. Newton's Opticks.
I he iixth red was at firft of a very fair and lively fcarlet,
and foon after of a brightet colour, being very pure and brilk*
and the beft of all the reds. Newton's Opticks.
Why heavenly truth,
And moderation fair, were the redmarks
_ Of fuperftition’s fcourge. Thomfon's Winter.
To Reda'rgue. v. a. [redargue, Lat.} To refute. Noth*
ufe.
The laft wittily redargues the pretended finding of coin,
graved with the image of Auguftus Oefar, in the American
mines. Hakewill on Providence.
^Ewcr-ERR1 eDyftrcaffia. n.f A plant. It is male and female in
different plants: the male hath flowers confifting of many ftamina or threads, without any petals ; thefe are always fteril:
the female plants, which have no confpicuous power, produce
fpherical berries, in which are included nuts of the fame
„ form> . Miller.
Re dbreast. n.f A ffnall bird, fo named from the colour
of its breaft.
No burial this pretty babe
. Of any man receives.
But robin redbreaft painfully
Did cover him with leaves. Children in the Wood.
The redbreajl, facred to the houfhold gods.
Pays to trufted man his annual vifit. Thomfotfi
Re'dcoat. n.f A name of contempt for a foldier*
The fearful pafienger, who travels late.
Shakes at the moon-fhine fhadow of a rulh.
And fees a redcoat rife from ev’ry bulb. JPndf£l
To Re'dden. v. a. [from red] To make red.
In a heav’n ferene, refulgent arms appear
Red'ning the Ikies, and glitt’ring all around.
The temper’d metals clalh. Dryden's tEnefa
To Re oden. v.n. To grow red.
With Ihame they redden'd, and with fpight grew pale.
...... . Dryden's Juvenal.
i urn upon the ladies in the pit.
And if they redden, you are fure ’tis wit. Addifon,
1 he poor inhabitant beholds in vain
The red'ning orange and the fwelling grain. Addifon.
For me the balm fhall bleed, and amber flow.
The coral redden, and the ruby glow. Pope.
Appius reddens at each word you fpeak.
And fiares, tremendous, with a threat’ning eye.
Like fome fierce tyrant in old tapeftry. Pope.
Re ddish. [from red.] Somewhat red.
A bright fpot, white and fomewhat reddijh. Lev.
Re'odishness. n.f [from reddijh.] Tendency to rednels.
Two parts of copper and one of tin, by fufion brought
into one mafs, the whitenefs of the tin is more confpicuous
than the reddijhnefs of the copper. Boyle.
Reddi'tion. n.f. [from reddo, Lat.] Reftitution.
She is reduced to a peifeel obedience, partly by voluntary
reddition and defire of protection, and partly by. conqueft. 7
... Howel's Fteal Forejlt
Re dditive. ridj» [redditivus5 Lcit.J Anfvvenng to mi interrogative. A term of grammar.
Re dole. n.f A fort of mineral.
Reddle is an earth of the metal kind, of a tolerably clofe
and even texture : its furface is fmooth and fomewhat glofly,
and it is foft and undluous to the touch, ftaining the fingers
very much : it is remarkably heavy, and its colour of a fine
florid, though not very deep red : our American colonies
abound with it ; and in England we have the fineft in die
world : it has been ufed as an aftringent. Hill's Mat. Med.
Rede. n. f. [paeb, Saxon.] Counfel; advice. Not ufed.
Do not as fome ungracious pallors do.
Shew me the fteep and thorny way to heav’n;
Whilft he a puft and recklefs libertine,
Himfelf the primrofepath of dalliance treads,
And recks not his own rede. Shakefp. Hamht.
To Rede. v. a. [paeban, Saxon.] To advife.
I rede thee hence to remove.
Left thou the price of my difplealure prove. Spenfer.
To REDEEM.
RED RED
To REDEE'M. v. a. [redimo, Lat.]
To ranfom; to relieve from any thing by paying a price.
The kinfman laid, I cannot redeem it tor myfelf, left I
mar mine inheritance. Ruth iv. 6.
2. To rei'cue ; to recover.
If when I am laid into the tomb,
I wake before the time that Romeo
Comes to redeem me, there’s a fearful point. Shakefb.
Thy father
Levied an army, weening to redeem
And re-inftal me in the diadem. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Th’ almighty from the grave
Hath me redeem’d; he will the humble fave. Sanelys.
Redeem Il'rael, O God, out of all his troubles. Pfxxv.
Redeem from this reproach my wand’ring ghoft. Dryden.
2. To recompenfe ; to compenfate ; to make amends for.
Waywardly proud ; and therefore bold, becaufe extremely
faulty ; and yet having no good thing to redeem thefe. Sidney.
This feather ftirs, fhe lives ; if it be fo.
It is a chance which does redeem all forrows
That ever I have felt. Shakefp. King Lear.
Having committed a fault, he became the more obfequious
and pliant to redeem it. Wotton.
Think it not hard, if at fo cheap a rate
You can fecure the conftancy of fate,
Whole kindnefs fent what does your malice feem
By lefler ills the greater to redeem. Dryden.
4. To pay an atonement.
Thou haft one daughter.
Who redeems nature from the general curfe,
Which twain have brought her to. Shakefp.
5. To fave the world from the curfe of fin.
Which of you will be mortal to redeem
Man’s mortal crime. Milton.
Redeemable, n. f. [from redeem.] Capable of redemption.
Redee'mableness. n.f. [from redeemable.] The ftate of
being redeemable.
Redeemer, n.f. [from redeem.]
j. One who ranloms or redeems.
She inflamed him fo.
That he would algates with Pyrocles fight.
And his redeemer challeng’d for his foe,
Becaufe he had not well maintain’d his right. Fa. ^iieen.
2. The Saviour of the world.
I every day exped an embaflage
From my redeemer to redeem me hence ;
And now in peace my foul fhall part to heav’n. Shakefp.
Man’s friend, his mediator, his defign’d
Both ranfom and redeemer voluntary. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
When faw we thee any way diftrefted, and relieved thee ?
will be the queftion of thofe, to whom heaven itfelf will be
at the laft day awarded, as having miniftred to their re¬
deemer. Boyle.
To Redeli'ver. v. a. [re and deliver.] To deliver back.
I have remembrances of yours,
That I have longed long to redeliver. Shakefp.
Inftruments judicially exhibited, are not of the ads of
courts 3 and therefore may be redelivered on the demand of
the perfon that exhibited them. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Redeli'very. n.f. [from redeliver.] The ad of delivering
back.
To Redema'nd. v. a. [redemandcr, Fr. re and demand.] To
demand back. ,
Threefcore attacked the place where they were kept in
cuftody, and refeued them : the duke redemands his priloners,
but receiving only excufes, he refolved to do himfelf juftice.
Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
Redemption, n.f. [redemption, Fr. redemption Lat.J
1. Ranfome 3 releafe.
Utter darknefs his place
Ordain’d without redemption, without end. Milton.
2. Purchafe of God’s favour by the death of Chrift.
I charge you, as you hope to have redemption,
That you depart, and lay no hands on me. Shakefp.
The Saviour fon be glorify’d.
Who for loft man’s redemption dy’d. Dryden.
Rede'mptory. adj. [fxomredemptus, Lat.] Paid for ranfome.
Omega fings the exequies,
And Hector’s redemptory price. Chapman's Iliads.
Ri/dhot. adj. [red and hot.] Heated to rednels.
Iron redhot burneth and confumeth not. Bacon.
Is not fire a body heated fo hot as to emit light copioufly ?
for what clfe is a redhot iron than fire ? and what elfe is a
burning coal than redhot wood ? Newton’s Opticks.
The redhot metal hifles in the lake. Pope.
REDINTEGRATE, adj. [redintegratus, Latin.] Reftored 3
renewed 5 made new.
Charles VIII. received the kingdom of France in flounlhing eftate, being redintegrate in thole ptincipal members,
which anciently had been portions of the crown, and were
after diflevered : to as they remained only in homage, and
not in fovereignty. Bacon's Henry VII.
Redintegration, n.f. [from redintegrate.]
1. Renovation; reftoration.
They kept the feaft indeed, but with the levcn of malice*
and abfurdly commemorated the redintegration of his natural
body, by mutilating and dividing his myftical. Dec. of Piety.
2. Redintegration chymifts call the reftoring any mixed body or
matter, whofe form has been deftroyed, to its former nature
and conftitution. Quincy.
He but preferibes as a bare chymical purification of nitre,
what I teach as a philofophical redintegration of it. Boyle.
Re'dlead. n.f. [red and lead.] Minium. See Minium.
To draw with dry colours, make long paftils, by grinding
redlead with ftrong wort, and fo roll them up into long rolls
like pencils, drying them in the lun. Peacharn.
Re'dness. n.f. [from red.] The quality of being red.
There was a pretty rednefs in his lips. Shakefp.
In the red fea, moft apprehend a material rednefs, from
whence they derive its common denomination. Brown.
The glowing rednefs of the berries vies with the verdure of
their leaves. Spectator, N 477.
Re'dolency. \n'f' redolent.] Sweet feent.
We have all the redolence of the perfumes we burn upon
his altars. Boyle.
Their flowers attrad fpiders with their redolency. Mortim.
REDOLENT. adj. [redolens, Lat.] Sweet of feent.
Thy love excels the joys of wine 3
Thy odours, O how redolent ! ^ Sandys’s Paraphrafe.
To Redou'ble. v. a. [redoubler, Fr. re and double.]
1. To repeat often.
So ended fhe 3 and all the reft around
To her redoubled that her underfong. Spenfer*
They were
As cannons overcharged with double cracks.
So they redoubled ftrokes upon the foe. Shakefp. Macbeth.
2. To encreafe by addition of the fame quantity over and over.
Mimas and Parnafits fweat.
And /Etna rages with redoubled heat. Addifon.
ToRedou ble. v. n. To become twice as much.
If we confider, that our whole eternity is to take its co¬
lour from thofe hours which we here employ in virtue or vice,
the argument redoubles upon us, for putting in practice this
method of palling away our time. Addifon s Spectator.
Redou'bt. n.f. [reduit, redoute, Fr. ridotta, Italian.] The
outwork of a fortification ; a fortrefs.
Every great fhip is as an impregnable fort, and our many
fafe and commodious ports are as redoubts to fecure them.
Bacon.
Redoubtable, adj. [redoubtable,Yt.] Formidable; terrible
to foes.
The enterpriiing Mr. Lintot, the redoubtable rival of Mr.
Tonfon, overtook me. Pope.
Redoubted, adj. [redoubte, Fr.] Dread 3 awful 3 formi¬
dable.
His kingdom’s feat Cleopolis is red.
There to obtain fome fuch redoubted knight.
That parents dear from tyrant’s power deliver might. F. Af
So far be mine, my moft redoubted lord.
As my true fervice fhall deferve your love.
To Redound, v. n. [redundo, Latin.]
1. To be fent back by readion.
The evil, foon
Driv’n back, redounded, as a flood, on thofe
From whom it fprung. Milton's Paradife Lofl, b. vii.
Nor hope to be myfelf lefs miferable
By what I feek, but others to make fuch
As I, though thereby worfe to me redound. Alilton.
2. To conduce in the co»fequence.
As the care of our national commerce redounds more to
the riches and profperity of the publick, than any other ad
of government, the ftate of it fhould be marked out in everv
particular reign with greater diftindion. Addifon.
He had drawn many obfervations together, which very
much redound to the honour of this prince. Addijon.
3. To fall in the confequence.
As both thefe monfters will devour great quantities of paper,
there will no fmall ufe redound from them to that manufadure. Addijon's Guardian, N° 114.
The honour done to our religion ultimately redounds to
God the author of it. RogWs's Sermons
To REDRE'SS. v. a. [redreffer, Fr.]
1, To fet right; to amend.
In yonder fpring of rofes,
Find what to redrefs till noon.
2. To relieve 3 to remedy ; to eafe. It
perfons, but more properly of things.
She felt with me, what Kelt of my captivity, and (freight
laboured to r.dr„fi my pain, which was her nain. Sidney.
I is th.ee, O king ! th’ aSMo) to rednfi. Drydk.
In countries.of freedom, princes are bound to proted their
fubjects in liberty, property and religion, to receive their pe¬
titions, and redrefs their grievances. Swift.
21 Redre'ss.
Shakefp<
is fometimes
Milton,
ufed of
RED
Redre'ss. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Reformation ; amendment.
To feek reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for
us the more neceffaryis a fpeedy redrefs of ourfelvcs. Hooker*
2. Relief; remedy.
No humble fuitOfs prefs to fpeak for right.5
No, not a man comes for'redrefs to thee. Shakefp.
Such people, as break the law of nations, all nations are
interefted to fupprefs, •conhdering that the particular ftates,
being the delinquents, can give Wbedrefs. Macon,
Grief, finding no redrefs ferment apd rage.
Nor lefs than wounds immedicable.
Rankle, and fefter, and gangrene
To black mortificatiop. Mifttfn.
3. One who gives relief.
Fair majefty, the refuge and redrefs
Of thofe whom fate purfues, and wants opprefs. Dxyden.
Redre'ssive. adj. [from redrefs.] Succouring ; affording re¬
medy. A word not authorifed.
The generous band,
Who,' touch’d with human woe, redrejfive fearch’d
Into the horrors of th? gloomy jail. Thcmfon.
To Redsea'r. v- n. [red and fear.] A term of workmen.
If iron be too cold, it will not feel the weight of the ham¬
mer, when it will no,t batter under the hammer; and ifit be
too hot, it wifi redfear, that is, break or crack under the
hammer. Maxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
Re'dshank. n.f [red andJhank.]
This feems to b.£ a contemptuous appellation for fome of the
people of Scotland.
He fent over his brother Edward with a power of Scots
and redJJoanks unto Ireland, where they got footing. Spenfer.
5. A bird. Ainjworth.
'Re dstreak. n.f [redo.ndfreak.]
1. An apple.
The redjlreakyof all cyder fruit, hath obtained the prefe¬
rence, being but a kind of wilding, and though kept long,
yet i^ never pleafing to the palate; there are feveral forts of
redjlreak : fome forts of them have red veins running through
the whole fruit, which is deemed to give the cyder the
richeft tindure. Mortimer.
2. Cyder prefled, from the redftreak.
Redjlreak he quaffs beneath,the Chiahti vine.
Gives Tufcan yearly for thy Scudmore’s wine. Smith.
To REDU'CE. v. a. [reduco, Lat. reduire, Fr.]
1. To bring back. Obfolete.
Abate the edge of traitors, gracious lord !
That would reduce thefe bloody days again. Shakefp.
2. To bring to the former Rate*
It were butjuft
And equal to reduce me to my duff.
Defirous to reflgn and render back
All Milton. I receiv’d.
3. To reform from anydiforder.
That temper in the archbifhop, Who licenfed their mod
pernicious writings, left his fucceffor a very difficult work to
do, to reform and reduce a church into order, that had been
fo long negleded, and fo ill filled. Clarendon.
4. To bring into any ftate of diminution.
A diaphanous body, reduced to very minute parts, thereby
acquires many little furfaces in a narrow compafs. Boyle.
His ire will quite confume us, and reduce
To nothing this effential. Milton.
The ordinary fmalleft meafure is looked on as an unit in
number, when the mind by divifion would reduce them into
lefs fraaions. Locke.
5. To degrade ; to impair in dignity.
There is nothing fo bad, but a man may lay hold of
fomething about it, that will afford matter of excufe; nor
nothing fo excellent, but a man may fallen upon fomething
belonging to it, whereby to reduce it. Tillotfon.
6. To bring into any ftate of mifery or meannefs.
The moft prudent part was his moderation and indulgence,
not reducing them to delperation. Arbuthnot on Coins,
7. To fubdue.
Under thee, as head fupreme,
Thrones, princedoms, pow’rs, dominions I reduce. Milton.
8. To bring into any ftate more within reach or power.
To have this projed reduced to practice, there feems to
want nothing.
9. To reclaim to order.
There left defert utmoft hell.
Reduc'd in careful watch round their metropolis. Milton.
10. Jo fubjed to a rule ; to bring into a clafs.
edu cement, n.f. [from reduce.] The ad of bringing
back fubdumg, reforming or diminifhing.
c navy received blcffing from pope Sixtus, and was afr,gned as an apoftoheal million for the reducemM of this
kingdom to the obedience of Rome. Bacon
Redu CER. n.f [from reduce ] one that rcduces.
They could not learn to digefi, that the man, which they
fo long had ufed to mafk their owt. appetites, iliould now be
the reducer of them into order. Sidney, b ii.
REE
Reducible, adj. [from reduce.] Poffible to be reduced,
All law that a man is obliged by, is reducible to the law of
nature, the pofitive law of God in his word, and the law of
man enaded by the civil power. South
Adions, that promote lociety and mutual fellowfhip, leem
reducible to a pronenefs to do good to others, and a ready
fenfe of any good done by others. South.
All the parts of painting arc reducible into thefe mentioned
by our author. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
If minerals are not convertible into another fpecies, though
of the fame genus, much lefs can they be furmifed reducible
into a fpecies of another genus. Harvey on Confutations.
Our damps in England are reducible to the fuftocating or
the fulminating. __ Woodward.
Redu'cibi.eness. n.f. [from reducible.] Quality of beinoreducible. a
Spirit of wine, by its pungent tafte, and efpecially by its
reduciblenefsy according to Helmant, into alcali and water,
feems to be as well of a faline as a fulphureous nature. Boyle4
Reduction, n.f. [reduflion, Fr. from redubus y Lat.]
1. The ad of reducing.
Some will have thefe years to be but months; but we have
•no certain evidence that they ufed to account a month a year j
and if we had, yet that rediibion will not ferve-. 'Hale.
2. In arithmetick, reduction brings two or more numbers of
different denominations into, one denomination. (jocker.
Redu'ctive. adj. [redufiif Fr. reductusy Latin.] Having
the power of reducing.
Thus far concerning thefe rechbives by inundations and
conflagrations. Hale s Origin of Mankind'.
Redu'ctively. adv. [from reductive.] By reduction; by
confequence.
If they be our fuperiors, then ’tis modefty and reverence to
all fuch in general, at leaft reduciively. Hammond'.
Other niceties, though, they are not matter of confcience,
fingly and apart, are yet fo redufiively ; that is, though they
are not fo in the abftrad, they become fo by affinity and
connedion. _ L'Ejlrange s Fables.
Redundance. 1 n.f. [redundantly Lat. from redundant.] SuRedu'ndancy. J perfluity; fuperabundance.
The caufe of generation feemeth to be fulnefs; for gene¬
ration is from redundancy: this fulnefs, arifeth from the na¬
ture of the creature, if it be hot, and moift and fanguine j
or from plenty of food. "Bacon.
It is a quality, that confines a man wholly within himfelf, leaving him void of that- principle, which alone fhould
difpofe him to communicate and impart thofe redundancies of
good, that he is pofleffed ofi South.
I fliall fhow our poets redundance of wit; juftnefs of comparifons, and elegance of deferiptions-. Garth.
Labour ferments the humours, cafts them into their proper
channels, and throws off redundancies* Addifon.
REDU'NDANT. adj. [redundansy Latin.]
1. Superabundant; exuberant; fuperfluous.
His head,
With burnifh’d neck of verdant gold, ered
Amidfihis circling fpires, that on the grafs
Floated redundant. Milton's Par. Lof, b. ixNotwithftanding the redundant oil in fifhes, they do not
encreafe fat fo much as flefh. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Uiing more words or images than areufeful.
Where the author is redundant, mark thofe paragraphs to be
retrenched ; when he trifles, abandon thofe paffages. IVattsc
Redundantly, adv. [from redundant.] Superfluoufly; fuperabundantly.
To Reduplicate, v. a. [re and duplicate.] To double.
Reduplication, n.f. [from reduplicate.] The ad of doubling.
This is evident, when the mark of exclufion is put; as
when we fpeak of a white thing, adding the reduplicationf
as white ; which excludes all other confiderations. Digby.
Reduplicative, adj. [reduplicatify Fr. from reduplicate.]
Double.
Some logicians mention reduplicative propofitions ; as men,
confidered as men, are rational creatures; i, e. becaufe they
are men. Watts's Logick.
Redwing, n.f, A bird* Aitifworth.
To Rees v. a. [I* know notthe etymology.] To riddle ; to fifl*
After malt is well rubbed and winnowed, you mud then
reek over in a fieve. ' Mortimer's Hufbandry.,
To Ree choi v. n. [re and echo.] To echo back.
Around we ftand, a melancholy train.
And a loud groan reechoes from the main. Pope,
Ree'chy. adj. [from reech, corruptly ’ farmed from reek.]
Smoky ; footy ; tanned.
Let him, for a pair of reechy kiffes,
Make you to ravel all this matter out. Shakefp. Hamlet,
The kitchen malkin pins
Her richcft lockram ’bout her reechy neck, Shakefp.
REED, n.f [jieob, Saxon; riedy German; arundcy Lat.]
1. An hollow knotted ftalk, which grows in wet grounds.
A reed is diftinguithed from the graffes by its magnitude,
and by its having a firm ftem : the fpccics are, the large ma¬
nured
REE
nufed cane or rcecl, the fugar cane, the common reed, the
variegated reed, the Bambu cane, and dark red reed. Miller.
This Dcrceta, the mother of Semiramis, was fometimes
a rcclufe, and falling in love with a goodly young man, (he
was by him with child, which, tor fear of extreme punifhment, the conveyed away and caufed the fame to be hidden
among the high reeds which grew on the banks of the lake.
Raleigh’s Hijhry of the World.
The knotty bulrufh next ill order flood.
And all within of reeds a trembling wood. Dryden.
Her lover Cimon lay concealed in the reeds. Broome.
2. A final 1 pipe.
I’ll fpeak between the change of man and boy
With a reed voice. Shakefp.
Arcadian pipe, the paftora.I reed
Of Hermes. * Mlton.
3. An arrow.
When the Parthian turn’d his ftecd.
And from the hoftile camp withdrew ;
With cruel (kill the backward reed ’
He fent; and as he fled, he flew. Prior.
Ref/ded. adj. [from reed.J Covered with reedsi
Where houfes be reeded,
Now pare off the mofs, and go beat in the redd. fii/Ter.
Ree'ben. adj.' [from reed.] Confining of reeds.
Honey in the fickly hive infufe
Through reeden pipes, Drydetis Virgil’s Georgicks.
To Ree'dify. v. a. [reedfier, Fr. re and edify.] To rebuild ;
to build agaim
The ruin’d' walls he did reedify. Fa. Queen.
This monument hve hundred years hath flood.
Which I have lumptuoufly reedified. Shakefp.
The Bohans, who repeopled, reedfied Ilium. Sandys.
The houfe of God they firfl reedify. Milton.
Ree'dless. adj. [from reed.] Being without reeds.
Youths tomb’d before their parents were.
Whom foul Gocytus’ reedlefs banks enclofe. May.
Ree'dy. adj. [from reed.] Abounding with reeds;
The fportive flood in two divides.
And forms with erring ftheams thtreedy ifles; Blackmon1
Around th’ adjoining brook.
Now fretting o’er a rock,
Now fcarcely moving through a reedy pool. Thomfon.
REEK. n.f [pec, Saxon : rettke, Dutch.]
I. Smoke; fleam; vapour.
’Tis as hateful to me as the reek of a lime kilm Shakefp.
2i [Reke, German, any thing piled up.] A pile of com or hay.
Nor barns at home, nor reeks are rear’d abroad. Dryden.
The Covered reek, much in Ufe weftWard, muft needs
prove of great advantage in wet harvefts. Mortimer.
To Reek. v. n. [pecan, Saxon.]
1. To fmoke ; to fleam ; to emit vapour.
They redoubled ftrokes upon the fod,
Except they meant to bathe in reeking wounds;
Or memorife another Golgotha. Shakefp. Macbeth.
To the battle came he; where he did
Run reeking o’ef the lives of men, as if
’Twere a perpetual fporl. Shakefp. Coriolahus.
You remember
How under rriy opprefficn I did re'ek^
When I firfl mov’d you. Shakefp.
Dying like men, though buried in your dunghills.
They fhall be fam’d ; for there the fun fhall greet them,
And draw their honours reeking up to heav’n.° Shakefp.
I found me laid
In balmy fweat; which with his beams the fun
Soon dry’d, and ort the reeking moifturefed. Milton.
Love one defeended from a race of tyrants,
Whofe blood yet reeks on my avenging fwotd. Smith.
Reeky, adj. [from reek.] Smoky; tanned ; black.
Shut me in a charnel houfe,
O’ercover’d quite with dead men’s rattling bones.
With reeky fhanks and yellow chaplefs fkulls. Shakefp.
Reel. n. f. [peol, Saxon.] A turning frame, upon which
yarn is wound into fkeins from the fpindle.
To Reel. v. a. [from the noun.] To gather yarn off the'
fpindle.
It may be ufeful for the reeling of yarn. Wilkins.
To Reel. v.n. [rollen, Dutch; ragla, Swedifh.] To flagger;
to incline in walking, firft to one fide and then to the other.
Him when his miftrefs proud perceiv’d to fall.
While yet his feeble feet for faintnefs reel’d,
She ’gan call, help Orgoglio ! .' Fairy Queen, b. i.
What news in this our tott’ring ftate ?
—-It is a reeling world,
And I believe will never Hand upright,
Till Richard wear the garland. Shakefp. Rich. III.
It is amifs to fit
And keep the turn of tipling with a flave.
To reel the ftreets at noon. Shakejp. Ant. andCleopatra.
They reel to and fro, and flagger like a drunken man. Pf
Grope in the dark, arid to no feat confine
Their wandring feet; but reel as drunk with wine. Sandys.
REE
He with heavy fumes oppreft,
Reel’d from the palace, and retir’d to reft. Pope.
Should he hide his face,
Th’ extinguifil’d ftars Would loofenirig reel
Wide from their fphercs. Thomforii
Reflection. n.f. [re and election.] Repeated eledlion.
Several adls have been made, and rendered inefledtual, by
leaving the power of rteleCiioti open. Swift.
To Reena'ct. v. a. [re and enaCi.] To enafl anew.
"I he conftrudlion of fliips was forbidden to fenators, by a
law made by Claudius the tribune, and /eenaCied by the Julian
law of conceflions. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To Reenfo'rce. nr. a. [ire and enforce.] To (Lengthen with
new aflifiance.
The French have reenforc’d their fcatter’d men. Shakefp.
They ufed the ftones to teenforce the pier. Hayward.
The prefence of a friend raifes fancy, and reenforces
beafon. • Collier.
Re enforcement, n.f. [re and enforcement.] Frefh affiftance.
Alone he enter’d
The mortal gate o’ th’ city, which he painted
With fhurilefs deftiny; aidlefs came off.
And with a fuddert reenforcement ftruck
Corioli like a planet. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
They require a fpecial re'enforcetnent of found endodlrinating to fet them right-. Milton.
What reinforcement' we may gain from hope. Milton.
The words are a reiteration or reenforcement of a corolIaT* , . Ward.
1 o Reenjo y. v. a. [re arid enjoy,] To enjoy anew or a fecond time.
The calmnefs of temper Achilles reerijoyed, Is only an effea of the revenge which ought to have preceded. Pope;
To Ree nter. v. a. [re and enter.] To enter a^ain; to en¬
ter anew. "
With opportune excurfion, we may chance
Reenter Heav’n. Milton.
*Fhe fiery fulphurous vapours feek the centre from whence
<t> Procee<^ ’ that is, reenter again. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
To Reenthro'ne. v. a. To replace in a throrie.
He difpofes in my hands the fcheme
To reenthrone the king. Southerns
Ree ntrance. n.f, £re and entrance.] The a£l of entrinv
again. s
Their repehtance; although not their firft entrance; is notwithftanding the firft ftep of their reentrance into life. Hooker.
The pores of the brain, through the which the fpirits be¬
fore took their courfe, are rllore eafily opened to the fpirits
which demand reentrance. Glanvill’s Scepf
Ree rmouse; «./ rhpejiemhr, Saxon.] A bat.
To REESTABLISH; vi a. [re and ejlablijh.] To eftabliflj
anew.
To reefiablijh the right of lineal fucceflion to paternal go¬
vernment, is to put a man in pofleflion of that government,
which his fathers did enjoy. Locke-.
Peace, which hath for many years been banifhed the chriftian world; will be fpeedily reefiablijhed. Smalridge.
Re esta blisher. n.f. [from reejlablijh.] One that reeftablifhes.
ReestA blishmenT; h.f. [from reejlablifh.] The aa af reeftablifhing ; the ftate of being reeftablifhed; reftauratiom
The Jews made fuch a powerful effort for their rejlablijhmettt under Barchocab, in the reign of Adrian, as fhook the
whole Roman empire. Addifon.
Reeve, n.f. [jepepa, Saxon.] A fteward. Obfolete.
The reeve, miller and cook are diftinguifhed. Dryden.
To Reexa'minE. v. a. [re and examine.] To examine anew.
Spend the time in reexamining more duly your caufe. Hook.
To REFECT, v. a. [refedus, Lat.] To refrefh j to reftore
aftet hunger or fatigue. Not in ufe.
A man in the morning is lighter in the fcalC; becaufe in
fleep fome pounds have perfpired ; and is alfo lighter unto
himfelf, becaufe he is refedied, Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Refe'ction; n.f. [refeAion, Fr. from refeCiio, Lat.] Refrelhment after hunger or fatigue.
After a draught of wine, a man may feem lighter in him¬
felf from fudden refection, though he be heavier in the ba¬
lance, from a ponderous addition. Brown.
Falling is the diet of angels, the food and refection of fouls
and the richeft aliment of grace. South
For fweet refection due.
The genial viands let my train renew. p^
Refe'ctory. n. f [refitldre, Fr. from refit!. 1 R00!nZ}
refrefhment; eating room. J J or
He cells and refectories did prepare.
And large provifions laid of winter hrP r> j
To Wl. .. ,[refell0 La,.] t0 tcpJ^
Iriends not to refel ye, **
Or any way quell ye, *
Ye aim at a myfiery,
Worthy a hiflory. johny5 Gypfies,
b It
REF REF
It inftru&s the fcholar in the various methods of difcovering
and refilling the fubtil tricks of fophifters. IVatls.
To REFE/R. u. 'a. [refero, Lat. refever, hr.]
1. To difmifs for information or judgment.
Thofe caufes the divine hiftorian refers us to, and not to
any productions out of nothing. Burnet's Theory oj the Barth.
2. To betake for decifion.
The heir of his kingdom hath referred herfelf unto a poor,
hut worthy gentleman. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
3. To reduce to, as to the ultimate end.
You profefs and praftife to refer all things to yourfelf. Bac.
4. To reduce, as to a clafs.
The falts, predominant in quick lime, we refer rather to
lixiviate, than acid. Boyle on Colou/s.
To Refer, v. n. To refpedl; to have relation.
Of thofe places, that refer to the {hutting and opening the
abyfs, 1 take notice of that in Job. Burnet.
Referee''. n.f. [from refer.] One to whom any thing is
referred^
Referees and arbitrators feldom forget themfelves. L’EJlr.
Reference, n. f. [from refer.]
1. Relation; refpedf ; view towards ; allufion to.
The knowledge of that which man is in reference unto himfelf and other things in relation unto man, I may term the
mother of all thole principles, which are decrees in that law
of nature, whereby human actions are framed. Hooker.
Jupiter was the foil of riEther and Dies; fo called, becaufe
the one had reference to his celeftial conditions, the other difcovered his natural virtues. Raleigh's Hijlory of the IVorld.
Chriflian religion commands fobriety, temperance and mo¬
deration, in reference to our appetites and pafiions. TillotJ'on.
2. Difmiffion to another tribunal.
It palled in England without the leaft reference hither. Sw.
Referendary, n.f [referendus^Eix.] One to whofe deci¬
fion any thing is referred.
In fuits, it is good to refer to fome friend of trull; but let
him chufe well his referendaries. Bacon's Ejfays.
To RefermeNt, v. a. [re and ferment.] To ferment anew.
Th’ admitted nitre agitates the flood.
Revives its fire, and referments the blood. Blackmore.
RefeNrible. adj. [from refer.'] Capable of being confidered,
as in relation to fomething elfe.
Unto God all parts of time are alike, unto whom none are
referrible, and all things prefent, unto whom nothing is pall
or to come, but who is the fame yefterday, to-day and to¬
morrow. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To REFI'NE. v. a. [rajfiner, Fr.]
1. To purify ; to clear from drofs and recrement.
I will refine them as filver is refined, and will try them as
gold is tried. Tech, xiii. 9.
Weigh ev’ry word, and ev’ry thought refine. Anon.
The red Dutch currant yields a rich juice, to be diluted
with a quantity of water boiled with refined fugar. Mortimer.
2. To make elegant; to polilh ; to make accurate.
Queen Elizabeth’s time was a golden age for a world of re¬
fined wits, who honoured poely with their pens. Peacham.
Love refines the thoughts, and hath his feat
In reafon. Milton.
The fame traditional lloth, which renders the bodies of
children, born from wealthy parents, weak, may perhaps
refine their fpirits. Swift.
To Refi'ne. v. n.
1. To improve in point of accuracy or delicacy.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended Rories. Dryden.
Let a lord but own the happy lines;
How the wit brightens, how the lenfe refines ! Pope.
2. To grow pure.
The pure limpid flream, when foul with Rains,
Works itfelf clear, and as it runs refines. Addifon.
3. To aftedl nicety.
He makes another paragraph about our refining in controveriy, and coming nearer Rill to the church of Rome. Atterbury.
Refi'nedly. adv. [from refine.'] With affedled elegance.
Will any dog
Refinedly leave his bitches and his bones.
To turn a wheel ? Dryden.
Refinement, n.f. [from refine.]
1. The a£t (A purifying, by clearing any thing from drofs and
recrementitious matter.
The more bodies are of kin to .pint in fubtilty and refine¬
ment, the more diffufive are they. Norris.
2. Improvement .in elegance or purity;
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the cor¬
ruptions in our language have not equalled its refinements. Sw.
3. Artificial practiced °
I he rules religion preferibes are more fuceefsful in publick
and private affaire,than the refinements ofirregular cunning.-#^.
4. Affectation of elegant improvement.
T he flirts about town had a defign to leave us in the lurch,
by fome of their late refinements. Addifons Guardian.
Refiner, n.f [from refine.]
1. Purifier ; one who clears from drofs or recrement.
The refiners of iron obferve, that that iron Rone is hardeft
1
to melt, which is fulleft of metal; and that cafieft, which
hath mofi drofs. Bacon s Phyjtcal Remains.
2. Improver in elegance.
As they have been the great refiners of our language, fo it
hath been my chief ambition to imitate them. Swift.
3. Inventor of fuperfluous fubtilties.
No men fee lefs of the truth of things, than thefe great
refiners upon incidents, who are fo wonderfully fubtle, and
over wife in their conceptions. Addifon's Spectator, N0 170.
Some refiners pretend to argue tor the ulefulncfs of parties
in fuch a government as ours. Swift.
To Refi't. v. a. [refait, Fr, re and fit.] To repair ; to reftore after damage.
He will not allow that there are any fuch figns of art in the
make of the prefent globe, or that there was fo ^reat care
taken in the refitting of it up again at the deluge. IVoodw.
Permit our {hips a {belter on your fhoars,
Refitted from your woods with planks and oars. Dryden.
To REFLECFT. v. a. [refiechir, Fr. reflects, Lat.j To
throw back.
We, his gather’d beams
Reflected, may with matter fere foment. Milton.
Bodies clofe together reflect their own colour. Dryden.
To Refle'ct. v. n.
1. To throw back light.
In dead men’s fculls, and in thofe holes.
Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept,
As ’twere in fcorn of eyes, reflecting gems. Shakefp.
2. To bend back.
Inanimate matter moves always in a ffraight line, and never
reflects in an angle, nor bends in a circle, which is a conti¬
nual refle&ion, unlefs either by fome external impulfe, or by
an intrinfi.ck principle of gravity. Bentley's Sermons.
3. To throw back the thoughts upon the paft or on themfelves.
The imagination caffs thoughts in our way, and forces the
underftanding to reflect upon them. Duppa.
In every aCtion reflect upon the end ; and in your under¬
taking it, confider why you do it. Taylor.
Who faith, who could fuch ill events expedl ?
With fhame on his own counfels doth reflect. Denham.
When men are grown up, and reflect on the[r own minds,
they cannot find • any thing more ancient there, than thofe
opinions which were taught them before their memory began
to keep a regifter of their actions. Locke.
It is hard, that any part of my land fliould be fettled upon
one who has ufed me to ill; and yet I could not fee a fprig
of any bough of this whole walk of trees, but I fhould re~
fieA upon her and her fe verity. Addifon s Spectator.
Let the king difmifs his.woes.
Reflecting on her fair renown ;
And take the cyprefs from his brows,
To put his wonted laurels on. Prior.
4. To confider attentively.
. Into myfelf my reafon’s eye I turn’d ;
And as I much reflected, much I mourn’d. Prior.
5. To throw reproach or cenfure.
Neither do I reflect in the leaft upon the memory of his
late majefty, whom I entirely acquit of any imputation. Sw.
6. To bring reproach.
Errors of wives reflect on hufbands ftrll. Dryden.
Refle'ctent. adj. [refleCtens, Lat.] Bending back ; flying
back.
The ray defeendent, and the ray refleCtent, flying with fo
great a fpeed, that the air between them cannot take a formal
play any way, before the beams of the light be on both fides
of it; it follows, that, according to the nature of humid
things, it muff; firft only fwell. Tdigby on the Soul.
Refle'ction. n.f. [from reflect: thence I think reflexion lefs
proper: reflexion, Fr. refexus, Lat.]
1. The adt of throwing back.
The eye fees not itfelf.
But by reflection from other things. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
If the fun’s light confided but of one fort of rays, there
would be but one colour, and it would be impoflible to pro¬
duce anv new by reflections or refractions. Cheyne.
2. The adt of bending back.
Inanimate matter moves always in a ftraight line, nor ever
reflects in an angle or circle, which is a continual reflection,
unlefs by fome external impulfe. Bentley's Sermons.
3. That which is reflected.
She {hines not upon fools, left the reflection flrpuld hurt
jlcr> - Shakefp. Cymbeline.
As the fun in water we can bear,
Yet not the fun, but his reflection there ;
So let us view her here, in what fhe was.
And take her image in this watry glafs. Dryden.
4. Thought thrown back upon the paft.
The three firft parts 1 dedicate to my old friends, to take
off thofe melancholy reflections, which the fenfo of age, in¬
firmity and death may give them Denham.
.This dreadful linage lo pollcis u her mind,
She ceas’d all farther hope ; and now began
To make reflection on th’ unhappy man. Dryden.
' Job’s
REF REF
Job’s reflections on his once flourilhing eftate, did at the
fame time affliCt and encourage him. Atterhury.
What wounding reproaches of foul muft he feel, from the
refections on his own ingratitude. Rogers's Sermons.
5. The a&ion of the mind upon itfelf.
Reflection is the perception of the operations of our own
minds within us, as it is employed about the ideas it has
Locke.
6. Attentive confederation.
This delight grows and improves under thought and re¬
flection ; and while it cxercifes, does alfo endear itfelf to the
mind ; at the fame time employing and inflaming the medi¬
tations. South's Sermons,
y, Cenfure.
He dy’d ; and oh ! may no reflection filed
Its pois’nous venom on the royal dead. Prior.
Refle'ctive. adj. [from reflect.]
1. Throwing back images.
When the weary king gave place to night.
His beams he to his royal brother lent,
And fo fhone ftill in his rcfeClive light. Dryden.
In the reflecthe fircam the fighing bride
Viewing her charms impair’d, abafh’d fhall hide
Her penfive head. Prior.
2. Confidering things part ; confidering the operations of the
mind.
Forc’d by ref.eelhe reafon I confefs.
That human Icience is uncertain guefs. Prior.
Refle'ctor. n.f. [from refeft.] Confiderer.
There is fcarce any thing that nature has made, or that
men do fuffer, whence the devout reflector cannot take an occafion of an afpiring meditation. Boyle on Colours.
Refle'x. adj. [r^efexus, Lat.] DireCled backward.
The motions of my mind are as obvious to the refex aCl
of the foul, or the turning of the intelle&ual eye inward upon
its own aftions, as the paffions of my fenfe are obvious to my
fenfe ; I fee the objeCl, and I perceive that I fee it. Hale.
The order and beauty of the inanimate parts of the world,
the difcernible ends of them do evince by a refex argument,
that it is the workmanfhip, not of blind mechanifmor blinder
chance, but of an intelligent and benign agent. Bentley.
Refle'x. n.f. [refexus, Lat.J Reflection.
There was no other way for angels to fin, but by reflex oi
their underftandings upon themfelves. Hooker.
I’ll fay yon gray is notthe morning’s eye,
’Tis but the pale refex of Cynthia’s brow. Shakefp.
Reflexibi'lity. n.f. [from reflexible.] The quality of being
reflexible.
Reflexibility of rays is their difpofition to be reflected or
turned back into the fame medium from any other medium,
upon whofe lurface they fall ; and r^ys are more or lefs reflexible, which are turned back more or lefs eafily. Newton.
Refle'xible. adj. [from refexits, Lat.J Capable to be thrown
back.
Sir Ifaac Newton has demonftrated, by convincing experi¬
ments, that the light of the fun conflfts of rays differently
refrangible and reflexible; and that thofe rays are differently
reflexible, that are differently refrangible. Cheyne.
Refle'xiYE. adj. [refexus, Lat.] Having refpeCt to fomething
part.
That affurance reflexive cannot be a divine faith, but at the
moll an human, yet fuch as perhaps I may have no doubt¬
ing mixed with. Hammond's PracticalCatechifm.
Refle'xively. adv. [from reflexive.'] In a backward diredion.
Solomon tells us life and death are in the power of the
tongue, and that not only dire&ly in regard of the good or ill
we may do to others, but reflexhely alio, in refpeCt of what
may rebound to ourfelves. Government ofthe Tongue.
Refloa't. n.f. [re andfloat.] Ebb; reflux.
The main float and refloat of the fea, is by confent of
the univerfe, as part of the diurnal motion. Bacon.
To Reflou'rish. v. a. [re andfleurijh.] To flourilh anew.
Virtue given for loll
Revives, reflourifhes, then vigorous moft,
When molt unaCtive deem’d. Milton's Agonifics.
To Reflo'w. v. n. [refiuer, Fr. re and flow.] To flow back.
Reflu'ent. adj. [refluens, Lat.] Running back ; flowing
back.
The liver receives the refluent blood almoft from all the
parts of the abdomen. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Tell, by what paths.
Back to the fountain’s head the fea conveys
The refluent rivers, and the land repays. Blachnore.
Reflu'x. n.f. [reflux, Fr. refiuxus, Lat.J Backward courfe
of water.
Befides
Mine own that ’bide upon me, all from me
Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound. Milton.
The variety of the flux and reflux of Euripus, or whether
the fame do ebb and flow feven times a day, is incontravertible. Brown's Pulgar Errours.
Refocilla'tion. n.f. [reflocillo, Lat.J Reiteration of ftrength
by refrelhment.
To REFCVRM. v. a. [reformo, Lat. reformer, Fr.] To
change from worfe to better.
A feCt in England, following the veiy fame rule of policy,
feeketh to reform even the trench reformation, and purge out
from thence alfo dregs of popery. Hoker, b. iv. f. 8.
Seat worthier of Gods, was built
With fecond thoughts, 1 cforming what was old. Milton.
May no luch florm
Fall on our times, where ruin muft reform. Denhatn.
Now low’ring looks prefage approaching ftorms,
And now prevailing love her face reforjns. Dryden.
One cannot attempt the perfeCt reforming the languages of
the world, without rendering himfelf ridiculous. Locke.
The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age ;
but that of a good one will not reform it. Swift.
To Refo'rm. v. n. To make a change from worfe to better.
Was his do&rine of the mafs ftruck out in this con¬
flict ? or did it give him occafion of reforming in this
point ? Atterhury.
REFO'RM. n.f. [French.] Reformation.
Reformation-, n.f. [reformation, Fr. from reform.]
1. Change from worfe to better.
Never came reformation in a flood
With fuch a heady current, fcow’ring faults ;
Nor ever Hydra-headed wilfulnefs
So foon did lofe his feat, as in this kinsr. Shakefp. Henry V.
Satire lalhes vice into reformation. Dryden.
The pagan converts mention this great reformation of thofe
who had been the greateft finners, with that fudden and furprifing change, which the chriftian religion made in the lives
of the moft profligate. Addifon.
2. 1 he change of religion from the corruptions of popery to
its primitive ftate.
The burden of the refonnation lay on Luther’s fhoulders.
Atterhury.
Reformer, n. f. [from reform.]
1. One who makes a change for the better ; an amender.
Publick reformers had need firft praCtife that on their own
hearts, which they purpofe to try on others. King Charles.
The complaint is more general, than the endeavours to
redrefs it: Abroad every man would be a reformer, how very
few at home. Sprat's Sermons.
It was honour enough, to behold the Englilh churches
reformed ; that is, delivered from the reformers. South.
2. Thofe who changed religion from popilh corruptions and in¬
novations.
Our firft reformers were famous confeflors and martyrs all
over the world. Bacon.
To REFRA'C F. v. a. [refraCtus, Lat.] To break the na¬
tural courfe of rays.
If its angle of incidence be large, and the refractive power
of the medium not very ftrong to throw it far from the per¬
pendicular, it will be rcflraCled. Cheyne's Phil. Princ.
Rays of light are urged by the refracting media. Cheyne.
Refracted from yon eaftern cloud.
The grand ethereal bow ihoots up. Thomfon.
Refra ction, n.fl [refraction, Fr.]
Refraction, in general, is the.incurvation or change of de¬
termination in the body moved, which happens to it whilft
it enters or penetrates any medium : in dioptricks, it is the
variation of a ray of light from that right line, which it would
have palled on in, had not the deniity of the medium turned
it afide. Harris.
Refraction, out of the rarer medium into the denfer, is
made towards the perpendicular. Newton's Opticks.
Refra'ctive. adj. [from ref,rad.] Having the power of re¬
fraction.
Thofe fuperficics of tranfparent bodies refleCt the greateft
quantity of light, which have the greateft refraCting power ;
that is, which intercede mediums that differ moft in their
refractive denfities. Newton's Opticks.
Refractoriness, n.f. [from refraCto'y.] Sullen obftinacy.
I did never allow any man’s refraClorinefs againft the pri¬
vileges and orders of the houfes. King Charles.
Great complaint was made by the prefbyterian gang, of my
refraCtorineJ's to obey the parliament’s order. Saunderfon.
REFRACTORY, adj. [rcfraCtaire, Fr. refradarius, Lat. and
fo fhould be written rcfraCtary. It is now accented on the
firft fyllable, but by Shakefpeare on the fecond.] Obftinate ;
perverfe ; contumacious.
There is a law in each well-order’d nation.
To curb thofe raging appetites that are
Moft difobedient and refractory. Shakefp,
A rough hewn feaman, being brought before a wife juftice
for fome mifdemeanor, was by him ordered to be lent away
to prifon, and was refractory after he heard his doom, infomuch as he would not ftir a foot from the place where he
ftood ; laying, it was better to Hand where he was, than vo to
a worle place. . Bacons Apophthegms.
Vulgar compliance with any illegal and extravagant ways*
like violent motions in nature*-, loon grows weary of itfelf*
and ends in a refractory fullennefs. King Charles.
21 L Ref aClory
«>
REF
Refraftory mortal! if thou will not truft thy friends, take
what follows ; know afluredly, before next full moon, that
thou wilt be hung up in chains, Arbuthnot s Rijl.of f. Bull.
Thefe atoms of theirs may have it in them, but they are
refraftory and lullen ; and therefore, like men of the lame
tempers, mud be banged and buffeted into reafon. Bent ey.
Re'fragable. adj. [refragabilis, Lat.] Capable of confuta¬
tion and conviction, _
To Refr ai'n. v. a. [irefrener, Fr. re zndfranum, Lat.] I o
hold back ; to keep from aCtion.
Hold not thy tongue, O God, keep not ftill filence ; r*-
frain not thyfelf. . L ?f“lm '‘
My fon, walk not thou in the way with them, refrain thy
foot from their path. ? Prov. i. 15.
Nor from the holy one of heav’n
Refrain’d his tongue. . Milton.
Neptune aton’d, his wrath {hall now refrain,
Or thwart the fynod of the gods in vain. Pope.
To Refrai'n. v. n. To forbear ; to abftain ; to fpare..
In what place, or upon what confideration foever it be,
they do it, were it in their own opinion of no force being
done, they would undoubtedly refrain to do it. Hooker.
For my name’s fake will I defer mine anger, and refain
for thee, that I cut thee not off. If. xlviii. 9.
That they fed not on flefh, at lead the faithful party be¬
fore the flood, may become more probable, becaufe they re¬
frained therefrom fome time after. _ Brown’s Vulg. Err.
Refrangibi'lity. n.f [from refrangible.']
Refrangibility of the rays of light, is their difpofition to be
refra&ed or turned out of their way, in palling out of one
tranfparent body or medium into another. A eivton.
REFRA'NGIBLE. adj. [re zndfrango, Lat.]
As fome rays are more refrangible than otheis ; that is, are
more turned out of their courfe, in palling from one medium
to another ; it follows, that after luch refra&ion, they will
be feparated, and their diftinCt colour obferved. Locke.
Refrenaction, n.f. [re and fresno, Lat.] The aCt of reftraining.
To REFRE'SH. -y. a. [refraifeher, Fr. refrigero, Lat.]
I. To recreate ; to relieve after pain, fatigue or want.
Service {hall with Heeled finews toil ;
And labour fhall refrejh itlelf with hope. Shakefp.
Muficlc was ordain’d to refrejh the mind of man,^
After his fludies or his ufual pain. Shakefp.
He was in no danger to be overtaken ; fo that he was
content to rcfrejl) his men. Clarendon, b. viii.
His meals are coarfe and ftiort, his employment warrantable,
his fleep certain and refrejhing, neither interrupted with the
lafhes of a guilty mind, nor the aches of a crazy body. South,
‘ If you would have trees to thrive, take care that no plants
be near them, which may deprive them of nourilhment, .or
hinder refrejhings and helps that they .might receive. Mortim.
2' Xo improve by new touches any thing impaired.
Xhe reft refrefi the fcaly fnakes, that fold
The fhield of Pallas, and renew their gold. Drydcn.
?. To refrigerate; to cool. ^ 7 .
A dew coming after heat refrejheth. Eccluf. xhu. 22.
Refre'sher. n.f. [from refrejh.] That which refrefhes.
The kind refrejher of the fummer heats. Thomjon.
Refreshment, n.f. [from refrejh.]
1. Relief after pain, want or fatigue.
2. That which gives relief, as food, reft.
He was full of agony and horrour upon the approach of a
difmal death, and fo had moft need of the refrejhments of fociety, and the friendly afliftances of his difc.ples. South.
Such honeft refrejhments and comforts of life, our chriftian
liberty has made it lawful for us to ufc, # Xra\*
Refrigerant, adj. [refrigerant, Fr. from refrigerate.] Cool¬
ing ; mitigating heat.
In the cure of gangrenes, you muft beware of dry heat,
and refort to things that are refrigerant, with an inward
warmth and virtue of cherifhing. Bacon.
If it arife from an external caufe, apply refrigerants, with¬
out anv preceding evacuation. Wifeman s Surgery.
To REFRIGERATE, v. a. [refrigero, re andfrigus, Lat.]
To cool. . . .
The great breezes, which the motion of the air in great
circles, fuch as the girdle of the world, produceth, do re¬
frigerate ; and therefore in thofe parts noon is nothing fo hot,
when the breezes are great, as about ten of the clock in the
forenoon. Bacon’s Natural Hjlory.
Whether they be refrigerated inclinatorily or fomewhat
equinoxically, though in a lefler degree, they difeover fome
verticity. Brown?s Eulgar Errours.
Refrigera'tion. n.f. [refrigeratio, Lat. refrigeration, Fr.]
The aCt of cooling ; the ftate of being cooled.
Divers do ftut; the caufe may be the refrigeration of the
tongue, whereby it is lefs apt to move. Bacon.
If the mere refigeration of the air would fit it for breathing,
this might be fomewhat helped with bellows. Wilkins.
•Refriterative* ) adj. [refrigeratif, Fr. refrigeratorius, Lat.]
Refrigeratory. ) Cooling i having the power to cool.
REF.l
Refrigeratory, n.f.
1. That part of a diftilling veflcl (hat is placed about the head
of a ftill, and filled with water to cool the condenfing va¬
pours ; but this is now generally done by a worm or fpiral
pipe, turning through a tub of cold water. Quincy.
2. Any thing internally cooling.
A delicate wine, and a durable refrigeratory. Mortimer.
REFRfCERIUM, n.f. [Latin.] Cool refrelhment ; refri¬
geration.
It muft be acknowledged, the ancients have talked much
of annual rejrigeriums, refpites or intervals of puniftiment to
the damned ; as particularly on the feftivals. South.
Reft. part. pret. of reave.
1. Deprived ; taken away.
Thus we well left, he better reft,
In heaven to take his place,
That by like life and death, at laft,
We may obtain like grace. Afchanis Schoolmafer.
I, in a defperate bay of death,
Like a poor bark, of fails and tackling reft,
Rufti all to pieces on thy rocky bofom. Shakefp.
Another {hip had feiz’d on us,
And would have reft the fifticrs of their prey. Shakefp.
Our dying hero, from the continent
Ravilh’d whole towns, and forts from Spaniards reft
As his laft legacy to Britain left. Waller.
2. Preterite of reave. Took away.
So ’twixt them both, they not a lamkin left.
And when lambs fail’d, the old {beeps lives they reft. Spenf.
About his fhoulders broad he threw
An hairy hide of fome wild beaft,. whom he
In favage foreft by adventure flew.
And reft the fpoil his ornament to be. Spenfr.
RETUGE. n.f. [refuge, Fr. refugium, Lat.]
1. Shelter from any danger or diftrefs protection.
Rocks, dens and caves ! but I in none ot thefe
Find place or refuge. Milton’s Par. Lof, b. ix.
The young ones, fuppofed to break through the belly of
the dam, will, upon any fright, for protection run into it;
for then the old one receives them in at her mouth, which
way, the fright being paft, they will return again ; which is
a peculiar way of refuge. Brown’s Eulgar Errours.
"Thofe, who take refuge in a multitude, have an Aria::
council to anfwer for. Atterbury.
2. That which gives fhelter or protection.
The Lord will be a refuge for the opprefled ; a refuge in¬
times of trouble. Pfalrn ix. 9.
They {hall be your refuge from the avenger of blood, "fof.
Fair majefty, the rejuge and redreIs
Of thofe whom fate purlues, Dryden.
2. Expedient in diftrefs.
This laft old man,
Whom with a crack’d heart I have fent to Rome,
Lov’d me above the mealure of a father :
Their lateft refuge was to fend him. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
4. Expedient in general.
Light muft be fupplied among graceful refuges, by terracing
any ltory in danger of darknefs. Wotton.
To Re'fuge. v. a. [refugicr, Fr. from the noun.] To flicker i
to proteCt.
Silly beggars.
Who fitting in the flocks, refuge their fhame,
That many have, and others muft, fit there. Shakefp.
Dreads the vengeance of her injur’d lord ;
Ev’n by thofe gods, who refug’d her, abhorr’d. Dryden.
Refugee', n.f [refugie, Fr.] One who flies to fhelter or
protection.
Poor refugees, at firft they purchafe here;
And foon as denizen’d, they domineer. Dryden.
This is become more neceflary in fome of their govern¬
ments, ftnee fo many refugees fettled among them. Addifon.
Refulgence, n.f. [from rejulgent.] Splendour; brightnels.
REFU'LGENT. adj. [refulgens, Latin.] Bright; ihining ,
glittering; fplendid.
He neither might, nor with’d to know
A more refulgent light. ^ Wallc>.
So conipicuous and refulgent a truth is that of God’s being
the author of man’s felicity, that the difpute is not fo ”1UC^
concerning the thing, as concerning the manner ot it. Boyte.
Agamemnon’s train.
When his rejulgent arms flafh’d through the fhady plain.
Fled from his well-known face. Dryden s .Enas.
To Refu'nd. v. n. [refundo, Lat.]
1. To pour back. , . , .
Were the humours of the eye tinCturcd with any colour,
they would refund that colour upon the objeCt, and (o it
would not be reprefented as in itfelt it is.
2 To repay what is received ; to reltore. . .
A governor, that had pilled the people, was, for receiving
of bribes, fcntenced to refund what he had mo,jgtuhjr
taken.
Such
REG
Such wife men as himfelf account all that is part, to be
alfo gone; and know, that there can be no gam in refunding,
nor any profit in paying debts. South.
How to Icarius, in the bridal hour.
Shall I, by wafte undone, refund the dow’r. Pope.
3.Swift has fomewhere the ablurd phrafe, to refund himfelf for
to reimburje.
Refu'sal. n.f. [from refufe.)
j The a<ft of rctuling ; denial ol any thing demanded or foliC" God has born with all his weak and obftinate refufah of
<M-ace, and has given him time day after day. Rogers.
2 *The preemption; the right of having any thing before an¬
other ; option.
When employments go a begging for want of hands, they
fhall be fure to have the refufal. Swift.
To REFU'SE. v. a. [refufer, Fr.]
1. To deny what is iolicited or required.
If he fhould chufe the right cafket, you fhould refitfe to
perform his father’s will, if you fhould refufe to accept him.
Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Common experience has juftly a mighty influence on the
minds of men, to make them give or refufe credit to any
thing propofed. ' Locke.
"Women are made as they themfelves would choofe ;
Too proud to afk, too humble to refufe. Garth.
2. To rejedl; to difmifs without a grant.
I may neither chufe whom I would, nor refufe whom I
diflike. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
To Refi/se. v. n. Not to accept.
Wonder not then what God for you faw good
If I refufe not, bur convert, as you.
To proper fubftance. Milton.
Rf/fuse. adj [from the verb. The noun has its accent on
the firft fyllable, the verb on the fecond.] Unworthy of re¬
ception ; left when the reft is taken.
Every thing vile and refufe they deftroyed. Sam. xv. 9.
Pleafe to beftow on him the refufe letters ; he hopes by
printing them to get a plentiful provifion. Spectator.
Refuse, n.f That which remains difregarded when the reft
is taken.
We dare not difgrace cur worldly fuperiours with offering
unto them fuch refufe, as we bring unto God himfelf. Hook.
Many kinds have much refufe, which countervails that
which they have excellent. Bacon.
I know not whether it be more Ihame or wonder, to fee
that men can fo put off ingenuity, as to defcend to fo bafe a
vice ; yet we daily fee it done, and that not only by the fcum
and refufe of the people. Government of the Tongue.
Down with the falling ftream the refufe run,
To raife with joyful news his drooping fon. Dryclen.
This humourift keeps more than he wants, and gives a vaft
refufe of his fuperfluities to purchafe heaven. Addifon.
RtFU'sER. n. f. [from refufe.'] He who refufes.
Some few others are the only refufers and condemners of
this catholick practice. Taylor.
Rf.fu'tal. n.f [from refute.') Refutation. Di£t.
Refutation, n.f [refutation Lat. refutation, Fr. from re¬
fute.) The act of refuting ; the act of proving falfe or er¬
roneous.
’Tis fuch miferable abfurd fluff, that we will not honour
it with efpecial refutation. Bentley.
To REFU'TE. v. a. [refito, Lat. refuter, Fr.] To prove
' falfe or erroneous. Applied to perfons or things.
Self-deftruction fought, refutes
That excellence thought in thee. Miltons Par. Lof.
He knew that there were fo many witnefles in thefe two
miracles, that it was impoflible to refute fuch multitudes. Add.
To Regai'n. v. a. [regagner, Fr. re and gain.) To recover;
to gain anew.
Flopeful to regain
Thy love, from thee I will not hide
What thoughts in my unquiet breaft are ris’n. Milton.
We’ve driven back
Thefe heathen Saxons, and regain’d our earth,
As earth recovers from an ebbing tide. Dryden.
As foon as the mind regains the power to flop or continue
any of thefe motions of the body or thoughts, we then coniider the man as a free agent. Locke.
.Rl'gal. adj. [regal, Fr. regalis, Lat.] Royal ; kingly.
Edward, duke of York,
Ufurps the regaltitle and the feat
Of England’s true anointed lawful heir. Shakefp.
Why am I fent for to a king.
Before I have fhook off the regal thoughts
Wherewith I reign’d. Shakefp. RichardII.
With them comes a third of regal. port,
But faded fplendour wan, who by his gait
And fierce demeanour feems the prince or hell. Alilton.
When was there ever a better prince oil the throne than
the prefent queen ? I do not talk of he* government, her
love of the people, or qualities that are purely regal; but her
piety, charity, temperance and conjugal love. Swift.
REG
Re'gaL. n.f [legale, Fr.] A mufical inftrument.
The founds, that produce tones, are ever from fuch bodies
as are in their parts and ports equal; and fuch are in the
nightingale pipes ol regals or organs. Bacon.
REGALE, n.f. [Latin.] The prerogative of monarchy.
To REGATE. v. a. [regaler, Fr. regalare, Italian.] Torefrefh ; to entertain; to gratify.
I with warming puff regale chill’d fingers. Philips.
Rega'lement. n.f. [regalement, Fr.) Refrefhmcnt; enter¬
tainment.
The mufes ftill require
Humid regalement, nor will aught avail
Imploring Phcebus with unmoiften’d lips. Philips.
REGA'LIA. n.f. [Latin.] Enfigns of royalty.
Rega'lity. n.f. [regalis, Latin.] Royalty; fovereignty;
kinglhip.
Behold the image of mortality,
And feeble nature cloth’d with flefhly ’tire,
When raging paffion with fierce tyranny,
Robs reafon of her due regality. Fairy Afueen.
He neither could, nor would, yield to any diminution ol
the crown of France, in territory or regality. Bacon.
He came partly in by the fword, and had high courage in
all points of regality. Bacon’s Henry VII.
The majefty of England might hang like Mahomet’s tomb
by a magnetick charm, between the privileges of the two
houfes, in airy imagination of regality. King Charles.
To REGA'RD. v. a. [regarder, Fr.]
1. To value; to attend to as worthy of notice.
. This afpe<ft of mine.
The heft regarded virgins of our clime
Have lov’d. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
He denies
To know their God, or meffage to regard. Milton.
2. To obferve ; to remark.
If much you note him.
You offend him ; feed and regard him not. Shakefp'.
3. To mind as an obje£t of grief or terrour.
The king marvelled at the young man’s courage, for that
he nothing regarded the pains. 2 Mac. vii. 12.
4. To obferve religioufly.
He that regardeth the day, regardeth it unto the Lord ; and
he that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard
it. Rom. xiv. 6.
5. To pay attention to.
He that obferveth the wind fhall never fow, and he that
rega'deth the clouds fhall never reap. Proverbs*
6. To refpect ; to have relation to.
7. To look towards.
It is a peninfula, which regardeth the mainland. Sandys.
Rega'rd. n.f. [regard, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Attention as to a matter of importance.
The nature of the fentence he is to pronounce, the rule of
judgment by which he will proceed, requires that a particular
regard be had to our obfervation of this precept. Atterbury.
2. Refpetft ; reverence.
To him they had regard, becaufe long he had bewitched
them. Afts\\\\. II*
With fome regard to what is juft and right,
They’ll lead their Jives. Milton.
3. Note ; eminence.
Mac Ferlagh was a man of meaneft regard amongft them,
neither having wealth nor power. Spenfer on Ireland.
4. Refpecft ; account.
Change was thought neceffary, in regard of the great hurt
which the church did receive by a number of things then in
ufe. Hooker, b. \v. f. 14.
5. Relation; reference.
How beft we may
Compofe our prefent evils, with regard
Of what we are and where. Milton.
Their buiinefs is to addrefs all the ranks of mankind, and
perfuade them to purfue and perfevere in virtue, with regard
to themfelves ; in juftice and goodnefs, with regard to their
neighbours; and piety towards God. Watts.
6. [Regard, Fr.] Look; afpe£t directed to another.
Soft words to his fierce paffion (he affav’d ;
But her with ftern regard he thus repell’d. Milton.
He, furpriz’d with humble joy, furvey’d
One fweet regard, (hot by the royal maid.
7. Profpetft ; object of fight. Not proper, nor in ufe.
Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,
Even till we make the main and th’ aerial blue
An indiftinY regard. Shakefp. Othello.
Rega'rdable. adj. [from regard.)
1. Obfervable.
I cannot difeover this difference of the badger’s legs, aU
though the regarddble fide be defined, and the brevity l>ymoft
imputed unto the left. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
2. Worthy of notice.
Tintogel, more famous for his antiquity, than regardalle
for his prefent eftate, abutteth on the fea. Canw.
Rega'rder. n.f rfrom regard. 1 One that regards.
, RegArdful.
Dryden.
REG REG
ReGa'rdful. adj. [regard and full.] Attentive ; taking no¬
tice of.
Bryan was fo regardful of his charge, as he never difpofed
any matter, but firft he acquainted the general. HaywarH.
Let a man be very tender and regardful of every pious mo¬
tion made by the fpirit of God to his heart. South.
Rega/rdfully. adv. [from regardful.]
1. Attentively; heedfully.
2. Refpedlfully.
Is this th’ Athenian minion, whom the world
Voic’d fo regardfully. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Regardless, adj. [from regard.] Heedlefs; negligent; in¬
attentive.
He likeft is to fall into mifchance.
That is regardlefs of his governance. Spenfer.
Regardlefs of the blifs wherein he fat,
Second to thee, offer’d himfelf to die
For man’s offence. Milton's Par. Loft, h. iii.
We muff: learn to be deaf and regardlefs of other things,
befides the prefent fubjedl of our meditation. Watts.
Rega'rdlesly. adv. [from regardlefs.] Without heed.
•Rega'rdlesness. n.f. [from regardlefs.] Heedlefsnefs; neg¬
ligence ; inattention.
Rege'ncy. n.f. [from regent.]
i. Authority ; government.
As Chrift took manhood, that by it he might be capable of
death, whereunto he humbled himfelf; fo becaufe manhood
is tbe proper fubjedl of compaffion and feeling pity, which
maketh the fcepter of Chrift’s regency even in the kingdom of
heaven amiable. Hooker, h. v.f 51.
Men have knowledge and flrer.gth to fit them for action :
women affedlion, for their better compliance; and herewith
beauty to compenfate their fubjedlion, by giving them an equi¬
valent over men. Grew.
1. Vicarious government.
This great minifter, - finding the regency fhaken by the fac¬
tion of 1b many great ones within, and awed by the terror of
the Spanifh greatnefs without, durft begin a war. Temple.
3. The diftridt governed,by a vicegerent.
Regions they pafs’d, the-mighty regencies
Of feraphim. Milton.
4. Thofe to whom vicarious regality is intrufted.
To.REGE'NERATE. v.a. [regenero, Lat.J
1. To reproduce ; to produce anew.
Albeit the fon of this earl of Defmond, who loft his head,
were reftored to the earldom ; yet could not the king’s grace
regenerate obedience in that degenerate houfe, but it grew ra¬
ther more wild. Davies on Ireland.
Through all the foil a genial ferment fpreads.
Regenerates the plants, and new adorns the meads.
Blackmore.
An alkali, poured to that which is mixed with an acid,
raifeth an effervefcence, at the cefiation of which, the
falts, of which the acid is compofed, will be regenerated.
Arbuthnot.
2. [Regenerer, Fr.] To make to be born anew ; to renew by
change of carnal nature to a chriftian life.
No fooner was a convert initiated, but by an eafy figure
he became -a.new man, and both adled and looked upon him¬
felf as one regenerated and born a fecond time into another
ftate of exiftence. Addifon on the Chriftian -Religion.
Regenerate, adj. [;r-egeneratus, Lat.J
I. Reproduced.
Thou ! the earthly author of my blood,
Whofe youthful fpirit, in me regenerate,
Doth with a twofold-vigor lift me up
To reach at vidlory. Shakefp. Richard II.
2.Born anew by grace to a chriftian life. *
For from the mercy-feat above,
Prevenient grace defeending, had remov’d
The ftony from their hearts, and made new flefh
Regenerate grow inftead. Milton.
If you fulfil this refolution, though you fall fometimes by
infirmity ; nay, though you ftiould tall into fome greater act,
even of deliberate fin, which you prefently retradl by confeilion and amendment, you are neverthelefs in a regenerate
eftatc, you live the life of a chriftian here, and fhall inherit
the reward that is promifed to fuch in a glorious immortality
hereafter. JVdke’s Preparationfor Death.
Regeneration, v.f. [regeneration, hr.] New birth ; birth
by grace from carnal affedlions to a chriftian life.
He laved us by the wafhing of regeneration, and renewing
of the Holy Ghoft. , Tit. iii. 5.
Rege'nerateness. n. f. [from regenerate.] The ftate of
being regenerate.
RE'G EN I. adj. fregent, Fr. regens, Lat.J
j. Governing; ruling.
1 he operations ot human life flow not from the corporeal
moles, but from fome other adtive regent principle that refides
in the body, or governs it, which we call the foul. Hale.
2. Exercifing vicarious authority.
He together calls the regent pow’rs
Under him regent. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. iii.
Shakedp.
The adl of
DiSi.
living,
Swift.
Re'gent. n.f.
1. Governour; ruler.
Now for once beguil’d
Uriel, though regent of the fun, and held
The lharpell-fighted fpirit of all in heav’n. Milton.
Neither of thele are any impediment, becaufe the recent
thereof is of an infinite immenfity. Hale.
But let a heifer with gilt horns be led
To Juno, regent of the marriage bed. Dryden.
2. One invefted with vicarious royalty.
Lord regent, I do greet your excellence
With letters of commiffion from the king. Shakefp.
Re'gentship. n.f. [from regent.]
1. Power of governing.
2. Deputed authority.
If York have ill demean’d himfelf in France,
Then let him be deny’d the regentjhip.
Regermina'tion. n.f. [re and germination.]
fprouting again.
Re'gible. adj. Governable.
Re'gicide. n. f. [;regicida, Lat.J
1. Murderer cf his king.
I through the mazes of the bloody field,
Hunted your facred life ; which that I miis’d
Was the propitious error of my fate,
Not of my foul; my foul’s a regicide. Dryden.
2. [Regicidium, Lat.J Murder of his king.
Were it not for this amulet, how were it poftible for any
to think they may venture upon perjury, facrilege, murder,
regicide, without impeachment to their iaintfhip. D. of Piety.
Did fate or we, when great Atrides dy’d,
Urge the bold traitor to the regicide. Pope's Odyffey.
REGIMEN, n.f. [Latin.J That care in diet and
that is fuitable to every particular courfe of medicine.
Yet fhould fome neighbour feel a pain.
Juft in the parts where I complain,
Flow many a meilage would he fend ?
What hearty prayers, that I fhould mend ?
Enquire what regimen I kept,
What gave me eafe, and how I flept.
REGIMENT, n.J. [regement, old Fr.J
1. Eftablifhed government; polity. Not in ufe.
We all make complaint of the iniquity of our times, not
unjuftly, for the days are evil; but compare them with thofe
times wherein there were no civil focieties, with thole times
wherein there was as yet no manner of publick regiment eftablifhed, and we have furely good caufe to think, that God
hath blefled us exceedingly. Hooker, b. i. f. ic.
The corruption of our nature being preluppoi’ed, we may
not deny, but that the law of nature doth now require of neceflity fome kind of regiment. Hooker, b. 1. f 10.
2. Rule; authority. Not in ufe.
The regiment of the foul over the body, is the regiment of
the more adlive part over the paflive. Hale.
3. [Regiment, Fr.J A body of loldiers under one colonel.
Th’ adulterous Antony turns you off",
And gives his potent regiment to a trull. Shakefp.
Higher to the plain we'll fet forth.
In beft appointment, all our regiments. Shakefp.
The elder did whole regiments afford,
The younger brought his conduct and his fword. Waller.
The (landing reghnents, the fort, the town,
All but this wicked filler are our own. Waller.
Now thy aid
Eugene, with regiments unequal preft.
Awaits. Philips.
Rkgime'ntal. adj. [from regiment.] Belonging to a regi¬
ment ; military.
.Region, n. f. .[region, Fr. regio, Lat.J
1. Trad! of land; country; trad! of fpace.
All the regions
Do feemingly revolt; and, who refill.
Are mock’d for valiant ignorance. Shakefp.
Her eyes in heav’n
Would through the airy region ftream fo bright,
That birds would fing, and think it were not night. Shake.
The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the
matter of tempefts before the air below. Bacon.
They rag’d the goddefs, and with fury fraught,
The reftlels regions of the ftorms fhe fought. Dryden.
2. Part of the body.
The bow is bent and drawn, make from the fhaft.
—Let it fall rather, though the fork invade
T he region of my heart. Shakefp. King Lear.
3. Place ; rank.
The gentleman kept company with the wild prince and
Poins : he is of too high a region ; he knows too much. Shak.
RE GISTER. n.f [regijhe, Fr. regiftrUm, Lat.J An account
of any thing regularly kept.
Joy may you have, and everlafting fame.
Of late moll hard atchievement by you done,
For which inrolled is your glorious name
In heavenly regifters above the fun. Fairy ®uem.
Sir
REG
Sir John, as you have one eye upon my follies, as you hear
them unfolded, turn another into the regifter of your own. Sha.
This ifland, as appeareth by faithful rtgfters of thofe times,
had fliips of great content. Bacon's New Atlantis.
Of thefe experiments, our friend, pointing at the regifter
ol this dialogue, will perhaps give you a more particular
account. Boyle.
For a confpiracy againft the emperor Claudius, it was or¬
dered that Scribonianus’s name and confulate fltould be ef¬
faced out of all publick regfters and inferiptions. Addifon.
2.[Regftrarius, law Lat.] The officer whofe bufinefs is to
write and keep the regifter.
To Register, v. a. [regiftrer, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To record ; to prelerve from oblivion by authentick accounts.
The Roman emperors regfterecl their moft remarkable
buildings, as well as actions. Addijon's Remarks on Italy.
2. To enrol ; to fet down in a lift.
Such follow him, as (hall be regifter'd\
Part good, part bad : of bad the longer fcrowl. Milton.
Re'cistry. n.f [from regfter.J
1. The a£! of inferting in the regifter.
A little fee was to be paid for the regiftry. Graunt.
2. The place where the regifter is kept.
3. A feries of faifts recorded.
I wonder why a regiftry has not been kept in the college of
phyficians of things invented. Temple.
RE'GLEMENT n.f. [French.] Regulation. Not ufed!
To fpeak of the reformation and reglerhent of ufury, by the
balance of commodities and difcommoditles thereof,;two
things are to be reconciled. Bacon’s EJfays.
Re glet. n. J. [reglette, from regie, Fr.] Ledge of wood
exactly planed, by which printers feparate their lines in pages
widely printed. 0
Re'gnant. adj. [French.] Reigning; predominant; pre¬
valent ; having power. ' n
Princes are fhy of their fucceftors, and there may be reafonably fuppofed in queens regnant a little proportion of tenderneis that way, more than in kings. JVotton.
The law was regnant, and confin’d his thought,
Hell was not conquer’d, when the poet wrote. Waller*,
His guilt is clear, his proofs are pregnant,
A traytor to the vices regnant. Swift's Mftcellanies.
To Rego'rge. v. a. [re and gorge.]
I.To vomit up; to throw back.
It was fcoffingly faid, he had eaten the king’s goofe, and
did then regorge the feathers. cHayward.
1. To fwallow eagerly.
Drunk with wine.
And fat regorg'd of bulls and goats. Miltons Agonftes.
3.[Regerger, Fr.] To fwallow back.
As tides at higheft mark regorge the flood,
So fate, that could no more improve their joy,
Took a malicious pleafure to deftroy. Dryden.
To Regra'ft. v. a. [;regreffer, Fr. re and graft.] To graft
again.
Oft regrafting the fame cions, may make fruit greater. Bac.
To Regra'nt. v. a. [re and grant.] To grant back.
He, by letters patents, incorporated them by the name of
the dean and chapter of Trinity-church in Norwich, and regranted their lands to them. Ayliffe's Parer?on
To REGRATE, v. *
1. To offend ; to Ihock.
. The cloathing of the tortoife and viper rather regrateth,
than pleafeth the eye. Derham's Phyftco-Theology.
2. [Regratter, Fr.] To engrofs; to foreftal.
Neither fhould they buy any corn, unlefs it were to make
malt thereof; for by fuch engrafting and regrating, the dearth,
that commonly reigneth in England, hath been caufed. Spenf.
Recrater, n.f. [regrattier, Fr. from rcgrate.] Foreftaller;
engrafter.
1 o Regree't. v. a. [re and greet.] To refalute ; to greet a
iecond time.
Hereford, on pain of death.
Till twice five fummers have enrich’d our fields,
Shall not regreet our fair dominions.
But lead the ftranger paths of banifhment. Shakefp.
Regree't. n.f [from the verb.] Return or exchange of lalutation. Not in ufe.
And fhall thefe hands, fo newly join’d in love.
Unyoke this feizure, and this kind regreet ?
Play faft and loofe with faith ? Shakefp. King John.
Regre'ss. n.f. [regres, Fr. regreffus, Latin.] Paffage back;
power of paffing back.
’ Tis their natural place which they always tend to; and
from which there is no progrefs nor regrefs. Burnet.
To Regre ss, v. n. [regreffus, Lat.] To go back; to return ;
to pafs back to the former ftate or place.
All being forced unto fluent confiftences, naturally regrefs
unto their former folidities. Brown.
Regression, n.f. [regreffus, Lat.] The a& of returning or
going back.
To defire there were no God, were plainly to unwifh their
R E G
own being, which muft needs be annihilated in the fubt.no
tion of that effence, which fubftantially fupporteth them, and
reftrains from regreffion into nothing. Brown*
Regre't. n.f [regret, Fr. regretto, Italian. Prior has ufed it
in the plural; but, I believe, without authority.]
1. Vexation at fomething paft ; bitternefs of reflection.
I never bare any touch of confcience with greater regret.
King Charles*
A paffionate regret at fin, a grief and fadnefs at its memory,
enters us into God’s roll of mourners. Decay of Piety.
1 hough fin offers itfelf in never fo pleating a drefs, yet
the remorfe and inward regrets of the foul, upon the comxniftion of it, infinitely overbalance thofe faint gratifications
it ^affords the fenfes. South's Serirtonsi
2. Grief; forrow.
Never any prince expreffed a more lively regret for the lofs
of a fervant, than his majefty did for this great man ; in all
offices or grace towards his fervants, and in a wonderful folicitous care for the payment of his debts. Clarendon.
T hat freedom, which all forrows claim,
She does for thy content refign ;
Her piety itfelf would blame.
If her regrets fhould waken thine. Priori
3. Diflike; averfion. Not proper.
L it a virtue ra have fome ineffective regrets to damnation,
and fuch a virtue too, as fhall fbrve to balance all our vices.
r, r r „ Decay of Piety<
1 o Kegre t. v. a. [regretter, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To repent; to grieve at.
I fhall not regret the trouble my experiments coft me, if
they be found ferviceable to the purpofes of refpiratiom Boyle.
Calmly he look’d on either life, and here
Saw nothing to regret, or there to fear ;
From nature’s temp’rate feaft rofe fatisfy’d.
Thank’d heav’n that he had liv’d, and that he dy’d Pote2. To be uneafy at. Not proper. 7 *
Thofe, the impiety of whofe lives makes them regret a
deity, and fecretly wifh there were none, will greedily liften
to atheiftical notions. Glanville's Seep/.\
ReguE rdon. n.f. [re and guerdon.] Reward; recompense.
Stoop, and fet your knee againft my foot;
And in reguerdon of that duty done,
I gird thee with the valiant fword of York. \eShakefp.
To Regue'rdon. v. a. [from the noun.] To reward The
verb and noun are both obfolete.
Long lince we were refolved of your truth.
Your faithful fervice and your toil in war;
Yet never have you tafted your reward.
Or been reguerdon'd with fo much as thanks. Shakefo.
RE'GULAR. adj. [regulier, Fr. regularis, Lat.] JP
1. Agreeable to rule; confident with the mode preferibed.
The common cant of criticks is, that though the lines are
good, jt is not a regular piece. Guardian.
The ways of heav’n are dark and intricate.
Puzzled in mazes, and perplex’d with errors ;
Our underftanding traces them in vain, '
Loft and bewilder’d in the fruitlefs fearch ;
Nor fees with how much art the windings run.
Nor where the regular confufion ends. Addifon.
So when we view fome well-proportion’d dome.
No monftrous height or breadth or length appear ;
The whole at once is bold and regular. Pope.
2. Governed by ftrieft regulations.
So juft thy fkill, fo regular my rage. Pope’.
3. In geometry, regular body is a folid, whofe furface is compofed*
ofregular and equal figures, and whofe folid angles are all equal,
and of which there are five forts, viz. 1. A pyramid compre¬
hended under four equal and equilateral triangles. 2. A cube
whofe furface is compofed of fix equal lquares. 3. That
which is bounded by eight equal and equilateral tnangles.
4* That which is contained under twelve equal and equilate¬
ral pentagons. 5* A body conlifting of twenty equal and
equilateral tnangles : and mathematicians demonftrate, that
there can be no more regular bodies than thefe five. Mufchenbr.
There is no univerfal reafon, not confined to human fa!ncy,
that a figure, called regular, which hath equal fides and
angles, is more beautiful than any irregular one. Bentley
4. Inftituted or initiated according to eftablifhed forms or difetpline : as, a regular doilor ; regular troops.
Regular, n.f. [regulier, Fr.]
In the Romifh church, all perfons are fald to be regular*.
that do profefs and follow a certain rule of life in r,tm
fhled regula; and do likewife obferve the three aporovedtows
of poverty, chaftity and obedience. A.Uffe’,
Regula rity. n. j. [regularlti, Fr. from regulf.1
1. Agrecablenefs to rule. 6 J
2. Method ; certain order.
Re^ulauty isceitain, where it is not fo apparent, as in all
fluius ; for regularity is a fimilitude continued. Grew.
e f lover of regularity and order ; and ma¬
naged all his affairs with the utmoft exa&nefs. Atterlury.
21 M Re gularly,
R E J
&E gularly. adv. [from regular.] In a manner concordant
to rule.
If thofe painters, who have left us fuch fair platforms, had
rigoroufiy obferved it in their figures, they had indeed made
things more regularly true, but withal very unpleafing. Dryd.
With one judicious ftroke.
On the plain ground Apelles drew _
A circle regularly true. Prior.
Strains that neither ebb nor flow,
Corredly cold and regularly low. Pope.
To RE'GULATE. v. a. [regula, Lat.]
1. To adjuftby rule or method.
Nature, in the produ&ion of things, always defigns them
to partake of certain, regulated, eftablifhed eflences, which
are to be the models of all things to be produced : this, in
that crude fenfe, would need fome better explication. Locke.
2. To direct.
Regulate the patient in his manner of living. Wifeman.
Ev’n goddefies are women ; and no wife
Has pow’r to regulate her hufband’s life. Dryden.
Regulation, n.f [from regulate.]
1. The ad of regulating.
Being but ftupid matter, they cannot continue any regular
and conlfant motion, without the guidance and regulation of
fome intelligent being. Ray on the Creation.
2, Method ; the effect of regulation.
Regula'tor. n.f [from regulate.]
t. One that regulates.
The regularity of corporeal principles fheweth them to
come at firft from a divine regulator. Grew's Cofmol.
2. That part of a machine which makes the motion equable.
RE'GULUS. n.J. [Lat. regule, Fr.]
Regulus is the finer and mod weighty part of metals,
which fettles at the bottom upon melting. Quincy.
To REGURGITATE. v. n. [re and gurges, Lat. regorger,
Fr.] To throw back ; to pour back.
The inhabitants of the city remove themfelves into the
country fo long, until, for want of recept and encourage¬
ment, it regurgitates and fends them back. Graunt.
Arguments of divine wildom, in the frame of animate
bodief, are the artificial pofition of many valves, all fo fituate,
as to give a free pailage to the blood in their due channels,
but not permit them to regurgitate and difturb the great cir¬
culation. Bentley.
To Regurgitate, v. n. To be poured back.
Nature was wont to evacuate its vicious blood out of thefe
veins, which pailage being ftopt, it regurgitates upwards to
the lungs. Harvey on Confumptions.
Regurgitation. n.f. [from regurgitate.] Reforption;
the ad of fwallowing back.
Regurgitation of matter is the conftant fymptom. Sharp.
To Rehea'r. v. a. [re and hear.] To hear again.
My delign is to give all perfons a rehearing, who have
fuffered under any unjuft fentence. Acldifon’s Examiner.
Rehea'rsal. n.f [from rehearfe.]
1. Repetition ; recital.
Twice we appoint, that the words which the minifter pronounceth, the whole congregation fhall repeat after him ; as
firft in the publick confeffion of fins, and again in rehearfal
of our Lord’s prayer after the blelfed facrament. Hooker.
What dream’d my lord ? tell me, and I’ll requite it
With fweet > ehearfal of my morning’s dream. Shakefp.
What refpeded their adions as a rule or admonition, ap¬
plied to yours, is only a rehearfal, whofe zeal in aflerting the
minifterial caufe is fo generally known. South.
2. The recital of any thing previous to publick exhibition.
The chief of Rome,
With gaping mouths to thefe rehearpels come. Dryden.
To Rehea'rse. v. a. [from rehear. Skinner.]
1. To repeat; to recite.
Rehearfe not unto another that which is told. Eccluf.
Of modeft poets be thou juft.
To filent fhades repeat thy verfe,
’Till fame and echo almoft burft.
Yet hardly.dare one line rehearfe. Swift.
2. To relate; to tell.
Great mafter of the mufe ! infpir’d
The pedigree of nature to rehearfe,
And found the maker’s work in equal verfe. Dryden.
3. To recite previoufiy to publick exhibition.
All Rome is pleafed, when Statius will rehearfe. Dryden.
To Reje ct, v. a. [rejicio, rejeftus, Lat.]
1. To difmifs without compliance with propofal or acceptance
of offer.
Barbarofia was rejefted into Syria, although he perceived
that it tended to his difgrace. Knolles’s Hijlory of the Turks.
2. To caft off; to make an abjed.
rl hou haft rejefted the word of the Lord, and the Lord
hath rejefted thee from being king. 1 Sam. xv. 26.
Give me wifdom, and reject me not from among thy
children. Wifd. ix. 4.
He is defpifed and rejefted of men, a man of forrows. If
R E I
3. To refufe ; not to accept.
Becaufe thou haft rejefted knowledge, I will reject thee,
that thou {halt be 110 prieft. Hofea iv. 6.
Whether it be a divine revelation or no, realon inuftjudge,
which can never permit the mind to rejeft a greater evidence,
to embrace what is lefs evident. Locke.
4. To throw afide.
Rejection, n.f. [rejeftio, Lat.] The act of cafting off or
throwing afide.
The rejection I ufe of experiments, is infinite ; but if an ex¬
periment be probable and of great ufe, I receive it. Bacon.
Medicines urinative do not work by rejeftion and indigeftion, as folutive do. Bacon.
ReFcle. n.f [regie, Fr.] A hollow cut to guide any thing.
A flood gate is drawn up and let down through the reigles
in the fide pofts. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
To Reign, v. n. [regno, Lat. regner, Fr.]
1. To enjoy or exercife fovereign authority.
This, done by them, gave them fuch an authority, that
though he reigned, they in effed ruled, moft men honouring
them, becaufe they only deferved honour. Sidney, b. ii.
Tell me, fhall Banquo’s iflue ever
Reign in this kingdom ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
A king fhall reign in righteoufnefs, and princes rule in
judgment. Ij. xxxi. 1.
Did he not firft fev’n years a life-time reign. Cowley.
This right arm fhall fix
Her feat of empire ; and your fon fhall reign. A. Philips.
2. To be predominant; to prevail.
Now did the fign reign, under which Perkin fliould ap¬
pear. Bacon.
More are fick in the fummer, and more die in the winter,
except in peftilent difeafes, which commonly reign in fummer
or autumn. Bacon.
Great fecrecy reigns in their publick councils. Addifon.
3. To obtain power or dominion.
That as fin reigned unto death, even fo might grace reign
through righteoufnefs unto eternal life by Jefus Chrift. Romans.
Reign, n.f. [regne, Fr. regnum, Lat.]
1. Royal authority ; fovereignty.
He who like a father held his reign.
So foon forgot, was juft and wife in vain. Pope.
2. Time of a king’s government.
Queer country puts extol queen Befs’s reign,
And of loft hofpitality complain. Bramjlsn.
Ruftel’s blood
Stain’d the fad annals of a giddy reign. Thomfon.
3. Kingdom ; dominions.
Saturn’s fons receiv’d the threefold reign
Of heav’n, of ocean and deep hell beneath. Prior.
That wrath which hurl’d to Pluto’s gloomy reign,
The fouls of mighty chiefs untimely flain. Pope.
To Reimbo'dy. v. n. [re and imbody, which is more frequent¬
ly, but not more properly, written embody.] To embody again.
Quickfilver, broken into little globes, the parts brought to
touch immediately reimbody. Boyle.
To REIMBU'RSE. v. a. [re, in and bourfe, Fr. a purfe.] To
repay; to repair lofs or expence by an equivalent.
Hath he faved any kingdom at his own expence, t®
give him a title of reimburfng himfelf by the deftrudion of
ours ? Swift's Mifcellanies.
Reimbursement, n.f [from reimburfe.] Reparation or
repayment.
If any perfon has been at expence about the funeral of a
lcholar, he may retain his books for the reimburfement. Ayliffe.
To Reimpre'gnate. v. a. [re and impregnate.] To impreg¬
nate anew.
The vigor of the loadftone is deftroyed by fire, nor will it
be reimpregnated by any other magnet than the earth. Brown.
Reimpre'ssion. n.f. [re and imprejfion.] A fecond or re¬
peated impreflion.
Rein. n.f. [refnes,Ys.]
1. The part of the bridle, w’hich extends from the horfe’s head
to the driver’s or rider’s hand.
Every horfe bears his commanding rein.
And may direct his courfe as pleale himfelf. Shakefp:
Take you the reins, while I from cares remove.
And fieep within the chariot which I drove. Dryden.
With hafty hand the ruling reins lie drew;
He lath’d the courfers, and the courfers flew. Pope.
2. Ufed as an inftrument of government, or tor government.
The hard rein, which both ot them have borne
Againft the old kind king. Shakefp. King Lear.
3. 7o give the Reins. To give licenfe.
War to diforder’d rage let loofe the reins.
When to his luft jEgifthus gave the rein,
Did fate or we th’ adulterous ad conftrain. P°Pe'
To Rein. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To govern by a bridle.
He, like a proud fteed rein'd, went haughty on. Milton.
His fon retain’d
His father’s art, and warriour ftceds he rein'd, Dryden,
2. 1®
Milton.
R E J REL
2. To reftrain ; to control.
And where you find a maid,
That, ere {lie deep, hath thrice her pray’rs faid,
Rein up the organs of her fantafy ;
Sleep fhe as found as carelefs infancy.
Being once chaft, he cannot
Be rein'd again to temperance ; then he fpeaks
Shakefp.
Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Fr.] The kidneys j the lower
conWhat’s in his heart.
Reins, n./• [renes, Lat. rein
part of the back. %
Whom I Ihall fee for myfelf, though my reins be
fumed. . Jobxix. 27.
To Reinsert, v. a. [re and infert.] To infert a fecond time.
To Reinspi're. v. a. [re and infpire.] To infpire anew.
Time will run
On fmoother, till Favonius reinfpire
The frozen earth, and cloath in frefh attire
The lilly and rofe. Milton.
The mangled dame lay breathlefs on the ground.
When on a fudden reinfpil’d with breath.
Again (he rofe. Dryden.
ToReinsta'l. v. a. [re and injlal.]
1. To feat again.
That alone can truly reinjlallthee
In David’s royal feat, his true fuccefTor. Milton.
2. To put again in poffeflion. This example is not very proper.
Thy father
Levied an army, weening to redeem
And reinfial me in the diadem. Shakefp. Henry VI.
To Reinsta'te. v. a. [ie and inflate.] To put again in poffeflion.
David, after that fignal vidlory, which had preferved his
life, reinjlated him in his throne, and reftored him to the ark
and landtuary ; yet fuffered the lofs of his rebellious fon to
overwhelm the lenfe of his deliverance. Gov. of the Tongue.
Modefty reinjlates the widow in her virginity. Addifon.
The reinjlating of this hero in the peaceable poffeflion of
his kingdom, was acknowledged. Pope.
To Reintegrate, v. a. [reinteger, Fr. re and integer, Lat.
It fhould perhaps be written redintegrate.J To renew with
regard to any ftate or quality ;• to repair ; to reftore.
This league drove out all the Spaniards out of Germany,
and reintegrated that nation in their ancient liberty. Bacon.
The falling from a difeord to a concord hath an agree¬
ment with the affections, which are reintegrated to the better
after fome diflikes. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
ToReinve'st. v. a. [re and invefi.] To inveft anew.
To REJOFCE. v. n. [rejouir, Fr.J To be glad ; to joy ;
to exult; to receive pleafure from fomething pall.
This is the rejoicing city that dwelt carelefly, that faid,
Zeph. ii. 15.
rejoice from their
>Jer. xxxi. 13.
that rejoice at mine
PJalm xxxv. 26.
the Lord had
Exodus xviii. 9.
Milton.
gladden ; to make
the goodnefs which
there is none befide me
I will comfort them, and make them
forrow.
Let them be brought to confufion,
hurt.
Jethro rejoiced for all
done.
They rejoice each with their kind.
To Rejoi'ce. v. a. To exhilarate ; to
joyful; to glad.
Thy teftimonies are the rejoicings of my heart. Pf. cxix.
Alone to thy renown ’tis giv’n,
Unbounded through all worlds to go ;
While fhe great faint rejoices heav’n,
And theu fuftain’ft the orb below. Prior.
I fhould give Cain the honour of the invention; were he
alive, it would rejoice his foul to fee what mifehief it had
made. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Rejoicer. n.f [from rejoice.'] One that rejoices.
Whatfoever faith entertains, produces love to God ; but
he that believes God to be cruel or a rejoicer in the unavoid¬
able damnation of the greateft part of mankind, thinks evil
thoughts concerning God. Taylor’s Rule Tf Living Holy.
To REJOI'N. v. a. [lejoindre, Fr.J
I. To join again.
The grand fignior conveyeth his gallies down to Grand
Cairo, where they are taken in pieces, carried upon camels
backs, and rejoined together at Sues. Brown’s Vulg. Err.
1. To meet one again.
Thoughts, which at Hyde-park-corner I forgot.
Meet and rejoin me in the penfive grot. Pope.
To Rejoin, v. n. To anfvver to an anfwer.
It will be replied, that he receives advantage by this lop¬
ping of his fuperfluous branches ; but I rejoin, that a tranflator has no fuch right. Dryden s Preface to Ovid.
Rejoi'nder, n.f [from rejoin.]
j. Reply to an anfwer.
The quality of the perfon makes me judge myfelf obliged
to a rejoinder. Glanvillto Albius.
Z. Reply; anfwer.
Injury of chance rudely beguiles our lips
Of all rajoindure. Shakefp. Troilus and Crejftda.
Rijo'lt. n.f [rejaillir, Fr.J Shock; fuccuffion.
The finner, at his higheft pitch of enjoyment, is not pleafed
with it fo much, but he is afilicfed more ; and as long as thele
inward rejolts and recoilings of the mind continue, the finner
will find his accounts of pleafure very poor. South.
Re it. n.f Sedge or fea weed. Bailey.
To REITERATE, v. a. [re and itero, Lat. reiterer, Fr.J
To repeat again and again.
You never fpoke what did become you lefs
Than this ; which to reiterate, were fin. Shakefp.
With reiterated crimes he might
Heap on himfelf damnation. Milton.
Although Chrift hath forbid us to ufe vain repetitions when
we pray, yet he hath taught us, that to reiterate the fame requefts will not be vain. Smalridge.
Reitf.ra'tion. n.f. [reiteration, Fr. from reiterate.] Repetition.
It is ufeful to have new experiments tried over again ; fuch
reiterations commonly exhibiting new phenomena. Boyle.
The words are a reiteration or reinforcement of an applica¬
tion, arifing from the confideration of the excellency of
Chrift above Mofes. JVard of Infidelity.
To Reji/dge. v. a. [re and judge.] To reexamine ; to re¬
view ; to recal to a new trial.
The mufe attends thee to the filent {hade;
’Tis hers the brave man’s lateft fteps to trace,
Rejudge his acts, and dignify difgrace. Pope:
To Reki'ndle. v.a. [re and kindle.] To fet on fire again.
Thefe difappearing, fixed ftars were actually extinguifhed,
and would for ever continue fo, if not rekindled, and new re¬
cruited with heat and light. Cheyne’s Phil. Principles.
Rekindled at the royal charms,
Tumultuous love each beating bofom warms. Pope.
To Rela'pse. v. n. [relapfus, Lat.J
1. To flip back ; to Aide or fall back.
2. To fall back into vice or errour.
The oftner he hath relapfed, the more fignifications he
ought to give of the truth of his repentance. Taylor.
3. To fall back from a ftate of recovery to ficknefs.
He was not well cured, and would have relapfed. IVifem.
Rela'pse. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Fall into vice or errour once forfaken.
This would but lead me to a worfe relapfe
And heavier fall. Milton.
We fee in too frequent inftances the relapfes of thofe, who,
under the prefent fmart, or the near apprehenfion of the di¬
vine pleafure, have refolved on a religious reformation. Rog.
2. Regreflion from a ftate of recovery to ficknefs.
It was even as two phyficians {hould take one fick body in
hand ; of which, the former would purge and keep under the
body, the other pamper and ftrengthen it fuddenly ; whereof
what is to be looked for, but a moft dangerous relapfe. Spcnf.
3. Return to any ftate. The fenfe here is fomewhat obfeure.
Mark a bounding valour in our Englifh ;
That being dead like to the bullet’s grazing.
Breaks out into a fecond courfe of mifehief.
Killing in relapfe of mortality. Shakefp. Henry V
To RELATE, v.a. [relatus, Lat.]
I. To tell; to recite. :
Your wife and babes
Savagely flaughter’d ; to relate the manner.
Were to add the death of you. Shakefp. Adacbeth
Here I could frequent
With worfhip place by place, wdiere hevouchfaf’d
Prefence divine ; and to my fons relate. Milton.
The drama reprefents to view, what the poem only doe s
relate. Dryden.
A man were better relate himfelf to a ftatue, than fuffer
his thoughts to pafs in Another. Bacon.
2. To ally by kindred.
Avails thee not,
To whom related, or by whom begot ;
A heap of dull alone remains. Pope.
3. To bring back ; to reftore. A Latinifm. Spenfer.
To Rela'te. v. n. To have reference ; to have refpedt.
All negative or privative words relate to politive ideas, and
fignify their abfence. Locke.
As other courts demanded the execution of perfons dead
in law, this gave the laft orders relating to thofe dead in
reafon. Tatler, no.
Rela'ter. n.f. [from relate.] Teller; narrator.
We fhall rather perform good offices unto truth, than any
differvice unto their relaters. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Her hufband the relater fhe prefer’d
Before the angel. ATIton's Paradife Lofi, b. viii.
The beft Englifh hiftorian, when his ftyle grows antiquated,
will be only confidered as a tedious relater of fads. Swift.
Relation, n.f [relation, Ft. from relate.]
1. Manner of belonging to any perfon or thino-.
Under this ftone lies virtue, youth,
Unblemifh’d probity and truth ;
Juft unto all relations known,
A worthy patriot, pious fon. H aller.
S0
R E L
So Tar as fervtce imports duty and fubje&ion, all created
beings bear the necefiary relation of fervants to God. South.
Our necefiary relations to a family, oblige all to ufe their
reafoning powers upon a thoufand occafions. Watts.
2. Refpedt ; reference ; regard.
I have been importuned to make fome cbfervations on this
art, in relation to its agreement with poetry. Dryden.
Relation confifls in the confideration and comparing one
idea with another. _ Locke.
3. Connexion between one thing and another.
Aucmrs, that underfland relations, have
Bv magpies, choughs and rooks brought forth
The fecret'fl man of blood. Shakefp. Macbeth,
4. Kindred ; alliance of kin.
Relations dear, and all the charities
Of fathers, fon and brother,firfl were known. Milton.
Be kindred and relation laid afide,
And honour’s caufe by laws of honour try’d. Dryden.
Are we not to pity and fupply the poor, though they have
no relation to us ? no relation c that cannot be : the gofpel
Riles them all our brethren; nay, they have a nearer relation
to us, cur fellow-members ; and both thefe from their relation to our Saviour himfelf, who calls them his brethren. Sprat.
5. Perfon related by birth or marriage ; kinfman ; kinfwoman.
A fhe-coulin, of a good family and fmall fortune, palled
months among all her relations. Swift.
Dependants, friends, relations,
Savag’d by woe, forget the tender tie. Thomfon.
6. Narrative ; tale ; account ; narration ; recital of fadfs.
In an hiltorical relation, we ufe terms that are moll
proper. Burnet’s Theory ofthe Ear th.
The author of a juft fable, mull pleafe more than the
writer of an hillorical relation. Dennis’s Letters.
Rf/lativf. aelj. [relativus, Lat. relatif, Fr.]
1. Having relation ; refj)e£ting.
Not only funpie ideas and fubllances, but modes are pofi¬
tive beings ; though the parts of which they confill, are very
often relative one to another. Locke.
2. Confidered not abfolutcly, but as belonging to, or refpe&ing
lbmething elfe.
The ecclefiallical, as well as the civil governour, has
caufe to purfue the fame methods of confirming himfelf ; the
grounds of government being founded upon the fame bottom
of nature in both, though the circumllances and relative con¬
federations of the perfons may differ. . South.
Every thing fuftains both an abfolute and a relative capa¬
city : an abfolute, as it is fuch a thing, endued with fuch a
nature ; and a relative, as it is a part of the univerfe, and fo
Hands in fuch relation to the whole. _ South.
Wholefome and unwholefome are relative, not real qualities. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. Particular ; pofitive ; clofe in connection. Not in ufe.
I’ll have grounds
More relative than this. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Relative, n.f.
1. Relation; kinfman. .
T'is an evil dutffulnefs in friends and relatives, to fuffer one
to perilh without reproof. Taylor.
2. Pronoun anfwering to an antecedent.
Learn the right joining of fubffantives with adjectives, and
the relative with the antecedent. Ajchams Schoolmajler.
3. Somewhat refpeCling fomething elfe. . . .
When the mind fo confiders one thing, that it fets it by
another, and carries its view from one to the othei, this is
relation and refped ; and the denominations given to pofitive
things, intimating that relpeCt, are relatives. Locke.
Relatively, adv. [from relative.] As it refpects fomething
elfe ; not abfolutely. .
All thofe things, that feem fo foul and difagreeable in na¬
ture, are not really fo in themfelves, but only relatively. More.
Thefe being the greateR good or the greateR evil, either
abfolutely fo in themfelves, or relatively fo to us ; it is there¬
fore good to be zealoufly affeCled for the one againft the
other. . , Sprat.
Confider the abfolute affections of any being as it is in ltfelf, before you confider it relatively, or furvey the various
relations in which it Rands to other beings. Watts.
Re/lativeness. n.f. [from relative.] 1 he Rate of having
relation.
To RELA'X. v. a. [relaxo, Lat.]
I.To llacken ; to make lefs tenle.
I he fmews, vvhen the iouthern wind bloweth, are more
relax. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
2i I o remit ; to make lefs fevere or rigorous.
The Ratute of mortmain was at leveral times relaxed by
thelegiflature. . Swift.
3. To make lefs attentive or laborious.
Nor praife relax, nor difficulty fright. Vanity of Wijhes.
4. To eafe ; to divert.
5. To open ; to loofe. •
It ferv’d not to relax their ferried files. Milton.
To Relax, v. n. To be mild; to be remifs ; to be not
rigorous.
R E L
If in fome regards fire chofe
To curb poor Paulo in too clofe;
In others fhe relax’d again,
And govern’d with a loofer rein. _ Prior,
Relaxation, n.f. [;relaxation, Er. relaxation Lat.]
1. Diminution of tenfion ; the a£t of lool'enirrg.
Cold fweats are many times mortal ; lor that they come by
a relaxation or forfaking of the fpirits. Bacon.
Many, who live healthy in a dry air, fall into all the difeafes that depend upon relaxation in a moifi one. Arbuthnot.
2. Ceffation of reflraint.
The fea is not higher than the land, as fome imagined the
fea flood upon heap higher than the fhore ; and at the deluge
a relaxation being made, it overflow’d the land. Burnet.
3. Remiflion ; abatement of rigour.
They childifhly granted, by common confent oftheir whole
fenate, under their town feal, a relaxation to one Bertelier,
whom the elderfhip had excommunicated. Hooker.
The relaxation of the Ratute of mortmain, is one of the
reafons which gives the bifhop terrible apprehenfions of po¬
pery coming on us. Swift.
4. Remiflion of attention or application.
As God has not fo devoted our bodies to toil, but that he
allows us fome recreation : fo doubtlefs he indulges the fame
relaxation to our minds. Government of the Tongue.
There would be no bufmefs in folitude, nor proper relax¬
ations in bufinefs. Addifon s Freeholder.
Rela'y. n.f. [relais, Fr.] Horfes on the road to relieve others.
To Relea se, v. a. [relafcher, relaxer, Fr. ]
1. To fet free from confinement or fervitude.
Pilate faid, whom will ye that I releafe unto you ? Mat.
You releas’d his courage, and fet free
A valour fatal to the enemy. Dryden.
Why fhould a reafonable man put it into the power of for¬
tune to make him miferable, when his anceftors have taken
care to releafe him from her ? Dryden.
2. To fet free from pain.
3. To free from obligation.
Too fecure, becaufe from death releas'd fome days. Milt.
4. To quit; to let go.
He had been bafe, had he releas’d his right.
For fuch an empire none but kings fliould fight. Dryden.
To relax ; to flacken. Not in ufe.
It may not feem hard, if in cafes of neceflity certain pro¬
fitable ordinances fometimes be releafed, rather than all men
always ftridtly bound to the general rigor thereof. Hooker.
Relea'se. n.f. [relafche, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Difmiffion from confinement, fervitude or pain.
O fatal fearch ! in which the lab’ring mind, ‘
Still prefs’d with weight of woe, ftill hopes to find
A fliadow of delight, a dream of peace.
From years of pain, one moment of rekafe. Prior.
2. Relaxation of a penalty.
3. Remiflion of a claim.
The king made a great feafl, and made a rekafe to the
provinces, and gave gifts. Eflh. ii. 18.
The king would not have one penny abated, of what had
been granted by parliament; becaufe it might encourage other
countries to pray the like releafe or mitigation. Bacon.
4. Acquittance from a debt ligned by the creditor.
To ReLegate. v. a. [releguer, Fr. relego, Lat.] Tobanilh;
to exile. _
Relega'tion. n.f. [relegation, Fr. relegatio, Lat.] Exile;
judicial banilhment.
According to the civil law, the extraordinary punilhment
of adultery was deportation or relegation. Aylijf\
To RELE'NT. v. n. [ralentir, Fr.]
1. To foften ; to grow lefs rigid or hard ; to give.
In fome houfes, fweetmeats will relent more than in
others. Bacon.
In that foft feafon, when defeending (how’rs
Call forth the greens, and wake the riling flow’rs;
When opening buds falute the welcome day,
And earth relenting feels the genial ray. Pope.
2. To melt; to grow moifl.
Crows feem to call upon rain, which is but the comfort
they feem to receive in the relenting of the air. Bacon.
Salt of tartar, brought to fufion, and placed in a cellar,
will, in a few minutes, begin to relent, and have its furface
foftened by the imbibed moifture of the air, wherein if it be
left long, it will totally be diffolved. , Boyle.
All nature mourns, the Ikies relent in fliow rs, ^
Hufli’d are the birds, and clos’d the drooping flow rs;
If Delia fmile, the flow’rs begin to fpring,
The Ikies to brighten, and the birds to fing. Pope.
2. To grow lefs intenfe. . .._^
I have marked in you a relenting truly, and a nackl ’g
the main career, you had fo notably begun, and almoR
PCThTworkmen let glafs cool by degrees in {uch relenting* of
fire, as they call their nealing heats, lefl it fhould ftivu 1
pieces by a violent fuccecding of air. Digby on Bodies.^
R E L REL
4c To (often in temper; to grow tender ; to feel companion.
Can you behold
My tears, and not once relent ? Shakefp. Henry V I.
I’ll not be made a loft and dull-ey d tool,
To (hake the head, relent, and ligh, and yield
To chriftian intercefibrs. Shakefp. Merck, of Venice.
Undoubtedly he will ;*/<?*/, and turn
From hisdifpleafure. Milton.
He lung, and hell confented
To hear the poet’s pray r ;
Stern Profperine relented,
And gave him back the fair. Pope.
To Rele'nt. v. a.
1. To flacken ; to remit. Obfolete.
Apace he (hot, and yet he fled apace,
And oftentimes he would relent his pace,
That him his foe more fiercely (hould purfue. Fa. Queen.
2. To foften ; to mollify. Obfolete.
Air hated earth, and water hated fire,
Till love relented their rebellious ire. Spenfer.
Relf. ntless. adj. [from relent.']
1. Unpitving ; unmoved by kindnefs or tyidernefs.
For this th’ avenging pow’r employs his darts;
Thus will perfift, lelentlefs in his ire.
Till the fair (lave be render’d to her fire. Dryden.
Why (hould the weeping hero now
Relentle s to their wifhes prove. Prior.
2. In Milton, it perhaps fignifies unremitted; intenfely fixed upon
difquieting objeCts.
Only in deftroying, I find eafe
To my telentlefs thoughts. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
RELEVANT, adj. [French.] Relieving. Diet.
Releva'tion. n.f [relevatio, Lat.] A railing or lifting up.
Reli ance, n.f. [from rely.] Truft; dependance; confi¬
dence ; repole of mind. With on before the objeCt of truft.
His days and times are paft,
And my reliance on his fraCted dates
Has fmit my credit. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
That pellucid gelatinous fubftance, which he pitches upon
with fo great reliance and pofitivenefs, is chiefly of animal
conftitution. Woodward.
He fecured and encreafed his profperity, by an humble be¬
haviour towards God, and a dutiful reliance oh his provijgHce. Atterbury s Sermons.
They afforded a fufficient convi&ion of this truth, and a
firm reliance on the promifes contained in it. Rogers.
Refignation in death, and reliance on the divine mercies,
give comfort to the friends of the dying. _ Clarijfa.
Misfortunes often reduce us to a better reliance, than that
we have been accuftomed to fix upon. ClariJJ'a.
RE'LICK. n.f. [reliquiae, Lat. relique, Fr.]
1. That which remains ; that which is left after the lofs or de¬
cay of the reft. It is generally ufed in the plural.
Up dreary dame of darknefs queen.
Go gather up the reliques of thy race,
Or elfe go them avenge. Fairy Queen, b. i.
Shall we go fee the relicks of this town. Shakfp.
The fragments, feraps, the bits and greafy reliques
Of her o’ereaten faith are bound to Diomede. Shakefp.
Nor death itfelf can wholly wa(h their ftains,
But long contracted filth ev’n in the foul remains ;
The relicks of inveterate vice they wear.
And (pots of fin. Drydenls Ends.
2. It is often taken for the body deferted by the foul.
What needs my Shakeipeare for his honour’d bones.
The labour of an age in piled (tones ;
Or that his hallow’d reliques (hould be bid
Under a ftar-ypointed pyramid. Milton.
In peace, ye (hades of our great grandfires, xeft;
Eternal fpring, and rifing flow’rs adorn
The relicks of each venerable urn. Dryden.
Shall our relieks fecond birth receive ?
Sleep we to wake, and only die to live ? Prior.
Thy relicks, Rowe, to this fair fhrine we truft.
And (acred place by Dryden’s awful duft ;
Beneath a rude and namelefs (tone he lies,
To which thy tomb (hall guide enquiring eyes. Pope.
3 That which is kept in memory of another, with a kind of
religious veneration.
Cowls flutter’d into rags, then reliques leaves
The lport of winds. . Milton.
This church is very rich in relicks; among the reft, they
(how a fragment of Thomas a Becket, as indeed there are
very few treafunes of reheks in Italy, that have no. a tooth or
a bone of this faint. Addifns Remarks on Italy.
Re'lickly. adv. [from rclick.] In the manner of reheks.
Thrifty wench ferapes kitchen ftuft.
And barreling the droppings and the inuft
Of wafting candles, which in thirty year
Rtliekly kept, perhaps buys wedding cheer. L onne.
Re Lie T. n.f. [relate, old Fr. rclida, Lat.J A widow; a
• ' wife defolate by the death of her hufband.
If the fathers and hufbands were of the houfhold of faith,
then certainly their relids and children cannot be (gangers in
this hoifthold. Sprat's Sennom.
Chafte relid !
Honour’d on earth, and worthy of the love
Of fuch a fpoufe, as now refides above. Garth.
RelieT. n.f [telief, Fr.]
V. The prominence of a figure in done or metal ; the Teeming
prominence of a picture.
The figures of many ancient coins rife up in a much more
beautiful relief than thofe on the modern ; the face finking
by degrees in the feveral declenfions of the empire, till about
Conftantine’s time, it lies almoft even with the furface of.the
medal. Addifon on Ancient Adeduls.
Not with fuch majefty, fuch bold relief
The forms auguft of kings, or conqu’ring chief.
E’er fwell’d on marble, as in verfe have (hin’d,
In polilh’d verfe, the manners and the mind. Pope.
2. The recommendation of any thing, by the interpofition of
fomething different.
3. Alleviation of calamity ; mitigation of pain or forrow.
Thoughts in my unquiet bread are rifen,
Tending to fome relief of our extremes. Milton.
4. That which frees from pain or forrow.
So (hould we make our death a glad relief
From future (hame. Dryden s Knight’s Tale.
Nor dar’d I to prefume, that prefs’d with grief,
My flight (hould urge you to this dire relief;
Stay, ftay your fteps. Dryden’s Ends.
5. Difmiftion of a fentinel from hjs poft.
For this relief, much thanks; ’tis bitter cold,
And I am fick at heart. Shakefp. Hamlet.
6. [Relevium, law Lat.] Legal remedy of wrongs.
Relie'vable. adj. [from relieve.] Capable of relief.
Neither can they, as to reparation, hold plea of things,
wherein the party is relievable by common law. Hale.
To RELIE'VE. \relevo, Lat. relever, Fr.]
1. To recommend by the interpofition of fomething diffimilar.
As the great lamp of day,
Through d iff’rent regions, does his courfe purfue.
And leaves one world but to revive a new ;
While, by a pleafing change, the queen of night
Relieves his luftre with a milder light. Stepney.
Since the inculcating precept upon precept will prove tirefome, the poet muft not encumber his poem with too much
bufinefs; but fometimes relieve the fubjeCt with a moral re¬
flection. Addifon’s EJfay on the Georgicks.
2. Tofupport; to aflift.
Parallels, or like relations, alternately relieve each other ;
when neither will pafs afunder, yet are they plauiible to¬
gether. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
3. To eafe pain or forrow.
4. To fuccour by aftiftance.
From thy growing (lore,
Now lend affiftance, and relieve the poor;
A pittance of thy land will fet him free. Dryden.
5. To fet a fentinel at reft, by placing another on his poft.
Honeft foldier, who hath relieved you ?
—Bernado has my place, give you good night. Shakefp
Relieve the centries that have watch’d all night. Dryden.
6. To right by law.
Relie'ver. n.f. [from relieve.] One that relieves.
Me is the proteCtor of his weaknefs, and the reliever of his
wants. Rogers's Sermons.
RELIE'VO. n.f. [Italian.] The p^minence of a figure or
piCIure.
A convex mirrour makes the objeCts in the middle come
out from the luperficies : the painter muft do fo in refpeCt of
the lights and (hadows of his figures, to give them more rflievo and more ftrength. Dryden s Dufrefioy.
To RelFght. v. a. [re and light.] To light anew.
His pow’r can heal me, and relight my eye. Pope.
RELPGION. n.f. [religion, Fr. religjo, Lat.]
1. Virtue, a^ founded upon reverence of God, and expectation
of future rewards and punifliments.
He that is void of fear, may foon be juft,
And no religion binds men to be traitors. Benj. Johnfon,
One fpake much of right and wrong,
Of juftice, of religion, truth and peace
And judgment from above. Milton.
If we confider it as directed againft God, it is a breach of
religion ; if as to men, it is an offence againft morality. South.
By her inform’d, we bed religion learn,
Its glorious objeCt by her aid difcern. Blackm:re.
Religion or virtue, in a large fenfe* includes duty to God
and our neighbour ; but in a proper fenfe, virtue fignifies
duty towards men, and religion duty to God. Watts.
2. A fyftem of divine faith and worfhip as oppofite to others.
The image of a brute, adorn’d
With gay religions, full of pomp and gold. Milton.
I he chriftian religion, rightly underftood, is the deepeft
and choiceft piece of philofophy that is. More.
21 N The
V
RE L R E L
The doctrine of the gofpel propofes to men fach glorious
rewards and fuch terrible punilhments as no religion ever did,
and gives us far greater aflurance of their reality and cer¬
tainty than ever the world had. Tillotfon.
Reli'gionist. n.f. [from religion.] A bigot to any religious
perfuafion.
The lawfulnefs of taking oaths may be revealed to the
quakers, who then will ftand upon as good a foot for prefer¬
ment as any other fubjedt ; under fuch a motly adminiftration, what pullings and hawlings, what a zeal and biafs there
will be in each religionijl to advance his own tribe, and deprefs the others. Swift.
RELI'GIOUS. adj. [rcligieux, Fr. religiofus, Lat.]
1. Pious; difpofed to the duties of religion.
It is a matter of found confequence, that all duties are by
fo much the better performed, by how much the men are
more religious, from whofe liabilities the fame proceed. Hook.
When holy and devout religious chriflians
Are at their beads, ’tis hard to draw them from thence ;
So fweet is zealous contemplation ! Shakefp.
Their lives
Religious titled them the fons of God. Milton.
2. Teaching religion.
He God doth late and early pray.
More of his grace than gifts to lend ;
And entertains the harmlefs day
With a religious book or friend. Wotton.
3. Among the Romanifts, bound by the vows of poverty, chaftity and obedience.
Certain fryars and religious men were moved with fome zeal,
to draw the people to the chriftian faith. Abbot.
France has vaft numbers of ecclefiafticks, fecular and re¬
ligious. Addifon s State of the War.
What the proteftants would call a fanatick, is in the Ro¬
man church a religious of fuch an order; as an Englifh mer¬
chant in Lifbon, after fome great difappointments in the
world, refolved to turn capuchin. Addifon.
4. Exadt; ftridt.
Reli'giously. adv. [from religious.']
1. Pioufly ; with obedience to the dictates of religion.
2. According to the rites of religion.
Thefe are their brethren, whom you Goths behold
Alive and dead, and for their brethren flain
Religioufy they afk a facrifice. Shakefp. Titus Andron.
3. Reverently ; with veneration.
Doft thou in all thy addrefles to him, come into his pre¬
fence with reverence; kneeling and religioufy bowing thyfelf
before him. Duppa’s Rules to Devotion'.
4. Exadtly ; with ftridt obfervance.
The privileges, juftly due to the members of the two houfes
and their attendants, are religioufy to be maintained. Bacon.
Religiousness, n.f. [from religious.] The quality or ftate
of being religious.
To RELINQUISH, v. a. [relinquo, Lat.]
1. To forfake ; to abandon ; to leave ; to defert.
The habitation there was utterly relinquijhed. Abbot.
The Englifh colonies grew poor and weak, though the
Englifh lords grew rich and mighty ; for they placed Irifh
tenants upon the lands relinquijhed by the Englifh. Davies.
2. To quit; to releafe ; to give up.
The ground of God’s foie property in any thing is,
the return of it made by man to God ; by which adt he relinquijhes and delivers back to God all his right to the ufe of
that thing, which before had been freely granted him by
God. South’s Sermons.
3. To forbear ; to depart from.
In cafe it may be proved, that amongft the number of rites
and orders common unto both, there are particulars, the ufe
whereof is utterly unlawful, in regard of fome fpecial bad
and noifom quality ; there is no doubt but we ought to relinquifo fuch rites and orders, what freedom foever we have to
retain the other Hill. Hooker, b.iv.f. 11.
Reli'nquishm'ent. n. f. [from relinquijh.] The adt of forfaking.
Government or ceremonies, or whatfoever it be, which is
popifh, away with it: this is the thing they require in us,
the utter relinquifoment of all things popifh. Hooker.
That natural tendernefs of confidence, which muft firft
create in the foul a fenfe of fin, and from thence produce a
forrow for it, and at length caufe a relinquijhment of it, is
took away by a cuftomary repeated courfe of finning. South.
Rf/LISH. n. f. [from relecher, Fr. to lick again. Minjhewy
Skinner.]
i. f aite ; the effect of any thing on the palate; it is commonly
tiled of a pleafmg taftc.
Under fharp, fweet and four, are abundance of immediate
peculiar relijhes or taftes, which experienced palates can eafily
difeern. Boyle on Colours.
I hefe two bodies, whofe vapours are fo pungent, fpring
from faltpetie, which betrays upon the tongue no heat nor
corrohvenels, but coldnefs mixed with a fomewhat languid
reljh retaining to bitternefs. Boyle.
n *•»
lvitUon.
Much pleafure we have loft, while we abffain’d
From this delightful fruit, nor known till now
True relijhy tailing.
Could we luppofe their rcllfoes as different there as neri
yet the manna in heaven fuits every palate. Lode.
Sweet, bitter, four, harfli and fait are all the epithets we
have to denominate that numberlefs variety of reiifoes to be
found diftindt in the different parts of the fame plant. Locke.
2. Talte ; fmall quantity juft perceptible.
1 he king becoming graces ;
As juftice, verity, temp’rance, ftablenefs,
Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude;
I have no relifo of them. “ Shakefp. Macbeth.
3. Liking; delight in any thing.
We have fuch a relifo for fadtion, as to have loft that of
Addifon’s Freeholder.
Good men after death are diftributed among thefe feveral
iflands with pleafures of different kinds, fuitable to the relijhes
and perfedtions of thofe fettled in them. Addijon’s Spectator.
4. Senfe ; power of perceiving excellence ; tafte.
A man, who has any relijh for fine writing, difeovers new
beauties, or receives ftronger impreffions from the mafterly
ftrokes of a great author every time he perufes him. Addifon.
Some hidden feeds of goodnefs and knowledge give him a
relijh of fuch refledfions, as improve the mind, and make
the heart better. Addifon's Spectator, Ng 262.
The pleafure of the proprietor, to whom things become
familiar, depends, in a great meafure, upon the relijh of the
fpedtator. Seed’s Sermons.
5. Delight given by any thing ; the power by which pleafure is
given.
Expectation whirls me round ;
Th’ imaginary relifo is fo fweet.
That it enchants my fenfe. Shakefp. Troilus and Crejfda.
When liberty is gone.
Life grows infipid, and has loft its relijh.
6. Caft; manner.
It preferves fome relijh of old writing.
To Re'lish. v. a. [from the noun.J
AddiJ1ijon’s Cato.
Pope.
2.
Dryden.
\
Shakefp.
Hudibras, p.
To give a tafte to any thing.
On fmoaking lard they dine ;
A fav’ry bit that ferv’d to relijh wine.
To tafte ; to have a liking.
I love the people ;
Though it do well, 1 do not relijh well
Their loud applaufe.
How will diflenting brethren relijh it ?
What will malignants fay ?
Men of nice palates would not relijh Ariftotle, as dreft up
by the fchoolmen. Baker’s Refeflions on Learning.
He knows how to prize his advantages, and relijh the ho¬
nours which he enjoys. Atterbury.
To Re'lish. v. n\
1. To have a pleafmg tafte.
The ivory feet of tables were carved into the Ihape of lions,
without which, their greateft dainties would not relijh to their
palates. Hakewill on Providence.
1. To give pleafure.
Had I been the finder-out of this fecret, it would not have
relifoed among my other diferedits. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale;
3. To have a flavour.
' A theory, which how much foever it may relifo of wit and
invention, hath no foundation in nature. Woodward.
Reli shable. adj. [from relijh.] Guftable; having a tafte.
To Reli've. v.n. [re znH live.] To revive; to live anew.
The thing on earth, which is of moft avail.
Any virtue’s branch and beauty’s bud.
Reliven not for any good. Spenfer.
To Relo've. v. a. [re and love.] To love in return.
To own for him fo familiar and levelling an affection as
love, much more to expedt to be reloved by him, were not
the leaft faucy prefumption roan could be guilty of, did not
his own commandments make it a duty. Boyle.
Relu'cent. adj. [relucens, Latin.] Shining; tranfparent;
pellucid.
In brighter mazes, the relucent ftream
Plays o’er the mead. Thomfcn’s Summer.
Fo Rklu ct. v. n. [reluflor, Lat.] To ftruc;gle again.
We, with ftudied mixtures, force our relufling appetites,
and with all the fpells of epicurifm, conjure them up, that we
may lay them again. Decay of Piety.
Relu'ctance. 1 n.f. [reluflor, Latin.] Unwillingnefs ; reRelu'ctancy. J pugnance; ftruggle in oppofition.
A little more weight, added to the lower of the marbles,
is able to furmount their rcluflancy to feparation, notwithintroducing a
Boyle.
HandingO
the luppofed danger of tnereby
vacuum.
It favours
Reluflcmce againft God, and his juft yoke
Laid on our necks.
Bear witnefs, heav’n, with what rcluflancy
Her haplefs innocence 1 doom to die.
Milton»
Dryden.
iEneas,
R E M
./Eneas, when forced in his own defence to kill Laufus,
the poet fliows compaffionate, and tempering the feverity of
his looks with a reluctance to the a£lion ; he has pity on his
beauty and his youth ; and is loth to deftroy fuch a mafterpiece of nature. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
How few would be at the pains of acquiring fuch an habit,
and of conquering all the tduelancics and difficulties that lay
in the way towards virtue. Atterbury.
Many hard ftages of difeipline mud he pafs through, before
he can fubdue the reluctances of his corruption. ° Rogers.
With great rcluCiancy man is perfuaded to acknowledge
this neceffity. Rogers's Sermons.
Reluct an i. adj. [icluCtans^ Lat.J Unwilling; ailing with
repugnance. a
ReluCtant; but in vain ! a greater pow’r
Now rul’d him. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. x.
Some refuge in the mufe’s art I found ;
ReluCtant now I touch’d the trembling firing
Bereft of him, who taught me how to ling. Pickell
To Relu'ctate. v. n. [reluCior, Lat.J To relift ; to ftru^ale
againft.
In violation of God’s patrimony, the firft facrilege is looked
on with fome horrour, and men devife colours to delude their
reluctating confciences ; but when they have once made the
breach, their fcrupulofity foon retires. Decay of Piety.
Relucta'tion. n, f. [reluClor, Latin.] Repugnance; reliftance. Q
The king prevailed with the prince, though not without
fome reluCiation. Bacon's Henry VII.
Adam s fin, or the curfe upon it, did not deprive him of
his rule, but left the creatures to a rebellion or reluCiation. Bac.
To Relume, v. a. To light anew ; to rekindle.
Relume her ancient light, nor kindle new. Pope.
To Relu'mine. v. a. To light anew.
Once put out thy light;
I know not where is that Promethean heat.
That can thy light relwnine. Shakefp. Othello.
To RELY', v. n. [re and lye.] To lean upon with confi¬
dence ; to put truft in ; to reft upon ; to depend upon.
Go in thy native innocence ! rely
On what thou haft of virtue ; fummon all !
For God tow’rds thee hath done his part, do thine. Milton.
Egypt does not on the clouds rely,
But to the Nile owes more than to the flcy. IValler.
Thus Solon to Pififtratus reply’d,
Demanded, on what fuccour he rely'd.
When with fo few he boldly did engage;
He faid, he took his courage from his age. Denham.
Though reafon is not to be relied upon, as univerfally
fufficient to diredl us what to do; yet it is generally to be
relied upon and obeyed, where it tells us what we are not
*° . South.
^ear relies upon a natural love of ourfelves, and is com¬
plicated with a neceffary defire of our own prefervation. 77//.
Such variety of arguments only diftraeft the underflandin^
that relics on them. Loch.
The pope was become a party in the caufe, and could not
be relied upon for a decifion. Atterbury.
Do we find fo much religion in the age, as to rely on the
general practice for the meafures of our duty ? Rogers.
No prince can ever rely on the fidelity of that man, who is
a rebel to his Creator. Ropers.
To REMAPN. v. n. [remanee, Lat.]
1. To be left out of a greater quantity or number.
1 hat that remains, fliall be buried in death. Job xxvii. 15.
Bake that which ye will bake to-day ; and that which re¬
mained: over, lay up until the morning. Ex. xvi. 23.
2. To continue ; to endure ; to be left.
He for the time remain'd ftupidly good. Milton.
If what you have heard, fliall remain in you, ye fhall con¬
tinue in the fon. ' r % o a
3. to be left after any event.
Childlefs thou art, childlefs remain. Milton.
Tn the families of the world, there remains not to one
above another the ieaft pretence to inheritance. Locke.
4. Not to be loft.
Now fomewhat fing, whole endlefs louvenance
Among the fhepherds may for aye remain. Sponfer.
I was increafed more than all that were before me, alfo my
wifdom remained with me. EccluJ'. ii. 9.
5. To be left as not comprised.
That a father may have fome power over his children, is
eafily granted ; but that an elder brother has lb over his bre¬
thren, remains to be proved. Locke.
To Rf.mai n. v. a. To await; to be left to.
Such end had the kid ; for he would weaned be
Of craft, coloured with fimplicity ;
And fuch end, pardie, does all them remain
That of fuch falfers friendfhip fhall be fain.
With oaken fluff
I’ll raife fuch outcries on thy clatter’d iron,
Which long fliall not withhold me from thy head,
That in a little time, while breath remains thee,
Spcnfeer.
REM
Thou oft Ihalt vvilyhyfelf at Qath to boafl.
But never fhalt fee Gath. Milton.
If thence he ’icape, what remains him left
Than unknown dangers. Milton^
The caller conquef! now
Remains thee, aided by this hoft of friends,
Back on thy foes more glorious to return. Milton.
Remain, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Relick ; that which is left. Generally ufed in the plural.
I grieve with the old, for fo many additional inconveniencies, more than their fmall remain of life feemed de fined to
undergo. Pope.
2. The body left by the foul.
But fowls obfeene difinembeTd his remains,
And dogs had torn him. Pope's Odyjfcy.
Oh would’!! thou fing what heroes Windfor bore.
Or raife old warriors, whole ador’d remains.
In weeping vaults, her hallow’d earth contains. Pope.
3- Abode; habitation. Not in ufe.
A moft miraculous work in this good king,
Which, often fince my here remain in England,
I’ve feen him do. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Remainder, adj. [from remain.] Remaining; refufe; left.
His brain
Is as dry as the remainder bifket
After a voyage. Shakefp. As You Like it.
We turn not back the lilies upon the merchant.
When we have fpoil d them ; nor the remainder viands
We do not throw in unrefpedlive place,
Becaufe we now are full. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
Remainder, n.f
1. What is left.
The gods protebl you.
And blefs the good remainders of the court! Shakefp.
A fine is levied to grant a reverfion or remainder, expe&ant
upon a leafe that yieldeth no rent. Bacon.
Mahomet’s crefcent by our feuds encreaft, •
Piaffed the learn’d remainders of the Eaff. Denham.
Could bare ingratitude have made any one fo diabolical,
had not cruelty came in as a lecond to its affiftance, and
cleared the villain’s bread of all remainders of humanity? South.
There are two reftraints which God hath put upon hu¬
man nature, fhame and fear ; fhame is the weaker, and hath
place only in thofe in whom there are fome remainders of
virtue. Tillotfon.
What madnefs moves you, matrons, to deftroy
The laft remainders of unhappy Troy ? Dryder.
If he, to whom ten talents were committed, has fquandered away five, he is concerned to make a double improve¬
ment of the remainder. Rogers.
If thefe decobtions be repeated till the water comes off
clear, the remainder yields no fait. Arbuthnot.
Of fix millions railed every year for the fervice of the publick, one third is intercepted through the feveral fubordinations of artful men in office, before the remainder is applied
to the proper ufe. Swift.
2. The body when the foul is departed ; remains.
Shew us
The poor remainder of Andronicus. Shakefp.
To Rema ke. v. a. [re and make.] To make anew.
That, which fhe owns above her, mull perfectly remake
us after the image of our maker. Glanvill's Apology.
To Rema'nd. v. a. [re and mando, Lat ] To fend back ; to
call back.
The better fort quitted their freeholds and fled into Eng¬
land, and never returned, though many laws were made to
remand them back. Davies on Ireland.
Philoxenus, for dcfpifmg fome dull poetry of Dionylius,
was condemned to dig in the quarries ; from whence bein»
remanded, at his return Dionyfius produced fome other of his
verfes, which as foon as Philoxenus had read, be made no
reply, but, calling to the waiters, faid, carry me again to
the quarries. Government of the Dengue.
Remanent, n.f [remaneris, Lat. remanant, old Fr. It is
now contracted to remnant.] 1 he part remaining.
Her majefty bought of his executrix the remanent of the laft
term of three years. Bacon
REMA'RK. n.f. [rcmarqiie, Fr.] Obfervation ; note; notice
taken.
He cannot diftinguifh difficult and noble fpeculations from
trifling and vulgar remarks. Collier on Pride.
To Remark. v,a. [iemarquery Fr.]
1. To note; to obferve.
It is- eafy to cb.etve what has been remarked, that the
names ot f.mple ideas are the leaf! liable to miitakes. Locke
i he pris ner Samfon here I feek.
~ manacles remark him, there he fits. Milton
2. To diftinguifh ; to point out; to mark
REMVttK^ut. adj. [remarkable, Fr.] Obfervable; worthy of
s° did Orphcuo plainly teach, that the world had beginr°ni *le the nidft high God, whofe re¬
markable words are thus converted. Raleigh.
’Lis
REM
’Tis remarkable, that they
Talk moft, who have the leaf! to fay. _ Prior.
What we obtain by converfation foon vanifhes, unlels we
hote down what remarkables we have found. JP atts.
Rf.ma/rkableness. n. f [from remarkable.] Obfervablcnefs j worthlnefs of oblervatiori.
T hey fignify the retncirkcihlctitjs of this punifhnicnt of the
Jews, as fignal revenge from the crucified Chrift. Hammond.
Rema'rkably. adv. [from remarkable.J Obfervably j in a
manner worthy of obfervation.
Chiefly allur’d.
Remarkably fo late, of thy fo true,
So faithful love. . . Milton.
Such parts of thefe writings, as may be remarkably ftupid,
fhould become fubje&s of an occafional criticifm. IVatts.
Rema'rker. n.f [remarkiUrt Fr.J Obferverj one that re¬
marks.
If the remarker would but once try to outfhine the author
by writing a better book on the fame fubjeCI, he would foon
be convinced of his own infufficiency. Watts.
Reme'diable. adj. [from remedy.J Capable of remedy.
Reme'diaTe. adj. [from remedy.] Medicinal j affording a
remedy. Not in ufe.
All you, unpublifh’d virtues of the earth,
Spring with my tears ; be aidant and remediate
In the good man’s diftrefs. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Rcme'diless. adj. [from remedy.\ Not admitting remedy j
irreparable j curelefs ; incurable.
Sad ./Efculapius
Imprifon’d was in chains remedilefs. Fairy fjhieen.
The war, grounded upon this general remedilefs neceffity,
may be termed the general, the remedilefs, or the neceflary
war. . Raleigh's EJfays.
We, by rightful doom remedilefs.
Were loft in death, till he that dwelt above
High-thron’d in fecretblifs, for us frail duft
Emptied his glory. Milton.
Flatter him it may, as thofe are good at flattering, who
are good for nothing elfe ; but in the mean time, the poor
man is left under a remedilefs delufion. South.
Reme'dilessness. n.f. [from remedilefs.'] Incurablenefs.
REME'DY. n. f. [remedium, Lat. remede, Fr.]
1. A medicine by which any ilnefs is cured.
The difference between poifons and remedies is eafily known
by their effe&s; and common reafon foon diftinguifhes be¬
tween virtue and vice. Swift.
2. Cure of any uneafinefs.
Here hope began to dawn ; refolv’d to try,
She fix’d on this her utmoft remedy. Dryden.
O how fhort my interval of woe !
Our griefs how fwift, our remedies how flow. Prior.
3. That which countera&s any evil.
What may be remedy or cure
To evils, which our «wn mifdeeds have wrought. Milton.
Civil government is the proper remedy for the inconve¬
niences of the ftate of nature. Locke.
Attempts have been made for fome remedy againft this
evil. Swiff4. Reparation ; means of repairing any hurt.
Things, without all remedy,
Should be without regard. Shakefp. Macbeth.
In the death of a man there is no remedy. Wijd. ii. 1.
To Reme'dy. v. a. [remedier, Fr.J
t. To cure j to heal.
Sorry we are, that any good and godly mind fhould be
grieved with that which is done ; but to remedy their grief,
lieth not fo much in us as in themfelves. Hooker.
2.To repair or remove mifehief.
To REME/MBER. v. a. [remembrer, old Fr. remembrare, Ital.j
r. To bear in mind any thing ; not to forget.
Remember not againft us former iniquities. Pf lxxix. 8.
2. To recoiled; to call to mind.
He having once leen and remembered me, even from thebeginning began to be in the rierward. . Sidney.
We are (aid to remember any thing, when the idea of it
arifes in the mind with a confcioufnefs that we have had this
idea before. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
3. To keep in mind ; to have prefent to the attention.
Remember what I warn thee, fhun to tafte j
And fhun the bitter confequence. Milton.
This is to be remembered, that it is not poflible now to
keep a young gentleman from vice by a total ignorance of
it; unlefs you will all his life mew him up. . Locke.
4. To bear in mind, with intent of reward or punifhment.
Cry unto God ; for you fhall be remembered of him. Bar.
He brings them back,
Rememb'ring mercy and his covenant fvvorn. Milton.
5. To mention ; not to omit.
A citation ought to be certain, in refped of the perfon
cited ; for, if f’uch certainty be therein omitted, fuch citation
is invalid, as in many cales hereafter to be remembered. Ayliffe.
6. To put in mind ; to force to recollect ; to remind.
His hand and leg commanding without threatning, and ra¬
ther remembering than chaftiling. Sidney.
REM
Joy, being altogether wanting,
It doth remember me the more of borrow. Sbakefp.
Fhefe petitions, and the anlwer of the common council of
London, were ample materials for a conference with the
lords, who might be thereby remembered of their duty. Clarcn.
Rememberer, n.f [from remember.] One who remembers.
A brave mafter to fervants, and a rememberer of the leafc
good office ; for his flock he tranfplanted molt of them into
plentiful foils. Wotton.
RemeMbrance. n.f [remembrance, Fr.J
1. Retention in memory.
Though Cloten then but young, time has not wore him
From my remembrance. Sbakefp. Cymbdine.
Thee I have heard relating what was done.
Ere my remembrance. Mil.on.
Had memory been loft with innocence,
We had not known the fentence nor th’ offence ;
’Twas his chief punifhment to keep in ftore
The fad remembrance what he was before. Denham.
Sharp remembrance on the Englifh part,
And fhame of being match’d by luch a foe.
Route confeious virtue up in every heart. Dryden.
This ever grateful in remembrance bear
To me thou ow’ft, to me the vital air. Pope's Odyffey.
2. Recollection ; revival of any idea.
I hate thy beams,
That bring to my remembrance from what ftate
I fell 5 how glorious once above thy fphere. Milton.
Remembrance is when the fame idea recurs, without the
operation of the like object on the external fenlory. Locke.
3. Honourable memory. Out of ufe.
Rolemary and rue keep
Seeming and favour all the winter long,
Grace and remembrance be unto you both. Sbakefp.
4. Tranfmiffion of a fad from one to another.
Titan,
Among the heavens, th’ immortal fad difplay’d.
Left the remembrance of his grief fhould fail.
And in the conftellations wrote his tale. Addifon.
5. Account preferved.
Thofe proceedings and remembrances are in the Tower,
beginning with the twentieth year of Edward I. Hale.
6. Memorial.
But in remembrance of fo brave a deed,
A tomb and funeral honours I decreed. Dryden.
7. A token by which any one is kept in the memory.
I have remembrances of yours,
That I hzfoe longed to redeliver. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Keep this remembrance for thy Julia’s fake. Shakejp.
8. Notice of fomething abfent.
Let your remembrance ftill apply to Banquo ;
Prefent him eminence, both with eye and tongue. Sbakefp.
Remembrancer, n.f. [from remembrance.]
1. One that reminds ; one that puts in mind.
Sweet remembrancer ! Sbakefp. Macbeth.
A fly knave, the agent for his mafter.
And the remembrancer of her, to hold
The hand fall to her lord. Sbakefp. Cymbdine.
God is prefent in the confciences of good and bad j he is
there a remembrancer to call our actions to mind, and a witnefs to bring them to judgment. Taylor.
Would i were in my grave ;
For, living here, you’re but my curs’d remembrancers:
I once was happy. Otwafs Vcnice Prejerv'd.
2. An officer of the exchequer.
All are digefted into books, and fent to the remembrancer of
the exchequer, that he make proceftes upon them. Bacon.
To Reme'rcie. v. a. [remercier, Fr.J Fo thank. Obfolete.
OfF’ring his lervice and his deareft life
For her defence, againft that earle to fight;
She him remercied, as the patron of her life. Spenfer.
To RE'MIGRATE. v. n. [remigro, Lat.J To remove back
again.
O
’ Some other ways he propofes to divert fome bodies of their
borrowed lhapes, and make them remigrate to their firft
fimplicity. Boyle.
Remigraticn. n.f. [from rmigrate.] Removal back again.
The Scots, tranfplanted hither, became acquainted with
our cuftoms, which, by occalional remigrations, became dilfufed in Scotland. Hale.
To Remi'nd. v. a. [re and mind.] To put in mind ; to force
to remember.
When age itfelf, which will not be defied, ftall begin to
arreft, feize and remind us of our mortality by pains and did -
nefs of fenfes; yet then the pleafure of the mind fhall be in
its full vigour. , , . South's Sermons.
I he brazen figure of the conful, with the ring on his
finger, reminded mo of Juvenal’s majons pondera gemmre
D Adatfon s Remarks on Italy.
Reminiscence, n.f. [rerninifeens, Latin.J Recollection ;
recovery of ideas.
I cart about for all circumftances that may revive my me¬
mory or reminfeemt. Hale S Origin oj Mankind.
2
R E M
For the other part of memory, called reminifcence, which
is the retrieving of a thing at prefent forgot, or but confufedly
refoembered, by fetting the mind to ranfack every little ceil
of the brain ; while it is thus bulied, how accidentally does
the thing fought for offer itfelf to the mind ? South.
Reminisce'ntial. adj. [from reminifcence.] Relating to reminifccncc.
Would truth difpenfe, we could be content with Plato,
that knowledge were but remembrance, that intelleftua! acquilition were but reminijcentud evocation. Brown.
Remi ss, adj. [ranis, Fr. remijfus, Lat.J
x. Not vigorous ; flack.
1 he water deferts the faid corpufcles, unlefs it flow forth
with a precipitate motion ; for then it hurries them out along
with it, till its motion becomes more languid and remifs.
XT r. _ , Woodward's Natural HiRory.
2. Not careful ; flothful.
Mad ire and wrathful fury makes me weep.
That thus we die, while remifs traitors fleep. Shakefp.
If when by God’s grace we have conquered the firft diffi¬
culties of religion, we grow carelefs and remifs, and negleft
our guard, God’s fpirit will not always ftrive with us. Tillotf.
Your candour, in pardoning my errors, may make me more
remfS' in correfting them. Drydcn.
3. Notintenfe.
Thefe nervous, bold, thofe languid and remifs;
Here cold falutes, but there a lover’s kifs. Rofcmmon.
Remi ssible, adj. [from remit.] Admitting forgivenefs.
Remission, n.f. [remijfion, Fr. remijfo, Lat.J
1. Abatement; relaxation; moderation.
Error, miiclaim and forgetfulnefs do now and then be¬
come luitois for fome remijfion of extreme rigour. Bacon.
2. Ceflation of intenfenefs.
In September and Oftober thefe difeafes do not abate and
remit in proportion to the remijfion of the fun’s heat. Woodw.
This difference of intention and remijfion of the mind in
thinking, every one has experimented in himfelf. Locke.
3. In phyfick, remijfion is when a diftemper abates, but does
not go quite off before it returns again.
4. Releafe.
ISot only an expedition, but the remijfion of a duty or tax,
were tranfmitted to pofterity after this manner. Addifon.
Another ground of the bifhop’s fears is the remijfion of the
firft fruits and tenths. Swift
5. Forgivenefs; pardon. J '
My pennance is to call Lucetta back,
And afk remijfion for my folly paft. ShakeIt
That plea
With God or man will gain thee no remijfion. Milton.
Many believe the article of remijfion of fins, but they be¬
lieve it without the condition of repentance or the fruits of
holy life. Taylor s Rule of Living Holy.
RemFssly. adv. [from remifs.]
1. Carelefly ; negligently y without clofe attention.
How fhould it then be in our power to do it coldy or remfsly f
fo that our defire being natural, is alfo in that degree of earneftnefs whereunto nothing can be added. Hooker.
2. Not vigoroufly ; not with ardour or eagernefs ; flackly. "
T here was not an equal concurrence in the profecution of
this matter among the bifhops; fome of them proceeding
more remfsly in it. Clarendon.
Remissness. n.f. [from remifs.] Careleftneft; negligence;
coldnefs ; want of ardour ; inattention.
Future evils.
Or new, or by remifsnefs new conceiv’d,
Are^now to have no fucceffive degrees. Shakefp.
No great offenders ’fcape their dooms ;
Small praife from lenity and remifsnefs comes. Denham.
Jack, through the remifsnefs of conftables, has always
found means to efcape. Arbuthnot’s Hi/lory of John Bull.
1 he great concern of God for our falvation, is fo far from
an argument of remifsnefs in us, that it ought to excite our
utmolt care.
nr 1? ti'A/TT/'T'' r • r Kogers s hermans. To REMF I. v. a. [remitto, Lat.J
1. To relax ; to make lefs intenfe.
So willingly doth God remit his ire. Milton.
Our fupreme foe may much remit
His anger; and perhaps thus far remov’d.
Not mind us not offending, fatisfy’d
With what is punifh’d. Milton
2. To forgive a punifhment.
With fuppliant pray’rs their pow’rs appeafe ;
The foft Napiean race will foon repent
Their anger, and remit the punifhment. Dryden.
The magiftrate can often, where the publick good demands
not the execution of the law, remit the punifhment of crimi¬
nal offences by his own authority, but yet cannot remit the
fatisfaftion due to any private man. Locke.
3. [Remettre, Fr.] To pardon a fault.
At my lovely Tamora’s intreats,
I do remit thefe young men’s heinous faults. Shakefp.
R E M
Whofe foever fins ye remit, they are remitted unto them r
and whofe foever fins ye retain, they are retained. Jo. xx. 2?.
4. To give up ; to refign.
In grievous and inhuman crimes, offenders fhould be re¬
mitted to their prince to be punifhed in the place where they
have offended. Hayward.
I'h’ /Egyptian crown I to your hands retnit;
And, with it, take his heart who offers it. Dryden.
Heaven thinks fit
Thee to thy former fury to remit. Dryden*s Tyran. Love.
5- [Remettre, ¥r.J To defer; to refer.
I he bifhop had certain proiid inftruftions in the front,'
though there were a pliant claufe at the foot, that remitted all
to the bifhop’s diferetion. Bacon’s Henry VII.
I remit me to themfelves, and challenge their natural inge¬
nuity to fay, whether they have not fometimes fuCh fhiverings
within them. Government of the Tongue.
6. To put again in cuffody.
This bold return with Teeming patience heard,
The pris’ner was remitted to the guard. Dryden.
7* To fend money to a diffant place.
They obliged themfelveS to remit after the rate of twelve
undred thoufand pounds fterling per annum, divided into fo
many monthly payments. “ Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
e. I o reftore. Not in ufe.
. The archbifhop was retained prifoner, but after a fhort
time remitted to his liberty. ’ Hayward.
I o Remi't. v. n.
1. To flacken ; to grow lefs intenfe.
When our paffions remit, the vehemence of our fpeech
remits too. ^ Broome’s Notes on the OdyJJey.
2. I o abate b’y growing lefs eager.
As, by degrees, they remitted of their induffry, loathed
their bufinefs, and gave way to their pleafures, they let fall
thofe generous principles, which had raifed them to worthy
.'r l*r, . . . South's Sermons.
3. In phyfick, to grow by intervals left violent, though not
wholly intermitting.
Remi'tment. n.f [from remit.] The aft of remitting to
cuftody.
Remittance, n.f. [from remit.]
1. The aft of paying money at a diffant place.
2. Sum fent to a diffant place.
A compaft among private perfons furnifhed out the feveral
remittances. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
Remi tter; n.f [remettre, Fr.] In common law, a reftitution of one that hath two titles to lands or tenements, and
is feized of them by his latter title, unto his title that is more
ancient, in cafe where the latter is defeftive. Cowel.
You faid, if I return’d next fize in Lent,
I fhould be in remitter of your grace ;
In th’ interim my letters fhould take place
, Of affidavits. Donnes
Remnant, n.f. [corrupted from remanent.] Refidue • that
which is left; that which remains.
Poor key-cold figure of a holy king !
Thou bloodlefs remnant of that royal blood,
Be’t lawful that I invocate thy ghoff ? Shakefp. Rich. III.
Bear me hence
From forth the noife and rumour of the field,
Where I may think the remnant of my thoughts. Shakefp.
About his fhelves
Remnants of packthread and old cakes of rofes
Were thinly fcatter’d. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
I was entreated to get them fome refpite and breathino- by
a ceflation, without which they faw no probability to preserve
the remnant that had yet efcaped. r King Charles
Their Andes are far higher than thofe with us; whereby it
feems that the remnants of the generation of men were in
fuch a deluge faved. rf
1 he remnant of my tale is of a length
To tire your patience. Dryden’s Knight’s Tale.
A feeble army and an empty fenate,
Remnants of mighty battles fought in vain. Addiron.
See the poor remnants of thefe flighted hairs ! J
My hands fhall rend what e’en thy rapine fpares. Pcpe
1 he frequent ufe of the latter was * remnant of po¬
pery, which never admitted feripture in the vulgar tongue.
Rf/mnant. adj. [corruptly formed frgm remanent.] RetS*
mg; yet left. J main“
It bid her feel
No future pain for me ; but inftant wed
A lover more proportion’d to her bed;
And quiet dedicate her remnant life
To the juft duties of an humble wife p •
Remolten. part, [from remit.] Melted again
JTks> whethfr ,"he crude mafac SteThe malrT, £(- ? made “J do not facilitate the making ol glafs win, kfs heat. Bacmi
21 O
ReMO'nsTR ANCEe
REM R E M
Remo'nstrance. n.f. [remonfranee, Fr. from remonjb'ated]
1. Show; difcovery. Not in ufe.
You may marvel, why I would not rather
Make rafh remonjirance of my hidden power.
Than let him be lo loft. Shakefp. MeaJi for Meaf.
2. Strong reprefentation.
The fame God, which revealeth it to them, would alfo
give them power of confirming it unto others, either with
miraculous operation, or with ftrong and invincible remon¬
jirance of found reafon. Hooker, b. v.f io.
A large family of daughters have drawn up a remonjirance,
in which they fet forth, that their father, having refufed to
take in the Spectator, they offered to ’bate him the article of
bread and butter in the tea-table. Addifon s Spedtator.
Importunate paflions furround the man, and will not fuffer
him to attend to the remonfraticcs of juftice. Rogers.
To REMO'NSTRATE. v. n. [remonjlro, Lat. remonjlrer,
Fr.J To make a ftrong reprefentation ; to fhow reafons on
any fide in ftrong terms.
RE'MORA. n.f. [Latin.]
1. A let or obftacle.
2. A fifli or a kind of worm that fticks to fhips, and retards
their paffage through the water.
Of fifties you ftiall find in arms the whale, herring, roach
and remora. Peacham on Blazoning.
The remora is about three quarters of a yard long ; his
body before three inches and a half over, thence tapering to
the tail end ; his mouth two inches and a half over ; his
chops ending angularly ; the nether a little broader; and
produced forward near an inch ; his lips rough with a great
number of little prickles. Grew.
To Remo'rate. v. a. [remoror, Latin.] To hinder; to
delay. Didi.
REMO/RSE. n.f. [remorfus, Lat.]
1. Pain of guilt.
Not that he believed they could be reftrained from that
impious abt by any remorfe of confcience, or that they had
not wickednefs enough to defign and execute it. Clarendon.
2. Tendernefs ; pity; fympathetick forrow.
Many little efteem of their own lives, yet, for remorfe of
their wives and children, would be withheld. Spenfer.
Shylock, thou lead’ft this fafhion of thy malice
To the laft hour of abt; and then ’tis thought,
Thou’lt ftiew thy mercy and remorfe more ftrange.
Than is thy ftrange apparent cruelty. Shakefp. Mer. ofVen.
The rogues flighted me into the river, with as little remorfe
as they would have drowned a bitch’s blind puppies. Shakefp.
Curfe on th’ unpard’ning prince, whom tears can draw
To no remorfe; who rules by lion’s law. Dryden.
Remo'rseful. adj. [remorfe andfull.] Tender; compaffionate.
O Eglamour, think not I flatter,
Valiant and wife, remorfeful, well accomplifh’d. Shakefp.
Love, that comes too late.
Like a remorfeful pardon flowly carried.
To the great fender turns a fowre offence. Shakefp.
The gaudy, blabbing, and remorfeful day
Is crept into the bofom of the fea. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Remorseless, adj. [from remorfe.] Unpitying; cruel; favage.
Where were the nymphs, when the remorfelefs deep
Clos’d o’er the head of your lov’d Lycidas. Milton.
O the inexpreffible horrour that will feize upon a finner,
when he Hands arraigned at the bar of divine juftice ! when
he fhall fee his accufer, his judge, the witneffes, all his re¬
morfelefs adverfaries. South's Sermons.
REMOTE, adj. [remotus, Lat.]
1. Diftant; not immediate.
In this narrow fcantling of capacity, it is not all remote and
even apparent good that affebts us. Locke.
2. Diftant ; not at hand.
3. Removed far off; placed not near.
Wherever the mind places itfelf by any thought, either
amongft, or remote from all bodies, it can, in this uniform
idea of fpace, no where find any bounds. Locke.
In quiet {hades, content with rural fports,
Give me a life, remote from guilty courts. Granville.
4. Foreign.
5. Diftant ; not clofely connected.
An unadvifed tranfiliency from the effebt to the remotejl
caufe. Glanvill.
Syllogifm ferves not to furnifh the mind with intermediate
ideas, that fhew the connexion of remote ones. Locke.
6. Alien ; not agreeing.
All thole propofitions, how remote foever from reafon, are
/acrec^ that men will fooner part with their lives, than
fuffer themfelves to doubt of them. Locke,
7. Abftrabted.
Remo i ely. adv. [from remote.] Not nearly ; at a diftance.
It is commonly opinioned, that the earth was thinly inha¬
bited, at leaff not 7emotely planted before the flood. Brown.
Two lines in Mezentius and Laufus are indeed retnotely al¬
lied to Virgil’s fenfe, but toe like the tendernefs of Ovid. Dry.
While the fainting Dutch remotely fire
In the firft front amidff a llaughter’d pile.
High on the mound he dy’d. Smith.
Remo'teness. n.f. [from remote.] State of being remote;
diftance ; not nearnefs.
The joys of heaven are like the ftafs, which by reafon of
our remotenefs appear extremely little. Boyle.
Titian employed brown and earthly colours upon the fore¬
part, and has relerved his greater light for reonotenejfes and the
back part of his landfchapes. V-ryden.
If the greateft part of bodies efcape our notice by their remotenejs, others are no lefs concealed by their minutenefs. Locke.
His obfeurities generally arife from the remotenefs of the
cuftoms, perfons and things he alludes to. Addifon.
RemoTion. n.f. [from remotus, Lat.] The act of remov¬
ing ; the ftate of being removed to diftance.
All this fafety were remotion, and thy defence abfence. Sha.
'Ehis abt perluades me,
’Tis the remotion of the duke and her. Shakefp.
The confequent ftribtly taken, may be a fallacious illa¬
tion, in reference to antecedency or confequence ; as to con¬
clude from the pofition of the antecedent unto the pofition of
the confequent, or from the remotion of the confequent to
the remotion of the antecedent. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Remo'vable. adj. [from remove.] Such as may be removed.
The Irifh bifhops have their clergy in fuch fubjebtion, that
they dare not complain of them ; for knowing their own in¬
capacity, and that they are therefore removeablc at their bifhop’s will, yield what pleafeth him. Spenfer.
I11 fuch a chapel, fuch curate is removeable at the pleafure
of the rebtor of the mother church. AylijJ'e's Parergon.
RemoVal. 7i. f. [from remove.]
1. The abt of putting out of any place.
By which removal of one extremity with another, the
world, feeking to procure a remedy, hath purenafed a mere
exchange of the evil before felt. Hooker.
2. The abt of putting away.
The removal of fuch a difeafe is not to be attempted by
abtive remedies, no more than a thorn in the flefh is to be
taken away by violence. Arbuthnot.
3. Difmiflion from a poft.
If the removal of thefe perfons from their pofts has pro¬
duced fuch popular commotions, the continuance of them
might have produced fomething more fatal. Addifon.
Whether his removal was caufed by his own fears or other
men’s artifices, fuppofing the throne to be vacant, the body
of the people was left at liberty to chufe what form of go¬
vernment they pleafed. Swift.
4. The ftate of being removed.
The fitting ftill of a paralytick, whilft he prefers it to a
removal, is voluntary. Locke.
To REMOTE, v. a. [removeo, Lat. remuer, Fr.]
1. To put from its place ; to take or put away.
Good God remove
The means that makes us ftrangers ! Shakefp. Macbeth.
He removeth away the fpeech of the trufty, and taketh
away the underftanding of the aged. Job xii. 20.
Remove thy ftroke away from me; I am confumed by the
blow. Pfalm xxxix. 13.
So would he have removed thee out of the ftraight into a
broad place. Job xxxvi. 16.
He longer in this paradife to dwell
Permits not; to remove thee I am come.
And fend thee from the garden forth to till
The ground. Milton's Paradife Lof, b. xi.
Whether he will remove his contemplation from one idea
to another, is many times in his choice. Locke.
You, who fill the blifsful feats above !
Let kings no more with gentle mercy fway.
But every monarch be the fcourge of God,
If from your thoughts Ulyffes you remove,
Who rul’d his fubjebts with a father’s love. Pope's Odyjfey.
2. To place at a diftance.
They are farther removed from a title to be innate, and the
doubt of their being native imprefiions on the mind, is
ftronger againft thefe moral principles than the other. Locke.
To Remo've. v. n.
1. To change place.
2. To go from one place to another.
A fhort exile mutt for fhow precede ;
The term expir’d, from Candia they remove,
And happy each at home enjoys his love. Dryden.
How oft from pomp and ftate did I remove
To feed defpair. Prior.
Remo ve, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Change of place.
2. Sufceptibility of being removed. Not in ufe.
What is early received in any confiderable ftrength of imprefs, grows into our tender natures; and therefore is of diffi¬
cult remove. Glanvill s ScepJ.
7
3.Tranflation
REM II E N
3. Tranflation of one to the place of another.
Rofaline, this favour thou (halt wear;
Hold, take you this, my fweet, and give me thine,
So lhall Biron take me for Rofaline :
And change your favours too ; fo fhall your loves
Woo contrary deceiv’d by thefe removes. Sbakefp.
4. State of being removed.
This place fhould be both fchool and univerfity, not need-
' ing a remove to any other houfe of fcholarflfip. Milton.
"He that confiders how little our confiitution can bear a
remove into parts of this air, not much higher than that we
breathe in, will be fatisfied, that the allwife architect has
fuited our organs, and the bodies that are to effedt them, one
to another. Locke.
Adi of moving a chefman or draught.
6. Departure; adt of going away.
So look’d ARrca, her remove defign’d.
On thole diffrefled friends fhe left behind. Waller.
7. The adt of changing place.
Let him, upon his reonoves from one place to another, pro¬
cure recommendation to fome perfon of quality refiding in
the place whither he removeth. Bacon's Ejjays.
5. A flop in the fcale of gradation.
In all the vifible corporeal world, quite down from us, the
defcent is by eafy Reps, and a continued feries of things, that
in each remove differ very little one from the other. Locke.
A freeholder is but one remove from a legiflator, and ought
to {land up in the defence of thofe laws. Addifon.
9. A final1 diliance.
The fiercefl contentions of men are between creatures equal
in nature,' and capable, by the greateft diftindtion of circumflances, of but a very fmall remove one from another. Rogers.
10. Adt of putting a horfe’s fhoes upon different feet.
His horfe wanted two removes, your horfe wanted nails. Sw.
Remo'ved. particip. adj. [from remove.] Remote; feparate
from others.
Your accent is fomething finer, than you could purchafe in
fo removed a dwelling. Shakefp. As You Like it.
Remo'vedness. n.f. [from removed.] The Rate of being
removed; remotenefs.
I have eyes under my fervice, which look upon his removednefs. Sbakefp.
Remo'ver. n.f. [from remove.] One that removes.
The miflayer of a merflone is to blame; but the unjuR
judge is the capital remover of landmarks, when he defineth
amifs. Bacon.
HaRy fortune maketh an enterprifer and remover, but the
exercifed fortune maketh the able man. Bacon.
To Remou'nt. v. n. [remonter, Fr.] To mount again.
Stout Cymon fcon remounts, and cleft in two
His rival’s head. Dryden.
The refi remounts with the afeending vapours, or is wafhed
down into rivers, and tranfmitted into the lea. Woodward.
Remu'nerable. adj. [from remunerate.] Rewardable.
To REMU'NERATE. v. a. [:remunero, Lat. remunerer, Fr]
To reward ; to repay ; to requite ; to recompenfe.
Is flie not then beholden to the man,
That brought her for this high good turn fo far ?
Yes ; and will nobly remunerate. Shakefp. Titus Andron.
Money the king thought not fit to demand, becaufe he had
received fatisfadtion in matters of fo great importance ; and
becaufe he could not remunerate them with any general par¬
don, being prevented therein by the coronation pardon. Bacon.
In another parable, he reprefents the great condefcenfions,
wherewith the Lord fhall remunerate the faithful fervant. Boyle.
Remuneration, n.f. [remuneration, Fr. remuneration Lat.]
Reward ; requital; recompenfe ; repayment.
Bear this fignificant to the country maid, Jaquenetta ; there
is remuneration; for the beR ward of mine honour is reward¬
ing my dependants. Shakefp. Love's Labour Lojl.
He begets a fecurity of himfelf, and a carelefs eye on the
laR remunerations. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
A collation is a donation of fome vacant benefice in the
church, efpecially when fuch donation is freely beflowed
without any profpedt of an evil remuneration. Ayliffe.
Remunerative, adj. [from remunerate.] Exercifed in giving
rewards.
The knowledge of particular adtions feems requifite to the
attainment of that great end of God, in the manifeffation of
his punitive and remunerative juRice. Boyle.
To Remu'RMUR. v. a. [re and murmur.] To utter back in
Qiurmurs ; to repeat in low hoarfe founds.
Her fate is wbifper’d by the gentle breeze.
And told in fighs to all the trembling trees ;
The trembling trees, in ev’ry plain and wood.
Her fate remurmur to the River flood. Pope.
To Remu'rmur. v. n. [remurmuro, Lat ] To murmur back;
to echo a low hoarfe found.
Her fellow nymphs the mountains tear
With loud laments, and break the yielding air ;
The realms of Mars remurmur'd all around,
And echoes to th’ Athenian (hoars rebound, Dryden.
His untimely fate, th’ Angitian woods
In fighs remurmur'd to the Fucine floods. Dryden.
Rena'rd. n.f [renard, a fox, Fr.] The name of a fox in
fable.
Before the break of day,
Renard through the hedge had made his way. Dryden.
Rena'scent. adj. [renafeens, Lat.] Produced again; riling
again into being.
Rena scible. adj. [renafeor, Lat.] Poflible to be produced
again.
To Rena'vigate. [reand navigate.] To fail again.
Rencou'nter* n. J. [rencontre, Fr.]
1. Cla(h; collifion.
You may as well expedt two bowls (hould grow fenfible by
rubbing, as that the rencounter of any bodies lhould awaken
them into perception. Collier.
2. Perfonal oppofition.
Viigil s friends thought fit to alter a line in Venus’s fpecch,
that has a relation to the rencounter. Addifon.
So when the trumpet founding gives the fign.
The juffling chiefs in rude rencounter join:
So meet, and fo renew the dextrous fight;
Their clattering arms with the fierce (hock refou.nd. Gran.
3; Loofe or cafual engagement.
The confederates (hould turn to their advantage their appa¬
rent odds in men and horfe; and by that means out-number
the enemy in all rencounters and engagements. Addijon.
4. budden combat without premeditation. J
To Rencounter, v. n.J rencontrer, Fr,]
1. To clafh ; to collide.
2. To meet an enemy unexpectedly.
3. To fkirmi(h with another.
4. To fight hand to hand.
v‘ a' Pret' andpret. paff. rent, [penban, Saxon.]
1 o tear with violence ; to lacerate.
Will you hence
Before the tag return, whofe rage doth rend
Like interrupted waters, and o’erbear
What they are ufed to bear. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
He rent a lion as he would have rent a kid, and he had nothing in his hand. jui xivI will not rend away all the kingdom, but give one tribe to
1 ^ <^1' , , 1 Kings xi, 13.
By the found rer s Rroke it from th’ root is rent.
So fore the blows, which from high heaven are fent. Cowley.
What you command me to relate,
Renews the fad remembrance of our fate.
An empire from its old foundations rent. Drvden
Look round to fee ;
The lurking gold upon the fatal tree;
Then rend it off. Dryden's JEneis.
is it not as much reafon to fay, when any monarchy was
mattered to pieces, and divided amongfi revolted fobjedts,
that God was careful to preferve monarchical power, by
rending a fettled empire into a multitude of little o-overnments. L(Jck^
When its way th’ impetuous paffion found,
I rendmy trefles, and my breafi I wound. P0pe.
' From cloud to cloud the rending lightnings rage. Thomf.
Render, n.f. [from rend.] One that rends ; a tearer.
To Re nder. v. a. [rendre, Fr.]
I* To return ; to pay back.
What (hall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits. Pf.
They that render evil for good are adverfaries. Pf. xxxviii.
Will ye render me a recompenfe ? Joel iii. 4.
Let him look into the future Rate of blifs or mifery, and
fee there God, the righteous judge, ready to render every man
according to his deeds. 1,
2. To reflore ; to give back.
Hither the feas at Rated times refort,
And (hove the loaden veflels into port;
Then with a gentle ebb retire again,
And render back their cargo to foe main. Addifon.
3. To give upon demand. " J
The fluggard is wifer in his own conceit, than feven men
that can render a reafon. Proverbs xxvi. 16.
4. To inveR with qualities ; to make.
Becaufe the nature of man carries him out to adtion, it is
no wonder if the fame nature renders him felicitous about the
^ue‘ South s Sermons.
Love
Can, anfwer love, and render blifs fecure. Thom^
5. Toreprefent; to exhibit. J 5
I heard him fpeak of that fame brother,
And he did render him the moR unnatural
That liv’d ’mongR men. o; , -
6. To tranflate. Sbakefp,
Render it in the Englifo a circle • ~ 1
dered a fohere „ 5 ,Ltls mare truly rent_r 1 j • j c n hiurnet s Theory of the Eatth.
a„d*cvmh,l dC:r.er'dca ?f fiftrumf a curry-comb
them byb ’ W lC ’ ** “antes ilia,entries rtnler
* Locke.
He
REN
He ufes only a prudent diffimulation ; the word we may almoft literally render matter of a great prefence of mind.
Broome's Notes on the Odyjfey.
7* "T ° furrender ; to yield ; to give up.
I will call him to fo ttrittt account,
1 hat he fhall render every glory up.
Or I will tear the reck’ning from his heart. Shakefp.
My lend’ring my perfon to them, may engage their affec¬
tions to me. King Charles.
One, with whom he ufed to advife, propofed to him to
render himfelf upon conditions to the earl of EfTex. Clarendon.
Would he render up Hermione,
And keep Aftyanax, I fhould be blett! A. Philips.
8. To otter ; to give to be ufed.
Logick renders its daily fervice to wifdom and virtue. Watts.
Re'ndER. n.f. [from the verb.] Surrender.
Newnefs
Of Cloten’s death, we being not known, nor mutter’d
Among the bands, may drive us to a render. Shakefp.
Rendezvous, n.f. [rendez vous, Fr.J
1. Aflembly ; meeting appointed.
A commander of many fhips fhould rather keep his fleet
together, than have it fevered far afunder ; for the attendance
of meeting them again at the next rendezvous would confume
time and visual. Raleigh’s Apology.
2. A fign that draws men together.
1 he philofophers-ftone and a holy war are but the rendez¬
vous of cracked brains, that wear their feather in their head
inttead of their hat. Bacon.
3. Place appointed for aflembly.
The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together
to a rendezvous at Marlborough. Clarendon.
This was the general rendezvous which they all got to,
and, mingling more and more with that oily liquor, they
fucked it all up. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
To Rendezvous, v. n. [from the noun.] To meet at a place
appointed.
Rendition, n.f. [from render.] Surrendering; the a& of
yielding.
Renega'do. }”•/ \-reneZad°, Spanifh; renegat, Fr.]
1. One that apoftatifes from the faith ; an apoflate.
There lived a French renegado in the fame place, where
the Caftilian and his wife were kept prifoners. Addifon.
2. One who deferts to the enemy ; a revolter.
Some ftraggling foldiers might prove renegadoes, but they
would not revolt in troops. Decay of Piety.
If the Roman government fubfifted now, they would have
had renegade feamen and fhipwrights enough. Arbuthnot.
To Rene ge. v. a. [renego, Lat. renier, Fr.] To difown.
His captain’s heart.
Which, in the feuffles of great fights, hath burft
The buckles on his breaft, reneges all temper. Shakefp.
. Such finding rogues as thefe footh every paflion,
Renege, affirm, and turn their halcyon beaks
With every gale and vary of their matters. Shakefp.
The defign of this war is to make me renege my confidence
and thy truth. King Charles.
To RENE/W. v. a. [re and new ; renova, Lat.]
j. To renovate ; to rettore the former ftate.
In fuch a night
Medea gather’d the enchanted herbs,
That did renew old Tfon. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
It is impoffible for thofe that were once enlightened—if
they {hall fall away to renew them again unto repentance.
Hebrews vi. 6.
Let us go to Gilgal, and renew the kingdom there. 1 Sam.
Renew’d to life, that {he might daily die,
I daily doom’d to follow. Dryelen’s Theo. and Honor.
2. To repeat; to put again in adft.
Thy famous grandfather
Doth live again in thee ; long may’ft thou live,
To bear his image, and renew his glories ! Shakefp.
The body percufled hath, by reafon of the percuffion,
a trepidation wrought in the minute parts, and fo reneweth
the percuffion of the air. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
The bearded corn enfu’d
From earth unalk’d, nor was that earth renew’d. Dryden.
3. To begin again.
The laif great age, foretold by facred rhymes.
Renews its finifh’d courfe, Saturnian times
Rowl round again. Dryden’s Virgil's Pajlorals.
4. In theology, to make anew ; to transform to new life.
Re ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye
may prove what is that perfed will of God. Rom. xii. 2.
Rene wabi.e. adj. [from renew.] Capable to be renewed.
1 he old cuttom upon many eftates is to let for lcafes of
lives, renewable at pleafure. Swift’s Mifcellanies.'
Renewal, n.f. [horn renew.] The adt of renewing; reno¬
It behoved the deity, perilling the purpofe of mercy to
mtmhnd, to renew that revelation from time to time, and to
redtify abufes, with fuch authority for the renewal and retfiR E N
fication, as was fufficient evidence of the truth of what wa¬
revealed. Forbes
Reni'tency. n.f. [from renitent.] That refiflance in fiffid
bodies, when they prefs upon, or are impelled one avaintt
another, or the refiflance that a body makes on account of
weight. J <3 • DVMVTI'XT'r ... Spuincy.
KEinI I EN I . adj. [renitens, Lat.] Adting asraintt any impulfe by daftick power. J
Ly an inflation of the mufcles, they become foft, and vet
renitent, like lo many pillows, diffipating the force of the
preflure, and fo taking away the ionic of pain. Ray.
Re'nnet. n.f. See Runnet. J
A putredinous ferment coagulates all humours, as milk with
rennet is turned. Floyer on the Humours.
Rennet. 1 n.f. [properly reinette, a little queen.J A kind
Rene'ting. \ of apple.
A golden rennet is a very pleafant and fair fruit, of a yel¬
low' fluflh, and the bett of bearers for all forts of foil; of
which there are two forts, the large fort and the fmall. Mart.
Ripe pulpy apples, as pippins and rennetings, arc of a
fyrupy tenacious nature. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
To RE'NOVA ! E. v. a. [renovo, Lat.j I o renew; to re¬
ttore to the firft ftate.
All nature feels the renovating force
Of winter, only to the thoughtlefs eye
In ruin feen. _ Thomfons Winter.
Renova tion. n.f [renovation, Fr. renovatio,Lat.] Renewalthe act: of renewing; the ftate of being renewed.
Sound continueth fome fmall time, which is a renovation,
and not a continuance; for the body percufled hath a trepi¬
dation wrought in the minute parts, and fo reneweth the peicuffion of the air. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
The kings entered into fpeech of renewing the treaty;
the king faying, that though king Philip’s perfon W’ere the’
fame, yet his fortunes were raifed; in which cafe a renovation
of treaty was ufed. Bacon’s Henry VII.
To fecond life,
Wak’d in the renovation of the juft,
Refigns him up, with heav’n and earth renew’d. Milton
To RENOUNCE. V. a. [renoncer, Fr. renuncio, Lat.]
1. To difowm ; to abnegate.
From Thebes my birth I own ; and no difgrace
Can force me to renounce the honour of my race. Dryden.
2. To quit upon oath.
This world I do renounce; and in your fights
Shake patiently my great affii&ion off. Shakefp. K, Lear.
To Renounce, v. n. To declare renunciation. The fol¬
lowing paflage is a mere Gallicifm ; renoncer a monfang.
On this firm principle I ever flood ;
He of my fons, who fails to make it good.
By one rebellious adl renounces to my blood. Dryden.
Renouncement, n.f [from renounce.] A& of renouncing •
renunciation.
I hold you as a thing enfkied and fainted ;
By your renouncement, an immortal fpirit. Shakefp.
RENO/WN. n.f. [renommee, Fr.] Fame; celebrity; nraife
widely fpread.
She
Is daughter to this famous duke of Milan,
Ol whom fo often I have heard renown. Shakefp.
’Tis of more renown
To make a river, than to build a town. Waller.
Nor envy we
Thy great renown, nor grudge thy viaory. Dryden.
To Reno'wn. v. a. [renommer, Fr. from the noun.] To
make famous.
Let us fatisfy our eyes
With the memorials and the things of fame.
That do renown this city. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Soft elocution does thy ftyle renown,
Gentle or {harp according to thy choice,
To laugh at follies, or to lafh at vice. Dryden,
In folemn filence ftand
Stern tyrants, whom their cruelties renozvn,
And emperors in Parian marble frown. Addifon.
A bard, whom pilfer’d paftorals renozvn,
Juft writes to make his barrennefs appear. Pope.
Renowned, particip. adj. [from renown.] Famous; cele¬
brated; eminent; famed.
Thefe were the renowned of the congregation, princes of
the tribes, heads of thoufands. Num. i. 16.
That thrice renowned and learned French king, finding Pe¬
trarch’s tomb without any infeription, wrote one himfelf;
faying, {hame it was, that he who fung his miftrefs’s praile
feven years before her death, Ihould twelve years want an
epitaph. Pcacham on Poetry.
The reft were long to tell, though far renown’d. Milton.
Of all the cities in Romanian lands.
The chief and molt renown'd Ravenna ftands,
Adorn’d in ancient times with arms and arts. Dryden.
Ilva,
An ifle renown’d for flee! and unexhauffied mines. Dryden.
Rent.
V l? P
XV ll> I
Rent. ft [from rend.] A break ; a laceration.
Thou viper
Haft cancell’d kindred, made a rent in nature,
And through her holy bowels gnaw’d thy way,
Through thy own blood to empire. ' Drydm.
He who lees this vaft rent in Co high a rock, how the con¬
vex parts ol one fide exadily tally with the concave of the
other, muft be fatisfied, that it was the efFedt of an earth¬
quake. Addijon s Remarks on Italy.
Io Rr.NT. a% [lathci to rend.] ] o tear \ to lacerate.
A time to. rent, and a time to few. Eccluf. iii 7.
To Rent. v.n. [now written rant.} To roar; toblufter :
v.e ftill lay, a tearingfellow, for a noify bully.
He ventur’d to difmifs his fear,
That partings wont to rent and tear,
And give the defperateft attack
To danger ftill behind its back. Hudibras, fi. iii.
RENT. n.J. [rente, Fr.] 1
1. Revenue; annual payment.
Idol ceremony,
A v hat are thy rents P what are thy comings in ?
O ceremony fhew me but thy worth ! ''Shakefp. Hen. V.
I bought an annual rent or two,
^ And live juft as you fee I do. Pope's Epijl. of Pbrace.
2. Money paid for any thing held of another.
Such is the mould, that the bleft tenant feeds
On precious fruits, and pays his rent in weeds. Waller.
Folks in mudwall tenement,
Prefent a peppercorn for rent. Prior.
To Rent. v. a. [renter, Fr.]
1. To hold by paying rent.
When a fervant is called before his matter) it is often to
know, whether he patted by fuch a ground, if the old man,
who rents it, is in good health. ° Addifon’s Spectator.
2. To let to a tenant.
Rf/ntable. adj. [from rent.] That may be rented.
Rental. n.J'. [from rent.] Schedule or account of rents.
Re'nteR. n.f [from rent.] He that holds by paying rent.
The eftate will not be let for one penny more or lefs to the
. renter, amongft whomfoever the rent he pays be divided. Locke.
Renve'rsed. adj. [renverfe, Fr.] Overturned. Spenfer.
Renunciation, n.f. [renunciation from renuncio, Lat.] The
add of renouncing.
He that loves riches, can hardly believe the dodirine of
poverty and renunciation of the world. Taylor.
To REORDATN. v. a. ^ [feordiner, Fr. re and ordain.] To
ordain again, on fuppofition of fome defedl in the commillion
of miniftry.
ReordinaTion. n.f [from reordain.] Repetition of ordi¬
nation.
He proceeded in his miniftry without expediting any new
miflion, and never thought himfelf obliged to a reordination.
_ Atterbury.
To Repa'cifv. v. a. [re and pacify.] To pacify again.
Henry, who next commands the ftate.
Seeks to repacify the people’s hate. Daniel.
Repai'd. part, of repay.
To REPAFR. V: a. [reparo, Lat. reparcr, Fr.]
1. To reftore after injury or dilapidation.
Let the priefts repair the breaches of the houfe. 2 Kings.
The fines impofed were the more repined againft, becaufe
they were aftlgned to the rebuilding and repairing of St.
Paul’s Church. _ . Clarendon.
Heav’n Coon repair’d her mural breach. Milton.
2. To amend any injury by an equivalent.
He juftly hath driv’n out his rebel foes
To deepefd hell ; and to repair their lofs
Created this new happy race of men. Miltons Par. Loft.
3* To fill up anew', by fomething put in the place of what is
loft. *
To be reveng’d.
And to repair his numbers thus impair’d. Milton.
RepaFr. n.J. [from the verb.] Reparation ; Amply of lofs :
reftoration after dilapidation.
Before the curing of a ftronw difeafe,
Ev’11 in the inftant of repair and health,
The fit is ftrongeft. Shakefp. King Lear.
Temperance, in all methods of curing the gout, is a re¬
gular and Ample diet, proportioning the daily repairs to the
daily decays of our wafting bodies. Temple's Mifcellanies.
All automata need a frequent repair of new ftreno-th the
caufes whence their motion does proceed, being fubjedf to
fail. Wilkins’s MathematicalMaKck.
To Repai'r. v.n. [repairer, Fr.] To go to; to betake him¬
felf.
May all to Athens back again repair. Shakefp.
Depart from hence in peace,
Search the wide world, and where you pleafe repair . Dryd.
’ Pis fix’d ; th’ irrevocable doom of Jove :
Hafte then, Cyllenius, through the liquid air,
Co mount the winds, and to the ftiades repair. Pope.
Repair, n.f. [repaire, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Refort; abode.
REP
So ’(capes th’ infulting fire his narrow jail.
And makes fmall outlets into open air ;
There the fierce winds his tender force afTail,
And beat him downward to his firft repair. Dryden.
2. Add of betaking himfelf any whither.
The king lent a proclamation for their repair to their
houfes, and for a prefervation of the peace. Clarendom
Repairer. n.f. [from repair.] Amender; reftorer.
He that governs well, leads the blind, but he that teaches*
gives him eyes; and it is a glorious thing to have been the
repairer of a decayed intellect. South’s Sermons.
O facred reft !
O peace of mind ! repairer of decay,
Whofe balms renew the limbs to labours of the day. Dryd.
Repa'ndous. adj. [repandus, Lat.] Bent upwards. 1
T hough they be drawn repandous or convexedly crooked in
one piece, yet the dolphin that carrieth Arion is concavoufly
inverted, and hath its fpine deprefted in another. Brown.
Re'parable. adj. [reparable, Fr. reparabilis, Lat.] Capable
of being amended, retrieved, or fupplied by fomething
equivalent.
T he parts in man’s body eafily reparable, as fpirits, blood
and flefh, die in the embracement of the parts hardly repa¬
rable, as bones, nerves and membranes. Bacon.
When its fpirit is drawn from wine, it will not, by the
1 e-union of its conftituent liquors, be reduced to its priftine nature ; becaule the workmanfhip of nature, in the difpofition of the parts, was too elaborate to be imitable, or re¬
parable by the bare appofition of thofe divided parts to each
ot^r* Boyle.
An adulterous perfon is tied to reftitution of the injury, fo
far as it is reparable, and can be made to the wronged perfon ;
to make provifion for the children begotten in unlawful embraces. Taylor s Rule of Living Holy.
Re parably. adv. [from reparable.] In a manner capable of
remedy by reftoration, amendment or fupply.
Reparation, n.f [reparation, Fr. reparatio, from reparo, Lat.]
1. The adt of repairing.
Antonius I hilolophus took csre of the reparation of the
highways. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. Supply of what is wafted.
When the organs of fenfe want their due repofe and neceffary reparations, the foul exerts herfelf in her feveral fa¬
culties. Addifon.
In this moveable body, the fluid and folid parts muft: be
confumed ; and both demand a conftant reparation. Arbuthnot.
3. Recompenfe for any injury ; amends. '
The king fnould be able, when he had cleared himfelf, to
make him reparation. Bacon.
1 am fenuble of the fcandal I have given by my loofe wri¬
tings, and make what reparation I am able. Dryden.
Rhpa ra nvE. n. f. [from repair.] Whatever makes amends
for lofs or injury.
New preparatives were in hand* and partly reparatives of
the former beaten at fea. IVbtton’s Buckingham.
Repartee’, n.f. [repartie, Fr.] Smart reply.
The fools overflowed with (mart repartees, and were only
diftinguiftied from the intended wits, by being called cox¬
combs. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
Sullen was Jupiter juft now :
And Cupid was as bad as he ;
Hear but the younfter’s repartee. Prior.
Ho Repartee', v. n. To make (mart replies.
High flights fhe had, and wit at will.
And fo her tongue lay feldom ftill;
For in all vifits who but (he,
To argue, or to repartee? Prior.
To Repa'ss. v. a. [repajfer, Fr.] To pafs again ; to pafs back.
Well we have pafs’d, and now repafs’d the feas,
And brought defir’d help. Shakefp. Henry VI.
We ftiall find fmall reafon to think, that Abraham paffed
and repajfed thofe ways more often than he was enforced fo to
do, if we confider that he had no other comforter in this
wearifom journey, than the ftrength of his faith in God. Ral.
If his foul hath wing’d the deftin’d flight,
Homeward with pious fpeed repafs the main,
To the pale fliade funereal rites ordain. Pope’s Odyffey.
To Repa'ss. v. n. To go back in a road.
^ Five girdles bind the fkies, the torrid zone
Glows with the pafling and repajfing fun. Dryden.
Repa'st. n.f [repas, Fr. re and pajlus, Lat.]
1. A meal ; adt of taking; food.
From dance to fvveet ret af they turn
Defirous ; all in circles as they flood.
Tables are fet. Milton's Paradife Lofl b v
Of o7Attick fAATKHI f’“" fea(t US’ ljSh: and Choicef ’ ' ‘ tafte, with wine.
Sleep, that is thy befti epajl.
Yet of death it bears a tafte,
And both are the fame thing at laft. Denham.
I he day
ad fununon d him to due repajl at noon. Dryden<
P Keep
I
REP REP
Keep regular hours for repajl and deep. Arbuthnot.
2.Food ; vifttials.
Go, and get me Tome repajl;
I care not what, fo it be wholfome food. Shakefp.
To Repast, v. a. [rcpaijlre, Fr. from the noun.] To feed ,
to feaft.
To his good friends I’ll ope my arm,
And, like the kind life-rend’ring pelican,
Repajl them with my blood. Shakefp.
Repa'sture. 7i.f [re and pajlure.'] Entertainment. Notin
tile.
He from forage will incline to play ;
But if thou ftrive, poor foul, what art thou then ?
Food for his rage, repajlure for hit> den. Shakefp.
To REPA'Y. v. a. [repayer, Fr. re and pay.]
! To pay back in return, in requital, or in revenge.
According to their deeds he will repay recompenfe to his
enemies ; to the iflands he will repay recompenfe. If lix. 18.
The falfe honour, which he had fo long enjoyed, was
plentifully repaid in contempt. Bacon.
2. To recompenfe.
He clad
Their nakednefs with fkins of hearts ; or flain,
Or as the fnake with youthful coat repaid. Milton.
3. To requite either good or ill.
The pooreft fervice is repaid with thanks. Shakefp.
Fav’ring heav’n repaid my glorious toils
With a lack'd palace and barbarick fpoils. Pope.
I have fought well for Perlla, and repaid
The benefit of birth with honeft fervice. Rowe.
4. To reimburfe with what is owed.
If you repay me not on fuch a day.
Such fums as are exprefs’d in the condition,
Let the forfeit be an equal pound of your fair flcfli. Shak.
Repa yment, n.f [from repay.]
1. The aft of repaying.
2. The thing repaid.
The centefima ufura it was not lawful to exceed ; and what
was paid over it, was reckoned as a repayment of part of the
principal. . Arbuthnot on Coins.
ToRefeaY. v. a. [rappeller, Fr.]
1. To recall. Out of ufe.
I will repeal thee, or be well allur’d.
Adventure to be banilhed myfelf. Shakefp. Henry VI.
I here forget all former griefs j
Cancel all grudge, repeal thee home again. Shakefp.
2. To abrogate ; to revoke.
Laws, that have been approved, may be again repealed,
and difputed againft by the authors themfelves. Hooker's Pref.
Adam foon repeal'd
The doubts that in his heart arofe. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Statutes are filently repealed, when the reafori ceafes for
which they were enafted. Dryden's Preface to Fables,
Repea'l. n.f. [from the verb.]
t. Recall from exile. Not in ufe.
If the time thruft forth
A caufe for thy repeal, we fhall not fend
O’er the vaft world to feek a fmgle man. Shakefp.
2. Revocation ; abrogation.
The king being advertifed, that the over-large grants of
lands and liberties made the lords fo infolent, did abfolutely
refume all fuch grants; but the earl of Defmond above all
found himfelf grieved with this refumption or repeal of liber¬
ties, and declared his dillike. Davies on Ireland.
If the prefbyterians Ihould obtain their ends, I could not
be forry to find them miftaken in the point which they have
moft at heart, by the repeal of the teft ; I mean the benefit
of employments. Swift s Prejbyterian Plea.
To REPEAT. V. a. [repeto, Lat. repeter, Fr.]
j. To iterate ; to ufe again ; to do again.
Thefc evils thou”repeatjl upon thyfelf,
Have banifh’d me from Scotland. Shakefp. Macbeth.
He, though his power
Creation could repeat, yet would be loth
Us to abolifh. Milton.
Where fudden alterations are not necefTary, the fame effeft
may be obtained by the repeated force of diet with more fafety
to the body. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. To fpeak again.
The pfalms, for the excellency of their ufe, deferve to be
oftner repeatedbut that their multitude permitteth not any
oftner repetition. Hooker.
3. To try again.
Neglefting for Creiifa’s life his own,
Repeats the danger of the burning town. Waller,
Beyond this place you can have no retreat,
Stay here, and I the danger will repeat. Dryden.
4. To recite ; to rehcarfe.
1 hou their natures know’ft, and gav’ft them names,
Need]efs to thee repeated. Milton.
We repeated lome lines ol Virgil, fuitable to the occafion.
Waller s Life.
Repeatedly, adv. [from repeated.] Over and over $ more
than once.
And are not thefe vices, which lead into damnation, re~
peatedly, and moft forcibly cautioned againft ? Stephens,
RepeaTek. n.f. [from repeat.]
1. One that repeats ; one that recites.
2. A watch that ftrikes the hours at will by compreffion of a
fpring.
To REPE'L. v. a. [rcpello, Lat.]
1. To drive back any thing.
Neither doth Tertullian bewray this weaknefs in ftriking
only, but alfo in repelling their ftrokes with whom he con¬
tended. Hooker, b. i\. f. 5.
With hills of fain on ev’ry fide,
Hippomedon repel!d the hoftile tide. Pope,
2. To drive back an aflailant.
Stand faft ; and all temptation to tranfgrefs repel. Milt.
Repel the Tufcan foes, their city feize,^
Proteft the Latians in luxurious eafe. Dryden's Mneis.
Your foes are fuch, as they, not you, have made.
And virtue may repel, though not invade. Dryden.
To RepeY. v. n.
1. To aft with force contrary to force imprefled.
From the fame repelling power it feems to be, that flies
walk upon the water without wetting their feet. Newton.
2. In phyfick, to repel in medicine, is to prevent fuch an afflux
of a fluid to any particular part, as would raife it into a
tumour. Spuincy.
RepeYlent. n.f [repellcns, Lat.] An application that has
a repelling power.
In the cure of an eryfipelas, whilft the body abounds with
bilious humours, there is no admitting of repellents, and by
difeutients you will encreafe the heat. TVifeman.
RepeYler. n.f. [from repel.] One that repels.
To REPE/NT. v.n. [repentir, Fr.]
1. To think on any thing paft with forrow.
God led them not through the land of the Philiftines, left
peradventure the people repent, when they fee war and they
return. Exodus xm. 17.
Nor had I any refervations in my own foul, when I palled
that bill; ncr repentings after. King Charles.
Upon any deviation from virtue, every rational creature fo
deviating, fhould condemn, renounce, and be forry for every
fuch deviation ; that is, repent of it. South.
Firft Ihe relents
With pity, of that pity then repents. Dryden.
Still you may prove the terror of your foes j
Teach traitors to repent of faithlefs leagues. A. Philips.
2. To exprefs forrow for fomething paft.
Poor Enobarbus did before thy face repent. Shakefp.
3. To have fuch forrow for fin, as produces amendment of life.
Nineveh repented at the preaching of Jonas. Matt. xii. 41.
To Repe'nt. v. a.
1. To remember with forrow. ,
If Defdemona will return me my jewels, I will give over
my fuit, and repent my unlawful folicitation. Shakefp.
2. To remember with pious forrow.
Thou, like a contrite penitent
Charitably warn’d of thy fins, doft repent
Thefe vanities and giddinefles, lo
I fhut my chamber-door ; come, let us go. Donne.
His late follies he would late repent. Dryden.
3. [Se repentir, Fr.] It is ufed with the reciprocal pronoun.
I repent me, that the duke is flain. Shakefp. Rich. III.
No man repented him of his wickednefs; faying, what have
I done ? Jeremiah viii. 6.
Judas, when he faw that he was condemned, repented
himfelf. Matthew xxvii. 3.
My father has repented him ere now.
Or will repent him when he finds me dead. Dryden.
Each age film’d on ,
Till God arofe, and great in anger faid,
Lo ! it repenteth me, that man was made. Prior.
Repe'ntance. n. f. [repentance, Fr. from repent.]
1. Sorrow for any thing paft.
2. Sorrow for fin, fuch as produces newnefs of life ; penitence.
Repentance fo altereth a man through the mercy of God,
be he never fo defiled, that it maketh him pure. JVhitgifte.
Who by repentance is not fatisfied.
Is nor of heav’n nor earth ; for thefe are pleafed ;
By penitence th' eternal’s wrath’s appeas’d. Shakefp.
Repentance is a change of mind, or a converfion from lin to
God : not fome one bare aft of change, but a lading durable
ftate of new life, which is called regeneration. Hammond.
This is a confidence, of all the moft irrational ; for upon
what ground can a man promife himfelf a future repentance,
who cannot promife himfelf a futurity. South.
Repe ntant, adj. [repentant, Fr. from repent.]
1. Sorrowful for the paft.
2. Sorrowful for fin.
Thus they, in lowlieft plight, repentant ftood. Milton.
3. Expreffing forrow for lin.
After I have interr’d this noble king.
And wet his grave with my repentant tears,
I will with all expedient duty fee you. Shakefp. Rich. III.
There
REP
There is no malice in this burning coal;
The breath of heav’n hath blown its fpirit out,
And llrew’d repentant afnes on its head. Shakefp. A. John.
Relentlefs walls ! whofe darkfome round contains
Repentant fighs and voluntary pains. p0pe.
To Repeo'ple. v. a. [re and people ; repeuplcr^ Fr.J To Rock
with people anew.
An occurrence ol fuch remark, as the univerfal flood and
the repeopling of the world, muft be frefh in memory for about
eight hundred years ; especially confidering, that the peo¬
pling of the world was gradual. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
To REPERCU SS. v. a. [ repercutio, repercujfus, Lat.] To
beat back; to drive back ; to rebound. Notin ufe.
Air in ovens, though it doth boil and dilate itlelf, and is
repercujfed, yet it is without noife. Bacon.
Repe RCU SSIOS. n. f. [from repercufs; repercuJftoi) Lat. repercujjion, It.] I he act of driving back ; rebound.
In echoes, there is no new elifion, but a repercujjion. Bacon.
1 hey various ways recoil, and fwiftly flow
By mutual repercJfions to and fro. Blackmore.
RepeRCU SSIVe. adj. [repercufjifYx.]
1. Having the power of driving back or caufing a rebound.
2. Repellent.
lilocd is^ftanched by aftringent and repercujfive medicines.
Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Defluxions, if you apply a flrong repercujfive to the place
affedted, and do not take away the caufe, will fhift to an¬
other place. Bacon.
3. Driven back ; rebounding. Not proper.
Amid Carnarvon’s mountains rages loud
The repercujfive roar : with mighty crufh
Tumble the lmitten cliffs. Thomfon.
Rf.pertFtious. adj. [repertus, Fr.J Found; gained by
finding. Difi.
Repertory, n.f. [repertoire, Fr. repertorium, Lat.] A treafury ; a magazine ; a book in which anything is to be found.
Repetition, n.f. [repetition, Fr. repetition Lat.]
1. Iteration of the fame thing.
The frequent repetition of aliment is neceffary for repair¬
ing the fluids and folids. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Recital of the fame words over again.
The pfalms, for the excellency of their ufe, deferve to be
oftener repeated ; but that the multitude of them permitteth
not any oftner repetition. Hooker, b.\.f. 30.
3. The adl of reciting or rehearfing.
If you conquer Rome, the benefit.
Which you fhall thereby reap, is fuch a name,
Whofe repetition will be dogg’d with curies. Shakefp.
4. Recital from memory, as diflindi from reading.
To REPFNE. v. n. [re and pine.] To fret; to vex himfelf;
to be difeontented.
Of late.
When corn was given them gratis, you repin’d. Shakefp.
The fines impofed were the more repined againft, becaufe
they were afligned to the rebuilding of St. Paul’s church. Clar.
If you think how many difeafes, and how much poverty
there is in the world, you will fall down upon your knees,
and inftead of repining at one afflidtion, will admire fo many
blellings received at the hand of God. Temple.
The ghofls repine at violated night ;
And curie th’ invading fun, and ficken at the fight. Dryd.
Juft in the gate
Dwell pale difeafes and repining age. Dryden.
Repi'ner. n. f. [from repine.] One that frets or murmurs.
ToRepla'ce. v. a. [replacer, Fr. re and place.]
3. To put again in the former place.
> The earl being apprehended, upon examination cleared
himfelf fo well, as he was replaced in his government. Bacon.
The bowls, remov’d for fear.
The youths replac'd; and foon reftord the chear. Dryden.
2. To put in a new place.
His gods put themfelves under his protedlion, to be replaced
in their promifed Italy. Dryden's Ded. to Virgil.
To REPLA'N T. v. a. [replanter, Fr. re and plant.] To
plant anew.
Small trees being yet unripe, covered in autumn with dun^
until the fpring, take up and replant in good ground. Bacon.
Replanta IION.W./ [Iromreplant.] 1 he adl ol planting a^ain
To ReplaiT. v. a. [re and plait.] To fold one pari often
over another.
In Raphael’s firft works, are many fmall foldings often
replaited, which look like fo many whip-cords. "Dryden.
To Replenish, v. a. [repleo, from re and plenus, Lat. repleni
old Fr.] r ?
1. To ftock ; to fill.
Multiply and rcplenif the earth. Gen. i. 28.
The waters
With fifh replenijh'd, and the air with fowl. Milton.
2. To finiff; to confummate ; to complete. Not proper, nor
in ufe.
We fmother’d
The moft replenijhed fweet work of nature,
That from t|ie prime creation e’er fhe fram’d. Shakefp.
REP
To Replenish, v. n. To be flocked. Not in ufe.
The humours in men’s bodies encreafe and decreafe as the
niooit doth ; and therefore purge fome day after the full ; for
then the humours will not replenijh fo foon. Bacons
Reple'te. adj. [replete Fr. repiettis, Lat:] Full; completely
filled ; filled to exuberance.
The world’s large tongue
Proclaims you for a man replete with mocks;
Full of comparifons and wounding flouts. Shakefp.
This mordication, if in over high a degree, is little better
than the corrofion of poifon; as fometimes in antimony, if
given to bodies not replete with humours ; for where humours
abound, the humours fave the parts. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
His words, replete with guile.
Into her heart too eafy entrance won. Milton.
In a dog, out of whofe eye being wounded the aqueous
humour did copioufly flow, yet in fix hours the bulb of the
eye was again replete with its humour, without the applica¬
tion of any medicines. Ray on the Creation.
Reple tion. n.f. [repletion, Fr.] The ftate of being over¬
full.
T he tree had too much repletion, and was oppreffed with
its own fap ; for repletion is an enemy to generation. Bacon.
All dreams
Are from repletion and complexion bred ;
From rifing fumes of undigefted food. Dryden.
Third and hunger may be fatisfy’d;
But this repletion is to love deny’d. Dtyden.
The adtion of the ftomach is totally flopped by too great
repletion. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Reple'viable. adj, [replegiabilis, barbarous Latin.] What
may be replevined.
To Reple'vin. \v. a. Spenfer. [replegio, low Lat. of re and
T o Reple vy. 3 plevnk or plegir, Fr. to give a pledge.] To
take back or fet at liberty any thing feized upon lecurity
given.
That you’re a beafl, and turn’d to grafs;
Is no flrange news, nor ever was;
At leafl to me, who once, you know,
Did from the pound replevin you. Hudibras, p. iii.
Replication, n.f. [;replicc, Lat.]
1. Rebound; repercuffion. Not in ufe.
Tyber trembled underneath his banks.
To hear the replication of your founds.
Made in his concave fhores; Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
2. Reply ; anfwer.
T o be demanded of a fpunge, what replication fhould be
made by the fon of1 a king ? ~ Shakefp. Hamlet.
This is a replication to what Menelaus had before offered,
concerning the tranfplantation of Ulyffes to Sparta. BroomL
To REPLY', v. n. [repliquer, Fr.J To anfwer; to make a
return to an anfwer.
O man ! who art thou that replieft againft God ? Rom. ix.
Would we afeend higher to the reft of thefelewd perfons,
we fhould find what reafon Caflalio’s painter had to reply upon
the cardinal, who blamed him for putting a little too much co¬
lour into St. Peter and Paul’s faces : that it was true in their
life time they were pale mortified men; but that fince they
were grown ruddy, by bluffing at the fins of their fuccef-
^ors' . ( Atterbu*y s Sermons.
His trembling tongue invok’d his bride ;
With his laft voice Eurydice he cry’d :
Eurydice the rocks and river-banks reply'd. Drydens
To Re ply. v. a. To return for an anfwer.
Perplex’d
The tempter flood, nor had what to reply. Milton.
Re'ply. n.f. [replique, Fr.] Anfwer; return to an anfwer.
But now return.
And with their faint reply this anfwer join. Shakefp.
If I fent him word, it was not well cut; he would fend
me word, he cut it to pleafe himfelf: if again, it was not!
well cut, this is called the reply churliff. Shakefp.
One rifes up to make replies to eflabliff or confute what has
been offered on each fide of the queflion. Watts.
'Fo whom with fighs, Ulyffes gave reply ;
Ah, why ill-fuiting paftime muff I try ? Pope
Reply er. n.f. [from reply.] He that makes a return to "an
anfwer.
At an adl of the commencement, the anfwerei o-ave for
his queflion, that an ariftocracy was better than a monarchy •
the replyer did tax him, that, being a private bred man he
would give a queflion of ftate : the anfwerer faid that the
r,plycr did much wrong the privilege of Itholars, who would
be mueh lightened .f they (hould give queftions of nothing,
but fuel, hmgs where,,, they are praffifed j and added we
have heard yourfelf d.fpute of v.rtue, which no man will fay
you put much in pradheet d , j J y
a^in ['el'ohr' Fr- re and polijh.] To poliff
A fundred clock is piecemeal laid
Not to be loft but by the maker’s hand
Repohjh d, without error then to Hand. Dom.
T* REPQ'Rd
REP
To REPORT, v. a. [fapporter, Fi\]
1. To noile by popular rumour.
Is it upon record r or elfe reported lucceflively from age to
age ? Sbakejp. Richard III.
It is reported
That good duke Humphry traiteroufly is murther d. Shak.
Report, fay they, and we will report it. Jer. xx. io.
There is a king in Judah j and now fhall it be reported to
the king. Neh. vi. 7.
2. To give repute.
Timotheus was well reported of by the brethren. Acts xvi.
A widow well reported ol for good works. 1 Pitn. v. 10.
3. To give an account of.
4. To return ; to rebound ; to give back.
In Ticinum is a church with windows only irom above,
that reporteth the voice thirteen times, if you Hand by the
clofe end wall over againft the door. Bacon.
Repo'rt. n.f. [from the noun.]
1. Rumour ; popular fame. (
2. Repute ; publick character.
My body’s mark'd
With Roman fwords ; and my report was once
Firft with the heft of note. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
In all approving ourfelves as the minifters of God, by ho¬
nour and difhonour, by evil repoit and good report. 2 Cor. iv.
3. Account returned.
We command our ambaffadors to make report unto you.
1 Mac. xii. 13.
Sea nymphs enter with the fwelling tide;
From Thetis lent as fpies to make report,
And tell the wonders of her fov’reign’s court. Waller.
4. Account given by lawyers of cafes.
After a man has ftudied the general principles of the law,
reading the reports of adjudged cafes, will richly improve his
mind. Watts’sImprovement of the Mind.
5. Sound; loud noife; repercuffion.
The ftronger fpecies drowneth the leffer ; the report of an
ordnance, the voice. Bacon s Natural Hi/lory.
The ladling billows make a long report,
And beat her iides. Drydcn’s Ceyx and Alcyo.
R.Ero'itTER. n.f. [from report.'] Relater ; one that gives an
account.
There fhe appear’d ; or my reporter devis’d well for her.
Sbakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
Rumours were raifed of great difeord among the nobility;
for this caufe the lords aflembled, gave order to apprehend
the reporters of thefe furmifes. . Hayward.
If I had known a thing they concealed, I fhould never be
the reporter of it. Pope.
Repo'rtingly. adv. [from reporting.] By common fame.
Others fay thou doft deferve ; and I
Believe it better than reportingly. Sbakefp.
Repo'sal. n.f. [from repofe.] The a£t of repofing.
. Doft thou think.
If I would ftand againft thee, would the repofal
Of any truft, virtue, or worth in thee.
Make thy words faith’d. Sbakefp. King Lear.
To REPO'SE. v. a. [repono, Lat.J
1. To lay to reft.
Rome’s readied: champions, repofe you here.
Secure from worldly chances and mifhaps ;
Here lurks no treafon, here no envy fwells. Sbakefp.
I will repofe myfelf with her; to live with her hath no
forrow, but mirth. Wifdom viii. 16.
Have ye chos’n this place.
After the toil of battle, to repofe
Your wearied virtue. Miltons Paradife Lof, b. i.
2. To place as in confidence or truft. 1
I repofe upon your management, what is deareft to me,
my fame. Drydcn’s Preface to Ann. Mirab.
That prince was confcious of his own integrity in the fervice of God, and relied on this as a fure foundation for that
truft he repofed in him, to deliver him out of all his diftreffes.
Rogers’s Sermons.
3. To lodge; to lay up.
Pebbles, repofed in thofe cliffs amongft the earth, being
not fo diffoluble and likewife more bulky, are left behind.
Woodward’s Natural Hiftory.
To Repo'se. v. n. [repofer, Fr.]
1. To fleep; to be at reft.
Within a thicket I repos'd; when round
I ruffl’d up fal’n leaves in heap ; and found,
Let fall from heaven, a fleep interminate. Chapman.
2. To reft in confidence.
And, for the ways are dangerous to pafs,
I do defire thy worthy company,
Upon whofe faith and honour I repoje. Sbakefp.
Repose, n.f [repos, Fr.]
I. Sleep ; reft; quiet.
Merciful pow’rs !
Reftrain in me the curfed thoughts, that nature
Gives way to in repoje. Sbakejp. Macbeth.
4
REP
Th’ hour
Of night, and of all things now retir’d to reft,
Mind us of like repofe. Milton’s Paradife Lof, b. iv.
Thoughtful of thy gain, I all the livelong day
Confume in meditation deep, reclufe
From human converfe ; nor at fhut of eve
Enjoy repofe. Philips.
2. Caufe of reft.
After great lights muft be great fhadows, w'hich we call
repofes ; becaufe in reality the fight would be tired, if attra&ed
by a continuity of glittering objedfs. Dryden’s Dufrcfnoy.
Repo'sedness. n.J. [from repoj'ed.] State of being at reft.
To REPO'SI TE. v. a. [repojitus, Lat.] To lay up ; to lodge
as in a place of fafety.
Others repofte their young in holes, and fecure-themfelves
alfo therein, becaufe fuch fecurity is wanting, their lives
being fought. De barn’s Pbyfco-Theology.
Reposition, n.f. [from repofte.] 1 he adt of replacing.
Being fatisfied in the repoftion of the bone, take care to
keep it lo by deligation, Wifeman's Surgery.
Repository, n.f. [repofitoirc,,¥T. repoftoriutn, Lat.] A place
where any thing is fafely laid up.
The mind ol man, not being capable of having many ideas
under view at once, it was neceflary to have a repojitory to
lay up thofe ideas. Locke.
He can take a body to pieces, and difpofe of them, to us
not v/ithout the appearance of irretrievable confufion, but
with refpedt to his own knowledge into the moft regular and
methodical repofitories. Rogers’s Sermons.
To Repossess, v. a. [re and pojfcfs.] To poffefs again.
How comes it now, that almoft all that realm is repojfejfed
of them l Spenfer’s State of Ireland.
Her fuit is now to repoffefs thofe lands,
Which we in juftice cannot well deny. Sbakefp.
Nor fhall my father repoffefs the land.
The father’s fortune never to return. Pope’s Odyffey.
To REPREHE'ND. v. a. [reprehendo, Lat.]
1. To reprove ; to chide.
All as before his fight, whofe prefence to offend with any
the leaft unfeemlinefs, we would be furely as loth as they,
who moft reprehend or deride that we do. Hooker, b. v. f. 29.
Pardon me for reprehending thee,
For thou haft done a charitable deed. Sbakefp.
They, like dumb ftatues ftar’d ;
Which, when I faw, I reprehended them ;
And afk’d the mayor, what meant this wilful filence ? Sha.
2. To blame ; to cenfure.
I nor advife, nor reprehend the choice
Of Marcley-hill. Philips.
Friends reprehend him, reprehend him there :
For what ? for ftealing Gaffer Gap’s gray mare. 7 Gay.
3. To detebl of fallacy.
This colour will be reprehended or encountered, by impu¬
ting to all excellencies in compofitions a kind of poverty.
Bacon.
4. To charge with as a fault. With of before the crime.
Ariftippus, being reprehended of luxury by one that was
not rich, for that he gave fix crowns for a fmall fifii, anfwered, why, what would you have given ? the other faid,
fome twelve pence : Ariftippus faid again, and fix crowns is
no more with me. • Bacon’s Apopthegms.
Reprehe'nder. n.f [from reprehend.] Blamer; cenfurer.
Thefe fervent reprebenders of things, eftablifhed by publick
authority, are always confident and bold-fpirited men ; but
their confidence for the moft part rifeth from too much credit
given to their otvn wits, for which caufe they are leldom free
from errours. Hooker’s Dedication.
REPREHE'NSIBLE. adj. [reprehcnfble, Fr. reprehenfus, Lat.]
Blameable ; culpable ; cenfurable.
Reprehe'nsibleness. n.f [from reprehenftblc.] Blameablenefs.
Reprehe'nsiely. adv. [from reprehenftblc.] Blameably ;
culpably.
Reprehe'nsion. n.f. [reprehenfo, Latin.] Reproof; open
blame.
To a heart fully refolute counfel is tedious, but reprehenfon
is loathfome. Bacon.
There is likewife due to the publick a civil reprehenfon of
advocates, where there appeareth cunning counfel, grols neg¬
lect, and flight information. Bacons EJfays.
The admonitions, fraternal or paternal of his fellow chriftipns, or the governors of the church, then more publick
rejrehenjions and increpations. Hammond.
What efR£t can that man hope from his moft zealous reprehenfons, who lays hiin fell open to recrimination. Go. off.
Reprkhk'nsiv i- . adj. [from reprehend.] Given to reproof.
To REPRESE'N r. v. a. [repreefento, Lat. ref refenter, ¥:.}
l. To exhibit, as if the thing exhibited were prelent.
Be/ore him burn
Seven lamps, as in a zodiac reptcjentiug
The heav’nly fires. Milton s Paradife Lof, b, xii.
To
REP
2. To describe ; to fhow in any particular charafter.
This bank is thought the greateft load on the Gcnoelc,
„nA rhr managers of it have been nprefented as a fecond kind
of fen ate ° Add!fon's Remarks on Italy.
To fill the place of another by a vicarious charafter ; to
perfonate : as, the parliament reprefents the people.
* ^['o exhibit to {how.
** Qne 0f his cardinals admonifhed him againft that linfkilful
piece of ingenuity, by reprejenting to him, that no reforma¬
tion could be made, which would not notably diminifh the
rents of the church. Decay of Piety.
Representaction, n. f. [reprefentation, Fr. from reprefent.J
1, Image; iikenefs.
If images are worftiipped, it mull be as gods, which Celfus denied, or as reprefentations of God; which cannot be,
becaufe God is inviftble and incorporeal. Stillingfeet.
2. Aft of fupporting a vicarious charafter.
o Rcfpeftful declaration.
Representative, adj. [reprcfentatifFr. from reprefent.]
1. Exhibiting a ftmilitude.
They relieve themfelves with this diftinftion, and yet owrt
the legal facrifices, though reprefentative, to be proper and
rcal. Atterbury.
2. Bearing the charafter or power of another.
This counfel of four hundred was chofen, one hundred
out of each tribe, and feems to have been a body reprefenta¬
tive of the people ; though the people collective referved a
fitare of power. Swift.
Representative, n.f
i. One exhibiting the Iikenefs of another.
• A ftatue of rumour whifpering an idiot in the ear, who
was the reprefentative of credulity. Addifon's Freeholder.
1. One exercifmg the vicarious power given by another.
I vvifh the welfare of my country ; and my morals and
politicks teach me to leave all that to be adjufted by our reprefentatives above* and to divine providence. Blount to Pope.
3. That by which any thing is fhown.
Difficulty muft cumber this doftrine, which fuppofes that
the perfections of God are the reprefentatives to us, of what¬
ever we perceive in the creatures. Locke.
Represe'nter. n.f [from reprefnt.]
1. One who fhows or exhibits.
Where the real works of nature, or veritable afts offtory,
are to be deferibed, art, being but the imitator or fecondary
reprefenter, muft not vary from the verity. Brown.
2. One who bears a vicarious charafter ; one who afts for an¬
other by deputation.
My mufe officious ventures
On the nation’s reprefenters. Swift.
Represe'ntment. n.f. [from reprefent.] Image or idea
propofed, as exhibiting the Iikenefs of fomething.
When it is blefled, fome believe it to be the natural body
of Chrift ; others, the bleffings of Chrift, his paffion in reprefentment, and his grace in real exhibition. Taylor.
We have met with fome, whofe reals made good their
reprefentments. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To REPRE'SS. v. a. [repreffus, Lat. reprimer, Fr.]
I. To crufh ; to put down ; to fubdue.
Difcontents and ill blood having ufed always to reprefs and
appeafe in perfon, he was loth they fhould find him beyond
fea„ Bacon's Henry VII.
Some, taking dangers to be the only remedy againft
dangers, endeavoured to fet up the fedition again, but they
were fpeedily reprejjed, and thereby the fedition fupprefied
wholly. Hayward.
Such kings
Favour the innocent, reprefs the bold.
And, while they flourifh, make an age of gold. Waller.
How can I
Reprefs the horror of my thoughts, which fly
The fad remembrance.
Thus long fucceedingcriticks juftly reign’d.
Licence reprefs'd, and ufeful laws ordain’d :
Denham*
Learning and Rome alike in empire grew. Pope.
Armies ftretch, reprejf-ig here
The frantick Alexander of the North. Thomfon.
2. To comprefs. Not proper.
Rf.prf/ss. n.f. [from the verb.] Repreffion; aft of crufhing.
Not in ufe.
Loud outcries of injury, when they tend nothing to then>-
prefs of it, is a liberty rather aflumed by rage and impatience,
than authorifed by juftice. Government of the Tongue.
Repression, n.f. [from reprefs.] Aft of repreffing.
No declaration from myfelf could take place, for the due
repreffion of thefe tumults. King Charles.
Repressive, adj. [from reprefs.] Having power to reprefs;
afting to reprefs. ,
. To Reprie've. v. a. [reprendre^repns, Fr.] To refpite after
fentence of death ; to give a refpite.
Company, though it may reprieve a man from his mclan-
• choly, yet cannot fecure him from his confcience. South.
Having been condemned for his part in the late rebellion,
REP
his majefly had been pleafed to reprieve him, with feveral of
his friends, in order to give them their lives. Addifon.
He teprieves the finner from time to time, and continues
and heaps on him the favours of his providence, in hopes
that, by an aft of clemency fo undeferved, he may prevail
on his gratitude and repentance; Rogers's Sermons.
Reprieve, n.f. [from the verb.] Refpite after fentence of
death.
In his reprieve he may be fo fitted,
That bis foul ficken not. Shakefp. Mcaffor Meaf
I hope it is fome pardon or reprieve
For Claudio. Shakefp. Mcafure foir Meafure.
He cannot thrive,
Unlefs her prayers, whom heav’n delights to hear.
And loves to grant, reprieve from the wrath
Of greateft juftice. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve was
fent to fufpend the execution for three days; Clarendon,
All that I afk, is but a fhort reprieve,
Till I forget to love, and learn to grieve. Denham.
To Reprimand, v. a. [reprimander, Fr. reprimo, Lat.] To
chide ; to check ; to reprehend ; to reprove.
Germanicus was feverely reprimanded by Tiberius, for tra¬
velling into Egypt without his permiffion. Arbuthnot.
Reprima'nd. n.f. [reprimanded reprimende, Fr. from the verb.]
Reproof; reprehenfion.
He inquires how fuch an one’s wife or fon do, whom he
does not fee at church ; which is underftood as a fecret re¬
primand to the perfon abfent. Addifon's Spectator, N° 112.
To ReprTnt. v. a. [re and print.]
1. To renew the impreffion of any thing.
The bufinefs of redemption is to rub over the defaced copy
of creation, to reprint God’s image upon the foul, and to
fet forth nature in a fecond and a fairer edition. South.
2. To print a new edition.
My bookfeller is reprinting the eflay on criticifm. Pope.
Reprisal, n.f [reprefalia, low Lat. reprefaille, Fr.] Some¬
thing feized by way of retaliation for robbery or injury.
The English had great advantage in value of reprijals> as
being more ftrong and aftive at fea. Hayward.
Senfe muft fure thy fafeft plunder be,
Since no reprifals can be made on thee. Pope.
Reprise, n.f [reprife, Fr.] The aft: of taking fomething in.
retaliation of injury.
Your care about your banks infers a fear
Of threat’ning floods and inundations neat;
If fo, a juft reprife would only be
Of what the land ufurp’d upon the fea; Drydent
To REPROA/CH. v. a. [reprocher, Fr.]
1. To cenfure in opprobrious terms, as a crime.
Mezentius, with his ardour warm’d
His fainting friends, reproach’d their Ihameful flight,
Repell’d the viftors. Drydens JEneis.
The French writers do not burden themfelves too much
with plot, which has been reproached -to them as a fault. Dry.
2. To charge with a fault in fevere language.
If ye be reproached for the name of Chrift, happy are ye.
I Peter iv. 14.
That fhame
There fit not, and reproach us as unclean, Milton.
2. To upbraid in general,
Thefe things are grievous ; the upbraiding of houfe-room,
and reproaching of the lender. Eccluf. xxix. 28.
The very regret of being furpafled in any valuable quality,
by a perfon of the fame abilities with ourfelv.es, will reproach
our own lazinefs, and even fhame us into imitation. Rogers.
Refroa'ch. n.f. [reproche, Fr. from the verb.] Cenfure; in¬
famy ; fhame.
With his reproach and odious menace.
The knight emboiling in his haughty heart,
Knit all his forces. Fairy ffuceen.
If black fcandal or foul-fac’d reproach
Attend the fequel of your impofition.
Your mere enforcement {hall acquittance me. Shakefp.
Thou, for the teftimony of truth, haft borne
Univerfal reproach, Milton.
Reproa'chable. adj. [reproachable, Fr.] Worthy of reproach.
Reproa'chful. adj. [from reproach.]
1. Scurrilous; opprobrious.
O monftrous ! what reproachful words are thefe. Shakefp,
I have fheath’d
My rapier in his bofom, and withal
Thruft thefe reproachful fpeeches down his throat. Shakefp.
An advocate may be punifhed for reproachful lan^ua^e, in
refpeft of the parties in fult. , Aylijfe's~Parergon.
2. Shameful; infamous; vile.
Fo make religion a ftratagem to undermine government,
is contrary to this fuperftrufture, rfioft fcandalous and re¬
proachful to chriftianity. Hammond's Fundamentals.
T hy punifhment
He {hall endure, by coming in the flefh
To a reproachful life and curfed death. Milton's Par. Loft.
21 Reproachfully,
REP
Reproa'chfuIly. adv. [from reproach.]
1. Opprobrioufly ; ignominioufly ; fcurriloufly.
Shall I then be us’d reproachfully ? Shakefp. Hen. VL
I will that the younger women marry, and give none occalion to the adverfary to fpeak reproachfully. I Tim. v. 14.
2. Shamefully ; Infamoufly.
RE'PROBATE. adj. [reprobus, Lat.] Loft to virtue ; loft to
grace ; abandoned.
They profefs to know God, but in works deny him, being
abominable, and to every good work repr abate. Tit. i. 16.
Strength and art are eafily outdone
By (pints reprobate. Milton.
God forbid, that every ftngle commiftion of a fin, though
great for its kind, and withal acted againft confidence, for
its aggravation, fhould fio far deprave the foul, and bring it
to fuch a reprobate condition, as to take pleafure in other
men’s fins. South’s Sermons.
Re'probate. n.f. A man loft to virtue ; a wretch abandoned
to wickednefs.
What if we omit
This reprobate, till he were well inclin’d. Shakefp.
I acknowledge myfelf for a reprobate, a villain, a traytor
to the king, and the moft unworthy man that ever lived. Ral.
All the faints have profited by tribulations ; and they that
could not bear temptations, became reprobates. Taylor.
To Re'probate. v. a. [reprobo,-Lat.]
1. To difallow; to rejedt.
Such an anfwer as this is reprobated and difiallowcd of in
law; I do not believe it, unlefis the deed appears. Aylife.
2. To abandon to wickednefs and eternal deftrudlion.
What fhould make it neceffary for him to repent and
amend, who either without refpedt to any degree of amend¬
ment is fuppofed to be eledled to eternal blifs, or without re-
(ped to fin, to be irreverfibly reprobated. Hammond.
A reprobated hardnefs of heart does them the office of philofophy towards a contempt of death. L’EJlrange.
3. To abandon to his fentence, without hope of pardon.
Drive him out
To reprobated exile round the world,
A caitive, vagabond, abhorr’d, accurs’d. Southerne.
ReBrobateness. n.f. [from reprobate.] The ftate of being
reprobate.
Reproba'tion. n.f. [reprobation, Fr. from reprobate.]
1. The ad of abandoning or ftate of being abandoned to eternal
deftrudion.
This fight would make him do a defperate turn ;
Yea curfe his better angel from his fide.
And fall to reprobation. Shakefp. Othello.
Though fome words may be accommodated to God’s predeflination, yet it is the fcqpe of that text to treat of the re¬
probation of any man to hell-fire. Bramhall againft Hobbs.
God, upon a true repentance, is not fo fatally tied to the
fpindle of abfolute reprobation, as not to keep his promife,
and feal merciful pardons. Maine.
2. A condemnatory fentence.
You are empower’d to give the final decifion of wit, to put
your ftamp on all that ought to pafs for current, and fet a
brand of reprobation on dipt poetry and fake coin. Dryden.
To REPRODUCE, v. a. [re and produce ; reproduire, Fr.J
To produce again ; to produce anew.
If horfe dung reproduced} oats, it will not be eafily deter¬
mined where the -power of generation ceafeth. Brown.
Thofe colours are unchangeable, and whenever all thole
rays with thofe their colours are mixed again, they reproduce
the fame white light as before. Newton s Opticks.
Reproduction, n.f. [from reproduce.] The act of pro¬
ducing anew. *
I am about to attempt a reproduction in vitriol, in which it
feems not unlikely to be performable. Boyle.
Reproo'f. n.f. [from reprove.]
1. Blame to the face ; reprehenfion.
Good Sir John, as you have one eye upon my follies, turn
another into the regifter of your own, that I may pafs with
a reproof the eafier. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Fear not the anger of the wif to raife ;
Thofe beft can bear reproof, who merit praife. Pope.
2. Cenfure ; flander. Out of ufe.
Why, for thy fake, have I fuffer’d reproof? fhame hath
covered my face. Pfalm lxix. 7.
Repro'vable. adj. [from reprove.] Culpable; blamable ;
worthy of reprehenfion.
If thou doft find thy faith as dead after the reception of
the facrament as before, it may be thy faith was not only
little, but reproveable. Taylor s Worthy Communicant.
To REPROWE. v. a. [repr ouver, Fr.J
1. To blame; to cenfure.
I will not reprove thee for thy facrificcs. Pjalm 1. 8.
2. T o charge to the face with a fault; to check ; to chide ; to
reprehend.
What if they can better be content with one that can wink
af their faults, than with him that will r eprove them. JVhitg.
There is no (lander in an allow’d fool, though he do no¬
thing but rail; nor no railing in a known difereet man,
though he do nothing but reprove. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
R E IUI
What if thy fon
Prove difobedient and reprov’d, retort.
Wherefore didft thou beget me ? MiliolU
If a great perfonage undertakes an adtion paffionately, let
it be adted with all the malice and impotency in the world,
he (hall have enough to flatter him, but not enough to reprove
him. Taylor’s Rule of Living Holy.
3. To refute ; to difprove.
My lords,
Reprove my allegation if you can. Shakefp. Henry VJ.
4. To blame for. With of.
To reprove one of lazinefs, they will fay, doft thou make
idle a coat ? that is a coat for idlenefs. Careitri
Repro/ver. n.J. [from reprove.] A reprehender ; one that
reproves.
Let the moft potent finner fpeak out, and tell us, whether
he can command down the clamours and revilings of a guilty
confcience, and impofe filence upon that bold repiover. South.
This (hall have from every one, even the reprovers of vice,
the title of living well. Locke on Education.
To RepruBe. v. a. [re and prune.] To prune a lecond
time.
Rcprunc apricots and peaches, favlng as many of the young
likelieft (hoots as are well placed. Evelyn's Kalendw .-
Re'ptile. adj. [reptile, Lat.] Creeping upon many feet. In
the following lines reptile is confounded with ferpent.
Cleanfe baits from filth, to give a tempting glofs,
Cherifh the fully’d reptile race with mofs. Gay.
Repti'le. n.f. An animal that creeps upon many feet.
Terreftial animals may be divided into quadrupeds or rep¬
tiles, which have many feet, and lerpents which have no
feet. Locke's Elements of Natural Philofophy.
Holy retreat! fithence no female hither,
Confcious of focial loVe and nature’s rites,
Muff dare approach, from the inferior reptile,
To woman, form divine. Prior.
Republican, adj. [from republick.] Placing the government
in the people.
Repu'blican. n.f. [from republick.] One who thinks a com-,
monwealth without monarchy the beft government.
Thefe people are more happy in imagination than the reft
of their neighbours, becaufe they think themfelves fo; though
fuch a chimerical happinefs is not peculiar to republicans. Add.
REPUfiBLICK. n.f. [refpublica, Lat. republique, Fr.J Common¬
wealth ; ftate in which the power is lodged in more than one.
Thofe that by their deeds will make it known,
Whofe dignity they do fuftain ;
And life, ftate, glory, all they gain.
Count the republiek’s, not their own. Benj. JA.nfcn.
They are indebted many millions more than their whole
republick is worth. Addifon’s State of the War.
Repu'dtable, adj. [from repudiate.] Fit to be rejected.
To REPUDIATE, v. a. [repudio, Lat. repudier, Fr.J To
divorce ; to rejedl ; to put away.
Here is a notorious inftance of the folly of the atheifts,
that while they repudiate all title to the kingdom of heaven,
merely for the prefent pleafure of body, and their boafted
tranquillity of mind, belides the extreme madnefs in running
fuch a defperate hazard after death, they unwittingly deprive
themfelves here of that very pleafure and tranquillity they
feek for. Bentley s Sermons.
Let not thofe, that have repudiated the more inviting fins,
(how themfelves philtred and bewitched by this. G. ofTongue.
Repudiation, n.f. [repudiation, Fr. from repudiate.] Di¬
vorce ; rejedfiion.
It was allowed by the Athenians, only in cafe of repudia¬
tion of a wife. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Repu'cnancy' \ [rePudnancer ^r* fi"001 repugnant.]
1. Inconfiftency ; contrariety.
But where difference is without repugnancy, that which hath
been can be no prejudice to that which is. Hooker.
It is no affront to omnipotence, if, by reafon of the formal
incapacity and repugnancy of the thing, we aver that the world
could not have been made from all eternity. Bentley.
2. Reludfiance ; unwillingnefs ; ftruggle of oppofrte pallion.
Why do fond men expofe themfelves to battle.
And let the foes quietly cut their throats.
Without repugnancy ? Shakefp. limon of Athens.
Thus did the paflions adl without any of their prefent jars,
combats or repugnances, all moving with the beauty ol uni¬
formity and the ftilnefs of compofure. South’s Sermons.
That which caules us to lofe moft of our time, is the re¬
pugnance which we naturally have to labour. Dryden.
REPUGNANT, adj. [repugnant, Fr, repugnans, Lat.J
1. Difobedient; not obfequious.
Plis antique fword,
Rebellious to his arm, lies where it falls,
Repugnant to command. Shakefp. Hamlet.
2. Contsary; oppolite. . . . , .
Why I rejedt the other conjcdtures is ; becaulc they have
not due warrant from obfervation, but are clearly repugnant
thereunto. Woodward’s Natur al Hi/lory.
REPUGNANTLY,
r e a rt
Repugnantly. adv. [from repugnant. 1 CohtfadL.ofily.
They fpcak not repugnantly thereto. Brown's Vulg. Err,
To Repu'llulate. v. n. [re and puiiuh, Lat. repuHuler, Fr.]
To bud again.
Though tares repullulate, there is wheat {fill left in the
° Howel's Vocal Forejl.
REPU'I-SE. «.f [retulfc, Fr. repulfa^ Latin.J The condition
of beiiw driven off or put afide from any attempt.
My rtpulfe at Hull feemed an act of fo rude difloyalty, that
my enemies had fcarce confidence enough to abet it. K. Cba.
7 Nor much expect
A foe fo proud will fuff the weaker feek ;
So bent, the more (hall fhame him his repul}. Milton.
Bv fate repell’d, and with reptdjes tir’d. Denham.
To Rcro'LSE. v. a. [irepuljus, Lat.J To beat back ; to drive
off.
The chriftian defendants ftill repulfed them with greater
courage than they were able to affail them. Knolles.
This fleet, attempting St. Minoes, were repulfed, and
without glory or gain, returned into England. Hayward.
Man complete to have difeover’d and repuls’d
Whatever wiles of foe or feeming friend. Milton.
Repu'lsion. n.f. [repulfus^ Lat.] The a<5t or power of driv¬
ing off from itfelf.
Air has fome degree of tenacity, whereby the parts attradl
one another ; at the fame time, by their elafticity, the par¬
ticles of air have a power of repulfion or flying off from one
another. Arbuthnot.
Repu'lsive. adj. [from repulfe.] Driving off; having tl.e
power to beat back or drive off.
The parts of the fait of vitriol recede from one another,
and endeavour to expand themfelves, and get as far afunder
as the quantity of water, in which they float, will allow ;
artd does not this endeavour imply, that they have a repuljive
force by which they fly from one another, or that they attradt
the water more ftrongly than one another ? Newton's Opticks.
To Repu'rchase. v. a. [re and purchaje.] To buy again.
Once more we fit on England’s royal throne;
Repurchas'd with the blood of enemies;
What valiant foe-men, like to autumn’s corn.
Have we mow’d down in top of all their pride ? Shakefp.
If the fon alien thofe lands, and repurcbsje them again in
fee, the rules of defeents are to be obferved, as if he were
the original purchafer. Hale's Law ofEngland.
Reputable, adj. [from repute.] Honourable ; not infamous.
If ever any vice {hall become reputable, and be gloried in as
a mark of greatnefs, what can we then expert from the man
of honour, but to fignalize himfelf. Rogers's Sermons.
In the article of danger, it is as reputable to elude an enemy
as defeat one. Broome.
Rep utably. adv. [from reputable.] Without diferedit.
To many fuch worthy magiftrates, who have thus reputably
filled the chief feats of power in this great city, I am now
addreffing my difeourfe. Atterburys Sermons.
Reputa/tion. n.f. [reputation; Fr, from repute} Credit;
honour; character of good.
Reputation is an idle and mod falfe impofition ; oft got
without merit, and loft without deferving : you have loft no
reputation-ex all, unlcfs you repute yourfelf fuch a lofer. Shale.
Verfoy, upon the lake of Geneva, has the reputation of
being extremely poor and beggarly. Addifon.
A third interprets motions, looks and eyes ;
At ev’ry word a reputation dies. Pope’s Rape ofthe Lock.
To REPU' I E. v. a. [reputo, Lat. reputer, Fr.] To hold ;
to account; to think.
The king was reputed a prince moft prudent. Shakefp.
I do repute her grace
The rightful heir to England’s royal feat. Shakefp.
I do know of thofe,
That therefore only are reputed wife.
For faying nothing. Shakejp. Merchant of Venice.
Men, fuch as chufe
Law practice for mere gain, boldly repute
Worfe than embrothel’d ltrumpets proftitute^ Donne.
If the grand vizier be fo great, as he is reputed, in politicks
he will never eonfent to an invafton of Hungary. Temple.
Repu'te. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Characler; reputation.
2. Eftablifhed opinion.
He who reigns
Monarch in heav’n, till then as onfe fecure;
Sat on his throne, upheld by old repute. Milton.
Repu'teless. adj. [from repute.] Difreputable ; difgraceful.
A word not inelegant, but out of ufe.
Opinion, that did help me to the crown,
Had left me in reputclejs bamfhment,
A fellow of no mark nor livelihood. Shakejp. Hen. V.
REQUE'ST. n.f. [reqtitjle, Fr.]
i. Petition; entreaty.
But afk what you would have reform d,
I will both hear and grant you your requejh. Shakefp.
Hainan ftood up to make rcquejl lor his life to Efther. Ejlh.
R E Q
Shakefp.
All thy requcjl for man, accepted foil!
Obtain; all thy rcquejl was my decree. Milton's Par. Left.
Afk him to lend
To this, the laft > cq-cjl that I fliall fend,
A gentle ear-. Denham.
2. Demand ; repute ; credit ; ftate of being defired.
Tullus Aufidius will appear well in thefe wars, his great
oppofer Coriolanus being now in no rcquejl of his country.
Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Whilft this vanity of thinking, that men are obliged to
Write either fyftems or nothing, is in rcquejl, many excellent
notions are fuppreffed. Boyle.
Knowledge and fame were in as great rcquejl as wealth
among us r.ow; Temple.
To Request, v. a. [requejlsr, Fr.] To afk; tofolicite; to
entreat.
To-night we hold a folemn fupper, Sir,
And I’ll rcquejl your prefence. Shakefp. Macbeth.
It was to be requefted of Almighty God by prayer, that
thofe kings would ferioufly fulfil all that hope of peace; Knolles.
The virgin quire for her requejf
The god that fits at marriage feaft;
He at their invoking came,
But with a fcarce well-lighted flame. Milton.
In things not unlawful, great perfons cannot be properly
faid to requejf becaule all things confidered, they mult not
be denied. South's Sermons,
Requester, n.f. [from requeft.] Petitioner ; foliciter.
To RequFcken. v. a. [re and quicken.] To reanimate.
. By and by the din of war ’gan pierce
His ready fenfe; when ftraight his doubled fplrlt
Requicken'd what in flelh was fatigate,
And to the battle came he. Shakejp. Coriolanus>'.
RE'SJUIEM. n.f. [Latin.]
1. A hymn in which they implore for the dead requiem or reft.
We fhould profane the fervice of the dead.
To fing a requiem and fuch peace to her,
As to peace-parted fouls.
2. Reft ; quiet ; peace. Not in ufe.
The midwife kneel’d at my mother’s throes,
With pain produc’d, and nurs’d for future woes ;
Elfe had I an eternal requiem kept,
And in the arms of peace for ever flept. Sdndys.
Requirable. adj. [from require.] Fit to be required.
It contains the certain periods of times, and all circumftances requirable in a hiftory to inform. Hale.
To REQUI'RE. v. a. [requiroy Lat. requerir, Fr.]
1. To demand ; to afk a thing as of right.
Ye me require
A thing without the compafs of my wit;
For both the lineage and the certain fire;
From which I fprung, are from me hidden yet. Spenfer.
We do require them of you, fo to ufe them.
As we fliall find their merits. Shakefp. King Lear„
This, the very law of nature teacheth us to do; and this
the law of God requireth alfo at our hands. Spclman.
This imply’d
Subjection, but requir'd with gentle fway. AdiIton.
Oft our alliance other lands defir’d.
And what we feek of you, of us requir'd. Dryden.
God, when he gave the world in common to all mankind,
commanded men alfo to labour, and the penury of his con¬
dition required it. Locke.
2. To make neceffary ; to need.
The king’s bufinefs required hafte. I Sam. xxi. 8.
High from the ground the branches would require
Thy utmoft reach. Milton.
But why, alas ! do mortal men complain ;
God gives us wbathe knows our wants require,
And better things than thofe which we defire. Dryden.
RE'QUISITE. adj. [requifitus, Lat.] Neceffary; heedful,
required by the nature of things.
When God new modelled the world by the introduction
of a new religion, and that in the room of one fet up by hinifelf, it was requifite, that he fhould recommend it to the reafons of men with the fame authority and evidence that en¬
forced the former. South's Set mods.
Cold calleth the fpirits to fuccour, and therefore they can¬
not fo well clofe and go together in the head, which is ever
requifite to fleep. Bacon's Natural Hiftory,
Prepare your foul with all thofe neceffary graces, that are
more immediately requifite to this performance. JVakt.
Re'quisite. n.f. Any thing neceffary.
Res non parta labore, fed relifta, was thought by a poet to
be one of the requifites to a happy life. " Dryden.
For want of thefe requifites, moft of our ingenious young
men take up fome cried up Englifh poet, adore him, and imi¬
tate him,^without knowing wherein he is defective. Dryden.
I his God on his part has declared for the requifites on ours,
what we muft do to obtain thefe bleffuigs, is the great bufi¬
nefs ol us all to know. Wake,
Rf/quisitely,
RES RES
Re'quisitely. adv. [from requifite.] Neceffarily i in a re¬
quifite manner.
We difcern how requifitely the feveral parts of fcripture arc
fitted to feveral times, perfons, and occurrences. Boyle.
Re'quisiteness. n.f. [from requifite.] Neceftity ; the ftate
of being requifite.
Difcerning how exquifitely the feveral parts of fcripture
are fitted to the feveral times, perfons and occurrences in¬
tended, we fhall difeover ilot only the fenle of the obfeurer
paffages, but the requifitenefs of their having been written fo
obfeurely. _ Boyle.
Requi'tal. n.f. [from requite.]
I. Return for any good or bad office ; retaliation.
Should we take the quarrel of fermons in hand, and re¬
venge their caufe by requital, thrufting prayer in a manner
out of doors under colour of long preaching ? Hooker.
Since you
Wear your gentle limbs in my affairs.
Be bold, you do fo grow in my requital,
As nothing can unroot you. Shah. All's well that ends ivell.
We hear
Such goodnefs of yourjuftice, that our foul
Cannot but yield you forth to publick thanks,
Forerunning your requital. Shakefp. Meaf. for Meaf
I fee you are obfequious in your love, and I profefs requi¬
tal. Shakejpeare.
No merit their averfion can remove,
Nor ill requital can efface their love. Waller.
1. Reward ; recompenfe.
He afk’d me for a fong,
And in requital op’d his leathern ferip.
And fhew’d me fimples of a thoufand names.
Telling their ftrange and vigorous faculties. Milton.
I have ta’en a cordial,
Sent by the king or Haly, in requital
Of all my miferies, to make me happy. Denham.
In all the light that the heavens beftow upon this lower
world, though the lower world cannot equal their benefac¬
tion, yet with a kind of grateful return it refledls thofe rays,
that it cannot recompenfe ; fo that there is fome return how¬
ever, though there can be no requital. South's Sermons.
To REQUITE, v. a. [requiter,Fr.] To repay; to retaliate
good or ill; to recompenfe.
If he love me to madnefs, I fhall never requite him. Sbak.
He hath requited me evil for good. i Sam. xxv. 21.
Open not thine heart to every man, left he requite thee
with a fhreWd turn. Eccluf viii. 19.
When Jofeph’s brethren faw that their father was dead,
they faid, Jofeph will requite us all the evil we did. Genefis 1.
An avenger againft his enemies, and one that fhall requite
kindnefs to his friends. Eccluf. xxx. 6.
Him within protect from harms ;
He can requite thee, for he knows the charms
That call fame on fuch gentle adts as thefe. Milton.
Great idol of mankind, we neither claim
The praife of merit, nor afpire to fame !
*Tis all we beg thee to conceal from fight
Thofe adds of goodnefs which themfelves requite:
O let us ftill the fecret joy partake,
To follow virtue ev’n for virtue’s fake. Pope.
Unhappy Wallace,
Great patriot heroe ! ill requited chief ! Tbomfon.
Re'remouse. n.f. [hpep.emup, Saxon.] A bat.
Re'rewarH. n.f. The rear or laft troop.
Resa'le. n.f. [re and fale.] Sale at fecond hand.
Monopolies and coemption of wares for refale, where they
are not reftrained, are great means to enrich. Bacon.
To Resalu'te. v. a. [refaluto, Lat. rejaluer, Fr.J Tofalute
or greet anew.
We drew her up to land,
And trod ourfelves the refalutcd fand. Chapman.
To refalute the world with facred light,
Leucothea wak’d. Milton.
To Resai'l. v. a. [ie and fail.] To fail back.
From Pyle refailing, and the Spartan court.
Horrid to (peak ! in ambufh is decreed Pope's Odyjfey.
To Rescind, v. a. [refeindo, Lat. rejoinder, Fr.] To cut off;
to abrogate a law.
It is the impofing a facramental obligation upon him, which
being the condition, upon the performance whereof all the
promifes of endlefs blils are made over, it is not poffible to
rejeind or difclaim the Handing obliged by it. Hammond.
I fpake againft the teft, but was not heard ;
Thefe to rejeind, and peerage to reftore. Dryden.
Rescission, n.f. [refci/lion, Fr. rcjcifjus, Lat.] The adt of
cutting Off; abrogation.
If any infer rejiijfion of their eftate to have been for idola¬
try, that the governments of all idolatrous nations fhould be
alio diflolved, it followeth not. Bacon.
RescFssory. adj. [rcfcijfoire, Fr. refcijfus, Lat.l Having the
power to cut off.
To Re SCR IBE. v. a. [referibo, Lat. referire, Fr.J
r. To write back.
Whenever a prince on his being confuked referihes or writes
back Toleramus, he difpenies .with that act otherwife un*
lawful. Aylife's Pare' gon.
2. To write over again.
Calling for more paper to referlhc them, he fhewed him
the difference betwixt the ink-box and the fand-boX. Hcwel.
Re'script. n.f [referit, Fr. reJcAptum, Lat.] Edidt of an
emperour.
One finding a great mafs of money digged under ground*
and being fomewhat doubtful, fignified it to the emperor*
who made a refeript thus ; Ufe it. Bacon's Apophthegms).
The popes, in fuch cafes, where canons were lilent, did,
after the manner of the Roman emperors, wiite back their
determinations, which were ftiled rejciipts or decretal epiftles,
having the force of laws. Aylijfe's Pat ergon.
T o RESCUE, v. a. [refcorre, old Fr.J To fet free from any
violence, confinement, or danger.
Sir Scudamore, after long iorrow, in the end met with
Britomartis, who fuccoured him and rejhewedhls love. Spenf
My uncles both are flain in refining me. Sbakejp.
We’re befet with thieves ;
Refeue thy miftrefs, if thou be a man. Shakefp.
Dr. Bancroft underftood the church excellently, and had
almoft refeued it out of the hands ofthe Calvinian party. Clar.
He that is fo fure of his particular eledfion, as to refolve
he can never fall, if he commit thofe adls, againft'which
fcripture is plain, that they that do them fhall not inherit
eternal life, mutt neceffarily refolve, that nothing but the re¬
moving his fundamental error can 1 efeue him from the fuperftiudtive. Hammond.'s Fundamentals.
Who was that juft man, whom had not heav’n
Rejcu'd, had in his righteoufnefs been loft ? Milton,
Riches cannot refeue from the grave.
Which claims alike the monarch and the Have. Dryden.
Re'scue. n.f. [refeoujfe, refcojje, old Fr. refcujfus, low Lat.J
Deliverance from violence, danger, or confinement.
How comes it, you
Have holp to make this rescue. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Re'scuer. n.f. [from refeue.] One that refeues.
Resea'Rch. n.f [reeherche, Fr.] Enquiry; fearch.
By a fkilful application of thofe notices, may be gained in
fuch refearehes the accelerating and bettering of fruits, empty¬
ing mines and draining fens. Glanvill's Scepf
I fubmit thofe miftakes, into which I may have fallen, to
the better conlideration of others, who fhall have made refcarch into this bufinefs with more felicity. Holder.
A felicity adapted to every rank, fuch as the refearehes of
human wifdom fought for, but could not difeover. Rogers.
To Research, v. a. [rechercher, Fr.J To examine; to
enquire.
It is not eafy to refearch with due diftindlion, in the adtions
of eminent perfonages, both how much may have been blemifhed by the envy of others, and what was corrupted by
their own felicity. JVotton's Buckingham.
To Resea/t. v. a. [re and feat.] To feat again.
When he’s produc’d, will you refeat him
Upon his father’s throne ? Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
Resei'zer. n.f One that feizes again.
Reseizure, n.f [re anih J'eizure.] Repeated feizure; feizure
a fecond time.
Here we have the charter of foundation; it is now the
more eafy to judge of the forfeiture or refeizure ; deface the
image, and you diveft the right. Bacon.
Resemblance, n.f [refemblance, Fr.J Likenefs ; fimilitude ;
reprefentation.
Thefe fenfible things, which religion hath allowed, are
refemblanees formed according to things fpiritual, whereunto
they ferve as a hand to lead, and a way to diredh Hooker.
Faireft refemblance of thy maker fair.
Thee all things living gaze on. Milton.
One main end. of poetry and painting is to pleafe ; they
bear a great refemblance to each other. Dryden's Dufrtfnoy.
The quality produced hath commonly no refemblance with
the thing producing it; wherefore, we look on it as a bare
effedtof power. Locke.
They are but weak refemblanees of our intentions, faint and
imperfedt copies that may acquaint us with the general defign,
but can never exprefs the life of the original. AddiJ'on.
So chymifts boaft they have a pow’r,
From the dead afhes of a flow’r.
Some faint refemblance t<? produce.
But not the virtue. Swift's Mifcellanies.
I cannot help remarking the refemblance betwixt him and
our author in qualities, fame, and fortune. Pope.
To Resemble, v. a. [refembler, Fr.J
I. To compare ; to reprefent as like lomething elfe.
Moft fafely may we refemble ourfelves to God, in refpedt of
that pure faculty, which is never feparate from the love of
Qoc]> ' Raleigh's Hijlory of the World.
The torrid parts of Africk are refemblcd to a libbard’s Ikin,
the diftance of whofe fpots reprefent the difperfenefs of ha¬
bitations. Brerewood oh Languages.
8 2. Ta
RES
2.To be like ; to have likenefs to.
If we fee a man of virtues, mixed with infirmities, fall
into misfortune, we are afraid that the like misfortunes may
happen to ourfelves, who referable the character. Addifon.
To R i send. v. a. [re and fend.] To fend back ; to fend
atrain. Not in ufe.
I fent to her, by this fame coxcomb.
Tokens and letters, which (he did refend. Shakefp.
To RESE'NT. v. a {rejfentir, Fr.]
1. To take well or ill.
A ferious confideration of the mineral treafures of his ter¬
ritories, and the practical difeoveries of them by way of my
philolophical theory, he then lb well refented, that afterwards,
upon a mature digettion of my whole defign, he commanded
me to let your lordfhips underftand, how great an inclination
he hath to further fo hopeful a work. Bacon.
2. To take ill ; to confider as an injury or affront. This is
now the moil ulual fenfe.
Thou with fcorn
And anger would’ft refent the offer’d wrong. Milton.
Rese'nter. n. f. [from refent.] One who feels injuries deeply.
The earl was the worft philofopher, being a great refenter,
and a weak diffembler of the leaft difgrace. Wotton.
o
Rese'ntful. adj. [refent andfull.'] Malignant j eafily pro¬
voked to anger, and long retaining it.
Resf'mtingly. aclv. [from refenting.] With deep fenfe;
with ftrong perception ; with anger.
Hylobares judicioufly and refentingly recapitulates your main
reafonings. More's Divine Dialogues.
Resentment, n.f [reJfentiment^Ys.]
1. Strong perception of good or ill.
He retains vivid refentments of the more fc-lid morality.
Mo> e’s Divine Dialogues.
Some faces we admire and dote on ; others, in our impar¬
tial apprehenfions, no lefs deferving, we can behold without
refentment; yea, with an invincible difregard. Glanvill.
What he hath of fenfible evidence, the very grand work
of his demonftration, is but the knowledge of his own re¬
fentment ; but how the fame things appear to others, they
only know that are confcious to them ; and how they are in
themfelves, only he that made them. Glanvill's Scepf.
2. Deep fenfe of injury.
Can heav’nly minds fuch high refentment fhow.
Or exercife their fpight in human woe ? Dryden.
I cannot, without fome envy, and a juft refentment againft
the oppofite conduct of others, reflect upon that generofity,
wherewith the heads of a ftruggling faction treat thofe who
will undertake to hold a pen in their defence. Swift.
Reservation. n.f. [refervation, Fr.J
1. Referve ; concealment of fomething in the mind.
Nor had I any refervations in my own foul, when T paffed
that bill, nor repentirigs after. King Charles.
We fwear with Jefuitical equivocations and mental refer¬
vations. Sandcrfon againjl the Covenant.
2. Something kept back ; fomething not given up.
Ourfelf by monthly courfe.
With refervation of an hundred knights,
By you to be fuftain’d, fhall our abode
Make with you by due turns. Shakefp. King Lear.
This is academical refervation in matters of eafy truth, or
rather fceptical infidelity againft the evidence of reafon. Bro.
Thefe opinions Steele and his faeftion are endeavouring to
propagate among the people concerning the prefent miniftry ;
with what refe, vation to the honour of the queen, I cannot
determine. ' Swift's Mifcellanies.
3. Cuftody : ftate of being treafured up.
He will’d me.
In heedful’ft refervation, to beftow them
As notes, whole faculties inclufive were.
More than they of note. Shakefp.
"[Resf/rvatory. n.f [refervoir, Fr.j Place in which any
* thing is referved or kept.
How I got fuch notice of that fubterranean refervatory as to
make a computation of the water now concealed therein,
perufe the propofitions concerning earthquakes. Woodward.
To RESERVE, v. a. [;referver, Fr. refervo, Eat.]
1. To keep in ftore ; to fave to fome other purpofe.
I could add many probabilities of the names of places;
but they fliould be too long for this, and } referve them for
another. <$penfer's State of Ireland.
Haft thou feen the treafures of the hail, which I have re¬
ferved againft the day of trouble ? Job xxxviii. 23.
David houghed all the chariot horfes, but refervecl of them
for an hundred chariots. 2 Sam. viii. 4.
Flowers
Referv'd from night, and kept for thee in ftore. Milton.
2. To retain ; to keep ; to hold.
Referve thy ftate, with better judgment chock
This hideous ralhnefs. Shakefp.
Will he rejeive his anger for ever ? will he keep it to the
end ? Jer. iii. 5.
3. To lay up to a future time.
The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temp9
RES
tations, and to referve the unjuft unto the day of judgment to
be punifhed. 2 Peter fi. g.
The breach feems like the feiftures of an earthquake, and
threatens to fwallow all that attempt to clofe it, and referves
its cure only for omnipotence. Decay of Piety.
Conceal your efteem and love in your own breaft, and re¬
ferve your kind looks and language for private hours. Swift.
Rese'rve. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Store kept untouched.
The affent may be withheld updn this fuggeftion, that I
know not yet all that may be faid : and therefore, though I
be beaten, it is not neceffary I fhould yield, not knowing
what forces there are in referve behind. Locke.
2. Something kept for exigence.
The virgins, befides the oil in their lamps, carried Jikewife
a referve in fome other veffel for a continual fupply. Tillotfon.
3. Something concealed in the mind.
However any one may concur in the general fcheme, it is
ftill with certain referves and deviations, and with a falvo to
his own private judgement. Addifon's Freeholder.
4. Exception; prohibition.
Is knowledge fo defpis’d ?
Or envy, or what referve forbids to tafte ? Milton.
5. Exception in favour.
Each has fome darling luft, which pleads for a referve, and
which they would fain reconcile to the expectations of re¬
ligion. . _ Rogers's Sermons*
6. Modefty; caution in perfonal behaviour.
Ere guardian thought cou’d bring its fcatter’d aid.
My foul furpriz’d, and from herfelf disjoin’d,
Left all referve, and all the fex behind. Prior.
Re sf/rved. adj. [from referve.']
1. Modeft ; not loofely free.
To all obliging, yet referv'd to all,
None could himfelf the favour’d lover call. Waljh.-
2. Sullen ; not open ; not frank.
Nothing referv'd or fullen was to fee.
But fweet regards. Dryden
Rese'rVedly. adv. [from re erved.]
1. Not with franknefs ; not with opennefs ; with referve.
I muft give only Ihort hints, and write but obfeurely and
refervedly, until I have opportunity to exprefs my fentiments
with greater copioufnefs and perfpicuity. Woodward.
2. Scrupuloufly ; coldly.
He fpeaks re erv'dly, but he fpeaks with force;
Nor can a word be chang’d but for aworfe. Pope-.
Reservedness. n. f. [from referved.] Clofenefs ; want of
franknefs ; want of opennefs.
Obferve their gravity
And their refervednefs, their many cautions
Fitting their perfons. Benj. Johnfon's Cataline-.
By formality, I mean fomething more than ceremony and
complement, even a folemn refervednefs, which may well
confift with honefty. Wolton.
There was great warinefs and refervednefs, and fo great a
jealoufy of each other, that they had no mind to give or re¬
ceive vifits. Clarendon, b. viii.
Diffimulation can but juft guard a man within the compafs
of his own perfonal concerns, which yet may be more effec¬
tually done by that filence and refervednefs, that every man
may innocently pra&ife. South's Sermons.
Rese'rver. n.J. [from referve.] One that referves.
Reservoi'r. n. f. [reservoir, Fr.] Place where any thino- is
kept in ftore.
There is not a fpring or fountain, but are well provided
with huge cifterns and rejervoirs of rain and fnow-water. Add.
Who fees pale Mammon pine amidft his ftore,
Sees but a backward ftevvard for the poor ;
This year a rejervoir, to keep and fpare ;
The next, a fountain fpouting through his heir. Pope.
To RESF/TTLE. vc a. [re andfettle.] To fettle again.
Will the houfe of Auftria yield the leaft article, even of
ufurped prerogative, to rejettle the minds of thofe princes in
the alliance, who are alarmed at the confequences of the
emperor’s death. * Sivift*
Resettlement, n.f [from rcfettle.]
1. The a£t of fettling a^ain.
To the quieting of my paffions, and the refetilement of my
difeompofed foul, I confider that grief is the moft abfurd of
all the paffions. ~ Norris's Mifcellanies*
2. The ftate of fettling again.
Some roll their calk to mix it with the lees, and, after a
refetilement, they rack it. Mortimer's Hufoandry.
Resi'ance. n.f. [from refant.] Refidence; abode; dwel¬
ling. Refiance and refant are now only ufed in law.
The king forthwith tanifhed all Flemings out of his king¬
dom, commanding his merchant adventurers, which had a
p T'd’K T"- Henry Vlt.
RESI ANT. adj. [rcjjeant, Fr.j Refident; prefent in a place.
polyman was come as far as Sophia, where the Turks great
lieutenant in Europe is always refant, before that the Hunga¬
rians were aware.' Knolles's Hifory of the Turks.
1 he Allobroges here refant in Rome. Benj. Johnf
21 R To RESIDE.
RES
To RESI'DE. v. ft. [refdeo, Lat. refider, Fr.]
1. To have abode ; to live ; to dwell; to be prefent.
How can God with fuch reftde ? Milton.
In no fix’d place the happy fouls reftde ;
In groves we live, and lie on molly beds. Dryden s /Eneis.
2. [Reftde, Lat.] To fink; to fubfide ; to fall to the bottom.
Oil of vitriol and petroleum, a drachm of each, turn into
a mouldy fubftance ; there rcjiding in the bottom a fair cloud
and a thick oil on the top. Boyle.
Residence, n.f. [refidence, Fr.]
1. Adi of dwelling in a place.
Something holy lodges in that breaft.
And with thefe raptures moves the vocal air,
To teftify his hidden refdence. Milton.
There was a great familiarity between the confeflbr and
duke William ; for the confeflbr had often made confiderable
refidcnces in Normandy. Hale's Law of England.
2. Place of abode ; dwelling.
Within the infant rind of this fmall flower,
Poifon hath refidence and medicine power. Sbakefp.
Underftand the fame
Of filh within their wat’ry refidence. Miltons Par. Lojl.
Caprca had been the retirement of Auguftus for fome time,
and the refidence of Tiberius for feveral years. Addifon.
3. [From refido, Lat.] That which fettles at the bottom of
liquours.
Separation is wrought by weight, as in the ordinary refi¬
dence or fettlement of liquors. Bacon.
Our cleareft waters, and fuch as feem Ample unto fenfe,
are much compounded unto reafon, as may be obferved in
the evaporation of water, wherein, befides a terreous refi¬
dence, fome fait is alfo found. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Resident, adj. [refdens, Lat. refident, Fr.] Dwelling or
having abode in any place.
I am not concerned in this objection ; not thinking it neceflary, that Chrift Ihould be perfonally prefent or refident on
earth in the millenium. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
He is not faid to be refident in a place, who comes thither
with a purpofe of retiring immediately ; fo alfo he is faid to
be abfent, who is abfent with his family. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Re'sident. n.f. [from the adj.] An agent, minifter, or officer
reliding in any diftant place with the dignity of an ambaflador.
The pope fears the Englilh will fuffer nothing like a
refident or conful in his kingdoms. Addifon.
Residentiary, adj. [from refident.) Holding refidence.
Chrift was the conductor of the Ifraelites into the land of
Canaan, and their refidentiary guardian. More.
Resi'dual. ladj. [from refiduum, Lat.] Relating to the
Resi'duary. J refidue; relating to the part remaining.
’Tis enough to lofe the legacy, or the refiduary advantage
of the eftate left him by the deceafed. Aylijfe.
Re'sidue. n.f. [refdu, Fr. refiduum, Lat.] The remaining
part; that which is left.
The caufes are all fuch as expel the moft volatile parts of
the blood, and fix the refidue. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
ToResie'ge. v. a. [re andfege, Fr.] To feat again. Obfolete.
In wretched prifon long he did remain.
Till they outreigned had their utmoft date.
And then therein refeiged was again.
And ruled long with honourable ftate. Fairy fjueen, b. ii.
To RESFGN. v. a. [irefgner, Fr. refgno, Lat.]
1. To give up a claim or pofleffion.
Refign
Your crown and kingdom, indiredlly held. Shakefp.
I’ll to the king, and fignify to him.
That thus I have refign'd to you my charge. Shakefp.
To her thou didft refign thy place. Milton.
Phoebus refgns his darts, and Jove
His thunder, to the god of love. Denham.
Ev’ry Ifmena would refign her breaft j
And ev’ry dear Hippolytus be bleft. Prior.
2. To yield up.
Whoever fhall refign their reafons, either from the root of
deceit in themfelves, or inability to refill fuch trivial inganations from others, although their condition may place them
above the multitude, yet are they ftill within the line of
vulgarity. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Defirous to refign and render back
All I receiv’d. Milton.
Thole, who always refign their judgment to theJaft man
they heard or read, truth never finks into thofe men’s minds ;
but, cameleon-like, they take the colour of what is laid be¬
fore them, and as foon lofe and refign it to the next that
comes in their way. Locke.
3. To give up in confidence. With up cmphatical.
What more reafonable, than that we Ihould in all things
refign up ourfelves to the will of God. Tillotjon.
4. To fubmit; particularly to fubmit to providence.
Happy the man, who ftudies nature’s laws,
His mind pofleffing in a quiet ftate,
Fearlefs of fortune, and refign'd to fate: Dryden.
A firm, yet cautious, mind.
Sincere, though prudent j conftant, yet refign'd. Pope.
RES
5.To fubmit without refiftance or murmur.
What thou art, refign to death. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Resignation, n.f [refgnation, Fr.J
1. T he adt of refigning or giving up a claim or pofleffion.
Do that office of thine own good will ;
The refgnation of thy ftate and crown. Shakefp. Rich. II.
He intended to procure a refgnation of the rights of the
king’s majefty’s filters and others, entitled to the pofleffion of
the crown. Hayward.
2. Submiffion ; unrefifting acquiefcence.
We cannot expedl, that any one Ihould readily quit his own
opinion, and embrace ours, with a blind refgnation to an au¬
thority, which the underftanding acknowledges not. Locke.
There is a kind of fluggilh refgnation, as well as poornels
and degeneracy of fpirit, in a ftate of flavery, that very few
will recover themfelves out of it. Addifon.
3. Submiffion without murmur to the will of God.
Resi'gner. n.f. [from refign.] One that refigns.
Resi'gnment. n.f [from rejign.] Adt of reiigning.
Resilience, jn.f [from reflio, Lat.] The adl of ftarting
Resiliency, i or leaping back.
If you ftrike a ball fidelong, the rebound will be as much
the contrary way; whether there be any fuch reflience in
echoes, that is, whether a man lhall hear better if he Hand
afide the body repercuffing, than if he Hand where hefpeaketh,
may be tried. Bacon's Natural HiJlory.
Resi'lient. adj. [refliens, Lat.] Starting or fpringing back.
Resili'tion. n.f [reflio, Lat.j The adt of lpringing back ;
refilience.
RE'SIN. n.f. [refine, Fr. refna, Lat.] The fat fulphurous
parts of fome vegetable, which is natural or procured by art,
and will incorporate with oil or fpirit, not an aqueous menftruum. Quincy.
Re sinous, adj, [from refn\ refneux, Fr.] Containing relin ;
confifting ol relin.
Refnous gums, diflolved in fpirit of wine, are let fall again,
if the fpirit be copioufly diluted. Boyle on Colours.
Re'sinousness. n.f. [from refnous.] The quality of being
refinous.
Resipi'scence. n.f [refpifcence, Fr. refpifeentia, low Lat.]
Wifdom after the fadt ; repentance.
To RESIST, v. a. [refjlo, Lat. reffter, Fr.]
1. To oppofe ; to act againft.
All the regions
Do feemingly revolt; and, who refft,
Are mock’d for valiant ignorance.
And perilh conftant fools. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Submit to God ; refjl the devil, and he will flee. fa. iv.
2. To not admit impreffion or force.
Nor keen nor folid could refft that edge. Milton.
Resistance. ) [;reffance, Fr. This word, like many others,
Resi'stence. J is differently written, as it is fuppofed to have
come from the Latin or the French.]
1. Theadtof refilling; oppofition.
Demetrius, feeing thatthe land was quiet, and that no reffance was made againft him, fent away all his forces. 1 Mac.
2. The quality of not yielding to force or external impreffion.
The refjlance of bone to cold is greater than of flelh ; for
that the flelh Ihrinketh, but the bonQiefjleth, whereby the
cold becometh more eager. Bacon.
Mufick fo foftens and difarms the mind.
That not an arrow does reffance find. IValler.
The idea of folidity we receive by our touch, and it ariles
from the reffance which we find in body to the entrance of
any other body into the place it poflelles. Locke.
But that part of the reffence, which arifes from the vis
inertiae, is proportional to the denfity of the matter, and can¬
not be diminilhed by dividing the matter into fmaller parts,
nor by any other means, than by decreafing the denfity of
the medium. Newton's Opticks.
Resistibi'lity. n.f. [from reffible.] Quality of refilling.
Whether the refflibility of Adam’s realon did not equiva*
lence the facility of Eve’s ledudtion, we refer unto fchoolmen. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The name body, being the complex idea of extenfion and
refiftibility, together, in the fame fubjedl, thefe two ideas are
not exadtly one and the fame. Locke.
Resistible, adj. [from refft.'] That may be refilled.
That is irreliftible; this, though potent, yet is in its own na¬
ture refftible by the will of man ; though it many times pre¬
vails by its efficacy. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Resi'stless. adj. [from refft.] Irrefiftable; that cannot be
oppofed.
Our own eyes do every where behold the fudden and refftlefs aflaults of death. Raleigh's Hiftory of the World.
All at once to force refftlefs way. Milton.
Since you can love, and yet your error fee.
The fame refftlefs power may plead for me. Dryden.
She chang’d her ftate j
Refftlefs in her love, as in her hate. Dryden.
Though thine eyes refftlefs glances dart,
A ftronger charm is thine, a generous heart. Logie.
Resolvable.
RES
Resolvable, adj. [from refolve.]
1. That may be analyfed or feparated.
Pride is of fuch intimate connexion with ingratitude, that
the actions of ingratitude feem dire£lly rtjolvable into pride,
as the principal reafon of them* South,
As the ferum of the blood is refolvable by a fmall heat, a
Greater heat coagulates, fo as to turn it horny like parchment> Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Capable of folution or of being made lefs obfeure.
The effect is wonderful in all, and the caufes beft refolvable
from obfervations made in the countries themfelves, the parts
through which they pafs. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Resoluble, adj. [rejoluble, Fr. re and folubil'ts, Lat.] That
may be melted or diffolved.
Three is not precifely the number of the diftinfil elements,
whereinto mixt bodies are refoluble by fire. Boyle.
To RESO'LVE. v. a. [refolvo, Lat. rejoudre, Fr.]
I. To inform ; to free from a doubt or difficulty.
In all things then are our confciences beft refolved, and in
moft agreeable fort unto God and nature refolved, when they
are fo far perfuaded, as thofe grounds of perl'uafion will
bear. Hooker, b. ii. f. 7.
Give me fome breath.
Before I pofitively fpeak in this;
I will refolve your grace immediately. Shakcfp. Rich. III.
I cannot brook delay, refolve me now ;
And what your pleafure is, Ihall fatisfy me. Shakefp.
Refolve me, ftrangers, whence and what you are ? Dryd.
To folve ; to clear.
Examine, fift, and refolve their alleged proofs, till you
come to the very root whence they fpring, and it Ihall clearly
appear, that the moft which can be infered upon fuch plenty
of divine teftimonies, is only this, that fome things, which
they maintain, do feem to have been out of feripture not abfurdly gathered. Hooker, b. ii.f. 7.
I refolve the riddle of their loyalty, and give them oppor¬
tunity to let the world fee, they mean not what they do, but
what they fay. King Charles.
He always bent himfelf rather judicioufly to refolve, than
by doubts to perplex a bufinefs. Hayward.
The gravers, when they have attained to the knowledge
of thefe repofes, will eafily refolve thofe difficulties which per¬
plex them. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
The man, who would refolve the work of fate.
May limit number. Prior.
Happinefs, it was prefently refolved by all, muft be fome
one uniform end, proportioned to the capacities of human
nature, attainable by every man, independent on fortune.
Rogers’s Sermofis
3. To fettle in an opinion.
Long fince we were refolved of your truth,
Your faithful fervice, and your toil in war. Shakefp.
4. To fix in a determination.
Good proof
This day affords, declaring thee refolv’d
To undergo with me one guilt. Milton.
I run to meet th’ alarms,
Refolv’d on death, refolv’d to die in arms. Dryden.
Refolv’d for fea, the Haves thy baggage pack ;
Nothing retards thy voyage, unlefs
Thy other lord forbids voluptuoufnefs. Dryden’s Perfus.
5. To fix in conftancy; to confirm.
Quit prefently the chapel, or refolve you
For more amazement:
I’ll make the ftatue move. Shakefp.
6. To melt; to diflolve.
Refolving is bringing a fluid, which is new concreted, into
the ftate of fluidity again. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Vegetable falts refolve the coagulated humours of a human
body, and attenuate, by ftimulating the folids, and diffolving
the fluids. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
7. Toanalife.
Into what can we refolve this ftrong inclination of mankind
to this error ? it is altogether unimaginable, but that the reafon of fo univerfal a confent fhould be conftant. Tillotfon.
Ye immortal fouls, who once were men.
And now refolv’d to elements agen. Dryden.
The decretals turn upon this point, and refolve all into a
monarchical power at Rome. Baker’s Reflections on Learning,
To Reso lve, v. n.
1. To determine; to decree within one’s felf.
Confirm’d, then I refolve
Adam Ihall Ihare with me. Milton.
Covetoufnefs is like the fea, that receives the tribute of all
rivers, though far unlike it in lending any back ; therefore
thofe, who have refolved upon the thriving fort of piety,
have feldom embarked all their hopes in one bottom. D.ofPi.
2. To melt; to be diffolved.
Have I not hideous death within my view ?
Retaining but a quantity of life,
Which bleeds away, ev’n as a form of W3X
Refolveth from its figure ’gainft the fire. Shakefp,
RES
No man condemn me, who has never felt
A woman’s power, or try’d the force of love;
All tempers yield and foften in thofe fires,
Our honours, interefts, refolving down.
Run in the gentle current of our joys. Southern’s Oroonoko.
When the blood ftagnates in any part, it firft coagulates,
then refolves and turns alkaline. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. To be fettled in opinion.
Let men refolve of that as they pleafe : this every intelli¬
gent being muft grant, that there is fomething that is himfelf,
that he would have happy. . Locke.
Reso'lve. n.f. [from the verb.] Refolution; fixed determination.
I’m glad, you thus continue your refolve,
To fuck the fweets of fweet philofophy. Shakefp.
When he fees
Himfelf by dogs, and dogs by men purfu’d,
He ftraight revokes his bold refolve, and more
Repents his courage, than his fear before. Denham.
Caefar’s approach has fummon’d us together,
And Rome attends her fate from our refolves. Addif Cato.
Reso'lvedly. adv. [from refolved.] With firmnefs and con¬
ftancy.
A man may be refolvedly patient unto death ; fo that it is
not the mediocrity of refolution, which makes the virtue ;
nor the extremity, which makes the vice. Grew’s Coflnol.
Reso'lvedness. n.f. [fromrefolved.'} Refolution; conftancy;
firmnefs.
This refolvednefs, this high fortitude in fin, can with no
reafon be imagined a preparative to its remiffion. D. ofPiety.
ResoTvent. n.f. [refolvens, Latin.] That which has the
power of caufing folution.
In the beginning of inflammation, they require repellents ;
and in the increafe, fomewhat of refolvents ought to be
mixed. TVifeman’s Surgery.
Laftefcent plants, as lettuce and endive, contain a moft
wholefome juice, refolvent of the bile, anodyne and cooling.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Reso'lver. n.f. [from refolve.]
1. One that forms a firm refolution.
Thy refolutions were not before fincere; confequently God
that faw that, cannot be thought to have juftified that unfincere refolver, that dead faith. Hammond’s PraCi. Catech.
2. One that diffolves; one that feparates parts.
It may be doubted, whether or no the fire be the genuine
and univerfal refolver of mixed bodies. Boyle.
RE'SOLUTE. adj. [refolu, Fr.] Determined; fixed ; con¬
ftant ; fteady; firm.
Be bloody, bold, and refolute; laugh to fcorn
The pow’r of man ; for none of woman born
Shall harm Macbeth. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Edward is at hand
Ready to fight; therefore be refolute. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Re'solutely. adv. [from, refolute.] Determinately; firmly;
conftantly; fteadily.
We refolutely muft.
To the few virtues that we have, be juft. Rofcommon.
A man, who lives a virtuous life, defpifes the pleafures of
fin, and notwithftanding all the allurements of fenfe perfifts
rejolutely in his courfe. Tillotfon’s Sermons.
Some of thofe fails he examines, fome he rejolutely denies ;
others he endeavours to extenuate, and the reft he diftorts
with unnatural turns. Swift’s Mifcellenies.
Re'soluteness. n.f. [from refolute.] Determinatenefs; ftate
of being fixed in refolution.
All that my refolutenefs to make ufe of my ears, not tongue,
could do, was to make them acquiefce. Boyle.
Resolution, n.f [refolutio, Lat. refolution, Fr.]
1. Ail of clearing difficulties.
In matters of antiquity, if their originals efcape due rela¬
tion, they fall into great obfeurities, and fuch as future ages
feldom reduce into a refolution. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
The unravelling and refolution of the difficulties, that arc
met with in the execution of the defign, are the end of an
aition. Dryden’s Oedipus.
2. Analyfis ; ail of feparating any thing into conftituent parts.
To the prefent impulfes of fenfe, memory and inftinit, all
the fagacities of brutes may be reduced; though witty men,
by analytical refolution, have chymically extracted an artifi¬
cial logick out of all their aitions. Hale's Orig. of Mankind.
3. Diflolution.
In the hot fprings of extreme cold countries, the firft heats
are unfufferable, which proceed out of the refolution of hu¬
midity congealed. Digby on Bodies.
4. [From refolute.] Fixed determination; fettled thought.
I’ th’ progrefs of this bufinefs,
Ere a determinate refolution,
The bilhop did require a refpite. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
O Lord, refolutions ot future reforming do not always fa¬
tisfy thy juftice, nor prevent thy vengeance for former milcarriages. King Charles,
We fpendour days in deliberating, and we end them with¬
out coming to any refolution. L’Eflrange.
How
RES RES
How much this is in every man’s power, by making refolutions to himfelf, is eafy to try. Locke.
The mode of the will, which anfwers to dubitation, may
be called fufpenfion; that which anfwers to invention, reflution: and that which, in the phantaftick will, is obftinacy,
is conftancy in the intellectual. Grew's Cofmol.
5. Conftancy ; firmnefs ; fteadinefs in good or bad.
The reft of the Helots, which were otherwife fcattered,
bent thitherward, with a new life of refolution ; as if their
captain had been a root, out of which their courage had
fprung. Sidney.
I would unftate myfelf to be in a due refolution. Shakefp.
They, who governed the parliament, had the refolution to
aft thofe monftrous things. Clarendon, b. viii.
What reinforcement we may gain from hope.
If not what refolution from defpair. Milton.
6. Determination of a caufe in courts of juftice.
Nor have we all the afts of parliament or of judicial reso¬
lutions, which might occafion fuch alterations. Hale.
Re solutive, adj. [refolutus, Lat. refolutifFr.) Having the
power to diffolve.
Resonance, n.f. [from refono^ Lat.] Sound; refound.
An ancient mufician informed me, that there were fome
famous lutes that attained not their full feafoning and beft reJbnance, till they were about fourfcore years old. Boyle.
Re'sonant. adj. [refonnant, Fr. refonans, Lat.J Refounding.
His volant touch
Fled and purfu’d tranfverfe the refonant fugue. Milton.
To Reso'rt. v. n. [reffortir, Fr.]
1. To have recourfe.
The king thought it time to refort to other counfels, and
to provide force to chaftife them, who had fo much defpifed
all his gentler remedies. Clarendon, b. ii.
2. To go publickly.
Thither fhall all the valiant youth refort,
And from his memory inflame their breafts
To matchlefs valour. Milton's Agoniftes.
Hither the heroes and the nymphs refort. Pope.
3. To repair to.
The fons of light
Halted, reforting to the fummons high. Milton.
To Argos’ realms the viftor god refrtSy
And enters cold Crotopus’ humble courts. Pope.
4. To fall back. In law.
The inheritance of the fon never reforted to the mother or
to any of her anceftors, but both were totally excluded from
the fucceflion. Hale's Law of England.
Reso'rt. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Frequency ; affembly ; meeting.
Unknown, unqueftion’d in that thick refort. Dryden.
2. Concourfe; confluence.
The like places of refort are frequented by men out of
place. Swift’s MijCellanies.
3. Aft of viflting.
Join with me to forbid him her refort. Shakefp.
4. [Reffort, Fr.] Movement; aftive power; fpring.
Some know the reforts and falls of buflnefs, that cannot
link into the main of it. Bacon's EJfays.
In fortune’s empire blindly thus we go,
We wander after pathlefs deftiny,
Whofe dark reforts fince prudence cannot know.
In vain it would provide for what fhall be. Dryden.
To Resou'nd. v. a. [refno, Lat. refonner, Fr.]
1. To echo ; to found back; to celebrate by found.
The lweet finger of Ifrael with his pfaltery loudly refounded
the innumerable benefits of the Almighty Creator. Peacham.
The found of hymns, wherewith thy throne
Incompafs’d fhall refound thee ever bleft. Milton.
2. To found ; to tell fo as to be heard far.
The man, for wifdom’s various arts renown’d,
Long exercis’d in woes, oh mufe ! refound. Pope.
3. To return founds ; to found with any noife.
With other echo late I taught your fhades.
To anfwer and refound far other fong. Milton.
To Resou'nd. v. n. To be echoed back.
What refounds in fable or romance of Uther’s fons. Milt.
What is common fame, which founds from all quarters of
the world, and refunds back to them again, but generally a
loud, rattling, impudent lye? South's Sermons.
Resou'rce. n.f. [It is commonly written reffource, which fee:
resource, Fr. Skinner derives it from refoudre, Fr. to fpring up.]
Some new or unexpected means that offer; refort; expedient.
Pallas view’d
His foes purfuing, and his friends purfu’d ;
l s d threatnings, mix’d with pray’ers, his laft refource;
W ith thefe to move their minds, with thofe to fire their
, force. Dryden.
To Reso w. v. a. [re andfw.) To fow anew.
Over wet at fowing time breedeth much dearth, infomuch
as they are forced to refw fummer corn.. Bacon.
To RespEA'K. v. n. [re and fpeak.] To anfwer.
The great cannon to the clouds fhall tell.
And the king’s rowfe the heav’n fhall bruit again,
Refpeaking earthly thunder. Shakefp. Hamlet.
To RESPE'CT. v. a. [refpetluSyLat.]
1. To regard; to have regard to.
Claudio, I quake.
Left thou fhould’ft feven winters more refpeSl
'I han a perpetual honour. Shakefp. Meaf.for Meaf.
In orchards and gardens we do not fo much re,pc£l beauty,
as variety of ground for fruits, trees, and herbs. Bacon.
2. [Refpetler, Fr.] To confider with a lower degree ofreverence.
1l here is nothing more terrible to a guilty heart, than the
eye of a refpetled friend. Sidney.
Whoever taftes, let him with grateful heart
Refpetl that ancient loyal houfe. Philips.
I always loved and refpefied Sir William. Swift to Gay.
3. To have relation to.
4. To look toward.
The needle doth vary, as it approacheth the pole ; whereas,
were there fuch direftion from the rocks, upon a nearer approachment, it would more directly refpeci them. Brown.
Palladius advifeth, the front of his houfe fhould fo rejpctf
the South, that in the firft angle it receive the rifing rays of
the winter fun, and decline a little from the winter letting
thereof. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Respect; n.f. [refpeft, Fr. refpetlusy Lat.]
1. Regard ; attention.
You have too much refpetl upon the world;
They lole it, that do buy it with much care. Shalefp.
I love
My country’s good with a refpeti more tender
Than mine own life. Shake,p. Coriolanus.
2. Reverence ; honour.
You know me dutiful, therefore
Let me not fhame refpefl; but give me leave
To take that courfe by your confent and voice. Shake rp.
iEneas muff be drawn a fuppliant to Dido, with rcfpetl in
hisgeftures, and humility in his eyes. Dryden's Dufrehoy.
I found the king abandon’d to negleft ;
Seen without awe, and ferv’d without refpet7. Prior.
3. Awful kindnefs.
He, that will have his fon have a refpeft for him, muft
have a great reverence for his fon. Locke.
4. Goodwill.
Pembroke has got
A thoufand pounds a year, for pure refpetl;
No other obligation ?
That promifes more thoufands. Shakefp. Henry VIH.
The Lord had refpeft unto Abel and his offering. Gen. iv.
5. Partial regard.
It is not good to have refpetl of perfons in judgment. Prov.
6. Reverend charafter.
Many of the beft refpetl in Rome,
Groaning under this age’s yoke,
Have wifh’d, that noble Brutus had his eyes. Shakefp.
7. Manner of treating others.
You muft ufe them with fit refpefls, according to thebonds of
nature ; but you are of kin to their perfons, not errors. Bacon.
The duke’s carriage was to the gentlemen of fair refpetl,
and bountiful to the foldier, according to any fpecial value
which he fpied in any. IVotton's Buckingham,
8. Confederation; motive.
Whatfoever fecret refpetls were likely to move them, for
contenting of their minds, Calvin returned. Hooker.
The love of him, and this refpetl belide;
For that mygrandfire was an Englifhman,
Awakes my confcience to confefs all this. Shakefp.
Since that refpetls of fortune are his Jove,
I fhall not be his wife. Shakefp. King Lear.
9. Relation ; regard.
In refpetl of the fuitors which attend you, do them what
right in juftice, and with as much fpeed as you may. Bacon.
I have reprefented to you the excellency of the chriftian
religion, in refpetl of its clear difeoveries of the nature of
God, and in refpetl of the perfection of its laws. Tillotfn.
Every thing which is imperfeft, as the world muft be ac¬
knowledged in many refpetls3 had fome caufe which pro¬
duced it. Tillotfn.
They believed but one fupreme deity, which, with refpetl
to the various benefits men received from him, had feveral
titles. Tillotfn.
Respecter, n.f. [from refpetl.) One that has partial regard.
Neither is any condition more honourable in the fight of
God than another; otherwife he would be a refpetler of per¬
fons : for he hath propofed the fame falvation to all. Swift.
Respectful, adj. [refpetl and full.) Ceremonious; full of
outward civility.
Will you be only, and for ever mine ?
From this dear bofom fhall I ne’er be torn ?
Or you grow cold, refpctlful, or forfworn ? Prior.
With humble joy, and with refpetlful fear.
The lift’ning people fhall his ftory hear. Prior.
Respe'ctfullv. adv. [from refpetlful.) With fome degree of
reverence.
To your glad genius facrifice this day.
Let common meats refgetlfully give way. Dryden.
Respective.
' RE S
Respective. adj. [from refpetl. ]
1. Particular ; relating to particular perfons or things.
Mofes mentions the immediate caufes, and St. Peter the
more remote and fundamental caufes, that conftitution of the
heavens, and that conftitution of the earth, in reference to
their refpettive waters, which made that world obnoxious to
a deluge. Burnet's Theory of the Earth,
When i'o many prefent themfelvfs before their refpettive
magiftrates to take the oaths, it may not be improperto awaken
a due fenfe of their engagements. Addifon.
2. [Re/peflfy Fr.] -Relative ; not abfolute.
r.I he medium intended is not an abfolute, but a refpettive
medium : the proportion recommended to all is the lame ;
but the things to be dclired in this proportion will vary. Reg.
3. Worthy of reverence. Not in ufe.
What Ihould it be, that he refpeefts in her.
But I can make refpettive in myfelf. Shaktfp:
4. Accurate; nice; careful; caurious. Obfolete.
Refpettive and wary men had rather feek quietly their own,
and wiflh that the world may go well, fo it be not Ions; of
them, than with pain and hazard make themfelves advTfers
for the common good. _ Hooker, L v. f r.
He was exceeding refpettive and precife. Raleigh.
Respectively, adv. [from refpettive.]
1.Particularly ; as each belongs to each.
The interruption of trade between the Englifh and Flemifh
began to pinch the merchants of both nations, which moved
them by all means to difpofe their fovereigns refpetiively to
open the intercourfe again. Bacon.
The impreffions from the objects of the fenfes do mingle
refpetiively every one with his kind. Bacon's Natural Hiftory.
Good and evil are in morality, as the Eaft and Weft are in
the frame of the world, founded in and divided by that fixed
and unalterable fituation, which they have refpetiively in the
whole body of the univerfe. South's Sermons.
The principles of thofe governments are refpetiively de¬
claimed and abhorred by all the men of fenfe and virtue in
both parties. Addifon s Freeholder^ N» 54.
2. Relatively ; not abfolutely.
If there had been no other choice, but that Adam had been
left to the univerfal, Mofes would not then have faid, eaftward in Eden, feeing the world hath not Eaft nor Weft, but
refpetiively. Raleigh's Hi/lory of the World,
3. Partially; with refpeeft to private views. Obfolete.
Among the minifters themfelves, one being fo far in eftimation above the reft, the voices of the reft were likely to
be given for the moft jfart refpetiively with a kind of fecret
dependency. Hooker's Preface.
4. With great reverence. Not in ufe.
Honeft Flaminius, you. are very refpetiively welcome. Shak.
RespeNsion. n. f. [rejperfio^ljzt.] The aeft of fprinkling.
RespiraTioN. n. f [refpiration, Fr. refpiratio, from refpiro,
Lat.]
1. The a£! of breathing.
Apollonius of Tyana affirmed, that the ebbing and flow¬
ing of the fea was the refpiration of the world, drawing in
water as breath, and putting it forth again. Bacon.
Syrups or other expe&oratives do not advantage in coughs,
by flipping down between the. epiglottis ; for, as I inftanced
before, that muft neceffarly occalion a greater cough and
. difficulty of refpiration. Harvey on Confumptions.
The author of nature foreknew the neceffity of rains and
.. dews to the prefent ftruciure of plants, and the ufes of rejpiration to animals ; and therefore created thofe correfpondent
properties in the atmofphere. Bentley's Sermons.
2. Relief from toil. v
Till the day
Appear of refpiration to the juft.
And vengeance to the wicked. Miltons Par. Lofty b. xii.
To Respire, v.n. [rejpiroy Lat. refpirer, Fr.]
1. To breathe*
^ 7 he ladies gafp’d, and fcarcely could refpire ;
I he breath they drew, no longer air, but lire,
The fainty knights were fcorch’d. Dryden.
2. To catch breath.
Till breathlefs bdth themfelves aftde retire.
Where foaming wrath, their cruel tulles they whet.
And trample th’ earth the whiles they may refpire. F. 9.
1, a prisoner chain'd, fcarce freely draw
7'he air nnpriCon'd a!fo, clofe and damp,
Unwhoiefome draught; but here I feel amends,
7'he breath of heav’n frelh blowing, pure, and fweet
With day-fpring born ; here leave me to refpire, Milton.
3. To reft ; to take reft from toil.
Hark ! lie ftrikes the golden lyre ;
And fee ! the tortur’d ghofts refpire,
See fhady forms advance ! Pope's St. Qecilia.
RESPITE, n.f. [refpit, Fr.J
Reprieve ; fulpenlion of a capita] fentence.
I had hope to Ipend
Quiet, though lad, the rejpite of that day,
1 hat mull be mortal 10 11s both.
P>nr.
R E S
Wifdom and eloquence in vain would plead
One moment's rejpite for the learned head ;
judges of writings and ol men have dy’d.
2. Paule ; interval.
7'he fox then counfel’d th’ ape, for to require
Rejpite till morrow t’ anfwer his delire. Hubberd's Tile,
7 his cuftomary war, which troubleth all the world, giveth
little re pile or breathing time of peace, doth ufually borrow
pretence from the neceftary, to make itfelf appear more
honeft. Raleigh's Ej/ays.
Some paufe and refute only I require,
7'ill with my tears I lhaJl have quench’d my fire. Denham.
7'o RespiTe. v, a. [from the noun.j
1. To relieve by a paule.
In what bow’r or fhade
Thou find’ft him, frotn the heat of noon retir'd.
To rejpite his day-labour with repaft,
Or with repofe. Milton's Paradife Lofty b. V.
2. [Refpiter, old Fr.J Tofiifpend; to delay.
An aift palled for the fatisfadtion of the officers of the king’s
army, by which they were promifed payment, upon the publick taith, in November following; till which time they were
to refpite it, and be contented that the common foldiers and
inferior officers ftiouid be fatisfied upon their difbanding.
Clarendon.
Resple'ndence In.f [from refplendent.J Luftre ; brightResplendency- \ nefs; fplendour.
Son ! thou in whom my glory I behold
In full rcfplendencey heir of all my might. Milton.
To negledt that fupreme rej'plendency, that Chines in God,
for thofe dim reprefentations of it in the creature, is as abfurd
as it were for a Perfian to offer his facrifice to a parhelion inftead of adoring the fun. Boyle.
RESPLE'NDENT. adj. \refplendenSyHa.t..] Bright; fliining;
having a beautiful luftre.
Rich in commodities, beautiful in fituation, refplendent in
all glory. Camden?s Remains.
There all within full rich array’d he found.
With royal arras and refplendent gold. Fairy Queen,
The ancient eleeftrum had in it a fifth of filver to the gold,
and made a compound metal, as fit for moft ufes as goldfand
more refplendent. Bacon's Natural Hijtory.
Emprefs of this fair world, refplendent Eve ! Milton,
Every body looks moft fplendid and luminous in the light
of its own colour : cinnaber in the homogeneal light is moft
refplendent, in the green light it is manifeftly lefs rcfplendenty
in the blue light ftill lefs. Newton's Upticks,
Refplendent brafs, and more refplendent dames. Pope.
Resple'ndently. adv. [from refplendent.] With luftre;
brightly; fplendidly.
To RESPOND, v. n. \refpondeOy Lat. refptmdrey Fr.J
1. To anfwer. Little ufed.
2. To correfpond ; to fuit.
To ev’ry theme refponds thy various lay;
Here rowls a torrent, there meanders play. Broome.
Respondent, n.f [refpondens, Lat.J
1. An anfwerer in a fuit.
In giving an anfwer, the refpondent fhould be in court, and
perfonally admonifhed by the judge to anfwer the judge’s in¬
terrogation. Aylife's Parergon.
2. One whofe province, in a fet deputation, is to refute ob¬
jections.
How becomingly does Philopolis exercife his office, and
feafonably commit the opponent with the refpondent, like a
long practifed moderator r More's Divine Dialogues.
The refpondent may eafily fhew, that though wine may do
all this, yet it may be finally hurtful to the foul and body of
him. Watts's Logick.
Respo'nse. n.f. [refponfimy Lat.]
1. An anfwer.
Mere natural piety has taught men to receive the refponfesof the gods with all poffible veneration. Gov. of the Tongue.
The oracles, which had before flourifhed, began to droop*
and from giving refponfes in verfe, defeended to profe, and
within a while were utterly filenced. Hammond.
2. [Refponsy Fr.] Anfwer made by the congregation, fpeaking
alternately with the prieft in publick worfhip. °
To make his parifhioners kneel and join in the refponfes, he
gave every one of them a hafTock and common prayer book.
Addifon's Spectator, N112
3. Reply to an obje&ion in a formal deputation.
Let the refpondent not turn opponent; except in retorting;
the argument upon his adverfary after a direeft refponte • and
even this is allowed only as a confirmation of his own refp°nfe- Wattsfs Improvement of the Mind
Responsible, adj. [from refponfusy Lat.] J Mina.
1. Anfwerable ; accountable.
* fatiSfieS thVtCu tdHn? ne*s i he as much
feciLa ^ nhe‘YerS * and a11 this while he has his retreat
fecure, and Hand* not refponfibk for the truth of his
‘l 10n“' Government of the Tongue
re21 S
2. Capable
Milton,
RES
2,Capable of difeharging an obligation.
The neceffity of a proportion of money to trade depends
on money as a pledge, which writing cannot iiipply the place
of; fince the bill, I receive from one man, will not be ac¬
cepted as fecurity by another, he not knowing that the bi is
legal, or that the man bound is honeft or rejponfiblc. Locke.
Respo'nsibleness. n.f [from refponfible.J State of being
obliged or qualified to anfwer. .
Respo'nsion. n.f. [refponfto, Lat.] The aft of anfwermg.
Respo'nsive. adj. [rej'ponff, Fr. from refponfusy Lat. J
1. Anfwering ; making anfwer.
A certificate is a rcfponfve letter, or letter by way of an¬
fwer. Aylife's Parergon.
2. Correfpondent; fuited to fomething elfc.
Sing of love and gay defire,
Refponfwe to the warbling lyre. Fenton.
Be there Demodocus the bard of fame.
Taught by the gods to pleafe, when high he fings
The vocal lay lefponfive to the firings. _ Popes Odyfey.
Respo'nsory. adj. [refponforius, Lat.] Containing anfwer.
REST. n.f. [pep, Saxon j rufte, Dutch.]
1. Sleep ; repofe.
All things retir’d to rejl, mind us of like repofe. Milton.
My toft limbs are wearied into reft. Pope.
2. The final deep ; the quietnefs of death.
Oft with holy hymns he charm’d their ears;
For David left him, when he went to rejl,
His lyre. Dryden’s Pafon.
3. Stilnefs ; ceffation of motion.
Putrefaction afketh reft; for the fubtle motion, which pu¬
trefaction required), is difturbed by any agitation. Bacon.
What caufe mov’d the Creator, in his holy ref.
So late to build. Milton.
All things paft are equally and perfectly at reft; tand to
this way of confederation of them are all one, whether they
were before the world, or but yefterday. Locke.
4. Quiet; peace ; ceffation from difturbance.
Learn of me, for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye
fhall find rejt unto your fouls. Mat. xi. 29.
He criveth you rejl from all your enemies. Deut. xii. 10.
Though the righteous be prevented with death ; yet fhall
he be in reft. Wijd. iv. 7.
’Scap’d from fuch ftorms of pow’r, holding it beft
To be below herfelf to be at rejt. Daniel's Civil War.
The root cut off, from whence tbefe tumults rofe.
He fliould have reft, the commonwealth repofe. Daniel.
Thus fenc’d, but not at rejl or eafe of mind. Milton.
With what a load of vengeance am I preft.
Yet never, never, can I hope for reft;
For when my heavy burden I remove.
The weight falls down, and crufhes her I love. Dryden.
Like the lun, it had light and agility ; it knew no rejt but
in motion, no quiet but in aClivity. South’s Sermons.
Where can a frail man hide him ? in what arms
Shall a fhort life enjoy a little reft. Fanjhaiv.
Thither, where finners may have reft, I go. Pope.
The grave, where ev’n the great find rejt. Pope.
The midnight murderer
Invades the facred hour of filent reft. Anonym.
5. Ceffation from bodily labour.
There the weary be at reft. Job hi* Q*
6. Support; that on which any thing leans or refts.
Forth prick’d Clorinda from the throng.
And ’gainft Tancredie fet her fpear in rejt. Fairfax.
A man may think, that a mufket may be (hot oft as well
upon the arm, as upon a reft; but when all is done, good
counfel fetteth bufinefs ftraight. . aeon.
Their vizors clos’d, their lances in the reft,
Or at the helmet pointed, or the creft; #
They fpeed the race. Dryden’s Knight s Tale.
Take the handle in your right hand, and clafping the blade
of it in your left, lean it fteady upon the rejt, holding the
edge a little aflant over the work, fo as a corner of the thin
fide of the chiffel may bear upon the reft, and the flat fide
of the chiffel may make a fmall angle with the reft. Moxon.
7. Place of repofe.
Suftain’d by him with comforts, till we end .
In dull, our final rejl and native home. Milton.
8. Final hope. . ,
He fets up his reft, to do more exploits with his mace, than
a maurice pike. Shakefp.Com. ofErr.
Sea fights have been final to the war, but this is, when
princes fet up their reft upon the battle. Bacon.
This anfwer would render their counfels of lefs revel ence
to the people, if, upon thofe reafons, they fhould recede from
what they had, with that confidence and difdain of the houfe
of peers, demanded of the king ; they therefore refolved to
let up their reft upon that flake, and to go through with it, or
perifh in the attempt. Clarendon.
o. [Refte, Fr. quod reftat, Latin.] Remainder ; what re¬
mainsReligion gives part of its reward in hand, the prefentccmR E S
fort of having done our duty; and for the reft> it offers us
the beft fecurity that heaven can give. Tillotjon*
The pow’r in gldry fhone,
By her bent bow and her keen arrows known
The reft a huntrefs. Dryden s Knight’s Tale.
Rest. adj. [rcj'tes> Fr. quod reftat, Lat.] Others ; thole not
included in any propofition.
By defcription uf their qualities, many things may be
learned concerning the reft of the inhabitants. Abbot.
They had no other conftderation of the publick, than thatno
difturbance might interrupt their quiet in their own days ; and
that the rejt, who had larger hearts and more publick fpirits,
would extend their labour, adlivity, and advice only to fecure
the empire at home by all peaceable arts. Clarendon.
Plato, and the rejt of the philofophers, acknowledged the
unity, power, wifdom, goodnefs, and proyidence of the fupreme God. Stillingfeet.
Arm’d like the reft, the Trojan prince appears.
And by his pious labour urges theirs. Dryden.
Upon fo equal terms did they all Hand, that no one had a
fairer pretence of right than the reft. Woodward.
To Rest. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To fleep j to be afteep; to dumber.
Fancy then retires
Into her private cell, when nature rejls. Milton.
2. To fleep the final fleep ; to die.
I£cov vvnibv
Koiy-ooToa" Svjfintnu [xv Xeye tk? dyix.S'v;.
Glad I’d lay me down.
As in my mother’s lap ; there I fhould rejl
And fleep fecure. Milton.
3. To be at quiet; to be at peace ; to be without difturbance.
Thither let us tend
From off thetoffing of thefe fiery waves.
There rejl, if any reft can harbour there. Milton.
4. To be without motion; to beftill.
Over the tent a cloud fhall rejl by day. Milton.
5. To be fixed in any flate or opinion.
He will not reft content, though thou giveft many gifts.
Prov. vi. 35.
Every creature has a fhare in the common bleffings of pro¬
vidence ; and every creature fhould reft well fatisfied with its
proportion in them. L’Eftrange.
After fuch a lord I reft fecure.
Thou wilt no foreign reins or Trojan load endure. Dryden.
There yet furvives the lawful heir
Of Sancho’s blood, whom, when I fhall produce,
I rejt affur’d to fee you pale with fear. Dryden.
6. To ceafe from labour.
Six days thou fhalt do thy work, and on the feventh day
thou fhalt reft. Exodus xxiii. 12.
The ark went before, to fearch out a rejting place for
them. Numb. x. 33.
From work rejling he blefs’d the feventh day. Milton.
When you enter into the regions of death, you reft firom all
your labours and your fears. Taylor’s Rule ofLiving Holy.
7. To t>e fatisfied ; to acquiefce.
To urge the foe to battle.
Prompted by blind revenge and wild defpair,
Were to refufe th’ awards of providence.
And not to rejt in heaven’s determination. Addifon.
8. To lean ; to be fupported.
As the vex’d world, to find repofe, at laft
Itfelf into Auguftus’ arms did call;
So England now doth, with like toil oppreft.
Her weary head upon your bofom reft. Waller.
On him I refted,
And, not without conftd’ring, fix’d my fate. Dryden.
Sometimes it refts upon teftimony, when teftimony of right
has nothing to do ; becaufe it is eafier to believe, than to be
fcientifically inflruded. Locke.
The philofophical ufe of words conveys the precife notions
of things, which the mind may reft upon, and be fatisfied
with, in its fearch after knowledge. Locke.
9. [Refto, Lat. re/ler, Fr.] To be left; to remain.
Fall’n he is; and now
What refts, but thatthe mortal fentence pafs
On his tranfgrefiion. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. x.
There refteth the comparative ; that is, its being granted,
that it is either lawful or binding, yet whether other things be
not prefered before it, as extirpation of herefies. Bacon.
To Rest. v. a.
1. To lay to reft.
Your piety has paid
All needful rites, to reft my wand’ring ftiade. Dryden.
2. To place as on a fupport. . .
Resta'gnant. adj. Srejtagnans> Lat.] Remaining without
flow or motion. . . . , ,
Upon the tops of high mountains, the air, which bears
againft the reftagnant quickfilver, is Id's preffed by the lefs
ponderous incumbent air. Boyle.
To RE-
RES R E S
To RESTA'GNATE, v. n. [re and fiagnate.] 1 o Hand
"Creturns thick, and is apt to reftagnate. Mfeman.
Restacna'tign. n.f [from reftagnate.J 1 he date ot Hand¬
ing wUhout flow, courfe, or
Rpwaura'tioK. n.f. [rejlauro, Lat.J The ad of recoveri„o to the former Hate.
Adam is in us an original caufe of our nature, and of that
corruption of nature which caufeth death;. Chrill as the
caufe original of rejlauration to life. Hooker, b. v.f 56.
W q my dear father ! rejlauration hang
Thy medicine on my lips ; and let this kifs
Repair thofe violent harms, that my two fillers
Have in thy reverence made. Sbakejp. King Lear.
Spermatical parts will not admit a regeneration, much lefs
will they receive an integral rejlauration. Brown.
To Rested, v. a. [re and/rm.J To lorce back againlt the
current.
How they rejlem
Their backward courfe, bearing with frank appearance
Toward Cyprus. Sbakejp. Othello.
Rt/STFUL. ad), [reji and ful.) Quiet; being at reft.
Is not my arm of length.
That reacheth from the rejlful Englilh court.
As far as Calais to my uncle’s head. Sbakefp. Rich. III.
Restha'rrow. n.f. A plant.
Reftharrow hath a papilionaceous flower, which is fucceeded- by a fwelling pod, and which is fometimes long, and at
other times Ihort; is bivalve, and filled with kidney-lhaped
feeds. Miller.
RESTI'FF. ad), [reftif, Fr. reftivo, Ital.J
I, Unwilling to ftir; refolute againlt going forward ; obftinate ;
* ftubborn. ° It is originally ufed of an horfe, that, though not
wearied, will not be driven forward.
All, who before him did afeend the throne,
Labour’d to draw three rejtive nations on. Rofcommon.
This reftijf ftubbornefs is never to be excufed under any
pretence whatfoever. F Eftrange.
Some, with ftudious care.
Their reftijf fteeds in fandy plains prepare. Dryden.
The archangel, when difeord was rejtive, and would not
be drawn from her beloved monaftery with fair words, drags
her out with many ftripes. Dryden s Dedication to Juvenal.
So James the drowfy genius wakes
Of Britain, long entranc’d in charms,
Rejtijf> and flumb’ring on its arms. . _ Dryden.
The pamper’d colt will difeipline difdain.
Impatient of the lafh, and reftiffto the rein. Dryden.
2. Being at reft; being lefs in motion. Not ufed.
Rallies ofteneft happen upon the left fide ; the moft vigo¬
rous part protecting itfelf, and protruding the matter upon the
. weaker and rejtivefide. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Resti'fness. n.f. [from reftijf.] Obftinate reluctance.
Overt virtues bring forth praife ; but fecret virtues bring
forth fortune : certain deliveries of a man’s felf, which the
Spanilh name defemboltura, partly expreffeth, where there be
not Hands nor rejtivenejs in a man’s nature ; but the wheels
of his mind keep way with the wheels of his fortune. Bacon.
That it gave occafion to fome men’s further reftivenefs, is
imputable to their own depraved tempers. King Charles.
Restjl'nction. n.f. [reftindius, Lat.J 1 he a£t of extinguilhing.
Restitution, n. f. [;reftitutio, Lat.J
1. The aCl of reftoring what is loft or taken away.
To fubdue an ufurper, Ihould be no unjuft enterprife or
wrongful war, but a reftitution of ancient rights unto the
crown of England, from whence they were moft unjuftly ex¬
pelled and long kept out. Spenfer on Ireland.
He would pawn his fortunes
To hopelefs rejtitution, fo he might
Be call’d your vanquilher. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Now is Cupid a child of confidence, he makes reftitution.
Sbakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
He reftitution to the value makes ;
Norjoy in his extorted treafure takes, Sandys.
Whofoever is an effective real caufe of doing a neighbour
wron^, by what inftrument foever he does it, is bound to
make&reftitution. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
In cafe our offence againft God hath been complicated
with injury to men, it is but reafonable we Ihould make re0tutie„. Tillotfon’s Sermons.
J A great man, who has never been known willingly to pay
a juft debt, ought not all of a fudden to be introduced, mak¬
ing reftitution of thoufandl he has cheated : let it fuffice to
pay twenty pounds to a friend, who has loft his note. Arbutb.
2 The act of recovering its former ftate or pofture.
In the woody Iarts "f Planls> wl,icl! ir? ‘''T bTS> ,be
principle, are fo compounded, as to make them flexible with¬
out joints, and alfo elaffick ; that fo their roots may yield to
Hones, and their trunks to the wind, with a power of retiGrwsCoJmol.
Restless, ad), [from reft.]
1. Being without fleep.
Reftlefs he pafs’d the remnants of the night,
Till the fieill air proclaim’d the morning nigh :
And burning (hips, the martyrs of the light.
With paler fires beheld the eaftem iky. Drjdeifi
2. Unquiet; without peace.
Eafe to the body fome, none to the mind ,
From reftleIs thoughts, that like a deadly fwarm
Of hornets arm’d, no fooner found alone.
But rufii upon me thronging, and prelent
Times pall, what once I was, and what I m now. Muton.
Could we not. wake from that lethargick dream.
But to be reftlefs in a worfe extreme. Dcnffmf
We find our louls difordered and reftlefs, tolled and nquieted by paflions, ever feeking happinefs in the enjoyments
of this world, and ever miffing what they feek. Atterbury.
What tongue can fpeak the reftlefs monarch’s woes.
When God and Nathan were declar’d his foes. Prior.
3. Unconftant; unfettled.
He was ftout of courage, ftrong of hand.
Bold was his heart, and rejtle,s was his ipright. Fairfax.
He’s proud, fantalrick, apt to change,
Reftlefs at home, and ever prone to range. Dryden.
4. Not Hill; in continual motion.
How could nature on their orbs impofe
Such reftlefs revolution, day by day
Repeated. Milton.
Re'stlesly. adv. [from reftlefs.] Without reft ; unquietly.
When the mind calls and turns itfelf rejtlefy from one thing
to another, ftrains this power of the foul to apprehend, that to
judge, another to divide, a fourth to remember : thus tracing
out the nice and fcarce obfervable difference of fome things,
and the real agreement of others; at length it brings all the
ends of a long hypothefis together. South.
Restlessness, n.f. [from rejtlejs.]
1. Want of fleep.
Rejllefnefs and intermiffion from fleep, griev-ed perfons are
molefted with, whereby the blood is dried. Harvey.
2. Want of reft; unquietnefs.
Let him keep the reft,
But keep them with repining reftlefncfs l
Let him be rich and weary, that at leaft.
If goodnefs lead him not, yet wearineis
May tofs him to my brealt. Herbert.
3. Motion ; agitation.
The trembling reftlefnefs of the needle, in any but the north
point of the compafs, manifells its inclination to the pole'';
which its wavering and its reft bear equal witnefs to. Boyle.
Resto'rable. ad), [from reftore.] WEat may be reftored.
By cutting turf without any regularity, great quantities of
reftorable land are made utterly delperate. Swift.
Restoration.?!./ [from reftore; rejlauration, Fr.J The
a<ft of replacing in a former ftate. This is properly rejtauration.
Hail, royal Albion, hail to thee.
Thy longing people’s expetftation !
Sent from the gods to fet us free
From bondage and from ufurpation :
Behold the different climes agree.
Rejoicing in thy rejtoration. Dryden s Albion.
The Athenians, now deprived of the only perfon that was
able to recover their Ioffes, repent of their ralhneis, and en¬
deavour in vain for his rejtoration. Swift.
2. Recovery.
The change is great in this rejtoration of the man, from a
ftate of fpiritual darknefs, to a capacity of perceiving divine
truth. . Rogers.
Resto'rative. adj. [from reftore.] That which has the
power to recruit life.
Their tafte no knowledge works at leaft of evil ;
But life preferves, deftroys life’s enemy.
Hunger, with l’weet reftorative delight. Milton.
Resto’rative. n.f. [from reftoie.] A medicine that has the
power of recruiting life.
I will kifs thy lips ;
Haply fome poifon yet'doth hang on them,
To make me die with a reftorative. Sbakefp. Rom. and Jul.
God faw it neceffary by fuch mortifications to quench the
boundlefs rage of an infatiable intemperance, to make the
weaknefs of the flelh, the phyfick and rejtorative of the
fpjrit. South’s Se• mans.
Affes milk is an excellent reftorative in confumptiors. Mmt.
He preferibes an Englilh gallon of affes milk, efptcia'lv as
a reftorative. Arbuthnot.
To RESTORE, v. a. [reftaurer, Fr. reftauro, Lat.J
1. To give back what has been loft or taken away.
Reftore the man his wife. Gen. xx. 7.
He Ihall reftoie in the principal, and add the fifth part
more. Lev. vi. 5.
She lands him on his native Ihores,
And to his father’s longing arm§ rejtores. Dryden,
2. To bring back.
The father banilh’d virtue Hull reftore,
And crimes Ihall threat the tzuiltv world no n »re. Dryd.
w ' I hus
RES RES
Thu9 pencils can, by one flight tbuch, rejlore
Smiles to that changed face, that wept before. Dryden.
3* To retrieve; to bring back from degeneration, declenflon,
or ruin to its former ftate.
Thefe artificial experiments are but fo many efiays, whereby
men attempt to reftore themfelves from the firft general curie
infli&ed upon their labours. Wilkins's Mathem. Magick.
In his odyffes, Homer explains, that the hardeft difficulties
may be overcome by labour, and our fortune refored after the
fevereft affliaions. Prior.
4.To recover paffages in books from corruption.
Resto'rer. n.f. [from reftore.] One that reftores.
Next to the fon,
Deftin’d rejlorer of mankind, by whom
New heav’n and earth {hall to the ages rife. Milton.
I foretel you, as the reftorer of poetry. Dryden.
Here are ten thoufand perfons reduced to the neceffity of a
low diet and moderate exercife, who are the only great reftorers of our breed, without which, the nation would in an
age become one great hofpital. Swift.
ToRESTRAI'N. v. a. [reftreindre, Fr. rejlringo^ Lat.J
J. To withold ; to keep in.
If {he refrain'd the riots of your followers,
’Tis to fuch wholfome end as clears her. Shakcfp.
The gods will plague thee.
Thatthou refrain'ft from me the duty, which
To a mother’s part belongs. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
. To reprefs j to keep in awe.
The law of nature would be in vain, if there were no
body that, in the ftate of nature, had a power to execute
that law, and thereby preferve the innocent and refrain
offenders. Locke.
That all men may be refrained from doing hurt to one an¬
other, the execution of the law of nature is in that ftate put
into every man’s hand, whereby every one has a right to punifti the tranfgreflors to fuch a degree as may hinder its
'Violation. Locke.
3. To fupprefs ; to hinder ; to reprefs.
A heavy fummons lies like lead upon me.
Merciful pow’rs !
Refrain in me the curfed thoughts, that nature
Gives way to in repofe. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Compaffion gave him up to tears
A fpace, till firmer thoughts refrain'd excefs. Milton.
4. To abridge.
Me of my lawful pleafure {he refrain'd,
And pray’d me oft forbearance. Sbakefp. Cymbelim.
Though they two were committed, at leaft refrained of
their liberty, yet this difeovered too much of the humour of
the court. Clarendon, b. ii.
5. To hold in.
His horfe, with a half checked bit, and a headftall of
fheep’s leather, which being refrained to keep him from
ftumbling, hath been often burft, and now repaired with
knots. Sbakefpeare.
. To limit; to confine.
We refrain it to thofe only duties, which all men, by
force of natural wit, underftand to be fuch duties as concern
all men. Hooker, b. i. f. 8.
Upon what ground can a man promife himfelf a future re¬
pentance; who cannot promife himfelf a futurity ? whofe life
depends upon his breath, and is fo refrained to the prefent,
that it cannot fecure to itfelf the reverfion of the very next
minute. South's Sermohs.
Not only a metaphyfical or natural, but a moral univerfality alfo is to be refrained by a part of the predicate ; as all
the Italians are politicians; that is, thofe among the Italians,
who are politicians, are fubtle politicians j i. e. they are ge¬
nerally fo. Waits's Logick.
RestraFnable. adj. [from refrain.'] Capable to be reftrained.
Therein we muft not deny a liberty ; nor is the hand of
the painter more reft>ainable, than the pen of the poet. Bro.
Restrai'nedly. adv. [from refrained.] With reftraint;
without latitude.
That Chrift’s dying for all is the exprefs do&rine of the
feripture, is manifefted by the world, which is a word of the
wideft extent, and although it be fometimes ufed more refrainedly, yet never doth fignify a far fmaller difproportionable
part of the world. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Restrai'ner. n.f. [from refrain.] One that reftrains ; one
that witholds.
If nothing can relieve us, we muft with patience fubmit
unto that reftraint, and expe£t the will of the reftrainer.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Restrai nt. n.f [from refrain ; refrtint> Fr.J
J. Abridgement of liberty.
She will well excufe,
Why at this time the doors are barrd againft you j
Depart in patience,
And about evening come yourfelf alone,
To know the reafon of this ftrangc reftraint. Sbakefp.
\
1 requeft
Th’ enfranchifement of Arthur, whofe reftraint
Doth move the murm’ring lips of difeontent. Sbakefp.
It is to no purpofe to lay reftraints or give privileges to men,
in fuch general terms, as the particular perlons concerned
cannot be known by. Lode.
I think it a mamfeft difadvantage, and a great reftraint
upon us. Felton on the Ctajfcks.
2. Prohibition.
What mov’d our parents to tranlgrefs his will
For one rejlraint, lords of the world beiides ? Milton.
3. Limitation ; reftridfion.
If all were granted, yet it muft be maintained within any
bold reftraints, far otherwife than it is received. Broivn.
4. Repreffion ; hindrance of will ; a£l of withholding.
There is no reftraint to the Lord to fave, by many or by
few. 1 Sam. xiv. b.
Thus it {hall befal
Him who, to worth in women overtrufting.
Lets her will rule ; reftraint fhe will not brook. Milton.
Is there any thing, which refledls a greater luftre upon a
man’s perfon, than a fevere temperance and a reftraint of
himfelf from vicious pleafures ? South.
To RESTRFCT. v. a. [reftridlus, Lat.j To limit; to con¬
fine. A word fcarce Englifh.
In the enumeration of conftitutions in this chapter, there
is not one that can be limited and rejtridled by fuch a diftinction, nor can perhaps the fame perfon, in different circumftances, be properly confined to one or the other. Arbuthnot.
Restriction, n.f. [reftridiion^Yv.] Confinement; limita¬
tion.
This is to have the fame reftridlion with all other recrea¬
tions, that it be made a divertifement not a trade. Go. of Ton.
Iron manufa&ure, of all others, ought the leaft to be en¬
couraged in Ireland ; or, if it be, it requires the moft reftriciion
to certain places. Temple's Mifcellanies.
All duties are matter of confcience ; with this reftriciion,
that a fuperior obligation fufpends the force of an inferior.
L'Eftrange,
Each other gift, which God on man beftows.
Its proper bounds and due refridlion knows ;
To one fix’d purpofe dedicates its power. Prior.
Celfus’s rule, with the proper reftridiions, is good for people
in health. Arbuthnot.
Restrictive, adj. [from refridl.]
1. Expreffing limitation.
They, who would make the reftridlive particle belong to
the latter claufe, and not to the firft, do not attend to the
reafon. Stillingfeet’s Def ofDif on Roman Idols.
2. [Refridlif Fr.] Styptick ; aftringent.
I applied a plaifter over it, made up with my common reftridtiue powder. Wifeman's Surgery.
Restri'ctively. adv. [from reftridlive.] With limitation.
All fpeech, tending to the glory of God or the good of
man, is aright dire&ed ; which is not to be underftood lb reftridlivefyy as if nothing but divinity, or the neceffary con¬
cerns of human life, may lawfully be brought into difeourfe.
Government of the Tongue.
To Restri'nge. v. a. [reftringo^ Lat.j To limit; to con¬
fine.
Restri'ngent. n.f. [reftringens^ Lat. refringent^ Fr.] That
which hath the power of reftraining.
The two latter indicate phlebotomy for revulfion, reftringents to ftench, and incraffatives to thicken the blood. Harv.
Re'sty. adj. [reftijf, Fr.J Obftinate in {landing ftill. See
Restiff,
Come, our ftomachs
Will make what’s homely favoury, wearinefs
Can fnore upon the flint, when rej'ty floth
Finds the down pillow hard. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
Men of diferetion, whom people in power may with little
ceremony load as heavy as they pleafe, find them neither rej'ty
nor vicious. Swift.
To Resubu'me. v. a. [re andfublhne.] To fublime another
time.
When mercury fublimate is refublimed with frefh mercury,
it becomes mercurius dulcis, which is a white taftelefs earth
fcarce diflolvable in water, and mercurius dulcis refublimed
with fpirit of fait returns into mercury fublimate. Newton.
To Resu lt. v. 11. [rejidter, Fr. rcfulto, Lat.j
1. To fly back.
With many a weary ftep, and many a groan.
Up the high hill he heaves a huge round ftone ;
The huge round ftone, refulting with a bound,
Thunders impetuous down, and fmoaks along the ground.
* Pope's OdyfJ'ey.
2. [Refulter, Fr.J To rife as a confequence; to be produced
as the effetft of caufes jointly concurring.
Rue profpers much, if fet by a fig tree ; which is caufed,
not by reafon of friendffiip, but by extra&ion of a contrary
juice; the one drawing juice fit to refult fweet, the other
bitter. Bacon's Natural Hiftory,
Such
RES
Such huo-c extremes, when nature doth unite.
Wonder from thence refults, from thence delight. Denh.
Upon the diflolution of the firft earth, this very face of
'things would immediately rejult. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
Pleafure and peace do naturally refult from a holy and good
jjr Tillotfon's Sermons.
The horror of an object may overbear the pleafure refulting
from its greatnefs. Addifon.
Their efFe&s are often very diiproportionable to the pnntiples and parts that rejult from the analyfis. Baker.
o To arife as a conclufion from premiles.
Result, n.f [from the verb.]
i.Relilience; aft of flying back.
Sound is produced between the firing and the air, by the
return or the rejult of the ftring, which was ftrained by the
touch to his former place. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Conlequence ; effect produced by the concurrence of co¬
operating caufes.
Did my judgment tell me, that the proportions fent to me
.were the refults of the major part of their votes, I fhould then
not lufpedl my own judgement for not fpeedily.concurring
with them. King Charles.
As in perfumes, compos’d with art and coft,
’Tis hard to fay what feent is uppermoft.
Nor this part mufk or civet can we call,
Or amber, but a rich refidt of all:
So fhe was all a fweet, whofe ev’ry part,
In due proportion mix’d, proclaim’d the maker’s art. Dry.
Buying of land is the refult of a full and fatiated gain :
men in trade feldom lay out money upon land, till their profit
has brought in more than trade can employ. Locke.
3. Inference from premifes.
Thefe things are a lefult or judgment upon fa£t. South.
4. Refolve * decifion. Improper.
Rude, paffionate, and miftaken refults have, at certain
times, fallen from great afiemblies. Swift.
Resu'ltance. n.f. [refultance, Fr.J The a£f of refulting.
RESu'mable. adj. [from refume J What may be taken back.
This was but an indulgence, and therefore refurnable by
. the victor, unlefs there intervened any capitulation to the
contrary. Hale.
To RESWME. v. a. [;refumo, Lat.]
2,To take back what has been given.
. The fun, like this, from which our fight we have.
Gaz’d on too long, refumes the light he gave. Denham.
Sees not my love, how time refumes
The glory which he lent thefe flow’rs*
Though none fliou’d tafte of their perfumes,
Yet muii they live but fome few hours :
Time, what we forbear, devours. Waller.
2. To take back what has been taken away.
That opportunity,
Which then they had to take from’s, to refume
We have again. Shakefp. Cymbdine.
3. Totake again.
He’ll enter into glory* and refume his feat. Milton.
At this, v/ith look ferene, he rais’d his head *
Reafon refund her place, and paffion fled. Dryden.
4. Dryden ufes it with againt but improperly, unlefs the refumption be repeated.
To him our common grandfire of the main
Had giv’n to change his form, and chang’d, refume again.
Dryden.
<; To bep-in again what was broken ofF: as, to refume a
J OO
dijeourfe.
Resumption. n.f. [refomption, Fr. refumptus, Lat.] The
act of reluming.
And if there"be any fault in the laft, it is the refumption or
the dwelling too long upon his arguments Denham.
Resi/mptive. adj. [refumptus* Lat.] Taking back.
Resupina'tion. n.f. [refupino, Lat.] The a<ft of lying on
. the back.
To Resu'rvey. v. a. [re and furvey.] To review * to furvey again.
I have, with curfory eye, o’erglanc’d the articles}
Appoint fome of your council prefently
To fit with us, once more with better heed
To refurvey them. Shakefp. Henry V.
Resurrection, n. f [refurredion, Fr. refurredum, Lat.J
Revival from the dead * return from the grave.
The Sadduces were grieved, that they taught, and preached
' through Jefus the refurredion from the dead. Aits iv. 2.
Nor after refurredion Rail he flay
longer on earth, than certain times t’ appear
To his difciples. Milton.
He triumphs in his agonies, whilft the foul fpnngs forward to
the qreat obje<3 which ihe has always had in view, and leaves
the body with an expectation of being 1 emitted ^to her in a
glorious and joyful refurredion, _ Addifon s Spedaior.
" Perhaps there was nothing ever done in ail paft ages, and
which was not a publick fact, lb well attelted as the refur¬
redion of Chrift. Watts.
To RESUSCITATE, v. a. [rtfufeho, Latin.] Toftir up
anew * to revive.
R E T
We have beafts and birds for difTeftiohs, though diveri
parts, which you account vital, be perilhed and taken forth,
refufeitatim of fome that feem dead in appearance. Bacon.
Resuscitation. *.f [from refufeitate.] The a£t of ftlrring
up anew ; the aCt of reviving* or ftate of being revived.
Your very obliging manner of enquiring after me, at your
fefufcitation1 fhould have been fooner aafwered * I fincerely
rejoice at your recovery. Pope.
To RETAI'L. v. a. [;retailler, Fr.]
1. To divide into final] parcels.
Bound with triumphant garlands will I come.
And lead thy daughter to a conqueror’s bed *
To whom I will retail my conqueft won,
And fhe fhall be foie viCtrefs, Caefar’s Csefar. Shakefp. ,
2. To fell in fmall quantities.
All encouragement fhould be given to artificers * and thofe,
who make, fhould alfo vend and retail their commodities.Locke.
3. To fell at fecond hand.
The fage dame.
By names of toafts, retails each batter’d jade. Pope.
4. To tell in broken parts.
He is furnifh’d with no certainties,
More than he haply may retail from me. Shakefp.
Retai'l. n.f [from the verb.] Sale by fmall quantities.
The author, to prevent fuch a monopoly of fenfe, is refolved to deal in it himfelf by retail. Addifon.
We force a wretched trade by beating down the fale,
And felling bafqly by retail. Swift's Mifcellanies.
Retailer. n..f [from retail.] One who fells by fmall
quantities.
From thefe particulars we may guefs at the reft, as retailers
do of the whole piece, by taking a view of its ends. Hakew:
To RETAl'N. v. a. [retineo, Lat. retenhy Fr.]
1. To keep * not to lofe.
Where is the patience now.
That you fo oft have boafted to retain. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Though th’ offending part felt mortal pain,
TiY immortal part its knowledge did retain. Denham.
The vigor of this arm was never vain *
And that my wonted prowefs I retain,
Witnefs thefe heaps of daughter. Dryden.
A tomb and fun’ral honours I decreed ;
The place your armour and your name retains. Dryden.
Whatever ideas the mind can receive and contemplate
without the help of the body, it is reafonable to conclude, it
can retain without the help of the body too. Locks.
2. To keep * not to lay aftde.
Let me retain
The name and all the addition to a king;
The fway, beloved fons, be yours. Shakefp. King Lear.
As they did not like to retain God in their knowledge,
God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 22^
Although they retain the word mandrake in the text, yet
they retradt it in the margin. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Be obedient and retain
Unalterably firm his love entire. Milton.
They, who havereftored painting in Germany, not having
feen any of thofe fair reliques of antiquity, have retained much
of that barbarous method. Dryden.
3. To keep * not to difmifs.
Receive him that is mine own bowels * whom I would
have retained with me. Philcm. xii. 13.
Hollow rocks retain the found of bluft’ring winds. Milt.
4. To keep in pay * to hire.
A Benedidtine convent has now retained the moft learned fa¬
ther of their order to write in its defence. Addifon,
To Retai'n. v.n.
1. To belong to ; to depend on.
Thefe betray upon the tongue no heat nor corrofivenefs,
but coldnefs mixed with a fomewhat languid relifh retaining
to bitterneis. Boyle.
In animals many a&ions depend upon their living form, as^
well as that of mixtion, and though they wholly feem to re¬
tain to the body, depart upon difumon. Brown.
2. To keep * to continue. Not in ufe.
Nb more can impure man retain and move
In the pure region of that worthy love,
Than earthly fubftance can unforc’d afpire.
And leave his nature to converfe with fire. Donne,
Retai'neR- n.f. [from retain.']
1. An adherent.* a dependant: a hanger-on.
You now are mounted,
Where pow’rs are your retainers. Shakefp. Henry VlII,
One darling inclination of mankind affe&s to be a retainer
to religion * the fpirit of oppofition, that lived long before
chriftianity, and can eafily fubfift without it. Swift.
2. In cofnmon law, retainer fignifieth a fervant not menial nor
familiar, that is not dwelling in his houfe * but only ufing or
bearing his name or livery. Cowcl,
3. i he adf of keeping dependants, or being in deperdauce.
By another law, the king’s officers and farmers were toforfeit their places and holds, in cafe of unlawful retainer, or
partaking in unlawful afiemblies. Bacon's Henry VII.
21 T A com-
RET RET
A combination of honeft men would endeavour to extir¬
pate all the profligate immoral retainers to each fide, that have
nothing to recommend them but an implicit fubmiffion to
their leaders. Addifon $ Spectator.
To Reta'ke. v. a. [re and take.] To take again.
A day fhould be appointed, when the remonftrance fhould
be retaken into cdnflderation. Clarendon.
To RETA'LIATE. v. a. [re and talio, Lat.] To return by
giving like for like ; to repay ; to requite.
It is very unlucky, to be obliged to retaliate the injuries of
authors, whole works arc fo loon forgotten, that we are in
danger of appearing the firft aggreffors. Swift.
If a firft minifter of ftate had ufed me as you have done,
retaliating would be thought a mark of courage. Swift.
Retaliation, n.f. [from retaliate.] Requital; return of
like for like.
They thought it no irreligion to profecute the fevereft re¬
taliation or revenge ; fo that at the fame time their outward
man might be a faint, and their inward man a devil. South.
God, gracioufly becoming our debtor, takes what is done
to others as done to himfelf, and by promife obliges himfelf
to full retaliation. Calamy’s Sermons.
To RETA'RD. v. a. [retardo, Lat. retarder, Fr.]
1. To hinder ; to obftrudt in fwiftnefs of courfe.
How Iphitus with me, and Pelias
Slowly retire ; the one retarded was
By feeble age, the other by a wound. 'Denham.
2. To delay; to put off.
Nor kings nor nations
One moment can retard th’ appointed hour. Dryden.
It is as natural to delay a letter at fuch a feafon, as to re¬
tard a melancholy vifit to a perfon one cannot relieve. Pope.
To Retard, v. n. Toftayback.
Some years it hath alfo retarded, and come far later, than
ufually it was expedted. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Retarda'tion. n.f. [retardation, Fr. from retard.] Hin¬
drance; the adt of delaying.
Out of this a man may devife the means of altering the
colour of birds, and the retardation of hoary hairs. Bacon.
Reta'rder. n.f. [from retard.] Hinderer ; obftrudfer.
This difputing way of enquiry, is fo far from advancing
fcience, that it is no inconflderable retarder. Glanvi/l.
To Retch, v. n. [hpaecan, Saxon.] To force up fomething
from the ftomach.
Re'tchless. adj. [fometimes written wrctchlefs, properly rechlefs. See Reckless.] Carelefs.
He ftruggles into breath, and cries for aid ;
Then helplefs in his mother’s lap is laid :
He creeps, he walks, and ifluing into man,
Grudges their life, from whence his own began ;
Retchlefs of laws, affedts to rule alone. Dryden.
Retention, -n.f [retePtus, Lat.] The adt of difeovering
to the view.
This is rather a reftoration of a body to its own colour,
or a reteftion of its native colour, than a change. Boyle.
Retention, n.f. [retention, Fr. retentio, from retentus, Lat.]
1. The ad! of retaining.
No woman’s heart
' So big to hold fo much ; they lack retention. Shakefp.
A froward retention of cuftom is as turbulent a thing, as
an innovation ; and they, that reverence too much old things,
{ire but a fcorn to the new. Bacons Natural Hi/lory.
2. Retention and retentive faculty is that ftate of contraction in
the folid parts, which makes them hold fail their proper
contents. Quincy.
3. Memory.
The backward learner makes amends another way, ex¬
piating his want of docility with a deeper and a more rooted
retention. South s Sermons,
Retention is the keeping of thofe Ample ideas, which from
fenfation or reflection the mind hath received. Locke.
4. Limitation.
His life I gave him, and did thereto add
My love without retention orreftraint ;
All his. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
5. Cuftody ; confinement; reftraint.
I fent the old and miferable king
To fome retention and appointed guard. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Retf/ntive. adj. [retentus, Lat. retentif, Fr.]
1. Having the power of retention.
It keepeth fermons in memory, and doth in that refpedt,
although not feed the foul of man, yet help the retentive force
of that ftomach of the mind. Hooker.
Have I been ever free, and muft my houfe
Be my retentive enemy, my goal ? Shakefp.
From retentive cage
When fullen Philomel efcapes, her notes
She varies, and of paft imprifonment
Sweetly complains. Philips,
In i ot’nam fields the brethren with amaze
Prick all their ears up, and forget to graze ;
Long Chancery-lane retentive rolls the found.
And courts to courts return it round and round. Pope.
2. Having memory.
To remember a fong or tunc, our fouls muft be an har¬
mony continually running over in a filent whifper thofe mufical accents, which our retentive faculty is preferver or. Gian.
Rete'ntiveness. n.f. [from retentive.] Having the quality of
retention.
RlTicence. n.f. [reticence, Fr. reticcntia, from reticco, Lat.]
Concealment by filence. Dift.
Re'ticle. n.f. [reticuLm, Lat.] A fmall net. Di£l.
Reti'cular. adj. [from reticulum, Lat.] Having the form of
a fmall net.
Reti'culated. adj. [reticulatus, Lat.] Made of network;
formed with interftitial vacuities.
The intervals of the cavities, rifing a little, make a pretty
kind of reticulated work. JVoodward on Fojfils.
ReTiform. adj. [retiformis, Lat.] Having the form of a net.
The uveous coat and iniide of the choroides are blackened,
that the rays may not be reflected backwards to confound the
fight ; and if any be by the retiform coat reflected, they are
foon choakbd in the black infide of the uvea. Ray.
Reti'nue. n.f [retenue, Fr.] A number attending upon a
principal perfon ; a train ; a meiny.
Not only this your all licens’d fool.
But other of your infolent retinue,
Do hourly carp and quarrel. Shakefp. King Lear.
What followers, what retinue can’ft thou gain.
Or at thy heels the dizzy multitude.
Longer than thou can’ft feed them on thy coft ? Milton.
There appears
The long retinue of a profperous reign,
A feries of fuccefsful years. Dryden.
Neither pomp nor retinue (hall be able to divert the great,
nor ftiall the rich be relieved by the multitude of his treafurersj Rogers’s Sermons.
To RETFRE. v. n. [retirer, Fr.]
1. To retreat; to withdraw ; to go to a place of privacy.
The mind contracts herfelf, and fhrinketh in.
And to herfelf fne gladly doth retire. Davies.
The lefs I maybe bleft with her company, the more I will
retire to God and my own heart. King Charles.
Thou open’ll wifdom’s way.
And giv’ft accefs, though fecret fne retire. Milton.
The parliament diflolved, and gentlemen charged to retire
to their country habitations. PLayward.
2. To retreat from danger.
Set up the ftandard towards Zion, retire, ftay not. Jer.
Set Uriah in the fore front of the hotteft battle, and retire
ye from him, that he may die. 2 Sam. xi. 15.
From each hand with fpeed retir’d,
Where erft was thickeft th’ angelick throng. Milton.
3. To go from a publick ftation.
He, that had driven many out of their country, perillied
in a ftrange land, retiring to the Lacedemonians. 2 Mac. v.
4. To go olf from company.
The old fellow fkuttled out of the room, and retired. Ark.
To Reti're. v. a. To withdraw ; to take away.
He brake up his court, and retired himfelf, his wife, and
children into a foreft thereby.. Sidney.
They, full of rage, retired themfelves into this caftle. Sidn.
He, our hope, might have retir’d his power.
And driven into defpair an enemy’s hate. Shakefp.
Thenoe retire me to my Milan. Shakefp. TempejL
There may be as great a variety in retiring and withdrawing
men’s conceits in the world, as in obtruding them. Bacon.
As when the fun is prefent all the year.
And never doth retire his golden ray.
Needs muft the fpring be everlalling there.
And every feafon like the month of May. Davies.
Thefe actions in her clofet, all alone,
Retir'd within herfelf, Ihe doth fulfill. Davies.
After fome flight Ikirmilhes, he retired himfelf into the
caftle of Farnham. Clarendon,
Hydra-like, the fire
Lifts up his hundred heads to aim his way ;
And fearce the wealthy can one half retire,
Before he rufhes in to (hare the prey. Dryden.
RetFre. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Retreat; receflion.
I heard his praifes in purfuit.
But ne’er, till now, his fcandal of retire, Shakefp.
Thou haft talk’d
Of fallies and retires, of trenches, tents. Soakefp.
The battle and the retire of the Englilh fuccouis weie t e
caules of the lofs of that dutchy. Bacons Henry \1 ,
2. Retirement; place of privacy. Not in ufe.
Eve, who unfeen
Yet all had heard, with audible lament
Difcover’d foon the place of. her retire. Milton.
Retired, part. adj. [from retire.] Secret; private.
Language molt fhews a man; (peak that I may Ice thee it
forints out cf the molt retired and inmolt parts of us. B. John/.
* You find the mind in fleep retired from the fenfes, and out
of thefe motions made on the organs of fenfe. Lockt.
3 Sonic
R E T
Some, accuftomed to retired fpeculations, run natural philofophy into metaphyfical notions and the abftradt generalities
ol logick. Lode.
H(T was admitted into the mod fccrct and retired thoughts
and counfels of his royal mailer king William. Addijon.
Reti'redness. n.f. [from retired.] Solitude ; privacy; fccrecy.
Like one, who in her third widowhood doth profefs l
Herfelf a nun, ty’d to retirednefs, C
So afteils my mufe now a chaite fallownefs. Donne, j
How co.uld he have the leifure and retirednefs of the cloifter,
to perform all thofe acts of devotion in, when the burthen of
the reformation lay upon his ihoulders ? Atterbury.
Retirement, n. f. [from retire.]
1. Private abode ; fecret habitation.
My retirement there tempted me to divert thofe melancholy
thoughts. Denham s Dedication.
Caprea had been the retirement of Auguitus for fome time,
and the refidence of Tiberius for many years. Addifon.
2. Private way of life.
An elegant fufficiency, content.
Retirement, rural quiet, friendihip, books,
Progreffive virtue, and approving heaven. Thomfon.
3. A6t of withdrawing.
Short retirement urges fvveet return. Milton.
In this retirement of the mind from the fenfes, it retains a
yet more incoherent manner of thinking, which we call
dreaming. Locke.
Reto'ld. part. pall, of retell. Related or told again.
Whatever Harry Percy then had Paid
At fucli a time, with all the reft retold,
May reafonably die. Shakefp.
Upon his dead corpfe there was fuch mifufe
By thofe Welchwomen done, as may not be
Without much fhame retold or ipoken of. Shakefp.
To RETO RT. v. a. [retortus, Lat.]
1. To throw back.
His virtues, fhining upon others,
Heat them, and they retort that heat again
To the firft giver. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
He pafs’d through hoftile fcorn ;
And with retorted fcorn his back he turn’d. Milton.
2. To return any argument, cenfure, or incivility.
His proof will eafily be retorted, and the contrary proved,
by interrogating ; fhall the adulterer inherit the kingdom of
God ? if he fhall, what need I, that am now exhorted to re¬
form my life, reform it ? if he fhall not, then certainly I,
that am fuch, am none of the eleeft ; for all, that are elect,
fhall certainly inherit the kingdom cf God. Hammond.
What if toy fon
Prove difobedient, and reprov’d, retort»
Wherefore did’ft thou beget me ? Milton.
The refpondent may fhew, how the opponent’s argument
may be retorted againft himfelf. JVatts.
3. To curve back.
It would be tried hew the voice will be carried in an horn,
which is a line arched ; or in a trumpet, which is a line re¬
torted ; or in fome pipe that were finuous. Bacon.
Reto'rt. n. f. [rctorte, Fr. retortum, Lat.]
1. A cenfure or incivility returned.
I faid his beard was not cut well, he was in the mind it
was : this is called the retort courteous. Shakefp.
2. A chymical glafs veftel with a bent neck to which the re¬
ceiver is fitted.
Recent urine diftilled yields a limpid water ; and what re¬
mains at the bottom of the retort, is not acid nor alkaline. Arb.
Reto'rter. n.f. [from retort.] One that retorts.
Reto'rtion, n.f. [from retort.] The a£t of retorting.
ToReto/ss. v. a. [re and tof.] Totofs back.
Toft and retoji the hall incefTant flies. Pope’s Odyffey.
ToRetot/ch. v. a. [retoucher, Fr.] To improve by new
touches.
He furnifhed me with all the pafiages in Ariftotle and Ho¬
race, ufed to explain the art of poetry by painting ; which;
if ever I retouch this eflay, fhall be inferted. Dryden.
Lintot, dull rogue ! will think ycur price too much :
“ Not, Sir, if you revife it and retouchPope.
To Retra'ce. v. a. [retracer, Fr.] To trace hack.
Then if the line of Turnus you retrace,
He fprings from Inachus of Argivc race. Dryden.
To RETRA'CT. v. a. [retrains, Lat. retrader, Fr.]
1. To recall ; to recant.
Were I alone to pafs the difficulties,
Paris fhould ne’er retrad what he hath done.
Nor faint in the purfuit. Shakefp. Troilus and Greffida.
Although they retain the word mandrake in the text, they
in efteft retrod it in the margine. Browns Vulg. Errours.
If his fubtilities could have fatisfied me, I would as freely
have retraded this charge of idolatry, as I ever made it. to till.
She will, and fhe will not, flic grants, denies,
Confents, retrads, advances, and then flies. Granville.
2. To take back ; to refume.
A great part of that time, which the inhabitants of the
former earth had to fpare, and whereof they made fo ill ufe,
was employed in making provifions for bread; and the excels
RET
of fertility, which contributed fo much to their mtifcarriagesj
was retraded and cut oft’. IVoodward’s Natural Hijlo'yl
Retractation, n.f. [retradation, Fr. retradatio, Lat.] Re¬
cantation ; change of Opinion.
Thefe words are David’s retradation, or laying down of a
bloody and revengeful refolution. South s Sermons,
Retra'ction. n.f. [from retrad.]
1. A61 of withdrawing fomething advanced.
They make bold with the deity, when they make him do
and undo, go forward and backwards by (uch countermarches
and retradions, as we do not repute to the Almighty. IVoodw»
2. Recantation ; declaration of change of opinion.
There came into her head certain verfes, which if flie ha l
had prefent commodity, fhe would have adjoined as a retrac¬
tion to the other. Sidney, b. ii»
3. A61 of withdrawing a claim.
Other men’s infatiable defire of revenge hath wholly be¬
guiled both church and ftate, of the benefit of all my either
retradions or conceflions. King Charles.
Retrai'ct. n.f. Spenfer. [reiraitte Fr.]
1. Retreat. Obfolete.
The earl of Lincoln, deceived of the country’s concourfe
unto him, and feeing the bufinefs paft rctraid, refolved to
make on where the king was, and give him battle. Bacon.
2. [Retrait, Fr. ritratto, Italian.] A caft of the countenance.
Obfolete.
Upon her eyelids many graces fat,
Under the fhadow of her even brows,
Working hellgards and amorous retraitc,
And every one her with a grace endows. Fairy Tfucen.
RetreaT. n.f. [retraitte, Fr.J
1. Place of privacy ; retirement.
He built his fon a houfe of pleafure, and fpared no coft (o
make a delicious retreat. L’Eflrange.
2. Place of fecurity.
This place our dungeon, not our fafe retreat,
Beyond his potent arm. Milton.
That pleafing (hade they fought, a foft retreat
From fudden April fhowers, a {belter from the heat. Dry.
There is no fuch way to give defence to abfurd do6trines,
as to guard them round with legions of obfeure and undefined
words ; which yet make thefe retreats more like the dens of
robbers, than the fortreifes of fair warriors. Locke.
3. A6t of retiring before a fuperiour force.
Honourable retreats are no ways inferior to brave charges ;
as having lefs of fortune, more of difeipline, and as much of
valour. Bacon.
To Retrea't. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To go to a private abode.
Others more mild
Retreated in a filent valley, ling
Their own heroick deeds. Milton„
2. To take fhelter; to go to a place of fecurity.
3. To retire from a fuperiour enemy.
4. To go out of the former place.
The rapid currents drive
Towards the retreating fea their furious tide, Milton.
My fubjedt does not oblige me to look after the water, or
point forth the place whereunto it is now retreated. IVoodw.
Having taken her by the hand, he retreated with his eye
fixed upon her. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Retrea'ted.part.aclj. [Eomretreat.] Retired; gone to privacy.
To RETRE'NCH. v.a. [retrancher, Fr.]
1. To cut ofF; to pare away.
The pruner’s hand muft quench
Thy heat, and thy exub’rant parts retrench. Denham.
Nothing can he added to the wit of Ovid’s [Vletamorphofes ;
but many things ought to have been retrenched. Dryden.
We ought to retrench thofe fuperfluous expences to qualify
ourfelves for the exercife of charity. Attcrbury.
2. To confine, Improper.
In fome reigns, they are for a power and obedience that is
unlimited ; and in others, are for retrenching within the narroweft bounds, the authority of the princes, and the alle¬
giance of the fubjedl. Addifon s Freeholder, N° 6.
To Retrench, v. n. To live with lefs magnificence or
expence.
Can I retrench ? yes mighty well
Shrink back to my paternal cell,
A little houfe, with trees a-row.
And like its mafter, very low. Pope's Epift. ofHoraef.
Retrenchment, n.f. [retranchement, Fr. from retrench.]
The a6t of lopping away.
I had ftudied Virgil’s defign, his judicious management of
the figures, the fober retrenchments of his fenfe, which always
leaves fomewhat to gratify our imagination, on which it may
enlarge at pleafure. _ Dryden’s Dedication to Virgil.
The want of vowels in our language has been the general
complaint of our politeft authors, who neverthelefs have made
thefe retrenchments, and confequently encreafed our former
fcarcity. Addifon.
I would rather be an advocate feur the retrenchment, than
the encreafe of this charity. Attcrbury.
; To RETRFBUTEi
R E T R E T
*To RE'TRIBUTE. v. a. [retribuOyL/Zt. ret/ibuer, Fr.] lo
pay back ; to make repayment of.
Both the will and power to ferve him are his upon fo many
fcores, that we are unable to retribute, unlefs we do rellore ;
and all the duties we can pay our maker aie Ids piopeily lequitals than reftitutions. Boyle.
In the ftate of nature, a man comes by no arbitrary power
to ulc a criminal, but only to retribute to him, fo far as calm
reafon and confcience diflate, what is proportionate to his
tranfgreifion. . . Lode.
Retribu'tion. n.f. [retribution, Fr. from retribnte.] Re¬
payment 5 return accommodated to the action.
The kino- thought he had not remunerated his people fufficiently with good laws, which evermore was his retribution
fortreafure. _ Bacon’s Henry \II.
All who have their reward on earth, the fruits
Of painful fuperftition, and blind zeal,
Nought leeking but the praife of men, here find
-Fit retribution, empty as their deeds. Milton's Par. Lojl.
In good offices and due retributions, we may not be pinch¬
ing and niggardly : it argues an ignoble mind, where we have
wronged to higgle and dodge in the amends. Hall.
There is no nation, though plunged into never fuch grofs
idolatry, but has fome awful fenfe of a deity, and a perfuafion of a Hate of retribution to men after this life. South.
It is a ftrong argument for a ftate of retribution hereafter,
that in this world virtuous perfons are very often unfortunate,
and vicious perfons profperolis. Addifon's Spectator.
Retri'butory. ladj. [from retribute.'] Repaying; making
Retributive. J repayment.
Something ftrangely retributive is working. Clariffa.
Retrif.'vable. adj. [from retrieve.'] That may be retrieved.
To RETRIE/VE. v. a. [retrouver, Fr.]
1. To recover ; to reftore.
By this conduct we may retrieve the publick credit of reli¬
gion, reform the example of the age, and leflen the danger
we complain of. Rogers's Sermons.
2. To repair.
O reafon ! once again to thee I call ;
Accept my forrow, and retrieve my fall. Prior.
3. To regain.
With late repentance now they would retrieve
The bodies they forfook, and wifh to live. Dryden.
Philomela’s liberty retriev'd,
Cheers her fad foul. Philips.
4. To recall; to bring back.
If one, like the old Latin poets, came among them, it would
be a means to retrieve them from their cold trivial conceits,
to an imitation of their predeceflors. Berkeley to Pope.
Retroce'ssion. n.f. [retroceJfumy Lat.J The act of going
back.
RetRocopu'lation. n.f. [retro and copulation.] Poft-coition.
From the nature of this pofition, there enfueth a neceffity
of retrocopulation. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
RetrogradaYton. n.f. [retrogradation, Fr. from retrograde.]
The aft of going backward.
As for the revolutions, ftations, and retrogadations of the
planets, obferved conftantly in mod certain periods of time,
fufficiently demonftrates, that their motions are governed by
counfel. Bay on the Creation.
RETROGRADE, adj. [retrograde, Fr. retro and gradior, Eat.]
1. Going backward.
Princes, if they ufe ambitious men, fhould handle it fo,
as they be ftill progreffive, and not retrograde. Bacon.
2. Contrary ; oppofite.
Your intent
In going back to fchool to Wittenberg,
It is moft retrograde to our defire. Shakefp. Hamlet.
3. In aftronomy, planets are retrograde, when by their piopei
motion in the zodiack, they move backward, and con¬
trary to the lucceffion of the figns ; as from the fecond de¬
gree of Aries to the firft : but this retrogradation is only ap¬
parent and occafioned by the obferver’s eye being placed on
the earth ; for to an eye at the fun, the planet will appear al¬
ways diredt, and never either ftationary or retrograde. Harris.
Their wand’ring courfe, now high, 110W low, then hid,
Prosreffive, retrograde, or ftanding ftill,
In fix thou fec’ft. Shakefp. Paradife Lojl.
Two geomantick figures were difplay’d ;
One when diredt, and one when retrograde. Dryden.
To Re trograde, v. n. [ret/0grader, hr. retro and gradiory
Lat.] To go backward.
The race and period of all things here is to turn things
more pneumatical and rare, and not to retrograde from pneumatical to that which is uenfe. Bacon.
Retrogression, n.f. [> etro and grejfus, Lat.] The aft of
going backwards.
The account, eftablifhed upon the rife and defeent of the
ftars, can be no reafonable rule unto diftant nations, and by
reafon of their retrogreffion, but temporary unto any one. Bro.
Retromi'ngency. n.J. [retro and mingo, Lat.] The quality
of Haling backwards.
The laft foundation was retromingcncy, or piffing back¬
wards ; for men obferving both fexes to urine backwards, or
averfiy between their legs, they might conceive there were fe¬
minine parts in both. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
RfeTROMpNGENT. adj. [retro and mingens, Lat.] Stalirfg
backward
By reafon of the backward pofition of the feminine parts
of quadrupeds, they can hardly admit the fubftitution of rnafculine generations, except it be in retromingents. Brown.
RETROSPECT, n.f. [retro andfp'eciOy Lat.] Look thrown
upon things behind or things paft.
As you arraign his majefty by retrofpedi, fo you condemn
his government by fecond fight. Addifon’s Freeholder, N* 9.
RetroSTe'ction. n.f. [from retrofpecl.] Aft or faculty of
looking backwards.
Can’ft thou take delight in viewing
This poor ifle’s approaching ruin;
When thy Yetrofpetlion vaft
Sees the glorious ages paft?
Happy nation were we blind,
Or had only eyes behind. , Swift.
Retrospective, adj. [from rktrofpcfl.] Looking backwards.
In vain the grave; with retrefpeftive eye,
Would from the apparent what cbnclude the why. Pope.
To Retu'nd. v. a. [retundoy Lat.] To blunt; td turn.
Covered with fkin and hair keeps it warm, being naturally
a very cold part, and alfo to quench and diffipate the force of
any ftroke that fhall be dealt it, arid retund the edge of any
weapon. Ray on the Crlation.
ToRETlERN. v.n. [retourner, Fr.]
1. To come to the fame place.
Return, my fon David, for I will do thee no harm, i Sam:
Whofo rolleth a ftone, it will return upon him. Prov. xxvi.
Go, return on thy way to the wildernefs. 1 Kings xix. 15.
2. To come back to the fame ftate.
The waters returned from off the earth continually. Gen.'
Judgment fhall return unto righteoufnefs. Pfalm xciv. 15.
In returning and reft fhall ye be faved. Ifaiah xxx. 15.
On their embattel’d ranks the waves return. Milton.
If they returned out of bondage, it muft be into a ftate of
freedom. Locke.
3. To go back.
I am in blood
Stept in fo far, that fhould I wade no more.
Returning were as tedious as go o’er. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Hezekiah fent to the king of Afiyria, faying, I have of¬
fended, return from me. 2 Kings xviii. 14.
To return to the bufinefs in hand, the ufe of a little in¬
fight in thofe parts of knowledge, is to accuftom our minds
to all forts of ideas. <• Locke.
4. To make anfwer.
The thing of courage.
As rouz’d with rage, with rage doth fympathize ;
And with an accent tun’d in lelf fame key,
Returns to chiding fortune. Shakefp. Troil. and Creffida.
He faid ; and thus the queen of heaven return'd ;
Muft I, oh Jove in bloody wars contend ! Pope.
5. To come back; to come again; to revifit.
Thou to mankind
Be good, and friendly ftill, and oft return. Milton.
6. After a periodical revolution, to begin the fame again.
With the year
Seafons return, but not to me returns
Day, or the lweet approach of ev’11 or morn. Milton.
7. To retort; to recriminate.
If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me, that I
affedt to be thought more impartial than I am. Dryden.
To Return, v. a.
1. To repay ; to give in requital.
Return him a trefpafs offering.
Thy Lord fhall return thy wickednefs
head.
What peace can we return,
But to our power, hoftility, and hate.
When anfwer none return'd, I fet me down.
2. To give back.
What counfel give ye to return anfwer to this people. 2 Chr.
3. To fend back.
Rcjedt not then what offer’d means, who knows
But God hath fet before us, to return thee
Home to thy country and his facred houfe. Milton s Agon.
4. To give account of.
Probably one fourth part more died of the plague than are
returned. • Graunt's Bills of Moitality.
5. To tranfmit.
Inftead of a fhip, he fhould levy money, and return the
fame to the treafurer for his majefty’s u(e. Clarendon.
Retu'rn. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Adi of coming back to the fame place.
The king of France fo fuddenly gone back .
Something fince his coming forth is thought of.
That his return was now moft neceliary. obakefp.
When forc’d from hence to view our parts he mourns ;
Takes little journies, and makes quick returns. Dryden.
I Sam. vi. 3.
upon thine own
I Kings ii. 44.
Milton.
Milton.
Rctrogreffion.
Act
REV
3' AAt° he°Softc^ar'/re totof Syria will come up.
I Kings xx. 22,
4. Revolution ; viciffitudc. , ,
4 Weapons hardly fall under rule; yet even they have returns
and viciffitudes ; for ordnance was known m the city ot the
Oxidraces in India, and is what the Macedonians called
thunder and lightning.
Repayment of money laid out in commodities for fale.
5‘ As for any merchandize you have bought, ye fhall have
your return in merchandize or gold. Bacon.
} As to roots accelerated in their ripening, there is the high
price that thofe things bear, and the fwiftnefs of their returns j
for in fome grounds, a radifh comes in a month, that in others
wih not come in two, and fo make double returns. Bacon.
6. Profit; advantage. .
The fruit, from many days of recreation, is very little;
but from thefe few hours we fpend in prayer, the return is
(Treat> Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
7. "Remittance ; payment from a diftant place.
Within thefe two months, I do expert return
Of thrice three times the value of this bond. Shakgfp.
Brokers cannot have lefs money by them, than one twen¬
tieth part of their yearly returns. Locke.
8. Repayment; retribution ; requital.
You made my liberty your late requeft,
Is no return due from a grateful breaft ?
I grow impatient, ’till I find fome way,
Great offices, with greater to repay. . Dryden..
Since thefe are fome of the returns which we made to God
after obtaining our fucceffes, can we reafpnably prefume, that
we are in the favour of God ? Atterbury.
Nothing better becomes a perfon in a publick chararter,
than fuch°a publick fpirit; nor is there any thing likely to
procure him larger returns of efteem. Atterbury.
Returns, like thefe, our miftref3 bids us make.
When from a foreign prince a gift her Britons take. Prior,
Ungrateful lord !
Would’ft thou invade my life, as a return
For proffer’d love ? . Rowe.
<5. Art of reftoring or giving back ; reftitution.
The other ground of God’s foie property in any thing, is
the gift, or rather the return of it made by man to God. South.
10. Relapfe.
This is breaking into a conftitution to ferve a prefent ex¬
pedient ; the remedy of an empirick, to ftifle the prefent
pain, but with certain profpert of fudden returns. Swift.
11. [Retour, Fr.]
Either of the adjoining Tides of the front of an houfe, or
ground-plot, is called a return fide. Moxon’s Mech. Exerc.
Both thefe fides are not only returns, but parts of the front,
and a {lately tower in the midft of the front. Bacon.
Returnable, adj. Allowed to be reported back. A law
term.
It may be decided in that court, where the verdirt is re¬
turnable. Hale.
He fhall have an attachment againft the fheriff, direrted to
the coroner, and returnable into the king’s bench. Aylijfe.
Retu'rner. n.f [from return.] One who pays or remits
money.
The chapmen, that give higheft for this, can make molt
profit by it, and thofe are the returners of our money. Locke.
Reve. n. f. The bailiff of a franchife or manour.
The reve, the miller, and the mincing lady priorefs fpeak
in chararter. Dryden.
To REVEA'L. v. a. [revelo, Lat. reveler, Fr.]
1. To fhow; to difcover ; to lay open ; to difclofe a fecret.
Be afhamed : fpeaking again that which thou haft heard,
and revealing of fecrets. Eccluf xli. 23*
I will cure them, and reveal unto them the abundance of
peace. Jer- xxxiii. 6.
Light was the wound, the prince’s care unknown,
She might not, would not yet reveal her own. IValter.
The anfwer to one who alked what time was, ft non rogas
intelligo ; that is, the more I think of time, the lefs I underftand it; might perfuade one, that time, which reveals all
other things, is itfelf not to be difeovered. Locke.
2. To impart from heaven.
The fufferings of this life are not to be compared with the
o-lory which {hall be revealed in us. Romans viii. 18.
Revealer. n.f [from reveal.]
I Difcoverer ; one that {hows or makes known.
The habit of faith in divinity is an argument of things un-
/•„„ as a ftable affent unto things inevldent, upon authority
of the divine revealer. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The lives of the revealers may be juftly fet over againft the
revelation, to find whether they agree. Atterbury.
2. One that difeovers to view.
He brought a taper ; the revealer fight
Expos’d both crime and criminal to light. Dryden.
To REWEL. v. n. [Skinner derives it from reveilur, hr. to
awake ; Mr. Lye from raveelen, Dutch, to rove loofely about,
which is much countenanced by the old phrafe, revtVfOut,j
j. To feaft with loofe and clamorous merriment.
R E V
My honey love,
Will we return unto thy father’s houfe.
And revel it as bravely as the beft. Sbbkefjh,
We’ll keep no great ado—a friend or two,
Tybalt being flain fo late,
It may be thought vve held him carelefsly,
Being our kinfman, if we revel much. Shakefp.
Antony, that revels long o’nights,
js Up> Shakefp. Julius Ccefar.
We {hall have revelling to-night;
I will affume thy part in lome difguife. Shakefpi
He can report you more odd tales
Of our outlaw Robin Hood,
That revell'd here in Sherewood*
Though he ne’er {hot in his bow. Benj. Johnfon»
Were the dortrine new.
That the earth mov’d, this day would make it true j
For every part to dance and revel goes,
They tread the air, and fall not where they rofe. Donne,
Whene’er I revel'd in the women’s bow’rs j
For firft I fought her but at loofer hours:
The apples fhe had gather’d fmelt moft fweet. Prior,
Re'vel. n.f. [from the verb.] A feaft with loofe and noify
jollity.
Let them pinch th’ unclean knight,
And afk him, why, that hour of fairy revel.
In their fo facred paths he dares to tread ? Shakefp.
They could do no lefs but, under your fair condurt.
Crave leave to view thefe ladies, and intreat
An hour of revels with them. Shakefp,
To Reve'l. v. a. [revello, Lat.] Toretrart; to draw back.
Thofe, who mifearry, eftape by their flood, revelling the
humours from their lungs. Harvey;
Revel-rout; n. f. A mob ; an unlawful affembly of a
rabble. Ainfworth,
For this his minion, the revel rout is done.
—I have been told, that you
Are frequent in your vifitation to her. Rowe's fane Shore.
Revela'tion. n.f [from revelation, Fr.] Difcovery ; com¬
munication ; communication of facred and myfterious truths
by a teacher from heaven.
When the divine revelations were committed to writing,
the Jews were fuch fcrupulous reverers of them, that they
numbered even the letters of the Old Teftament. D. of Pie.
As the gofpel appears in refpert of the law to be a clearer
revelation of the myftical part, fo it is a far more benign difpenfation of the practical part. Sprat#
Re'veller. n.f. [from revel.] One whofeafts with noifyjollity.
Fairies black, grey, green and white.
You moonlhine revellers attend your office. Shakefpi
Unwelcome revellers, whofe lawlefs joy
Pains the fage ear, and hurts the fober eye. Pope*
Re'velry. n.f. [from revel.] Loofe jollity j feftive mirth.
Forget this new-fall’n dignity,
And fall into our ruftick revelry. Shakefpi
There let Hymen oft appear
In faffron robe with taper clear,
And pomp, and feaft, and revelry,
With mafk and antick pageantry. Milton««
To REVE'NGE. v. a. [revencher, revancher, Fr.] <
1. To return an injury.
2. To vindicate by punilhment of an enemy.
If our hard fortune no compaffion draws,
The gods are juft, and will revenge our caule. Dryden*
3. To wreak one’s wrongs on him that inflirted them. With
the reciprocal pronoun.
Come, Antony and young Ortavius,
Revenge yourfelves alone on Caffius. Shakefp. ful. Ccefar.
It is a quarrel moft unnatural,
To be reveng'd on him that loveth thee. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Northumberland flew thy father;
And thine, lord Clifford ; and you vow’d revenge :
If I be not, heav’ns be reveng'd on me ! Shakefp.
Edom hath revenged himfelf upon Judah. Ezek. xxv. 12.
O Lord, vifit me, and revenge me of my perfecutors. Jer.
Who fhall come to ftand againft thee, to be revenged for
the unrighteous men l JVifdom xii. 12.
Your fury of a wife,
Not yet content to be reveng'd on you,
Th’ agents of your paffion will purfue. Dryden.
Reve'nge. n.f. [revenche, revanche, Fr.] Return of an injury.
Revenges burn in them : for their dear caules
Would, to the bleeding and the grim alarm,
Excite the mortified man. Shakefp. Macbeth.
May we, with the witnefs of a good confidence, purfue him
with further revenge. Shakefp. Merry {Fives oflVindjor.
I will make mine arrows drunk with blood ; from the be¬
ginning of revenges upon the enemy. Deutr. xxxii. 42.
Peradventure he will be enticed, and we {hall prevail againft
him, and take our revenge on him. Jer. xx. 10.
Deformed perlons are commonly even with nature; for as
nature has done ill by them, fothey do by nature ; being vo d
of natural affertion, they have their revenge of nature. Bacon.
21 U The
1
REV R E V
What will not ambition and revenge defcend to. Milton.
The fatyr in a rage
Forgets his bus’nefs is to laugh and bite.
And will of death and dire revenges write. . Dryden.
Draco, the Athenian lawgiver, granted an impunity to any
perfon that took revenge upon an adulterer. Broome.
Reve'ngeful. adj. [frem revenge.'] Vindictive j full of re¬
venge ; full of vengeance.
May my hands
Never brandifh more revengeful fteel
Over the glittering helmet of my foe. Shakefp. Rich. II.
If thy revengeful heart cannot forgive,
Lo ! here I lend thee this fharp-pointed fword,
Which hide in this true breaft. Shakefp. Richard III.
Into my borders now Jarbas falls,
And my revengeful brother fcales the walls. Denham.
Repenting England, this revengeful day,
To Philip’s manes did an offering bring. Dryden.
Revengefully, adv. [from revengeful.'] Vindictively.
He fmil’d revengefully, and leap’d
Upon the floor ; thence gazing at the (kies.
His eye-balls fiery red, and glowing vengeance;
Gods I accufe you not. Dryden and Lee’s Oedipus.
Reve'nger. n.f. [from revenge.]
1. One who revenges ; one who wreaks his own or another’s
injuries. ,
May be, that better reafon will affwage
The rafh revengers heat; words, well difpos’d.
Have fecret pow’r t’ appeafe enflamed rage. Fairy Shieen.
I do not know,
Wherefore my father fhould revengers want.
Having a fon and friends. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
So fhall the great revenger ruinate
Him and his iffue, by a dreadful fate. Sandys’s Paraphrafe.
Morocco’s monarch
Had come in perfon, to have feen and known
The injur’d world’s revenger and his own. Waller.
2. One who punifhes crimes.
What government can be imagined, without judicial pro¬
ceedings ? and what methods of judicature, without a reli¬
gious oath, which fuppofes an omnifcient being, as confcious
to its falfehood or truth, and a revenger of perjury. Bentley.
Reve'ngement. n.f. [from revenge.]- Vengeance ; return of
an injury.
It may dwell
In her fon’s flefh to mind revengement,
And be for all chafte dames an endlefs monument. F. §).
By the perclofe of the fame verfe, vagabond is underftood
for fuch a one as travelleth in fear of revengement. Raleigh.
Reve'ngingly. adv. [from revenging.] With vengeance;
vindictively.
I’ve bely’d a lady,
The princefs of this country ; and the air on’t
Revengingly enfeebles me. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Revenue, n.f. [revenu, Fr. Its accent is uncertain.] In¬
come ; annual profits received from lands or other funds.
They privily fend over unto them the revenues, wherewith
they are there maintained. Spenfer’s State of Ireland.
She bears a duke’s revenues on her back.
And in her heart icorns our poverty. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Only I retain
The name and all th’ addition to a king;
The fway, revenue, beloved fons, be yours. Shakefp.
Many offices are of fo fmall revenue, as not to furnifh a
man with what is fufficient for the fupport of his life. Temple.
If the woman could have been contented with golden eggs,
fire might have kept that revenue on Hill. L’EJlrange.
His vaffals eafy, and the owner bleft.
They pay a trifle, and enjoy the reft:
Not fo a nation’s revenues are paid ;
The fervant’s faults are on the mafter laid. Swift.
To Reve'rb. v. a. [reverbero, Lat.] To ftrike againft; to
reverberate. Not in ufe.
Refefve thy ftate, with better judgment check
This hideous rafhnefs:
The youngeft daughter does not love thee leaft;
Nor are thofe empty hearted, whofe loud found
Reverbs no hollownefs. Shakefp. King Lear.
Reve'rberant. adj. [reverberant, Lat.] Refounding; beat¬
ing back. The reading in the following paffage fhould be, I
think, reverberant.
Hollow your name to the reverberate hills,
And make the babbling goffip of the air
Cry out, Olivia ! Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
To REVERBERATE, v. a. [reverbero, Lat. reverberer, Er.]
I. To beat back.
Start
An echo with the clamour of thy drum,
And ev’n at hand a drum is ready brac’d.
That fhall reverberate all as well as thine. Shakefp. K.John.
Nor doth he know them for aught.
Till he behold them formed in th’ applaufe
Where they’re extended; which, like an arch, reverb’rates
The found again. Shakefp.
As the fight of the eye is like a glafs, fo is the ear a
finuous cave, with a hard bone, to flop and reverberate the
found. Bacon.
As we, to improve the nobler kinds of fruits, are at the ex¬
pence of walls to receive and reverberate the faint rays of the
fun, fo we, by the help of a good foil, equal the production
of warmer countries. Swift.
2. To heat in an intenfe furnace, where the flame is reverbe¬
rated upon the matter to be melted or cleaned.
Crocus martis, that is fteel corroded with vinegar or fulphur, and after reverberated with fire, the loadftone will not
attraCl. Brczvn’s VAgar Errours.
To Reve'rberate. v. n.
1. To be driven back ; to bound back.
The rays of royal majefty reverberated fo ftrongly upon
Villerio, that they difpelled all clouds. Howcl.
2. To refound.
Reverbera'tion. n.f. [reverberation, Fr. from reverberate.]
The aCt of beating or driving back.
To the reflection of vifibles, fmall glafles fuffice ; but to
the reverberation of audibles, are required greater fpaces. Bac.
The firft repetitions follow very thick; for two parallel
walls beat the found back on each other, like the feveral re¬
verberations of the fame image from two oppofite lookingg]a*Jes. _ Addiftn.
Reve'rberatory. adj. [reverberatoire, Fr.] Returning ;
beating back.
Good lime may be made of all kinds of flints, but they are
hard to burn, except in a reverberatory kiln. Moxon.
To Reve're. v. a. [reverer, Fr. revereor, Lat.] To reve¬
rence ; to honour ; to venerate ; to regard with awe.
An emperor often ftamp’d on his coins the face or orna¬
ments of his collegue, and we may luppofe Lucius Verus
would omit no opportunity of doing honour to Marcus
Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father, than treated
as his partner in the empire. Addifons Remarks on Italy.
Jove fhall again revere your pow’r.
And rife a fwan, or fall a fhow’r. Prior.
Taught ’em how clemency made pow’r rever'd.
And that the prince belov’d was truly fear’d. Prior.
In my conqueft be thy might declar’d.
And for thy juftice be thy name rever’d. Prior.
Reference, n.f. [reverence, Fr. reverentia, Lat.]
1. Veneration; refpeCl; awful regard.
God is greatly to be feared in the affembly of the faints ;
and to be had in reverence of all about him. Pf. Ixxxix. y.
When quarrels and fa&ions are carried openly, it is a fign
the reverence of government is loft. Bacon’s EJfays.
Higher of the genial bed.
And with myfterious reverence I deem. Milton.
In your prayers, ufe reverent poftures and the loweft geftures of humility, remembring that we fpeak to God, in our
reverence to whom we cannot exceed. Tiylor.
A poet cannot have too great a reverence for readers. Dryd.
The fear, acceptable to God, is a filial fear ; an awful re¬
verence of the divine nature, proceeding from a juft efteem of
his perfections, which produces in us an inclination to his
fervice, and an unwillingnefs to offend him. Regers.
2. ACt of obeifance ; bow ; courtefy.
Now lies he there.
And none fo poor to do him reverence. Shakefp. Jul. Caf.
Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence. Ejlh. iii. 2.
He led her eas’ly forth.
Where Godfrey fat among his lords and peers.
She rev’rence did, then blufh’d as one difmay’d.
Had not men the hoary heads rever’d.
Or boys paid reverence, when a man appear’d,
Both muft have dy’d. Dryden’s Juvenal.
Upftarts the bedlam.
And reverence made, accofted thus the queen.
The monarch
Commands into the court the beauteous Emily :
So call’d, fhe came ; the fenate rofe and paid
Becoming rev'rence to the royal maid.
3. Title of the clergy.
Many now in health
Shall drop their blood, in approbation
Of what your reverence fhall incite us to. Shakefp. Hen. V.
4. Poetical title of a father.
O my dear father ! let this kifs
Repair thofe violent harms, that my two fillers
Fairfax.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Have in thy reverence made.
To Reference, v. a. [from the noun.]
verence; to regard with awful refpeCt.
Thofe that I rev’rence, thofe I fear,
At fools I laugh, not fear them.
Shakefp. King Lear.
To regard with rethe wife;
Shakefp. Cymbeline.
While they pervert pure nature’s healthful rules
To loathfome ficknefs, worthily fince they
God’s image did not reverence in thcmfelves.
He flew Aetion, butdefpoil’d him not;
Nor in his hate the funeral rites forgot;
Arm’d as he was, he fent him whole below.
And reverenc’d thus the manes of his foe.
Milton.
Dryden.
As
/
REV
As his <»oodnefs will forbid us to dread him as Haves, fo his
maiefty will command us to reverence him as Tons. Rogers.
Re'verencer. n.f [from reverence.] One who regards with
reverence. . , , . ,. „. . . ,
The Athenians quite funk in their affairs, had little com¬
merce with the reft of Greece, and were become great reverencers of crowned heads. Swift.
Re'verekd. adj. [reverend, Fr. reverendus, Lat.]
t Venerable ; deferving reverence ; expelling refpeX by his
appearance.
Let his lack of years be no impediment, to let him lack a
reverend eftimation. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Reverend and gracious fenators. Shakefp.
Onias, who had been high prieft, reverend in converfation,
and gentle in condition, prayed for the Jews. 2 Mac.xv. 12.
Rev rend old man ! lo here confeft he ftands. Pope.
2.The honorary epithet of the clergy. We ftile a clergyman,
reverend ; a bifhop, right reverend; an archbifhop, moft re¬
verend.
A reverend fire among them came.
Who preach’d converfion and repentance. Milton.
RE VERENT, adj. [reverens, Lat.J Humble; exprefling fubmiflion; teftifying veneration.
They forthwith to the place
. Repairing where he judg’d them, proftrate fell
Before him reverent. Milton s Paradfe Lojl.
Meetthen the fenior, far renown’d for fenfe.
With rev rent awe, but decent confidence. Pope.
Revere'ntial. adj. [reverentielle, Fr. from reverent.'] Ex¬
prefling reverence ; proceeding from awe and veneration.
That oaths made in reverential fear
Of love and his wrath may any forfwear. Donne.
The leaft degree of contempt weakens religion ; it properly
confifting in a reverential efteem of things facred. South.
The reafon of the inftitution being forgot, the after-ages
perverted it, fuppofing only a reverential gratitude paid to the
earth as the common parent. Woodward.'s Nat. Hijl.
All look up, with reverential awe.
At crimes that ’fcape, or triumph o’er the law. Pope.
Revere'ntiallv. adv. [from reverential.] With ftiow of
reverence.
The Jews, reverentially declining the fituation of their
temple, place their beds from North to South. Brown.
Re verently, adv. [from reverent.] RefpeXfully; with
awe; with reverence.
Chide him for faults, and do it reverently. Shakefp.
To neareft ports their fhatter’d fhips repair.
Where by our dreadful cannon they lay aw’d ;
So reverently men quit th’ open air.
When thunder fpeaks th’ angry gods abroad. Dryden.
Then down with all thy boafted volumes, down ;
Only referve the facred one :
Low, reverently low.
Make thy ftubborn knowledge bow :
To look to heav’n be blind to all below. Prior.
Reve'rer. n.f. [from revere.] One who venerates ; one who
reveres.
When the divine revelations were committed to writing,
the Jews were fuch fcrupulous reverers ofthem, that it was the
bufinefs of the Maforites, to number not only the feXions
and lines, but even the words and letters of the Old Teftament. Government of the Tongue.
Reversal, n.f. [from reverfe.] Change of fentence.
The king, in the reverfal of the attainders of his partakers,
had h is will. Bacon's Henry VII.
To REVE'RSE. v. a. [reverfus, Lat.J
1. To turn upfide down.
A pyramid reverfed may ftand upon his point, if balanced
by admirable (kill. Temple's Mifcellanies.
2. To overturn ; to fubvert.
Thefe now controul a wretched people’s fate,
Thefe can divide, and thefe reverfe the ftate. Pope.
3. To turn back.
Michael’s fword flay’d not;
But with fwift wheel reverfe, deep entring fhar’d
Satan’s right fide. . Milton.
4. To contradiX ; to repeal.
Better it was in the eye of his underftanding, that fometime an erroneous fentence definitive fhould prevail, till the
fame authority, perceiving fuch overfight, might afterwards
correct or reverfe it, than that ftrifes fhould have refpite to
grow, and not come fpeedily unto fome end. Hooker's Pref.
A decree was made, that they had forfeited their liberties ;
and albeit they made great moans, yet could they not pro¬
cure this fentence to be reverfed. Hayward.
Death, his doom which I
To mitigate thus plead, not to reverfe,
To better life (hall yield him. Milton s Par. Lojl.
Though grace may liave reverfed the condemning fentence,
and fealed the finner’s pardon before God, yet it may have
left no tranfeript of that pardon in the finner’s breaft. South.
Thofe feem to do beft, who, taking ufeful hints from
faXs, carry them in their minds to be judged of, by what
R E V
they fhall find in hiftory to confirm or reverfe thefe imperfect
obfervations. Locke.
5. To turn to the contrary.
Thefe plain charaXers wc rarely find.
Though ftrong the bent, yet quick the turns of mind ;
Or puzzling contraries confound the whole,
Or affeXations quite reverfe the foul. Pope.
6. To put each in the place oi the other.
With what tyranny cuftom governs men ; it makes that
reputable in one age, which was a vice in another, and reverfes even the diftinXions of good and evil. Rogers.
7. To recall; to renew. Obfolete.
Well knowing true all he did rehearfe,
And to his frefh remembrance did reverfe
The ugly view of his deformed crimes. Fairy Sjhteecn.
To Reve'rse. v. n. [revertere, reverfus, Lat.] To return. Spenf
Reve'rse. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Change ; viciflitude.
The ftrange reverfe of fate you fee;
I pity'd you, now you may pity me. Dryden's Aurengz.
By a ftrange reverfe of things, Juftinian's law, which for
many ages was negleXed, does now obtain, and the Theodofian code is in a manner antiquated. Baker.
2. A contrary ; an oppofite.
Count Tariff appeared the reverfe of Goodman faX. Add.
The performances, to which God has annexed the promifes
of eternity, are juft the \everfe of all thepuduits of fenfe. Rog.
3. [Revers, Fr.] The fide of the coin on which the head is
not impreffed.
As the Romans fet down the image and infeription of the
conful, afterward of the emperor on the one fide, fo they
changed the reverfe always upon new events. Camden.
Our guard upon the royal fide ;
On the reverfe our beauty’s pride. Waller.
Several reverfes are owned to be the reprefentations of an¬
tique figures. AddiJ'on on Ancient Medals.
Reve'rsible. adj. [revcrfible, Fr. from reverfe.] Capable of
being reverfed.
Reversion, n.f. [reverfion,Yv. from reverfe.]
I. The ftate of being to be polleffed after the death of the preferit poffeffor.
As were our England in reverfion his,
And he our fubjeXs next degree in hope. Shakefp. Rich. II.
A life in reverfion is not half fo valuable, as that which
may at prefent be entered on. Hammond's Fundamentals.
2.. Succeflion ; right of fucceflion.
He was very old, and had out-lived moft of his friends:
many perfons of quality being dead, who had, for recompence of fervices, procured the reverfion of his office. Claren.
Upon what ground can a man promife himfelf a future re¬
pentance, who cannot promife himfelf a futurity ? whofe life
depends upon his breath, and is fo reftrained to the prefent,
that it cannot fecure to itfelf the reverfion of the very next
minute. South's Sermons.
So many candidates there ftand for wit,
A place at court is fcarce fo hard to get:
In vain they croud each other at the door ;
For e’en reverfions are all begg’d before. Dryden.
Reve'rsionary. adj. [from reverfion.] To be enjoyed in
fucceflion.
There are multitudes ofreverfionary patents and reverftonary
promifes of preferments. Arbuthnot.
To REVE'RT. v. a. [reverto, Lat.]
1. To change ; to turn to the contrary.
Wretched her fubjeXs, gloomy fits the queen.
Till happy chance revert the cruel feene ;
And apifh felly, with her wild refort
Of wit am) jeft, difturbs the lolemn court. Prior.
2. To reverberate.
The ftream boils
Around the ftone, or from the hollow’d bank
Reverted plays in undulating flow. Thcmfon.
To Reve rt, v. n. [revertir, old Fr.] To return ; to fall back.
My arrows,
Too flightly timbred for fo loud a wind,
Would have reverted to my bow again. Shakefp. Hamlet.
If his tenant and patentee fhall difpofe of his gift without
his kingly affent, the lands fhall revert to the king. Bacon.
Revert, n.f. [from the verb.] Return; recurrence. A mufical term.
Hath not mufick her figures the fame with rhetorick ? what
is a revert but her antiftrophe ? Peacham of Mufick.
Reve'rtible. adj. [from revert.] Returnable.
Reve'ry. n.f. [refverie, Fr.] Loofe mufing ; irregular thought.
Revery is when ideas float in our mind, without any re¬
flexion or regard of the underftanding. Locke.
th£ minds of men were laid open, we fhould fee but
little difference between that of the wile man and that of the
fool; there are infinite reveries and numberlefs extravagancies
pafs through both. AddiJ'on.
I am really lo far gone, as to take pleafure in reveries of
this kind. Pope.
, 9 To Revest.
REV REV
To Reve'st. v' a. [revejlir, revetir, Fr. revejho, Lat.]
i. To clothe again.
Her, nathlefs,
Th’ enchanter finding fit for his intents, r. /-
Did thus revejl, and deckt with due habiliments. Spenfer.
When thou of life reneweft the feeds.
The withered fields revejl_ their chearful weeds. Wotton.
2. To reinveft ; to veft again in a P° e lon or V t t piace
Reve'stiary. n.f. [revejhaire, Fr. from revejho, Lat.] Place
WlThedeffbauaTpower of words the Pythagoreans extolled ;
the impious JewsPafcribed all miracles to a name, which was
ingraved in the reveftiary of the temple. Camden s Remains.
Ppv/ction. n.f. [reviftum, Lat.] Return to life.
If theRabines prophecy fucceed, we fhall conclude the
tlavs of the phenix, not in its own, but in the laft and gene¬
ral flames, without all hope of Brown.
To Revi'ctual. v. a. [re and vifinal.] To ftock with victUait S'been objeaed, that I put into Ireland, and fpent
much time there, taking care to revival myfelf‘ andl none
of the reft. RaletZh s A*ol°®'
To REVIE/W. v. a. [re and view.]
1. To look back. , .
So fwift he flies, that his reviewing eye
Has loft the chafers, and his ear the cry. Denham.
2. To fee again.
I fhall review Sicilia ; for whofe fight . ,
I have a woman’s longing. Shake/p. Winter s Tale.
•2. To confider over again ; to retrace ; to reexamine.
Segrais fays, that the iEneis is an imperfect work, and that
death3 prevented the divine poet from reviewing it ; and, tor
that reafon, he had condemned it to the fire. ry ^n.
Shall I the long laborious fcene review,
And open all the wounds of Greece anew. Pope.
a. To furvey ; to overlook ; to examine.
Review, n.f. [reveue, Fr. from the verb.] Survey; re¬
examination. ,
We make a general review of the whole work, and a ge¬
neral review of nature ; that, by comparing them, their tu 1
correfpondency may appear. Burnet's Theory of the Barth.
The works of nature will bear a thoufand views and re¬
views ; the more narrowly we look into them, the more occafion we fhall have to admire. Merhury s Sermons.
To REVI'LE. */. [re and vile.] To reproach; to vilify;
to treat with contumely.
Afked for their pafs by every fquib.
That lift at will them to revile or fnib. Spenfer.
I read in’s looks
Matter againft me ; and his eye revil'd
Me as his abjea objeft. . Shakefp. Henry_VIII.
Fear not the reproach of men, neither be afraid of their
... ljaiah li. 7.
She*ftill beareth him an invincible hatred, revileth him to
his face, and raileth at him in all companies. Swift.
Revi'le. n.f. [from the verb.] Reproach; contumely ; exprobration. Not ufed, but elegant.
I heard thee in the garden, and of thy voice
Afraid, being naked, hid myfelf,--to whom
The gracious judge, without revile, reply d. Milton.
Reveler n.f. [from revile.] One who reviles; one who
treats another with contumelious terms. _
The bittereft revilers are often half-witted people. G. ofT.
Revi'lingly. adv. [from revile.] In an opprobrious manner;
" Th"Starto the civility of expreffion will notfuffer
illSljt.] Review, reexamination.
The \JfalIf thefe letters has been a kind of exammanon
of confcience to me ; fo fairly and faithfully have I fet down
in them the undifguifed ftate of the mind. . Pope.
To REVrSE. r?. [revifus, Lat.] To review; to overlook.
Lintot will think your price too much ;
Not, Sir, if you revife it, and retouch. °Pe‘
Revi'se. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Review ; reexamination. . , . ,.
The author is to be excufed, who never m regard to i
eyes and other impediments, gives lnmfelf the trouble ofcorredlions and revifes. '
2. Among printers, a fecond proof of a fheet corre e .
Revi'ser. «./ [revifeur, Fr. from revife.] Examiner; fuperintendant. , .
Revision, n.f. [revifion,Fx. from revife.] Review.
To Revi'sit. v. a. [revifiter, Fr. revifo, revifito, Lat.J lo
vifit again.
Thee I revifit fafe,
And feel thy fov’reign vital lamp ; but thou
Revifit'Jl not thefe eyes, that rowl in vain,
To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn. Milton.
Let the pale fire revifit Thebes, and bear
Thefe pleafing orders to the tyrant’s ear. Pope's Statius.
Revival, n.f [from revive.] Recall from a ftate of languour, oblivion, or oblcurity.
To REVTVE. v. n. [revivre, Fr. revive, Lat]
1. To return to life. . , , ....
The Lord heard Elijah, and the foul of the child came
unto him again, and he revived. 1 Kings xvii. 22.
So he dies;
But foon revives: death over him no power
Shall long ufurp. Milton.
2. To return to vigour or fame ; to rife from languour, obli¬
vion, or obfcurity.
I revive at this laft fight, aftur’d that man fhall live. Milt.
To RevTve. v. a.
1. To bring to life again.
Spot more delicious, than thofe gardens feign’d
Of reviv'd Adonis. Milton.
2. To raife from languour, infenfibility, or oblivion.
Noife of arms, or view of martial guife,
Might not revive defire of knightly exercife. Fa. Qtieert.
God lighten our eyes, and give us a little reviving in our
bondage. t Ezra ix. 8.
, To renew ; to recoiled!; to bring back to the memory.
The memory is the power to revive again in our minds
thofe ideas, which after imprinting have been laid afide out
of fight. . Locke.
The mind has a power in many cafes to revive perceptions,
which it has once had. Locke.
4, To quicken; to roufe.
I fhould revive the foldiers hearts ;
Becaufe I ever found them as myfelf. Shakefp.
What firft iEneas in this place beheld.
Reviv'd his courage, and his fear expell’d. Dryden.
Old Egeus only could revive his fon.
Who various changes of the world had known. Dryden.
RevTver. n.f. [from revive.] That which invigorates or
revives.
To REVIVITICATE. v. a. [revivifier, Fr. re and vivifico,
Lat.] To recall to life.
Revivification, n.f. [from revivificate.] The aft of re¬
recalling to life.
As long as an infant is in the womb of its parent, fo long
are thefe medicines of revivification in preparing. Spectator.
Revivi'scency. n.f [revivifco, revivifcentia, Lat.] Renewal
of life.
Scripture makes mention of a reftitution and revivifcency of
all things at the end of the world. Burnet.
Reu'nion. n.f. [reunion, Fr. re and union.] Return to a ftate
of juncture, cohefion, or concord.
She, that fhould all parts to reunion bow.
She that had all magnetick force alone.
To draw and fatten fundred parts in one. Donne.
To Reuni'te. v. a. [re and. unite.]
I. To join again ; to make one whole a fecond time ; to join
what is divided.
By this match the line of Charles the great
Was reunited to the crown of France. Shakefp. Henry V.
2; To reconcile ; to make thofe at variance one.
To Reuni'te. v. ». To cohere again.
Revocable, adj. [revocable, Fr. revoco, revocabilis, Lat.]
1. That may be recalled.
Howfoever you fhew bitternefs, do not ad! any thing that
is not revocable. Bacon s EJfays.
2: That may be repealed.
Re'vocableness. n.f [from revocable.] The quality of being
revocable.
To ReVocate. v. a. [revoco, Lat.] To recall; to call back.
His fucceflbr, by order, nullifies
Many his patents, and did revocate
And re-aflume his liberalities. Daniel's Civil War.
Relocation, n.f. [revocation, Fr. revocatio, Lat.]
1. Adi of recalling. .
One, that faw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin,
crave him notice of their aftedlion. Hooker.
2. State of being recalled.
Elaiana’s king commanded Chenandra to tell him that he
had received advice of his revocation. Howcl's Vocal Foreji.
q. Repeal; reverfal.
If a grievance be inflidted on a perfon, he may appeal, it
is not neceflary to pray a revocation of fuch a grievance. Jylijfe.
To REVO'KE. v. a. [revoquer, Fr. revoco, Lat.]
1. To repeal; to reverfe. .
That fociety hath before confented, without revoking the
fter Hooker, b. 1. f. IO.
When we abrogate a law as being ill made, the whole
caufe for which it was made ftill remaining, do we not herein
our very own deed, and upbraid
vea all that were makers of it with overhght and error. Hook.
y W at reaibn is there, but that thole grants and prmleges
flloyUhber:V or reduced .0 the firfl_. SM<,
Without my Aurengzebe 1 cannot live ,
R„olc his doom, or clfe my ihntence give. D,yden.
2' 1 0 shVlbove their fudden rages to revoke.
That at the laft fupprefling fury mad, , ••
Ley >g»n abltain. F-,9?*
REV R H E
3. To draw back.
Shame were to revoke
The forward footing for an hidden {hade. Fairy Queen.
Seas are troubled, when they do revoke
Their flowing waves into themfelves again. Davies.
Revo'kement. n.f. [from revoke.] Revocation ; repeal;
recall. Little in ule.
Let it be nois’d,
That through our interceffion, this revokement
And pardon comes. Sbakefp. HenryVIII.
To REVO'LT. v. n. [revo/ter, Fr. revoltare, Italian.]
1. To fall oft from one to another. It denotes fomething of
pravity or rebellion.
All will revolt from me, and turn to him. Sbakefp.
Our difeontented counties do revolt,
Our people quarrel with obedience. Sbakefp. K. John-.
Jafon and his company revolted from the kingdom. 2 Mac.
1 his people hath a revolting and a rebellious heart; they
are revolted and gone. Jer% v. 5 3.
2. To change. Not in ufe.
\ ou are already love’s firm votary,
And cannot foon revolt and change your mind. Sbakefp.
Revo'lt. n.f [revoke, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Delertion ; change of fides.
He was greatly ftrengthened, and the enemy as much en¬
feebled by daily revolts. Raleigh’s Hi/lory of the World.
If all our levies are made in Scotland or Ireland, may not
thofe two parts of the monarchy be too powerful for the reft,
in cafe of a revolt. Addijons State of the War.
2. A revolter; one who changes fides. Not in ufe.
You ingrate revolts,
You bloody Nero’s, ripping up the womb
Of your dear mother England. Sbakefp. King John.
3. Grofs departure from duty.
Your daughter hath made a grofs revolt;
Tying her duty, beauty, wit, and fortunes
To an extravagant and wheeling ftranger. Sbakefp.
Revo'lted.part.adj. [from revolt.] Having fwerved from duty.
Thou fingle haft maintain’d
Againft revolted multitudes the caufe of truth. Milton.
Revo'lter. n.f [from revolt.J One who changes fides ; a
deferter; a renegade.
Fair honour that thou doft thyGod, in trufting
He will accept thee to defend his caufe,
A murderer, a revolter, and a robber. Miltons Agonifles.
He was not a revolter from the truth, which he had once
embraced. Atterbury’s Sermons,
Thofe, who are negligent or revolters, {hall perifh. Swift.
To Revo'lve. v. n. [revolvo, Lat.]
1. To roll in a circle; to perform a revolution.
They do not revolve about any common center. Cheyne%
If the earth revolve thus, each houfe near the equator muft
move a thoufand miles an hour. Watts’s Impr. of the Mind.
Each revolving year,
The teeming ewes a triple offspring bear. Pope.
2. To fall in a regular courfe of changing pofleffors ; to devolve.
On the defertion of an appeal, the jurifdiClion does ipfo
jure revolve to the judge a quo. Ayliff'e’s Parergon.
To Rf.vo'lve. v. a. [revolvo, Lat.]
1. To roll any thing round.
Then in the Eaft her turn {he fhines,
Revolv’d on heav’n’s great axis. Milton.
2. To confider; to meditate on.
You may revolve what tales I told you
' Of courts, of princes, of the tricks of war. Sbakefp.
Revolution, n. j. [;revolution, Fr. revolutus, Lat.]
1. Courfe of any thing which returns to the point at which it
began to move.
On their orbs impofe
Such reftlefs revolution, day by day
Repeated. Milton’s Paradife Lofl, b. viii.
They will be taught by the diurnal revolution of the heavens* Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
2. Space meafured by fome revolution.
At certain revolutions are they brought.
And feel by turns the bitter change. Milton.
Meteors have no more time allowed them for their mount¬
ing, than the fhort revolution of a day. Dryden.
The Perfian wept over his army, that within the revolution
of a fingle age, not a man would be left alive. Wake.
3. Change in the ftate of a government or country. It is ufed
among us «aT tfcoyfv, for the change produced by the admiffionof king William and queen Mary.
4. Rotation in general; returning motion.
Fear
Comes thund’ring back with dreadful revolution
On my defenfeleis head. Milton.
To Revo'mit. v. a. [revamir, Fr. re and vomit.] To vomit;
to vomit again.
They might caft it up, and take more vomiting and revo¬
miting what they drink. Hakewill on Providence.
Revulsion. n.J. [;revulfion, Fr. revulfus, Lat.] The aCI of
revolving or drawing humours from a remote part of the body.
Derivation differs from revulfion only in the meafure of the
diftance, and the force of the medicines ufed : if we draw it
to fome very remote or contrary part, we call it revulfion;
if only to fome neighbouring place, and by gentle means,
we call it derivation. Wifeman ofTumours.
There is a way of revulfion to let blood in an adverfe
part. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
I had heard of fome ftrange cures of frenzies, by cafual
applications of fire to the lower parts, which feems reafonable
enough, by the violent revulfion it may make of humours
^ from the head. Temple’s Mifcellanies.
To REWARD, v. a. [re and award, to give in return.”
Skinner.]
1. To give in return.
ThOu haft rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded
thee evih j Sam. xxiv. iy-.
They rewarded me evil for good. Pfalm xxxv. 12.
2. To repay; to recompenfe for fomething good.
To judge th’ unfaithful dead, but to reward
His faithful, and receive them into blifs. Milton.
The fupreme being rewards the juft, and punifhes the unju^* Broome’s Notes on the OdyJJey.
Rewa'rd. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Recompenfe given for good.
Rewards and punilhments do always prefuppofe fomething
willingly done well or ill; without which refpeCt, though we
may fometimes receive good, yet then it is only a benefit and
not a reward. Hooker, b. i.f 9.
They have a good reward for their labour. Eecluf. iv. 9.
To myfelf I owe this due regard,
Not to make love my gift, but my reward. Dryden.
Men have confented to the immortality of the foul and the
recompenfes of another world, promifing to themfelves fome
rewards of virtue after this life. Tillotfon.
2. It is fometimes ufed with a mixture of irony, for puniftiment
or recompenfe of evil.
Rewa'rdaele. adj. [from reward.] Worthy of reward.
Aden s aCtions are judged, whether in their own nature rewardable or puniftiable. Hooker, b.l.f.q.
The action that is but indifferent, and without reward, if
done only upon^ our own choice, is an aCt of religion, and
rewardable by God, if done in obedience to our fuperiors.
Taylor’s Ride of Living Holy.
Rewarder. n.f. [from reward.] One that rewards; one
that recompenfes.
A liberal rewarder of his friends. Sbakefp. Rich, III.
As the fupreme Being is the only proper judge of our per¬
fections, fo is he the only fit rewarder of them. Addifon.
Ill judges, as well- as rewarders, have popular aflemblies
been, of thofe who beft deferved from them. Swift.
To Rewo rd. v. a. [re and word.] To repeat in the fame words.
Bring me to the teft.
And I the matter will reword; which madnefs
Would gambol from. Sbakefp. Hamlet„
Rhabarbarate. adj. [from rbabarbara, Lat.] Impregnated
or tinCtured with rhubarb.
The fait humours muft be evacuated by the fennate, rha¬
barbarate, and fweet manna purgers, with acids added, or the
purging waters. Flayer on the Humours.
Rh a'bdomancy. n.f [pa (3(1^ and juavliia.] Divination by
a wand. 1
Of peculiar rbabdomancy is that which is ufed in mineral
difeoveries, with a forked hazel, commonly called Mofes’s
rod, which, freely held forth, will ftir and play if any mine
be under it. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Rha'psodist. n.f. [from rhapfody.] One who writes without
regular dependence of one part upon another.
Afk our rhapfodij}, if you have nothing but the excellence
and lovelinefs of virtue to preach, and no future rewards or
puniffiments, how many vicious wretches will you ever reclaim. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
RHATSODY. n. f. [parj/wtlia; paV7«, to few, and u$ri, a
fong.] Any number of parts joined together, without ne~
ceffary dependence or natural connection.
Such a deed, as fweet religion makes
A rhapfody of words. Sbakefp. Hamlet„
This confufion and rhapfody of difficulties was not to be fuppofed in each fingle finner. Hammond.
_ He, that makes no reflexions on what he reads, only loads
his mind with a rhapfody of tales fit for the entertainment of
others. Locke.
The words Aide over the ears, and vaniffi like a rhapfody
of evening tales. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind
RHE'TORICIC. n.f. [frlogutii rbetorique, Fr.]
1. The aft of fpeaking not merely with propriety, but with art
and elegance.
We could not allow him an orator, who had the beft
thoughts, and.who knew all the rules of rbetorique, if he had
not acqmred the art of ufing them. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
h-°/ he, p£ffions> and how they are moved, Ariftotle, in
1 econ 00 of rhetoric!, hath admirably difeourfed in a
little compafs. Zrotf, Thoughts on Reading.
rarnmar teacheth us to fpeak properly, rhetorick inftruCts
o lpeak elegantly. Baker’s RefeLlions on Learning.
21 X 2. The
I
R H O
2. The power of perfuafion; oratory. > r
The heart’s ftill rhetorick, difclos’d with eyes. Sbakefp.
His fober lips then^did he foftly part.
Whence of pure rhetorick whole dreams outflow. Fairfax.
Enjoy vour dear wit and gay rhetorick,
That hath fo well been taught her dazling fence. Mi ton.
Rhetorical, adj. [rhetoricus, Lat. from jrfc/wic/L] Stain¬
ing to rhetorick ; oratorial ; figurative. . , ,
The apprehenfion is fo deeply riveted into my mind, that
rhetorical flourifhes cannot at all loofen it More.
•' Becaufe Brutus and Caflius met a blackmore, and Pompey
had on a dark garment at Pharfalia, thefe were prefages of
their overthrow, which notwithftanding are fcarce rhetorical
fequels ; concluding metaphors from realities, and from con¬
ceptions metaphorical inferring realities again. _ Brown.
The fobjedt moral, logical, or rhetorical, which does not
' come under our fenfes. " Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Rhetorically, adv. [from rhetorical.] Like an orator;
figuratively ; with intent to move the paflions.
rp0 K.heto'r icate. v.n. [rhetoricor^ low Lat. from rhetorick.]
To play the orator ; to attack the paflions.
’Twill be much more feafonable to reform, than apologize
or rhetoricate; not to fuffer themfelves to perifh in the midft
of fuch felicitations to be faved. ^ Decay of Piety.
Rhetori'cian. n.f [rhetoricien,Fx. rhetor, Lat.J One who
teaches the fcience of rhetorick.
1 he ancient fophifts and rhetoricians, which ever had young
auditors, lived till they were an hundred years old. Bacon.
’Tis the bufinefs of rhetoricians to treat the charadters of
the paflions. . . Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
A man may be a very good rhetorician, and yet at the fame
time a mean orator. _ Baker’s Reflections on Learning.
Rhetori'cian. adj. Suiting a mafterof rhetorick.
Boldly prelum’d with rhetorician pride,
To hold of any queftion either fide. Blackmore.
RHEUM, n.f. [fivy.cc; rheume, Fr.] A thin watery matter
. oozing through the glands, chiefly about the mouth. Quincy.
Truft not thole cunning waters of his eyes ;
For villainy is not without fuch a rheum ;
And he long traded in it, makes it feem
Like rivers of remorfe. Sbakefp.
You did void your rheum upon my beard. bbakejp.
Why holds thine eye that lamentable rheum,
Like a proud river peering o’er his bounds. Sbakefp.
Each changing leafon does its poifon bring.
Rheums chill theVmter, agues blaft the fpnng. Prior.
Rheu'matick. adj. [pivy.oc\ixi^ ; from rheum.] Proceeding
from rheum or a pecAnt watry humour.
The moon, the governefs of floods,
Pale in her anger, walhes all the air,
That rheumatick difeafes do abound.^ Sbakefp.
The blood taken away looked very fizy of rheumatick. Floy.
Rheu'matism. n.f. [pivy.txlKry.og ; rbeumatifme, lr. rhcumatifmus, Lat.] A painful diftemper fuppofed to proceed from
acrid humours. . „ . ,
RheumatiJ'm is a diftemper affe&mg chiefly the membrana
communis mufculorum, which it makes rigid and unfit for
motion; and it feems to be occafioned almoft by the fame
caufes, as the mucilaginous glands in the joints are rendered
itifF and gritty in the gout. _ . Quincy.
The throtling quinfey ’tis my ftar appoints,
And rheumatijms I fend to rack the joints. Dryden.
Rheu'my. adj. [from rheum.] Fullot fharp moifture.
Is Brutus lick l
And will he fteal out of his wholfome bed.
To dare the vile contagion of the night ?
And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air.
To add unto his ficknefs. _ Sbakefp. Julius Cafar.
The South he loos’d, who night and horror brings,
And fogs are lhaken from his flaggy wings :
From his divided beard two ftreams he pours ;
His head and rheumy eyes diftil in Ibow’rs. Dryden.
Rhino'ceros. n.f. [ply and xigccg; rhtnocerot, rr.] Avait
beaft in the Eaft Indies armed with a horn in his front.
Approach thou like the rugged Ruffian bear.
The arm’d rhinoceros, or Hyrcanian tyger;
Take any fhape but that, and my firm nerves
Shall never tremble. Shakeff. Macbeth.
If vou draw your beaft in an emblem, fliew a landlcape of
the country natural to the beaft ; as to the rbmum an Eaft
Indian landlcape, the crocodile, an Egyptian- Peacham,
RHOMB, n. f [rhombe, Fr. rhombus, Lat. pcy.p&.J in geo¬
metry, a parallelogram or quadrangular figure, having its lour
fides equal, and confifting of parallel lines, with two oppo ite
angles acute, and two obtufe : it is formed by two equal and
right cones joined together at their bafe. Frevoux and Hairis.
Save the fun his labour, and that fwilt •
Noclurnal and diurnal rhomb fuppos’d
Invifible elfe above all ftars, the wheel
Of day and night. Milton.
See how in warlike mufterthey appear,
In rhombs and wedges, and half moons and wings. Alilton.
Rho'mbick. adj. [from rhomb.] Shaped like a rhomb.
6
R I B
Many other forts of ftones are regularly figured ; the afteria
in form of a ftar, and they are of a rhombick figure. Grew.
RHO'MBOID. n.f. [poy.pon$ns; rhomboide, Fr.] A figure
approaching to a rhomb.
Many other forts of ftones are regularly figured ; and they
are of a rhombick figure ; talk, of fuch as are rhomboid. Grew.
Rhomboi'dal. adj. [from rhomboid.] Approaching in fhape
to a rhomb.
Another rhomboidal fdenites of a comprefled form, had
tfiany others infixed round the middle of it. Woodward.
Rh u'baRB. n.f. [rhabarbara, Lat.] A medicinal root /lightly
purgative, referred by botanifts to the dock.
What rhubarb, fenna, or what purgative drug
Would fcour thefe Englifh hence. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Having fixed the fontanel, I purged him with an infufion
of rhubarb in fmall die. Wifeman's Surgery.
RHYME, n.f. [pvSry.bg; rhythme, Fr.]
1. A harmonical focceffion of founds.
2. The confonance of verfes ; the correfpondence of the laft:
found of one verfe to the laft found or fyllable of another.
The youth with fongs and rbimes :
Some daheb, fome hale the rope. Denham.
For rhyme the rudder is of verfes,
With which like flfips they fteer their courfes. Hudibras.
Such was the news, indeed, but fongs and rhymes
Prevail as much in thefe hard iron times ;
As would a plump of trembling fowl, that rife
Againft an eagle fouling from the fkies. Dryden.
If Cupid throws a fingle dart.
We make him wound the lover’s heart ;
But if he takes his bow and quiver,
’Tis fore he muft transfix the liver ;
For rhime with reafon may difpenfe.
And found has right to govern fenfe. Prior.
3. Poetry ; a poem.
All his manly power it did difperfe.
As he were warmed with inchanted rbimes,
That oftentimes he quak’d. Fairy Queen, b. i.
Who would not fing for Lycidas ? he knew
Himfelf to fing, and build the lofty rhyme. Milton.
Now fportive youth,
Carol incondite rhythms with foiting notes.
And quaver inharmonious. Philipsi
Rhyme or reafon. Number or fenfe.
I was promis’d on a time.
To have reafon for my rhyme ;
But from that time unto this leafon,
I had neither rhyme nor reafon. Spenfer,
The o-uiltinefs of my mind drove the grofsnefs of the fop¬
pery into a received belief, in defpight of the teeth of all
rhime and reafon, that they were fairies. Sbakefp.
To Rhyme, v. n.
1. To agree in found.
He was too warm on picking work to dwell, J
But fagotted his notions as they fell, >
And, if they rhim'd and rattled, all was well. Dryden. )
2. To make verfes.
Thefe fellows of Infinite tongue, that can rhime themfelves
into ladies favours, they do always reafon themfelves out
again. Sbakefp. Henry V.
There match’d the bard and blockhead, fide by fide.
Who rhym'd for hire, and patroniz’d for pride. Dunciad..
Rhy'mer. I n.f [from rhyme.] One who makes rhymes ;
Rhy'mster. ) a verfifier ; a poet in contempt.
Scall’d rhimers will ballad us out o’ tune. Sbakefp.
It was made penal to the Englilh, to permit the Irilh to
graze upon their lands, to entertain any of their miniftrels,
rhimers, or news-tellers. Davies on Ireland.
Rhymer come on, and do the worft you can ;
I fear not you, nor yet a better man. Dryden.
His rhime is conftrained at an age, when the paffion of
love makes every man a rhimer, though not a poet. Dryden.
I fpeak of thofe who are only rhimjlers. Dennis.
So modern rhimers wifely blaft
The poetry of ages paft,
And from its ruin build their own. Sbakefp.
Rhythmical, adj. [puS'jOuxof ; rythmique, Fr. from rhyme
or rhythm.] Harmonical; having proportion of one found to
another.
RIB. n.f. [j.ibbe, Saxon.] A bone in the body..
1. Of thefe there are twenty-four in number, viz. twelve on
each fide the twelve vertebree of the back; they are legments
of a circle ; they grow flat and broad, as they approav. 1 t ie
fternum ; but the nearer they are to the vertebrae, t ic roun er
and thicker they are ; at which end they ha\e a roun ca ,
which, being covered with a cartilage, is receive mto 1 le
finus in the bodies of the vertebra : the ribs, thus articulated,
make an acute angle with the lower vertebra : the ribs have
each a fmall canal or finus, which runs along their under
fides in which lies a nerve, vein, and artery : their extre¬
mities which are faftened to the fternum, are cartilaginous,
and the cartilages make an obtule angle with the bony part
of the ribs; this angle refpetts the head : the cartilages are
harder
R I C
harder in women than in men, that they may better bear the
weight of their breafts : the ribs are of two lbrts ; the feven
upper are called true ribs, becaufe their cartilaginous ends are
, received into the linus of the fternum: the five lower are
called falfe ribs, becaufe they are fofter and fliorter, of which
only the firft is joined to the extremity of the fternum, the
cartilaginous extremities of the reft being tied to one another,
and thereby leaving a greater fpace for the dilatation of the
ftomach and intrails : the laft of thefe fhort ribs is fliorter
than all the reft : it is not tied to them, but fometimes to the
mufculus obliquus defeendens. Rainey.
Why do I yield to that fuggeftion?
Whofe horrid image doth upfix my hair,
And make my feated heart knock at my ribs,
Againft the ufe of nature! Shakefp. Macbeth.
He open’d my left fide, and took
From thence a rib, with cordial fpirits warm
And life blood ftreaming frefh. Milton's Par. Loft, b. viih
He, who firft the paflage try’d, n
In harden’d oak his heart did hide, C
And ribs of iron arm’d his fide, 3
Who tempted firft the briny flood. Drydcn's Horace.
2.Any piece of timber or other matter which ftrengthens the
tide.
I fhould not fee the fandy hour glafs run.
But 1 fhould think of fhallows and of flats ;
And fee my wealthy Andrew dock’d in fand.
Vailing her high top lower than her ribs,
To kil's her burial. Shake/p. Merchant of Venice.
RI'BALD. n.f. [ribauld, Fr. ribaldo, Italian.] A loole, rough,
mean, brutal wretch.
That lewd ribbald, with vile luft advanced,
Laid firft his filthy hands on virgin clean,
To fpoil her dainty corfe fo fair and fheen. Fairy fhieen.
Your ribauld nag of Egypt,
The breeze upon her, like a cow in June,
Hoifts fails, and flies. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
The bufy day,
Wak’d by the lark, has rous’d the ribald crows,
And ftreaming night will hide our joys no longer. Shakejp.
Ne’er one fprig of laurel grac’d thefe ribbalds,
From flafiiing Bentley down to pidiing Tibbalds. Pope.
Ribaldry. n. j. [from ribald; ribaudie, old Fr.] Mean,
lewd, brutal language.
Mr. Cowley afterts, that obfeenity has no place in wit;
Buckingham fays, ’tis an ill fort of wit, which has nothing
more to fupport it than bare-faced ribaldry. Dryden.
The ribaldry of the low characters is different; the reeve,..
miller, and cook are diftinguifhed from each other. Dryden.
In the fame antique loom thefe feenes were wrought,
Embellifh’d with good morals and juft thought.
True nature in her nobleft light you fee,
E’er yet debauch’d by modern gallantry
To trifling jefts and fulfom ribaldry. Granville,
If the outward profeflion of religion were once in practice
among men in office, the clergy would fee their duty and
intereft in qualifying themfelves for lav-converfation, when
•once they were out of fear of being choaked by ribaldry or
prophanenefs. Swift.
Ri'band* n.f. [rubande, ruban,¥r.] A filet of ftlk j a nar¬
row web of ftlk, which is worn for ornament.
Quaint in green, Are fhall be loofe enrob’d,
With ribbands pendent, flaring’bout her head. Shakefp.
A ribband did the braided trefles bind,
The reft was loofe. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
See ! in the lifts they wait the trumpets found;
Some love device is wrought on ev’ry fword,
And ev’ry riband bears fome myftick word. Granville.
Ri'bbed. adj. [from rib.]
1. Furnifhed with ribs.
Was I by rocks engender’d ? rib'd with fteel ?
Such tortures to refift, or not to feel ? Sandy's.
Hung on each bough a fingle leaf appears,
Which fhrivell’d in its infancy remains.
Like a clos’d fan, nor ftretches wide its veins.
But as the feafons in their circle run,
Opes its ribb'd furface to the nearer fun.
2. Inclofed as the body by ribs.
Remember
The nat’ral brav’ry of your ifle, which ftands
As Neptune’s park, ribbed and paled in,
With rocks unfcaleable, and roaring waters. Shakefp.
Ri'bbon. n.f See Riband.
To Ri'broast. v. n. [rib and roajl.J To beat foundly. A
burlefque word.
That done, he rifes, humbly bows,
And gives thanks for the princely blows;
Departs not meanly proud, and boafting
Of his magnificent ribroafling. Butler.
I have been pinched in flefh, and well ribroafled under my
former mafters ; but I’m in now for lkin and all. L'Ejhange.
JRi'bwort. n.f. A plant.
#.ic. n.f. Ric denotes a powerful, rich, or valiant man; as
in thefe verfes of Fortunatus :
. {
nlle. 3
Gay.
R I C
Hilperice potens, ft interpres barlarus adfit,
Adjutorfortis hoc quoque nomen habet.
Hil’pric Barbarians a ftout helper term.
So Alfric is altogether ftrong; iEthelric, nobly ftrong or
powerful : to the fame fenfe as Polycrates, Crato, Plutarchus, Opimius. Gib[on's Camden.
Rice. n.f. [oryza, Lat.J One of the efculent grains : it hath
its grains difpofed into a panicle, which are alrnoft of an
oval figure, and are covered with a thick hulk, fomewhat
.like barley : this grain is greatly cultivated in moft of the
Eaftern countries. Miller.
Rice is the food of two thirds of mankind ; it is kindly to
human conftitutions, proper for the confumptive, and thofe
fubjed to haemorrhages. Arbuthnot.
If the fnuff get out of the fnufters, it may fall into a dilh
of rice milk. Swift's DireSHons to the Butler
RICH. adj. [riche, Fr. ricco, Italian ; pica, Saxon.J
1. Wealthy; abounding in wealth; abounding in money or
pofleflions; opulent.
I am as rich in having fuch a jewel.
As twenty feas, if all their fand were pearl. Shakefp.
The rich fhall not give more, and the poor no lefs. Exod.
A thief bent to unhoard the cafll
Of fome rich burgher. Milton.
Several nations of the Americans are rich in land, and poor
in all the comforts of life. Locke.
He may look upon the rich as benefactors, who have beau¬
tified the profpedt all around him. Seed.
2. Valuable; eftimable ; precious; fplendid; fumptuous.
Earth, in her rich attire.
Confirmmate lovely fmil’d. Milton.
3. Having any ingredients or qualities in a great quantity or de¬
gree.
So we th’ Arabian coaft do know
At diftance, when the fpices blow,
By the rich odour taught to fteer.
Though neither day nor ftar appear. Waller.
If life be fhort, it fhall be glorious.
Each minute fhall be rich in fome great addon. Rowe.
Sauces and rich fpices are fetched from India. Baker.
4. Fertile ; fruitful.
There are, who fondly ftudious of increafe.
Rich foreign mold on their ill-natur’d land
•; Induce. _ Philips.
Riched. adj. [from rich.] enriched. Obfolete.
Of all thefe bounds.
With fhadowy forefts, and with champions rich'd.
With plenteous rivers and wide fkirted meads,
\ , We make thee lady. Shakefp, King Lear.
RTches. n.f. [richeffes, Fr.]
j. Wealth ; money or pofleffion.
The inftrumentalnefs of riches to charity has rendered it
neceftary by laws to fecure propriety. Hammond.
. .' Chemifts feek riches by tranfmutation and the great
elixir. • Sprat.
Riches do not confift in having more gold and filvcr, but
in having more in proportion than our neighbours, whereby
we are enabled to procure to ourfelves a greater plenty of the
conveniencies of life, than comes within their reach, who,
fharing the gold and filver of the world in a lefs proportion,
want the means of plenty and power, and fo^are poorer. Locke.
What riches give us, let us firft enquire.
Meat, fire, and cloaths ; what more ? meat, cloaths, and
fire. Pope.
2. Splendid fumptuous appearance.
The riches of heav’ns pavement, trodden gold. Milton.
Richly, adv. [from rich.]
1. With riches ; wealthily; fplendidlv; magnificently.
In Belmont is a lady richly left,
And fhe is fair, of wondrous virtues. Shakefp.
Women richly gay in gems. Milton.
2. Plenteoufly.
In animals, fome fmells are found more richly than in
plants. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
After a man has ftudied the laws of England, the reading
the reports of adjudged cafes will richly improve him. Watts.
3. Truly ; abundantly. An ironical ufe.
There is fuch licentioufnefs among the bafeft of the people,
that one would not be forry to fee them beftowing upon one
another a chaftifement, which they fo richly deferve. AddiJ'on.
Ri'chness. n.f. [from rich.]
1. Opulence; wealth.
Of virtue you have left proof to the world ;
And virtue is grateful vidth beauty and riclmefs adorn’d. Sid.
2. Finery ; fplendour.
3. Fertility ; fecundity ; fruitfulnefs.
This town is famous for the richnefs of the foil. Addifn.
4. Abundance or perfection of any quality.
I amufed myfelf with the richnejs and variety of colours in
the weftern parts of heaven. Spectator.
5. Pampering qualities.
The lively tinCIure of whofe gufhing blood
Shou d dearly prove the richnefs of his foed. Dryden.
J Rick.
R I D
Rick., n.f. See Reek. . c .,
i.A pile of com or hay regularly heaped up in the open held,
and (heltered from wet.
An inundation
O’erfiowed a farmer’s barn and liable ;
Whole ricks of hay and flacks of coin
Were down the fudden current born. StVft.
Mice and rats do great injuries in the held, houfes, barns,
and corn rich. Mortimer ,Huflandry.
2.A heap of com or hay piled by the gatherer.
In the North they bind them up in fmall bundles, and make
Imall rich of them in the field. Mortimer s Hujbandj.
RICKETS, n.f. [rachitis, Lat. A name given to the dijftemper at its appearance by Glijfon.]
The rickets is a diftemper in children, from an unequal diflribution of nourifhment, whereby the joints grow knotty,
and the limbs uneven : its cure is performed by evacuation
andfriaion.
In fome vears, liver-grown, fpleen, and rickets. are put al¬
together, by reafon of their likenefs. Grounds Bills of Mart.
° O were my pupil fairly knock’d c. th head,
I fhou’d poflefs th’ eflate, if he were dead ;
He’s fo far o-one with the rickets and th’ evil.
That one fmall dole will fend him to the devil. Dryden.
So when at fchool we firft declaim.
Old Bufby walks us in a theme,
Whofe props fupport our infant Vein,
And help the rickets in the brain ;
But when our fouls their force dilate.
Our thoughts grow up to wit’s eftate* _ Prior.
Ri ckety, adj. [from rickets.~\ Difeafed with the rickets.
In a young animal, when the folids are too lax, the cafe
of rickety chitdren, the diet fhould be gently aftringent. Arb.
Ri'cklus. n.f A plant. . Ainfwortb.
Ri'cture. ru f. [rihura, Lat.] A gaping. Didt.
Rid. pret. of ride.
' To RID. v. a. [from hpebban, Saxon.]
1. To let free ; to redeem.
It is he that delivereth me from my cruel enemies; thou
{halt rid me from the wicked man. Pfalm xviti. 49.
Rid me, and deliver me out of great waters. Pfabn cxliv.
I will bring you out from under their burthens, and rid
you out of their bondage. Exodus vi. 6.
2. To clear ; to difencumber.
They were not before fo willing to be rid of their learned
pallor, as now importunate to obtain him again from them,',
who had given him entertainment. Hooker.
I mull rid all the feas of pirates. Shakefp,
We’ll ufe his countenance ; which being done.
Let her, who would be rid of him, devife
His fpeedy taking off. Shakefp. King Lear,
Upon the word, flept forth
Three of thy crew, to rid thee of that care. B. Johnfan.
I can put on
Thy terrors, as I put thy mildnefs on,
Image of thee in all things ; and fhall foon,
Arm’d with thy might, rid heav’n of thefe rebell’d. Milton.
Did faints for this bring in their plate ;
For when they thought the caufe had need on’t,
Happy was he that could be rid on’t. Hudibras.
The god uneafy till he flept again,
Refolv’d at once to rid himfelf of pain. Dryden.
At any rate we defire to be rid of the prefent evil, which
We are apt to think nothing abfent can equal. * Locke.
The greater vifible good does not always raife men’s defire,
in proportion to the greatnefs it appears to have; though
every little trouble moves us, and lets on work to get rid of
jt 1 Locke.
The ladies afked, whether we believed that the men of any
town would, at the fame conjun&ure, haveloaden themfelves
with their wives ; or rather, whether they would not have been
glad of fuch an opportunity to get rid of them ? Addifon.
The father, feeing himfelf entirely rid of Theodofius, was
not very much concerned at the obflinate refufal of his
daughter. Addifon s Spectator, N° 164.
3. To difpatch.
Having the bell at Barnet field.
We’ll thither flraight; for willingnefs rids away. Shakefp.
4. To drive away ; to prefs away ; to deflroy.
Ah deathfmen! you have rid this fweet young prince. Sha.
Ri'ddance. n.f [from rid.]
2. Deliverance.
Deliverance from fudden death, riddance from all adverfity,
and the extent of faving mercy towards all men. Hooker.
2. Difencumbrance ; lol's of fomething one is glad to lofe.
I have too griev’d a heart
To take a tedious leave : thus lofers part.
—A gentle riddance. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
By this, the cock had a good riddance of his rival. UEJh'.
3. A£t of clearing away ahy encumbrances.
Thofe blofloms, and thofe dropping gums,
That lie beflrown, unfightly and unfmooth,
• Afk riddance, if wc mean to tread with cafe. Milton.
RID'
Ri'ddeN. the participle of ride.
He could never have ridden out an eternal period, but It
mud be by a more powerful being than himfelf. Hale.
REDDLE, n. f. [paebelp, Saxon, from ptebe, counfel, perhaps
a trial of wit.]
1. An enigma j a puzzling queftion j a dark problem.
How did you dare
To trade and traffickwith Macbeth,
In riddles and in charms of death. Shakefp, Macbeth.
The Theban monfter, that propos’d
Her riddle, and him, who folv’d it not, devour’d ;
That once found out and folv’d, for grief and fpight
Caft herfelf headlong from the Ifmenian fteep. Milton.
Her mother was thinking of a riddle. Dryden.
2. Any thing puzzling.
’Twas a ftrange riddle of a lady;
Not love, if any lov’d her: hey day !
So cowards never ufe their might,
But againft fuch as will not fight. Hudibras.
3. [hpibble, Saxon.] A coarfe or open fieve.
Horfe-beans and tares, fown together, are eafily parted
with a riddle. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
To Ri'ddle. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To folve; to unriddle. There is fomething of whimfical
analogy between the two fenfes of the word riddle: as, we
fay, to fift a quefion : but their derivations differ.
Riddle me this, and guefs him if you can.
Who bears a nation in a fingle man ? Dryden’s Juvenal.
2. To feparate by a coarfe fieve.
The finefl fifted mould muft be riddled in. Mortimer.
To Ri'ddle. v. n. [from the noun.] To fpeak ambiguoufly
or obfeurely.
Be plain, good fon, and homely in thy drift 5
Riddling confeffion finds but riddling fhrifi. Shakefp.
REddlingly. adv. [from riddle.] In the manner of a riddle.
Though like the peftilence and old-fafhion’d love,
Riddlingly it catch men, and doth remove
Never, till it be flarv’d out, yet their ftate
Is poor. Donne:
To RIDE. v. n. preter. rid or rode-, part, rid or ridden. [pit>an,
Saxon ; rijden, Dutch.]
1. To travel on horfeback.
Brutus and Caflius
Are rid, like madmen, through the gates of Rome. Shah.
Were you but riding forth to air yourfelf.
Such parting were too petty. Shakefp. Cymbcline.
Am not I thine afs, upon which thou haft ridden f Numb}.
So ftands U foreft tall of mountain oaks
Advanc’d to mighty growth ; the traveller.
Hears from the humble valley, where he rides.
The hollow murmurs of the winds that blow
Amidft the boughs. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
Let your mailer ride on before, and do you gallop after
hyn. Swift’s Directions to the Groom.
2. To travel in a vehicle ; to be borne, not to walk.
Infedted be the air whereon they ride. Shakefp.
Upon this chaos rid the diftreffed ark, that bore the fmall
remains of mankind. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
3. To be fupported in motion.
As venerable Neftor, hatch’d in filver.
Should with a bond of air, ftrong as the axle-tree.
On which heav’n rides, knit all the Grecian ears
To his experienc’d tongue. Shakefp. Troilus and Crefftda:
4. To manage an horfe.
Skill to ride feems a fcience,
Proper to gentle blood; fome others feign,
To manage fteeds, as did this vaunter; but in vain. F. gf.
The horfes I faw well chofen, ridden, and furnifhed. Shak.
Infpir’d by love, whofe bufinefs is to pleafe.
He rode, he fenc’d, he mov’d with graceful eafe. Dryden.
5. To be on the water.
On the Weftern coaft
Rideth a puiflant army. Shakefp. Rich. III.
The fea was grown fo rough, that the admiral was not
able longer to ride it out with his gallies ; but was enforced to
flip his anchors, and run his gallies on ground. Knolles.
They were then in a place to be aided by their {hips, which
rode near in Edinburgh Frith. Hayward.
Waiting him his royal fleet did ride,
And willing winds to their low’r’d fails deny’d. Dryden:
Men once walk’d where (hips at anchor ride. Dryden.
Now on their coafts our conquering navy rides,
Way-lays their merchants, and their land befets. Dryden.
6. To be fupported by fomething fubfervient.
A credulous father, and a brother noble,
Whofe nature is fo far from doing harms,
X’ °nWh°‘e; WCtar.
T° nor oblige
us to be ridden at the pleafure of every coxcomb. CMir.
The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers,
cobiers and brewers. Swift’s
R I D
Ri'der. «/. /. [from ride.]
1. One who is carried on a horfe or in a vehicle.
The ftrong camel and the gen’rous horfe,
Reltraiu’d and aw’d by man’s inferior force,
Do to the rider’s will their rage fubmit,
And anfwer to the fpur, and own the bit. Prior.
2. One who manages or breaks horfes.
His horfes are bred better ; and to that end riders dearly
Jibed. Shakefp. As You Like it.
I would with jockies from Newmarket dine,
And to rough riders give my choiceft wine. Bramfton.
3. An inierted leaf.
RIDGE, n.j. [hj-ujs, Saxon ; rig, Danifh ; rugge, Dutch,
the back.]
1. The top of the back.
He thought it was no time to Hay ;
But in a trice advanc’d the knight
Upon the bare ridge bolt upright. Hudibras.
2. The rough top of any thing, refembling the vertebne of the'
back.
As when a vulture on Imaus bred,
Whofe fnowy ridge the roving Tartar bounds,
Diflodges from a region fcarce of prey. Milton.
His fons
Shall dwell to Seir, on that long ridge of hills ! Milton.
The higheft ridges of thofe mountains ferve for the main¬
tenance of cattle for the inhabitants of the vallies. Ray.
3. A deep protuberance.
Part rife in crydal wall, or ridge dirc<ff,
For hade. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. vii.
About her coads unruly waters roar.
And, rifing on a ridge, infult the fhore. Dryden.
4. The ground thrown up by the plow.
Thou vifited the earth ; thou watered the ridges thereof
abundantly ; thou fettled the furrows thereof. Pfalmlxv. 10.
The body is fmooth on that end, and on this ’tis fet with
ridges round the point. Woodward.
Wheat mud be fovved above furrow fourteen days before
Michaelmas, and laid up in round high warm ridges. Mart.
Land for grafs lay down when you fow wheat or rye; but
then your corn fhould be fowed on broad ridges. Mortimer.
5. The top of the roof riling to an acute angle.
Ridge tiles or roof tiles, being in length thirteen inches,
and made circular breadthways like an half cylinder, whofe
diameter is about ten inches or more, and about half an inch
and half a quarter in thicknefs, are laid upon the upper part
or ridge of the roof, and alfo on the hips. Moxon.
6. Ridges of a horfe’s mouth are wrinkles or rifings of the
flefh in the roof of the mouth, running acrofs from one fide
of the jaw to the other like flefhy ridges, with interjacent
furrows or finking cavities. Farrier’s Did}.
To Ridge, v. a. [from the noun.] To form a ridge.
Thou from heav’n
Feign’dd at thy birth was given thee in thy hair.
Where drength can lead abide, though all thy hairs
Were bridles rang’d like thofe that ridge the back
Of chaf’d wild boars, or ruffl’d porcupines. Milton.
Ri'dgling. \n. f. [ovis rejicula, Lat. Ainf.] A ram half
Ri'dgil. 5 cadrated.
Tend my herd, and fee them fed;
To morning padures, evening waters led :
And ’ware the Libyan ridgil’s butting head. Dryden.
Tend them well, and fee them fed
In padures frefh, and to their watering led ;
And ’ware the ridgling with his butting head. Dryden.
Ri dgy, adj. [from ridge.J Rifing in a ridge.
Far in the feaagaind the foaming fhore.
There dands a rock, the raging billows roar
Above his head in dorms ; but when ’tis clear.
Uncurl their ridgy backs, and at his feet appear. Dryden.
RIDICULE, n.f. [ridicule, Fr. ridiculum, Lat.] Wit of that
fpecies that provokes laughter.
Sacred to ridicule his whole life long.
And the fad burthen of fome merry fong. Pope.
Touch’d and fham’d by ridicule alone. Pope.
Thofe, who aim at ridicule,
Should fix upon fome certain rule.
Which fairly hints they are in jed. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
To Ri'dicule. v. a. [from the noun,] To expofe to laughter j
to treat with contemptuous merriment.
I widi the vein of ridiculing all that is ferious and good
may have no worfe efi.etd upon our date, than knight errantry
had on theirs. ‘Temple.
He often took a pleafure to appear ignorant, that he might
the better turn to riduule thofe that valued themlelves on
their books. Addifon on Medals.
Rjdi'culous. adj. [ridicule, Fr. ricliculus, Lat.j Worthy of
laughter ; exciting contemptuous merriment.
Thus was the building left
Ridiculous; and the work confuiion nam’d. Milton.
It was not in Titus’s power not to be derided j but it was
in his power not to be ridiculous. South.
RIF
RiDi'cutQUsLY. ado. [from ridiculous.] In a manner worthy
of laughter or contempt.
Epicurus’s difeourfe concerning the original of the world Is
fo ridiculoufly merrv, that the delign of his philofophy was
pleafure and not inftru£tion. South.
Ridi cueousness. n.f[from ridiculous.] The quality of being
ridiculous.
What fport do Tertullian, Minucius and Arnobius make
with the images confecrated to d.vine worfhip ? from the
meannefs of the matter they are made, the cafualties ot fire,
and rottennefs they are fubjeft to, on purpofe to reprefent the
ridituloujnefs of worfhipping luch things. Stillingfteet.
Ri'ding. particip. adj. Employed to travel on anyoccafion.
It is provided by another provincial conditution, that no
fuffragan bifhop fhall have more than one riding apparitor,
and that archdeacons fhall not have fo much as one riding ap¬
paritor, but only a foot meffenger. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Ri'ding. n.f [from ride.] A didrict vifited by an officer.
Ri'dingcoat. n.f [tiding and coat.] A coat made to keep
out weather.
When you carry your mader’s ridingcoat in a journey, wrap
your own in it. Swift’s Directions to the Groom.
Ri dinghood. n.f. [riding and hood.] A hood ufed by wo¬
men, when they travel, to bear off the rain.
The palliolum was like our ridinghood., and ferved both
for a tunick and a coat. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Good houfewives all the winter’s rage defpife.
Defended by the ridinghood’s difguife. Gay.
Rie. n.f. An efculent grain. The flowers have no leaves,
but confid of feveral damina, produced from the flowercup ; thefe flowers are collected into a fmall fpike, and
are difpofed almod fingly : from the flower-cup arifes the
pointal, afterward an oblong flendjer feed inclofed in an hufic,
which was before the flower-cup : this difters from wheat in
having a flatter fpike, the corn larger and more naked. Miller.
Augud fhall bear the form of a young man of a fierce
afpe<d, upon his head a garland of wheat and rie. Peacham.
RIFE. adj. [pype, Saxon ; rijf, Dutch.] Prevalent; prevail¬
ing ; abounding. It is now only ufed of epidemical didemperSi
While thofe redlefs defires, in great men rife,
To vidt fo low folks did much difdain,
This while, though poor, they in themfelves did reign. Sid.
Guyon clofely did await
Avantage ; whild his foe did rage mod rife ;
Sometimes athwart, fometimes he drook him draight.
And falfed oft his blows. Fairy ghteen, b. ii.
The plague was then rife in Hungary. Knolles.
Bleffings then are plentiful and rife,
More plentiful than hope. Herbert.
Space may produce new worlds; whereof fo rife
There went a fame in heav’n, that he ere long
Intended 'to create. Miltons Paradife Loft, b. i.
This is the place.
Whence ev’n now the tumult of loud mirth
Was rife, and perfect in my Iid’ning ear. Milton.
That grounded maxim
So rife and celebrated in the mouths
Of wifed men, that to the publick good
Private refpe£ts mud yield. Milton.
Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs
were rife and mortal. Arbuthnot on Air.
RFfely. adv. [from rife.] Prevalently; abundantly.
It was rifely reported, that the Turks were coming in a
• great fleet. Knolles’s Hiftory of the Turks.
Ri'feness. n.f. [from rife.] Prevalence; abundance.
He aferibes the great rifenefs of carbuncles in the dimmer,
to the great heats. Arbuthnot on Air.
To RI'FLE. v. a. [riffer, rifler, Fr. rijfelen, Dutch.] To
rob ; to pillage ; to plunder.
Stand, Sir, and throw us what you have about you; if
not, we’ll make you. Sir, and rifle you. Shakefp.
Men, by his fuggedion taught,
Ranfack’d the centre, and with impious hands
Rifled the bowels of their mother earth
For treafures better hid. Milton’s Paradife Lojl, b. i.
You have rifled my mader, who fhall maintain me ? L’Eft.
A commander in the parliament’s rebel army rifled and de¬
faced the cathedral at Litchfield. South.
Mine is thy daughter, pried, and fhall remain,
And pray’rs, and tears, and bribes fhall plead in vain,
Till time fhall rifle every youthful grace. Pope.
Ri'fler. n.f. [from rifle.] Robber; plunderer; pillager.
Rift. n. f. [from rive.J A cleft; a breach ; an opening *
He pluckt a bough, out of whofe rift there come to'
Small drops of gory blood. pair 6) L
She did confine thee
Into a cloven pine, within which rift
Imprifon d, thou didft painfully remain. Shakefp.
. . n James s fields is a conduit of brick, unto which
joineth a low vault; at the end of that is a round houfe, with
a fmall flit or rift; and in the conduit a window : if you cry
out in the rift, it makes a fearful roaring at the window. Bac.
21 Y They
. :R I G
They have an klle tradition, that a miflH bird, feeding
upon a feed (he cannot digeft, expelleth it whole ; which,
falling upon a bough of a tree that hath fome rift, putteth
forth the miffeltoe. Bacon.
Either tropick
’Gan thunder, and both ends of heav n ; the clouds
From many a horrid rift abortive pour d
Fierce rain, with lightning mixt. Milton.
Some pick out bullets from the veflels fides, <
Some drive old oakum through each feam and rift. Dryd.
To Rift. v. a. [from the noun.] To cleave ; to fplit.
To the dread rattling thunder
Have I giv’n fire, and rifted Jove’s flout oak
With his own bolt. Shakefp. Tempeft.
At fight of him the people with a fhout
Rifted the air. Milton's Agonijles.
On rifted rocks, the dragon’s late abodes,
The green reed trembles. Pope s Meffiah.
To Rift. v. n.
1. To burfl; to open.
I’d fhriek, that even your ears
Should rift to hear me. Shakefp. TVinter s Tale.
Some trees are beft for fhip-timber, as oaks that grow in
moifl grounds ; for that maketh the timber tough, and not
apt to rift with ordnance. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
When ice is congealed in a cup, it will fwell inflead of
contrading, and fometimes rift. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
2. [Raver, Uanifh.] To belch ; to break wind.
RIG. n.f. Rig, ridge, feem to fignify the top of a hill falling
on each fide ; from the Saxon, hj-1133; and the Ifiandick,
hriggur, both fignifying a back. Gibfon's Camden.
To Rig. v. a. [from rig or ridge, the back.]
1. To drefs ; to accoutre. Cloatbs are proverbially faid to be
for the back, and victuals for the belly.
Jack was rigged out in his gold and filver lace, with a
feather in his cap; and a pretty figure he made in the
world. L'EJlrange.
2. To fit with tackling.
He, like a foolifh pilot, hath fhipwrcck’d
My veflel glorioufly rigg'd. Milton's Agonijles.
The finner fhall fet forth like a fhip launched into the wide
fea, not only well built and rigged ; but alfo carried on with
full wind. South's Sermons.
He bids them rig the fleet. . Denham.
He rigged out another fmall fleet, and the Achaeans engaged
him with theirs. Arhuthnot on Coins.
Rigadoo'n. n.f [rigadon, French.] A dance.
RiGa'tion. n.f. [rigatio, Lat.] The ad of watering. Dift.
Ri'gger. n.f. [from rig.] One that rigs or drefles.
Ri'gging. n. f. [from rig.] The fails or tackling of a
fhip.
To plow the deep,
To make fit rigging, or to build a fhip. Creech.
His batter’d rigging their whole war receives ;
All bare, like fome old oak with tempefts beat,
He Hands, and fees below his fcatter’d leaves. Dryclen.
Ri'ggish. adj. [from rig, an old word for a whore.] Wanton ;
whorifh.
Vilefl things
Become themfelves in her, that the holy priefts
Blefs her, when fhe is riggijh. Shakejp. Ant. and Cieop.
To Ri'ggle. v. a. [properly to wriggle.] To move backward
and forward, as fhrinking from pain.
RIGHT, adj. [pigt, Saxon; recht, Dutch; ritto, Italian;
rectus, Latin.]
1.Fit; proper; becoming; fuitable ; true; not erroneous;
not wrong.
How forcible are right words ! but what doth your ar¬
guing reprove ? 1 _ J°h 25‘
The words of my mouth are plain to him that under -
' flandeth, and right to them that find knowledge. Prov. viii.
The Lord God led me in the right way. Gen. xxiv. 48.
There being no law of nature, nor pofitive law of God,
that determines which is the right heir in all cafes, the right
of fucceflion could not have been certainly determined. Locke.
If there be no profpedt beyond the grave, the inference is
certainly right, let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die.
Locke.
Our calendar wants to be reformed, and the equinox rightly
computed ; and being once reformed and fet right, it may be
kept fo, by omitting the additional day at the end of every
hundred and thirty-four years. Holder on Time.
A time there will be, when all thefe unequal diftributions
of good and evil fhall be fet right, and the wifdom of all his
tranfadtions made as clear as the noon-day. Atterhury.
2. Not miftaken ; palling a true judgement; palling judgement
according to the truth of things.
You are right, juftice and you weigh this well;
Therefore Hill bear the balance and the fword. Shakefp.
3. Juft; honeft; equitable.
Their heart was not right with him, neither were they ftedfaft in his apvenant. Pfalm lxxviii. 37.
*7)
R I G
4. Happy; convenient.
The lady has been difappointed on the right fide, and found
nothing more difagreeable in the hufband, than fhe difeovered
in the lover. Addijons Spectator.
3.Not left.
It is not with that certainty to be received, what is believed
concerning the right and left hand, that men naturally make
ufe of the right, and that the ufe of the other is a digreflion.
Browns Vulgar Errours*
The left foot naked, when they march to fight.
But in a bull’s raw hide they fheathe the right. Drydcn.
6. Strait; not crooked.
The idea of a right lined triangle neceflarily carries with it
an equality of its angles to two right ones. Locke.
7. Perpendicular.
Right, interject. An expreflion of approbation.
Right, cries his lordfhip, for a rogue in need
To have a tafte, is infolence indeed :
In me ’tis noble, fuits my birth and ftate. Pope*
Right, adv.
1. Properly ; juftly; exadlly; according to truth.
Then fhall the right aiming thunder-bolts go abroad, and
from the clouds, as from a well-drawn bow, fhall they fly to
the mark. IVifdom v. 21.
With ftridl difeipline inftrudlcd right.
Have learn’d to ufe your arms before you fight. Rofcommon»
Take heed you fleer your veflel right, my foil,
This calm of heaven, this mermaid’s melody.
Into an unfeen whirlpool draws you faft.
And in a moment finks you. Dryden's Spanifh Fryar.
To underftand political power right, and derive it from its
original, we muft confider what ftate all men are naturally in,
and that is a ftate of perfect freedom to order their actions,
and difpofe of their poffeflions and perfons. Locke.
2. In a diredl line.
Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look
ftraight before thee. Proverbs iv. 25.
Ye fhall be driven out right forth, and none fhall gather
up him that wandereth. Jer. xlix. 5.
The people palled over right againft Jericho. Jof. iii. lb.
Infedts have voluntary motion, and therefore imagination ;
for ants go right forwards to their hills, and bees know the
way from a flowery heath to their hives. Bacon.
This way, right down to Paradile defeend. Milton.
3. In a great degree ; very. Now obfolete.
I gat me to my Lord right humbly. Pfalm xxx. 8.
Right noble princes.
I’ll acquaint our duteous citizens. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Pardon us the interruption
Of thy devotion and right chriftian zeal, Shakefp.
I cannot joy, until I be refolv’d
Where our right valiant is become. Shakefp. Henry VI.
God fhall help her right early. Pfalm xlvi. 5.
The fenate will fmart deep
For your upbraidings : I fhould be right forry
To have the means fo to be veng’d on you.
As I fhall fhortly on them. Benj. Johnfon.
Right many a widow his keen blade,
And many fatherlefs, had made. Hudibras, p. i.
4. It is ftill ufed in titles: as, right honourable ; right reverend.
I mention the right honourable Thomas Howard lord high
marfhal. Peacham on Drawing.
Right, n.f.
1. Juftice ; not wrong.
Perfons of noble blood are lefs envied in their rifling ; for
it feemeth but right done to their birth. Bacon.
In the midft of your inve&ivcs, do the Turks this right,
as to remember that they are no idolaters. Bacon.
One riling, eminent
In wife deport, fpake much of right and wrong.
Of juftice, of religion, truth, and peace,
And judgement from above. Milton's Par. Loft.
Long love to her has borne the faithful knight,
And well deferv’d, had fortune done him right. Drydcn.
He, that would do right to religion, cannot take a more
effedlual courfe, than by reconciling it with the happinefs of
mankind. Tillotfon.
2. Freedom from errour.
Seldom your opinions err;
Your eyes are always in the right. Prior.
3. Juft claim.
The Roman citizens were, by the fword, taught to ac¬
knowledge the pope their lord, though they knew not iy
what right. Rfle’S\s WWThe proud tyrant would many times fay, that whatsoever
belonged unto the empire of Rome, was of right bis,-for as
much as he was poftefted of the imperial feepter, which his
great grandfather Mahomet had by law of arms won from
Conftantine. KnoUe{ \ °fihe Turh’
Subdue by force, all who reluie
Right reafon for their law; and for their king
Mefliah, who by right of merit reigns. Mdfon.
My
R I G
My right to it appears,
By W poflfeflion of eight hundred years. Drydm.
** ere rnfeparahle rn *««££**»
^°Defcriptions, figures, and fables mull be in all heroick
s • every poet hath as much right to them, as every man
hath to’ air. Drjdm.
judah pronounced fentencc of death agamlt Thamar: our
author thinks it is very good proof, that becaufe he did it,
therefore he had a right to do it. . Locke.
A^rippa is generally ranged in fets of medals among the
the emperors ;~as fome among the emprefles have no other
right. , * Addifon'
That which juftly belongs to one.
To thee doth the right of her appertain, feeing thou only
art of her kindred. Tob. vi. 11.
The cuftom of employing thefe great perfons in all great
offices, paffes for a right. Temple.
The pris’ner freed himfelf by nature’s laws.
Born free, he fought his right. Dryderis Knight’s Tale,
c. Property ; intereft.
A fubjedt in his prince may claim a right,
Nor fuffer him with ftrength impair’d to fight. Dryden.
6. Power ; prerogative.
God hath a fovereign right over us, as we are his creatures,
• and by virtue of this right, he might, without injuftice, have
impofed difficult tafks : but in making laws, he hath not
made ufe of this right. Tillotfon.
7. Immunity; privilege.
The citizens.
Let them but have their rights, are ever forward
In celebration of this day with fhews. Shakefp.
Their only thoughts and hope was to defend their own
rights and liberties, due to them by the law. Clarendon.
8. The lide not left.
On his right
The radiant image of his glory fat.
His only fon. Milton.
<5. To Rights. In a dire# line ; ftraight.
Thefe ftrata failing, the whole tradl finks down to rights
into the abyfs, and is (wallowed up by it. Wlodward.
jO. To Rights. Deliverance from errour.
Several have gone about to inform them, and fet them to
rights’, but for want of that knowledge of the prefent fyftem
of nature, have not given the fatisfadtion expedted. Wood-w.
To Right, v. a. To do juftice to; to eftablifh in pofleffions
juftly claimed ; to relieve from wrong.
How will this grieve you,
When you fhall come to clearer knowledge, that
You thus have publifti’d me ? gentle my lord.
You fcarce can right me throughly. Shakefp.
If the injured perfon be not righted, every one of them is
wholy guilty of the injuftice, and bound to reftitution. Taylor.
I cou’d not expedient fee,
On.this fide death, to right our family. Waller.
Make my father known,
To right my honour, and redeem your own. Dryden.
RI'GHTEOUS. adj. [pihtpiye, Saxon ; whence right-wife in
old authours, and right-wifely in bilhop Fijber: fo much are
words corrupted by pronunciation.]
1. Juft; honeft; virtuous; uncorrupt.
That far be from thee, to flay the righteous with the
wicked ; and that the righteous ftiould be as the wicked. Gen.
2. Equitable.
Kill my rival too ; for he no lefs
Deferves ; and I thy righteous doom will blefs. Dryden.
RFghteously. adv. [from righteous.] Honeftly j virtuoufly.
Athens did righteoufly decide,
When Phocion and when Socrates were try’d ;
As righteoufly they did thofe dooms repent,
Still they were wife, whatever way they went.' Dryden.
Righteousness, n.f. [from righteous.'] Juftice; honefty;
virtue; goodnefs.
The feripture, aferibing to the perfons of men righteoufnefs,
in regard of their manifold virtues, may not be conftrued, as
though it did thereby clear them from all faults. Hooker.
Here wretched Phlegias warns the world with cries, 1
Cou’d warning make the world more juft or wife ; >
Learn righteoufnefs, and dread th’ avenging deities. Dry. 3
RFGHTFUL. adj. [right and/a//.]
1. Having the right; having the juft claim.
As in this haughty great attempt,
They laboured to fupplant the rightful heir;
I loft my liberty, and they their lives. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Some will mourn in allies, fome coal black.
For the depofing of a rightful king. Shakefp. Rich. II.
2. Honeft; juft. i
Nor would, for gold or fee,
Be won, their rightful caufes down to tread. Fairy dguecn.
Gather all the finding hours;
Such as with friendly care have guarded .
Patriots and kings in rightful wars. Prior.
R 1 G
Rightfully, adv. [from rightful.] According to right;
according to juftice.
Henry, who claimed by fucceffion,- was knfible that his
title was not found, but was rightfully in Mortimer, who had
married the heir of York. Dryden’s Preface to Fables,
Right-hand. «.J. Not the left.
The rank of ofiers, by the murmuring ftream.
Left on your right-hand brings you to the place. Shakefp^
RFghtfulness. n.f [from rightful.] Moral rectitude.
But ftill although we fail of perfect nghtfulnefs,
Seek we to tame thefe fuperfluities,
Nor wholly wink though void of purefl: fightfulnels. Sid.
RFghtly. adv. [from r
'>•] ... n
1. According to truth ; properly; fuitably ; not erroneoully.
Each of his reign allotted, rightlier call’d
Pow’rs of fire, air, water, and earth beneath. Milton*
Defcend from heav’n, Urania ! by that name
If rightly thou art call’d. Milton’s Paradife Lofl, b. vii.
For glory done
Of triumph, to be Ityl’d great conquerors,
Patrons of mankind, gods, and ions of gods ;
Deftroyers rightlier call’d, and plagues of men. Milton.
A man can never have fo certain a knowledge, that a propofition, which contradidls the clear principles of his own
knowledge, was divinely revealed, or that he underfiands the
words rightly, wherein it is delivered ; as he has, that the
contrary is true. Locke.
Is this a bridal or a friendly feaft ?
Or from their deeds I rightlier may divine,
Unfeemly flown with infolence or wine. Pope’s Odyffey.
2. Honeftly ; uprightly.
Let not my jealoufies be your diftionour;
You may be rightly juft, whatever I fhall think* Shakefp.
3. Exactly.
Should I grant, thou didft not rightly fee ;
Then thou wert firft deceiv’d. Dryden.
4. Straitly ; diredtly.
We wifh one end ; but differ in order and way, that leadeth
rightly to that end. Afchams Schoolmqfler.
RFghtness. n. f. [from right.]
1. Conformity to truth ; exemption from being wrong ; reclitude.
It is not neceffary for a man to be affured of the rightnefs
of his confcience, by fuch an infallible certainty of perfuafion,
as amounts to the clearnefs of a demonftration ; but it is fufficient if he knows it upon grounds of fuch a probability, as
fhall exclude all rational grounds of doubting. South.
Like brute beafts we travel with the herd, and are never
fo felicitous for the rightnefs of the way, as ferthe number or
figure of our company. RogerFs Sermons.
2. Straitnefs.
Sounds move ftrongeft in a right line, which neverthelefs
is not caufed by the rightnefs of the line, but by the fhortnefs
of the diftance. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
REGID. adj. [rigide, Fr. rigidus, Latin.]
1. Stiff; not to be bent; unpliant.
A body, that is hollow, may be demonftrated to be more
rigid and inflexible, than a felid one of the fame fobftance
and weight. Pay on the Creation.
2. Severe ; inflexible.
His fevere judgment giving law,
His modeft fancy kept in awe ;
As rigid hufbands jealous are,
When they believe their wives too fair. Denham«
3. Sharp; cruel. It is ufed fomewhat harfh by Philips.
Queen of this univerfe ! do not believe
Thofe rigid threats of death ; ye fhall not die. Milton.
Creffy plains
And Agincourt, deep ting’d with blood, confefs
What the Silures vigour unwithftood
Could do in rigid fight. _ Philips.
Ri'gidity. n.f [rigidite, Fr. from rigid.]
1. Stiffnefs.
Rigidity is Paid of the folids of the body, when, being ftiff
or impliable, they cannot readily perform their relpedtive of¬
fices ; but a fibre is faid to be rigid, when its parts fo ftrongly
cohere together, as not to yield to that adtion of the fluids,
which ought to overcome their refiftance in order to the prefervation of health : it is to be remedied by fomentations.
Rigidity of the organs is luch a ftate as makes them refift
that expanlion, which is neceffary to carry on the vital func¬
tions: rigidity of the veflels and organs mull neeeffarily fol¬
low from the rigidity of the fibres. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Stiffnefs of appearance ; want of eafy or airy elegance.
This fevere obfervation of nature, by the one in her commoneft, and by the other in her abfoluteft forms, mud needs
produce in both a kind of rigidity, and confequently more
naturalnefs than gracefulnefs. Wsttons Architecture.
Ri'gidly. adv. [from rigid.]
1. Stifly; unpliantly.
2. Severely; inflexibly.
RFgidness. n.f [from rigid.] Severity ;-inflexibility.
Riglet.
R I M
RVglrt. n.y. [regulet, Fr.] A flat thin fquare piece of wood.
. Thus the pieces that are intended to make the frames for
pictures, before they are molded, are called riglets. Max.
RVgol. n.f A circle. Ufed in Shakefpeare for a diadem.
This fleep is found ; this is a fleep.
That, from this golden rigol, hath divorc’d
So many Englifh kings. Shakefp• Henry IV.
RI'GOUR. n.f. [rigor, Latin.}
1. Cold; ftiffnefs.
The reft his look
Bound with Gorgonian rigour, not to move. Milton.
2. A convulfive fhuddering with fenfe of cold.
A right regimen, during the rigor or cold fit in the begin¬
ning of a fever, is of great importance ; a long continued
rigor is a fign of a ftrong difeafe : during the rigor, the cir •
tulation is lefs quick, and the blood actually ftagnates in the
extremities, and, prefling upon the heart, may produce con¬
cretions j therefore a rigor increafeth an inflammation. Arb.
3. Severity ; fternnefs ; want of condefcenfion to others.
Nature has got the victory over paflion, all his rigour is
turned to grief and pity. Denham’s Sophy.
Rigour makes it difficult for Aiding virtue to recover. Clarif
4. Severity of conduit.
Does not loofenefs of life, and a want of neceffary fobriety
in fome, drive others into rigors that are unneceffary ? Sprat.
This prince lived in this convent, with all the rigor and
aufterity of a capuchin. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
5. Strictnefs ; unabated exactnefs.
It may not feem hard, if in cafes of neceffity certain pro¬
fitable ordinances fometimes be releafed, rather than all men
always ftrictly bound to the general rigor thereof. Hooker.
Heat and cold are not, according to philofophical rigour,
the efficients ; but are names exprefling our paffions. Glanvill.
The bafe degenerate age requires
Severity and juftice in its rigour :
This awes an impious bold offending world. Addifon.
6. Rage ; cruelty ; fury.
He at his foe with furious rigour fmites,
Thatftrongeft oak might feem to overthrow;
The ftroke upon his fhield fo heavy lights.
That to the ground it doubleth him full low. Fairy §)ueen.
Driven by the neceffities of the times and the temper of
the people, more than led by his own difpofition to any height
and rigour of actions. King Charles.
*p Hardnefs ; not flexibility ; folidity; not foftnefs.
The ftones the rigor of their kind expel.
And fupple into foftnefs as they fell. Dryden.
Rigorous. adj. [from rigour.] Severe; allowing no abate¬
ment.
He fhall be thrown down the Tarpeian rock
With rigorous hands ; he hath refilled law.
And therefore law fhall fcorn him further trial.
Than the feverity of publick power. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Are thefe terms hard and rigorous, beyond our capacities to
perform ? Rogers’s Sermons.
Ri'g oRously. adv. [from rigorous.] Severely; without tendernefs or mitigation.
Left they faint
At the fad fentence rigoroujly urg’d,
For I behold them foften’d, and with tears
Bewailing their excefs, all terror hide. Milton.
The people would examine his works more rigoroujly than
himfelf, and would not forgive the leaft miftake. Dryden.
RILL. n.f. [rivulus, Lat.J A fmall brook; a little ftreamlet.
May thy brimmed waves from this
Their full tribute never mifs,
From a thoufand petty rills,
That tumble down the fnowy hills. Milton.
To Rill. v. n. [from the noun.J To run in fmall ftreams.
Io ! Apollo, mighty king, let envy,
Ill-judging and verbofe, from Lethe’s lake.
Draw tuns unmeafurable ; while thy favour
Adminifters to my ambitious thirft
T he wholefome draught from Aganippe’s ipring
Genuine, and with foft murmurs gently rilling
Adown the mountains where thy daughters haunt. Prior.
RFllet. n.f. [corrupted from rivulet.] A fmall ftream.
A creek of Ofe, between two hills, delivering a little frefli
rillet into the fea. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
Rim. n.f. [pima, Saxon.]
1. A border; a margin.
It keeps of the fame thicknefs near its centre; while its
figure is capable of variation towards the rim. Grew.
2. T hat which encircles fomething elfe.
We may not affirm, that ruptures are confinable unto one
fide, as the peritoneum or rim of the belly may be broke;
or its perfoiations relaxed in either. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
I he drum-maker ufes it for rimbs. Mottimer’s Hufbandry.
Rime. n.f. [hjum, Saxon.}
1. Hoar froft.
Breathing upon a glafs giveth a dew; and in rime frofts
you (hall find drops of dtw upon the infide of glafs windows.
I , Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
R I N
In a hoar froft, a rime, is a multitude of quadrangular
prifms piled without any order one over another. Grew.
2. [Rima, Lat.J A hole ; a chink.
Though birds have no epiglottis, yet can they contrail the
rime or chink of their larinx, lo as to prevent the admiffion of
wet or dry indigefted. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
To Rime. v. n. [from the noun.] To freeze with hoar froft.
To Ri mple. v. a. To pucker ; to contrail into corrugations.
See Crumple and Rumple.
The Ikin was tenfe, alfo rimpled and bliftered. Wifeman.
RFmy. adj. [from rime.] Steamy; foggy ; mifty.
The air is now cold, hot, dry, or moift ; and then thin,
thick, foggy, rimy, or poifonous. Harvey
Rind, n.f [pmb, Saxon; rinde, Dutch.] Bark; hulk.
Therewith a piteous yelling voice was heard.
Crying, O fpare with guilty hands to tear
My tender Tides in this rough rind embar’d. Fairy fjhieen.
Within the infant rind of this fmall flower
Poifon hath refidence, and medicine power. Shakefp.
Thefe plants are neither red nor polifhed, when drawn out
of the water, till their rind have been taken off. Boyle.
Others whole fruit, burnilh’d with golden rind.
Hung amiable. Milton’s Paradife Lofl.
Thou can’ll not touch the freedom of this mind
With all thy charms, although this corporal rind
Thou haft immanacl’d. Milton.
This monument, thy maiden beauty’s due.
High on a plane-tree fhall be hung to view;
On the fmooth rind the paffenger lhall fee
Thy name engrav’d, and worlhip Helen’s tree. Dryden.
To Rind. v. n. [from the noun.] To decorticate ; to bark :
to hulk.
RING. n.f. [hjunj, Saxon.]
1. A circle ; an orbicular line.
In this habit
Met I my father with his bleeding rings,
Their precious gems new loft. Shakefp.
Bubbles of water, before they began to exhibit their colours
to the naked eye, have appeared through a prilin girded about
with many parallel and horizontal rings. Newton.
2. A circle of gold or fome other matter worn as an ornament.
A quarrel.
—About a hoop of gold, a paltry ring. Shakefp.
I have feen old Roman rings fo very thick about, and with
fuch large ftones in them, that ’tis no wonder a fop fhould
reckon them a little cumberfome in the fummer. Addifon.
3. A circle of metal to be held by.
The rings of iron, that on the doors were Lung,
Sent out a jarring found, and harlhly rung. Dryden.
Some eagle got the ring of my box in his beak, with an
intent to let it faff, and devour it. Gulliver.
4. A circular courfe.
Chafte Diana, ,
Goddefs prefixing o’er the rapid race,
Place me, O place me in the dully ring,
Where youthful charioteers contend for glory. Smith*
5. A circle made by perfons Handing round.
Make a ring about the corps of Caefar,
And let me Ihew you him, that made the will. Shakefp.
The Italians, perceiving themfclves almoft environed, call
themfelves into a ring, and retired back into the city. Hayw.
Round my arbour a new ring they made.
And footed it about the fecret lhade. Dryden.
6. A number of bells harmonically tuned.
A fquirrel fpends his little rage,
In jumping round a rowling cage ;
The cage as either fide turn’d up,
Striking a ring of bells a-top. Prior.
7. The found of bells or any other fonorous body.
Stop the holes of a hawk’s bell, it will make no ring, but
a flat noife or rattle. Bacon.
Hawks bells, that have holes, give a greater ring, than
if the pellet did ftrike upon brafs in the open air. Bacon.
Sullen Moloch fled.
Hath left in fhadows dread
His burning idol all of blackeft hue ;
In vain with cymbals ring,
They call the grifly king. Milton.
8. A found of any kind.
The king, full of confidence, as he had been victorious in
battle, and had prevailed with his parliament, and had the
ring of acclamations frefti in his ears, thought the reft of his
reign Ihould be but play. Bacon’s Henry VII.
To Ring. v. a. pret. and part. paff. rung, [h/unjan, Saxon.]
1. To ftrike bells or any other fonorous body, fo as to make it
found.
I ’gin to be aweary of the fun ;
Ring the alarum bell. Shakefp. Macbeth.
2. [From ring.] To encircle.
Talbot, —--
Who, ring’dabout with bold adverfity.
Cries out for noble York and Somerlet. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
3- T9
R I N
3‘ 1 ° Death! deafh > oh amiable lovely death !
Thou odoriferous ftench, lound rottenels
Arile forth from thy couch of lafting night,
Thou hate and terrourto profpenty.
And I will kits thv detettable bones,
\ -1 uut my eye-balls in thy vaulty brows,
\Jvj \.;y(r thefe fingers with thy houfliold worms. Shakefp.
4. To reftrain a hog by a ring in his nofe.
To Ring. w*
To found as a bell or fonorous metal.
Ring out ye cryftal fpheres,
And let your filver chime
Move in melodious time ;
And let the bafe of heav’n’s deep organ blow. Milton.
No funeral rites nor man in mournful weeds,
Nor mournful bell {hall ring her burial. Shakefp.
Eaiv it might be to ring otfer changes upon the lame
bejjs 1 Norris’s Mfcellames.
At Latagus a weighty Rone he flung ;
His face was flatted, and his helmet rung. Dryilen.
2. To praCtile the art of making mufick with bells.
Sions for communication may be contrived at pleafure : tour
bells° admit twenty four changes in ringing ; each change
may, by agreement, have a certain fignification. Holder.
3. To found; to refound. , ,
Hercules, miffing his page, called him by his name aloud,
that all the Ihore rang of it. Bacon.
R I P
1
The particular ringing found in gold, diftinCt from the
found of other bodies, has no particular name. Locke.
With fweeter notes each riling temple rung,
A Raphael painted ! and a Vida lung !
Immortal Vida ! °Pe‘
a. To utter as a bell.
Ere to black Hecat’s fummons
The Ihard-born beetle, with his drowfy hums,
Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there {hall be done
A deed of dreadful note. Shakefp. Macbeth.
c:. To tinkle. T> , ,
My ears ftill ring with noife ; I m vext to death :
Tongue-kth’d, and have not yet recover’d breath. Dryden.
6 To be filled with a bruit or report.
' That profane, atheiftical, epicurean rabble, whom the
whole nation fo rings of, are not indeed, what they vote
themfelves, the wifeft men in the world. South.
Ring-bone. n.J. . . , , n
Ring-bone is a hard callous fubftance growing in the hollow
circle of the little pattern of a horfe, juft above the coronet :
it fometimes gees quite round like a ring, and thence it is
catted the ring-bone. _ Fat tiers Dictionary.
Ri'ngdove. n.f. [rhingelduyve, German.]
Pigeons are of feveral forts, wild and tame; as wood
pio-eons, dovecote pigeons, and ringdoves. Mortimer.
Rl'NGER. n.f. [from ring.] He who rings.
Ringlea'der. n.f. [ring and leader.] 1 he head of a riotous
^Hecaufcd to be executed fome of the ringleaders of the
Cornifti men, in facrifice to the citizens. Bacon's Henry VII.
~ The nobility efcaped ; the poor people, who had been de¬
luded by thefe ringleaders, were executed. . Addifon.
Ri'nglet. n.J. [ring, with a diminutive termination.]
1. A fmall ring. .
Silver the lintals, deep projecting o er ;
And gold the ringlets that command the door. Pope.
2. A circle.
You demy puppets, that
By moon-fhine do the green ringlets make.
Whereof the ewe not bites. Shakefp. Tcmpef.
Never met we,
Upon the beached margent of the fea,
To dance our ringlets to the whittling wind.
But with thy brawls thou haft difturb’d our {port. Sba/cefp.
2. A curl. _ With ringlets quaint, and wanton windings wove. Milt.
Her golden trefles in wanton ringlets wav’d,
As the vine curls her tendrils. Milton.
Thefe in two fable ringlets taught to break,
Once gave new beauties to the fnowy neck. Pope.
Ri'ngstreaKed. adj. [ring andfreaked.) Circularly ftreaked.
Ele removed the he goats that were ringfreaked and fpotted,
and all the fhe goats that were fpeckled. Gen. xxx. 35.
RVngtail. n.J. [ring and tail.] A kind of kite with a
, • •] Bailey.
RiVgworm.' n.f. [ring and worm.] A circular tetter
It tear, with a ferpigo, making many round (pots, fuch
an is generally called ringworms. W.jeman, Surge,y.
To RINSE, v. a. [from rein, German, puie, clcar.J
1. To wafh ; to cleanfe by wattling.
This laft coftly treaty
Swallow’d fo much treafure, and like a glafs
Did break i' th' rmfmg. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Whomfoever he toucheth, and hath not rtnjed his hands in
water, he fhall be unclean. Lev. xv- u*
2.To wafti the foap out of cloaths.
They cannot boil, nor wadi, nor rtnfe, they fay,
With water fometimes ink and fometimes whey,
According as you meet with mud or clay. King.
Ri'nser. n.f [from rinfe.] One that wattles or nrifesi a
wattier.
RPOT. n.f. [riotte, old Fr. riotto, Italian.J
1. Wild and loofe feftivity.
When his headttrong riot hath no curb,
When rage and hot blood are his counlellors,
When means and lavifh manners meet together,
Oh ! with what wings fhall his affeCtion flv
Tow’rd fronting peril and oppos’d decay. Shakefp. Lien. Iv.
So fenfelels of expence.
That he will neither know how to maintain it.
Nor ceafe his flow of riot. Shakefp. Timon of Aliens.
All now was turn’d to jollity and game,
To luxury and riot, feaft and dance. Milton.
2. A fedition ; an uproar.
Transform’d to ferpents all, as acceflories
To his bold riot. Milton.
3. Do run Riot. To move or aCt without controil or reftraint.
One man’s head tuns riot upon hawks and dice. L Efr.
You never can defend his breeding.
Who, in his fatyre’s running riot,
Could never leave the world in quiet. Swift's Mifcel.
To Ri ot. v. n. [riotter, old Fr.]
1. To revel; to be diffipated in luxurious enjoyments.
Let us walk honettly as in the day 5 not in rioting and
drunkennefs. Romans xiii. I31
Now he exaCts of all, wattes in delight.
Riots in pleafure, and negleCts the law. Daniel.
2. To luxuriate ; to be tumultuous.
Thy life a long dead calm of fix’d repofe ;
No pulle that riots, and no blood that glows. Pope.
3. To banquet luxurioufly.
4. To raife a fedition or uproar.
Ri'oter. n.f. [from riot.]
1. One who is diffipated in luxury. . t
2. One who railes an uproar or fedition.
Ri'otise. n.f [from riot.] Diflolutenefs ; luxury.
From every work he challenged effoin
For contemplation fake j yet otherwile
His life he led in lawlefs notife. Fairy Sfueen.
RFotous. adj. [riotteux, Fr. from riot.]
1. Luxurious; wanton; licentioufly feltive.
What needs me tell their feaft and goodly guife,
In which was nothing riotous nor vain. Fairy Pfueen.
When all our offices have been oppreft
With riotous feeders,
I have retir’d me to a wafteful cock.
And fet mine eyes at flow. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
John came neither eating nor drinking, that is far from
the diet of Jerufalem and other riotous places, but fared
coarfely. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
With them no riotous pomp nor Allan train,
T’ infedt a navy with their gaudy fears ;
But war feverely like itfelf appears. Dryden.
2. Seditious ; turbulent.
Ri'otously. adv. [from riotous.]
1. Luxurioufly; with licentious luxury.
He that gathereth by defrauding his own foul, gatheretb
for others that {hall fpend his goods riotoufy. Eccluf. xiv. 4.
2. Seditioufly ; turbulently.
Ri'otousness. n. J. [{rom riotous.] Tne fta.e of being
riotous.
To RIP. v. a. [hpypan, Saxon.]
1. To tear ; to lacerate ; to cut afunder by a continued act of
the knife.
You bloody Nero’s, ripping up the womb
Of your dear mother England, blufh for fhame. Shakefp.
Wilt thou dafh their children, and rip up their women with
child? 2 Kings xm. 12.
The beaft prevents the blow,
And upward rips the groin of his audacious foe. Dryden.
The ripping chittel is a locket chiftel, about an inch broad,
and hath a blunt edge. Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
2. To take away by laceration or cutting.
Macduff was from his mother’s womb
Untimely ripp'd. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Elculapius, "becaufe ripped from his mother’s womb, was
feigned to be the ion of Apollo. Hayward.
Rip this heart of mine
Out of my breaft, and {hew it for a coward’s. Otway.
The confcious hufband
Charges on her the guilt of their difeafe ;
Affecting fury ads a madman’s part,
He’ll rip the fatal fecret from her heart. Granvill.
3. To difclofe ; to fearch out; to tear up ; to bring to view.
Let it be lawful for me to rip up to the very bottom, how
and by whom your dilcipline was planted, at fuch time as this
age we live in began to make firft trial thereof. Hooker.
2i Z You
R I P R I S
You rip up the original of Scotland. Spenfer on Ireland.
This ripping of anceftors is very pleafing unto me, and in¬
deed lavoureth of fome reading. Spenfer on Ireland.
They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning
of the rebellion. Clarendon, b. viii.
The relations confidering that a trial would rip up old fores,
and difeover things not lo much to the reputation of the
deceafed, they dropt their defign. Arbnthnot.
klPE. adj. [pipe* Saxon ; rijpj Dutch.]
1. Brought to perfection in growth ; mature.
Macbeth
Is ripe for fhaking, and the pow’rs above
Put on their inftruments. Shakefp.
The time was the time of the firft ripe grapes. Numb. xiii.
Their fruit is unprofitable, not ripe to eat. Wifd. iv. 5.
So may’ll: thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop
Into thy mother’s lap, or be with eafe
Gather’d, not harlhly pluck’d, for death mature. Milton.
2. Refembling the ripenefs of fruit.
Thofe happieft fmiles.
That play’d on her ripe lip, feem’d not to know
What guefts were in her eyes, which parted thence,
As pearls from diamonds dropt. Shakefp.
3. Complete ; proper for ufe.
I by letters Hull direCl your courfe,
When time is ripe. Shakefp. Henry IV.
4. Advanced to the perfe&ion of any quality.
There was a pretty rednefs in his lips,
A little riper^and more lufty red
Than that mix’d in his cheeks. Shakefp.
O early ripe ! to thy abundant ftore.
What could advancing age have added more. Dryden.
5. Finilhed ; confummate.
Bealls are in fenfible capacity as ripe, even as men themfelves, perhaps more ripe. Hooker, b. i. f. 6.
6. Brought to the point of taking effeCt; fully matured.
He thence lhall come.
When this world’s dilfolution fhall be ripe. Milton.
While things were juft ripe for a war, the cantons, their
proteClors, interpofed as umpires in the quarrel. Addifon.
7. Fully qualified by gradual improvement.
Ripe for heav’n, when fate ^Tneas calls,
Then lhalt thou bear him up, fublime, to me. Dryden.
To Ripe. v.n. [from the adj.] To ripen ; togrowripe; to
be matured.
From hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot. Shakefp.
Slubber not bufinefs for my fake, Baflanio ;
But ftay the very riping of the time. Shakefp.
Though no ftone tell thee what I was, yet thou.
In my grave’s infide, fee what thou art now;
Yet tho’rt not yet fo good, till us death lay
To 1 ipe and mellow there, w’ are ftubborn clay. Donne.
To Ripe. v. a. To mature ; to make ripe.
He is retir’d, to ripe his growing fortunes.
To Scotland. Shakefp.
Ri'pely. adv. [from ripe.] Maturely; at the fit time.
It fits us therefore ripely ;
Our chariots and our horfemen be in readinefs. Shakefp.
To Ri'pen. v.n. [from ripe.] To grow ripe.
This is the ftateqf man ; to-day he puts forth
The tender leaves of hopes, to- morrow blofioms.
And bears his blulhing honours thick upon him ;
The third day comes a froft, a killing froft ;
. And when he thinks, good eafy man, full furely
His greatnefs is a ripening, nips his root;
And then he falls as I do. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Afore the four grape is ripening in the flower. If. xviii. 5.
The pricking of a fruit, before it ripeneth, ripens the fruit
more luddenly. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Trees, that ripen lateft, bloftom fooneft; as peaches and
cornelians; and it is a work of providence that they bloftom
fo foon ; for otherwife they could not have the fun long enough
to ripen. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear.
And ftrangers to the fun yet ripen here. Granville.
To Ri'pen. v. a. To mature; to make ripe.
My father was no traitor ;
And that I’ll prove on better men than Somerfet,
Were growing time once ripen'd to my will. Shakefp.
When to ripen'dmanhood he lhall grow.
The greedy failor fhall the feas forego. Dryden.
That I fettled
\ our father in his throne, was for your fake,
I left th’ acknowledgment for time to ripen. Dryden.
The genial fun
Has daily, fince his courle begun,
Rejoiced the metal to refine,
And ripen'd the Peruvian mine. Addifon.
Be this the caufe of more than mortal hate,
The reft fucceeding times fhall ripen into fate. Pope.
Here elements have loft their ufes ;
Air ripens not, nor earth produces. Swift.
Refore the ripen'd field the reapers ftand. Thonfon.
Ri'p eness. n.f. [from ripe.~\
1. The ftate of being ripe ; maturity.
I hey have compared it to the ripenefs of fruits. Wifeman.
Little matter is depofited in the abfeefs, before it arrives
towards its ripenefs. Sharp's Surgery.
2. Full growth.
1 ime, which made them their fame out-live.
To Cowley fcarce did ripenefs give. Denham.
3. Perfe&ion ; completion.
7 o this purpofe were thofe harmonious tunes of pfalms
devifed for us, that they, which are either in years but young,
or touching perfection of virtue as yet not grown to ripenejs,
might, when they think they ling, learn. Hooker.
This royal infant promifes
Upon this land a thoufand thoufand bleflings,
Which time fhall bring to ripenefs. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
I to manhood am arriv’d fo near.
And inward ripenefs doth much lefs appear,
That fome more timely happy fpirits indu’th. Milton.
4. Fitnefs ; qualification.
Men muft endure
Their going hence, ev’n as their coming hither :
Ripenefs is all. Shakefp King Lear.
RVpper. n.f [from rip.] One who rips; one who tears; one
who lacerates.
To Ri'pple. v. n. To fret on the furface, as water fwifty run¬
ning.
RVptowell. n.f A gratuity, or reward given to tenants,
after they had reaped their lord’s corn. Bailey.
To RISE. v. n. pret. rofe; part, rifen. [piy^n, Saxon ; reifen,
Dutch.]
1. To change a jacent or recumbent, to an ereeft pofture.
I have feen her rife from her bed, and throw her night¬
gown upon her. Shakefp. Macbeth.
2. To get up from reft.
Never a wife leads a better life than fhe does; do what
fhe will; go to bed when fhe lift ; rife when fhe lift. Shakefp.
As wild afles in the defert, go they forth to their work,
rifng betimes for a prey. fob xxiv. 5.
That is to live,
To reft fecure, and not rife up to grieve. Daniel's Civ. War.
Thy manfion wants thee, Adam, rife. Milton.
3. To get up from a fall.
True in our fall,
Falfe in our promis’d rifng. Milton's Par. Lof, b. ix.
4. Tofpring; to grow up.
They imagine
For one forbidden tree a multitude.
Now ris’n to work them farther woe. Milton*
5. To gain elevation of rank or fortune.
Some rife by fin, and fome by virtue fall. Shakefpeare.
If they rife not with their fervice, they will make their
fervice fall with them. Bacon.
To rife i’ th’ world.
No wife man that’s honeft' fhould expeeft. Otway.
Thofe, that have been railed by fome great minifter, trample
upon the fteps by which they rife, to rival him. South.
6. To fwell.
If the bright fpot ftay in his place, it is a rifng of the
burning. Lev. xiii. 21.
7. To afeend ; to move upwards.
The fap in old trees is not fo frank as to rife all to the
boughs, but tireth by the way, and putteth out mofs. Bacon.
If two plane polifh’d plates of a polifh’d looking-glafs be
laid together, fo that their fides be parallel, and at a very
fmall diftance from one another, and then their lower edges
be dipped into water,the water will rife up between them. New.
8. To break out from below the horizon, as the fun.
He maketh the fun to rife on the evil and the good. Matt. v.
The fun rofe upon him. Gen. xxxii. 3r.
He arfirmeth, that Tunny is fat upon the rifng of the
Pleiades, and departs upon Arcturus. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Whether the fun
Rife on the earth, or earth rife on the fun. Milton.
9. To take beginning; to come into exiftcnce, or notice.
10. To begin to aeft.
High winds began to rife. Milton.
With Vulcan’s rage the rifng winds confpire.
And near our palace rolls the flood of fire. Dryden.
11. To appear in view.
The poet muft lay out all his ftrength, that his words may
be glowing, and that every thing he describes may immediately
prefent itfelf, and rife up to the reader's view. Addifon.
12. 'I'o change a ftation ; to quit a liege.
Fie, rifng with fmall honour from Gunza, and tearing
the power of the chriftians, was gone. Knol.es.
13. To be excited ; to be produced.
Indeed you thank’d me; but a nobler gratitude
Rofe in her foul; for from that hour the lov’d me. Otway:
A thought rofe in me, which often perplexes men of con¬
templative natures. SpMator, N°. 565.
4 H- To
R I S
14. To break into military commotions ; to make infurre&ions.
At our heels all hell fhould rife,
With blackeft infurre&ion. Milton.
Numidia’s fpacious kingdom lies
Ready to rife at its young prince’s call. Addifon s Cato.
No more fhall nation againft nation rife.
Nor ardent warriors meet with hateful eyes. Pope.
15. To be rouled ; to be excited to adtion.
Who will rife up for me againft evil-doers ? or who will
ftand up for me againft the workers of iniquity ? Pf xciv.
Gather together, come againft, and rife up to the battle. Jer.
He fliall rife up at the voice of the bird, and all the
daughters of muftek fliall be brought low. Eal xii a
16. To make hoftile attack. 4’
If any man hate his neighbour, lie in wait, and rife up
againft him, and finite him mortally, and fleeth into one of
thek cities, the elders ol his city fhall fetch him thence. Dent.
17. 1 o grow more or greater in any refpedt.
A hideous gabble rifes loud
Among the builders. Milton.
7 he great duke rifes on them in his demands, and will
not be fatisfied with lefs than a hundred thoufand crowns, and
a folemn embaffy to beg pardon. Addfon’s Remarks on Italy.
Io. 1 o increafe in price.
. Bullion is rijen to iix flaillings and five pence the ounce;
/. <?. that an ounce of uncoined filver will exchange for an
ounce and a quarter of coined filver. c Locke.
19. To be improved.
^om./uc^.an unta‘nted couple, we can hope to have our
family rife to its ancient fplendour of face, air, countenance,
aniftaPe- Taller, Ny 75.
20. To elevate the ftile.
Your author always will the beft advife,
Fall when he falls, and when he rifes, rije. Rofcommon.
21. To be revived from death.
After I am rijen again, I will go before you. Mat. xxvi.
The ftars of morn fhall fee him rife
Out of his grave. Mhon^
22. 1 o come by chance.
As they ’gan his library to view*
And antique regifterS for to avife,
There chanced to the prince’s hand to rife
An ancient book. Fairy Queen, b. ii.
23. 1 o be elevated in fituation.
He bar’d an ancient oak of all her boughs ;
Then on a rifing ground the trunk he plac’d.
Which with the fpoils of his dead foe he grac’d. Dryden.
A houfe we faw upon a rifing. Addifon.
Afh, on banks or rifing grounds near rivers, will thrive
exceedingly. Mortimer’’s Hufbandry.
Rjse. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The a<ft of rifing.
2. The aeft of mounting from the ground.
In leaping with weights, the arms are firft caft backwards
and then forwards, with fo much the greater force; for the
hands go backward before they take their rife. ’ Bacon.
3. Eruption ; alcent.
Upon the candle’s going out, there is a fudden rife of water; for the flame filling no more place, the air and water
fucceed* .. Bacon.
The hill fubmits itfelf
In fmall defeents, which do its height beguile ;
And fometimes mounts, but fo as billows play,
Whofe rife not hinders, but makes fhort our way. Dryden.
4. Place that favours the a£t of mounting aloft.
Rais’d fo high, from that convenient rife
She took her flight, and quickly reach’d the fkies. Creech.
Since the arguments againft them rife from common re¬
ceived opinions, it happens, in controverfial difeourfes, as it
does in the afl'aulting of towns, where, if the ground be but
firm, whereon the batteries are erected, there is no farther
inquiry of whom it is borrowed, fo it affords but a fit rife for
PrefefrrP°fe' Lode.
5. Elevated place.
Such a rife, as doth at once invite
A pleafure, and a reverence from the fight. Denham.
6. Appearance of the fun in the Eaft.
Phoebus ! ftay ;
The world to which you fly fo faft,
From us to them can pay your hafte
With no fuch objedt, and falute your rife
With no fuch wonder, as De Mornay’s eyes. TFaller.
7. Encreafe in any refpedt.
8. Encreafe of price.
Upon a breach with Spain, muft be confidered the prefent
ftate of the king’s treafure, the rife or fall that may happen
in his conftant revenue by a Spanifh war. Temple.
The bifhops have had fhare in the gradual rife oflands. Siv.
9. Beginning; original.
It has its rife from the lazy admonitions of thofe who give
rules, and propofe examples, without joining practice with
their inftructions. Locke on Education.
R I V
His reputation quickly peopled it, and gave rife to the republick, which calls itfelf after his name. Addifon
10. Elevation; encreafe of found. J
In the ordinary rifes and falls of the voice, there fall out to
be two beemolls between the unifon and the diapafon. Bacon.
Ri'ser. n.f. [from rife.] One that rifes.
The ifle JExa, where the palace ftands
Of th’ early rifer, with the rofy hands,
A£Iive Aurora ; where file loves to dance. Chapman,
Risibility. n.f. [from riftble.~\ The quality of laughing.
How comes lownefs of ftile to be fo much the propriety of
fatyr, that without it a poet can be no more a latyrift, than
without rifibility he can be a man. Dryden.
Whatever the philofophers may talk of their rifibility,\
d iforr!}*t? *S a. mor.e no^Je exPre^on ^ian laughing. Arbuth,
RISIBLE. e,dj. [rifible, Fr. rifibilis, Lat.J
1. Having the faculty or power of laughing.
We are in a merry world, laughing is our bufinefs; as if
becaufe it has been made the definition of man, that he is
rtJ~[f> manhood conlifted in nothing elfe. Gov. ofTongue.
2. Ridiculous ; exciting laughter.
chance of hai^T’ ^ ^ Spanift-J Hazard ; danger ;
Some iun the rijk of an abfolute ruin for the gaining of a
prew>! PP y‘ r 1 1 , L’EJi,range’s Fables.
When an infolent defpifer of difeipline, nurtured into con¬
tempt of al order by a long rifk of licence, fhall appear be¬
fore a church governor, feverity and refolution are that p-overnors virtues. o„„./»
t> 11 • , ooutb s bermons.
By a lowing himfelf in what is innocent, he would run the
njk of being betrayed into what is not fo. Atterbury.
An innocent man ought not to run an equal rifk with a
guilty one. r/ ,r
To Risk. v. a. [rfquer, Fr.] To hazard ; to put to chance^
to endanger. *
Who would hope new fame to raife,
Or rifk his well eftablifhed praife,
That, his high genius to approve,
Had drawn a George or carv’d a Jove. Addifon
Risker. n.f. [from rifk.] He who rifks.
He thither came, t obferve and fmoak
What courfes other rifkers took. Sutler
Riss. the obfolete preterite of rife.
Rifs not the confular men and left their places
p So foon as thou fat’ft down; and fled thy fide. Beni. Johnf.
n\ / Id^Br. ntus, Lat.J Solemn adt of religion 5
external obfervance. 6 *
The ceremonies, we have taken from fuch as were before
us, are not things that belong to this or that fed, but thev
are the ancient rites and cuftoms of the church. Hooker
It is by God confecrated into a facrament, a holy rite a
means of conveying to the worthy receiver the benefits of the
body and blood of Chrill. Hem,nonets Fundamentals.
When the prince her fun’ral rites had paid,
^ He plow’d the Tyrrhene feas. Dryden,
Ritual, adj. [ntuel, Fr.] Solemnly ceremonious ; done ac¬
cording to fome religious inftitution.
Inftant I bade the priefts prepare
The ritual facrifice, and folemn pray’r. Prior.
If to tradition were added, certain conftant ritual and em¬
blematical observances, as the emblems were expreflive the
memory of the thing recorded would remain. Forbes
1 tual. n.f. [from the adj.] A book in which the rites and
oblervances of religion are fet down.
An heathen ritual could not inftrudl a man better than thefe
feyeral pieces of antiquity in the particular ceremonies, that
attended different facnfices. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy
r/TAT'- Rl 7 °ne fcilled in the / AGE. n.f. [French ] A bank ; a coaft. Not in ufe.
Think
You ftand upon the rivage, and behold
A city on th inconftant billows dancing •
mval/ITKlT] ° v-
*• thc fame thins which
Oh love ! thou fternly doft thy pow’r maintain.
And wilt not bear a rival in thy reign ;
Tyrants and thou all fellowlhip difdain. Drvd
2. A competitour in love. y n%
She faw her father was grown her adverff 1
her fortune fuch as fhe muft favour her rTal P ^ a?d/et
France and Burgundy, Sidney.
Gi cat rivals in our younger daughter’s love
Your rival’s image in your worth I view •
And what I lov’d in him ; *
Ri'val. adj. Standing in r ^.m you’ Granville.
claim; emulous. S ompetition ; making the fame
'T' 1 u ^ad ^ dle means
I ft!old \ h ^^ace °ne of them,
e 01 Lunate. Shakejp. Merchant ofVenice.
Equal
J
Shakejp.
Dryden.
Drydcn.
R 1 V
Equal in years, and rival in renown
With Epaphus, the youthful Phaeton,
Like honour claims.
You bark to be employ
While Venus is by rival dogs enjoy d.
To Ri'val. -y. <?. [from the noun.]
I.To ftand in competition with another ; to oppofe.
Thofe that have been raifed by the intereft of fome great
minifter,’trample upon the fteps by which they rife, to rival
him in his greatnefs, and at length ftep into his place. South.
51. To emulate ; to endeavour to equal or excel.
Ambitious fool ! with horny hoofs to pafs
O’er hollow arches of refounding brafs ;
To rival thunder in its rapid courfe,
And imitate inimitable force. Dryden's JEneis.
To Ri'val. v. n. To be competitours. Out of ufe.
Burgundy,
We firft addrefs’d tow’rd you, who with this king
Have rival'd for our daughter. Shakejp. King Lear.
Riva'lity. ) n.f [rivalitas, Lat. from rival.] Competition;
Ri'valry. 1 emulation.
It is the privilege of pofterity to fet matters right between
thofe antagonifts, who, by their rivalry for greatnefs, divided
a whole age. Addifon.
Ri'valship. n.f. [from rival.] The ftate or character of a
rival.
To RIVE. v. a. part, riven, [j-iyp, broken Saxon ; njyen,
Dutch ; river, Fr. to drive.] To fplit; to cleave ; to divide
by a blunt inftrument; to force in difruption.
At his haughty helmet
So hugely (truck, that it the (feel did rive,
And cleft his head. Fairy Queen, b. i.
The varlet at his plaint was grieved fore.
That his deep wounded heart in two did rive. Fa. Queen.
Through riven clouds and molten firmament.
The fierce three-forked engine making way.
Both lofty towers and higheft trees hath rent. Fa. Queen.
O Cicero !
I have feen tcmpefts, when the fcolding winds
Have riv'd the knotty oaks ; but ne’er till now
Did I go through a tempeft dropping fire. Shakefp.
As one he flood efcap’d from cruel fight.
Sore toil’d, his riven arms to havock hewn. Milton.
The neighbouring forefts, formerly fhaken and riven with
the thunder-bolts of war, did envy the fweet peace of
Druina. Howel’s Vocal Forejl.
Had I not been blind, I might have feen
Yon riven oak, the faireft of the green. Drydtn.
Let it come ;
Let the fierce light’ning blaft, the thunder rive me. Rowe.
To Rive. v. n. To be fplit; to be divided by violence.
Freeftone rives, fplits, and breaks in any diredtion. IVoodw.
To Rive, for derive or diredt.
Ten thoufand French have ta’en the facrament,
To rive their dangerous artillery
Upon no chriftian foul but Englifh Talbot. Sharefp.
To Ri vel. v. a. [5epipleo, Saxon, corrugated, rumpled.] To
contract into wringles and corrugations.
Then droop’d the fading flow’rs, their beauty fled, 1
And clos’d their fickly eyes and hung the head, >
And rivel’d up with heat, lay dying in their bed. Dryd. J
And fince that plenteous autumn now is paft,
Whofe grapes and peaches have indulg’d your tafte.
Take in good part, from our poor poet’s board,
Such riveI'd fruits as winter can afford. , Dryden.
Alum ftipticks, with contracting pow’r.
Shrink his thin effence like a rivel'd flow’r. Pope.
Ri'ven. part, of rive.
Ri'ver. n.f. \riviere, Fr. rivus, Lat.] A land current of
water bigger than a brook.
It is a"moft beautiful country, being ftored throughout with
many goodly rivers, replenifhed with all forts of fifh. Spenf.
The firft of thefe rivers has been celebrated by the Latin
poets for the gentlcnefs of its courfe, as the other for its lapiditv. ° Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
River-dragon, n.f. A crocodile. A name given by Milton
to the king of Egypt.
Thus with ten wounds
The river-dragon tam’d at length, fubmits
To let his fojourners depart. Milton s Par. Loft.
River-god. n.f Tutelary deity of a river.
His wig hung as ftrait as the hair of a river-god rifing from
the water. Arbuthnot and Pope.
River-horse, n.f. Hippopotamus.
Rofe,
As plants ambiguous between fea and land,
The river-horje andfcaly crocodile. Milton.
RFvET. n.f [river, Fr. to break the point of a thing; to
drive.] A faftening pin clenched at both ends.
The armourers accomplifhing the knights.
With bufy hammers doling rivets up,
Give dreadful note of preparation. Shakefp. Henry V.
R O A
Thy armour
I’ll frufh, and unlock the rivets all,
But I’ll be mafter of it. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffula.
Though Valeria’s fair, and though fhe loves me too,
’Gainft her my foul is arm’d on every part;
Yet there are fecret rivets to rtiy heart,
Where Berenice’s charms have found the way,
Subtile as lightnings. Dryden s Tyrannick Love.
The verie in faihion is, when numbers flow
So fmooth and equal, that no fight can find
The rivet, where the polifh’d piece was join’d. Dryden.
The rivets of thofe wings inclos’d
Fit not each other. Dryden s Don Sebajlian.
T his inftrument fhould move eafy upon the rivet. tsharp.
To Ri'vet. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To faften with rivets. '
This man
If all our fire were out, would fetch down new.
Out of the hand of Jove ; and rivet him
To Caucafus, (hould he but frown. Benj. Johnfcn.
In i ivetting, the pin you rivet in (hould ftand upright to the
plate you rivet it upon; for if it do not ftand upright, you
wiil be forced to fet it upright, after it is ilvetted. Moxon.
2. To faften ftrongly ; to make immoveable.
You were to blame to part with
A thing ftuck on with oaths upon your finger, -
And rivetted with faith unto your flelh. Shakefp.
Why fhould I write this down, that’s rivetted.
Screw’d to my mein’ry ? Shakejp. Cymleline.
What one party thought to rivet to a iettlednefs by the
ftreneth and influence of the Scots, that the other rejedls.
King Charles.
Till fortune’s fruitlefs fpite had made it known.
Her blows not (hook but rivetted his throne. Dryden.
Thus hath God not only rivetted the notion of himfelf into
our natures, but likewife made the belief of his being neceffary to the peace of our minds and happinefs of fociety. Till.
If the eye fees thole things rivetted, which are Joofe, where
will you begin to rectify the miftake. Locke.
Where we ufe words of a loole and wandering fignification, hence follows miftake and error, which thofe maxims,
brought as proofs to eftablifh propofitions, wherein the terms
ftand for undetermined ideas, do by their authority confirm
and rivet. Locee.
Rivet and nail me where I ftand, ye pow’rs. Congreve.
They provoke him to the rage
Of fangs and claws, and, (looping from your horfe.
Rivet the panting favage to the ground. Adelijon’s Cato.
A fimilitude of nature and manners, in fuch a degree as
we are capable of, muft tie the holy knot, and rivet the
fiiendfhip between us. Atterbury.
REvulet. n.f [rivulus, Lat.] A fmall river; a brook ; a
ftreamlet.
By fountain or by (hady rivulet,
He lought them. Milton.
The veins, where innumerable little rivulets have their
confluence into the common channel of the blood. Bentley.
I law the rivulet of Salforata, formerly called Albula, and
fmelt the flench that ariles from its water, which Martial
mentions. Addijcn's Remarks on Italy.
RixdoTlar. n.f. A German coin, worth about four (hil¬
lings and fix-pence fterling. Diet.
Roach, n.f. [from rutilus, Lat. redhaired.]
A / oach is a fifti of no great reputation for his dainty tafte :
his fpawn is accounted much better than any other part of
him : he is accounted the water (heep, for his limplicity and
foolilhnefs ; and it is noted, that roaches recover ftrength, and
grow in a fortnight after (pawning. Walton's Angler.
If a gudgeon meet a roach.
He dare not venture to approach ;
Yet ftill he leaps at flies. Swift.
Road, n.f [rade, Fr.]
1. Large way ; path.
Would you not think him a madman, who, whilft he
might eafily ride on the beaten road way, (hould trouble himleli with breaking up of gaps ? Suckling.
To God’s eternal houle direct the way,
A broad and ample road. Milton.
To be indifferent whether we embrace falfehood or truth,
is the great road to error. Locke.
Could ftupid atoms, with impetuous fpeed.
By dift’rent toads and adverfe ways proceed,
T hat here they might rencounter, here unite. Bnukmore.
There is but one road by which to climb up. Addijon.
2. [Rade, Fr.J Ground where (hips may anchor.
I (hould be ftill
rccrino- in maps lor ports and roads;
And every objccT that might make me fear
Misfortune to my ventures. Shakefp. Mercb. of Venice.
About the iiland are many reads, but only one harbour.
Sandys's ‘Journey.
3.Inrode;
R O A ROB
Inrode; incurfion.
The Volfcians Rand
Rcadv, when timeun fhall prompt them, to malce vocal
Upon’s again. . Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Cai'on was defirous of the fpoil, for that he was, by the
former road into that country, become famous and rich.
Knolles’s Hijlcry of the Turks.
The king of Scotland, feeing none came into Perkin,
turned his cnterprize into a road, and wafted Northumber¬
land with fire and fvvord. _ _ Bacon s Henry VII.
4. Journey. The word feerns, in this fenfe at leaft, to be de¬
rived from rode, the preterite of ride: as we fay, a Jhort ride >
an cafy ride.
With eafy roads he came to Leicefter,
And lodg’d in the abbey. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
He from the Eaft his flaming road begins. Milton.
To ROAM. v. n. [romigare, Italian. See Room.] To wan¬
der without any certain purpofe ; to ramble ; to rove ; to play
the vagrant.
Five lummers have I fpent in fartheft Greece,
Roaming clean through the bounds of Afia. Shakefp.
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood. Shakefp.
The lonely fox roams far abroad.
On fecret rapin bent, and midnight fraud. Prior.
What were unenlighten’d man,
A favage roaming through the woods, and wild
In quell of prey. Thomfon's Summer.
To Roam. v. a. To range ; to wander over.
Now fowls in their clay nefts were couch’d,
And now wild beafts came forth the woods to roam.
Milton.
A rover; a rambler; a wanSwift's Mifcdlanies.
SpenfeY,
Shakefp.
Shakefp.
Roa'mer. n.f. [from roam.']
derer.
Roan. adj. [rouen, Fr.]
Roan horfe is a horfe of a bay, forrel, or black colour,
with grey or white fpots interfperfed very thick. Farr. Did.
To Roar. v. n. [papan, Saxon.]
1. To cry as a lion or other wild beaft.
Roaring bulls he would him make to tame.
Warwick and Montague,
That in their chains fetter’d the kingly lion.
And made the foreft tremble when they roar'd.
Have I not in my time heard lions roar ?
The young lions roared upon him and yelled. Jer. ii.
The death of Daphnis woods and hills deplore, T
They call the found to Libya’s defart fhore ; >
The Libyan lions hear, and hearing roar. Drydcn. 3
2. To cry in diftrefs.
At his nurfe’s tears
He whin’d and roar'd away your victory,
That pages blulh’d at him. Shakefp. Coriolanus:
Sole on the barren fands the fuff’ring chief
Roar'd out for anguilh, and indulg’d his grief. Dryden.
3. To found as the wind or fea.
South, Eaft, and Weft, with mix’d confufion roar,
And rowl the foaming billows to the fliore. Dryden.
Loud as the wolves on Orcas’ ftormy fteep,
Howl to the roaring of the northern deep. Pope.
4. To make a loud noiie.
The brazen throat of war had ceas’d to roar. Milton.
Confider what fatigues I’ve known,
How oft I crofs’d where carts and coaches roar'd. Gay.
Roar. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The cry of the lion or other beaft.
An outcry of diftreis.
A clamour of merriment.
Where be your gibes now ? your gambols ? your fongs ?
your flafhes of merriment, that were wont to fet the table
in a roar ? Shakefp. Hamlet.
The found of the wind or fea.
Any loud noife.
Deep throated engines belch’d, whofe roar
Imbowel’d with outrageous noife the air. Milton.
Oft on g. plat of riling ground,
I hear the far-off curfew found,
Over fome wide-water’d fhoar,
Swinging flow with fullen roar. Milton.
When cannons did diffufe,
Preventing pofts, the terror, and the news ;
Our neighbour princes trembled at their roar. Waller.
The waters, lift’ning to the trumpet’s roar.
Obey the fummons, and forfake the fhore. Dryden.
Roa'ry. adj. [better rory; roves, Lat,] Dewy.
On Lebanon his foot he fet.
And fhook his wings with roary May dews wet. Fairfax.
To Roast, v. a. [rojlir, rotir, Fr. rofen, German; jepopto^,
Saxon, roafted ; from rajlrum, Lat a grate ; to roajl, being,
in its original fenfe, to broil on a gridiron.]
I. To drefs meat, by turning it round before the fire.
He roajleth not that which he took in hunting. D. of Piety.
Roajling and boiling are below the dignity of your office.
Swift's Directions to the Cook.
2.
3-
4-
5-
2. To impart dry heat to flefh.
Here elements have loft their ufes.
Air ripens not, nor earth produces ;
Fire will not roajl, nor water boil.
3. To drefs at the fire without water.
In eggs boiled and roajlcd, there is fcarce difference to be
difeerned. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
4. To heat any thing violently.
Roajlcd in wrath and fire,
He thus o’erfized with coagulate gore,
Old Priam feeks. Shakejpcarc.
Roast, for roajled:
He loft his roajl beef ftomach, not being able to touch a
firloin. AddJon's Spedator, N° 517.
And if Dan Congreve judges right,
Roajl beef and ale make Britons fight. Prior.
It warns the cook-maid, not to burn
The roajl meat, which it cannot turn. Swift’s Mifcel.
To rule the Roast. To govern; to manage ; to prefide. It
was perhaps originally roijl, which fignified a tumult, to
direct the populace.
The new-made duke, thaK. rules the roajl. Shakefp.
Where champions ruletb the rojl,
There dailie diforder is moft. TuJJer's Hujhandry.
Alma flap-dafh, is all again
In ev’ry finew, nerve, and vein ;
Runs here and there, like Hamlet’s ghoft,
While every where fire rules the roajl. Prior.
Rob. n.f. f I believe Arabick.] Infpiifated juices.
The infufion, being evaporated to a thicker confidence,
paffeth into a jelly, rob, .extract, which contain all the virtues
of the infufion. A buthnot on Aliments.
To ROB. v. a. [rober, old Fr. robbare, Italian,]
1. To deprive of any thing by unlawful fo*ce, or by fecret
theft; to plunder. To be robbed, according to the prefent
ufe of the word, is to be injured by theft fecret or violent;
to rob, is to take away by unlawful violence ; and toJleal, is
to take away privately.
Is’t not enough to break into my garden.
And, like a thief, to come to rob my grounds.
But thou wilt brave me with thefe fawey terms ? Shakefp.
Our fins being ripe, there was no preventing of God’s
juftice from reaping that glory in our calamities, which we
robbed him of in our profperity. King Charles.
I have not here defigned to rob him of any part of that
commendation, which he has fo juftly acquired from the
whole author, whofe fragments only fall to my portion. Dry.
The water nymphs lament their empty urns,
Boeotia, robb'd of filver Dirce, mourns. Addifon.
2. To fet free ; to deprive of fomething bad. Ironical.
Our houfe is hell, and thou, a merry devil,
Did’ft rob it of fome tafte of tedioufnefs. Shakerp.
3. To take away unlawfully.
Better be difdained of all, than fafhion a carriage to rob
love from any. Shakefp.
Procure, that the nourilhment may not be robbed and
drawn away. Bacon's Natural HiJlory,
Nor will I take from any man his due j
But thus affuming all, he robs from you. Dryden.
Oh double facrilege on things divine.
To rob the relick, and deface the fhrine ! _ Dryden.
Ro'bber. n.f [from rob.] A thief; one that robs by force,
or fteals by fecret means ; a plunderer.
Thefe hairs, which thou doft ravifh from my chin.
Will quicken and accufe thee ; I’m your hoft;
With robbers hands, my hofpitable favour
You fhould not ruffle thus. Shakefp. King Lear.
Barabbas was a robber. St. John.
Had’ft thou not committed
Notorious murder on thole thirty men
At Afcalon ; then, like a robber, ftrip’d’ft them
Of their robes. Milton's Agonijles.
The robber muft run, ride, and ufe all the defperate ways
of efcape ; and probably, after all, his fin betrays him to the
goal, and from thence advances him to the gibbet. South.
Bold Prometheus did afpire.
And ftole from heav’n the feeds of fire ;
A train of ills, a ghaftly crew.
The robber’s blazing track purfue. Dtyden's Horace.
Rc/bbery. n. f. [roberie, old Fr. from rob.] Theft perpe¬
trated by force or with privacy.
Thieves for their robbery have authority.
When judges fteal themfelves. Shakefp. Meaf. for Meaf.
A ftorm or robbery J *
Shook down my mellow hangings. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
I hate robbery for burnt-offering. Ifaiah lxi 8*
Some more effectual way might be found, for ftippreffln*
Temple,
rauba, low Lat.] A
common thefts and robberies.
Robe. n. f. [tobbe, Fr. rohba, Italian
gown of ftate ; a drefs of dignity.
Thiough tatter d cloaths fmall vices do appear;
Robes and lurr d gowns hide all. Sh ikefp. King Lear.
22 A My
ROC
My Nan fhall be the queen of all fairies.
Finely attir’d in a robe of white. Shakefp.
The laft good king, whom willing Rome obey d.
Was the poor offspring of a captive maid ;
Yet he thofe robes of empire juifly bore,
Which Romulus, our facred founder, wore. Dryden.
How by the finelf art the native i obe
To weave. Thomfon’s Autumn.
To Robe. v.a. [from the noun.] To drefs pompoufly; to
What chriftian foldicr will not be touched with a religious
emulation, to fee an order of Jefus dofuch fervicefor enlarg¬
ing the chriftian borders ; and an order of St. George only to
robe and feaft, and perform rites and obfervances. Bacon.
There in long robes the royal magi ftand ;
The fage Chaldaeans rob'd in white appear’d,
And Brachmans. Popes Temple of Fame.
Robed in loofe array {he came to bathe. Thomfon.
Rc/bert. n.f. An herb. Ainf.
Robe'rsman. \n.f In the old ftatutes, a fort of bold and
Robe'rtsman. S ftout robbers or night thieves, faid to be fo
called from Robinhood, a famous robber.
Ro/bin. \n’f [rubecula, Lat.] A bird fo named
Robin-red-breast. ) from his red breaft.
Up a grove did fpring, green as in May,
When April had been moift; upon whofe bulhes
The pretty robins, nightingales, and thrufhes
Warbled their notes. Suckling.
The rcbin-red-breajl, till of late had reft.
And children facred held a martin’s neft. Pope.
Robo/reous. adj. [robur, Lat.] Made of oak. Did.
ROBU STIOUS. \adi' [robu/Ius* Lat* Fr,J
1. Strong; finewy; vigorous; forceful.
Thefe redundant locks,
Robujlious to no purpofe, cluftringdown,
Vain monument of ftrength. Milton's Agonijles.
2. Boifterous ; violent; Unwieldy.
The men fympathize with the maftiffs, in robujlious and
rough coming on. Shakefp. Henry V.
It offends me to hear a robujlious periwig-pated fellow tear
a paffion to tatters, to very rags, to fplit the ears of the
groundlings. Shakefp. Hamlet.
While I was managing this young robujlious fellow, that
old fpark, who was nothing but fkin and bone, flipt through
my.fingers. Dryden’s Don Sebajlian.
Romp-loving mifs
Is haul’d about in gallantry robujl. Thomfon’s Autumn,
3. Requiring ftrength.
The tendernels of a fprain remains a good while after, and
leaves a lafting caution in the man, not to putthe part quickly
again to any robujl employment. Locke.
4. Robujlious is now only ufed in low language, and in a fenfe
of contempt.
Robustness, n.f. [from robujl.Strength; vigour.
Beef may confer a robujlnefs on my fon’s limbs, but will
hebetate his intelle&uals. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Rocambole, n.f See Garlick.
Rocambole is a fort of wild garlick, otherwife called Spanifti
garlick ; the feed is about the bignefs of ordinary peafe. Mart.
Garlick, rocambole, and onions abound with a pungent vo¬
latile fait. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Roche-alum. n.f. [roche, Fr. a rock.] .A purer kind of
alum.
Roche-alum is alfo good. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Ro/chet. n.f. [racket, Fr. rochetum, from roccus, low Lat. a
coat]
1. A furplice ; the white upper garment of the prieft officiating.
What zealous phrenzy did the fenate feize,
That tare the ratchet to fuch rags as thefe ? Cleaveland.
2. [Rubellio, Lat.] A fffh. Ainf.
ROCK. n.f. [roc, roche, Fr. rocca, Italian.]
1. A vaft mafs of ftone.
The fplitting rocks cow’r’d in the finking fands,
And would nofdafh me with their ragged fides. Shakefp.
There be rock herbs ; but thofe are where there is fome
mould. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Diftilling fome of the tinned liquor, all that came over
was as limpid and colourlefs as rock water, and the liquour
remaining in the veflel deeply ceruleous. Boyle.
Thefe leffer rocks, or great bulky ftones, are they not manifeft fragments ? Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Of amber a nodule, invefted with a coat, called rock
amber. Woodward on Foffils.
Pigeons or doves are of feveral forts; as wood pigeons and
rock pigeons. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Ye darkfome pines, that o’er yon rocks reclin’d,
Wave high, and murmur to the hollow wind. Pope.
2. Protection ; defence. A fcriptural fenfe.
T hough the reeds of Egypt break under the hand of him
that leans on them, yet the rock of Ifracl will be an everlafting ftay. King Charles,
ROC
3.[Rock, Danifh ; rocca, Italian ; rucca, Spanifh; fpinroch,
Dutch.] A diftaff held in the hand, from which the wool
was fpun by twirling a ball below.
A learned and a manly foul
I purpos’d her; that fhould with even powers,
The rock, the fpindle, and the fheers, controul
Of deftiny, and fpin her own free hours. Benj. Johnfon.
On the rock a fcanty meafure place
Of vital flax, and turn’d the wheel apace. Dryden.
To Rock. v. a. [roequer, Fr.]
1. To fhake ; to move backwards and forwards.
If, by a quicker rocking of the engine, the fmoke were
more fwiftly Ihaken, it would, like water, vibrate to and
fro. Boyle.
The wind was laid ; the whifp’ring found
Was dumb ; a rifing earthquake rock'd the ground.
Dryden.
A living tortoife, being turned upon its back, could help
itfelf only by its neck and head, by pulhing againft the ground
to rock itfelf as in a cradle, to find out the fide towards which
the inequality of the ground might more eafily permit to roll
its {hell. Ray on the Creation.
2. To move the cradle, in order to procure fleep.
Come, take hand with me,
And rock the ground whereon thefe fleepers be. Shakefp.
Leaning her head upon my breaft.
My panting heart rock'd her afleep. Suckling.
My bloody refolutions,
Like fick and froward children.
Were rock’d afleep by realon. Denham.
While his fecret foul on Flanders preys.
He rocks the cradle of the babe of Spain. ' Dryden.
High in his hall, rock'd in a chair of ftate.
The king with his tempeftuous council fats. Dryden.
3. To lull; to quiet.
Sleep rock thy brain,
And never come mi(chance between us twain ! Shakefp.
To Rock. v. n. To be violently agitated; to reel to and
fro.
The rocking town
Supplants their footfteps; to and fro they reel
Aftonifh’d. Philips.
I like this rocking of the battlements. Young's Revenge.
Rock-doe. n.f A fpecies of deer.
The rock-doe breeds chiefly upon the Alps : a creature of
admirable fwiftnefs; and may probably be that mentioned in
the book of Job : her horns grow fometimes fo far backward,
as to reach over her buttocks. Crew's Mufceum.
Rock-ruby. n.f. A name given improperly by lapidaries and
jewellers to the garnet, when it is of a very ftrong, but not
deep red, and has a fair caft of the blue. Hill on Fojfils.
Rock-ruby is of a deep red, and the hardeft of all the kinds.
Woodward on Fojfils.
Rock-salt. n.f. Mineral fait.
Two pieces of tranlparent rock-falt; one white, the other
red. Woodward on Fojfils.
Ro'cker. n, f. [from rock.] One who rocks the cradle.
His fellow, who the narrow bed had kept.
Was weary, and without a rocker flept. Dryden.
Ro'cket. n. f. [rocchetto, Italian.] An artificial firework,
being a cylindrical cafe of paper filled with nitre, charcoal,
and fu-lphur, and which mounts in the air to a confiderable
height, and there burfts.
Every rocket ended in a conftellation, ftrowing the air with
a fhower of filver fpangles. Addifon.
When bonefires blaze, your vagrant works {hall rife
In rockets, till they reach the wond’ring ikies. Garth.
RoYket. n.f. A plant.
The flower of the rocket confifts of four leaves expanded
in form of a crofs ; the pointal becomes a pod, divided into
two cells by an intermediate partition, to which the valves
adhere on both fides : thefe cells are full of round](h feeds ;
to which may be added, the whole plant hath a peculiar fetid
fmell. * Miller.
Rocket is one of the fallet furniture. Mo< timer s Hujbandry:
Ro'ckless. adj. [from rock.] Being without rocks.
A cryftal brook
Is weedlefs all above, and rocklcfs all below. Dryden.
Ro'ckrose. n.f. [rock and rofe.] A plant.
RoYkwork. n.f. [rock and work.] Stones fixed in mortar,
in imitation of the afperities of rocks.
The garden is fenced on the lower end, by a natural
mound of rockwork. Addifon.
Ro'cky. adj. [fxomrock.]
I. Full of rocks.
Val de Compare prefenteth her rocky mountains. Sandys.
Make the bold prince
Through the cold North and rocky regions run. Waiter.
T he vallies he reftrains
With rocky mountains. Dryden.
Nature lodges her treafures in rocky ground. Locke.
‘7 1,
2. R^femblim
ROG
2. Refembling a rock.
Such definition to withftand, he oppos’d the rocky orb
Of tenfold adamant, his ample Ihield. Milton.
3. Hard ; fiony; obdurate.
I,like a poor bark, of fails and tackling reft,
Rufh all to pieces on thy rocky bofom. Shakefp. Rich. Ill,
Rod. n.f. [roedif Dutch.]
1. A long twig.
Some chufc a hazel rod of the fame year’s fhoot, and this
they bind on to another ftraight flick of any wood, and walk¬
ing foftly over thofe places, where they lulpet the bowels of
the earth to be enriched with metals, the wand will, by bow¬
ing towards it, difeover it. Boyle.
2. A kind of feepter.
Sh’ had all the royal makings of a queen;
As holy oil, Edward confefior’s crown.
The rod and bird of peace. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
3. Any thing long and flender.
The paft’ral reed of Hermes, or his opiate rod. Milton.
Let the fifherman
Increafe his tackle, and bixsrod retie. Gay.
Hafte, ye Cyclops, with your forked rods,
This rebel love braves all the gods.
And every hour by love is made,
Some heaven-defying Encelade. Granville.
4. An infirument for meafurino;.
Decempeda was a meafuring rod for taking the dimenfions
of buildings, and fignified the fame thing as pertica, taken as
a meafure of length. Arbulhnot on Coins.
5. An infirument of correction, made of twigs tied together.
If he be but once fo taken idly roguing, he may punifh him
with flocks ; but if he be found again fo loitering, he may
fcourge him with whips-or rods. Spenjer on Ireland.
I am whipt and icourg’d with rods,
Nettled, and flung with pifmires, when I hear
Of Bolingbroke. Shakefp. Henry IV.
In this condition the rod of God hath a voice to be heard,
and he, whofe office it is, ought now to expound to the fick
man the particular meaning of the voice. Hammond.
Grant me and my people the benefit of thy chaftifements ;
that thy rod, as well as thy ftafF, may comfort us. K. Charles.
They trembling learn to throw the fatal dart.
And under rods of rough centurions fmart. Dryden,
As foon as that fentence is executed, thefe rods, thefe inflrurnents of divine difpleafure, are thrown into the fire. Att.
A wit’s a feather, and a chief a rod;
An honeft man’s the noblefl work of God, Pope0
Rode. pret. of ride.
He in paternal glory rode. Milton.
Rodomonta'de. n.f [from a boafiful boifierous hero of
Arioflo, called Rodomonte; rodomontade, Fr.] An empty noify
blufler or boafi ; a rant.
He only ferves to be fport for his company; for in thefe
gamefome days men will give him hints, which may put him
upon his rodomontades. Goveminent of the Tongue.
The libertines of painting have no other model but a rodo¬
montade genius, and very irregular, which violently hurries
them away. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
He talks extravagantly in his paffion, but if I would quote
a hundred paflages in Ben Johnfon’s Cethegus, I could fhew
that the rodomontades of Almanzor are neither fo irrational
nor impoffible, for Cethegus threatens to deftroy nature. Dry.
To Rodomonta'de. v. n. [from the noun.] To brag thrafonically ; to boafi like Rodomonte.
Roe. n.f [pa, pa-beop, Saxon.]
' I. A fpecies of deer,.
He would him make
The roe bucks in flight to overtake. Fairy Queen.
They were as fwift as the roes upon the mountains. 1 Chr.
Procure me a Troglodyte footman, who can catch a roe at
his full fpeed ? Arbuthnot and Pope.
2. The female of the hart.
Thy greyhounds are fleeter than the roe. Shakefp.
Run like a roe or hart upon
The lofty hills of Bitheron. Sandys’s Paraphrafe.
Roe. n.f. [properly roan or rone ; rann, Danifh : rogen, Ger¬
man.] The eggs of filh.
Here comes Romeo
Without his roe, like a dried herring. Shakefp.
RogaTton. n.f. [rogation, Fr. from rogo, Lat.] Litany j
fupplication.
He perfeCleth the rogations or litanies before in ufe* and addeth unto them that which the prefent neceflity required. Hook.
Supplications, with this folemnity for appealing of God’s
wrath, were of the Greek church termed litanies, and ro¬
gations of .the Latin. Taylor.
Rocation-week. n.f. The week immediately preceeding
Whitfunday ; thus called from three falls obferved therein,
the Monday, Tuefday, and Wednefday, called rogation
days, becaufe of the extraordinary prayers and procelfions
then made for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for
the devotion of holy Thurfday. Did.
R Q I
ROGUE, n.f. [of uncertain etymology.]
I.A wandering beggar ; a vagrant; a vagabond.
For fear left we, like rogues, fhould be reputed,
And for ear-marked beafts abroad be bruited. Hubberd.
The IherifF and the marlhal may do the more good, and
more terrify the idle rogue. Spenfcr on Ireland.
The feum of people and wicked condemned men fpoileth
the plantation; for they will ever live like rogues, and not
fall to work, but be lazy and do mifehief. Bacon’s EJfays.
The troops are all fcattered, and the commanders very
poor rogues. Shakefp. All’s wellthat ends well,
1.A knave ; a dilhoneft fellow ; a villain ; a thief.
Thou kill’ll me like a rogue and a villain. Shakefp.
A rogue upon the highway«may have as firong an arm, and
take off a man’s head as cleverly as the executioner ; but
then there is a vaft difparity, when one action is murther,
and the otherjuftice. South,
If he call rogue and rafeal from the garret.
He means you no more mifehief than a parrot. Dryden.
The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wife.
And ev’n the bell, by fits, what they defpife. Pope.
3. A name of flight tendernefs and endearment.
Oh, what a rogue and pleafant Have am I! Shakefp.
I never knew a woman love man fo.
—Alas, poor rogue, I think indeed Ihe loves. Shakefp:
4. A wag.
To Rogue, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To wander ; to play the vagabond.
If he be but once lo taken idly roguing, he may punilh him
with the flocks. Spenjer on Ireland.
He rogued away at laft, and was loft. Carew.
2. To play knavilh tricks.
Ro'guery. n. f [from rogue.J
1. The life of a vagabond.
To live in one land is captivity,
To run all countries a wild roguery. Donne.
2. Knavilh tricks.
They will afterwards hardly be drawn to their wonted
lewd life in thievery and roguery. Spenfer on Ireland.
You rogue, here’s lime in this fack too ; there is nothing
but roguery to be found in villainous man. Shakejp.
Like the devil did tempt and fway ’em
To rogueries, and then betray ’em. Hudibras, p. i.
The kid fmelt out the roguery. L’Eflrange's Fables,
’Tis no fcandal grown,
For debt and roguery to quit the town, Drydeft.
The roguery of alchymy,
And we, the bubbled fools,
Spend all our prefent flock in hopes of golden rules. Swift,
3. Waggery; arch tricks.
Ro'gueship. n.f. [from rogue.] The qualities or perfonage
of a rogue.
Say, in what nafty cellar under ground.
Or what church porch* your roguefhip maybe found l Dry.
Ro'guish. adj. [from rogue.J
I. Vagrant; vagabond.
1 hough the perfons, by whom it is ufed, be of better note
than the former roguijh fort; yet the fault is no lefs worthy of
a marlhal. Spenfer.
2. Knavilh ; fraudulent.
He gets a thoufand thumps and kicks,
Yet cannot leave his roguijh tricks. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
3. Waggilh; wanton; llightly mifehievous.
The moft bewitching leer with her eyes, the moll roguif)
call; her cheeks are dimpled when Ihe (miles, and her fmiies
would tempt an hermit. Dryden’s Spanijh Fryar.
I am pleafed to fee my tenants pafs away a whole eveninoin playing their innocent tricks ; our friend Wimble is as
merry as any of them, and (hews a thoufand roguif; tricks on
thefe occafions. Addfon’s Spectator, NQ 269.
Timothy ufed to be playing roguijh tricks ; when his miftrefs’s back was turned, he would loll out his tongue. Arb.
Ro'guishly. adv. [from loguijh.] Like a rogue ; knavifhly ;
wantonly.
Ro'guishness. n. f. [from roguijh.] The qualities of a rogue.
Ro'guy. adj. [from rogue.] Knavilh ; wanton. A bad
word.
A Ihepherd’s boy had gotten a roguy trick of crying a wolf,
and fooling the country with falfe alarms. L’Eftrangei
To Roist. Iv.n. [of this word the moft probable etyTo Roi'ster. J mology is from rifler, Illandick, a violent
man.]
To behave turbulently ; to a£l at diferetion ; to be at free
quarter; to bluller.
I have a roijling challenge fent amonoft
The dull and fa£tious nobles of the Greeks
Will ftrike amazement to their drowfy fpirits. Shakefp.
Among a crew of rorf’ring fellows.
He’d fit whole ev’nings at the alehoufe. Swift.
Roister, or roijlerer. n. f [from the verb.] A turbulent,
brutal, lawlefs, bluflering fellow.
To ROLL.
ROL
T o ROLL. v. a. [router* Fr. rotten* Dutch ; from rotate, of
roto, Lat.]
1. To mbve any thing by volutation, or fucceffive application
of the different parts of the furface, to the ground.
Who (hall roll us away the Hone from the door of the fepukhre ? _ Mark xvii. 3.
2. To move any thing round upon its axis.
Heav’n Ihone and roll'd her motions. Milton.
3 To move in a circle.
To drels, and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton.
4. To produce a periodical revolution.
5. To wrap round upon itfelf.
0. To enwrap ; to involve in bandage.
By this rolling, parts are kept from joining together. JVifem.
7. To form by rolling into round makes.
Grind red-lead, or any other colour with ftrongwort, and
fo roll them up into long rolls like pencils. Peackam.
The pin ought to be as thick as a rolling pin. Wifeman.
8. To pour in a {beam or waves.
A fmall Euphrates through the piece is roll'd,
And little eagles wave their wings in gold. Pope.
To Roll. v. n.
j. To be moved by the fucceffive application of all parts of the
furface to the ground.
Our nation is too great to be ruined by any but itfelf; and
if the number and weight of it roll one way upon the greateff
changes that can happen, yet England will be fafe. Temple.
Reports, like fnow-balls, gather Hill the farther they roll.
Government of the Tongue.
Fire muH rend the fky.
And wheel on th’ earth, devouring where it rolls. Milton.
A tortoife, by pufhing againfl the ground only with its
neck and head, rocks itfelf as in a cradle, to find out the fide
towards which the inequality of the ground might more eafily
permit it to roll its Ihell. Ray on the Creation.
2. To run on wheels.
He next eflays to walk, but downward prefs’d,
On four feet imitates his brother beafi;
By How degrees he gathers from the ground
His legs, and to the rolling chair is bound. Dryden.
3. To perform a periodical revolution.
Thus the year rolls within itfelf again. Dryden.
When thirty rolling years have run their race. Dryden.
4. To move with appearance of circular direction.
Thou, light,
Revifit’H not thefe eyes, which rollin vain.
To find the piercing ray, and find no dawn. Milton•
A boar is chaf’d, his noflrils flames expire,
And his red eye-balls roll with living fire. Dryden.
5. To float in rough water.
Twice ten tempefluous nights I roll'd, refign’d
To roaring billows and the warring wind. Pope.
6. To move as waves or volumes of water.
Wave rolling after wave in torrent rapture. Milton.
Till the huge furge roll’d off, then backward fweep
The refluent tides, and plunge into the deep. Pope.
Tempt icy feas, where fcarce the waters roll. Pope.
Storms beat, and rolls the main ;
Oh beat thole fiorms, and roll the feas in vain. Pope.
7. To fluctuate ; to move tumultuoufly.
Here tell me, if thoudar’H, my confcious foul,
What diff’rent forrows did within thee roll. Prior.
The thoughts, which roll within my ravifh’d breaH,
To me, no leer, th’ infpiring gods fuggeR. Pope.
In her fad break the prince’s fortunes roll,
And hope and doubt alternate l'eize her foul. Pope.
8. 'l o revolve on its axis.
He fafhion’d thole harmonious orbs, that roll
In reftlefs gyres about the Artick pole. Sandys’s Paraph.
9.To be moved tumultuoufly.
Down they fell
By thoufands, angel on archangel roll'd. Milton.
Roll. n.f [from the verb.]
1. The adt of rolling ; the Hate of being rolled.
2. The thing rolling.
Likening fenates hang upon thy tongue.
Devolving through the maze of eloquence
A roll of "periods, lweeter than her long. Thomfon.
3. [Rouleau, Fr.] Mafs made round.
Large rolls of lat about his flioulders clung,
And from his neck the double dewlap hung. Acldifon.
To keep ants from trees, encompafs the Hein four fingers
breadth with a circle or roll of wool newly plucked. Mott.
4. Writing rolled upon itfelf.
His chamber all was hanged about with rolls
And old records, from antient times deriv’d. Fa. £hieen.
5. A round body rolled along.
Where land is clotty, and a fliower of rain comes that
foaks through, ufe a rollto break the dots. Mortimer.
6. [Rotulus, Lat.] Publick writing.
Cromwell is made maker
O’ th’ rolls and the king’s fecretary. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Darius made a decree, and fearch was made in the houfe
af the rolls, where the treafures were laid up. Ezra vi. 1,
ROM
The rolls of parliament, the entry of the petitions, anfwers, and tranfadfions in parliament are extant. Hale.
7. A regiker ; a catalogue.
Beaks only cannot difeern beauty j and let them be in the
roll of beaks, that do not honour it. Sidney.
The roll and lik of that army doth remain. Davies.
Of that kiort roll of friends writ in my heart,
There’s none, that fometimes greet us not. Donne.
Thefe figns have mark’d me extraordinary.
And all the courfes of my life do fhew.
I am not in the roll of common men. Shakefp. Henry IV.
’ I is a mathematical demonflration, that theie twrenty-four
letters admit of fo many changes in their order, and make fuch
along roll of differently ranged alphabets, not two of which are
alike; that they could not all be exhauked, though a million
millions of writers ffiould each write above a thoufand alpha¬
bets a-day, for the fpace of a million millions of years. Bentl.
8. Chronicle.
Pleafe thy pride, and fearch the herald’s roll*
Where thou fhalt find thy famous pedigree. Dryden.
Bufy angels fpread
The laHing roll, recording what we faid. Prior.
The eye of time beholds no name
So blek as thine, in all the rolls of fame. Pope.
9. Warrant. Not in ufe.
We have, with fpecial roll,
Elected him our abfence to fupply. Shakefp. Meaf.for Meaf.
10. [Role, Fr.] Partj office. Not in ufe.
In human fociety, every man has his roll and kation affigned him. L'Ejlrange.
Ro'ller. n.f [rouleau, Fr. from roll.]
1. Any thing turning on its own axis, as a heavy Hone to level
walks.
When a man tumbles a roller down a hill, the man is the
violent enforcer of the firff motion ; but when it is once
tumbling, the property of the thing itfelf continues it. Hamm.
The long flender worms, that breed between the fkin and
flefh in the ifle of Ormuz and in India, are generally twiffed
out upon kicks or rollers. Ray on the Creation.
They make the kring of the pole horizontal towards the
lathe, conveying and guiding the kring from the pole to the
Work, by throwing it over a roller. Moxon’s Mccb. E'xer.
Lady Charlotte, like a kroller.
Sits mounted on the garden roller. Swift’s Mifcellanies.
2. Bandage ; fillet.
Fakennot your roller by tying a knot, lek you hurt your
patient. JVifemail's Surgery.
Bandage being chiefly to maintain the due fituation of a
dreffing, furgeons always turn a roller with that view. Sharp.
Ro'llingpin. n.f. [rolling and pin.] A round piece of wood
tapering at each end, with which pake is moulded.
The pin Ihould be as thick as a rollingpin. Wifeman.
Rollypoolv. n.f. A fort of game, in which, when a ball
rolls into a certain place, it wins. A corruption of roll hail
into the pool.
Let us begin fome diverfion; what d’ye think of roulypouly
or a country dance ? Arbuthnot's Hi/lory of John Bull.
Ro'mage. n.f. [ramage, Fr.] A tumult; a bukle ; an active
and tumultuous fearch for any thing.
This is the main motive
Of this poff hake, and romage in the land. Shakefp.
ROMA'NCE. n.f. [roman, Fn romanza, Italian.]
1. A military fable of the middle ages; a tale of wild adven¬
tures in war and love.
What refounds
In fable or romance of Uther’s foil. Milton.
A brave romance who would exactly frame,
Firff brings his knight from fome immortal dame. Waller.
Some romances entertain the genius; and Hrengthen it by
the noble ideas which they give of things ; but they corrupt
the truth of hikory. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
2. A lie; a fi&ion. In common fpeech.
To Romance, v. n. [from the noun.] To lie ; to forge.
This is krange romancing. Pamela.
Roma'ncer. n.f [from romance.] A lier; a forger of tales.
The allufion of the daw extends to all impoffors, vain
pretenders, and romancers. L'Ejlrange.
Shall we, cries one, permit
This leud romancer, and his bantering wit. Tate's juven.
To Ro'manize. v. a. [from roman, Fr.] To latinize ; to fiii
with modes of the Roman fpeech.
He did too much romanizt our tongue, leaving the words,
he tranflated, almoff as much Latin as he found them. Dryd.
Romantick. adj. [from romance.]
1. Refembling the tales of romances ; wild.
Philofophers have maintained opinions, more abfurd than,
any of the moff fabulous poets or romantics: wiiteis. Red.
Zeal for the good of one’s country a party of men have reprelented, as chimerical and romantick. Addijon.
2. Improbable ; falfe.
3. Fanciful; full of wild feenery.
The dun umbrage, o’er the falling ffream,
Romantick hangs. dhomfon s Spring.
Romish.
ROO
^“buUs OT ieEte°smofeTeaionPoniy ferve in the Romjjh coun-
• cs Aylijje J Farergon.
f.Tmde, awkward, boiflerous, untaught girl
She was in the due mean between one ot your afiedted
courtefying pieces of formality, and your romps that have no
regard to The common rules of civility. Arbuthnot.
2. Rough rude play.
Romp loving nnfs
Is haul’d about in gallantry robuft. Thomfon.
To Romp. v. «• To P^ay tudely, noifily, and boifteroully.
In the kitchen, as in your proper element, you can laugh,
fquall, and romp in full l'ecurity. Swift's Rules to Servants.
1 A itool is the firft weapon taken up in a general romping or
fkirmilh. Swift's Rules to Servants.
Men prefume greatly on the liberties taken in romping.
Clarijfa.
RoVdeau. n.f. A kind of ancient poetry, commonly con¬
fiding of thirteen verfes ; of which eight have one rhyme and
five another : it is divided into three couplets, and at the end
of the lecond and third, the beginning of the rondeau is re¬
peated in an equivocal fenfe, if poffible. Frevoux.
Ront. n.f. An animal dinted in the growth.
My ragged routs all fhiver and fhake.
As done high towers in an earthquake ;
They wont in the wind, wag their wriggle tails,
Reark as a peacock, but nought it avails. Spenfer.
Ro'ndles. n.f. [from round.] A round mafs.
Certain rondles given in arms, have their names according
to their feveral colours. Peacham on Blazoning.
Ro'nion. n.f. [I know not the etymology, nor certainly the
meaning of this word.] A fat bulky woman.
Give me, quoth I,
Aroint the witch ! the rump fed ronyon cries. Shakefp.
Rood. n.f. [from rod.]
1. The fourth part of an acre in fquare meafure.
I’ve often wifli’d that I had clear.
For life, fix hundred pounds a year,
A terras-walk, and half a rood
Of land, fet out to plant a wood. Sivift.
2. A pole ; a meafure of fixteen feet and a half in long mea¬
fure.
Satan,
With head uplift ’bove the wave, his other parts
Prone on the flood, extended long and large.
Lay floating many a rood. Milton.
For done fences in the North, they dig the dones for
eighteen-pence a rood, and make the walls for the fame price,
reckoning twenty-one foot to the rood or pole. Mortimer.
3. [pose, Saxon.] The crofs.
By the holy rood,
I do not like thefe feveral councils. Shakefp.
ROOF. n.f. [hpop, Saxon.]
j. 1 he cover of a houfe.
Her flioulders be like two white doves.
Perching within fquare royal rooves. Sidney.
Return to her, and fifty men difmifs’d ?
No, rather I abjure all roofs, and chule
To wage againd the enmity o’ th’ air. Shakefp. K. Lear.
2. The vault; the infide of the arch that covers a building.
From the magnanimity of the Jews, in caules of molt ex¬
treme hazard, thofe drange and unwonted refolutions have
grown, which, for all circumdances, no people under the
roof of heaven did ever match. Hooker.
The dud
Should have afeended to the roof of heav’n,
Rais’d by your populous troops. Shakefp. Ant. and Cieop.
In thy fane, the duft'y lpoils among,
High on the burnifh’d roof my banner (hall be hung.
Dryden.
3. The palate ; the upper part of the mouth.
Swearing till my very roof was dry
With oaths of love. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
My very lips might freeze to my teeth, my tongue to the
roof of my mouth, ere I fhould come by a fire to thaw me.
Shakefp. Faming of the Shrew.
The nobles held their peace, and their tongue cleaved to
the roof of their mouth. Job xxix. 10.
Some fifties have rows of teeth in the roofs of their mouths ;
as pikes, falmons, and trouts. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
To Roof.’ v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover with a roof.
He enter’d foon the (hade
High rooft, and walks beneath, and alleys brown. Milton.
Large foundations may be fafely laid ;
Or houies roof'd, if friendly planets aid. Creech.
I have not feen the remains of any Roman buildings, that
have not been roofed with vaults or arches. Addijon.
2. To inclofe in a houfe.
Here had we now our country s honour roof d.
Were the grac’d perfon of our JJanquo prefent. Shakefp.
ROO
Roo'f y. adj. [from roof] Having roofs. ' j
Snakes,
Whether to roofy houfes they repair.
Or fun themfelves abroad in open air.
In all abodes of pedilential kind
To flieep. Dryden s Georguks.
ROOK. n.f. [hpoc, Saxon.]
1. A bird relembling a crow : it feeds not on carrion, but grain.
•Augurs, that underftood relations, have,
By magpies, and by choughs, and rooks, brought form
"I he fecret’d man of blood. < Shakefp. MaAetu
Huge flocks of riling rooks forfake their food,
And crying feek the ftielter of the wood. Dryden.
The jays the rook, the daw • .
Aid the full concert. Thomfon s opring.
2. [Rocco, Italian.] A mean man at chefs.
So have I feen a king on chefs*
His looks and knights withdraw'!).
His queen and biliiops in diftrels,
Shifting about grow lefs and lefs,
With here and there a pawn. Dryden's Songs.
3. A cheat ; a trickilh rapacious fellow.
I am, like an old rook, who is ruined by gaming, forced to
live on the good fortune of the pufhing young men. IVycherly.
To Rook. v. n. [from the noun ] To rob ; to cheat.
They rook'd upon us with defign,
To out-reform and undermine. • Hudibras, p. iii*
How any one’s being put into a mixed herd of unruly boys,
and there learning to rook at fpan-farthing, fits him for converfation, I do not lee. Locke on Education.
Roo'kery. n.f. [from rook.] A nurfery of rooks.
No lone houfe in Wales, with a mountain and a rookery,
is more contemplative than this court. Pope.
Roo'ky. adj. [from rook.] Inhabited by rooks.
Light thickens, and the crow
Makes wing to th’ rooky wood. Shakefp. Macbeth.
ROOM, n.f [pum, Saxon; rums, Gothick.]
1. Space ; extent of place.
With new wonder, now he views.
To all delight of human fenfe expos’d
In narrow room, nature’s whole wealth. Milton.
2. Space or place unoccupied.
If you will have a young man to put his travels into a little
room, and in fhort time gather much, this he muft do. Bac.
The dry land is much too big for its inhabitants ; and that
before they ftiall want room by encreafing and multiplying,
there may be new heavens and a new earth. Bentley.
3. Way unobftruCted.
Make room, and let him ftand before our face, Shakefp.
What train of fervants, what extent of field,
Shall aid the birth, or give him room to build ? Creech.
This paternal regal power, being by divine right, leaves
no room for human prudence to place it any where. Locke.
4. Place of another ; ftead.
In evils, that cannot be removed without the manifeft
danger of greater to fucceed in their rooms, wifdom of neceflity muft give place to neceffity. Hooker, b. v.f. 9.
For better ends our kina redeemer dy’d,
Or the fallen angels rooms will be but ill iupply’d. Rofc.
Bv contributing to the contentment of other men, and
rendering them as happy as lies in our power, we do God’s
work, are in his place and room. Calamy s Sermons.
5. UnobftruCted opportunity.
When this princefs was in her father’s court, (he was fo
celebrated, that there was no prince in the empire, who had
room for fuch an alliance, that was not ambitious of gaining
her into his family. Addifon's Freeholder, N° 2.
It puts us upon fo eager a purfuit of the advantages of life,
as leaves no room to reflect on the great author of them. Att.
Will you not look with pity on me ?
Is there no hope ? is there no room for pardon ? A. Philips.
6. An apartment in a houfe ; fo much of a houfe as is inclofed
within partitions.
I found the prince in the next room,
Waftiingwith kindly tears his gentle cheeks. Shakefp„
If when flae appears in th’ room,
Thou dolt not quake, and art Itruck dumb ;
Know this,
Thou lov’it amifs ;
And to love true.
Thou muft begin again, and love anew. Suckling.
In a prince’s court, the only queftion a man is to afk is,
whether it be the cuftom of the court, or will of the prince,
to be uncovered in fome rooms aad not in others. Stillingfect.
It will afford me a few plealant rooms, for fuch a friend as
yourfelf. Pope.
Roo mage, n.f [from room.] Space; place.
Man, of all fenlible creatures, has the fulleft brain to his
proportion, for the lodging of the intellective faculties : it
mult be a filent character of hope, when there is good Itore of
roomagetmd receipt, where thofe powers are ftowed. IVotton.
Roominess. n.J. [trom roomy.] Space; quantity'of extent.
3
X
/
R O O
Ivoo MY. adj. [from room.) Spacious; wide; large.
With roesmy decks, her guns of mighty ftrength.
Deep in her draught, and warlike in her length. Dryden.
This fort of number is more roomy, the thought can turn
ttfelf with greater cafe in a larger compafs. Dryden.
Roost, n.f [hpofe, Saxon.]
1. That on which a bird fits to deep.
Sooner than the mattin-bell was rung,
He clap’d his wings upon his roojt, and fun?-. Dryden
2. The ad of ileeping.
A fox fpied out a cock at rooji upon a tree. L’Efrange.
Large and ftrong mufcles move the wings, and fupport the
body at rooji. Derham s Phyfico- Theology.
To Roost, v. n. [rorjlen, Dutch; of the fame etymology with
reji.-]
J. To fleep as a bird.
The cock roojiedat night upon the boughs. L’EJiran^e.
2. To lodge. In burlefque.
ROOT. n.f. [rot, Swedifh ; roed, Dani/h.]
1. That part of the plant which refts in the ground, and fupplies the ftems with nourifhment.
The layers will in a month ftrike root, being planted in a
light loamy earth, mixed with excellent rotten foil, and fifted.
Evelyn’s Kalendar.
When you would have many new roots of fruit trees, take
a low tree and bow it, and lay all his branches aflat upon the
ground, and call earth upon them, and every twig will take
} °0t' a a > Bacon’s Natural Hijiory.
A flow’r in meadow ground, amellus call’d ;
And from one root the riling Hem bellows
A wood of leaves. Dryden’s Virgil’s Georgieks.
In Odober, the hops will fettle and ftrike root againft
fpring. Mortimer’s Hufbatidry.
2. The bottom ; the lower part.
Deep to the roots of hell the gather’d breach
They faften’d. MUon%
Thefe fubterraneous vaults would be found elpecially about
the roots of the mountains. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
3. A plant of which the root is efculent.
Thofe plants, whofe roots are eaten, are carrots, turnips,
and radilhes. Watts.
4. The original; the lirft caufe.
Why did my parents fend me to the fchools,
That I with knowledge might enrich my mind ?
Since the defire to know firft made men fools.
And did corrupt the root of all mankind. Davies.
Whence,
But from the author of all ill, could fprinoSo deep a malice, to confound the race
Of mankind in one root. Milton’s Paradife Loji, b. ii.
The love of money is the root of all evil, is a truth univerfally agreed in. Temple.
5. The firft anceftor.
It was faid,
That myfelf Ihould be the root, and father
Of many kings. Shake#; Macbeth.
They were the roots, out of which fprang two diftind
people, under two diftind governments. * Locke.
6. Fixed refidence.
That love took deepeft root, which firft did grow. Dry.
7. Impreftion ; durable efted.
Having this way eafed the church, as they thought of fuperfluity, they went on till they had plucked up even thofe
things alio, which had taken a great deal ftronger and deeper
ro°t- Hooker, b. iv. f. ly.
To Root. v.n. [from the noun.]
1. To fix the root; to firike far into the earth.
Her fallow leas
The darnel, hemlock and rank fumitory
Doth root upon. Shakefp. Henry V.
Underneath the grove of fycamour,
That weftward rooteth, did I fee your fon. Shakefp.
The multiplying brood of the ungodly fhall not take deep
rooting from baftard flips, nor lay any fall foundation. Wifd.
After a year’s rooting, then lhaking doth the tree good, by
Ioofening of the earth. Bacon.
The coulter mull be proportioned to the foil, becaufe, in
deep grounds, the weeds root the deeper. Mortimer.
2. To turn up earth.
To Root. v. a. [from the noun.]
To fix deep in the earth.
When ocean, air, and earth at once engage,
And rooted forefts fly before their rage.
At once the clafhing clouds to battle move. Dryden.
Where th’ impetuous torrent rufhing down
,crrafcfly ftones, and rooted trees had thrown,
r hey left their couriers. IhyMsJEnn1.
2. 1 o imprefs deeply.
The great important end that God dengns it for, the go¬
vernment of mankind, fufficien,ly f|lews the neceffity of its
being rooted deeply ,n the heart, and put beyond tl.c danger of
being torn up by any ordinary violence. %,uti,.
s
R fO R
They have fo rooted themfelves in the opinions of their
party, that they cannot hear an objection with patience. Watts.
3. To turn up out of the ground ; to radicate; to extirpate.
He’s a rank weed,
And we mull root him out. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Soon fhall we drive back Alcibiades,
Who, like a boar too lavage, doth root up
His country’s peace. Shakefp. Timon of Athens,
l he Egyptians think it fin to root up or to bite
Their leeks or onions, which they lerve with holy rite.
Raleigh’s Hijiory of the Wot Id.
Root up wild olives from thy labour’d lands. Drydene
I he royal hufbandman appear’d.
And plough’d, and fow’d, and till’d ;
’l he thorns he ? ooted out, the rubbifh clear’d.
And bleft th’ obedient field. Drvder,
4. To deftroy ; to banifh.
Not to deftroy, but root them out of heav’n. Milton.
In vain we plant, we build, our {lores increafe.
If confcience roots up all our inward peace. ^Granville«
Roo/ted. adj. [from root.] Fixed; deep; radical.
Pluck from the memory a rooted forrow.
Raze out the written troubles of the brain. Shakefp.
The danger is great to them, who, on a weaker foun¬
dation, do yet Hand firmly rooted, and grounded in the love
of Chrift. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
You always joined a violent defire of perpetually changing
places with a rooted lazinefs. Swift to Gay.
Roo'tedly. adv. [from rooted.] Deeply; flrongly.
They all do hate him as rootcdly as I. ° Shakefp.
Rooty, adj. [from root.] Full of roots. jyjgf
ROPE, n.f [pap, Saxon; reep, roop, Dutch.]
I. A cord ; a firing ; a halter.
Thou drunken flave, I fent thee for a rope.
And told thee to what purpofe. Shakefp. Com. of Err.
An anchor, let down by a rope, maketh a found ; and yet
the rope is no fclid body, whereby the found can afeend. Bac.
Who would not guefs there might be hopes.
The fear of gallowfos and ropes
Before their eyes, might reconcile
Their animofities a while. Hudibras
I cannot but confefs myfelf mightily furprized, that, in a
book, which was to provide chains for all mankind, I fhould
find nothing but a rope of fand. Locke
Hang yourlelf up in a true rope, that there may appea/no
trick in it. Arbuthnot’s Hijiory of John Bull.
2. Any row of things depending : as, a rope of onions.
To Rope. v. n. [from the noun.] To draw out into vifoofities *
to concrete into glutinous filaments.
Such bodies partly follow the touch of another body, and
partly flick to themfelves : and therefore rope and drav/ themi'elves in threads ; as pitch, glue and birdlime. Bacon.
In this cloie veffel place the earth accurs’d.
But fill d brimful with wholefome water firft
, Then run it through, the drops will rope around. Dryden
Ro PE DANCER, n.f [rope and dancer.] An artift who dances
on a rope.
Salvian, amongft other publick fhews, mentions the Petammani; probably derived from the Greek ttetoL^xi, which
iignifies to fly, and may refer to fuch kind of ropedancers.
Wilkins’s Mathemaitcal Magick:
Statius, polled on the higheft of the two fummits, the
people regarded with the fame terror, as they look upon a da¬
ring ropedanccr, whom they exped to fall every moment.
XT. . Addijon’s Guardian.
. N,c bounced up with a fpring equal to that of one of your
nimbleft tumblers or ropedancers, and fell foul upon John Bull
to fnatch the cudgel he had in his hand. Arbutbnol.
Ro'piness. n.f. [from ropy.] Vifoofity ; glutinoufnefs.
Ro pi-maker, or roper, n.f. [rope and maker.] One who
makes ropes to fell.
'I he ropemakcr bear me witnefs,
That I was font for nothing but a rope. Shakefpeare.
Ro pery. n.f. [from rope.] Rogue’s tricks. See Ropetrick.
What faucy merchant was this, that was fo full of his
ropery. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
ope trick, n.f [rope and trick.] Probably rogue’s tricks ;
tricks that deforve the halter.
She may perhaps call him half a fcore knaves, or fo : an
he begin once, he’ll rail in his ropetricks. Shakefpeare.’
Ro py. adj. [from rope.] Vifcous ; tenacious ; glutinous.
Afk for what price thy venal tongue was fold ;
Tough, wither’d truffles, ropy wine, a difli
Of fhotten herrings, or flale ftinking fifh. Dryden’s Juv.
'Fake care
Thy muddy bev’rage to forene, and drive
Precipitant the baler ropy lees. Philips.
R(JJ>UELAURE. n.f. [French.] A cloak for men.
Within the rcquelaure’s clalp thy hands are pent. Gay.
Rora'tion. n.f. [roris, Latin.] A falling of dew. Dili.
Ro'rid.
R 0 S
ko'fciD. n.f. [roridus, Lat.] Dewy. . .
A vehicle conveys it through lels acceflible cavities into the
liver from thence into the veins, and fo in a rorid iuhftance
through the capillary cavities. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Roki'ferous. ad), [res and fero, Lat.J Producing dew. Did}.
Rori'fluent . adj. [ros andftw,, Lat.] Flowing with dew. Did}.
Ro's.vry. n.f. [rmrium, Lat.] A bunch of beads, on which
the Romanics number their prayers.
No rofary this votrefs needs,
Her very lyllables are beads. Cleaveland.
Every day propound to yourfclf a rofary or a chaplet of
good works, to prelent to God at night. Taylor.
Roscid. adj. [rofeidus, Lat.] Dewy ; abounding with dew j
confiding of dew.
Wine is to be forborn in cor.fumptions, for the fpirits of
wine prey upon the rofeid juice of the body. Bacon.
The ends of rainbows fall more upon one kind of earth
than upon another ; for that earth is mod lofcid. Bacon.
ROSE. n.f. [rofe,¥r. rofa, Lat.] A flower.
The flower of the rofe is compofed of feveral leaves, which
are placed circularly, and expand in a beautiful order, whole
leafy flower-cup afterward becomes a rounddh or oblong flefhy
fruit inclofing feveral angular hairy feeds ; to which may be
added, it is a weak pithy fhrub, for the mod part befet with
prickles, and hath pinnated leaves : the fpecies are, i. The
wild briar, dog roje, or hep-tree. 2. Wild briar or dog rofe,
with large prickly heps. 3. The greater Englidi apple-bear¬
ing rofe. 4. The dwarf wild Burnet-leaved rofe. 5. The
dwarf wild Burnet-leaved rofe, with variegated leaves.
6. The driped Scotch rofe. 7. The fweet briar or eglantine.
8. Sweet briar, with a double flower. All the other forts of
refes are originally of foreign growth, but are hardy enough
to endure the cold of our climate in the open air, and pro¬
duce beautiful and fragrant flowers. Miller.
Make ufe of thy fait hours, feafon the flaves
For tubs and baths, bring down the rofe cheek’d youth
To th’ tub fad and the diet. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Patience thou young and rofe lipp’d cherubin. Shakefp.
Let us crown ourfelves with rofe buds, before they be wi¬
thered. Wifdom ii. 8.
This way of procuring autumnal rofes will, in mod rofe
bufnes, fail; but, in fome good bearers, it will lucceed.
Boyle.
Here without thorn the rofe. Milton.
For her th’ unfading rofe of Eden blooms. Pope.
To fpeak under the Rose. To fpeak any thing with fafety, fo as
not afterwards to be difeovered.
By defiring a fecrecy to words fpoke under the rofe, we
mean, infociety and compotation, from the ancient cudom in
fympofiack meetings, to wear chaplets of rofes about their
heads. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Rose. pret. of rife.
Eve rofe and went forth ’mong her flow’rs. Milton.
Ro'seate. adj. [rofat, Fr. from rofe.]
1. Rofy ; full of rofes.
I come, ye ghods ! prepare your rofeaie bow’rs,
Celedial palms and ever blooming flow’rs. Pope.
2. Blooming, fragrant, purple, as a rofe.
Ro'sed. adj. [from the noun.] crimfoned ; flufhed.
Can you blame her, being a maid ret rojed over with the
virgin crimfon of modedy, if die deny the appearance of a
naked blind boy. Shakefp. Henry V.
Rose-mallow, n.f. Is in every refpedt larger than the com¬
mon mallow; the leaves are rougher, and the plant grows
almod fhrubby. Miller.
Ro'semary. n.f. [rofnarinus, Lat.] Is a verticillate plant,
with a labiated flower, confiding of one leaf, whofe upper
lip or cred is cut into two parts, and turns up backward with
crooked damina or chives ; but the under lip or beard is di¬
vided into three parts, the middle fegment being hollow like
a fpoon ; out of the two or three-teethed flower-cup rifes the
pointal, attended, as it were, by four embryoes, which after¬
ward turn to fo many feeds that are roundifh, and are inclol’ed in the flower-cup. Miller.
Bedlam beggars, with roaring voices,
Strike in their numb’d and mortify’d bare arms
Pins, wooden pricks, nails, fprigs of rofemary ;
And with this horrible object, from low farms,
Inforce their charity. Shakefp. King Lear.
Around their cell
Set rows of rofemary with flowering dem. Dryden.
Rofemary is fmall, but a very odoriferous flirub ; the princi¬
pal ufe of it is to perfume chambers, and in decodticns for
wafhino*# didortimer s Hujbandry.
The neighbours
Follow’d vfrith widful look the damfel bier,
Sprigg’d rofemary the lads and lades bore. Gay,
Rcse-noble. n.f. An Englifh gold coin, in value anciently
fixteen findings.. Did}.
The fucceeding kings coined rofe-nobles and double rojenoblcs, the great fovereigns with the fame infeription, Jejus
av.tem tranfens per medium eorum ibat. Camden’s Remains.
ROT
fto’SEWATElt. n.f. [rofe and water.] Water diddled fronj
rofes.
Attend him with a filver bafon
Full of rofewater. . Shakerp.
His drink fhould be cooling ; as fountain water with rofe¬
water and fugar of rofes. Wijeman’s Snrgery.
Ro'set. h.f [Vomroje.] A red colour for painters.
Grind cerufs with a weak water of gum-lake) rofet, and
Vermillion, which maketh it a fair carnation. Peacham.
Ro'sijR. n.f [rafter, Fr.] A rofebufh.
Her yellow golden hair
Was trimly woven, and in tred’es wrought)
Ne other tire fire 011 her head did wear,
But crowned with a garland of fvveet rofier. Fairy Ffuetii,
ROSIN, n.f. [properly refin ; refine, Fr. refma, Lat.]
ii Infpiflated turpentine; a juice of the pine.
The billows from the kindling prow retire.
Pitch, rofin, fearwood on red wings afpire. Garth.
2. Any infpidated matter of vegetables that difloives in fpirit.
Tea contains little of a volatile fpirit; its rofm or fixed oil,
which is bitter and adringent, cannot be extra&ed but by
rectified fpirit. Arbuthnot on Alitnents.
To Ro'sin. v. a. [from the noun.] To rub with rofin.
Bouzebeus who could fweetly fing.
Or with the rofm’dhow torment the dring. Gay.
Ro'siny, adj. [from rofm.] Refembling rofin. The example
fhould perhaps be rofel'.y. See ROSSEL.
The bed foil is that upon a Tandy gravel or roftny fand. Temp»
RO'SSEL. n.f
A true roffel or light land, whether white or black, is what
they are ufually planted in. Mortimer’s Hujbandry.
Ro'sselly. adj. [from roffel.]
In Eflex, rnoory land is thought to be the mod proper :
that which I have obferved to be the bed foil is a roffely top,
and a brick earthy bottom. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Rostrated, adj. [rojlratus, Lat.] Adorned with beaks of
fhips.
He brought to Italy an hundred and ten rojlrated gallies of
the fleet of Mithridates. Arbuthnot.
RO'STRUM, n.f. [Latin.]
1. The beak of a bird.
2. The beak of a fhip.
3. The fcaffold whence orators harangued.
Vefpafian eredted a column in Rome, upon whofe top was
the prow of a fhip, in Latin rojlrum, which gave name to
the common pleading place in Rome, where orations were
made, b-ing built of the prows of thofe fhips of Antium,
which the Romans overthrew. Peacham on Drawing.
Myfelf fhall mount the rojlrum in his favour,
And drive to gain his pardon from the people. Addifon.
4. The pipe which conveys the diddling liquor into its receiver
in the common alembicks ; alfo a crooked feiflars, which the
furgeons ufe in fome cafes for the dilatation of wounds. Vfuin.
Ro/sy. adj. [rofeus, Lat.] Refembling a rofe in bloom, beau¬
ty, colour, or fragrance.
When the rofy fing’red morning fair.
Weary of aged Tithon’s faffron bed,
Had fpred her purple robe through dewy air. Fa. Sjhieen.
A fimile that glow’d
Cceledial rofy red, love’s proper hue. Milton.
Faired bloflom ! do not flight
That age, which you may know fo foon 3
The rofy morn refigns her light,
And milder glory to the noon. IVallere
The rofy finger’d morn appears.
And from her mantle fhakes her tears,
In promife of a glorious day. Dryden’s Albion:
As Theflalian deeds the race adorn,
So rofy colour’d Helen is the pride
Of Lacedemon, and of Greece befide. Dryden•
While blooming youth and gay delight
Sit on thy rofy cheeks confed,
Thou had, my dear, undoubted right
To triumph o’er this dedin’d bread. Prior.
To ROT. v. n. [potan, Saxon ; rotten, Dutch.] Toputrify;
to lofe the coheiion of its parts.
A man may rot even here. Shakefp.
From hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and roti Shakefp.
Being more nearly expofed to the air and weather, the bo¬
dies of the animals would fuddenly corrupt and rot; the bones
would likewife all rot in time, except thofe which were fecured by the extraoidinary drength of their parts. IVoodivard.
To Rot. v. a. To make putrid ; to bring to corruption.
No wood fhone that was cut down alive, but luch as was
rotted in dock and root while it grew. Bacon
Frowning Auder feeks the fouthern fphere,
And rots, with endlefs rain, th’ unwholiome year. Dryden*
Rot. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A di{temper among fheep, in which their lungs arc waded*
Jn an unlucky grange, the fheep died of the rot, the fwine
of the mange, and not a goofeor duckling throve. B. John/.
The
/
ROT ROU
The cattle muft of rot and murrain die. Milton.
The wool of Ireland fuffers under no defedl, the countrybeing generally full flocked with fheep, and the foil little fubje£l to other rots than of hunger. Temple.
2.Putrefaftion ; putrid decay.
Brandy l'carce prevents the fudden rot
Of freezing nofe, and quick decaying feet. Philips.
Ro'tary. adj. [rota, Latin.] Whirling as a wheel. Didl.
Rotated, adj. [rotatus, Lat.J Whirled round.
Rotati on. n. f. [rotation, fr. rotatio, Lat.] The a£t of
whirling round like a wheel; the ftate of being fo whirled
round ; whirl.
Of this kind is fome difpofition of bodies to rotation from
Eaft to Weft; as the main float and refloat of the fea, by
confent of the univerfe as part of the diurnal motion. Bacon.
By a kind of circulation or rotation, arts have their fucceflive invention, perfe&ion, and traduction from one people
to another. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
The axle-trees of chariots take fire by the rapid rotation of
the wheels. Newton’s Opticks.
In the paflions wild rotation toft,
Our fpring of action to ourfelves is loft. Pope.
In fond rotation fpread the fpotted wing,
And fhiver every feather with defire. Thomfon.
ROTA'TOR. n.J. [Latin.] I hat which gives a circular mo-
- tion.
This articulation is {Lengthened by ftrong mufcles ; on the
inflde by the triceps and the four little rotators. IVfeman.
Rote. n.f. [pot, Saxon, merry.]
1. [Rote, old Fr.] A harp ; a lyre. Obfolete.
Wele couthe he ling, and playen on a rote. Chaucer.
Worthy of great Phcebus’ rote,
The triumphs of Phlegrean Jove he wrote.
That all the gods admir’d his lofty note. Spenfer.
2. [Routine, Fr.] Words uttered by mere memory W'ithout
meaning; memory of words without comprehenlion of the
fenfe.
Firft rehearfe this fong by rote.
To each word a warbling note. Shakefp.
Thy loved did read by rote, and could not fpell. Shakefp.
He rather faith it by rote to himfelf, than that he can
throughly believe it. Bacon's EJfays.
All which he tinderftood by rote,
And as occafton ferv’d would quote. Hudihras, p. i.
Learn Ariftotle’s rules by rote.
And at all hazard's boldly quote. Swift's Mifcel.
To Rote. v. a. [from the noun.] To fix in the memory,
without informing the underftanding.
Speak to the people
Words rated in your tongue ; baftards and fyllables
Of no allowance to your bofom’s truth. Shakefp.
Ro'tgut. n.f [rot and gut.] Bad beer.
They overwhelm their panch daily with a kind of flat rotgut, we with a bitter dreggifh fmall liquor. Harvey.
Rother-n ails, n.f [a corruption of rudder.] Among fhipwrights, nails with very full heads ufed for faftening the rudder
irons of Chips. Bailey.
Ro'tten. adj. [from rot.]
1. Putrid; carious; putrefeent.
'f ruff Kot to rotten planks. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Profperity begins to mellow,
And drop into the rotten mouth of death. Shakefp.
. O blils-breeding fun, draw from the earth
t Rotten humidity ; below thy filler’s orb
Infect the air. IShakefp. Timon of Athens.
T here is by invitation or excitation ; as when a rotten apple
lieth clofe to another apple that is found ; or when dung,
which is already putrefied, is added to other bodies. Bacon.
Who brafs as rotten wood; and fteel no more
Regards than reeds. Sandys's Paraphrafe.
It groweth by a dead ftub of a tree, and about the roots of
rotten trees, and takes his juice from wood putrefied. Bacon.
T hey ferewood from the rotten hedges took.
And feeds of latent fire from flints provoke. Dryden.
2. Not firm ; not trufty.
Hence, rotten thing, or I fhall fhake thy bones
Out of thy garments. Sbakejp. Coriolanus.
3. Not found ; not hard.
You common cry of curs whofe breath I hate.
As reck o’ th’ rotten fens. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
They were left moiled with dirt and mire, by reafon of the
deepnefs of the rotten way. Knolles's Eli/lory of the Turks.
Rottenness, n.f. [from rotten.] State of being rotten;
carioufnels; putrefadtion.
Difeas’d ventures,
T hat play with all infirmities for gold,
W hich rvtt'ennejs lends nature ! Shakefp. Cymheline.
If the matter Itink and be oily, it is a certain fign of a
rottennejs. . ^ IVifeman's Surge’y.
ROTUND, adj. [totonde, hr. rotundas, Lat.J Round; circu¬
lar ; fpherical.
1 he crofs figure of the chriftian temples is more proper
for fpacious buildings than the rotund of the heathen ; the eyive
is much better filled at firft entering the rotund, but fuch at
are built in the form of a crofs gives us a greater variety. Add.
Rotu'ndifolious. adj. [rotundas and folium, Lat.] Having
round leaves.
Rotu ndity. n. f. [rotunditas, Lat. rotondite, Fr. from rotund.]
Roundnefs; fphcricity ; circularity.
1 hou all-fhaking thunder,
Strike flat the thick rotundity o’ th’ world. Shakefp.
With the rotundity common to the atoms of all fluids, there
is fome difference in bulk, elfe all fluids would be alike in
weight. _ _ Grew.
Rotundity is an emblem of eternity, that has neither be¬
ginning nor end. Addijon on Ancient Medals.
Who would part with thefe folid bleflings, for the little
fantaftical pleafantnefs of a fmooth convexity and rotundity of
a globe. _ Bentley's Sermons.
Rotu ndo. n.f [rotondo, Italian.] A building formed round both
in the infide and outfide ; fuch as the pantheon at Rome. Trev.
To ROVE. v. 11. [roffver, Daoifh, to range for plunder.] To
ramble ; to range ; to wander.
Thou’ft years upon thee, and thou art too full
Of the wars furfeits, to go rove with one
That's yet unbruis’d. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Faultlefs thou dropt from his unerring fkill,
With the bare power to fin, fince free of will;
Yet charge not with thy guilt his bounteous love,
f or who has power to walk, has power to rove. Arhuth.
If we indulge the frequent rife and roving of paffions, we
thereby procure an unattentive habit. JVatts.
I view'd th’ effedfs of that difaftrous flame,
Which kindled by th’ imperious queen of love,
Conftrain’d me from my native realm to rove. Pope.
To Rove. v. a. To wander over.
Roving the field, I chanc’d
A goodly tree far diftant to behold,
Loaden with fruit of faireft colours. Milton s Par, Loft.
Cloacina as the town fhe rov'd,
A mortal fcavenger fhe faw, fhe lov’d. Gay.
Ro’ver. n.f. [from rove.]
1. A wanderer; a ranger.
2. A fickle inconftant man.
3. A robber; a pirate.
T his is the cafe of rovers by land, as fome cantons in
Arabia. Bacons Holy JVar.
4. At Rovers. Without any particular aim.
Nature fhoots not at rovers : even inanimates, though they
know not their perfection, yet are they not carried on by a
blind unguided impetus; but that, which dire&s them,
knows it. Glanvill's Scepf.
Providence never fhoots at rovers : there is an arrow that
flies by night as well as by day, and God is the perfon that
fhoots it. South's Sermons.
Men of great reading fhow their talents on the meaneft
fubjedls; this is a kind of fhooting at rovers. Addifon.
Rouge, n.f. [rouge, Fr.] Red paint.
ROUGH, adj. [hpuh, hpuhje, Saxon; rouw, Dutch.]
1. Not fmooth ; rugged ; having inequalities on the furface.
The fiend
O’er bog or fteep, through ftrait, rough, denfe, or rare,
Purfues his way. Milton.
Were the mountains taken all away, the remaining parts
would be more unequal than the roughejl fea ; whereas the
face of the earth fhould refemble that of the calmeft fea, if
frill in the form of its firft mafs. Burn.t's Theory ofthe Earth.
2. Auftere to the tafte : as, rough nine.
3. Harfli to the ear.
Molt by the numbers judge a poet’s fong.
And fmooth or rough with them is right or wrong. Po^e.
4. Rugged of temper ; inelegant of manners ; ‘not fo/t ;
coarle ; not civil; fevere ; not mild ; rude.
A fiend, a fury, pitilels and rough,
A wolf; nay wori'e, a fellow all in buff. Shakefp.
Strait with a band of foldiers tall and rough
On him he feizes. . Cowley's Davidcis.
5. Not gentle ; not proceeding by eafy operation.
He gave not the king time to prolecute that gracious me¬
thod, but forced him to a quicker and rougher remedy. Ciar.
Hippocrates feldom mentions the doles of his medicines,
which is fomewhat furprizing, becaufe his purgatives are ge¬
nerally very rough and ftrong. Arbuthnot on Cans.
6. Harfli to the mind ; fevere.
Rind words prevent a good deal of that perverfenefs,
which tough and imperious ufage often produces in generous
minds. Locke.
7. Hard featured ; not delicate,
A ropy chain of rheums, a vifage rough,
Deform’d, unfeatur’d, and a fkin of buff. Dryden.
8. Not poliflied ; not finifhed by art: as, a rough diamond.
9. Terrible; dreadful.
Before the cloudy van.
On the rough edge of battle ere it join’d,
Satan advanc’d. Milton.
IO. Rugged ;
R O U
10. Rugged; difordered in appearance ; coarfe.
Rough from the toiling furge Ulyfies moves,
Urg’d on by want, and recent from the {forms,
The brackilh ooze his manly grace deforms. Pope.
11. Tempeftuous; ftormy; boifterous.
Come what come may,
Time and the hour run through the roughejl day. Shakefp.
To Roughcast, v. a. [rough and cajl.j
1. To mould without nicety or elegance ; to form with afperities
and inequalities.
Nor bodily, nor ghoftly negro could
Roughcaji thy figure in a fadder mould. Cleaveland.
2. To form any thing in its firft rudiments.
In merriment they were firft pradfifed, and this roughenfl
unhewn poetry Was inftead of ftage plays for one hundred and
twenty years. Dryden's Dedication to ‘Juvenal.
Rou'ghcast. n.f [rough and cajf.]
1. A rude model ; a form in its rudiments.
The whole piece feems rather a loofe model and roughcafl
of what Idefign to do, than a compleat work. Digby.
2. A kind of plaifter mixed with pebbles, or by fome other
caufe very uneven on the furface.
Some man muft prefent a wall; and let him have fome
plafter, lome, or roughcaji about him to fignify wall. Shakefp.
Rou'ghdraught. n.f. [rough and draught.] A draught in
its rudiments.
My elder brothers came
Roughdraughts of nature, ill defign’d and lame,
Blown off, like blofloms, never made to bear ;
’Till I came fin’dh’d, her laft labour’d care. Dryden.
To Roi/ghdraw. v. a. [rough and draw.] To tracecoarfely.
His victories we fcarce could keep in view,
Or polifti ’em fo faft, as he roughdrew. Dryden.
To Rou'ghen. v. a. [from rough.] To make rough.
Such difference there is in tongues, that the fame figure,
which roughens one, gives majefty to another; and that was
it which Virgil ftudied in his verfes. Dryden's Ded. to JEneis.
Ah ! where muft needy poet feek for aid.
When duft and rain at once his coat invade !
His only coat; when duft confus’d with rain.
Roughens the nap, and leaves a mingled fiain. Swift.
To Rou ghen, u. n. To grow rough.
The broken landfkip
Afcending roughens into rigid hills. Thomfon’s Spring.
ToRoughhew'. v. a. [rough and hew.] To give to any
thing the firft appearance of form.
There’s a divinity that fhapes our ends,
Roughhew them how we will. Shakefp. Hamlet.
The whole world, wuthout art and drefs.
Would be but one great wildernefs,
And mankind but a favage herd.
For all that nature has conferr’d :
This does but roughhew and defign,
Leaves art to polilh and refine. Hudibras, p. iii.
Rou'ghhewn. particip. adj.
1. Rugged; unpoliftred; uncivil; unrefined.
A roughkewn feaman, being brought before a juftice for
fome milclemeanour, wras by him ordered away to prifon ; and
would not ftir; faying, it was better to ftand where he was,
than go to a worfe place. Bacon’s Apophthegms.
2. Not yet nicely finished.
I hope to obtain a candid conftru&ion of this roughhewn
ill-timber’d difeourfe. Howel's Vocal Forefl.
Rou'ghly. adv. [from
1. With uneven furface ; with afperities on the furface.
2. Harfhly ; uncivilly ; rudely.
Ne Mammon would there let him lone remain.
For terror of the torments manifold,
In which the damned fouls he did behold,
But roughly him befpake. Fairy ueeny b. ii.
Rebuk’d, and roughly fent to prifon,
Th’ immediate heir of England ! was this eafy ? Shakefp.
3. Severely ; without tendernefs.
Some friends of vice pretend,
That I the tricks of youth too roughly blame. Dryden.
4. Aufterely to the tafte.
5. Boifteroufly; tempeftuoufly.
6. Harfhly to the ear.
Rou'ghness. n. f [from rough.]
1. Superficial afperity; unevennefs of furface.
The little roughnejjes or other inequalities of the leather
againft the cavity of the cylinder, now and then put a flop to
the defeentor afeent of the fucker. Boyle.
While the fteep horrid roughnefs of the wood
Strives with the gentle calmnefs of the flood. Denham.
When the diamond is not only found, but the roughnefs
fmoothed, cut into a form, and fet in gold, then we cannot
but acknowledge, that it is the perfect work of art and
nature. Dryden.
Such a perfuafion as this well fixed, will fmooth all the
roughnefs of the way that leads to happinefs, and render all
the conflicts with our lufts pleafing. Aittrbury.
R O U
2. Aufterenefs to the tafte.
Divers plants contain a grateful fharpnefs, as lemons ; of
an auftere and inconcocted roughnefs, as floes. Brown,
3. Tafte of aftringency.
A tobacco-pipe broke in my mouth, and the /pitting out
the pieces left fuch a delicious roughnefs on my tongue, that
I champed up the remaining part. Spectator*
4. Harfhnefs to the car.
In the roughnefs of the numbers and cadences of this play,
which was fo defigned, you will fee fomewhat more mafterly
than in any of my former tragedies. Dryden%
The Swedes, Danes, Germans, and Dutch attain to the
pronunciation of our words with eafe, becaufe our fyllables
refemble theirs in roughnejs and frequency of confonants. Sw.
5. Ruggednefs of temper ; coarfenefs of manners; tendency to
rudenefs ; coarfenefs of behaviour and addrefs,
Roughnefs is a needlefs caufe.of difeontent; feverity breedeth
fear ; but roughnefs breedeth hate : even reproofs from autho¬
rity ought to be grave and not taunting. Bacon.
When our minds eyes are difengag’d,
They quicken floth, perplexities unty.
Make roughnejs fmooth, and hardnefs mollify. Denham.
Roughnejs of temper is apt to difcountenance the timorous
or modeft. . Addifon.
6. Abfence of delicacy.
Should feafting and balls once get among the cantons, their
military roughnejs would be quickly loft, their tempers would
grow too foft for their climate. Addifon.
7. Severity ; violence of difcipline.
8. Violence of operation in medicines.
9. Unpolifhed or unfiniftied ftate.
10. Inelegance of drefs or appearance.
11. Tempeftuoufnefs ; ftorminefs.
12. Coarfenefs of features.
Rought. old pret. of reach, [commonly written by Spenfct
raught.] Reached.
The moon was a month old, when Adam was no more.
And rought not to five weeks, when he came to fivefcore.
Shakejp. Love's Labour Lofl.
To Roughwork. v. a. [rough and work.] To work eoarfely
over without the leaft nicety.
Thus you muft continue, till you have roughwrought all
your work from end to end. Moxon's Mech. Exercifes.
Rou'nceval. n.f. [from Rouncefual, a town at the foot of
the Pirenees.] See Pea, of which it is a fpecies.
Dig garden.
And fet as a daintie thy runcival peafe. Puffer.
ROUND, adj. [rond> French ; rondo, Italian; rund, Dutch $
rotundus, Latin.]
1. Cylindrical.
Hollow engines long and round thick ram’d. Milton.
2. Circular.
His pond’rous fhield large and round behind him. Milton.
3. Spherical; orbicular.
The outfide bare of this round world. Milton.
4. [Rotundo ore, Lat.j Smooth; without defesft in found.
In his fatyrs Horace is quick, rounds and pleafant, and as
nothing fo bitter, fo not fo good as Juvenal. Peacham.
5. Not broken.
Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than a
fraction. Arbuthnot on Coins.
6. Large; not inconfiderable.
Three thoufand ducats ! ’tis a good round fum. Shakefp.
They fet a round price upon your head. Addifon.
It is not eafy to forefee what a round fum of money may do
among a people, who have tamely fuffered the Franche compti
to be leized on. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
She called for a round fum out of the privy purfe. Hooke.
7. Plain ; clear ; fair ; candid ; open.
Round dealing is the honour of man’s nature ; and a mix¬
ture of falfehood is like allay in gold and filver, which may
make the metal work the better, but it embafeth it. Bacon.
8. Quick ; brifk.
Painting is a long pilgrimage ; if we do not a&ually begin
the journey, and travel at a round rate, we {hall never arrive
at the end of it. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
Sir Roger heard them upon a round trot; and after pau*
fing, told them, that much might be faid on both fides. Addif.
9. Plain; free without delicacy or referve ; almoft routfti.
Let his queen mother all alone intreat him,
To {hew his griefs ; let her be roundwith him. Shakefp.
The kings interpofed in a round and princely manner • not
only by way of requeft and perfuafion, but alfo by way of
proteftation and menace. ' n }
Round, n.f.
1. A circle ; a fphere ; an orb.
Hie thee hither,
That I may pour my fpirits in thine eaf,
And chaftife with the valour of my tongue
WL-hJtrimpede3 theG fl0m tlle g°lden round.
Which fate and mctaphyfick aid doth feem
To have crown’d thee withal. Shakefp. Macbeth.
22 C - I’ll
3
ROU
I’ll charm the air to give a found,
While you perform your aiitick round. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
I hrec or four we’ll drefs like urchins,
W ith rounds of waxen tapers on their heads,
And rattles in their hands. Sbakefp. Mcr. Wives ofJFindf
What is this,
That rifes like the iflue of a king.
And wears upon his baby brow the round
And top of fovereignty ? Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Hirfute roots are a middle fort, between the bulbous and
fibrous ; that, befides the putting forth fap upwards and
downwards, putteth forth in round. Bacon.
What if the fun
Be centre to the world ; and other ftars.
By his attractive virtue and their own
Incited, dance about him various rounds. Milton.
Knit your hands, and beat the ground
In a light fantaftick round. Milton.
He did foretel and prophefy of him,
Who to his realms that azure round hath join’d. Denham.
They meet, they wheel, they throw their darts afar;
Then in a ; ound the mingled bodies run.
Flying they follow, and purfuing fhun. Dryden.
How fhall I then begin, or where conclude.
To draw a fame fo truly circular ?
For, in a round, what order can be fliew’d.
Where all the parts fo equal perfeft are ? Dryden.
"I he mouth of Vefuvio has four hundred yards in diame¬
ter ; for it feems a perfect round. Addifon.
This image on the medal plac’d.
With its bright round of titles grac’d,
And ftampt on Britifh coins fliall live. Addifon.
2. Bundle ; ftep of a ladder.
When he once attains the upmoft rounds
He then unto the ladder turns his back.
Looks in the clouds, fcorning the bafe decrees
By which he did afeend. Sbakefp. Julius Co;far.
Many are kick’d down ere they have climbed the two or
three firft i ounds of the ladder. Government of the 'Tongue.
All the rounds like Jacob’s ladder rife;
The loweft hid in earth, the topmoft in the fkies. Dryden.
This is the laft ftage of human perfection, the utmoft round
of the ladder whereby we afeend to heaven. Norris.
3. The time in which any thing has pafied through all hands,
and comes back to the firft : hence applied to a caroufal.
A gentle round fill’d to the brink.
To this and t’ other friend I drink. . Suckling.
Women to cards may be compar’d ; we play
A round or two, when us’d, we throw away. Granville.
The feaft was ferv’d ; the bowl was crown’d ;
To the king’s pleafure went the mirthful round. Prior.
4. A revolution ; a courfe ending at the point where it began.
We, that are of purer fire.
Imitate the ftarry quire.
Who, in their mighty watchful fpheres.
Lead in fwift rounds the months and years. Milton.
If nothing will pleafe people, unlefs they be greater than
nature intended, what can they expect, but the afs’s round of
vexatious changes. VEjlrange.
How then to drag a wretched life beneath
An endlefs round of ftill returning- woes.
And all the gnawing pangs of vain remorfe ?
What torment’s this ? Smith.
Till by one countlefs fum of woes oppreft.
Hoary with cares, and ignorant of reft,
We find the vital fprings relax’d and worn;
CompelI’d our common impotence to mourn, C
Thus through the round of age, to childhood we return, j
Prior.
5. [Ronde, Fr.j A walk performed by a guard or officer, to
furvey a certain diftricSt.
Round, adv.
1. Every way; on all Tides.
The, terror of God was upon the cities round about. Gen.
All founds whatfoever move round; that is, on all Tides,
upwards, downwards, forwards, and backwards. Bacon.
In darknefs and with dangers compafs’d round. Milton.
2. [En rond, d la ronde, Fr.J In a revolution.
At the beft ’tis but cunning; and if he can in his own
fancy raife that to the opinion of- true wifdom, he comes
round to praeftife his deceits upon himfelf. Gov. of the Tong.
Some preachers, prepared only upon two or three points,
run the fame round from one end of the year to another. Add.
3. Circularly.
One foot he center’d, and the other turn’d
Round through the vaft profundity obfeure. Milton.
4. Not in a diredtline.
If merely to come in, Sir, they go out;
The way they take is ftrangely round about. Pope.
Round, prep. ‘ '
I. On every fide of.
To officiate light round this opacous earth. Milton.
ROU
2. About; circularly about.
He led the hero round
T he confines of the bleft Elyfian ground. Dryden
3. All oker. *
Pound the world we roam.
Fore d from our pleafing fields and native home. Dryden.
To Round, v. a. [rotundo, Lat. from the noun.J
1. To furround ; to encircle.
’Would that th’ inclufive verge
Of golden metal, that muft roundmy brow.
Were redhot fteel to fear me to the brain. Sbakefp.
We are fuch fluff ^
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is sr&r* a ?rp- rm&. I his diltemper d meffenger of wet
The many coloured Iris, rounds thine’eyes. Shakef*
The vileft cockle gaping on the coaft’, * -
That rounds the ample Tea. Prior
2. To make fpherical or circular.
Worms with many feet, which round themfelves into balls
are bred chiefly under logs of timber. Bacon
Whenfilver has been leffened in any piece carrying the
publick ftamp, by clipping, wafning, or rounding, the Taws
have declared it not to be lawful money. * Locke
With the cleaving-knife and mawfi Tplit the fluff into a
fquare piece near the fize, and with the'draw-knife roundoff
the edges to make it fit for the lathe. Moxon.
Can any one tell, how the fun, planets, and fatellites were
rounded into their particular fpheroidical orbs. Cbevne
3. To raife to a relief. J
The figures on our modern medals are railed and rounded
to a very great perfection. Addifon on Ancient Meads.
4. I o move about any thing.
To thofe beyond the polar circle, day
Had unbenighted fhone, while the low fun.
To recompenfe his diftance, in your fight
Had rounded ftill th’ horizon, and not known
Or Eaft or Weft. Miltons Paradife Led, b. x.
5. I o mould into fmoothnefs.
T hefe accomplishments, applied in the pulpit, appear by
a quaint, terfe, florid ftile rounded into periods and cadencies
without propriety or meaning. Swift's MifceUames.
1 o Round, v. n.
1. To grow round in form.
The queen, your mother, rounds apace ; we fhall
Prefent our fervices to a fine new prince. Sbakefp
2. [Runcn, German; whence Chaucer writes it better roun.\
To whifper. '
Being come to the Tupping place, one of Kalander’s fervants rounded in his ear ; at which he retired. Sidney.
’ France,
WTom zeal and charity brought to the field
As God’s own foldier, rounded in the ear
Whh that fame purpofe changes. ’ Sbakefp.
c. J.he7 re heJe with me already ; whifpering, roi.tiding,
oicilia is a 10 forth ; tis far gone. Shakefp
Cicero was at dinner, where an ancient lady faid fhe was
but forty : one that fat by rounded him in the ear, fhe is far
more out of the queftion : Cicero anfwered, I muft believe
her, for I heard her fay fo any time thefe ten years. Bacon.
The fox ; ounds the new elecft in the ear, with a piece of
Tecret fervice that he could do him. L'E/hange.
3. To go rounds. *
, They keep watch, or nightly rounding walk. Milton.
Rou ndabout, adj. [This word is ufed as an adjeftive, thouo-h
it is only an adverb united to a fubftantive by a colloqufal
hcenfe of language, which ought not to have been admitted
into books.]
I. Ample ; extenfive.
Thofe fincerely follow reafon, but for want of having lame
found, roundabout fenfe, have not a full view of all tlrat re
Paraphrale is a roundabout way of tranflating, invented to
help the barrennefs, which tranflators, overlooking in themielves, have apprehended in our tongue. Felton
Rou ndel. i
Rou',ndelay. \ n'J'
1. [Ronddet, French.] A kind of ancient poetry, which
commonly confifts of thirteen verfes, of which eight
are of one kind of rhyme and five of another: it is di¬
vided into three couplets ; and at the end of the fecond and
third, the beginning of the roundel is repeated in an equivocal
fenfe, if pollible. irevoux.
Siker, Tike a roundle never heard I none.
Little lacketh Perigot of the beft.
And Willie is not greatly over-gone.
So weren his under-Tongs well addreft, Spcnfer's Pafl.
To hear thy rimes and roundelays,
Which thou wert wont in wailful hills to fing,
I more delight than lark in fummer days.
Whole echo made the neighb’ring groves to ring. Spenfer.
Come
Milton.
R O U
tome now a roundel and a fairy fong. Shakefp.
They lifl’ning heard him, while he tearch’d the grove,
And loudly ions h.!s roundelay of love.
But on the fudden flop d. Dryden s Knight s Tale.
2.rRondeile, Fr.J A round form or figure.
L The Spaniards, cafling themfelves into roundels, and their
ftron(reft {hips walling in the reft, made a flying march to
Calais. . Bacon.
The mufes and graces made feftivals ; the fawns, fatyrs,
nnd nymph's did dance their roundelays. Hoivcl.
Rou'ni'ER. n.J'. [from round.] Circumference ; inclofure.
If you.fondly pafs our proffer’d offer,
’Tis not the rounder of your old fac’d walls
Can hide you from our meffengers of war. Shakefp.
Rou'ndhead. n.f [round and head.'] A puritan, fo named
from the practice once prevalent among them of cropping
their hair round.
Your petitioner always kept hofpitality, and drank confufion to the roundheads. Spectator, N° 629.
Rou'ndhouse. n.f [round and houfe.] The conflable’s prifon, in which diforderly perlons, found in the ftreet, are
confined.
They march’d to fome fam’d roundhoufe. Pope.
Rou'ndish. adj. [from round.] Somewhat round ; approach¬
ing to roundnets.
It is not every fmall crack that can make fuch a receiver,
as is of a roundijh figure, ufelefs to our experiment. Boyle.
Roi/ndly. adv. [from round.']
1. In a round form ; in a round manner.
2. Openly ; plainly ; without referve.
Injoin gainfayers, giving them roundly to underftand,
that where our duty is lubmiffion, weak oppofitions betoken
pride. Ho.ker, b. v. J. 8.
R O W
Bluft’ring winds had rous'd the fea.
4. To drive a beaft from his laire.
The blood more ftirs.
To rouzc a lion, or to ftart a hare. Shakefp. Henry IV.
He ftooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old
lion ; who fhall roufe him up ? Gcnejis xlix. 9.
Th’ unexpedted found
Of dogs and men his wakeful ear does wound ;
Rous'd with the noife, he fcarce believes his ear,
Willing to think th’ illufions of his fear
Denham.
You’ll prove a jolly furly groom,
That take it on you at the firfl fo roundly. Shakefp.
Mr. de Mortier roundly faid, that to cut off all contentions
of words, he would propofe two means for peace. Hayward.
From a world of phcenomena, there is a principle that
a£ts out of wifdom and counfel, as was abundantly evidenced,
and as roundly acknowledged. More's Divine Dialogues.
He affirms every thing roundly, without any art, rhetorick, or circumlocution. Addifons Count Tariff.
3. Brifkly ; with fpeed.
When the mind has brought itfelf to attention, it will be
able to cope with difficulties, and mafter them, and then it
may go on roundly. Locke.
4. Completely ; to the purpofe ; vigoroufly ; in earneft.
I was called any thing, and I would have done any thing,
indeed too, and roundly too. Shakefp. Henry IV.
This lord juftice caufed the earl of Kildare to be arrefted,
and cancelled fuch charters as were lately refumed, and pro¬
ceeded every way fo roundly and feverely, as the nobility did
much diftafte him. Davies on Ireland.
Rou'ndness. n.f [from round.]
1. Circularity; fphericity ; cylindrical form.
The fame reafon is of the roundnefs of the bubble ; for the
' a;r within avoideth difcontinuance, and therefore cafteth it¬
felf into a round figure. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Bracelets of pearl gave roundnefs to her arm,
And ev’ry gem augmented ev’ry charm. Prior.
RoundnejS is the primary effential mode or difference of a
bowl. Watts's Logick.
2. Smoothnefs.
The whole period and compafs of this fpeech was delightfome for the roundnefs, and grave for the ftrangenefs. Spenfer.
3. Honefty ; opennefs ; vigorous meafures.
To ROUSE, v. a. [of the fame clafs of words with raife and
#•]
1. To wake from reft.
At once the crowd arofe, confus’d and high ;
For Mars was early up, and rous'd the fky. Dryden.
Rev’rent I touch thee ! but with honeft zeal,
To roufe the watchmen of the publick weal.
To virtue’s work provoke the tardy hall;
And goad the prelate fiumb’ring in his flail. Pope.
2. To excite to thought or adtion.
The Dane and Swede, rouz'd up by fierce alarms,
Blefs the wife condudl of her pious arms ;
Soon as her fleets appear, their terrors ceafe.
And all the northern world lies hufh’d in peace. Addifon.
I’ll thunder in their ears their country’s caufe,
And try to rouje up all that’s Roman in them. Addif. Cato.
The heat, with whichLuther treated his adverfaries, though
ftrained too’far, was extremely well fitted by the providence
of God to roufe up a people, the moft phlegmatick of any
in Chriftendom. Alterbury.
They would be very much roufed and awakened by luch a
fight; but they would not however be convinced. Atterbwy.
3. To put into action.
As an eagle, feeing prey appear,
His airy plumes doth rouje full rudely dight;
So fhaked he, that horror was to hear. Fairy Queen.
Had giv’n this falfe alarm.
Now Cancer glows with Phoebus’ fiery car.
The youth rufh eager to the fylvan war;
Swarm o’er the lawns, the fprefl-walks furround,
Roufe the fleet hart, and cheer the op’ning hound. Pope.
To Rouse, v. n.
1. To awake from {lumber.
Men, fleeping found by whom they dread,
Roufe and beftir themfelves ere well awake. Milton.
Richard, who now was half afleep.
Rous'd; nor would longer filence keep. Prior.
Melancholy lifts her head ;
Morpheus routes from his bed. Pope s St. Cecilia.
2. To be excited to thought or adfion.
Good things of day begin to droop and drowze.
While night’s black agents to their prey do roivze. Shakefp.
Rouse, n.f. [ruj'ch, German, half drunk.] A dofe of liquor
rather too large.
They have given me a roufe already.
—Not paft a pint as I am a foldier. Shakefp. Othello*
No jocund health that Denmark drinks to-day.
But the great cannon to the clouds fliall tell ;
And the king’s roufe fhall bruit it back again,
Refpeaking earthly thunder. Shakefp.
Rou'ser. n.f. [from rouje.] One who roufes.
Rout. n.f. [rot, Dutch.]
1. A clamorous multitude ; a rabble ; a tumultuous croud.
Befides the endlefs routs of wretched thralls.
Which thither were affembled day by day
From all the world. Fairy Queen, b. i.
A rout of people there affembled were,
Of every fort and nation under fky.
Which with great uproar preafed to draw near
To th’upper part. * Spenfer.
If that rebellion
Came like itfelf in bafe and abje£b routs,
Led on by bloody youth, goaded with rage,
And countenanced by boys and beggary.
You, reverend father, then had not been there. Shakefp.
Farmers were to forfeit their holds in cafe of unlawful re¬
tainer, or partaking in routs and unlawful affemblies. Bacon.
Such a tacit league is againft fuch routs and fhowls, as have
utterly degenerated from the laws of nature. Bacon.
Nor do I name of men the common rout,
That wandring loofe about,
Grow up and perifb, as the fummer fly. Milton's Agonijles.
The mad ungovernable rout,
Full of confufion and the fumes of wine.
Lov’d fuch variety and antick tricks. Rofcommcn.
Harley fpies
The doctor faften’d by the eyes
At Charing-crofs among the rout,
Where painted monfters are hung out. Swift.
2. [Route, Fr.J Confufion of an army defeated or difperfed.
Thy army,
As if they could not ftand when thou wer’t down,
Difpers’d in rout, betook them all to fly. Daniel.
Their mightieft quell’d, the battle fwerv’d,
With many an inrode gor’d ; deformed rout
Enter’d, and foul diforder. Milton s Par. Loji, b. vi.
To Rout. v. a. To diffipate and put into confufion by defeat.
The next way to end the wars with him, and to rout him
quite, fhould be to keep him from invading of thofe countries
adjoining. Spenfer on Ireland.
That party of the king’s horfe, that charged the Scots,
fo totally routed and defeated their whole army, that they
fled. Clarendon, b. viii*
To Rout. v. n. To affemble in clamorous and tumultuous
crouds.
The meaner fort routed together, and fuddenly affailing the
earl in his houfe, flew him. Bacon's Henry V11.
Route. n.J'. [route, Fr.J Road; way.
Wide through the fuzzy field their route they take,
Their bleeding bofoms force the thorny brake. Gay.
Row. n.f [red?, German.] A rank or file ; a number of
things ranged in a line.
Lips never part, but that they fliow
Of precious pearl the double iozu. Sidney, b. ii.
After them all --ancmg d on a row,
The comely virgins came with garlands dight.
As frefh as flowres. " Fairy Queen, b. i.
Where
R O Y
Where any row
Of truit trees, ovcrwoody, reach’d too far
Their pamper’d boughs, and needed hands to check
Fruitlefs embraces Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. v.
A triple mounted row of pillars, laid
On wheels. Milton s Paradife Lojl, b. vi.
Where the bright feraphim in burning row,
Their loud uplifted angel trumpets blow. Milton.
The vidor honour’d with a nobler veft,
Where gold and purple drive in equal rows. Dryden.
Why round our coaches crowd the white-glov’d beaux.
Why bows the fidebox from its inmoft rows. Pope.
To ROW. v. n. [popan, Saxon.] To impel a veffel in the
water by oars.
He faw them toiling in rowing ; for the wind was con¬
trary. Mark vi. 48.
Some of thefe troughs or canoes were fo great, that above
twenty men have been found rowing in one. Abbot.
The bold Britons then fecurely row'd;
Charles and his virtue was their (acred load. Waller.
The watermen tur ned their barge, and rowed foftly, that
they might take the cool of the evening. Dryden.
The rouing crew,
To tempt a fare, clothe all their tilts in blue. Gay.
To Row- v. a. To drive or help forward by oars.
The fvvan rows her date with oary feet. Milton.
Rowel. n.f [rcuiilo, Fr.]
1. The points of a fpur turning on an axis.
He gave his able horfe the head.
And, bending forward, druck his agile heels
Againd the panting Tides of his poor jade
Up to the rowel head. Sbakefp. Henry IV. p. ii.
A rider like myfelf, who ne’er wore rowel
Nor iron on his heel. Shakefp. Cymbelim.
A mullet is the rowel of a fpur, and hath never but live
points j a dar hath fix. . Peacham on Blazoning.
He fpurr’d his fiery deed
With goring rowels, to provoke his fpeed. Dryden.
2. A feton ; a roll of hair or filk put into a wound to hinder
it from healing, and provoke a difeharge.
To Ro'wel. v. a. To pierce through the Ikin, and keep the
wound open by a rowel.
Rowel the horfe in the ched. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Ro'wen. n.f.
Rowen is a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the
corn left on the ground may fprout into green. Notes on Tuffer,
Then fpare it for rowen, til Michel be pad.
To lengthen thy dairie, no better thou had. Tuffer.
Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens, till
fiiovv comes. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Ro'weR. n.f. [from rozv.J One that manages an oar.
Fourgallies fird, which equal rowers bear,
Advancing in the watry lids, appear. Dryden.
The bilhop of Salifbury ran down with the dream thirty
miles in an hour, by the help of but one rower. Addifon.
RO/YAL. adj, [roial, Fr.J
1. Kingly; belonging to a king ; becoming a king; regal.
I he royal dock of David. Milton.
Thrice happy they, who thus in woods and groves,
From courts retired, poflefs their peaceful loves :
Of royal maids how wretched is the fate ! Granville.
2. Noble; illudrious.
What news from Venice ?
How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio ? Sbakefp.
Royalist. n.f [from royal.] Adherent to a king.
Where Candifh fought, the royalijls prevail’d.
Neither his’courage nor hisjudgment fail’d. Waller.
The old church of England royalijls, another name for a
man who prefers his c-onlciencc before his intereds, are the
mod meritorious fubjeds in the world, as having pafi’ed all
thofe terrible teds, which domineering malice could put them
to, and carried their credit and their confcience clear. South.
To Ro'yalize. v. a. [from royal.] To make royal.
Ere you were queen, ay, or your hufband king,
To royalize his blood, I fpilt mine own. Shakefp.
Ro'yally. adv. [from royal.] In a kingly manner ;* regally j
as becomes a king.
It /hull be my care.
To have you royally appointed. Shakefp. Wint. Tale.
His body fhali be royally interr’d.
And the lad funeral pomps adorn his herfe. Dryden.
Ro yA ltv. n.f [roialtey Fr.j
K Kingfhip ; character or office of a king.
Suppofe, that you have feen
1 ne well appointed king at Hampton peer,
Embark his royalty. Shakefp. Henry V,
Draw, you rafeal; you come with letters againd the king,
and take vanity the puppet’s part againd the royalty of her
father. _ # Shakefp. King Lear.
He will lofe his head, ere give confent.
His madcr’s fon, as worfhipfully he terms it.
Shall lofe the royalty of England’s throne. Shakefp.
If they had held their royalties by this title, either there
RUB
mud have been but one fovereign. or elfe every father of a
family had as good a claim to royalty as thefe. Locke,
2. State of a king.
I will, alas ! be wretched to be great.
And figh in royalty, and grieve in date. Prior.
3. Emblems of royalty.
Wherefore do I adiime
Thefe royalties, and not refufe to reign. Milton;
ToRoyne. v.a. [rognery Fr.] To gnaw; to bite. Spenfer.
Ro'ynish. adj. [rogneuxy hr. mangy, paltry.] Paltry; forry ;
mean ; rude.
The royriifh clown, at whom fo oft
Your grace was wont to laugh, is alfo miffing. Sbakefp.
To RUB. v. a. \_rhubio, Welfh; reiben, German, to wipe.J
1. Jo clean or finooth any thing by paifing fomething over it;
to fcour ; to wipe ; to perfricate.
2. To touch fo as to have fomething of that which touches
behind.
Their draw-built citadel new rul'd with balm. Milton.
In narrow clefts, in the monument that dands over him,
catholicks rub their beads, and fmell his bones, which they
fay have in them a natural perfume, though' very like apopledick balfom ; and what would make one fufped, that they
rub the marble with it, it is obferved, that the feent is dronger
in the morning than at night. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
3. I o move one body upon another.
Took, how fhe rubs her hands.
—It is an accudomed adion with her, to feem thus waft¬
ing her hands. Shakejp Macbeth.
The bare rubbing of two bodies violently produces heat,
and often fire. Loc^
Two bones, rubbed hard againd one another, produce a
fetid fmell. ^ Arbuthnot on Aliments.
4. To obftrud by collifion.
’Tis the duke’s pleafure,
Whofe difpofition all the world well know.
Will not be rubb'd nor dop’d. Shakefp. King Lear.
5. To polifli; to retouch.
The whole bufinefs of our redemption is, to rub over the
defaced copy of the creation, to reprint God’s image upon
the foul. Scuth'
6. To remove by fridion.
A forcible objed will rub out the freflied colours at a
ftroke, and paint others. Collier of the Afpedi.
If their minds are well principled with inward civility, a
great part of the roughnels, which dicks to the outfide for
want of better teaching, time, and obfervation, will rub off;
but if ill, all the rules in the world will not polifh them. Lockr.
7. To touch hard.
He, who before he was efpied, was afraid, after beina per¬
ceived, was afhamed, now being hardly rubbed upon*, left
both fear and fhame, and was moved to anger. Sidney.
8. To Rub down. To clean or curry a horfe.
When his fellow beads are weary grown,
He’ll play the groom, give oats, and rub ’em down. Dryd.
9. To Rub up. To excite ; to awaken.
You will find me not to have rubbed up the memory of
what fome heretofore in the city did. South.
10. do Rub up. To polifli; to retouch.
To Rub. v. n.
1. To fret; to make a fridion.
This lad allufion gaul’d the panther more,
Becaufe indeed it rubb'd upon the fore;
Yet leem’d fhe not to winch, though fhrewdly pain’d. Dry.
2. To get through difficulties.
Many a lawyer, when once hampered, rub off as well as
they can. L'Ejlrange.
’Tis z3 much as one can do, to rub through the world,
though perpetually a doing. L'Ejlrange.
Rub. n.f [from the verb.]
I. Collifion; hindrance; obdrudion.
The breath of what I mean to fpeak
Shall blow each dud, each draw, each little rub
Out of the path, which fliall diredly lead
Thy foot to England’s throne. Shakefp. King John.
Now every rub is fmoothed in our way. Shakefp.
Thofe you make friends.
And give your hearts to, when they once perceive
The lead rub in your fortunes, fall away. Shakefp.
Upon this ruby the Englifh embafladors thought fit to de¬
mur, and fent to receive diredions. Hayzvard.
He expounds the giddy wonder
Of my weary deps, and under
Spreads a path clear as the day,
Where no churlifli rub fays nay. Crajhaw.
He that once fins, like him that Aides on ice,
Goes fwiftly down the flippery ways of vice ;
Though confcience checks him, yet thofe rubs gone o'er.
He Aides on fmoothly, and looks back no more. Dryden.
An hereditary right is to be preferred before eledion ; be¬
caufe the government is fo diipofed, that it almod executes
itfelf: and upon the death of a prince, the adminidration
goes on without any rub or interruption. Swift.
, a. Fricafion ;
RUB
1.
2.
<i. Frication; a& of rubbing. . :
O. Inequality of ground, that hinders the motion of a bowl.
We’ll play at bowls.
_’Twill make me think the world is full of rubs,
And that my fortune runs againft the bias. Shakefp.
a Difficulty ; caufe of uneafinel's.
To deep ; perchance to dream ; ay, there’s the rub. Sha.
Rub-stone. n.f [rub an&Jiorte:] A ftone to fcour or fharpen.
A cradle for barlie, with rub-Jlone and fand. Tuffer.
Ru'bbeR. n.f I from rub.]
One that rubs.
The inftrument with which one rubs.
Servants blow the fire with puffing cheeks, and lay
The rubbers, and the bathing fheets difplay. Dryden.
Rub the dirty tables with the napkins, for it will fave your
wearing out the common rubbers. Swift.
3. A coarfe file.
The rough or coarfe file, if large, is called a rubber, and
takes off the unevennefs which the hammer made in the
forcing. Moxon's Mechanical Exercifes.
4. A game ; a conteft ; twb games out of three.
The afs was to ftand by, to fee two boobies try their title
to him by a rubber of cuffs. L'Eflrange.
If butchers had but the manners to go to (harps', gentlemen
would be contented with a rubber at cuffs. Collier on Duelling.
5. A whetftone. Ainj.
Rubi'can. adj. [rubican, Fr.] Rubicon colour of a horfe is
one that is bay, forrel, or black, with a light, grey, or white
upon the flanks, but fo that this grey or white is not predomi¬
nant there. Far. Difi.
Ru'bbac.e. ) n. f. [from rub ; as perhaps meaning, at firft.
Ru bbish. 3 duff made by rubbing. Rubbage is not ufed.]
1. Ruins of building 3 fragments of matter ufed in building.
What trafh is Rome ?
What rubbijh, and what offal ? when it ferves
For the bafe matter to illuminate
So vile a thing as Csefar. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
Such conceits feem too fine among this rubbage. Wotton.
A fabrick, though high and beautiful, if founded on rub¬
bijh, is eafily made the triumph of the winds. Glanv. Scepf.
When the foundation of a ftate is once loofened, the leaft
commotion lays the whole in rubbijh. L'Eflrange.
Th’ Almighty caff a pitying eye.
He faw the town’s one half in rubbijh lie. Dryden.
The enemy hath avoided a battle, and taken a furer way
to confume us, by letting our courage evaporate againft ftones
and rubbijh. Swift.
2. Confufion ; mingled mafs.
That noble art of political lying ought not to lie any longer
in rubbijh and confufion. Arbuthnofs Hiflory ofJohn Bull.
3. Any thing vile and worthlefs.
Rubble-stone, n.J.
Rubbleflones owe their name to their being rubbed and
worn by the water, at the latter end of the deluge, departing
in hurry and with great precipitation. Woodward.
Ru'bicund. adj. [rubiconde, Fr. rubicundus, L,zt.] Inclining to
rednefs. Di£i.
Ru'bied. adj. [from ruby.] Red as a ruby.
Thrice upon thy fingers tip,
Thrice upon thy rubied lip. Milton.
Angels food, and rubied nedtar flows
In pearl, in diamond, and in maffy gold. Milton.
RubTfick. adj. [ruber and facio, Lat.] Making red.
While the feveral fpecies of rays, as the rubifick, are by
refradfion feparated one from another, they retain thofe mo¬
tions proper to each. Grew s Cofmol.
To Ru'bify. v. a. To make red.
This topically applied, becomes a phaenigmus or rubifying
medicine, and of fuch fiery parts as to conceive fire of themfelves, and burn a houfe. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Not ufed.
and make
Macbeth'.
Milton.
Ainf.
. Shak.
RuBious. adj. [rubeus, Lat.] Ruddy 3 red.
Diana’s lip
Is not more fmooth and rubious. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Rubricated, adj. [from rubrica, Lat.] Smeared with red.
Ru'brick. n.f. [rubrique, Fr. rubrica, Lat.] Diredfions printed
in books of law and in prayer books3 fo termed, becaufe
they were originally diftinguifhed by being in red ink.
No date prefix’d,
Diredls me in the ftarry rubrick fet. Milton's Par. Reg.
They had their particular prayers according to the feveral
days and months ; and their tables or rubricks to inftrudl
them. Stillingfleet.
Ru'brick. adj. Red.
The light and rays, which appear red, or rather make ob¬
jects appear fo, I call rubrick or red-making. Newton.
What though my name flood rubrick on the walls. Pope.
To Ru'brick. v. a. [from the noun.] To adorn with red.
Ru biform. adj. [ruber, Lat. and form.] Having the form of
red.
Of thofe rays, which pafs clofe by the fnow, the rubiform
will be the leaft refradted; and fo come to the eye in the direaeft lines. Newton's Opticks.
R U D
r N
RU'BY. n.f [from ruber, Lat.]
1. A precious ftone of a red colour, next in hardnefs and value
to a diamond.
Up, up, fair bride ! and call
Thy ftars from out their feveral boxes, take
Thy rubies, pearls, and diamonds forth, anc
Thyfelf a conftellation of them all: Donne.
Melpomene would be repreferited like a manly lady, upon
her head a drefling of pearl, diamonds, and rubies. Peacham.
Crowns were on their royal fcutcheons plac d,
With faphires, diamonds, and with rubies grac’d. Dryden.
2. Rednefs.
You can behold fuch fights,
And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks.
When mine is blanch’d with fear. Shakefp
3. Any thing red.
Defire of wine
Thou could’ft reprefs, nor did the dancing ruby
Sparkling, out-pour’d, the flavour, or the fmell;
Or tafte, that cheers the hearts of gods and meii.
Allure thee from the cool cryftalline ftream.
4. A blain; a blotch; a carbuncle.
Ru'by. adj. [from the noun ] Of a red colour.
Wounds, like dumb mouths, do ope their rub‘y lips
Diana’s lip
Is not more fmooth and ruby than thy fmall pipe
Is at the maiden’s organ fhrill and found. Shakefp.
Ructa'tion. n. f [rufto, Lat.] A belching arifing from
wind and indigeftion.
To Rud. v. a. [pubu, Saxon, rednefs.] To make red.
Her cheeks, like apples, which the fun had rudded. Spenf.
Ru'dder. n.f. [roeder, Dutch.]
1. The inftrument at the ftern of a veffel, by which its courfe
is governed.
My heart was to thy rudder ty’d by th’ firing.
And thou fhould’ft towe me after. Shakefp.
They loofed the rudder bands, and hoifed up the main-fail,
and made toward fhore. ' Afts xxvii. 40.
Thofe, that attribute unto the faculty any firft or foie
power, have therein no other underftanding, than fuch a one
hath, who, looking into the ftern of a fhip, and finding it
guided by the helm and rudder, doth aferibe fome abfolute
virtue to the piece of wood, without all confideration of the
hand that guides it. Raleigh's Hiflory of the World.
Fifties firft to (hipping did impart;
Their tail the rudder, and their head the prow. Dryden.
Thou held’ft the rudder with a fteady hand.
Till fafely on the fhore the bark did land. Dryden.
2. Any thing that guides or governs the courfe.
Ru'ddiness. [from ruddy.] The quality of approaching to
rednefs.
The ruddinefs upon her lip is wet;
You’ll mar it, if you kifs it. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
If the flefh lofe its ruddinefs, and look pale and withered,
you may fufpedt it corrupting. Wifeniah's Su gery.
Ru'ddle. n.f. [rudul, Iflandick.] Redearth.
Ruddle owes its colour to an admixture of iron ; and as that
is in greater or lefs proportion, it is of a greater or lefs fpecifick gravity, confidence, or hardnefs. Woodward.
Ru'ddock. n.f. [rubecula, Lat.] A kind of bird.
Of finging birds, they have linnets, and ruddocks. Carew.
RU'DDY. adj. [pubu, Saxon.]
1. Approaching to rednefs ; pale red.
We may fee tHe old man in a morning,
Lufty as health, come ruddy to the field,
And there purfue the chafe, as if he meant
To o’ertake time, and bring back youth again.
New leaves on ev’ry bough were feen;
Some ruddy colour’d, fome of lighter green.
Ten wildings have I gather’d for my dear ;
How ruddy like your lips their ftreaks appear !
Ceres, in her prime.
Seems fertile, and with ruddiejl freight bedeckt
2. Yellow. Ufed, if to be ufed at all, only in poetry.
A crown of ruddy gold inclos’d her brow.
Plain without pomp. Dryden:
RUDE. adj. [pebe, Saxon ; rudis, Lat.]
1. Rough; favage ; coarfe of manners; uncivil; brutal.
Ruffian, let go that rude uncivil touch ;
Thou friend of an ill fafhion. Shakefp.
Vane’s bold anfwers, termed rude and ruffian-like, fur¬
thered his condemnation. Hayward.
You can with fingle look inflame
The coldeft breaft, the rudefl tame. Waller.
It has been fo ufual to write prefaces, that a man is thought
rude to his reader, who does not give him lome account
beforehand. Waljh.
2. Violent; tumultuous ; boifterbus ; turbulent.
Clouds pufh’d with winds rude in their fltock. Milton.
The water appears white near the fhore, and a fhip; be¬
caufe the rude agitation breaks it into foam. Boyle.
Otway.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Philips.
22 D 3,Turbulent
Waller.
' R U D
3. fulfil ; inclpnrrnt.
Spring dues to flow’ry meadows bring,
What the rude winter from them tore.
4. Ignorantraw; untaught.
Though I be rude in fpecch, yet not in knowledge. 2 Cor.
He was yet but rude in the profeflion of arms, though
greedy of honour. JVotton's Buckingham.
Such tools as art yet rude bad form’d. Milton.
5. [Rude, Fr.] Rugged; uneven; fhapelefs.
It was the cuftom to worfhip rude and unpolifhed Rones.
Stillingfleet.
6. Artlefs ; inelegant.
I would know what ancient ground of authority he hath
for fuch a fenfelefs fable ; and if he have any of the rude
Irilh books. Spenfer.
One example may ferve, till you review the iEneis in the
original, unblemifhed by my rude tranflation. Dryden.
7. Such as may be done with flrength without art.
To his country farm the fool confin’d ;
Rude work well luited with a ruRick mind. JDryden.
Ri/Ejely. adv. [from rude.J ,
X. lil a rude manner.
Whether to knock again(1 the gates of Rome,
Or rudely vifit them in parts remote,
To fright them ere deflroy. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
2. Without exadlncfs ; without nicety ; coarfely:
I that am not fhap’d for fportive tricks,
I that am rudely ftampt, and want love’s majefly
To ftrut before a wanton ambling nymyh. Shakefp.
3. Unfkilfully.
My mufe, though rudely, has rciign’d
Some faint refemblance of his godlike mind. Dryden.
4. Violently; boifteroufly.
With his truncheon he fo rudely Rroke
Cymocles twice, that twice him forced his foot revoke. Spen.
Ri/deness. n. f. [rudcjfc, Fr. from rude.]
1. Coarfenefs of manners; incivility.
This rudenefs is a fauce to his good wit,
Which gives men flomach to digeft his words
With better appetite. Shakefp. 'Julius Ceefar.
The publick will in triumphs rudely fhare.
And kings the rudenc s of their joy muR bear. Dryden.
The rudenefs, tyranny, the oppreffion, and ingratitude of
the late favourites towards their miflrefs, were no longer to
be born. Swift's Mifcellanies.
2. Ignorance; unfkilfulnefs.
What he did amifs, was rather through rudenefs and want
of judgment, than any malicious meaning. Hayward.
3. Artlefsnels ; inelegance ; coarfenefs.
Let be thy bitter fcorn,
And leave the rudenefs of that antique age
To them, that liv’d therein in Rate forlorn. Fairy Sfhieen.
4. Violence; boiReroufnefs.
The ram, that batters down the wall.
For the great fwing and rudenefs of his poize.
They place before his hand that made the engine. Shakefp.
5. Storminefs ; rigour.
You can hardly be too fparing of water to your boufed
plants ; the not obferving of this, deflroys more plants than
all the rudeneffes of the feafon. Evelyn s Kalendar.
Rl/DENTURE n.f [French.J In architecture, the figure of
a rope or Raff, fometimes plain and fometimes carved, where¬
with the flutings of columns are frequently filled up. Bailey.
Ru'derary. aft. [rudera^ Lat.] Belonging to rubbifli. Diet.
Rudera'tion. n.f. In architecture, the laying of a pave¬
ment with pebbles or little Rones. Bailey.
Ru'desby. n.f. [from rude.] An uncivil turbulent fellow. A
low word, now little ufed.
I muR be forced
To give my hand, oppofed againR my heart,
Unto a mad-brain rudefby, full of fpleen. Shakefp.
Out of my fight, » udcjby be gone. hhakeJp.
RU'PIMENT. n.f. [rudiment, Fr. rudimentum, Lat.]
1. The firR principles ; the firfl elements of a fcience.
Such as were trained up in the rudiments, and were fo
made fit to be by baptifm received into the church, the fathers
ufually term hearers. Hooker.
'Fo learn the order of my fingering,
I muR begin with rudiments of art. Shakefp.
Thou foon fhalt quit
Thofe rudiments, and fee before thine eyes
The monarchies of th’earth, their pomp, and Rate,
Sufficient introduction to inform
I bee, of thyfelf fo apt, in regal arts. Milton's Par. Reg.
Could it be believed, that a child Riould be forced to learn
the rudiments of a language, which he is never to ufe, and
neglect the writing a good hand, and cafiing accounts. Locke.
2. The firR part of education.
lie was nurtured where he was born in his firR rudiments,
till the years of ten, and then taught the principles of
nrufick. JVotton's Life of Villiers.
The fklll and rudiments auflere of war. Philips.
R U Fji
3.The firR, inaccurate, unRiapen beginning or original of any
tiling,
Mofs is but the rudiment of a plant, and the mould of
earth or bark. Bacon's Natural Hifory.
1 he rudiments of nature are very unlike the grofler ap¬
pearances. Glanvill's Scepf
So looks our monarch on this early fight,
Th effay and rudiments of great fuccefs,
VVhich all-maturing time muR bring to light. Dryden.
Shall that man pretend to religious attainments, who is de¬
fective and fliort in moral ? which are but the rudiments, the
beginnings, and firR draught of religion; as religion is the
perfection, refinement, and fublimation of morality. South.
God beholds the firR imperfect rudiments of virtue in the
foul, and keeps a watchful eye over it, till it has received
every grace it is capable of. Jddfon's Spectator.
The fappy boughs
Attire themfelves with blooms, fvveet rudiments
Of future harveR. Philips.
Rudime'ntal. adj. [from rudiment.] Initial; relatino- to
firR principles.
Your firR rudimcntal eflays in fpectatorfliip were made in
my Riop, where you often praclifed for hours. Spectator.
1 o Rue. v. a. [peoprian, Saxon.] To grieve for ; to reoret:
to lament.
Thou tempteR me in vain ;
To tempt the thing which daily yet I rue,
And the old caule of my continued pain,
With like attempts to like end to renew. Fairy ffhieen.
You’ll rue the time.
That clogs me with this anfwer. Shakefp,
France, thou fhalt <ue this treafon with thy tears,
It I albot but furvive. Shakefp. Henry VL
There are two councils held ;
And that may be determin’d at the one.
Which may make you and him to rue at th’ other. Shak.
Oh ! treacherous was that breaR, to whom you
Did truR our counfels, and we both may rue, " .
Having his falfiiood found too late, ’twas he
'I hat made me caR you guilty, and you me. Donne.
I rue
1 hat error now, which is become my crime. Milton.
AgainR this, thy will
Chofe freely what it now fo juflly rues. Milton.
Rue. n.f. [rue, Fr. ruta, Lat.] An herb called, herb of grace,
becaufe holy water was fprinkled with it.
1 he flower of rue for the moR part confiRs of four hollow
leaves, which are placed orbicularly, and expand in form of
a rofe; out of wliofe flower-cup riles the pointal, which af¬
terward becomes a roundifli fruit, which is generally four
cornered, and compofed of four cells fixed to an hard Riell
of fmall angular feeds. Miller.
What favor is better.
For places infected, than wormwood and rue. Puffer.
Here did Rie drop a tear; here, in this place.
I’ll let a bank of rue, four herb of grace ;
Pue, even for Ruth, here fliortly fhall be feen.
In the remembrance of a weeping queen. Shakefp. Rich. II.
The wealel, to encounter the ferpent, arms herfelf with
eating of rue. More's Antidote againfl Atheifm.
Rue'ful adj. [rue full.] Mournful; woful; forrowful.
When we have our armour buckled on.
The venom’d vengeance ride upon our fwords.
Spur them to rueful work, rein them from ruth. Shakefp.
Cocytus, nam’d of lamentation loud.
Heard on the rueful Rream. Milton's Paradife Loft.
He figh’d, and caR a ruefid eye ;
Our pity kindles, and our paffions die. Dryden.
Ruefully, adv. [from rueful.] Mournfully; forrowfully.
Why Riould an ape run away from a fnail, and very rue¬
fully and frightfully look back, as being afraid ? More.
RueTulness. n.f[fromrueful.] Sorrowfulnefs; mournfulnels.
RUE LLE. n. J. [French.] A circle ; an affembly at a pri¬
vate houfe.
The poet, who flouriflied in the feene, is condemned in
the ruelle. Dryden s Preface to sEneis.
Ruff. n.f. A puckered linen ornament, formerly worn about
the neck. See Ruffle.
You a captain ; for what ? for tearing a whore’s ruff in a
bawdy houfe l Shakefp. Henry IV. p. ii.
We’ll revel it,
With ruffs^ and cuffs, and fardingals. Shakefp.
Like an uproar in the town, 1
Before them every thing went down, £
Some tore a ruft\ and lome a gown. Drayton. }
Sooner may a gulling weather fpy.
By drawing forth hcav’n’s fcheme tell certainly.
What faRiion’d hats, or ruffs, or fuits next year,
Our giddy-headed antick youth will wear. Donne.
\ he ladies freed the neck from thole yokes, thofe linnen
ruffs in which the fimplicity of their grandmothers had encloled it. Addifons Gua'Man, ioo.
I rear’d
2.
RUF
I rear’d this flow’r,
Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I fpread. Pope.
[From rough fcales.J A final 1 river fifh.
A ruff or pope is much like the pearch for fhape, and
taken to be better, but will not grow bigger than a gudgeon :
he is an excellent fifh and of a pleafant tafte. Walton.
A flate of roughnefs. Obfolete.
R U I
and inforce them to find as
Bacon's Henry VII.
As all
Chapman's Iliads.
meaning of this cant
Odyjfey.
to raife
fields fet
thou.
4 New ftate. This feems to be the
word.
How many princes that, in the ruff of all their glory,
have been taken down from the head of a conquering army
to the wheel of the victor’s chariot. L'Ejirangc.
Ru'ffi av. n.J. [rufflano, Italian ; rufflen, Fr. a bawd \ roffver,
Danifh, to pillage; perhaps it may be belt derived from
rough.] A brutal, boifterous, mifehievous fellow j a cut¬
throat ; a robber ; a murderer.
Ruffian, let go that rude uncivil touch,
Thou friend of an ill fafhion ! Shakefp. Two Gent, ofVer.
Have you a ruffan that will 1wear ? drink ? dance t
Revel the night ? rob ? murder ? Shakefp. Henry IV.
Sir Ralph Vane’s bold anfwers termed rude and ruffan like,
falling into years apt to take offence, furthered his condem¬
nation. Hayward.
The boafted anceftors of thefe great men,
Whofe virtues you admire, were all fuch ruffans,
This dread of nations, this almighty Rome,
That comprehends in her wide empire’s bounds
All under heaven, was founded on a rape. Addifon s Cato.
Ru'ffian. adj. brutal j favagely boifterous.
Experienc’d age
May timely intercept the ruffian rage,
Convene the tribes. Pope's
To Ru'ffian. v.n. [from the noun.] To rage ;
tumults ; to play the ruffian. Not in ufe.
A fuller blalt ne’er fhook our battlements •>
If it hath ruffan d fo upon the fea.
What ribs of oak, when mountains melt on them,
Can hold the mortife. ShakeJp. Othello.
To Ru'ffle. v. a. [luyffclen, Dutch, to wrinkle.]
1. To diforder ; to put out of form j to make lefs fmooth.
Naughty lady,
Thefe hairs, which thou doff ravifh from my chin,
Will quicken and accufe thee ; I’m your hoft ;
With robbers hands, my hofpitable favour
You fhould not ruffle thus. Shakefp. King Lear.
In changeable tafreties, differing colours emerge and vanifh upon the ruffling of the fame piece of filk., Boyle.
As you come here to ruffle vizard punk ;
When fober rail, and roar when you are drunk. Dryden.
As Ihe firft began to rife,
She fmooth’d the ruffled leas, and clear’d the ficies. Dryden.
Bear me, fome god ! oh quickly bear me hence
To wholfome folitude, the nurfie of fenfe ;
Where contemplation prunes her / uffled wings,
And the free foul looks down to pity kings.
2. To difeompofe; to diffurb ; to put out of temper.
Were I Brutus,
And Brutus, Antony, there were an Antony
Would ruffle up your fpirits, and put a tongue
In every wound of Caefar, that fhould move
The ftones of Rome to rife and mutiny.
We are tranfported by paffions, and our minds ruffled by
the diforders of the body; nor yet can we tell, how the foul
fhould be affe£ted by fuch kind of agitations. Glanvill.
3. To put out of order ; to furprife.
The knight found out
Th’ advantage of the ground, where beft
He might the ruffl'd foe infeft.
4. To throw diforderly together.
Within a thicket I repos’d, when round
I ruffl’d up fal’n leaves in heap, and found.
Let fall from heaven, a deep interminate. Chapman.
5. To contract into plaits.
A fmall fkirt of fine ruffled linnen, running along the upper
part of the flays before, is called the modefty-piece. Addifon.
To Ru'ffle. v. n.
To grow rough or turbulent.
The night comes on ; and the high winds
Do forely ruffle, for many miles about
There’s fcarce a bufh. Shakefp. King Lear.
They would ruffle with jurors,
they would diredt.
Ru'ffle. n.f [from the verb.]
Plaited linnen ufed as an ornament.
The tucker is a flip ol fine linnen, run in a fmall kind
of ruffle round the uppermoff verge of the women’s flays.
Addifon.
1.
their briffles up j in fucli a ruff wert 2. Difturbance j contention > tumult.
be worn by a
Bailey.
Pope.
Shakefp.
Hudibras, p. i.
J.
The rifing winds a ruffling gale afford.
2. To be in loofe motion ; to flutter.
The fiery courfer, when he hears from far
The fprightly trumpets and the fhouts of war.
On his right fhoulder his thick mane reclin’d,
Ruffles at fpeed, and dances in the wind.
3. To be rough ; to jar; to be in contention.
A valiant fon-in-law thou fhalt enjoy j
One fit to bandy with thy lawlefs fons.
To ruffle in the commonwealth of Rome.
Conceive the mind’s perception of fome objedt, and
the confequent ruffle or fpecial commotion of the blood.
Watts.
Ru'fterhood. n. f. In falconry, a hood to
hawk when (he is firft drawn.
Rug. n.f. [rugget, rough, Swedifh.]
1. A coarfe, nappy, woollen cloath.
January muff, be expreffed with a horrid and fearful afpedt,
clad in Irifh rug or coarfe freeze. Pea.ham on Drawing.
2. A coarfe nappy coverlet ufed for mean beds.
A rug was o’er his fhoulders thrown j
A rug ; for night-gown he had none. Swift’s Mifcel.
3. A rough woolly dog.
Mungrels, fpaniels, curs,
Shoughes, water rugs, and demy wolves are cleped
All by the name of dogs. ShakeJp. Macbeth.
RU'GGED. adj. [rugget, Swedifh.]
1. Rough ; full of unevennefs and afperity.
Nature, like a weak and weary traveller.
Tir’d with a tedious and rugged v\ ay. Denham
Since the earth revolves not upon a material and rugged,
but a geometrical plane, their proportions may be varied in
innumerable degrees. Bentley.
2. Not neat j not regular.
His hair is flicking ;
His well- proportion’d beard made rough and rugged,
Like to the fummer’s corn by tempeft lodg’d. Shakefp.
3. Savage of temper ; brutal; rough.
The greateft favours to fuch an one neither foften nor
win upon him; they neither melt nor endear him, but
leave him as hard, as rugged, and as unconcerned as ever.
South's Sermons.
4. Stormy; rude ; tumultuous ; turbulent; tempeftuous.
Now bind my brows with iron, and approach'
The rugged’f hour thattime and fpite dare bring.
To frown upon th’ enrag’d Northumberland. Shakefp.
5. Rough or harfti to the ear.
A monofyllable line turns verfe to profe, and even that
profe is rugged and unharmonious. Dryden’s Dedic. to ALneis.
6. Sour ; furly; difeompofed.
Sleek o’er your rugged looks.
Be bright and jovial ’mong your guefls to-night. Shakefp,
7. Violent; rude ; boifterous.
Fierce Talgol, gath’ring might.
With rugged truncheon charg’d the knight.
8. Rough j fhaggy.
Through forefts wild,
To chafe the lion, boar, or rugged bear.
Ru'ggedlv. adv. [from rugged.] In a rugged manner.
Ru'ggedness. [from rugged.]
1. The ftate or quality of being rugged.
2. Roughnefs ; afperity.
Hardnefs and ruggednefs is unpleafant to the touch. Bacon.
Syrups immediately abate and demulee the hoarfenefs and
violence of a cough, by mollifying the ruggednefs of the in¬
tern tunick of the gullet. Harvey.
This foftnefs of the foot, which yields and fits itfelf to t-he
ruggednefs and unevennefs of the roads, does render it lefs
capable of being worn. Ray on the Creation.
Ru'gjn. n.f. A nappy cloth.
The lips grew fo painful, that fhe could not endure the
wiping the ichor from it with a foft rugin with her own
hand. Wijeman’s Surgery.
Ru'gine. n.f [rugine, Fr.] A chirurgeon’s rafp.
If new flefh fhould not generate, bore little orifices into
the bone, or rafp it with the rugine. Sharp.
Rugo'se. adj. [rugo/us, Lat] Full of wrinkles.
It is a relaxation of the fphindter to fuch a degree, that
the internal rugofe coat of the
beareth down.
RU'IN. n.f. [mine, Fr. ruina, Lat.]
Hudibras.
Fairfax.
inteftine turneth out, and
Wifeman's Surgery.
1.
2.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Out of ufe.
Shakefp.
The fall or deftrudtion of cities or edifices.
The remains of building demolifhed.
The Veian and the Gabian tow’rs fhall fall.
And one promifeuous uiin cover all;
Nor, after length of years, a ftone betray
The place where once the very ruins lay. Addifnr
Judah fhall fall, opprefs’d by grief and fhame
And men fhall from her ruins know her fame. * Prior.
Such a fool was never found.
Who pull’d a palace to the ground,
Only to have the ruins made
Materials for a houfe decay’d. Swift.
3. Deftrudtion ;
R U L
3. Deftru&ion ; lofs of happinefs or fortune ; overthrow.
He parted frowning from me, as if ruin
Leapt from his eyes. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Thofe whom Clod to ruin has defign’d.
He fits for fate, and firft deftroys their mind. Dryden.
4. Mifchief; bane.
The errors of voungmon are the ruin of bufinefs. Bacon.
Havock, andfpoil, and ruin are my gain. Milton.
To Ru'in. v. a. [ruiner, Fr. from the noun.J
1. To fubvert ; to demolifh.
A nation loving gold muft rule this place,
Our temples ruin, and our rites deface. Dryden.
2. To deftroy ; to deprive of felicity or fortune.
By thee rais’d I ruin all my foes. Milton:
Difpofc all honours of the fword and gown,
Grace with a nod, and ruin with a frown. Dryden.
A confident dependence ill-grounded creates fuch a negli¬
gence, as will certainly ruin us in the end. Wake.
3. To impoverilh.
She would ruin me in filks, were not the quantity that goes
to a large pincufhion fufficient to make her a gown and petti¬
coat. Addijon.
To Ru'in. v. n.
1. To fall in ruins.
Hell heard th’ unfufferable noife, hell faw
Heav’n ruining from heav’n, and would have fled
Affrighted, but ftridl fate had fix’d too deep
Her dark foundations, and too faff had bound. Milton.
2. To run to ruin.
Though he his houfe of polifh’d marble build.
Yet fhall it ruin like the moth’s frail cell.
Or fheds of reeds, which fummer’s heat repel. Sandys.
3. To be brought to poverty or miferv.
If we are idle, and difturb the induftrious in their bufinefs,
we {hall ruin the fafter. Locke.
To Ru'inate. v. a. [from ram. This word is now obfolete.J
1. To fubvert; to demolilh.
I will not ruinate my father’s houfe.
Who gave his blood to lime the {tones together.
And fet up Lancafter, Shakefp. Henry VI. p. iii.
We’ll order well the flate,
That like events may ne’er it ruinate. 1 Shakefp.
2. To bring to meannefs or mifery irrecoverable.
The Romans came to pull down kingdoms; Philip and
Nabis were already ruinated, and now was his turn to be
afiailed. Bacon's War with Spain.
So {hall the great revenger ruinate
Him and his ifiue by a dreadful fate. Sandys.
Ruina'tion. n. f [from ruinate.} Subversion; demolition;
overthrow. Obfolete.
Roman coins were overcovered in the ground, in the hid¬
den ruination of towns by the Saxons. Camden's Remains.
Ru'inous. adj. [ruinofus, Lat. ruineux, Fr.]
1. Fallen to ruin ; dilapidated; demolifhed.
It is lefs dangerous, when divers parts of a tower are de¬
cayed, and the foundation firm, than when the foundation is
ruinous. Hayward.
2. Milchievous ; pernicious ; baneful; deftrudlive.
The birds.
After a night of {form fo ruinous,
Clear’d up their choiceft notes in bufh and fpray,
To gratulate the fweet return of morn. Milton's Par. Reg.
Thofe fucceffes are more glorious, which bring benefit to
the world, than fuch ruinous ones, as are dved in human
blood. Glanvill's Preface to Scepf.
A flop might be put to that ruinous pra&ife of gaming. Sw.
Ru'inously. adv. [from ruinous.]
1. In a ruinous manner.
2. Mifchievoufly ; deftrudively.
If real unealinefles may be admitted to be as deterring as
imaginary ones, his own decree will retort the mod ruinoufy
on himfelf. Decay of Piety.
RULE. n. f. \regula, Lat.]
1. Government; empire; fway; fupreme command.
I am afham’d, that women
Should feek for rule, fupremacy, or fway.
When they are bound to ferve, love, and obey. Shakefp.
May he live
Ever belov’d, and loving may his ride be ! Shakefp.
A wife fervant {ball have rule over a fon that cauleth
fbame. Proverbs xvii. 2.
There being no law of nature nor pofitive law of God,
that determines which is the pofitive heir, the right of fuccefiion; and consequently of bearing rule, could not have
been determined. Locke.
I his makes them apprehenfive of every tendency, to en¬
danger that form of rule eftablifhed by the law of their
country. Addijon s Freeholder, NT 52.
Inflrud me whence this uproar;
And wherefore Vanoe, the fworn friend to Rome,
Should fpurn againft our rule, and {fir
The tributary provinces to war. A. Philips's Briton.
4
R U M
Sev’n years the traytor rich Mycenae Avay’d,
And his ftern rule the groaning land obey'd. Pope.
2. An inftrument by which lines are drawn.
If your influence be quite darn’d up
With black ufurping milts, fome gentle taper,
Though a rufh- candle from the wicker hole
Of fome clay habitation, vifit us
With thy long levell’d rule of ftreaming light. Milton.
, A judicious artift will ufe his eye, but he will truft only to
his rule. South's Sermons.
3. Canon; precept by which the thoughts or adlions are
directed.
Adam s fin did not deprive him of his rule,' but left the
creatures to a reludfation. Bacon.
This little treatife will furnifh you with infallible rules of
judging truly. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
Know’ll with an equal hand to hold the fcale ; 7
See’ll where the reafons pinch, and where they fail, v
And where exceptions o’er the general rule prevail. Dry. }
We profefs to have embraced a religion, which contains
the moft exadl rules for the government of our lives. Tillotf.
We owe to chriftianity the difeovery of the moft certain
and perfect rule of life. Tillotfon.
4. Regularity ; propriety of behaviour.
Some fay he’s mad ; others, that lelfer hate him.
Do call it valiant fury ; but for certain,
He cannot buckle his diflemper’d caufe
Within the belt of rule. Shakefp. Macbeth.
To Rule. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To govern ; to controll; to manage with power and au¬
thority.
It is a purpos’d thing
To curb the will of the nobility ;
SufFer’t, and live with fuch as cannot rule,
Nor ever will be rul'd. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Marg’ret fhall now be queen, and rule the king ;
But I will rule both her, the king, and realm. Shakefp.
A greater power now rul’d him. Milton.
Rome ! ’tis thine alone with awful fway, 7
To rule mankind, and make the world obey, C
Difpofing peace and war thy own majeftick way. Dryd. j
2. To manage.
He fought to take unto him the ruling of the affairs. 1 Mac.
3. To fettle as by a rule.
Had he done it with the pope’s licenfe, his adverfaries muft
have been filent; for that’s a ruled cafe with the fchoolnien* Atterbury.
To Rule. v. n. To have power or command.
Judah yet ruleth with God, and is faithful with the
faints. Hofea xi. 12.
Thrice happy men ! whom God hath thus advanc’d !
Created in his image, there to dwell,
And worlhip him ; and in reward to rule
Over his works. Milton's Paradife Lojl. b. vii.
We fubdue and rule over all other creatures; and ufe for
our own behoof thofe qualities wherein they excel. Ray.
He can have no divine right to my obedience, who cannot
{hew his divine right to the power of ruling over me. Locke.
Ru'lf.r. n.f [fron-ww/*.] -
1. Governour; one that has the fupreme command.
Soon riders grow proud, and in their pride foolifh. Sidney.
God, by his eternal providence, has ordained kings ; and
the law of nature, leaders and rulers over others. Raleigh.
The pompous manfion was defign’d
To pleafethe mighty rulers of mankind ;
Inferior temples ufe on either hand. Addifon.
2. An inftrument, by the direction of which lines are drawn.
They know how to draw a ftraight line between two points
by the fide of a ruler, Moxon’s Mechanical Exercifes.
Rum. n.f.
1. A country parfon. A cant word.
I’m grown a mere mopus; no company comes.
But a rabble of tenants and rufty dull rums. Swift.
2. A kind of fpirits diftilled from mololfes.
To RU'MBLE. v. n. [rommelen, Dutch.] To make a hoarte
low continued noife.
The trembling ftreams, which wont in channels clear
To rumble gently down with murmur foft,
And were by them right tuneful taught to bear
A bafe’s part amongft their conforts oft,
Now forc’d to overflow with brackilh tears.
With troublous noife did dull their dainty ears. Spenfer.
Rumble thy belly full, fpit fire, fpout rain;
Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire are my daughters ;
I tax not you, you elements with unfcindnefs. Shakefp.
At therulhingof his chariots, and at the rumbling ot his
wheels, the fathers fhall not look back to their children for
fceblcncfs. Jeremiah xlvii. 3.
Our courtier thinks that he’s preferr’d, whom every
man envies;
When love fo rumbles in his pate, no fleep comes in his
eves. • Suckling.
Apollo
R U M
Apollo ftarts, and all Parnaflus fhakcs
At the rude rumbling Baralipton makes. Refcmmon,
The fire fhe fann’d, with greater fury bum’d,
Rumbling within. Dryden.
Th’ included vapours, that in caverns dwell,
Lab’rin? with coliek pangs, and dole confin’d,
In vain fought ilfuc from the rumbling wind. Dryden.
On a fudden there was heard a moft dreadful rumbling noife
w’thin the entrails of the machine, after which the moun¬
tain burft. . Addifon.
Several monarchs have acquainted me, how often they
have been (book from their refpe&ive thrones, by the rum¬
bling of a wheelbarrow. Spectator, 597.
Ru'mbler. n.f [from rumble.] The perfon or thing that
rumbles.
Ru'mikant. adj. [ruminant, Fr. ruminans, Latin.] Having
the property of chewing the cud.
Ruminant creatures have a power of directing this periftaltick motion upwards and downwards. Ray.
The defeription, given of the mufcular part of the gullet,
is very exact in ruminants, but not in men. Derham.
To RIFMINATE. v. n. \ruminer, Fr. rumino, Lat.]
1. To chew the cud.
Others fill’d with pafture gazing fat,
Or bedward ruminating. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. iv.
The neceflity of fpittle to diffolve the aliment, appears
from the contrivance of nature in making the falivary duds
of animals, which ruminate or chew the cud, extremely
open. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
On grafly banks herds ruminating lie. Thomfon.
2. To mufe ; to think again and again.
Alone fometimes fhe walk’d in fecret where.
To ruminate upon her difeontent. Fairfax, b. iv.
Of ancient prudence here he ruminates,
Of rifing kingdoms, and of falling ftates. Waller.
I am at a folitude, an houfe between Hampftead and
London, wherein Sir Charles Sedley died : this circumftance
fets me a thinking and ruminating upon the employments in
which men of wit exercife themfelves. Steele to Pope.
He pradifes a flow meditation, and ruminates on the fubjed ; and perhaps in two nights and days roufes thofe feveral
ideas which are neceflary. Watts’s Improv. ofthe Mind.
To Ru'minate. v. a. [rumino, Lat.J
1. To chew over again.
2. To mufe on ; to meditate over and over again.
’Tis a ftudied, not a prefent thought.
By duty ruminated. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
Knock at the ftudy, where he keeps.
To ruminate ftrange plots of dire revenge. Shakefp.
The condemned Englifh
Sit patiently, and inly, ruminate
The morning’s danger. Shakefp.
Mad with defire fhe ruminates her fin,
And wifhes all her wifhes o’er again ;
Now fhe defpairs, and now refolves to try;
Wou’d not, and wou’d again, fhe knows not why. Dry.
Rumina'tion. n.f [ruminatio, Lat. from ruminated\
1. The property or ad of chewing the cud.
Rumination is given to animals, to enable them at once to
lay up a great ftore of food, and afterwards to chew it. Arb.
2. Meditation ; refledion.
It is a melancholy of mine own, extraded from many objeds, in which my often rumination wraps me in a moft hu¬
morous fadnefs. Shakefp. As You like it.
Retiring, full of rumination fad,
He mourns the weaknefs of thefe latter times. Thomfon.
To Ru'mmage. v. a. [;ranmen, German, to empty. Skinner,
rimari, Lat.] To fearch ; to plunder; to evacuate.
Our greedy feamen rummage every hold.
Smile on the booty of each wealthier cheft. Dryden.
To Ru'mmage. v. n. To fearch places.
A fox was rummaging among a great many carved figures,
there was one very extraordinary piece. L’EJirange.
Some on antiquated authors pore;
Rummage for fenfe. Dryden’s Perfus.
I have often rummaged for old books in Little-Britain and
Duck-lane. Swift.
Ru'mmer. n.f. [roemer, Dutch.] A glafs; a drinking cup.
Imperial Rhine beftow’d the generous rummer. Philips.
RU'MOUR. n.f. [rumeur, Fr. rumor, Lat.] Flying or popu¬
lar report; bruit; fame.
We hold rumour from what we fear. Shakefp.
There ran a rumour
Of many worthy fellows that were out. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Great is the rumour of this dreadful knight.
And his atchievements of no lefs account. Shakefp.
T his rumour of him went forth throughout all Judea. Luke.
Rumour next and chance
And tumult and confulion all embroil’d. • Milton.
She heard an ancient rumour fly,
That times to come fhould fee the 1 rojan race
Her Carthage ruin. Dryden’s AHneis.
RUN
To Ru'mour. v. a. [from the noun.] To report abroad ; to
bruit.
Catefby* rumour it abroad,
That Anne my wife is fick, and like to die: Shakefp.
All abroad was rumour db that this day
Samfon fhould be brought forth. Milton's Agonifles.
’Twas rumour’d.
My father ’fcap’d from out the citadel. Dryden.
Ru'mourer. n. f [from rumour.] Reporter; fpreader of
news.
A Have
Reports, the Volfcians, with two feveral powers,
Are entered into the Roman territories.
—Go fee this rumourer whipt: it cannot be. Shakeft,
Rump. n.f. [rumpff, German.]
1. The end of the backbone.
At her rump fhe growing had behind
A fox’s tail. Fairy Queen, b. u
If his holinefs would thump
His reverend bum ’gainft horfe’s rump.
He might b’equipt from his own ftable. Prior.
Rumps of beef with virgin honey ftrew’d. King.
, Laft trotted forth the gentle fwine,
To eafe her itch againft the flump.
And difmally was heard to whine,
All as fhe ferubb’d her meazly rump. Swift’s Mifcel.
2. The buttocks.
A failor’s wife had chefnuts in her lap,
And mouncht,—give me quoth I
Aroint the witch ! — the rump fed ronyon cries. Shakefp.
He charg’d him firft to bind
Crowdero’s hands on rump behind. Hudibras, p. i.
To Rumple, v. a. [rompelen, Dutch.] To crufh or contrail
into inequalities and corrugations; to crufii together out of
fhape.
Each vital fpeck, in which remains
Th’ entire, but rumpled animal, contains
Organs perplex’d. Blackmore on the Creation.
I rumpled petticoats, or tumbled beds.
Or difeompos’d the head-drefs of a prude. Pope.
Never put on a clean apron, ’till you have made your lady’s
bed, for fear of rumpling your apron. Swift.
Rumple, n.f. [hpympelle, Saxon.] Pucker; rude plait.
Fair Virginia would her fate beftow
On Rutila, and change her faultlefs make
For the foul rumple of her camel-back. Dryden.
To RUN. v. n. pret. ran. [rinnan, Gothick; yjinan, Saxon ;
rennen, Dutch.]
1. To move fwiftly; to ply the legs in fuch a manner, as that
both feet are at every ftep off the ground at the fame time \
to make hafte ; to pafs with very quick pace.
Their feet run to evil, and make hafte to fbed blood. Prov.
Laban ran out unto the man unto the well. Gen. xxiv. 29.
When fhe knew Peter’s voice, fhe ran in, and told how
Peter flood before the gate. Adis xii. 14.
Since death’s near, and runs with fo much force,
We muft meet firft, and intercept his courfe. Dryden.
He ran up the ridges of the rocks amain. Dryden.
Let a fhoe-boy clean your fhoes and run of errands. Swift.
2. To ufe the legs in motion.
Seldom there is need of this, till young children can run
about. Locke.
3. To move in a hurry.
The prieft and people run about.
And at the ports all thronging out,
As if their fafety wrere to quit
Their mother. Benj. fohnfon.
4. To pafs on the furface, not through the ail.
The Lord fent thunder, and the fire ran along upon the
ground. Exodus ix, 25.
5* To rufh violently.
Let not thy voice be heard, left angry fellows iun upon
thee, and thou lofe thy life. Judges xviii. 25.
Now by the winds and raging waves I fwear,
Your fafety more than mine was thus my care ;
Left of the guide bereft, the rudder loft,
Your fhip fhou’d 1 un againft the rocky coaft. Dryden
They have avoided that rock, but run upon another no lefs
dangerous. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
I dilcover thofe fhoals of life which are concealed in order
to keep the unwary from running upon them. Addifon.
6. To take a courfe at fea.
Running under the ifland Clauda, we had much work to
come by the boat. • Adis xxvii. 16.
7. To contend in a race.
A horfe-boy, being lighter than you, may be trufted to
run races with lefs damage to the horfes. • Swift.
8. To fly ; not to (land. It is often followed by away in this
' fenfe.
My conference will ferve me to run from ’'this Jew, my
mafter. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
22 E The
RUN
1 ne difference between the valour of the Irifh rebels and
the Spaniards was, that the one ran away before they were
charged, and the other {freight after. Bacon.
I do not fee a face
Worthy a man ; that dares look up and ftand
One thunder out; but downward all like beads
Running au ay at every flafh. Bcnj. Johnfon.
The reft difpers’d runt fome difguis’d.
To unknown coafts ; fome to the fhores do fly. Daniel.
They, when they’re out of hopes of flying,
Will run away from death by dying. Hudibras.
Your child fhrieks, and runs away at a frog. Locke.
9. To ftream; to flow.
My ftatues,
Like a fountain, with a hundred fpouts.
Did run pure blood. Shakefp. Julius Co-far.
I command, that the conduit run nothing but claret. Sbak.
The precious ointment upon the head ran down upon
Aaron’s beard. _ Pfalm cxxxiii. 2.
In fome houfes, wainfcots will fweat, fo that they will
almcff run with water. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Rivers run potable gold: Milton.
Caicus roll’d a crimfon flood,
And Thebes ran red with her own natives blood. Dryden.
The greateft veffel, when full, if you pour in ftill, it mull;
run out fome way, and the more it runs out at one fide, the
lefs it runs out at the other. Temple.
Innumerable iflands were covered with flowers, and inter¬
woven with fhining feas that ran among them. Addifon.
Her fields he cloath’d, and chear’d her blafted face
With running fountains and with fpringing graf's. Addijon.
10. To be liquid; to be fluid.
In lead melted, when it beginneth to congeal, make a
little hole, in which put quickfilver wrapped in a piece of
linnen, and it will fix and run no more, and endure the
hammer. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Stiff with eternal ice, and hid in fnow.
The mountain ftands ; nor can the rifing fun
Unfix her frofts, and teach ’em how to run. Addifon.
As wax difl'olves, as ice begins to run,
And trickle into drops before the fun,
So melts the youth. Addifon's Ovid's Metam.
31.To be fufible ; to melt.
• Her form glides through me, and my heart gives way ;
This iron heart, which no impreffion took
From wars, melts down, and runs, if fhe but look. Dryden.
Suffex iron ores run freely in the fire. Woodward.
Your iron muft not burn in the fire; that is, run or melt;
‘for then it will be brittle. Moxon's Mcch. Exerc.
12. To pafs; to proceed.
You, having run through fo much publick buftnefs, have
found out the fecret fo little known, that there is a time to give
Rover. Temple's Mifcellanies.
If there remains an eternity to us after the fhort revolution
of time, we fo fwiftly run over here, ’tis clear, that all the
happinefs, that can be imagined in this fleeting ftate, is not
valuable in refpeCt of the future. Locke.
13. To go away; to vanifh.
As faff as our time runs, we fhould be very glad in moft
parts of our lives that it ran much fafter. Addifon.
14. To have a legal courfe ; to be pra&ifed.
Cuftoms run only upon our goods imported or exported,
and that but once for all; whereas intereft runs as well upon
our fhips as goods, and muft be yearly paid. Child.
15. To have a courfe in any direction.
A hound runs counter, and yet draws dry foot well. Sha.
Little is the wifdom, where the flight
So runs againft all reafon. Shakefp. Macbeth.
That punifhment follows not in this life the breach of this
rule, and confequently has not the force of a law, in coun¬
tries where the generally allowed practice runs counter
to it, is evident. Locke.
Had the prefent war run againft us, and all our attacks upon
the enemy been vain, it might look like a degree of frenzy
to be determined on fo impracticable an undertaking. Addif.
16. To pafs in thought or fpeech.
Cou’d you hear the annals of our fate;
Through fuch a train of woes if I fhould run,
The day wou’d fooner than the tale be done. Dryden.
By reading, a man antedates his life ; and this way ofrunnmg up beyond one’s nativity, is better than Plato’s preexiftence. Collier.
Virgil, in his firft Georgick, has run into a fet of pre¬
cepts foreign to his fubjeCt. Addijon's Ejfay on the Georgicks.
Raw and injudicious writers propolc one thing for their
fubjeCt, and run off to another. Felton.
17. 1 o be mentioned curlorily or in few words.
The whole runs on fhort, like articles in an account,
whereas, if the lubjed were fully explained, each of them
might take up half a page. . Arbuthnot on Coins.
10. I o have a continual tenour of any kind,
Difcourfes ran thus among the deareft obfervers : it was
R U N
faid, that the prince, without any imaginable ftain of his re¬
ligion, had, by the fight of foreign courts, much corrobo¬
rated his judgement. Wottons Buckingham.
1 he king’s ordinary ftyle runneth, our fovereign lord the
Saunderjon,
19. To be bufied upon.
His grifly beard his penfive bofom fought,
And all on Laulus ran his relflefs thought. Dryden.
When we defire any thing, oar minds run wholly on the
good circumftances of it; when ’tis obtained, our minds run
wholly on the bad ones. Swift.
20. To be popularly known.
Men gave them their own names, bv which they run a
great while in Rome. pernple.
1\. To have reception, fuccefs, or continuance.
22. To go on by fucceffion of parts.
She faw with joy the line immortal run.
Each fire impreft, and glaring in his fon. Pope.
23. To proceed in a train of conduCt.
If you luipend your indignation againft my brother, till you
can derive from him better teftimony of his intent, you fhould
run a certain courfe. Shakefp. King Lear.
24. To pafs into fome change.
Is it really dcfirable, that there fhould be fuch a beino- in
the world as takes care of the frame of it, that it do not^tt
into confufion, and ruin mankind ? Tillotfon.
Wonder at my patience;
Have I not caufe to rave, and beat my breaft.
To rend my heart with grief, and run diffracted. Addifon.
25. To pafs.
We have many evils to prevent, and much danger to run
through. Taylor.
26. T o proceed in a certain order.
Day yet wants much of his race to run. Milton.
T hus in a circle runs the peafant’s pain.
And the year rolls within itfelf again. Dryden.
I his church is very rich in relicks, which run up as high
as Daniel and Abraham. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Milk by boiling will change to yellow, and run through all
the intermediate degrees, till it flops in an intenfe red. Arb.
27* To be in force.
Fhe owner hath incurred the forfeiture of eight years pro¬
fits of his lands, before he cometh to the knowledge of the
procels that runneth againft him. Bacon.
The time of inftance ihall not commence or run till after
contefiation of fuit. Aylife's Parergon.
28. To be generally received.
Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himfelf, and
how he had loft the hearts of his fubjeds. Knolles.
29. To be carried on in any manner.
Conceftions, that run as high as any, the moft charitable
proteftants make. Atterbury.
In popifh countries the power of the clergy runs higher,
and excommunication is more formidable. Ayliffe's Parergon.
30. To have a track or courfe.
Searching the ulcer with my probe, the fin us run up above
tne orifice. Wijeman's Surgery.
One led me over thofe parts of the mines, where metalline
veins run. Boyle.
31. 'Fo pafs progreflively.
’ he planets do not of themfelves move in curve lines,
but are kept in them by fome attractive force, which, if once
lufpended, they would for ever run out in right lines. Cheyne.
32. 1 o make a gradual progrefs.
The wing’d colonies
There fettling, feize the fweets the blofloms yield,
And a low murmur runs along the field. Pope,
33. To be predominant.
This run in the head of a late writer of natural hiftory,
who is not wont to have the moft lucky hits in the conduct
of his thoughts. Woodivard on Fojfils.
34. To tend in growth,
A man’s nature runs either to herbs or weeds; therefore
let him feafonably water the one, and deftroy the other, Bac*
35. To grow exuberantly.
Jofeph is a fruitful bough, w'hofe branches run over the
waT Genejis xlix. 22.
Study your race, or the foil of your family will dwindle into
ci,ts or run into wits. Tatler, N° 75.
If the richnels of the ground caufe turnips to run to leaves,
treading down the leaves will help their rooting. Mortimer.
In fome, who have run up to men without a liberal educa¬
tion, many great qualities are darkened. Felton.
Magnanimity may run up to profufion or extravagance. Pope.
36. 'Fo excern pus or matter.
Whether his flefh run with his iffue, or be flopped, it is
his uncleannefs. Leviticus xiii. 3.
37. To become irregular; to change to fomething wild.
Many have run out of their wits for women. 1 Ejdr. iv.
Our king return'd,
The mufe ran mad to fee her exil’d lord ;
On the crack’d ftage the bedlam heiocs roar'd. Granville.
38.To
\
RUN
•28. To get bv artifice or fraud. .
6 Hath publick faith, like a young heir,
For this nk’n up all lorts of ware.
And run int’ ev’ry tradefman s book, .
’Till both turn’d bankrupts. Hudibt as, p. 1.
Run in trull, and pay for it out of your wages. Swift.
-r 11 i,v hafte, paflion, or folly into fault or misfortune.
39' r Iflou remcmb’reft not the flighted folly.
That ever love did make thee run into ;
Thou haft not lov’d. Shakefp. As You Like it.
Solyman himfelf, inpunifhing the perjury of another, ran
into wilful perjury himfelf, perverting the commendation ot
iuftice, which he had fo much defired by his moft bloody and
unjuftVentence. _ Knolles's Hijiory of the Turks.
From not ufing it right, come all thofe nriftakes we run
into in our endeavours after happinefs. Locke.
40. To falls to pafe. , ,
In the middle of a rainbow, the colours are fufficiently diftinguifhed ; but near the borders they run into one another,
fo that you hardly know how to limit the colours. IPatts.
41. To have a general tendency.
Temperate climates run into moderate governments, and
the extremes into defpotick power. Swift.
42. To proceed as on a ground or principle.
It is a confederating with him, to whom the facrince is
offered 1 for upon that the apolile’s argument runs. Atterbury.
4^. To go on with violence.
Tarquin, running into all the methods of tyranny, a ter a
cruel reign was expelled. Swift.
44. To Run after. To l'earch for; to endeavour at, though
out of the way.
The mind, upon the fuggeftion of any new notion, runs
after fimilies, to make it the clearer to itfelf; which, though
it may be ul'eful in explaining our thoughts to others, is no
right method to fettle true notions in ourfelves. Locke.
4c. To Run away with. To hurry without confent.
Thoughts will not be dire&ed what objeas to purfue, but
run away with a man in purfuft of thofe ideas they have in
view. Locke.
46. To Run in with. To clofe ; to comply.
Though Ramus run in with the firft reformers of learning,
in his oppofition to Ariftotle; yet he has given us a plaufible
lyftem. Baker.
47. To Run on. To be continued.
If, through our too much fecurity, the fame Ihould run on.
Icon might we feel our eftate brought to thofe lamentaole
terms, whereof this hard and heavy fentence was by one of
the ancients uttered. Hooker.
48. To Run over. To be fo full as to overflow.
He fills his famifh’d maw, his mouth runs o'er
With unchew’d morfels, while he churns the gore. Dryd.
49. To be fo much as to overflow.
Milk while it boils, or wine while it works, run over the
veflels they are in, and poffefs more place than when they
were cool. Digby on Bodies.
50. To Run out. To be at an end.
When a leafe had run out, he ftipulated with the tenant to
refi2;n up twenty acres, without leffening his rent, and no
great abatement of the fine. Swift.
51. To RuN ca/. To fpread exuberantly.
Infertile animals, for want of blood, run all out into
j£gS Hammond.
The zeal of love runs out into fuckers, like a rruitful
tree> Taylors Rule of Living Holy.
Some papers are written with regularity ; others run out
into the wildnefs of eflays. Spectator.
52. Ti? Run out. To expatiate.
Nor is it fufficient to run out into beautiful digreflions, unlefs they are fomething of a piece with the main defign of
the Georgick. Addifan's EJfay on the Georgicks.
On all occafions, (he run out extravagantly in praife of
Hocus. Arbuthnot.
They keep to their text, and run out upon the power of
the pope, to the diminution of councils. Baker.
He fhews his judgment, in not letting his fancy run out
into long deferiptions. Broome's Notes on the Qdyjfey.
jj3. To Run out. To be wafted or exhaufted.
He hath run out himfelf, and led forth
His defp’rate party with him ; blown together
Aids of all kinds. Benj. Johnfon's Catiline.
Th’ eftate runs out, and mortgages are made.
Their fortune ruin’d, and their fame betray’d. Drydcn.
From growing riches with good cheer.
To running out by ftarving here. Swift.
So little gets for what ihe gives.
We really wonder how Ihe lives !
And had her ftock been lefs, no doubt, <
She muft have long ago run out. Swift,
To Run. v. a.
I. To piercej to ftab.
Poor Romeo is already dead, run through the ear with a
love fong. Shakejp. Romeo and Juliet.
RUN
Hipparchus, going to marry, confulted Philander upon the
occafion • Philander reprefented his miftreft in fuch ftfong
colours that the next morning he received a challenge, and
before twelve he was run through the body. Spectator.
2. To force } to drive. ^
in nature, it is not convenient to confide.; every difference
that is in things, and divide them into dtftma dafles:; Ais
will run us into particulars, and we fliall he able to ellaohlh
n°fhoueh putting the mind unprepared upon an unufual ftreis
may dil'couraee it, yet this mull not run it, by an over-pea
ft/nefs of difficulties, into a hzy faunttmg about ordinary
things.
2. To force into any way or form. . f
J Some, ufed to mathematical figures, give a preference to
the methods of that fcience in divinity or politick enquiries;
others, accuftomed to retired fpeculations, run natural1pmlofophy into metaphyfical notions. ^ae.
What is raifed in the day, fettles m the night; and its
cold runs the thin juices into thick fizy fubftances. . Cbeyne.
The daily complaifance of gentlemen runs them into va¬
riety of expreffions; whereas your fcholars are more dole,
and frugal of their words. Felton on the Cnticks.
4. To drive with violence.
They ran the fhip aground. Adis xxvn. 41.
This proud Turk offered fccrnfully to pafr by without
vailing-, which the Venetian captains not enduring, fet upon
him with fuch fury, that the 'l urks were enforced to run both
their gallies on fhore. Knolles's Hijiory of the 'Lurks.
A talkative perfon *uns himfelf upon great inconveniences,
by blabbing out his own or others fecrets. Ray.
5‘ Thepureft gold muft bo run and wafhed. Felton.
6. To incur. . . , e ,,
H<» runneth two dangers, that he mall not be faitntully
counfeled, and that he fhall have hurtful counfel given. Bacon.
The tale I tell is only of a cock,
Who had not run the hazard of his life,
Had he believ’d his dream, and not his wife. Dryden.
Confider the hazard I have run to fee you here. Dryden.
O that I could now prevail with any one to count up what
he hath got by his moft beloved fins, what a dreadful danger
he runs. Calamy.
I fhall run the danger of being fufpe&ed to have forgot
what I am about. Locke.
7. To venture; to hazard.
He would himfelf be in the Highlands to receive them,
and run his fortune with them. Clarenaon.
Take here her reliques and her gods, to run
With them thy fate, with them new walls expect. Dcnh.
A wretched exil’d crew
Refolv’d, and willing under my command.
To run all hazards both of fea and land. Dryden,
8. To import or export without duty.
Heavy impofitions leffen the import, and are a ftrong temp¬
tation of running goods. Swift.
9. To profecute in thought.
To run the world back to its firft original, and view na¬
ture in its cradle, to trace the outgoings ot the ancient of days
in the firft inftance of his creative power, is a refearch t00
great for mortal enquiry. r'lJy
The world hath not flood fo long, but r.-c t
up to thofe artlefs ages, when mortals live
Burnet's The. >y of- the b.a~ !o.
I would gladly underftand the formation o UuL a;. 1
it up to its punttumfaliens. 1
I have chofen to prefent you with fome peri ff u thoughts,
rather than run a neeulefs treatne upon the iubjei.i. at ico^t.i.
Felton.
10. To pufh.
Some Englifh fpeakers run 'their hands into their pockets,
others look with great attention on a piece of blank paper. Add,
11. To Run down. To chafe to wearinefs.
They ran down a flag, and the als divided the prey very
honeftly. , , ‘ . L’E/lranges Fables.
12. ToKvttdown. To.crufli ; to overbear.
Though out-number’d, overthrown,
And by the fate of war run down,
Their duty never was defeated. Hudibras, p. iii.
Some corrupt affections- in the foul urge him on with luch
impetuous fury, that, when we fee a mail overborn and run
down by them, we cannot but pity the perfon, while we ab¬
hor the crime. South's Sermons.
It is no fuch hard matter to convince or run down a drun¬
kard, and to anfwer any pretences he can alledge for his
fin. South's Sermons.
The common cry
Then ran you down for your rank loyalty. Dryden.
Religion is run down by the licenfe of thefe times. Berkley.
13. To Ru n over. To recount curforily.
I {hall run them over {lightly, remarking chiefly what is
obvious to the eye. Fay.
RUN
I {hall not run over all the particulars, that would (hew
what pains are ufed to corrupt children. Locke.
14. To Run over. To confider curforily.
Thefe four every man fhould run over, before he cenfure
the works he (hall view. Cotton's Architecture,
If we run over the other nations of Europe, we {hall only
pafs through fo many different fcenes of poverty. Addifon.
15. To run through.
Should a man run over the whole circle of earthly pleafures,
he would be forced to complain that pleafure was not fatisfadlion. South.
Run. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A£l of running.
The afs fets up a hideous bray, and fetches a run at them
open-mouth. L’EJlrange’s Fables.
2. Courfe ; motion.
Want of motion, whereby the run of humours is flayed,
furthers putrefaction. Bacon.
3. Flow ; cadence.
He no where ufes any foftnefs, or any run of verfes to
pleafe the ear. Broome’s Notes on the Odyjfey.
4. Courfe ; procefs.
5. Way of management; uncontrolled courfe.
Talk of fome other fubjedt; the thoughts of it make me
mad ; our family muft have their run; Arbuthnot.
6. Long reception ; continued fuccefs.
It is impoffible for detached papers to have a general run
or long continuance, if not diverged with humour. Addifon.
7. Modifh clamour.
You cannet but have obferved, what a violent run there is
among toomany weak people againfl univerfity education. Sw.
8. At the long Run. In fine ; in conclufion ; at the end.
They produce ill-conditioned ulcers, for the mofl part
mortal in the long run of the difeafe. Wifeman.
Wickednefs may profper for a while, but at the long run,
he that fets all knaves at work, will pay them. L’EJlrange.
Shuffling may ferve for a time, buttruth will mofl certainly
carry it at the long run. L’EJlrange.
Hath falflrood proved at the long run more for the advance¬
ment of his eflate than truth f Tillotfon.
Runagate, n.f [corrupted from renegat, Fr.] A fugitive;
rebel; apoflate.
1 he wretch compel’d, a runagate became.
And learn’d what ill a mifer flate doth breed. Sidney.
God bringeth the prifoners out of captivity; but letteth
the runagates continue in fcarcenefs. Pfalm lxviii. 6.
I dedicate myfelf to your fweet pleafure,
More noble than that runagate to your bed. Shakefp.
As Cain, after he had flain Abel, had no certain abiding ;
fo the Jews, after they had crucified the fon of God, be¬
came runagates. Raleigh’s Hiftory of the World.
Ru'naway. n. f. [run and away.] One that flies from dan¬
ger ; a fugitive.
Come at once.
For the clofe night doth play the runaivay,
And we are {laid for. Shakefp.
Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled ?
Speak in fome bufh ; where dofl thou hide thy head IShak.
Ru'ndle. n.f [corrupted from roundle, of round.]
1. A round ; a flep of a ladder.
The angels did not fly, but mounted the ladder by degrees ;
we are to confider the feveral fleps and rundles we are to afcend by. Duppa.
2. A peritrochium ; fomething put round an axis.
The third mechanical faculty, fliled axisin peritrochio, confifls of an axis or cylinder, having a rundle about it, wherein
are faflened divers fpokes, by which the whole may be
turned round. Wilkins’s Mathematical Magick.
Ru'ndlet. n.f. [perhaps runlet or roundlet.] A fmall barrel.
Set a rundlet of verjuice overagainfl the fun in fummer, to
fee whether it will fweeten. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Rung. pret. and part. paff. of ring.
The heav’ns and all the conflellations rung. Milton.
Ru'nnel. n.f [from run.] A rivulet; a fmall brook.
With murmur loud, down from the mountain’s fide,
A little runnel tumbled neere the place. Fairfax.
Ru'nner. n.f. [from run.]
One that runs.
2. A racer.
Fore-fpent with toil, as runners with a race,
I lay me down a little while to breathe. Shakefp.
Here thofe that in the rapid courfe delight.
The rival runners without order Hand. Dryden.
3. A meflenger.
To 7 onfon or Lintot his lodgings are better known than
to the runners of the poft-office. Swift to Pope.
4. A mooting fprig.
In every root there will be one runner, which hath little
buds on it, which may be cut into. Mortimer
5. One of the flones of a mill. Mortimer.
The mill goes much heavier by the flone they call the
runner, being fo large. Mortimer.
6. A bird. Ainf
R U S
Ru'nnet. n. f [jepunnen, Saxon, coagulated.] A liquor
made by fleeping the ftomach of a calf in hot water, and
ufed to coagulate milk for curds and cheefe. It is fometimes
written rennet.
The milk of the fig hath the quality of runnet to gather
cheefe. Bacon s Natural Hiftory.
It coagulates the blood, as runnet turns milk. More.
T. he milk in the flomach of calves, coagulated by the
runnet, is rendered fluid by the gall in the duodenum. Arb.
Ru nnion. n.f. [regnant, Fr. fcrubbing.J A paltry feurvy
wretch.
You witch ! you poulcat! you runnion ! Shakefp.
Runt. n.f. [runte, in the Teutonick dialedls, fignifies a bull or
cow, and is ufed in contempt by us for fmall cattle; as kefyl,
the Welfh term for a horfe, is ufed for a worthlefs horfe.J
Any animal fmall below the natural growth of the kind.
Reforming Tweed
1 Hath fent us runts even of her church’s breed. Cleaveland.
Of tame pigeons, arecropers, carriers, and runts. Walton.
This overgrown runt has flruck off his heels, lowered his
foretop, and contradled his figure. Addifon.
Ru ption. n.f. [ruptus, Lat.J .Breach ; folution of continuity.
The plenitude of veffels or plethora caufes an extravafation of blood, by ruption or apertion. Wifeman.
Ru'pture. n.f [irupture, Fr. from ruptus, Lat.]
1. The adt of breakings {late of being broken ; folution of
continuity.
Th’ egg,
Burfling with kindly rupture, forth difclos’d
Their callow young. Milton.
A lute firing will bear a hundred weight without rupture,
but at the fame time cannot exert its elaiticicy. Arbuthnot.
The diets of infants ought to be extremely thin, fuch as
lengthen the fibres without rupture. Arbuthnot.
2. A breach of peace ; open hoftility.
When the parties, that divide the commonwealth, come
to a rupture, it feems every man’s duty to chufe a fide. Swift.
3. Burflennefs ; hernia; preternatural eruption of the gut.
The rupture of the groin or ferotum is the mofl common
fpecies of hernia. Sharp’s Surgery.
To Ru'pture. v. a. [from the noun.] To break ; toburfl;
to fuffer difruption.
The veffels of the brain and membranes, if ruptured, abforb the extravafated blood. Sharp’s Surgery.
Rupturewort, n.f. [herniaria, Lat.] A plant.
The calyx of rupturewort is quadrifid, or, for the mofl
part, quinquefid, and expanded in form of a ffar, having
live flamina in the centre : the fruit, which grows in the bot¬
tom of the flower, becomes a membranaceous, furrowed,
round capfule, which is divided into eight cells, each of
which contains one fmall pointed feed. Miller.
RURAL, adj. [rural, Fr. ruralis, from rura, Lat.] Country ;
exifling in the country, not in cities; fuiting the country;
refembling the country.
Lady, referved to do pallor company honour.
Joining your fweet voice to the rural mufickof delert. Sid.
Here is a rural fellow,
That will not be deny’d your highnefs’ prefence;
He brings you figs. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
We turn
To where the filver Thames firfl rural grows. Tbomfon.
Rura'lity. In. f. [from rural.] The quality of being
Ru'ralness. 5 rural. DM.
Ru'ricolist. n. f. -[ruricola, Lat.] An inhabitant of the
country. ‘ _ DM.
Ru'rigenous. adj. [rura and gigno, Lat.] Born in the
country.
RUSE. n.f. [French.] Cunning; artifice; little ffratagem;
trick ; wile; fraud ; deceit. A French word neither elegant
nor neceffary.
I might here add much concerning the wiles and rufes,
which thefe timid creatures ufe to fave themfelves. Ray.
RUSH. n.f. [pipe, Saxon.]
1. A plant.
A rujh hath a flower compofed of many leaves, which are
placed orbicularly, and expand in lorm of a rofe; from the
centre of which rifes the pointal, which afterward becomes a
fruit or hufk, which is generally three-cornered, opening into
three parts, and full of roundifh feeds : they are planted
with great care on the banks of the fea in Holland, in
order to prevent the water from vvafhing away the earth ;
for the roots of thefe rujhes fallen themlelves very deep in
the ground, and mat themfelves near the furface, fo as to
hold the earth clofely together. Miller.
He taught me how to know a man in love; in which cage
of rujhes I am fure you are not prifoner. Shakefp.
Man but a rujh againfl Othello’s breafl,
And he retires. Shakefp. Othello.
Is fupper ready, the houfe trimm’d. ruffes flrew’d, cob-*
webs fwept ? Shakefp. Laming of the Shrew.
Your farm requites your pains;
Though rujhes overfpread the neighb’ring plains. Dryden.
2. Any
R U S
2.' Any thing proverbially worthlefs.
Not a rub matter, whether apes go on four legs or two.
UEfrange.
What occafion haft thou to give up, John Bull’s friend¬
ship is not worth a rujh. Arbuthnot's Hif. ofJohn Bull.
Rush-candle, n. f [rujh and candle.] A fmall blinking
taper, made by ftripping a rufh, except one fmall ftripe of the
bark which holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow.
Be it moon or fun, or what you pleafe ;
And if you pleafe to call it a rujh-candle,
Henceforth it fhall be fo for me. Shakefp.
If your influence be quite darn’d up
With black ufurping mifts, lbme gentle taper.
Though a rujh-candle from the wicker hole
Of fonre clay habitation, vifit us. Milton.
To Rush. v. n. [hpeoyan, Saxon.] To move with violence ;
to go on with tumultuous rapidity.
The liers in wait halted and rujhed upon Gibeah. Judges.
Gorgias removed out of the camp by night, to the end he
might rujh upon the camp of the Jews. i Mac. iv. 2.
Every one that was a warrior rujhed out upon them. Judith.
Armies rujh to battle in the clouds. Milton.
Why wilt thou rujh to certain death, and rage
In ralh attempts beyond thy tender age.
Betray’d by pious love ? Dryden's Virgil.
Deiperate fhould he rujh, and lofe his life,
With odds opprefs’d. Dryden's /.Eneis.
They will always ftrive to be good chriftians, but never
think it to be a part of religion, to rujh into the office of
princes or minifters. Sprat.
You fay, the fea
Does with its waves fall backward to the Weft,
And, thence repell’d, advances to the Eaft;
While this revolving motion does indure,
The deep mull reel, and rujh from Ihoar to Ihoar. Blacbn.
With a rujhing found th’ affembly bend
Diverfe their fteps. Pope's Odyjfey.
Now funk the fun from his aereal height.
And o’er the lhaded billows rufd the night. Pope.
At firft an azure fheet it rujhes broad,
Then whit’ning by degrees, as prone it falls,
Dafh’d in a cloud of foam, it fends aloft
A hoary mift. Thomfon.
Rush. n.f. [from the verb.] Violent courfeA gentleman of his train fpurred up his horfe, and with a
violent rujh fevered him from the duke. IVotton.
Him while frefti and fragant time
Cherilht in his golden prime.
Ere Hebe’s hand had overlaid
His fmooth cheeks with a downy lhade.
The rujh of death’s unruly wave
Swept him off into his grave. Crajbaiv.
Aufter fpy’d him,
Cruel Aufter thither hy’d him.
And with the ruf) of one rude blaft.
Sham’d not fpitefully to caft
All his leaves fo frefh, fo fweet,
And laid them trembling at his feet. Crajhaw.
Ru'shy. adj. [from rujh,]
1. Abounding with rufhes.
In rujhy grounds, fprings are found at the firft fpit. Mori.
The timid hare to fome lone feat
Retir’d ; the rujhy fen or rugged furze. Thomfon.
2. Made of rufhes.
What knight like him could tofs the rujhy lance. Tickel.
Rusk. n. f. Hard bread for ftores.
The lady fent me divers prefents of fruits, fugar, and
rufk. ‘ Raleigh.
Ru'sma. n. f. A brown and light iron fubftance, with half as
much quicklime fteeped in water, the Turkifh women make
their plilothron, to take off their hair. Grew.
Ru'sset. adj. [rouf'et, Fr. rnjfus, Lat.]
1. Reddifhly brown.
T he morn, in rujfet mantle clad.
Walks o’er the dew of yon high eaftward hill. Shakefp.
Our fummer fuch a rufet livery wears.
As in'a garment often dy’d appears. Dryden.
2. Newton feems to ufe it for grey ; but, if the etymology be
regarded, improperly.
"This white fpot was immediately encompaffed with a dark
crcy or rufet, and that dark grey with the colours of the firft
|rjs< Newton's Opticks.
.3. Coarfe ; homefpun; ruftick. It is much ufed in deferiptions
^ of the manners and dreffes of the country, I fuppofe, becaufe
it was formerly the colour of ruftick drefs : in fome places,
the rufticks Hill die cloaths fpun at home with bark, which
muft make them rufet.
Taffata phrafes, filken terms precife,
Figures pcdantical: thefe fummer flies
Have blown me full of maggot oftentation :
.Henceforth my wooing mind {hall be expreft
In rufet yeas, and honeft kerfy noes, Shakefp,
R U S
Ru'sset. n.f. Country drefs. See Russet, ad}.
The Dorick dialect has a fweetneft in its clownifhnefs, like
a fair fhepherdefs in her country rufet. Dryden.
Ru'sset. 1 n.f A name given to feveral forts of pears or
Ru'sseting. V apples from their colour.
The rufet pearmain is a very pleafant fruit, continuing
long, on the tree, and in the confervatory partakes both of the
rufting and pearmain in colour and tafte ; the one fide
being generally rufet, and the other ftieaked like a pearmain. Mottimer.
RUST. n.f. [juiyr, Saxon.]
1. The red defquamation of old iron.
This iron began at the length to gather ruf. Hooker.
Ruf eaten pikes and fwords in time to come,
When crooked plows dig up earth’s fertile womb,
The hufbandman fhall oft difeover. May's Gcorgicks.
But Pallas came in flhape of ruf,
And ’twixt the fpring and hammer thruft,
Her Gorgon fhield, which made the cock
Stand ftiffi, as ’twere transform’d to ftock. Hudibras.
My feymitar got fome ruf by the fea water. Gulliver.
2. The tarnifhed or corroded furface of any metal.
By dint of fword his crown he fhall increafe,
And fcour his armour from the ruf of peace. Dryden.
3. Lofs of power by inadivity.
4. Matter bred by corruption or degeneration.
Let her fee thy facred truths cleared from all ruf and drofs
of human mixtures. King Charles.
To Rust. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To gather ruft; to have the furface tarnifhed or corroded.
Her fallow leas,
The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory
Doth reft upon, while that the culter rujls.
That fhould deracinate fuch favagery. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Our armours now may ruf, our idle feymiters
Hang by our fides for ornament, not ufe. Dryden»
2. To degenerate in idlenefs.
Muft I ruf in Egypt, never more
Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece.
To Rust, v. a.
1. To make rufty.
Keep up your bright fwords, for the dew will ruf them.
Shakefp. Othello*
2. To impair by time or inactivity.
RU'STICAL. adj. [ruficus, Lat. rujlique, Fr.] Rough j
favage ; boifterous ; brutal; rude.
On he brought me unto fo bare a houfe, that it was the
picture of miferable happinefs and rich beggary, ferved only
by a company of rufical villains, full of fweat and duft, not
one of them other than a labourer. Sidney.
This is by a nfical feverity to banifh all urbanity, whofe
harmlefs and confined condition is confiftent with religion.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
He confounds the finging and dancing of the fatires with
the rufical entertainment of the firft Romans. Dryden.
Rustically, adv. [from rujlicai] Savagely; rudely; in¬
elegantly.
My brother Jaques he keeps at fchool.
And report {peaks goldenly of his profit;
For my part he keeps me rufically at home. Shakefp.
Quintius here was born,
Whofe fhining plough-fhare was in furrows worn.
Met by his trembling wife, returning home.
And rufically joy’d, as chief of Rome. Dryden.
Ru'sticalness. n.f. [from rufical.] The quality of being
ruftical; rudenefs ; favagenefs.
To Ru'sticate. v. n. [rufieor, Latin.] To refide in the
country.
My lady Scudamore, from having ruficated in your com¬
pany too long, pretends to open her eyes for the fake of fee¬
ing the fun, and to Deep becaufe it is night. Pope.
To Ru'ticate. v. a. To banifh into the country.
I was deeply in love with a milliner, upon which I was
fent away, or, in the univerfity phrafe, ruficated for ever. Spell.
Rusti'city. n.f. [ruficite,Yr. ruficitas, from ruficus, Lat.]
1. Qualities of one that lives in the country; fimplicity ; artlefsnefs ; rudenefs ; favagenefs.
There prefented himfelf a tall, clownifh, young man, who,
falling before the queen of the fairies, defired that he might
have the atchievement of any adventure, which, during the
fcaft, might happen; that being granted, he refted him on
the floor, unfit for a better place by his ruficity. Spenfer.
The fweetnefs and nficity of a paftoral cannot be lb well
expreft in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly
mixt with the Dorick dialed. Achlifon.
This fo general expence of their time would curtail the
ordinary means of knowledge, as ’twould fherten the oppor¬
tunities of vice ; and fo accordingly an univerfal ruficity prefently took place, and flopped not till it had over-run the
whole ftock of mankind. Woodward's Natural Hifory.
2. Rural appearance.
22 F-22 Z Ru'stick.
I
/
RUT
Rt/stick. adj. [rujlicus, Lat.j
1. Rural; country.
By Lclius willing miffing was the odds of the Iberian fide,
and continued fo in the next by the excellent running of a
knight, though foftered fo by the mules, as many times the
very rujiick people left both their delights and profits to harken
to his fongs. Sidney, b. ii.
2. Rude ; untaught ; inelegant.
An ignorant clown cannot learn fine language or a courtly
behaviour, when his rujiick airs have grown up with him till
the age of forty. Watts's Logick.
3. Brutal; favage.
My foul foreboded I fhould find the bow’r
Of fome fell monfter, fierce with barb’rous pow’r;
Some rujiick wretch, who liv’d in heav’n’s defpight.
Contemning laws, and trampling on the right. Pope.
4. Artlefs ; honeft; fimple.
5. Plain; unadorned.
An altar ftood, rujiick, of grafly ford. Milton.
With unguents fmooth the polifh’d marble {hone.
Where ancient Neleus fat, a rujiick throne. Pope.
Ru'stick. n.f. A clown; a fwain; an inhabitant of the
country.
As nothing is fo rude and infolent as a wealthy rujiick, all
this hia kindnefs is overlooked, and his perfon moft unwor¬
thily railed at. South.
Ru'stiness. n.f. [from rujly.] The ftate of being rufty.
To Rt/stle. v. n. [hpiptlan, Saxon.] To make a low con¬
tinued rattle; to make a quick fucceffion of fmall noifes.
Let not the creaking of ftioes, nor the rujlling of filks, be¬
tray thy poor heart to woman. Shakejp. King Lear.
He is coming; I hear the ftraw rujlle. Shakejp.
This life
Is nobler than attending for a check;
Richer, than doing nothing for a bauble ;
Prouder, than rujlling in unpaid-for filk. Shakejp.
Thick fwarm’d, both on the ground, and in the air
Brufh’d with the hifs of rujlling wings. Milton,
As when we fee the winged winds engage,
Rujlling from ev’ry quarter of the Iky,
North, Eaft, and Weft, in airy fwiftnefs vy. Granville.
All begin the attack ;
Fans clap, filks rujlle, and tough whalebones crack. Pope.
Not lefs their number than the milk-white fwans,
That o’er the winding of Cyafter’s fprings.
Stretch their long necks. End clap their rujlling wings. Po.
Ru'sty. adj. [from rujl.]
1. Covered with ruft ; infected with ruft.
After a long calm of peace, he was left engaged in a war
with a rujly fword and empty purfe. Howel.
Part fcour the rujly fhields with feam, and part
New grind the blunted ax. Dryden's dEncis.
2. Impaired by inactivity.
He&or, in his dull and long continued truce.
Is rujly grown. Shakejp. Troilus and CreJJida.
To Rut. v. n. [ruit, Fr.] To defire to come together. Ufed
of deer.
Rut. n.f. [rut, Fr.]
j. Copulation of deer.
The time of going to rut of deer is in September; for that
they need the whole fummer’s feed to make them fit for ge-
- . . . ©
neration : and if rain come about the middle of September,
they go to rut fomewhat the fooner. Bacon.
RYE
Tlie ground hereof was the obfervation of this part in deer
after immoderate venery, and about the end of their rut. Bro.
2. [Route, Fr.] The track of a cart wheel. Ainf.
RUTH. n.f. [from rue.] Mercy; pity; tendernefs; forrow
for the mifery of another.
The Britons, by Maximilian laid way
With wretched miferies and woful ruth.
Were to thofe Pagans made an open prey. Fa. Jhtcen.
All ruth, compaffion, mercy he forgot. " Fairfax.
She fair, he full of balhfulnefs and truth
Lov’d much, hop’d little, and defired nought;
He durft not fpeak, by fuit to purchafe ruth. Fairfax.
The better part with Mary and with Ruth
Chofen thou haft ; and they that overween.
And at thy growing virtues fret their fpleen.
No anger find in thee, but pity and ruth. Milton.
Ru'thful. adj. [ruth and full.] Rueful; woful; forrowfui. *
The inhabitants feldom take a ruthful and reaving expe¬
rience of thofe harms, which infectious difeafes carry with
them. Carew e Survey of Cornwall.
Ruthfully. adv. [from ruthful.]
1. Wofully; fadly.
The flower of horfe and foot, loft by the valour of the
enemy, ruthfully perilhed. Knolles’s Hi/lory of the Turks.
2. Sorrowfully ; mournfully.
Help me, ye baneful birds, whofe fhrieking found
Is fign of dreary death, my deadly cries
Moft ruthfully to tune. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
3. Wofully. In irony.
By this Minerva’s friend bereft
Oileades of that rich bowl, and left his lips, nofe, eyes
t Ruthfully fmear’d. Chapman's Iliads.
Ruthless, adj. [from ruth.] Cruel; pitilefs; uncompalfionate; barbarous.
What is Edward but a ruthlefs fea ?
What Clarence but a quickfand of deceit? Shakejp.
The ruthlefs flint doth cut my tender feet;
And when I ftart, the cruel people laugh. Shakejp.
His archers circle me ; my reins they wound.
And ruthlefs fhed my gall upon the ground. Sandys.
Their rage the hoftile powers reftrain.
All but the ruthlefs monarch of the main. Pope.
To ruthlefs deeds, blind rage, and fell revenge,
Their fervid fpirits fires. Thomfon's Summer.
Ru'thlessness. n.f. [from ruthlefs.] Want of pity.
Ruthlesly. adv. [from ruthlefs.] Without pity; cruelly;
barbaroufly.
Ru'ttier. n.f [routiere, Fr.] A direction- of the road or
courfe at fea.
Ru'ttish. adj. [from rut.] Wanton; libidinous; falacious ;
luftful ; lecherous.
That is an advertifement to one Diana, to take heed of
the allurement of count Roufillon, a foolifh idle boy ; but for
all that very ruttijh. Shakejp. All's well that ends welL
Rye. n.f [nyje, Saxon.]
x. A coarfe kind of bread corn.
Between the acres of the rye,
Tfiefe pretty country folks would lye. Shakejp.
Rye is more acrid, laxative, and lefs nourifhing than
w^eat. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. A difeafe in a hawk. Ainf
Rye'g rass. n.f. A kind of ftrong grafs.
Some fow ryegrafs with the com at Michaelmas. Mortimer.
S
s.
SAB SAC
Has in Englifh the fame hiffing found as in other
' languages, and unhappily prevails in fo many of our
a words that it produces in the ear of a foreigner a
L M ar continued fibilation.
^ In the beginning of words it has invariably its
natural and genuine found : in the middle it is fometimes ut¬
tered with a ftronger appulfe of the tongue to the palate, like
z-, as rofe, rofeate, roj'y, ofier, nofel, refulent, bufy, bufinejs. It
fometimes keeps its natural found ; as loofe, deftgnation 3 for
which I know not whether any rules can be given*
In the end of monofyllables it is fometimes r, as in this;
and fometimes z, as in as, has ; and generally where es flands
in verbs for eth, as gives. It feems to be eftablifhed as
a rule, that no noun lingular fhould end with ffingle: there¬
fore in words written with diphthongs, and naturally long, an
e is neverthelefs added at the end, as goofe, houje3 and where
the fyllable is fhort thef is doubled, and was once JJ'e, as ajs,
anciently ajje-, wildernefs, anciently v.ildernejje3 dijirefs, an¬
ciently diftrefje.
SABA'OTH. inf. [An Hebrew Word fignifying ref}-, fabbat,
SA'BBATH. s French ; jabaturn, Latin.]
1. A day appointed by God among the Jews, and from them
eftablifhed among Chriftians for publick worfhip ; the feventh
day fet apart from works of labour to be employed in piety.
Holy Lord God of fabaoth. Common Prayer.
I purpofe.
And by our holy fabbath have I fworn,
To have the due and forfeit of my bond. Shake/peare.
Glad we return’d up to the coafts of light,
Ere fabbath ev’ning. Milton.
Here ev’ry day wasfabbath : only free
From hours of pray’r, for hours of charity,
Such as the Jews from fervile toil releaft,
Where works of mercy were a part of reft:
Such as bleft angels exercife above,
Vary’d with facred hymns and a&s of love 3
Such fabbatbs as that one (he now enjoys,
Ev’n that perpetual one, which fhe employs :
For fuch viciflitudes in heav’n there are.
In praife alternate, and alternate pray’r. Dryden.
2. Intermiflion of pain or forrow 3 time of reft.
Never anyfabbath of releafe
Could free his travels and afflictions deep. Daniel's C. War.
Nor can his blefled foul look down from heav’n,
Or break th’ eternalfabbath of his reft,
To fee her miferies on earth. Dryden.
Peaceful fleep out the fabbath of the tomb.
And wake to raptures in a life to come. Pope.
Sa'bbath breaker, n.f [fabbath and break. ] Violator of
the fabbath by labour or wickednefs.
The ufurer is thegreateftfabbathbreaker, becaufe his plough
goeth every Sunday. Bacon’s Effays.
Sabba'tical. adj. [fabbaticusy Lat. fabbatique, Fr. from fab¬
bath.] Refembling the fabbath ; enjoying or bringing intermiffion of labour.
Fhe appointment and obfervance of the fabbatical year, and
after the feventh fabbatical year, a year of jubilee, is a circum-.
ftance of great moment. Forbes.
Sa'bbatism. n.f [from fabbatum, Latin.] Obfervance of the
fabbath fuperftitioufly rigid.
Sa'bine. n.f [fabine, Fr. fabina, Latin] A plant.
Sabine or favin will make fine hedges, and may be brought
into any form by clipping, much beyond any of the forts of
trees commonly made ufe of for that purpole. Mortimer.
Sa'ble. n.f. [zibella, Latin.] Fur.
Sable is worn of great perfonages, and brought out of Ruffla,
being the fur of a little beaft of that name, efteemed for the
perfedfnefs of the colour of the hairs, which are very black.
Hence fable, in heraldry, fignifies the black colour in gen¬
tlemens arms. Peacham on Blazoning.
Furioufly running in upon him, with tumultuous fpeech,
he violently raught from his head his rich cap of fables. KnoUes.
T he peacocks plumes thy tackle mult not fail.
Nor the dear purohafe of the fable's tail. Gay.
Sa'ble. adj. [hr.] Black. A word ufed by heralds and poets.
fty th is the drooping daylight ’gan to fade,
And yield bis room to fad fucceeding night.
Who with her fable mantle ’gan to lhade
The face of earth, and ways of living wight. Fairy JJueen.
With him inthron’d
Sat fable veiled night, eldeft of things.
The confort of his reign. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
They foon begin that tragick play.
And with their fmoaky cannons banifh day :
Night, horrour, (laughter, with confufion meet,
And in theirfable arms embrace the fleet. Waller.
Adoring firft the genius of the place.
And night, and all the ftars that gild herfable throne. Dryd.
SA*BLIERE. n.f. [French.]
1. A fandpit. Bailey.
2. [In carpentry.] A piece of timber as long, but not fo thick,
as a beam. Bailey.
Sa'brb. n.f. [fabre, French; I fuppofe, of Turkifh original.]
A cymetar; a fhort fword with a convex edge 5 a faulchion.
To me the cries of fighting fields are charms 3
Keen be myfabre, and of proof my arms 3
I afk no other blefling of my ftars.
No pri2e but fame, no miftrefs but the wars. Dryden.
Seam’d o’er with wounds, which his ownfabre gave,
In the vile habit of a village flave.
The foe deceiv’d. Pope’s Odyffey.
Sabulo'sitv. n.f. [from fabulous.] Grittinefs3 fandinefs.
SA'BULOUi. adj. [fabulum, Latin.] Gritty3 fandy.
SACCA'DE. n.J. [French.] A violent check the rider gives
his horfe, by drawing both the reins very fuddenly; a cor¬
rection ufed when the horfe bears heavy on the hand. Bailey.
Sa'ccharine. adj. [Jaccharum, Latin.] Having the tafte or
any other of the chief qualities of fugar. .
Manna is an efi’ential faccharine fait, fweating from the
leaves of moft plants. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Sacerdo'tal. adj. [facerdsfa/A, Latin.] Prieftly3 belonging
to the priefthood.
They have feveral offices and prayers, efpecially for the
dead, in which functions they ufe Jacerdotal garments. Sti/lingf.
He fell violently upon me, without refpeCt to my facerdotal
orders. Dryden’s Spanijh Fryar.
If ample powers, granted by the rulers of this world, add
dignity to the perfons intrufted with thefe powers, behold the
importance and extent of thefacerdotal commiffion. Attetbury.
Sa'chel. n.f [Jacculus, Lat.] A fmall fack or bag.
SACK. n.f. [,p&> Hebrew 3 <ra>cx(§p 3 faccus, Latin 3 pec, Safc.
It is obfervable of this word, that it is found in all languages,
and it is therefore conceived to be antediluvian.]
1. A bag ; a pouch 3 commonly a large bag.
OurJacks fhall be a mean to fack the city,
And we be lords and rulers over Roan. Shak. Henry VI.
Vaftius caufed the authors of that mutiny to be thruft into
ftcks, and in the fight of the fleet caft into the fea. KnoUes.
2. The meafure of three bufhels.
3. A woman’s loofe robe.
To Sack. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To put in bags.
Now the great work is done, the corn is ground,
The grift isJack’d, and every fack well bound. Betterton.
2. [Fromfacar^ Spanifh.] To take by ftorm3 to pillage; to
plunder.
Edward Bruce fpoiled and burnt all the old Englifh pale in¬
habitants, andfacked and rafed all cities and corporate towns.
.... , , n . . Spenfer on Ireland.
111 make thee ftoop and bend thy knee,
Orfack this country with * mutiny. Shakefp Plenty VI
What armies conquer’d, perifh’d with thy {word ?
What citiesfack’d s’ 1 F ' f
XA;yVhKfeuSthe,edirma1 heaps’ hu* would demand
What barbarous invaderJack’d the land ? Denham.
The pope himfelf was ever after unfortunate, Rome being
en ant facked in his reign. South's Set mons.
, ^Jle. ^reat magazinc for all kinds of treafure is the bed of
the 1 iber: when the Romtyis lay under the apprehenfions of
leeing their cityfacked by a barbarous enemy, they would take
- 23 A ' Who
SAC SAC
care to beftow fuch of their riches this way as could beft bear
the water. Addifon,
Sack, n.f. [from the verb.]
* Storm of a town; pillage; plunder.
If Saturn’s fon bellows
The fack of Troy, which he by promife owes.
Then lhall the conqu’ring Greeks thy lofs reftore. Dryden,
2.A kind of fweet wine, now brought-chiefly from the Cana¬
ries. [Sec, French, of uncertain etymology; but derived by
Skinner, after Mcmdejio, from Xeque, a city of Morocco.]
Pleafe you drink a cup of Jack. Shakefpeare.
The butler hath great advantage to allure the maids with a
glafs of fack. Swift.
Sa'ckbut. n.f. [facabuche, Spanilh; fambuca, Latin; fambuque,
French.] A kind of pipe.
The trumpets, fackbuts, pfalteries and fife,
Make the fun dance. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Sa'ckcloath. n.J. [fack and cloath.] Cloath of which facks
are made; coarfe cloath fometimes worn in mortification.
A fort of coarfe IfufF made of goats hair, of a black or
dark colour, worn by foldiers and mariners; and ufed as a
habit among the Hebrews in times of mourning and diftrefs.
It was called Jackclotb, either becaufe facks were made of this
fort of fluff, or becaufe haircloaths were ftraight and clofe like
a lack. Calmet.
To augment her painful penance more.
Thrice every week in allies Ihe did fit,
And next her wrinkled fkin roughfackcloth wore. F. £hieen.
Thus withfackcloath I inveft my woe,
And dull upon my clouded forehead throw. Sandys.
Being clad in fackcloath, he was to lie on the ground, and
conftantly day and night to implore God’s mercy for the fin
he had committed. Aylife’s Parergon.
Sa'cker. n.f. [from fack.] One that takes a town.
Sa'ckful. n.f [fack andfull.] Topfull.
Wood goes about with fackfuls of drofs, odioufly mifreprefenting his prince’s countenance. Swift.
Sa'ckposset. n.f. [fack and pojfet.] A poffet made of milk,
fack, and fome other ingredients.
Snuff the candles at (upper on the table, becaufe the burn¬
ing fnuff may fall into a dilh of foup orfackpojfet. Swift.
SA'CRAMEN T. n.f. [facrement, Fr. facraenentum, Latin.]
1. An oath ; any ceremony producing an obligation.
2. An outward and vifible fign of an inward and fpiritual grace.
As often as we mention a J'acratnent, it is improperly under¬
flood; for in the writings of the ancientfathers all articles which
are peculiar to Chriftian faith, all duties of religion containing
that which fenfe or natural reafon cannot of itfelf difeern, are
moft commonly named facraments; our reftraint of the word
to fome few principal divine ceremonies, importeth in every
fuch ceremony two things, the fubftance of the ceremony it¬
felf, which is vifible; and befides that, fomewhat elfe more
fecret, in reference whereunto we conceive that ceremony to
be afacramcnt. Hooker.
3. The eucharift ; the holy communion.
Ten thoufand French have ta’en thefacrament
To rive their dangerous artillery
Upon no Chriftian foul butEnglifh Talbot. Shakef. H. VI.
As we have ta’en thefacrament,
We will unite the white rofe with the red. Shakefp. R. III.
Before the famous battle of Crefly, he fpent the greateft
part of the night in prayer; and in the morning received the
facrament, with his fon, and the chief of his officers. Addifon.
Sacrame'ntal. adj. [facramental, Fr. fromfacrament.] Conftituting a facrament; pertaining to a facrament.
To make complete the outward fubftance of a facrament,
there is required an outward form, which form facramental
elements receive from facramental words. Hooker.
The words of St. Paul are plain ; and whatever interpreta¬
tion can be put upon them, it can only vary the way of the
facramental efficacy, but it cannot evacuate the bleffing. Taylor.
Sacrame'ntally. aclv. [from facramental.] After the man¬
ner of a facrament.
My body is facramentally contained in this facrament of
bread. Hall.
The law of circumcifion was meant by God facramentally
to imprefs the duty of ftridf purity. Hammond.
SA'CRED. adj. [facre, French; facer, Latin.]
1. Devoted to religious ufes ; holy.
Gods love to haunt herfacred fhades. Milton.
2. Dedicated ; confecrate ; confecrated.
This temple and his holy ark,
With all hisfacred things. Milton.
O er its eaftern gate was rais’d above
A temple, facred to the queen of love. Dryden.
3. Inviolable.
I he honour’sfacred, which he talks on now,
Suppo ing that I lackt it. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
How haft thou yielded to tranlgrefs
The ftridl forbiddance? how to violate
Thefacred fruit? MltWm
Secrets of marriage (till are facred held ;
There fweet and bitter by the wife conceal’d. Dryden.
Sa'credly, adv. [fromfacred.] Inviolably; religioufly.
When God had manifefted himfelf in the flefh, howJacredly
did he preferve this privilege ? South's Sermons.
Sa'credness. n.f. [fromJacred.] The ftate of being facred;
ftate of being confecrated to religious ufes; holinefs; fan&ity.
In the fandtuary the cloud, and the oracular anfwers, were
prerogatives peculiar to the facredncfs of the place. South.
This infinuates thefacrednefs of power, let the adminiftration of it be what it will. L'EJlrange.
Sacri'fick. adj. [faerfeus, Latin.] Employed in facrifice.
Sacri ficable, adj. [from Jacrificor, Lat.] Capable of being
offered in facrifice.
Although Jephtha’s vow run generally for the words, whatfoever fhall come forth ; yet might it be reftrained in the fenfe,
for whatfoever wasfacrificable, and juftly fubjedf to lawful im¬
molation, and fo would not have facrificed either horfe or
dog. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Sacrifica'tor. n.f. [facrificateur, Fr. from facrificor, Latin.]
Sacrificer; offerer of facrifice.
Not only the fubjedf of facrifice is unqueftionable, but alfo
the facrificator, which the pidture makes to be Jephtha. Broivn.
Sa'crificatory. adj. [fromJacrificor, Latin.] Offering fa¬
crifice.
To SACRIFICE, v. a. [facrifier, French; facrifico, Latin.]
1. To offer to heaven ; to immolate.
Alarbus’ limbs are lopt,
And intrails feed the facrificing fire. Shakef Titus Andron.
"I his blood, likej'acrificing Abel’s, cries
To me for juftice. Shakef. Richard II.
I facrifice to the Lord all that openeth the matrix, being
males. Ex. xiii, 15.
Men from the herd or flock
Of facrificing bullock, lamb, or kid. Milton.
2. To deftroy or give up for the fake of fomething elfe.
’Tis a fad contemplation, that we fhould facrifice the peace
of the church to a little vain curiofity. Decay of Piety.
The breach of this rule, T© do as one would be done to,
would be contrary to that intereft men facrifice to when they
break it. Locke.
Syphax loves you, and would facrifice
His life, nay more, his honour, in your fervice. Addifon.
A great genius fometimesfacrifices found to fenfe. Broome.
3. To deftroy ; to kill.
4. To devote with lofs.
Condemn’d tofacrifice his childifh years
To babbling ign’rance, and to empty fears. Prior.
To Sacrifice, v. n. To make offerings; to offer facrifice.
He thatfacrificeth of things wrongfully gotten, his offering
is ridiculous. Eccluf. xxxiv. 18.
Let us go tofacrifice to the Lord. Ex. iii. 18.
Some mifehief is befallen
To that meek man who well hadfacrific'd. Milton:
Sacrifice, n.f. [facrifice, French; facrificium, Latin.]
1. The adt of offering to heaven.
God will ordain religious rites
Of facrifice. Milton.
2. The thing offered to heaven, or immolated.
Upon fuch facrifice
The gods themfelves throw incenfe. Shak. King Lear.
Go with me like good angels to my end,
And as the long divorce of fteel falls on me,
Make of your prayers one fweetfacrifice,
. And lift my foul to heav’n. Shakefpeare.
Moloch befmear’d with blood
Of human facrifice. Milton.
My life if thou preferv’ft, my life
Thy facrifice fhall be;
And death, if death muff! be my doom,
Shall join my foul to thee. Addifon's Spectator.
3. Any thing deftroyed, or quitted for the fake of fomething elfe.
4. Any thing deftroyed.
Sa/crificer. n.f. [fromfacrifice.] One who offers facrifice;
one that immolates.
Let us be facrificers, but not butchers. Shakefp.
When fome brawny facrificer knocks,
Before an altar led, an offer’d ox.
His eyeballs rooted out are thrown to ground. Dryden.
A prieft pours wine between the horns of a bull: the prieft is
veiled after the manner of the old Romanfacrificers. Addijon.
Sacrifi'cial. adj. [fromfacrifice.] Performing facrifice ; in¬
cluded in facrifice.
Rain facrificial whifp’rings in his ear;
Make facred even his ftirrop. Shakefp. Titnon.
Tcrtullian’s obfervation upon thefe facrificial rites, is perti¬
nent to this rule. Taylor's JVorthy Communicant.
SA'CRILEGE. n.f[facrilege, Fr. facri/egium, Lat ] The crime
of appropriating to himfelf what is devoted to religion; the
crime of robbing heaven ; the crime of violating or profaning
things facred.
by what eclipfe fhall that fun be defac d,
What mine hath erft thrown dow-n fo fair a tower!
Whatfacrilege hath fuch a faint difguc’d \ Sidney.
Then
SAD S A F
Then ’gan a curfed hand the quiet womb
Of his great grandmother with ileel to wound,
And the hid treafures in her facred tomb
With facrilegt to dig. Fairy Queen.
We need not go many age? back to fee the vengeance of
God upon fome families, raifed upon the ruins of churches,
and enriched with the fpoils of facrilegt. South's Sermons.
Sacrile'gious. adj. [facrilegus, Lat. fromfacrilegt.] Violating
things facred ; polluted with the crime of facrilegc.
To facrilegious perjury (hould I be betrayed, I fhould ac¬
count it greater mifery. King Charles.
By vile hands to common ufe debas’d,
With facrilegious taunt, and impious jeft. Prior.
Still" green with bays each ancient altar ftands,
Above the reach of Jacrilegious hands. Pope.
Blafphemy is a malediction, and a facrilegious detraction
from the Godhead. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Sacrilegiously, adv. [from facrilegious.] With facrilege.
When thefe evils befell him, his confcience tells him it was
for moltfacrilegioufy pillaging and invading God’s houfe.
South's Sermons.
Sa'cring. part. [This is a participle of the French facrer.
The verb is not ufed inEnglilh.J Confecrating.
I’ll ftartle you,
Worfe than the facring bell. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
The facring of the kings of France is the fign of their fovereign priefthood as well as kingdom, and in the right thereof
they are capable of holding all vacant benefices. ‘Temple.
Sa'crist. In.f [facrifain, French.] Pie that has the care
Sa'crjstan. J of the utenfils or moveables of the church.
A facrifl or treafurer are not dignitaries in the church of
common right, but only by cuftom. Ayliffe s Parergon.
Sa'crist Y. n.f. [ facrifie. French.] An apartment where
the confecrated veffels or moveables cf a church are repofited.
Bold Arnycus from the robb’d veftry brings
A fconce that hung on high,
With tapers fill’d, to light the faerffy. Dryden.
A third apartment fhould be a kind of facrijly for altars,
idols, and facrificing inftruments. Addifon.
SAD. adj. [Of this word, fo frequent in the language, the ety¬
mology is not known. It is probably a contraction offagged,
heavy, burthened, overwhelmed, from To fag, to load.]
1. Sorrowful; full of grief.
Do you think I fball not love a fad Pamela fo well as a
joyful ? Sidney.
I now mud change
Thofe notes to tragick; fad tafk! Milton.
Six brave companions from each drip we loft :
With fails outfpread we fly th’ unequal ftrife,
Sad for their lofs, but joyful of our life. Pope's Odyffey.
2. Habitually melancholy; heavy; gloomy; not gay; not
cheerful.
It miniftreth unto men, and other creatures, all celeftial
influences : it difiipateth thofe fad thoughts and forrows, which
the darknefs both begetteth and maintaineth. Raleigh.
See in her cell Jad Eloifa fpread.
Propp’d on fome tomb, a neighbour of the dead. Pope.
3. Serious; not light; not volatile ; grave.
He with utterance grave, and countenance fad,
From point to point difeours’d his voyage. Spenfer.
The lady Katharine, a fad and religious woman, when
Henry VIII’s refolution of a divorce from her was firft made
known, faid that fhe had not offended ; but it was a judgment
of God, for that her former marriage was made in blood. Bac.
If it were an embaffy of weight, choice was made of fome
fad perfon of known judgment and experience, and not of a
young man, not weighed in ftate matters. Bacon.
A fadwife valour is the brave complexion
That leads the van, and fwallows up the cities :
The gigler is a milk-maid, whom inflection,
Or a fir’d beacon, frighteth from his ditties. Herbert.
4. Afflictive; calamitous.
5. Bad; inconvenient; vexatious. A word of burlefque com¬
plaint.
Thefe qualifications make him a fad hufband. Addifon.
6. Dark coloured.
Cryftal, in its reduction into powder, hath a vale and
Ihadow of blue; and in its coarfe pieces is of a fadder hue
than the powder of Venice glafs. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
I met him accidentally in London in fad coloured clothes,
far from being coftly. JValton's Life rf Bp. Sanderfon.
Scarce any tinging ingredient is of fo general ufe as woad,
or glaftum ; for though of itfelf it dye but a blue, yet it is ufed
to prepare cloth for green, and many of the fadder colours,
when the dyers make them laft without fading. Boyle.
Woad or W ide is ufed by the dyers to lay the foundation of
alljad colours. Mortimer's Husbandry.
7. Heavy ; weighty ; ponderous.
With that his hand, more fad than lump of lead,
Uplifting high, he weened with Morddure,
His own good fword, Morddure, to cleave his head. F. Q.
8. Cohefive; not light; firm; clofe.
Chalky lands are naturally cold and fid, and therefore re¬
quire warm applications, and light compoft. Mljrtimer.
ToSa'dden. v. a. [fromfad.]
1. To make fad.
2. To make melancholy ; to make gloomy.
Her gloomy prefence Jaddens all the feene,
Shades ev’ry flow’r, and darkens ev’ry green;
Deepens the murmurs of the falling floods,
And breathes a browner horror on the woods. Pope.
3. To make dark coloured.
4. To make heavy ; to make cohefive.
Marl is binding, andjaddening cf land is the great prejudice
it doth to clay lands. Mortimer's Husbandry.
SA'DDLE. n.f. [pasl, Saxon; fadel, Dutch ] The feat
which is put upon the horfe for the accommodation of the
rider.
His horfe hipped with an old moth-eaten fuddle, and the
ftimips of no kindred. Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
The law made for apparel, and riding in faddles, after the
Englifti fafhion, is penal only to Englifhmen. Davies.
One hung a pole-ax at hisfaddle bow.
And one a heavy mace. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
’Tis good to provide ourfelves of the virtuofo’s faddle,
which will be fure to amble, when the world is upon the
hardeft trot. Dryden.
The vent’rous knight is from the faddle thrown;
But ’tis the fault of fortune, not his own. Dryden.
To Sa'ddle. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover with a faddle.
I will faddle me an afs, that I may ride thereon. 2 Sa. xix.
Rebels, by yielding, do like him, or worfe,
Whofaddled his own back to fhame his horfe. Cleaveland.
No man, fure, e’er left his houfe.
And faddl'dBall, with thoughts fo wild.
To bring a midwife to his fpoufe,
Before he knew £he was with child. Prior.
2. To load; to burthen.
Refolv’d for fea, the flaves thy baggage pack,
Each faddl'd with his burden on his back;
Nothing retards thy voyage. Dryden.
Sa'ddlebacked. adj. [faddle and back.]
Horfes, faddlebacked, have their backs low, and a raifed
head and neck. Farrier’s Di£i.
Sa'ddlemaker. } n.f [fromfaddle.] One whofe trade is to
Sa'ddler. J make faddles.
Sixpence that I had
To pay thejaddler for my miftrefs’ crupper,
The jaddler had it. Shakefp. Comedy of Errours.
The utmoft exaCtnefs in thefe belongs to farriers, fiddlers,
and fmiths. Digby.
The fmith and the fiddler's journeyman ought to partake of
your mafter’s generofity. Swift's Direct, to the Groom.
Sa'dly. adv. [fromfad.]
1. Sorrowfully; mournfully.
My father is gone wild into his grave;
For in his tomb lie my affections;
And with his fpirit fadly I furvive,
To mock the expectations of the world. Shak. Henry IV.
He griev’d, he wept, the fight an image brought
Of his own filial love; afadly pleafing thought. Dryden.
Hefadly fuffers in their grief,
Out-weeps an hermit, and out-prays a faint. Dryden.
Common dangers paft, a fadly pleafing theme. Dryden.
2. Calamitoufly; miferably.
We may at prefent eafily fee, and one dayfadly feel. South.
Sa'dness. n.f. [from fad.]
1. Sorrowfulnefs; mournfulnefs; dejeCtion of mind.
The foul receives intelligence
By her near genius of the body’s end.
And fo imparts a fadnefs to the fenfe. Daniel’s Civil War.
And let us not be wanting to ourfelves,
Left fo fevere and obftinate afadnefs
Tempt a new vengeance. Denham's Sophy.
A paffionate regret at fin, a grief and fadnefs of its memory,
enter into God’s roll of mourners. Decay cf Piety.
If the fubjeCt be mournful, let every thing in it have a ftroke
of fadnefs. Dryden.
2. Melancholy look.
Dimfadnefs did not fpare
Celeftial vifages. _ Milton.
3. Serioufnefs ; fedate gravity.
SAFE. adj. [fauf French; falvus, Latin,]
I. Free from danger.
Our feparated fortune
Shall keep us both thefifer; where we are
There’s daggers in men’s fmiles. Shakefp. Macbeth.
But Trivia kept in fecret fhades alone,
Her care, Hippolytus, to fate unknown;
And call d him Virbius in th’ Egenan grove.
Where then, he liv’d obfeure, but fafe from Jove. Dryden.
I Beyond
be
S A F
Beyond the beating (urge his courfe he bore.
With longing eyes obferving, to furvey
Some fmooth afcent, orfafe fequefter’d bay. Pot
2. Ffee from hurt. J
Put your head into the mouth of a wolf, and when you’ve
brought it outfafe and found, talk of a reward. L’Ejlrange.
3* Conferring fecurity.
T o write the fame things to you, to me is not grievous,
but to youfafe. Phil. iii. i.
Afcend ; I follow thee, fafe guide, the path
Thou lead’d me. Milton.
4. No longer dangerous; repofited out of the power of doinoharm.
Banquo’sfafe.
•-Ay, my good lord ; fafe in a ditch : he lies
With twenty trenched galhes on his head,
The lead a death to nature. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Our great forbidderfafe, with all his fpies
About him. Mhorim
Safe. n.f. [from the adjeCtive.] A buttery; a pantry. Ainfw.
Sa'feconduct. n.f. [Jarf conduit, French.]
1. Convoy ; guard through an enemy’s country.
A trumpet was fent to fir William Waller, to defire a fafecondutt for a gentleman. Clarendon.
2. 1 afs ; warrant to pafs.
Savf egUard. n.f [fafe and guard.]
1. Defence; protection ; fecurity.
We ferve the living God as near as our wits can reach to
the knowledge thereof, even according to his own will; and
do therefore trud, that his mercy fhall be ourfafeguard. Hooker.
If you do fight in fafeguard of your wives,
Your wives fhall welcome home the conquerors. Shakefp.
The fmalled worm will turn, if trod upon;
And doves will peck in fafeguard of their brood. Shakefp.
Caefar, where dangers threatened on the one fide, and the
opinion that there fliould be in him little fafeguard for his
friends on the other, chofe rather to venture upon extremities,
than to be thought a weak proie&or. Raleigh.
Great numbers, defcended from them, have, by the bleffmg of God upon their indudry, railed themfelves fo high in
the world as to become, in times of difficulty, a proteftion
-and a fafeguard to that altar, at which their ancedors minidred. ^ Atterbury's Sermons.
Thy fword, the fafeguard of thy brother’s throne,
Is now become the bulwark of thy own. Granville.
2. Convoy; guard through any interdi&ed road, granted by the
poffeffor.
3. Pafs; warrant to pafs.
Onfafeguard he came to me. Shakefpeare.
A trumpet was fent to the earl of Effex for afafeguard or
pafs to two lords, to deliver a mefl'age from the king to the
twohoufes. Clarendon.
To Safeguard, v. n. [from the noun.] To guard; to pro*
ted.
We have locks tofafeguard neceffaries,
And pretty traps to catch the petty thieves. Shak. Hen. V.
Sa'fely. adv. [from fafe.]
1. In a fafe manner ; without danger.
Who is there that hath the leiiure and means to colled all
the proofs, concerning mod of the opinions he has, fo asfafly
to conclude that he hath a clear and full view ? Locke.
All keep aloof, andfafe'ly fhout around ;
But none prefumes to give a nearer wound. Dryden.
2. Without hurt.
God fafely quit her of her burthen, and with gentle travel,
to the gladding of your highnefs with an heir. Shak. H. VIII.
Sa'feness. n.f. [fromfafe.] Exemption from danger.
If a man fhould forbear his food or his bufinefs, ’till he had
certainty of theJafeneJs of what he was going about, he mud
darve and die difputing. South's Sermons.
Sa fety. n.f [fromJafe.]
1. Freedom from danger.
I o that dauntlefs temper of his mind,
He hath a wifdom that doth guide his valour
1 o ad m fafety. Shakefp. Macbeth.
If her ads have been direded well.
While with her friendly clay fhe deign’d to dwell,
fihall fhe with jafety reach her pridine feat,
hind her red endlefs, and her blifs complete ? Prior.
2 Exemption from hurt,
j- Prefervation from hurt.
Let not myjealoufies be your didionours,
But mine own Jafeiies : you may be rightly jud,
Whatever I fhall think. Shak. Macbeth.
4. L-ultody; fecurity from efcape.
Imprifon him ;
Deliver him to jafety, and return.
Sa'fflow. n.f. A plant.
An herb they callfafflow, or badard faffron, dyers ufe for
fearlet. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Saffron, n.f. [fafran, French, from faphar, Arabick. It
was yellow, according to Davies in his Wdlh didionary.
Cruus, Latin ] 7
Shak. King John.
SAG
Tt hath a flower confiding of one leaf, which is fhaped like
a lily, fidulous underneath, the tube widening into fix fcgments, and reding on the footdalk; the pointal rifes out of
the bottom of the flower, and is divided into three-headed or
creded capillaments; but the empalement afterwards turns to
an oblong triangular fruit, divided into three cells, full of
roundifh feeds. It hath a tuberofe root, and long nervous
grally leaves, with a longitudinal furrow through the middle
of each. I here are Spring-flowering crocufes, and thofe
which flower in Autumn. Their feeds are ripe about the lat¬
ter end of April. the time of planting is in July. About the
beginning of September they begin to fpire, and fometime af¬
ter appear the faffron flowers, which are gathered as well be¬
fore as after they are full-blown ; and the mod proper time for
this is early m the morning: the chives being all picked out
of the flowers, the next labour about them is to dry them on
the kiln : at fird they give it a pretty drong heat. The charges
and profits attending the culture of faffron, have been com¬
puted in the following manner: the rent of an acre of ground
and the expence of manuring it, is reckoned at twenty-three
pounds : the value of twenty-fix pounds of faffron, the com¬
puted produce of an acre in three years, is, at a mean, fuppofed to be thirty-nine pounds; and confequently the’ neat
profits of an acre of ground, producing faffron, will in three
years amount to fixteen pounds. Miller.
Grind your bole and chalk, and five or fix fhives of fafe ^ron* „ Peacham.
oa ffron n.f. [carthamus, Latin.] A plant.
This plant agrees with the thidle in mod of its chara&ers;
but the feeds of it are always deditute of down. It is very
much cultivated in Germany for the dyers ufe, and is brought
from thence into England. As it grows it fpreads into many
branches, each producing a flower at the top of the fhoot,
which, when fully blown, is cut or pulled off, and dried, and’
it is the part the dyers ufe. Miller.
Sa'ffron.. adj. \ ellow; having the colour of faffron.
Are thefe your cudomers ?
Did this companion, with the faffron face,
Revel and fead it at my houfe to-day,
Whild upon me the guilty doors were Ihut ? Shakefpeare.
Soon as the white and red mixt finger’d dame
Had guilt the mountains with herfaffron flame,
I fent my men to Circe’s houfe. Chapman's Odyffey.
Now when the rofy morn began to rife.
And wav’d herfaffron dreamer through the Ikies. Dryden.
To Sag. v. n. To hang heavy.
The mind I fay by, and the heart I bear.
Shall neverfag with doubt, nor Ihake with fear. Shakerp.
To Sag. v. a. To load; to burthen.
SAGA'CIOUS. adj. [fagax, Latin.]
1. Quick of feent.
So feented the grim feature, and up-turn’d
His nodrils wide into the murky air;
Sagacious of his quarry from fo far. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
With might and main they chas’d the murd’rous fox.
Nor wanted horns t’ infpire fagacious hounds. Dryden.
2. Quick of thought; acute in making difeoveries.
Onlyfagacious heads light on thefe obfervations, and reduce
them into general propofitions. Lccke.
Saga'ciously. adv. [fromfagacious.]
1. With quick feent.
2. With acutenefs of penetration.
Sagaciousness, n J. [fromfagacious ] The quality of being
fagacious.
Saga'city. n f [fagacite, French; fagacitas, Latin.]
1. Quicknefs of feent.
2. Acutenefs of difeovery.
It requires too great a fagacity for vulgar minds to draw the
line nicely between virtue and vice. South.
Sagacity finds out the intermediate ideas, to difeover what
connection there is in each link of the chain, whereby the
extremes are held together. Locke.
Many were eminent in former ages for their difeovery of
it; but though the knowledge they have left be worth our
ftudy, yet they left a great deal for the induftry andfagacity of
after-ages. Lock(tm
Sa'gamore. n.f.
1. [Among the American Indians.] A king or fupreme
ruIer- . . Bailey.
2. The juice of fome unknown plant ufed in medicine.
Sage. n.f. [fauge, French ; Jalvia, Latin.] A plant of which
the fchool of Salernum thought fo highly, that they left this
verfe:
\
Cur moriatur homo cui falvia crefcit in horto.
It hath a labiated flower, confifting of one leaf, whofe up¬
per lip is fometimes arched, and fometimes hooked; but the
under lip or beard is divided into three parts, bunching out,
and not hollowed at the clare: out of the flower-cup rifes the
pointal, attended, as it were, by four embryoes, which after¬
ward become fo many feeds, which are roundilh, {hut up in
an hulk, which before was the flower-cup : to which may be
added, that the ftamina do fomewhat refemble the os hyoides.
Miller.
By
S A i
By the colour, figure, talk, and fmell, we have as clear
ideas of fa?e and hemlock, as we havtf of a circle. Locke.
Marbled with [age the hard’ning cheefe (he prefs’d; Gay.
SAGE. ad]. [ fage,¥r. faggio,, Itah] Wife; grave; prudent.
T ired limbs to reft,
O matron Jage, quoth (he, I hither came. Fairy Queen.
Vane, young in years, but in Jage councils old.
Than whom a better fenator ne’er held
The helm of Rome. Mdin.
Can you expeCt that (he (liould be fofage
To rule her blood, and you not rule your rage. Waller.
Sack. «./ [from the adjeCtive.] A philofopher j a man of
o-ravity and wifdom.
Though you profefs
Yourfelves fuch Jages; yet know I no lefs,
Kor am to you inferior. Sandysa
At his birth a ftar proclaims him come.
And guides the eaftern fages, who enquire
His place, to offer incenfe, myrrh, and gold. Milton.
For fo the holyfages once did fing,
That he our deadly forfeit (hould releafe,
And with his father work us a perpetual peace. Milton.
Groves, where immortalfages taught.
Where heav’nly viftons Plato fir’d. Pope.
Sa'gely. adv. [fromJage.] Wifely ; prudently.
Sa'geni- ss. n.J. [kcomfage.] Gravity ; prudence. Ainfw.
Sagi ttal, ad], [from fagitta, Lat. an arrow.J
I.Belonging to an arrow.
"i. [In anatomy.J A future fo called from its refemblance to an
arrow.
His wound was between the fagittal and coronal futures to
the bone. WiJ'eman's Surgery.
Sagi'ttary. n.f. [fagittarius, Latin; fagittaire, french.]
A centaur; an animal half man half horfe, aimed with a
bow and quiver.
The dreadful fagitlary
Appals our numbers. Sbakefp. Trail, andCreffida.
Sa'go. n.f A kind of eatable grain. Bailey.
Sa'ick n.f. [Jaica, Italian; J'aique, Fr.] A Turkifh veflel
proper for the carriage of merchandife. Bailey.
Said, preterite and part. pajf. of fay.
1. Aforefaid.
King John fucceeded his faid brother in the kingdom of
England and dutchy of Normandy. Hale.
2. Declared; (hewed.
SAIL. n.f. [re5h Saxon ; feyheffeyl, Dutch.]
1. The expanded (heet which catches the wind, and came* on
the veflel on the water.
He came too late ; the (hip was underfail. Shakefpeare.
They loofed the rudder-bands, and hoifed up the mainfail
to the wind. Adis xxvii. 40,
The galley born from view by rifing gales,
She follow’d with her fight and flying>//f. Dryden.
2. [In poetry.] Wings.
He cutting way
With his broad fails, about him foared round j
At lad, low (looping with unwieldy fway,
Snatch’d up both horfe and man. Fairy Queen.
3. A (hip; a veflel.
A fail arriv’d
From Pompey’s fon, who through the realms of Spain
Calls out for vengeance on his father’s death. Addif. Cato.
4. Sail is a colledive word, noting the number of (hips.
So by a roaring temped on the flood,
A whole armado of colle&edfail
Is fcatter’d. _ Shakefpeare.
It is written of Edgar, that he increafed the fleet he found
two thoufand fix hundred fail. Raleigh s EJfays.
A feigned tear deftroys us, againft whom
Tydides nor Achilles could prevail.
Nor ten years conflict, nor a thoufand fail. Denham.
He had promifed to his army, who were difeouraged at the
fight of Seleucus’s fleet, confiding of an hundredJar/, that at
the end of the Summer they (hould fee a fleet of his of five
hundred fail. ' Arbuthnot on Coins.
5. Tojlrike Sail. To lower the fail.
Fearing left they (hould fall into the quickfands, theyJlrale
fail, and fo were driven. Adis xxvii. 17.
6. A proverbial phrafe for abating of pomp or fuperiority.
Margaret
MuftJlrike herfail, and learn a while to ferve
Where kings command. Shakef. Henry VI.
To Sail. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To be moved by the wind with fails.
I (hall not mention any thing of thefailing waggons. Mart.
2. To pafs by fea.
When failing was now dangerous, Paul admonnhed them. Adis.
3. To fwinv
To which the (lores of Croefus, in the fcale, T
Would look like little dolphins, when they fail >
In the vaft (hadow of the Britilh whale. Dryden. j
4. To pafs fmoothly along.
Speak again, bright angel! for thou art
As glorious to this fight, being o’er my head,
S A 1
As is a winged meflenger from hcav’n,
When he beftrides the lazy pacing clouds, •
Andfails upon the bolbm of the air. Shak. Rctn: and jut:
To Sail. v. a.
1. To pafs by means of fails. . f ~ . A thoufand (hips were mann J tofail the fea; Dryden.
View Alcinous’ groves, from whence
Sailing the fpaces ot the boundlefs deep,
To Ariconium precious fruits arriv d. 1 !PS•
2. To fly through.
Sublime (he fails . p
Th’ aerial fpace, and mounts the winged gales. f°PeSailer. In.}, [jailor is more ufual. Jailer more analogical} ,
Sailor. \ from fail.] A feamart; one who pra&ifes or u
(lands navigation. -L ^
Thev had many times men of other countries that were no
r ; J Bacon.
Jailors.
Batter’d by his lee they lay;
The pafling winds through their torn canvas play;
And flagging fails on heartlefsfailors fall. Dryden.
Young Pompey built a fleet of large (hips, and had goo
failor , commanded by experienced captains.. Arbuthnot.
Full in the openings of the fpacious main ^
It rides, and, lo, defeends the Jailer train. Pope s OdyJJey.
Sailya'rd. n.f [Jail and yard.] The pole on which the fail
is extended.
With glance fo fwift the fubtle lightning paft;
As fplit the Jailyards. Dryden s Juvenau
Saim. n f. [Jaime, 'Italian.] Lard. It dill denotes this in
Scotland : as fwine’sfaim.
SiMN. v
Some obfeure precedence, that hath tofore beenfain. Shak.
Sa'Tnfoin. n.f i fainfoin, hr.] A kind of herb.
SAINT, n.f. [joint, French ; jandius, Latin.] A peffon emi¬
nent for piety and virtue.
To thee be worfhip and thyfaints for aye. Sbakefp.
She will not (lay the fiege of loving terms.
Nor ope her lap to faint feducing gold. Shakefpeare.
The n thus I cloath my naked villainy
With old odd ends, ftol’n forth of holy writ.
And feem afaint, when moil I play the devil. Shakefpeare.
Miracles are required' of all who afpire to this dignity, becaufe they fay an hypocrite may imitate a faint in all Qthej
particulars. Addifon on Italy.
By thy example kings are taught to fway.
Heroes to fight, and Joints may learn to pray. Granville:
So unaffected, fo compos’d a mind ;
So firm, yet foft, fo ftrong, yet fo refin’d,
Heav’n, as its pureft gold, by tortures try’d;
The faint fuftain’d it, but the woman dy’d. Pope.
To Saint, v. a. [from the noun ] To number among faints ;
to reckon among faints by a publick decree; to canonize.
Are not the principles of thofe wretches dill owned, and
their perfonsfainted, by a race of men of the fame (lamp? bouth.
Over againft the church (lands a large hofpital, ereCled by a
(hoemaker, who has been beatified, though neverfainted. Add.
Thy place is here, fad fifter ; come away :
Once, like thyfelf, I trembled, wept, and pray’d;
Love’s vidlim then, though now a fainted maid. Pope.
To Saint, v. n. To aCt with a (hew of piety.
Whether the charmer finner it orfaint it.
If folly glows romantick, I muft paint it. Pope.
Sai'nted. ad], [fromfaint.]
1. Holy; pious; virtuous
Thy royal father
Was a modfainted king: the queen that bore thee,
Oftner upon her knees than on her feet,
Died every day (lie liv’d. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
2. Holy ; facred.
I hold you as a thing enfkied and fainted,
By your renouncement an immortal fpirit,
And to be talk’d with in fincerity
As with a faint. Shakefpeare.
The crown virtue gives,
After this mortal change, to her ttue fervants,
Amongft the enthron’d gods on fainted hills. Milton.
Saint John's Wort, n.f A plant.
This plant hath a fibrofe root: the leaves grow oppofite by
pairs at the joints of the ftaiks: the flower-cup confifts of one
leaf, which is divided into five parts, and expanded: the*
flower confifts of five leaves expanded like a rofe, having many
(lamina in the centre furrounding a conical ovary, which be¬
comes a three-cornered pointed fruit, and is divided into three
cells, containing many fmall feeds. There are thirty fpecies
of-.thisrplant, -, of-- which ---the four firft fortss grow grow wild, wild, and and the the
reft are exoticks. The firft fort, called common Saint John',
zuort, is ufed in medicine. Miller.
Sa intlike, ad], [faint and like.]
1. Suiting a faint; becoming a faint.
If ftill thou do’fl retain
The fame ill habits, the fame follies too,
Glofs’d over only with a faintlike (how.
Still thou art bound to vice.
23 B
Dryden's Perf.
2. Refembling
SAL
1. Itefembling a faint.
I he king, in whofe time it paffcd, whom eatholicks count
a faintlike and immaculate prince, was taken away in the
flower of his age. Bacon.
Sa'intly. adj. [from faint. 1 Like a faint; becoming; a
faint. J
I mention {fill
Him whom thy wrongs, with faintly patience borne,
Made famous in a land and times obfcure. Mid. Par. Lojl.
Sa'intship. n.f [fromfaint.'} The character or qualities of
a faint.
He that thinks hisfaintjhip licenfes him to cenfures, is to be
looked on not only as a rebel, but an ufurper. Decay of Piety.
This favours fomething ranker than the tenents of the fifth
monarchy, and of fovereignty founded upon faintjhip. South.
The devil was piqu’d fuchfaintjhip to behold,
And long’d to tempt him. Pope.
Sake, n.f [yac, Saxon; faecke, Dutch.]
j. Final caufe; end; purpofe.
Thou neither do’ft perfuade me to feek wealth
For empire’sfake, nor empire to affeCt
„ For glory’s >k. Mi,tons Paradifc Lojl.
The prophane perfon ferves the devil for nought, and fins
only for fin’sfake. _ Tillotfon.
Wyndham like a tyrant throws the dart,
And takes a cruel pleafure in the fmart;
Proud of the ravage that her beauties make,
Delights in wounds, and kills for killing’sJake. Granville.
2. Account; regard to any perfon or thing.
Would I were young for yourfake, miflxefs Anne ! Shakefp.
The general fo likes your mufick, that he defires you, for
loves fake, to make no more noife with it. Shakefp. Othello.
Sa'ker. n f [Saker originally fignifies an hawk, the pieces of
artillery being often denominated from birds of prey.]
The cannon, blunderbufs, andfaker,
He was th’ inventor of, and maker. Hudibras.
According to obfervations made with one of her majefty’s
fakers, and a very accurate pendulum-chronometer, a bullet,
at its firft difcharge, flies five hundred and ten yards in five
half feconds, which is a mile in a little above feventeen half
feconds. Derhanis Pbyfco-TJheology,
Sa keret. n.f. [fromfaker.'] The male of a faker-hawk.
This kind of hawk is efteemed next after the falcon and gyrfalcon, but differently to be managed. Bailey.
SAL. n. f. [Latin.] Salt. A word often ufed in pharmacy.
Salfo acids will help its palling off; asfal prunel. Floyer.
Sal gem is fo called from its breaking frequently into gem¬
like fquares. It differs not in property from the common fait
of the fait fprings, or that of the fea, when all are equally
Pure* IVoodward’s Met. Foff.
Sal Ammoniack is found ftill in Ammonia, as mentioned by
the ancients, and from whence it had its name. Woodward.
SALA CIOUS. adj. [falacts, Lat. falace,Yxf Luftful; lecherous.
One moreJalacious, rich, and old.
Out-bids, and buys her. Drydens fuven. Sat.
Feed him with herbs
Of generous warmth, and of falacicus kind. Dryd Virg.
Animals fpleened, grow extremely jalacious. Arbuthnot.
Sala'ciously. adv. [from jalacious.] Lecheroufly ; luftfully.
Sala'citY. n.J. [falacitas,he£. fromjalacious.] Luft; lechery.
Immoderate falacity and excels of venery is fuppofed to
Shorten the lives of cocks. Brown’s Vulg. Frrours.
A corrofive acrimony in the feminal lynapha produces J'alac'ty" Floyer on the Humours.
Sa'lad. n f. [falade, Fr. falaet, Germ.] Food of raw herbs.
I climbed into this garden to pick a falad, which is not
amifs to cool a man’s ftomach. Shatcefp. Henry VI.
My Jallet days.
When I was green in judgment, cold in blood. Shakefpeare.
You have, to rectify your palate,
An olive, capers, or fome betterJalad,
Ufti ring the mutton. Ben. 'Johnfon.
Some coarfe cold falad is before thee fet;
fall on. Dryden's Perf. Sat.
I he happy old Coricyan’s fruits and falads, on which
he lived contented, were all of his own growth. Dryden.
Leaves, eaten raw, are termed Jalad: if boiled, they be¬
come potherbs ; and fome of thofe plants which are potherbs
in one family, are Jallad in another. Watts.
SALAMANDER. n.J. [falamaudre, Yx. falamandra, Lat. J An
animal fuppofed to live in the fire, and imagined to be very poifonous. Ambroje Parey has a picture of the falamander, with a
receipt for her bite; but there is no fuch creature, the name
being now given to a poor harmlefs infeCL
ffalamander liveth in the fire, and hath force alfo to ex-
',n|u,ih r , . Bacm’, Plural Hiftor,.
^ ccor mg to this hypothefis the whole lunar world is a torriu zone, an may be fuppofed uninhabitable, except they are
falamanders which dwell therein. Glanv SceH
Whereas it is commonly faid that afalamander extinguiAic/h
fire, we have found by experience, that on hot coals it dieth
immedwtely. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
1.
2.
SAL
The artift was fo encompaffed with fire and fmoke that
one would have thought nothing but afalamander could have
been fafe in fuch a fituation. Addifon's Guardian.
Salama'nder’j//«>. 1 n.f. A kind of afibeftos, or mineral
SalamA'nder’j Wool. J flax.
There may be fuch candles as are made of falamander's
wool, being a kind of mineral, which whiteneth in the burn¬
ing, and confumeth not. Bacon.
f)f Englifh talc, the coarfer fort is called plaifter or parget;
the finer, fpaad, earth flax, orfalamander s hair. Woodward.
alama kdrine. adj. [fromfalamander.j Refembling a fala¬
mander.
Laying it into a pan of burning coals, we obferved a certain
Jalamandrine quality, that made it capable of living in the
midlt of fire, without being confumed or finged. Spectator.
Salary, n.f. [fa/aire, Fr. fularium, Latin.]
1. Salarium, oxJalary, is derived from fal. Arbuthnot.
2. Stated hire; annual or periodical payment.
This is hire and falary, not revenge. Shat. Hamlet.
Several perfons, out of a falary of five hundred pounds,
have always lived at the rate of two thoufand. Swift
SALE. n.f [faal, Dutch.] ^ '
The aft of felling.
Vent; power of felling; market.
Nothing doth more enrich any country than many towns;
for the countrymen will be more induftrious in tillage, and
rearing of all hufbandry commodities, knowing that they fhall
have readyfale for them at thofe towns. Spenfer.
A publick and proclaimed expofition of goods to the market •
auction.
Thofe that won the plate, and thofe thus fold, ought to be
marked fo as they may never return to the race, or to the
e* c . . . . Femple.
4. State of being venal; price.
The other is not a thing forfale, and only the gift of the
gods. Shakejp. Cymbeline.
Others more moderate feeming, but their aim
Private reward ; for which both God and ftate
They d fet toJale. Milton's Agonifles.
The more money a man fpends, the more muft he endea¬
vour to increafe his ftock; which at laft fets the liberty of a
commonwealth tofale. Addifon.
5- It feems in Spenfer to fignify a wicker balket; perhaps from
fallow, in which fifh are caught.
To make balkets of bulrufhes was my wont;
Who to entrap the fifh in winding fale
t Was better feen? Spenfer.
Saleable, adj. [fromfale.] Vendible; fit for fale; market¬
able.
I can impute this general enlargement offaleable things to
no caufe fooner than the Cornilhman’s want of vent and
mo"ey* _ Carew.
This vent is made quicker or flower, as greater or lefs quan¬
tities of anyJaleable commodity are removed out of the courfe
°f trade. Locke.
Sa'le ableness. n.f. [from faleable.1 The ftate of beim?
faleable. &
Sa'leably. adv. [fromfaleable.'] In a faleable manner.
Sa'lebrous. adj. [falebrofus, Latin.] Rough; uneven;
rugged.
Sa'lesman. n.f [fale and man.] One who fells cloatl s
ready made.
Poets make characters, asfalefmen cloaths;
We take no meafure of your fops and beaus.
Sa'lework. n.f. [fale and work.] Work for
carelefly done..
I fee no more in you than in the ordinary
Of nature’sfalework. Shakefp. As you like it.
SA'LIANT. adj. [French.] Denotes a lion in a leaping pofture, and ftanding fo that his right foot is in the dexter point,
and his hinder left foot in the finifter bafe point of the efeutcheon, by which it is diftinguilhed from rampant. Harris.
SA L1ANF, in heraldry, is when the lion is (porting
himfelf. . _ Peacham.
Sa'lient. adj. [faliens, Latin.]
1. Leaping; bounding; moving by leaps.
The legs of both fides moving together, as frogs, andfalient
animals, is properly called leaping. Brown s Vulg. Err.
Beating; panting.
A falient point fo firft is call’d the heart.
By turns dilated, and by turns conipreft.
Expels and entertains the purple gueft.
Springing or (hooting with a quick motion.
Who beft can fend on high
Thefalient fpout, far dreaming to the Iky.
ine. \odj. [Jalinu*. T n ^
Sa'linous. J ftituting fait.
We do not eafily aferibe their induration to cold; but ra¬
ther unto falinous fpirits and concretive juices. Brown.
Thisfaline fap of the vefiels, by being refufed reception of
the parts, declares itfelf in a more hoftile manner, by drySwift.
fale; work
2.
Blachnort.
Pope.
Sa'line/ 1 adj. [falinui, Latin.] Confiding of fait; con*
g- — - /
ing the radical moiflurc.
hoftile manner,
Harvey cn Gcrfumptions.
SAL SAL
If a very fmall quantity of any fait of vitriol be diffoivcd in
a great quantity of water, the particles of the fait or vitriol
will not fink to the bottom, though they be heavier in fpecie
than the water; but will evenly diffufe themfelves into all the
water, fo as to make it as/aline at the top as at the bottom.
Newton's Opt.
As the fubftance of coagulations is not merely /aline, no¬
thing difl'olves them but what penetrates and relaxes at the
fame time. _ . Arbutbnot on Aliments.
Sa'ligots. n./ A kind of thiftle. Ain/worth.
SALIVA, n./. [Latin.] Every thing that is fpit up; but it
more ftridfly fignifies that juice which is feparated by the glands
called lalival. Quincy.
Not meeting with difturbance from the faliva, I tha
fooner extirpated them. Wi/eman's Surgery.
Sa'livary. \a$' Latin.] Relating to fpittle.
1 he woodpecker, and other birds that prey upon flies,
which they catch with their tongue, in the room of the Laid
glands have a couple of bags filled with a vifcous humour,
which, by fmall canals, like the Julival, being brought into
their mouths, they dip their tongues herein, artd fo with the
help of this natural birdlime attack the prey. Grew.
The neceffity of fpittle to diffolve the aliment appears from
the contrivance of nature in making the/olivary dudls of ani¬
mals which ruminate, extremely open : fuch animals as fwallow their aliment without chewing, want/olivary glands.
Arbutbnot on Aliments.
To Sa'livate. v. a. [from jaliva, Latin.] To purge by the
falival glands.
She was prepoffeffed with the fcandal of/alivating, and
went out of town. Wt/eman's Surgery.
Saliva'tion. n./ [from/alivate.'] A method of cure much
pradlifed of late in venereal, fcrophulous, and other obftinate
caufes, by promoting a fecretion of fpittle. Quincy.
Holding of ill-tafted things in the mouth will make a fmall
/alivation. Grew's Co/mol-.
Sali'vous. adj. [from jaliva.] Confifiing of fpittle; having
the nature of fpittle.
There happeneth an elongation of the uvula, through the
abundance of Jalivous humour flowing upon it. Wi/eman.
Sa'lleting } ”*•/• [corruPte^ by pronunciation from/alad.]
I tried upon/allet oil. Boyle.
Sow fome early/alleting. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Sa'lliance. «./ [from /ally.] The adt of ifluing forth j fally.
A word not inelegant, but out of ufe.
Now mote I weet.
Sir Guyon, why with fo fierce /alliance
And fell intent, ye did at earft me meet. Fairy Queen.
Sa'llow. n./ [jdlix, Latin.] A tree of the genus of willow.
See Willow.
Sallows and reeds on banks of rivers born,
Remain to cut to flay thy vines. Dryden.
SA'LLOW. adj. ~\Jalo, German, black; /ale, French, foul. 1
Sickly; yellow.
What a deal of brine
Hath wafht thy/allow cheeks for Rofaline ? Shake/peare.
The fcene of beauty and delight is chang’d :
No rofes bloom upon my fading cheek,
Nor laughing graces wanton in my eyes ;
But haggard grief, leanAodkxng/ailoiv care.
And pining difcontent, a rueful train,
Dwe 1 on my brow, all hideous and forlorn. Rowe.
Sallowness. n./. [from/allow.~\ Yellownefs; fickly palenefs.
A fifti-diet would give fuch a /allowne/s to the celebrated
beauties of this ifland, as would fcarce make them diftinguilhable from thofe of France. Addi/on.
SA'LLY. n./ [/aMe, French.]
1. Eruption; illue from a place befieged; quick egrefs.
7 he deputy fat down before the.town for the fpace of three
Winter months; during which time /allies were made by the
Spaniards, but they were beaten in with lofs. Bacon.
2. Range; excurfion.
Every one fhall know a country better, that makes often
/allies into it, and traverfes it up and down, than he that, like
a mill-horfe, goes ftill round in the fame track. Locke.
3. Flight; volatile or Uprightly exertion.
Thefe palTages were intended for/allies of wit; but whence
comes all this rage of wit? Stillingfleet.
4. Efcape; levity; extravagant flight; frolick; wild gaiety;
exorbitance.
At h is return all was clear, and this excurfion was efteemed
but a /ally of youth. IVotton.
’Tis but a /ally of youth. Denham's Sophy.
We have written fome things which we may wifh never to
have thought on: fome /allies of levity ought to be imputed
to youth. Swift,
The epifodical part, ma’e up of the extravagant/allies of
the prince ol Wales and Falftaff’s humour, is of his own in¬
vention. Shake/peare lllujlrated.
j
'to Sa'lly. v. n. [front the noiin.] To make an erUption; td
ifliie out.
The Turks /allying forth, received thereby great hurt. Knbid,
The noife of fome tumultuous fight:
They break the tfucfc, and /ally out by night: Dryden«
The fummons take of the lame trumpet’s call;
To /ally from ofle port, of man one ptiblick wall. Tate:
Sa'llypoUt. n./. [/ally and port.] Gatb at which Lillies are
made.
My flippbry foul had quit the fort,
But that fhe flopp’d the/allyport. Cleaveland.
Lovfe to out citadel reforts
Through thofe deceitful Jallyports;
Our fentinek betray oUr forts. , Denham. ,
Sa'lmacundi. n:/. [It is faid to be corrupted from /elon moti
gout, or tale d tnon gout.] A mixture of chopped meat
and picklfed herrings with Gil, Vinegaf; pepper, and
onions.
SA'LMON; a./ [/a/mo, Latin ; /aumon, Ffench.]
The falmon is accounted the king of frelh-watef fifb, and
is bred in rivers relating to the fea, yet fo far from it as ad¬
mits no tiridlure of brackilhnefs. He is faid to breed or call:
his fpawn in moll rivers in the month of Auguft: fome fay
that then they dig a hole in a fafe place in the gravel,; and there
place their eggs br fpawn, after the melter has done his natural
office, and then cover it oVer with gravel and Hones, and fo
leave it to their Creator’s protection; who, by a gentle heat
which he infufes into that cold element, makes it brood and
beget life in the fpawn, and to become famlets early in the
Spring: having fpent their appointed time, and done this na¬
tural duty in the frefh waters, they hafte to the fea before
Winter, both the melter and fpawner. Sir Francis Bacon
obferves the age of a/almon exceeds not ten years: his growth
is very fudden, fo that after he is got into the fea he becomes
from a famlet, not fo big as a gudgeon, to be a falmon, in aft
fhort a time as a gofling becomes a goofe. iValton's Angler.
They poke them with an inftrument fomewhat like the /al¬
mon fpear. Carew's Survey 0/Cornwal.
They take /almon and trouts by groping and tickling them
under the bellies in the pools, where they hover, and fo throw
them on land. ' Carew.
Of fifties, you find in arms the whale, dolphin,/almon and
trout. Peacham.
Sa'lmontrout. n./. A trout that has fome refemblance to a
falmon ; a famlet.
There is in many rivers that relate to the fea/almontrouts aft
much different from others, in fiiape and fpots, as ftieep differ
in their fhape and bignefs. Waltons Angler.
Salpj'con. n./. [In cookery ] A kind of farce put into
holes cut in legs of beef, veal, or mutton. Bailey.
Salsamenta'rious. adj. [JalJ'amentarius, Latin.] Belonging
to fait things. Dipt.
Sa'lsify. n. /. [Latin.] A plant.
Sal/i/y, or the common fort of goatfbeard, is of a very long
oval figure, as if it were cods all over ftreaked, and engraven
in the fpaces between the ilreaks, which are (harp pointed
towards the end. Mortim>r's Hujbandry.
Salsoa'cid. adj. [/aljus and acidus, Latin.] Having a tafte
compounded of faltnefs and fournefs.
TheJa/oacids help its paffing off; as fal prunel. Flayer.
Salsu'ginous. adj. [/al/ugo, Latin.] Saltifh; fomewhat
fait.
The diftinction of falts, whereby they are diferiminated
into acid, volatile, or/al/uginous, if I may fo call the fugitive
falts of animal fubftances, and fixed or alcalizate, may appear
of much ufe in natural philofophy. Boyle.
SALT, n./ [/alt, Gothick; yealt, Saxon ; /al, Latin; jel,
French.]
1. Salt is a body whofe two effential properties feem to be diffolubility in water, and a pungent fapor : it is an adlive incombuftible fubftance: it gives all bodies confiftence, and preferves them from corruption, and occafions all the variety of
taftes. There are three kinds of falts, fixed, volatile, and
effential: fixed fait is drawn by calcining the matter, then
boiling the allies in a good deal of water: after this the folution is filtrated, and all themoifture evaporated, when the fait
remains in a dry form at the bottom : this is called a lixivious
fait. Effential fait is that drawn chiefly from the parts of ani¬
mals, and fome putrified parts of vegetables: it rifes eafily,
and is the moft volatile of any. The eflential fait is drawn
from the juice of plants by cryftalization. Harris.
Is not difeourfe, manhood, learning, gentlenefs, virtue and
liberality, the (pice and /alt thatfeafons a man ? Shake/p.
He perfidioufly has given up,
For certain drops of /alt, your city Rome,
To his wife and mother. Shak. Coriolanus.
binec/alts differ much, fome being fixt, fome volatile, fome
acid, and fome urinous, the two qualities wherein they agree
aie, that it is eafily diffoluble in Water, and affects the palate
with a fapour, good or evil. Boyle.
A particle
3
SAL S A L
A particle of fait may be compared to a chaos* being denfe,
hard, dry, and earthy in the centre, and rare, foft, andmoift
in the circumference* Newton's Opt.
Salts are bodies friable and brittle, in fome degree pellucid,
(harp or pungent to the tafte, and difloluble in water; but af¬
ter that is evaporated, incorporating, cryftalizing, and forming
themfelves into angular figures. Woodward.
2. Tafte; fmack
Though we are juftices and do£fors, and churchmen, Mr.
Page, we have fome Jalt of our youth in us; we are the Tons
of women. Sbakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
3. Wit; merriment.
Salt.- adj.
1. Having the tafte of fait: asfait fi(h.
We were better parch in Africk fun.
Than in the pride andfait fcorn of his eyes. Shakefp.
Thou old and true Menenius,
Thy tears are falter than a younger man’s.
And venomous to thine eyes, Sbakef Coriolanus.
It hath been obferved by the ancients, thatJalt water will
diflolve fait put into it in lefs time than frelh water. Bacon.
2. Impregnated with fait.
Hang him, mechanical fait butter rogue: I will awe him
with my cudgel. Sbakef Merry Wives of Windfor.
A leap into fait waters very often gives a new motion to
the fpirits, and a new turn to the blood. Addifon.
3. Abounding with fait.
He {hall inhabit the parched places in the wildernefs in a
fait land, and not inhabited. Jer. xvii. 6.
In Cheflfire they improve their lands by letting out the
water of the fait fprings on them, always after rain. Mortim.
4. [Salax, Lat.] Lecherous; falacious.
Be a whore ftill:
Make ufe of thyfait hours, feafon the flaves
For tubs and baths; bring down the rofe-cheek’d youth
To the tub-faft, and the diet, Sbakefp.’Timon.
All the charms of love.
Salt Cleopatra, foften thy wan lip ! Sbakef Ant. andCleop.
This new married man, approaching here,
Whofe fait imagination yet hath wrong’d
Your well defended honour, you muft pardon. Shakefp.
To Salt. v. a. [from the noun.] To feafon with fait.
If the offering was of flelh, it wasfalted thrice. Brown.
Sa'lt-pan. 1 n. f. [fait and pan, or pit.] Pit where fait is
Sa'lt-pit. J got.
Moab and Ammon fhall be as the breeding of nettles, faltpits, and a perpetual defolation. Zeph. ii. 9.
Cicero prettily calls them falinasfalt-pans, that you may
extract fait out of, and fprinkle where you pleafe. Bacon.
The ftratum lay at about twenty-five fathom, by the duke
of Somerfet’sfalt-pans near Whitehaven. Woodward on Fojftls.
Sa'ltant. adj. [faltans, Latin.] Jumping; dancing.
Salta'tion. n.f [Jaltatio, Latin.]
1. The a£t of dancing or jumping.
The locufts being ordained for faltation, their hinder legs
do far exceed the others. Broiuns Vulgar Errours.
2. Beat; palpitation.
if the great artery be hurt, you will difeover it by itsfalta¬
tion and florid colour. Wifeman's Surgery.
Sa'ltcat. n.f.
Many give a lump of fait, which they ufually call a
faltcat, made at the falterns, which makes the pigeons much
affeiSt the place. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Saltce'llar. n.f ffait and cellar.] Veflel of fait let on the
table.
When any fait is fpilt on the table-cloth, {hake it out into
the faltcellar. Swift's Directions to the Butler.
Sa'lter. n.f. [fromfait.]
j. One who falts.
2. One who fells fait.
After thefe local names, the moft have been derived from
occupations ; as fmith, Jdlter, armorer. Camden's Remains.
Sa'ltern. n.f A faltwork.
A lump of fait, which they ufually call a faltcat, made for
that purpofe at the falterns, makes the pigeons much affeit the
place. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Salti'nbanco. n.f. [ faltare in banco, to climb on a bench, as
a mountebank mounts a bank.] A quack or mountebank.
Saltinborn oes, quackfalvers, and charlatans deceive them:
were A.fop alive, the Piazza and P©nt-neuf could not fpeak
their fallacies. Browns Vulgar Errours.
He play’d the faltinbanco's part.
Transform’d t’ a Frenchman by my art. Hudibras.
Sa'ltieK. n. J [fau'ticre, French.]
A jaltier is made in the form of a St. Andrew’s crofs, and
by fome is taken to be an engine to take wild beafts withal :
in French it is called un fautdr: it is an honourable bearing.
Peacham on Blazoning.
Saltish, adj. [humfait] Somewhat fait.
Soils of a faltijh nature improve fandy grounds. Mortimer.
Sa'lti.ESS. adj. [from Jalt] Infipid ; not tailing of fait.
Sa'ltly. adu. [fromJalt.] With tafte of fait; in a fait manner.
Sa'ltness. n.f. [fromfait.] Tafte of fait.
Salt water palling through earth, through ten veflels, oite
within another, hath not loft itsJ'altneJs, fo as to become pot¬
able; but drained through twenty, become frelh. Bacon.
Some think their wits have been afleep, except they dart
out fomewhat that is piquant and to the quick : men ought to
find the difference between faltnefs and bitternefs. Bacon.
Sa'ltpetre. n.f. [fal petree, Latin ; fal petre,¥r.] Nitre.
Nitre, orfaltpetre, having a crude and windy fpirit, by the
heat of the fire fuddenly dilateth. Bacon.
Nitre or faltpetre, in heaps of earth, has been extracted, if
they be expofed to the air, fo as to be kept from rain. Locke.
SalvabFlity. n.f. [fromfalvable.] Poftibility of being re¬
ceived to everlafting life.
Why do we Chriftians fo fiercely argue againft the falvability of each other, as if it were our wifh that all fhouid be
damned, but thofe of our particular fedf. Decay of Piety.
SA'LVABLE. adj. [fromfalvo, Latin.] Poffible to be faved.
Our wild fancies about God’s decrees, have in event repro¬
bated more than thofe decrees, and have bid fair to the damn¬
ing of many whom thofe leftfalvable. Decay of Piety.
Salvage, adi. [faulvage, French; felvaggio, Italian, from
filva, Latin.] Wild; rude; cruel. It is now fpoken and
written favage.
May the Eflexian plains
Prove as a defert, and none there make ftay
Butfavage beafts, or men as wild as they. Waller.
A favage race inur’d to blood. Dryden.
Salva'tion. n.f. [from falvo, Latin.] Prefervation from
eternal death; reception to the happinefs of heaven.
As life and death, mercy and wrath, are matters of meer
underftanding or knowledge, all mensfalvation, and all mens
endlefs perdition, are things fo oppofite, that whofoever doth
affirm the one muft neceftarily deny the other. Hooker.
Him the moft High,
Wrap’d in a balmy cloud with winged fteeds,
Did, as thou faw’ft, receive; to walk with God
High in falvation, and the climes of blifs,
Exempt from death. Milton's Parad. Lo/l, b. xi.
Sa'lvatory. n.f [falvatoire, French.] A place where any
thing is preferved.
I confider the admirable powers of fenfation, phantafy,
and memory, in whatJalvatories or repofitories the fpecies of
things paft are conferved. Hale's Origin ofMankind.
SALU'BRIOUS. adj. [Jalubris, Latin.] Wholfome; health¬
ful ; promoting health.
The warm limbeck draws
Salubrious waters from the nocent brood. Phillips.
Muft we then refign our worthy paftor to thefalubrious air
of Kiltearn, rather than he fhouid longer breathe in the grofler
vapours of Invernefs ? Macbean s Remonflranee.
Salu'brity. n.f [from falubrious.] Wholfomenefs ; healthfulnefs.
Salve, n.f. [This word is originally and properly falf, which
havingfalxes in the plural, the Angular in time was borrowed
from it: yealjr, Saxon, undoubtedly fromJ'alvus, Latin.] A
glutinous matter applied to wounds and hurts; an emplafter.
Let us hence, my fov’reign, to provide
A falve for any fore that may betide. Shak. Henry VI.
Go ftudy falve and treacle; ply
Your tenant’s leg, or his fore eye. Cleaveland.
Sleep is pain’s eafieftfalve, and doth fulfil
All offices of death, except to kill. Donne.
The royal fword thus drawn, has cur’d a wound,
For which no otherJalve could have been found. Waller.
Though moft were forely wounded, none were {lain j
The furgeons foon defpoil’d them of their arms.
And fome with falves they cure. Dryden.
2. Plelp; remedy.
If they {hall excommunicate me, hath the do&rine of
meeknefs anyfalve for me then ? Hammond.
To Salve, v. a. [falvo, Latin; or from the noun.]
1. To cure with medicaments applied.
Many fkilful leeches him abide,
Tofalve his hurts. Fairy Queen.
It mould be to little purpofe for them to falve the wound,
by making proteftations in difgrace of their own actions. Hook.
The which if I perform, and do furvive,
I do befeech your majefty may falve •
The long grown wounds of my intemperature. Sb. H. 1 ,
2. To help; to remedy.
Some feek tofalve their blotted name
With others blot, ’till all do tafte of fhame.
is
Sidney
both full Our mother-tongue, which truly of
enough for profe, and /lately enough for verfe. hath long time
been counted moll bare and barren of both; wh,eh default,
when as fome endeavoured to/efoe and eure, they patched up
the holes with rags from other languages. . P Je
To help or five by a falvo, an excufe, or rcfervation.
Ignorant I am not how this afated; they do it but after
the truth is made manifeft. hoo er.
My
SAL S A N
My more particular,
And that which molt with you ftiouldfalve my going.
Is Fulvia’s death. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
The fchooimen were like the aftronomers, who, to falve
phenomena, framed to their conceit eccentriclcs and epicy¬
cles ; fo thev, to j'alvc the praftice of the chufch, had devifed
a great number of ftrange portions. Bacon.
There mult be another itate to make up the inequalities of
this, and /alve all irregular appearances. Aiterbury.
This conduit might give Horace the hint to fay, that when
Homer was at a lols to bring any difficult matter to an ifi’ue,
he laid his hero afleep, and thisJaived all difficulty. Broome.
4. [Fromfalve, Latin.J To falute. Obfolete.
I hat ftranger knight in prefence came.
And goodlyJaived them ; who nought again
Him anfwered as courtefy became Fairy fpuecn.
Sa'lver. n f. [A velTel, I fuppofe, ufed at full to carry away of
fave what was left.] A plate on which any thing is prefented.
He has printed them in fuch a portable volume, that many
of them may be ranged together on a fingle platfe; and is of
opinion, that a faker of fpedfators would be as acceptable an
entertainment for the ladies, as a falver of fweetmeats. Addf.
Between each ait the tremblingfakers ring,
Ffotfi foup to fweet wine. Pope.
SA'LIO. n.f [from fall 0 jure, Latin, a form ufed in granting
any thing: as fulco jure putei.] An exception; a refervation ; an excufe.
They admit many fakes, cautions, and refervations,’ fb as'
they crofs not the chief defign. King Charles.
It will be hard if he cannot bring himfelf off at laft with
foinefalvo or diftinction, and be his own confeffor. UEfr.
If others of a more ferious turn join with us deliberately in
their religious profeffions of loyalty, with any private falvoes
or evafions, they would do well to confider thofe maxims in
which all cafuifts are agreed. AJdifon.
Sa'lutariness. n f [from falutary.~\ Wholfomenefs; qua¬
lity of contributing to health or fafety.
SA'LUTARY. adj. [falutaire, Fr. /alutaris, Latin.] Wholfome; healthful; fafe; advantageous; contributing to health
or fafety.
The gardens, yards, and avenues are dry and clean; and
fo more falutary as more elegant. Ray.
It was want of faith in our Saviour's countrymen, which
hindered him from fhedding among them the falutary emanations of his divine virtue; and he did not many mighty works
there, becaufe of their unbelief. Bentley.
Saluta'tion. n.f. [falutation, Fr. falutatio, Latin.] The
aft or ftile of faluting; greeting.
The early village cock
Hath twice done falutation to the morn. Shakefp. R. III.
Thy kingdom’s peers
Speak my falutation in their minds ;
Whofe voices I defire aloud with mine.
Hail, king of Scotland ! Shakefp. Macbeth.
On her the angel hail
Bellow’d, the holyfalutation ufed
To bleft Mary. Milton.
In all publick meetings, or private addreffis, ufe thofe forms
of falutation, reverence and decency, ufual amongfl the moft
fober perfons. Taylor s Rule of living holy.
Court and flate he wifely fhuns;
Nor brib’d, to fervile jalutations runs. Dryden s Horace.
To Salu'te. v. a. [Jaluto, Latin ; Jaluer, French.]
1. To greet; to hail.
The golden fun falutes the morn.
And, having gilt the ocean with his beams,
Gallops the zodiack in his glift’ring coach. Shakef. Tit. And.
One hour hence
Shall falute your grace of Yoik as mother. Shak. R. III.
2. To pleafe ; to gratify.
Would I had no being.
If thisfalute my blood a jot: it faints me,
To think what follows. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
q. To kifs. ,
Salu'te. n.f. [from the verb.]
I. Salutation; greeting.
'['he cuftom of praying for thofe that fneeze is more an¬
cient than thefe opinions hereof: fo that not any one difeafe
has been the occafion of thisfalute and deprecation. Brown.
O, what avails me now that honour high
To have conceiv’d of God, or thatfalute,
Hail highly favour’d, among women bleft ! Farad. Reg.
Continual falutes and addrelfes entertaining him all the way,
kept him from faving fo great a life, but with one glance of
his eye upon the paper, ’till he came to the fatal place where
he was ftabbed. South's Sermons.
I fhall not trouble my reader with the firft falutes of our
three friends. Addijon.
2 A kifs.
There cold falutes, but here a lover’s kifs. jRofcommon.
Salu'ter. n.f. [itoatfalute.] He who falutes.
Saluti'ferous. adj. [falutifer, Latin.] Healthy; bringing
health.
'The king commanded him to go to the fouth of France,'
believing that nothing would contribute more to the reftoring of his former vigour than the gentle Jalutiferous air of
Montpelier. . tennis's Letters.
SAME. adj. [fame, Gothick; fammo, Swedilh.]
j. Not different; not another; identical; being of the like
kind, fort, or degree. , .
Mifo, as fpitefully as her rotten voice could Otter it, fet
forth the fanee fins of Amphialas. Sidney.
The tenor of man s woe
Holds on the fatne. Muton.
Th’ etherial vigour is in all the fame,
And ev’ry foul is fill’d with equal flame. Dryden s /En.
If itfelf had been coloured, it would have tranfmitted all
vifible objects tinctured with the fame colour ; as we fee what¬
ever is beheld through a coloured glal , appears of the fame
colour with the glafs. Roy on the Creation.
The merchant does not keep money by him; but if you
confider what money mull be lodged in the bankers hands,
the cafe will be much the fame. Locke.
The fame plant produceth as great a variety of juices as
there is in the fame animal. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2, That which was mentioned before.
Do but think how well the fame he fpends,
Who fpends his blood his country to relieve. Daniel.
Sa'meness. n.f. [from fame.] Identity; the ftate of being
not another; not different.
Difference of perfuafion in matters of religion may eafily
fall out, where there is the famenefs of duty, allegiance, and
fubjection. King Charles.
If all courts have a famenefs in them, things may be as they
were in my time, when all employments went to parliamentmens friends. Swift.
Sa'mxet. n.f. [falmonct, orfalmonlct.] A little falmo.n.
Sir Francis Bacon obferves the age of a falmon exceeds notT
ten years, fo his growth is very fudden : after he is got into
the lea he becomes from afam'.et, not fo big as a gudgeon, to
be a falmon, in as fliort a time as a golfing becomes a goofe.
Walton’s Angler.
Sa'mphir£. n.f [faint Pierre, French; rithmum, Latin.]
A plant preferred in pickle.
The leaves are thick, fucculent, narrow, branchy, and
trifid: the flowers grow in an umbel, each confiding of five
leaves, which expand in form of a rofe: the empalement of
the flower becomes a fruit, confiding of two plain and gently
ftreaked leaves. This plant grows in great plenty upon the
rocks near the fea-fhore, where it is walhed by the fait water.
It is greatly efteemed for pickling, and is fometimes ufed inf
medicine. Miller.
Half way down
Hangs one that gathers famphire: dreadful trade !
Methinks he feems no bigger than his head. Shakefp.
Sa'mple. n. f. [from example.] A fpecimen ; a part of the
whole Ihown that judgment maybe made of the whole.
Fie intreated them to tarry but two days, and he himfelf
would bring them afample of the oar. Raleigh.
I have not engaged myfelf to any: I am not loaded with a
full cargo: ’tis fufficient if I bring a fample of fome goods in
this voyage. Drydert.
I defign this but for afample of what I hope more fully to
difeufs. Woodward.'s Natural Hijiory.
Determinations of juftice were very fummary and decifive,
and generally put an end to the vexations of a law-fuit by the
ruin both of plaintiff and defendant: travellers have recorded
fomefamples of this kind. Addijon.
From moft bodies
Some little bits afle leave to flow;
And, as through thefe canals they roll.
Bring up afample of the whole. Prior.
To Sa'mple. v. a. To (how fomething fimilar. Ainfworth.
Sa'mpler. n.f. [exemplar, Latin; whence it is fometimes
written famplar.] A pattern of work; a piece worked by
young girls for improvement.
O love, why do’ft thou in thy beautifulfampler fet fuch a
work for my defire to fet out, which is impoffible. Sidney.
Fair Philomela, Ihe but loft her tongue,
And in a tediousfa7npler few’d her mind. Shak. Tit. Andr.
We created with our needles both one flower,
Both on onefamplar, fitting on one cufhion;
Both warbling of one fong, both in one key,
As if our hands, our fides, voices and minds
Had been incorp’rate. _ Shakefpeare.
Coarfe complexions,
And cheeks of forry grain, will ferve to ply
The fampler, and to teize the houfewife’s wool. Milton.
I faw her fober over a Jampler, or gay over a jointed
. Pope.
Sa nable. adj. [fanabilis, Latin.] Curable; fufeeptive of re¬
medy ; remediable.
Sanction, n.f. [fanatio, Latin.] The a& of curing.
23 C Confider
SAN SAN
Confider well the member, and, if you have no probable
hope of fanation, cut it oft'quickly. IVifeman's Surgery.
Sa'native. adj. [from fano.] Powerful to cure; healing.
The vapour of coltsfoot hath a fanative virtue towards the
lungs. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Sa'nativeness. n.f [from fanative.] Power to cure.
Sanctification. n.f. [fanClification, Fr. fromfanilifeo, low
Latin.]
1. The ftate of being freed, or a<ft of freeing from the dominion
of fin for the time to come.
The grace of hisfanClification and life, which was firft re¬
ceived in him, might pafs from him to his whole race, as ma¬
lediction came from Adam unto all mankind. HoJer.
2. The a£t of making holy; confecration.
The bifnop kneels before the crofs, and devoutly adores and
kiffes it: after this follows a long prayer for the fanClification
of that new fign of the crofs. Stillingfleet.
Sa'nctifier. n.f. [from fanClifyl] He that fanCtifies or makes
holy.
To be the fanCiifier of a people, and to be their God, is all
one. Derham’s Phyfico-Theology.
To SA'NCTIFY. v. a. \fanCiifier, Fr. fanClifico, Latin.]
1. To free from the power of fin for the time to come.
For if the blood of bulls, fprinkling the unclean, fanClifieth
to the purifying of the flefh, how much more fhall the blood
of Chrift? Heb. ix. 13.
2. To make holy ; to make a means of holinefs.
The gofpel, by not making many things unclean, as the
law did, hath fanClified thofe things generally to all, which
particularly each man to himfelf mull fanClify by a reverend
and holyufe. Hooker.
Thofe judgments God hath been pleafed to fend upon me,
are fo much the more welcome, as a means which his mercy
hath fanClified fo to me as to make me repent of that unjuft
act. King Charles.
Thofe external things are neither parts of our devotion, or
by any ftrength in themfelves direCt caufes of it; but the grace
of God is pleafed to move us by ways fuitable to our nature,
and tofanClify thefe fenfible helps to higher purpofes. South.
What actions can exprefs the intire purity of thought,
which refines and fanClifies a virtuous man ? Addifin.
3. To make free from guilt.
The holy man, amaz’d at what he faw.
Made hafte to fanClify the blifs by law. Dryden.
4. To fecure from violation.
Truth guards the poet, fanClifies the line. Pope.
Sanctimo'nious. adj. [from fanClimonia, Latin.] Saintly;
having the appearance of fanCtity.
A fanClimonious pretence, under a pomp of form, without
the grace of an inward integrity, will not ferve the turn. L’EJl.
Sa'nctimony. n.f. \_fanClimonia, Latin.] Holinefs; ferupulous aufterity; appearance of holinefs.
IffanClimony, and a frail vow between an errant Barbarian
and a fuperfubtle Venetian, be not too hard for my wit, and
all the tribe of hell, thou (halt enjoy her. Shak. Othello.
Her pretence is a pilgrimage to St. Jaques le Grand, which
holy undertaking, with molt auftere fanClimony, fhe accomplifh’d. Shakefpeare’s All’s well that ends well.
There was great reafon why all difereet princes fhould be¬
ware of yielding hafty belief to the robes of fanClimony. Ral.
Sa'nction. n.f. [fanClion, French ; fanClio, Latin.J
1. The aCf of confirmation which gives to any thing its obliga¬
tory power; ratification.
I have kill’d a Have,
And of his blood caus’d to be mixt with wine:
Fill every man his bowl. There cannot be
A fitter drink to make thisfanClion in. Ben. Johnf Catd.
Againft the publick fanCtions of the peace,
With fates averfe, the rout in arms refort.
To force their monarch. Dryden’s /.Bn.
There needs no pofitive law orfanClion of God to ftamp an
obliquity upon fuch a difobedience. South.
By the laws of men, enaCted by civil power, gratitude is
not enforced ; that is, not enjoined by the function of penal¬
ties, to be infliCfed upon the perfon that fhall not be found
grateful. South’s Sermons.
The fatisfaClions of the Chriftian life, in its prefent prac¬
tice and future hopes, are not the mere raptures of enthufiafm,
as the ftriCtcft profeflors of reafon have added the fanClion of
their teftimony. Watts.
This word is often made the fanClion of an oath: it is
reckoned a great commendation to be a man of honour. Swift.
Wanting fanClion and authority, it is only yet a private
work- Baker on Learning.
2. A law; a decree ratified. Improper.
I is the firft function nature gave to man.
Each other to affift in what they can. Denham.
Sa'nctitude. n f [fromfanClus, Latin.] Holinefs; goodnefs; faintlinefs.
In their looks divine
The image of their glorious Maker (hone.
Truth, wifdom, fanClitude, ferenc and pure. Milton.
Shakefpeare.
Sa'nctity. n f [fanClitas, Latin. ]
1. Holinefs; the ftate of being holy.
At his touch,
Such fanCtity hath heaven given his hand,
'l hey prefently amend. Shakefpeare.
God attributes to place
"No fanCtity, if none be thither brought
By men who there frequent. Milton.
2. Goodnefs ; the quality of being good ; purity; godlinefs.
This youth
I reliev’d with fuch fanCtity of love,
And to his image, which methought did promife
Moft venerable worth, did I devotfon. Shakefpeare.
It was an obfervation of the ancient Romans, that their
empire had not more increafed by the ftrength of their arms
than the fanCtity of their manners. Addifon.
3. Saint; holy being.
About him all the fanClilies of heav’n
Stood thick as ftars, and from his fight receiv’d
Beatitude paft utt’rance. Milton.
To Sa'nctuarise. v. n. [from fanCluary.] To fhelter by
means of facred privileges.
No place indeed fhould murder fanduarife. Shakefp.
SANCTUARY, n.f. [fanCluaire, Fr. fanduariutn, Latin ]
1. A holy place; holy ground. Properly the penetralia, or moft
retired and awful part of a temple.
Having wafte ground enough.
Shall we defire to raze the fanCluary,
And pitch our evils there.
They often plac’d
Within hisfanCluary itfelf their fhrines. Milton.
Let it not be imagined, that they contribute nothing to the
happinefs of the country who only ferve God in the duties of
a holy life, who attend his fanCluary, and daily addrefs his
goodnefs. Rogers’s Sermons.
2. A place of j3roteCiion ; a facred afylum: whence a fanCluary
man, one who takes fhelter in a holy place.
Come, my boy, we will to fanCluary. Shakefp. R. Ill,
I’ll hence forthwith unto the fanCluary,
To fave at leaft the heir of Edward’s right. Shak. H. VI.
Oft have I heard offanCluary men ;
ButfanCluary children, ne’er ’till now. Shakef. R. III.
He fled to Beverly, where he and divers of his company
regiftered themfelves fanCluary men. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Howfoever thefanCluary man was protedbed from his credi¬
tors, yet his goods out offanCluary fhould not. Bacon’s H. VII.
This our high place, ourfanCluary, our hill. Milton.
3. Shelter; prote&ion.
What are the bulls to the frogs, or the lakes to the mea¬
dows? Very much, fays the frog; for he that’s worfted will
be fure to take fanCluary in the fens. L’Ejlrange.
The admirable works of painting were made fuel for the
fire ; but fome reliques of it tookfanCluary under ground, and
efcaped the common deftiny. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
SAND, n.f [fand, Danifh and Dutch.]
1. Particles of ftone not conjoined, or ftone broken to powder.
That finer matter called fand, is no other than very fmall
pebbles. Woodward.
Here i’ th’fands
Thee I’ll rake up, the poft unfandbified. Shakef. K. Lear.
Hark, the fatal followers do purfue !
The fands are number’d that make up my life:
Here mull I flay, and here my life muft end. Shak. H. VI.
Sand hath always its root in clay, and there be no veins of
fand any great depth within the earth. Bacon.
Calling for more paper to referibe, king Fhilip fhewed him
the difference betwixt the ink box and fand box. Howel.
If quickfilver be put into a convenient glafs veffel, and that
veffel exadbly flopped, and kept for ten weeks in a fand fuxrace, whofe heat may be conftant, the corpufcles that conftitute the quickfilver will, after innumerable revolutions, be fo
connected to one another, that they will appear in the form of
a red powder. Boyle.
Engag’d with money bags, as bold
As men withfand bags did of old. Hudibras.
The force of water cafts gold out from the bowels of
mountains, and expofes it among the fands of rivers. Dryden.
Shells are found in the greatfand pit at Woolwich. JVoodw.
Celia and I, the other day,
Walk’d o’er the fand hills to the fea. Prior.
2. Barren country covered with fands.
Moft of his army being flain, he, with a fevV of his friends,
fought to fave themfelves by flight over the hefextfands. KnoLes.
Her fons fpread
Beneath Gibraltar to the Lybian ,/r/Wr. Muton.
Sa'ndal. n.f. [fandale, Fr. fandatium, Latin] A joofe fhoe.
Thus fung the uncouth fwain to th oaks and nils, ^ ^
While the ftill morn went out with fandals grey. Milton.
From his robe
Flow's light ineffable: his harp, his quiver.
And Lycian bow are gold : with golden Jandals
H is feet a re fhod.
1 he
SAN SAN
Thefandals of celeftial mold,
Fledg’d with ambrofial plumes, and rich with gold,
Surround her feet. Pope's Odyjfey.
Sa'ndarak. n.f. [fandaraque, French; fandaraca, Latin.]
i.A mineral of a bright right colour, not much unlike to red
arfenick. Bailey.
2 A white gum oozing out of the juniper-tree. Bailey.
Sa'ndbljnu. adj [/and and blind.] Having a defe£I in the
eyes, by which fmall particles appear to fly'before them.
My true begotten father, being more than fandblind, high
gravelblind, knows me not. Shakefp. Merck, ofVenice.
SaVdbox Tree. n.f. [kura, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a funnel-Ihaped flower, confiding of one leaf, which
is fpread open at the brim, and flightly cut into twelve parts:
at the bottom of the tube is placed the pointal, which after¬
ward becomes a globular comprefled fruit, which has twelve
cells, in each of which is contained one roundifh flat feed.
The fruit of this plant, if fuffered to remain on ’till they are
fully ripe, burft in the heat of the day with a violent explofion, making a noife like the firing of a piftol, and hereby the
feeds are thrown about to a confiderable diftance. Thefe feeds,
when green, vomit and purge, and are fuppofed to be fomewhat a-kin to nux vomica. Miller.
Sa'nded. adj. [from fand.]
1. Covered with fand ; barren.
In wellfanded lands little or no fnow lies. Mortimer.
The river pours along
Refiftlefs, roaring dreadful down it comes ;
'I hen o’er thefanded valley floating fpreads. Thomfon.
2. Marked with fmall fpots ; variegated with dufky fpecks.
My hounds are bred out of the Spartan kind.
So flew’d, fo fanded, and their heads are hung
With ears that fweep away the morning dew;
Crook-knee’d and dewlap’d, like Theflalian bulls ;
Slow in purfuit; but match’d in mouth like bells.
Each under each. Shakefpeare.
Sa'nderling. n.f. A biid.
Among the firA fort we reckon coots, fanderling.r, pewets,
and mews. Carezv.
Sa'nders. n.f. [fantalum, Latin.] A precious kind of Indian
wood, of which there are three forts, red, yellow, and
green- Bailey.
Aromatize it withfinders. Wifemans Surgery.
Sa'ndever. n.f.
That which our Englifh glaffmen call fandever, and the
French, of whom probably the name was borrowed, fuindeVer, is that recrement that is made when the materials of
glafs, namely, fand and a fixt lixiviate alkali, having been firfl:
baked together, and kept long in fufion, the mixture cafts up
the fuperfluous fait, which the workmen afterwards take off
with ladles, and lay by as little worth. Boyle.
Sa'ndish. adj. [from fand.] Approaching to the nature of
fand ; loofe ; not clofe; not compact.
' Plant the tenuifolia’s and ranunculus’s in frelhfandijh earth,
taken from under the turf. Evelyns Kalendar.
Sa'ndstone. n.f. [fand and fone.] Stone of a loofe and
friable kind, that eafily crumbles into fand.
Grains of gold infandflone. grey, variegated with a faint green
and blue, from the mine of Cofta Rica, which is not reckoned
rich; but every hundred weight yields about an ounce of
gold. . JVoodward.
Sa'ndy. adj. [from fand.]
1. Abounding with fand ; full of fand.
I Ihould not fee the fandy hourglafs run,
But I Ihould think of fhallows and of flats. Shakefpeare.
Safer Ihall he be on thefandy plains,
Than where cartles mounted Hand. , Shakefp. H. VI.
A region fo defect, dry, andfandy, that travellers are fain
to carry water on their camels. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Rough unweildy earth, nor to the plough
Nor to the cattle kind, with Jandy ftones
And gravel o’er-abounding. Phillips.
O’erfandy wilds were yellow harvefts fpread. Pope.
2. Confifting of fand; unfolid.
b avour, fo bottomed upon thefandy foundation of perfonal
V rcfPcas only> cann°t be long lived. , Bacon to Villiers.
Sane. adj. [fanus, Latin.] Sound ; healthy. Baynardwrote
a poem on preferving the body in a fane and found Hate.
Sang. The preterite offng.
rThenfang Mofes and ifrael this fong unto the Lord. FT xv.
Thee next theyfang, of all creation firfl. Milton.
Sangui'feROUS. adj. [fanguifer, Latin.] Conveying blood."
The fifth conjugation of the nerves is branched to the
mufcles of the face, particularly the cheeks, whole fanguiferous veflels it twifts about. Derham s Phyfuo-Theo ogy.
SANGUIFICATION. n.f. \fanguifcation, Fr. fanguis andfacio,
Lat.] The produ&ion of blood ; the converlion of the chyle
into blood.
Since the lungs are the chief inflrument of fanguifcation,
the animal that has that organ faulty can never have the vital
juices, derived from the blood, in a good flate. Arbuthnot.
Allhmatick perfons have voracious appetites, and confc2
quently, for want of a rightfanguifcation, are lcucophlcgmatick. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Sa'nguifier. n.f. [fanguis and facio, Latin.] Producer of
blood.
Bitters, like cholcr, arc the beft fanguifers, and alfo the
heft febrifuges. Flayer on the Humours.
To Sa'nguify. v. n. [fanguis and facio, Latin.] To produce
blood.
At the fame time I think, I command : in inferior faculties,
I walk, fee, hear, dlgefd,fanguify, and carnify, by the power
of an individual foul. Hale.
Sa'nguinary. adj. [fanguinarius, Lat. fanguinaire, French ;
from fanguis, Latin.] Cruel; bloody; murtherous.
We may not propagate religion by wars, or by fanguinary
perfecutions to force confeicnees. Bacon.
The feene is now more janguinary, and fuller of aCIors:
never was fuch a confufed myfterious civil war as this. Howel.
Paflion transforms us into a kind of favages, and makes us
brutal and fanguinary. Broome’s Notes on the Odyjfey.
Sa'nguinary. n.f. [fanguis, Lat.] An herb. Ainfworth.
Sa'nguine. adj. [fangum, Fr. janguineus, from fanguis, Lat.]
1. Red ; having the colour of blood.
This fellow
Upbraided me about the rofe I wear ;
Saying, thefanguine colour of the leaves
Did reprefent my mailer’s blulhing cheeks. Shak. H. VI.
A flream of neCProus humour ilfuing flow’d
Sanguine. Milton.
Dire Tifiphone there keeps the ward,
Girt in herfanguine gown. Drydcn.
Her flag aloft, fpread ruffling to the wind.
Andfanguine ftreamers feem the flood to fire :
The weaver, charm’d with what his loom defign’d,
Goes on to fea, and knows not to retire. Dryden.
2. Abounding with blood more than any other humour; cheerful.
The cholerick fell Ihort of the longevity of thefanguine. Bro.
Though thefe faults differ in their complexions as fanguine
from melancholy, yet they are frequently united.Gw. ofTongue.
3. Warm; ardent; confident.
A fet of fanguine tempers ridicule, in the number of fop¬
peries, all fuch apprehenfions. Swift.
Sa'nguine. n.f. [fromfanguis.] Blood colour.
A griefly wound.
From which forth gulh’d a flream of gore, blood thick.
That all her goodly garments ftain’d around.
And in deepfanguine dy’d the graffy ground. Fa. ffueen.
Sa^nguineness. ) n.f [from fanguine.] Ardour; heat ofexSa nguinity. J peftation; confidence. Sanguinity is per¬
haps only ufed by Swift.
Rage, or phrenfy it may be, in fome perhaps natural cou¬
rage, orfanguinenef of temper in others; but true valour it is
not, if it knows not as well to fuffer as to do. That mind is
truly great, and only that, which Hands above the power of all
extrinfick violence; which keeps itfelf a diftineft principality,
independent upon the outward man. Decay of Piety.
I very much diftruft yourfanguinity. Swift.
Sangui'neous. adj. [fanguineus, Latin; fanguin, French.]
1. Conftituting blood.
Fhis animal of Plato containeth not only fanguineous and
reparable particles, but is made up of veins, nerves, and arter^es* Brown's Vulgar Errours.
2. Abounding with blood.
A plethorick conftitution, in which true blood abounds, is
calledfanguineous. Arbuthnot.
Sa'nhedrim. n.f. [fynedrium, Latin.] The chief council
among the Jews, confifting of feventy elders, over whom the
high prieft prefided.
Sa'nicle. n.f. [fanicle, Fr. fanicula, Latin.] A plant.
It is an umbelliferous plant, and its flower confifts of five
leaves, placed orbicularly; but bent back to the centre of the
flower, and reftingon the empalement, which becomes a fruit
compofed of two feeds, which are gibbous and prickly on one
fide, but plain on the other. Miller.
S/l'NIES. n.f. [Latin.] Thin matter; ferous excretion.
It began with a round crack in the fkin, without othermatter than a littlefanies. _ Wifeman's Surgery.
bA nious. adj. [from fames.] Running a thin ferous matter,
not a well digefted pus.
Obfervmg the ulcerfamous, I propofed digeftion as the only
way to remove the pain. IVifeman.
oanity. n.f. [fanitas, Latin.] Soundnefs of mind.
How pregnant, fometimes, his replies are?
A happinefs that often madnefs hits on.
Which fanity and reafon could not be
So profp’roufly delivered of. Shal,r« 1 *
Sank. The preterite of fink. ^Hamku
As if the opening of her mouth to Zelmane hud opened
t'Tl hcr could no. abide the violent lflue, fhefank to the ground. Sidney.
Our men followed them clofe took twn fV j j- nfhnrc CL- . . , > rook: two lhips, and gave divers
thpv f b nf t]1Cir s Wounds, whereof foon after
ihcyfanl and penthed. Ujyar wM Spain.
SANS,
SAP
SJNS* pffp. [French*] Without. Out of ufd.
Laft fcene of all,
That ends this ftrangc eventful hiftory,
Is fecond childilhnefs and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, fans eyes, fans tafte, fans every thing. Sbakefp.
For nature fo prepofteroufly to err.
Being not deficient* blind* or lame of fenfe,
Sans witchcraft could not. Shakef Othello.
SAP. n.f [yaepe, Sakon ; fap, Dutch.] The vital juice of
plants; the juice that circulates in trees and herbs.
Now fucking of the Jap of herbs mod fweet.
Or of the dew, which yet on them does lie.
Now in the fame bathing his tender feet. Spenftr.
Though now this grained face of mine be hid
In fap confuming Winter’s drizzled fnow,
And all the conduits of my blood froze up,
Yet hath my night of life fome memory. Shakefpcare.
Wound the bark of our fruit-trees,
Left, being over-proud with fap and blood,
With too much riches it confound itfelf. Sbakefp. R. II.
His prefence had infus’d
Into the plant feientialJap. Milton.
The fap which at the root is bred
In trees, through all the boughs is fpread. Waller.
Vegetables confift of the fame parts with animal fubftances, fpirit, water, fait, oil, earth; all which are con¬
tained in thefap they derive from the earth. Arbuthmt.
To Sap. v. a. [fapper, French ; zappare, Italian.] To under¬
mine; to fubvert by digging; to mine.
Their dwellings wertfapp’d by floods.
Their houfes fell upon their houlhold gods. Dryden.
7 o Sap. v. n. To proceed by mine ; to proceed invifiblv.
For the better fecurity of the troops, both afiaults are car¬
ried on byJapping. T\atler.
In vain may heroes fight, and patriots rave,
If fecret gold fays on from knave to knave. Pot
Samphire, n.f [fapphirus, Latin: fo that it is improperly
written faphyre.] A precious ftonc of a blue colour.
Saphire is of a bright blue colour. Woodward.
In enroll’d tuffs, flow’rs purfled, blue and white.
Like faphire, pearl, in rich embroidery. Shakefpcare.
He tindures rubies with their rofy hue,
And on the faphire fpreads a heavenly blue. Biackmore.
That the faphire fhould grow foul, and lofe its beauty, when
worn by one that is lecherous, and many other fabulous ftories of gems, are great arguments that their virtue is equiva¬
lent to their value. Derham.
Sa'pphirine. adj. [fapphirinus, Latin.] Made of fapphire;
refembling fapphire.
She was too fapkirine and clear for thee;
Clay, flint, and jet now thy fit dwellings be. Donne.
A few grains of fhell filver, with a convenient proportion
of powdered cryftal glafs, having been kept three hours in
fufion, I found the coliquated mafs, upon breaking the cru¬
cible, of a \oMptyfaphirme blue. Boyle.
SA'PID. adj. [fapidus, Latin.] Tafteful; palatable; making
a powerful ftimulation upon the palate.
Thus camels, to make the waterfapid, do raife the mud
with their feet. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The moft oily parts are not feparated by a flight decoftion,
’till they are difentangled from the falts; for if what remains
of the fubjed, after the infufion and decodion be continued
to be boiled down with the addition of frefh water, a fat,
fapid., odorous, vifeous, inflammable, frothy water will conllantly be found floating a-top of the boiling liquor, Arbuthn.
Sapi'dity. } n.f. [fromfapid.] Taftefulncfs; power of ftiSa'pidness. 5 mulating the palate.
As for their tafte, if their nutriment be air, neither can it
be an inftrument thereof; for the body of that element is in¬
gulfible, and void of allfapidity. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
If fapidnej's belong not to the mercurial principle of ve¬
getables and animals, it will fcarce be diferiminated from their
phlegm. Bo)le.
Sapience, n.f. [fapience, Fr. fapientia^ Latin.] Wifdom ;
iagenefs; knowledge.
Byfapience. I mean what the ancients did by philofophy;
the habit or difpofition of mind which impoiteth the love of
wifdom. Grew.
Ne only they that dwell in lowly duff,
7 he fons of darknefs and of ignorance;
But they whom thou, great Jove, by doom unjuft,
Did’ft to the top of honour earft advance :
They now, puft up with’s deignful infolence,
Defpife the brood of blefled Japience. Spcrfer.
Hhig James, of immortal memory, among all the lovers
and admirers of divine and human fapience, accomplifhed at
I heobalds his own days on earth. Wotton.
Bccaufe enterprifes guided by ill counfels have equal fuccefs to thofe by the belt judgment conducted, therefore had
\ lolence the fame external figure witli fapience. Raleigh.
Sapience and love
Immenfe, and all his father in him. fhone. Milton.
Maun.
Milton.
S A R
0 fov’reign, virtuous, preciolis of all trees
In Paradife! of operation blelt
Tofapience.
Many a wretch in Bedlam,
1 hough perhaps among the roiit
He wildly flings his filth about,
Still has gratitude and fapience
To fpare the folks that give him ha’pence.
Sa'pient. adj. [fapiensy Latin.] Wife; fage.
There the fapient king held dalliance.
Sa'pless. adj± [fap/ooS) Dutch.]
1. Wanting fap; wanting vital juice.
Pithlefs arms, like to a withei’d vine,
T hat droops hisfaplefs branches to the ground. Shah. H.Vl.
The tree of knowledge, blaffed by difputes,
Producesfaplefs leaves inllead of fruits. Denham.
T his fingie flick was lull of fap; but now in vain dots art
tie that withered bundle of twigs to itsfaplefs trunk. Swift.
2. Dry; old; hufky.
If by this bribe, well plac’d, he would enfnare
Some faplefs ufurer that wants an heir. Dryden’s Juven.
Sailing, n. J'. [from fap.] A young tree; a young plant.
Look how I am bewitch’d; behold, mine arm
Is, like a blafted fapling, wither’d up. Sbakefp. A. III.
Nurle the faplings tall, and curl the grove
With ringlets quaint. Milton.
A fapling pine he wrench’d from out the ground,
The readieft weapon that his fury found. Dryden.
What planter will attempt to yoke
A fapling with a falling oak ? Swift.
Slouch turn’d his head, faw his wife’s vig’rous hand
Wielding her oaken fapling of command. King’s Laura.
Sapona’ceous. 7 adj. [from fapo, Latin, foap.J Sopy ; reSa'ponary. J fembling foap; having the qualities of foap.
By digefting a folution of fait of tartar with od of almonds,
I could reduce them to a foftfaponary fubftance. Boyie.
Any mixture of an oily fubftance with fait, may be called a
foap: bodies of this nature are called fapcnaceous. Arbuthmt.
SAPOR. n.J. [Latin.] Tafte; power of affedfing or ftimulating the palate.
T here is fome fapor in all aliments, as being to be diftinguifhed and judged by the guff, which cannot be admitted in
air* Brown’s Vulgar hrrourj.
The fhape of thofe little particles of matter which difting*uifh the variousfaporsy odours, and colours of bodies. Waits.
Sapori'fick. adj. [Japorijque, Fr. faper and facie, Latin.]
Having the power to produce taftes.
Sa'ppiness. n.f. [from fappy.] The ftate or the quality of
abounding in fap; lucculence; juicincfs.
Sa'ppy. adj. [fromfap.]
1. Abounding in fap; juicy; fucculent.
TheJappv parts, and next refembling juice.
Were turn’d t© moifture for the body’s ufe.
Supplying humours, blood, and nourifhment. Dryden.
7 hefappy boughs
Attire themfelves with blooms, fweet rudiments
Of future harveft. Phillips.
I he green heat the ripe, and the ripe give fire to the green ;
to which the bignefs of their leaves, and hardnefs of their
ftalks, which continue moift and fappy long, doth much con¬
tribute. Mortimer.
2. Young; not firm; weak.
This young prince was brought up among nurfes, ’till he
arrived to the age of fix years: when he had palled this weak
and fappy age, he was committed to Dr. Cox. Hayward.
Sa'raband. n.f. [farabande^ Spanilh ; farabande, Ft each.] A
Spanifti dance.
The feveral modifications of this tune-playing quality in a
fiddle, to play preludes, Jarabands, jigs and gavots, are as
much real qualities in the inftrument as the thought is in the
mind of the compofer. Arbuthn. and Pope’s Mart. Scribl.
SA'RCASM. n.J. [jarcafme^ Fr. farcafmus, Latin.] A keen
reproach ; a taunt; a gibe.
Sarcafms of wit are tranfmitted in ftory. Gov. >f the Tongue.
Rejoice, O young man, fays Solomon, in a feverefarcajtriy
in the days of thy youth, and walk in the ways of thy heart;
but know that for thefe things God will bring thee into judgment. Rogers’s Sermons.
When an angry mailer fays to his fervant it is bravely done,
it is one way of giving a fevere reproach; for the words are
fpoken by way of farcafm, or irony. Watts.
Sarcastically, adv. [from JarcaJlick.] Tauntingly; feverely.
He alkcd a lady playing with a lap-dog, whether the wo¬
men of that country fifed to have any children or no ; thereby
farcajlically reproaching them for milplacing that afferftion upon
brutes, which could only become a mother to her child. South.
Sakca'stical. \ adj. [from farcafm.] Keen; taunting; teSARCA'sTlCK. ) verc.
What a fierce and farcaftick reprehenfion would this have
drawn from the fricndlhip of the wotld, and yet what a gentle
one did it receive from Chrift ? South.
Sa'ecenlt.
Milton.
SAT
Sa'rcenet. n. f [Suppofed by Skinner to be feritum faracenicurn, Latin.] Fine thin woven filk.
Why art thou then exafperate, thou idle immaterial fkein
of fley’d filk, thou green farcenet flap for a fore eye, thou taflel
of a prodigal’s purfe ? Shakefp. Troilus and Crcffida.
If they be covered, though but with linnen orfarcenet, it
intercepts the effluvium. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Thefe are they that cannot bear the heat
Of figur’d filks and underfarccnets fweat. Dryd. Juvcn.
She darts fromfarcenet ambufh wily leers*
Twitches thy fleeve, or with familiar airs
Her fan will pat the cheek; thefe fnares difdain. Gay.
To Sa'rcle. v. a. [farcler, French ; Jarculo, Latin.] To
weed corn. ^ Ainfworth.
Sarcoce'le. n f. [<rap£ and yfxv; farcocele, Fr.] A flefhy
excrefcence of the tefticles, which fometimes grow fo large as
to ftretch the fcrotum much beyond its natural fize. Quincy.
Sarco'ma. n.f [<rap)cwju,a.] A flefhy excrefcence, or lump,
growing in any part of the body, efpecially the noftrils. Bailey.
Sarco'phagous. adj. [<rccg% and (pxyu.] Flelh-eating; feed¬
ing on flefh.
Sarco phagy. n.f [<rdog and (poefuj The pradlice of eating
flefh.
There was no farcophagy before the flood ; and, without the
eating of flefh, our fathers preferved themfelves unto longer
lives than their pofterity. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
Sarco'tick. n. f. [from «r«^; farcotique, Fr.] Medicines
which fill up ulcers with new flefh; the fame as incarnatives.
By this means the humour was moderately reprefled, and
breathed forth ; the efcar alfo feparated in the fontanel: after
which the ulcer incarned with common farcoticks, and the ul¬
cerations about it were cured by ointment of tuty, and fuch
like epuloticks. Wijeman cn Infanimations.
Sarcula'tion. n.f. [farculus, Latin.] The adt of weeding;
plucking up weeds. Dill.
Sa'rdel. ~i
Sa'rdine Stone. >n.f. A fort of precious ftone.
Sa'rdius. 3
He that fat was to look upon, like a jafper and a fardine
Jlone. Rev. iv. 3.
Thou fhalt fet in it four rows of ftones: the firft row fhall
be a fardius. £x. xxviii. 17.
Sa'jrdonyx. n.f. A precious ftone.
The onyx is an accidental variety of the agat kind: ’tis of
a dark horny colour, in which is a plate of a bluifh white, and
fometimes of red : when on one or both fides the white there
happens to lie alfo a plate of a reddifh colour, the jewellers call
the ftone a fardonyx. Woodward.
Sark, n.f [j-cypjc, Saxon.]
1. A (hark or fhirk. Bailey.
2. In Scotland it denotes a fhirt.
Flaunting beaus gang with their breads open, and their
forks over their waiftcoats. Arbuthn. Hjl. ofJohn Bull.
Sarn. n.f. A Britifh word for pavement, or ftepping ftones,
ftill ufed in the fame fenfe in Berkfhire and Hampfhire.
Sa'rplier. n. f. [farpilliere, trench.] A piece of canvas for
wrapping up wares; a packing cloth. Bailey.
Sa'rrasine. n.f [In botany.] A kind of birthwort. Bailey.
Sarsapare'lla. \ n'f’ Both a tree and a Plant- Ainfworth.
Sarse. n.f. A fort of fine lawn fieve. Bailey.
ToSarse. v. a. [fajfer, French.] To fift through a farfe or
fearfe. Bailey.
Sart. n.f [In agriculture.] A piece of woodland turned into
arable. Bailey.
Sash, n.f [Of this word the etymologifts give no account: I
fuppofe it comes from fache, offavoir, to know, a fajh worn
being a mark of diftindtion ; and a jajh window being made
particularly for the fake of feeing and being feen ]
1. A belt worn by way of diftindion; a filken band worn by
officers in the army.
2. A window fo formed as to be let up and down by pullies.
^ She ventures now to lift the fajh-,
'The window is her proper fphere. Swift.
As for the poem he writ on yourfafi,
My filter tranferib’d it laft night. Swift.
She broke a pane in thefajh window that looked into the
, yard. Swift.
Sa'shoon. n.f. A kind of leather fluffing put into a boot for
the wearer’s cafe. Ainfworth.
Sassafras# A tree • one oF tlie fpecies of the corneli&n
cherry. The wood is medicinal.
Sat. The preterite offt.
The pidlure of fair Venus, that
For which, men fay, the goddefsfat,
Was loft, ’till Lely from your look
Again that glorious image took. Waller.
I anfwered not the rehearfal, becaufe I knew the author fat
to himfelf when he drew the piclure, and was the very Bays
of his own farce. Drydcn.
SA'I AN. n.f [.JJ3&* Satanas, Latin.] The prince of hell;
the devil; any wicked fpirit.
I beheld Satan as lightning fall froffl heaven. Lu. x. 18.
SAT
They are much increafed by the falfe fuggeftions of Satan.
Sanderfan's Judgment in one Vic-w>
The defpiteful a£t
Of Satan done in Paradife. Milton.
Sata'nical. \adj. [from Satan.] Devililh; infernal.
Sata'nick. 5
The faintfatanick hoft
Defenfive fcarce. Milton.
Sa'tchel. n.f. [feckel, German ; faccu/us, Latin.] A little
bag : commonly a bag ufed by fchoolboys to carry their books.
T he whining fchoolboy with hisfatchel.
And Ihining morning face* creeping like fnail
Unwillingly to fchool. Shak. As you like it.
Schoolboys iag with fatchels in their hands. Swift.
To Sate. v. a. [fatio, Latin.] To fatiate ; to glut; to pall j
to feed beyond natural defires.
Sated at length, ere long I might perceive
Strange alteration in me. Milton's Paradife Lof.
How will their bodies ftript
Enrich the victors, .while the vulturesfate
Their maws with full repaft. Philips.
Thy ufelefs ftrength, miftaken king, employ,
Sated with rage, and ignorant of joy. Prior.
Satellite, n.f. [fatelles, Lat. fatellitc, Fr. This word is com¬
monly pronounced in profe with the e mute in the plural, as in
thefmgular, and is therefore only of three fyllables ; but Pope has
in the plural continued the Latin form, and affigned it four;
I think, improperly.] A fmall planet revolving round a larger.
Four moons move about Jupiter, and five about Saturil,
called their fatellites. Locke.
The fmalleft planets are fituated neareft the fun and each
other; whereas Jupiter and Saturn, that are vaftly greater, and
have manyfatellites about them, are wifely removed to the ex¬
treme regions of the fyftem. Bentley.
Ask of yonder argent fields above.
Why Jove’sfatellites are lefs than Jove ? Pope.
Satelli'tious. adj. [from fatelles± Lat.] Confifting of fatellites.
Their folidity and opacity, and theirfatellitious attendance,
their revolutions about the fun, and their rotations about their
axis, are exactly the fame. Cheyne's Phil. PririCi
To SA'TIATE. v. a. [fatio, Latin.]
1. Tofatisfy; to fill.
Thofe lmells are the moft grateful where the degree of heat
is fmall, or the ftrength of the fmell allayed; for thefe rather
woo the fenfe than fatiate it. Bacon.
Buying of land is the refult of a full and fatiatedgain; and
men in trade feldom think of laying out their money upon
land, ’till their profit has brought them in more than their
trade can well employ. Locke.
The loofen’d winds
Hurl’d high above the clouds; ’till all their force
Confum’d, her rav’nous jaws th’ earth fatiate clos’d. Phillips.
2. To glut; to pall; to fill beyond natural defire;
Theyfatiate and foon fill,
Though pleafant. Milton.
Whatever novelty prefents, children are prefently eager to
have a tafte, and are as foonfatiated with it. Locka
He maybe fatiated, but not fatisfy’d. Norris.
3. To gratify defire.
I may yet furvive the malice of my enemies, although they
fhould befatiated with my blood. King Charles.
4* To faturate; to impregnate with as much as can be con¬
tained or imbibed.
Why does not fait of tartar draw more water out of the
air, than in a certain proportion to its quantity, but for want
of an attraiflive force after it isfatiated with water ? Newton.
Sa'tiate. adj. [from the verb.] Glutted; full to fatiety.
When it has with, it feems a participle; when of, an adjective.
Our generals, retir’d to their eftates,
In life’s cool evening, fatiate of applaufe,
Nor think of bleeding ev’n in Brunfwick’s caufe. Pope.
Now may’rs and (hrieves all hufti’d and fatiate lay,
Yet eat* in dreams, the cuftard of the day. Pope's Dune.
SatI'ety. n.f [fatietas, Latin ; fatiete, Fr.] Fulnefs beyond
defire or pleafure; more than enough; wearifomenefs of plen¬
ty ; ftate of being palled or glutted.
He leaves a (hallow plafh to plunge him in the deep,
And with fatiety feeks to quench his third. Shakefpeare.
Nothing more jealous than a favourite, efpecially towards
the warning time and fufped of fatiety. Wotton.
In all pleafures there isfatiety, and after they be ufed their
verdure ckparteth. HatmiU.
1 hey fatiate and foon fill,
Though pleafant; but thy words, with grace divine
Imbu’d, bring to their fweetnefs nojatiety.
No action, the ufefulnefs ot which has made it the matter
of duty, but a man may bear the cominual purfuit of, without
loathing otfatiety.
I he joy unequal d, if its end it gain,
VV ithoutfatiety, though e’er fo bleft,
, And but.more relilh'd as the more diftrefs'd. Pope.
tT,NL ,”•/ [JaU>!' Frenchj drato difetan, Italian; fattin,
Dutch.] A foft clofe and(hining filk.
23 D Such
SAT
a glittering fhew it bare, and fo bravely it was held up
?i om the head : upon her body fhe wore a doublet of fky-co!our
Jatiit) covered with plates of gold, and as it were nailed with
precious dones, that in it file might feem armed. Sidney.
\ he ladies drefs’d in rich fymars were feen,
Of Florence fatin, flower’d with white and green, C
And for a fbade betwixt the bloomy gridelin. Dryden. J
Her petticoat, transform’d apace,
Became black fatin flounc’d with lace. Swift.
Lay the child carefully in a cafe, covered with a mantle of
blue fatin. Arbutbn. and Pope.
SATIRE, n.f. [fatira, ancientlyfatura, Lat, not fromfatyrus,
a fatyr;fatire, Fr.] A poem in which wickednefs or folly iscenfured. Properfatire is didinguifhed, by the generality of the
reflexions, from a lampoon which is aimed againft a particular
perlon ; but they are too frequently confounded.
He dares to fing thy praifes in a clime
Where vice triumphs, and virtue is a crime;
Where ev’n to draw the piXure of thy mind.
Isfatyr on the moll of human kind. Dryden.
Satirical, ladj. [fatiricus, Latin; fatirique, French; from
SatFricK. J Jatire.]
l.Belonging to latire; employed in writing of inveXive.
T ou mud not think, that a fatyrick dyle
Allows of fcandalous and brutifh words. Rofommon.
What human kind defires, and what they fhun/
Rage, paflions, pleafures, impotence of will,
^Shall thisfatirical colleXion fill. Dryden's Juvenal
Cenforious; fevcre in language.
Slanders, fir; for the fatir cal flave fays here, that old men
have grey beards ; that their faces are wrinkled. Sbak. Hamlet.
He that hath afatirical vein, as he maketh others afraid of
his wit, fo he had need be afraid of others memory. Bacon
On me when dunces are fatirick,
I take it for a panegyrick. Swift.
Sati rically. adv. [fromfatirical.] With inveXive; with
intention to cenfure or vilify.
He applies them fatirically to fome cudoms, and kinds of
philofophy, which he arraigns. Dryden.
Sa'tirist. n.f. [from fatire.] One who writes fatires.
Wycherly, in his writings, is the fharpeft fatyriji of his
time; but, in his nature, he has all the foftnefs of the ten¬
dered difpofitions: in his writings he is fevere, bold; under¬
taking ; in his nature gentle, moded, inoffenfive. Granville.
All vain pretenders have been condantly the topicks of the
mod candid fatyrijis, from theCodrus of Juvenal to the Da¬
mon of Boileau. Letter to the Publifher of the Dtinciad.
Yet foft his nature, though fevere his lay;
His anger moral, and his wifdom gay :
Bled fatyriji! who touch’d the mean fo true,
As fliow’d vice had his hate and pity too. Pope.
To Sa'tirize. v. a. [fatirizer, Fr. fromfatire.] To cenfure
as in a fatire.
Covetoufnefs is defcribed as a veil cad over the true mean¬
ing of the poet, which was tofatirize his prodigality and voluptuoufnefs. _ Dryden.
Should a writer Angle out and point his raillery at particu¬
lar perfons, or fatirize the miferable, he might be fure of
pleafing a great part of his readers; but mud be a very ill man
if he could pleafe himfelf. Addifon.
I infid that my lion’s mouth be not defiled with fcandal;
for I would not make ufe of him to revile the human fpecies,
andfatirize his betters. Addifon s Spectator.
It is as hard to fatirize well a man of didinguifhed vices, as
topraife well a man of didinguifhed virtues. Swift.
Satisfaction. n.f. [fatisfailio, Latin; fatisfaXion, French.]
1. The aX of pleafing to the full.
T he mind, having a power to fufpend the execution and
fatisfaXion of any of its defires, is at liberty to confider the
objeXs of them. Locke.
2. T he date of being pleafcd.
’ I is a wretched fatisfaXion a revengeful man takes, even in
lofing his life, provided his enemy go for company. L'EJlr.
There are very few difcourfes fo fhort, clear, and confident,
to which mod men may not, withfatisfaXion enough to themfelves, raife a doubt. Locke.
3* Releafe from fufpenfe, uncertainty, or uneafinefs.
Wilt thou leave me fo unfatisfied ?
—WhatfatisfaXion can you have? Shakefpeare.
4- Gratification; that which pleafes.
Run over the circle of earthly pleafures, and had not
Ciod fccured a man afolid pleafure from his own aXions, he
would be forced to complain that pleafure was not fatisfacUC”' Of . .
c y ev ry nation each illudrious name,
uc toys as thefe have cheated into fame ;
Exchanging folid quiet to obtain
I he windyfatisfaXion of the brain. Dryden's Juvenal.
5. Amends; atonement tor a crime; recompcnfe for an injury.
Die he or jufhee mud; unlefs for him
Some other uhJc^ 2nd 2s willing^ P^y
The rigid fath/attirn^ death for death. Par. Loft.
SAT
SatI3fa'cVive. adj. [fatisfaXus, Lat.] Giving fatisfaXion.
By a final andfatifaXive difeernmentof faith, we lay the lad
cffeXs upon the fird caufe of all things. Brown's Vulg. Err.
Satisfa'ctorily. adj. [fromfatisfaXory.] To fatisfaXion.
Bellonius hath been more fatisfaXorily experimental, not
only affirming that chameleons feed on flies, but upon exen¬
teration he found thefe animals in their bellies. Brown s V. Er.
They drain their memory to anfwer himfatisfaXorily unto
all his demands. Digby.
Satisfa'ctoriness. n.f. [from fatisfaXory.] Power of"fa¬
tisfying; power of giving content.
The incompleatnefs of the feraphick lover’s happinefs, in
his fruitions, proceeds not from their want offatisfaXorinefs,
but his want of an intire pofleffion of them. Boyle.
Satisfactory, adj. [fatisfaXoire, Fr. fatisfaXus, Latin.]
1. Giving fatisfaXion; giving content.
An intelligent American would fcarce take it for a fatifac¬
tory account, if, defiring to learn our architeXure, he fhould
be told that a pillar was a thing fupported by a bads. Locke.
2. Atoning; making amends.
A mod wife and fufficient means of redemption and falvation, by thefatisfaXory and meritorious death and obedience of
the incarnate fon of God, Jefus Chrid. Sanderfon.
To SATISFY, v. a. [fatisfaire, Fr. Jatisfacio, Latin.]
1. To content; to pleafe to fuch a degree as that nothing more
is defired.
A good man fhall be fatisfed from himfelf. Prov. xiv. 14.
Will he fatisfy his rigour.
Satisfy d never ? Milton.
2. To feed to the fill.
Who hath caufed it to rain on the earth, to fatisfy the de¬
folate and wade ground, and to caufe the bud of the tender
tree to fpring forth ? Job xxxviii. 27.
I will purfue and divide the fpoil: my lud fhall befatisfed
upon them. Ex. Xv. 9.
The righteous eateth to thefatisfying of his foul. Prov. xiii.
3. To recompenfe; to pay to content.
He is well paid that is wellfatisfed;
And I, delivering you, amfatisfed.
And therein do account myfelf well paid; Shakefpeare.
4. To free from doubt, perplexity, or fufpenfe.
Of many things ufeful and curious you mayfatisfy yourfelves in Leonardo de Vinci. Dryden.
When come to the utmod extremity of body, what can
there put a dop and fatisfy the mind that it is at the end of
fpace, when it is fatisfed that body itfelf can move into
^ _ Locke.
This I would willingly be fatisfed in, whether the foul,
when it thinks thus, feparate from the body, aXs lefs rational¬
ly than when conjointly with it} Locke.
5. To convince.
He declares himfelf fatisfed to the contrary, in which he
has given up the caufe. Dryden.
The danding evidences of the truth of the Gofpel, are in
themfelves mod firm, folid, and fatisfying. Atterbury.
To Sa'tisfy. v. n. To make payment.
By the quantity of filver they give or take, they edimate
the value of other things, and fatisfy for them: thus filver be¬
comes the meafure of commerce. Locke.
Sa'turable. adj. [from faturate.] Impregnable with any
thing ’till it will receive no more.
Be the figures of the falts never fo various, yet if the atoms
of water were fluid, they would always fo conform to thofe
figures as to fill up all vacuities; and confequently the water
would be faturable with the fame quantity of any fait, which
it is not. Grew's Cofmol. Sac.
Sa'turant. adj. [fromfaturans, Lat.] Impregnating to the
fill.
To SATURATE, v. a. [faturo, Latin.] To impregnate
no more can be received or imbibed.
Rain-water is plentifullyfaturated with terredrial matter,
and more or lefs dored with it. Woodward.
His body has been fullyfaturated with the fluid of light, to
be able to lad fo many years without any fenfible diminution,
though there are conftant emanations thereof. Oseyne.
Still night fucceeds
A foften’d fhade, andfaturated earth
Awaitsthemorningbeam. Thomfon.
Sa'turday. n.f. [petepybaeg, or perepnybaej, Saxon, ac¬
cording to Verjlegan, from petep, a Saxon idol; more pro¬
bably from Saturn, dies Saturni.] The lad day of the week.
This matter I handled fully in lad Saturday's SpeXator. Add.
Satu'rity. n.f. [faturitas, from faturo, Latin.] Fulnefs; the
date of being faturated ; repletion.
SATURN, n.f [faturne, French; faturnus, Latin.]
1. T he remoted planet of the folar fydem : fuppofed by adrologers to imprefs melancholy, dulnefs, or feverity of temper.
The fmalled planets are placed neared the fun and each
other; whereas Jupiter and Saturn, that are vadly greater, are
wifely removed to the extreme regions. Bentley.
From the far bounds
Of utmod Saturn, wheeling wide his round. Thomfon.
2. [In
S A V
z. [In chimeftrv.] Lead.
i>A'rURNiNE. adj. [Jdturmnus, Lit.fiturnien, Fr. from Saturn.]
Not light; not volatile; gloomy; grave; melancholy; fevere
of temper : fuppofed to be born under the dominion ofSaturn.
I may call my readers under two divifions, the mercurial
and faturnine : the firft are the gay part, the others are of a
more fober and folemn turn. Addifon.
Satu'rnian. adj. [faturnius, Latin.] Happy; golden: ufed
by poets for times of felicity, fuch as are feigned to have been
in the reign of Saturn.
Th’ Auguflus, born to bring Saturnian times. Pope:
SA'TYR. n.J. [fat)rus, Latin.] A fylvan god: fuppofed
among the ancients to be rude and lecherous.
Satyrs, as Pliny teftifies, were found in times paft in the
eaftern mountains of India. Peacham on Drawing.
Sa'tyriasis. n.f. [fromfatyr.]
If the chyle be very plentiful it breeds a fatyriafis, or an
abundance of feminal lympha’s. P/oyer on the Humours*
SA'VAGE. adj. [fauvage, French; felvaggio, Italian.]
I. Wild ; uncultivated.
Thefe godlike virtues wherefore do’ft thou hide.
Affecting private life, or more obfcure
In favage wildernefs ? Mi/ton,
Cornels, and favage berries of the wood,
And roots and herbs, have been my meagre food. Dryden,
2» Untamed; cruel.
Chain me to fome fteepy mountain’s top,
Where roaring bears and favage lions roam. Shakefpeare.
Tyrants no more theirJavage nature kept.
And foes to virtue wonder’d how they wept. Pope.
3. Uncivilized; barbarous; untaught.
Hence with your little ones:
To fright you thus, methinks, I am too favage;
To do worfe to you, were fell cruelty. Shakef. Macleth.
_ Thus people lived altogether a favage life, ’till Saturn, ar¬
riving on thofe coafts, devifed laws to govern them by. Raleigh.
Thefavage clamour drown’d
Both harp and voice. Milton.
A herd of wild beafts on the mountains, or a favage drove
of men in caves, might be fo difordered ; but never a peculiar
people. Spratt's Sermons.
Sa'vage. n.f [from the adje&ive.] A man untaught and un¬
civilized ; a barbarian.
Long after thefe times were they butfavages. Raleigh.
The feditious lived by rapine and ruin of all the country,
omitting nothing of that which favages, enraged in the height
of their unruly behaviour, do commit. Hayward.
To deprive us of metals is to make us mere favages; to
change our corn for the old Arcadian diet, our houfes and
cities for dens and caves, and our clothing for (kins of beafts:
’tis to bereave us of all arts and fciences, nay, of revealed re¬
ligion. Bentley.
To Sa vage. v. a. [from the noun.] To make barbarous,
wild, or cruel. A word not well authorifed.
Friends, relations, love himfelf.
Savag'd by woe, forget the tender tie. Thomfort.
Sa'vagely. adv. [fromfavage.'] Barbaroufly; cruelly.
Your caftle is furpris’d, your wife and babes
Savagely flaughter’d. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Sa'vageness. n.f. [from favage.] Barbaroufnefs; cruelty;
wildnefs. ; ’
Afavagenefs in unreclaimed blood
Of general aftault. Shakefp. Hamit.
Wolves and bears, they fay,
Calling theirfavagenefs afide, have done
Like offices of pity. Shakef. Winter's Tale.
The Cyclops were a people of Sicily, remarkable forfavagenefs and cruelty. Broome's Notes on the Odyffey.
Sa'vagery. n.f. [fromfavage.]
1. Cruelty; barbarity.
This is the bloodieft ftiame.
The wildeftya^Vy, the vileft ftroke,
1 hat ever wall-ey’d wrath, or flaring ra^e,
Prefented to the tears of foft remorfe. ° Shak. King John.
2. Wild growth. 0 J
Her fallow lees
The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory.
Doth root upon ; while that the culter rufts,
Thatlhould deracinate fuch favagery. Shakefp H V
Sa'vanna. n.J. [Spanilh, according to Bailey.] An open mea¬
dow without wood ; pafture ground in America.
He that rides poll through a country may tell how, in gene¬
ral, the parts lie; here a morafs, and there a river; woodland
in one part, and favanna's in another. Locle
Plains immenfe,
And vaftfavanna's, where the wand’ring eye,
Unfix’d, is in a verdant ocean loft. Thomfons Summer.
SAUCE, n.f. [fauce, faufe, French 5 falfa, italian.J
1. Something eaten with food to improve its tafte.
The bitterJaucc of the fport was, that we had our honours
for ever loft, partly by our own faults, but principally by his
faulty ufing of our faults. Sidney.
S A U •
To feed were bed at home;
From thence the fauce to meat is cerdmony;
Meeting were bare without it. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Epicurean cooks
Sharpen with cloylefsfauce his appetite. Shakefpeare.
Such was thefauce of Moab’s noble feaft,
’Till night far fpent invites them to their reft. Cowley:
He that fpends his time in fports, is like him whofe meat is
nothing but fauces; they are hcalthlefs, chargeable, and ufelefs. Taylor.
Highfauces and rich fpices are fetched from the Indies. Baker.
2. Toferve one thefame Sauce. A vulgar phrafe to retaliate one
injury with another.
To Sauce, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To accompany meat with fomething of higher relifh.
2. To gratify with rich taftes. Obfolete.
Earth yield me roots ;
Who feeks for better of thee, fauce his palate
With thy molt operant poifon. Shakefpeare»
3: To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or, ironi¬
cally, with any thing bad.
Then fell (he to jauce her defires with threatnings, fo that
we were in a great perplexity, reftrained to fo unworthy
a bondage, and yet reftrained by love, which I cannot tell
how, in noble minds, by a certain duty, claims an anfwering. Sidney.
All the delights of love, wherein wanton youth walloweth,
be but folly mixed with bitternefs, and forrow fauced with
repentance. Spenfer.
Thou fay’d his meat wasfaucd with thy upbraidings ;
Unquiet meals make ill digeftions. Shakefpeare.
Sa'ucebox. n.f. [fromfauce, or rather fromfancy.'] An im^
pertinent or petulant fellow.
The foolifh old poet fays, that the fouls of fome women
are made of fea-water: this has encouraged myfaucebox to be
witty upon me. Addijon's Spedator.
Sa'ucepa N. n.f [fauce and pan.] A fmall (killet with along
handle, in which fauce or fmall things are boiled.
Your mafter will not allow you a filverfaucepan. Swift.
Sau'cer. n.f [fauciere, Fr. from fauce.]
1. A fmall pan or platter in which fauce is fet on the table.
Infufe a pugil of new violets feven times, and it (hall make
the vinegar fo frefh of the flower, as, if brought in afaucer,
you (hall fmell it before it come at you. Bacon.
Some have miftaken blocks and pods
Forfpedlres, apparitions, ghofts.
Withfaucer eyes and horns. Hudibras.
2. A piece or platter of china, into which a tea-cup is fet.
Sa'ucily. adv. [from faucy.] Impudently; impertinently5
petulantly ; in a faucy manner.
Though this knave came fomewhatfaucily into the world
before he was fent for, yet was his mother fair. Shakefp.
A freed fervant, who had much power with Claudius, very
faucily, had almoft all the words; and amongft other things,
he afked in fcorn one of the examinates, who was likewife a
freed fervant of Scribonianus, I pray, fir, if Scribonianus had
been emperor, what would you have done? He anfwered, I
would have flood behind his chair, and held my peace. Bacon.
A trumpet behaved himfelf veryJ'aucily. Addifon.
Sau'ciness. n.f. [from faucy.] Impudence; petulance; im¬
pertinence ; contempt of fuperiours.
With how fweet faws fhe blam’d theirfaucinefs,
To feel the panting heart, which through her fide
Did beat their hands. Sidney.
By his authority he remains here, which he thinks is a pa¬
tent for hisfaucinefs. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
Bteing intercepted in your fport,
Great reafon that my noble lord be rated
Yoxfaucinefs. Shak. Titus Andronictis.
It isfaucinefs in a creature, in this cafe, to reply. Bramh.
Imputing it to the natural faucinefs of a pedant, they made
him eat his words. L'Ejirange.
You faucinefs, mind your pruning-knife, or I may ufe it
for you. . Dryden's Don Scbajlian.
This might make all other fervants challenge the fame
liberty, and grow pert upon their mafters; and when this
faucinefs became univerfal, what lefs mifehief could be expedled
than an old Scythian rebellion ? Collier on Pride.
SAVCISSE. n.f [French.] In gunnery, a long train of pow¬
der fewed up in a roll of pitched cloth, about Wo inches dia¬
meter, in order to fire a bombebeft. Bailev
SAVCISSON. n.f. [French.] In military architefture, fag¬
gots orfafeines made of large boughs of trees bound together*
'I hey are commonly ufed to cover men, to make epaulmentsi
traverfes, or breaftworks m ditches full of water, to render
the way firm for carriages. R '/
SAUCY, adj. [I know not how this word can be eafily deducS
hornfauce: it may come more properly from falfus, Latin]
Pert; petulant; contemptuous of fuperiours; infclent; im¬
pudent ; impertinent.
You are more faucy with lords than the heraldry of your
buth and virtue gives you commiffion. Shakefpeare.
Study
S A V
^ Study is like the heav’ns glorious fun,
1 hat will not be deep fearch’d with faucy looks}
Small have continual plodders ever won,
Save bafe authority from others’ books. Shakefpeare.
And if thou haft the mettle of a king.
Being wrong’d as we are by this peevilh town,
l urn thou the mouth of thy artillery.
As we will ours againft thefe faucy walls. Sbakefp. K. John.
Power’s firft pedigree from force derives.
And calls to mind the old prerogatives
Of free-born man; and with a faucy eye
Searches the heart and foul of majefty. Denham's Sophy.
I lofe my patience, when with faucy pride
By untun’d ears I hear his numbers try’d. Rofcommn.
No faucy citizen fhall dare
To ftrike a foldier, nor, when ftruck, refent
The wrong. Dryden s Juvenal.
Homer, to exprefs a man both timorous and faucy, makes
ufe of a kind of point, namely, that he had the eyes of a dog,
but the heart of a deer. Addiforis Spectator.
To SAVE. v. a. [fauver,faulver, French; falvo, Latin.J
j. To preferve from danger or deftrudtion.
Let me die ere men can fay God fave the queen. Sbakefp.
One (hall cry, yet cannot he anfwer, norfave him out of
his trouble. Jf xlvi. 7.
A wond’rous ark.
Tofave himfelf and houfhold from amidft
A world devote to univerfal wreck. Milton.
We may be confident whatever he does is intended for our
good, and whatever we interpret otherwife we can get nothing
by repining, norfave any thing by refilling. Temple.
The circling ftreams, once thought but pools of blood.
From dark oblivion Harvey’s nams fhallfave. Dryden.
2. 'J o preferve finally from eternal death.
Whatfoever we read in Scripture concerning the endlefs
love and faving mercy which God fheweth towards his church,
the only proper fubjedl thereof is this church. Hooker.
There are fome that will be faved, and fome that will be
damned. Shakefpeare.
We are not of them who draw back unto perdition; but
of them that believe, to the faving of the foul. Heb. x. 39.
His merits fave them. Milton.
He who feareth God, and worketh righteoufnefs, and perfeveres in the faith and duties of our religion, fhall certainly
hefaved. Rogers.
3. Not to fpend; to hinder from being fpent.
With your coft you terminate the caufe.
And fave th’ expence of long litigious laws,
Wheie fuits are travers’d, and fo little won,
That he who conquers is but laft undone. Dryden.
4. To referve or lay by.
He fhall not feel quietnefs, he fhall notfave of that which
he defired. J0b xx. 20.
5. To fpare; to excufe.
Will you not fpeak tofave a lady’s blufh ? Dryden.
Our author faves me the companion with tragedy. Dryd.
Thefe finews are not fo much unftrung.
To fail me when my mafter fhould be ferv’d ;
And when they are, then will I fteal to death,
Silent and unobferv’d, to fave his tears. Dryd. Don Sebafl.
6. Tofalve; to reconcile.
How build, unbuild, contrive
Tofave appearances; how gird the fphere
With centrick and eccentrick. Milton's Parad. Loft.
7. To take or embrace opportunely, fo as not to lofe.
The fame perfons, who were chief confidents to Cromwell,
forefeeing a refloration, feized the caftles in Ireland, juftfaving
the tide, and putting in a flock of merit fufficierit. Swift.
To Save. v. n. To be cheap.
Brafs ordnance faveth in the quantity of the material, and
in the charge of mounting and carriage. Bacon's Phyf Rem.
Save. adv. [ This word, adverbially ufed, is, like except, origi¬
nally the imperative of the verb.] Except; not including.
But being all defeated, Jave a few.
Rather than fly, or be captiv’d, herfelf fhe flew. Fa. Stfe.
All the confpirators, fave only he.
Did that they did in envy of great Caefar. Sbakefp.
He never put down a near fervant, fave only Stanley, the
lord chamberlain. Bacon's Henry VII,
How have I then with whom to hold converfe,
Save with the creatures which I made? Milton.
Save all. n.f [fave and all.] A fmall pan inferted into a
candleftick to fave the ends of candles.
Sa'ver. n.f [fromfave.]
j. Preferver; refeuer.
They were manifoldly acknowledged the favers of that
?TtrT r Sidney.
2. One who efcapes lofs, though without gain.
Laws of arms permit each injur’d man
To make himfelf a Java• where he can. Dryden.
Who dares affirm this is no pious age, J
When charity begins to tread the flage ?
S A V
When a£lors, who at beft are hardlyfavors,
Will give a night of benefit to weavers ? Swift.
3- A good hufband.
4. One who lays up and grows rich.
l>y nature far from profufion, and yet a greater fparer than
a Javer ; for though he had fuch means to accumulate, yet his
garrifons and his feaftings foaked his exchequer. Wotton.
Sa vin. n.f. [fabina, Latin ; Javin,fabin, Fr.] A tree.
It hath compact,, rigid, and prickly ever-green leaves : the
fruit is fmall, fpherical, and warted ; and the whole plant has
a very rank ftrong fmell. The fpecies are three, and com¬
monly cultivated for medicinal ufe. Miller.
Sa'ving. adj. [fromfave.]
1. Frugal; parcimonious; not lavifh.
She loved money; for fhe wasfaving, and applied her for¬
tune to pay John’s clamorous debts. Arbuthn. Hifl. ofj. Bull.
Befaving of your candle. Swift.
2. Not turning to lofs, though not gainful.
Silvio, finding his application unfuccefsful, was refolved to
make afaving bargain ; and fince he could not get the widow’s
eftate, to recover what he had laid out of his own. Addifon.
Sa'ving. adv. [This is nothing more than a participle of the
verbfave adverbially ufed.J With exception in favour of.
All this World’s glory feemeth vain.
And all their fhows but fhadows, Javing fhe. Spenfer.
Such laws cannot be abrogated, Javing only by whom they
were made; becaufe the intent of them being known unto
none but the author, he alone can judge how long it is requifite they fhould endure. Hooker.
Saving the reverence due to fo great a man, I doubt not but
they did all creep out of their holes. Ray on the Creation.
Sa'ving. n.f [fromfave.].
j. Efcape of expence; fomewhat preferved from being fpent.
It is a great faving in all fuch lights, if they can be made
as fair and right as others, and yet laft longer. Bacon.
By reducing intereft to four per cent, there was a confiderablefaving to the nation ; but this year they give fix. Addifon.
2. Exception in favour.
Contend not with thofe that are too ftrong for us, but ftill
with a faving to honefty; for integrity mull be fupported
againft all violence. L’E/lrange,
Sa'vingly. adv. [fromfaving.] With parcimony.
Sa'vin gness. n.f [fromfaving.]
1. Parcimony ; frugality.
2. Tendency to promote eternal falvatlon.
Sa'viour. n.f [fauveur, Latin.] Redeemer; he that has
faved mankind from eternal death.
So judg’d he man, both judge and Saviour fent. Milton.
However confonant to reafon his precepts appeared, no¬
thing could have tempted men to acknowledge him as their
God and Saviour, but their being firmly perfuaded of the mi¬
racles he wrought. ^ _ Addifon.
To Sa'unter. v. n. [aller a la fainte terre, from idle people who
roved about the country, and afked charity under pretence of
going a la fainte terre, to the holy land; or fans terre, as
having no fettled home.] To wander about idly; to
loiter; to linger.
The cormorant is ftillfauntering by the fea-fide, to fee if he
can find any of his brafs call up. L'EJlrange.
Tell me, why fount'ring thus from place to place
I meet thee ? _ Dryden's Juvenal.
Though putting the mind upon an unufual ftrefs that may
difeourage, ought to be avoided ; yet this muft not run it into
a lazyfauntering about ordinary things. Locke.
Yourfelf look after him, to cure hisfauntering at his bufinefs. Locke.
If men were weaned from theirfauntering humour, wherein
they let a good part of their lives run ufelelly away, they
would acquire fkill in hundreds of things. Locke.
So the young ’fquire, when firft he comes
From country fchool to Will’s or Tom’s,
Without one notion of his own.
He faunters wildly up and down. Prior.
The brainlefs ftripling
Spells uncouth Latin, and pretends to Greek;
Afount'ring tribe ! fuch born to wide eftates.
With yea and no in fenates hold debates. Ticket.
Here fount'ring ’prentices o’er Otway weep. Gay.
Led by my hand, he faunter'd Europe round,
And gather’d eWry vice. Dunciad.
SaVory. n.f. [favorce, French ; fatureia, Latin.] A plant.
It is of the verticillate kind, with a labiated flower, whole
upper lip or creft is divided into two parts ; but the lower lip
or beard is divided into three parts, the middle part being de¬
rated : thefe flowers are produced from the wings of the leaves
in a loofe order, and not in whorles or fpikes, as are moll of
this tribe of plants. Miller.
Sa'vour. n.f. [faveur, French.]
I. A feent; odour.
Whatfavour is better, if phyfick be true,
For places infe&ed, than wormwood and rue ? buffer.
Bcnzo calls its fmell a tartarous and hellilhfavour. Abbot.
Turn
S A W SAY
Turn then my frcfheft reputation to
A favour that may ftrikc the dullell noftril ? Shakefpeare.
I fmell Tweet favours, and I feel Toft things. Shakefp.
That Jews ftink naturally, that is, that there is in their
race an evil favour, is a received opinion we know not how
to admit. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Truffles, which have an excellent oil, and a volatile fait of
a orateful Javcur, arc heating. Arbuthnot on Diet.
2. Tafte; power of affecting the palate.
I tafte
Thefavour of death from all things. Milton.
A dire£ter influence from the fun gives fruit a betterfavour
and a greater worth. South.
To Sa'vour. v.n. [favourer, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To have any particular fmell or tafte.
2. To betoken; to have an appearance or tafte of fomething.
This ripping of anceftors is very pleaftng, and favourctb of
good conceit and fome reading. Spenfer on Ireland.
The duke’s anfwers to his appeachments are very diligently
and civilly couched; and though his heart was big, yet they all
favour of an humble fpirit. JVotton.
If ’twere a fecret that concern’d my life.
This boldnefs might become thee;
But fuch unnecelfary rudenefsfavours
Of fome defign. Denham's Sophy.
I have rejected every thing thatfavours of party. Addifon.
To Sa'vour. v. a.
1. To like.
Wifdom and goodnefs to the vile feem vile;
Filthsfavour but themfelves. Shakefpeare.
2. To exhibit tafte of.
Thou favourefl not the things that be of God. Gofpel.
Thatfavours only of rancour and pride. Milton.
Sa'vourily. adv. [from favoury.]
1. With guft; with appetite.
The collation he fell to veryfavourily. L'EJlrange's Fables.
This mufti is fome Englifh renegado, he talks^fo favourily
of toaping. Dryd. Don Sebajlian.
2. With a pleafing relifh.
There’s a dearth of wit in this dull town.
When filly plays fo favourily go down. Dr)den.
Sa'vouriness. n.f. [fromfavoury.]
1. Tafte pleafing and picquant.
2. Pleafing fmell.
Sa'vour y. adj. [favoureux, Fr. from favour.]
1. Pleafing to the fmell.
The pleafant favoury fmell
So quicken’d appetite, that I
Could not but tafte! Milton's Paradife Lojl.
From the boughs a favoury odour blown.
Grateful to appetite ! more pleas’d my fenfe
Than fmell of fweeteft fennel, or the teats
Of ewe, or goat, dropping with milk at ev’n. Milton.
2. Picquant to the tafte.
Savoury meat, fuch as my father loveth. Gen.
Thefavoury pulp they chew. Milton.
Savo'y. n.f. [brafficaJubaudica, Latin.] A fort of colwort.
Sa'usage. n.f. [ fauciffe, French; falfum, Latin.] A roll or
ball made commonly of pork or veal, and fometimes of beef,
minced very fmall, with fait and fpice; fometimes it is fluffed
into the guts of fowls, and fometimes only rolled in flower.
Saw. The preterite of fee.
I neverfaw ’till now
Sight more deteftable. Milton.
SAW. n.f. [fawe, Danifti; yaga, or yrge, Saxon; fie, Fr.]
1. A dentated inftrument, by the attrition of which wood or
metal is cu^.
The teeth are filed to an angle, pointing towards the end of
the faw, and not towards the handle of the fan), or ftraight
between the handle and end; becaufe the Jaw is defigned to
a£l only in its progrefs forwards, a man having in that more
ftrength than he can have in drawing back hisJaw, and there¬
fore when he draws it back, he bears it lightly off the unfawn
fluff, which enables him the longer to continue his feveral
progreflions of thtfaw. Moxon's Mech. Excr.
The roach is a leather-mouth’d fifh, and hasfaw like teeth
in his throat. Walton's Angler.
Thenfuws were tooth’d, and founding axes made. Dryd.
If they cannot cut,
Hisfaws are toothlefs, and his hatchets lead. Pope.
2. [Saja, Sax. faeghe, Dut.j A faying; afentence; a proverb!
Good king, that muft approve the commonfaw:
Thou out of heaven’s benediction com’ft
To the warm fun! Sbakefpeare's King Lear.
From the table of my memory
I’ll wipe away all faws of books. Shakef Hamlet.
His weapons, \uAy fuivs of facred writ;
His ftudy in his tilt-yard. Shakef. Henry VI.
Strifl age and four feverity,
With their grave faws in (lumber lie. Milton.
”1 o Saw. part. Jawed and fawn. [feier, French; from the noun.]
To cut timber or other matter with a faw.
They were ftoned, they were fawn afunder. Heb. xi. 37.
A carpenter, after he hathfaum down a tree, and wrought
it handfomely, fets it in a wall. Wijd. xiii. j 1.
It is an incalefcency, from a fwift motion, fuch as that of
running, threfhing, orfawing. Pay on the Creation*
If I cut my finger, I lhall as certainly feel pain as if my foul
was co-extended with the limb, and had a piece of it fawn
through. Collier.
Mafter-workmen, when they direCt any of their underlings
tofaw a piece of fluff, have feveral phrafes for the fawing of
it: thrry leldom (ay.Jaw the piece of fluff ; but, draw the faw
through it; give the piece of fluff a kerf. Moxcn.
It is the carpenters work to hew the timber, fnv it out, and
frame it. Mortimer.
Sa'wdust. n.f. [fav and duf.] Duft made by the attrition
of the faw.
If the membrane be fouled by the fawdufl of the bone,
wipe it off with a fponge. Wifeman s Surgery.
Rotten fawdujl, mixed with earth, enriches it very much.
Mortimer's Husbandry.
Sa'wfish. n. f. [faw and fifh.] A fort of fifh. Ainfv*
Sa'wpit. n. f. [faw and pit.] Pit over which timber is laid
to be fawn by two men.
Let them from forth a fawpit ruflh at once
With fome diffufed fong. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWir.df
They colour it by laying it in afawpit that hath oak fawduft therein. Mortimer s Husbandry*
Saw-wort. n.f. [ferratula, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a flofculous flower, confiding of feveral florets di¬
vided into many parts, refting on the embryo, and contained
in a fcaly empalement, like the greater centaury, from which
this differs in having fmaller heads, and from the knapweed in
having the borders of the leaves cut into fmall fharpfegments,
refembling the teeth of a faw. Miller.
Saw-wrest. n.f. [faw and wrefl.] A fort of tool.
With the faw-wrefl they fet the teeth of the faw; that is,
they put one of the notches of the wreft between the firft two
teeth on the blade of the faw, and then turn the handle hori¬
zontally a little about upon the notch towards the end of the
faw; and that at once turns the firft tooth fomewhat towards
you, and the fecond tooth from you. Moxon's Mech. Exer.
Sa'wer. \n.f [fcicur, French; fromfaiv.] One whofe trade
Sa'wyer. j is to faw timber into boards or beams.
The pit-faw is ufed by joiners, when what they have to do
maybe as foon done at home as fend it to thefawyers. Moron.
Sa'xifrage. n.J. [faxifrage, Fr. faxifraga, Lat.] A plant.
The flower confifts of feveral leaves placed orbicularly,
which expand in form of a rofe, out of whofe multifid flowercup rifes the pointal, which commonly ends in two horns, and
afterward turns, together with the flower-cup, into a roundifh
fruit, which has likewife two horns and two cells, which are
full of fmall feeds. Miller.
Saxifrage, quaffaxum frangere, to break the ftone, is ap¬
plicable to any thing having this property ; but is a term moll
commonly given to a plant, from an opinion of its medicinal
virtues to this effe£l. Sidney.
Sa'xifrage Meadoiv. n.f. [flanum, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a rofe and umbellated flower, confifting of feveral
leaves placed circularly, and refting upon the empalement,
which afterward becomes a fruit compofed of two fhort chan¬
nelled feeds.
Sa'xifragous. adj. [faxum and frago, Latin.] Diffolvent of
the ftone.
Becaufe goat’s blood was found an excellent medicine for the
ftone, it might be conceived to be able to break a diamond ; and
fo it came to be ordered that the goats ftiould be fed on faxifragous herbs, and fuch as are conceived of power to break
the ftone. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To SAY. v. a. preter. faid. [peejan, Saxon; feggen, Dutch.]
1. To fpeak; to utter in words; to tel!.
' Say it out, Diggon, for whatever it hight;
For nought but well mought him betight,
He is fo meek. Spenfer.
In this Aumbry agitation what have you heard herfay? Sbak.
Speak unto Solomon ; for he will notfay thee nay. 1 Kings.
2. To allege.
After all can be faid againft a thing, this will ftill be true,
that many things poffibly arje, which we know not of. Tillotf.
In vain fhall we attempt to juftify ourfelves, as the rich
young man in the gofpel did, by appealing to the great duties
of the Jaw; unlefs we can fay fomewhat more, even that
we have been libera! in our diflributions to the poor. Atterbury*
3. To tell in any manner.
With flying fpeed, and feeming great pretence.
Came meffenger with letters which his meffagefaid. F.
To Say. v.n. D "
1. To fpeak ; to pronounce; to utter.
He faid moreover, I have fomewhat to fay unto thee ; and
(hefaid, fay on. 1 Kings ii. 14.
Say nothing to any man, but go thy way. Alar. i. 4.1.
I o the others he faid, go ye after him. Ezek. ix. 5.
I he council-table and ftar-chamber hold, as Thucydides
faid ot the Athenians, for honourable that which pleafed, and
for juft that which profited. Clarendon.
23 E The
S C A
The lion here has taken his right meafures, that is to fay,
he ha3 made a true judgment. _ ^ Llflrange.
He has left his fucceffion as undetermined as if lie hadfaid
nothing about it. Locke.
This ought to weigh with thofe whofc reading is defigned
for much talk and little knowledge, and I have nothing to Jay
to it. * Locke.
Of fome propofitions it may be difficult tofa)’ whether they
affirm or deny ; as when we fay, Plato was no tool. If atts.
2.In poetry, fay is often ufed before a queftion; tell.
Say firft what caufe
Mov’d our grand parents to fall off? Milton.
Say, Stella, feel you no content,
Reflefting on a life well-fpent. Swift.
Say. n.f [from the verb.]
1. A fpeech; what one has to fay.
He no fooner faid out his fay, but up rifes a cunning
fnap. L’Eftrange.
2. [For offay.] Sample.
Since thy outfide looks fo fair and warlike,
And that thy tongue fome fay of breeding breathes,
By rule of knighthood I difdain. Sbakefpcare.
So good a fay invites the eye,
A little downward to efpy
The lively clufters of her breafts. Sidney.
3. Trial by a (ample.
This gentleman having brought that earth to the publick
fay matters, and upon their being unable to bring it to fufion,
or make it fly away, he had procured a little of it, and with
a peculiar flux feparated a third part of pure gold. Boyle.
4. \JSoie, French.] Silk. Obfolete.
5. A kind of woollen fluff'.
Sa'ying. n.f. [from fay.] Expieffion; words; opinion fententioufly delivered.
I thank thee, Brutus,
That thou haft prov’d Lucilius’ faying true. Shakefpeare.
Mofes fled at thisfaying, and was a ftranger in Median. Adis.
Many are the fayings of the wife,
Extolling patience as the trueft fortitude. Milton.
Others try to divert the troubles of other men by pretty and
plaufible fayings, fuch as this, that if evils are long, they are
but light. ‘Tillotfon s Sermons.
We poetick folks, who mutt reftrain
Our meafur’d fayings in an equal chain,
Have troubles utterly unknown to thofe,
Who let their fancy loofe in rambling profe. Prior.
The facred function can never be hurt by theirfayings, if
not firft reproached by our doings. Atterbury.
SCAB. n.f. [pcseb, Saxon; fcabbia, Italian; fchabbe, Dutch;
fcabies, Latin.]
1. An incruftation formed over a fore by dried matter.
What’s the matter, you diffentious rogues,
That rubbing the poor itch of your opinion,
Make yourfelvesfobs? Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
That free from gouts thou may’ft preferve thy care,
And clear from fcabs, produc’d by freezing air. Dryden.
2. The itch or mange of horfes.
3. A paltry fellow, fo named from the itch often incident to
negligent poverty.
I would thou "did’ft itch from head to foot, and I had the
fcratching of thee, I would make thee the loathfom’ftfab in
Greece. Sbak. Troilus and Creffida.
Well faid, wart, thou art a good fab : there is a tetter for
thee. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
One of the ufurers, a head man of the city, took it in
dudgeon to be ranked, cheek by joul, with a fab of a cur¬
rier. L’Efrange.
This vap’ring_/o?£ muft needs devife
To ape the thunder of the (kies. Swift.
Sca'bbard. n.f [fhap, German. Junius.] The (heath of a
fword.
Enter fortune’s gate.
Nor in thyfcabbard (heath that famous blade,
’Till fettled be thy kingdom and eftate. Fairfax.
What eyes! how keen their glances ! you do well to keep
’em veil’d: they are too (harp to be trufted out o’ th’ fcab¬
bard. Dryden’s Spanifh Fryar.
Sca'bbed. adj. [from fcab.]
1. Covered or dileafed with fcabs.
File briar fruit makes thofe that eat them fobbed. Bacon.
2. Paltry; forry.
^ To you fuch fabb’d harfh fruit is giv’n, as raw
^ oung foldicrs at their exercifings gnaw. Dryden.
Sca'bbedness. n.f. [ from feabbed. ] The date of being
fcabbed.
Sca'bbiness. n.f [from fcabby.] The quality of being
fcabby.
Sca'bby. adj. [from fab.] Difeafed with fcabs.
, Her writhled lkin, as rough as mapple rind,
Sofcabby was, that would have loath’d all womankind. F.
A fcabby tetter on their pelts will (tick.
When the raw rain has pierc’d them to the quick. Dryden.
S C A
If the grazier fhould bring me one wether, fat and well
fleeced, and expeft the fame price for a whole hundred, with¬
out giving me fecuritv to reftore my money for thofe that were
lean, (horn, orfcabby, I would be none of his cuftomer. Swift.
Sca'bious. adj. [fcabiojus, Latin.] Itchy; leprous.
In the Springfcabious eruptions upon the (kin were epidemi¬
cal, from the acidity of the blood. Arbuthnot on Air.
Sca'bious. n.f. [fcabieuf, Fr. fabiofa, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a flofculous flower, confiding of many unequal flo¬
rets, contained in a common empalement: fome of thefe,
which occupy the middle, are cut into four or five fegments ;
the reft, which are placed at the edge, are bilabiated : each of
thefe fits on the top of the embryo, which is crowned, and is
contained in a proper empalement, which afterward becomes
a capfule, either fimple or funnel-fhaped, pregnant with afeed
crowned, which before was the embryo. Aiil'er.
SCA'BROUS. adj. [fcabreux, Fr. faber, Latin.]
1. Rough; rugged; pointed on the furface.
Urine, black and bloody, is occafioned by fomething (harp
or fabrous wounding the (mail blood-veffels: if the (tone is
fmooth and well bedded, this may not happen. Arbuthnot.
2. Harfh; unmufical.
Lucretius isfcabrous and rough in thefe : he feeks them, as
fome do Chaucerifms with us, which were better expunged.
Ben. Johnfons Difcovenes.
Sca'brousness. n.f. [from fcabrous.] Roughnefs; ruggednefs.
Sca'bwort. n. f. A plant. Ainfworth.
Scad. n.f. A kind of fifti. Probably the fame with Jbad.
Of round fi(h there are fprat, barn, fmelts, andfcad. Carew.
SCA'FFOLD. n.f. [ efhafaut, French; fchavot, Dutch, from
febawen, to (how.]
1. A temporary gallery or ftage railed either for (hows or fpectators.
Pardon
The flat unraifed fpirit, that hath dar’d
On this unworthyfcaffold to bring forth
So great an objedt. Sbakef. Henry V.
The throng
On banks and fcajfolds under (ley might (land. Milton.
2. The gallery raifed for execution of great malefadfors
Fortune fmiling at her fortune therein, that afaffold of exe¬
cution (hould grow a fcaffold of coronation. Sidney.
3. Frames of timber eredled on the fide of a building for the
workmen.
Thefe outward beauties are but the props an&faffIds
On which we built our love, which, now made perfect.
Stands without thofe fupports. Denham s Sophy.
Sylla added three hundred commons to the fenate; then
abolifhed the office of tribune, as being only a faffold to
tyranny, whereof fie had no further ufe. Swift.
To Sca'ffold. v. a. [from the noun.] To furnifh with frames
of timber.
Sca'ffoldage. n.f. [from fcaffold.] Gallery; hollow floor.
A ftrutting player doth think it rich
To hear the wooden dialogue and found,
’Twixt his ftretch’d footing and the fcaffoldage. Sbakefp.
Sca'ffolding. n.f. [fromfcaffo'd.]
1. Temporary frames or ftages.
What are riches, empire, power.
But fteps by which we climb to rife and reach
Our wifh ; and, that obtain’d, down with the faffolding
Of feeptres and of thrones. Congreve.
Sicknefs, contributing no lefs than old age to the (baking
down this faffolding of the body, may difeover the inward
ftrudfure. Pope.
2. Building (lightly ereifted.
Send forth your lab’ring thought;
Let it return with empty notions fraught,
Of airy columns every moment broke,
Of circling whirlpools, and of fpheres of fmoke:
Yet this folution but once more affords
New change of terms and faffolding of words. Prior.
Scala'de. Inf [French; faljda,Spzni{hy fromfala, Latin,
Scala'do. J a ladder.] A ltorm given to a place by raffing
ladders againft the walls.
What can be more ftrange than that we (hould within two
months have won one town of importance byfa/ado, battered
and aflaulted another, and overthrown great forces in tne
field? . Bacon'
Thou raifedft thy voice to record the flratagems, the ardu¬
ous exploits, and the nodfurnal falack of nK J n )?
terror of your peaceful citizens. Arbuihn. FJ- cjJ- f
Sca'lary. adj. [fromfala, Latin.] Proceeding }’ cps 1 e
thofe of a ladder. . . , , , r
He made at nearer diftances certain elevated p.aces and fcalary afeents, that they might better afeend or mount then:
j. Brown s Vulgar itnouis.
To SCALD, v. a. [faldare, Italian; ea'idus, Latin.] To
burn with hot liquor.
1 am fealded with my violent motion.
And fpleen of fpeed to fee you. Shah lung
2 - n,aJ *
S C A S C A
O majefty !
When thou dq’ft pinch thy bearer, thou do’ft fit
],ike a rich armour worn in heat of day,
Thatfcalds with fafety. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Thou art a foul in blifs ; but I am bound
Upon a wheel of fire, that mine own tears
Do fcald like molten lead. Shakefp. King Lear.
Here the blue flames of folding brimftone fall,
Involving fvviftly in one ruin all. Cawley.
Scalding tears wore a channel where they fell. Dryden.
T hat I grieve, ’tis true ;
But ’tis a grief of fury, not defpair !
And if a manly drop or two fall down,
Itfcalds along my cheeks, like the greenwood,
That, fputt’ring in the flame, works outward into tears.
Dryden s Gleomenes.
It depends not on his will to perfuade himfelf, that what
actually fcalds him, feels cold. Locke.
Has he any other wound about him, except the accidental
foldings of his wort ? Addfon.
Warm cataplafms difcufs ; but folding hot may confirm the
tumour : heat, in general, doth not refolve and attenuate the
juices of a human body ; for too great heat will produce con¬
cretions. Arbuthoot on Aliments.
The bed; thing we can do is to fold him ;
For which operation there’s nothing more proper
Than the liquor he deals in, his own melted copper. Swift.
2.A provincial phrafe in hufbandry.
In Oxfordfhire the four land they fallow when the fun is
pretty high, which they call a faking fallow. Mortimer.
Scald, n.f. [from the verb.] Scurff on the head.
Her head, altogether bald,
Was overgrown with fcurff and filthy fold. Spenfr.
Scald, adj. Paltry; forry.
Saucy lidtors
Will catch at us like ftrumpets, and fcald rhymers
Ballad us out o’ tune. Shakefpeare.
Sca'ldhead. n.J'. [fkalladur, bald, Iflandick. Hickcs. ] A
loathfome difeafe; a kind of local leprofy in which the head
is covered with a continuous fcab.
The ferum is corrupted by the infection of the touch of
a fait humour, to which the fcab, pox, andfcaldhead are re¬
ferable. Floyer.
SCALE, n.f. [ycale, Saxon; fchael, Dutch; fcal, Iflandick.J
1. A balance; a veflel fufpended by a beam againft another
veffel.
If thou tak’ft more
Or lefs than juft a pound, if thefcale turn
But in the eftimation of a hair.
Thou dieft. Shak. Merchant of Venice.
Your vows to her and me, put in twofales,
Will even weigh, and both as light as tales. Shakefpeare.
Here’s an equivocator, that could fwear, in both the fales,
againft eitherfcale; who committed treafon enough for God’s
lake, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Long time in even fcale
The battle hung. Milton s Farad. Lof, b. vi.
The world’sfales are even ; what the main
In one place gets, another quits again. Cleaveland.
Thefales are turn’d, her kindnefs weighs no more
Now than my vows. - Waller.
In full aflemblies let the crowd prevail;
I weigh no merit by the commonfcale,
The confcience is the teft. Dryden.
If we confider the dignity of an intelligent being, and put
that in the fales againft brute inanimate matter, we may af¬
firm, without overvaluing human nature, that the foul of one
virtuous and religious man is of greater worth and excellency
than the fun and his planets. Bentley s Sermons.
2. I he fign Libra in the Zodiack.
Juno pours out the urn, and Vulcan claims
Thefales, as the juft product of his flames. Creech.
3. [Efcaille, French; fquarna, Latin.] The fmall fhells or crufts
which lying one over another make the coats of fifties.
He puts him on a coat of mail,
Which was made of a fifh’sfcale. Drayton.
Standing kloof, with lead they bruife the fcales.
And tear theflelh of the incenfed whales. Waller.
4. Any thing exfoliated or dcfquamated ; a thin lamina.
Take jet and the fales of iron, and with a wet feather,
when the fmith hath taken an heat, take up the fales that fly
from the iron, and thole fcales you Ihall grind upon your
painter’s ftone. Peacham.
When afcale of bone is taken out of a wound, burning re¬
tards the feparation. Sharp’s Surgery.
5. [Scala, a ladder, Latin.] Ladder; means of afeent.
Love refines
The thoughts, and heart enlarges; hath his feat
In reafon, and is judicious; is the fate
By which to heav’nly love thou may’ll: afeend. Milton.
Ou the bendings of thefe mountains the marks of feveral
Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
ancient fcales of flairs may be feen, by which they ufed to
afeend them. Addifon on Italj.
6. The act of ftorming by ladders.
Others to a city ftrong
Lay fiegc, encamp’d ; by batt’ry, fcale, and mine
Afl’aulting. Milt.Parad.Lnfl.
7. Regular gradation ; a regular feries rifing like a ladder.
Well haft thou theJcale of nature fet,
From centre to circumference; whereon
Jn contemplation of created things,
By fteps we may afeend to God. Milt. Par. Loft.
The fcale of the creatures is a matter of high fpeculation. Grew.
The higher nature ftill advances, and preferves his fuperiority in thefcale of being. Addifon.
All the integral parts of nature have a beautiful analogy to
one another, and to their mighty original, whofe images are
more or lefs expreflive, according to their feveral gradations
in the fcale of beings. Cheyne’s Phil, Princ.
We believe an invifible world, and a fcale of fpiritual beings
all nobler than ourfelves. Bentley s Sermons.
Far as creation’s ample range extends.
Thefcale of fenfual mental pow’rs afeends. Pope.
In contemplation’sfcale I’ll foar,
And be enraptur’d more and more ;
Whilft thus new matter of furprife
In each gradation fhall arife. Maclean.
8. A figure fubdivided by lines like the fteps of a ladder, which
is ufed to meafure proportions between pi&ures and the thing
reprefented.
The map of London was fet out in the year 1658 by Mr.
Newcourt, drawn by <1 fcale of yards. Graunt.
9. The feries of harmonick or mufical proportions.
The bent of his thoughts and reafonings run up and down
thisfcale, that no people can be happy but under good govern¬
ments. Temple.
10. Any thing marked at equal diftances.
They take the flow o’ th’ Nile
By certain fcale i’ th’ pyramid : they know
By th’ height, the lownefs, or the mean, if dearth
Or foizon follow.
To Scale, v. a. [fealare, Italian.]
1. To climb as by ladders.
Often have Ifcald the craggy oak,
All to diflodge the raven of her ueft :
How have I wearied, with many a ftroke,
The ftately walnut-tree, the while the reft
Under the tree fell all for nuts' at ftrife ! Sfenfer.
Upon the ceafing of the great artillery they affailed the
breach, and others with their icaJing laddersfaded the walls.
Knol/es’s Hifory of the Turks.
1 be way feems difficult, and fteep, to fcale
W ith upright wing againft a higher foe. Milton.
Heav’n with thefe engines had beenfeal’d.
When mountains heap'd on mountains fail’d. Waller.
When the boldTyphaeusfeal'd the fky,
And forc’d greatJove from his own heav’n to fly,
T he lefler gods all fuffer’d. Dryden,
2. To meafure or compare; to weigh.
You have found.
Scaling his prefent bearing with his paft,
That he’s your fixed enemy. Shak. Corioianus.
3. [Fromfcale of a fifh.] To take off a thin lamina.
Raphael was fent to fcale away the whitenefs of Tobit’s
eyes. Tob. iii. 17.
4. I o pare off a furface.
If all the mountains were fealed, and the earth made even,
the waters would not overflow its fmooth furface. Burnet.
To Scale, v. n. To peel off" in thin particles.
Thofe that caff their Ihell are the lobfter and crab : the old
fkins are found, but the old fhells never; fo as it is like they
Jcale off, and crumble away by degrees. Bacon.
Scaled, adj. [from fcalel\ Squamous; having fcales like
fifties.
Half my Egypt was fubmerg’d, and made
A eiftern forfcald fnakes. Shakefp. Ant and Cleop&t.
SCALE'NE. n.J. [French; fcalertum, Latin.] In geometry,
a triangle that has its three fides unequal to each other. Bailey.
Sca'liness. n f [fromfcaly.] The ftate of being fealy.
Scall. n.f [fkalladur, bald, Iflandick. See Scaldhead.]
Leprofy; morbid baldnefs.
It is a dryfall, a leprofy upon the head. Lev. xiii. 30.
Sca'llion. n.f. [faloynd, Italian; ajealonia, Latin.] A kind*
of onion.
SCA'1LOG n-f iefcaIl'P\ French.] A fifh with a hollow pec¬
tinated ihell. r
So th’ emperour Caligula,
That triumph’d o’er the Britifh fea,
Engag’d his legions in fierce buftles
With pcriwincles, prawns, and mufcles ;
And led his troops with furious gallops,
To charge whole regiments of fcallops. Hudibrns.
The
S C A S C A
Milton.
Dryden.
Wlodward.
1 he (and is in Scilly glittering, which may be occafioned
^ from freeftone mingled with whitefcallop fliells. Mortimer.
to Sca'llop. v. a. To mark on the edge with fegments of
circles.
Scalp, v. f. [fchelpe, Dutch, a fhell; falpo, Italian.]
1. The fcullj the cranium; the bone that inclofes the brain.
High brandilhing his bright dew-burning blade,
Upon his crefted fcalp fo fore did fmite,
That to the fcull a yawning wound it made. Fairy Queen.
O gentle Puck, take this transformed fcalp
From off the head of this Athenian fwain.
That he awaking, when the others do.
May all to Athens back again repair. Shakefpeare.
White beards have arm’d their thin and hairlefsfealps
Againft thy majefty. Sbakefp. Richard II.
The hairy fealps
Are whirl’d aloof, while numerous trunks beftrow
Th’ enfanguin’d field. Phillips.
If the frafture be not complicated with a wound of the
fcatpy or the wound is too fmall to admit of the operation,
the fraCture mutt be laid bare by taking away a large piece of
thefcalp. Sharp's Surgery.
2. The integuments of the head. \
To Scalp, v. a. [from the noun.] To deprive the fcull of its
integuments.
We feldom inquire for a frafture of the fcull by fcalping,
but that the fcalp itfelf is contufed. Sharp.
SCA'LPELt n.f [Fr. fcalpellum, Latin.] An inftrument ufed
to ferape a bone by chirurgeons.
Sca'iy. adj. [fromfale.] Covered with feales.
The river horfe and fcaly crocodile.
His awful fummons they fo foon obey ;
So hear thefcaly herd when Proteus blows,
And fo to pafture follow through the fea.
Afcaly fifh with a forked tail.
To SCA'MBLE. v. n. [This word, which is fcarceiy in ufe,
has much exercifed the etymological fagacity of Meric CafauIon; but, as is ufual, to no purpofe.]
1. To be turbulent and rapacious; tofcramble; to get by ftruggling with others.
Have frefh chaff in the bin.
And fomewhat to fcamble for hog and for hen. Puffer.
Scambling, out-facing, fafhion-mong’ring boys.
That lie, and cog, and flout, deprave and flander. Sbakefp.
That felf bill is urg’d, and had againft us paft.
But that thefcambling and unquiet time
Did pufh it out of further queftion. Sbakef. Henry V.
He was no fooner entered into the town but a fcambling
foldier clapt hold of his bridle, which he thought was in a
begging or a drunken fafhion. Wotton.
2. To fhift aukwardly.
Some fcambling fhifts may be made without them. More.
To Sca'jwble. v. a. To mangle; to maul.
My wood was cut in patches, and other parts of itfcambled
and cut before it was at its growth. Mortimer.
Sca'mbler. n. f. [Scottifh.] A bold intruder upon one’s generofity or table.
Sca/mblingly. adv. [from fcambling.'] With turbulence and
noife ; with intrufive audacioufnefs.
ScammoNiate. adj. [from fcammony.] Made with fcammony.
It may be excited by a local,fammoniate, or other acrimo¬
nious medicines. Wijeman s Surgery.
SCA'MMONY. n. f. [Latin ; fcammonce, French.] A con¬
creted refinous juice, light, tender, friable, of a greyifh-brown
colour, and difagreeable odour. It flows upon incifion of the
root of a kind of convolvulus, that grows in many parts of
Afia. Trevoux.
To Sca'mpf.r. v. n. [fchampen, Dutch; fcampare, Italian.]
To fly with fpeed and trepidation.
> A fox feized upon the fawn, and fairlyfcampered away with
L'E/lrange.
You will fuddenly take a refolution, in your cabinet of
Highlanders, toJ'catnper off with your new crown. Addifon.
Be quick, nay very quick, or he’ll approach,
And as you’re fcamp'ring flop you in your coach.
To Scan. v. a. [fcandre, French ; fando, Latin.]
I. To examine a verfe by counting the feet.
Harry, whofe tuneful and well meafur’d fong
I irft taught our Englifh mufick how to fpan
Words with juft note and accent, not tofan
With Midas’ ears, committing fhort and long.
I hey fan their verfes upon their fingers, run
ceits and glaring thoughts.
Lo examine nicely.
Air Soes t0 heav’n,
And fo am I reveng’d: that would be fam'd. Sbakef Ham.
1 he reft the great architeff
Did wifely to conceal; and not divulge
His fecrets to befannd by them, who ought
Rather admire. Milton's Paradife Lcjl, b. viii.
Kin
2.
Milton.
after conWalfh.
Every man lias fonie guilts, which he defires fhould not be
rigoroufly fanned; and therefore, by the rule of charity and
juftice, ought not to do that which he would not fuft’er.
Government of the Tongue.
At the final reckoning, when all mens actions fhall be
fanned and judged, the great king fhall pafs his fentence, ac¬
cording to the good men have done, or negleCted to do. Calam.
Sir Roger expofing his palm, they crumpled it into all
fhapes, and diligently fanned every wrinkle that could be
made in it. _ _ Addifn.
The actions of men in high ftations are all confpicuous,
and liable to be fanned and fitted. Atterbury.
In full fruition of fuccefsful pow’r,
One moment and one thought might let him fan
The various turns of life, and fickle ftate of man. Prior.
SCA'NDAL. n.f [cWvdaAoi/; fondle, French.]
1. Offence given by the faults of others.
His Juftful orgies he enlarg’d
Even to the hill offandal, by the grove
Of Moloch homicide. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. i.
2. Reproachful afperfion ; opprobrious cenfure; infamy.
If blackfandal, or foul-fac’d reproach.
Attend thefequel of your impofition,
Yourmeer enforcement fhall acquittance me
From all the impure blots and ftains thereof. Shak. R. III.
My known virtue is fromfandal free,
And leaves no fhadow for your calumny. Dryd. Aurengz.
In the cafe of fandal, we are to reflect how men ought to
judge. Rcgers's Sertnons.
1 o Sca'ndal. v. a. [from the noun.] To treat opprobrioufly ; to charge falfely with faults.
You repin’d,
Scandal'd the fuppliants ; for the people call’d them
Time-pleafers, flatterers. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
I do fawn on men, and hug them hard.
And afterfandal them. Shak. Julius Cafar.
To ScaNdalize. v. a. [cry.covb'oo?uTcc; feandalifer, French;
from fandal']
1. To offend by fome action fuppofed criminal.
I demand who they are whom wefandalize by ufing harmlefs things ? Among ourfelves, that agree in this ufe, no man
will fay that one of us is offenfive and fcandalous unto an¬
other. Hooker
It had the excufe of fome bafhfulnefs, and care not tofandalize others. Hammond on Fundamentals.
Whoever confiders the injuftice of fome minifters, in thofe
intervals of parliament, will not befandalized at the warmth
and viVacity of thofe meetings. Clarendon.
Many werefandalized at the perfonal flander and reflection
flung out by Jcandalizing libellers. Addifon.
2. To reproach; to difgrace; to defame.
Thou do’ft appear tofcandalize
The publick right, and common caufe of kings. Daniel.
Sca'nd ALOUS. adj. [fandaleux, French; fromfandal. ]
1. Giving publick offence.
Nothing fcandalous or offenfive unto any, efpecially unto
the church of God: all things in order, and with feemlineft* Hooker.
Something favouring
Of tyranny, which will ignoble make you.
Yea, fcandalous to the world. Sbakefp. Winter'sTale.
2. Opprobrious; difgraceful.
3. Shameful; openly vile.
You know the fcandalous meannefs of that proceeding,
which was ufed. Pope.
Scandalously, adv. [fromfcandalous.]
1. Cenforioufly; opprobrioufly.
Shun their fault, who,fcandaloufly nice.
Will needs miftake an author into vice. Pope.
2. Shamefully; ill to a degree that gives publick offence.
His difeourfe at table wasfcandaloufy unbecoming the dig¬
nity of his ftation; noife, brutality, and obfeenenefs. Swift.
Sca'ndalousness. n.f. [from Jcandalous.] The quality of
giving publick offence.
Sca'nsion. n. f. [fcanfto, Latin.] The aft or pra&iceof fcanning a verfe.
To SCANT. v. c. [jeyctenan, Saxon, to break; fkaaner, Danilh, to fpare.] To limit; to ftraiten.
You think
I will your ferious and great bufinefsfcant.
For fhe is with me. Shakefpeare's Othello.
They need rather to be fanted in their nourifhment than
replenilhed, to have them fweet. Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory.
We might do well to think with ourfelves, what time of
ftay we would demand, and he bade us not to fcant our¬
felves. Bacon.
Looking on things through the wrong end of the perfpective, which fants their dimenfions, we negleft and contemn
them, ' Qlanv- ScePf'
Starvre
t
S C A S C A
Starve them.
For fear the ranknefsof the fwelling womb
Should [cant the paffage and confine the room. Dryden.
1 am (canted in the pleafure of dwelling on your a&ions.
Dryden s Fables, Dedication.
Scant, adj. [from the verb.]
1. Wary j not liberal'; parcimonious.
From this time.
Be fomewhatfcanter of your maiden prefence. Shakefp.
2. Not plentiful; fcarce; lefs than what is proper or competent.
White is a penurious colour, and where moifture isfcant:
fo blue violets, and other flowers, if they be ftarved, turn pale
and white. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
A Angle violet tranfplant:
The ftrength, the colour, and the fize,
All which before was poor and fcant,
Redoubles ftill and multiplies. Donne.
To find out that,
In fuch a fcant allowance of flar-light.
Would over-talk the be!! land-pilot’s art. Milton.
Scant, adv. [from the adjective.] Scarcely; hardly.
The people, befide their travail, charge, and long attend¬
ance, received of the bankers fcant twenty {hillings for
thirty. Camden s Remains.
Wefcant read in any writer, that there have been feen any
people upon the fouth coaft. Abbot’s Defcript. of the World.
A wild pamphlet, befides other malignities, would fcant al¬
low him to be a gentleman. JVotton.
O’er yonder hill doesfcant the dawn appear. Gay.
Sca'ntily. adv. [fromfcanty.]
1. Sparingly; niggardly.
He fpoke
Scantily cf me, when perforce he could not
But pay me terms of honour. Sbakefp. Ant. and Chop.
2. Narrowly; not plentifully.
Sca'ntiness. n.f. [ixomfcanty.]
j. Narrownefs; want of fpace; want of compafs.
Virgil has fometimes two of them in a line ; but thefcantinefs of our heroick verfe is not capable of receiving more than
one. Dryden.
2. Want of amplitude or greatnefs.
Alexander was much troubled at the fcantinefs of nature
itfelf, that there were no more worlds for him to difturb. South.
Sca'ntlet. n.f [corrupted, as it feems, fromfcantling.] A
fmall pattern ; a fmall quantity ; a little piece.
While the world was but thin, the ages of mankind were
longer; and as the world grew fuller, fo their lives were fucceffively reduced to a fhorter fcantlet, ’till they came to that
time of life which they now have. Hale.
Sca'ntling. n.f. [efchantillon, French ; ciantellinoy Italian.]
1. A quantity cut for a particular purpofe.
’Tis hard to find out a woman that’s of a juft fcantling for
her age, humour, and fortune, to make a wife of.
L’Eflrange.
2. A certain proportion.
The fuccefs,
Although particular, fhall give a fcantling
Of good or bad unto the general. Shah. Trail, and Creff.
3. A fmall quantity.
Reduce defires to narrowfcantlings and fmall proportions.
Taylor’s Rule of living hory.
Afcantling of wit lay gafping for life, and groaning beneath
a heap of rubbifh. Dryden.
In this narrow fcantling cf capacity, we enjoy but one plea¬
fure at once. Locke.
Sca'ntly. adv. [fromfcant.]
1. Scarcely; hardly..
England, in the opinion of the popes, was preferred, becaufe it contained in the ecclefiaftical divifion two large pro¬
vinces, which had their feveral legati nati; whereas France
had fcar.tly one. Camden’s Remains.
2. Narrowly ; penurioufly ; without amplitude.
My eager love. I’ll give myfelf the lye;
The very hope is a full happinefs.
Yetfcantly meafures what 1 fhall poflefs. Dryden.
Sca'ntness. n.f. [from fcant.] Narrownefs; meannefs;
fmalnefs.
He was a man of a fierce fpirit, and of no evil difpofition,
favingthat he thoughtfcantnefs of eftate too great an evil.
Hayward.
Did we but compare the miferable fcantnefs of our capaci¬
ties with the vafl: profundity of things, truth and modefty
would teach us wary language. Glanv. Scepf.
Sca'nty. adj. [The fame withfcant.]
j. Narrow; fmall; wanting amplitude; fhort of quantity fufficient.
As long as one can increafe the number, he will think the
idea he hath a little toofcanty for pofitive infinity. Locke.
His dominions were very narrow and fcanty; for he had not
the pofleffion of a foot of land, ’till he bought a field of the
fons of Hetfi, Locke.
Nowfanticr limits the proud arch confine.
And fcarce are feen the proflrate Nile and Rhine ;
A fmall Euphrates through the piece is roll’d,
And little eagles wave their wings in gold. Pope.
2. Small; poor; not copious; not ample.
Their language beingJcanty, an^ accommodated only to the
few neceffarics of a needy Ample life, had no words in it to
ftand for a thoufand. ^ Locke.
There remained few marks of the old tradition, fo they
had narrow’ and Jcanty conceptions of providence. I'/oodward.
They with luch Jcanty wages pay
The bondage and the flavery of years. Swift.
3. Sparing; niggardly; parcimonious.
In illuftrating a point of difficulty, be not too fcanty of
words, but rather become copious in your language. Watts.
To Scape, v.a. [contracted from ejeape.] To efcapej to
avoid; to fhun ; not to incur; to fly.
What, have Ifcaped love-letters in the holyday time of my
beauty, and am 1 now a fubjedt for them ? " Shakefpeare.
1 doubt not but to die a fair death, ifIfcape hanging. Shak.
What can fcape the eye
Of God all-feeing? , Milton.
To Scape, v. n. To get away from hurt or danger.
Could they not fall unpity’d on the plain,
But flain revive, and, taken, fcape again. Drydeni
Scape., n.f [from the verb.]
1. Efcape; flight from hurt or danger; the aft of declining or
running from dariger ; accident of fafety.
I fpoke of mod difaftrous chances,
OF hair-breadth fcapes in th’ imminent deadly breach. Shak.
2i Means of -fcfcape; evafion.
Having purpos’d falfhood, you
Can have no way but falfhood to be true !
Vain lunatick, again!! thefe fcapes I could
Difpute, and conquer, if I would. Donne.
3. Negligent freak.
No natural exhalation in the fky.
No fcape of nature, no diftemper’d day,
But they will pluck away its nat’ral caufe,
And call them meteors, prodigies, and figns. Shakefpeare.
4. Loofe ad! of vice or lewdnefs.
A bearne ! a very pretty bearne ! fure fome fcape : though I
am not bookilh, yet I can read waiting-gentlewoman in the
fcape. Shakefp. Winter's Tale*
Thou lurk’d!!
In valley or green meadow, to way-lay
Some beauty rare, Califto, Clymene:
Too long thou laid’ft thyfcapes on names ador’d. Milton.
SCAPULA, n.f [Latin.] The Ihoulder-blade.
The heat went off from the parts, and fpread up higher to
the breaft and fcapula. Wifeman.
Sca'pular. 7 adj. [fcapulaire, Fr. from fcapula, Lat.] ReSca'pulary. J lating or belonging to the fhoulders.
The humours difperfed through the branches of the axil¬
lary artery to the fcapulary branches. Wifeman ofUlcers.
The vifeera were counterpoifed with the weight of the fcapular part. Derham.
SCAR, n.f [from efehar, efcare, French; £<r%a^«.] A mark
made by a hurt or fire; a cicatrix.
Scratch thee but with a pin, and there remains
Somefear of it. Shakefp. As you like it.
The foft delicious air,
To heal thefears of thefe corrofive fires.
Shall breathe her balm. Milton:
It may be ftruck out of the omnifciency of God, and leave
no fear nor blemilh behind. More.
This earth had the beauty of youth and blooming nature,
and not a wrinkle, fear, or fradlure on all its body. Burnet.
In a hemorrhage from the lungs ftypticks are often infighificant; and if they could operate upon the affedled part, fo
far as to make afear, when that fell off, the difeafe would re¬
turn. Arbuthnot on Diet.
To Scar. v. a. [from the noun.] To mark as with a fore or
wound.
Yet I’ll not !hed her blood,
Norfear that whiter fkin of her’s than fnow.
And fmooth as monumental alabafter. Shakefp. Othello.
ScA'rab. n.f [fcarabee, Fr. fcarabceus, Latin.] A beetle;
an irifeft with flieathed wings.
A fmall j'carab is bred in the very tips of elm-leaves: thefe
leaves may be obferved to be dry and dead, as alfo turgid, in
which lieth a dirty, whitilh, rough maggot, from which pro¬
ceeds a beetle. Derham’s Phyfico-Theology.
Sca'ramouch. n. f [<fcarmouche, Fr.] A buffoon in motly
drefs. 1
It makes the folemnities of juflice pageantry, and the bench
reverend poppets, or jcaramouches in fcarlet. Collier.
SCARCE, adj. [fearJo, Italian; fchaers, Dutch.]
1. Not plentiful. J
A Swede will no more fell you his hemp for lefs filver, be¬
came you tell him filver isfcarcer now in England, and there23 F fore
S C A
^ore f‘^en one in value, than a tradcfman of London will
e his commodity cheaper to the Ifle of Man, becaufe money
lsJcarce there- Lode.
2. Rare; not common.
Thefarcefl of all is a Pefcemius Niger on a medallion well
c Preferved‘ Addifon.
SCARCE. 1
Sca'rcely. [from the adjeflive.J
1. Hardly; fcantly.
A thing which we fo little hoped to fee, that even they
which beheld it done fcarcely believed their own fenfes. Hooker.
When we our betters fee bearing our woes,
We fcarcely think our miferies our foes. Sbak. King Lear.
Age, which unavoidably is but one remove from death,'
and confequently fhould have nothing about it but what looks
like a decent preparation for it, fcarce ever appears, of late
days, but in the high mode, the flaunting garb, and utmoft
gaudery of youth. . South.
You neither have enemies, nor can fcarce have any. Dryd.
2. With difficulty. J '
He fcarcely knew him, flriving to difown
His blotted form, and blufhing to be known. Dryden.
Slowly he fails, and fcarcely Items the tides ;
The prefling water pours within her fides. Dryden
Scarceness. 1 r rr r _ J
Sca'rcitv. i*-f- ] -
J. Smalnefs of quantity; not plenty; penury.
Scarcity and want fhall fhun you ;
Ceres’ bleffing fo is on you. Sbahfpom.
Raphael write thus concerning his Galatea: to paint a fair
one, tis neceffary for me to fee many fair ones ; but, becaufe
there is fo great a Jcarcity of lovely women, I am conftrained
to make ufe of one certain idea, which I have formed in my
an/7‘ , Dryden’s Dufrejnoy.
Corn does not rife or fall by the differences of more or lefs
plenty of money, but by the plenty and fcarcity that God
lends* t i
t .1 • « Locke*
In this grave age, when comedies are few.
We crave your patronage for one that’s new.
And let thefcarcenefs recommend the fare. Addifon.
I hey drink very few liquors that have not lain in frefco, inlomuch that a fcarcity of fnow would raife a mutiny at
CS" r • c Addifon.
2. Karenefs ; infrequency; not commonnefs.
They that find fault with our ftore, fhould be leaf! willing
to reprove ourfcarcity of thankfgivings. Hooker.
. Sife,th£ value of an ad vantage is enhanced by itsfcarcenefi
rt is hard not to give a man leave to Jove that molt which is
T„Tr A PFCe ' r , r Collier on Pride.
lobCARL. v. a. [forare, Italian. Skinner.] To fright; to
frighten ; to affright; to terrify ; to ffrike with fudden fear.
I hey have feared away two of my beft fheep, which, I
fear, the wolf will fooner find than the matter. Shakefpeare.
Roor Tom hath been feared out of his good wits. Sbakefp.
My grained afh an hundred times hath broke,
Andy^-W the moon with fplinters. Sbak. Coriolanus.
1 he none of thy crofs-bow
Willfcare the herd, and fo my fhoot is loft. Shakef. H.V1.
scarecrows are fet up to keep birds from corn and fruit; and
fome report that the head of a wolf, whole, dried, and hanged
up in a dovehoufe, wiliyrarv away vermin. Baccn.
The wing of the Irifh was fo grievoufly either galled or
feared therewith, that being ftrangers, and in a manner neu¬
trals, they had neither good heart to go forward, nor good
liking to ftand ftill, nor good affurance to run away. Hayward.
The light
Waves threaten now, as that wasfear’d by fire. Waller:
One great reafon why mens good purpofes fo often fail, is,
that when they are devout, orfeared, they then in the general
refolve to live religioufly. Calamy’s Sermons.
.Let wanton wives by death befar’d-y
But, to my comfort, I’m prepar’d. Prior.
Sca'recrow. n.f [fare and crow.] An image or clapper fet
up to fright birds : thence any vain terrour.
Thereat thefcarecrow waxed wond’rous proud,
Through fortune of his firft adventure fair,
And with big thundering voice revil’d him loud. Fa. Queen.
No eye hath feen fuchJcarecrows: I’ll not march through
Coventry with them, that’s flat. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
We mutt not make aJcarecrcw of the law.
Setting it up to fear the birds of prey.
And let it keep one fhape, ’till cuftom make it
heir pearch, and not their terrour. Shakefpeare.
“ thofe great guns, wanting powder and fhot, flood
A S"5 Raleigh.
breaking out (As to tlifcTc 8 7 ! ^
maTvkind^f trU vPCt* lV their Several founds, ferve for
many kind of advertifements; and bells ferve to proclaim a
farefre, and in fome places water-breaches. Holder.
SCA
SCARF, n.f. [efharfe> French.] Any thing that hangs Ioofe
upon the fhoulders or drefs.
1 he matrons flung their gloves,
Ladies and maids theirfcarfs and handkerchiefs,
Upon him as he pafs.dt Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Will you wear the garland about your neck, or under your
arm, like a lieutenant’sfarf? Shakefpeare.
^r*s *here, with humid bow.
Waters th’ odorous banks, that blow
flowers of more mingled hew
Than her purfled farf can fhow. Milton.
ltian, in his triumph of Bacchus, having placed Ariadne
on one of the borders of the pidure, gave her a farf of a
vermilion colour upon a blue drapery. Dryden.
The ready nymphs receive the crying child ;
They fwath’d him with theirfcarfs. ° Dryden.
My learned correfpondent writes a word in defence of large
fca es' , Spectator.
rut on your hood andfcarf, and take your pleafure. Swift.
To Scarf, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To throw loofely on.
My fea-gown fcarft about me, in the dark
Grop’d I to find them out. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
2. To drefs in any Ioofe vefture.
How like a younker, or a prodigal.
Thefarfed bark puts from her native bay,
Hugg’d and embraced by the ftrumpet wind ! Shakefpeare.
Come, feeling night,
Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day. Sbak. Macbeth.
Sca rfskin. n.f. [farf and fin.] The cuticle; the epider¬
mis ; the outer fcaly integuments of the body.
The fcarfskiny being uppermoft, is compofed of feveral lays
of fmall feales, which lie thicker according as it is thicker in
one part of the body than another; between thefe the excre¬
tory duds of the miliary glands of the true fkin open. Lheyne.
Scarification, n.f. [fearifeatioy Lat. fcarifcation, French;
fromfcarify.] Incifion of the fkin with a lancet, or fuch like
inftrument. It is moft pradifed in cupping. Quincy.
Hippocrates tells you, that, in applying of cups, thefcarification ought to be made with crooked inftruments. Arbuthnot.
Scarifica'tor. n.f. [fromfcarify.] One who fcarifies.
Sca'rifier. n.f. [fromfcarify.]
1. He who fcarifies.
2. The inftrument with which fcarifications are made.
To SCA'RIFY. v. a. [fcarifico, Lat.fcarifery Fr.] To let blood
by incifions of the fkin, commonly after the application of
cupping-glaffes.
Wafhing the falts out of the efehar, and fcarifying it, I
dreffed it. JVifeman s Surgery:
You quarter foul language upon me, without knowing whe¬
ther I deferve to be cupped and fcarified at this rate. Spectator.
SCA'RLET. n.f. [efcarlatey French ; fcarlatoy Ital.] A colour
deeply red, but not fhining; cloath dyed with a fcarlet colour.
If we live thus tamely.
To be thus jaded by a piece of fcarlety
Farewel nobility. Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
As a bull
Amid’ the circus roars ; provok’d from far
By fight of fcarlet and a fanguine war. Dryden.
Would it not be infufferable for a'learned profeflor, and
that which hisfcarlet would blufh at, to have his authority of
forty years ftanding in an inftant overturned. Locke.
Scarlet, adj. [from the noun.] Of the colour of fcarlet;
red deeply died.
I conjure thee,
By her high forehead and herfcarlet lip. Sbak. Ro. and Jul.
Thy ambition.
Thoufcarlet fin, robb’d this bewailing land
Of noble Buckingham. Sbak. Henry VIII.
The Chinefe, who are of an ill complexion, being olivafter,
paint their cheeksfcarlet. Bacon.
Thefcarlet honour of your peaceful gown. Dryden.
Sca'rletbean. n.f [ fcarlet and bean.] A plant.
The fcarletbean has a red hufk, and is not the beft to eat in
the fhell, as kidneybeans; but is reputed the beft to be eaten
in Winter, when dry and boiled. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Scarletoak. n.f. The ilex. Afpeciesof oak.
Sca'RMAGE. ? r rl? e\ • -n nr-,
Sca'rmoge. r*> [F°r iLirmifh. Spenfer.]
Such cruel game my fcarmages difarms;
Another war, and other weapons I,
Do love, when love does give his fwcet alarms. Fa. Queen.
Scarp, n.f [efcarpey French.] The flope on that fide of a
ditch which is next to a fortified place, and looks towards
the fields. Di£l.
Scatch. n.f [efachey French.] A kind of horfebit for
bridles. Bailey.
Sca'tches. n.f. [chaffeSy French.] Stilts to put the feet in to
walk in dirty places. Bailey.
Scate. n.f. [Jkidory Swedifh; Jkid, Iflandick.] A kind of
wooden fhoe, with a fteel plate underneath, on which they
Hide over the ice.
i To
SCA
To Scate. v. «. [from the noun.] To Hide on fcates.
Sc ate. n.f [fquatus, Latin.] A fiih of the fpecies of
thornback.
Sca'tebrous. adj. [from fcatebrcc, Latin.] Abounding with
fprings. Dili.
To SCATH. v.a. [yceaSan, fcatfan, Saxon; fchaeden, Dut.J
To waftcj to damage; to dcftroy.
As when heaven’s fire
Hath fcath'd the foreft oaks, or mountain pines,
With finged top their ftately growth, though bare,
Stands on the blafted heath. Milton's Farad. Lojl, b. i.
Scath. n.f. [yceaS, Saxon. ] Wafte; damage; mifchief;
depopulation. Scath in Scotland denotes fpoil or damage : as,
he bears thtfcath and the fcorn. A proverb.
She fuborned hath
This crafty mefl'enger, with letters vain,
To work new woe and unprovided fcath. Fairy ghicen.
The ear that budded fair is burnt and blafted.
And all my hoped gain is turn’d tofcath. Spenfer.
He bore a fpiteful mind againft king Edward, doing him
all thefath that he could, and annoying his territories. Spenfer.
My proud one doth work the greaterfcath,
Through fweet allurement of her lovely hue. Spenfer.
They placed them in Rhodes, where daily doing greatfcath
to the Turk, the great warrior Soliman, with a mighty army,
fo overlaid them, that he won the ifiand from them. Knolles.
Still preferv’d from danger, harm, and fcath.
By many a fea and many an unknown Ihore. Fairfax.
ScaVhful. adj. [from fcath.] Mifchievous; deftrudtive.
A bawbling veflel was he captain of,
Forfhallow draught, and bulk unprizable,
With which fuchJcathful grapple did he make,
That very envy, and the tongue of lofs.
Cried fame and honour on him. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
To SCATTER. V. a. [ycatejian, Saxon ; fchattcren, Dutch.]
I.To throw loofely about; to fprinkle.
Where cattle paftur’d late, nowfcattcr'd lies
With carcafes and arms th’ enfanguin’d field. Milton.
Teach the glad hours tofcatter, as they fly.
Soft quiet, gentle love, and endlels joy. Prior.
Corruption, ftill
Voracious, fwallow’d what the liberal hand
Of bounty fcatter d o’er the favage year. Thonfon.
1.To diflipate; to difperfe.
A king, that fitteth in the throne of judgment, fcattereth
away all evil with his eyes. Prov. xx. 8.
The Lord fhall caufe his glorious voice to be heard with
fattering and tempeft and ftones. If xxx. 30.
Samuel came not to Gilgal, and the people were fcattered
from Saul. x sa. xiii. 8.
Adam by this from the cold fudden damp
Recovering, and \\\%featur'd fp’rits return’d. Milton.
3. To fpread thinly.
Why ftiould my mufe enlarge on Libyan fwains,
Theirfcatter'd cottages and ample plains. Dryden.
To Sca tter. v n. To be diflipated; to be difperfed.
Sound diffufeth itfelf in rounds; but if that which would
fcatte> in open air, be made to go into a canal, it gives greater
force to the found. Bacon.
The fun
Shakes from his noon-day thrsne thefcattering clouds. Thom.
Sca tteringlv. adv. [from fcattering.] Loofely ; difpirfedly.
The Spaniards have here and there fatteringly, upon the
fea-coafts, fet up fome towns. Abbot.
Thofe drops of prettinefs, fatteringly fprinkled amongft the
creatures, were defigned to defecate and exalt our conceptions,
not to inveigle or detain our paflions. Boyle.
Sca'tterlimg. n.f [fromfatter.] A vagabond; one that
has no home or fettled habitation.
Such lofels and fatterlings cannot eafily, by any ordinary
officer, be gotten, when challenged for any fuch fadl. Spenfer.
Gathering unto him all the fatterlings and outlaws out of all
the woods and mountains, in which they long had lurked, he
marched forth into the Englifh pale. Spenfer on Ireland.
Scatu RIENT. adj. [fcaturiens, Latin.] Springing as a foun-
, Din.
Scaturi'ginous. adj. [fromfcaturigo, Latin.] Full offprint
or fountains. Dili.
Scavenger, n.f. [from ycayan, to (have, perhaps to fweep,
Saxon.] A petty magiftrate, whofe province is to keep the
ftreets clean.
Since it is made a labour of the mind, as to inform mens
judgments, and move their affections, to refolve difficult places
of Scripture, to decide and clear off controverfies, I cannot
fee how to be a butcher, jeavenger, or any other fuch trade
does at all qualify men fur this work. South's Sermons.
Fading’s nature’s fcavenger. Baynard.
Dick the fa eager, with equal grace,
Flirts from his cart the mud in Walpole’s face. Swift.
SCFLERAT. n. f. [French; feleratus, Latin.] A vil¬
lain ; a wicked wretch. A word introduced unneccflarily
from the French by a Scottifh author.
Scelerats can by no arts ftiflc the cries of a wounded confcicnce- Cheyne.
S XIUIJ*
Ur. \
S C E
Scf.'narY. n.f. [fromfcene.]
1. The appearances of pjace or things.
He rnuft gain a relifh of the works of nature, and be
converfant in the variousfenary of a country life. Addi on.
2. The reprefentation of the place in which an atftion is per¬
formed.
The progrefs of the found, and the feenary of the border¬
ing regions, are imitated from JEn. vii. on the founding the
horn of Aledto. Pope.
3. The difpofition and confecution of the feenes of a play.
To make a more perfect model of a pidture, is, in the
language of poets, to draw up the feenary of a play. Dryden.
SCENE, n.f [fcana, Latin; crxnv'ri ; fcene, French.]
1. The ftage ; the theatre of dramatick poetry.
Cedar and pine, and fir and branching palm,
A fylvan fcene \ and as the ranks afeend
Shade above fhade, a woody theatre
Of ftatelieft view. Adi'ton,
2. The general appearance of any adlion; the whole contexture
of objedbs; adifplay; aferies; a regular difpofition.
Now prepare thee for anotherjeene. Milton.
A mute tcene of forrow, mixt with fear ;
Still on the table lay the unfinifh’d cheer. Dryden.
A largerfcene of adiion is display’d,
And, riling hence, a greater work is weigh’d. Dryden.
Ev’ry lev’ral place mud be
Afcene of triumph and revenge to me. Dryden.
When rifing Spring adorns the mead,
A charming fcene of nature is difplay’d. Dryden:
Eternity ! thou pleading, dreadful thought!
Through what variety of untry’d beings,
Through what newfcene> and changes muft we pafs 1 Addif.
About eight miles diftance from Naples lies a very noble
fcene of antiquities: what they call Virgil’s t mb is the
Addijon on Italy,
Say, fhepherd, fay, are thefe refledtions true ?
Or was it but the woman’s fear that drew
This cruelJeene, unjult to love and you. Prior.
3. Part of a play.
It fhall be fo my care
To have you royally appointed, as if
Thefcene you play were mine. Shakefp. Winter’sTale.
Our author would excufe thefe youthfulfeenes
Begotten at his entrance. 1 Granville.
A- So much of an adl of a play as pafles between the fame perfons in the fame place.
If his characters were good,
Thufeenes entire, and freed from noife and blood,
The adiion great, yet circumfcrib’d by time,
The words not forc’d, but Aiding into rhime,
He thought, in hitting thefe, his bufinefs done. Dryden.
5. The place reprefented by the ftage.
The king is fet from London, and th0fcene
Is now tranfported to Southampton. Shakefp. Hen. V.
6. The hanging of the theatre adapted to the play.
The alteration offeenes feeds and relieves the eye, before it
be full of the fame objedl. Bacon.
Sce'nick. adj. [fenique, Fr. fromfcene.] Dramatick; theatrical.
Withfcenick virtue charm the rifing age. Anonym.
ScenograVhical. adj. [ cxrivv and ypoitpu. J Drawn in
perfpedtive.
Scenogra'phically. adv. [from fcenographical.] In perfpedlive.
If the workman be {killed in perfpedlive, more than one
face may be reprefented in our diagramfenographically. Mort.
Sce'nography. n.f. [ crxyvri and ygoitpw; fcenographie,Er.]
The art of perfpedlive.
SCENT, n.f [fentir, to fmell, French.]
1. The power of finelling; the fmell.
A hunted hare treads back her mazes, crofles and con¬
founds her former track, and ufes all poffible methods to divert
the feent. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind
2. The objedt of fmell ; odour good or bad.
Belman cried upon it at the meereft lofs.
And twice to-day pick’d out the dulleft/^*/. * Shakefpeare.
The plague, they report, hath a feent of the fmell of a mel-
°Tpple’ l , &>«».
Good earth, newly turned up, hath a frefhnefs and a00d
feent. Bacon
Good[cents do purify the brain.
Awake the fancy, and the wits refine.
Partake
The feafon, prime for fweeteft[cents and airs. Milton
Exulting, ’till he finds their nobler fenfe
Their difproportion’d fpeed does recompenfe •
Then curfes his confpiring feet, whofe /cent *
Betrays that fafeey which the.r fwiftnefs lent. Denbam.
Chearful health,
Wvdt,UfC°1lhLand,ma^ ti,rouSh the alr improv’d,
, W'* lytfh hand tl.ftufes/«»t, ambrofial. Prior.
3. Ehace followed by the fmell.
He gained the obfervations of innumerable ages, and trave led upon the fameJcent into ./Ethiopia. Temple.
SCH SCtI
To Scent. v. a. [from the noun.]
i.To fmell; to perceive by the nofe.
So feented the grim feature, and upturn’d
His noftrils wide into the murky air,
Sagacious of his quarry from fo far. Milton s Par. Lofi.
1.To perfume; or to imbue with odour good or bad.
Balm, from a filver box diftill’d around.
Shall all bedew the roots, and/cent the facred ground. Dryd.
He fpies
His op’ning hounds, and now he hears their cries ;
A gen’rous pack, or to maintain the chace.
Or fnuff the vapour from thefeented grafs. Addifon.
Sce'ntless. adj. [from[cent.] Inodorous; having no fmell.
SCE'PTRE. n.f. [feeptrum, Latin ; feeptrey Fr.] The enfign
of royalty born in the hand.
Nor fhall proud Lancafter ufurp my right,
Nor hold the feeptre in his childifh fift. Shak. Plenry VI.
Thou feeptre’s heir.
That thus affect1 It a fheephook. Shakefpeare.
How, beft of kings, do’ft thou afeeptre beai!
How, beft of poets, do’ft thou laurel wear !
But two things rare the fates had in their ftore.
And gave thee both, to fhew they could no more, B. jfohnf
The feeptre bearers lent
Their tree attendance. Chapman’s Odyffey.
The parliament prefented thofe adls which were prepared
by them to the royalfeeptre, in which were fome laws reftraining the extravagant power of the nobility. Clarendon.
The court of Rome has, in other inftances, fo well attefted
its good managery, that it is not credible crowns and feeptres
are conferred gratis. Decay of Piety.
Sce'ptred. adj. [fromfeeptre.] Bearing a feeptre.
Thefeeptred heralds call
To council, in the city-gates. Milton’s Paradife Lofl.
To Britain’s queen the feepter’d fuppliant bends,
To her his crowns and infant race commends. Ticket.
Sce'ptick. n.f. See Skeptick.
Schedule, n.f [fchedula, Latin; fehedule, French.]
1. A fmall fcroll.
The firft publifhed febedules being brought to a grave knight,
he read over an unfavory fentence or two, and delivered back
the libel. Hooker.
All ill, which all
Prophets or poets fpake, and all which fhall
B’ annex’d in jcbedules unto this by me,
Fall on that man. Donne.
2. A little inventory.
I will give outfebedules of my beauty: it fhall be invento¬
ried, and every particle and utenfii labefd to my will. Shak.
Schematism, n. f. [ ] Combination of the
afpedls of heavenly bodies; particular form or difpofition of a
thing.
Every particle of matter, whatever form or fchematifm
it puts on, muft in all conditions be equally extended, and
therefore take up the fame room. Creech.
Sche'matist. n.f. [fromfcheme.] A projector; one given to
forming fchemes.
SCHEME, n.f. [<r%^/^a.]
1. A plan; a combination of various things into one view, dehgn, or purpofe ; a fyftem.
Were our fenfes made much quicker, the appearance and
outwardfcheme of things would have quite another face to u9,
and be inconfiftent with our well being. Locke.
We fhall never be able to give ourfelves a fatisfadtory ac¬
count of the divine condudf, without forming fuch afcheme of
things as fhall at once take in time and eternity. Atterbury.
2. Aprojedt; a contrivance ; a defign.
The haughty monarch was layingfchemes for fupprefling the
ancient liberties, and removing the ancient boundaries of king¬
doms. Atterbury’s Sermons.
He farms the well-concerted fcheme of mifehief;
’Tis fix’d, ’tis done, and both are doom’d to death. Rozue.
The ftoical fcheme of fupplying our wants by lopping of
our defires, is like cutting off- our feet when we want
fhoes. Swift.
3. A reprefentation of the afpedls of the celeftial bodies; any
lineal or mathematical diagram.
It hath embroiled the endeavours of aftrology in the erec¬
tion of fchemes, and the judgment of death and difeafes.
Brown’s VAgar Errours.
It is a fcheme and face of heaven,
As th’ afpedls are difpos’d this even. Hudibras.
Sche'mer. n.f. [fromJcheme.'] A projedlor ; a contriver.
Sche'sis. n.f [o-^Ecrtf.] An habitude; ftate of any thing
with refpedt to other things.
It that mind which has exifting in itfelf from all eternity
all the fimple eflences of things, and confequently all their
pofliblejehefes or habitudes, fhould ever change, there would
arife a newJchcfis in the mind, which is contrary to the fuppofition. ^ Norris.
ScFrRHUS. n.f. [fcirrhe, Irench. Thisfhould be written fkirrhus, not merely becaufe it comes from crxqi/©?, but becaufe c
in Englifh has beforS e and i the found off See Skeptick.]
An indurated gland.
Any of thefe three may degenerate into a feirrhus, and that
feirrhus into a cancer. Wijeman of Tumours.
Schi'rrhous. adj. [from feirrhus.] Having a gland indu¬
rated.
How they are to be treated when they are ftrumous, feirrhousy or cancerous, you may fee. Wijeman.
Scirrho'sity. n.f [from feirrbous ] An induration of the
glands.
The difficulty of breathing, occafioned byfcirrhfities of the
glands, is not to be cured. Arbuthnot on Diet.
SCHISM, n.f ; fchifmeyFx.] A feparation or divifion in the church of God.
bet bounds to our paffions by reafon, to our errours by
truth, and to ourfchifms by charity. King Charles.
Oppofe fchifms by unity, hypocrify by fober piety, and de¬
bauchery by temperance. Spratt’s Sermons.
When a fchifm is once fpread, there grows at lenerth a difpute which are the fchifmaticks : in the fenfe of the law the
fchifm lies on that fide which oppofes itfelf to the religion of
the ftate. Swift.
ScHIsma'tical. adj. [fchifmatique, Fr. from fchifmatick.] Im¬
plying fchifm; pradlifing fchifm.
By thefe tumults all factions, feditions, and fchlmatical pro¬
posals againft government, ecclefiaftical and civil, muft be
backed. , King Charles. .
Here bare anathema’s fall but like fo many brutafulmina
upon the obftinate and fchifmaticaly who are like to think themfelves fhrewdly hurt by being cut off from that body which
they chufe not to be of, and fo being punifhed into a quiet
enjoyment of their beloved feparation. South’s Sermons.
Schisma'tically. adv. [from fchifmatical.] In a fchifmatical
manner.
Schi'smatick. n.f. [from fchifm.'] One who feparates from
the true church.
No known heretick norfchfmatich fhould be fuffered to go
into thofe countries. Bacon.
Thus you behold the fchifmaticks bravado’s:
Wild fpeaks in fquibs, and Calamy in granado’s.. Butler.
Thefchijmaticks united in a folemn league and covenant to
alter the whole fyftem of fpiritual government. Swift.
To Schi'smatize. v. a. [fcomfchifm.] To commit the crime
of fchifm; to make a breach in the communion of ths
church.
SCHO'LAR. n.f. [fcbolaris, Latin; ecolicry French.]
1. One who learns of amafter; a difciple.
Many times that w'hich deferveth approbation would hardly
find favour, if they which propofe it were not to profefs themfelvesfcholars, and followers of the ancients. Hooker.
Thefcholars of the Stagyrite,
Who for the old opinion fight.
Would make their modern friends confefs
The diff’rence but from more to lefs. Prior.
2. A man of letters.
This fame fcholars fate, res angufla domi, hinders the pro¬
moting of learning. Wilkins’s Math. Magic.
To watch occafions to corred! others in their difeourfe, and
not flip any opportunity of fhewing their talents, Jcbolars are
mod blamed for. Locke.
3. A pedant; a man of books.
To fpend too much time in ftudies, is floth ; to make judg¬
ment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a fcholar: they
perfedl nature, and are perfected by experience. Bacon.
4. One who has a lettered education.
My coufin William is become a good fcholar: he is at Ox¬
ford ftill, is he not? Shakefp. Henry VI.
Scholarship, n.f [fromfcholar.]
1. Learning; literature; knowledge.
It pitied my very heart to think that a man of my mafter’s
underftanding, and great Jcholarfhip, who had a book of his
own in print, fhould talk fo outragioufly. Pope.
2. Literary education.
This place fhould be fchool and univeifttv, not needing a
remove to any other houfe of fcholarjhip Milton.
3. Exhibition or maintenance for a fcholar. Ainfu ortb.
Schola'stical. adj. [Jcholaflicus, Latin.] Belonging to a
fcholar or fchool.
Schola'stically. adv. [fromfcbolajlick.] According to the
niceties or method of the fchools.
No moralifts or cafuifts, that treat fcholajlically of juftice,
but treat of gratitude, under that general head, as a part of
j* South’s Sermons.
Schola'sticK. adj. [from fchola, Latin; fcholaJliqucy French.]
1. Pertaining to the fchool; pradlifed in fchools.
I would render this intelligible to every rational man, how¬
ever little verfed in fcbolajlick learning. ig y on 0 ics.
Schola/lick education, like a trade, does fo nx a man in a
particular way, that Ire is not fit to judge of any thmg that
lies out of that way. Burn« r Theory of th, turth.
2. Befitting the fchool; fu itab’e to the fchool; pedantick; needIefly fubtle. Thc
S C H
The favour ofpropofing there, in convenient fort, whatfdever ye can obje£f, which thing I have known them to grant
of febolajiick courtefy unto ltrangcrs, never hath nor ever will
be denied you. Hooker.
Sir Francis Bacon was wont to fay, that thofe who left ufeful ftudies for ufelefs febolajiick fpeculations, were like the
Olympick gamefters, who abftained from neceflary labours,
that they might be fit for fuch as were nut fo. Bacon.
Both fides charge the other with idolatfy, and that is a mat¬
ter of confcience, and not a febolajiick nicety. Stillingfleet.
Scholiast, n.f. [fehoHa/ie, French; fcholiojies, Latin.J A
writer of explanatory notes.
I he title of this fatyr, in fome ancient manuferipts, was
the reproach of idlenefs ; though in others of thefcboliafls ’tis
inferibed againft the luxury of the rich. Dryclen.
What Gellius or Stobaeus cook’d before.
Or chew’d by blind old feholiajis o’er and o’er. Dunciael.
SCHULION. I n.f [ Latin. 1 A note; an explanatory obSCHO'LIUM. \ fervation.
Hereunto have I added a certain glofs orfebolion, for the
expofition of old words, and harder phrafes, which manner
of gloffing and commenting will feem ftrange in our lan¬
guage. _ " Spenfer.
Some caff all their metaphyfical and moral learning into thjs
method of mathematicians, and bring every thing relating to
thofe abftra&ed or pra&ical fciences under theorems, problems,
poftulatcs,yc/WrWn, and corollaries. Watts.
Scho'ly. n.f. [febolie, Fr. fcbolium, Latin.] An explanatory
note. This word, with the verb following, is, I fancy, pe¬
culiar to the learned Hooker.
He therefore, which made us to live, hath alfo taught us to
pray, to* the end, that fpeaking unto the Father in the Son’s
own prefeript form, w'ithoutJcboly or glofs of ours, we may
be fure that we utter nothing which God will deny. Hooker.
That fcholy had need of a very favourable reader, and a
tra&able, that fhould think it plain conftruddion, when to be
commanded in the word, and grounded upon the word, are
made all one. Hooker.
To Scho'ly. v. n. [from the noun.] To write expofitions.
The preacher fhould want a text, whereupon to
„ fchob- Hooker.
SCHOOL, n.f. [fchola, Latin; ecole, French.]
I. A houfe of difeipline and inftrudlion.
Their age the fame, their inclinations too.
And bred together in one fchool they grew. Dryden.
“1. A place of literary education.
My end being private, I have not exprefTed my conceptions
in the language of the /cbools. Digby.
Writers on that fubjedt have turned it into a compofition
of hard words, trifles, and fubtilties, for the mere ufe of the
fchools, and that only to amufe men with empty founds. Watts.
3. A Bate of inftrudlion.
The calf breed to the rural trade.
Set him betimes tofchool, and let him be
Inftrudted there in rules of hufbandry. Dryden.
4. Syftem of dodfrine as delivered by particular teachers.
No craz’d brain could ever yet propound,
Touching the foul, fo vain and fond a thought;
But fome among thefe mailers have been found.
Which in theirfchools the felf-farne thing had taught. Davies,.
Let no man be lefs confident in his faith, concerning the
great bleffings God defigns in thefe divine myfleries, by reafon
of any difference in the feveral fchools of Chriftians, concern¬
ing the confequent bleffings thereof. Taylor.
5. The age of the church, and form of theology fucceeding that
of the fathers.
The firff principles ofChriftian religion fhould not be farced
withfchool points and private tenets. Sanderfon.
A man may find an infinite number of propofitions in books
of metaphyficks, fchool divinity, and natural philofophy, and
know as little of God, fpirits, or bodies, as he did before. Locke.
To School, v. a. [from the noun ]
1. To inftruct; to train.
Una her befought to be fo good
As in her virtuous rules to fchool her knight. Fa. ffhtecn.
He s gentle, neverfcoool d, and yet learned. Shakejpeare.
2. To teach with fuperiority ; to tutor.
You fhall go with me;
I have fome private fbooling for you both* Sbakefpedrc.
Coufin, fchool yourfelf; but for your hufhand,
He’s noble, wife, judicious. Shakef. Macbeth.
School your child.
And afk why God’s anointed he revil’d. Dryden.
If this be fchoolim, ’tis well for the confiderer : I’ll engage
that nq adverlary of his fhall in this fenfe everJcbool him. Att.
Scho'olboy. n.f. [Jcbool and boy.] A boy that is in his rudi¬
ments at fchool.
Schoolboys tears take up
The glafTes of my fight. Shakefpeare.
He grins, fmacks, fhrugs, and fuch an itch endures.
As ’prentices orfcboolboys, which do know
Of fome gay fport abroad, yet dare not go* Donne.
s c i
Afchoolboy brought his mother a book he had ftoleh. L'Ejlf.
Once he had heard a icboolboy tell.
How Semele of mortal race
By thunder died. Swift„
Scho'olday. n.f. [fchool and d*yf\ Age iri which youth is
fent to fchool.
Is all forgot?
AVi fchooldays friendfhip, childhood, innocence? Shakefp.
Scho'olfellow. n.f. [Jcbool and fell.w.] One bred at the
fame fchool.
Thy flatt’ring method on the youth purfue ;
Join’d with hisfchoolJ'Alows by two and two :
Perfuade them firff to lead an empty wheel,
In length of time produce the lab’ring yoke. Dryden.
The emulation of Jchcolfellows often puts life and induffry
into young lads. Locke.
Scho'olhouse. n.f. [fchool and houfe] Houfe of difeipline
and inftrudtion.
Fair Una ’gah Fidelia fair requeft.
To have her knight unto herJcboolhoufe plac’d. Spenfer.
Scho'olm an. n. f. [Jchooi and man.]
1. One verfed in the niceties and fubtilties of academical difputation.
The king, though no good fchcolman, converted one of
them by difpute. Bacon.
Unlearn’d, he knew no fchoohnaris fubtle art;
No language, but the language of the heart. Pope.
2. One fkilled in the diviqity of the fchool.
If a man’s wit be not apt to diftinguifh or find differences,
let him ftudy thefchoobnen. Bacon.
Tojcboolmen l bequeath my doubtfulnefs.
My ficknefs to phyficians. Donne;
Men of nice palates could not relifh Ariffotle, as he was
dreft up by theJcboolmen. Baker.
Let fubtlejcboolmen teach thefe fiends to fight.
More ffudious to divide than to unite. Pope.
Schoolmaster, n.f. [fchool and ?najier.] One who prefides
and teaches in a fchool.
I, thyfchoolmajler, have made thee more profit
Than other princes can, that have more time •
For vainer hours, and tutors not fo careful. Shakefpeare.
Adrian VI. was fometimefchoolmajhr to Charles V. Knolles.
The: ancient fophifts and rhetoricians lived ’till they were
an himdred years old; and fo likewife did nyany of the gram¬
marians and Jchoolmafiers, as Orbilius. Bacon.
A father may fee his children taught, though he himfelf
does not turnfchoolma/ier. South's Sermons*.
Schoolmistress, n.f. [fchool and mijirefs.] A woman who
governs a fchool.
Such precepts I have fele&ed from the moft confiderable
which we have received from nature, that exadlfchoolmijirefs.
Dryden's Dufrejnoy.
My fchoolmijirefs, like a vixen Turk,
Maintains her lazy hufband. Gay’s What d'ye Call it.
Schreight. n.f. A fifh. Ainfworth.
Scx'agraphy. n.f [feiagraphie, French; axtxy^octpla.. This
fhould be written with a k.]
1. [In architecture.] The profile or feiSfion of a building, to
(hew the infide thereof. Bailey.
2. [In aftronomy.] The art of finding the hour of the day or
night by the fhadow of the fun, moon, or ftars. Bailey.
Sci'atherical. \adj. [faaterique, Fr. try.ict3-/igix@J.] BeSci'atherick. j longing to a fun-dial. Dift. This fhould
be written fkiatherical.
There were alfo, from great antiquity, fciatherical or fundials, by the fhadow of a ffile or gnomon denoting the hours
of the day; an invention aferibed unto Anaxamines byPlinv.
Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
SCIATICA. 7 n.f [ fciatlque, French; ifchiadica paffio, Latin 1
SCIATICK. 3 The hip gout. 'J
Which of your hips has the moft profoundfciatica? Shakef.
Thou cold fciatica,
Cripple our fenators, that their limbs may halt
As lamely as their manners. ’ Shakefp. Timcn.
The Scythians, ufing continual riding, were generally molefted with the fciatica, or hip gout. Brown s Vulg. Err.
Rack’d with (ciattck, martyr’d with the ftone.
Will any mortal let himfelf alone ? Popes
SciaYical. adj. [from fciatica.] Afflidling the hip.
In obftinate Jciatical pains, bliftering and cauteries have
been found effectual. Arbuthnot.
SCFENCE. n.f. [J'cience, French ; feientia, Latin.]
1. Knowledge.
If we conceive God’s fight or feieitee, before the creation of
the world, to be extended to all and every part of the world
feeing every thing as it is, his preference or forefi«ht of any
adion of mine, or rather hisfame or fight, from all eternity,
lays no neceffity on any thing to come to pafs, any more than
my eeing t e fun move hath to do in the moving of it. Hamm.
2. Certainty grounded on demonftration.
So you arrive at truth, though not at cience.
23 G
Berkhy.
3. Art
/
S C I SCO
3. Aft attained by precepts, or built on principles.
Science perfects genius, and moderates that fury of the fancy
which cannot contain itfelf within the bounds of reafon. Dryd.
4. Any art or fpecies of knowledge.
Nofcience doth make known the firft principles, whereon
it buiideth; but they are always taken as plain and manifeft
in themfelvcs, or as proved and granted already, fome former
knowledge having made them evident. Hooker.
Whatfoever we may learn by them, we only attain accord¬
ing to the manner of naturalJ'ciences, which mere difeourfe of
wit and reafon findeth out. Hooker.
I prefent you with a man
Cunning in mufick and the mathematicks,
To inftrudt her fully in thofe feiences. Shakefpeare.
The indifputable mathematicks, the onlyfcience heaven hath
yet vouchfafed humanity, have but few votaries among the
Haves of the Stagirite. Glanv. Scepf.
5. One of the feven liberal arts, grammar, rhetorick, logick,
arithmetick, mufick, geometry, alfronomy.
Good fenfe, which only is the gift of heav’n,
And though no fcience, fairly worth the fev’n. Pope.
SciE'NTlAL. aelj. [from fcience.] Producing fcience.
From the tree her ftep (lie turn’d ;
But firft low reverence done, as to the pow’r
That dwelt within; whofe prefence had infus’d
Into the plantfeiential fap, deriv’d
From nedtar, drink of gods. Milton's Paradife Lofl.
Scienti'fica L. ladj. [feientifique, Fr. feientia and facto, Lat.J
Scienti'fick. J Producing demonftrative knowledge; pro¬
ducing certainty.
Natural philofophy proceeding from fettled principles,
therein is expedited a fatisfadfion from Jcientifical progreflions,
and fuch as beget a fure or rational belief. Brown's Vulg. Err.
No where are there more quick, inventive, and penetrating
capacities, fraught with all kind offcientifical knowledge. Howel.
No man, who firft trafficks into a foreign country, has any
feientifek evidence that there is fuch a country, but by report,
which can produce no more than a moral certainty ; that is, a
very high probability, and fuch as there can be no reafon to
except againft. South's Sermons.
The fyftems of natural philofophy that have obtained, are
to be read more to know the hypothefes, than with hopes to
gain there a comprehenfive, fcientifical, and fatisfadtory know¬
ledge of the works of nature. Locke.
Scientifically, adv. fromfcientifical.'] In fuch a manner
as to produce knowledge.
Sometimes it refts upon teftimony, becaufe it is eafier to
believe than to be fcientifically inftrudted. Locke.
Sci'mitar. n.f [See Cimeter.] A fhort fword with a
convex edge.
I’ll heat his blood with Greekifh wine to-night.
Which with my feirnitar I’ll cool to-morrow. Shakefpeare.
Sci'ney Clofe. n. f. A fpecies of violet. Ainjworth.
Scink. n.f A call calf. Ainfworth. In Scotland and in Lon¬
don they call itfink.
To SC1NTPLLATE. v.n. [fcintillo, Latin.] Tofparkle;
to emit fparks.
Scintilla'tion. n.f. [fcintillatioy Lat. fromfcintillate.] The
adt of fparkling; fparks emitted.
He faith the planetsfcintillation is not feen, becaufe of their
propinquity. Glanv. Scepf.
Thefefcintillations are not the accenfion of the air upon the
collifion of two hard bodies, but rather the inflammable ef¬
fluences di/charged from the bodies collided. Brown.
Scio'list. n.f. [Jciolus, Latin.] One who knows many things
fuperficially..
’Twas this vain idolizing of authors which gave birth to
that filly vanity of impertinent citations : thefe ridiculous
fooleries fignify nothing to the more generous difeerners, but
the pedantry of the affedted fciolijls. Glanv. Scepf.
Thefe paffages, in that book, were enough to humble the
prefumption of our modern feiolifs, if their pride were not as
great as their ignorance. Temple.
Sci'olous. adj. [feiolus, Latin.] Superficially or imperfedly
knowing.
I could wifh thefefciolous zelotifts had more judgmentjoined
with their zeal. Howel.
Scio'machy. n.f [fchiamachie, Fr. <nt/a and y-ccy^f] Battle
with a fhadow. This fhould be writtenfkiamachy.
To avoid thisfciosnachy, or imaginary combat of words, let
me know, fir, what you mean by the name of tyrant ? Cowley.
Scion, n f. [feion, French.] A fmall twig taken from one
*ree to he engrafted into another.
Sweet maid, we marry.
A gentlefeion to the wildeft ftock ;
And make conceive a bark of bafer kind.
By bud of nobler race. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
March is drawn in his left hand blofloms, andfeions upon his
arm' Peacham.
Thefaont are beft of an old tree. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
SCIRE LA LIAS. n.f. [Latin.] A writ judicial, inlaw, moft
commonly to call a man to fhew caufe unto the court, whence
it is fent, why execution of a judgment palled fhould not be
made. This writ is not granted before a year and a day is
pafled, after the judgment given. Cowet.
Sci'ssi BLE. adj. [fromfdffus, Latin.] Capable of being di¬
vided finoothly by a fharp edge.
T he differences of imprefiible and not impreflible, fciffble
and not Jciffible, and many other paflions of matter, are ple¬
beian notions. Eacon.
Sci'ssiLE. adj, [ fciffile, Fr. fciffilis, Latin.] Capable of being
cut or divided fmoothly by a fharp edge.
Animal fat is a fort of amphibious fubftance, fiiff'e like a
folid, and refolveable by heat. Arbuthnct.
Sci'ssion. n.J. [feiffion, French; fciffio, Latin.] The adt of
cutting.
Nerves may be wounded by feifiion or pundture : the former
way they are ufually cut through, and wholly ceafe from ac¬
tio11* Wifeman’s Surgery.
Sci'ssor. n.f. [This word is varioufiy written, as it is fuppofed to be derived by different writers ; of whom fome write
cifors, from credo, or incido ; others fcijf.rs, from feindo; and
fome cijars, ciiars, orfeiffars, cifeaux, Fr.] A fmall pair of
fneers, or blades moveable on a pivot, and intercepting the
thing to be cut.
His beard they have fing’d off with brands of fire;
And ever, as it blaz’d, they threw on him
Great pails of puddled mire to quench the hair:
My mafter preaches patience to him, and the while
His man with feiffars nicks him for a fool. Shakefpeare.
Wanting the Jcifars, with thefe hands I’ll tear.
If that obftrudt my flight, this load of hair. Prior.
When the lawyers and tradefmen brought extravagant bills,
fir Roger wore a pair of feiffars in his pocket, with which he
would fnip a quarter of a yard oft' nicely. Arbuthnor.
Sci'ssure. n.f [fciffum, Latin] A crack; a rent; a fiffure.
The breach feems like thefeiffures and ruptures of an earth¬
quake, and threatens to fwallow all that attempt to clofe it,
and referves its cure only for omnipotence. Decay ofPiety.
SCLEROTICK. adj. [flerotique, Fr. <ncBng(§j.] Hard: an
epithet of one of the coats of the eye,
7 he ligaments obferved in the infide of thefclerotick tunicles
of the eye, ferve inftead of a mufcle, by their contraction, to
alter the figure of the eye. Ray on the Creation.
Sclero ticks, n.f [from the adjective.] Medicines which
harden and confolidate the parts they are applied to. Bfuincy.
ToScoat. \v. a. 7'o ftop a wheel by putting a ftone or
To Scotch. J piece of wood under it before. Bailey.
To SCOFF, v.n. [fchoppen, Dutch.] To treat with infolent
ridicule ; to treat with contumelious language. With at.
Of two noblemen of the Weft of England, the one was given
tofeoff, but kept ever royal cheer in his houfe; the other would
a(k of thofe that had been at his table. Tell truly, was there
never a flout or dry blow given ? Bacons
There is no greater argument of a light and inconfiderate
perfon, than prophanely tofeoff at religion. Tillotfon.
Such is love,
And fuch the laws of his fantaftick empire.
The wanton boy delights to bend the mighty.
And faffs at the vain wifdom of the wife. Rowe.
Scoff. n.J. [from the verb.] Contemptuous ridicule; expreflion of fcorn ; contumelious language.
Our anfwer therefore to their reafons is no ; to theirfeoffs,
nothing. Hooker.
With feoffs and fcorns, and contumelious taunts,
In open market-place produc’d they me. Shakef. H. VI.
How could men furrender up their reafon to flattery, more
abufive and reproachful than the rudeftfeoffs and the flharpeft
invectives ? South.
Some little fouls, that have got a fmattering of aftronomy
or chemiftry, for want of a due acquaintance with other
fciences, make a feoff at them all, in comparifon of their fa¬
vourite fcience. Watts.
Sco'ffer. n.f. [from feoff.] Infolent ridiculer; faucy fcorner;
contumelious reproacher.
I muft tell you friendly in your ear.
Sell when you can ; you are not for all markets :
Cry the man mercy, love him, take his offer ;
Foul is moft foul, being found to be a fcoffer. Shakefp.
Divers have herded themfelves amongft thefe profane feof¬
fors, not that they are convinced by their reafons, but ter¬
rified by their contumelies. Government of the Tongue.
Confider what the apoftle tells thefe Jeffers they were igno¬
rant of, not that there was a deluge; but he tells them, that
they were ignorant that the heavens and the earth of old were
fo and fo conftituted. Burnet s Theory of the Earth.
Sco ffing ly. adv. [fromfeoffng ] In contempt; in ridicule.
Ariftotle applied this hcmiftick faffingf to the fycophants at
Athens. Broome's Notes to theOdyffey.
To Scold, v.n. [feholden, Dutch ] Fo quarrel clamoroufly
and rudely. .
Pardon me, ’tis the firft time that ever
I’m forc’d to [cold. Shakef CorWanus.
The
SCO SCO
The one as famous for a folding tongue.
As the other is for beauteous modefty. Shakefpeare.
I hey attacked me, f'ome with piteous moans, others grin¬
ning and only {hewing their teeth, others ranting, and others
folding and reviling. Stiliingfoet.
Pallas meets the queen of love ;
For gods, we are by Homer told.
Can In celeftial language fold. Swift.
Scolding and curfing are her common converfation. Swift.
Scold, n.f. [from the verb.] A clamourous, rude, mean,
low, foul-mouthed woman.
A Ihrew in domeftick life, is now become a [cold in poli¬
ticks. Addijon s Freeholder.
Sun-burnt matrons mending old nets ;
Now finging fhrill, and fcolding oft between;
Scolds anfwer foul-mouth’d folds. Swift.
Sco'llop. n.f. [Written properly fcallop.~[ A pe&inated fhellfifii.
Scolopendra. n.f. [fclopendre, French 3 (rxoHorcv^ot.]
1. A fort of venomous ferpent.
2. [Scohptndrium, Latin.J An herb. Ainfworth.
Scomm. n.f. [Perhaps fromfomma, Latin.] A buffoon. A
word out of ufe, and unworthy of revival.
The fomms, or buffoons of quality, are wolvifh in con¬
verfation. LEJlrange.
Sconce, n. f. [fhantz, German.]
1. A fort; a bulwark.
Such fellows are perfect in the great commanders names,
and they will learn you by rote where fervices were done; at
fuch and fuch aforce, at fuch a breach. Shak. Henry V.
2. The head: perhaps as being the acropolisy or citadel of the
body. A low word.
Why does he fuffer this rude knave now to knock him
about the force with a dirty (hovel, and will not tell him of
his aclion of battery ? Sbakefp. Hamlet.
3. A penfile candleftick, generally with a looking-glafs to reflect
the light.
Golden forces hang upon the walls,
To light the coftly fuppers and the balls. Dryden’s Lucret.
Triumphant Umbriel, on a force’s, height,
Clapp’d his glad wings, and fat to view the fight. Pope.
Put candles intoforces. Swift’s Direft. to the Butler.
To Sconce, v. a. [A word ufed in the univerfities, and derived
plaufibly by Skinner, whofe etymologies are generally rational,
from fonccy as it fignifies the head ; toforce being to fix a fine
on any one’s head.] To mulCI; to fine. A low word which
ought not to be retained.
Scoop, n.f. [fchoepe, Dutch.]
1. A kind of large ladle; a veffel with a long handle ufed to
throw out liquor.
They turn upfide down hops on malt-kilns, when almoft
dry, with a fcaop. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Endeavour with thy fcoopy or fingers, to force the ftone
outwards. Sharp’s Surgery.
2 A fweep ; a ftroke. Perhaps it (hould befweep.
Oh hell-kite !
What, all my pretty chickens and their dam,
At one fell fcoop ! Sbakefp. Macbeth.
To Scoop, v. a. [fchoepen, Dutch.]
J. To lade out.
As by the brook he (food.
He fcoop’d the water from the crylfal flood. Dryden’s Ain.
2. This word feems to have not been underftood by dhomfn.
Melted Alpine fnows
The mountain cifterns fill, thofe ample ftores
Of water fcoop’d among the hollow rocks. . Thomfon.
3. To empty by lading.
If fome penurious fource by chance appear’d,
Scanty of waters, when you fcoop’cl it dry,
And offer’d the full helmet up to Cato,
Did he not dafti th’ untafted moifture from him ? Addfon.
4» To carry off in any thing hollow.
A fpedfator would think this circular mount had been ac¬
tually fooped out of that hollow fpace. Speftatsr.
Her fore-feet are broad, that (lie mayfcoop away much earth
at a time
5.io cut hollow, or deep.
Whatever part of. the harbour they fcoop in, it has an in¬
fluence on all the reft; for the fea immediately works the
whole bottom to a level. Audiion on Italy.
Thofe carbuncles the Indians willfcoop, fo as to hold above
a pint. ^ . Arbuthnot on Coins.
To his fingle eye, that in his forehead glar’d
Like a full moon, or a broad burnifh’d Ihield,
A forky ftaff wc dext’roufiy apply’d,
Which, in the fpacious focket turning round,
Scoopt out the big round gelly from its orb. Addifon.
It much conduces how to fcare
The little race of birds, that hop
From fpray to fpray, fooping the coflliefl fruit,
Infatiate, undifturb’d. Phillips.
The genius of the place
Or helps th’ambitious hill the hcav’n toi fcale;
Orfcoops in circling theatres the vale. Pope.
Sco'oper. n f [from fcoop.] One who- fcoops.
Scope, n.f. [fcopusy Latin.]
1. Aim; intention; drift.
Yourfcope is as mine own,
So to inforcc or qualify the laws,
As to your foul feems good. Shak. Meaf.for Meafurei
His coming hither hatli no fartherfcope
Than for his lineal royalties, and to beg
Infranchifement immediate on his knees. Shak. R. II,
Had the whole fope of the author been anfwerable to his
title, he would have only undertaken to prove what every man
is convinced of; but the drift of the pamphlet is to ftir Up our
compaffion towards the rebels. Addifon s Freeholder.
2. Thing aimed at; mark; final end.
Thefope of all their pleading againft man’s authority is to
overthrow fuch laws and conftitutions in the church, as de¬
pending thereupon, if they Ihould therefore be taken away,
would leave neither face nor memory of church to continue
long in the world. Hooker.
Now was time
To aim their counfels to the faireft fcope. Hubberd’s Tale.
We fliould impute the war to the fope at which it aimeth- Raleigh.
He, in what he counfels, and in what excels,
Miftruftful, grounds his courage on defpair.
And utter diffolution, as theJcope
Of all his aim. Miltons Paradife Loft.
3. Room; fpace; amplitude of intelle&ual view.
An heroick poet is not tied to a bare reprefentation of what
is true, but that he might let himfelf loofe to vifionary objects,
which may give him a freerfope for imagination. Dryden.
Thefe theorems being admitted into opticks, there would
be fope enough of handling that fcience voluminously, after
a new manner; not ordy by teaching thofe things which tend
to the perfection of vifion, but alfo by determining mathema¬
tically all kinds of phenomena of colours which could be pro¬
duced by refra&ion. Newton’s Opt.
4. Liberty; freedom from reftraint.
If this conftrain them to grant that their axiom is not to
take any place, fave in thofe things only where the church
hath largerfopey it refteth that they fearch out fome ftronger
reafon. Hooker.
Ah, cut my lace afunder,
That my pent heart may have fome fope to beat.
Or elfei fwoon with this dead killing news. Shakefpeare.
5- Liberty beyond juft limits; licence.
Sith ’twas my fault to give the peoplefope,
’Twould be my tyranny to ftrike and gall them,
For what I bid them do. Shakefpeare.
Being moody, give him line andfcope,
’Till that his paflions, like a whale on ground,
Confound themfelves with working. Shanefp. Henry IV.
6. ACI of riot; fally.
As furfeit is the father of much faft.
So every fope, by the immoderate ufe,
Turns to reftraint. Shakefpeare.
7. Extended quantity.
T he fcopes of land granted to the firft adventurers were
too large, and the liberties and royalties were too great for
fubjeCts. Davies on Irelands
8. It is out of ufe, except in the three firft fenfes.
Scopulous. adj. [ fcopulojus, Latin.] Full of rocks. Dift.
Scorbu'tical. £«. f. [fcorbut/que, Fr. fromforbutus^ Latin.]
Scorbu'tick. i Difeafed with the feurvy.
A perfon about forty, of a full and Jcorbutical body, having
broke her fkin, endeavoured the curing of it; but obferving
the ulcer fanious, I propofed digeftion. Wifeman.
Violent purging hurtsforbutick conftitutions; lenitive fubftances relieve. Arbuthnot.
Scoreu'tically. adv. [fromforbut'tcal.] With tendency to
the feurvy; in the feurvy.
A woman of forty, fcorbutically and hydropically affeCIed,
having a fordid ulcer, put herfelf into my hand. (Vifematu
Scorce. n.f ft his word is ufed by Spenfer for difeourfe, or
power of reafon.
Lively vigour refted in his mind,
And recompenfed him with a betterforce;
Weak body well is chang’d for mind’s redoubled force F
To SCORCH. v. a. [yeopeneb, Saxon, burnt ]
1. To burn fuperficially.
Fire fcorcheth in frofty weather. Bacon’s Nat. Hilary.
The ladies gafp’d, and fcarcely cou’d refpire; J‘
The breath they drew, no longer air, but fire/
The fainty knights werefcorch’d. Dnden
2. To hum. I
Power was given to forth men with fire. Rev. xvi. 8.
ft he fame that left thee by the cooling ftream,
' .1 e 110m fun s heat; butforth'd with beauty's beam. Fairf.
You
SCO SCO
You look with fuch contempt on pain,
T hat languifhing you conquer more :
So lightnings which in ftorms appear.
Scorch more than when the fkies are clear.
The fame beams that fhine, fcorch too.
I rave.
And, like a giddy bird in dead of night,
Fly round the fire thatJ'corches me to death.
He from whom the nations fhould receive
Juftice and freedom, lies himfelf a flave;
Tortur’d by cruel change of wild defires,
Lafh’d by mad rage, and fcorch'd by brutal fires. Prior.
To Scorch, v. n. To be burnt fuperficially; to be dried up.
To fee the chariot of the fun
So near thefcorching country run. Rofcommon.
The love was made in Autumn, and the hunting followed
properly, when the heats of thatfcorching country were de¬
clining. Dryden.
Scatter a little mungy ftraw or fern amongft your feedlings,
to prevent the roots fromfcorching, and to receive the moifture
that falls. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Scotching Fennel, n.f. A plant.
SCO'RDIUM. n.f. [Latin.] An herb. Aivfworth.
SCORE, n.f, [Jkora, Iflandick, a mark, cut, or notch.]
1. A notch of long incifion.
Our forefathers had no other books but the fcore and the
tally: thou haft caufed printing to be ufed. Shakef. Henry VI.
2. A line drawn.
3. An account, which, when writing was lefs common, was
kept by marks on tallies, or by lines of chalk.
He’s worth no more :
They fay he parted well, and paid hisfcore. Shakefp. Macb.
Does not the air feed the flame ? And does not the flame
warm and enlighten the air ? Does not the earth quit fcores
with all the elements, in the fruits that iffiie from it. South.
4. Account kept of fomething paft.
Univerfal deluges have fwept all away, except two or three
perfons who begun the world again upon a newfcore. Tillotfon.
5. Debt imputed.
That thou do’ft love her, ftrikes fome fcores away
From the great compt. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
He can win widows and payfcores.
Out-flatter favourites, or out-lie either
Jovius or Surius, or both together. Donne.
6. Reafon; motive.
The knight, upon the fore-nam’d fcore,
In queft of Sidrophel advancing.
Was now in profpect of the manfion. Hudibras.
He had been prentice to a brewer.
But left the trade, as many more
Have lately done on the fame fcore. Hudibras:
A lion, that had got a politick fit of ficknefs, wrote the fox
word how glad he fhould be of his company, upon thefcore of
ancient friendfhip. L'Eftrange.
If your terms are moderate, we’ll never break off upon that
fcore. Collier on Pride.
7. Sake ; account; reafon referred to fome one.
You adt your kindnefs on Cydaria’sfcore. Dryden.
Kings in Greece were depofed by their people upon the
fcore of their arbitrary proceedings. * Swift.
8. Twenty. I fuppofe, becaufe twenty, being a round number,
was diftinguifhed on tallies by a long fcore.
How manyfcore of miles may we well ride
’Twixt hour and hour ? Shakef. Cymbeline.
The fewer ftill you name, you wound the more;
Bond is but one; but Harpax is afcore. Pope.
For fomefcores of lines there is a perfect abfence of that
fpirit of poefy. Watts.
9. A fong in Score. The words with the mufical notes of a
fong annexed.
To Score, v. a.
1. To fet down as a debt.
Madam, I know when
Inftead of five youfcor'd me ten. Swift.
2. To impute; to charge.
Your follies and debauches change
With fuch a whirl, the poets of your age
Are tir’d, and cannotfcore ’em on the ftage ;
Unlefs each vice in fhort-hand they indite,
Ev’n as notcht prentices whole fermons write. Dryden.
3. To mark by a line.
Haft thou appointed where the moon fhould rife.
And with her purple light adorn the ikies ?
. Scor'd out the bounded fun’s obliquer ways,
T hat he on all might fpread his equal rays ? Sandys.
SCO'RIA. n.f. [Latin.] Drofs ; recrement.
The fcoria, or vitrified part, which moft metals, when
1 heated or melted, do continually protrude to the furface, and
which, by covering the metals in form of a thin glafly fkin,
caufes thefe colours, is much denfer than water. Newt. Opt.
Sco'Rious. adj. [fromfcoria, Lat.] Drofly; recrementitious.
By the fire they emit many drofly and Jcorious parts. Brown,
Waller.
South.
Dryden.
To SCORN. u. a. [fchernen, Dutch ; efcorner, French.] To
defpife; to flight; to revile; to vilify; to contemn.
My friendsfcorn me; but mine eye poureth out tears unto
God. Job xvi. 20.
1 o Scorn, v. n. To fcofF.
He (aid mine eyes were black, and my hair black;
And now, 1 am remember’d, /corn'd at me. ShakeJ'peare,
Our foul is filled with theJcorning of thofe that are at eafe,
and with the contempt of the proud. Pf. cxxiii. 4.
I ve feen the morning’s lovely, ray
Hover o’er the new-born day,
With rofy wings fo richly bright.
As if hefcorn'd to think of night. Crafiaw.
Fame, that delights around the world to ftray,
Scorns not to take our Argos in her way. Pope’s Statius.
Scorn, n.f. [efcorne, old Fr. from the verb.] Contempt; fcofF;
flight; a£l of contumely.
If he do fully prove himfelf the honeft fhepherd Menalcas
his brother and heir, I know no reafon why you fhould think
fcorn of him. Sidney.
Unto thee will I cry, O Lord : think nofcorn of me, left if
thou make as tho’ thou heareft not, I become like them that
go down into the pit. Pf. xxviii. 1.
We were better parch in Africk’s fun.
Than in the pride and faitfcorn of his eyes. Shakefpeare:
Why fhould you think that I fhould woo in fcorn ?
Scorn and derifion never come in tears. Shakefpeare.
If we draw her not unto us, fhe will laugh us tofcorn. Jud.
Diogenes was afleed infcorn, what was the matter that philofophers haunted rich men, and not rich men philofophers ?
He anfwered, becaufe the one knew what they wanted, the
others did not. Bacon.
Whofoever hath any thing in his perfon that induces con¬
tempt, hath alfo a perpetual fpur to refeue himfelf fromfcorn:
therefore all deformed perfons are bold, as being on their own
defence as expofed tofcorn. Bacon.
Every fullen frown and bitterfcorn.
But fann’d the fuel that too faft did burn. Dryden.
Is it not a moft horrid ingratitude, thus to make a fcorn of
him that made us ? Tiliotfon.
Numidia’s grown a fcorn among the nations
For breach of publick vows. Addiforfs Cato.
Sco'rner. n.f. [fromfcorn.]
1. Contemner; defpifer.
They are very active, vigilant in their enterprifes, prefent
in perils, and greatfcorners of death. Spenfer on Ireland.
2. Scoffer; ridiculer.
The fcorner fhould confider, upon the fight of a cripple, that
it was only the diftinguifhing mercy of heaven that kept him
from being one too. L’Ejlrange.
They, in the fcorner’s or the judge’s feat.
Dare to condemn the virtue which they hjite. Prior.
Sco'rnful. adj. [fcorn and full.J
1. Contemptuous; infolent.
Th’ enamour’d deity
Thefcornful damfel fhuns. Dryden.
2. Acting in defiance.
With him I o’er the hills had run,
Scornful of Winter’s froft and Summer’s fun: Prior:
Sco'rnfully. adv. [fromfcornful.] Contemptuoufly; infolently.
He us’d usfcornfully: he would have fhew’d us
His marks of merit, wounds receiv’d for’s country. Shakef.
The facred rights of the Cbriftian church ‘ are fcornfully
trampled on in print, under an hypocritical pretence of main¬
taining them. Atterburfs Sermons.
Sco'rpion. n.f. [fcorpion,Yronc\\‘, fcorpio, Latin.]
1. A reptile much refembling a fmall lobfter, but that his tail
ends in a point with a very venomous fling.
Well, fore-warning wdnds
Did feem to fay, feek not a Jiorpion s neft.
Full of feerpions is my mind, dear wife
If he fhal! afk an egg, will he offer him a fcorpion ? Lu. xi.
2. One of the figns of the zodiack.
The fqueezing crab and flingingfcorpion fhine. Dryden.
3. A fcourge fo called from its cruelty.
My father hath chaftifed you with whips, but I will chaftife
you withfcorpions. 1 Kings xii. 11.
4. [Scorpius, Latin.] A fea fifh. Ainfworth.
Scorpion Sena. n.f. [ernerus, Latin.] A plant.
The charadters are : it hath leaves like thofe of the colutea:
the flowers are papilionaceous ; the pods are (lender, and con¬
tain two or three cylindrical-fhaped feeds in each. Miller.
Scorpion Grafs. ) ..
Scorpion’* Tail. >n.f. Herbs. Amfivotth.
Scorpion Wort. )
Scot. n.f. [ecot, French.]
1. Shot; payment.
2. Scot and Lot. Parifh payments. ,c.ua
’Twas time to counterfeit, or that hot termagan. Scot had
paid mefcot and lot too. Sbaktjp. Henry IV.
Protogenes, hiftorians note, .
Liv’d there a burgefs, feet and lot. Prior.
I he
Shakefp. //.VI.
Shak. Macbeth.
SCO SCO
The chief point that has puzfcled the freeholders, as well as
thofe that payJ\ot and lot, for about thefe lix months, is, whe¬
ther they would rather be governed by a prince that is obliged
by law to be good, or by one who, it he pleafes, may plunder
or i mprifon. Addifln.
To SCOTCH, v. a. To cut with (hallow incifions.
He was too hard for him dire&ly : before Corioli, he fcotcht
and notcht him like a carbonado. Shakejp. CoriJanus.
'Scotch, n.f. [from the verb.] A flight cut; a (hallow incifion.
We 11 beat em into bench-holes .* I have yet room for fix
fcotches more. _ * Shakejp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Give him fourfcotches with a knife, and then put into his
belly and thefe fcotches fweet herbs. IVaiton's Angler.
Scotch CoLcps, or ScotchedCohops. n.f. [from To fcotch^ or cut ]
Veal cut into fmall pieces.
Scotch hoppers, n.J. A play in which boys hop over lines or
fcotches in the ground.
Children being indifferent to any thing they can do, dancing
and fcotch hoppers would be the fame thing to them. Locke.
Sco'tomy. n.f. [ay.oTUjj.oc.] A dizzinefs or fwimming in the
head, caufing dimnefs of fight, wherein external objects feem
to turn round. Ainf and Bailey.
Sco'ttering. A provincial word which denotes, in Herefordfflire, a cuftora amoaig the boys of burning a wad of
peafe-ftraw at the end of harved. Bailey.
Sco vel. n.f [ fcopa, Latin.J A fort of mop of clouts for
fweeping an oven ; a maulkin. Ainf. and Bailey.
Sco'undrel. n.f [flondaruolo, Italian, a hider. Skinner.'] A
mean rafeal; a low petty villain.
Now to be baffl’d by a fcoundrel,
An upftart fe&’ry, and a mungrel. Hudibras.
Scoundrels as thefe wretched Ombites be,
Canopus they exceed in luxury. Tate.
Go, if your ancient but ignoble blood
Has crept throughfcoundrels ever fince the flood,
Go, and pretend your family is young;
Nor own your fathers have been fools fo long. Pope.
To SCOUR, v. a. [Jkurer, Danifh ; fcheueren, Dutch.]
a. To rub hard with any thing rough, in order to clean the
furface.
I were better to be eaten to death with a ruff, than to be
flour'd to nothing with perpetual motion.
Shakefp. Hen. IV.
By dint of fword his crown he (hall increafe,
And four his armour from the ruft of peace. Dryden's Ain.
Partfcour the rufty (hields with feam, and part
New grind the blunted ax, and point the dart. Dryden.
Some blamed Mrs. Bull for grudging a quarter of a pound
of foap and fand tofcour the rooms. Arbuthnot.
Poor Vadius, long with learned fpleen devour’d,
Can tade no pleafure fince his (hield wasflour'd. Pope.
2.To purge violently.
•3. To cleanfe; to bleach ; to whiten; to blanche.
In fome lakes the water is fo nitrous, as, if foul clothes be
put into it, itfoureth them of itfelf; and, if they day,' they
moulder away. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
A garden-worm (hould be wellfcured eight days in mofs,
before you fi(h with him. IVaiton's Angler.
Beneath the lamp her tawdry ribbons glare.
The newfcour'd manteau, and the flattern air. Gay.
4. To remove by fcouring.
Neyer came reformation in a flood
With fuch a heady current, fcouring faults;
Nor ever hydra-headed wilfulnefs
So foon did lofe his feat, and all at once.
As in this king. Shakefp. Henry V.
I will wear a garment all of blood,
And (lain my favour in a bloody ma(k,
IVhich, waffl’d away, fflalljojar my fhame with it. Shah.
Then, in the clemency of upward air,
We’llfcour our fpots, and the dire thunder’s fear. Dryden.
5* Io range in order to catch or drive away fomething; to dear
away.
The kings of Lacedemon having fet out fome gallies, un¬
der the charge of one of their nephews, to fcour the fea of the
pyrates, they met us. S;,
Divers are kept continually to four thefe feas, infefted
greatly by pirates. w
If with thy guards thou four'fi the ftreets by nifflt,
And do’d in murders, rapes, and fpoils delight, C 5
Pleafe not thyfelf the flatt’ring crowd to hear,
’Tis fulfome (luff. Dryden's Pcrf
6. To pafs fwiftly over.
Sometimes
Hefours the right hand coaff, fometimes the left. Milton.
Not half the number in their feats are found.
But men and deeds iie grov’ling on the ground ;
The points of fpears are (luck within the (hield,
The deeds without their ridersfcour the field,
1 he knights unhors’d. Dryden.
When Ajax drives fome rock’s vafl weight to throw
7'be line too labours, and the words move flow;
Not fo when fwiftCamillafours the plain,
Flies o’er th’ unbending corn, and (kirns along the main.
Popes Effay on Criticfm.
To Scour, v. ti.
1. To perform the office of cleaning domedick utenfils.
I keep his houfe, and was to wring, brew, bake,Jcour, drefs
meat, and make the beds. Shakefeare.
2. To clean.
Warm water is foftcr than cold ; for itfcoureth better. Bac.
3. 7 o be purged or lax.
Some apothecaries, upon damping coloquintida, have been
put into a greatflouring by the vapour only. Bacon.
Convuliion and fcouring, they fay, do often caufe one
another. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
If you turn ffleep into wheat or rye to feed, let it not be too
rank, led it make them fcour. Mortimer's Husbandry.
4. 1 o rove; to range.
Barbaroffa, thus fcouring along the coad of Italy, druck an
exceeding terror into the minds of the citizens of Rome. Knoll.
5- To run here and there.
I he enemy’s drum is heard, and fearfulfcouring
Doth choak the air with dud. Shak. Tier.on.
6. To run with great eagernefs and fwiftnefs; to fcamper.
She from him fled with all her pow’r,
Wbo after her as hadily ’gan tofour. Fairy jjhicen.
I faw men four fo on their way: I ey’d them
Even to their fflips. _ _ Shake/. Winters Tale.
Word was brought him, in the middle of his fchemes, that
his houfe was robbed; and fo away he fours to learn the
tru^‘ L'Efrange.
If they be men of fraud, they’ll four off themfelves, and
leave thofe that trud them to pay the reckoning. L'Efh ange.
So four fierce couriers, darting to the race,
Scour through the plain, and lengthen ev’ry pace ;
Nor reins, nor curbs, nor threat’ning cries they fear,
But force along the trembling charioteer. ' Dryden.
As foon as any foreign objeft preffes upon the fenfe, thofe
fpirits, which are poded upon the out-guards, immediately
take the alarm, and fcour off to the brain, which is the head
duarters. Collier.
Swift at her call her hufband fcour'd away,
To wreak his hunger on the dedin’d prey. Pope.
Sco'urer. n.f [fromfour.]
1. One that cleans by rubbing.
2. A purge.
3. One who runs fwiftly.
SCOURGE, n.f [efiourgee, French; floreggia, Italian ; corrigta, Latin.]
1. A whip; alaffl; an indrument of difeipline.
When he had made a fcourge of fmall cords, he drove them
all out of the temple. Ac. ii. k.
• The fcourge
Inexorable, and the torturing hour,
Calls us to penance. Milton.
2. A punifflment; a vindictive affliction.
Whatfcourge for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford falfe Clarence ? Shakefpeare.
See what a fcourge is laid upon your hate,
That heav’n dnds means to kill your joys with love. Shak.
Famine and plague are fent asfourges for amendment. 2 Efd.
One that afflidts, harrades, or dedroys-. 1 hus Attila was
called flagellum Dei.
Is this the fcourge of France ?
Is this the Talbot fo much fear’d abroad,
7 hat with his name the mothers dill their babes ? Sh. //.VI.
Such conquerors are not the favourites, butfcourges of God,
the indruments of that vengeance. Atterbury's Sermons.
In all thefe trials I have born a part;
I was myfe'lf the fcourge that caus'd the fmart. Pope.
Immortal Jove,
Let kings no more with gentle mercy fway,
Or blefs a people willing to obey,
But crufli the nations with an iron rod,
And every monarch be the fcourge of God. Pope.
3. A whip for a top. 1
If they had a top, thq fcourge dick and leather drap fflould
be left to their own making. Locke
To Scourge, v. a. [from the noun.]
J • To laffl with a whip; to whip.
The gods are jud, and of our pleafant Vices
Make indruments to fcourge us. Shakefp. King Lear.
Others had trial of cruel mockings and flourgings Hebr
Is it lawful for you tofcourge a Roman, and uncondemned?
He/surg'd with many a droke the indignant waves. *5'
Wbpn s rr c ... . Milton's Paradifl Lofl.
th * Phrfcffor of any rel'g'°n is lit up to be laughed ft,
Z“ us t0 of the truth of his fa.th, any
better than it he were flourged. IVatts
*3 H a. To
*
SCR
2.Topunifh; to thaftife; to chaften; to caftigate with any
punifhment or affliction. . ,
Seeing that thou haft been fcourged from heaven, declare the
mighty power of God. 2M,c m.JA.
He doth feourge, and hath mercy. _ u i'l' '
He willfaurge us for our iniquities, and will mercy
ScoCcer. n.f. [from feourge.] One that fcourges; a puniftier or chaftifer. , . e .
To Scoukse. v.a. To exchange one thing for another; to
fwap. rftnfu). It feems a corruption of fcorja. Ital. exchange,
and hence a horfe Jcourfer.
Scout n F [efcout,Fr. from efcouter; aufcultare,Lat. toliften ;
fColta, Italian.] One who is fent privily to obferve the mo¬
tions of the enemy. ,
Ars not the fpeedyfcouts return d again.
That dogg’d the mighty army of the dauphin. Sbakejp.
As when a fcout,
Through dark and defert ways with peril gone
All night, at laft, by break of cheerful dawn.
Obtains the brow of fome high-climbing hill. . Milton.
This erreat veffel may have lefler cabins, wherein fcouts. may
be lodged for the taking of obfervations. Wilkins.
The fcouts to fev’ral parts divide their way,
To learn the natives names, their towns, explore
The coafts. Dryden’s Mn.
To Scout, v. n. [from the noun.] To go out in order to
obferve the motions of an enemy privately.
Oft on the bordering deep
Encamp their legions; or with obfeure wing
Scout far and wide into the realm of night.
Scorning furprize. , Milton.
As"a hunted panther cafts about
Her glaring eyes, and pricks her lift’ning ears to fcout.
So (he, to fhun his toils, her cares employ’d. Dryden.
Command a party out.
With a ftriCt charge not to engage, butfcout. Dryden.
To ScowLk v. n. [ycyhan, to fquint, Saxon; fkeela fig, to look
four, Iflandick.] To frown ; to pout; to look angry, four,
or fullen.
Mifo, having now her authority increafed, came with
fowling eyes to'deliver a Havering good-morrow to the two
ladies. ^
With bent louring brows, as lhe would threat,
She fowl’d and frowned with froward countenance. F. gK
Even fo, or with much more contempt, mens eyes
Did fcowl on Richard. Shakefpeare s Richard II.
Not a courtier,
Although they wear their faces to the bent
Of theVing’s look, but hath a heart that is
Glad at the thing theyfcowl at. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
The dufky clouds o’erfpread
Heav’n’s cheerful face, the low’ring element ?
Scowls o’er the darken’d landfchape fnow or fhow’r. Milton.
Fly, fly, prophane fogs ! far hence fly away,
With your dull influence ; it is for you
To fit and fcovA upon night’s heavy brow. Crafhaw.
In rueful gaze
The cattle.ftand, and on the fowling heavens
Caft a deploring eye. Thonfon’s Summer.
Scowl, n.f [from the verb.] Look of fullennefs or difcontent; gloom.
I’ve feen the morning’s lovely ray
Hover o’er the new-born day,
With rofy wings fo richly bright.
As if he fcorn’d to think of night;
When a ruddy ftorm, whofe fcowl
Made heaven’s radiant face look foul.
Call’d for an untimely night.
To blot the newly-blofl'om’d light. . Crafhaw.
Scowlingly. ado. [fromfcowl.] With a frowning and ful¬
len look. ,
To Scra'bble. v.n. \_krabbelen, fcrajfelen, to ferape or fcratch,
Dutch.] To paw with the hands.
He feigned himfelf mad in their hands, and fcrabbled on the
doors of the gate. 1 ^a\ xx*- J3*
SCRAG, n.f [feraghe, Dutch.] Any thing thin or lean.
Scra'gged. adj. [This feems corrupted from cragged.] Rough;
uneven ; full of protuberances or afperities.
Is there then any phyfical deformity in the fabrick of a
human body, becaufe our imagination can ftrip it of its mufcles and (kin, and fliew us the feragged and knotty back¬
bone ? Bentley s Sermons.
Scra'cgedness. 7 f [from feragged.]
Scr a'gginess. \n’J’ [from feraggy-]
1. Leannefs; marcour.
2. Unevennefs; roughnefs; ruggednefs.
ScRa'ggy. n. f. [from fcrag.~\
1. Lean; marcid ; thin
Such a conftitution is eafdy known by the body being lean,
warm, hairy,flaggy, and dry, without a difeafe. Arbuthnot.
2. [Corrupted from craggy.] Rough; rugged; uneven.
S C R
From a fcragzy rock, whofe prominence
Half overfhades the ocean, hardy men,
Fearlefs of rending winds and dafhing waves,
Cut fampire. Phillips.
To Scra'mble. v.n. [The fame with fcrabble-, Jeraffelen,
Dutch.]
1, To catch at any thing eagerly and tumultuoufly with the
hands ; to catch with hafte preventive of another ; to contend
tumultuoufly which fhall catch any thing.
England now is left
To tug and feramble, and to part by th’ teeth
The unow’d intereft of proud fwelling ftate. Shakefpeare.
Of other care they little reck’ning make,
Than how tofcramble at the fhearer’s feaft,
And (hove away the worthy bidden gueft. Milton.
It is net to be fuppofed, that, when fuch a tree was fhaking,
there would be no ferambling for the fruit. Stillingfleet.
They muft have fcrumlled with the wild beafts for crabs
and nuts. ifoy on the Creation.
2. To climb by the help of the hands: as, he ferambled up that
rock.
Scra'mble. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Eager conteft for fomething, in which one endeavours to get
it before another.
As they were in the middle of their gambols, fome body
threw a handful of apples among them, that fet them prefently together by the ears upon the fcramble. L’Eflrange.
Becaufe the defire of money is conftantly almoft every
where the fame, its vent varies very little, but as its greater
fcarcity enhances its price and increafes the fcramble. Locke.
2. ACI of climbing by the help of the hands.
Scrambler, n.f. [fromfcramble.]
1. One that fcrambles. , #
All the littlefcramblers after fame fall upon him. Addtfon.
2. One that climbs by help of the hands.
ToScranch. v.a. [fchrantzer, Dutch.] To grind fomewhat crackling between the teeth. The Scots retain it.
Scra'nnel. adj. [Of this word I know not the etymology, nor
any other example.] Vile; worthlefs. Perhaps grating by
the found.
When they lift, their lean and flafhy fongs
Grate on theirfcrannel pipes of wretched ftraw. Milton.
Scrap, n.f. [fromferape, a thing feraped or rubbed off.]
1. A fmall particle; a little piece ; a fragment.
It is an unaccountable vanity to fpend all our time raking
into the feraps and imperfeCt remains of former ages, and ne¬
glecting the clearer notices of our own. . _ Gianv.
Trencher efquires fpend their time in hopping from one
great man’s table to another’s, only to pick up feraps and in¬
telligence. . LEftrange.
Languages are to be learned only by reading and talking,
and not by feraps of authors got by heart. . Locke.
No rag, noferap, of all the beau, or wit,
That once fo flutter’d, and that once fo writ. Pope.
I can never have too many of your letters: I am angry at
every ferap of paper loft. P°Pe‘
2. Crumb ; fmall particles of meat left at the table.
The contradt you pretend with that bafe wretch,
One bred of alms, and fofter’d with cold difhes.
Withferaps o’th’ court, is no contraCt. Shak. Cymbehne.
The attendants puff a court up beyond her bounds, tor
their own feraps and advantage. Bacon.
On bones, on feraps of dogs let me be fed,
My limbs uncover’d, and expos’d my head
To bleakeft colds. Granv*
What has he elfe to bait his traps,
Or bring his vermin in, butferaps?
The offals of a church diftreft,
A hungry vicarage. . Swift.
3. A fmall piece of paper. This is properlyfenp.
Pregnant with thoufands flits the ferap unfeen,
And filent fells a king, or buys a queen.
To SCRAPE, v. a. [ yepeopan, Saxon; fchrapen, Dutch;
faferbpitigh, Erfe; cravn, Wcllh.] . .
1. To deprive of the furface by the light aCtion of a (harp mftrument, ufed with the edge almoft perpendicular.
Thefe hard woods are more properlyferaped than planed. Mox.
2. To take away by feraping; to eraze. n ,
They fhall deftroy the walls, and I willferape her duft, and
make her like the top of a rock. ^Ift^nuite
Bread for a toaft lay on the coals; and, 1 sLift
through, ferape off the burnt fide, and ferve it up.
3. To aCt upon any furface with a harfh 1101 e.
The chiming clocks to dinner cal ,
A hundred footftepsferape the marble ^ _ diligence
4. To gather by great
Let the government beturned.byh ^ as (t) malcchis peace.
avarice, he can Jaap D South’s Sermons.
Unhappy thole who hunt for a party, and/mr/* together
out of e?e?y author all thofe things only whiel. favour
own tenets. To
t
SCR SCR
5. To Scrape Acquaintance. A low phrafe. To curry favour, or
infinuate into one’s familiarity.
To Scrape, v n.
1. To make a harfll noife.
2. To play ill on a fiddle.
3. To make an aukward bow. Ainfwortb.
Scrape, n.f. [frap, Swedifh ] Difficulty; perplexity;
diftrefs. This is a low word.
Scra'per. n.f [fromJ'crape.] .
1. Inftrument with which any thing is fcraped.
' Never clean your (hoes on the fcraper, but in the entry,
and thefcraper will laft the longer. Swift.
2. A mifer; a man intent on getting money ; a fcrapepcnny.
Be thrifty, but not covetous; therefore give
Thy need, thine honour, and thy friend his due :
Never wasfcraper brave man. Get to live,
Then live, and ufe it; elfe it is not true
That thou haft gotten : furely ufe alone
Makes money not a contemptible (tone. Herbert.
3. A vile fiddler.
Out! ye fempiternal fcrapers-. Cowley.
Have wild boars or dolphins the lead emotion at the molt
elaborate drains of your modern fcrajers, all which have been
tamed and humanized by ancient muficians ? Arbuthnot.
Scrat. n.f. [j-cpirca, Saxon. J An hermaphrodite. Skinner
and Junius.
To SCRATCH, v.a. [kratzen, Dutch.]
1. To tear or mark with (light incifions ragged and uneven*
The lab’ring fwain
Scratch’d with a rake a furrow for his grain.
And cover’d with his hand the (hallow feed again. Dryden*
A fort of fmall fand-coloured (tones, fo hard as to fcratch
glafs. Grew’s Mufaum,
2. To tear with the nails. »
How can I tell but that his talons may
Yetfcratch my foil, or rend his tender hand. Fa. Queen.
I fhould have fcratch'd out your unfeeing eyes,
To make my matter out of love with thee. Shakefpeare.
1 had rather hear my dog bark at a crow, than a man fwear
he loves me.
-Keep your ladyfhip (till in that mind ! fo fome gen¬
tleman or other (hall ’(cape a predeftinate fcratcht face.
-Scratching could not make it worfe, an ’twere fuch a face
as yours were. Shak. Much Ado about Nothing.
Scots are like witches : do but whet your pen,
Scratch ’till the blood come, they’ll not hurt you then. Cleav.
To wifh that there were nothing but fuch dull tame things
in the world, that will neither bite norfcratch, is as childlefs as
to wifll there were no fire in nature. More.
Unhand me, or I’llfcratch your face ;
Let go, for (hame. Dryden.
3. To wound (lightly.
4. To hurt (lightly with any thing pointed or keen.
Daphne, roaming through a thorny wood,
Scratching her legs, that one (hall fwear (he bleeds. Shakef.
5. To rub with the nails.
Francis Cornfield did fcratch his elbow, when he had fweet-
]y invented to fignify his name St. Francis, with a friary cowl
in a corn field. Camden.
Other mechanical helps Aretseus ufes to procure deep, par¬
ticularly the fcratching of the temples and the ears. Arbuthnot.
Be mindful, when invention fails,
Tofcratch your head, and bite your nails. Swift.
6. To write or draw aukwardly.
If any of their labourers can fcratch out a pamphlet, they
defire no wit, ftyle, or argument. Sivift.
Scratch, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. An incifion ragged and fballow.
The coarfe file cuts deep, and makes deep fcratches in the
work; and before you can take out thofe deep fcratches with
your finer cut files, thofe places where the rifings were when
your work was forged, may become dents to your hammer
dents. Moxori s Mech. Exer.
The fmaller the particles of thofe fubftances are, the fmaller
will be the fratchet, by which they continually fret and wear
away the glafs until it be polifhed; but be they never fo fmall,
they can wear away the glafs no otherwife than by grating
and fcratching it, and breaking the protuberances : and there¬
fore polfth.it no otherwife than by bringing its roughnefs to a
very fine grain, fo that the fcratches and frettings of the furface
become too fmall to become vifible, Newton’s Opt.
2. Laceration with the nails.
Thefe nails with fcratches (hall deform my bread,
Left by my look or colour be exprefs’d
The mark of aught high-born, or ever better drefs’d. Prior.
3. A (light wound.
The valiant bead turning on her with open jaws, (he gave
him fuch a thruft through his breaft, that all the lion could
do was with his open paw to tear oft the mantle and fieeve of
Zelmane, with a little fcratch rather than a wound. Sidney.
Heav’n forbid a (hallowfcratch (hould drive
The prince of Wales from fuch a field as this. Shak. H. IV.
ScraTcher. n. f. [from fcratch.] He that fcratches.
Scra'tches. n.f Cracked ulcers or fcabs in a horfe’s foot. Ainf.
Scra'tchingly. adv. [fromfcratching.] With the adion of
fcratching.
Making him turn clofe to the ground, like a cat, when
fcratchingly (he wheels about after a moui'e. Sidney.
SCRAW. n.J'. [Irifli and Erfe.] Surface or fcurf.
Neither (hould that odious cullom be allowed of cutting
fcraws, which is flaying oft7 the green (urface of the ground
to cover their cabins, or make up their ditches. Swift.
To Scrawl, v. a. [I fuppofe to be corrupted from fcrabble.]
1. To draw or mark irregularly or clumfily.
2. To write unfkilfully and inelegantly.
Perufe my leaves through ev’ry part;
And think thou fee’ft its ownei’s heart,
Scrawl’d o’er with trifles thus, and quite
As hard, as fenfelefs, and as light. Swift.
Think not your verfes fterling,
Though with a golden pen you Jcrawl,
And (cribble in a Berlin. Swift.
3- [From crawl.] To creep like a reptile. AinJ.
Scrawl, n.f [from the verb.] Unftcilful and inelegant
writing.
The left hand will make fuch afcrawl, that it will not be
legible. Arbuthn. Hijl. ofJohn Bull.
Mr. Wyeherly, hearing from me how welcome his letters
would be, writ to you, in which I inferted myfcrawl. Pope.
ScraVler. n.f. [from fcrawl.] A clumfy and inelegant
writer.
Scray. n.f A bird called a fea-fwallow. Ainf and Bailey.
Scre'able. adj. [fcreabilis^’LNm.] That which may be fpit
out. Bailey.
To Screak, v. n. [ Properly creak, orfriek, fromfrige, Dan.]
To make a (hrill or hoarfe noife. Bailey.
To Scream, v. n. [jipeman. Saxon.]
1. To cry out (hrilly, as in terrour or agony*
Soon a whirlwind rofe around,
And from afar he heard a fcrearning found,
As of a dame diftrefs’d, who cry’d for aid.
And fill’d with loud laments the fecret (hade. Dryden,
The fearful matrons raife afcreaming cry, 1
Old feeble men with fainter groans reply ; >
A jarring found refults; and mingles in the (ky. Dryden. j
If chance a moufe creeps in her fight.
Can finely counterfeit a fright;
So fweetly fcreams, if it comes near her,
She ravifhes all’ hearts to hear her. Swifti
2. To cry (hrilly.
I heard the owlfcream, arid the crickets cry. Shahefp.
Scream, n.f [from the verb.] A (hrill quick loud cry of
terrour or pain.
Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they fay,
Lamentings heard i’ th’ air, ftrange fcreams of death. Shak.
Then flafh’d the livid lightning from her eyes.
And fcreams of horror rend th’ affrighted (kies. Pope.
To SCREECH, v. n. [frakia, to cry, Iflandick.]
1. To cry out as in terrour or anguifli.
Screeching is an appetite of expelling that which fuddenly
ftrikes the fpirits. Bacon,.
2. To cry as a night owl: thence called a fcreechowl.
Screech, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Cry of horrour and anguifti.
2. Har(h horrid cry.
The birds obfcene, that nightly flock’d to tafte,
With hollowfcreechs fled from the dire repaft;
And ravenous dogs, allur’d by fcented blood.
And ftarving wolves, ran howling to the wood. Pope.
Scree'chowl. n.f. [fcreech and owl.] An owl that hoots in
the night, and whofe voice is fuppofed to betoken danger,
mifery, or death.
Deep night,
The time of night when Troy was fet on fire.
The time when fcreechowls cry, and bandogs howl. Shakefp.
Let him, that will a fcreechowl ay be call’d,
Go into Troy, and fay there, Hector’s dead. Shakefpeare.
By the J'creechowl’s difmal note,
By the black night raven’s throat,
I charge thee, Hob. Drayton.
Jupiter, though he had hung the balance, and given it a
jog to weigh downTurnus, fent the Icreechowl to difcoura^e
him. ; , Dryden.
O, thatfcreechowl at the window ! we (hall be purfued im¬
mediately. Dryden’s Don SebajUan.
Sooner (hall fcreechowls balk in funny day,
Than I forget my (hepherd’s wonted love. Gay.
Screen, n.f. [efcran, French.]
1. Any thing that affords flielter or concealment.
Now near enough : your leavyJcrcens throw down,
And (how like thole you are. Shakef. Macbeth,
Some ambitious men fcem as fcreens to princes in matters
of danger and envy. gaan.
Our
\
SCR SCR
j.
2
Our people, who transport themfelves, are fettled in thofe
interjacent tra£ls, as a Jcreen again!! the infults of the la¬
vages. Swift.
My juniors by a year,
Who wifely thought my age a fereen,
When death approach’d, to Hand between.
The Jcreen remov’d, their hearts are trembling. Swift.
'2. Anything ufed to exclude cold or light.
When there is a fereen between the candle and the eye, yet
the light pafieth to the paper whereon one writeth. Bacon.
One fpeaks the glory of the Britifh queen,
And one deferibes a charming Indian fereen. Pope.
Ladies make their old cloaths into patchwork forfereens and
ftools. Swift.
3. A riddle to fift fand.
To Screen, v. a. [from the noun.]
To Ihelter; to conceal; to hide.
Back’d with a ridge of hills,
Thatfereen d the fruits of th’ earth and feats of men,
From cold Septentrion blafts. Milt. Par. RegainV.
A good magiftrate’s retinue of Hate fereens him from the
dangers, which he is to incur for the fake of it. Atterbury.
This gentle deed fhall fairly be fet foremoft,
Tofereen the wild efcapes of lawlefs paffion. Rowe.
[Ccrno crevi, Latin.] Tofrft; to riddle.
Let the cafes be filled with natural earth, taken the firfl
half fpit, from juft under the turf of the beft pafture ground,
mixed with one part of very mellow foil fcrecned.. Evelyn.
Screw. n.f [feroeve, Dutch ; eferou, French.] One of the
mechanical powers, which is defined a right cylinder cut into
a furrowed fpiral: of this there are two kinds, the male anxl
female; the former being cut convex, fo that its threads rife
outwards; but the latter channelled on its concave fide, fo as
to receive the former. Quincy.
The ferew is a kind of wedge, that is multiplied or con¬
tinued by a helical revolution about a cylinder, receiving its
motion not from any ftroak, but from a ve&is at one end of
it. Wilkins's Math. Magick.
After your apples are ground, commit them to the ferew
prefs, which is the beft. Mortimer s Husbandry.
To Screw, v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To turn by a ferew.
If we fhould fail.—
-—r-We fail!
Butferew your courage to the flicking place.
And we’ll not fail. Shahefp. Macbeth.
Some, when the prefs by utmoft vigourferew'dy
Has drain’d the pulpous mafs, regale their fwine
With the dry refufe. Phillips.
7. To fallen with a ferew.
To ferew your lock on the door, make wide holes, big
enough to receive the fhank of the ferew. Moxon.
3. To deform by contorfions.
Sometimes a violent laughterferew'd his face,
And fometimes ready tears dropp’d down apace. Cowley.
Withferewed face, and doleful whine, they ply you with
fenfelefs harangues againft human inventions on the one hand,
and loud outcries for a further reformation on the other. South.
He ferew'd his face into a harden’d fmile,
And faid Sebaftian knew to govern flaves. Dryden.
Let othersferew their hypocritick face,
She fhews her grief in a fincerer place. Swift.
4. To force; to bring by violence.
He refolved to govern by fubaltern minifters, who ferewed
up the pins of power too high. Howel's Vocal Fore/l.
No difeourfe can be adminiftered, but they will try to turn
the tide, and draw it all into their own channel; or they will
ferew in here and there fome intimations of what they faid or
did. Government ofthe Tongue.
The rents of land in Ireland, fince they have been fo
enormoufly raifed and ferewed up, may be computed to be
about two millions. Swift.
5. To fqueeze ; to prefs.
b. To opprefs by extortion.
Our country landlords, by unmeafurable [crewing and rack¬
ing their tenants, have already reduced the miferable people
to a worfe condition than the peafants in France. Swift.
Screw Tree, n f. [fora, Latin.] A plant of the Eaft and
Weft Indies.
FoSCRI'BBLE. v. a. [feribo, fcribillo, Latin.]
*• To fill with artlefs or worthlefs writing.
Flow gird the fphere
W ith centrick and eccentrick, feribbl'd o’er
Cycle and epicycle, orb in orb. Milton s Paradife Lfl.
2. To write without ufe or elegance.
J c Scr 1 p,ble. v. n. To write without care or beauty.
It a man fhould affirm, that an ape cafually meeting with
pen, ink and paper, and falling tofribble, did happen to write
exadlly the Leviathan of Hobbes, would an atheift believe fuch
a ftory? And yet he can eafily digeft things as incredible as
fhat. Bently.
If Maeviusfcribble in Apollo’s fpite,
There are, who judge ftili worfe than he can write. Pope.
Leave flattery to fulfome dedicators,
Whom, when they praife, the world believes no rpore
Than when they promife to give fcribbling o’er. Pope.
Scri'bble. n.f [from the verb.] Worthlefs writing.
By folemnly endeavouring to countenance my conjectures,
I might be thought dogmatical in a haflyfcribble. Boyle.
If it ftruck the prefent tafte, it was foon transferred into the
plays and currentfcribbles of the week, and became an addi¬
tion to our language. Swift.
Scri'bbler. n.J. [from fcribble.] A petty author ; a writer
without worth.
The moll copious writers are the arranteftfcribblers, and in
fo much talking the tongue runs before the wit. L'E/hange.
I he aClors reprefent fuch things as they are capable, by
which they and the feribbler may get their Jiving. Dryden.
Thefribbler, pinch’d with hunger, writes to dine.
And to your genius muft conform his line. Granv.
To affirm he had caufe to apprehend the fame treatment
with his father, is an improbable fcandal flung upon the nation
by a few bigotted French feribblers. Swift.
No body was concerned or furprifed, if this or thatferibbler
was proved a dunce. Letter to Pope's Dunciad.
Scribe, n.f. [feribe, French; feriba, Latin.]
1. A writer.
Hearts, tongues, figures, feribes, bards, poets, cannot
Think, fpeak, call, write, ling, number, ho !
His love to Antony. Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
My mailer, being the feribe to himfelf, fhould write the
letter. Shakefpeare.
A certain feribe came and faid, mafter, I will follow thee.
Mat. viii. 19.
We are not to wonder, if he thinks not fit to make any
perfeCl and unerringferibes. Grew's Coftnol.
The following letter comes from fome notable young female
feribe. Spectator.
2. A publick notary. Ainfworth.
Scri'mer. n.f. f eferimeur. French.] A gladiator; a fencing
mafter. Not in ufe.
Theferimers of their nation,
He fwore, had neither motion, guard, nor eye,
If you oppos’d them. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Scrine. n.f. [ferinium, Latin ] A place in which writings or
curiofities are repofited.
Help then, O holy virgin,
Thy weaker novice to perform thy will;
Lay forth, out of thine everlaftingjrWw,
The antique rolls which there lie hidden ftili. Fa. Bfeeen.
Scrip, n.f [fkrappa, Iflandick.j
1. A final! bag; a fatchel.
Come, fhepherd, let us make an honourable retreat; though
not with bag and baggage, yet withferip and ferippage. Shak.
He’d in requittal ope his leathernferip,
And fhew me fimples of a thoufand names.
Telling their ftrange and vigorous faculties. Milton.
2. [From feriptio, Latin, as it feems.] A fchedule; a fmall
writing.
Call them generally man by man, according to theferip.
Shakefpeare s Midfummer Alight's Drea?n.
Bills of exchange cannot pay our debts abroad, ’tillferips of
paper can be made current coin. Locke.
Scri'ppage. n.f. [fromJcrip.] That which is contained in a
ferip. Diet.
Scri'ptory. adj. [fcriptoriuSy Latin.] Written ; not orally
delivered. Swift.
ScrFptural. adj. [fromferipture.] Contained in the Bible;
biblical.
By creatures, the fcriptural ufe of that word determines it
fometimes to men. Atterbury.
SCRI'PTURE. n.f. [feriptura, Latin.]
1. Writing.
It is not only remembered in many feriptures, but famous
for the dearh and overthrow of Crafius. Raleigh.
2. Sacred writing; the Bible.
With us there is never any time bellowed in divine fervice,
without the reading of a great part of the holy feripture,
which we account a thing mod neceflary. Hooker.
The devil can cite feripture for his purpofe:
An evil foul producing holy witnefs.
Is like a villain with a finding cheek. Shakefpeare.
There is not any adlion which a man ought to do, or to
forbear, but theferipture will give him a clear precept, or pro¬
hibition for it. _ . S°uih.
Forbear any difeourfe of other fpirits, ’till his reauing the
feripture hiftory put him upon that enquiry.
Scripture proof was never the talent of thefe men, and tis
no wonder they are foiled. . Atterbury.
Why *re feripture maxims put upon us, without taking no¬
tice of feripture examples, that lie crofs ’em ? Atterbury..
The author of nature and the Jcriptures has exprdlv en¬
joined that he who will not work, ftiall not eat. Seed's Scrm.
J 1 ScRl'VENER.
SCR
ScRl'vENER. n.f. [fcrhano, Latin.]
1. One who draws contracts.
We’ll pafs the hufinefs privately and well:
Send for your daughter by your fervant here,
My boy fhall fetch the fcriverttr. Shakef. Tam. ofthe Shrew.
2. One whofe bufinefs is to place money at intereft.
How happy in his low degree,
Who leads a quiet country life.
And from the gripingferivener free? Dryden's Horace.
I am reduced to beg and borrow from feriveners and ufurers,
that fuck the heart and blood. Arlmthn. Hifl. of'John Bull.
SCROFULA, n.f [fromferofa, Latin, a fow, as
A depravation of the humours of the body, which breaks out
in fores commonly called the king’s evil.
If matter in the milk difpofe to coagulation, it produces a
fcrofula. TVifeman of Tumours.
ScroPPlous. adj. [fromfcrofula.] Difeafed with the fcrofula.
Scrofulous perfons can never be duly nourilhcd ; for fuch as
have tumours in the parotides often have them in the pancreas
and mefentery. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Englifh confumptions generally proceed from a fcrofulous
difpofition. Arbuthnot.
What would become of the race of men in the next age, if
we had nothing to truft to, befide the fcrofulous confumptive
production furnifhed by our men of wit and pleafure? Swift.
Scroll, n.f. [Suppofed by Minjhew to be corrupted from roll;
by Skinner derived from efcrouelle, a fhrimp given by the heralds:
whence parchment, wrapped up into a reiembling form, has
the fame name. It may be obferved, that a gaoler’s lift of
prifoners is efcrou.~\ A writing wrapped up.
His chamber all was hanged about with rolls.
And old records from ancient times deriv’d ;
Some made in books, fome in long parchmentfcrolls.
That were all worm-eaten, and full of canker holes. Spenf
Accept thisfcroll,
Which, in right of Richard Plantagenet,
We do exhibit to your majefty. Shakcfp. H. VI.
See’ft thou this letter, take it up,
And give the king this fatal plottedfroil. Shakef. Tit. Andr,
We’ll add a royal number to the dead,
Gracing the fcroll, that tells of this war’s lofs.
With daughter coupled to the name of kings. Shakefpeare.
Here is the fcroll of every man’s name, which is thought fit
through all Athens to play in our interlude. Shakejpeare.
A Numidian prieft, bellowing out certain fuperftitious
charms, caft divers frolls of paper on each fide the way,
wherein he curfed and banned the Chriftians. Knolles.
He drew forth afcroll of parchment, and delivered it to our
foremoft man. Bacon.
Such follow him, as fhall be regifter’d ;
Fart good, part bad: of bad the longerfcroll, Milton.
With this epiftolary_/Pa//,
Receive the partner of my inmoft foul. Prior.
Vet if he wills, may change or fpoil the whole; n
May take yon’beauteous, myftick,. ftarry roll, >•
And burn it, like an ufelefs parchmentfcroll. Prior. )
ScRoyle. n.f. [This word I remember only in Shakefpeare:
it feems derived from efcrouelle, French, a fcrofulous dwell¬
ing; as he calls a mean fellow a fab from his itch, ora
Patch from his raggednefs.] A mean fellow; a rafeal; a
wretch.
Thefcroyles of Angiers flout you kings,
And ftand fecurely on their battlements,
As in a theatre. Shakefpeare's Xing John.
To SCRUB, v. a. [fchrobben, Dutch.] To rub hard with
fomething coarfe and rough.
Such wrinkles as a fkilful hand would draw
For an old grandam ape, when, with a grace.
She fits at fquat, and ferubs her leathern face. Dryden.
She never would lay afide the ufe of brooms and ferubbing
brufhes. Arbuthnot.
Now Moll had whirl’d her mop with dext’rous airs,
Prepar’d toferub the entry and the flairs. Swift.
Scrub, n.f [from the verb. ]
1. A mean fellow, either as he is fuppofed to ferub himfelf for
the itch, or as he is employed in the mean offices of fcouring
away dirt. °
2. Any thing mean or defpicable.
With a dozen large veffels my vault fhall be ftor’d;
No littleferub joint fhall come on my board. Swift.
q. A worn out broom. Ainfworth.
Scrubbed.\adj. [ferubet, Danifh.] Mean; vile; worthScru'bby. 5 lefs; dirty; forry.
I gave it to a youth,
A kind of boy, a littleferubbeahoy,
No higher than thyfelf. Shak. Merchant of Venice.
The fcrubbiefl cur in all the pack,
Can fet the maftiff on your back. Swift.
The feene a wood, produc’d no more
Than a fewferubby trees before. Swift.
Scruff, n.f. The fame, I fuppofe, with feurf by a metathefis ufual in pronunciation.
'SCR'
SCRU'PLE. n.f [fcrupule, French; fcrupu'us, Latin.]
1. Doubt; difficulty of determination; perplexity: generally
about minute things.
Macduft', this noble paffion,
Child of integrity, hath from my foul
Wip’d the black J'cruples, reconcil’d my thoughts
To your good truth. Shakejpeare's Macbeth.
Nothing did more fill foreign nations with admiration cf
his fucceflion, than the content of all eflates of England for
the receiving of the king without the lealifcrujle, paufe, or
queftion. Bacon.
For the matter of your confeffion, let it be fevere and ferious ; but yet fo as it may be without any inordinate anxiety;
and unneceflaryfcruples, which only intangle the foul. Taylor.
Men make no fcruple to conclude, that thole propofitions,
of whofe knowledge they can find in themlelves no original,
were certainly the imprefs of God and nature upon their
minds, and not taught them by any one elfe. Locke.
2. Twenty grains; the third part of a dram.
Milk one ounce, oil of vitriol a fcruple, doth coagulate;
the milk at the bottom, where the vitriol goeth. Bacon.
3* Proverbially, any fmall quantity.
Nature never lends
The fmalleft fcruple of her excellence,
But, like a thrifty goddefs, file determines
Herfelf the glory of a creditor. Shakefp. Meaf for Mcaf
ToScru'ple. v.n. [from the noun.] To doubt; to hefitate.
. He fcrupled not to eat
Againft his better knowledge ; not deceiv’d,
But fondly overcome with female charms. Milt. Par. Lojh
ScruPler. n.f [from fcruple] A doubter; one who has
fcruples.
1 he fcruples which many publick minifters would make of
the worthinefs of parents to have their children baptifed, forced
fuch queftioned parents, who did not believe the neceffity of
having their children baptifed by fuch fcruplers, to carry their
children unto other minifters. G> aunt's Bills of Mortality.
Scrupulosity, n.f. [fromfcrupulous.]
1. Doubt; minute and nice doubtfulnefs.
Amongft ourfelves there was fome queftion moved, by reafon of a few mensfrupulofity touching certain things. Hooker.
The one fort they warned to take heed, thatfcrupulofty did
not make them rigorous in giving unadvifed fentence againft
their brethren which were free ; the other, that they did not
become fcandalous, by abufing their liberty and freedom to the
offence of their weak brethren, which were fcrupulous. Hook.
' So careful, even to fcrupulofty, were they to keep their
fabbath, that they muft not only have a time to prepare them
for that, but'a further time alio to prepare them for their
very preparations. ' South« ,
2. Fear of ailing in any manner; tenderriefs of confidence
The firft facrilege is looked on with fome horror; but when
they have once made the breach, theirfcrupulofty foon retires.
Decay of Piety.
Scru'pulous.’ adj. [fcrupuleux, French; fcrupulofus, Latin;
from fcruple.]
1. Nicely doubtful; hard to fatisfy in determinations of con¬
fidence.
They warned them that they did not become fcandalous, by
abufing their liberty, to the offence of their weak brethren
which were fcrupulous. Hooker.
Some birds, inhabitants of the waters, whofe blood is cold
as fifhes, and their flefti is fo like in tafte, that the fcrupulous
are allowed them on fifh-days. Locke.
2. Given to objections ; captious.
Equality of two domeftick pow’rs
Breedsfcrupulous failion. Shakefp. Ant. andCleopatra.
3. Nice; doubtful.
As the caufe of a war ought to be juft, fo the juftice of
that caufe ought to be evident; not obfcure, notfcrupulous.
Bacon s holy Ware
4. Careful; vigilant; cautious.
I have been the more fcrupulous and wary, in regard the in¬
ferences drawn from thefe obfervations are of fome im¬
portance. Woodward.
Scrupulously, adv. [from fcrupulous.] Carefully; nicely;
anxioufly.
The duty confifts not fcrupuloufy in minutes and half
hours. Taylor.
Henry V. manifeftly derived his courage from his piety,
and wasfcrupuloufy careful not to aferibe the fuccefs of it to
himfelf. Acldijon's Freeholders
Scru'pulousness. n.f. [from fcrupulous.] The ftateof beincr
fcrupulous.
Scru'table. adj. [from ferutor, Latin.] Difcoverable by
inquiry.
Shall we think God fo fcrutable, or ourfelves fo penetrating;
that none of his fecrets can efcape us ? Decay of Piety.
Scruta tion. n.f [ferutor$ Latin.] Search; examination 5
inquiry. Dl£lm
Scruta'tor. n.f [ferutateur, Fr. from ferutor, Lat.J En^
quirer; fearcher; examiner*
23 I I»
s c u S' c u?
In procefsof time, from being a fimple fcrutator, an arch¬
deacon became to have jurifdiiStion more amply. Clylife.
Scru tinous. adj. [from ferutiny.] Captious ; full of inqui¬
ries. A word little ufed.
Age is froward, uneafy, frutinou<,
Hard to be pleas’d, and parcimonious. Denham.
SCRUTINY, n.f. [ferutinium, Latin. J Enquiry ; fearch ;
examination with nicety.
In theferutinies for righteoufnefs and judgment, when it is
inquired whether fuch a perfdn be a good mpn or no, the
meaning is not, what does he believe or hope, but what he
}Gves> Taylor s Rule of living holy.
I thought thee worth my nearer view
And narrower ferutiny, that I might learn
In what degree or meaning thou art call’d
The fon of God. Milton's Paradlfe Regain'd.
They that have defigned exaclnefs and deep jauiiny, have
taken fbme one part of nature. Hale.
Their difference to meafurc, and to reach,
Reafon well re&ify’d muft nature teach ;
And thefe highferutinies are fubjects fit
For man’s all-fearching and enquiring wit. Denham.
We are admonifhed of want of charity towards others, and
want of a Chriftian ferutiny and examination into ourfeives.
L'Ejlrange.
When any argument of great importance is managed with
that warmth, which a ferious conviction of it generally infpires, fomewhat may eafily efcape, even from a wary pen,
which will not bear the teft of a ievere ferutiny. *Atterbury.
Thefe, coming not within the ferutiny of human fenfes,
cannot be examined by them, or attefted by any body. Locke.
To Scrutinize. I v. a. [fromferutiny.] To fearch j to exaTo Scrutiny. ) mine.
The compromiffarii fhould chufe according to the votes of
fuch, whofe votes they were obliged to ferutinize. Ayiijfe.
ScRUTo'iRE. n.f [for J'critoire, or eferitoire. J A cafe of
drawers for writings.
I locked up thefe papers in my ferutoire,, and my ferutoire
came to be unlocked. Prior.
To Scruze. v.a. [ Perhaps from ferew. This word, though
now difufed by writers, is (till preferved, at leaft in its cor¬
ruption, to ferouge, in the London jargon.J To fqueeze; to
comprefs.
Though up he caught him ’twixt his puiffant hands,
And having feruzed out of his carrion corfe
The loathful life, now loos’d from finful bands.
Upon his fhoulders carried him. Fairy fjh.een.
To SCUD. v. n. [fq ittire, Italian ; fkutta, Swedifh ; fkiclur,
fwift, Iflandick.] To fly; to run away with precipitation.
The vote was no fooner paffed, but away theyfeudded to the
next lake. L'Efrange.
The frighted fatyrs, that in woods delight,
Now into plains with prick’d-up ears take flight;
And feudding thence, while they their horn-feet ply.
About their fires the little fylvans cry. Dryden.
Away the frighted fpedtre feuds,
And leaves my lady in the fuds. Swift.
To Scu'ddle. v.n. [fromy^W.] To run with a kind of affedled hafte or precipitation. A low word.
Scuffle, n.f. [This word is derived by Skinner fromJhuffie.]
A confufed quarrel; a tumultuous broil.
His captain’s heart.
In the fciffies of great fights hath burft
The buckles on his breaft. Shakefp. Lint, and Cleopatra.
Avowed atheifts, placing tbemfelves in the feat of the fcorner,
take much pleafing divertilement, by deriding our eagerfeuffies
about that which they think nothing. Decay of Piety.
The dog leaps upon the ferpent, and tears it to pieces; but
in thefeuffie the cradle happened to be overturned. L'Ejlrange.
Popifh miflionaries mix themfelves in thefe dark feuffies, and
animate the mob to fuch outrages and infults. Addifon.
To Scu'ffle. v. n. [from the noun.J To fight confufedly
and tumultuoufly.
I muft confefs I’ve feen, in former days,
The beft knights in the world, and feiffied in fome frays.
Drayton.
A gallant man had rather fight to great difadvantages in the
field, in an orderly way, than feuffie with an undifeiplined
rabble. King Charles.
To SCULK. v. n. [fculcke, Danifh ] To lurk in hiding places;
to lie clofe.
It has ftruck on a fudden into fuch a reputation, that it fcorns
any longer tofeulk, but owns itfelf publickly. Gov. of Tongue.
Fearing to be feen, within a bed
Of coleworts he conceal’d his wily head;
I herefculk’d ’till afternoon, and watch’d his time. Dryden,
My prophets and my fophifts finifh’d here
Their civil eflorts of the verbal war :
Not fo my rabbins and logicians yield ;
Retiring ftill they combat; from the field
Off open arms unwilling they depart.
And feulk behind the fubterfuge of art. Prior,
No news of Phyl ! thebrido^toottrttftnp,
And thought his bride had fdilk'Iffa'm0; . ' "
Becaufe her father us’d'to fay ‘L>t(i ' r
The girl had fetch a bafhful Wifi ’’ 1 "> :'Speft.
The immediate, publifhers ’ttftrfifl? lay ft!,Iking 'tinSfcr die
wings of an act of parliament. Letter to Pffilf efft!e‘ Dhnc,
Scu'lker. n.f. [ftom fflk.] A bilker; one that hides himfelf for fhame or mi(chief. r'; •’ ' ' v
Scull,, n.f. [It is derived by Skinner from JLell, in feme pro¬
vinces called yZmil; as Ufa and teflifor iete, fignify the-head.
Mr. Lye obftrves more fatisfadtorily, i\Mxffio’a is-in iflandick
theJk'ull of an animal.]
1. the bone which incafes and defends the brain; the arched
bone of the head.
Fractures of thefull are at all times very dangerous, as the
brain becomes affected from the preffure. * Sharp.
2. Afmallboat; a cockboat. [See Sculler.]
3. One who rows a cockboat.
Like caitiff vile, that for mifdeed
Rides with his face to rump of fteed;
Or rowing fcull, he’s fain to love.
Look one way and another move. Hudlbras.
4. [Sceole, Saxon, an afembly.J In Milton's ftyle, a firoal or
vaft multitude of fifh.
Each bay
With fry innumerable fwarm, and fhoals
Of fifh, that with their fins and fhining feales
Glide under the green wave, in feuils that oft
Bank the mid fea. Milton.
ScuTlcap. n.f. [fcull and cap.]
j. A headpiece.
2.A nightcap.
ScuTler. n f [Of this word I know not the etymology.
Shola is in Iflandick a veffel, and efcueille in French a difh.j
1. A cockboat; a boat in which there is but one rower.
Her foul already was confign’d to fate.
And fhiv’ring in the leakyfculler fate. Dryden.
They hire thefculler, and, when once aboard,
Grow iick, and damn the climate like a lord. Peps.
2. One that rows a cockboat.
Scu'llery. n.f. [from fkiola, a veffel, Iflandick; or efcueille,
f rench, a difh.j The place where common utenfls, as ket¬
tles or difhes, are cleaned and kept.
Pyreicus was famous for counterfeiting bafe things, as pitch¬
ers, a fcullery, and fetting rogues together by the ears. Peach.
Sc u'llion. n.f. [from efcueille, French, a difh.j The lowefl:
domeftick fervant, that wafhes the kettles and the difnes in the
kitchen.
I muft, like a whore, unpack my heart with words.
And fall a curfing like a very drab,
A Jcullion, fye upon’t! foh ! about my brain. Shak. Hamlet.
If the gentleman hath lain there, get the cook, the ftablemen, and the Jcullion, to ftand in his way. Swift.
To Sculp, v.a. [feulpo, Latin; fculper, Fr.j To carve; to
engrave. A word not in ufe.
Oh, that the tenor of my juft complaint
Were feulpt with fteel on rocks of adamant! Sandys.
Scu'lptile. adj. [feulptilis, Latin.] Made by carving.
In a fiver medal is upon one fde Mofes horned, and on the
reverfe the commandment againftfculptile images. Brown.
Scu-LPTor. n.f. [fculptor, Latin; feulpteur, Fr.j A carver;
one who cuts wood or ftone into images.
Thy fhape’s in every part
So clean, as might inftrutft the fculptor s art. Dryden.
The Latin poets give the epithets of trifdum and trifulcum
to the thunderbolt, from the fcu.ptors and painters that lived
before them, that had given it three forks. Addifcn.
Scu'lpture. n.f [fculptura,Tatin ; fculpture, French.]
1. The art of carving; wood, or hewing ftone into images.
Then fculpture and her ftfter arts revive,
Stones leap’d to form, and rocks began to live. Pope.
2. Carved work.
Nor did there want
Cornice or freeze with boffy fcidptures graven. Milton.
There too, in living fculpture, might be feen
The mad affection of the Cretan queen. Dryden.
3. The a£t of engraving.
To ScuTtture. v.a. [from the noun.] To cut; to en¬
grave.
Gold, Ijlver, ivory vafes fculptur'd high,
There are who have not. Pope.
Scum. n.f. [ejeume, French; fchiuma, Italian j Jkum, Danilh ;
j'chuym, Dutch.]
1. That which rifes to the top of any liquor.
The reft had feveral offices affign’d ;
Some to remove thefeum as it did rife;
Others to bear the fame away did mine ;
And others it to ufe according to his kind.. Fairy fuem.
The fdt part of the water doth partly rife into aJcum on. the
top, and partly gocth into a fi-dim nt in the bottom. bacon.
Gather’d like feum, and fettl d to itfelf, ^
Self-fed and felf-confum’d. Milton.
Away,
scu SEA
en.
Away, ye fcum.
That ftlll rife upmoft when the nation boils. Drydt
They mix a med’cine to foment their limbs,
WithJcum that on the molten filver fwims. Dryden.
2. The drofs; the refufe j the recrement ; that part which is to
be thrown away.
There flocked Unto him all thefum of the Irifli out of all
places, that e’re long he had a mighty army. Spenfer.
Some forty gentlemen excepted, had we the very Jcum of
the world, fuch as their friends thought it an exceeding good
gain to be difcharged. Raleigh’s Effays.
I told thee what would come
Of all thy vapouring, bafe Jcum. Iludibras.
The Scythian and Egyptian fcum
Had almoft ruin’d Rome. Rofcommon.
You’ll find, in thefe hereditary tales,
Your anceltors thefcum of broken jayls. Pryden's fuven.
t he great and innocent are infulted by the fcum and refufe
of the people. Addtfon s Freeholder'.
To Scum. v. a. [from the noun.] To clear off the fcum.
Commonly written and fpokenfkim.
A fecond multitude
Severing each kind, and ,cum'd the bullion drofs. Milton.
Hear, ye fullen powers below;
Hear, ye talkers of the dead :
You that boiling cauldrons blow.
You that fcum the molten lead. Dryd. and Lee's Oedipus.
What corns fwim upon the top of the brine, fcum off. Mori.
Scu'mmer. n.f [.feumoir, French.] A veffel with which
liquor is feummed, commonly called afkimmer.
Scupper Holes, n.f. [fhoepen, Dutch, to draw off] In a
fhip, fmall holes on the deck, through which water is carried
into the fea. The leathers over thofe holes are called feupper
leathers, and the nails with which they are fattened feupper
nails. ' . Hailey.
Scurf, n.f. ycupp, Saxon ; Jhurfa, Iflandick; fkurjf, Danifh;
Jkorf Swedifh; fckorft, Dutch'.]
1. A kind of dry miliary fcab.
Her crafty head was altogether bald.
And, as in hate of honourable eld.
Was overgrown with feurf and filthy feald. Fairy fjuecn.
The virtue of his hands
Was loft among Pacftolus’ fands,
Againft wbofe torrent while he fwims.
The golden feurf peels off his limbs. Siv'ft.
2. A foil or ftain adherent.
Then are they happy, when by length of time
Thefurf is worn away of each committed crime,
No fpeck is left. Dryden.
3. Any thing flicking on the furface.
There flood a hill, whofe grifly top
Shone with a gloffy feurf. Milton.
Upon throwing in a ftone the water boils ; and at the fame
time are feen little flakes of feurf rifing up. Addifon.
Scu'rfiness. n.f. [from feurf] The ftate of being feurfy.
Scu'rril. adj. [fcurriHs, Latin ] Low; mean; grofly op¬
probrious ; loudly jocofe.
With him, Patroclus,
Upon a lazy bed, the live-long day
Breaksfcurril jefts. Sbakefp. Frsilus and Creff.da.
Nothing conduces more to letters than to examine the
writings of the ancients, provided the plagues of judging and
pronouncing againft them be away ; fuch as envy, bitternefs,
precipitation, impudence, and fcurril fcoffing. Ben. Jobnfon.
Thou mov’tt me more by barely naming him,
Than all thy foul unmanner’d fcurril taunts. Dryden.
Scurri'litY. n.f [feurrilite, Fr. fcurriilitas, Lat.J Grofnefs
of reproach; loudnefs of jocularity ; mean buffoonery.
Good matter Holoferncs, purge; fo it {hall ple^fe you to
abrogate fcurrility. Shakefpeare.
Banifn fcurrility and profanenefs, and reftrain the licentious
infoleiice of poets. Dryden.
Scurrilous, adj. [feurrilis, Latin.] Grofly opprobrious;
ufing fuch language as only the licenfe of a buffoon can War¬
rant ; loudly jocular ; vile; low.
Yet is not their goodnels fo intolerable, as, on the contrary
fide, ths.fcurrilous and more than fatyrical immodefty of. Mar¬
tini-fm. ^ Hooker.
Let him approach finging.
— Forewarn him that he uie no fcurrilous words in’s tunes.
Shakefpeare's PVintcr's Dale.
How often is a perfon, whofe intentions are to do good by
the works he pubiifhes, treated in asfcurril us a manner as if
he were an enemy to mankind ? rp. • Addifan's Freeholder.
Their characters have been often treated with the utmoft
barbarity and injurtlce byfcurrilous and enraged orators. Swift.
Scu'rriloUsly. adv. [from fcurrilous ] Witb.grofs reproach ;
with low buffoonery ; with lewd merriment.
Such men there are, who have written fcurriloufy againft
me, without any provocation. Dryden.
It is barbarous incivHity.JcurriloUjly to fjport with that which
S/»rc " srttL.r... others count religion. Fillotfoon.
Sct/ttviLY. adv. [fromfcurvy.] Vilely; bafely. coarfeh
is feldom ufed but in a ludicrous fenfe.
Look i’ your glafs now,
And fee howfcwvily that countenance fhews;
You would be loth to own it. Be . Jthnf. C
This alters the whole complexion of an act , f), that vHv
otherwife look but veryfeurvil, and makes h perfect.
The clergy were never more learned, or > > fU!<
treated. d-w /.
Scu'rvy. n f. [from feurf. This word was, I believe,
nally an adjeCiive.]
1 lie feurvy is a diftemper of the inhabitants of coid ro\
tries, and ainongft thofe fuch as inhabit marlhy, fat, if
moift foils, near ttagnating water, frefh or fait; invade
chiefly in the Winter fuch as arc fedentary, or live upon fake d
or fmoaked flefh and fifh, or quantities of unfermented i irinaceous vegetables, and drink bad water. AHuthnot.
Scu'rvv. adj. [fromfeurf,furfy, feurvy.~\
1. Scabbed ; covered with fcabs ; difeafed with the feurvy.
Whatfoever man befeurvy or fcabbed. Lev. xxi. 20.
2. Vile; bad; furry; worthless; contemptible; offenfive.
I know him'for a man divine and holy;
Notfeurvy, nor a temporary meddler. Shakefpeare.
This is a veryfeurvy tune to fmg to a man’s funeral. Shake]'.
He fpoke feurvy and provoking terms
Againft your honour. Shakefpeare.
A crane, which is butfeurvy meat, lays but two eggs. Chey.
It would be convenient to prevent the excels of drink, with
thatylwc/ycuftom of taking tobacco. Stuff.
Scu rf 1 grass, n.f. [feurvy and graf.] The fpoonwort. A
plant.
The flower confifls of four leaves, which are djfpofed in
form of a crofs : from the flower-cup arifes the pointal, which
• becomes an almoft globular fruit, .livided into two cells by an
intermediate partition, to winch the valves adhere on both
lides, and are furnifhed with many round feeds. Miller.
’Scuses. For excufes.
I fhifted him away.
And laid good feufes on your exftafy. Sbakefp. Othello.
Scut. n.f [Jfkott, iflandick ] 1 he tail of thofe animals whofe
tails are very fhort, as a hare.
In the hare it is averfely feated, and in its diftenfion inclines
unto the coccix orfeut. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
He fled to earth; but firft it coft him dear,
Fie left hisfeut behind, and half an ear. Swift.
ScIj'tcheon. n.f. [fcuccione, Italian, fromfeutum, Lat.] The
fhield reprefented in heraldry ; the enfigns armorial of a fa¬
mily. See Eschutcheon.
And thereto had fhe thatfcutcheon of her defires, fupported
by certain badly diligent minifters. > Sidney.
Yourfcutcheons, and your figns of conqueft, {hall
Hang in what place you pleafe. Shak. Ant and Cleopatra.
Honour is a meerfcutcheon. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
The chiefs about their necks the fcutcheons wore,
With orient pearls and jewels powder’d o’er. Dryden.
Scute llated. adj. [fcuteUa, Lat.] Divided into fmall furfaces.
It feems part of the fcutellatcd bone of a ftutgeon, being
flat, of a porous or cellular conftitution. Woodward.
Scu'tiform. adj. [feutformis, Latin.] Shaped like a fhield.
Scu'ttle. n.f. [feutelia, Latin; feutelf Celt. Ainfw.]
1. A wide fhallow bafket, fo named from a dilh or platter which
it refemblcs in form.
A fcuttle or Herein to rid foil fro’ the corn. Duffer.
i he earth and Hones they are fain to carry from under
their feet in feutties and bafkets. Hakewill on Providence.
2. A fmall grate.
To the hole in the door, have a fmallfeutt'e, to keep in what
mice are there. Mortimer s Husbandry.
3. [From feud.'] A quick pace; a fliort run; a pace of afte&ed
precipitation.
She went with an eafyfcuttle out of the {hop'. Spoliator.
To Scu'ttle. v.n. [from feud or jcuddle.] To run with af¬
fected precipitation.
The old fellow fcuttled out of the room. Arbuthnot.
To Sdeign. v. a. [Spenfer. Sdegnare, Ital. Milton, for difda'm.]
Lifted up fo high,
Ifdeign’d fubjedlion. Milton.
Sde'ignful. adj. Contracted for difdainful
t hey now, puft up withJdeignful infolence,
Defpile the brood of blefled fapicnce. Spenfer.
SEA. n.f [pe, Saxon; jee, or zee, Dutch.]
I. the ocean; the water oppofed to the land.
Will all great Neptune’s ocean waflh this blood
Clean from my hand ? No, this my hand will rather
Thy multitudinousfea incarnardine.
Making the green one red. Shahfp. MacUlb.
1 he rivers run into the fea. Carew
He made the fea, and all that is therein. £x. xx 11
So do the winds and thunders cleanfe the air
So working/ fe„le and purge the wine. ’ iW«.
r Amphibious between fea and land
The river liorfe. ' JIBIton.
Some
O
SEA
Some leviathan, \ *k
Haply flumb’ring on the Norway foam.
The pilot of fome fmall night-founder’d fkifF
Deeming fome ifland, oft as feamen tell,
With fixed anchor in his fcaly rind,
Moors by his fide under the lee, while night
Invefts the fea. Milton-.
Small fragments of {hells, broken by rtorfns on fome fhores,
are ufed for manuring of Jea land. IVoodward.
They put to fea with a fleet of three hundred fail. Arbuthn.'
Sea racing dolphins are train’d for our motion,
Moony tides fwelling to roll us afhore. Dryden's Albion.
But like a rock unmov’d, a rock that braves
The raging tempert, and the rifing waves,
Propp’d on himfelf he ftands: his folid fide
WafhofF thefea weeds, and the founding tides. Drydin.
The fea could not be much narrower than it is, Without a
great lofs to the world. Bentley:
So when the firft bold veffel dar’d the feat.
High on the ftern the Thracian rais’d his ftrain,
While Argo faw her kindred trees
Defcerul from Pelion to the main. Pope.
2. A colledtion of water; a lake.
Jefus walking by thefea of Galilee, faw two brethren.
Mat. iv. 18.
3. Proverbially for any large quantity.
That fea of blood which hath in Ireland been barbaroufly
fhed, is enough to drown in eternal infamy and mifery the
malicious author and inftigator of its efFufion. King Charles.
4. Any thing rough and tempeftuous.
To forrow abandon’d, but worfe felt within.
And in a troubled fa of paflion toft. ' Milton.
5. Half Seas over. Half drunk.
The whole magiftracy was pretty well difguifed before I
gave’em the flip : our friend the alderman was halffeas over
before the bonfire v/as out. Spectator.
Sea is often ufed in compofition, as will appear in the follow¬
ing examples.
Se'abeat. [fea and beat.] Dafhed by the waves of the fea.
The fovereign of the feas he blames in vain,
That once feabet will to fea again. Spcrfer's Pajlorals.
Darknefs cover’d o’er
The face of things : along the feabeat fhore
Satiate we flept. Pope's Od\Jfey.
Seabo'at. n.f [fea and boat.] Veffel capable to bear the
fea.
Shipwrecks were occafioned by their fhips being bad feaboatSy and themfelves but indifferent feamen. Arbuthnot.
Seabo/rn. adj. [fea and born.] Born of the fea; produced
by the fea.
Like Neptune and hisfeaborn niece, fhall be
The fhining glories of the land and fea. JValler.
All thefe in order march, and marching fing
. . . O iD
The warlike adlions of theirfeaborn king. Dryden.
Seabo'y. n.f. [fea and boy.] Boy employed on fhipboard.
Can’ll thou, O partial fleep, give thy repofe
To the wet fcab-.y in an hour fo rude,
And in the calmeft and the ftilleft night
Deny it to a king? Shakefpeare.
Seabre'ach. n.f [fea and breach.] Irruption of the fea by
breaking the banks.
To an impetuous woman, tempefts and feabreaches are
nothing. L’Ejlrange.
Seabree'ze. n.f. [fea and breeze.] Wind blowing from the
fea.
Hedges, in moft places, would be of great advantage to
fhelter the grafs from the feabreeze. Mortimer.
Seabi/ilt. adj. [fea and built.J Built for the fea.
Borne each by other in a diftant line,
The Jeabuilt forts in dreadful order move. Dryden.
Seaca'bbage. n.f [crambe, Latin.] Seacolewort. A plant.
It hath flefhy leaves like thofe of the cabbage. Miller.
Se'aholly. n. f. [eryngium, Latin.] A plant.
The fpecies are, feaholly, or cryngo. Common eryngo.
Scc. The roots of the firft are candied, and fent to London
for medicinal ufe, being the true eryngo.
Se'acalf. n.f. [fea and calf] The Leal.
The feaealf or feal, is fo called from the noife he makes
like a calf: his head comparatively not big, fhaped rather like
an otter’s, with teeth like a dog’s, and muitaches like thofe of
a cat: his body long, and all over hairy: his forefeet, with
Angers clawed, but not divided, yet fit for going: his hinder
feet, more pi opcrly fins, and fitter for fwimming, as being an
amphibious animal. The female gives fuck, as the porpefs,
and other viviparous fifties. Grew’s Mvfccum.
Se'acap. n.f. [fea an(] cap.] Cap made to be worn on fhipboard.
I know your favour well,
Though now you have nofeacap on your head. Shakefp.
Se'achar'i . n.J. [Jea ar.d chai/.] Map on which only the
coarts are delineated.
SEA
Thf fituation of the parts. 6f the earth are better learned
by a rhap orfachart, fhp.fi reading the defeription. Ifiatts.
Sea.coa/l. n.f [fea and coal.J Coal, fo'called not becaufe
found jn the fea, but becaufe brought fo London b'J feaj.pit*.
coal.
We’ll have a poflet foon at the latter, £hd. of a feaco'al
fire. •’ * V “• Sbakefpecure.
Seatoal Jafts lodger than charcoal. Bacon.
T his piilmonique indifpofition of the air is very muqh
heightened, where a great quantity of feacbal is burnt. Harks.
SeVcoast. n.f. [Jea and coajl.] Shore; edge of the fea. -*
The venturous mariner that way,
Learning his {hip from thofe white rodks to fave.
Which all along the fouthefn feacoaft 'lay
For fafety’s fake that fame his feamark made.
And nam’d it Albion. Fairy fihieen.
Upon thefeacodjt are many parcels of land, that would pay
well for the taking in. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Se'acompass. n.f. [fea and compafs.] The card and needle
of marihers.
The needle in thefacompafs ftill moving but to the northpoint only, with moveor immotus, notified the refpeclive:conflancy of the gentleman to one only. Camden s Remains•
Se'acow. n.f [Jea and cow.] The manatee.
The feacow is a very bulky animal, of the cetaceous kind.
It grows to fifteen feet long, and to feven or eight in circum¬
ference: its head is like that of a hog, but longer, and more
cylindrick: its eyes are fmall, and it has no external ears, but
orlly two little apertures in the place of them ; yet its fenfe of
hearing is very quick. Its lips are thick, and it has two long
tulks {landing out. It has two fins, which fland forward on
the breaft like hands, whence the Spaniards firft called it ma¬
natee. The female has two round breafts placed between the
pe£loral fins. The fkin is very thick and hard, and not fcaly,
but hairy. This creature lives principally about the mouths
of the large rivers in Africa, the Eaft Indies, and America,
and feeds upon vegetables. Its flefh is white like veal, and
very well tailed. The lapis manati, which is of a fine clean
white colour, and bony texture, is properly the os petrofum
of this animal. This ftone has been fuppofed to be a power¬
ful amulet, but is now negleded. Hill’'s Mat. Med.
Seado'g. n.f. [fea and dog.] Perhaps the fhark.
Fierce fcadogs devour the mangl’d friends. Rofcommon.
When, flung with hunger, fhe embroils the flood,
The feadog and the dolphin are her food. Pope’s Odyffey.
Seafa'rer. n.f [ fea and fare.] A traveller by fea ; a mariner.
They ftifly refufed to vail their bonnets by the fummons of
thofe towns, which is reckoned intolerable contempt by the
better enabled feafarers. Carew*
A wand’ring merchant, he frequents the main.
Some mean J'eafarer in purfuit of gain ;
Studious of freight, in naval trade well {kill’d ;
But dreads th’ athletick labours of the field. Pope.
Seafa'ring. adj. [fa andfare.] Travelling by fea.
My wife fafteu’d him unto a fmall fpare mart.
Such asfeafarhlg men provide for ftorms. Shakefpeare.
It was death to divert the fhips of feafaring people, againft:
their will, to other ufes than they were appointed. Arbuthnst.
Seafe'nnel. The fame with Samphire, which fee.
Sf/afight. n.J. [fea and fight.] Battle of fhips; battle on
the fea.
Seafights have been often final to the war; but this is when
princes fet up their reft upon the battles. Bacon.
They were full of drink at the time of theirfeafights.
Wifeman’s Surgery.
If our fenfe of hearing were a thoufand times quicker than
it is, we fhould, in the quietefl retirement, belefs able to fleep
than in the middle of a feafight. Locke.
This fleet they recruited with two hundred fail, whereoi
they loft ninety-three in a feafight. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Seafo'wl. n.f [fea and fowl.] Birds that live at fea.
The bills of curlews, and many other feafowl, are very
lone, to enable them to hunt for the worms. Derham.
A feafowl properly reprefents the paflage of a deity over the
feas. Broome's Notes to the OdyJJey.
A length of ocean and unbounded fky.
Which lcarce thefeafowl in a year o’er fly. Pope.
Se'agirt. adj. [fea and girt.] Girded or incircled by the
fea.
Neptune, beftdes the fway
Of every fait flood and each ebbing ftream.
Took in by lot, ’twixt high and nether Jove,
Imperial rule of all the feagiit ifles.
Telemachus, the blooming heir
Of feagirt Ithaca, demands my care:
’Tis mine to form his green unpra&is’d years
In fage debates. °^e%
Se'agull. n.f. [ fea and gull.] A water fowl.
Seagulls, when they flock together from the fea towards e
fhores, forefhow rain and wind. Bacon shat, ifiory.
Milton.
Bitterns,
SEA
Citterns, herons, andfeagnlls, arfc great enemies to flip.
Mortimer s Husbandry.
S e/a green, adj. [fea and green.} Refembling the colour of
the diftant fea ; cerulean.
White, red, yellow, blue, will) their feveral mixtures, as
green, fcarlct, purple, and Jeagreen, come in only by the
eyes. _ _ Locke.
Upon his urn reclin’d.
Hisfengreen mantle waving in the wind,
The god appear’d. p0p£t
Sf/Agreen. n.f Saxifrage. A plant.
Se a gull. n.f. A fea bird. Ainfworth.
Se'ahedgehog. n.f. [jea, hedge, and hog. 1 A kind of fea
ihell-fiih.
khefeabedgehog is inclofed in a round fhell, faihioned as a
loaf ot bread, wrought and pinched, and guarded by an outer
fkin full of prickles, as the land urchin. Catcw.
Se'ahog. n. f. [Jea and hog.J The porpus.
Se'aholm. n.f [fa and holm.]
1. A fmall uninhabited ifland.
2. Seaholly. A kind of fea weed.
Cornwal bringeth forth greater {lore offeaholm and famphire than any other county. Careiv.
Se'aho se. n.f. [fea and horfe.]
1. 7 hefeahorfe is a fifh of a very Singular form, as we fee it dried,
and ot the needlefifh kind. It is about four or five inches in
length, and nearly half an inch in diameter in the broadeft
part. Its colour, as we fee st dried-, is a deep reddifh brown ;
and its tail is turned round under the belly. It is found about
the Mediterranean, and has been celebrated for medicinal vir¬
tues ; but is at prefent wholly neglected. Hill’s Materia Med.
2. The morfe.
Part of a large tooth, round and tapering: a tufk of the
morle, or waltrons, called by fome the JeaborJe. IVoodward.
3. The medical and the poetical feahorfe feem very different. By
the feahorfe Dryden means probably the hippopotamus.
By ’em
Seaborfes, flound’ring in the Himy mud,
Tofs’d up their heads, and dafh’d the ooze about ’em. Dry.
Se'AMAid. n.f. [fea and maid.] Mermaid.
Certain ftars fhot from their fpheres,
To hear the feamaids mufick. Sbakefpeare.
Se'aman. n.f. [fea and man.J
J. A failor ; a navigator; a mariner.
She, looking out,
Beholds the fleet, and hears the featnen ihout. Denham.
Seamen, through difmal ftorms, are wont
To pafs the oyfter-breeding Hellefpont. Evelyn.
The whole poem was Hrft written, and now fent you from
a place where I have not fo much as the converfe of any feaman. Dryden.
/Eneas order’d ,
A ftately tomb, whofe top a trumpet bore,
A foldier’s fauchion, and a feaman’s oar ;
Thus was his friend interr’d. Dryden.
By undergoing the hazards of the fea, and the company of
common feamen, you make it evident you will refufe no op¬
portunity of rendering yourfelf ufeful. Dryden.
Had they applied themfelvcs to the increafc of their ffreno-th
by fea, they might have had the greateft fleet and the moftJeatnen of any ftate in Europe. Adaifon.
2. Merman ; the male of the mermaid.
Seals live at land and at fea, and porpufes have the warm
blood and intrails of a hog, not to mention mermaids, orfea-
. men- f ^ Locke.
Seama'rk. n.f. [fea and mark.] Point or confpicuous place
diflinguifhed at fea, and ferving the mariners as directions of
their courfe.
Tffofe white rocks,
Which all along the fouthern feacoaft lay,
1 hreat’ning unheedy wreck and rafh decay,
For falety’s fake hisfeamark made.
And nam’d it Albion. pa'lTy fuesn.
7 hough you do fee me weapon’d,
Here is my journey’s end, here is my butt.
The veryfeamark of my utmoft fail. Shakefp. Othello.
They were executed at divers places upon the feacoaft, for
feamarks or lighthoufes, to teach Perkins’s people to avoid the
coaft. Bacon's Henry VII.
They are remembered with a brand of infamy ftxt upon
them, and fet as feamarks for thofe who obferve them to
avoid. Dryden.
7 he fault of others fway,
He fet as feamarks for himfelf to fhun. Dryden.
Seame'w. n.f. [fea and mew.] A fowl that frequents the
fea.
An ifland fa It and bare,
7 he haunt of feals, and orcks, and fcamews clang. Milton.
7 he chough, the feamew, the loquacious crow,
Scream aloft. Pope's Odyjfey.
Se amonster. n.f [fea and n.onjhrf] Strange animal of the
fea.
SEA
Seamonflers give fuck to their young. la. jv< ^
Where luxury once reign’d, feumonfers whelp. Milton.
Se'anymph. n.f [fea an4 nymph.] Goddefs of the fea.
Virgil, after Homer’s example, gives us a transformation
of /Eneas’s Ihip intoJeanympbs. Broome.
Se'aonion. ruf. An herb. Ainfvorth.
Se aoose. n.f [fea and onfe.J The mud in the fea or ihore.
All Jeaooje, or oofy mud, and the mud of rivers, are of
great advantage to all forts of land. Mortimer.
Se'apiece. n.f. [fea and pie^ef] A picture reprefenting any
thing at fea.
Great painters often employ their pencils upon fea'ieces.
Ad ijous Spectator.
Se'apool. n.f [fea and pool.] A lake of fait water.
I have often heard it wilhed, that all that land were a feapool. Spenfer on Ireland.
Sl'aport. n.f. [fea and port] A harbour.
Se'arisque. n.f. [fea and rifque.] Hazard at fea.
Pie was fo great an encourager of commerce, that he
charged himfelf with all the fearifque of fuch veffels as car¬
ried corn to Rome in the Winter. Arbuthnot.
Se'akocket. n.f A plant. Miller.
Se'aroom. n.f. [fea and room.] Open fea; fpacious main.
There isJearosm enough for both nations, without offend¬
ing one another, and it would exceedingly lupport the navy.
Bacon’s Advice to Viluers.
The bigger whale like fome huge carraek lay.
Which wanteth fearoom with her foes to play. Waller.
Searo'ver. n.f. [Jea and rove.] A pirate.
Se'ashark. n.f. [fea and Jhark.J A ravenous1 feafiih.
Witches mummy, maw and gulf
Of the ravening faitfeajhark. Sbakefpeare.
S&'ashell. n.f. [fea and Jbeil.J Shells found on the ihore.
Seajhells are great improvers of four or cold land. Mortim.
Se'a shore, n.f. [fea and Jhore.] The coaft of the fea.
Thatfeafore where no more world is found,
But foaming billows breaking on the ground. Dryden.
Fournier gives an account of an earthquake in Peru, that
reached three hundred leagues along the feajbore. Burnet.
To fay a man has a clear idea of any quantity, without
knowing how great it is, is as reafonable as to fay he has the
pofitive idea of the number of the fands on the .eajbore. Locke.
Se'asick. adj. [Jea and fick.] Sick, as new voyagers on the
fea.
She began to be much feafek, extremity of weather con¬
tinuing. Sbakefpeare.
Barbarofla was not able to come on ihore, for that he was,
as they faid, feafick, and troubled with an ague. Knolles.
In love’s voyage nothing can offend;
Women are never jeafick. Dryden s Juvenal.
Weary and Jeafick, when in thee confin’d ;
Now, for thy fafety, cares diftradf my mind. Sivft.
Se'aside. n.f. [fea and fide ] The edge of the fea.
7'heir camels were without number, as the fand by thcfafHe. Jud. vii. 12.
There difembarking on the green feafide,
We land our cattle, and the fpoil divide. Pope.
Se aserpent. n.f. [J'ca and jerpent.] Serpent generated in
the water.
Sease'rvice. n.f [fea and fervice-] Naval war.
You were prelled tor the feafervice, and got oft' with much
a^°- Swift's Direct, to Servants.
Seasu'rgeon. n.f [fa andfurgeon.J A chirurgeon employed
on fhipboard.
My deflgn was to help the fafurgeon. Wifeman’s Surgery.
Sea surro'unded. adj. [fea andfui round.] Encircled by the
fea. ' 1
To feafw rounded realms the gods affign
Small tradlof fertile lawn, the leaft to mine. Pope.
Seate'rm. n.f [Jea and term.] Word of art ufed by the
feamen. 1
I agree with you in your cenfure of thefeaterms in Dryden’s
Virgil, becaufe no terms of art, or cant words, fuit the majefty of epick poetry. /W
Seawa ier. n.Jl [ feu and watev.J The fait water of the
fea.
By digging of pits in the fealhore, he did fruftrate the la¬
borious works of the enemies, which had turned the feawater upon the wells of Alexandria. Bacon’s Plat. HiftorI took off the dreflings, and bathed the member with fawater. WfJ
Seawater has many grofs, rough, and earthy particlesTnTt"
as appears from its faltnefs ; whereas frefh water is more DUre
and unmixt. Broome's Notes on the Oclyfjey.
Seal «./ [reol, rele, Saxon; feel, Danilb ] The feacalf
See Seacalf. *
°l f°^C\ n'n mak.c anc^ growth not unlike a pig,
uJy laced, and footed like a moldwarp; he delighteth in muiick,
or any loud nojfe, and thereby is trained to ihew himfelf above
water; theyalfo come on land. Carno.
23 IC An
SEA S'E A
An I(land fait and bare,
The haunt of feals and ores, and feamaws clang. Indian.
SEAL, n.J [p^el, Saxon; figillutn, Latin ] .
i. A (lamp engraved with a particular impreffion, which is fixe
upon the wax that elofes letters, or affixed as a tellimony.
The king commands you
To render up the greatfenl. S..akefp. Henry V III.
If the organs of perception, like wax overharden, d with
cold, will not receive the impreffion of thcfeal-, or, like wax
of a temper too foft, will not hold it; or elfe fuppofing the wax
of a temper fit, but the feal not applied with a efficient force
to make a clear impreffion : in any of thefe cafes the print left
by the feal will be obfeure. Locke.
The fame
His o-randfire wore about his neck
In three feal rings, which after, melted down.
Form’d a vail buckle for his widow’s gown. Pope.
2.The impreffion made in wax.
’Till thou can’ft rail the feal from off my bond,
Thou but offend’d thy lungs to fpeak fo loud. Sbakefp.
Solvman (hewed him his own letters, afiring him if he knew
not that hand, and if he knew not thatfeal. Kno/les.
He law his monkey picking thefeal wax from a letter, Arb.
2. Any a£t of confirmation.
They their fill of love
Took largely, of their mutual guilt the feal. Milton.
To Seal. v. a. [from the noun.]
j. To fallen with a feal.
He that brings this love to thee.
Little knows this love in me ;
And by him feal up thy mind. Sbakefp. As you like it.
I have feen her rife from her bed, take forth paper, fold it,
write upon’t, and afterwardsJeal it. Shakefpeare.
2. To confirm or attell by a feal.
God join’d my heart to Romeo’s ; thou our hands;
And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo feal'd,
Shall be the label to another deed,
Or my true heart with treacherous revolt
Turn to another, this lhall flay them both. Shakefpeare.
3. To confirm; to ratify ; to fettle.
My foul is purg'd from grudging hate.
And with my hand Ifeal our true hearts love. Sbak. R. III.
When I have performed this, and fealed to them this fruit,
I will come into Spain. Rom. xv. 28.
4. Tolhut; to clofe.
Seal up your lips, and give no words, but mum ! Shakef.
At my death
Thou hallfeal'd up my expedition. Sbakefp Henry IV.
The root of evil isfealed up from you. 2 ifdr. viii. 53.
The fenfe is like the fun ; for the fun feals up the globe of
heaven, and opens the globe of earth : fo the fenfe doth ob¬
feure heavenly things, and reveals earthly things. Bacon.
Back to th’ infernal pit I drag thee chain’d,
And feal thee fo, as henceforth not to fcorn
The facil gates of hell too (lightly barr’d. Milton.
5. To mark with a (lamp.
You’d rail upon the hollefs,
And fay you would prefent her at the leet,
Becaufe (lie bought Hone jugs, and no feal'd quarts. Shakef
To Seal. v. n. To fix a feal. ,
I will feal unto this bond. Shakefpeare.
We make a lure covenant and write it, and our princes and
priellsfeal unto it. A eh. ix. 38.
Sf/aler. n.f [fromfeal.] One that feals.
Se'alin GWax. n.f [feal and wax.] Hard wax made of rofm
ufed to feal letters.
The prominent orifice was clofed with fcahnywax. Boyle.
SEAM, n.f [ yearn, Saxon; zoom, Dutch]
1. The edge of cloath where the threads are doubled; the fu¬
ture where the two edges are fewed together.
In velvet white as fnow the troop was gown d,
The feams with fparkling emeralds fet around. Dryden.
Precepts Ihould be fo finely wrought together in the fame
piece, that no coarfe fearn may difcover where they join. Add.
2. The juncture of planks in a Ihip.
With boiling pitch the feams inllops.
Which, well laid o’er, the fait lea waves withlland. Dryd.
3. A cicatrix ; a fear.
4. [peam, Saxon, a load.] A meafure ; a veflei in which things
are held ; eight bulhels of corn. Ain/worth.
5. [ Seme, Saxon; faimy Weill); fain, French.] I allow ;
greafe; hog’s lard.
Shall the proud lord,
1 hat bafles his arrogance with his own fcam,
Be worlhipp’d ? Sbakefp. Ti oilus and Creffda.
Part fcour the ruftv fhields with Jearny and part
New grind the blunted ax. Dryden’s Ain.
To Seam. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To join together by future, or otherwife.
2. To mark ; to fear with a long cicatrix.
Seam'd o’er with wounds, which his own fabre gave. Pope.
Say, has the fmall or greater pox
. Sunk down hernofe, or/earn'd her face? Sivift.
Se'amless. adj. [from fcam.] Having no feam.
Se'amrent. n.f. [feam and rent.] A feparation of any thing
where it is joined; a breach of the Hitches.
Se^amstress. n.f, [yeameyipe, Saxon.] A woman whefe
trade is to few.
They wanted food and raiment; fo they took
Religion for theirfeanjlref and their cook. Cleave1and.
Se'amv. adj. [fromJ'eam.] Having a feam; (hewing the feam.
Some fuch fquire he was,
That turn’d your wit the/carry fide without.
And made me to fufpect you. Sbak. Othello.
Sean. n.f. [ ye^ne, Saxon; Jagcna, Latin.] A net. Some¬
times written feme, orfaine.
Sear. adj. [yeayran, Saxon, to cry ] Dry; not any longer
green. Spenjer ufes it.
I have liv’d long enough : my May of life
Is fall’n into the /ear, the yellow leaf. Sbak. Macbeth.
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy neverfear. Milton.
Some may be cherilhed in dry places, as in fear wood. Ray.
To Sear. v.a. [yeayian, Saxon.] To burn ; to cauterize.
The fcorching flame lore finged all his face,
And through his armour ai! his body fear'd. Fairy gjuecn.
Some lhall depart from the faith, fpeaking lies, having their
confcience feared with a hot iron. J dim. iv. 2.
Cherilh veins of good humour, andfear up thofe of ill. Temp.
I’m fear’d with burning fled, ’till the lcorch d marrow
Fries in the hones. R ive’s Royal Convert.
Se'arbreach. n.f. [fear and breach.] Perhapsfeabreach.
’Tis one thing for a man to be firm againll honell dangers ;
but to run his head againll Hone walls, or to put his fhoulders
to a fearbreacb, to attempt infuperable difficulties, would be
juft the moral of the ram in the fable. L’Ejlrange
Se'arcloath. n.f. [yayclaS, Saxon, from yap, pain, and
clai5, a plaller; fo that cerecloaib, as it is now written, from
cera, wax, feems to bew’rong.J A plaller ; a lai’ge plaller.
Bees wax is the ground of allfearcloatb falves. Mortimer.
To Searce. v. a. [jafjer, French.] To fift finely.
Put the finely Jearced powder of alaballer into a flatbottomed and well heated brafs veflei. Boyle.
For the keeping of meal, bolt and fcarce it from the
bran. ’ * Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Searce. n.f. A fleve ; a bolter.
Sea'rcer. n.f. [fromJearce.] He who fearces.
'Fo SEARCH, v.a. [cbercher, French.]
1. To examine ; to try ; to explore; to look through.
Help tofearcb my houfe this one time : if 1 find not what I
feek, let me for ever be your table fport. Shakefpeare.
Thev returned fromJearching of the land. Aum. xiii. 25.
Through the void immenfe
Tofearcb with wand’ring quell a place foretold. Milton.
2. To inquire; to feek.
Now clear I underlland
What oft my fleddiefl- thoughts have fearcb'd in vain. Milt.
Enough is left befides to fearcb and know. Milton.
Drawupfome valuable meditations from the depths of the
earth, and fearcb them through the vail ocean. IVatts.
3. To probe as a chirurgeon.
Alas, poor Ihepherd ! fearching of thy wound,
I have, by hard adventure, found my own. Shakefpeare.
With this good fword,
That ran through Cad’ar’s bowels, fearcb this bofom. Shake.
For the divilions of Reuben there were greatfearchings of
hdart. JudT v- *6-
The figns of wounds penetrating are difeovered by the pro¬
portion of the Jearching candle, or probe which enters into
the cavity. _ Wifeman s Surgery.
4. To Search out. To find by feeking.
Who went before you, tofearcb you cut a place to pitch
your tents in ? Deutr. i. 33.
They may fometimes be fuccefsful tofearcb out truth. JVatts.
To Search, v. n.
1. To make a fearch.
Satisfy me once more ; once more fearcb with me. Shakef
To alk orfearch I blame thee not. Milton.
2. To make inquiry.
Thofe who ferioufly fearcb after or maintain truth, Ihould
lludv to deliver themfelves without obfeurity or equivo¬
cation. Locke.
It (offices that they have once with care fifted the matter,
and fcarched into all the particulars that could give any ig t
to the queffion.
With piercing eye fome fearcb where nature p a) s»_.
And trace the wanton through her darkfome maze. u t
x. To feek; to try to find. „ . -
Your hulband’s coming, woman, to fearch lor a gentleman
that is here now in the houfe. Sbak. Me>ry H ives oj U ind.or.
We in vain fearcb for that conllitution within a fly, upon
which depend thofe powers we oblcrve in them. Locke.
Search, n.f [from the verb.] .
,. Inquiry by looking into every fufpeaed place.
n The orb lie roam d
With narrow fearch) and with infpeaion deep. Milt n.
7 2. Inquiry j
SEA SEA
2. Inquiry; examination; a£b of feeking.
His reafons are as two grains of wheat hid in two bufhels of
chaff: you {hall feek all day ere you find them, and when you
have them they are not worth thefearcb. Sbakefpcare.
Who great in fearch of God and nature grow,
They belt the wife Creator’s praife declare. Dryden.
Now mourn thy fatalfearcb }
It is not fafe to have too quick a fcnfe. Dryden.
The mind fets itfelf on work \nfearcb of fome hidden idea,
and turns the eye of the foul upon it. Locke.
I3v the philofophical ufe of words, I mean fuch an ufe as
conveys the preciie notions of things, which the mind may
be latisfied with in itsfearcb after knowledge. Locke.
1 he parents, after a long jtarch for the boy, gave him for
drowned in a canal. " Addifon.
I his common practice carries the heart afide from all that
is honeft in ourfearcb after truth. Watts.
3. Queft ; purfuit.
If zealous love fhould go in fearcb of virtue,
Where fhould he find it purer than in Blanch? Shakefp.
Stay him from his intendment, or brook fuch difgrace well as
he {hall run into; in that it is a thing of his own fearch, and
altogether againft my will. “ Shakefp. As you like it.
Nor did myfearcb of liberty begin,
’Till my black hairs were chang’d upon my chin. Dryden.
Se'archer. n J'. [from /earcb.]
1. Examiner; inquirer; trier.
The Agarenes that feek wifdom upon earth, the authors of
fables, and fearchers out of underftanding Bar. iii. 23.
The feari hers found a marvellous difference between the
Anakins and themfelves. Raleigh.
Religion has given us a more juft idea of thfe divine nature:
he whom we appeal to is truth itfelf, the great fearcbcr of
hearts, who will not let fraud go unpuniflied, or hold him
guiltlefs that taketh his name in vain. Addifon.
In vain we lift up our prefumptuous eyes )
To what our Maker to their ken denies: C
The fearcher follows faft; the object flies. Prior. J
Avoid the man who pra&ifes any thing unbecoming a free
and open jearcher after truth. Watts.
2. Officer in London appointed to examine the bodies of the
dead, and report the caufe of death.
The fearchers, who are ancient matrons fworn to their of¬
fice, repair to the place where the dead corps lies, and by view
of the fame, and by other inquiries, examine by what difeafe
the corps died. Graunt’s Bills of Mortality.
SE'ASON. n.f [faifon, French.]
j. One of the four parts of the year. Spring, Summer, Au¬
tumn, Winter.
The faireft flowers o’ th’feafon
Are our carnations and ftreak’d gillyflowers. Shakefp.
Then Summer, Autumn, Winter did appear;
And Spring was but a feafon of the year. Dr, den.
We faw, in fix days travelling, the feveral feafens of the
year in their beauty. Addifon on Italy.
2. A time as diftinguifhed from others.
He’s noble, wife, judicious, and beft knows
The fits o’ th'feafon. Shak. Macbeth.
Thefeafon prime for fweeteft feents and airs. Milton.
3. A fit time ; an opportune concurrence.
Atfeafon fit let her with thee partake. Milton.
All bufmefs fhould be done betimes; and there’s as little
trouble of doing it in feafon too, as out of feafon. L'Ejlrange.
For active fports, for pleafing reft,
7 his is the time to be poffeft; (.
I he beft is but in feafon beft. Dryden. J
I would indulge the gladnefs of my heart!
Let us retire: her grief is out of feafon. Philips.
1 here is nofeafon to which fuch thoughts as thefe are more
fuitable. ^ Atterbury.
1 he feafon when to come, and when to go.
To fing, or ceafe to fing, we never know. Pope.
4. A time not very long.
We’ll flip you for afeafon, but our jealoufy
Do’s yet depend. Sbakef. Cymbeline.
5. [From the verb.] That which gives a high relifh.
You lack thefajonof all natures, fleep. Shak. Macbeth.
7’o Se'ason. v. a. {affaiffonner, French.]
1. To mix with food any thing that gives a high relifh.
Every oblation of thy meat-offering {halt thou feafon with
FtF- Lev. ii. 13.
They feafoned every facrifice, whereof a greater part was
eaten by the priefts. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
For breakfaft and Tapper, milk and milk-pottage are very fit
for children ; only Jet them be feafoned with fugar. Locke.
The wife contriver,
To keep the waters from corruption free,
Mixt them with fait, and feafon d all the fea. Blacknwre.
2. To give a relifh to.
\ou JeaJon ftill with fports your ferious hours ;
For age but taft.es of pleafurcs,' youth devours. Dryden.
I he proper ufe of wit is tofeafon converfation, to reprefent
v what is praifeworthy to the greateft advantage, and to expofe
the vices and follies of men. Tillotfon.
3. To qualify by admixture of another ingredient.
Mercy is above this feepter’d fway;
It is an attribute to God lumfelf;
And earthly pow’r does then fhew likeft God’s,
When mercyJeafons juftice. Shak. Merchant of Venice.
Seafon your admiration but a while,
With an attentive ear, ’till I deliver
'T his marvel to you. Shak. Hamlet.
4. To imbue; to tinge or taint.
Whatever thing
The feythe of time mows down, devour unfpar’d,
’Till I, in man refiding, through the race
His thoughts, his looks, words, actions, all infedt,
And jeafon him thy laft and fweeteft prey. Milton's Pa. LcJJ.
Secure their religion, Jeafon their younger years with pru¬
dent and pious principles. Tay or.
Sin, taken into the foul, is like a liquor poured into a veffel; fo much of it as it fills, it alfofeafons: the touch and tinc¬
ture go together. South.
5. To fit for any ufe by time or habit; to mature:
I he crow doth fing as fweetly as the lark,
When neither is attended ; and, I think,
The nightingale, if {he fhould fing by day,
When ev’ry goofe is cackling, would be thought
No better a mufician than the wren :
How many things by feafon feafon'd are.
To their right praife and true perfection. Shakefpeare.
Who in want a hollow friend doth try,
Direclly feafons him his enemy. Shakefpeare.
We charge you, that you have contriv'd to take
From Rome all feafon d office, and to wind
Yourfelf unto a power tyrannical. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
The archers of his guard {hot two arrows every man to¬
gether againft an inch board of well jeafoned timber. Hayward.
His plenteous ftores dofeajon'd timber fend ;
Thither the brawny carpenters repair. Dryden.
A man fhould harden and feafon himfelf beyond the degree
of cold wherein he lives. * Addifon.
To Se'ason. v.n. To be mature ; to grow fit for any purpofe.
Carpenters rough plane boards for flooring, that they may
fet them by tofeafon. Rioxon s Meclr. Exerc.
bE^A sonable. adj. [fafon, French.] Opportune; happen¬
ing or done at a proper time ; proper as to time.
Mercy is Jeafonable in the time of affliction, as clouds of
rain in the time of drought. Eccluf. v. 2.
If ever it was feafonable to preach courage in the defpifed
abufed caufe ofChrift, it is now, when his truths are reformed
into nothing, when the hands and hearts of his faithful minifters are weakened. Sou'h's Sermons.
oE ason aelf.ness. n.f. [from feafonable.] Opportunenefs of
time; propriety with regard to time.
A Britifh freeholder would very ill difeherge his part, if he
did not acknowledge the excellency and feajonablenefs of thofe
laws by which his country has been recovered out of its
confufions. ' Addifon's Freeholder.
Se'asonably. adv. [fromfeafonable.] Properly with refoeeft
to time.
This is that to which I would moft earneflly, modfeafonably advife you all. _ Spratt's Sermons.
Se'asoner. n.f [from 7‘0feafon.] He who feafons or gives a
relifh to any thing.
Se'asoNing. n. f. [fromfeafon.] That which is added to any
thing to give it a relifh.
Breads we have of feveral grains, with divers kinds of
leavenings and feafonings ; fo that fome do extremely move ap¬
petites, and fome do nourifh fo as divers do live of them
altT- , , ' Bacon.
Some abound with words, without any feafoning or tafte of
matter. . Ben. Johnfan.
A foundation of good fenfe, and a cultivation of learning,
are required to give a feafoning to retirement, and make us tafte
the blcffing _ Dryden.
Political ^peculations are of fo dry and auftere a nature
that they will not go down with the publick without frequent
/"fining,. Uddijoris Freeholder.
i he publick accept a paper which has in it none of thofe
feafonings that recommend the writings which are in voo-ue
amcmg us. Addifon's Spectator.
Many vegetable fubftances are ufed by mankind as fcafonings, which abound with a highly exalted aromatick oil’ -is
thyme and favory. Arbuthnot on Aliment
Seat, n.f [fedes, Latin; fett, old German. Skinner.]
1. A chair, bench, or any thing on which one mav fir J
The fons of light ^
Hafted, reforming to the fummons liioh,
A,’nt0°,kihCir/r; r Milton's ParadtfeLoJl.
I lie lady of the leaf ordain’d a feaft, '
And made the lady of the flow’r her gueft •
When, lo, a bow’r afeended on the plain,’
ith hidden feats ordain’d, and large for either train. DryJ.
2. Chai.r
SEC
2, Chair of ftate ; throne; port of authority; tribunal.
With due obfervance of thy goodlyJeat^
Great Agamemnon, Neftor fhall fupply
Thy lateft words. Sbake/p. Troilus and Crejjida.
Thus we debafe
The nature of ourfeats, and make the rabble
Call our cares fears. Shah. Coriolanus.
Whatfoever be the manner of the world’s end, mod cer¬
tain it is an end it fhall have, and as certain that then we fhall
appear before the judgmentJeat of Chrift, that every man may
receive according to that which he hath done in his body, wheHakewill on Providenc
SEC
ce. ther it be good or evil.
3. Manfion ; refidence ; dwelling ; abode.
It were enough in reafon to fuccour with vi&uals, and
other helps, a vaft multitude, compelled by neceffity to feek a
newfeat, or to direct them unto a country able to receive
them. , Raleigh.
O earth, how like to heav’n ! if not prefer’d
Mofl juftly, feat worthier of gods, as built
With fecond thoughts, reforming what was old ! Milton:
In Alba he fhall fix his royalj'eat\
And, born a king, a race of kings beget. Dryden.
Has Winter caus’d thee, friend, to change thy feat,
And feek in Sabine air a warm retreat? Dryden.
The promis’d feat of empire fhall again
Cover the mountain, and command the plain. Prior.
4.. Situation ; fite.
The fitted and the eafieft to be drawn
To our fociety, and to aid the war.
The rather for their feat, being next borderers
On Italy. Ben. fohnfon s Catiline.
He that builds a fair houfe upon an ill feat, committeth
himfelf to prifon. Bacon.
A church by Strand-bridge, and two bifhops houfes, were
pulled down to make a feat for his new building. Hayward.
It followeth now that we find out the feat of Eden ; for in
it was Paradife by God planted. Raleigh.
To Seat. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To place on feats ; to caufe to fit down.
The guefts were no fooner feated but they entered into a
warm debate. Jrbuthnot.
2. To place in a poll of authority, or place of diftinclion.
Thus high was king Richard feated. Shah. R. III.
Not Babylon,
Nor great Alcairo, fuch magnificence
Equat’d in all their glories to infhrine
Belus or Serapis their gods, orfeat
Their kings. Milton.
A fpirit of envy or oppofition makes mankind uneafy to fee
others of the fame fpecies feated above them in a fort of per¬
fection. Pope.
3. To fix in any particular place or fituation; to fettle.
Should one family or one thoufand hold poffeffion of all the
fouthern undifeovered continent, becaufe they hadfeated themfelves in Nova Guiana. Raleigh.
By no means build too near a great neighbour, which were,
in truth, to be as unfortunately feated on the earth as Mercury
is in the heavens; for the moft part ever in combuftion, or
obfeurity, under brighter beams than his own. Wotton.
4. To fix; to place firm.
Why do I yield to that fuggeftion,
Whofe horrid image doth upfix my hair,
And make myfeated heart knock at my ribs,
Againft the ufe of nature. Shah. Macbeth.
From their foundations loofening to and fro,
They pluck’d the feated hills. Milton.
Se'award. adv. [ fea and peapb, Saxon.] Towards the fea.
The rock rufh’d feaward with impetuous roar,
Ingulf’d, and to th’ abyfs the boafter bore. Pope.
Se'cant. n.f. [fecans, Latin; fecan'e, Fr.] In geometry, the
right line drawn from the centre of a circle, cutting and
meeting with another line called the tangent without it. Dipt.
To SECE'DE. v. n. [fecedo, Latin.] To withdraw from fellowfhip in any affair.
Sece'der. n. f. [from fecedeh] One who difeovers his difapprobation of any proceedings by withdrawing himfelf.
To Sece'rn. v. a. [fecerno, Latin.] To feparate finer from
grofler matter; to make the feparation of fubftances in the
body.
Birds are commonly better meat than beafts, becaufe their
flefh doth affunilate more finely, and fecerneth more fubtilly.
Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
The pituite or mucus fecerned in the nofe and windpipe, is
not an excrementitious but a laudable humour, neceffary for
defending thofe parts, from which it is fecerned, from exco¬
riations. Jrbuthnot.
Secession, n.f. [fecejfio, Latin.]
j. The a£t of departing.
'I he acceffion of bodies upon, or feceffion thereof from the
earth’s furface, perturb not the equilibration of either hemifpherc. Brown.
2. The aft of withdrawing from councils or a&ions.
Se'cle. n.f [fiecle, French; fcculum Latin.] A century,
Of a man’s age, part he jives in his father’s life-time, and
part after hisfon’s birth; and thereupon it is wont to be faid
tiiat three generations make one fecle, or hundred years in the
genealogies. Hammond's PraEl. Catech.
To Secu/de. v. a. [ fecludo, Latin.] To confine from; to
fhut up apart; to exclude.
None isfccludecl from that function of any degree, flate, or
> calling. IVhitgifte.
Some parts of knowledge God has thouffht fit to feclude from
us, to fence them not only, as he did the interdicted tree, by
precept and commination, but with difficulties and impoffibilities. Decay of Piety.
The number of birds deferibed may be near five hundred,
and the number of fifhes, fecluding ffiell-fifh, as many; but if
the fhell-fifh be.taken in, more than fix times the number.
Ray on the Creation.
Inclofe your tender plants in your confervatory, Jecluding
all entrance of cold. Evelyn s Kalendar.
Let eaftern tvrants from the light of heaven
Seclude their bofom Haves. Thomfon.
SE’COND. n.f. [ /eccnd, French ; fccundus, Latin. It is obfervable that theEnglifh have no ordinal of two, as the Latins
and the nations deriving from them have none of duo. What
the Latins call fecundus, from fequoiy the Saxons term o];eji, or
reptepa.]
1. The next in order to the firft; the ordinal of two.
Sunk were their hearts with horror of the crime,
Nor needed to be warn’d afecond time,
But bore each other back. Dryden.
2. Next in value or dignity; inferiour.
I fhall not fpeak fuperlatively of them, left I be fufpeCted of
partiality ; but this I may truly fay, they arefecond to none in
the Chriftian world. Bacon s Jdvice to VilUers.
None I know
Second to me, or like; equal much lefs. Milton.
My eyes are ftill the fame ; each glance, each grace, T
Keep their firft luftre, and maintain their place, >
Notfecond yet to any other face. Dryden. J
Not thefe huge bolts, by which the giants flain,
Lay overthrown on the Phlegrean plain ;
’Twas of a leffer mould and lighter weight;
They call it thunder of a fecond rate. Jddifon.
By a fad train of miferies alone
Diftinguifh’d long, and fecond now to none. Pope.
Perfons of fecond rate merit in their own country, like birds
of paffage, thrive here, and fly off when their employments
are at an end. Swift.
Se'cond-hand. n.f. Poffefficn received from the firft pcffeffor.
Se'cond-hand is fometimes ufed adje&ively. Not original;
not 'primary.
Some men build fo much upon authorities, they have but a
fecond-hand or implicit knowledge. Locke.
They are too proud to cringe to fecond-hand favourites in a
great family. Swift to Cay.
^/Second-hand. In imitation; in the fecond'place of order;
by tranfmiffion ; not primarily ; not originally.
They pelted them with fatyrs and epigrams, which-perhaps
had been taken up at firft only to make their court, and at
fecond-hand to flatter thofe who had flattered their king. Temple. .
In imitation of preachers at fecond-hand, I fhall tranferibe
from Bruyere a piece of raillery. Tatier.
Spurious virtue in a maid ;
A virtue but atfecond-hand. Swift,
Se'cond. n.f [ fecond^ French ; from the adjeCtive.]
1. One who accompanies another in a duel to direCt or defend
him.
Theirfeconds minifter an oath.
Which was indifferent to them both.
That on their knightly faith and troth
No magick them fupplied ;
And fought them that they had no charms,
Wherewith to work each other’s harms,
But came with fimple open arms
To have their caufes tried. Drayton's Nymphul.
Their firft encounters were very furious, ’till after fome toil
and bloodfhed they were parted by the feconds. Jddifon.
Perfonal brawls come in as feconds to frnifh the difjmte of
opinion. . ^
2. One who fupports or maintains ; a fupporter; a mamtainer.
He propounded the duke as a main caufe ot divers inhrnu
ties in the ftate, being fure enough of feconds affir t c
onfet ft otton.
Courage, when it is only * fecond to injuftice, and falls on
without provocation, is a difadvantage to a c ai-.e c*r* !f'
3. A fecond minute, thefecond divifion of an hour b.v iixty ; the
fixtieth part .of a minute. ... , , tFour flames of an equal magnitude will be kept alive
fnacc of fixteen fecond minutes, though one ot thefe flames
alone, in the fame veffel, will not laft above twenty-five or at
SEC
Sounds move above 1140 Englifh feet in afecund minute of
time, and in feven or eight minutes of time about 100 Eng¬
lifh miles. ^ Locke.
To Se'cond. v.a. [feconder, Fr. fecundo, Lat. from the noun.]
j. To fupport3 to forward3 to affift 3 to come in after the adt as
a maintainer. •
The authors of the former opinion were prefently fecCnded
by other wittier and better learned, who being loth that the
form of church polity, which they lought to bring in, fhould
be otherwife than in the higheft degree accounted of, took
firIf an exception againft the difference between church polity
and matters of neceffity to falvation. Hooker.
Though we here fall down,
We h ave fupplies tofecond our attempt;
If they mifcarry, theirs fhalljecond them. Shak. Henry VI.
I to be the power of Ifrael’s God
Avow, and challenge Dagc n to the teft,
Off’ring to combat thee his champion bold,
With th’ utmoff of his godhead Jeconded. Milton.
Familiar Ovid tender thoughts infpires,
And naturefeconds all his foft defires. Rofcotnmon.
If in company you offer fomething for a jeff, and no body
feconds you in your laughter, you may condemn their tafte $
but in the mean time you make a very indifferent figure. Swijt.
In human works, though labour’d on with pain,
A thoufand movements fcarce one purpofe gain;
In God’s, one fingle can its ends produce,
Yet ferves to fecond too fome other ule. Pope.
2.To follow in the next place.
You fome permit
Tofecond ills with ills. Shakefpeare.
Having formerly difeourfed of a maritimal voyage, I think
it not impertinent to fecond the fame with fome necefi'ary rela¬
tions concerning the royal navy. Raleigh.
He faw his guileful a<ft
By Eve, though all unweeting, feconded
Upon her hufband. Milton's Paradije Lojl.
Sin is ufual\y jeconded with fin ; and a man feldom commits
one fin to pleafe, but he commits another to defend himfelf.
South’* Sermons.
Se'cond Sight, n.f. The power of feeing things future, or
things diftant: fuppofed inherent in fome of the Scottifh
iflanders.
As he was going out to ffeal a fheep, he was feifed with a
fit of fecondfight: the face of the country prefented him with
a wide profpeeft of new feenes, which he had never feen be¬
fore. Addifon’s Freeholder.
Se'condfighted. adj. [fromfecondfight.] Having the fecond
fight.-
Sawney was defeended of an ancient family, renowned for
their fkill in prognofticks: moft of his anceftors were fecond
fighted, and his mother but narrowly efcaped for a witch. Add.
Se'condarily. adv. [fromfccondary.] In the fecond degree;
in the fecond order 3 not primarily 3 not originally 3 not in
the firft intention.
Thefe atoms make the wind primarily tend downwards,
though other accidental caufes impel them fecondarily to a
Hoping motion. Digby.
He confefies that temples are erected, and feflivals kept, to
the honour of faints, at leaf!: fecondarily. Stillingfeet.
It is primarily generated out of the effufion of melancholick blood, orfecondarily out of the dregs and remainder of a
phlegmonous or cedematick tumour. Harvey.
Se'condariness. n.f. [fromfecondary] The Hate of beiiw
fecondary.
That which is peculiar and diferiminative, mull be taken
from the primarinefs and feccndarinefs of the perception. Norr.
SE'CONDARY. adj. [fecundarius, Latin.]
1. Not primary; not of the firft intention3 not of the firft
rate ; next to the firft.
Two are the radical differences : the fecondary differences
are as four. Bacon s hatural Hijlory.
Wherefoever there is moral right on the one hand, no fe¬
condary right can difeharge it. ~ LEfrange.
Gravitation is the powerful cement which holds together
this magnificent ftru&ure of the world, which ftretcheth the
North over the empty fpace, and hangeth the earth upon
nothing, to transfer the words of Job from the firft and real
caufe to the fecondary. Bentley.
If the fyfiem had been fortuitoufly formed by the conven¬
ing matter of a chaos, how is it conceivable that all the pla¬
nets, both primary and fecondary, fhould revolve the fame way
from the Weft to the Eaft, and that in the fame plane? Bentl.
2. A&ing by tranfmiffion or deputation.
That we were form’d then, fay’ft thou ? and the work
Of fecondary hands, by talk transfer’d
From father to his fon ? Milton’s Paradife Lof,
As in a watch’s fine machine,
Though many artful fprings are feen,
The added movements which declare
How full the moon, how old the year,
Derive their fecondary pow’r
from that which fimplypoints the hour. Prior.
v*
..SEC
3.A fecondary fever is that which arifes after a crifis, or the
difeharge of fome morbid matter, as after the decler.fion of
the fmall pox or mealies. Quincy.
Secondary, n.f. [from the adjetftive. ] A delegate; a deputy.
Secon dly, adv. [from fecond.] In the fecond place.
Firft file hath difobeyed the law, and Jecqndly trefpaffed
againft her hufband. Eccluf. xxiii 2 3.
Firft, metals are more durable thaft plants 3 and jccoody,
they are more folid and hard. Bacon.
The houfe of commons in Ireland, and, fecondly, the privy
council, addrefled his majefty againft thefe hall pence. Swift.
Se'condr ate. n.f [J'econd and rate.]
1. The fecond order in dignity or value.
They call it thunder of the fecondrate. Addifon s Ovid.
2. It is fometimes ufed adjedtively, one of the fecond order. A
colloquial licenfe.
He was not then a fecondrate champion, as they would have
him, who think fortitude the firft virtue in a hero. Hryden.
Se'crecy. n f. [fromfecret.]
1. Privacy; ftate of being hidden.
That’s not fuddenly to be perform’d,
But with advice and filentfecrecy. Shak. Henry VI.
The lady Anne,
Whom the king hath in fecrecy long married,
1 his day was view’d in open as his queen. Shakef H.VIII.
In nature’s book of infinitefecrecy,
A little can I read. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
2. Solitude; retirement
Thou in thyfecrecy, although alone,
Beft with thyfelf accompany’d, feek’ft not
Social communication. Milton’s Parad. Lof.
There is no futh thing as perfedlfecrecy, to encourage a ra¬
tional mind to the perpetration of any bale adtion 3 for a man
muft firft extinguifh and put out the great light within him,
his confcience ; he muft get away from himfelf, and fliake off
the thoufand witneffes which he always carries about him, be¬
fore he can be alone. South’s Sermons.
3. Forbearance of difeovery.
It is not with publick as with private prayer: in this rather
fee ecy is commanded than outward fiiew ; whereas that being
the publick act of a whole fociety, requireth accordingly more
care to be had of external appearance. Hooker.
4. Fidelity to a fecret; taciturnity inviolate ; clofe filence.
SE'CRET. adj. [fecret, French; Jecretus, Latin.]
1. Kept hidden; not revealed; concealed; private.
The fecret things belong unto the Lord our God ; but thofe
things which are revealed belong unto us. Deutr. xxix. 2g.
2. Retired; private; unfeen.
Thou open’ft wifdom’s way.
And giv’ft accefs, though fecret fhe retire :
And I perhaps am fecret. Milton.
3. Faithful to a fecret entrufted.
Secret Romans, that have fpoke the word.
And will not palter? Shakefp. Julius Co:far.
4. Unknown ; not difeovered : as, a fecret remedy.
5. Privy 3. obfeene.
Se'crkt. n.f. [ fecret, French ; fecretum, Latin.]
1. Something ftudiouflv hidden.
Infedled minds
To their deaf pillows will difeharge their feercts. Shakefp.
There is nofecret that they can hide from thee. Ezek. xxviii.
We not to explore thefecrets afk
Of his eternal empire. Milton.
2. A thing unknown ; fomething not yet difeovered.
All bleft Jea ets.
All you unpublifh’d virtues of the earth. Shakef. King Lear.
All fecrets of the deep, all nature’s works. Milton.
The Romans feem not to have known the fecret of papercre^‘Arbuthnot.
3. Privacy; fecrecy.
Bread eaten infecret is pleafant. Prov. ix. 17.
Infecret, riding through the air fhe comes. Mitten.
To Se'cret. v.a. [from the noun.] To keep private.
Great care is to be ufed of the clerks of the council, for the
fecreting of their confultations. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
Se'cretariship. n.f. [ fecretaire, Fr. from fecretary.] The
office of a fecretary.
Secretary, n.f [fecretaire, Fr. fecretarius, low Latin.] One
entrufted with the management of bufinefs; one who writes
for another.
Call Gardiner to me, my new fecretary. Shakef.
That which is moft of all profitable is acquaintance with
the fecretaries, and employed men of ambaffadors. Bac n
rp W3Sfecrfffjy to thTe Prince. Clarendon.
To oECRE I E. v.a. [fecretus, Latin.]
1. Toputafide; to hide.
2. [in the animal ceconomy.] To fecernj to feparate.
Secke Tion, n.J. [from ecretus, Latin.]
1. That part of the animal ceconomy that confifts in feparating
the various fluids of the body.
2. I he fluid fccreted.
Secreti'tious. adj. [from fecretus, Latin.] Parted by ani¬
mal lecretion.
2j L They
SEC SEC
They have a fimilitude or contrariety to the feeretiUom hu¬
mours in tafte and quality. Flayer on the Humours.
Se'cretist. n.f. [from fecret.] A dealer in fecrets.
Some things I have not yet thought fit fo plainly to reveal,
hot out of any enviousdefi n of having them buried with me,
but that I may barter with thofe fecretifls, that will not part
with one fecret but in exchange for another. boyle.
Se'cre-ily. adv. [fromfecret.] Privately; privily; not open¬
ly ; not publickly ; not fo as to be known.
Give him this letter, do itfecretly. Shakcfpeare.
Thofe thoughts are not wholly mine; but either they are
fecretly in the poet, or may be fairly deduced from him. Dryd.
Nowfecretly with inward grief fhe pin’d ;
Now warm refentments to his griefs he join’d. Addifon.
Some may place their chief fatisfa&ion in giving fecretly
what is to be diftributed; others, in being the open and
avowed inftruments of making fuch diftributions. Atterbury.
Se'cretness. n.f [fromfecret.']
1. State of being hidden.
2. Quality of keeping a fecret.
I could mufter up
My giants and my witches too,
Which are vaft conftancy and fecretnefs. Donne.
Se'cretory. adj. [from fecretus, Latin.] Performing the
office of fecretion.
All the glands are a congeries of vefiels complicated
together, whereby they give the blood time to feparate through
the capillary vefiels into the [ecrctory, which afterwards exone¬
rate themfelves into one dudl. 'Ray.
SECT, n.f [fedie, French ; fedia, Latin, from fediando.]
j. A body of men following fome particular mailer, or united
in fome fettled tenets. Often in a bad fenfe.
We’ll wear out,
In a wall’d prifon, packs and fedis of great ones.
That ebb and flow by th’ moon. Shakef King Lear.
The greateft viciffitude of things is the viciffitude of fedis
and religions : the true religion is built upon the rock; the reft
are tolled upon the waves of time. Bacon s EJJ'ajs.
The jealousfedis that dare not truft their caufe
So far from their own will as to the laws.
You for their umpire and their fynod take. Dryden.
The academics were willing to admit the goods of fortune
into their notion of felicity ; but no fedis of old philofophers
did ever leave a room for greatnefs. Dryden.
A J'edt of free thinkers is a fum of ciphers. Bentley.
2. In Shakefpeare it feems to be mifprinted forfet.
Of our unbitted lulls, 1 take this that you call love to be a
fedi or cion. Sbakefp. Othello.
Se'ctarism. n.f. [from fedi.] Difpofition to petty fedis in
oppofition to things eftablilbed.
Nothing hath more marks of fchifm and fedlarifm than this
prefbyterian way. King Charles.
Se'ctary. n.f [fediaire, French ; from fedlf\
1. One who divides from publick eftablilhment, and joins with
thofe diftinguilhed by fome particular whims.
My lord, you are aJedtary,
That’s the plain truth. Shakef.
Romilh catholick tenets are inconfiftent, on the one hand.
With the truth of religion profefi’ed and protefted by the church
of England, whence we are called proteftants; and the anabaptifts, and feparatifts, and fedtaries, on the other hand, whofe
tenets are full of fchifm, and inconfiftent with monarchy. Bac.
The number of fedtaries does not concern the clergy in
point of intereft or confcience. Swift.
2. A follower ; a pupil.
The fedtaries of my celeftial Ikill,
That wont to be the world’s chief ornament,
And learned imps that wont to fhoot up Hill,
They under keep. Spenfer.
Secta'tor. n.f [fediatcur, Fr. fediator, Latin.] A follower;
an imitator; a difciple.
Hereof the wifer fort and the bell learned philofophers were
not ignorant, as Cicero witnefieth, gathering the opinion of
Ariftotle and his Jedtators. Raleigh.
Se'ction. n.f. [fediion, French; fedtio, Latin.]
1. The a£t of cutting or dividing.
In the fediion of bodies, man, of all fenfible creatures, has
the fullell brain to his proportion. JVotton.
2. A part divided from the reft.
3. A fmall and diftindl part of a writing or book.
Inllead of their law, which they might not read openly,
they read of the prophets, that which in likenefs of matter
came neareft to each fediion of their law. Hooker.
The production of volatile falts I referve ’till I mention
them in another fediion. Boyle•
Without breaking in upon the connection of his language,
it is hardly poffible to give a diftinCl view of his feveral argu¬
ments in diftinCtfedlions. Locke.
Sector, n.f. [Jedieur, trench.] In geometry.
Sedior is an inftrument made of wood or metal, with a joint,
and fometimes a piece to turn out to make a true fquare,
with lines of fines, tangents, fecants, equal parts, rhumbs,
polygons, hours, latitudes, metals and folids. It is generally
ufeful in all the practical parts of the mathematicks, and par¬
ticularly contrived for navigation, furveying, aftronomy, dial¬
ling, and projeClion of the fphere. All the lines of the fedlor
can be accommodated to any radius, which is done by taking
off all divifions parallelwife, and not lengthwife; the ground
of which pradlice is this, that parallels to the bafe of any plain
triangle, bear the fame proportion to it as the parts of the legs
above the parallel do to the whole legs. Harris.
SECULAR. adj. [J'ecularis, Latin; Jeculier, French.]
1. Not fpiritual; relating to affairs of the prefent world; not
holy; worldly. ,
This in every feveral man’s aClions of common life, appertaineth unto moral; in publick and politick fecular affairs,
unto civil wifdom. Hooker.
Then {hall they feek t’ avail themfelves of names.
Places, and titles; and with thefe to join
Secular pow’r, though feigning ftill to adt
• By fpiritual. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
2. [In the church of Rome.] Not bound by monaftick rules.
Thofe northern nations eafily embraced the religion of thofe
they fubdued, and by their devotion gave great authority and
reverence, and thereby eafe to the clergy both Jecular and re¬
gular. Temple•
In France vaft numbers of ecclefiafticks, fecular and reli¬
gious, live upon the labours of others. Aadifon.
3. [Seculaire, Fr.] Happening or coming once in a fecle or century.
The fecular year was kept but once in a century. Addijm.
Secula'rity. n.f. [from jecular.] Worldlinefs ; attention to
the things of the prefent life,
Littlenefs and fecularity of fpirit is the greateft enemy to
contemplation. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
To Se'cularize. v. a. [fecularifer, Fr. from fecular. ]
' 1. To convert from fpiritual appropriations to common ufe.
2. To make worldly.
Se'cular’ly. adv. [from fecularf] In a worldly manner.
Se'cularness. n.f. [bomfecular.] Worldlinefs.
Se'cundine. n.f. [fecondines, fecondes, Fr. fecund#, viz. partes
quod nafeentem infantemfequantur. Ainfw.J The membrane
in which the embryo is wrapped; the after-birth.
The calling of the fkin is by the ancients compared to the
breaking of the fecundine, or cawl, but not rightly ; for the
fecundme is but a general cover, not Ihaped according to the
parts, but the Ikin is. Bacons Nat. Hijlory.
Future ages lie
Wrapp’d in their facred fecundine afleep. Cowley.
If the fsetus be taken out of the womb inclofed in the Jecundines, it will continue to live, and the blood to circulate. Ray*
SECU'RE. adj. [fecurus, Latin.]
1. Free from fear; exempt from terrour; eafy ; allured.
Confidence then bore thee onJecure
To meet no danger. Milton.
One maid Are had, belov’d above the reft;
Secure of her, the fecret fhe confefs’d. Dryden.
In Lethe’s lake fouls long oblivion tafte;
Of future lifefecure, forgetful of the paft. Dryden.
But thou, fecure of foul, unbent with woes ;
The more thy fortune frowns, the more oppofe. Dryden.
We live and a£l as if we were perfedtlyfecure of the final
event of things, however we may behave ourfelves. Atterbury.
The portion of their wealth they defign for the ufes of the
poor, they may throw’into one of thefe publick repofitories,
fecure that it will be well employed. Atter bury.
It concerns the moltfecure of his ftrength, to pray to God
not to expofe him to an enemy. Rogers.
2. Carelefs ; wanting caution; wanting vigilance.
3. Free from danger; fafe.
Let us not"then fufpefl our happy ftate,
As notJecure to fingle or combin’d. ATiltom
Meflapus next,
Secure of fteel, and fated from the fire.
In pomp appears. Dryden.
4. It has fometimes of before the objeiEl in all its fenfes; but
more properly from before evil, or the caufe ofevil.
Haply toofecure of our difeharge
From penalty. Milton.
Secure from fortune’s blows,
Secure of what I cannot lofe.
In my fmall pinnace I can fail. Dryden s Horace.
To Secu're. v. a. [from the adje£livc.]
1. To make certain; to put out of hazard; to ascertain.
Nothing left
That might his happy ftatefecure,
Secure from outward forefe.
I fpread a cloud before the viiftor s fight,
Suftain’d the vanquifh’d, andfecur d his nigJ >
Ev’n thenfecur’d him, when I fought with joy
The vow’d deftruaion of ungrateful 1 roy. Dryden.
Aaions have their preference, not according to the trailfient pleasure or pain that accompanies or Mows them here,
but as they ferve tofame that perfeA durable happmefs teeafter- Truth
S E D S E D
Truth and certainty are notfecured by innate principles; blit
men are in the fame uncertain floating eftate with as without
them. Locke.
That prince who fhall be fo wife as by eftablifhed laws of
liberty tofecure protection to the honeft induftry of mankind,
againft the oppreflion of power, will quickly be too hard for
his neighbours. Locke.
Deeper to wound, fhe fhuns the fight ;
She drops her arms to gain the field :
Secures her conqueft by her flight,
And triumphs when fhe feems to yield. Prior.
Nothing can be more artful than the addrefs of Ulyfles : he
fecures himfelf of a poweitul advocate, by paying an ingenu¬
ous and laudable deference to his friend. Broome.
2. To proteCt; to make fafe.
Where two or three fciences are purfued at the fame time,
if one of them be dry, as logick, let another be more enter¬
taining, to fecure the mind from wearinefs. Watts.
3. To infure.
4. To make faft.
SeCU'RELY. adv. [from fecure.] Without fear; carclefly;
without danger ; fafely. J
Love, that had now long time fecurely flept
In Venus’ lap, unarmed then and naked,
’Gan rear his head, by Clotho being waked. Spenfer.
’Tis done like HeCtor, butfecurely done,
A little proudly, and great deal mifprizing
The knight oppos’d. Sha. efp. 7roilus and Creffida.
His daring foQ fecurely him defy’d. AhIton.
A foul that can fecurely death defy.
And count it nature’s privilege to die. Dryden's Juven.
We upon our globe’s laft verge fhall go,
And view the ocean leaning on the fky ;
from thence our rolling neighbours we fliall know.
And on the lunar world fecure y pry. Dryden.
Whether any of the reafonings are inconfiflent, I fecurely
leave to the judgment of the reader. Atterbury.
Secu rement. n.f [from fecure.J The caufe of fafety; pro¬
tection ; defence.
They, like Judas, defire death ; Cain, on the contrary, grew
afraid thereof, and obtained a fecurement from it. Brown.
Secu'rti Y. n.f. [fecurtte, Fr. Jecuritas, Lat. horn, fecure.]
1. Careleflhefs ; freedom from fear.
Marvellousfecunty is always dangerous, when men will not
believe any bees to be in a hive, until they have a fliarp fenfe
of their flings. Hayward.
2. V ltious careleflhefs; confidence ; want of vigilance.
There is fcarce truth enough alive to make focieties fecure;
butfecurity enough to make fellowfhips accurft. Shakefpeare.
How fenfelefs then, and dead a foul hath he,
Which thinks his foul doth with his body die;
Or thinks not fo, but fo would have it be.
That he might fin with more fecurity. Davies.
3. Protection; defence.
If the providence of God be taken away, whatfecurity have
we againft thofe innumerable dangers to which human nature
is continually expofed ? Trllotfon.
4. Any thing given as a pledge or caution; infurance; affurance
for any thing.
When they had taken fecurity ofJafon, they let them go.
Adis xvii 9.
_ It is poflible for a man, who hath the appearance of reli¬
gion, to be wicked and an hypocrite; but it is impoflible for
a man, who openly declares againft religion, to give any reafonable fecurity that he will not be falfe and cruel. Swift.
Exchequer bills have been generally reckoned thefureft and
moft facred of all fecurities. Swift’s Examiner.
The Romans do not feem to have known the fecret of paper
credit, and fecurities upon mortgages. Arbutbnot on Coins.
5. Safety ; certainty.
Some, who gave their advice for entering into a war, al¬
leged that we fhould have no Jecurity for our trade, while Spain
was fubject to a prince of the Bourbon family. Swift.
Seda n, n.f. [fromfedes, Latin.] A kind of portable coach;
a chair.
Some beg for abfent perfons, feign them fick,
Clofe mew’d in their fedans for want of air.
And for their wives produce an empty chair. Dryden
By a tax of Cato’s it was provided, that women’s wearing
cloaths, ornament and fedan, exceeding ml. 1 s. I0 d. half¬
penny, fhould pay 30 s. in the hundred pound value. Arbuthn.
SEDei'rE. adj. [Jedatus, Latin.] Calm; quiet; ftill; un*
ruffled ; undifturbed ; ferene.
With count’nance calm and foulfedate,
ThusTurnus. , Dryden’s dEn:
Deputation carries away the mind from that calm and fe¬
date temper which is fo neceflary to contemplate truth. Watts.
Sedately, adv. [fromfedate ] Calmly; without difturbance.
I hat has moft weight with them that appears fedately to
come from their parents reafon. Locke.
EdaTRNEss. n.f. [from Jedate.] Calmnefs; tranquillity;
ieremty ; freedom from difturbance.
There is a particularfdatenefs in their converfation and be¬
haviour that qualifies them for council, with a great intrepi¬
dity that fits them for adion. Addifon on the War.
Sedentariness, n.f [fromfedentary.] The ftate of being
fedentary; inactivity.
SEDENTARY, adj. [fedentaire, French; fedentario, Italian ;
fedentarius, fromfedeo, Latin ]
1. Pafled in fitting ftill; wanting motion or adion.
A fedentary life, appropriate to all ftudents, crufhes the
bowels; and, for want of ftirring the body, fuffers the fpirita
to lie dormant. Harcey on Conjurnp'ions.
The blood of labouring people is more denfe and heavy
than of thofe who live a fedentary life. Arbuthnot.
2. Torpid; inactive; ftuggifh ; motionlefs.
'Thu fedentary earth,
That better might with far Jefs compafs move.
Serv’d by more noble than herfelf, attains
Her end without leaft motion. ALi/ton.
’T ill length of years
And fedentary numbnefs, craze my limbs
To a contemptible old age obfeure. MVtn’s Agonifles.
7 he foul, conlidered abftradedly from its paftions, is of a
remifsfedentary nature, flow in its refolves, and languiftiing
in its executions. Addifon s Sf eblatof-.
SEDGE, n.f. [raec5, Saxon; whence, in the provinces, a
narrow flag is called a fag or feg.] A growth of narrow
flags; a narrow flag
T’ one layeth for turf and forfedge. Tuffer.
The current, that with gentle murmur glides.
Thou know’ft, being flopp’d, impatiently doth rage;
But when his fair courfe is not hindered,
He makes fweet mufick with th’ enamel’d ftones.
Giving a gentle kifs to every fedge
He overtaketh in his pilgrimage;
And fo by many winding nooks he Arrays,
With willing fport, to the wild ocean. Shakefpeare,
Adonis, painted by a running brook,
And Cytherea all in fedges hid ;
Which feem to move and wanton with her breath,
Even as the vctsv'mygjedges play with wind. Shakefpeare.
In hotter countries a fly called lueciole, that fhineth as the
glow-worm, is chiefly upon fens and marfhes; yet is not
feen but in the height of Summer, and Jedge or other green of
the fens give as good fhade as bufhes. ° Bacon.
He hid himfelf in thefedges adjoining. Sandys.
My bonds I brake,
Fled from my guards, and in a muddy lake,
Amongft he/edges, all the night lay hid. Denham.
Niphates, with inverted urn,
t And drooping fedge, fhall his Armenia mourn. Dryden.
Sedgy, adj. [fromJedge.] Overgrown with narrow flags.
On the gentle Severn’s /edgy bank.
In Angle oppofition, hand to hand.
He did confound the beft part of an hour,
In changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak. H. IV.
Old father Thames rais’d up his reverend head.
But fear d the fate of Simoeis would return ;
Deep in his ooze he fought hisfedgy bed.
And fhrunk his waters back into his urn. Dryden.
Sediment, n.f [fediment, French ; Jedimentum, Lat.] That
which fubfides or fettles at the bottom.
I he fait water rifes into a kind of feum on the top, and
partly goeth into a fediment in the bottom, and fo is rather a
reparation than an evaporation. Bacon’s Nat. Hiflory.
It is not bare agitation, but thefediment at the bottom, that
troubles and defiles the water. South’s Sermons.
That matter funk not down ’till laft of all, fettling at the
furface of hefediment, and covering all the reft. Woodward.
Sed/tion. n.f [fedition, Fr. feditio, Latin.J A tumult; an
infurredion; a popular commotion; an uproar.
That funfhine brew’d a fhow’r for him,
That wafh’d his father’s fortunes forth of France,
And heap’d fedition on his crown at home. Shak. H. Vl.
In Toothing them we nourifh, ’gainft our fenate,
The cockle of rebellion, in faience, fedition. Shak. C-rio’anc
Seditious, adj. [feditieux, Fr. Jeditiojus, Latin.] Fadious
with tumult; turbulent.
7 he caufe, why I have brought this army hither.
Is to remove proud Somerfet from the king.
Seditious to his grace and to the ftate. ° Shakefr H VI.
. Very many of the nobility in Edenborough, at that time*
did not appear yet in this feditious behaviour. Clarendon.
Thou return’ll
From flight, feditious angel. jir-u
But if fhe has deform'd this earthly life
With murd’rous rapine andfeditious ftrife
In everlafting darknefs mull (he lie • *
Still more unhappy that fhe cannot die. Prior
EfcaiousUn„butt“ce. ffr0m Tumuleuoudy; with
SEtionTto7eS; "•f' Turbulence; difpofi.
. . To
S E D
To SEDU'CE v.a. [fedhco, Latin; feduire, French.] To
draw afule from the right; to tempt; to corrupt; to deprave,
to mifiead ; to deceive.
’Tis meet
That noble minds keep ever with their likes;
For who fo firm that cannot be/educ'd ? Shakejp. jul. Ceej.
Me the gold of France did not/educe.
Although I did admit it as a motive.
The fooner to efi'edt what I intended. Shakejp. H. V.
A beauty-waining and diftrefled widow.
Seduc'd the pitch and height of all his thoughts
To bale declenfion. Shake/!). R ill.
In the latter times fome fhall depart from the faith, giving
heed to/educing fpirits. i7iw.iv. I.
I fhall never gratify the fpightfulnefs of a few with any
finifler thoughts of all their allegiance, whom pious frauds
have/educed. KinS Charles.
Subtle he needs mull be who could /educe
Angels. Milton.
Nor let falCe friends/educe thy mind to fame,
By arrogating Johnfon’s hoftile name ;
Let father Flecknoe fire thy mind with praife.
And uncle Ogleby thy envy raife. Dryden.
Sedu cement. it./, [from/educe.] Pradlice of fedudlion; ait
or means ufed in order to feduce.
To feafon them, and win them early to the love of virtue
and true labour, ere any flatteringJeducement or vain principle
feize them wandering, fome eafy and delightful book of edu¬
cation fhould be read to them, Milton on Education.
Her hero’s dangers touch’d the pitying pow r.
The nymph’sfeducements, and the magick bow r. Pope.
Sedu'cer. n./. [from Jeduce.] One who draws afide from the
right; a tempter; a corrupter. '
Grant it me, O king ; otherwife a /educer flourifhes, and a
poor maid is undone. Sbake/pear e.
There is a teaching by rcfksA\xhx\g feducers, and fo removing
the hindrances of knowledge. South.
The foft/educer, with enticing looks.
The bellowing rivals to the fight provokes. Dryden.
He whofe firm faith no reafon could remove.
Will melt before that foft/educer, love. Dryden.
Sedu'ciele. adj. [from /educe. ] Corruptible; capable of
being drawn afide.
The vicious example of ages paft poifons the cuiiofity of
thefe prefent, affording a hint of fin untofeducible fpirits.
Brown s Vulg. Ei rout's.
We owe much of our errour to the power which our af¬
fections have over our fo eafy feducibie understandings. G,anv.
Sedu'ction. n. /. [ [eduffion, F r. feduldus, Latin.] The act
of feducing; the a£t of drawing afide.
Whatfoever mens faith, patience, or perfeverance were,
any remarkable indulgence to this fin, thejecludhon of Lalaam,
were fure to bring judgments. Hammond.
To procure the miferies of others in thofe extremities,
wherein we hold an hope to have no fociety ourfelves, is a
{train above Lucifer, and a projeCt beyond the primary feduction of hell. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Whereby is evident the eafy fedutfion of men, neither in¬
quiring into the verity of the fubftance, nor reforming upon
repugnance of circumftances. brown s Vulg. Err.
The deceiver foon found out this foft place of Adam s, and
innocency itfelf did not fecure him from this way of /educ¬
tion. ^ Glanv- ScePfHelen aferibes hcr/eduVion to Fenus, and mentions nothing
of Paris. .J °\{*'
A woman who is above flattery, and defpifes all prune, but
that which flows from the approbation of hei own heart, is,
morally fpeaking, out of reach of /edufrtion. _ C lari[pi.
Sedu'lity. n./. \_J,cdulitas, Latin.] Diligent afliduity ; laborioufnefs ; induflry; application; intenfenefs of endeavoui.
Man oftentimes purlues, with greatfedulity and earneflncls,
that which cannot ftand him in any ftead for vital purpofe. r Hoo}er‘
Let there be but the fame propenfity and bent o. will to
religion, and there will be the fame Jedulity and indefatigable
induflry in mens enquiries into it. South.
SE'DULOUS. adj. [Jedulus, Latin.] AfliduouS; induftrious;
laborious; diligent; painful.
- NotJedulous by nature to indite
Wars, hitherto the only argument
Heroick deem’d. Miltons Pci) adi/e Lof.
What fignifies the found of words in prayer, without the
affedion of the heart, and a/cdulous application of the proper
means that may naturally lead us to fuch an end. L'Ejlrange.
1 he goat, now bright amidft her fellow fiars,
Kind Amalthaea reach’d her teat, diftent
With milk, thy early food : the jedulous bee
Diftill’d her honey on thy purple lips. Prior.
The bare majority of a few reprefentatives is often
procured by great induflry and application, wherein thofe who
engage in the purfuits of malice are much moreJedulous than
fuch as would prevent them. Swift.
6
SEE
Se'dui.ous r.Y. adt). [from J>edulous.] Afliduoufly ; induflrioufly; laborioufly ; diligently; painfully.
The ritual, preceptive, pfophetick, and all other parts of
facred writ, were moftJcdulouJly, moll religioufly guarded by
them. Government of the Tongue.
All things by experience
Are mofl improv’d; then Jtduloify think
To meliorate thy flock, no way or rule
Be uneflay’d. Philips.
Se'dulousness. n./. [from /cdulous.'] Afliduity; afllduoufnefs; induflry; diligence.
See. n./. [ jedes, Latin.] The feat of epifcopal power; the
diocefs of a bifhop.
, You, my lord archbifhop,
Whofe Jee is by a civil peace maintain’d,
Whofe beard the filver hand of peace.hath touch’d,
Whofe learning and good letters peace hath tutor’d,
Whofe white inveftments figure innocence,
The dove and every blefled fpirit of peace;
Wherefore do you fo ill tranflate yourfelf
Out of the fpeech of peace, that bears fuch grace.
Into the harfli and boift’rous tongue of war? Shake/ H.IV.
It is a fafe opinion for their/ces, empires, and kingdoms;
and for themfelves, if they be wife. Bacon.
The pope would ufe thefe treafures, in cafe of any great
calamity that fhould endanger the holy^. Atddi/n.
Epifcopal revenues were fo low reduced, that three or four
/ees were often united to make a tolerable competency Swift.
To SEE. v. a. preter. Ijaw, part. pafl’. feen. [peon, Saxon;
/ten, Dutch.]
1. To perceive by the eye.
Dear fon Edgar,
Might I but live tofee thee in my touch,
I’d fay I had eyes again. Shake/ King Lear.
I was bowed down at the hearing of it; I was difmayed at
t\sefeeing of it. hi/, xxi. 3.
I fpeak that which I have feen with my father, and ye do
that which you havefeen with yours. Jo viii, 38.
He’ll lead the life ot gods, and be
By gods and heroesfeen, and gods and heroes fee. Dryden.
It was a right anfwer of the phyfician to his patient, that
had fore eyes ; If you have more pleafure in the tafte of wine
than in the ufe of your fight, wine is good for you; but if
the pleafure of feeing be greater to you than that of drinking,
wine is naught. Locke.
I /e her fober over a fampler. Pope.
2. Tootf-rve; to find.
Seven other kine came up, lean fieflred, fuch as T neverfaw
for badnefs. Gen. xli. 19.
Such command we had,
To/ee that none thence iflii’d forth a fpy. Milton.
Give them firft one Ample idea, and fee that they perfedly
comprehend it, before you go any farther. Locke.
The thunderbolt we fee ufed by the greateft poet of Auguftus’s age, to exprefs irtefiftible force in battle. Addi/on.
3. To difeover ; to" defery.
Who is fo grofs
As cannotfee this palpable device ?
Yet who fo bold but fays hefees it not ?
When fuch ill dealings muft be feen in thought. Shakefpeare.
4. To converfe with.
The main of them may be reduced to language, and to an
improvement in wifdom and prudence byfeeing men, and converfing with people of different tempers and cuftoms. Locke.
5. To attend; to remark.
I had a mind to/ee him out, and therefore did not care for
contradiaing him. Acldi/on s Freeholder.
To Sfe. v.n. .
1. To have the power of fight; to have by the eye perception
of things diftant.
Who maketh the feeing or the blind ? have not I the Lord ?
Ex. iv. 1 r.
Air hath fome fecret degree of light; otherwife cats and
owls could not Jee in the night. Bacon's Natural 11ifcry.
Could you Jee into nay fecret foul,
There you might read your own dominion doubled. Dryden.
2. To difeern without deception.
Many fagacious perfons will find us out, will look uncerour
mafk, and Jee through all our fine pretenlions, and difeern the
abfurdity of telling the world that we believe one thing when
\ve do the contrary. „
You may fee into the fpirit of them all, and form your pen
from thofe general notions.
3. To enquire; to diftinguifli.
See whether fear doth make thee wron^
4. To be attentive. . . rnr thr fail
Mark and perform it, feefi thou , for the tail
Of any point in’c (hall be death. Sbahfpear,.
c To fcheme ; to contrive.
Cafiio’s a proper man: let mCjee now; , „ . .. c.aiiio s 1 Shakefpeare's Othello.
To get his place. "
See.
Shakejp.
SEE
See. interjection. [Originally the imperative of the verb fee.]
Lo; look; obferve; behold.
See, fee! upon the banks of Poyne he {lands,
By his own view adjufting his commands. Halifax.
See! the foie blifs hcav’n could on all bellow,
Which who but feels can ta(le, but thinks can know ? Pope.
See what it is to have a poet in your houfe. Pope.
SEED, n.f [r»b, Saxon; feed, Danilh; facd, Dutch.]
j. The organifed particle produced by plants aqd animals, from
which new plants and animals are generated.
]f you can look into the feeds of time,
And fay which grain will grow and which will not,
Speak then to me. Shakefpcare's Macbeth.
Seed of a year old is the bell, though fome feed and grains
laft better than others. Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory.
'I hat every plant has its feed is an evident fign of divine
providence. ~ More.
Did they ever fee any herbs, except thofe of the grafsleaved tribe, come up without two feed leaves ; which to me
is an argument that they came all of feed, there being no reafon elfe why they fnould produce two feed leaves different from
the fubfequent. Ray.
Juft gods !, all other things their like produce;
The vine arifes from her mother’s juice:
When feeble plants or tender flow’rs'decay,
They to theirfeed their images convey. Prior.
In the fouth part of Staffordftiire they go to the north for
feed corn. Mortimer.
2. Firft principle; original.
The feed of whatfoever perfect virtue groweth from us, is
a right opinion touching things divine. Hooker.
3. Principle of production.
Praife of great adts he fcatters as a feed.
Which may the like in coming ages breed. JValler.
4. Progeny ; offspring; defendants. .
Next him king Lear in happy peace long reign’d ;
But had no iffue male him to fucceed.
But three fair daughters, which were well uptrain’d
In all that feemed fit for kinglyfeed. dairy Cfueen.
The thing doth touch
The main of all your flates, your blood, yourfeed. Daniel.
When God gave Canaan to Abraham, he thought fit to put
hisfeed into the grant too. Locke.
5. Race; generation; birth.
Of mortalfeed they were not held.
Which other mortals fo excci’d ;
And beauty too in fuch excefs.
As your’s, Zelinda! claims no lefs. Waller.
To Seed. v. n. [from the noun.] To grow to perfeCl matu¬
rity fo as tofhed the feed.
Whate’er I plant, like corn on barren earth.
By an equivocal birth,
Seeds and runs up to poetry. Swift.
They pick up all the old roots, except what they defisjn for
feed, which they let Hand to feed the next year. Mortimer.
Se'edcake. n. f. [Jetd and cake ] A fweet cake interfperfed
with warm aromatick feeds.
Remember, wife,
Thefeedcake, the parties, and furmenty pot. Puffer.
Seedlip. \ n.f A veffel in which the fower carries his
Seedlop. J feed. Ainfworth.
Se'edpearl. n.f. [feed and pearl.] Small grains of pearl.
In the diffolution offeedpearl in fome acid menftruum, if a
good quantity of the little pearls be cart in whole, they will be
carried in fwarms from the bottom to the top. Bo\le.
Se'edplot. n.f. [feed and pht.] The ground on which plants
are fowed to be afterwards tranfplanted.
To counfel others, a man muft be furnifhed with an univerfal ftore in himfelf to the knowledge of all nature : that is
the matter andJeedplot; there are the feats of all argument and
invention. . Ben Jdhnfm.
Humility is a feedplot of virtue, efpecially Chriftian,
which thrives bell when ’tis deep rooted in the humble
lowly heart. Hammond.
It will not be unufeful to prefent a full narration of this re¬
bellion, looking back to thofe paffages by which the feedplots
were made and framed, from whence thofe mifebiefs have
fucceflively grown. . Clarendon.
Se'edtime. n.f. [feed and time. ] The feafon of fowing.
While the earth remaineth, feedtime and harveft {haft not
ceafe. _ Gen. viii. 22.
If he would have two tributes in one year, he muft give
them two feedtimes, and two harvefts. Bacon.
The firft rain fell upon the feedtime about October, and was
to make the feed to root; the latter was to fill the ear. Brown.
Their veryfeedtime was their harveft, and by lowing tares
they immediately reaped gold. Decay of Piety.
Day and night.
Seedtime and harveft, heat and hoary froft.
Shall hold their courfe, ’till fire purge all things. Milton.
He that too curioufiy obferves the face of the heavens, by
milling hisfeedtime, will lofe the hopes of his harveft. Attcrb.
SEE
Se'edling: n.f. [from feed.] A young plant juft rifen frorii
the feed.
Carry into the fhade fuch feedlings or plants as are for theif
choicenefs referved in pots. Evelyn's Kalendar.
Se/edness. n.f. [from feed.] Seedtime; the time of fowing,
Blofloming time
From thefeednefs the bare fallow brings
To teeming foyfon. Shakef Meafurefor Meafute.
Se'edsman. n.f. [feed and man.] The fower; he that fcat¬
ters the feed.
The higher Nilus fwells
The more it promifes: as it ebbs, thefeedfnan
Upon the llime and ooze fcatters his grain,
And fhortly comes to harveft. Shak. Ant. andCleopat.
See'dy. adj. [from feed.] Abounding with feed.
See'ing. n.f [fromfee.] Sight; vifion.
Love adds a preciousJaing to the eye. Skakcfpeare.
Se f/ing. \adv. [vii que, French ; from fee. It would be
See'ing that. .) more grammatically written, as in French,
fecn that, or provided that.] Since; fith; it being fo that.
Why fhould not they be as well victualled for fj long time,
as the (hips are ufually for a year, feeing it is eafier to keep
victuals on land than water ? Spenfer on Ireland.
How fhall they have any trial of his doCtrine, learning;
and ability to preach, feeing that he may not publickly either
teach or exhort, becaufe he is not yet called to the miniftry ? Whitgifte.
Seeing every nation affords not experience and tradition
enough for all kind of learning, therefore we are taught the
languages of thofe people who have been moft induftrious af¬
ter wifdom. Milton on Education.
Seeing they explained the phenomena of vifion, imagina¬
tion, and thought, by certain thin fleeces of atoms that flow
from the furfaces of bodies, and by their fubtlety penetrate
any obftacle, and yet retain the exadi lineaments of the feveral
bodies from which they proceed : in confequence of this hypothelis they maintained, that we could have no phantafy of
any thing, but what did really fubfift either intire or in its
feveral parts. Bentley's Sermons.
To SEEK. V. a. pret. Ifought-, part. paff. fought, [pecan, Sax.
foecken, Dutch.]
1. To look for; to fearch for.
He did range the town tofeek me out. Shakefpeare.
I have a venturous fairy, that fhall feek
The fquirrel’s hoard, and fetch thee thence new nuts. Shak.
Becaufe of the money returned in our facks, are we brought
in, that he mayfeek occafion againft us, and take us for bondmcn- Gen. xliii. 18:
Hefeeketh unto him a cunning workman, to prepare a gra¬
ven image. jjt xL 20>
Seek thee a man which may go with thee. Pob. v. 3.
T he king meant not tofeek out nor to decline fighting with
them, if they put themfelves in his way. °Clarendon.
Sweet peace, where do’ft thou dwell ?
I humbly crave,
Let me once know ;
Ifought thee in a fecret cave,
And alk’d if peace were there. » Herbert.
So fatal ’twas to feek temptations out!
Moll confidence has ftill moft caufe to doubt. Dryden.
Wo mufffeek out fome other original of power for the go¬
vernment of politicks than this of Adam, or elfe there will be
none at all in the world. Locke.
2. Tofolicit; to endeavour to gain. *
Others tempting him, fought of him a fign. Lu. xi. 16.
1 he young lions roar after their prey, and feek their meat
from God. P/civ. 21.
God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares;
And not moleft us, unlefs we ourfelves
Seek them with wandering thoughts. Milton.
Oft our alliance other lands defir’d.
And what we feek of you, of us requir’d. Dryden.
3. T o go to find. J
Let usfeedeath, or, he not found, fupply
H!soffice- , , baton.
Dardanus, though bom
On Latian plains, yetfought the Phrygian fhore. Dryden;
Like fury feiz’d the reft ; the progrefs known,
AWjeek the mountains, and forfake the town. Dryden
Since great Ulyffesfought the Phrygian plains; J
’Within thefe walls inglorious filence reigns. pote
Indulge one labour more, ° *
Andfeek Atrides on the Spartan (bore. poU
4. To purfue by fecret machinations. ^ '
I had a fon,
Now oudaw’d from my blood ; htfought my life. Shakefp.
To S?ek SaU W3S C°me °Ut t0feek his^ife- 1 Sa- xx“i*
1. To make Raich; to make inquiry; to endeavour.
0 * lc book of the Lord, and read. If. xxxivi
uy mould he mean me jll, orfeek to harm ? Milton.
23 M Afc
SEE SEE
f
Afie not what pains, nor furtherfeek to know
T heir procefs, or the forms of law below. Dryden;
I have been forced to relinquifh that opinion, and have en¬
deavoured to feek after fome better reafon. Addifon s Spiffat.
2. To make purfuit.
Violent men have fought after my foul. Pf lxxxvi. 14,
If thy brother’s ox or fheep go aftray, it fhall be with thee
until thy brother feek after it. Deut. xxii. 2.
3. To apply to; to ufe folicitation.
All the earth fought to Solomon, to hear his wifdom. J K.
Unto his habitation fhall ye feek, and thither thou (halt
come. Deutr. xii. 5.
4 To endeavour after.
Being a man of experience, he wifhed by wifdcm to order
that which the young prince fought for by war. Knollcs1
T'o Seek. [An adverbial mode of fpeech.] Atalofs; without
meafures,1 knowledge, or experience.
Being brought and transferred from other ferviccs abroad,
though they be of good experience in thofe, yet in thefe they
will be new to feek; and before they have gathered experience,
they fhall buy it with great lofs to his majeffy. Spenfer.
Unpradfis’d, unprepar’d, and ftill to feek. Milton.
But they mifplace them all;
And are as much tofeek in other things.
As he that only can defigii a tree,
Would be to draw a fhipwreck. Rofcommon.
Seeker, n.f [fromfeek.] One that feeks; an inquirer.
Though I confefs that in philofophy I’m afeeker, yet can¬
not believe that a fceptick in philofophy muft be one in divi¬
nity. Glanv.
A language of a very witty volatile people, feekers after no¬
velty, and abounding with variety of notions. Locke.
See'ksorrow. n.f [feek andforrow.] One who contrives to
give himfelf vexation.
Afield they go, where many lookers be,
And thoufeekforrow, Klaius, them among:
Indeed thou faidft it was thy friend to fee,
Strephon, whofe abfence feem’d unto thee long. Sidney.
To Seel. v. a. [jceller, to feal, French.] To clofe the eyes.
A term of falconry, the eyes of a wild or haggard hawk
being for a time feeled or clofed.
Now fhe brought them to fee a feeled dove, who the blinder
fhe was, the higher fhe ftrave. Sidney.
As gentle hind, whofe fides with cruel fteel
Through lanced, her bleeding life does rain ;
While the fad pang approaching fhe does feel,
Brays out her lateft breath, and up her eyes doth feel. F.
Mine eyes no more on vanity fhall feed.
Butfeeled up with death fhall have their deadly meed. F. j^.
Come, feeling night.
Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Some ambitious men feem as fereens to princes in matters of
danger and envy; for no man will take fueh parts, unlefs he
be like the feeled dove, that mounts and mounts, becaufe he
cannot fee about him. Bacon.
Since, blinded with ambition, he did foar
Like afeeled dove, his crime fhall be his punifhment,
To be depriv’d of fight. Denham’s Sophy.
To SEel. v.n. [j-yllan, Saxon.] To lean on one fide.
When a fhip feels or rowls in foul weather, the breaking
loofe of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh.
See'ly. adj. [from peel, lucky time, Saxon.]
1. Lucky; happy.
Myfeely fheep like well below.
For they been hale enough and trow.
And liken their abode. Spenfer.
2. Silly; foolifh; fimple. Spenfer.
Peacock and turkie, that nibbles off top,
Are very ill neighbours to feely poor hop. Duffer.
To SEEM. v.n. [fembler, French; unlefs it has aTeutonick
original, asfeemly certainly has.]
j. To appear; to make a fhow ; to have femblance.
My lord, you’ve loft a friend, indeed ;
And I dare fwear, you borrow not that face
Offeeming Sorrow; it is fure your own. Shakefp. H. IV.
Speak: we will not truft our eyes
Without our ears: thou art not what thou feem’ft. Shakef.
So fpake th’ Omnipotent; and with his words
Allfeem’d well pleas’d; all feem’d, but were not all. Milton.
In holy nuptials ty’d ;
A feeming widow, and a fee ret bride. Dryden.
Obferve the youth
Alreadyfeems to fnuff the vital air. Dryden s fEn.
2. 1 o have the appearance of truth.
It feems to me, that the true reafon why we have fo few
verfions which are tolerable, is becaufe there are fo few who
have all the talents requifitc for tranflation. Dryden.
7. In Shakefpeare, to feem, perhaps fignifies to be beautiful.
Sir, there fire hands :
If aught within that little feeming fubflance
May fitly like your grace.
She’s there, and fhe is your’s, Shakefp. King Lear.
4. A Seems. A phrafe hard to be explained. It fometimes
fignifies that there is an appearance, though no reality; 'but
generally it is ufed ironically to condem the thing mentioned,
like the Latin fcilicet, or the old Englifh forfocth. Id mihi
datur vegotii fcilicet. This, it feems, isio lerpytafk.
I he earth by thefe, ’tis faid,
1 his fingle crop of men and women bred ;
Who, grown adult, fo chance, itfans, enjoin’d,
Did male and female propagate. Bla.kmore’s Creation.
5. It is fometimes a flight affirmation.
A prince of Italy, itJeems, entertained his miflrefs upon a
great lake. Addifon s Guardian.
*1 he raven, urg’d by fuch impertinence,
Grew paflionate, itfeems, and took offence. Addifon.
He had been a chief magiftrate; and had, itfeems, exe¬
cuted that high office juftly and honourably. Atterlury.
It feems that when firft I was difeovered fleeping on the
ground, the emperor had early notice. Gulliver.
6. it appears to be.
Here’s another difeontented paper.
Found in his pocket too ; and this, itfeems,
Rodorigo meant t’ have fent. Shakefp. Othello.
Itfeems the camel’s hair is taken by painters for the fkin
with the hair on. Brown's Vulgar Brrours.
Se'e'mer. n.f. [from feemf\ One that carries an appearance.
Angelo fcarce confeffes
That his blood flows, or that his appetite
Is more to bread than flone: hence fhall wre fee.
If pow’r change purpofe, what our feemers be. Shakefpeare.
See'ming. n.f [fromfeem.]
1. Appearance; fhow; femblance.
All good feeming,
By thy revolt, oh hufband, fhall be thought
Put on for villainy. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Give him heedful note;
And, after, we will both ourjudgments join
In cenfure of hisfeeming. Shak. Hamlet.
2. Fair appearance.
For you there’s rofemary and rue ; thefe keep
Seeming and favour all the Winter long. Shakefpeare.
3. Opinion.
Nothing more clear unto theirfeeming, than that a new Jerufalem, being often fpoken of in Scripture, they undoubtedly
were themfelves that new Jerufalem. Hooker.
His perfuafive words impregn’d
With reafon to herfeeming.
See'mingly. adv. [from feeming.'] In
in femblance.
To this her mother’s plot,
She, feemingly obedient, likewife hath
Made promife to the do£lor. Shak. Merry TVives ofJVindf
They to their viands fell, notfeemingly
The angels, nor in miff. Milton.
I have touched upon them, though feeoningly collateral to
my fcope; and yet I think they are more than Jecmingly fo,
fince they pertinently illuftrate my defign. Glanv. Scepf.
The city dame was fo well bred, asfeemingly to take all in
good part. L’EJlrange.
The king and haughty emprefs, to our wonder.
If not aton’d, yet feemingly at peace. Dryden.
This the fatherJee?mngly complied with; but afterwards re¬
filling, the foil was likewife fet afide. Addifon s Freeholder.
They depend often on remote and feemingly difproportioned
caufes. Atterbury.
Ser'mingness. n.f. [from feeming.] Plaufibility; fair ap¬
pearance.
TheJeemingnefs of thofe reafons perfuades us on the other
fide. - Digby.
Seemliness. n.f. [from feemly.] Decency; handfomenefs;
comelinefs; grace; beauty.
V/hen fubflantialnefs combineth with delightfulnefs, feernlinefs with portlinefs, and currentnefs with ftayednefs, how can
the language found other than full of fweetnefs ? Camden.
SEE'MLY. adj. [foommeligt, Danilh, from foome, Iflandick,
honour or decency.] Decent; becoming; proper; fit.
Sufpence of judgment and exercife of charity were fafer and
feemlier forChriftian men, than the hot purfuit of thefe controverfies. Hooker.
I am a woman, lacking wit
To make a feemly anfwer to fuch perfons. Shakef. H. \III.
The wife fafeft and feemlieji by her hufband flays. Milton.
May we enjoy
Our humid products, and with feemly draughts
Enkindle mirth and hofpitable love. uimps.
See'mly. adv. [from the adjective.] In a decent manner,
a proper manner. „ , A ,
There, feemly rang’d in peaceful order, flood
Ulyffes’ arms, now long difus’d to blood.
Seen. adj. [from fee.] Skilled; verfed.
Pctruchio {half offer me, difguis d in fober robes,
To old Baptifta as a fi hoolmafter
Wellfern in mufick.
appearance:
Milton.
in fhow 5
in
Pope.
S E I S E L
Drydcn,
J
Noble Boyle, not lefs in nature feen+
Than his <*reat brother read in fdates and men,
O _
Se'er. n.f. [from fee.J
1. One who fees.
We are in hopes that you may prove a dreamer qf dreams,
and a feer of vifions. Addifon's Spectator.
2. A prophet; one who forefees future events.
How foon hath thy prediddion, Jeer btoft!
Meafur’d this tranfient world the race of time,
'Till time Hand fix’d ? Milton's Paradije LoJl> b. xii.
By day your frighted feers
Shall call for fountains to exprefs their tears.
And wifh their eyes were Hoods : by night from dreams
Of opening gulphs, black {forms, and raging flames.
Starting amaz’d, (hall to the people fhow
Emblems of heav’nly wrath and mylfick types of woe> Pri.
See'rwood. n.f. See Sr: arwood. Dry wood.
Caught, like dry Hubble fir’d, or like fearwood;
Yet from the wound enfu’d no purple flood,
But look’d a bubbling mafs of frying blood. Dryden.
See'saw. n.f. \ftom fail'.] A receprocating motion.
His wit all feej'aw, between that and this;
Now high, now low, now matter up, now mifs.
And he himfelf one vile antithefis. Pope.
To See's aw. v.n. \fsamJaw.] To move with a reciprocating
motion.
Sometimes they were like to pull John over, then it went
all of a fudden again on John’s fide ; fo they went feefawing
up and down, from one end of the room to the other. Arbut.
To SEETH. v. a. preterite Ifad or feethed; part. paff. fodden.
[ yeoaan, Saxon; Joeden, Dutch.] To boil; to decoct in hot
liquor.
The Scythians ufed tofeetb the fiefh in the hide, and fo do
the northern Irifh. Spenfer.
Go, fuck the fubtite blood o’ th’ grape,
’Till the high feverfeetb your blood to froth,
And fo Tcape hanging. Shakefpeare's Timon.
Set on the great pot, and feetb pottage for the Tons of the
prophets. 2 Kings iv.
To Seeth. v. n. To be in a Hate of ebullition; to be hot.
The boiling baths at Cairbadon,
Which J'eeib with fecret fire eternally'.
And in their entrails, full of quick brimffon,
Nourifh the flames, which they are warm’d upon. Fa. §)u.
I will make a complimental aflault upon him; for my bulinefsfeeths. Shakef. Troilus and Crejfida.
Lovers and madmen have theirfeething brains.
Such firaping fantafies, that apprehend
More than cool reafon ever comprehends. Shakefpeare.
The prieft’s fervant came, while the fiefh wTas in feething,
with a fiefh-hook, and {tuck it into the pan. 1 Sa. ii. (3.
See'ther. n.f. [fromfeetb.] A boiler ; a pot.
The fire thus form'd, file fets the kettle on;
Like burnifh’d gold the littlefeether fhone. Dnden.
Se'gmhnt. n.f [Jegment, French; fegmentum, Lat.] A figure
contained between a chord and an arch of the circle, or fo
much of the circle as is cut off by that chord.
Even unto a parallel fphere, and fuch as live under the poles
for half a year, fome fegrnents may appear at any time, and
under any quarter, the fun not fetting, but walking round.
Brown's Vulgar Errours'.
Theirfegments or arcs, which appeared fo numerous, for
the mod part exceeded not the third part of a circle. Newton.
Se'gnity. n.f. [from fegnis> Latin.J Sluggifhnefs; inaddivi*y. " Dia.
To SE'GREGATE. v.a. [fegrego, Latin; fegreger, French.]
To fet apart; to feparate from others.
Segregation, n.f. [fegregation, Fr. from fegregate.] Sepa¬
ration from others.
What fhall we hear of this ?
*-Afegregation of the 1 urkifh fleet;
For do "but ftand upon the foaming fhore,
T he chiding billows feem to pelt the clouds. Sbak. Othello.
Seigneu rial. adj. [from feignior. J Invefled with laroe
powers ; independant. a
Thofe lands wertfeigneurial. Temple.
SEIGNIOR. n.J. [from femor, Latin ; feigneur^ Fr.] A lord.
The title of honour given by Italians.
Se'igniory. n.f. [feigneurie, Fr. from feignior.] A Iordfhip ;
a territory. ’
O'Neal never had anyfeigniory over that country, but what
by incroachment he got upon the EngUfh. Spenfer.
Were you not reftor’d
To all the duke of Norfolk’sfeigniories ? Sbakefp. H. IV.
Hofea, in theperfon of God, fayeth of the Jews, they have
reigned, but not by me ; they have fet a Jeigniory over themfelves: which place proveth plainly, that there are govern¬
ments which God doth not avow. Bacon.
William Marfhal, earl of Pembroke; being lord of all
Leinfter, had royal jurifdiddion throughout that province, and
every one of his five fom enjoyed thatfeigniory fuccellively.
Davies on Ireland.
Seignorage, n.f. [feigneuriage, Fr. from feignior.] Autho¬
rity ; acknowledgment of power.
They brought work to the mint, and a part of the money
coined to the crown forfeignerage. Locke.
To Se'icnorise. v.a. [fromfeignior.] To lord over.
As fair he was as Cythcrea’s make,
As proud as he thatfignorifeth hell. Fairfax.
SEINE, n.f. [yejne, Saxon; feine,fenne,feme, French.] Amt
ufed in fifhing.
They have cock-boats for paflengers, and fine boats for
taking of pilchards. Carow.
Se'iner. n. f. [fromfeine.] A fifher with nets.
Seiners complain with open mouth; that thefe drovers work
much prejudice to the commonwealth of fifhermen, and reap
fmall gain to themfelves. Carew's Survey ofCornwal.
To SEIZE, v. a. [faifr, French.]
1. To take pofleflion of; to grafp; to lay hold on ; to fallen on:
In her fad breaft the prince’s fortunes rowl,
And hope and doubt alternate feize her foul. Pope.
2. To take forcible pofleflion of by law.
An efeheator of London had arrefted a clothier that was
outlawed, andfeized his goods. Camden.
It was judged by the highefl: kind of judgment, that he
fhould be banifhed, and his whole eftate confifcated andfeizedt
and his houfes pulled down. Bacon.
3. To make poflefled.
So th’ one for wrong, the other ftriveS for.right:
As when a griffin, J'eized of his prey,
A dragon fierce encount’reth in his flight.
Through wildefl: air making his idle way. Fa. fijueen.
So Pluto, feiz'd of Proferpine, convey’d
To hell’s tremenduous gloom th’ affrighted maid,
There grimly finil’d, pleas’d with the beauteous prize.
Nor envy’d Jove his funfhine and his fkies. Addif. Cato.
To Seize, v n. To fix the grafp or the power on any thing.
Faireft Cordelia,
Thee and thy virtues here Ifeize upon :
Be’t lawful I take up what’s caft away ? Sbakefp. K. Lear.
Where there is a defign of fupplanting, that neceflarily re¬
quires another of accufing: even Jezebel projedds not to feize
onNaboth’s vineyard without a precedent charge. Dec. ofPiety.
Se izin, n. f. [faifine, French,]
1. [In law.] Is of two forts: feifin ih faff, and feifin in law:
Seiftn in fadd, is when a corporal pofleflion is taken: feifin in
law, is when fomething is done which the law accounteth a
\eijin, as an inrolment. This is as much as a right to lands
and tenements, though the owner be by wrong difleized of
them. Cowel.
2. The add of taking pofleflion.
Every indulged fin gives Satan livery andfeifin of his heart,
and a power to difpofe of it as he pleafes. Decay of Piety.
Seifin is the fame in the canon law as livery and feifin at the
common law. Ayliffe'sParergon.
3. The things poflefled.
Many recoveries were had as well by heirs as fucceflors of
thefeizin of their predeceflors. Hale.
Se'izure. n.f. [fromjbize.]
1. The add of feizing.
2. The thing feized.
Sufficient that thy pray’rs are heard, and death.
Then due by fentence when thou did’ft tranfgrefs.
Defeated of hisfelzure, many days
Giv’n thee of grace. Milton s Paradfe Lojl.
3. The add of taking forcible pofleflion.
Thy lands, and all things that thou do’fd call thine.
Worthfeizure, do we feize into our hands. Shakefpeare.
In the general town he maintained a feizure, and pofleflion
of the whole. JVotton.
Henry continued to burn proteftants, after he had cafd off
the pope; and hisfeizure of ecclefiaftical revenues cannot be
reckoned as a mark of the church’s liberty. Sivijt.
4. Gripe ; pofleflion.
And fhall thefe hands, fo lately purg’d of blood.
Unyoke thisfeizure, and this kind regreet? Shakefpeare;
Make o’er thy honour by a deed of truft.
And give mefeizure of the mighty wealth. Dryden.
5. Catch.
Let there be no fudden feizure of a lapfed fyllable to play
upon it. Watts.
Se'lcouth. adj. [ yelb; rare, Sax. and coutht known.] Un¬
common. Spenjer. The fame with uncouth.
SF/LDOM. adv. [yelban, rarely; yel&op, more rarely; yelboyt, molt rarely. Selnan is fuppofed to be eontradded from
yelaa?n, or yelb; rare, and Jjyaenne, when, Saxon. Seldeny
Dutch; ftltan, German.] Rarely; not often; not fre¬
quently.
Wifdom and youth are feidem joined in one ; ahd the ordi¬
nary courfe of the world is more according to Job’s obfervsttion, who giveth men advice to feek wifdom amongft the an¬
cients, and in the length of days undei handing. Hooker.
7 *iere ls tri]e j°y conveyed to the heart by preventing grace,
which pardoning grace feldom gives. South's Sermons.
Wher*
S E L
Where the flight of fancy is managed with good judgment,
the Jeulomer it is ieen it is the more valuable. Grew.
Se ldomness. n.f. [from feldom.J Uncommonnefs; infre¬
quency; rarenefs; rarity. Little ufed.
Degrees of well-doing there could be none, except perhaps
inthejeldomnefs and oftennefs of doing well. Hooker.
Se'ldshown. adj. [feld and Jhown. J Seldom exhibited to
view.
Seldjhown flamins
Do prefs among the popular throngs. Shake/p. Coriolanus.
To SELECT. ij. a. [feleflus, Latin.] To chufe in preference
to others rejected.
The footmen,felefied out of all the provinces, were greatly
diminifhed, being now fcarce eight thoufand ftrong. Knolles.
The pious chief
A hundred youths from all his train fe’cfls. Drydcn.
Sele'ct. adj. [from the verb.] Nicely chofen ; choice; culled
out on account of fuperiour excellence.
To the nuptial bow’r
I led her, -blufhing like the morn: all heav’n,
And happy conftellations, on that hour
Shed theirJ'elefleJi influence. Milton's Parad. Lojl.
Selekl from vulgar herds, with garlands gay,
A hundred bulls afeend the facred way. Prior.
Selection, n.f. [felediio, Lat. from felefi.] The act of
culling or chufing; choice.
While we fmgle out feveral difhes, and reje£ others, the
feletlion feems but arbitrary. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Select vess. n.f. [from JeleEt.~\ The ftate of being feledt.
Selector, n.f [fromfelett] He who fele&s.
Selenogr a'phical. I adj [felenographique, Fr. fromfelenograSelenograThick. 3 fhy\ Belonging to felenography.
Sele'nography. n.f [felenographie^Fr. c-fArftrj and ygottya.]
A defeription of the moon.
Hevelius, in his accurate fe'cnogra[hy, or defeription of the
moon, hath well tranflated the known appellations of regions,
feas, and mountains, unto the parts of that luminary. Brown.
SELb. pronoun, plur.Jelves. [ftlba, Gothick ; rylp, rylpa, Sax.
felf,felve, Dutch.]
i. Its primary fignilication feems to be that of an adjedtive :
very; particular; this above others; fometimes, one’s own.
Shoot another arrow thatfelf way
Which you did fhoot the firft. Shakefp. Merch. of Ven.
The cruel minifters, byfelf and violent hands,
Took oft' her life. Shakefpearb.
On thefe fef hills the air is fo thin, that it is not fufficient
to bear up the body of a bird. Raleigh.
At thatfelf moment enters Palamon
The gate of Venus. Dryden.
1. It is united both to the perfonal pronouns, and to the neu¬
tral pronoun it, and is always added when they are ufed reci¬
procally, or return upon themfelves : as, J did not hurt him,
he hurt himfelf; the people hi/s me, but I clap myfelf; thou lovejl
thyfelf, though the world/corns thee.
Self is that confcious thinking thing, which is fenfible or con¬
scious of pleafure and pain, capable of happinefs and mifery,
and fo is concerned for itjelf, as far as that confeioufnefs ex¬
tends. _ Locke.
3. It is fometimes ufed emphatically in the nominative cafe : as,
tnyfelf will decide it; I myfelf will come; himfelffhall revenge
it. 1 his ufe offelf thus compounded, without the pronoun
perfonal, is chiefly poetical.
4. Compounded with him, a pronoun fubftantive, felf is in ap¬
pearance an adjedlive: joined to my, thy, our, your, pronoun
adjetftives, it‘feems a fubftantive. Even when compounded
with him it is at laft found to be a fubftantive, by its variation
in the plural, contrary to the nature of Englifh adjedlives, as
himfelj, themfelves.
5.. Myfelf, himfelf themfelves, and the reft, may, contrary to
the analogy of my, him, them, be ufed as nominatives.
6. Jt often adds only emphafis and force to the pronoun with
which it is compounded.
Next to the knowledge of God, this knowledge of our
felves feems mod worthy of our endeavour. Hale.
T. he fondnefs we have for felf, and the relation which other
things have to ourJelves, furnifhes another Jong rank of pre¬
judices. . . Watts.
7- It fignifies the individual, as fubje£t to his own contem¬
plation or a£lion.
I he fpark of noble courage now awake.
And ftrive your excellentJ'elf to excel. Fairy K/ucen.
Since confeioufnefs always accompanies thinking, and it is
that that makes every one to be what he callsfelf and thereby
diltinguifhes himfelf from all other thinking things; in this
a one conftfts perfonal identity, i. c. the famenefs of a rational
being. Locke
It is by the confeioufnefs it has of its prefent thoughts and
actions, that it isJelf to itfelf now, and fo will be the fame
felf as ar as the fame confeioufnefs can extend to actions part
or to come. .. _ Locke>
8. It is much ufed in compofition, which it is proper to explain
6
S E L
by a train of examples. It is to be obferved, that its compo¬
fition in Shakefpeare is often harfh.
Then held the her tongue, and caft down a felf accufing
look, finding that in her felf fhe had Ihot out of the bow of
her aftedlion a more quick opening of her mind, than fhe
minded to have done. Sidney.
Alas! while we are wrapt in foggy mift
Of ourfef-love, fo paflions do deceive,
We think they hurt when moft they do aflift. Sidney.
’ Till Strephon’s plaining voice him nearer drew,
Where by his words hisJelf-like cafe he knew. Sidney.
Ah ! where was firft that cruel cunning found.
To frame of earth a veftel of the mind.
Where it fhould be to /f/Tdeftruction bound ? Sidney.
Before the door fatye/y-confuming care,
Day and night keeping wary watch and ward. Fa. Vfueen.
My ftrange and Jelf-abufe.
Is the initiate fear that wants hard ufe. Shakef Macbeth.
I have heard fo much,
And with Demetrius thought t’ have fpokc thereof;
But being over-full of fclf-affairs,
My mind did iofe it. Shakejp. Midjum. Night's Dream.
Nor know I aught
By me that’s faid or done amifs this night,
Unlefsfef-charity be fometimes a vice.
And to defend ourfelves it be a fin.
When violence aflails us. Shakefpeare's Othello.
He walks, and thatfelf chain about his neck,
Which he forfwore. Shakefpeare.
It is in my power, in one fef-bom hour,
To plant and o’erwhelm cuftom. Shakejp. Winter’s Tale.
His treafons wid fit blufhing in his face.
Not able to endure the fight of day.
But yi7/-afFnghted tremble at his fin. Shak. Rich. II.
The ftars above us govern our conditions;
Elfe one fef-mate and mate could not beget
Such different iftues. Shakefpeare.
I’m made of thatfef-metal as my filler,
And prize me at her worth. Shak. King Lear.
In my fchool-days, when I had loft one fhaft,
I (hot his fellow of the felf-fzme flight
The felf-fame way, with more advifed watch,
To find the other forth. Shakefpeare.
He may do fome good on her:
A peeviftifef-will’d harlotry it is. Shak. Romeo and Juliet.
But left myfelf be guilty of flf-wrong.
I’ll flop mine ears againft the mermaid’s fong. Shakefpeare,
He conjunct and flatt’ring his difpleafure,
Tript me behind: being down, intuited, rail’d,
Got praifes of the king,
For him attempting who wasfelf-fubdu’d. Shakefpeare.
The Everlafting fixt
His canon ’gainftfelj'-fiaughter. Shak. Hamlet.
Know if his laft purpofe hold.
Or whether fince he is advis’d by aught
To change the courfe ? He’s full of alteration.
And y^-reproving. Shakef. King Lear.
More or lefs to others paying,
T han by felf-offences weighing ;
Shame to him whofe cruel ftriking,
Kills for faults of his own liking ! Shakefpeare.
Bellona’s bridegroom, lapt in proof.
Confronted him withyc^-caparifons.
Point againft point rebellious, arm’gainft arm,
Curbing his lavifh fpirit. Shak. Macbeth.
Self-love, my liege, is not fo vile a fin
Asjelf- neglecting. Shakef Henry V.
Anger is like
A full hot horfe, who, being allow’d his way,
iSi^y-mettle tires him. Shakefpeare.
His lords defire him to have borne
Hisbruifed helmet and his bended fword
BTore him through the city; he forbids it,
Being free from vainnefs andyLy-glorious pride. Shakefp.
You promis’d
To lay afide fef-harming heavinefs.
And entertain a cheerful difpofition. Shakef. Rich. III.
In their anger they flew a man, and in theiryir/T-will they
digged down a wall. Gen. xlix. 6.
f he moft ordinary caufe of a fingle life is liberty, efpecially
in certainfelf-p eafingand humorous minds, which arc fo fen¬
fible of every reftraint as to think their girdles and garters to
be bonds and lhackles. _ . Bacon.
Haft thou fet up nothing in competition with God ; no
pride, pleafure, profit,/#-love, or/^-intereft ot thy owrM
Up through the fpacious palace pafied fhe.
To where the king’s proudly repofed head,
If any can be foft to tyranny.
And felf-tormenting fin, had a foft bed. Crajkaw.
With
SEL
With a joyful willingnefs thefeyyioving reformers took
poffeffion of all vacant preferments, and with relu&ance others
parted with their beloved colleges and fubfiftcnce. Walton.
Repent the fin ; but if the puniffiment
Thou can’ft avoid, /^-prefervation bids, Milton.
Him faft fleeping foon he found,
In labyrinth of many a round ^-roll’d. Milton.
Oft times nothing profits more
Thanyy-efteem, grounded on juft and right,
Well manag’d. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Self-knowing, and from thence
Magnanimous, to correfpond with heav’n, Milton.
So virtue giv’n tor loft,
Depreft and overthrown, as feem’d.
Like thatyi^-begotten bird,
In th’ Arabian woods emboft,
Thatnofecond knows nor third,
And lay ere while a holocauft.
From out her afhy womb now teem’d. Milton's Agonijl.
He forrows now, repents, and prays contrite,
My motions in him: longer than they move.
His heart I know how variable and vain.
Self-left. Milton.
Seneca approves this ^//-homicide. Hakewill.
Thyfelf from flatt’ringfelf-conceit defend.
Nor what thou do’ft not know, to know pretend. Denham.
Man’s that favage beaft, whofe mind, 'i
From reafon to Jelf-love declin’d, >
Delights to prey upon his kind. Denham, j
Farewel, my tears.;
And my juft anger be no more confin’d
To vain complaints, or^y-devouring filence. Denham.
They are yet more mad to think that men may go to reft
by death, though they die in felf-murder, the greateft fin.
Graunt’s Bills ofAlortality.
Are not thefe ftrange yy-delufions, and yet attefted by
common experience? South's Sermons.
If the image of God is only fovereignty, certainly we have
been hitherto much miftaken, and hereafter are to beware of
making ourfelves unlike God, by too much felf-^e.nial and
humility. South's Sermons.
If a man would have a devout, humble, fin-abhorring,^/^-
den.yi.ng frame of fpirit, he cannot take a more efficacious
courfe to attain it than by praying himfelf into it. South.
Let a man apply himfelf to the difficult work of felf-examination by a ftridl fcrutiny into the whole eftate of his
foul. South's Sermons.
A fatal yyimpofture, fuch as defeats the defign, and deftroys the force of all religion. South's Sermons.
When he intends to bereave the world of an illuftrious
perfon, he may caft him upon a bold Jelf-opinioned phyfician,
worfe than his diftemper, who fhall make a ftiift to cure him
into his grave. South's Sermons.
Negledf of friends can never be proved rational, ’till we
prove the perfon ufing it omnipotent and yyfufficient, and
fuch as can never need, any mortal affiftance. South.
By all human laws, as well as divine, felf-murder has ever
been agreed on as the greateft crime. Temple.
A felf-conceited fop will fwallow any thing. L'Eflrange.
From Atreus though your ancient lineage came;
Yet myy^-confcious worth, your high renown,
Your virtue, through the neighb’ring nations blown. Dryd.
He has given you all the commendation which his felffufficiency could afford to any. Dryden.
Below yon fphere
There hangs the ball of ea; th and water mixt,
SelfcewtefA and unmov’d. Dryden s State of Innocence.
All thefe receive their birth from other things,
But from himfelf the phoenix only fprings ;
*V//'-born, begotten by the parent flame
In which he burn’d, another and the fame. Dryden.
The burning fire that.fhone.fo bright,
Flew oft'all fudden with extinguith’d light,
And left one altar dark, a little fpace ;
Which turn’d ^//.kindled, and renew'd the blaze. Dryden.
Thou firft, O king ! releafe the rights of fway;
Pow’r, y^reftrain’d, the people belt obey. Dryden.
Eighteen and nineteen are equal to thirty-feven, by the lame
fef-cv idence that one and two are equal to three. Locke.
A contradidtion of what has been faid, is a mark of yet
greater pride andy^conceitednefsj when we take upon us to
let another right in his ftory. Locke.
I am as juftly accountable for any adtion done manv years
fince, appropriated to me now by thisy^/'-confcioufnefs, as I
am for what I did the Jaft moment. Locke.
Each intermediate idea agreeing on each fide with thofc two,
it is immediately placed between: the ideas of men and Jelfdetermination appear to be connected. Locke.
This Jelf-exiftent being hath the power of perfection, as
well as of exiftence in himfelf; for he that is above, or exiftSEL
eth without, any caufe, that is, hath the power of exiftence
in himfelf, cannot be without the power of any poffible exift¬
ence Grew's Cofm. Sacr.
Body cannot be/^-exiftent, becaufe it is noty^Z-movent;
for motion is not of the effence of body, becaufe we may
have a definitive conception of body, abftradfed from that of
motion : wherefore motion is fomething elfe befides body, and
fomething without which a body may be conceived to exift.
Grew's Cofmol. Sac.
Confidence, as oppofed to modefty, and diftinguilhed from
decent afi'urance, proceeds from Jelf-opinion, occahoned by
ignorance or flattery. Collier of Confidence.
Bewilder’d I, my author cannot find, 1
’Till f'ome firft caufe, fomefelf-cxifkent mind, r
Who form’d, and rules all nature, is affign’d. Blackm. J
If a firft body may to any place
Be not determin’d in the botmdlefs fpace,
’Tis plain it then may abfent be from all,
Who then will this afelf exiftence call ? Blackmore.
Shall nature, erring from her firft command,
iSVy^prefei vation fall by her own hand ? Granville.
Low nonfenfe is the talent of a cold phlegmatick temper:
a writer of this complexion gropes his way foftly amongft
yy-contradieftion, and grovels in abfurdities. Addijon.
This fatal hypocrify and felf-deceit is taken notice of in
thefe words, Who can understand his errours ? Cleanfe thou
me from fecret faults. Addifon's Spectator.
The guilt of perjury is fo felf-evident, that it was always
reckoned amongft the greateft crimes, by thofe who were
only governed by the light of reafon. Addifon.
iSW/Tufficiency proceeds from inexperience. Addijon.
Men had better own their ignorance than advance doctrines
which areyycontradictory. Spectator.
Light, which of all bodies is neareft allied to fpirit, is alfo
mod diffufive and yy-communicative. Norris.
Thus we fee in bodies, the more of kin they are to fpirit in
fubtilty and refinement, the more fpreading are they and felfdiffufive. Norris.
God, who is an abfolute fpiritual act, and who is fuch a
pure light as in which there is no darknefs, muft needs be in¬
finitelyfelf-imparting and communicative. Norris.
Every animal is confcious of fome individual, yy-moving,
yydetermining principle. Pope and Arbutbn. Mart. Scribe
Nick does not pretend to be a gentleman: he is a tradefman, a felffeeking wretch. Arbuthn. 'John Bull.
By the blaft of yy-opinion mov’d,
We wilh to charm, and feek to be belov’d. Prior.
Living and underftanding fubftances do mod clearly
demonftrate to philofophical inquirers the neceffary felfexiftence, power, wifdom, and beneficence of their maker.
Bentley's Sermons.
If it can intrinfically ftir itfelf, and either commence or
alter its courfe, it muft have a principle offelf-activity, which
is life and fenfe. Bentley's Sermons.
This defire of exiftence is a natural affection of the foul 3
’tisyy*prefervation in the higheft and trueft meaning. Bentley.
The philofophers, and even the Epicureans, maintained the
yby'-fufficiency of the Godhead, and feldom or never facrificed
at all. Bentley's Sermons.
Matter is not endued withfelf-motion, nor with a power to
alter the courfe in which it is put: it is merely paffive, and
muft ever continue in that ftate it is fettled in. Cheyr.e*
I took not arms, ’till urg’d byyy-defence$
The eldeft law of nature. Rowe's Ambit. Stepmother.
His labour and ftudy would have fhewn his early miftakes,
and cured him of yy-flattering delufions. Watts.
This is not to be done in a rafh andyy-fufficient manner;
but with aii humble dependance on divine grace, while we
walk among fnares. Watts.
The religion of Jefus, with all itsfelf-denials, virtues, and
devotions, is very practicable. Watts.
I heard in Crete, this ifland’s name;
For ’twas in Crete, my native foil, I came
iSV^'-banifh’d thence. Pope's Odyffey.
Achilles’s courage is furious and untractable; that of Ajax
is heavy andyy-confiding. Pope.
I doom, to fix the gallant fhip,
A mark of vengeance on the fable deep ;
To warn the thoughtlefs /iy-confiding train,
No more unlicens’d thus to brave the main. Pope.
What is loofe love ? a tranfient guft,
A vapour fed from wild defire,
A wand’i ingy-y-confuming fire. Pope.
In dubious thought the king awaits,
Andyy-confidering, as he ftands, debates. Pope.
By mighty Jove’s command,
Unwilling have I trod this pleafingland ;
lor who/y-mov d with weary wing would fweep
Such length of ocean ? Pope.
23 N Thev
S E M S E M
They who reach Pdrnaflus’ toffy crowil,
Employ their pains to fpurn fome others down;
And while felf-love each jealous writer rules,
Contending wits become the fport of fools. _ l ope.
It may be thought that Ulyffes here is too oftentatihus, and
that he dwells more than modefty allows upon his own accomplifliments ; but/*//-praife is fometimes no fault. Broome.
No wonder fuch a fpirir, in fuch a fituation, is provoked
beyond the regards of religion or felf-convidion. Swift.
Se'lfhf.aL. n.f [b'unelia, Latin.] A plant. The fame with
Sanicle, which fee.
Selfish. aelj. [from fef] Attentive only to one’s own intereft; void of regard for others.
What could the moft afpiringJelfJh man defire more, were
he to form the notion of a being to whom he would recom¬
mend himfelf, than fuch a know edge as can difeover the lead
appearance of perfedion, and fuch a goodnefs as will propor¬
tion a reward to it ? Addifpns Spectator.
Paffions, thoughfelfflo, if their means be fair.
Lift under reafon, and deferve her care ;
Thofe that imparted court a nobler aim,
Exalt their kind, and take fome virtue’s name. Pope.
Selfishness, n.f. [fromfelfflo.] Attention to his own inteiefr, without any regard to others ; felf-love.
1 his fublimer love, being, by an intimate conjundion with
its ofcjed, throughly refined from all bafe drofs of felfjhnefs
and intereft, nobly begets a perfect fubmiffion of our wills to
the will of God. Bofe's Sei aphick Love.
Se'lfishly. adit. [from felfjh.] With regard only to his own
intereft; without love of others.
He can your meritfeiffhly approve,
And (hew the fenfe of it without the love. Pope.
Se'lfsame. adj. [felf and fame ] Numerically the fame.
I have no great caufe to look for other than the Jelf-fame
portion and lot, which your manner hath been hitherto to lay
on them that concur not in opinion with you. Hooker, Pref
Flight purfu’d one way the Jef-jame hour. Alilton.
i have been bafe,
Bafe ev’n to him from whom I did receive
All that a fon could to a parent give:
Behold me punifh’d in the felf-Ja?ne kind ;
Th’ ungrateful does a more ungrateful find. Dryden.
Se'lion, n.f [felio, low Latin J A ridge of land. Ain,w.
Sell, fronoun. [forfelf] Sell is retained in Scotland for felf,
and felts in the plural for felves.
They turn round like grindle-ftones,
Which they dig out fro’ the dells.
For their bairns bread, wives and fells. Ben. Johnfon.
Sell. n.f. [felle, French ; fe'la, Latin.] A faddle.
Turning to that place, in which
He left his lofty fteed with golden fills.
And goodly gorgeous barbes, him found not there. F. jUju.
To SELL. v. a. [pyllan, Saxon; fela, Ifiamlick.] To give
for a price; the word correlative to buy; to vend.
The Midianites fo'd him unto Egypt, unto Potiphar. Gen.
Let usfell him to the Ifhmaclites. Gen. xxxvii. 27.
The firft tenth part I gave to the for.s of Aaron, and another
I fo'd away. Bob. i. 7.
All the inns and publick houfes are obliged to furnifh themfelves with corn, which isfold out at a much dearer rate than
his bought up. Add-on on Italy.
You have made an order that ale fhould be fid for three
half-pence a quart. Swift.
To Sell. v. n. To have commerce or traffick with one.
I wiil buy with you, fe l with you; but I will not eat with
you. Sbakefp. Merchant of Vmice.
Confult not with a buyer of felling. Eccluf. xxxvii. 1 r.
Sellander. n.f. A dry fcab in a horfe’s hough or paftern. Ainfworth.
Se'ller. n.f. [from fell.] The perfon that fells; vender.
To things of fale a feller's praife belongs. Shakefpeare.
The name of the agent, of the feller, notary, and witneftes, are in both inftruments. Add!fon on Italy.
Se'lvage. n.f [Of this word I know not the etymology.
Skinner thinks felvage is faid as favage, from its having the
cloath.J The edge of cloath where it is clofed by compli¬
cating the threads.
Make loops cf blue upon the edge of the one curtain from
the Jelvage in the coupling. Ex. xxvi. 4.
Selves. The plural of fef.
Confcioufnefs being interrunted, and we loflng fight of
r Our paft /,/,>es, doubts are raifed whether we are the fame. Locke.
SE'MBLABLE. adj. [femblable, French.] Like; refembling.
Then be abhorr’d
All feafls, focicties, and throngs of men !
HisJemblable, yea himfelf, Timon difdains. Shakefpeare.
With femblable reafon we might exped a regularity in the
wi nds. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Se MBL.ABLY. adv. [from femblable J With refcmblance.
A gallant knight he was, his name was Blunt;
Sernblably furnifh’d like the king himfelf. Sbakefp. II. IV.
Se'mBL After. n.f [femblance, Fr. from fetnblcrnt, ]
1. Likenels; reletnblanCe; fimilitude; reprefentatiofi.
Solicit Henry with her wond’rcus praife;
Bethink thee on her virtues, that lurmount
Her natural graces, that extinguifh art:
Repeat their jemb'ance often. Shakefpeare.
She’s but the fign andfemblance of her honour :
Behold how like a maid fhe blufhes here!
O, what authority and fhew of truth
Can cunning fin cover itfelf withal! Sl.akefpeare.
He with high words, that bore
Semblance of worth, not fubftance, gently rais’d
Their fainting courage, and difpell’d their fears. Milton.
T his laft effort brought forth the opinion, that thefe bodies
are not what they feem to be; that they are no (hells, but
mere fportings of adive nature, and onlyJemblances or imita¬
tions of fhells. IVoodwai d.
It is not his meaning that we put on the outward face and
femblance of virtue, only to conceal and difguile our vice. Reg.
2. Appearance ; (how ; figure.
Be you the foldier; for you likeft are.
For manly femblance and for (kill in war. Spenfcr.
Theirfemblance kind, and mild their geftures were.
Peace in their hands, and friendfhip in their face. Fairfax.
All that fair and good in thy divine
Semblance, and in thy beauty’s heav’nly ray.
United I beheld. Milt. Par. Lof.
SE'MBLANT. adj. [femblant, French.] Like; refembling;
having the appearance of anything. Little ufed.
In defpite of age, of impious flame,
And eating time, thy picture, like thy fame,
Entire may laft ; that as their eyes furvey
The femblant (hade, men yet unborn may fay.
Thus great, thus gracious look’d Britannia’s queen;
Her brow thus fmooth, her look was thus ferene. Prior.
Se'mblant. n.f. Show; figure; refemblance; reprefentation. Not in ufe.
Her purpofe was not fuch as fhe did feign,
Ne yet her perfon fuch as it was feen ;
But under fimpieflhew, and femblant plain,
Lurks falfe Duefta, fecretly unfeen. Fairy fgueen.
Full lively is the femblant, tho* the fubftance dead. Spenf.
Se'mblative. adj. [fromfemblant.] Suitable; accommodate;
(it; refembling.
Diana’s lip
Is not more fmooth and ruby; thy fmall pipe
Is as the maiden’s organ, (hrill and found;
And all isfcmblative a woman’s part. Shak. Twelfth Night.
To Se'mble. v. n. [fembler, French.] To reprefent; to make
a likenefs. Little ufed.
Let Europe, fav’d, the column high erect,
Than Trajan’s higher, or than Antoninc’s,
WhereJembling arc may carve the fair effect.
And full atchievement of thy great defigns. Prior.
SEMI. n.f. [Latin.] A word which, ufed in compofition,
fignifies half: asfernicircle, half a circle.
Se'miannular. adj. [ferni and annulus, a ring.] Half round.
Another boar tulk, fomewhat (tenderer, and of a femiannular figure. Grew s Mufxum.
Se'mibref. n.f [femibreve, French ]
Scmibref is a note in mufick relating to time, and is the laft:
in augmentation. It is commonly called the mafter-note, or
meafure-note, or time-note, as being of a certain determinate
meafure or length of time by itfelf; and all the other notes of
augmentation and diminution are adjufted to its value. Harris.
He takes my hand, and as a dill which (lays
A femibref, ’twixt each drop, he niggardly.
As loth to enrich me, fo tells many a lye. Donne.
Semicircle, n f [femtcirculus, Lat. ferni and circle.] A half
round; part of a circle divided by the diameter.
Black brows
Become fome women beft, fo they be in a fernicircle,
Or a half-moon, made with a pen. Shakefpeau.
Has he given the lye
In circle, or oblique, orfernicircle,
Or dired parallel ? Shakefpeau.
The chains that held my left leg gave me the liberty of
walking backwards and forwards in a fernicircle. wijt.
Semici'rcled. \adj. [femi2nd circular.] Half round.
Semicircular. 5 J iJ
The firm fixure of thy foot would give an excellent mo¬
tion to thy gait, in a femicircled farthingale. Shakejpeare.
The rainbow is caufed by the rays of the fun fa ling upon a
rorid and oppoftte cloud, whereof fome rcfledled, others refaded, beget thefemicircular variety we call the rainbow.
b J Browns Vulgar Errours.
The feas are inclofed between the twofemicircular moles
that furround it. . , „ m Italy
Semico'ion. » / [fmi and kmAov.] Half a colon ; a po.nt
made thus [;] to notea greaterpauie than that of a comma.
Semidiameter.
S E M S E M
Sfi.MIDI\'m ETER. n.f [femi and diameter ] Half the lint
which, drawn through the centre of a circle, divides it into
two equal parts; a freight line drawn from the circumference
to the center of a circle.
Their difference is as little confiderahle as a femidiameter of
the earth in two meafure§ of the higheft heaven, the one
taken frorft the (urface of the earth, the other from its centre:
the Jifproportion is juft nothing. Adore.
The force of this inftrument confifts in the difproportion
of diftance betwixt the femidiameter of the cylinder and the
fmidiameter of the rundle with the fpolces. Wilkins.
Semidiaphane'ity. n.f [femi and diaphaneity. J Half
tranfparency; imperfeft tranfparency.
T he tranfparency orJemidiaphaneity of the fuperficial cor¬
puscles of bigger bodies may have an intereft in the produc¬
tion of^ their colours. Boyle on Colours.
SemidiA PHANOUS. adj [femi and diaphanous.] Half trans¬
parent; imperfeftly tranfparent.
Another plate, finely variegated with a femidiaphanous grey
or fky, yellow and brown. Woodward on Foffils.
Se'midouble. n.f [femi and double.] In the Romifti bre¬
viary, fuch offices and feafts as are celebrated with lefs Solem¬
nity than the double ones, but yet with more than the Single
ones. Bailey.
Semiflo'sculous. adj. [femi and flofculus, Latin.] Having
a femifloret. Bailey.
Semifloret, n.f [femi and foret.] Among florifts, an
half flourifh, which is tubulous at the beginning like a floret,
and afterwards expanded in the form of a tongue. Bailey.
Semiflu'id. adj. [femi and fuid.] Imperfectly fluid.
Phlegm, or petuite, is a fort of femifuid, it being fo far
folid that one part draws along feveral other parts adhering to
it, which doth not happen in a perfect fluid, and yet no part
will draw the whole mafs, as happens in a perfeft folid. Arb.
Semilu'nar. ) adj. [fcmilunaire, Fr. femi and luna> Latin.]
Semilu'nary. ) Refembling in form a half moon.
The eyes are guarded with a femilunar ridge. Grew.
Se'riimetal. n.f. [femi and metal.] Half metal; imperfeft
metal.
Semimetals are metallick foffils, heavy, opake, of a bright
glittering Surface, and not malleable under the hammer; fuch
as quickfilver, antimony, cobalt, with the arfenicks, bifmuth,
zink, with its ore calamine: to thefe may be added the femimetallick recrements, fuch as tutty and pampholyx. Hill.
Semina'lity. n.f. [fromfernen, Latin.]
1. The nature of feed.
As though there were a feminality in urine, or that, like the
feed, it carried with it the idea of every part, they foolifhly
conceive we vifibly behold therein the anatomy of every partick* Brown's Vulgar Errours.
2. The power of being produced.
In the feeds of wheat there lieth obfcurely the feminality of
darnel. . . Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Seminal, adj. [feminaf French; feminisy Latin.]
1. Belonging to feed.
2. Contained in the feed; radical.
Had our fenfes never prefented us with thofe obviousfeminal
principles of apparent generations, we fhould never have
fufpefted that a plant or animal would have proceeded from
fuch unlikely materials. Glanv. Scepf.
Though we cannot prolong the period of a commonwealth
beyond the decree of heaven, or the date of its nature, any
more than human life beyond the ftrength of theJeminal vir¬
tue, yet we may manage a fickly conftitution, and preferve a
ftrong one. _ Swift.
Seminary, n.f. ffeminaire, Fr. feminarium fromfetnino, Lat.]
1. The ground where any thing is fown to be afterwards trans¬
planted.
Some, at the firft transplanting trees out of theirfminaries,
cut them off about an inch from the ground, and plant them
like quickfet. _ Mortimer's Husbandry.
2. I he place or original ftock whence any thing is brought.
This ftratum is ftill expanded at top of all, fervin? for a
common integument, and being the feminary or promptuary
that furmmeth forth matter for the formation and increment of
ammal and vegetable bodies. TVuiward.
3. beminal ltate.
The hand of God, who firft created the earth, hath wifely
contrived them in their properfeminariesy and where they bell
maintain the intention of their fpecies. y
' Brown’s VAgar Errours.
4. Original; firlr principles.
Nothing fubminiftrates apter matter to be converted into
peftilent feminariesy Sooner than fteams of nafty folks and
beggars. Harvey on the Plague.
5. Breeding place; place of education, from whence Scholars
are transplanted into life.
It was the feat of the greateft monarchy, and the feminary
of the greateft men of the world, whilft it was heathen. Bacon.
. 1 he inns of court muft be the worft inftituted feminaries
»n any Chriftian country. Swift.
SemiNta'tIoN. n.f. [from femifiOy Latin.] The aft (f
Sowing.
SeminEfical. [ adj. [fertien andfacloy Latin ] Productive of
Semin Pfick. j feed.
We are made to believe, that in the fourteenth year males
are fcminifcal and pubefccnt; but he that Ha all inquire into
the generality, will rather adhere unto Ariftotle. Brown.
Seminifica'tion. n f.
Semir.ifcation is the propagation from the feed or Seminal
parts. Hale’s Origin ofMankind.
Semiopa'cous. adj. [femi and opacus, Latin.] Half dark.
Semiopacous bodies are fuch as, looked upon in an ordinary
light, and not held betwixt it and the eye, are not wont to be
discriminated from the reft of opacous bodies. Boyle.
Semipe'dal. adj. [Jerni and pedis, Latin.] Containing half a
foot.
SemiPerspi'cuous. adj. [femi and perfpicuus, Latin.] Half
tranfparent; imperfeftly clear.
A kind of amethystine flint, not compofed of cryftals or
grains; but one intire maffy Stone, Jemiperfpicu-.us, and of a
pale blue, almoft of the colour of Some cow’s horns. Grew'.
Semio'rdinate. n. f [In conick feftions.J A line drawn
at right angles to and biflefted by the axis, and reaching from
one fide of the fedtion to another; the half of which is pro¬
perly the femiordinutey but is now called the ordinate Harris.
Semipellu'cid. adj. [femi andpellucidus, Latin.] Half clear;
imperfedtly tranfparent.
A light grey Jemipellucid flint, of much the fame complexion
with the common Indian agat. Woodward.
Se'miproof. n.f [femi and proof.] The proof of a Single
evidence. Bailey.
SEMiqua'drate. 1 n.f [In aflronomy.] An afpeft of the
ShMiquA'RTiLE. 3 planets when diftant from each other forty
five degrees, or one Sign and a half. Bailey.
Semiqua'ver. n.f [In mulick.J A note containing half the
quantity of the quaver. r'aiey.
Semiqui'ntile. n.f. [In aftronomy.] An afpedl of the pla¬
nets when at the diftance of thirty-fix degrees from one another. Bailey.
Semise'xtiLe. n.f [In aftrenemy.] A femifixth; an afpedt of
the planets when they are diftant from each other one twelfth
part of a circle, or thirty degrees. Bai'ey.
Semisphe'rical. adj. [femi and fpherical.] Belonging to
half a fphere. _ Bailey.
Semisphero idal. adj. [ femi andfheroidal.] Formed like a
half fpheroid.
Semite'rtian. n.f. [femi and tertian.] An ague com¬
pounded of a tertian and a quotidian. Bailey.
The natural produdt of fuch a cold mcift year are tertians,
femitertians, and fome quartans. Arbuthnot on Air.
Semito'ne. n f. [femiton, French.] In mufick, one of tha
degrees of concinuous intervals of concords. Bailey.
Semivo'vvel n. f. [femi and vowel. ] A confonant which
makes an imperfect found, or does not demand a total occlufion of the mouth.
When Homer would reprefent any agreeable objeft, he
makes ufe of the finootheft vowels and 1110ft flowing femivowels. Broome's Notes to the Odyjfey.
SemperVive. n.f. [femper and vivusy Latin, that is, always
alive] A plant.
The greaterj'empervive will put out branches two or three
years; but they wrap the root in an oil cloth once in half a
year- . Bacon.
Sempite'rnal. adj. [fempiternely Fr. fempiternuSy Lornfemper
and ceternuSy Latin.]
1. Eternal in futurity; having beginning, but no end.
Thofe, though they fuppole the world not to be eternal,
a parte ante, are not contented to fuppofe it to be fernpiternaly or eternal a parte pcjl; but will carry up the crea¬
tion of the world to an immenfe antiquity. Hale.
2. In poetry it is ufed fimply for eternal.
Should we the long depending fcale afeend
Of Tons and fathers, will it never end ?
If’twill, then muft we through the order run,
To fome one man whofe being ne’er begun;
If that one man wasfempiternuly why
Did he, fince independant, ever die? Blackmore.
Sempite'rnity. n.f [fempiternitaSy Latin.] Future dura¬
tion without end.
The future eternity, orfempitermty of the world, being ad¬
mitted, though the eternity a parte ante be denied, there will
be^a future infinity for the emanation of the di’vine goodSt'MsTREss. n. f. [ j-eamej-rpe, Saxon. ] A woman vvhofc
buiinefs is to few ; a woman who lives by her needle
Two li u mlredfemjlrejjti were employed to make’ me (him.
and mnen for bed and table, which they were forced to tjuil
together .n feveral folds Gullher’sTrlel,.
o / C juc; p. uPftmjlrcfs walks with hafty ftrides Swift.
E nary. adj. [fenanusyfeniy Latin.] Belonging to the num¬
ber fix; containing fix.
SE'NATE.
SEN SEN
SE'NATE. n.f [fenatus, Latin; fnat, French.] An affembly Sf/neschal. n. f [fenefchal, French, of uncertain original]
of counfellors ; a body of men fet apart to confult for the - u~' ;-‘ L--r“ .f - A a:~f
publick good.
We debafe
The nature of our feats, which will in time break ope
The locks o’ th’ferrate> and bring in the crows
To peck the eagles. Sbai
There they (hall found
Their government, and their greatfenate chufe.
He had not us'd excurfions, fpears, or daitSj
But counfel, order, and fuch aged arts;
• Which, if our anceftors had not retain’d.
The fenate $ name our council had not gain’d.
Callus was welcom’d to the facred ftrand.
Thefenate rifmg to falute their gueft.
Shak. Coriolanus.
Milton,
Denham,
Dryden.
Se'natehouse. «./. [fenate and houfe.] Place of publick
council.
The nobles in great earneltnefs are going
All to the fenatehoufe •, fome news is come. Shakefpeare.
Se'nator. n.f [fenator, Latin; fenateur, French.] A pub¬
lick counfellor.
Moft unwife patricians,
You grave but recklefsfenators. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
As if to ev’ry fop it might belong.
Likefenators? to cenfure, right or wrong. Granville.
Senatorial. 7 adj. [fenatorius, Lat. fenatorial,fenatorien, Fi.]
Senato'rian. J Belonging to fenators; befitting fenators.
To SEND. v. a. [fandgan, Gothick; pen&an, Saxon; fenden,
Dutch.]
I. To difpatch from one place to another.
There (halt thou ferve thine enemies, which the Lord (hall
fend againft thee, in hunger and in third. Deutr. xxviii. 48.
Send our brother with us, and we will go down. Gen. xliii.
His citizens fent a meflage after him, faying, we will not
have this man to reign over us. Lu. xix. 14.
The meflenger came, and (hewed David all that Joab had
fent him for. 2 Sa. xi. 22.
My overfhadowing fpirit and might with thee
Ifend along. Milton.
His wounded men he firft fends off to (hore. Dryden.
Servants, fent on meflages, flay out fomewhat longer than
the meflage requires, . Swift.
% To commiflion by authority to go and act.
There have been commiffions
Sent down among them, which have flow’d the heart
Of all their loyalties. Shakef Henry VIII.
5. To grant as from a diftant place : as, if God fend life.
I pray thee fend me good fpeed this day, and (hew kindnefs
unto my mafter. Gen. xxiv. 12.
O fend out thy light and thy truth ; let them lead me. Pf.
4. To inflict, as from a diftance.
The Lord (hallfend upon thee curfing, vexation, and re¬
buke, in all that thou fetteft thine hand unto. Deutr. xxviii.
5. To emit; to imnrit; to produce.
The waterfends forth plants that have no roots fixed in the
bottom, being almoft but leaves. Bacon's Nat. Hijlory.
The fenfes fend in only the influxes of material things, and
the imagination and memory prefent only their pi<flures or
images, when the objedls themfelves are abfent. Cheyne.
6. To diffufe; to propagate.
When the fury took her (land on high,
A hifs from all the fnaky tire went round : 7
The dreadful fignal all the rocks rebound, >
And through the Achaian citiesfend the found. Pope. )
7. To let fly ; to caft or (hoot.
To Send. v. n.
I. To deliver or difpatch a meflage.
I have made bold to fend in to your wife
My fuit is that (he will to Defdemona
accefs. Shakefp. Othello
One who had in great houfes the care of feafts, or domeftick
ceremonies.
John earl of Huntingdon, under his feal of arms, made' fir
John Arundel, of Trerice, fenefchal of his houfliold, as well
in peace as in war. Carew's Survey ofCornual.
Marfhal’d feaft,
Serv’d up in hall with fewers and fenefchals;
The (kill of artifice, or office, mean ! Milton's Par. Lojl.
Thefenefchal rebuk’d, in hafte withdrew ;
With equal hafte a menial train purfue. Pope's Odyjfey.
2. It afterwards came to fignify other offices.
Se'n green, n.f A plant. Ainfworth.
Se'nile. adj. [fenilis, Latin.] Belonging to old age; confequent on old age.
My green youth made me very unripe for a talk of that na¬
ture, whofe difficulty requires that it (hould be handled by a
perfon in whom nature, education, and time have happily
matched afenile maturity of judgment with youthful vigour of
fancy, . Boyle on Colours.
SE'NIOR. n.f. [fenior, Latin.]
1. One older than another; one who on account of longer
time has fome fuperiority.
How can you admit yourfeniors to the examination or al¬
lowing of them, not only being inferior in office and calling,
but in gifts alfo ? fVhitgifte.
2. An aged perfon.
A fenior of the place replies.
Well read, and curious of antiquities. Dryden.
Senio'rity. n.f. [fromfenior.] Elderftnp; priority of birth.
As in all civil iafurredtions the ringleader is looked on with
a peculiar feverity, fo, in this cafe, the firft provoker has, by
hisfeniority and primogeniture, a double portion of the guilt.
Government of the Tongues
He was the elder brother, and Ulyfles might be configned to
his care, by the right due to hisfeniority. Broome.
Se'nna, n.f. [fena, Latin.] A phyfical tree.
The flower, for the moft part, confifts of five leaves,
which are placed orbicularly, and expand in form of a rofe :
the pointal afterwards becomes a plain, incurved, bivalve pod,
which is full of feeds, each being feparated by a double thin
membrane. The fpecies are three. The third fort, that ufed
in medicine, is at prefent very rare. Miller.
What rhubarb, fenna, or what purgative drug.
Would fcour thefe Englifh hence! Shak. Maoheth.
Senna, tree is of two forts : the baftardfenna, and the fco’rpion fenna, both which yield a pleafant leaf, and flower. Alert.
Se'n night, n.f. [Contra£ted fromfevennight.] The fpace of
feven nights and days; a week. See Fortnight.
Time trots hard with a young maid , between the contract
of her marriage and the day it is folemnized : if the .interim
be but a fennight, time’s pace is fo hard that it feems the length
of feven years. Shakefp. As you like it.
Seno'cular. adj. [feni and oculus, Latin.] Having fix eyes.
Moft animals are binocular, fpiders o&onocular, and fome
fenocular. , Derbarn's Phyfico-Theolegy.
Sensa'tion. n.f. [ fenfation, French; fenfatio, fchool Latin.]
Perception by means of the fenfes.
Diverfity of conftitution, or other circumftances, vary the
fenfations-, and to them of Java pepper is cold. Glanv. Scepf.
The brain, diftempered by a cold, beating againft the root
of the auditory nerve, and protra£led to the tympanum, caufes
the fenfation of noife. Harvey on Confumptions.
This great fourceof moft of the ideas we have, depending
wholly upon our fenfes, and derived by them to the underftanding, I callfenfation. _ Locke:
When we are afleep, joy and forrow give us more vigorous
fenfations of pain or pleafure than at any other time. Addifon.
The happieft, upon a fair eftimate, have (Longerfenfations
of pain than pleafure. Rogers. Procure me fome—~, r r T . ,
They could not attempt their perfe£t reformation in church SENSE, n.f. [fens, trench; fenjus, Latin.]
and date, ’till thofe votes were utterly abolilhed; therefore * iw pvt-pma <->
they fent the fame day again to the king. Clarendon.
2. To Send for. To require by meflage to come, or caufe
to be brought.
Go with me fome few of you, and fee the place ; and then
you may Bacon. feud for your lick, which bring on land.
He fentfor me ; and, while I rais’d his head,
Me threw his aged arms about my neck,
And,*feeing that I wept, he prefs’d me clofe.
Se'nder. n.f [fromfend.] He that fends.
This was a merry meflage.
—We hope to make thefender blu(h at it.
Love that comes too late,
lake a remorfeful pardon (lowly carried,
To the greatfender turns a four offence.
Left with thebeft, thefender, not the fent.
Senescence, «•/• [fenefco, Latin.] The ftate
old ; decay by time.
The earth and all things will continue in the (late wherein
they now are, without the lead fcnefcence or decay, without
jarring,
Dryden.
Shak. H. V.
Shakefpeare.
Milton.
of growing
diforder, or invafion of one another. IVosdward.
Faculty or power by which external objetls are perceived:
the fight; touch; hearing; fmell; tafte.
This pow’r isfenfe, which from abroad doth bring
The colour, tafte, and touch, and feent, and found.
The quantity and (hape of ev’ry thing
Within earth’s centre, or heav’n’s circle found :
And though things fenfible be numberlefs,
But only five the fenfe's organs be;
And in thofe five, all things their forms exprefs,
feel, or hear or fee.
which contains
Davies.
Davies.
Which we can touch, tafte,
Then is the foul a nature,
The pow’r of fenfe within a greater pow r, .
Which doth employ and ufe the^fenje's pains ;
But fits and rules within her private bow r.
Both contain
Within them ev’ry lower faculty ....
Of fenfe, whereby they hear, fee, fmell, touch, tafte. M, .
Of the five fenfes, two are ufually and moft properly called
thefenfes of learning, as being;mo(l: capable ofReceiving com¬
munication of thought and notions byTelexed figns; and thefe
are hearing and feeing. Holder s Elements of^ eech
SEN
T Perception by the fcnfes; fenfation. r ,
In a living creature, though never fo great, the fife and
the affeCIs of any one part of the body mfllant y make a tranfcurfton throughout the whole. bacon s A atmal Hijlcry.
If we had nought but fenfe, then only they
Should have found minds which have their ienfes found;
*But wifdom grows when fenfes do decay,
And folly moft in'quicMtfenfe is found. Davies.
Such is the mighty fwiftnefs of your mind.
That like the earth’s, it Leaves the ;enfe behind. Dryden*
Perception of intellect; apprehenfion of mind.
-p^is Pafilius, having the quick fenfe of a lover, took as
though his miftrefs had given him a fecret reprehenfton. Sidn.
'tSod, to remove his ways from human Jenfe,
Plac’d heav’n from earth fo far. Milton.
Why haft thou added fenfe of enulefs woes ? Milton.
4 Senftbility ; quicknefs or keennefs of perception.
He ftiould have liv’d.
Save that his riotous youth, with dangerousfenfe,
Might in the times to come have ta’en revenge. Shakefp.
tj, Undcrftanding; fouridnefs of faculties; ftrtngth of natural
reafon.
Oppreft nature fleeps:
This reft might yet have balm’d thy broken fenfes. Sbakef.
God hath endued mankind with powers and abilities, which
we call natural light and reafon, and common fenfe. Bentley.
There’s fomething previous ev’ii to tafte ; ’tisfenfe.
Good fenfe, which only is the gift of heav’n,
And', though no fcience, fairly worth the fev’ri :
A light within yourfelf you muft perceive;
Jones and Le Notre have it not to give. Pope.
6. Reafon ; reafonable meaning.
He raves ; his words are loofe
As heaps of fand, and fcattering wide fromfenfe i
You fee he knows not me, his natural father;
That now the wind is got into his head,
And turns his brains to frenzy. Dryd. Spanijh FryHr*
*j. Opinion ; notion ; judgment.
I fpeak my private but impartial fenfe
With freedom, and, I hope, without offence. Rofommon.
8. Confcioufnefs; conviction.
In the due fenfe of my W2,nt of learning, I only nitflcc a.
confeffion of my own faith. Dryden.
g. Moral perception. _ „ .
Some are fo hardened in wickednefs, as to have nofenfe of
the molt friendly offices. L Ejlrange.
10. Meaning; import. *
In thisfenfe to be preferved from all fin is not impoffible.
Hooker, b. v.
My hearty friends.
You take me in too dolorous a fenfe. Shak'efpeare;
This comes out of a haughty prelumption, that becaufe we
are encouraged to believe that in fome Jenfe all things are made
for man, that therefore they are not made at all for thempelves> More's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
All before Richard I. is before time of memofy ; and what
is firree, is, in a legal fenfe, within the time of memory. Hale.
In onefenfe it is, indeed, a building of gold and filver upon
the foundation of Chriftianity. Tillofon.
When a word has been ufed in two or three fenfej, and has
made a great inroad for error, drop one or two of tho(efenfes,
and leave it only one remaining, and affix the otherfenfes or
ideas to other words. Watts's Logick.
Se'nsed. part, [fromfenfe.] Perceived by the fenfes. A word
not in ufe.
Let the feiolift tell me, why things muft needs be fo as his
individual fenfes reprefent them: is he fure that objeCts are
not otherwifefenfed by others, than they are by him ? And why
muft his fenfe be the infallible criterion? It may be, what is
white to us, is black .to negroes. Gldnv. Scepf.
^e'nseful. adj. [from fenfe and full.) Reafonable; jhdicious.
Men, otherwife fenfeful and ingenious, quote fuch things
out of an author as would never pafs in converfation. Norris.
Se'nseless. adj. [fromfenfe.]
j. Wanting fenfe; wanting life; void of all life or perception.
The charm and venom, which they drunk,
Their blood with fecret filth infected hath,
Being diffufed through the fenfelefs trunk,
That through the great contagion direful deadly flunk. Fl£K
The ears areJ'enfelefs that fhould give us hearing,
To tell him his commandment is fulfill’d. Sbak. Hamlet.
You blocks, you worfe than fenfelefs thingsI Shakefp.
It is as repugnant to the idea offenfelefs matter, that it fhould
put into itfdf fenfe, perception; and knowledge, as it is re¬
pugnant to the idea of a triangle, that it ftiould put into itfelf
greater angles than two right ones. Locke.
2. "Unfeeling; wanting perception.
Th&fenfelefs grave feels not your pioils furrows. Rowe.
3. Unreafonabie; ftupid ; doltilh ; blockifh.
They would repent this their fenfelefs perverfenefs when it
would be too late, and when they found themfdves under a
power that would deftroy them. Clarendon.
SEN
if we be not extremely foolifti, thanklefs, orfenfelefs, a great
joy is more apt to cure forrow than a great trouble is. 7 aylor.
The great defign of this authour’s book is to prove this,
which I believe no man in the world was ever fofenfelefs as to
deny. . . ? ‘Tillotfon.
She faw her. favour was mifplac’d;
The fellows had a wretched tafte:
She needs muft tell them to their face,
T hey were a Jenjelefs ftupid race. Swift.
4.' Contrary to true judgment; contrary to reafon.
It is aJenfelejs thing, in reafon, to think that one of thefc
interefts can ftand without the other, when, in the very order
of natural caufes, government is preferved by religion. South.
Other creatures, as well as monkeys, little wifer than they,
deftroy their young byfenfelefs fondnefs, and too much em¬
bracing. Locke.
Wanting fenfibilitywanting quicknefs oi; keennefs of per¬
ception.
To draw .Mars like a young Hippolytus, with an effeminate
countenance, or that hot-fpurred Harpalice in Virgil, proceedeth from a fenjelefs and overcold judgment. Peackam;
6. Wanting knowledge; unconfcious With of.
The wretch is drench’d too deep;
His foul is ftupid, and his heart afleep.
Fatten’d in vice ; fo callous and fo grofs.
He fins and fees not, Jenjelefs of his lofs. Dryden:
Hear this.
You unhous’d, lawlefs, rambling libertines,
Senfelejs of any charm in love, beyond
The proftitution of a common bed. Southerne.
Se'nselessly. adv. [fromfenfelefs.] In a fenfelefs manner;
ftupidiy; unreafanably.
If any one fhould be found fo fenfelefsly arrogant as to fuppofe man alone knowing and wife, but yet the produCt of
mere ignorance and chance, and that all the reft of the univerfe added only by that blind hap-hazard, I fhall leave with
him that very rational and emphatical rebuke of Tully. Locke.
Senselessness, n.f [fromfenfelef.] Folly; unreafonablenefs ; abfurdity ; ftupidity.
Thefenfeleffnefs of the tradition of the crocodile’s moving
his upper jaw, is plain from the articulation of the occiput
with, the neck, and the nether jaw with the upper. Crew*
Sensiei'lity. n.f \_fenfibilite, French.]
1. Quicknefs of fenfation.
Mcdefty is a kind of quick and delicate feeling in the foul:
it is fuch an exquifite fenfibility, as warns a woman to fhun the
ftrft appearance of every thing hurtful. Addfon's Spectator:
2. Quicknefs of perception.
Se'nsible. adj. [fenfible, French ; fenfilis, Latin.]
1. Having the power of perceiving by the fenfes.
Would your cambrick were as fenfible as your finger, that
you might leave pricking it for pity. Shakefpeare.
Thefe be thofeftifeourfes of God, whofe effe&s thofe that
live witnefs in themfelves; the fenfible in theirfenfible natures,
the reafonable in their reafonable fouls. Raleigh.
A blind man conceives not colours, but under the notion
of fome other fenfible faculty. Glanv. Scepf.
2. Perceptible by the fenfes.
By reafon man attaineth unto the knowledge of things that
are and are hotfenfible: it refteth, therefore, that we fearch how
man attaineth unto the knowledge of fuch things unfenfible as
are to be known. Hooker.
Is this a dagger which I fee before me,
The handle tow’rd my hand ? Come, let me clutch thee:
I have thee not, and yet I fee thee ftill:
Art thou not, fatal vifion, fenfible
To feeling as to fight ? Shakefp. Macbtth.
The fpace left and acquired in everyfenfible moment in fuch
flow progreffions, is fo inconftderable, that it cannot poffibly
move the fenfe. 1 Glanv. Scepf.
It is manifeft that the heavens are void of alljenfible reftftance, and by confequence of z\\fenfible matter. Newton:
The far greater part of men are no otherwife moved than
by fenfe, and have neither leifure nor ability fo far to improve
their power of reflection, as to be capable of conceiving the
divine perfections, without the affiftance of fenfible objects.
Rogers's Sermons.
Air is fenfible to the touch by its motion, and by its refiftance to bodies moved in it. Arbuthnot on Air.
3. Perceived by the mind.
Idlericfs was punifhed by fo many ftripes in publick, and the
difgrace was more fenfible than the pain. Temple.
4. Perceiving by either mind or fenfes; having perception by
the mind or fenfes.
This muft needs remove
The fenfible of pain. Milton.
I faw you in the Eaft at your firft arifing: I was as foon
fenfible as any of that light, when juft {hooting out, and be¬
ginning to travel upwards to the meridian. ° Dryden*
I do not fay there is no foul in man, becaufe he is notJenfible
of it in his fleep; but I do fay, he cannot think at any time,
Waking or fleeping, without being fenfible of it. Locke.
7 O ' The
SEN SEN
The verification is as beautiful as the defcription complete;
every ear muft befenfible of it. Broome s Notes on the OdyJJ.
5, Having moral perception ; having the quality ol being affected
by moral good or ill.
It thou wertfenfible of courtefy,
I fhould not make fo great a {hew ot zeal. Shakefpeare.
6. Havingquick intellectual feeling; beingeafilyorftronglyaffe&ed.
Even I, the bold, the fenfible of wrong,
Reftrain’d by fhame, was forc’d to hold my tongue. Dryd.
7, Convinced ; perfuaded. A low ufe.
They are veryfenfible that they had better have pufhed their
conquefts on the other fide of the Adriatick; for then their
territories would have lain together. Addifon.
8. In low converfation it has fometimes the fenfe of reafonable j
judicious; wife.
I have been tired with accounts from fenfible men, furnifhed
with matters of fad, which have happened within their own
knowledge. Addifon.
Se'nsibleness. n.f. [fromfenfible.~\
1. Poflibility to be perceived by the fenfes.
2. AClual perception by mind or body.
3. Quicknefs of perception ; fenfibility.
The fenfiblenefs of the eye renders it fubjeCt to pain, as
alfo unfit to bedreffed with {harp medicaments. Sharp.
4. Painful confcioufnefs.
There is no condition of foul more wretched than that of
the fenfelefs obdurate finner, being a kind of numbnefs of
foul; and, contrariwife, this feeling andfenfiblenefs, and forrow
for fin, the moll vital quality. Hammond.
5. Judgment; reafonablenels. An ufe not admitted but in con¬
verfation.
Sensibly, adv. [fromfenfible.j
I.Perceptibly to the fenfes.
He is your brother, lords; fenfibly fed
Of that felf-blood, that firft gave life to you. Shakefpeare.
A fudden pain in my right foot increafed fenfibly. Temple.
The falts of human urine may, by the violent motion of
the blood, be turned alkaline, and even corrofive; and fo they
affeCl the fibres of the brain more fenfibly than other parts. Arb.
1.With perception of either mind or body.
3. Externally ; by impreflion on the fenfes.
That church of Chrifi, which we properly term his body
myftical, can be but one; neither can that one befenfibly difcerned by any, inafmuch as the parts thereof are fome in
heaven already with Chrift. Hooker.
4. With quick intellectual perception;
5. In low language, judicioufly; reafonably;
Sensitive, adj. [fenfitifi French.] Having fenfe or percep¬
tion, but not reafon.
Thefenfitive faculty may have a fenfitive love of fome fenfitive objects, which though moderated fo as not to fall into
Jin; yet, through the nature of man’s fenfe, may exprefs itfelf more fenfitively towards that inferior objedt than towards
God : this is a piece of human frailty. Hammond.
All the adtions of the fenfitive appetite are in painting called
pafllons, becaufe the foul is agitated by them, and becaufe the
body fuffers and is fenfibly altered. Dryden.
Bodies are fuch as are endued with a vegetative foul, as
plants; a fenfitive foul, as animals ; or a rational foul, as the
body of man. Bay.
Sensitive Plant, n.f. [mimofa, Latin.] A plant.
The flower confifts of one leaf, which is fhaped like a fun¬
nel, having many ftamina in the centre : thefe flowers are col¬
lected into a round head: from the bottom of the flower rifes
the piftillum, which afterwards becomes an oblong flat-jointed
pod, which opens both ways, and contains in each partition
one roundifh feed. Of this plant the humble plants are a
lpecies, which are fo called, becaufe, upon being touched, the
pedicle of their leaves falls downward; but the leaves of the
fenfitive plant are only contracted. Miller.
Vegetables have many of them fome degrees of motion,
and, upon the different application of other bodies tp them,
do very brifkly alter their figure and motion, and fo have ob¬
tained the name offenfitive plants^ from a motion which has
fome refemblance to that which in animals follows upon fenfation. Locke.
Whence does it happen, that the plant which well
We name th0fenfitive, fhould move and feel ?
Whence know her leaves to anfwer her command.
And with quick horrour fly the neighb’ring hand? Prior.
The fenfitive plant is fo call’d, becaufe, as loon as you touch
it, the leaf lhrinks. Mortimer.
Sensitive ly. adv. [from fenfitive.] In a fenfitive manner.
1 he fenfitive faculty, through the nature of man’s fenfe,
may exprefs itfelf more fenfitively towards an inferior object
than towards God : this is a piece of frailty. Hammond.
SENSO'RIUM. 1 1 7
SE'NSORT. \n'J- [ Latin. ]
1. I he part where the fenfes tranfmit their perceptions to the
mind ; the feat of fenfe.
Spiritual fpecies, both vifible and audible, will work upon
the fenjories, though they move not any other body. Bacon.
1
As found in a bell or mufical firing, or other founding
body, is nothing but a trembling motion, and the air nothing
but that motion propagated from the object, in thefenforium
’tis a fenfe of that motion under the form of found. Newton.
Is not the fenfory of animals the place to which the fenfitive
fubftance is prefent, and into which the fenfible fpecies of
things are carried through the nerves of the brain, that there
they may be perceived by their immediate prefence to that fub¬
ftance ? Newton's Opt.
2.Organ of fenfation.
That we all have double fenfories, two eyes, two ears, is
an effectual confutation of this atheiftical fophifm. Bentley.
SENSUAL, adj. [fenfuel, French.]
1. Confifting in fenfe ; depending on fenfe ; afFetfting the fenfes.
Men in general are too partial, in favour of afenfual appe¬
tite, to take notice of truth when they have found it. L’tfir.
Far as creation’s ample range extends.
The fcale offenfual, mental pow’rs afeends. Pope.
2. Pleafing to the fenfes ; carnal; not fpiritual.
The greateft part of men are fuch as prefer their own pri¬
vate good before all things, even that good which is fenfual
before whatfoever is moll divine. Hooker.
3. Devoted to fenfe; lewd; luxurious.
From amidft them rofe
Belial, the difloluteft {pirit that fell.
Thefenfuallefi; and, after Afmodai,
The flefhlielt incubus. Paradife Regain’d.
No fmall part of virtue confifts in abftaining from that
wherein fenfual men place their felicity. Atterbury.
Se'nsualist. n.f. [from fenfual.] A carnal perfon ; one de¬
voted to corporal pleafures.
Let atheifts and fenfualifis fatisfy themfelves as they are
able; the former of which will find, that, as long as reafon
keeps her ground, religion neither can nor will lofe her’s. South.
Sensua'lity. n.f. [fromfenfual.] Devotednefs to the fenfes;
addition to brutal and corporal pleafures.
But you are more intemperate in your blood
Than Venus, or thofe pamper’d animals
That rage in favage fenfuality. Shakefpeare.
Kill not her quick’ning pow’r with furfeitings ;
Mar not her fenfe withJenfuaHty:
Call not her ferious wit on idle things ;
Make not her free will Have to vanity. Davies:
Senfuality is one kind of pleafure, fuch an one as it is. South.
They avoid drefs, left they fhould have affe&ions tainted
by anyfenfuality, and diverted from the love of him who is to
be the only comfort and delight of their whole beings Addif.
Impure and brutal fenfuality was too much confirmed by the
religion of thofe countries, where even Venus and Bacchus
had their temples. Bentley.
To Se'nsualize. v. a. [from fenfual.] To fink to fenfual
pleafures; to degrade the mind into fubjedlion to the fenfes.
Not to fuffer one’s felf to be fenfualized by pleafures, like
thofe who were changed into brutes by Circe. Pope.
Se'nsually. adv. [fromfenfual.] In a fenfual manner.
Se'nsuous. adj. [from fenfe.] Tender; pathetick; full of
paftion.
To this poetry would be made precedent, as being lefs
fubtile and fine; but more fimflc,fenfuous, and paftionate. Milt.
Sent. The participle paflive of fend.
I make a decree that all Ifrael go with thee; forafmuch as
thou artfent of the king. Ezr. vii. 14.
SE'NTENCE. n.f. [fentence, French; fententia, Latin.]
1. Determination or decifion, as of a judge civil or criminal.
The rule of voluntary agents on earth is the fentence that
reafon giveth, concerning the goodnefs of thofe things which
they are to do. Hooker.
If we have neither voice from heaven, that fo pronounceth
of them, neitherfentence of men grounded upon fuch manifeft and clear proof, that they, in whofe hands it is to alter
them, may likewife infallibly, even in heart and confcience,
judge them fo; upon neceflity to urge alteration, is to trouble
and difturb without neceflity. Hoker.
How will I give fentence againft them. Jer. iv. 12.
If matter of fail breaks out with too great an evidence to
be denied, why, ftill there are other lenitives, that friendfhip
will apply, before it will be brought to the decretory rigours
of a condemning fentence. South’s Sermons.
Let him fet out fome of Luther’s works, that by them we
may pafs fentence upon his do&rines. Atterbury.
2. It is ufually fpoken of condemnation pronounced by the
judge ; doom.
By the confent of all laws, in capital caufes, the evi ence
muft be full and clear; and if fo, where one man s life is m
queftion, what fay we to a war, which is ever t cfentence o
J 1 < Bacon s holy Irar. death upon many r r , J....
What refts' but that the mortal fentence pafs . Milton.
3. A maxim; an axiom, generally moral.
A/,„« may be defined a moral ,nftru£t,on couched ,n a
few words. Br,mt 1 N““ m the 0iWl-
SEN
4. A fhort paragraph; a period in writing.
An excellent fpirit, knowledge, underftanding, and /hew¬
ing of hard fentences were found in Daniel. Dan. v. 12.
To Se'ntence. v. a. [fentencier, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To pafs the laft judgment on any one.
After this cold confidence, fentence me;
And, as you are a king, /peak in your ftatc,
What I have done that mifbecame my place. Shakefp.
Came the mild judge and interceffor both *
Tofentence man. * Milton.
2. To condemn.
Could that decree from our brother come ?
Nature herfelf isfentenc'd in your doom :
Piety is no more. Dryden.
Jdlenefs, fentenced by the decurions, was puni/hed by fo
many femes. r’u_
Sen rsNTio sity. n.f. [from fententious.] Comprehcnfion in
a fentence.
V ulgar precepts in morality carry with them nothing above
the line, or beyond the extemporary fententiofity of common
conceits with us. Brown>s Vul Rrrours.
Sen 1 e ntious. adj. [fentencieux,Yr. fromfentence.] Abound¬
ing with (hort fentences, axioms, and maxims, fhort and energetick.
He is very fwift and fententious. Shakefp. As you like it.
Eyes are vocal, tears have tongues :
Sententious fhowers ! O let them fall j
Their cadence is rhetorical. Crajbaw.
Eloquence, with all her pomp and charms.
Foretold us ufeful and fententious truths. • Waller.
How he apes his fire,
Ambitiouflyfententious. Addifon’s Cato.
I he making of thofe figures being tedious, and requiring
much room, put men firft upon contracting them; as by the
mo/t ancient Egyptian monuments it appears they did : next,
lnitead of fententious marks, to think of verbal, fuch as the
Chinefe ftdl retain. Crew’s Cofmol.
oente ntiously. adv. [from fententious.] In fhort fentences;
with ftriking brevity.
They defcribe her in part finely and elegantly, and in part
gravely and fententioufy; they fay, look how many feathers
lhe hath, fo many eyes fhe hath underneath. Bacon’s Efj'ays.
Nauficaa delivers her judgmentfententioujly, to give it more
c Wei§Kt- Broome.
oEnte ntiousness. n.f. [fromfententious.] Pithinefs of fen- .
tences ; brevity with ftrength.
The Medea I efteem for the gravity and fententioufnefs of it,
which he himfelf concludes to be fuitable to a tragedy. Dryd.
Se ntery. n.f [This is commonly writtenfentryy corrupted
from fentinel.] One who is fet to watch in a garrifon, or in
the outlines of an army.
What ftrength, what art can then
Suffice, or what evafion bear him fafe
Through the ftriCtfenteries, and ftations thick
, Of angels watching round. Milton.
Sentient, adj. [fentims, Latin.] Perceiving; having per¬
ception. ° v
1 his aCling of thefentient phantafy is performed by a prefence of fenfe, as the horfe is under the fenfe of hunger, and
that without any formal fyllogifm prefleth him to eat." Hale.
Se ntient. n.f. [from the adjeCtive.J He that has perception.
If the fentient be carried, pafjibus acquis, with the body,
whofe motion it would obferve, fuppofing it regular, the re¬
move is infenfible. °Glanv ScetC
SE'NIIMENT. n.f. [fentiment, French.]
1 • Thought; notion; opinion.
The confideration of the reafon, why they are annexed to
fo many other ideas, ferving to give us due fentiments of the
wifdom and goodnefs of the fovereign Difpofer of all things,
may not be unfuitable to the main end of thefe enquiries. Loc.
. tkc t0 council or th’ aflembly came,
• With equal fouls and fentiments the fame. Botre
2. 7 he fenfe confidered diftindly from the language or things;
a ftriking fentence in a compofition.
Se'ntinel. n.f [fentinelle, French, fromfentio, Lat.] One
ho watches or keeps guard to prevent furprife,
Norfolk, hie thee to thy charge;
Ufe careful watch, chufe trufky fentinels. Shakefp R III
Counfellors are not commonly fo united, but that one
counfellor keepeth fentmel over another; fo that if any do
counfel out of faCtion or private ends, it commonly comes to
the king’s ear. Bacon’s EJays.
rirft, the two eyes, which have the feeing pow’r,
Stand as one watchman, fpy, orfentine!,
Being plac’d aloft, within the head’s high tow’r ;
And though both fee, yet both but one thing tell. Davies.
Love to our citadel reforts,
Through thofe deceitful fallyports;
Ourfentinels betray our forts. Denham
J lie fenfes are fituate in the head, as fentinels in a watchtower, to receive and convey to the foul the imprcftlons of
external objects. Ray on ^6W/w.
SEP
Perhaps they had fentinels waking while they flept; but ev-rt
this would be unfoldierlike. Brootne’s Notes on the Odyfjey.
Se'ntry. n.f. [Corrupted, I believe, from fentinel.]
1. A watch; a fentinel; one who watches in a gdrrifon, or
army, to keep them from furprife.
If I do fend, difpatch
Thofefentrics to our aid; the reft: will ferve
For a fhort holding. Shakefp. Coriclanus.
The youth of hell ftrict guard may keep.
And fet theirJentries to the utmoft deep. Dryden.
One goofe they had; ’twas all they could allow,
A wakefuljentry, and on duty now. Drydcn.
2. Guard ; watch ; the duty of a fentry.
Here toils and death, and death’s haIf brother, fleep,
forms terrible to view, theirfentry keep* Dryden.
Thou, whofe nature cannot fleep,
O’er my /lumbersfentry keep ;
Guard me ’gainft thofe watchful foes,
Whofe eyes are open while mine elofe. Brown.
Separability, n.f [from feparable.] The quality of ad¬
mitting difunion or difeerption.
Separability is the greateft argument of real diftinction. Gian.
The greateft argument of real diftinction isJeparabilitr, and
actual reparation; for nothing can be feparated from it-
„ fe^’ , _ Norris.
Se parable, adj. [ feparable, Fr.feparabiiis, Lat. fromfeparate.]
1. Sufceptive of difunion; difcerptible.
2. Poftible to be disjoined from fomething.
Expanfion and duration have this farther agreement, that
though they are both coniidered by us as having parts, yet
their parts are notfeparable one from another. Locke.
The infufions and decoitions of plants contain the moft
feparable parts of the plants, and convey not only their nutri¬
tious but medicinal qualities into the blood. Arbuthnot.
Se parableness. n.f [fromfeparable.] Capablenefs of being
feparable. °
Trials pet nnt me not to doubt of the feparablenefs of a yellow
tinefture from gold. Boyle.
To SEPARATE, v. a. [feparo, Latin; feparer, French.]
1. 10 break; to divide into parts.
2. I o difunite ; to disjoin.
I’ll to England.
* 'To Ireland, I: ourfeparated fortunes
Shall keep us both the fafer. Shake/. Macbeth.
Refolv’d,
}
Rather than death, or aught than death more dread,
Shall feparate us. Milton.
3. J o fever from the reft.
Can a body be inflammable, from which it would puzzle a
chymift tofeparate an inflammable ingredient? Boyle.
Death from fin no power can feparate. Milton.
4* 7 o fet apart; to fegregate.
Separate me Barnabas and Saul, for the work whereunto I
have called them. A&s xiii. 2<
David.feparated to the fervice thofe who fhould prophefy.
„ rr. . , , X Chron. xxv. 1.
5. I o withdraw.
Separate thyfelf from me: if thou wilt take the left, I will
go to the right. Qen x::: Q
To Separate, v. n. To part; to he difunited. * 9’
Vhen there was not room enough for their herds to feed*
they by confentfeparated, and enlarged their pafture. Locke.
oe pa rate. adj. [from the verb.]
1. Divided from the reft.
Evefeparate he wifh’d. Milton.
’Twere hard to conceive an eternal watch, tfhofe pieces
were neverfeparate one from another, nor ever in any other
form. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
In a fecret vale the Trojan fees
Afep’rate grove. Dryden.
2' T*rlltcd fr°m the body ’ dlfenSaged corporeal nature.
Whatever ideas the mind can receive and contemplate
without the help of the body, it can retain without the help
of the body too ; or elfe the foul, or anyfeparate fpirit, will
have but little advantage by thinking. Locke
SEPARATELY .adv. [from feparate.] Apart 5 fingly ; notin
union; diftinctly; particularly.
It is of fingular ufe to princes, if they take the opinions of
their council, both jeparately and together; for private opinion
is more free, but opinion before others is more referved Bac
If you admit of many figures, then conceive the whole to¬
gether, and not every thing feparctely and in particular.
&TMTfSS'"-f The fe,e 0/betg
Separation, n.f. [feparatio,Lzt. fetaration rr f r
1. The act of feparating; disjunction. ’ ’ TomfeParate<]
They have a dark opinion, that the foul doth live after the
feparation from the body. uin me a te5 tne
fcioAusyinus °m°r b°dieS’ Vltally united to that which is con¬
frontX V 1 ^ a,Pa,t °f ourfe>ves; but upon fe oration
Bom the vital union, by which that confcioufnefs is commu¬
nicated.
SEP
rficated, that which a moment fmce was part of ouiElves, is
c Locke.
now no more io.
2. The ftate of being feparate; difunion. . r
As the confufioii of tongues was a mark o fpat cum, °
the being of one language was a mark oi onion. f[LOn’
3. The chimical analyfis, or operation of dilumtmg things
mA? fifteenth part of fiivcr, incorporate with gold, will not
he recovered by any matter of jeparatmt, unlefs you put a
greater quantity of filver, which is the lall refuge
tions. . , A
4. Divorce; disjunction from a married ftate.
Did you not hear
A buzzing of a feparation
Between the king and Cath’nne \ Shabfpeare.
Separatist, n.f. [feparati/le,Fr. fromfeparate.] One who
divides from the church ; a fchifmatick; . a feceder.
The anabaptifts, jeparatifls, and feefaries tenets are full of
fchifm, and inconfiftcnt with monarchy. < Bacon. ^
Our modern feparatijls pronounce all thofc heretical, 01 car¬
nal, from whom they have withdrawn. Decay ofPiety.
Says the feparatiji, if tho'fe, who have the rule over you,
fhould command you any thing about church affairs, you
ought not, in conlcience, to obey them. South’s Sermons.
Separa'toR. n.f [fromfeparate.] One who divides; a di¬
vider.
Separatory, ad;, [from feparatef Ufed in feparation.
The moft confpicuous gland of ah animal is the fyftem of
the ^uts, where the laiteals are the emiffary veffels, orJeparatory duels. . Cheyne’s Phil. Prin.
SepiliNle. adj. [fepio, Lat.] That may be buried. hjauey.
Se piment. n.f [fpimentum, Lat.] A hedge ; a fence. Bail.
SeposiYion. n.f. [Jepono, Latin.] T. he act of fetting apart,
fegregatioit.
Sept, n.f [Jeptum, Latin.] A clan; a race; a generation.
A word ufed only with regard or allufion to Ireland, and, I
fuppofe, Irifli. . , 1 re
This judge, being the lord’s brehon, adjudgeth a better ihare
unto the lord of the foil, or the head of that fept, and alfo
unto himfclf for his judgment a greater portion, than unto the
plaintiffs. SPmfer °n Ireland.
The true and ancient Ruffians, a fept whom he had met
with in one of the provinces of that vaft empire, were white
• like the Danes Boyle.
The Englfill forces were ever too weak to fubdue fo many
warlike nations^ Or fepts, of the Irifh as did poffefs this
ifland. Davies on Ireland.
Septangular, adj. [feptem and angulus, Latin.] Having
feven corners or fides.
Septe'mber. n.f. [Latin; Septembre, French.] The ninth
moqth of the year; the feventh from March.
September hath his name as being the feventh month from
March: he is drawn with a merry and cheerful countenance,
in a purple robe Peacham on Drawing.
Septenary, adj. [feptenarius, Lat.] Confiftingof feven. ^
Every controverfy has ieven queftions belonging to it; tho
the order of nature feems too much neglected by a confine¬
ment to thisfeptenary number. Watts.
Septe'nary. n.f. I he number feven.
The days of men are caft up by feptenaries, and every fe¬
venth year conceived to carry fome altering character in tem¬
per of mind or body. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Thefe conftitutions of Mofes, that proceed fo much upon
afeptenary, or number of feven, have no reafon in the nature
of the thing. • • 1 Burnet.
SepteNnial. adj. [fepiennis, Latin.]
ie Lading feven years.
2. Happening once in feven years. , , .
Beincr once difpenfed with for hisfeptenmal vifit, by a holy
inftrument from Petropolis, he refolvcd to govern them by
fubaltern minifters. _ Howel s Vocal Fore/.
With weekly libels and feptennial ale,
Their wifh is full, to riot and to rail. Anonym.
SEPTE'NTRION. n.f. [Fr. feptentrio, Latin.] The North.
Thou art as oppofite to every good.
As the antipodes are unto us.
Or as the South to the Septentrion. Shakejp. Hen. V I.
SepteNtrion. I adj. [Jeptentrionalis, Latin; feptentrtonal,
SepteNtrional. 3 French.] Northern.
Back’d with a ridge of hills.
That fereen’d the fruits of th’ earth and feats of men _
From cold feptentrion blafts. Milton s Par. Regain d.
If the Spring
Preceding fhould be deftitute of rain,
Or blaft Jeptentrional with brufhing wings
Sweep up the fmoaky mifts and vapours damp, _
Then woe to mortals. Philips.
Septentriona'lity. n.f. [from feptcntrional.] Northerlinefs.
SepteNtrionally. adv. [fromfeptentrisnaV] Towards the
North; northerly.
S E^Q.
If they be powerfully excited, and equally let full, they
commonly fink down, and break the water, at that extreme
whereat they ’wcTc feptentriorally excitda: Jjrown.
To Septentrio'nate v.n. [fromJeptenirid, Lat.] iotend
northerly.
Steel and good iron, never excited by the load.ione, fepten•
trimate at one extreme, and auftralize at another. Brown.
Se'ftical. adj. [<rr,ff]ntc;.] Having pow'er to promote or
produce putrefaction.
As a 1optical medicine, Galen commended the aflies of a
falamander. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Septilateral, adj. [feptem and lateris, Lat.] Having feven
fides.
By an equal interval they inake feven triangles, the bafes
whereof are the feven fides of a feptilateral figure, described
within a circle. Brown’s / ulgar Errours.
Septua'genary. adj. [feptuagenarius, Lat. fptuagenaire, Fr.]
Confifling of feventy.
The three hundred years of John of times, orNeffor, can¬
not afford a reafonable encouragement beyond Mofes’sfeptuaginary determination. Brown’s Vu’gar Errours.
SeptuAge'simal. adj. [feptuagefmus, Latin.] Confifting of
feventy. t ,
In our abridged and feptuagefmal age, it is very rare to be¬
hold the fourth generation. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Sf/ptu a G Int. n. f. [fepttiagmta, Latin. ] The old Greek
verfion of the Old Teftament, fo called as being fuppofed the
worfc of feventy-twb interpreters.
Which way feever you try, you {hall find the product great
enough for the extent of this earth; and if you follow the
fptuagint chronology, it will ftill he far higher. Burnet.
Septuple, adj. [ feptuplex, Latin.] Seven times as much.-
A technical term.
Sepulchral, adj. [fputcral, Fr. fepulcralis, from fepulchrum,
Lat.] Relating to burial; relating to the grave; monumental.
Whilft our fouls negotiate there.
We like fepulchr'al ftatues lay ;
All day the fame our poftures were,
And we faid nothing all the day. Donne.
Mine eye hath found that fadfepulchral rock,
That was the cafket of heav’n’s richeft ftore. Milton.
Sepulchral lies our holy Walls to grace,
And new-year odes. Pope s Dunciad.
Sf/pulchre. n.f. [fcpulcre, Fr. fepulchrum, Lat.] A grave;
a tomb.
To entail him and’s heirs unto the crown.
What is it but to make thyfepulchre ? Shah. Henry VI.
Flies and fpiders get afepulchre in amber, more durable than
the monument and embalming of any king. Bacon. .
There where the virgin’s fon his doctrine taught.
His miracles, and our redemption wrought;
Where I, by thee infpir’d, his praifes fung.
And on hisfepulchre my offering hung. Sandys.
Perpetual lamps for many hundred years have continued
burning, without fupply, in thefepulchres of the ancients. IPilk.
If not one common Jcpulchre contains
Our bodies, or one urn our laft remains.
Yet Ceyx and Alcyone {hall join. Dryden.
To Sepu'lchre. v. a. [from the noun. It is accented on the
fecond fyllahle by Shakefpeare and Milton; on the firft, more
properly, by fchnfon and Prior. ] I o bury ; to entomb.
Go to thy lady’s grave, and call her thence ;
Or, at the leaft, in her’sfepulchre thine. Shakefp.
I am glad to fee that time furvive.
Where merit is notfepulcher'd alive ;
Where good men’s virtues them to honours bring,
And not to dangers. Ben. Johnfn.
Thou Pofepulcher'd in fuch pomp do’ft lie.
That kings' for fuch a tomb would Wifti to die. Milton.
Difparted ftreams {hall from their channels fly,
And, deep furcharg’d, by fandy mountains lie,
Obfcurelv fepulcher'd. Prior.
Se'pulture. n.f. [Jepulture, Fr. fepultura, Lat.] Inteiment;
burial.
ThatNiobe, weeping over her children, was turned into a
ftone, was nothing elfe but that during her life {he erected
over herfepuliures a marble tomb of her own. Brown.
Where we may royal fepulture prepare;
With fpeed to Melefinda bring relief, J
Recall her fpirits, and moderate her grief.
In England fepulture, or burial of the dead, may be de¬
ferred and put off for the debts of the perfon decen.ed. Ay life.
Sequa'cious. adj. [fequacis, Latin.]
1. Following; attendant.
Orpheus could lead the favage race.
And trees uprooted left their place,
*. *o"dtr higher:
When to her organ vocal breath was giv n,
An angel heard and ftraight appear d,
Miftaking earth for hcavN.
Dryden.
Above
S E
'on.
Above thofe fuperftitious horrours that enflave
The fond fequacicus herd, to myftick faith
And blind amazement prone, th’ enlighten’d few
The glorious ftranger hail! Thomfo
2.Du£tile; pliant.
In the greater bodies the forge was eafy, the matter being
ductile and fquaeious, and obedient to the hand and ftroke of
the artificer, and apt to be drawn, formed, or moulded. Ray.
Sequa'citv. n.f. [from fequax^ Latin.] Dudtilitv; toughnefs.
Matter, whereof creatures are produced, hath a clofenefs,
lentor, and fquacity. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Se'quel. n.f. [fequelle, French; fequela, Latin.]
1. Conclufion; fucceeding part.
If black fcandal or foul-fac’d reproach
Attend the fequel of your impofition,
Your meer enforcement fhall acquittance me. Shah R. III.
Was he not a man of wifdom ? Yes, but he was poor: but
was he not alfo fuccefsful? True, but ftill he was poor: and
once grant this, and you cannot keep off that unavoidable fe¬
quel in the next verfe, the poor man’s wifdom is defpifed.
South's Sermons.
2. Confequence; event.
Let any principal thing, as the fun or the moon,' but once
ceafe, fail, or fwerve, and who doth not eafily conceive that
the fequel thereof would be ruin both to itfelf and whatfoever
dependeth on it ? Hooker.
In thefe he put two weights.
Thefequel each of parting and of fight. Miltons Par. Lofl.
3. Confequence inferred ; confequentialnefs.
Whatfequel is there in this argument? An archdeacon is
the chief deacon : ergo, he is only a deacon. Whitgfte.
Se'quence. n.f. [irom/quor, Latin.]
1. Order of fucceflion.
How art thou a king,
But by fairfequence and fucceflion ? Shakefp. R. II.
2. Series; arrangement; method.
The caufe proceedeth from a precedentfequencc, and feries
of the feafons of the year. Bacon s Nat. Hijlory.
Se'quent. adj. [fequens, Latin.]
1. Following ; fucceeding.
Let my tryal be mine own confeflion :
Immediate fentence then, and fequent death.
Is all the grace I beg. Shake]'. Meaf. for Meajure.
There he dies, and leaves his race
Growing into a nation ; and now grown,
Sufpedted to a fequent king, who feeks
To flop their overgrowth. Milton's Paradife Loft.
2. Confequential.
Se'quent. n. f. [from the adjective.] A follower. Not in
ufe.
Here he hath framed a letter to a fequent of the ftranger
queen’s, which accidentally mifcarried. Shakefpeare.
To SEQUESTER, v. a. [fequeftrer, Fr. fecreflar, Spanifh ;
fquejiroy low Latin.]
j. To feparate from others for the fake of privacy.
Why are ydu fequefler'd from all your train ? Shakefp.
To the which place a poor fequeferd flag.
That from the hunter’s aim had ta’en a hurt.
Did come to languifh. Shak, As you like it.
In fbady bow’r.
More /acred and fequefer'd, though but feign’d,
Pan or Sylvanus never flept. Milton.
Ye facred Nine ! that all my foul poffefs,
Whofe raptures fire me, and whofe viiions blefs.
Bear me, oh bear me tofequeferd feenes
Of bow’ry mazes, and lurrounding greens. Pope.
2. Toputafide; to remove.
Although I had wholly fequefered my civil affairs, yet I fet
down, out of long continued experience in bufinefs, and converfation in books, what I thought pertinent to this af-
. Bacon.
3. To withdraw; to fegregate.
A thing as feafonable in grief as in joy, as decent being
added unto actions of greateft weight and folemnity, as being
ufed when men moftfequefer themfelves from adion. Hooker.
4. Fo fet afide from the ufe of the owner to that of others.
5. To deprive of poffeflions.
It was his taylor and his cook, his fine fafhions and his
French ragou’s, which fequefered him; and, in a word, he
came by his poverty as finfully as fome ufually do by their
riches. _ South.
Sequestrable, adj. [fromfcquefrate.]
1. Subjed to privation.
2. Capable of feparation.
Hartfhorn, and divers other bodies belonging to the animal
kingdom, abound with a not uneafily[equejtratde fait. Boyle,
To Sequestrate, v. n. To fequefter; to feparate from
company.
In general contagions more perifh for want of neceffaries
than by the malignity of the dilbafe, they being fequefrated
from mankind, Arbuthnot on Air.
S E R
Sequestration, n.f. [fequefration, Fr. {tom.fequefrate.']
1. Separation; retirement.
His addidion was to courfes vain ;
I never noted in him any ftudy,
Any retirement, any fequefration
From open haunts and popularity. Shak. Henry V.
There muff be leifure, retirement, folitude, and a fequefra¬
tion of a man’s felf from the noife and toils of the world ; for
truth fcorns to be feen by eyes too much fixt upon inferior objeds. South's Sermons.
2. Difunion ; disjundion.
The metals remain unfevered, the fire only dividing the
body into fmaller particles, hindering reft and continuity,
without anyfequefration of elementary principles. Boyle.
3. State of being fet afide.
Since Henry Monmouth firft began to reign.
Before whofe glory I was great in arms,
This loathfomtfequefration have I had. Shakefp. H. VI.
4. Deprivation of the ufe and profits of a poffeflion.
It there be a fingle fpot in the glebe more barren, the redor
or vicar may be obliged, by the caprice or pique of the bifliop,
to build upon it, under pain of fequefration. Swift.
Sequestra'tor. n.f. [fromfequefrate.~\ One who takes from
a man the profit of his pofleflions.
I am fallen into the hands of publicans andfequefrotors,
and they have taken all from me. Taylor.
Sera'glio. n.f. [Italian, perhaps of Oriental original. The
g is loft in the pronunciation.] A houfe of women kept for
debauchery.
There is a great deal more folid content to be found in a
conftant courle of well living, than in the volyptuoufnefs of a
feraglio. Norris.
SE'RAPH. n.f. [ ^KT-i'] One of the orders of angels.
He is infinitely more remote in the real excellency of his
nature, from the higheft and perfedeft of all created beings,
than the pureftferaph is from the moft contemptible part of
• matter, and confequently muft infinitely exceed what our nar¬
row underftandings can conceive of him. Locka
As full, as perfed in vile man that mourns,
As. the raptferaph that adores and burns. Pope.
Sera'phical. I adj. [feraphique^ French; from feraph.] AnSera'phick. ) gelick; angelical.
Love is curious of little things, defiring to be of angelical
purity, of perfed innocence, and feraphical fervour. Taylor.
Scraphick arms and trophies. Milton.
’Tis to the world a fecret yet,
Whether the nymph, to pleafe her Twain,
Talks in a high romantick ftrain;
Or whether he at laft defeends
To like with lefs feraphick ends. Swift.
Se'raphim. n.f. [This is properly the plural offeraph, and
therefore cannot have s added; yet, in compliance with our
language, feraphims is fometimes written.] Angels of one of
the heavenly orders.
To thee cherubim andfraphim continually do cry. Com. Pr.
Then flew one of theferaphims unto me, having a live coal
in his hand. Jf vi. 6.
Of feraphim another row. Milton.
Sere. adj. [yeapian, Saxon, to dry.] Dry; withered; rio
longer green. See Sear.
The mufes, that were wont green bays to wear,
Now bringen bitter elder-branchesfere. Spenfer.
He is deformed, crooked, old, and fere,
Ul-fac’d, worfe bodied, fhapelefs every where;
Vicious, ungentle. Shakefp. Comedy ofErrours.
Ere this diurnal ftar
Leave cold the night, how we his gather’d beams
Refledted, may with matterfere foment. Milton.
Theyfere wood from the rotten hedges took,
And feeds of latent fire from flints provoke. Dryden:
On a fere branch,
Low bending to the bank, I fat me down,
Mufing and Hill. Rowe's Royal Convert.
Sere. n.f. [Of this word I know not the etymology, nor, ex¬
cept from this paffage, the meaning. Can it come^ like Jheers3
from j-cypan, Saxon, to cut ?] Claw; talon.
Two eagles,
That, mounted on the winds, together ftill
Their ftrokes extended ; but arriving now
Amidft the council, over every brow
Shook their thick wings, and threatning death’s cold fears
Their necks and cheeks tore with their eagerferes. Chapm
Serenade, n.f. [ferenade, Fr. frenata, Italian, whence * m
Milton, ferenaie, fromferenus, Latin, the lovers commonly at¬
tending their miftrefles in fair nights.] Mufick or foncrS with
which ladies are entertained by their lovers in the night
Mixt dance, or wanton matk, or midnight ball, * .
Orfrenate, which the ftarv’d lover fings °
To his proud fair; beft quitted with di(claim Milton.
r oolifli (wallow, what do’ft thou
So often at my window do,
With thy tur\e\c[sfrenad( ? Cowley:
23 P Shall
SER S E R
Shall I the neighbours nightly reft invade.
At her deaf doors, with fome vile ferenaile ? Dryden.
Will, fancies he never fhould have been the man he is, had
not he broke windows, and difturbed honeft people with his
midnightJerenades, when he was a young fellow. Aduijon.
To Serenade, v.a. [from the noun.J To entertain with
no&urnal mufick.
He continued toferenade her every morning, till the queen
was charmed with his harmony. _ Spectatora
SERE'NE. adj. [ ferein, French ; ferenus, Latin.]
1. Calm; placid; quiet.
Spirits live infpher’d
In regions mild, of calm and ferene air. Milton.
The moon, ferene in glory, mounts the fky. Pope.
2. Unruffled; undifturbed; even of temper; peaceful or calm of
mind ; (hewing a calm mind.
There wanted yet a creature might ereft
His ftature, and upright with frontJerene
Govern the reft. Milton.
Exciting them, by a due remembrance of all that is paft,
unto future circumfpeftion, and a Jerene expeftation of the
future life. Grevds Cofrnol.
Gutta Sere'na. n f. An obftruftion in the optick nerve.
Thefe eyes that roll in vain,
So thick a drop ferene hath quench’d their orbs. Milton.
Sere'ne. n.f [from the adjeftive.] A calm damp evening.
Where ever death doth pleafe t’ appear,
Sea&y fereneSy fwords, (hot, ftcknefs, all are there. Ben. Johnf.
To Sere'ne. v.a. [ ferenery French ; Jereno} Latin.]
1. To calm; to quiet.
2. To clear; to brighten. Not proper.
Take care
Thy muddy bev’rage toferene, and drive
Precipitant the bafer ropy lees. Philips.
Sere'nely. adv. [fromferene.~\
1. Calmly; quietly.
The fetting fun now (hone ferenely bright. Pope.
2. With unruffled temper; coolly.
Whatever practical rule is generally broken, cannot be fuppofed innate; it being impoffible that men would, without
(hame or fear, confidently and ferenely break a rule, which they
-could not but evidently know that God had fet up. Locke.
The nymph did like the fcene appear, 1
Serenely pleafant, calmly fair : >
Soft fell her words as flew the air. Prior, j
Sere'neness. n.f [fromferene] Serenity.
Sere'nitude. n.f [from ferene. ] Calmnefs; coolnefs of
mind. Not in ufe.
From the equal diftribution of the phlegmatick humour,
will flow quietude andJerenituele in the affections. Wctton.
SeRe'nity. n.f [ferenite^Yr. from frenus, Latin.]
1. Calmnefs; temperature.
In the conftitution of a perpetual equinox, the belt part of
the globe would be defolate; and as to that little that would
be inhabited, there is no reafon to expeft that it would conftantly enjoy that admired calm and fcrenity. Bentley.
Pure ferenity apace
Induces thought, and contemplation ftill. Thomfon.
2. Peace; quietnefs ; not difturbance.
A general peace and ferenity newly fucceeded a general
trouble and cloud throughout all his kingdoms. Temple.
3. Evennefs of temper ; coolnefs of mind.
I cannot fee how any men (hould ever tranfgrefs thofe mo¬
ral rules, with confidence and ferenity, were they innate, and
(lamped upon their minds. Locke.
Serge, n.f. [ferge, French; xerga, Spanifh, which Covairuvias derives from xirica, Arabick; Skinner from ferge, Ger¬
man, a mat.] A kind of cloath.
The fame wool one man felts into a hat, another weaves
into cloath, another into kerfey or ferge, and another into
arras. Hale.
Ye weavers, all your (huttles throw.
And bid broad-cloaths and fierges grow. Gay.
SE'RGEANT. n.f. [Jergent, French; fergente, Italian, from
fervic'us, Latin.]
1. An officer whofe bufinefs it is to execute the commands of
magiftrates.
Had I but time, as this fellfergeant, death.
Is drift in his arreft, oh, I could tell. Shakef Hamlet.
When it was day the magiftrates fent the fergeants, faying,
let thefe men go. Adiswi. 35.
2. A petty officer in the army.
This is thefergeant,
Who, like a good and hardy foldier, fought. Shakef. Mach.
3. A lawyer of the higheft rank under a judge.
None (hould be made fergeants, but fuch as probably might
be held fit to be judges afterwards. Bacon.
4. Jt is a title given to fome of the king’s fervants: as,fergeant
chirurgeons.
Se'rgeaNTRV. n.f. [fromfergeant.]
Grand Jergeantry is that where one holdeth lands of the
king by fervice, which he ought to do in his own perfon unto
him: as to bear the king’s banner or his fpear, or to lead his
hoft, or to be his'marfhal, or to blow a horn, when~he fcfcT
his enemies invade the land ; or to find a man at arms to fight
within the four feas, or elfe to do it himfelf; or to bear the
king’s fword before him at his coronation, or on that day to
be his lewer, carver, butler^ or chamberlain. Petit fergeantry
is where a man holdeth land of the king, to yield him yearly
fome fmall thing toward his wars: as a fword, dagger, boW|
knife, fpear, pair of gloves of mail, a pair of fpurs, or fuch
like. Conel.
Se'rgeantship. n.f [fromfer]cant.] The office of a fergeant.
Se'ries, n.f. [frie, Fr. Jeriesy Latin.]
1. Sequence; order.
Draw out that antecedent, by reflecting briefly upon the text
as it lies in theferies of the epiftle. Ward of Infidelity
The chafms of the correfpondence I cannot fupply; having
deftroyed too many letters to preferve any feries. Pope*,
2. Succeffion; courfe.
This is the feries of perpetual woe.
Which thou, alas, and thine are born to knowi Pope.
SE'RIOUS. adj. [ferieux, Fr. feriusy Latin.]
1. Grave; folemn; not volatile; not light of behaviour.
2. Important; weighty; not trifling.
I’ll hence to London on aJerious matter. Shakef. H. Vl.
There’s nothingferious in mortality ;
All is but toys. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Se'riousLV. adv. [from ferious.] Gravely; folemnly; in
earned; without levity.
It cannot but be matter of very dreadful confideration to
anyone, fober and in his wits, to think ferioufty with himfelf,
what horror and confufion mufl: needs lurprize that man, at
the (aft day of account, who had led his whole life by one
rule, when God intends to judge him by another. Souths
All laugh to find
Unthinking plainnefs fo o’erfpread thy mihd,
That thou could’fl:ferioufy perfuade the crowd
To keep their oaths, and to believe a god. Dryderi.
Juftin Martyr, Tertullian, Laftantius, and Arnobius, tell
us, that this martyrdom firft: of all made them ferioufly inquifitive into that religion, which could endue the mind with fo
much ftrength, and overcome the fear of death, nay, raife an
earned defire of it, though it appeared in all its terrors. Addif
Se'riousness. n.f. [fromferiousd] Gravity; folemnity; ear¬
ned: attention.
That fpirit of religion and ferioufnefs vaniftied all at once,
and a fpirit of libertinifm and profanenefs darted up in the
room of it. Atterburys Sermons.
The youth was received at the door by a fervant, who then
condufted him with great filence and ferioufnefs to a long gal¬
lery, which was darkened at noon-day. Addifon s Spectator*
S&rmocina'tion. n.f. [fermocinatio, Latin.] The aft or
pradlice of making fpeeches.
Sermocina'tor. n.f. [J'ermocinor, Latin.] A preacher; a
fpeechmaker.
Thefe obftreperousfermocinators make eafy impreffion upon
the minds of the vulgar. Hozvel.
Se'rmon. n.f [fermon, Fr. fertnoy Lat.] A difeourfe of inftruction pronounced by a divine for the edification of the people.
As for ourfermons, be they never fo found and perfeft, God’s
word they are not, as the fermons of the prophets were ; no,
they are but ambiguoufly termed his word, becaufe his word is
commonly the fubjeft whereof they treat, and muft be the
rule whereby they are framed. Hooker\
This our life, exempt from publick haunt,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks.
Sermons in ftones, and good in every thing. Shakefpeare.
In hisfermons unto the foldiers, and in open talk with the
nobility, it fhould feem that he himfelf bad been enough to
have overthrown the Turks. Knolies's Hijlory of the Turks.
Sermons he heard, yet not fo many
As left no time to praftife any :
Fie heard them reverently, and then
His praftice preach’d them o’er again. Crafrazc.
Many, while they have preached Chrift in their fermonsy
have read a lefture of atheifm in their praftice. South.
His preaching much, but more his praftice wrought;
A livingyt77«c« of the truths he taught. Dryden.
To Se'rmon. v.a. [fermoner, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To difeourfe as in a fermon.
Some would rather have good difeipline delivered plainly by
way of precept, or fermoned at large, than thus cloudily inwrapped in allegorical devifes. Spenjer.
2. To tutor ; to teach dogmatically ; to lefton.
Come, fermon me no farther :
No villainous bounty yet hath paft my heart. a imon.
Se'rmoUNTAIN, or Sejeli. n.f. [flex, Lat.] P an^;
It hath a role and umbellate Dower conf.ft.ng of feverai
leaves, which are ranged orbicularly, and reft on the empalement, which becomes a fruit competed of two large oblong
furrowed feeds, having foliaceous r.dges on one ftde. To
thefe notes muft be added, that the lobes of the leaves arc
large, long, and intire, excepting their extremity, where they
are (lightly cut into thtce parts. Miller. SEK0’SITr.
'
, S E R
Bero'sity. n. f [ f'erefitc, Fr ] Thin or watery part of the
blood.
In thefc the fait and lixiviatedferojily is divided between the
guts and the bladder ; but it remains undivided in birds Brown.
The tumour of the throat, which occafions the difficulty of
fwallowing and breathing, proceeds from a ferojity obftrui£tin<r
the glands, which may be watery, cedematofe, and fchirrous^
according to the vifeofity of the humour. Arbutbrtot.
SE'ROUS. adj. [fereuv, French ; ferojus, Latin.]
1. I hin ; watery. Lfed of the part of the blood which feparates in congelation from the grumous or red part.
2. Adapted to the ferum.
I his dileafe is commonly an extravafation of ferum, re¬
ceived in iome cavity of the body; for there may be alfo a
dropfy by a dilatation of theferous vefl'els, as that in the ovaru!,n Arbuthntt on Diet.
SE RPENT. n.f. [ ferpens, Latin.] An animal that moves
by undulation without legs. They are often venomous. T hey
are divided into two kinds ; the viper, which brings young,
and the fnake, that lays eggs.
She was arrayed all in lily white.
And in her right hand bore a cup of gold,
^ ith wine and water filled up to the height;
In which aJerp.nt did himfelf enfold,
That horror made to all that did behold. Fairy Queen.
She flruck me with her tongue,
Mof\Jet-pent like, upon the very heart. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
They, or under ground, or circuit wide.
With ferpeiit error wand’ring, found their way. Milton.
Haply piercing through the dark difguife,
The chief I challeng'd : he whofe pradtis’d wit
Knew all the jerpent mazes of deceit,
Eludes my fearch. p0pi5 Odyffey.
Se'rpentine. adj, [Jerpentinus, Lat. fromferpentJ
1. Refembling a ferpent.
I craved of him to lead me to the top of this rock, with
meaning to free him from io Jerpentine a companion as I
_ Sidney.
This of ours is deferibed with legs, wings, a ferpentine and
winding tail3 and a creft or comb fomewhat like a cock. Broivn,
Nothing wants, but that thy fhape
Like his, and colourJerpentine, may fhew
Thy inward fraud. Milton's Paradife Loft.
The figures and their parts ought to have a ferpentine and
flaming form naturally : thefe forts of outlines have, I know
not what of life and feeming motion in them, which very
much refembles the activity of the flame and ferpent. Dryden.
2. Winding like a ferpent; anfractuous.
Nor can the fun
PerfeCt a circle, cr maintain his way
One inch direCt; but where he role to-day
He comes no more, but with a cozening line
Steals by that point, and fo is ferpentine. Donne.
His hand the adorned firmament difplay’d,
Thofeferpentine, yet conftant motions made. Sandys.
How many fpacious countries does the Rhine,
In vvitiding banks, and mazes Jerpentine,
Traverfe, before he fplits in Belgia’s plain.
And, loft in fand, creeps to the German main? Blackmore.
Se'rpentine. n.J. An herb. Airfworth.
Se'rpentine Stone, n.f
There were three fpecies of this ftone known among the
ancients, all refembling one another, and celebrated for the
fame virtues. They were all of the marble kind: the one
was green, variegated with fpots of black, thence called the
black ophites; another, called the white ophites, was green
alfo, but variegated with fpots of white: the third was called
tephria, and was of a grey colour, variegated with fmall black
fpots. The firft fpecies was chiefly ufed in medicine, and
found by the ancients only in Egypt; but it is frequent in the
defarts of Arabia, in the lfiands of the Archipelago, in Italy,
and we have whole quarries of it in Wales. The ancients tell
us, that it was a certain remedy againft the poifon of the bite
of ferpents ; but it is now juftly rejeCIed. Hill's Mat. Med.
Accept in good part a bottle made of a ferpentineJlone,
which hath the quality to give any wine or water, that fhall be
infufed therein for four and twenty hours, the tafte and opera¬
tion of the fpaw-water, and is very medicinable for the cure
of the fpleen and gravel.' Wott-n
Se'rpents Tongue, n.f An herb. Ainfworth
Se/rpet. n f A balket. Ainfworth.
Serpi'ginous. ad}, [from ferpigo, Latin.] Difeafed with a
ferpigo.
The fkin behind her ear downwards becameferpiginous, and
was covered with white lcales. Wifeman.
SERP/'GO. n.f. [Latin.] A kind of tetter.
For thy own bowels, which do call thee firfc,
Do curfe the gout, ferpigo, and the rheum,
for ending thee no fooner. Shakefpcare.
She had a node with pains on her right leg, and aferpigo on
her right hand. iViJeman.
ToSerr. v.a. [ferrer, Frenfcb.] To drive hard together; to
6
S E R
crowd into a little fpace. Not received into ufe, nor defervin^
• O
reception.
The frowning and knitting of the brows is a gathering or
ferring of the /pints, to refill in fome meafure ; and alfo this
knitting will follow upon earneft ftudying, though it be with¬
out diflike. Bacon s Nat. Hijlory.
Heat attenuates and fends forth the fpirit of a body, and
upon that the more grofs parts contrail and Jerr them/elves
together. Bacon.
Se'rrate. ladj. [ferratus, Latin.] Formed with jags or
Se'krated. j indentures like the edge of a faw.
All that haveferrate teeth are carnivorous. Ray.
The common heron hath long legs for wading, a long neck
anfwerable thereto to reach prey, a wide throat to pouch it,
and long toes with ftrong hooked talons, one of which is re¬
markablyferrate on the edge. Derbam’s Pbyftco-Theology.
This flick is ufually knotted, and always armed : one of
them with a curious fhark’s tooth near an inch long, and in¬
dented orJerraicd on both edges : a feurvy weapon. Grew.
Serra'tion. n.f. [from ferra, Latin.] Formation in the
fhape of a faw.
Se'rrature. n.f [fromferra, Latin.] Indenture like teeth
of faws.
Thefe are ferrated on the edges; but the ferratures are
deeper and grofler than in any of the refl. Woodward.
To Sf/rry. v. a. [Jerrer, French ; ferrato, Italian.] To prefs
clofe; to drive hard together. ForJerry Bacon ufesferr; but
neitherferr norJerry are received.
With them rofe ,
A foreft huge of fpears ; and thronging helms
Appear’d, and ferried fhields in thick array.
Of death immeafiirable. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Foul diffipation follow’d, and forc’d rout;
Nor ferv’d it to relax theirferried files. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Se'rvant. n.f. [fervant, French; fervus, Latin.]
1. One who attends another, and ads at his command. The
correlative of mafter.
We are one in fortune; both
Fell by ourfervants, by thofe men we lov’d moft. Sbakefp.
1 had rather be a countryJervant maid.
Than a great queen with this condition. Sbak. R. III.
He difdain’d not
Thenceforth the form of fervant to afliime. Milton:
For mafter or forfervant here to call
Was all alike, where only two were all. Dryden»
2. One in a ftate of fubjedion. Unufual.
Being unprepar’d.
Our will became the Jervant to defeft.
Which elfe fhould free have wrong’d. SJoak. Macbeth.
3. A word of civility ufed to fuperiours or equals.
This fubjedion ,due from all men to all men, is fomething
more than the compliment of courfe, when our betters tell us
they are our humble fervants, but underftand us to be their
flaves. Swift.
ToSe'rvant- v. a. [from the noun.] Tofubjcd. Not in ufe.
My affairs
Are fervanted to others : though I owe
My revenge properly, remiffion lies
In Volfcian breafts. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
To SERVE, v. a. [fervir, French ; fervio, Latin.]
1. io attend at command.
Bccaufe thou art my brother, fhould’fl: thou therefore ferve
me for nought? Gen. xxix. 15.
A goddefs among gods ador’d, and ferv’d
By angels numberlefs, thy daily train. Milton,
2. To obey fervilely or meanly.
When wealthy, fhew thy wifdom not to be
To wealth a fervant, but make wealth ferve thee. Denham.
3. To fupply with food ceremonioufly.
Others, pamper’d in their fhamelefs pride,
Are ferv'd in plate, and in their chariots ride. Dryden.
4. To bring as a menial attendant.
Bid them cover the table, ferve in the meat, and we will
come in to dinner.- Sbakefp. Merck. of Venice.
Soon after our dinner wasferved in, which was right good
viands, both for bread and meat: we had alfo drink of three
forts, all wholfome and good. Bacon.
Befmeared with the horrid juice of fepia, they danced a lit¬
tle in phantaftick poftures, retired awhile, and then returned
ferving up a banquet as at folemn funerals. Taylor,
Some part he roafts; then ferves it up fo dreft,
And bids me welcome to this humble feaft :
Mov’d with difdain,
I with avenging flames the palace burn’d. Dryden
The fame mt£, fhould beflrvd up again for fupper, and
breakfaft next morning A lulhn. Hijlory of John bull.
5. 1 o be (ub/ervient or fubordtnate to.
Bodies bright and greater fhould not ferve
The lefs not bright. J
6. To fupply'with any thing.
They^thatferve the city, {hallferve it out of all the tribes
of Ifrael. ‘ EZek. xlviti. iq.
7. To
Milton.
I
S E R S E R
7* To obey in military adtions.
8. To be diffident to.
If any fubjedt, intereft, or fancy has recommended, their
reafoning is after their fafhion ; itJerves their turn. Locke.
9. To be of ufe to ; to affift.
When a ftorm of a fad mifchance beats upon our fpirits,
turn it into fome advantage, by obferving where it can ferve
another end, either of religion or prudence. Taj lor.
10. To promote.
He confider’d every creature
Mod opportune mightferve his wiles. Milton.
11. To comply with.
They think herein we ferve the time, becaufe thereby we
either hold or feek preferment. Hooker.
12. To fatisfy; to content.
As the former empty plea ferved the fottifh Jews, this
equallyferves thefe to put them into a fool’s paradife, by feed¬
ing their hopes, without changing their lives. South.
Nothing would ferve them then but riding. VEjlrange.
One half-pint bottle ferves them both to dine.
And is at once their vinegar and wine. Pope,
13. To ftand inftead of any thing to one.
The dull flat falfhood ferves for policy.
And in the cunning, truth itfelf’s a lye. Pope.
14. [&fervirde, French.] To Serve himfelf of. To make ufe
of. A mere Gallicifm.
A complete brave man mud know folidly the main end he
is in the world for; and withal how to ferve himfelf of the
divine’s high contemplations, of the metaphyfleian’s fubtile
fpeculations, and of the natural philofopher’s minute obfervations. Digby on the Soul.
They wouldferve themfelves of this form. Taylor.
I willferve myfe'lf of this conceflion. Chillingworth.
It is much more eafy for men to ferve their own ends of
thofe principles, which they do not put into men, but find
there. TUlotJon s Sermons.
If they elevate themfelves, ’tis only to fall from a higher
place, becaufe they ferve themj'elves of other men’s wings,
neither underftanding their ufe nor virtue. Dryden s Dufrejn.
15. To requite: as, he ferved me ungratefully.
16. [In divinity.] To worfhip the Supreme Being.
Matters hid leave to God, himferve and fear. Milton.
17. To Serve a warrant. To feize an offender, and carry to
juftice.
To Serve, v. n.
1. To be a fervant, or Have.
Ifrael ferved for a wife, and for a wife he kept fheep. Hof.
We will give thee this alfo, for the fervice which thou fhalt
ferve with me. Gen. xx. 27.
2. To be in fubjedlion.
Thou haft made me toferve with thy fins; thou haft wearied
me with thine iniquities. ]f xliii. 24.
3. To attend ; to wait.
Martha was cumbered about muchferving, and faid. Lord,
do’ft thou not care that my lifter hath left me to ferve alone ?
Luke x. 40.
4. To adl in war.
Both more or lefs have given him the revolt j
And none ferve with but conftrained things,
Whofe hearts are abfent too. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Many noble gentlemen came out of all parts of Italy, who
had before been great commanders, but now ferved as private
gentlemen without pay. Knolles s Hiftory of the Turks.
5. To produce the end defired.
The look bewrayed, that as fhe ufed thefe ornaments, not
for herfelf, but to prevail with another, fo Ihe feared that all
would not ferve. Sidney.
6. To be fufficient for a purpofe.
Take it, fhe faid ; and when your needs require,
This little brand will ferve to light your fire. Dryden.
7. Tofuit; to be convenient.
We have the fummary of all our griefs,
When time {hall ferve to (hew in articles. Shakefp. H. IV.
Yet timeferves, wherein you may redeem
Your banifh’d honours. Shakef H. IV.
As occafion ferves, this noble queen
And prince fhall follow with a frefh fupply. Shakef. H. VI.
Read that; .’tis with the royal fignet fign’d,
And given me by the king, when time Ihouldferve,
To be perus’d by you. Dryden’s Spanijh Fryar.
8: To conduce; to be of ufe.
Churches, as every thing elfe, receive their chief perfec¬
tion from the end vvhereunto they ferve. Hooker.
Our fpcech to worldly fuperiors we frame in fuch fort as
ferveth belt to inform and perfuadc the minds of them, who
otherwife neither could nor would greatly regard our necefHooker.
Priefts ferve unto the example and Ihadow of heavenly
things. Hebr. viii. 5.
Who lencns tnec5 againft his purpofe Jerves
To manifeft the more thy might. Milton.
Falhion is, for the molt part, nothing but the oflentation
of riches; and therefore the high price of what ferves to
that, rather encreafes than leffens its vent. Locke.
Firft inveftigate the variety of motions and figures made by
the organs which ferve for articulation, and the variety of
matter to which thofe articulations are feverally applied. Hold.
Our vidtory only ferved to lead us on to further vifionary
profpedls. Swift.
9. To officiate or minifter.
Se'rvice. n.f [fervice, Fr. fervitium, Latin.]
1. Menial office; low bufinefsdone at the command of a mafter.
7 he banifh’d Kent, who in difguife
Follow’d his king, and did him fervice
Improper for a Have. Shakefp. K. Lear.
2. Attendance of a fervant.
Both fell by our fervants, by thofe men we lov’d moft:
A moft unnatural and faithlefsJhvice.• Shakefp.
3. Place ; office of a fervant.
I have ferved prince Florizel; but now I am out of fer»
vice. Shakefpeare.
By oppreffing and betraying me,
Thou might’ft have fooner got another fervice. Shakef.
Thefe that accufe him are a yoke of his difearded men;
very rogues, now they be out of fervice. Shakefp.
A court, properly a fair, the end of it trade and gain; for
none would go to fervice that thinks he has enough to live
well of himfelf. Temple.
4. Any thing done bv way of duty to a fuperior.
Thatfervice is notfrvice, fo being done.
But being fo allow’d. Shakefp. Cymleline.
This poem was the laft piece offervice I did for my mafter
King Charles. Dryden.
5. Attendance on any fuperiour.
Madam, I entreat true peace of you.
Which I will purchafe with my duteous fervice. Shakefp.
Riches gotten byjcrvice, tho’ it be of the beft rife, yet when
gotten by flattery, may be placed amongft the worft. Bacon.
6. Profeffion of refpedt uttered or fent.
I am a woman, lacking wit,
To make a feemly anfwer to fuch perfons.
Pray do myfervice to his majefty. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
7. Obedience; fubmiffion.
Thou nature, art my Goddefs ; to thy law
My fervices are bound. Shakefp. K. Lear.
God requires no man’sfervice upon hard and unreafonable
Terms. Tillotf. Serm.
8. Adt on the performance of which poffeffion depends.
Altho’ they built caftles and made freeholders, yet were
there no tenures and fervices referved to the crown; but the
lords drew all the refpedt and dependency of the common
people unto themfelves. Davies’s State ofIreland.
9. Adtual duty ; office.
The order of human fociety cannot be preferved, nor the
fervices requifite to the fupport of it be fupplied, without adiftindlion of ftations, and a long fubordination of offices. Roger.
10. Employment; bufinefs.
If ftations of power and truft were conftantly made the
rewards of virtue, men of great abilities would endeavour
to excel in the duties of a religious life, in order to qualify
themfelves for publick fervice. Swift.
11. Military duty.
When he cometh to experience of fervice abroad, or is
put to a piece or pike, he maketh a worthy foldier. Spenfer.
At the parliament at Oxford his youth and want of expe¬
rience in fea fervice had fomewhat been fhrewdly touch¬
ed, even before the fluices of popular liberty were yet fet
open. Wotton’s Buckingham.
12. A military achievement.
Such fellows 'will learn you by rote where fervices were
done, at fuch and luch a breach. Shakefp. Hen. V.
13. Purpofe; ufe.
All the veffels of the king’s houfe are not for ufes of ho¬
nour, fome be common fluff, and for mean fervices, yet pro¬
fitable. Spelman.
14. Ufeful office ; advantage.
The ftork’s plea, when taken in a net, was the fervice
{he did in picking up venemous creatures. VEjlrange.
The clergy prevent themfelves from doing much Jervice to
religion, by affedting fo much to converfe with each other.
and caring fo little to mingle with the laity. Swift:
Gentle ftreams vifit populous towns in their courfe, and
are at once of ornament and jet vice to them. Pope.
15. Favour.
To thee a woman’sfervices are due, ^
My fool ufurps my body. Shakefp. A. Lear.
16. Publick office of devotion.
According to this form of theirs, it muft Hand for a^rule.
no fermon, no Jervice. Hooker.
If that 'very'fervice of God in the Jewiffi fynagogues,
which our Lord did approve and fandtify with his own pre¬
fence, had fo large portions of the law and prophets, together
with the many prayers and pfalms read day by day, as equal
in a manner the length ot ours, and j et in that refpedt
was
i
S E R
was never thought to deferv'e blame; is it now an offence
that the like mealure of time is beftowed in the like man¬
ner ? Hooker.
I know no neceffity why private and Angle abilities fliould
quite juftle out and deprive the church of the joint abilities
and concurrent gifts of many learned and godly men, fuch
as the compofer3 of thefrvice-book were. K Charles.
The congregation was difeompofed, and divineJervice broke,1off- , , Watts.
18. Courfe; order of dilhes.
Cleopatra made Antony a fupper fumptuous and royal;
howbeit there was no extraordinary Jervice fecn on the
board- , r . r , Hake-will.
19. A tree and fruit. [Jorlus, Latin.]
7 he flowei confifts of leveral leaves, which are placed or¬
bicularly, and expand in form of a refe, whofe flower-cup
afterwards becomes a fruit fhaped like a pear or medlar: to
\vnid) mult be added, pennated leaves like that of the
aih- _ Miller.
. Oftober is drawn in a garment of yellow and carnation;
in his left hand a bafket of Jervices, medlars, and other fruits
c th/at riPen ^te. Peacbam.
R vice able. adj. [fc^vijjublc^ old French, from frvicc.]
1. Active ; diligent 5 officious.
He was fent.to the King’s court, with letters from that
officer, containing his own Jerviccablc diligence in difeoverinofo great a perfonage; adding withal more than was true of his
conjectures. Sidney.
I know thee well, a ferviceable villain;
As duteous to the vices of thy miftrefs
As badnefs could defire. Shake/p. K. Lear.
2. Ufeful; beneficial.
Religion hath force to qualify all forts ofmen, and to make
them, in publick affairs, the more ferviceable ; governors the
apter to rule with confcience; inferiors, for confidence fake,
the willing# to obey. Hooker.
So your father charg’d me at our parting,
Beferviceable to my fon. ^ Shakefp.
His own inclinations were to confine himfelf to his own
bufinefs, and beferviceable to religion and learning. Atterbury.
A book to juftify the revolution, archbifhop Tillotfon re¬
commended to the.king as the moft ferviceable treatife could
have been publilhed then. Swift.
Serviceable ness. n.f [from ferviceable.]
1. Officioufnefs; activity.
He might continually be in her prefence, fhewing more
humbleferviceablenefs and joy to content her than ever bef°Le*r , r , „ Sidney.
2. Uiefulnefs; beneficialnefs.
All aftion being for fome end, its aptnefs to be commanded or forbidden, mull he founded upon itsferviceablenefs or
dinerviceablenefs to fome end. Norris.
SeRvile. adj. [ fervil, French; ferviles, Latin.]
1. Slavifh ; dependant; mean.
Fight and die, is death deftroying death :
Where fearing dying, pays death Jervile breath. Shakefp.
Jbrom impofition of ftrid laws to free
Acceptance of large grace, from fervile fear
, MiUm.
Rv n fortune rules no more a fervile land,
Where exil’d tyrants ftill by turns command. Pope.
2. Fawning; cringing. 1
T ne moft fervile flattery is lodged the moft eafily in the
grofkft capacity; for their oidinary conceit draweth a yield¬
ing to their greaters, and then have they not wit to difeern
the right degrees of duty. Sidney.
She muft bend the fervile knee,
^ And fawning take the fplendid robber’s boon. Thomfon.
Servilely, adv. [from fervile.] Meanly; flavilhly.
T’ each changing news, they chang’d affections brine-.
And fervilely from fate expedt a King. Dryd. Aurengzebe.
e affects a Angularity in his adions and thoughts, rather
. ^hian Jervileiy to copy from the wifeft. Swift
SeRvileness. \ .' J *
Servi'lity. 5 n'J' Uxomfrvile.]
j. Slavilhnefs 5 involuntary obedience.
What, belides this unhappy/erro/ity to cuftom, can poffibly
reconcile men that own chriftianity, to a praaice widely
dutant from it r r ]
2. Meannefs; dependance; bafenefs. ’ * on&uc'
The angels and demons-,^ thofe by their fubferviency, and
thefe by theferviltty of their obedience, manifeftly declared
Chrift and his apoftles to be vefted with an authority deri¬
ved from their Lord. 2 Wed
3. Slavery, the condition of a flave. '
To be a queen in bondage, is more vile
Than is a flave in bafe fervility;
For princes fliould be free. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Se rving-man, n. f. [ferve and man.] A menial fervant.
r our niece did more favours to the duke’s ferving-man, than
' ever flie beftowed on me. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
3
Suckling.
Swift.
S E S
* » '«» J ‘ » % * - ; «
Juft in the nick; tile cook knock’d thricej
Aqd all the waiters in a trice
His fummons did obey ;
Each ferving-man^ with difli in hand.
March’d boldly up, like our train’d band.
Presented and away.
With Dennis you did ne’er combine,
Not you, ti> fteal your mafter’s winej
Except a bottle now and then,
To welcome brotherferving-men.
Se'kVITor. n.f [ferviteur, French.]
1. Servant; attendant. A word obfolete.
This workman, whofe fervitor nature is, being only one,
the heathens imagining to be more, gave him in the fky the
name of Jupiter; in the air, of Juno ; in the water, of Nep¬
tune; in the earth, ofVefta; and Ceres. Hooker.
Your trufty and moft valiantfervitor,
With his free duty recommends you thus. Shakefp.
Thus are poor fervitorr,
When others deep upon their quiet beds,
Conftrain’d to watch in darknefs, rain and cold. Shakefp.
Our Norman conqueror gave away to his fervitors the
lands and pofieffions of fuch as did oppofe his invalion. Davies.
Fearful commenting
Is leaden frvitor to dull delay;
Delay leads impotent and fnail-pac’d beggary. S'bahfp.
My noble queen, let former grudges pafs,
And henceforth I am thy true frvitor. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
2. One of the loweft order in the univerfity.
His learning is much of a fize with his birth and educa¬
tion ; no more of either than what a poor hungry Jervitor
can be expefled to bring with him from his college. Swift.
SeRvitude. n.f [Jervitude, French; fervitus, Lad 1.]
1. Slavery; ftate of a flave; dependance.
Ariftotle fpeaketh of men, whom nature hath fram e! for
the ftate of fervitude, faying, they have reafon fo far fortli
as to conceive when others dired them. Hooker.
You would have fold your king to flaughter.
His princes and his peers to fervitude,
His fubjeds to oppreffion and contempt. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Tho’ it is neceffary, that fome perfons in the world fliould
be in love with a fplendid fervitude, yet certainly they muft
be much beholding to their own fancy, that they can be
pleafed at it; for he that rifes up early, and goes to bed
late, only to receive addreffes, is really as much abridged in
his freedom, as he that waits to prefent one. South Sermons.
Unjuftly thou deprav’ft it with the name
Of fervitude, to ferve whom God ordains.
Or nature: God and nature bid the fame.
When he who rules is worthieft. Miltoni
2. Servants collectively.
After him a cum’brous train
Of herds, and flocks, and numerousfervitude. Milton.
Se'rum. n. f [Latin.]
1. The thin and watry part that feparates from the reft in any
liquor, as in milk from the cream.
2. 1 he part of the blood, which in coagulation feparates from
the grume.
Blood is the moft univerfal juice in an animal body : the
red part of it differs from the ferurn, the ferum from the
lymph, the lymph from the nervous juice, and that from the
feveral other humours feparated in the glands. Arbuthnot
SesquiaRter. i r r rr • u r rr 1 t ,*
SesquiaRteral. j acP L fejquialtere, rr. fefquialter, Lat.]
In geometry, is a ratio, where one quantity or num¬
ber contains another once and half as much more, as 6
and 9* Did.
In all the revolutions of the planets about the fun, and oj
the fecondary planets about the primary ones, the periodical
times is in afefquialter proportion to the mean diftance. Cheyne.
As the fix primary planets revolve about the fun, fo the fe¬
condary ones are moved about them in the fame ffquialteral proportion of their periodical motions to their orbs. Bentley.
Se'squiplicate. adj. [In mathematicK] Is the proportion
one quantity or number has to another, in the ratio of one
half.
The periodical times of the planets are in fefquiplicate
proportion, and not a duplicate proportion of the diftances
from the center or the radii; and confequently the planets
cannot be carried about by an harmonically circulatinoc ?uld- . . Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
Sesquipedal. j adj. [fefquipedalis^ Latin.] Containing
Sesquipedalian. ^ a foot and a half.
As for my own part. 1 am but af.fqulpedal, having only
fix foot and a half of ftature. sjumr n j
Haft thou ever meafured the gigantick Ethiopian, whofe
ftature ,s above e.ght cub.ts high, or the {cfyufedalia,, pigSESoT„:'aTuIAtN; ^ Havi^h“a;
thirl t Uan 0r, numbei contains another once and one
third part more ; as between 6 and 8. Ddl.
23 Q. Ssss,
V
SET
Sess. w. f [for ajfefs, ccf, or cenfe.] Rate; cefs charged;
His army was fo ill paid and governed, as the Englifh fuffered more damage by the fjs of his foldiers t lan tjey gained profit or fecurity by abating the pride o t eir cnemicks> 1 Daviess Hi/l. of Ireland.
Se'ssion. n.f [fejjhn, French; fjfo, Latin.]
1. The aft of fitting. , . •
He hath as man, not as God only, a fupreme dominion
over quick and dead ; for fo much his afeenhon into heaven,
and hisfejfton at the right-hand of God do import Hooker
Many, tho’ they concede a table-gefture, will hardly al¬
low this ufual way of fejfton. down’s Vulg. Errors.
2. An affembly of magiftrates or fenators.
They are ready t’appear
Where you (hall hold your fejfton. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Summon afejfton that we may arraign
Our moft difloyal lady. Sbakejp.
The old man mindful ftill of moan.
Weeping, thus befpake thefejfton. Chapmans Horn. Odyf
Of theirfejfton ended they bid cry
The great refult. Milton.
Call’d to council all the Achaian ftates,
Nor herald fworn the fejfton to proclaim. Pope’s Odyf.
3. The fpace for which an affembly fits, without intermiffion
or recefs.
It was contrary to the churfe of parliament, that any bill
that had been rejefted Ihould be again preferred the famofefr Clarendon.
The fecond Nicene council affords us plentiful afliftance,
in the firftfejfton, wherein the pope’s vicar declares that Meletius was ordained by Arian bifliops, and yet his ordination
was never queftioned. _ Stillingfeet.
Many decrees are enafted, which at the next JeJfion are
repealed. Eon is.
4. A meeting ofjuftices: as the feffions of the peace.
Se'sterce. n.f [fejlerce, French ; Jefertium, Latin.] Among
the Romans, a ium of about 81. i s. 5 d. half-pennyJlerVv g. . Dili.
Several of them would rather chufe a fum \r\fefercesy than
in poundsJlerlmg. Addifn on Medals.
To SET. v. a. preterite Ifet; part. paff. I am fet. [Satgan,
orfatyant Gothick; j-ercan, Saxon; fetten, Dutch.]
j. To place; to put in any fituation or place; to put.
E’re I could
Give him that parting kifs which I had fet
Betwixt two charming words, comes in my father. Shake/.
But that my admirable dexterity of wit, counterfeiting the
aftion of an old woman, delivered me, the knave conitable
had fet me i’ th’ common flocks for a witch. Shakefp.
They that are younger have me in derifion, whofe fathers
I would have difdained to have fet with the dogs of my
flock. Jab. xxx. 1.
He that hath received his teftimony, hath fet to his feal,
that God is true. . John 33-
They have fet her a bed in the midfl ofthe llain. Ezek. xxxii.
God fet them in the firmament, to give light upon the
earth. Gen. 1. 17.
In their felting of their threfhold by my threfholds, they
have defiled my holy name. Ezek. xliii. 8.
I have fet thee for a tower among my people. Jer. vi. 27.
By his aid afpiring
To fet himfelf in glory above his peers. Milton.
She fets the bar that caufes all my pain;
One gift refufed, makes all their bounty vain. Dryd.
The lives of the revealers may be juftly enough fet over
againft the revelation, to find whether they agree. A.teib.
2.To put into any condition, ftate, or poflure.
They thought the very dtfturbancc of things eftablifhcd an
hire fufficient to fet them on work. Hooker.
That man that fits within a monarch’s heart,
Would he abufe the count’nance of the king,
Alack! what mifehiefs might he fet abroach ? Shakefp,
Our princely general,
Will give you audience; and wherein
It fhall appear that your demands are juft.
You fhall enjoy them ; ev’ry thing/*/ off
That might fo much as think you enemies. Shakefp.
This prefent enterprizefet off his head,
I do not think a braver gentleman
Is now alive. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Ye caufed every man his fervant, whom he had Jet at li¬
berty, to return. Jer• xxx*v; *6*
Every fabbath ye {hall fet it in order. Lev. xxiv. 8.
I am come to fet a man at variance againft his father. Mat.
Thou (halt pour out into all thofe veffels, andfet afide that
which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4.
The beauty of his ornament he fet in majefty, but they
made images; therefore have I fet it far from them. Ezek.
The gates of thy land {hall be fet wide opeu. Nab. iii. 13*
SET
The fathers have eaten a four grape, and the children s teeth
are J'et on edge. J ei' v0-
The tongue defileth the v/hole body, and fetteta on fire,the
courfe of nature, and is ft on fire of hell. . Ja. iii. 6.
The {hipping might be jet on work by fiihing, by traniportations from port to port. nocon.
This wheel Jet on going, did pour a war upon the Vene¬
tians with .fiich a tempeft, as Padua and I revigi were taken
from them. Bucn.
That this may be done with the more advantage, fome
hours muft be fet apart for this examination. Duppa.
Finding the river fordable at the foot of the bridge, he fet
over his horfe. Ha)vaai d>
Equal fuccfffshad fet tlrefe champions high.
And both refolv’d to conquer, or to die. Waller.
Nothing renders a roan fo inconfiderable; for it fets him
above the meaner fort of company, and makes him intole¬
rable to the better. Govern, ofthe Tongue.
Some are reclaimed by punifhment, and fome are fet right
by good nature. E Bjtrange.
The fire was form’d, {he fets the kettle on. Dryd.
Leda’s prefent came,
To ruin Troy, and fet the world on flame. Dryd.
Set calf betimes to lchool, and let him be
Inftrufted there in rules of husbandry. Dryd.
Over labour’d with fo long a courfe,
’Tis time to fet at eafe the fmoking horfe. Dryd.
The punifh’d crime fhallfet my foul at eafe.
And murm’ring manes of my friend appeale. Dryd.
Jove call’d in hafte
The fon of Maia with fevere decree.
To kill the keeper, and to fet her free. Dryd.
If fuch a tradition were at any time endeavoured to be Jet
on foot, it is not eafy to imagine how it fliould at firft gain
entertainment. , Tiiiotjon.
When the father looks four on the child, every body elfe
fhould put on the fame coldnefs, till forgivenefs afked, and a
reformation of his fault hasJet him right again, and reftoied
him to his former credit. Locke on Educat.
His praftice muft by no means crofs his precepts, unlefs he
intend toJet him wrong. Lockeon Educat.
If the fear of abfolute a nd irrefiftible powerJet it on upon
the mind, the idea is likely to fink the deeper. Locke.
When he has once Chofen it, it raifes defire that proportionably gives him uneafinefs which determines .his will, and Jets
him at work in purfuit of his choice, on all occafions. Locke.
This river,
When nature’s felf lay ready to expire.
Quench’d the dire flame thatJet the world on fire. Addif.
The many hofpitals every where erefted, ferve rather to en¬
courage idlenefs in the people than to fet them at work. Add.
A couple of lovers agreed at parting, tofet afide one half
hour in the day to think of each other. Add'f.
Your fortunes place you far above the neceflity of learn¬
ing, but nothing can fet you above the ornament of it. Felton.
Their firft movement and impreffed motions demand the
impulfe of an almighty hand to Jet them agoing Cheyne.
Men of quality look upon it as one of their diftinguilhing
privileges, not tofet other people at eale , with the lols - f the
leaft of their own. __ Pope.
That the wheels were but fmall, may be guefled from a cuftem they have of taking them off, and Jetting them on. Pope.
Be frequent in filing fuch caufes at work, whofe effects
you defire to know. Watts.
3. To make motionlefs ; to fix immoveably.
Struck with the fight, inanimate fhe feems.
Set are her eyes, and motionlefs her limbs. Garth.
4. To-fix; to ftate by fome rule.
Hereon the prompter falls to flat railing in the bittereft
terms; which the gentleman with a fet gefture and counte¬
nance ftill foberly related, until the ordinary, driven at laft
into a mad rage, was fain to give over. Carew.
The town of Bern has handfome fountains planted, atft
diftances, from one end of the ftreets to the other. Addijon.
5. To regulate; to adjuft.
In court they determine the king’s good by his defires,
which is a kind of fetting the fun by the dial. Suckling.
God bears a different refpeft to placesfet apart and confecrated to his worfhip, to what he bears to places defigned to
common ufes. South.
Our palates grow into a liking of the fcafoning and cockcty,
which by cuftom they are fet to.
He rules the church’s bleft dominions, .
Andfets men’s faith by his opinions.
Againft experience he believes.
He argues againft demonftration ;
Plead’s when his reafon he deceives, .
And fets his judgment by bis paflion. Prior.
6. To fit to mufick ; to adapt with notes.
Set thy own fongs, and fing them to thy lute. Dryden.
r, Grief
SET
Grief he tames that fetters it in verfe;
But when I have done fo,
Some manj his art or voice to fiiow.
Doth fet and fing my pain ;
And by delighting many, frees again
Grief, "which verfe did retrain. Donne.
1 had one day fet the hundredth pfalm, and was Tinging the
fJrft line, in order to put the congregation into the tune, bpeit.
7. To plant, not fow.
Whatfoever fruit ufeth to be fet upon a root or a flip, if it
be town, will degenerate. Bacon s Nat. Hijlory.
I proftrate fell,
To fhrubs and plants my vile devotion paid,
AndJet the bearded leek to which I pray’d. Prior.
8. To interfperfc or mark with any thing.
As with ftars, their bodies all
And wings werefet with eyes. Milton.
High on their heads, with jewels richlyfet,
Each lady wore a radiant coronet. Dryden.
The body is fmooth on that end, and on this ’tis fet with
ridges round the point. ll'oodward.
9. To reduce from a fra&ured or diflocated ftate.
Can honourfet to a leg ? no : or an arm ? no : honour hath
no fkill in furgery then? no. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Confidering what an orderly life I had led, I only com¬
manded that my arm and leg fhould be Jet, and my body
anointed with oil. G. Herbert.
The fra£fure was of both the focils of the left leg: he had
been in great pain from the time of the Jetting. IViJeman.
Credit is gained by courfs of time, and feldom recovers a
ftrain ; but if broken, is never well fet again. Temple.
10. To fix the affedfion ; to determine the refolution.
Set your affedtion on things above, not on things on the
earth. Col. iii. 2.
They fnould fet their hope in God, and not forget his
works. Pf lxxviii. 7.
Becaufe fentence againft an evil work is not executed
fpeedily, the heart of men is fully fet in them to do evil. Reel.
Set to work millions of fpinning worms,
That in their green {hops weave the fmooth hair’d filk
To deck her Tons. Milt.
Set not thy heart
Thus overfond on that which is not thine. Milton.
When we are well, our hearts are jet,
Which way we care not, to be rich or great. Denham.
Our hearts are fo much Jet upon the value of the benefits
received, that we never think of the beftower. JJEjlrange.
Thefe bubbles of the {halloweft, emptieft forrow.
Which children vent for toys, and women rain
For any trifle their fond hearts arefet on. Dryd. and Lee.
Should we fet our hearts only upon thefe things, and be able
to tafte no pleafure but what is fenfual, we muft be extremely
miferable when we come unto the other world, becaufe we
fhould meet with nothing to entertain curfelves. Tillotfon.
No fooner is one action difpatched, which we are fet upon,
but another uneafinefs is ready to fet us on work. Locke.
Minds, altogetherfet on trade and profit, often contract a
certain narrownefs of temper. Addifon.
Men take an ill natured pleafure in difappointing us in what
our hearts are moftfet upon. Addifon s SpeSlator.
An Englifhman, who has any degree of reflection, cannot
be better awakened to a fenfeof religion in general, than by
obferving how the minds of all mankind are Jet upon this im¬
portant point, and how every nation is attentive to the great
bufinefs of their being. Addifon.
I am much concerned when I fee young gentlemen of for¬
tune fo wholly fet upon pleafures, that they neglect all im¬
provements in wifdom and knowledge. Addifon.
12. To predetermine ; to fettle.
We may fiill doubt whether the Lord, in fuch indifferent
ceremonies as thofe whereof wedifpute, did frame his people
ofJet purpofe unto any utter diflimilitude with Egyptians, or
with any other nation. ^ Hooker.
He remembers only the name of Conon, and forgets the
other on fet purpofe, to fhew his country twain was no great
fcholar. Dryden.
iz. To effablifh ; to appoint; to fix.
Of all helps for due performance of this fervice, the greateft is that very fet and {landing order itfelf, which, framed
with common advice, hath for matter and form prelcribed
whatfoever is herein publicklv done. Hooker.
It pleafed the king to fend me, and Ifet him a time. Neh. ii.
Am I a fea, or a whale, that thoufettejl a watch over me?
Job Vii. 12.
He fetteth an end to darknefs, and fearcheth out all per¬
fection Job xxviii. %.
In ftudies, whatfoever a man commandeth upon himfelf,
let him fet hours for it; but whatfoever is agreeable to his na¬
ture, let him take no care for any fet times : for his thoughts
will flv to it of themfelves, fo as the fpaces of other bufinefs
or ftudies will fuface. Bacon.
For ufing fet and preferibed forms, there is no doubt but
SET
that whoifome words, being known, are apteft to excite judi¬
cious and fervent affections. King Charles.
His feed, when is notfet, Ihall bruife my head. Milton.
Though fet form of prayer be an abomination.
Set forms of petitions find great approbation. Denham.
Set places and J'ct hours are but parts of that worfhip we
owe. South.
That law cannot keep men from taking more ufe than you
fet, the want of money being that alone which regulates its
price, will appear, if weconfider how hard it is to Jet a price
upon unrieceflary commodities; but how impofiible it is to fet
a rate upon victuals in a time of famine. Lockc.
Set him fuch a talk, to be done in fuch a time. Locke.
As in the fubordinations of government the king is offended
by any infults to an inferior magiftrate, fo the fovereign ruler
of the univerfe is affronted by a breach of allegiance to thofe
whom he hasfet over us. Addifon.
Take fet times of meditating on what is future. Atterbury.
Should a man go about, with never fo fet ftudy and defign,
to deferibe fuch a natural form of the year as that which is at
prefent eftablifhed, he could fcarcely ever do it in fo few
words that were fo fit. IVcodzvard.
13* To exhibit; to difplay ; to propofe. With before.
Through the variety of my reading, Ifet before me many
examples both of ancient and later times. Bacon.
RejeCt not then what offer’d means: who knows
But God hath fet before us, to return thee
Home to thy country and his facred houfe ? Milton.
Long has my foul defir’d this time and place,
To fet before your fight your glorious race. Dryden,
All that can be done is to Jet the thing .before men, and to
offer it to their choice. Tillotfon.
A fpacious veil from his broad Ihoulders flew.
That/,/ th’ unhappy Phaeton to view:
The flaming chariot and the fteeds it fhew’d,
And the whole fable in the mantle glow’d. Addifon.
When his fortunefets before him all
The pomps and pleafures that his foul can wifh.
His rigid virtue will accept of none. Addfan’s Cato.
Fie fupplies his not appearing in the prefent feene of aCtion,
byJetting his charaCter before us, and continually forcing his
patience, prudence, and valour upon our obfervation. Become.
14. To value; toeftimate; to rate.
Be you contented
To have a fon fet your decrees at nought ?
To pluck down juftice from your awful bench.
To trip the courfe of law ? Shakef H IV.
The backwardnefs parents {hew in divulging their faults,
will make themfet a greater value on their credit themfelves,
and teach them to be the more careful to preferve the good
opinion of others. Locke.
If we aCI by feveral broken views, and will not only be vir¬
tuous, but wealthy, popular, and every thing that has a value
Jet upon it by the world, we {hall live and die in mifery. Addif
Plave I notfet at nought my noble birth,
A fpotlefs fame, and an unblemifli’d race,
The peace of innocence, and pride of virtue ?
My prodigality has giv’n thee all. Rowe's Jane Shore.
Though the fame fun, with all diffufive ravs,
Blufh in the rofe and in the diamond blaze.
We prize the ftronger effort of hispow'r.
And alwaysfet the gem above theflow’r. Pope.
15. To ftake at play.
What fad diforders play begets !
Defp’rate and mad, at length he fets
Thofe darts, whofe points make gods adore. Prior.
16. 1 o offer a wager at dice to another.
Whofets me elfe ? I’ll throw at all. Shakefp. R. II.
17. To fix in metai.
Think fo vaft a treafure as your fon
Too great for any private man’s pofi'eflion ;
And him too rich a jewel to be fet
In vulgar metal, or vulgar ufe. Dryden.
He may learn to cut, polifh, and fet precious,Hones. Locke.
18. To embarrafs; to diftrefs; to perplex. [This is ufed, I
think, by miftake, for befet: as,
Adam, hard befet, replied. Milton.]
Thofe who raife popular murmurs and difeontents againit
his majefty’s government, that they find fo very few and fo
very improper occafions for them, fhew how hard they are
fet in this particular, reprefent the bill as a grievance. Addtf.
19. To fix in an aitificial manner, fo as to produce a particular
effeCt.
The proud have laid a fnare for me, they have fet gins. Pf.
20. To apply to fomething.
Unto thy brother thou {halt not lend upon ufury that the
Lord may blefs thee in all that thou fetteft thine hand’ to Dent.
With whate’er gall thou fet'Jl thyfelf to write,
Thy inoffenfive fatires never bite. * Dryden.
2 r. To fix the eyes.
I willy*’/ mine eyes upon them for good, and bring them
again to this land. yer, xx[v. 6.
2 « Joy
;
seT
)<
WaV,er.
joy falutes me tvhen Ifit
My bleft eyes on Amoret.
.2 2. To offer for a price.
There is not a more wicked thing than a covetous man; for
fuch an one Jettetb his own foul to fale. Eccluf. x. g.
23. I o place in cirder ; to frame.
After it was framed, and ready to be fit together, he was,
with infinite labour and charge, carried by land with camels,
through that hot and fandy country, from Caire to Suetia.
Knolles s Hijiory of the Turks.
24. To ftatioh ; to place.
Ccenus has betray’d
The bitter truths that our loofe court upbraid ;
Your friend wasfet upon you for a fpy,
And on his witnefs you are doom’d to die. Dryden.
25. To oppofe.
Will youfet your wit to a fool’s ? Shakefpcare.
26. To bring to a fine edge: as, tofet a razor.
27. To Set about. To apply to.
1 hey fhould make them play-games, or endeavour it, and
fit themfelves about it. Locke.
28. To Set again/. To place in a {fate of enmity or oppofition.
1 he terrors of God do jet themfelves in array againfi me.
Job vi. 4.
The king of Babylon fet himfelf againfi Jerufalem. Ezek.
The devil hath reafon to jet himfelfagainfi it; for nothin^ is
moredeftruflive to him than a foul armed with prayer. Du°pa.
J here fhould be fuch a being as aflifts us againfi: our world
enemies, and comforts us under our fharpeft fufterings, when
all other things fit themfelves again/ us. TilotJon.
£9. To Set again/. To oppofe; to place in rhetorical oppo¬
fition. '
1 his perifhing of the world in a deluge is fit againfi, or
compared with, the perifhing of the world in the conflagrati°n. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
30. To Set apart. To negleCt for a feafon.
'I hey highly commended his forwardnefs, and all ether
matters for that timeJet apart. Knodes.
31 -To Set afide. To omit for the prefent.
Set your knighthood and your foldierfhip afide, and give me
leave to tell you that you lie in your throat. ShakefpTH. IV.
In 1585 followed the profperous expedition of Drake and
Carlile into the Weft Indies; in the which I fit afide the
taking of St. Jago and St. Domingo in Hifpaniola, as furprizes
rather than encounters. Bacon.
My higheft intereft is not to be deceived about thefe mat¬
ters; therefore, fitting afide all other confiderations, I will en¬
deavour to know the truth, and yield to that. Tillotfon.
32. To Set afide. To reje£t.
I’ll look into the pretenfions of each, and {hew upon what
ground 'tis that I embrace that of the deluge, and fit afide all
the reft. LVcodward’s Nat. Hijiory.
No longer now does my neglected mind
Its wonted ftores and old ideas find :
Fix’d judgment there no longer does abide.
To tafte the true, orfet the falfe afide. Prior.
33. To Say afide. To abrogate ; to annul.
Several innovations, made to the detriment of the Eno-fifh
merchant, are now intirelyfet afide. Addifon.
There may be
Reafons of fo much pow’r and cogent force.
As may ev’n fet afide this right of birth :
If foils have rights, yet fathers have ’em too. Rowe.
He fhows what abfurdities follow upon fuch a fuppofition,
and the greater thofe abfurdities are, the more ftrongly do they
evince the falfity of that fuppofition from whence they flow,
and confequently the truth of the doCtrine fit afide by that
fuppofition. Atterbury.
34. Y?Set by. To regard ; to efteem.
David behaved himfelf more wifely than all, fo that his
name was much fet by. 1 Sa. xviii. 30.
35. To Set by. To rejeCt or omit for the prefent.
You {hall hardly edify me, that thofe nations might not, by
the law of nature, have been fubdued by any nation that had
only policy and moral virtue ; though the propagation of the
faith, whereof we fliall fpeak in the proper place, werefetby^
and'not made part of the cafe. Bacon.
3b. To Set down. To mention; to explain; to relate in
writing.
They have fet down, that a rofe fet by garlick is fweeter,
becaufe the more fetid juice goeth into the garlick. Bacon.
Some ruies were to be fit down tor the government of the
"'Thu . Clarendon.
nal1 fit down an account of a difeourfe I chanced to have
_Wl‘h °fiC of thcfe ru l ftatefmen. Addifon.
:, ' down. I 0 regifter or note in any book or paper;
to put; in writing. 1
Ld: thofe that play your clowns fpeak no more than is fet
down ror them. „ <
T- , , shake p. Hamlet.
Every man, careful of virtuous conversion, itudious of
fcr.pture, and gtven unto any abftincce in diet, was dm*
in his calenuar of fufpeded Pnfcilianifts. 'Hooker.
1 - >.-V* *
SET
Take , , ’
One half of my commiilion, and fit down
As beft thou art experienc’d, fince thou knovv’ft
I hy country’s ftrength and weaknefs. Shak Ccnolanus.
1 he reafons that led me into the meaning which prevailed
on my mind, are Jet dozun. Lccke.
An eminent inftance of this, to (hew what ufe can do, I
{hallfit down. Locke.
I cannot forbearfitting down the. beautiful description Claudian has made of a wild beaft, newly brought frohi the woods,
and^ making its firft appearance in a full amphitheatre. Addijon.
38. To Set down. To fix on a refolve.
Finding him fo refolutely fit down, that he was neither by
fair nor foul means, but only by force, to be removed out of
his town, he inclofed the fame round. Knolles.
39. To Set down. To fix ; to eftablilh.
This law we may name eternal, being that order which God
before all others hath fet down with himfelf, for himfelf to do
all things by. Hooker.
40. To Set forth. To publifh; to promulgate; to make ap¬
pear.
My willing love,
The rather by thefe arguments of fear,
Setforth in your purfuit. Shake/. Twelfth Night.
The poems, which have been fu Wlfietforth under his name,
are as he firft writ them. Waller.
41. To Setforth. Toraife; to fend out.
Our merchants, to their great charges, fet forth fleets to
defery the Teas. Abbot.
1 he Venetian admiral had a fleet of fixty gallies, jetforth
by the Venetians. Knolles’s Hifi. efi the Lurks.
They agreed, all with one confent, at a prefixed day, to
fend unto Vienna fuch warlike forces, as they had in any
time before Jetforth, for the defence of the Chriftian religion.
Knolles’s Hijiory of the Tu: ks~
When poor Rutilus fpends all his worth.
In hopes of fitting one good dinnerforthy
’Tis downright madnefs. Dryden’s Juvenal.
42. To Set forth. Todifplay; to explain.
As for words tofetforth fuch lewdnefs, it is not hard for
them to give a goodly and painted {hew thereunto, borrowed
even from the praifes proper to virtue. Spenfir.
So little have thefe falfe colours difhonoured painting, that
they have only ferved to fet forth her praife, and to make her
merit further known. Dryden s Dufrejnoy.
43. To Setforth. To arrange ; to place in order.
Up higher to the plain, where we’llJ'etforth
In beft appointment all our regiments. Shakcfip. K. John.
44. To Setforth. To fhow ; to exhibit.
To render our errours more monftrous, and what unto a
miracle fetsforth the patience of God, he hath endeavoured to
make the world believe he was God himfelf. Browne.
Whereas it is commonly./^forth green or yellow, it is in¬
clining to white. Brown’s Vulg. Err.
ToJetforth great things by fmall. Milton,.
The two humours of a chearful truft in providence, and a
fufpicious diffidence of it, are very well fitforth here for our
inftrudion. L’Efrange.
45* Yo Setforward. To advance; to promote.
They yield that reading may fitforward, but not begin the
work of falvation. Hooker.
Amongft them there are not thofe helps which others have,
tofet themforward in the way of life. Hooker.
In the external form of religion, fuch things as are appa¬
rently or can be fufficiently proved effectual, and generally fit
tofitforward godlinefs, either as betokening the greatnefs of
God, or as befeeming the dignity of religion, or as concuring with celeftial impreffions in the minds of men, maybe re¬
verently thought of. Hooker.
They mar my path, theyfitforward my calamity. Job.
Dung or chalk, applied feafonably to the roots of trees, doth
fit themforwards. Bacon’s Nat. Hijiory.
46. To Set in. To put in a way to begin.
If you pleafe to aflift and ft me in, I will recollect myMf- , Colder.
47. To Set off. To decorate; to recommend; to adorn; to
embellifli. It anfwers to the French relever.
Like bright metal on a fullen ground.
My reformation, glittering o’er my fault,
Shall {hew more goodly, and attract more eyes.
Than that which hath no foil to fit it off. Shak. H. IV.
The prince put thee into my fervice for no other reafon
than to Jet me off. Shakefp. Henry IV.
NegleCt not the examples of thofe that have carried them¬
felves ill in the fame place; not tofit offthyfelf by taxing their
memory, but to direct thyfelf what to avoid. Bacon.
May you be happy, and your forrovvs paft
Set off thofe joys I wifti may ever laft. Waller.
The figures of the groupes muft contraft each ether by
their feveral pofitions : thus in a play feme characters muft be
railed to oppofe others, and toJet them off. Dryden.
The
S E T
The men, whole hearts are aimed at, are the occafion that
one part of the face lies under a kind of difguife, while the
other is fo much fet off, and adorned by the owner. Addifin.
Their women are perfedt miftrefles in fhewing themfelves
to the beft advantage : they are always gay and fprightly, and
fit off the worft faces with the beft: airs. Addifin.
The general good fenfe and worthinefs of his character,
makes his friends obferve thefe little fingularities as foils, that
ratherfit off than blemifh his good qualities. Addifcn.
The work will never take, if it is not fit off with proper
feenes. Addifin.
Claudianfits off his defeription of theEridanus with all the
poetical ftories. Addifin on Italy.
48. To Se i on or upen. Fo animate; to inftigate; to incite.
You had either never attempted this change, fit on with
hope, or never difeovered it, ftopt with difpair. Sidney.
He upbraids Iago, that he made him
Brave me upon the watch ; whereon it came
I hat I was call; and even now he fpake
lago fit him on. Shakefp. Othello.
Thou, traitor, haftfit on thy wife to this. ShakcJ'peare.
Baruch fettetb thee on againft us, to deliver us unto the
Chaldeans. jer> xJiii. 3.
_ fhoiild be thought to be mad, orfit on and employed by
his own or the malice of other men to abufe the duke. Claren.
In oppofition fits
Grim death, my fon and foe, whofits them on. Milton.
/Fhe vengeance of God, and the indignation of men, will
join forces againft an infulting bafenefs, when backed with
greatnefs and jet on by mifinformation. South's Serin.
Ihe’fkill ufed in drefting up power, will ferve only to
give a greater edge to man’s natural ambition : what can this
do butfit men on the more eagerly to fcramble ? Locke.
A princes court introduces a kind of luxury, thatfits every
particular perfon upon making a higher figure than is confiftent
with his revenue. Addifin.
49. To Set on or upon. To attack; to aftault.
There you miffing me, I was taken up by pyrates, who
putting me under board prifoner, prefendy Jet upon another
fhip, and maintaining a long fight, in the end put them all to
the fword. °
Caffio bath here beenfit on in the dark:
He s aunoft flain, and Rodorigo dead. Shakef. Othello.
So other foes mayfit upon our back. Shakejp. H. VI.
Alphonfus, captain of another of the galleys, fuffering his
men to ftraggie too far into the land, wasJet upon by a Turkifh pyrate, and taken. linolles.
Of one hundred fhips there came fcarce thirty to work: howfceit with them, and luch as came daily in, we fit upon them,
and gave them the chace. Bacon s War with Spain.
If I had been// upon by villains, I would have redeemed
that evil by this which I now fuffer. Taylor.
W hen once I am Jet upon, twill be too late to be whetting
when I mould be fighting. L'EJlrange.
When fome rival power invades a rwht,
Fliesfit on flies, and turtles turtles fight.° Garth's Dijpenfi
50. To Set on. To employ as in a talk.
Set on thy wife t’ obferve. Shakejp. Othello.
51. To Set on or upon. To fix the attention ; to determine to
any thing with fettled and full refolution.
It becomes a true lover to have your heart more fet upon her
good than your own, and to bear a tenderer refpedt to her
honour than your fatisfadlion. Sidney.
Some I found wond’rous harfh.
Contemptuous, proud, J'et on revenge and fpite. Milton.
52. To Set out. To affign ; to allot.
The reft, unable to ferve any longer, or willing to fall to
thrift, fhould be,placed in part of the lands by them won, at
better rate than others, to whom the fame fhall befet out, Spsenf.
I he fquaring of a man’s thoughts to the lot that provi¬
dence hasout for him is a bleffing. L'ERranse.
53. To Set out. To publifh. ... 7
. tife no other authority than that excellent proclama¬
tion/ft out by the king in the firft year of his reign, and an¬
nexed before the book of Common Prayer. Bacon.
If all fhould be fit out to the world by an angry whi^, the
confequence mull be a confinement of our friend for&fome
months more to his garret. Swift
54. To Set out. To mark by boundaries or diftffiaions of
fpace. 1 , \ \
Time and place, taken thus for determinate portions of
tbofe infinite abyftes of fpace and duration,// out, or fuppofed
to be diftinguifhed from the reft by known boundaries, have
each a twofold acceptation. Locke.
55. To Set out. To adorn ; to ernbdlifh.
An ugly woman, in a rich habit// out with jewels, nothing
can become. Dryden.
56. To Set cut. Toraife; to equip.
The Venetians pretend they could fit out, in cafe of great
neceffity, thirty men of war, a hundred gallics', and.,ten
galeaftes. Addifin on Italy.
57. to Set out. To fhow; to difplay; to recommend.
SET
Barbaroffa, in his difeourfes concerning the conqueft of
Africk, fit him out as a moll fit inftrument for fubduing the
kingdom of Tunis. Knol'es.
I couldfet out that heft fide of Luther, which our author, in
the picture he has given us of him, has thrown into Ihade,
that he might place a fuppofed deformity more in view. Atterb.
58. To Sv.t out. To Ihow; to prove.
Thofe very reafonsfit out how heinous his fin was. Atterb.
59. ToSetuJ. To eredt; to eftablifti newly.
There are many excellent inftitutions of charity lately fit
up, and which deferve all manner of encouragement, particu¬
larly thofe which relate to the careful and pious education of
poor children. Atterbury s Sermons.
Who could not win the miftrefs, woo’d the maid,
Set up themfelves, and drove a fep’rate trade. Pope.
60. To Set up. To build ; to eredt.
Their ancient habitations they negledl,
And fit up new: then, if the echo like not
In fuch a room, they pluck down thofe. Ben. Johnfin s Cat'll.
Jacob took the ftone, that he had for his pillow, and fit it
up for a pillar. Gen. xxviii. 18.
Saul fit him up a place, and is paffed on, and gone down
to Gilgal. 1 Sa. xv. 12.
Such delight hath God in men
Obedient to his will, that he vouchfafes
Among them tofit up his tabernacle. Milton's Paradife Loff.
Images wpre notfit up or worlhipped among the heathens,
becaufe they fuppofed the gods to be like them. Stillingfeet.
Statues were fet up to all thofe who had made themfelves
eminent for any noble adtion. Dryden.
I fhall fhew you how toJet up a forge, and what tools you
mud ufe. Moxon’s Mech. Exer.
Patrons, who fneak from living worth to dead,
With-hold the penfion, and fit up the head. Pope.
6r. To Set up. Toraife; to exalt; to put in power.
He was fkilful enough to have lived ftill, if knowledge
could beJet up againft mortality. Shakejpcare.
I’ll tranfiate the kingdom from the houfe of Saul, andJet up
the throne of David over Ifrael. 2 Sa. iii. 10.
Of thofe that lead thefe parties, if you could take off the
major number, the leffer would govern ; nay, if you could
takeoff all, they would fit up one, and follow him. Suckling.
Homer took all occafions of fitting up his own countrymen
the Grecians, and of undervaluing the Trojan chiefs. Dryd.
Whatever practical rule is generally broken, it cannot be
fuppofed innate; it being impoffible that men fhould, without
Ihame or fear, ferenely break a rule which they could not but
evidently know that God hadfit up. Locke.
62. 7aSet up. To place in view.
He hath taken me by my neck, Ihaken me to pieces, and
fid me up for his mark. Job xvi. 12.
Scarecrows arefit up to keep birds from corn and fruit. Bac.
Thy father’s merit Jets thee up to view.
And fhows thee in the faireft point of light,
To make thy virtues or thy faults confpicuous. Addifin’.
63. To Set up. To place in repofe ; to fix ; to reft.
Whilft we fet up our hopes here, we do not fo ferioufly, as
we ought, confider that God has provided another and better
place for us. Wake.
64. To Set up. To raife by the voice.
My right eye itches, fome good luck is near; • t
Perhaps my Amaryllis may appear ; C
I’ll fit up fuch a note as Ihe fhall hear. Dryden. 3
65. To Set up. To advance; to propofe to reception.
The authors that fit up this opinion were not themfelves
fatisfied with it. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
66. To Set up. To raife to a fufficient fortune.
In a foldier’s life there’s honour to be got, and one lucky hit
fits up a man for ever. L'EJlrange.
To Set. v. n.
1. To fall below the horizon, as the fun at evening.
The fun was//. Gen. xxviii. 1 r.
Whereas the fitting of the pleiades and feven ftars is defigned the term of Autumn and the beginning of Winter, unto
fome latitudes thefe ftars do neverfit. • Brown's Vubar Err.
That fun once fet, a thoufand mearter ftars
Gave a dim light to violence and wars. Waller.
Now the latter watch of wafting night,
Andfitting ftars, to kindly reft invite. Dryden's jEk,
Not thicker billows beat the Libyan main.
When pale Orion fits in wintry rain.
Than ftand thefe troops. Dryden's JEn '
My eyes no obje& met.
But diftant fkies that in the oceanfit. Dryden's Ind. Emfi.
I He Julian eagles here their wings difplay, *
0 there ]ikcJetting ftars the Decii lay. 'Garth's Ovid.
2. 16 be nxed hard.
/" § of fpirits together to ref,If,
, k h the. hard one againft another. Boar,.
3. To be extinguifhed dr darkened, as the fun at night,
uja 1 could not fee ; for nis eyes were fit, by rcafon of his
i Kings xiv. 4.
23 R 4. To
age-
SET SET
4. To fit mufick to words.
That I might fing it, madam, to a tune,
Give me a note : your ladyfhip can jet.
—As little by fuch toys as may be poffible. Shakefpeare.
5. To become not fluid.
That fluid fubftance in a few minutes begins 10 fet, as the
tradefmen fpeak ; that is, to exchange its fluidity for firmnefs. Bc>le'
6. To begin a journey.
'So let him land.
And folemnly fee him fet on to London. Shakefp. H. V.
On Wednefday next, Harry, thou fhaltfet forward;
On Thurfday we ourfelves will march. Shakefpeare.
The king isfet from London, and the fcene
Is now tranfported to Southampton. Shakef. Hen. V .
7. To go, or pals, or put one’s felf into any ftate or pollure.
The faithlefs pirate foon will Jet to fea,
And bear the royal virgin far away. Dryden.
When fets he forward ?
—He is near at hand. Dryden's hid Emp.
He with forty of his gallies, in moft warlike manner ap¬
pointed, fet forward with Solyman’s ambaffador towards C011-
ftantinople. Knolles's Hijlory of the Turks.
8. To catch birds with a dog thatfets them, that is, lies down
and points them out; and with a large net.
When I go a hawking orfetting, I think myfelf beholden
to him that allures me, that in fuch a field there is a covey of
partridges. Boyle.
g. To plant, not fow.
In gard’ning ne’er this rule forget.
To fow dry, and fet wet. Old Proverb.
10. It is commonly ufed in converfation forft, which, though
undoubtedly barbarous, is fometimes found in authors.
If theyfet down before’s, ’fore they remove.
Bring up your army. Shakefpeare.
11. To apply one’s felf.
If he fets induftrioufly and fincerely to perform the com¬
mands of Chrift, he can have no ground of doubting but it
{hall prove fuccefsful to him. Hammond.
12. To Set about. To fall to; to begin.
We find it mofl hard to convince them, that it is neceflary
now, at this very prefent, to fet about it: we are thought a
little too hot and hafty, when we prefs wicked men to leave
their fins to-day, as long as they have fo much time before
them to do it in. Calamys Sermons.
How prepofterous is it, never to fet about works of charity,
whilft we ourfelves can fee them performed ? Atterbury.
J3. To Set in. To fix in a particular ftate.
When the weather wasfet in to be very bad, I have taken
a whole day’s journey to fee a gallery furniflred by great mafters. Addifords Spectator.
As November fet in with keen frofts, fo they continued
through the whole of that month, without any other altera¬
tion than freezing with more or lefs feverity, as the winds
changed. Ellis's Voyage.
A ftorm accordingly happened the following day; for a
fouthern monfoon began toJet in. Gulliver’s Travels.
14. To Set on or upon. To begin a march, journey, or enterprize.
Be’t your charge
To fee perform’d the tenor of our word :
Set on. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
He that would feriouflyfet upon the fearch of truth, ought
to prepare his mind with a love of it. Locke.
The underftanding would prefently obtain the knowledge
it is about, and then fet upon fome new inquiry. Locke.
£ 5. To Set on. To make an attack.
Hence every leader to his charge;
For on their anfwer we will fet on them. Shak. Hen. IV.
lb. To Set out. To have beginning.
If any invifible cafualty there be, it is queftionable whether
its activity onlyJet out at our nativity, and began not rather in
the womb. Brown's Vulg. Errours*
The dazzling luftre to abate.
He fet not out in all his pomp and ftate.
Clad in the mildeft lightning. Addifon.
17. To Set out. To begin a journey.
At theirfetting out they muft have their commiffion from
the king. Bacon.
I fhall put you in mind where you promifed to fet out, or
begin your firft ftage. Hammond.
Me thou think’ft not flow,
Who fince the morning-hourfet out from heav’n,
Where God refides, and ere mid-day arriv’d
In Eden. Milton's Parad. Lof.
My foul then mov’d the quicker pace ;
Your’s firft fet out, mine reach’d her in the race. Dryden.
I hefe dodfrincs, laid down for foundations of any fcience,
..were called principles, as the beginnings from which we muft
fet out, and look no farther backwards. Locke.
He thatfets out upon weak legs will not only go farther, but
grow ftronger too, than one who with firm limbs only fits
{till. Locke.
For thefe rcafons I {hallfet out for London to-morrow. Add.
Look no more on man in the firft ftage of his exiftence,
in hisfetting out for eternity. Addifon.
If vve flacken our arms, and drop our oars, we {hall be hur¬
ried back to the place from whence we firftJet out. Addifon.
18. To Set out. To begin the world.
Eudoxus, at his firftfetting out, threw himfelf into court.
Addifon s Spectator.
Eugenio fet out from the fame univerfity, and about the
fame time with Corufodes. Swift.
jg. To Set to. To apply himfelf to.
I may appeal to fome, who have made this their bufinefs,
whether it go not againft the hair with them to fet to any thing
elfe. Government of the Tongue.
20. To Set up. To begin a trade openly.
We have {lock enough to fet up with, capable of infinite
advancement, and yet no lefs capable of total decay.
Decay of Piety.
A man of a clear reputation, though his bark be fplit, yet
he faves his cargo ; has fomething left towardsJetting up again,
and fo is in capacity of receiving benefit not only from his
own induftry, but the friendftiip of others. Gov. of tkcTongue.
Thofe who have once made their court to thofe miltrefies
without portions, the mufes, are never like tofet up for for¬
tunes. dope.
This habit of writing and difeourfing was acquired during
my apprenticefhip in London, and a long refidence there after
I had Jet up for myfelf. Swift.
21. To Set up. To begin a project of advantage.
Eumenes, one of Alexander’s captains, jetting up for him¬
felf after the death of his mafter, perfuaded his principal offi¬
cers to lend him great fums; after which they were forced to
follow him for their own fecurity, Arbuthn.t.
A fevere treatment might tempt them to fet up for a republick. Addijon on Italy.
22. To Sf.t up. To profefs publickly.
Scow’ring the watch grows out of fafhion wit;
Now we ft up for tilting in the pit. Dryden.
Can Polyphemus, or Antiphates,
Who gorge themfelves with man.
Set up to teach humanity, and give,
By their example, rules for us to live ? Dryd. Juvenal.
It is found by experience, that thofe men who Jet up for
morality, without regard to religion, are generally but vir¬
tuous in part. Swift.
Set. part. adj. [from.the verb.] Regular; not lax; made in
confequence of fome formal rule.
Rude am I in my fpeech.
And little blefs’d with the fet phrafe of peace. Sbak. Othello.
Th’ indiHment of the good lord Haftings,
In afet hand fairly is ingrofs’d. Shakef. Richard III.
He would not perform that fervice by the hazard of one fet
battle, but by dallying off the time. Knoiles.
Set lpeeches, and a formal tale,
With none but ftatefmen and grave fools prevail. Dryden.
In ten fet battles have we driv’n back
Thefe heathen Saxons, and regain’d our earth. Dryden.
What we hear in converfation has this general advantage
overfet difeourfes, that in the latter we are apt to attend more
to the beauty and elegance of the compofure than to the mat¬
ter delivered. Rogers.
Set. n.f [ from the verb. ]
1. A number of things fuited to each other ; a number of things
of which one cannot conveniently be feparated from the reft.
Senfations and paffions feem to depend upon a particularfet
of motions. Collier.
All corpufcles of the fame fet or kind agree in every
thing. Woodward.
’Tis not a ft of features or complexion,
The tin&ure of a fkin, that I admire. Addifon.
I Ihall here lay together a newJet of remarks, and obferve
the artifices of our enemies to raife fuch prejudices. Addifon.
Homer introduced that monftrous character to {how the
marvellous, and paint it in a new fet of colours. Broome.
. He muft change his comrades;
In half the time he talks them round.
There muft: anotherfet be found. Swift.
They refer to thofe criticks who are partial to fome parti¬
cularfet of writers to the prejudice ot others. Pope.
Perhaps there is no man, nor fet of men, upon earth,
whofe fentiments I intirely follow. Waits.
2. Any thing not fovvn, but put in a ftate of fome growth into
the ground.
’Tis raifed by fets or berries, like white thorn, and lies the
fame time in the ground. Mortimer s Husbandry.
3. The apparent fall of the fun, or other bodies of heaven,
below the horizon.
The
S E T SET
The weary fun hath made a golden fet;
And, by the bright track of his firy car,
Gives fignal of a goodly day to-morrow. Shak. R. III.
When the battle’s loft and won.
—That will be ere fet of fan. Shikef. Macbeth,
Before fet of fun that day, I hope to reach my Winterquarters. Atterbury to Pope.
4. A wager at dice.
That was but civil war, an equal fet.
Where piles with piles, and eagles eagles fight. Drydett.
5. A game.
Have I not here the beft cards for the game,
To win this eafy match plaid for a crown ?
And (hall I now give o’er the yielded fet ? Shakcfpcare.
When we have match’d our rackets to thefe balls,
We will, in France, play a fet
Shall ftrike his father’s crown into the hazard. Shak. H. V.
Setaceous, adj. [Jeta, Latin.] Briftly; fet with ftrong
hairs; confifting of ftrong hairs.
1 he parent infedl, with its ftifffetaceous tail, terebrates the
rib of the leaf when tender, and makes way for its egg into
the very pith. Derbam.
S&'i'ON. n.f [fetoa, French, fromfeta, Latin.]
A feton is made when the fkin is taken up with a needle,
and the wound kept open by a twift of filk or hair, that hu¬
mours may vent themfelves. Farriers call this operation in
cattle rowelling. ghtincy.
I made a fetcn to give a vent to the humour. Wijeman.
If the finus be of great length depending, make a perfora¬
tion in the lower part by ay^n-needle with a twilled filk.
Wijeman s Surgery.
Sftte'e. n.f A large long feat with a back to it.
Se'tter. n.f. [fromJet.]
1. One who fets.
When he was gone I call this book away : I could not look
upon it but with weeping eyes, in remembering him who was
the only Jitter on to do it. Afcbasn.
Shamelefs Warwick, peace!
Proud fetter up and puller down of kings ! Shakef H. VI.
He feemeth to be afetter forth of ftrange gods. Aflsxvn.
2. A dog who beats the field, and points the bird for the fportfmen.
3. A man who performs the office of a fetting dog, or finds out
perfons to be plundered.
Another fet of men are the devil’sfetters, who continually
beat their brains how to draw in fome innocent unguarded
heir into their hellilh net, learning his humour, prying into
his circumftances, and obferving his weak fide. South.
Se'ttfrwort. n.f. An herb; a fpecies of hellebore.
Se'tting Dog. n.f. [cane fentacchione, Ital. fetting and dog.]
A dog taught to find game, and point it out to the fportfman.
Will, obliges young heirs with a fettinv dog he has made
himfelf. Addiftn.
$E I TLE. n.f [ petol, Sax.] A feat; a tench; fomething
to fit on. .
From the bottom to the lowerfettle lhall be two cubits.
Ezek. xliii. 14.
The man, their hearty welcome firft expreft,
A common fettle drew for either gueft,
Inviting each his weary limbs to reft. Dryden.
To Se'ttle. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To place in any certain ftate after a time of fluctuation or
difturbance.
I will fettle you after your old eftates, and will do better
unto you than at your beginnings. Ezek. xxxvi. 11.
Jn hope to find
Better abode, and my afflicted powers
Jofettle here. Milton.
2. To fix in any way of life.
The father thought the time drew on
Offettling in the world his only fon. Drvden
3. To fix in any place. ' ’
Settl'd in his face I fee
Sad refolution. Milton
4. To eftablifh; to confirm.
Juftice fubmitted to what Abra pleas’d:
Her will alone could fettle or revoke,
And law was fix’d by what fhe lateft fpoke. Prior.
5. To determine ; to affirm ; to free from ambiguity.
T his exactnefs will be judged troublefome, and therefore
• molt men will think they may be excufed from fettling the
complex ideas of mixed modes fo precifely in their minds.
Locke.
Medals give a very great light to hiftory, in confirming
fuch paffages as are true in old authors, and fettling fuch as are
told after different manners. Addifon.
6. To fix ; to make certain or unchangeable.
His banifh’d gods reftor’d to rites divine,
And J'ettl'd fure fucceffion in his line. Dryden's PEn.
If you wiil not take fome care tofettle our language, and
put it into a ftate of continuance, your memory fhall not be
preferved above an hundred years, further than by imperfect
tradition. Swift.
7. To fix; not to fuffer to continue doubtful in opinion, or defultory and wavering in conduct.
This, by a fettled habit in things, whereof we have fre¬
quent experience, is performed fo quick, that we take that for
the perception of our fenfation which is an idea formed by
our judgment. Locke.
A pamphlet that talks of flavery, France, and the pre¬
tender ; they defire no more: it willfettle the wavering, and
confirm the doubtful. Swift.
8. To make clofe or compact.
Cover ant-hills up, that the rain may fettle the turf before
the Spring. Moi timer's Husbandry.
9. To fix unalienably by legal fanctions.
I have given him the parfonage of the parifti, and, becaufe
I know his value, haveJettled upon him a good annuity for
Addfon s Spectator.
10. To fix infeparably.
Exalt your paffion by dire&ing andfettling it upon an object,
the due contemplation of whofe lovelinefs may cure perfectlv
all hurts received from mortal beauty. Boyle.
1 j. To affect fo as that the dregs or impurities fink to the
bottom.
So do the winds and thunders cleanfe the air;
So working feasfettle and purge the wine. Davies.
12. To compofe; to put into a ftate of calmnefs.
When thou art Jettling thyfelf to thy devotions, imagine
thou heareft thy Saviour calling to thee, as he did to Martha,
Why art thou fo careful? Duppa.
To Se'ttle. v. n.
1. To fubfide; to fink to the bottom and repofe there.
This is mere moral babble, and direct
Againft the canon laws of our foundation:
I muft not fuffer this; yet ’tis the lees
And fettlings of a melancholy blood. Milton.
2. T o lofe motion or fermentation; to depofite faeces at the
bottom.
Your fury then boil’d upward to a foam ;
But fince this meflage came, you fink and fettle,
As if cold water had been pour’d upon you. Dryden.
A government, upon fuch occafions, is always thick before
'ltJettieS' Addifon’s Freeholder.
3. lo fix one’s felf; to eftablifh a refidence.
The Spineta?, defeended from the Pelefgi, fettled at the
mouth of the river Po. Arbuthnot.
4. 7 o chufe a method of life ; to eftablifh a domeftick ftate.
As people marry now, and fettle.
Fierce love abates his ufual mettle ;
Worldly defires, and houfliold cares,
Difturb the godhead’s foft affairs. Prior.
5. To become fixed fo as not to change.
The wind came about and fettled in the Weft, fo as we
could make no way. Bacon.
6. "1 o quit an irregular and defultory for a methodical life.
7. To take any lafting ftate.
That country became a gained ground by the mud brought
down by the Nilus, which fettled by degrees into a firm
^and* Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
According to laws eftablifhed by the divine wifdom, it was
wrought by degrees from one form into another, ’till itJettled
at length into an habitable earth. Burnet.
Chyle, before it circulates with the blood, is whitilh : by
the force of circulation it runs through all the intermediate
colours, ’till itfettles in an intenfe red. Arbuthnot.
8. To reft ; to repofe.
When time hath worn out their natural vanity, and taught
them diferetion, their fondnefsfettles on its proper object. Spell.
Warm’d in the brain the brazen weapon lies,
And lhades eternalfettle o’er his eyes. Pope.
9. To grow calm. /
’Till the fury of his highnefsfettle,
Come not before him. Shakejpeare's Winter's Tale.
10. To make a jointure for a wife
Hefighs with moft fuccefs thatfettles well. Garth.
it. To crack as work finks.
One part being moift, and the other dry, occafions itsfetthng more in one place than another, which caufes cracks and
fettlings in the wall. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Se'ttledness. n.f. [fromfettle.] The ftate of being fettled *
confirmed ftate.. 6 *
What one party thought .to rivet to a fettlednefs bv the
ftrength and influence of the Scots, that the other reiects and
contemns. v- J X .
Settlement, n.f. [fromfettle.] Wg harl(S*
1 * ^ of fettling; the ftate of being fettled.
2. I he a£t of giving pofteflion by legal fanction.
1V7 7S’ my field^ niy woods, my paftures take,
Wuhfettlement as good as law can make. Dryden.
- « ' t ’ 3- A
S E V S E V
3. A jointure granted to a wife.
Strephon figh’d fo loud and ftrong,
He blew a Settlement along ;
And bravely drove his rivals down
With coach and fix, and houfe in town. Swift.
4. Subfidence; dregs. ,
Fullers earth left a thick fetilement. Mortimer s Husbandry.
5. Aft of quitting a roving for a domeftick and methodical
Every man living has a defign in his head upon wealth,
power, or fettlcment in the world. . L Ljtrange.
A colony ; a. place where <1 colony is eftablifhed.
Se'twal. n.f. An herb. Diet.
SE'VEN. adj. [yeopon, Saxon.]
i.Four and three; one more than fix. It is commonly ufed in
poetry as one fyliable.
Let ev’ry man be matter of his time
’Till/even at night. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Of every clean beaft thou fhalt take to thee by '/evens. Gen.
Pharmis, king of the Medes, it is Paid, he overthrew and
cruelly murdered, with his/even children. Raleigh.
Sevn bullocks, yet unyok’d, for Phoebus chufe;
And for Diana fev'n unfpotted ewes. Drydens Mn.
Sevenfold, adj. [/even and fold.} Repeated feven times;
having feven doubles.
Upon this dreadful beaft with fevenfold head,
He fet the falfe Dueffa for more awe and dread. Fa. Queen.
Thefevenfold fhield of Ajax cannot keep
The battery from my heart. Shake/. Ant. and C.eopat.
Not for that filly old morality.
That as thefe links were knit, our loves fhould be,
Mourn I, that I thyfevenfold chain have loft,
Nor for the luck’s fake, but the bitter coft. Donne.
What if the breath that kindled thofe grim fires
Awak’d, fhould blow them into jevenfold rage. Milton.
Fair queen.
Who fway’ft the feeptre of the Pharian ifie.
And fev'nfold falls of difemboguingNile. Dryden.
Se'venfold. adv. Seven times.
Whofoever flayeth Cain, vengeance fhall be taken on him
fevenfold. Gen. iv. 15.
Wrath meet thy flightfevenfold. Milton.
Se'vENNIGHT. n.f. [Jeven and night.]
1. A week; the time from one day of the week to the next day
of the fame denomination preceding or following; a week,
numbered according to the praftice of the old northern na¬
tions, as in fortnight.
Rome was either more grateful to the beholders, or more
noble in itfelf, than jufts with the fword and lance, main¬
tained for aJevennight together. Sidney.
Iago’s footing here anticipates our thoughts
A fe’nnight's fpeed. Shah. Othello.
Shining woods, laid in a dry room, within a fevennight loft
their fhining. Bacon's Natural Hiftory.
2. We ufe ftill the word fevennight or fe'nnight 'in computing
time : as, it happened on Monday wasfevennight, that is, on
the Monday before lajl Monday ; it will be done on Monday
fevennight, that is, on the Monday after next Monday.
This comes from one of thofe untucker’d ladies whom you
were fo fharp upon on Monday wasfe'ennight. Addif.
Se'venscore. adj. [Seven andJcore.] Seven times twenty; an
hundred and forty.
. The old countefs of Defmond, who lived till (he wasfevenfcore years old, did dentire twice or thrice; catting her old
teeth, and others coming in their place. Bacon.
Seventeen, adj. [peopontyne, Saxon.] Seven and ten; fe¬
ven added to ten.
Seventeenth, adj. [peoponteojxi, Saxon.] The feventh af¬
ter the tenth; the ordinal of feventeen.
In the fix hundredth year of Noah’s life, the fecond month,
the Seventeenth day, were all the fountains of the great deep
broken up. Gen. vii. 11.
The conqueft of Ireland was perfefted by the king in the
Seventeenth year of his reign. Judge Hale.
SeVenth. adj. [peopoj^a, Saxon.] The ordinal of feven;
the firft after the fixth.
The child born in the feventh month doth commonly
Well. Bacon.
So Pharaoh, or fome greater king than he,
Provided for theSeventh neceflity :
Taught from above his magazines to frame;
That famine was prevented e’er it came. Dryd.
2.Containing one part in Seven.
Thy air is like the firft:
A third is like the former. Filthy hags!
Why do you fhew me this ? A fourth ? Start, eye !
What! will the line ftretch to the crack of doom ?
Another yet? A/eventh! I'll fee no more. Shakefp»
S eventhly, adv. [FromSeventh.] In the feventh place ; an
ordinal adverb.
•. Seventhly, living bodies have fenfe, which plants have
not. Bacon.
SeVentifth. adj. [From feventy ] The tenth feven times re¬
peated ; the ordinal of feventy.
SeVenty. adj. [Hanbpeopontig, Saxon.] Seven times ten.
Worthy Marcius,
Had we no quarrel elfe to Rome, but that
T hou art thence banilh’d, we would matter a!!,
From twelve to Seventy. Shakfp Coriohnus.
We call not that death immature, if a man lives tiliyEventy. Taylor.
The weight of feventy winters preft him down,
He bent beneath the burthen of a crown. Dryd.
In the Hebrew, there is a particle confifting but of one
Angle letter, of which theie are reckoned up feventy feveral
fignifications. Locke.
To Se'ver. v. a. [Sevrcr, French ; fey are, Latin.]
1. To part by violence from the reft.
Forgetful queen, who Severed that bright head,
Which charm’d two mighty monarchs to her bed. Granv.
2. To divide; to part; to force afunder.
They are not fo far disjoined and Severed, but that they
come at length to meet. Hooker.
Fortune, divorce
Pomp from the bearer, ’tis a fuff’rance panging,
As foul and body’sfev'ring. Shakejp. Hen. VIII.
Our force by land
Hath nobly held ; our fvtr'-d navy too
Have knit again, and float. Shakejp. Ant. and deep.
What thou art is mine:
Our flate cannot be Sever'd, we are one.
One flefh ; to lofe thee were to lofe myfelf. Milton.
3. Tofeparate; to put in different orders or places.
Tne angels fhall fever the wicked from'among thejuft Mat.
He, with his guide, the farther fields attain’d ;
Wherefever'd from the reft the warrior fouls remain’d. Dryd.
4. To feparate by chimical operation.
This axiom is of large extent, and would be fivered and
refined by trial. Bacon.
5. To disjoin, to difunite.
Look, love, what envious ftreaks
Do lace the fevering clouds in yonder eaft. Shakefp.
How ftifF is my vile fenfe,
That I fta.nd up and have ingenious feeling
Of my huge forrows ! better I were diftraft,
So fhould my thoughts be fever'd from my griefs ;
And woes by wrong imaginations, lofe
The knowledge of themkdves. Shakefp.
The medical virtues lodge in fome one or other of its prin¬
ciples, and may therefore ufc-fully be fought for in that prin¬
ciplefever'd from the others. Boyle.
6. To keep diftinft; to keep apart.
Three glorious funs, each one a perfect fun ;
Not feparated with the racking clouds.
Butfever'd in a pale clear fhining fky. Shahefp.
I will fever Goftien, that no fwarms of flies fhall be
there. Exod. viii. 22.
To Se'ver. v.n. To make a feparation; to make a partition.
The Lord fhall fever between the cattle oflfrael and of
Egypt. Exod. ix. 4.
There remains fo much religion, as to know how to fever
between the ufe and abufe of things. K. Charles.
Better from me thou Jever not. Miltcn.
Se'vf.ral adj. [from fever.]
1. Different; diftinft ; unlike one another.
Divers forts of beafts came from feveral parts to drink ; and
fo being refrefhed, fall to couple, and many times with Se¬
veral kinds. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The conqueft of Ireland was made piece and piece, by fe¬
veral attempts, in feveral ages. Davies's Hijt. of Ireland.
Fourfeveral armies to the field are led.
Which high in equal hopes four princes head. Dryd.
2. Divers; many. It is ufed in any number not large, and more
than two.
This country is large, having in it many people, and feveral kingdoms. Abbot's Dcfcript. ofthe World.
This elfe tofeveral fpheres thou muft aferibe. Milton.
We might have repaired the Ioffes of one campaign by the
advantages of another, and after fvcral viftories gained over
us, might have ftill kept the enemy from our gates. Addif
3. Particular ; fingle.
Each feveral fhip a viftory did gain.
As Rupert, or as Albemarle were there. Dryd.
4. Diftinft; appropriate.
The parts and paffages of ftate are fo many, as to exprels
them fully, would require * feveral treatife. Davies s Ireland.
Like things to like, the reft to fcvcftil place
Departed. Milton.
Each might his fiEral province well command.
Would all but ftoop to What they underftand. Pope.
Se'veral. n.f [from the adj.]
1. A ftate offcparatbn; or partition. This fubftantive has a plu¬
ral. «,
More
2
S E V
More profit is quieter found
Where paftures infeveral be,
Of one filly aker of ground
Than champion maketh of three. Tujfer. Hujland2. Each particular fingly taken.
This by fome fevcrals
Of head piece extraordinary, lovVer mcfleS
Perchance are to this bufinefs purblind. Shakcfp.
There was not time enough to hear
Thefeverah. Shakcfp.
That will appear to be a methodical fucceffivc obfervation
of thefe fevtrals, as degrees and lleps preparative the one
to the other. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Several ot them neither rofe from any confpicuous family>
nor left any behind them. Addifon s Freeboler.
3. Anv inclofed or feparate place.
They had their feveral for heathen nations, their feveral
for the people of their own nation, theirfeveral for men, their
feveral for women, their feveral for their priefts, and for the
high prieft alone their feveral. Hooker.
4. Inclofed ground.
There was a nobleman that was lean of vifage, but imme¬
diately after his marriage he grew pretty plump and fat One
laid to him, yourlordfhip doth contrary to other married men;
for they at firft wax lean, and you wax fat. Sir Walter Ra¬
leigh flood by and faid, there is no bead, that if you take him
from the common, and put him into thefeveral, but will wax
Tat. Bacon.
Severally, adv. [from feveral.] Dillin£lly; particularly;
feparately ; apart from odiers.
Confider angels each of themfeverally in himfclf, and their
law is, all ye his angels praife him. Hooker.
Nature and lcripturej both jointly and not feverally, either
of them, be fo compleat, that unto everlalting felicity we
need notthe knowledge of any thing more than thefe two may
ejlily furnifh our minds with. Hooker.
Th’ apoftles could not be confin’d
To thefe or thofe, butfeverally defign’d
Their large commiffion round the world to blow. Dryd.
We ought not fo much to love likenefs as beauty, and
to chufe from the faireft bodiesfeverally the fairelt parts. Dryd.
Others were fo very fmall and dole together, that I could
not keep my eye fteddy on themfeverally fo as to number
them. Newt. Opt.
Se'veralty. n.f [fromfeveraid] State offeparation from the reft.
The jointure or advancement of the lady was the third part
of the principality of Wales, the dukedom of Cornwal, and
earldom of Chefter, to be fet forth in feveralty. Bacon.
Having confidered the apertions in feveralty, according to
their particular requifites, I am now come to the calling and
contexture of the whole work. IVetton.
Severance, n.f. [fromfever.] Separation; partition.
Thofe rivers enclofe a neck of land, in regard of his fruitfulnefs, not unworthy of a feverance. Carads Survey ofCornw.
Seve're. n.f [fevere, French; feverus, Latin.J
1. Sharp; apt to punifh; cenforious; apttoblame; hard ; rigorous.
Let your zeal, if it mud be exprelfed in anger, be always
more fevere againfl thy felf than againft others. Taylor.
Soon mov’d with touch of blame, thus Eve:
What words have pafs’d thv lips, Adam fevere? Milton.
What made the church of Alexandria be fo fevere with
Origen for, but holding the incence in his hands, which thofe
about him call from thence upon the altar ? yet for this he
was call out of the church. Stillingjleet.
2. Rigid; auftere; morofe; harfh; not indulgent.
Am I upbraided ? not enough fevere
It feems, in thy reftraint. Milton.
In his looks ferene.
When angry mod he feem’d and moflfevere,
V\ hat clfe but favour fhone? Milton.
Nor blame fevere his choice,
Warbling the Grecian woes. Pope’s Odyffcy.
3. Cruel; inexorable.
His fevere wrath fhall he fharpen for a fword. Wifd.
4. Regulated by rigid rules; ffridt.
1 ruth, wifdom, fandlitude, fevere and pure.
Severe, but in true filial freedom plac’d. Milton.
5. Exempt from all levity of appearance; grave; fober; fedute.
Your looks mull alter, as your fubjedt does,
From kind to fierce, from wanton tofevere. Waller.
6. Not lax; not airy; clofe; llridtly methodical; rigidly exadt.
His grave rebuke,
Severe in youthful beauty, added grace. Milton.
Their beauty I leave it rather to the delicate wit of poets,
than venture upon fo nice a fubjedl with my feverer ilyle. More.
7. Painful ; afflidlfve.
8. Clofe; concife; not luxuriant.
I he Latin, a mollfevere and compendious language, often
exprelles that in one word, which modern tongues cannot in
more. Drydcn.
Thefe piercing fires as foft as navefevere. Milton.
Severely, adv. [ from fevere.J
1. Painfully; afffidtively.
SEX
We have wailed our llrength to attain ends different from
thofe for which we undertook the war, and often to effedl
others which after a peace, we may fevtrely repent. Swift.
2.Ferocioully; horridly.
More formidable Hydra ftands within;
, Whofejaws with iron teeth feveieiy grin. 'Dryd.
SeVe'RIty. n.f [feveritas, Latin.j
1. Cruel treatment; lharpnefs of punilhment.
I laugh to fee your ladylhip fo fond,
To think that you have ought but Talbot’s lhadow
Whereon to pradlife yourfeverity. p*
He (hall be thrown down the Tarpeian rock
With rigorous hands; he hath refilled law,
And therefore law fhall fcorn him further trial
Than the feverity of publick power.
Which he fo fe'ts at nought. Shakefp. Corlolanus.
Never were fo great rebellions expiated with fo little blood,
as for the feverity ufed Upon thofe taken in Kent, it was but
Upon a feum of people. * Bacon.
There is a difference between an ecclefiaflical cenfure and
feverity. for under a cenfure we only include excommunica¬
tion, fufpenfion, and an interdidl; but under an ecclefiallicai
feverity. every other punilhment of the church is intended ; but
according to fome, a cenfure and afeverity is the fame. Ayliffe.
2. Hardnels ; power of dillreffing.
Though nature hath given infedls fagacity to avoid the win¬
ter cold, yet its feverity finds them out. Hale’s Orig. ofMank.
3. Stridlnefs; rigid accuracy.
Confining myfelf to thefeverity of truth, becoming, I muli
pafs over many inllances of your military Ikill ° Dryd.
4. Rigour; aullerity; harlhnefs; want of mildnefs; want of
indulgence.
Se'vocation. n.f. [fevoco, Latin.] The a& of calling afide.
To Sew. forfue. Spenjcr. To follow.
To SEW. v. n. [fio, Latin.] To any thing by the ufe of the
needle.
A time to rent and a time tofew. Eccl. iii. 7.
ToSew. v. a. To join by threads drawn with a needle.
No man feweth a piece of new cloth on an old var¬
ment. Mark. ii. 21.
10 Sew up. To inclofe in any thing fewed.
If ever I faid loofe bodied gown, few me up in the Ikirts
°f it- Shakefpeares Taming ofthe Shrew.
My tranfgreffion is fettled up in a bag, and thou feweft up
mine iniquity. Job. xiv. 17*
To Sew. v. a. To drain a pond for the fifh. Ainfworth.
Sewer, v. n. [efeuyer trenchant, French; or ajfeur, old French;
from affeoir, to fet down; for thofe officers fet the dilhes on
the table. Newton’s Milton.]
1. An officer who ferves up afeall.
Marlhall’d feafl,
Serv’d up in hall with fewers and fenelhals :
The /kill of artifice or office mean. Milt.
The cook andfewer, each his talent tries,
In Various figures feenes of dilhes rife:
2. [Prom ijfue, tffuer.] Cowel. A paflage for water to run
through, now corrupted to floore.
The fenmen hold that the fewers mull be kept fo, as the
water may not Hay too long in the fpring till the weeds and
fedge be grown up. Baco„t
Men fuller their private in judgment to be drawn into the
common fewer, or llream of the piefent vogue. K. Charles.
As one who long in populous city pent,
Where houfes thick, and fewers annoy the air.
Forth ifluing on a fummer’s morn, to breathe
Among the pleafant villages and farms
Adjoin’d, from each thing met conceives delight. Milt.
3. He that ufes a needle.
Sex. n.f. [ fexe, French; fexus, Latin.]
1. The property by which any animal is male or female.
Thefe two greatfexes animate the world. Milton.
Under his forming hands a creature grew.
Manlike, but differentfex. Milton.
2. Womankind ; by way of emphafis.
Unhappy Jex f whofe beauty is your fnare;
Expos’d to trials; made too frail to bear. Dryd.
Shame is hard to be overcome; but if the fex once get the
better of it, it gives them afterwards no more trouble. Garth.
Se'xagenary. adj. [fexagenaire, French; fexagenarius, Latin.]
Aged lixty years. J
Sexage'sima. n.f[Latin.] The fecond Sunday before Lent.
Sexagesimal, adj. [from fexagefunus, Latin.] Sixtieth *
numbred by fixties. *
Sexa'ngled. } adj. [fromfex and angular, Latin.] Having
Sexa ngular. } fix corners or angles ; hexagonal &
Snowfexangular, atleafl ofHarry and many&pointed figure.
I he grubs from theirfexangular abode
Crawl out unfimfb’d like the maggot’s brood. Dryd.
Sexangularly. adv. [fromfexangular.] With fix angles;
hexagonally. J D
Si xe n iii a L. at], [fex and annus, Latin ] Lalling fix years;
happening once in fix years.
. 23 S Se'xtain;
S H A
Se'Xtain. n.f. [fromfextanstfex, Latin.] A ftaniaoffix lines.
Sf/xtant. n.f. [fextaut, French. ] The fixth part of a cnele.
Su'xtary. n.f. A pint and a half.
Se'xtry Y< } »•/ The fame as facriflv ; a veftry. DM.
Se'xtile. adj. [fxtilis, Latin.] Isfucha pofition.or afpcft
of two planets, when at 60 degrees diftant, or at thediltance
of two figns from one another, an,d is marked thus . t ai.
Planetary motions and afpecls,
In textile, fquare, and trine, . .M,lton;
The moon receives the dufky light we difeern in itsJexti e
afpeft from the earth’s benignity. ... GtanviLe
Se'xton. n. /'. [corrupted from facriflan.] An under officer of
the church, whofe bufinefs is to dig graves.
A ffool and cufhion for thefexten. _ obakejp.
When any dies, then by tolling a bell, or befpeaking a grave
of thefexton, the fame is known to the fearchers correfponding with the faid fexion. Gi aunt.
Se xtonship. n f [from fexton.~\ The office of a fexten.
THhcy may get a chfpenfation to hoid the clerkfhip and fextonjhip of their own parifn in commendam. . Sicft.
Sextuple, adj. [Jextuplut, Latin.] Sixfold; fix times told.
Man’s length being a perpendicular from the vertex unto
the foie of the foot is fextuple unto his breadth, or a right
line drawn from the ribs of one fide to another. Brown.
ToShab v.n. To play mean tricks ; alow barbarous cant word.
Sha'bbily. adv. [fromJkalbyd] Meanly; reproachfully; defpicably; paltrily. A cant word.
Sha'bbiness. n.f. [from f:atby.] Mcannefs ; paltrirefs.
* He exchanged his gay Jkabbinejs of deaths fit for a much
younger man, to warm ones that would be decent fora much
older one. _ Aadf. Spectator.
Shabby, adj. [A word that has crept into converfation and
low writing; but ought not to be admitted into tne lan¬
guage.] Mean; paltry. ....
The dean was f> fabby, and look’d like.a ninny#
That the captain fuppos’d he was curate to Jqnny.Swift.
ToSha'ckle. v. a. [from the noun,fi.acldcs, faeckenn, i^utch.]
To chain ; to fetter ; to bind.
It is great, *
To do that thing that ends all other deeds ;
Which Jhacklts accidents, and bolts up change. Sbdhfp.
You muff notfack'e and tie him up with rules about indif¬
ferent matters. Lode.
No trivial price
' • Should fet him free, or fmall fhould be my praife
To lead himfackled. _ Philips.
So the flretch’d cord the fackled dancertries,
As prone to fall as impotent to rife. Smith.
Sha'ckles. n. f. wanting the lingular. [peacul, Saxon,
Jchaeckels, Dutch.] Fetters ; gyves ; chains for prifoners.
Himfeif he frees by fecret means unfeen,
Hisfack'es empty left, himfeif efcaped clean. Fa. fueen.
A fervant commonly is lefs tree in mind than in condition ;
his very will feems to be in bonds and Jhacklts, and defire
itfelf under durance and captivity. South's Sermons.
The forge in fetters only is employed ;
Our iron mines exhaufted and deilroyed
In jhadles. ^ Dryd. juv.
Shad. n.f. A kind ofififh.
"Shade. n.J. [ycabu, Saxon; fchcide, Dutch.]
l . The cloud or opacity made by interception of the light.
Spring no obftacle found here norfade,
But all luEilbine. M ta2.Darknefs; obfeurity.
The weaker light unwillingly declin d.
And to prevailing^/** the murmuring world refign d. KOjC.
7.Coolnefs made by interception of the fun. f
Antigonus, when told that the enemy had fuch volleys of
arrows that hid the fun, faid, that falls out well ; for t >s io
hot w'eathcr, and fo we {hall fight in the Jkade. a. on.
That high mount ol God whence light and fade
ci • u Milton. Shine both. , .
4. An obfeure place, properly in a grove or clofe woo jy
which the light is excluded.
Let us feek out fome defolatofade, and there
Weep our fad bofoms empty. Shakefp.
Regions of forrow, doleful /hades. Muton.
Then to the defart takes his flight; .
Where {fill from fade tofade the fon of God,
After forty days falling, had remain’d. Milton.
The pious prince then feeks the fdde,.
Which hides from fight his venerable maid. Dryd.
5. Screen caufing an exclufion of light or heat; umbrage.
Let the arched knile
Well fharpen’d now affail the fpreadinfades
Of vegetables, aiu! their thirfty limbs diffever. Phi'ips.
In Frazil are trees which kill thofe that lit under their
fade in a few hours. Jrbuthnot.
6. Proteciion; fhelter.
m 1 he parts of a pi&ure not brightly coloured.
»XJs ev’ry painter’s art to hide from fight,
And caft in fades what feen would not delight. Dryd.
S H A .
8. A colour; gradation of light.
White, red, yellow, blue, with their feveral degrees, or
fades and mixtures, as green come in only by the eyes, Locke.
9. The figure formed upon any furface correfponding to the bo¬
dy by which the light is intercepted.
Envy will merit as itsfade purfue. -f Pf
10. The foul feparated from the body; fo called as fuppofed by
the ancients to be perceptible to the figlit, not to the touc...
A fpirit; a ghoft ; manes.
To Trachin fwift as thought the flittingfade
Thro’ air his momentary journey made. Dryd.
Ne’er to thefe chambers where ti e mighty rcfl.
Since thei' foundation, came a nobler gueft:;
Nor e’er was to the bow’rs of blifs convey’d
A fairer fpirit ( r more welcome fade. Udell.
To Shade, v. a.- [from the noun.]
1. To overfpread with opacity.
Thou fad'Ji
The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud
Thy fkirts appear. Milton.
2. To cover from the light or heat; to overfpread.
A feraph fix wings wore to fade
His lineaments divine. Milton.
And after thefe, came arm’d with fpear and fhield
An hoft: fo great, as cover’d all the field :
And all their foreheads like the knights before,
With lawrels ever-green were faded o’er. Dryd.
1 went to crop the fylvan feenes,
And fade cur altars with their leafy greens. Dryd:
Sing, while befide the faded tomb I mourn,
And with frefh bays her rural (hrine adorn. Pope's IPltd.
3. To fhelter; to hide.
E’re in our own houfe I do fade my head.
The good patricians muft hevifited. Shakrfp.
4. Toproteft; to cover ; tofereen.
Leave not the faithful fide
That gave thee being, ftillfades thee and protects. Milt.
- To mark with different gradations of colours.
The portal fhone, inimitable on earth
By model, or byfading pencil drawn. Muton.
6. To paint in obfeure colours.
Sha'dsnes?. n. f. [from fiady] The flate of being fhady;
umbrageoufnefs.
Sha'dow. n.f [pcabu, Saxon ; fchaduwe, Dutch.]
1 The reprefentation of a body by which thelignt is mterceptec.
Poor Tom! proud of heart, to ride over four inch’d bridges,
to courfe his own fadow for a traitor. Shakefp.
Life’s but a walking fadow, a poor player.
That ftruts and frets his hour upon the ftage,
And then is heard no more. Shakefp.
Such a nature.
Tickl’d with good fuccefs, difdains thtfadow
Which he treads on at noon. Shakefp.
The body, tho* it moves, yet not changing perceivable
(Pittance with fome other bodies, the thing feems to ftand ftill,
as in the hands of clocks, and fadoivs of fun-dials. Lode.
2. Opacity ; darknefs ; (hade.
By the revolution of the {kies
Night’s fable fadoivs from the ocean rife. Denham.
His countrymen probably lived within the iuan.e of tne
earthquake and fadow of the eclipfe. Addijon,
3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light, heat, or
influence of the air.
In fecret fadow from the funny ray,
On a fweet bed of lillies foftly laid. . da. fneen.
Here father, take the fadow of this tree
For your good hoft. Shakefp. K. Lear.
4. Obfeure place.
To the fecret fadoivs I retire.
To pay my penance till my years expire. Dryd.
c. Dark part of a picture.
A fadow is a diminution of the firft and fecond light. ^ I he
firft light is that which proceeds immediately from a lightned
body, as the beams of the L11. 1 he fecond is an accidental
light fpreading itfelf into the air or medium proceeding from
the other. Shadows are threefold : the firft is a finglefadotc^
and the leaft of all; and is proper to the plain furface where it
is not wholly pofleffed of the light. The fecond is the double
fadow, and it is ufed when the furface begins once to torfake your eye, as in columns. The tint*Jhadew is made by
crofting over your double fadow again, which Jarxneth by
a third part. It is ufed for the Mfadow, andl ft theft
from the light, as in gulfs, wells, and caves P^T'
After great lights there muft be greattfadows Dryden.
6. Any thing perceptible only to the fight; a gnoft, 4 lpint,
or fhadc. pjencej terrible fadow /
Unreal mock’ry, hence ! , . n :'a
- An imperfea and faint reprefentation : oppofed >0 fubftance.
'' A If fubftance might be call’d thatfadow feem d. Milt
In the glorious lights of heaven we perceive a fadow of
his divine countenance. ? S
S H A S H A
Without the leaf! irripulfe orJhadow of f.itc Milton.
Amortgft the creatures are particular excellencies fcattered,
which are fome Jhadow of the divine perfections, jillotfoh.
8. Infeparablc companion.
8in and herJhadow, death. Milton.
Thou my fluid w
Infeparablc tpuff with me be long. •MiItoft.
9. Type ; myffical reprdentation.
Types and jhad.ws of that deflat'd feed. Milton.
jo. Protection; fhelter; favour.
Keep me under xhefbadifwof thy wings. PflaIms.
To Sh.Td >w. v. a: [from the noun J
1. To cover with opacity. • •
1 he warlike elf much wondered at this tree,
So fair and great, that Jbadowe l all the ground; Fa. £).
1 he Afk-rian was a cedar with fair branches, and with a
fhadowing fhroud Ezek. xxxi. 3.
2. To cloud; to darken.
Millike me not for my complexion;
T!ieflaehw'd livery of the burning fun
( o whom I am a neighbour. Shakeflp.
3. 1 o make cool or gently gloomy by interception of the light
or heat.
A gentle fouth-wefl: wind comes creeping over flowery fields
and jhadcvj. d waters in the extreme heat of i'ummer. Sidney.
4. To conceal under cover ; to hide; to fereen.
Let every foldier hew him down a bough*
And bear’t before him ; thereby fnall \ve Jhadow
The number of our hoft, and make difcov’ry
Err in report of us. Shakeflp.
5. I o protect; to fereen from danger ; to fhroud. '
God fnall forgive you Cceur de Lion’s death,
1 be rather, that you give his offspring life,
Shad winy their right under your wings of war. Shakeflp.
6. To mark with various gradations cf colour, or light.
Turnfoil is made of old linnen rags dried, and laid in a
faucer of vinegar, and fet over a chafing difh of coals till it
boil ; then wring it into a fhell, an 1 put it into a little gum
arabick; it is'good tofbadow carnations, and all yellows. Peach.
troma round globe of any uniform colour, the idea im¬
printed in cur mind - is of a fiat circle, varioufly Jbadovued with
different degrees of light coming to our eyes. Locke.
More broken feene, made up of an infinite variety of in¬
equalities and Jhadowings, that naturally arife from an agree¬
able mixture of hills, groves, and vallies. Aeldif.
7. To paint in obfeure colours.
If the parts be too much diftant, fo that there be void fpaces
which are deeplyftoa(lowed, then place in thofe voids lome fold
to make a joining of the parts. Dryd. Difrcflnoy.
8. To reprefent imperfectly.
Whereat I wak’d and found
Pefore mine eyes all real, as the dream
Hd lively jhadow'd. Milton Parad Loft.
Auguftus is fliadowed in the perfon of ./Eneas. Dryd;
I have Jhc dmed fome part of your virtues under another
name.- ' Dryd.
9. To leprefent typically.
Many times there are three thingsfaid to makeup the fubffance of a facrament; namely, the grace which is thereby
offered, the clement which Jkadoweth or fignifieth grace, and
the word which-exprefleth what is done by the element. Hook.
The fhield being to defend the body from weapons, aptly
Jhadows but to us the continence of the emperor, which made
him proof to all the attacks of pleafure. Addiflon,
Sha'dowv. aij. [from Jhoclowd]
1. Full of fhade; gloomy.
* Thisfhadcicy defart, unfrequented woods,
I better brook than flourifhing peopled towns. Shakejp.
' With Jhachivy verdure flourifh’u high,
A fiukien youth the groves enjoy. Fenton.
2. Not brightly luminous.
More pleafant light
Shad wy fets off the face of things. Milton.
3. Faintly reprefentative; typical.
When they fee
Law can difeover fin, hut not remove
Save by thole Jhadivy expiations weak,
The biood of bulls and goats ; they may conclude
Some blood more precious mutt be paid for man. Milt.
4. Unfubftantial; unreal.
Milton has brought into his poems two aftors of a Jkadowy
and fictitious nature, in the pe: foils of fin and death ; by which
he hath interwoven in hisfable a very beautiful allegory. Addifl.
5. Dark; opake.
By command, e’re yet dim night
HerJhadowy cloud withdraws, I am to hafte
Homeward. Milt. Farad. Lofl.
SH */dv. ad), [from Faded]
1. Full of fhade; mildly gloomy.
'Fhe wakeful bird
Sings darkling, and in JhadicJi covert hid
1 unes her riodturnal note. Milt. Farad. Lojl.
Stretch’d at eafe you fing your happy loves,
And Amarillis fills the Jhady groves. Dry
2. Secure from the glare of light; or fultrinefs of heat.
• Caff italfo that you may have roomsJhady for fummer. and
warm for winter. Bacon.
Shaft, n. f. [pceapr, Saxon ]
1. An arrow ; a milfivfe weapon.
To pierce purfuing fhield.
By parents train’d, the Tartars wild are taught.
With fhafti fhot out from their back-turned bow. Sidney.
Who in the fpring, from the new fun.
Already has a fever got,
Too late begins thofe Jhafts to fhun,
• Which Phoebus thro’ his veins has fhot. JVa’lcr.
They are both the archer and Jhaft taking aim afar off, and
then fnooting themfdvesdiredily upon the defired mark. Adore.
•, So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow
With vigour drawn, muff fend the Jhaft below. Dryd.
O’er thee the fecretjhaft
That waffes at midnight, or th’undreaded hour
Of noon, flies harmlefs. Thomfon,
2. [Shaft, Dutch.] A narrow, deep, perpendicular pit.
'I hey fink a Jhafi or pit of fix foot in length. Garew.
The fulminating damp, upon its accenfion, gives a crack
like the report of a gun, and makes an explofion fo forcible as
to kill the miners, and force bodies of great weight from the
bottom of the pit up through the Jhaft. IVoodward.
Suppofe a tube, or as'the miners call it, aJhaft, were funk
from the furface of the earth to the center. Arbuthnct;
3. Any thing ftrait; the fpire of a church.
Pradfife to draw fmall and eafy things, as a cherry with the
leaf, the Jhaft of a fteeple. Peacham.
Shag. n. f. [peeaeja, Saxon.]
1. Rough wooly hair.
Full often like a Jhag-hM’A crafty kern.
Hath he converfcd with the enemy ;
And given me notice of their villanies. Shakefp,
Where is your hufband ?
- He’s a traitor.
Thou lie’ll: thou Jhag-ear’d villain. Shakefp.
brom the Jhag of his body, the ihape of his legs, his hav¬
ing little or no tail, the flownefs of his gate, and his climb¬
ing up of trees, he feems t; come near the bear kind. Grew.
Frue Witney broad cloth, with itsJhag unfhorn.
Be this the horfeman’s fence. Gay.
2. A kind of cloth.
Shag, n.f A fea bird.
Among the firft fort we reckon Jhags, duck, and mallard. Car,
Shagged.? ?• rr n
Shaggy. { adJ- l>om Jhag.]
1. Ruggedly ; hairy.
1 hey change their hue, with haggar’d eyes they flare*
Lean are their looks, andflo ’gged are their hair. Dryd.
A lion’s hide he wears ;
About his fhoulders hangs the Jhaggy fkin,
The teeth and gaping jaws feverely grin. Dryd.
From the frofty north
The early valiant Swede draws forth his wings,
In battailous array, while Volga’s ftream
Sends oppofite* in Jhaggy armour clad
Her borderers; on mutual Laughter bent. Philips.
2. Rough; rugged.
, I hey pluck’d the feated hills with all their load.
Rocks, waters, woods, and by the Jhaggy tops
Uplifting bore them in their hands. Milt. Parad. Lojl.
I here, where very defolation dwells,
By grots and caverns Jhagg'd with horrid fhades,
She may pafs on with unblench'd majefly,
Be it not done in pride. Milt,
Through Eden went a river large,
Nor chang’d his courfe, but through the floaggy hill
Pafs’d underneath ingulph’d. Milton.
How would the old king fmile
To fee you weigh the paws when tip’d with gold,
And thro w the Jhaggy fpoils about your fhoulders. Addifl
Ye rugged rocks! which holy knees have worn,
Ye grots and caverns Jhagg'd with horrid thorn. Pope.
Shagre'en. n. f. [chagrin, French.] The fkin of a kind
of fifh, or fkin made rough in imitation of it.
To Sha'green. v. a. [chagriner, French.] To irritate; to
provoke. Both fhould be written chagrin.
To Shail. v. n. 'Fo walk Tideways; a low word.
Child, you muff walk ftrait, without lkiewing and Jhailing
to every flop you fet. " HEfrange.
To Shake, v. a. preterit, Jhook\ part. paff. jhaken, or flmL
[pceacan, Saxon; fhccken, Dutch.]
1. To put into a vibrating motion; to move with quickre-*
turns backwards and forwards; to agitate.
Who honours not his father,
Henry the fifth that made all France to quake,
Shake he his weapon at us, and pafs by. * Shakeflp:
I willjhake mine hand upon them, and they fhall be a fpoil
to their lervants. Zech.u 9.
J Jhook my lap and faid, fo God Jhake out every m .n from
Ins houfej even thus be he fluikcn out and emptied. JSieb. v.
The
S H A
7 he ftars fell unto the earth* even as a fig-tree cafteth her
Untimely figs when {he is Jhaken of a mighty wind. Rev. vi.
He Jhook the facred honours of his head :
With terror trembled heav’n’s fubfiding hill*
And from his Jhaken curls ambrofial dews diftil. Dryden.
She fil'd her hufband on the poop efpies.
Shaking his hand at difiance on the main ;
She took the fign* and Jhook her hand again. Dryden.
2. To make to totter or tremble.
The rapid wheelsJhake heav’n’s bafis. Milton.
Let France acknowledge that herJhaken throne
Was once fupported, fir, by you alone. Rofcommon.
3. To throw down by a violent motion.
Macbeth is ripe for Jhaking, and the powers above
Put on their inftruments. Shakefp.
The tyrannous breathing of the North
Shakes all our buds from blowing. Shakefpeare.
When ye depart, Jhake off the duft of your feet. Mat. x.
He looked at his book, and, holding out his right leg, put
it into fuch a quivering motion, that I thought he would have
jbaked it ofF. Trailer.
4. To throw away; to drive oft.
’T is our firft intent
ToJhake £\ cares and bufinefs from our age,
Conferring them on younger ftrengths, whilft we
Unburthen’d crawl towards death. Shakefpeare.
5. To weaken; to put in danger.
When his doctrines grew too ftrong to befcok by his ene¬
mies, they perfecuted his reputation. Atterbury'
6. To drive from refolution; todeprefs; to make afraid.
A fly and conflant knave, not to bc fak'd. Shakef. Cymb.
'This refpite fo.k
The bofom of my confluence. Shakef. Henry VIIf.
Be not loon f.aken in mind, or troubled, as that the day
of Chrift is at hand. 2 Thef. ii. 2.
Not my firm faith
Can by his fraud be Jhaken or feduc’d. Milton.
7. to Shake hands. This phrafe, from the a&ion ufed among
friends at meeting and parting, fometimes fignifies to join with,
but commonly to take leave of.
With the (lave.
He ne’erJho.k hands, nor bid farewel to him,
’Till he unfeam’d him from the nape to th’ chops. Shaiefp.
Nor can it be fafe to a king to tarry among them who are
Jhaking hands with their allegiance, under pretence of laying
faffer hold of their religion. King Charles.
8. To Shake off. To rid himfelf of; to free from; to diveft
of.
Be pleas’d that IJhake off thefe names you give me:
Antonio never yet was thief or pirate. Shakejpeare.
If I could Jhake off but one leven years,
From thefe old arms and legs,
I’d with thee every foot. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Say, facred bard ! what could beftow
Courage on thee, to foar fo high ?
Tell me, brave friend! what help’d thee fo
ToJhake off all mortality ? Waller.
Him I referved to be anfwered by himfelf, after I had Jhaken
eff the leffer and more barking creatures. Stillingfeet.
Can I want courage for fo brave a deed l
I’ve Jhook it off: my foul is free from fear. Dryden.
Here we are free from the formalities of cuftom and rcfpedt: we mayJhake off the haughty impertinent. Collier.
How does thy beauty fmooth
The face of war, and make even horrour fmile !
At fight of thee my heartJhakes off its forrows. Addifon.
To Shake, v. n.
1. To he agitated with a vibratory motion.
Darts are counted as ftubble : he laugheth at thefaking of
a fpear. JobxM. 29.
2. To totter.
3. To tremble ; to be unable to keep the body ffill.
Thy fight, which fhould
Make our eyes flow with joy, hearts dance with comforts,
Conftrains them weep, and Jhake with fear and forrow. Shak.
What laid the wench, when he rofe up again ?
—Trembled and Jhook; for why, he (lamp’d,
As if the vicar meant to cozen him.
A faking through their limbs they find,
Like leaves faluted by the wind.
4- To be in terrour; to be deprived of firmnefs.
He {hort of fuccours, and in deep defpair,
Shook at the difmal profpeft of the war.
Shake. n. f. [ fr0m the verb. ]
1,Concuflion.
Ii that thy fame with ev’ry toy be pos’d,
’ I is a thin web, which poifonous fancies make;
But the great foldier’s honour was compos’d
Of thicker fluff, which could endure n Jhake :
Wifdorn picks friends; civility plays the reft,
A toy (hunn’d cleanly pafl'eth with thee bell. Herbert.
T he freeholder is the bafis of all other titles: this is the
SHA
fubftantial (lock, without which they are no more than blo(-
foms that would fall away with evttyJhake of wind. Addifon.
2. Vibratory motion.
Several of his countrymen probably lived within thzJhake of
the earthquake, and thefliadowof the eclipfe, which are re¬
corded by this author. Addifon.
3. Motion given and received.
Our falutations were very hearty on both fides, confiding
of many kind fakes of the hand. Addifon.
Sha'ker. n.f [from fake.] The perfon or thing that (hakes.
Go then, the guilty at thy will chaftife,
He faid; thefaker of the earth replies. Pope's Odyffey.
Shale, n.f. [Corrupted, I think, for fell.J A hulk; the
cafe of feeds in filiquous plants.
Behold yon poor and ftarved band,
And your fair (hew (hall fuck away their fouls.
Leaving them but the fales and hufks of men. Shakefp.
Shall, v. defective, [pceal, Sax. is originally I owe, or 1 ought.
In Chaucer, the faithe l (hall to God, means the faith I owe to
God: thence it became a fign of the future tenfe. The French
ufe devoir, dois, doit, in the fame manner, with a kind of fu¬
ture fignification ; and the Swedes have fall, and the Iflanders
ffal, in the fame fenfe. It has no tenfes butyW/ future, and
fould imperfed.
The explanation of fall, which foreigners and provincials
confound with will, is not eafy ; and the difficulty is increafed
by the poets, who fometimes give to fall an emphatical fenfe
of will: but I (hall endeavour, craffd Minerva, to (how the
meaning of fall in the future tenfe. J
1. /Shall love. It will fo happen that I muff love; I am refolved to love.
2. Shall 1 love? Will it be permitted me to love? Will you
permit me to love? Will it happen that I muff love ?
3. Thou Shalt love. I command thee to love ; it is permitted
thee to love : [in poetry or folemn di&ion] it will happen that
thou muff love.
4. Shalt thou love? Will it happen that thou muff love?
Will it be permitted to thee to love ?
5. He Shall love. It will happen that he muff love; it is
commanded him that he love.
It is a mind, thatJhall remain a poifon where it is.
- Shall remain !
Hear you this triton of the minnows ? Mark you
His abfolute Jhall? Shakefp. Coriolanus.
See Romulus the great:
This prince a prieftefs of your blood fall bear.
And like his fire in arms he fall appear. Dryden’s /En.
That hefall receive no benefit from Chrift, is the affirma¬
tion whereon all his defpair is founded; and the one way of
removing this difmal apprehenfion, is to convince him that
Chrift’s death, and the benefits thereof, either do, or, if he
perform the condition required of him, fall certainly belong
to him. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
6. Shall he love? Is it permitted him to love? In folemn
language, Will it happen that he muff love?
7. The plural perfons follow the fignification of the fingulars.
Sha'lloon. n.f. A flight woollen fluff.
In blueJhalloon (hall Hannibal be clad.
And Scipio trail an Irifh purple plaid. Swlfi.
Sha'llop. n.f [chalcupe, French.] A fmall boat.
You were refolved, after your arrival into Oroonoque, to
pafs to the mine; and, to that end, you defired to have fir
John Fearne’sJhallop: I do not allow of that courfe, becaufe
ye cannot land fo fecretly but that fome Indians on the river
fide may difeover you, who giving knowledge of your paflage
to the Spaniards, you may be cut off before you can recover
your boat. Raleigh.
There with yourfallop ftay:
The game’s not loft; I have one card to play. Waller.
Our hero fet
In a fmall fallop, fortune in his debt;
So near a hope of crowns and feepters, more
Than ever Priam, when he flourifti’d, wore. Waller.
Sha'llow. adj. [This word is probably compounded of foal
and low.]
1. Not deep; having the bottom at no great diftance from the
furface or edge.
I had been drowned, but that the fhore was (helvy and
fallow; a death that I abhor. Shakef Merry lFives ofWindf
That inundation, though it were fallow, had a long con¬
tinuance, whereby they of the vale, that were not drowned,
perifhed for want of food. bacon.
The like opinion he held of Meotis Palus, that by the
floods of Tanais, and earth brought down thereby, it grew
obfervably follower in his days, and would in pioceh of time
become a firm land. Brown s l u gar Err ours.
I am made a falloiv forded ftream.
Seen to the bottom : all my clearnefs Icorn’d,
And all my faults expos’d. Dryden’s Allfor Love.
Shallow brooks, that flow'd fo clear,
The bottom did the top appear. Dryden.
In falloiv furrows vines fecurely grow. Dryden.
2. Not
Shakefpeare.
Waller.
Dryd. JEn.
S H A
2. Not intellectually deep ; not profound ; not very knowing or
wife; empty; trifling; futile; filly.
I’ll llicw my mind,
According to myfallow Ample fkill. Shakefpeare.
This is a very Jhallow monfter :
Afraid of him ? A very fallow monfter,
The man i’ th’ moon ! A moft poor credulous monfter. Shak.
The king was neither fo fallow nor fo ill advertifed as not
to peiceive the intention of the French king, for the inverting
himfelf of Britaigne. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Uncertain and unfettled he remains,
Deep verft in books, andfallow in himfelf. Milton.
One would no more wonder to fee the moftfallow nation
of Europe the moft vain, than to find the moft empty fellows
in every nation more conceited than the reft. Addifon.
3. Not deep of found.
If a virginal were made with a double concave, the one all
the length of the virginal, and the other at the end of the
ltrings, as the harp hath, it muft make the found perfeifter,
and not fo/hallow and jarring. Bacon.
Sha llow, n.f [from the adje&ive.] A fhelf; a fand; a
flat; a fhoal; a place where the water is not deep.
I fhould not fee the landy hour-glafs run,
But I fhould think of fallows and of flats ;
And fee my wealthy Andrew dock’d in fand.
Veiling her high top lower than her ribs,
To kifs her burial. Shakefp. Conolanus.
A fwift ftream is not heard in the channel, but upon
JkaL'ows of gravel. Bacon’s Nat. Hijlory.
^Having but newly left thofe grammatick flats and fallows,
wnere they ftuck unreasonably, to learn a few words with la¬
mentable conftrudfion, and now on the fudden tranfported, to
be toft with their unballafted wits in fathomlefs and unquiet
deeps of controverfy,they do grow into hatred oflearning. Milt.
You that fo oft have founded
And fathom’d all his thoughts, that know the deeps
And/hallows of his heart, fhould need no inftruments
To advance your ends. Denham.
In arms of the fea, and among iflands, there is no great
depth, and fome places are plain /'hallows. Burnet.
He founds and fathoms him, to find
The Jhallows of his fopl. Dryd. SpaniJJ) Fryar.
The wary Dutch
Behind their treach’rousJhallows now withdraw7',
And there lay fnares to catch the Britifh hoft. Dryden.
Three more fierce Eurus in his angry mood
Dafh’d on the Jhallows of the movino- fand,
, " o ’
/\nd in mid ocean left them moor’d a-land. Dryd. /En.
Their fpawm being lighter than the water, there it would
not fink to the bottom, but be buoyed up by it, and carried
away to theJhallows. Bay on the Creation.
With the ufe of diligence, and prudent conduct, he may
decline both rocks and fallows. Norris.
1 he fea could not be much narrower than it is, without a
great lofs to the world ; and muft we now have an ocean of
mere flats andJhallows, to the utter ruin of navigation? Bentley.
Shallowbrained, adj. [fallow and brain.J Foolifh; fu¬
tile; trifling; empty.
It cannot but be matter of juft indignation to all good men
to fee a company of lewd Jloallowbrained huffs making atheifm,
and contempt of religion, the foie badge of wit. ° South.
Sha'l lowly, adv. [fromfallow.]
1. With no great depth.
The load lieth open on the grafs, or but Jhallovjly covcered- „ ' Carew.
2. oimply; foohfhlv.
Moft [hollowly did you thefe arms commence.
Fondly brought here, and foolifhly fent hence:
Strike up our drums, purfue the fcatter’d ftray. Shakefpeare.
Shallowness, n.f. [fromfoallozu.]
1. Want of depth.
2. Want of thought; want of underftanding; futility; fillinefs; emptinefs. J
By it do all things live their meafur’d hour :
W e cannot afk the thing which is not there,
Blaming the Jhallownefs of our requeft. ’ Herbert
I cannot wonder enough at the fallcwnefs and impertinent
v.cal of the vulgar fort in Druina, who were carried away
with fuch an ignorant devotion for his fuccefl'cs, when it little
concerned their religion or fecurity. Howel
Shalm. n.f. [German.J A kind of mufical pipe.
Every captain w'as commanded to have his foldiers in readinefs to fet forward upon the fign given, which was by the
found of a fhalm or hoboy. Knollcs’s Hijl. of the Turks.
Shalt. Second perfon of fall.
To Sham. v. n. [Jhommi, Welfh, to cheat.]
1. To trick; to cheat; to fool with a fraud; to delude with
falfe pretences. A low word.
Men tender in point of honour, and yet with little regard
to truth, are fooncr wrought upon by fbame than by con¬
fidence, when they find themfelves fooled andfhammed into a
conviaion- x L’Ejlrange.
S H A
2. To obtrude by fraud or folly.
We muft have a care that we do not, for want of laying
things and things together, Jharn fallacies upon the world foe
current reafon. L’hjlrange.
Then all your wits that flear and Jham,
Down from Don Quixote to Tom Tram,
From whom 1 jefts and puns purloin,
And filily put them off for mine,
Fond to be thought a country wit. Prior.
Sh am. n.f. [from the verb.] Fraud; trick; delufion; falfe
pretence; impofture. A low word.
No Jhatn fo grofis but it will pafs upon a weak man, that is
pragmatical and inquifitive. L’Eflrange.
It goes a great way when natural curiofity and vulgar pre¬
judice fhall be afllfted with the foams of aftrological judgments. l’Ej!range.
He that firft brought the fam, wheedle, or banter in ufe,
put together, as he thought fit, thofe ideas he made it ftand
f°r* Locke.
That in the facred temple needs would try
Without a fire th’ unheated gums to fry, s
Believe who will the (olemnfam, not I. Addifon. 3
Sham. adj. falfe; counterfeit; fictitious; pretended.
Never join the fray.
Where the fam quarrel interrupts the way. Car.
Sha'mrles. n.f. [ Of uncertain etymology Scannaylia, Ital.J
1. The place where butchers kill or fell their meat ; a butchery.
Far be the thoughts of this from Henrv’s heart.
To make a fambles of the parliament-houfe. Shak. FI. VI.
I hope my noble lord efteems me honeft.
— Oh, ay, as fummer-flies are in the fambles,
That quicken ev’n with blowing. Shakefp. Othello.
He warned a flock of fheep, that were driving to thefam¬
bles, of their danger; and, upon uttering fome founds, they
aTn fled- . Arbuthnot.
2. It is here improperly ufed.
When the perfon is made the jeft of the mob, or his back
theJhambles of the executioner, there is no more convidion
in the one than in the other. ’ JNatts.
Sha'mbling. adj. [See Scambling.] Moving aukwardly
and irregularly. A low bad word.
By thatJh,ambling in his walk, it ftiould be my rich banker,
Gomez, whom I knew at Barcelona. ID yd. Span. Fryar.
^ So when nurfe Nokes to adt young Ammon tries,
TilthJhambling legs, long chin, and foolifh eyes,
With dangling hands he ftrokes th’ imperial robe, *
And with a cuckold’s air commands the globe. Smith.
SHAME, n.f [yceam, Saxon ; fchaemte, Dutch.]
1. The paflion felt when reputation is fuppofed to be loft; the
paflion exprefied fometimes by blufhes.
Lamenting forrow did in darknefs lye,
And Jhame his ugly face did hide from living eye. Fa. £ht.
Peace, peace, for fame, if not for charity.
—Urge neither charity norJhcnne to me :
Uncharitably with me have you dealt,
And fhamefully my hopes by you are butcher’d :
My charity is outrage, life myfame ;
And in myfa?m ftill lives my forrow’s rage. Shak. R. Ill,
Hide, forfame,
Romans, your grandfires images,
That blufh at their degenerate progeny. Dryden.
In the fchools men are allowed, without fam”, to deny the
agreement of ideas; or out of the fchools, from thence have
learned, withoutfame, to deny the connexion of ideas. Locke.
2. The caufe or reafon of fhame ; difgrace; ignominy.
The more fazne for him that he fends it me;
For I have heard him fay a thoufand times,
His Julia gave it him at his departure. Shakefpeare.
Aaron had made them naked unto theirfame amongft their v
enemies. £x xxxij 25.
Lrod deliver the world from fuch guides, who are thefame
of refen: . , „ W.
f I hls jeft was firft of the other houfe’s making.
And, five times try’d, has never fail’d of taking;°
For ’twere a fame a poet ftiould be kill’d,
Under thefhelter of fo broad a {hield. Dryden.
Ofame to manhood ! (hall one daring boy
The fcheme of all our happinefs deftroy" ? " Pope’s Odyffev
3. Reproach. w
A foulfame is upon the thief. Eccluf v
Applaufe ' * 4‘
Turn’d to exploding hifs, triumph to fame,
Caft on themfelves from their own mouths. Milt
To Shame, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To make afhamed ; to fill with fhame.
To tell thee of whom deriv’d,
Were (hams enough toJhame thee, wert thou not fhamelefs. St.
If thou haft power to raife him, bring him hither.
And I ve power to fame him hence :
h, while you live tell truth and fame the devil. Shakefp„
rpi %Perbolus by fuffering did traduce
c oltracilm, a\v\fam d it out of ufe. Cleaveland.
2 3 I , Defpoil’d
S H A
Defpoil’d » .,
Of all our good, flam'd, naked, mileraalc. >.Im.
What hurt can there he in all the flinders ami di(graces of
this world, if they are hut the arts and rnetho s o piouc ei.ee
toflame us into the glories pt the next. Ml,.
Were there but one righteous man in the world, he would
hold up his head with confidence and honour; he would flame
the world, and not the world him. out).
He in a loathfome dungeon doom d to lie, )
In bonds retain’d his birthright liberty, f
And foam'd oppreffion, 'til! it fet him tree. Dr,dm. )
The coward bore the man immortal fpite.
Whoflam'd him out of madnefs into flight. Drydm.
Who flames a fcribbler, breaks a cobweb through;
He fpins the flight felf-pleafmg thread a-new. Pope.
2. To difgrace. ,,
Ceftes, fir knight, ye been too much to blame,
Thus for to blot the honour of the dead, _
And with foul cowardice his carcafsflame. dairy Jpueen.
So bent, the more {hall flame him his repulle. Rlilton.
To Shame, v.n. i'o be afhamed.
Great fhame it is, thing fo divine in view,
Made for to be the world’s moft ornament,
To make the bait her gazers to embrevv;
Good flames to be to ill an inftrument. Spclifer.
Sham'Jl thou not, knowing whence thou art extraught.
To let thy tongue detect thy bafe-born heart ? Sbakefpeare.
To the trunk of it authors give fuch a magnitude, as Iflame
to repeat. Raleigh’s Uijiory of the ITorId.
Aufter fpy’d him.
Cruel Aufter thither hy’d him;
And with the rufh of one rude blaft,
Sbcm'd not fpitefully to wafle
All his leaves, fo trefh, fo fweet,
Aqd lay them trembling at his feet. Crajkaw.
Sha'mefaced. adj. [Jhatfie and face. J Mooed j bafnful ;
cafily put out of countenance. . _ _ .
Philoclea, who blufhingand withal fmiling, making lhamefacednefs pleafing, and plealure Jhamefaced, tenderly moved
her feet, unwonted to feel the naked ground. Sidney.
Confluence is a hlufhing Jhamefac d fpirit, that mutinies in
a man’s bofom : it fills one full of obflacles. Shah. R. III.
A man may be flamefaced, and a woman modeft, to the
degree of fcandalous. ^ Ejh aage.
YourJhamefac’cl\irtue fhunn’d the people’s praife,
And fenate’s honours. Dryaen.
From this time we may date that remarkable turn in the
behaviour of our fafhionabie Engliflimen, that makes them
jhamefaced in the exercife of thole duties which they were lent
into the world to perform. Acldifn s Freeholder.
Shamefacedly, adv. [fromJhamefaced.} Modeftly; balhfully. TV/r n u n.
Shamefa'cedness. 12.f. [fromflamefaced.] Modefty; badifulnefs; timidity. _ . , , „ , ...
Dorus, when he had fung this, having had all the while a
free beholding of the fair Pamela, could well have fpared fuch
horrour, and defended the aflault he gave unto her face with
bringing a fair ftain of flamefacednefs into it. Sidney.
Why wonder ye.
Fair fir, at that which ye fo much embrace ?
She is the fountain of your modefty ;
You Ihamefac’d are, butflamefajlnefs itfelf is (he. _ Fa. flu.
None hut fools, out of flamefacednefs, hide their ulcers,
which, if fhown, might be healed. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
Sha'meful. adj. [flame and full.] Difgraceful; ignominious;
infamous; reproachful. i
Phcebus flying fo mold flennful fight.
His hlufhing face in foggy cloud implies, #
And hides for fhame. . parr, $utm.
This all through that great princefs pride did fall.
And came toflameful end. ^ , Fairy ted.
For this hefhall live hated, be blafpnem d, ^
Seiz’d on bv force, judg’d, and to death condemn d,
A flameful and accurft ! Milton.
His naval preparations were not more fitrprmng than Jus
quick and flameful retreat; for he returned to Carthage with
onlv one fhip, having fled without (hiking one ftroke. Arbuth.
J '1 he knave of diamonds tries his wily arts,
And wins, Oflameful chance ! the queen of hearts. Poje.
Sha'mefully. adv. [hornflameful} Difgracefuny; lgnonunioufly; infamoufly; reproachfully.
None but that faw, quoth he, would ween for ti nth,
Ilowflamefully that maid he did torment. Fairy ^uc.n.
But I his holy fecret
Prefumptuoufly have publifh’d, impioufly,
Weakly at leaft, and flamefully. ’ AdHion's Agoniflcs.
Would {'dc/hamefulty fail in the laft a61 in tins contrivance of
the nature of man ? ; More.
J'hofe who are ready enough to confefs him, both in judg¬
ment and profeffion, are, for the molt part, very prone to deny
him flamfully in their doings. South's Sermons.
S H A
Sma'mbless, adi. [fromflame} Wanting fhame; wanting
modefty ; impudent; frontlefs ; iminodefi ; auoacious.
I'o tell thee whence thou cam’ft, of whom deriv a,
’Were fliame enough to fhame thee, were thou notflai.u.fs.
Sbakefpeare's Henry V l.
Beyond imagination is the wrong
That fhe this day hath,flamilefs, thrown on me. . Sha .r/p.
The flamclcfs denial hereof by Tome of their friends, an
the more Jhamelefs juftification by fome of their flatterers,
makes it needful to exemplify, which I had rather forbear. I al.
God deliver the world from fuch huckfters of fouls, the
very fliame of religion, and the jbamelcf fubverters of mora¬
lly. ' South's Sermons.
SuchJhamelefs bards we have ; and yet ’tis true.
There are as mad abandon’d criticks too. Pope.
Sha'melessly. adv. [from Jhamelefs} Impudently; audacioufly; without fhame.
The king to-day, as one of the vain fellows,flame'<fiy uncovercth himfelf. 2 ^a' v** 2°*
He muft needs be Jhamelefsly wicked that abhors not this
licentioufnefs. Ham.
Sha'melessness. n.f [from Jhamelefs} Impudence; w.mt
of fhame; immodefty.
Beino- moft impudent in her heart, fhe could, when lhe
would, teach her cheeks blufhing, and make fhamefaftnefs
the cloak of flamele(fiefs. bzaWj.
He that blufhes not "at his crime, but adds JhameleJJneJs to
his fhame, hath nothing left to reftore him to virtue. Taylor.
Sha'mmer. n. f. [from flam.'] A cheat; an impoftor. A
low word.
Sh a'mois. n.f [chamois, French.] See Chamois. A kin
of wild goat.
I’ll bring thee
To cluft’ring filberds, and fometimes I’ll get thee
Young Jhamois from the rocks. Sbakefpeare.
Sha'mrock. n.f The Iriftl name for three leaved grafs.
If they found a plot of watercrefles, or jhamrocks, there
they flocked as to a feaft for the time. Sfenfer on Ireland.
Shank, n. f. [ yceanca, Saxon ; fhcnckelDutch. ]
j The middle joint of the leg; that part which reaches fiom
the ankle to the knee.
Eftfoons her white ftrait legs were altered
To crooked crawlingflanks, of marrow emptied ;
And her fair face to loul and loathfome hue, ^
And her fine corps to a bag of venom grew. Spenferi
The fixth age fnifts
Into the lean and flipper d pantaloon,
With fpe&acles on nofe, and pouch on fide ;
His youthful hofe, well fav’d, a world too wide
For his fhrunk flanks. Shak. ns you h-.e it.
A flag fays, if thefc pitiful(hanks of mine were but anfwerable to This branching head, I can’t but think how 1 fhould
defy all my enemies. C Efrange.
2. The bone of the leg.
Shut me nightly in a charnel-houfe.
O’er cover’d quite with dead men s rattling bones,
With reekyflanks, and yellow chaplefs Ikulls. Shakefeai t.
3. The long part of any inftrument.
The flank of a key, or fome fuch long hole, the punch
cannot ftrike, becaufe thc flank is not forged with iubftance
fufficient. . MoxonSha'kked. adj. [fromflan1} Having a fhank.
Sha'nker. n.f [chancre, French.] A venereal excrefcence.
To SHAPE, v. a. preter. Jhaped; part. ?&. flaped and flaxen.
[rcyppan, Saxon; fcheppen, Dutch.]
j. To form; to mould with refpect to external dimensions.
I that am not flap’el for fportive tricks.
Nor made to court an am’rous looking-glafs ;
I, that am rudely ftampt, and want love s majefty.
To ftrut before a wanton ambling nymph. Shakef. R. HI.
Thofe nature hath Jhaped with a great head, narrow breaft,
and fhoulders flicking out, feem much inclined to aconfumption. . , Harvc>'
Mature the virgin was, of Egypt’s race ;
Grace flap'd her limbs, and beauty deck’d her face. Prior.
The faultlefs form.
Shap'd by the hand of harmony. Tbsmfn.
2. To mould ; to caft ; to regulate; to adjuft.
Drag the villain hither by the hair, .
Nor age nor honour fhallflape privilege. Sbaeejy. ft- '* '
Mr. Candifh, when without hope, and ready to Jhape his
courfe by the Eaft homewards, met a (hip which came from
,he ^Sftrcnnr, when neither friends no, force,'"" '
Nor fpecd nor art avail, hc(bales his couife. _ Lin .am.
Charm’d by their eyes, their manners I acquire,
And flape my foolifhnefs to their oefire. P’ •
-> To imad-e; to conceive. . r . . ,
0 l 0Vers and madmen have their Teething brains,
Such(taping fantafies that apprehend
More than cool reafirn ever apprehends. Shakefp.
It
S H A S H A
It is my nature’s plague
To fpy into abufe, and oft my jcaloufy 7
Shapes faults that are not. Shekel. Othello.
When fancy hath formed and Jhaped the pcrfcdteft ideas of
blefiednefs, our own more happy experiences of greater muft
difabufe us. Boyle.
4. 'To make ; to create. Obfoletc.
I wasJhapen in iniquity, and infill did my mother conceive
me. 5-
Shape, n f [ from the vein. ]
1. Form ; external appearance.
He beat me grievoufly in theJhape of a woman ; for in the
foube of a man, mailer Biook, 1 fear not Goliah with a
weaver s beam. Shakejpeare.
The Jhapes of the locufts were like unto horfes prepared
for battle. Rev. ix. 7.
The other foape;
If Jhape it may be call’d thatfoape had none,
Diftinguifhable in member, joint, or limb. Milton.
In vegetables and animals the foape we molt fix on, and are
molt led by. Locke.
2. Make of the trunk of the body.
Firft a charming Jft,ape enflav’d me,
An eye then gave the fatal ftroke;
’Till by her wit Corinna fav d me.
And all my former fetters broke. Addifon.
3. Being, as moulded into lhape.
Before the gates there fat
On either fide a formidable Jhape. Milton’s Paradfe Lojl.
4. Idea; pattern.
Thy heart
Contains of good, wife, juft, the perfect Jhape. Milton.
It is now ufed in low converlation lor manner.
Sha'peless. adj. [from Jhape.] Wanting regularity of form 5
wanting fymmetry of dimeniions.
You are born
To fet a form upon that indigeft;
Which he hath left fo JhapelcJs and fo rude. Shakefpeare:
He is deformed, crooked, old and fere;
Ill-fac’d, worfe-bodied, JhapeleJs ev’ry where. Shakefpeare.
'What fools were here,
Difguis’d like Mufcovites in Jhapelef gear ? Shakefpeare.
Thrice had I lov’d thee.
Before I knew thy face or name;
So in a voice, fo in aJhapelef flame,
Angels affedt us oft; and worfhipp’d be. Donne.
" Nov/ the vidtor ftretch’d his eager hand,
Where the tall nothing flood, or feem’d to ftand;
A Jhapelef lhade, it melted from his fight,
Like forms in clouds, or vifions of the night! Pope.
Some objects pleafe our eyes, 1
Which out of nature’s common order rife, >
The Jhapelef rock, or hanging precipice. Pope. 3
Sha'pesmith. n.f [Jhape andJrnith.] One who undertakes
to improve the form of the body. A burlefque word.
NoJhapefmith yet fet up and drove a trade.
To mend the work that providence had made. Garth.
Sha'peliness. n. f. [fromJhapely.] Beauty or proportion of form.
Sha'pely. adv. [fromJhape!] Symmetrical; well formed.
SHARD, n.f [fchaerde, Trifick.]
1. A fragment of an earthen veffel.
For charitable prayers,
Shards, flints, and pebbles fhould be thrown on her ;
Yet here Ihe is allow’d her virgin chants.
Her maiden ftrewments. Shak. Hamlet.
1.[1Chard ] A plant.
Shards or mallows for the pot,
Keep the loofen’d body found. Dryden’s Ploracc.
3. It leems in Spenfer to fignify a frith or ftrait.
Upon that Ihore he fpied Atin ftand.
There by his mailer left, when late he far’d
In Phedria’s fleet bark, over that perilous foard. Fa. Pjhieen.
4. A fort of filh.
Sha'rdborn. adj. [foard and bornf Born or produced among
broken Hones or pots. Perhapsfoard in Shakefpeare may fignify the Iheaths of the wings of infedts.
Ere to black Hecat’s fummons
The foardhorn beetle with hisdrowfy hums
Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there lhall be done
A deed of dreadful note Shakefpeare.
Sha'rded. adj. [from foard ] Inhabiting Ihards.
Often lhall we And
The foarded beetle in a fafer hold.
Than is the full-wing’d eagle. Shakefpeare’s Cymlcline.
To SHARE, v.n. [yceapan, ycypan, Saxon.j
1. To divide ; to part among many.
Good fellows all.
The lateft of my w'ealth I’ll foare amongft you. Shakefpeare.
Any man may make trial of his fortune, provided he acknow¬
ledge the lord’s right, by Jharing out unto him a toll. Carew.
Well may he then to you his cares impart,
And foare his burden where he foares his heart. Dryden.
In the primitive times the advantage of priefthood w;as
equallyfoared among all the order, and none of that character
had any fuperiority. Collier.
Though the weight of a fallhood would be too heavy for
one to bear, it grows light in their imaginations when it is
lhartd among many. Addfon s Spectator.
Suppofe ffoare my fortune equally between my children
and a Itranger, will that unite them ? Svoift.
2. To partake with others.
The captain, half of whofe foldiers are dead, and the other
quarter never muftered or fecn, comes fhortly to demand pay¬
ment of his whole account; where, by good means of fome
great ones, and privyfoarings with the officers of other fome,
he receiveth his debt. Spenfer on Ireland.
In vain does valour bleed,
While avarice and rapine Jhare the land. Milton.
Go, filently enjoy your part of grief.
And Jhare the fad inheritance with me. Dryden.
Wav’d by the wanton winds his banner flies.
All maiden white, andJhares the people’s eyes. Dryden,
This was the prince decreed
To Jhare his feeptre. Dryden’s LEnt
Not a love of liberty, nor thirft of honour,
Drew you thus far ; but hopes to foare the fpoil
Of conquer’d towns and plunder’d provinces. Addif Cato.
All night it rains, the fhews return with day ;
Great Jove with Caefar foares his fov’reign fw'ay. Logie.
3. To cut; to feparate ; to iheer. [From pceaji, Saxon.]
With fwift wheel reverfe deep ent’ring Jhar’d
All his right fide. Milton.
Scalp, face, and filoulders the keen ftcel divides,
And the Jhar’d vifage hangs on equal Tides. Dryden.
To Share, v. n. To have part; to have a dividend.
I am the prince of Wales ; and think not, Percy,
ToJhare with me in glory any more. Shakef. HenryW.
Had greater hafte thefe fucred rites prepar’d,
Some guilty mouths had in your triumphs Jhardy
But this untainted year is all your own. Dryden'.
A right of inheritance gave every one a title to Jhare in the
goods of his father. Locket
This is Dutch partnerfhip, to Jhare in all our beneficial
bargains, and exclude us wholly from theirs. Swift.
Share, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Part; allotment; dividend.
If every juft man, that now pines with want.
Had but a moderate and befeemingfoare.
Of that which lewdly-pamper’d luxury
Now heaps upon fome with vaft excefs. Milton„
They went a hunting, and every one to go foare and Jhare
like in what they took. L’EJlrange.
The fubdued territory v/as divided into greater and fmaller
foares, befides that referved to the prince. Temple*
I’ll give you arms ; burn, ravifh, and deftroy :
For my own foare one beauty I defign ;
Engage your honours that fhe fhall be mine. Dryden.
While fortune favour’d,
I made fome figure ; nor was my name
Gblcure, nor I without my Jhare of fame. Dryd. ALn.
The youths have equal foare
In Marcia’s wifhes, and divide their fifter. Addif Cato.
In poet«, as true genius is but rare.
True tafte as feldom is the critick’s Jhare. Pope.
He who doth not perform that part afligned him, is a very
mifehievous member of the publick ; becaufe he takes hisJhare
of the profit, and yet leaves hisJhare of the burden to be born
by others. Swift.
2. A part.
Thefe, although they bear a foare in the difeharge, yet have
different offices in the compofition. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
3. [Sceap, Saxon.] The blade of the plow that cuts the ground.
Nor laws they knew, nor manners, nor the care
Of lab’ring oxen, nor the (hiningfoare. Dryden.
Then let him mark the fheep, or whet the fhiningyWi?,
Dryden’s Virgil’s Georg.
Great cities fhall with walls be compafs’d round.
And fnarpen’d foares lhall vex the fruitful ground. Dryden,
Incumbent o’er thefhining Jhare
The maffer leans, removes th’ obftrudlive clay. Thomfon.
For clay the coulter is long and bending, and the Jhtire
narrow. Mortimer.
Sha’rebone. n.f [foare and bone.] The os pubis; the bone
that divides the trunk from the limbs.
The cartilage bracing together the two effa pubis, orfharehoncs, Bartholine faith, is twice thicker and laxer in women
than men. Derham.
Sha rer. n.f [from foare.]
1. One who divides, or apportions to others; a divider.
2. A pattakci; one who participates anything with others.
; Moft it feem'd the French king to import.
AsJharer in his daughter’s injury. Daniel's CivilIVar.
I eople not allowed to be fo.irers with their companions in
good fortune, will hardly agree to be foaters in bad. L'bfir.
" An
S H A S H A
An overgrown eflate falling into the hands of one that has
many children, it is broken into fo many portions as render
thejharers rich enough. Addifon.
You mull have known it.
—Indeed I did, then favour’d by the king,
And by that means a ftHirer in the fecret. R'.zve.
If, by taking on himfelf human nature at large, he hath a
compaffionate and tender fenfe of the infirmities of mankind
in general, he muft needs, in a peculiar manner, feel and commiferate the infirmities of the poor, in which he himfelf was
fo eminent a foarer. Atierburfs Sermons.
I fufFer many things as an author militant, whereof in your
days of probation you have been a Jbarer. Pope to Swift.
Shark, n.f [cams charcharias, Latin.]
r. A voracious fea-fifh.
His jaws horrifick arm’d with threefold fate.
The direful fhark. Thanfon s Summer.
2. A greedy artful fellow; one who fills his pockets by fly tricks.
David’s meffengers are fent back to him, like fo many/harks
and runnagates, only for endeavouring to compliment an illnature out of itfelf, and feeking that by petition which they
might have commanded by their fword. South’s Sennons.
3. Trick ; fraud ; petty rapine.
Wretches who live upon the fork, and other mens fins,
the common poifoners of youth, equally defperate in their
fortunes and their manners, and getting their very bread by
the damnation of fouls. South's Sermons.
To Shark, v. a. To pick up haftily or flily.
Young Fontinbras,
Of unimproved mettle, hot and full,
Hath in the fkirts of Norway, here and there,
Shark’d up a lift of landlefs refolutes. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
To Shark, v. n.
1. To play the petty thief.
The fly leads a lazy, voluptuous, fcandalous, /harking life,
hateful wherever {he comes. L’Efranpe.
2. To cheat; to trick. Ain/worth.
1 here are cheats by natural inclination as well as by cor¬
ruption : nature taught this boy to Jhark, not difeipline. L’Ef.
The old generous Engliff fpirit, which heretofore made
this nation fo great in the eyes of all the world, feems utterly
extindl; and we are degenerated into a mean, /barkings falla¬
cious, undermining converfe, there being a fnare and a trapan
almoft in every word we hear, and every action we fee. South.
SHARP, adj. [pceapp, Saxon; fcherpe, Dutch]
1. Keen; piercing; having a keen edge; having an acute point;
not blunt.
She hath tied
Sharp tooth’d unkindnefs like a vulture here. Sbakefpeare.
In Ireland have I feen this ftubborn Cade
Oppofe himfelf againft a troop of kerns ;
And fought fo long, ’till that his thighs with darts
Were almoft like a /harp quill’d porcupine. Shak. H VI.
T hy tongue devifeth mifehiefs, like a /harp razor working
deceitfully. Rj. Hi. 2.
With edged grooving tools they cut down and fmoothen
away the extuberances left by thefoarp pointed grooving tools,
and bring the work into a perfect fhape. Moxons Mech. Ex.
2. Terminating in a point or edge ; not obtufe.
1 he form of their heads is narrow and/harp, that they may
the better cut the air in their fwift flight. More.
There was feen fome miles in the fea a great pillar of light,
not Jharp, but in form of a column or cylinder, rifing a great
way up towards heaven. . Bacon.
To come near the point, and draw unto a /harper angle,
they do not only fpeak and pradlife truth, but really defire its
enlargement. Browns Vulgar Errcurs.
Their embryon atoms
Light arm’d or heavy, Jharp, fmooth, light or flow. Milton.
It is fo much the firmer by how much broader the bottom
and Jharper the top. Temple.
In {hipping fuch as this, the Irifh kern.
And untaught Indian, on the ftream did glide,
Ere Jharp keel’d boats to ftem the flood did learn,
Or fin-like oars did fpread from either fide. Dryden.
3. Acute of mind; witty; ingenious; inventive.
Now as fine in his apparel as if he would make me in love
with a cloak, and verfe for verfe with the/harpejl witted lover
in Arcadia. Sidney.
If we had nought but fenfe, each living wight,
Which we call brute, would be moreJharp than we. Davies.
Sharp to the world, but thoughtlefs of renown,
} hey plot not on the ftage, but on the town. Dryden.
1 here is nothing makes men J,harper, and fets their hands
and wits more at work, than want. Addifon on Italy.
, Alany other things belong to the material world, wherein
tnCj iaigeJl philofophers have never yet arrived at clear and
diftinct ideas. JVatts.
4. Quick, as of fight or hearing.
As the /harpeft eye difeerneth nought.
Except the fun-beams in the air do fhine •
So the beft foul, with her reflecting thought,
Sees not herfelf, without fome light divine. Davies.
Tofoarp ey’d reafon this would feem untrue;
Butreafon I through love’s falfe opticks view. Dryden.
5. Sour without aflringency; four but not auftere ; acid.
So we, if children young difeafed we find,
Anoint with fweets the veflcl’s foremoft parts,
h o make them tafte the potionsfoarp we give ;
They drink deceiv’d, and fo deceiv’d they live. Fa. I$u.
Sharp tafted citrons Median climes produce;
Bitter the rind, but generous is the juice. Dryden.
Different fimpie ideas are fometimes exprtfled by the fame
word, as fweet and/harp are applied to the objects of hearing
and tailing. Watts.
6. Shrill; piercing the ear with a quick noife; not flat.
In whiffing you contract the mouth, and, to make it more
foarp, men ufe their finger. Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory.
Let one whiffe at the one end of a trunk, and hold your
ear at the other, and the found flrikes fofoarp as you can fcarcc
endure it. Bacon.
For the various modulation of the voice, the upper end of
the windpipe is endued with feveral cartilages to contract or
dilate it, as we would have our voice flat orfoarp. Ray.
7. Severe; barff; biting; farcaftick.
If he ffould intend his voyage towards my wife, I would
turn her loofe to him; and what he gets more of her than
foarp words, let it lie on my head. Sbakefpeare.
How often may we meet with thofe who are one while
courteous, but within a fmall time after are fo fupercilious,
foarp, troublefome, fierce and exceptious, that they are not
only fhort of the true character of friendfhip, but become the
very fores and burdens of fociety ! South.
Ceafe contention: be thy words fevere,
Sharp as he merits ; but the fword forbear. Dryden.
8. Severe; quick to punifh ; cruel; feverely rigid.
There, gentle Hermia, may I marry thee;
And to that place thefoarp Athenian law
Cannot purfue us. Sbakefpeare.
9. Eager ; hungry; keen upon a queft.
My faulcon now isJharp and palling empty,
And, ’till fhe ftoop, ffe muft not be full gorg’d ;
For then flic never looks upon her lure. Sbakefpeare.
Thefoaip defire I had
Of tailing. Milton.
10. Painful; aflli&ive.
That {lie may feel
How foarper than a ferpent’s tooth it is,
To have a thanklefs child. 1Sbakefp. King Lear.
He caufed his father’s friends to be cruelly tortured; grieving
to fee them live to whom he was fo much beholden, and there¬
fore rewarded them with fuch foarp payment. Knolles.
Death becomes
His final remedy ; and after life
Try’d in /harp tribulation, and refin’d
By faith, and faithful works. Milt. Paradi/e Lcjl, b. xi.
It is a very fmall comfort that a plain man, lying under a
foarp fit of the ftone, receives from this fentence. Tiiiotjon.
i i. Fierce; ardent; fiery.
Their piety feign’d,
In foarp conteft of battle found no aid. Milton.
A foarp afl'auk already is begun ;
Their murdering guns play fiercely on the walls. Dryden.
.12. Attentive; vigilant.
y O
Sharp at her utmoft ken {he caft her eyes,
And fomewhat floating from afar deferies. Dryden.
Is a man bound to look outfoarp to plague himfelf, and to
take care that he flips no opportunity of being unhappy ? Collier.
A clergyman, eftablifhed in a competent living, is not un¬
der the neceflity of being fo foarp and exa&irtg. Suift.
13. Acrid; biting; pinching; piercing, as the cold.
The windpipe is continually moiftened with a glutinous
humour, iffuing out of fmall glandules in its inner coat, to
fence it againft thejharp air. Ray.
Nor here the fun’s meridian rays had pow’r.
Nor wind foarp piercing, nor the ruffing fliow’r.
The verdant arch fo clofe its texture kept. Pope’s Odof'ey.
14. Subtile; nice; witty; acute.
Sharp and fubtile difeourfes procure very great applaufe ; but
being laid in the balance with that which found experience
plainly delivereth, they are overweighed. Hooker.
The inftances you mention are the ftrongeft and fe-rpef
that can be urged. Digby.
15. [Among workmen.j Hard.
They make ufe of the foarpef fand, that being beft for mor¬
tar, to lay bricks and tiles in. Moxcns Mech. Exer.
16. Emaciated; lean.
His vifage drawn he felt to foarp and fpare. Ax ikon.
Sharp, n.f [from the adjedlive.J
1. A {harp or acute found.
It is the lark that fings fo out of tune,
Straining harlh difeords and unpleafingyW/i. Sbakefpeare
2. A pointed weapon ; fmall {word; rapier.
If butchers had but the manners to go to fiarps, gentlemen
would be contented with a rubber at cuffs. Collier.
/T>
4 I O
S H A
To Sharp, v. a. [from the noun.] To make keen.
Whom the whetftoneJharps to cat,
They cry, mihlones are good meat. Ben. Johtfon.
To Sharp, v. n. [from the noun ] To play thievifh tricks,
i live upon what’s my own, whereas your fcandalous life
is only cheating orJharping, one hall ot the year, and ftarving the other. L'Ejlrange.
To iiHA'RPEN. V. a. [fxomjba'p]
1. To make keen ; to edge* to point.
The weaker their helps are, the more their need is toJharpen
the edge of their own induftry, Hooker.
The Ilraelites went dowi) to the Philiftfoes to Jharpen every
man his fhare and his coulter. x Sam. xiii. 20.
His fevcre wrath lhall he Jharpen for a fword. IVif4- v. 20.
The grating of a law when Jharpen’d> offends fo much as
it fettcth the teeth on edge. Bacon.
1 h’ fquadron bright, Jharp'ning in mooned horns
Their phalanx. Milton.
It may contr.bute to his mifery, heighten the anguifh, and
foarpcn the thing of confcience, and fo add fury to the everJafting flames, when he fha.ll reflect upon the abufe ot wealth
and greatnefs. South’s Sertnons.
No : ’t;s refiftance that inflames defire;
Shatpens the darts of love, and blows the fire. Drjd.
E’re ten moons had Jharpen d either horn,
To crown their blils, a lovely boy was born. Dryd.
Her nails areJharpen'd into pointed claws,
Her hands bear hall her weight and turn to paws. Addlf.
2. To make quick, ingenious, or acute.
Overmuch quicknefs of wit, either given by nature, or
Jharpen d by ltudy, doth not commonly bring greateft learn¬
ing, belt manners, or happieft life in the end* Afcham.
3. To mane quicker of fenfe.
Th’ airJharpen A. his vifual ray
To objects diftant far. Milton.
4. To make eager or hungry.
Epicurean cooks
Sharpen with cloylefs fauce his appetite. Shakefp.
Such an affurance as willJharpen mens defires and quicken
their endeavours for obtaining a leffer good, ought to infoirt men with more vigour in purfuit of what is greater. TilUt.
4. To make fierce or angry.
Mine enemy Jharpeneth his eyes upon me. Job xvi. 9.
5. To make biting, or farcaftick.
My haughty foul would fwell;
Sharpen each word, and threaten in my eyes. Smith.
6. Tomakelefs flat} more piercing to the ears.
Enclofures not only prefervp found* but encreafe andJbarpen it. Bacon.
7. To make four.
Sha'rper. n.f. [fromJloarp.] A tricking fellow; a petty thief;
a rafeal.
Sharperj, as pikes, prey upon their own kind. L’EJlrange.
He fhould retrench what he loft to Jharpers, and fpent upon
puppet-plays, to apply it to that ufe. Arbuth.
1 only wear it in a land of He&ors,
Thieves, fupercargo’s, Jharpers, and diredtors. Pope.
Sha'rply. adv. [fromJharp.]
1. With keennefs ; with good edge or point.
2. Severely; rigoroufly; roughly.
They are more jharply to be chaftifed and reformed than
the rude Irifh, which being very wild at the firft, are now be¬
come more civil. Spcnfer.
3. Keenly; acutely; vigoroufly.
The mind and memory are more Jharply exercifed in com¬
prehending another man’s things than our own. Ben. Johnfon.
4. Affii&ively; painfully.
At the arrival of the Englifh embafiadors the foldiers were
fnarply aflailed with wants. Playward.
5. With quicknefs.
You contradt your eye when you would fee Jharply \ and
eredt your ear when you would hear attentively. Bacon.
6. Judicioufly; acutely; wittily.
Sharpness, n. f. [from Jharp.]
1. Keenefs of edge or point.
Palladius neither fuffering us nor himfelf to take in hand
the party till the afternoon ; when we were to fight in troops,
not differing otherwife from earneft, but that the Jharpnefs of
the weapons was taken away. Sidney.
A fecond glance came gliding like the firft;
And he who faw the Jharpnefs of the dart,
Without defence receiv’d it in his heart. Dryd.
2. Not obtufenefs.
Force confifteth in the roundings and raifings ofthe work,
according as the limbs do more or lefs require it; fo as the
beholder lhall fpy no Jharpnefs in the bordering lines. JVotton.
3* Sournefs without aufterenefs.
• There is a Jharpnefs in vinegar, and there is a Jharpnefs in
pain, in forrow, and in reproach ; there is a lharp eye, a
lharp wit, and a (harp fword: but there is not one of thefe
fevere JharpneJfes the fame as another of them; and a lharp
call wind is different from them all. Watts’s Logick.
S H A
Provoking fweat extremely, and taking away all Jharpnefs
from whatever you put in, muft be of good effect in the
cure of the gout. Temple.
4 Severity cf language; fatyrical farcafm.
There’s gold for thee,
Thou muft not take my formerJharpnefs ill,
1 will employ thee back again. Shakefp,
Some did all folly with jufkJharpnefs blame,
While others laugh’d and Icorn’d them into lhame;
But, of thefe two, the laft fucceeded heft,
As men aim righteft when they Ihoot in jeit. Dryd.
This is a fubjedt of which it is hard to (peak without faty¬
rical Jharpnefs and particular refledtions on many churches of
chriftians. Sprat.
The Jharpnefs of his fatyr, next to himfelf, falls molt hea¬
vily on his friends. Dryden
5. Painfulnefs; afflidtivenefs.
At this time
We fweat and bleed; the friend hath loft his friend;
And the bell quarrels in the heat are curft
By thofe that feel their Jharpnefs. Shakefp.
Not a fingle death only that then attended this profeflion;
but the terror andJharpnefs of it was redoubled in the manner
and circumftances. South.
6. Intelledlual acutenefs; ingenuity; wit.
Till Arianifm had made it a matter of greatJlsarpnefs, and
fubtilty of wit to be a found believing chriftian, men were
not curious what fyllables or particles of fpeech they ufed. Hook•
The daring of the foul proceeds Jrom thence,
Shdrpnefs of wit and adtive diligence. Dryd.
The fon returned with ftrength of conftitution, JharpneJs of
underftanding, and fkill in languages. Addifon.
7. Quicknefs of fenfes.
if the underftanding or faculty of the foul be like unto bo¬
dily fight, not of equal JharpneJs in all; what can be more
convenient than that, even as the dark-fighted man is direct¬
ed by the clear about things vifible, fo likewife in matters of
deeper difeourfe the wife in heart doth Ihew the fimple where
his way lieth. Hooker.
Sharp-set. [Jharp andyitf.] Eager; vehemently defirous.
Bafilius forced her to ftay, tho’ with much ado, fhe being
foarp-fet upon the fulfilling of a fhrewd office, in overlooking
Philoclea. Sidney.
An eagle Jharp-fet, looking about her for her prey, fpy’d
a leveret. L’Ejlrange,
Our fenfes are Jharp-fet on pleafures. L’EJlrange.
A comedy of Johnfon’s, not Ben, held feven nights; for
the town isJharp-fet on new plays. Pope.
Sharp-visaged. adj. [ftmrp and vifaged.] Having a lharp
countenance.
The Wellh that inhabit the mountains are commonlyfharpvifaged. Hale’s Orig. ofMankind.
Sharp-sighted, adj. [Jharp and fight.] Having quick fight.
If Ihe were the body’s quality.
Then would Ihe be with it fick, maim’d, and blind;
But we perceive, where thefe privations be.
An healthy, perfedf, and fsarp-fghted mind. Davies.
I am not fo Jharp-fighted as thofe who have difeerned this
rebellion contriving from the death of Q. Elizabeth. Clarend.
Your majefty’s clear and Jharp-fghted judgment has as
good a title to give law in matters of this nature, as in any
other. Denham.
Nothing fo fiercebut love will foften, nothing(o floorp-fighted
in other matters but it throws a mift before the eyes on’t. L’EJI,
ToSha'tter. v. a. [fchetteren, Dutch.]
1. To break at once into many pieces; to break fo as to fcatter the parts.
He rais’d a figh fo piteous and profound.
That it did feem toJhatter all his bulk.
And rend his being. Shakefp,
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never fear,
I come to pluck your berries harlh and crude,
And with forc’d fingers rude
Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Miltl
They efcape diffolution, becaufe they can fcarce ever meet
with an agent minute, and fwiftly enough moved, to Jhatter
or diffociate the combined parts. Beyle.
A monarchy wasJhottered to pieces, and divided amongftrevolted fubjedts, into a multitude of little governments. Locke.
Black from the ftroke above, the fmouldring pine
Stands as a Jhatter d trunk. Thomf Summer.
2. To diffipate; to make incapable of clofe and continued at¬
tention.
A man of a loofe, volatile and Jhattered humour, thinks
only by fits and ftarts. Norris.
To Shatter, v. n. To be broken, or to fall, by any force
applied, into fragments.
Of bodies, fome are fragil; and feme are tough and not
fragil; and in the breaking, fome fragil bodies break but where
the force is ; feme Jhatter and fly in many places. Bacon.
Sha'tter. n. f [from the verb.] One part of many into
which any thing is broken at once.
23 u
Stick
SHE SHE
Stick the candle fo loofe, that it will fall upon the glafs of
the fconcc and bfcak it into Jhatte'rs. Swift.
adj. [fromflatter brain and pate.] Innot confident. A low word.
Sh a'ttkrbr ained.
Sha'tterpated. , „._r .. .
Sha'ttf.RY. (idU [fromJhatte .] Uifunited i not compact ;
I attentive
found in form of a white
2.
eaftly falling into many parts; loofe of texture.
A brittle Jhutun lort of fpar, fount! in form
land chiefly in the perpendicular Mures amongft the ores of
j Woodward.
To Sh ave. v. a. preteritfiaved, part.Jljavcd or/haven, [pccapan,
Saxon; fichaeven, Dutch ]
1. To pare off" with a razor. . ,
He that is to be cleanfed (hall jhave off all his hair. Levtt.
Zelim was the firft of the Ottomans that didJhave his beard :
a bafhaw nfk’d why he alter’d the cuftom of his predeccffors ?
He anfwered, becaufe you bafhaws may not lead me by the
beard, as you did them. ^ . . Bacon‘
Doff thou not know this/haven pate ? 1 ruly it is a great
man’s he d. KaoVes's Hijt. of the Turks.
I cauled the hair of his head to .be/ma/ off. Wifcman.
To pare dole to the furface.
Sweet bird !
Thee chauntrefs, oft the woods among,
I wooe to hear the evening feng:
And miffing thee, l walk unfeen
On the dry fmooth /haven green.
The bending fey the
Shaves all the furface of the wa\ mg' green.
To fkim by palling near, or flightty touching
He/haves with level wing the
Up to the fiery concave tow’ring
“To cut in thin flices. .
Make forne medley of earth, with fome other plants bruts d
or jbavrn in leaf or root. Bacon.
To ftrip ; to opprefs by extortion ; to pillage.
Sha'veling. n.J [from/aw.] A man lhaved; a friar, or
religious. Ufed in contempt.
Of elfes, there be no fuch things; only by bald fryars and
Spetfer.
Milt.
Gay.
3
deep _
high.
then foars
Milts
5
Swift.
Tale.
knavifh fhavelings fo feigned.
Sha'ver. n.f. [ixomJhave.]
1. A man that pradifes the art ofjkavirg.
2. A man clofely attentive to his own iruereft.
My lord
Was now difpos’d to crack a jeff,
And bid friend Lewis go in quell:;
This Lewis is a cunning/haver.
3. A robber ; a plunderer.
Thev fell all into the hands of the cruel mountain people,
living for the molt part by theft, and waiting for wrecks, as
hawks for their prey : by thdo/havers the Turks were ftriptof
alb they had. Krolles.
'Shading, n.f [from Jhave.] Any thin llice pared off from
any body. , .
Take lignum aloes in grofs /havings, lleep them in fack,
changed twice, till the bitternefs be drawn forth ; then take
th<2/havings forth, and dry them in the lhade, and beat them to
powder. Bacon.
By ele&rick bodies T do not conceive only fuch as take up
Jhavings, draws, and light bodies, but fuch as attract all bo¬
dies palpable whatfoever. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Thefailings arc good for the fining of wine. Mort.
Shaw. n. f [j-cua, Saxon ; fchuwe, Dutch; Jkugga, Iflandick.]
A thicket; a fmall wood. A tuft of trees near Lichfield is
* ca led Gentle /haw.
Sha'hander. n.f. [among the Pcrfians.] A great officer; a
viceroy. Bai/eySha'wfowl. n.f. \_Jbaw and fowl.] An artificial fowl made
by fowlers on purpofe to Pnoot at.
Sha'wm. n.f. [from febawme, Teutonick.] A hautboy j a cornet.
With trumpets alfo and Jhawms. Pfalm Common Prayer.
She. pronoun. In oblique cafes her. [/, Gothick; yeo, Sax.
fclr, old Englifh ]
j# 'I he female pronoun demonftrative t the woman; the woman
before mentioned.
She, of whom the ancients feem’d to prophefy,
When they call'd virtues by the name ok/he;
She, in whom virtue was fo much refin’d.
That for allay unto fo pure a mind
She took the weaker fex.
This once difclos’d,
The ladles did c! ango favours, and then we
Following the ligns, woo’d but the fign ofjhe.
What, at any time, have you heard her fay ?
The mod upright of mortal men was he;
The mod fincere, and holy woman, jhe.
2. It is fometimes uled for a woman ablolutely, with fome de¬
gree of contempt.
I he files of Italy fhall not betray
Mine intereft, and his honour. Shakefipears Cymbelmc.
Lady, you are the crucll’ft/he alive,
If you will lead thefc graces to the grave,
j nd leave the world no copy. Shake,peare’s Twe'fth Night.
Fairfax.
Donne.
Shakcfp.
Shakejp.
Dryden.
I was wont
To load my /he with knacks, I wou’d have ranfack’d
The pedlar’s filken trealury, and have poured i/
To her acceptance. Shakefpeare s Winter
The female 3 not the male.
I would outftare the fterneft: eyes that look.
Pluck the young fucking cubs from the Jhe bear
To win thee, lady. Shakejp. Merchant ofVenice*
Let us do it with no {hew of fear ;
No, with no more, than if we heard that England
Were buffed with a Whitfon morris-dance;
For my good liege, jhe is fo idly king’d,
That fear attends her not. Shakrfp. Hen. V.
The nightingale, if /he would fing by day.
When every goofe is cackling, wou’d be thought
No better a mufician than the wren. Shakefpeare.
He-lions are hirfute, and have great manes, the'Jbes are
fmooth like cats. Bacon.
Stand it in Judah’s chronicles confeft,
That David’s fon, by impious pfffion mov’d.
Smote a/c-flave, and murder’d what he lov’d. Prior.
Sheaf, n. J. Jheaves plural, [pear, Saxon; fchoof, Dutch.]
1. A bundle of ftalks of corn bound together, that the ears may
dry.
Thefe be theJheaves that honour’s fiarveft bears,
The feed thy valiant a£ts, the world the field.
He beheld a field,
Part arable and tilth ; whereon were/ aves
New-reap’d : the other part fheep-walks and folds. Milt.
The reaper fills his greedy hands,
And binds the golden jheaves in brittle bands. Dryden.
I pitch’d the jheaves (oh could [ do fo now)
Which fhe in rows pil’d. Gay's Pajhrals.
2. Any bundle or collection held together.
She vanifh’d;
TheJheafof arrows {hook and rattled in the cafe. Dryden.
In the knowledge of bodies, we muff glean what we can ;
fince we cannot, from a difeovery of their real efiences,
grafp at a time whole jheaves; and in bundles comprehend
the nature of whole fpecies. Locke.
To Sheal. v. a. To fhell: See Shale.
Thou art a /healed peafeod. Shakcfp. K. Lear.
ToShear. preter./jrr, or/beared-, part. paff. /horn. [pceapan,
ycypen, Saxon.]
1. To clip or cut by interception between two blades moving
on a rivet.
So many days, my ews have been with young;
So many weeks, e’re the poor fools will yean ;
So many months, e’re I {hall Jhcer the fleece. Shakrfp.
I am Ihepherd to another man,
And do not jhcer the fleeces that I graze. Shakcfp,
Laban went toJheer his fheep. Gen. xxxi. 19.
When wool is new/horn, they fet pails of water by in the
fame room to increafe its weight. Bacon's Nut. Hijl.
To lay my head and hollow pledge
Of all my ftrength, in the Lfc-ivious lap
Of a deceitful concubine, who Jhore me.
Like a tame weather, all my precious fleece.
The fame ill tafte of lenfe wou’d ferve to join
Dog foxes in the yoak, and filter the fwine.
May’ll thou henceforth fweetly fleep,
Sheer, fwains, oh Jheer your fofteft {keep
To fwell his couch.
O’er the congenial duff injoin’d to/hear
The graceful curl, and drop the tender tear.
2. To cut.
The fharp and toothed edge of the nether chap {hikes into
a canal cut into the bone of the upper; and the toothed pro¬
tuberance of the upper into a canal in the nether: by which
means he eafily fieers the grafs whereon he feeds. Grew.
Shear, ln.fi [from the verb. It is leldom ufed in the
Shears. J Angular, but is found once in Dryden.]
1. An inftrument to cut, confiding of two blades moving on
a pin, between which the thing cut is intercepted. Shears
are large, and feiffars a fmaller inftrument of the fame kind.
Alas, thought Philoclea to herfelf, your jheers come too
late to clip the bird’s wings that already is flown away. Sidney.
Why do you bend fuch lolemn brows on me ?
Think you 1 bear the Jhears of deftiny ?
Have I commandment on the pulie of life ? Shakefpeare.
The fates prepar’d their fharpen’d /beers. D>yd.
When the fleece is (born,
Then their defencelefs limbs the brambles tear;
Short of their wool, and naked from the jhcer.
That people live and die, I knew,
An hour ago, as well as you;
And if fate fpins us longer years.
Or is in hafte to take the/beers,
I know, we muft both fortunes try.
And bear our evils, wet or dry.
How happy fbould we be if we had the privilege of
ploying the fieers for wmt of a mint, up n foreign golJ, by
clipping it into half crowns. Swift.
Tate
Milton.
Dryden.
Gay.
Pole.
Dryden.
Prior.
em-
S' H E
Fate urg’d the fecrs and cut the fylph in twain,
But airy fubllancc foon unites again. Pope.
Beneath the fears they felt no laft'ng fmart,
They loft but fleeces, while I loft a heart. Gay.
2. The denomination of the age of fheep.
When fheep is onejhcar, they will have two broad teeth be¬
fore; when two /tear, four; when three, fix; when foiir,
' eight: and after that, their mouths break. Mortimer.
3. Any thing in the foirn of the blades ofjlccrs.
4. Wings, in Spenfer.
Twofharp-wing’dyWi
Deck’d with divers plumes, like painted jays,
Were fix’d at his back to cut his airv ways. * Sp'enfer.
Shfard. n.f [pceapb, Sax.] A fragment. It is now commonly
writtenJhard, and applied only to fragments of earthen ware.
In the burfting of it, not a jkerd to take fire from the hearth,
or to take water out of the pit. Ifa. xxx. 14.
SheA'rer. n. f. [from fear.] One that clips with fhears;
particularly one that fleeces fheep.'
Of other care they little reck’niring make,
Than how to fcramble at thefeaYersfzAk,
And fhove away the worthy bidden gueft. Milton.
Was he to be led as. a lamb to the daughter, patient and
refigned as a fheep before her Jkearcrs ? Ropers.
Shea'rman. n. f \_jkear and man:] He that /hears.
'Thy father was a plaifterer,
And thou thyfeif a fed] man. * Shakefpeare.
Shea'rwater, n.f A-fowl. Ainfworth.
Sheath, n. f [ pcfob’e, Saxon.] The cafe of any thing;
the fcabbard of a weapon.
T he dead knight’s fword out of hisffath he drew.
With'which he cut a lock off all their hair. Fa. Queen.
Doth not ea.ch look a flafh of light’ning feel,
Which fpar?s the body’sjheath, yet melts the fteel ? Cleav.
Swords, by the ltghtning’s'fubtile force diftill’d,
And the cold -Jheath with running metal fill’d. Addifon.
To Sheath. I f, . n
To Sheathe. «-.£!"*> ">« ”»“»•]
1.To inclofe in a Jheath or fcabbard ; to inclofe in any cafe.
This drawn but now againft my fovereign’s breaft,
Before ’tis fedth'd, fhall give him peace and reft. Waller.
Thofe a&ive parts of a body are of differing natures when
Jheath'd up, or wedged in amongft others in the texture of a
concrete; and when extricated from thefe impediments. Boyle.
In his hair one hand he wreaths,
His fword, the other, in his hofomfeaths. Denham.
Is this her'hate to him, his love to me !
'Tis in my breaft fheJheaths her dagger now. Dryden.
The left foot naked, when they march to fight,
But in a bull’s raw hide they Jheath the right. Dryden.
' 1 he leopard, and all of this kind as goes, keeps the claws
C>f his forefeet turned up from-the ground zn&'Jkeathed in the
fkim of his toes, whereby he pre.ferves them fharp for rapine,
.extending' them only when he leaps' at the prey. Grew.
Other fubftances oppofite to acrimony are called demul¬
cent or mild; becaufe they blunt orJheath thofe fharp falts
as peafe, and beans. Arbuthnot.
2. To fit with a Jheath.
There was no ink to colour Peter’s hat,
Walter’s dagger was not come from Jheathing. Shah.
3. To defend the main body by an outward covering.
It were to be wilhed that the whole navy throughout were
' jheathedas fomeare. Raleigh.
SheathwFnged. adj. [Jheath and. wing.] Having hard cafes
which are folded over the wings.
Some infetfts fly with four wings, as all vaginipennous, or
feathwinged i nfefts, as beetles and dorrs. Brown's Vulg. Er.
Sjiea;thy. adj. [from Jheath.] Forming a {heath.
With a needle put afide fhe fhort and Jhcathy cafes on ear¬
wigs backs, and you may draw forth two wings. Brown.
She'cklatox. n.f
He went to fight againft the giant in his robe of Jhccklaton, which is that kind of gilded leather with which they
**fe to embroider the Irifh jackets. Spenfer.
To Shed. v. a. [pceban, Saxon.J
I. To effufe; to pour out; to fpill.
The painful fervice, and the drops of blood
Shed for my thanklefs country are requited
But with that furname of Coriolanus. Shakefpeare.
Cromwell, I did not think to Jhed a tear
In all my miferies. _ Shakefp.
WithoutJhedding of blood is no remiflion. Heb. ix 22
For this is my blood which isJhed for many, for the remiflion of fins. Matth. xxvi. 28.
Some think one gen’ra! foul fills ev’ry brain,
As the bright funJheds light in ev’ry ftar. Davies.
Around its entry nodding poppies grow,
And all cool fimples that fweet reft beftow;
Night from the plants their fleepy virtue drains,
And palling, feds it on the filent plains. Dryden.
You feem’d to mourn another lover dead,
My fighs you gave him, and my tears you Jhed. Dryden.
SHE
Unhappy man ! to break the pious laws
Of nature, pleading in his children’s caufe:
’Tis love of honour, and his country’s good ;
The conful, not the father, Jheds the blood. Dryden;
In thefe lone walls, their days eternal bound,
Thefe mofs-grown domes with fpiry turrets crown’d,
Where awful arches make a noon-day night,
And the dim windowsJhed a folemn light;
Thy eyes diffus’d a reconciling ray,
And gleams of glory brighten’d all the day. Pope.
2. To fcatter; to let fail.
Trees that bring forth their leaves late, and caff them late,
are more lading than thofe that fprout their leaves early, or
Jhed them betimes. . Bacons Nat. Hif.
So the returning year be bleff.
As his infant months beftow,
Springing wreaths for William’s brow;
As his fommer’s youth fhall Jhed
Eternal fweets around Maria’s head. Prior.
To Shed* v. n. To let fall its parts.
White oats are apt toJhed moft as they lie, and black as they
^anE * M.rfmer s Hufiandry.
ohed. n.f [fuppofed by Skinner to be corrupted from foade.]
I. A flight temporary covering.
1 he firft Aletes born in lowly Jhed,
Of parents bafe, a rofe fprung from a bride. Fairfax.
/ hough he his houfe of polifh’d marble build,
W ith jafper floor’d, and carved cedar ceil’d ;
Yet fhall it ruin like the moth’s frail cell,
Orfoods of reeds, which fummer’s heat repel. Sandysl
So all our minds with his confpire to grace
The Gentiles great apoftle* and deface^
1 hofe ftate-obfeuring feds^ that like a chain
Seem d to confine and fetter him again. IVall.r.
In luch a feafon born, when fcarce a Jhed
Could be obtain’d to fhelter him or me
From the bleak air. Parad. Regain'd.
t 1 hofe houfes then were caves, or homely feds,
With twining offers fenc’d, and mofs their beds. Dryden.
An hofpitable houfe they found,
A homely fed-y the roof, not far from ground
Was thatch d with reeds and ftraw together bound. Dryd.
I hen out he fteals, and finds where by the head,
Their horfe hung faften’d underneath a Jhed. Betterton.
Her various kinds by various fortunes led,
Commence acquaintance, underneath aJhed. Swift.
2. In compofition. Effufion ; as blood-yW.
She dder. n.f. [from Jhed.] Afpiller; one who fheds.
A fedder of blood fhall furely die. Fzek. xviii. 10.
Sheen. 7 adj. [This was probably only the old pronunciation
Sheeny. ) ofJhine], Bright; glittering; fhewy. A word
now not in ufe.
That lewd ribbald, with vile luff advanc’d,
Laid firft his filthy hands on virgin clean,
To fpoil her dainty corfe fo fair and feen. Fa. Queen.
When he was all dight, he took his way
Into the foreft, that he might be feen
Of the wild beafts, in his new glory feen. Hubberd's Tale.
Now they never meet in grove or green,
By fountain clear, or fpangled ftar-lightJheen. Shakefpeare.
Up arofe each warrior bold and brave,-
differing in filed fteel and armourJheen. Fairfax.
Out of the hierarchies of angelsJheen,
The gentle Gabriel call’d he from the reft. Fairfax.
By the rufhy fringed bank,
Where grows the willow and the offer dank,
My Aiding chariot ftays,
Which fet with agat, or the azure feen,
Of turcois blue, and emerald green. Milton.
Or did of late earth’s fons beffege the wall
Of Jheeny beav’n. • _ Milton.
Sheen, n. f. [from the adje&ive.J Brightnefs; fplendour.
Mercy will fit between,
Thron’d in edeftialJheen. ' Milton.
Far above, in fpangled feen,
Celeftial Cupid, her fam’d fon advanc’d,
Holds his dear Pfyche fweet entranc’d. Milton.
Sheep, n. f plural likewife feep. [pceap, Saxon; of which
the plural was peep ; fchaep, Dutch. ]
1. The animal that bears wool: remarkable for its ufefulnefs and
innocence.
Fire the brambles, fnare the birds, 3nd fteep
- In wholefome water-falls the fleecy feep. Dryd n
Of fubftances there .are two forts of ideas; one of finde
fubftances, as they exift feparately, as a man or feep. Lcckt.
2. In contempt. A fooliflh fitly fellow. Ainrivo'-th
To Sheepei-te v. n. [ Jbeep and bit. ] To ufe petty thefts.'
Shew your knave’s vilage, with a pox to vou ; (hew your
Jbaphtmg face, and he hanged. ' Shahjim*.
SheE PBlTER. n./ [from Jbeepbile.] A petty thief.
Hts gate like a fl.epbihr Jeering afide. Tajjir.
Wouldft
SHE
Wouldft thou not be glad to have the' niggardly rafcally
peepbiter come to fome notable {bame. Shakefpeare.
There are political peepbiters as well as paftoral ^betrayers
of publick trufts, as well as of private. . L EJirange.
Shee'pcot. n.f [Jheep and cot.] A little inclofure forjbeep.
Bedlam beggars, with roaring voices,
From low farms, peepcots and mills
Inforce their charity. ? ohakejp. K. Lear.
Up to a hill anon his fteps he rear d,
From whofe high top to ken the profpedt round.
If cottage were in view, Jheepcot or herd j
But cottage, herd, or peepcot none he faw. Milton.
Sheepfo'ld. n.f. [Jheep andJold.~\ The place where fheep are
inclofed.
The bear, the lion, terrors of the plain.
The Peepfold fcatter’d and the ihepherd flain. Prior.
Shee'phook. n. f. [ Peep and hook.] A hook fattened to a pole
by which (hepherds lay hold on the legs of their fheep.
The one carried a crofier of balm-wood, the other a pafto¬
ral ftaff of cedar like 2 peep-hook. Bacon's New Atlantis.
If you dare think of deferving our charms,
Awav with your peehhook, and take to your arms, Dryden.
Shee'pish. adj. [from jheep.'] Bafhfulj over-modeft; timoroufly and meanly diffident.
Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes
abroad, be apeepip or conceited creature. Locke.
Shee'pish ness n.f. [frompeepijh.] Balhfulnefs; mean and
timorous diffidence.
Thy gentry bleats, as if thy native cloth
Transfus’d a peepipnefs into thy ftory. Herbert.
Sheepipnefs and ignorance ofthe world, are not confequences of being bred at home. Locke.
Without fuccefs, let a man be never fo hardy, he will have
fome degree of peepipnefs. Grew.
Shee'pmaster. n.f. [peep and mafler.] An owner of peep.
A nobleman was a great graiier, and a great peepmajler.
• Bacon.
Shfepshea'ring. n f. [peep and pear.] The time of {hear¬
ing fheep; thefeaft made when fheep are fhorn.
There happening a folemn feftivity, fuch as the Peeppearings ufed to be, David begs fome fmall repaft. South.
Sheeps eye n. f. [Peep and eye. ] A modeft diffident look,
fuch as lovers caft at their miftreffes.
Caft a peep's eye behind you: in before me. Dryden.
Sheepwa'lk. n.f. [ peep and walk.] Pafture for fheep.
He beheld a field.
Part arable and tilth ; whereon were {heaves
New reap’d ; the other partJheepwalks and folds. Milt.
Sheer, adj. [ycyp, Saxon.] Pure; clear; unmingled.
If fhe fay, I am not fourteen pence on the fcore for peer
ale, fcore me up for the lying’ft rogue in Chriftendom. Shak.
Sheer argument is not the talent of the man ; little wrefted fentences are the bladders which bear him up, and he
finks downright, when he once pretends to fwim without
them. # Atterbury.
Sheer, adv. [from the adje£live.] Clean; quick; at once.
Thrown by angry Jove
Sheer o’er the cryftal battlements; from morn
To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve,
A fummer’s day ; and with the fetting fun,
Drop’d from the zenith, like a falling ftar,
On Lemnos. Milton.
The fword of Satan, with fteep force to finite
Defcending, and in half catPeer. Milton.
Due entrance he difdain’d, and in contempt
At one flight bound high overleap’d all bound
Of hill or higheft wall, andpeer within
Lights on his feet. Milton.
ToSheer. v. a. [SeeSHEAR.]
I keep my birth-day; fend my Phillis home
AtPiering-time. Dryden.
To Sheer off. v. n. To fteal away; to flip off clandeftincly.
Sheers, n. f. [See Shears.]
Sheet, n.f. [yceat, Saxon.
1. A broad and large piece of linen.
He faw heaven opened, and a veflel defcending unto him,
as a greatPeet, knit at the four corners. Acts x. 11.
2. The linen of a bed.
If I die before thee, fhroud me
In one of thefe famePeets. Shakefpeare.
You think none but yourpeets are privy to your wifhes. Sha.
Some unequal bride in nobler peets
Receives her lord. Dryden.
3. Ecoutes, French; echoten, Dutch.] In a fhip are ropes bent
to the dews of the fails, which ferve in all the lower fails to
hale or round off the clew of the fail; but in topfails they
draw the fail dofe to the yard arms. Did.—Dryden feems to
underftand it otherwife.
1 he little word behind the back, and undoing whifper, like
pulling off a peet-rope at fea, flackens the fail. Suckling.
Fierce Boreas drove againft his flying fails.
And rent the Peets. Dryden.
6
SHE
4. As much paper as is made in one body.
As much love in rhime.
As could be cramm’d up in apeet of paper.
Writ on both fides the leaf, margin and all. bhttkejpeare.
When I firft put pen to paper, 1 though a 11 mould have
to fay would have been contained in onejkeet of paper. Locke.
I let the refraded light fall perpendicularly upon aA* of
white paper upon the oppofite wall. Newton s Upticks.
5. A fingle complication or fold of paper in a book.
6. Any thing expanded.
Such peets offire, fuch burfts of horrid thunder
I never remember to have heard. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
Rowling thunder roars,
And Peets of lightning blaft the Handing field. Dryden.
An azure Pee« it rulhes broad.
And from the loud refounding rocks below,
Dalh’d in a cloud of foam. Thomfon.
Sheet-anchor, n.f. [ peet and anchor.] In a fhip is thelargeft
anchor; which, in ftrefs of weather, is the mariners laft re¬
fuge, when an extraordinary ftiffgale of wind happens. Bailey.
To Sheet v.a. [from the noun.]
1. To furnifh with peets.
2. To enfold in a Peet.
3. To cover as with apeet.
Like the flag when fnow the pafturePeets,
The barks of trees thou browfed’ft. Shakefpeare.
She'kel. n. f [Tpj^] An ancient Jewifh coin equal to four
Attick drachms, or four Roman denarii, in value about 2. s 6 d.
fterling. Did.
The Jews, albeit theydetefted images, yet imprinted upon
their peckle on one fide the golden pot which had the manna,
and on the other Aaron’s rod. Camden.
The huge iron head fix hundred pekels weighed.
And of whole bodies but one wound it made.
Able death’s worft command to overdoe
Deftroying life at once and carcafe too. Cowley«
This coat of mail weighed five thoufand pekels of
brafs. Broome.
She'ldaple. n.f. A chaffinch.
She'ldrape. n.f. A bird that preys upon fifties.
Shelf, n.f [j-cylp, Saxon; fcelf Dutch.] A board fixed
againft a fupporter, fo that any thing may be placed upon it.
About his pelves
A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shakefp•
Bind faft, or from theirpelves
Your books will come and right themfelves. Swift.
You have the pleafure of the profpeit whenever you take
it from your pelf and thefolid cafh you fold it for. Blountj
2. A fand bank in the fea; a rock under fhallow water.
©ur tranfported fouls fhall congratulate each other their
having now fully efcaped the numerous rocks, Pelves, and
quick-fands. Boyle•
Near thePelves of Circe’s ftiores they run,
A dang’rous coaft. Dryden•
He call’d his money in;
But the prevailing love of pelf
Soon fplit him on the formerpelf
He put it out again. Dryden.
3. The plural is analogically pelves; Dryden has pelfs, probab¬
ly by negligence.
He feiz’d the helm, his fellows cheer’d.
Turn’d fhort upon the Pelfs and madly fteer d. Dryclenc
She'lfy. adj. [frompelf.]
1. Full of hidden rocks or banks ; full of dangerous {hallows.
Glides by the fyren’s cliffs a Pelfy coaft.
Long infamous for {hips and {ailors loft.
And white with bones. Dryden.
2. I know not well the meaning in this paffage, perhaps rocky.
The tillable fields are in fome places fo tough, that the
plough will fcarcely cut them; and in fome fo pelfy that the
corn hath much ado to fallen its root. Carew.
Shell, n.f. [ycyll, pceafll, Saxon; fchale9 fchelle, Dutch.
1. The hard covering of any thing; the external cruft.
The fun is as the fire, and the exterior earth is as the pell
of the eolipilc, and the abyfs as the water within it; now
when the heat of the fun had pierced thro’ the Pell and
reach’d the waters, it rarefy’d them. Burn. Theo. ofthe Earth.
Whatever we fetch from under ground is only what is lodg¬
ed in the pell of the earth. < Lode.
2. The covering of a teftaceous or cruftaceous animal.
Her women wear
The fpoils of nations in an ear;
Chang’d for the treafureof a pell9
And in their loofe attires do fvvell. Ben. Jo mf. ati uu.
Albion
Was to Neptune recommended ;
Peace and plenty fpread the fails.
Venus, in herpell before him.
From the fands in fafety bore him.
The Pells ferved as moulds to this fand, which, when confolidated, and afterwards freed from its inveftient Jhef is of
the fame ffiape as the cavity of the/#//, U oodward.
SHE SHE
He, wham ungrateful Athens could expel,
At all times juft, but when he fign’d thcfall. Pope.
3. *1 he covering of the feeds of filiquous plants.
Some fruits are contained within a hardJhell, being the feeds
of the plants. • Arbutbn:t.
4. The covering of kernels.
Chang’d loves are but chang’d forts of meat;
And when he hath the kernel eat,
Who doth not throw away thefall ? Donne.
5. The covering of an egg.
I hink him as a ferpent’s egg,
Which, hatch’d, would, as his kind, grow mifehievous,
And k:l! him in thefail: Shake!. Juliuf Caspar.
6. The outer part of an houfe.
The marquis of Medina Sidonia made the fallof a houfe,
that would have been a very noble building, had he brought it
to perfection. Add!Jon ert Italy.
7 It is ufed for a mufical inftrument in poetry, from teftudo,
Latin ; the firft lyre being faid to have been made by ftraining
firings over the {hell of a tortoife.
Lefs than a god they thought there could not dwell
Vv ithin the hollow of thatJhell,
That fpoke fo fweetly. Dryden.
8. The fuperficial part.
So devout are theRomanifts about this outward fall of re¬
ligion, that if an altar be moved, or a ftene of it broken, it
ought to be reconfecrated. Aylijft's Parer:on.
To Shell, v. a. [from the noun.] To take out of the (hell;
to ftrip of the (hell.
To Shell, v. n.
1. To fall off as broken (hells.
The ulcers were cured, and the fcabsfailed off*. JVifeman.
2. To caff the {hell.
She'llduck. n.f. A kind of wild duck.
To preferve wild ducks, and fotllducks, have a place walled
in with a pond. Mortimer's Husbandry.
She llfish, n.f. [fallan&fjh.] Fi(h invefted with a hard co¬
vering, either teftaceous, as oyftcrs, or cruftaceous, as lobfters.
The (hells, being found, were fo like thofe they faw upon
their (hores, that they never queftioned but that they were the
exuviae of falRJb, and once belonged to the lea. Woodward.
She'lly. qdj. [from fall]
1. Abounding with (hells.
I he ocean rofiing, and theJhellyihore,
Beautiful objcdls, (hall delight no more. Prior.
2. Confiding of (hells.
The conceit of Anaximander was, that the firft men and all
animals were bred in fome warm moifture, inclofed in crufta¬
ceous fields, as lobfters; and fo continued ’till their fully prifons, growing dry and breaking, made way for them. Bentley.
SHE'LTEB.. n.f. [Of this word the etymology is unknown:
S'inner deduces it from Jhell, Davies from ycylb, a (hield,
Saxon.]
1. A cover from any external injury or violence.
We hear this fearful temped fing,
Yet feek nofalter to avoid the ftorm. Shakefp. R. II.
They wiih’d the mountains now might be again
Thrown on them, as a Jhclter from his ire. " Milton.
Heroes of old, when wounded, Jhelter fought;
But he who meets all dangers with difdain,
Ev’n in their face his (hip to anchor brought,
And fteeplc high flood propt upon the main. Dryden.
They may learn experience, and avoid a cave as the word
Jh Iter from rain, when they have a lover in company. Dryd.
The healing plant (ball aid.
From dorms a fhelter, and from heat a (hade. Pope.
2. A protestor; a defender; one that gives fecurity.
1 lion haft been a falter for me, and a ftrong tower from
^ the enemy. • P/lxi. 3.
3. 1 he date of being covered ; protection ; fecurity.
Low at his foot a (pacious plain is plac’d.
Between the mountain and the dream embrac’d;
Which (hade and falter from the hill derives.
While the kind river wealth and beauty gives. Denham.
To She lter. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover from external violence.
We befought the deep tofeller us. Milton.
Thofe ruinsfalter’d once his facred head.
When he fromWor’ftcr’s fatal battle fled
Watch’d by the genius of this royal place’. Dryden.
2. To defend; to protect; to fuccour with refuge; to harbour.'
What endlefs honour (hall you gain.
To fave andfalter Ttoy's unhappy train. Dryden s /En.
3. To betake to cover.
Theyfaltered themfelves under a rock. Abbot.
Comfort thyfelf with fuch thoughts, chiefly when all earthly
comforts fail thee: then do thou particularly retreat to thofe
confiderations, and falter thyfelf under them. Atterbury.
4. i o cover from notice.
In vain I drove to check my growing flame,
OrJhelter paffion under friendlhip’s name ;
E ou faw my heart. Prior.
To SheYter. v. n.
1. To take fhelter.
There the Indian herdfman, fhunning heat.
Shelters in cool. Midon.
2. To give fhelter.
'Then fecks thefartheft: ooze, the fait'ring weed,
The cavern’d bank, his old fecure abode. ^ Phomfon.
She'lterless. adj. [from Jhelter.] Harbourleft; without
home or refuge.
Now fad and Jhelterlefs, perhaps, fhelies,
Where piercing winds blow (harp. A owes fane Shore.
Shelving, adj. [from falfd\ Sloping; inclining; having de¬
clivity.
Her chamber is aloft; far from the ground;
And built fo faiving, that one cannot climb it.
Without apparent hazard of his life. Shakefpeare.
Amidft the brake a hollow den was found,
With rocks and fa'Ivin? arches vaulted round. Addifon.
She'lvy. adj. \ftGtn fbelff Shallow; rocky; full of banks.
I had been drowned, but that the fliore wasJhelvy and (fal¬
low. Shakefp. Merry Wives of IPindfor.
To She nd. v. a. preter. and part. pad*, fant. [pcensan, Saxon;
fchenden, Dutch.]
1. 'To ruin; to fpoil; to mi(chief.
Provide for thy wife, or elfe look to beJbent,
Good milchcow for Winter, another for Lent. Puffer,
Shepherds, ftiould it not yjhenf
Your roundels frefn, to hear a doleful verfe
Of Rofalind, that Colin made? Spenfer.
Such a dream I had of dire portent.
That much I fear my body will be fanty
It bodes 1 (hall have wars. Dryden.
2. Todifgrace; to degrade ; to blame.
Debateful ftrife, and cruel enmity.
The famous name of knighthood foully Jhend. Fa. jjucen.
Sore bruifed with the fall, he flow uprofe.
And all enraged thus, thus him loudlyjhert,
Diflcal knight, whofe coward courage chofe
To wreak itfelf on beaft. Fairy jpueen.
My tongue and foul in this be hypocrites,\
How in my words foever (he be fhent,
To give them feals never my foul confent. Shakefp. HamL
3. To overpower; to crufh ; to furpafs.
She pafs’d the reft as Cynthia doth Jhend
The leffer ftars. Spenfer.
4. It is, though ufed by Dryden, wholly obfolete.
SHE'PHERD. n.f. [pceap, (heep, and pypo, a keeper, Saxon,
yceapajoyrit).]
1. One who tends (beep in the pafture.
I am Jhepherd to another man,
And do not (heer the fleeces that I graze. Shakefpeare.
A Jhepherd next
More meclc came with the firfllings of his flock. Milton.
2. A fwain ; a rural lover.
If that the world and love were young.
And truth in ev’ryJhepherd.'s tongue,
Thefe pretty plcalures might me move
To live with thee, and be thy love. Raleigh.
3. One who tends the congregation ; a paftor.
Lead up all thofe who heard thee, and believ’d ;
’Midft thy own flock, greatJloepherd, be receiv’d.
And glad all heav’n with millions thou haft fav’d. Prior.
She'pherdess. rl.f [from Jhepherd.] A woman that tends
(beep; a rural lafs.
She put heifelf into the garb of a fepherdefs, and in that
difguife lived many years; but difeovering herfelf a little be¬
fore her death, did profefs herfelf the happieft perfon alive,
not for her condition, but in enjoying him (he firft loved; and
that (he would rather, ten thoufand times, live a fapherdefs in
contentment and fatrsfaftion. Sidney.
Thefe your unufual weeds, to each part of you
Do give a life: no Jhepherdefs, but Flora
Peering in April’s front. Shakefp. Winter sPale.
Shedike fome fepherdefs did (hew,
Who fat to bathe her by a river’s fide. Dryden.
His dorick dialed has an incomparable fweetnefs in its
clownilhnefs, like a fair Jhepherdefs in her country ruflet.
Dryden.
Shepherds Needle, n.f. [fcandix, Lat.] Venus comb. An
herb.
Shepherds Purfe, or Pouch, n.f. [ burfa pajloris, Latin. ] A
common weed.
She'pherds Red. n.f. Teafel, of which plant it is a fpecies.
She'pherdish. adj. [fromJhepherd.'] Refembling a (hepherd;
fuiting a (hepherd ; paftoral; ruftick. Not in ufe.
He would have drawn her eldeft fifter, efteemed her match
for beauty, in her fapherdijh attire. Sidney
She faw walking from her-ward a man in fapherdijh apc P, , r „ , Sidney.
She rbet. n.f. [farbat, Arabick.] The juice of lemons or
oranges mixed*with water and fugar. DM.
23 X They
S H I S H I
Dryden.
a (hire.
They prefer our beer above all other drinks; and confidering that water is with the rareft, efpecially in this clime, the
deareft of jherbets, and plenty of barley, it would prove infi¬
nitely profitable to fuch as fnould bring in the ufe thereof. Sand.
Sherd, n.f [ yceajvo, Saxon. J "I he fragment of broken
earthen ware.
The trivet-table of a foot was lame ;
She thrufts beneath the limping leg a jherd.
SHE'RIFF. n.f. [ ycypegepepa, Saxon, from ycype,
and peve, a Reward. It is fometimes pronounced frieve,
which fome poets have injudicioufiy adopted.] An officer to
whom is intrufted in each county the execution of the laws.
A great pow’r of Englifh and of Scots
Arebythtferijf of Yorkfliire overthrown. Shakefp.
Concerning minifters of juftice, the high ferijfs of the
counties have been very ancient in this kingdom. Bacon.
Now may’rs and frieves all hufh’d and fatiate lay. Pope.
She'riffalty.-j
She'riffdom. ( n.f. [ from ferijf. ] The office or jurifShe'riffship. f diCtion of a flieriff.
She'riffwick. J
There was a refumption of patents of gaols, and reannex¬
ing of them to the ferijfwicks ; privileged officers being no lefs
an interruption of juftice than privileged places. Bacon.
She rris. 7 n.f. [from Xeres, a town of Andalufa in
lHE RRis ac . > gpajni a kind 0p fweet Spanifh wine.
She'rry. 3 r
Yourferris warms the blood, which before, cold and fet¬
tled, left the liver white, which is the badge of pufilanimity;
but theJherris makes it courfe from the inwards to the parts
extreme. Shakejpeare.
Good JherrisJack afeends me into the brain, dries me there
all the foolifh dull vapours, and makes it apprehenfive. Shak.
Shew. See Show.
Shide. n.f. [from yceaban, to divide, Saxon.] A board] a
cutting. Skinner.
Shield, n.f [pcylo, Saxon]
i A buckler; a broad piece of defenfive armour held on the
left arm to ward off blows.
Now put your fields before your hearts, and fight
With hearts more proof than fields. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
2. Defence; protection.
3. One that gives protection or fecurity.
The terror of the Trojan field,
The Grecian honour, ornament, and field,
High on a pile th’ unconquer’d chief is plac’d, Drydcn.
To Shield, v.a. [from the noun.]
r. To cover with a fhield.
2. To defend ; to proteCt; to fecure.
Were’t my fitnefs to let thefe hands obey my boiling blood.
They’re apt enough to diflocate and tear
Thy flefh and bones : howe’er
A woman’s drape doth field thee. Shakef. King Lear.
Shouts of applaufe ran ringing through the field,
To fee the fon the vanquifh’d father field. Dryden.
Hear one that comes tofield his injur’d honour,
And guard his life with hazard of her own. Smith.
3. To keep off; to defend againft.
Out of their cold caves and frozen habitations, into the fweet
foil of Europe, they brought with them their ufual weeds, fit
tofield the cold, to which they had been inured. Spenfer.
My lord, I mufi intreat the time alone.
.—God field I ftlould difturb devotion. Shakefpeare.
To SHIFT, v. n. [Of this word the original is obfeure: Jkipta,
Runick, is to change.]
1. To change place.
Vegetables being fixed to the fame place, and fo not able to
fift and feek out after proper matter for their increment, it
was neceffary. that it fhould be brought to them. JVoodward.
2. To change ; to give place to other things.
If the ideas of our minds conftantly change and fift, in a
continual fucceffion, it would be impoffible for a man to think
long of any one thing. Locke.
3. To change cloaths, particularly the linen:
She begs you juft: would turn you while {he fifts. Young.
4. jTo find fome expedient; to aCt or live though with difficulty.
We cannotfift: being in, we mull go on. Daniel.
Men in diftrefs will look to themfelves, and leave their
companions tofift as well as they can. L'EJlrange.
Since we defire no recompence nor thanks, we ought to be
difmified, and have leave to fift for ourfelves. Swift.
5* I o praCtife indirect methods.
All thofe fchoolmen, though they were exceeding witty,
vet better teach all their followers tofift than to refolve by
their diftin£tions. Raleigh.
6- 1 o take fome method for fafety.
Nature inftruCts every creature how to fift for itfelf in
cafes of danger. L'EJlrange.
To Shift, v. a.
1. 'I o change ; to alter.
It was not levity, but abfolute neceffity, that made the fifh
fift their condition. ' L'EJlrange.
Swift.
Come, affift me, mufe obedient;
Let us try fome new expedient;
Shift the feene for half an hour.
Time and place are in thv pow’r.
2. 7 o transfer from place to place.
Pare faftron between the two St. Mary’s days,
Or fet or go fift it that knoweft the ways. Buffer.
3. To put by fome expedient out of the way.
Ififted. him away.
And laid good ’fcufes on your eeftafy. Shakef. Otheho.
The wifdom of all thefe" latter times, in princes affairs, is
rather fine deliveries, and Jhiftings of dangers and milchiefs,
when they are near, than folid and grounded courfes to keep
them aloof. Bacon.
4. To change in pofition.
Neither ufe they fails, nor place their oars in order upon the
Tides ; but carrying the oar loofe, fift it hither and thither at
pleafure. Raleigh.
Where the wind
Veers oft, as oft {he fleers and fifts her fail. Milton.
We ftrive in vain againft the feas and wind;
Now fift your fails. Dryden s /r.n.
5. To change, as cloaths.
I would advife you to fift a ftiirt: the violence of aCtion
hath made you reek as a facrifice. Shakef. Cymbeline.
6. To drefs in frefh cloaths.
As it were to ride day and night, and not to have patience
to fift me. Shak. Henry IV.
7. To Shift off. To defer; to put away by fome expedient.
The moft beautiful parts muft be the moft finifhed, the
colours and words moft chofen : many things in both, which
are not deferving of this care, muft befifted off, content with
vulgar expreffions. Dryden s DufreJnoy.
Struggle and contrive as you will, and lay your taxes as you
pleafe, the traders willfift it off from their own gain. Locke.
By various illufions of the devil they are prevailed on to
fift off the duties, and negleCt the conditions, on which falvation is promifed. Rogers’s Sermons.
Shift, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Expedient found or ufed with difficulty ; difficult means.
She redoubling her blows, drave the ftranger to no’ other
fift than to ward and go back; at that time feeming the
image of innocency againft violence. Sidney.
If I get down, and do not break my limbs,
I’ll find a thoufandfifts to get away. Shakef. K. John.
This perfeCt artifice and accuracy might have been omitted,
and yet they have made fift to move up and down in the
water. Adore’s Antidote againjl Atheifm.
Not any boaft of {kill, but extreme fift
How to regain my fever’d company,
Compell’d me to awake the courteous echo.
To give me anfwer from her molly couch. Milton.
A fafhionable hvpocrify fhall be called good manners, fo we
make afift fomewhat to legitimate the abufe. L'Ejlrange.
Thofe little animals provide themfelves with wheat; but
they can make fift without it. AdJijon.
Our herbals are fufficiently ftored with plants, and we have
made a tolerablefift to reduce them to claffes. Baker.
2. Indirect expedient; mean refuge; laft recourfe.
The very cuftom of feeking fo particular aid and relief at
the hands of God, doth, by a fecret contradiction, withdraw
them from endeavouring to help themfelves, even by thofe
wicked fifts, w'hich they know can never have his allowance
whofe affiltance their prayers feek. Hooker.
To fay, where the notions cannot fitly be reconciled, that
there wanteth a term, is but a fift of ignorance. Bacon.
Slow to refolve, but in performance quick ;
So true, that he was aukward at a trick;
For little fouls on littlefifts rely. Dryden.
3. Fraud; artifice; ftratagem.
Know ye not Ulyffes'fifts P
Their fvvords lefs danger carry than their gifts. Denham.
4. Evafion ; elufory practice.
As long as wit, by whetting itfelf, is able to'-find out any
fift,. be it never fo {light, whereby to efcape out of the hands
of prefent contradiction, they are never at a ftand. Hooker.
Of themfelves, for the moft part, they are fo cautious and
wily-headed, efpeciallv being men of fo fmall experience and
praCtice in law matters, that you would wonder whence they
borrow fuch fubtilities and fly fifts. Spenfer.
Here you fee your commiffion ; this is your duty, thefe are
your difeouragements: never feek forfifts and evaftons from
worldly afflictions: this is your reward, if you perform it;
this your doom, if you decline it. South.,
c. A woman’s linen.
ShFfter. n.f [fromfift.] One who plays tricks; a man
of artifice.
» ['was fuch a fiftcr, that, if truth were known,
Death was half "glad when he had got him down. Milton.
Shi'ftless. adj. [from fift.] Wanting expedients; wanting
means to ad or live.
For
S H I S H I
For the poorJhlfthfs irrationals, it is a prodigious a£l of the
"ren* Creator’s indulgence, that they are all ready furnifhed
with fuch cloathing» Derham’s Phyfico-Tbeology.
ShiTlyng. n.f [pcyllinj. Sax. andErfe; fchelIing,Dut.] A coin
of various value in different times. It is now twelve pence.
Five of thefe pence made theirfoi ling, which they called
railing, probably from fciHngus, which the Romans ufed for
the fourth part of an ounce; and forty-eight of thefe fallings
made their pound, and four hundred of thefe pounds were a
legacy for a king’s daughter, as appeareth by the laffc will of
king Alfred. Camden s Remains.
The very fame finding may at one time pay twenty men in
twenty days, and at another reft in the fame hands one hun¬
dred days. Locke.
Shill-I-shall-I. A corrupt reduplication of fhall IF The
queftion of a man hefitating. To ftand fill-1-fall-1, is to
continue hefitating and procraftinating.
I am fomewhat dainty in making a refolution, becaufe when
I make it, I keep it: I don’t ftand Jl.ill-1Jhall-I then ; if I fay’t,
I’ll do’t. Congreve's Way of the World.
Shi'ly. adv. [from fy.~\ Not familiarly ; not frankly.
Shin. n.f. [ycina, Saxon; fchien, German.] The forepart of
the leg.
I bruifed myfin the other day with playing at fword and
dagger. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfir.
The fin bone, from the knee to the iriftep, is made by Ihadowing one half of the leg with a fingle fhadow. Peacham,
His leg, then broke,
Had got a deputy of oak;
For when a Jhin in fight is cropt.
The knee with one of timber’s propt. Hudibras.
As when to an houfe we come,
To know if any one’s at home,
We knock ; fo one muft kick yourJhin,
Ere he can find your foul’s within. Anonymous.
To SHINE. v. n. preterite I pone, I have Jhone; fometimes 1
Jhhied, l have fined, [pcinan, Saxon ; fchijnen, Dutch.]
1. To have bright refpiendence; to glitter; to gliften; to
gleam.
To-day the French,
All clinquant, all in gold, like heathen gods,
Sh-.ne down the Englifh ; and to-morrow
Made Britain India: ev’ry man that flood,
Shew’d like a mine. Shakefpeare.
True paradife inclos’d with fining rock. Milton.
We can difmifs thee ere the morning fine. Milton.
Fair daughter, blow' away thefe miffs and clouds,
And let thy eyesfine forth in their full luftre. Denham.
The fun fines when he fees it. Locke.
2. To be without clouds.
The moon fines bright: in fuch a night as'this.
When the fweet wind did gently kifs the trees,
And they did make no noile. Shak. Merck, of Vcnico.
How bright and goodlyfines the moon !
The moon! the fun: it is not moonlight now. Shakefp.
Two men flood by them infining garments. Lu. xxiv. 4.
Clear pools greatly comfort the eyes when the fun is overcaff, or when the moonfincth. Bacon.
3. To he glofiy.
They are waxen fat, they fine. Jcr. v. ?8.
Fifh with their fins and fining fcaies. Milton.
The colour and fining of bodies is nothing but the different
arrangement and refraction of their minute parts. Locke.
4. To. be gay ; to be fplendid.
So proud fhefined in her princely ftate.
Looking to heaven ; for earth fhe did difdain,
A nd fi11 i ng h i gh. Fairy jfjeen.
5. To be beautiful.
Of all th’ enamel’d race, whofe filv’ry wing
Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the Spring,
Or fwims along the fluid atmofphere,
Once brighteftfin'd this child of heat and air. Dunciad.
6. To be eminent or confpicuous.
If there come truth from them,
At upon thee, Macbeth, their fpeechesfine.
Why, by the verities on thee made good.
May they not be my oracles as well ? Shakefpeare*
Her face was veil’d ; yet to my fancied fight
Love, fwcetnefs, goodnefs, in her perfon find
So clear, as in no face with more delight. Milton.
Cato’s foul
Shines out in every thing fhe a£!s or fpeaks;
While winning mildnefs and attractive ffniles
Dwell in her looks, and, with becoming grace,
Soften the rigour of her father’s virtues. Addifn.
The reformation, in its firft eftablifhment, produced its
proper fruits, and diftinguifhed the whole age with fining Al¬
liances of virtue and morality. Acldiforis Freeholder.
'Fhe courtier fmooth, who forty years had fin'd
An humble fervant to all human kind. Pope.
Few are qualified to fine in company ; but it is in molt
mens power to be agreeable. Swift.
1
7. To be propitious.
The Lord make his facefine upon thee,'and be gracious.
Nutn. vi. 25.
8. To enlighten corporeally and externally.
The light of righteoufnefs hath notfined unto us, and the
fun of righteoufnefs rofe not upon us. Wifi. v. 6.
Celeftial light
Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers
Irradiate. Mdt'on.
Shine, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Fair weather.
Beit fair or foul, or rain Orfine: Dryden:
He will accuftom himfelf to heat and cold, and fine and
rain; all which if a man’s
him to very little purpofe.
2. Brightnefs; fplendour; luftre. It is a word, though not unanalogical, yet ungraceful, and little ufed.
He that has inured his eyes to that divine fplendour, which
refults from the beauty of holinefs, is not dazzled with the
glittering fine of gold, and confiders it as a vein of the fame
earth he [reads on. Decay of Piety.
Say, in what mortal foil thou deign’ft to grow ?
Fair op’ning to fome court’s propitiousfine.
Or deep with di’monds in the flaming mine ? Pope.
Shi'ness. n* f. [from fy.~\ Unwillingnefs to be tradable or
familiar.
An incurable finefs is the vice of Irifh horfes, and is hardly
ever feen in Flanders, becaufe the Winter forces the breeders
there to houfe and handle their colts. Temple.
They were famous for their juftice in commerce, but ex¬
treme finefs to ftrangers: they expofed their goods with the
price marked upon them, and then retired. Arbuthnot.
Shi'ngle. n.f [j'cbindel, Germ.J A thin board to cover houfes.
The beft to cleave, is the moft ufeful for pales, laths,
fingles, and wainfeot. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Shi'ngles. n.f. Wants fingul. [cingulum, Latin; zona morbus,
Plinio.] A kind of tetter or herpes that fpreads itfelf round
the loins.
Such are ufed fuccefsfully in eryfipelas andfingles, by a {len¬
der diet of decodions of farinaceous vegetables, and copious
drinking of cooling liquors. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Shi'ny. adj. [from fine.] Bright; fplendid; luminous.
When Aldeboran was mounted high.
Above the finy Cafliopeia’s chain,
One knocked at the door, and in would fare. Fa. JJJueen.
- The night
Isfiny, and they fay we (hall embattle
By th’ fecond hour o’ th’ morn. Shak. Ant. andCleopatra.
While from afar we heard the cannons play*
Like d iff ant thunder on a finy day.
For abfent friends we were aftiam’d to fear. Dryden.
Ship. [ ycip, ycyp, Saxon; fchap, Dutch.] A termination
noting quality or adjunct, as lordfip; or office, asJleward~
fipbody will not endure, it will ferve
Locke.
SHIP, n.f [ ycip, Saxon; fchippen, Dutch.] A {hip may be
defined a large hollow building, made to pafs over the fea
Watts.
Bacon.
and fome
Knolles.
Dryden:
with fails.
All my followers to the eager foe
Turn back, and fly like fips before the wind. Shak. H.VJ,
There made forth to us a fmall boat, with about eight perfons in it, whereof one of them had in his hand a tipftafF,
who made aboard our fip.
Two other fips loaded with victuals were burnt,
of the men faved by their Ihipboats.
Nor is indeed that man iefs mad than thefe.
Who freights afip to venture on the feas.
With one frail interpofing plank to fave
From certain death, roll’d on by ev’ry wave.
Inftead of a fip, he fnould levy upon his country fuch a
fum of money, and return the fame to the treafurer of the
navy: hence that tax had the denomination of Jbip-monty,
by which accrued the’ yearly fum of two hundred thoufand
pounds. Clarendon.
A fip-carpenter of old Rome could not have talked more
judicioufly. Addijon.
To Ship. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To put into a (hip.
Mv father at the road j
Experts my coming, there to fee me fipp’d. Shakefp.
The emperor, fipping his great ordnance, departed down
the river. KnoUes’s Hijl. of the Turks.
All the timber whereof was cut down in the mountains of
Cilicia, and Jhippcd in the bay of Attalia, from whence it was
by fea tranfported to Pelufium.
A breeze from fhore began to blow.
The failors fip their oars, and ceafe to row ;
Then hoift their yards a-trip, and all their fails
Let fall*
To tranfport in a {hip.
Andronicus, would thou wertfif-t to hell.
Rather than rob me nf tKf. L,.-,-*.,,
Knolles,
Dryden.
than rob me of the people’s hearts. Shakefpeare.
The
S H 1 s e i
The fun no fooner {hall the mountains touch,
But we will fip him hence. Shakefp. Hamlet.
In Portugal men fpent with age, To as they cannot hope for
above a year of life, Jhip themfelves away in a Brazil fleet.
Temple.
A fingle leaf can waft an army o’er,
Or Jhip off fenates to feme diftant flhore. . Pope.
The canal that runs from the fea into the Arno gives a con¬
venient carriage to all goods that are to be/hipped oft. Addif.
Shi'pboard. n.J. [ Jhip and board. See Board.]
1. This word is feldom ufed but in adverbial phrafes : a fipboard, on Jhipbcard, in a fhip.
Let him go on faipknard, and the mariners will not leave
their {larboard and larboard. Bramhall.
Friend,
What do’ft thou make a fipboard f To what end ? Dryden.
Ovid, writing from on JlApboard to his friends, excufed the
faults of his poetry by his misfortunes. Dryden.
2. Tf>e plank of a (hip.
They have made all thy Jhipboards of fir-trees, and brought
cedars from Lebanon to make mails. Ezek. xxvii. 5.
Shi'pboy. n.f [Jhip and boy.] Boy that ferves in a {hip.
Few or none know me : if they did,
ThisJhipboys femblance hath difguis’d me quite. Shakefp.
Shi'pman. n.f. [Jhip add man.] Sailor; feaman.
I myfelf have the very points they blow.
All the quarters that they know
I’ th’Jhi;mans card. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Hiram fent in the navy Jhipmen that had knowledge of the
fea. 1 Kings ix. 27.
Shipmaster, n.f. Mafter of the flaip.
The foipmafter came to him, and faid unto him, what
meaneft thou, O deeper ! arife, call upon thy God. Jon. i. 6.
Shipping, n.f. [fromJhip.]
I.Veffels of navigation.
Before Csefar’s invafion of this land, the Britons had not
any jhipping at all, other than their boats of twigs covered
with hides. . Raleigh.
The numbers and courage of our men, with the ftrength
of our./hipping, have for many ages paft made us a match for
the greateft of our neighbours at land, and an overmatch for
the ffrongeft at fea. Temple.
Fifhes firft toJhipping did impart;
Their tail the rudder, and their head the prow. Dryden.
1. Paffage in a fhip.
They took /hipping and came to Capernaum, feeking for
Jefus. _ Jo. vi. 24.
Shi'pwreck. n.f. [Jhip and wreck.]
1. The deft ru£iion of lhips by rocks or {helves.
Bold were the men, which on the ocean firft
Spread their new fails, whenJhipwreck was the worft. Waller.
We are not to quarrel with the water for inundations and
fipwrecks. L'Ejirange.
This fea war coff the Carthaginians five hundred quinquiremes, and the Romans feven hundred, including theirfip¬
wrecks. Arbuthnot.
2. The parts of a fhattered fhip.
They might have it in their own country, and that by ga¬
thering up the fipwrecks of the Athenian and Roman thea¬
tres. Dryden.
3. Deftru<ftion; mifearriage.
Holding faith and a good confcience, which fome having
put away, concerning faith, have made Jhipwreck. 1 Tim. i.
To Shi'pwreck. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To deffroy by dafhing on rocks or fhallows.
Whence the fun ’gins his reflection,
Shipivrecking {forms and direful thunders break. Shgkefp.
2. To make to fuffer the dangers of a wreck.
Thou that can’ft fiill the raging of the feas.
Chain up the winds, and bid the tempefis ceafe.
Redeem myJhipwreck'd foul from raging gufls
Of cruel pafiion and deceitful luffs. Prior.
A fquare piece of marble fhews itfelf to have been a little
pagan monument of two perfons who wereJhipwrecked. Addif.
3. To throw by lofs of the veflel.
Shipwreck’d upon a kingdom, where no pity,
No friends, no hope ! no kindred weep for me. Shakefp.
Shipwright, n f [Jhip and wright.] A builder of {hips.
Why fuch imprefs of fipwrights, whofe fore talk
Does not divide the Sunday from the week. Shakefp.
A miferable {bame it were for our Shipwrights, if they did
not exceed all others in the fetting up of our royal fhips. Ral.
Vaft numbers of fhips in our harbours, and Shipwrights in
our fea-port towns. Swift.
The Roman fleet, although built byfifwrights, and con¬
ducted by pilots, both without experience, defeated that of
the Carthaginians. Arbuthnot.
As when a fifwright ftands his workmen o’er,
Who ply the wimble fome huge beam to bore.
Urg’d on all hands it nimbly fpins about.
The grain deep piercing, ’till it lcoops it out. Pope.
Shire, n.f [fcir> from j-cipan, to divide, Sax. Jhyre, Erfe.]
A divifion of the kingdom; a county; fo much of the king¬
dom as is under one fheriff.
Flis blazing eyes, like two bright fhining {hields,
Did burn with wrath, and fparkled living lire;
As two broad beacons, fet in open fields.
Send forth their fames far off to everyfire. la. Queen.
The noble youths from diftant/hires refort. P/ior.
SHIRT. n.J. [Jhiert, Danifn ; ycypc, ycyp.ic, Saxon.] 1 he
under linen garment of a man.
Shift a Jhirt: the violence of adlion hath made you reek as
a facrifice. ShakeJp. Cymbeline.
I take but twoJhirts out with me, and I mean not to fweat
extraordinarily. Shak/p. Henry 1V.
When we lay next us what we hold moil dear,
Like Hercules, envenom’d Jhirts we wear,
And cleaving mifehiefs. Dryden.
Several perfons in December had nothing over their {boul¬
ders but their Jhirts. Addifon on Italy.
To Shirt, v. a. [from the noun ] To cover ; to clothe as in
a ihirt.
Ah ! for fo manv fouls, as but this morn
Were cloath’d with fiefn, and warm'd with vital blood.
But naked now, orJhirted but with air. Dryden.
Shi'rtless. adj. [from firt.] W anting a fhirt.
Linfey-wooifey brothers,
Grave mummers! fleevelefs forpe, and Jhirtiefs otners. Pope.
Shi'ttah. J n.f A fort of precious wood, of which Mofes
Shi'ttim. > made the greateft part of the tables, altars, and
planks belonging to the tabernacle. The wood is hard, tough,
fmcoth, without knots, and extremely beautiful. It grows in
Arabia. Calmett.
I will plant in the wildernefs the Jhittah-tree. If. xii. 19.
Bring me an offering of badgers {kins and fitttm-wood. Ex.
Shi'ttlecock. n.f. [Commonly and perhaps as properly futtlecock. Of JhittLe or Shuttle the etymology is doubtful: Skin¬
ner derives it from fchutteln, German, to fhalce; or yceatan,
Saxon, to throw. He thinks it is called a cock from its fea¬
thers. Perhaps it is properlyJhuttlecork, a cork driven to and
fro, as the inftrument in weaving, and foftened by frequent
and rapid utterance from cork to cock.] A cork ftuck with
feathers, and driven by players from one to another with battledoors.
You need net difeharge a cannon to break the chain of his
thoughts: the pat of aJhift/ecock, or the creaking of a jack,
will do his bufinefs. Collier.
Shive. n.f [fchyve, Dutch.]
1. A flice of bread.
Eafy it is
Of a cut loaf to fteal a fhive. Shakefp. Titus Andrewcus.
2. A thick fplinter, or lamina cut off from the main fubftance.
Shavings made by the plane are in fome things differing
from thofe /hives, or thin and flexible pieces of wood, that are
obtained by borers. Boyle.
To SHAVER, v. n. [fchaivren, German.] To quake; to
tremble ; to {hudder, as with cold or fear.
Any very harfti noife will fet the teeth on edge, and make
all the bodyfiver. * Bacon.
What religious palfy’s this,
Which makes the boughs diveft their blifs?
And that they might her footfteps ftraw,
Drop their leaves with jhiverini awe. Clcavcland.
Why ftand we longerJhivering under fear? Milton.
The man thatJhiver d on the brink of fin.
Thus fteel’d and harden’d, ventures boldly in. Dryden.
Pope.
He deferibed this march to the temple with fo much horror,
that hefivered every joint. ' Addijon.
Give up Laius to the realms of day,
Whofe ghoft, yet ft iv ring on Cocytus’ fand,
Expecfs its paffage to the farther ftrand.
Prometheus is laid
On icy Caucafus to Jhiver,
While vultures eat his growing liver. Swift.
To Shi'ver. v.n. [from Jhive.] To fall at once into many
parts or {hives.
Had’ft thou been aught butgofTmer, feathers, flr,
So many fathom down precipitating,
Thou’d’flJhiver a like an egg. Shake/. King John.
Upon the breaking and Jhivering of a great ftate, you may
be fure to have wars. Bacon.
The natural world, {hould gravity once ceafe, or be with¬
drawn, would inftantly Jhiver into millions of atoms. // ooaw.
To Shi'ver. v. a. To break by one a<ft into many parts ; to
{hatter.
The ground with fiver’’d armour drown. Milton.
Show’rs of granado’s rain, by fmlden burft
Difploding murd’rous bowels ; fragments of fteel
A thoufand ways at once, thtjhiver d orbs
Fly diverfe, working torment. i hilips.
Shi'ver. n.f. [from the verb.] One fragment of many into
which any thing is broken.
He would pound thee into fivers with his hit, as a failor
breaks a bifket. Shakefp. Troilus and Crefftda.
2 As
S H O
As brittle as the glory is the face;
For there it is crack’d in an hundredfivers. Shakefpecire.
If you ftrike a folid body that is brittle, it breaketh not only
where the immediate force is, but breaketh all about intoJhiwn and fritters. . Bacon's Nat. Hijlory.
Surging waves againft a folid rock.
Though all to fivers dalh’d, th’ affault renew.
Vain batt’ry, and in froth or bubbles end. ’ Milton.
Shi vtJtY. adj. [hom Jl:u ei .J Loofe of coherence; incom¬
pact; eafily falling into many fragments.
1 here were obferved incredible numbers of thefe fhells
thus flatted, and extremely tender, in Jhivery lfone. IPoodvjard.
Sho'adstone. n f /
SLoad/Ione is a finalj lfone, firiooth without, of a dark liver colour, and. of the fame colour within, only with the addi¬
tion of a faint purple, it is a fragment broke of an iron
vei,>- > _ IVoocvixoard on Fcfft's.
Certain tin-flones ly on the face of the ground which they
cal! foacl, as filed from the main load, and made fomewhat
round by the water. Cmew’s Survey of Cornzvall.
he loads or veins of metal were by this aCiion of the de¬
parting water made eafy to be found out by the foods, or
trains of mctallick fragments born off from them, and lying
»n trains irom thole veins towards the fea, in the lame courfe
that water falling thence would take. Woodward.
Shoal, n f. [ycole,1 Saxon.
1. A croud ; a great multitude; a throng:
When there be great foals of people, which go on to po¬
pulate, without forefeeing means of luflentation ; once in an
age they dilcharge a portion of their people upon other natLOns' . Bacon.
A league is made againft fuch routs and foies of people as
have utterly degenerated from nature. Bacon.
I he vices of a prince drawJho!es of followers, when his vir¬
tue leaves mm the more eminent, becaufe fingle. Decay cfPiety.
A Jhqal of filver fifties glides
And plays about the barges. Wader.
God had the command of famine, whereby he could have
carried them off by Jhoals. Woodward.
Around the goddefs roll
Lroad hats, and hoods, and caps, a fable focal.
Thick, and more thick the black blocade extends. Pope.
2. A (hallow ; a fand bank.
The haven’s mouth they durff not enter, for the dangerous
Abbot's Defcript. ofthe Worlds
He heaves them off the Jhdes. Dryden.
The depth of your pond fhould he fix foot; and on the
fidcs feme /holes for the fifh to lay their fpawn. Mortimer.
To Shoal, v. n. [from the noun.] i
x. To croud; to throng.
The wave-fprung entrails, about which faufens and fifh
n did foie. Chapman.
2. I o be (hallow; to grow (hallow.
What they met
Solid, or (limy, as in raging fea.
Toft up and down, together crouded drove,
From each fide/; aling tow’rds the mouth of hell. Milton.
Shoal, adj. Shallow ; obftruCted or incumbered with banks.
Shoa l.ine>s. n.f [fiom fiay.] Shallownefs; frequency of
(hallow places. }
Shoa'ly. adj. [from foal.] Full of fhoals ; full of (hallow
places.
Thofe who live
Where, with his fsaly foords Vulturnus roars. Dryden.
The watchful heroe felt the knocks, and found
The tolling veil'd fail’d on foaly ground. Dryden.
SftoCK. n. f. [aooc, French ; [lhocken, Dutch J
1. Conflict; mutual impreffion of violence; violent concourfe.
1 hro’ the fock
Of fighting elements on all fidcs round
Environ’d, wins his way. Milton
2. Concuftion; external violence.
It is inconceptible how any fuch man that hath llooj the
fmut of an eternal duration, without corruption or alteranon, mould after be corrupted or altered 7ui„, f-saK
Thefe ftrong unfliaken mounds refill: thtfocks *
Of tides and feas tempeftuous, while the rocks
That feeret in a long continu’d vein
Pafs through the earth, the pon’drous pile fuftain. Black
Such is the haughtv man, his tow’ring foul
’Midft all the focks and injuries of fortune,
Rifes fuperior and Jo ks down on Caffiar. Addifm
Long at the head of his few faithful friends, J
lie flood the fock of a whole boll of foes. Addifon
"1 he tender apples from their parents rent.
By ftormy focks muff not neglected lye,
The prey of worms. Philips.
3 1 he conflict of enemies.
1 lie adverfe legions, not lefs hideousjoin’d
The horrid fock. Milton.
I hole that run away are in more dansrer than the others
Xbat (laud the fock. VBftrangu
S H O
The mighty force
Of Edward twice o’erturn’d their defp’rate kirw !
Twice he arole, and join’d the horrid fock. Philips,
4. Offence ; impreffion of difguft.
Fewerfocks a ftatefman gives his friend. Younr.
5. [Scboeks, old Dutch.] A pile of (heaves of corn.
Corn tithed, fir parfon, together to get,
And caufe it on focks to be by and by fet. 7'uf.
In a full age, like as a fock of corn cometh in, in his
feafon. Job.
Thou, full of days, like weighty focks of corn,
In feafon reap’d, (hall to thy grave be born. Sandys.
Behind the mafter walks, builds up the focks,
Feels his heart heave with joy. Phomfon.
6. [from jhaggf] A rough dog.
I would tain know why a fock and a hound are not diftind! fpecies. Locke.
To Shock, v. a. [ (chocken, Dutch.
!. To (hake by violence.
Thefe her princes are come home again :
Come the three corners of the world in arms,
And we willfock them. Bbukefp. K. John.
2. To offend ; to difguft.
Suppofing verfes are never fo beau'iful yet if they contain
any thing that Jhccks religion or good manners, they are
Vcrjus iiiopes rerum nugasqi ts canons. Dryden.
. Thofe who in reading Homer arc fock'd that ’tis always a
lion, may as well be angry that ’tis always a man. Pope.
My fon,
I bade him love, and bid him now forbear*
If you have any kindnefs for him, (fill
Advife him not to fock a father’s will. Dryden.
To Shock, v, n. To be offenftve.
T he French humour, in regard of the liberties they take
in female converfations, is very Jhockmg to the Italians, who
^ are naturally jealous. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
T o Shock, v. n. [from the noun,] To build up piles of
(heaves.
Reap well, fcatter not, gather clean that is (horn,
Bind faft, fock apace, nave an eye to thy corn. Puffer.
Shod, forfoed, the preterit and participle paffive of to foe.
Strong exeltreed cart that is clouted and fod. Puffer.
Shof. n.f plural jhoes, anciently focn. [pceo, peoe, Sa*on j
fchoe, Dutch.] ! he cover of the foot.
Your hofe (hould be ungarter’d, youxfee untied, and every
thing about you demonftrating a carelefs defolation. Skakejp.
Spare n ne but fuch as go in domed foon,
For they are thrifty honeft men. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
7 his hollow cylinder is fitted with a fucker, upon which
is nailed a good thick piece of tanned /^-leather. Boyle.
Unknown and like efteem’d, and the dull Twain
Treads on it daily with his clouted fhoon.
And yet more medic’nal than that moly
That Hermes once to wife Uiyffes gave;
He call’d it haemony. Milton.
I was in pain, pulled of my foe, and feme eafe that , ave
Pernple.
io 5hoe. v. a. preterit, Ifod-, participle paffive[from
the noun ]
1. To .fit the foot with a foe.
7 he fmith’s note forfeeing and plough irons. Shakefp.
He doth nothing but talk of his horfe; and makes it a
great appropriation to his own good parts, that he can foe
him himfelf. Shakefpeure.
I ell your mafter that the horfes want foeing. Swift
2. To cover at the bottom.
The wheel compos’d of crickets bones.
And daintily made for the nonce.
For fear of rattling on the ftones,
With thiftle down they fod it. Drayt.
ShoeToy. n.f. [fe and boy.] A boy that cleans foes.
If I employ a Jhoeboy, is it in view to his advantage, or
my own convenience ? Swift
How each the publick good purfues, ^ *
Make all true patriots up to foeboys,
Huzza their brethren. ^wift
Shoe'ing-horn. n.f. [foe and horn ]
1. A horn ufed to facilitate the admiffion of the foot into a nar¬
row foe.
2. Any thing by which a tranfaftion is facilitated; any thin*
ufed as a medium. In contempt. J a
Mod of our fine young ladies retain in their fervice funcrnumerary and infignificant fellows which they ufe like whifflers, and commonly callJkoeing-horns. S^ei7 t '
vea^^T f*" for above’ thefe twenTv
years. I ferved my miftrefs in that capacity above five of
nadeUrhbCr ^ W3S fhod\ Though foe had many who
heft fh 1C1^ 1<*]ltlons t0 her, I always thought myfelf the
bed Ihoe in her IW 8 ipCMor.
.ma ker. n J. [ fot and maker.’] One whofe trade is to
mak.e (hoes. '
23 Y A
SHO #
A colder or foemaker may find fomc little fault with the
latchet of a fhoe that an Appelles had painted, when the
whole figure is fuch, as none but an Appelles could paint. Watts.
Shoe'tye. rtf. [foe and tye.] The ribband with which wo¬
men tie their foes.
Madam, I do as is my duty.
Honour the fhadow of your [hoetye. Hudibras.
Shog. n.f. [from fockd\ Violent concufflon.
Another’s diving bow he did adore,
Which, with a fog, caffs all the hair before. Dryden.
He will rather have the primitive man to be produced, in a
kind of digefting balneum, where all the heavier lees may
fubfide, and a due ^equilibrium be maintained, not difturbed
by any fuch rude and violent/begs that would ruffle and break
all the little ftamina of the embryon. Bentley.
To Shog. v. a. To (hake ; to agitate by fudden interrupted impulfes.
After it is wafhed, they put the remnant into a wooden
difh, the which they foftly Jbog to and fro in the water, un¬
til the earthy fubftance be flitted away. Careiu.
Shone. The preterite offine.
All his father in himfane. Milton.
Shook. The preterite and in poetry participle paffive offake.
Taxallan, fotk by Montezuma’s pow’rs,
Has, to refift his forces, call d in ours. Dryden.
To Shoot, v. a preterite, I fat} participle, fot orfotten.
[pcebtan, Saxon.]
1. To difeharge any thing fo as to make it fly with fpeed or vio¬
lence.
Light
Shoots far into the bofom of dim night
A glimmering dawn.
2. To difeharge from a bow or gun.
I owe you much, and like a witlefs youth,
That which I owe is loft; but if you pleafe
’Tofoet an arrow that felf way
Which you didfoot the firft, I do not doubt
To find both. Sbakefpeare*
This murtherous draft that’sfot
•Hath not yet lighted} and our fafeff way 5
Is to avoid the aim. Sbakefpeare.
3. To let off. _ ,
The men foot ftrong (hoots with their bows. Abbot, b
The two ends of a bow fot off, fly from one another. Beyle.
Men who know not hearts, (hould make examples}
Which like a warning-piece, muff be fot off, 7
To fright the reft from crimes. Dryden.
4. To ftrike with any thingfot.
Not an hand (hall touch the mount, but he (hall be ftoned
orfot thro’. Exod. xix. 13.
The liquid air his moving pinions wound.
And, in the moment, foot him on the ground. Dryden.
SHO
and therefore they are commonly trees that fot
Bacon.
Bacon.
Cleav.
Dryden.
Denham.
Dryden.
the earth
up much.
Onions, as they hang, will foot forth.
The ti ee at once both upward /boots.
And juft as much grows downward to the roots.
The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees,
Shoots rifing up, and fpreads by (low degrees
Nor will the wither’d flock be green again,
But.the wild olivefoots and (hades the ungrateful plain. Dr,
New creatures rife,
A moving rr.afs at firlt, and (hort of thighs;
Till footing out with legs and imp’d with wings. Dryden.
The corn laid up by ants would fot under ground, if
they did not bite off all the buds; and therefore it will pro¬
duce nothing. Addifon.
This valley of the Tirol lies enclofed on all fides by the
Alps, though its dominions foot out into feveral branches
among the breaks of the mountains. Addifon s Italy.
Exprefs’d juices of plants, boiled into the confidence of a
fyrup, and fet into a cool place, the eflential fait willfoot up¬
on the fides ofthe veffels. Arbi.thot on Aliments.
A wild, where weeds and flow’rs promifeuous foot,
Or garden, tempting with forbidden fruit. Pope.
5. To form itfelf into any (hape.
It the menftruum be over charged, metals will foot into
chryflals. Bacon.
Although exhaled and placed in cold confervatories, it will
chryftalize and foot into glaceous bodies. Brown’s Vulg. Er.
That rude mafs willfoot itfelfinto feveral forms, till it make
habitable world : the fteady hand of Providence being the
Milton. 4
5. To emit new parts, as a vegetable.
None of the trees exalt themfelves, neither foot up their
top among the thick boughs. Ezek. xxxi. 14.
A grain of muftard groweth up and footeth out great
branches. Mark. iv. 32.
Tell like a tall old oak, how learning foots.
To heaven her branches, and to hell her roots.
6. To emit} to dart or thruft forth.
Ye bucks, who pluck the flow’rs.
Beware the fecret fnake thatfoots a fling.
The laff had a ftar upon its bread:, which fot forth point¬
ed beams of a peculiar luftre. Addifon.
Fir’d by the torch of noon, to tenfold rage,
Th’ infuriate hill forth foots the pillar’d flame. Thomfon.
7. To pu(h fuddenly.
I have laugh’d fometimes when I have reflected on thofe 9
men who have fot themfelves into the world; fome bolting
out upon the ftage with vaft applaufe, and fome hiffed oft,
quitting it with difgrace. Dryden.
8. To pufh forward.
They that fee mz/l.oot out the lip, they (hake the head. Pf
9. To fit to each other by pianing } a workman’s term.
Strait lines in joiner’s language are called a joint} that is
two pieces of wood that arc/hot, that is plained or elfe paired
with a pairing chiffel. Moxon.
10. To pafs through with fwiftnefs.
T hus having faid, (lie finks beneath the ground,
With furious bafte, and foots the Stygian found. Dryden.
To Shoot, v. n.
1. To perform the a£t of footing.
The archers have forely grieved him and fot at him. Gen.
When he has /hot his heft, he is fure that none ever did
foot better. Temple.
When you /hoot, and (hut one eye.
You cannot think he would deny
To lend the t’other friendly aid.
Or wink, as coward and afraid. Prior.
2. To germinate } to increafe in vegetable growth.
Such trees as love the fun do not willingly defeend far into
Milton:
Dryden.
Dryden.
an
invifible guide of all its motions. Burnet’s Theory ofthe Earth.
To be emitted.
Therefot a (Learning lamp along the (ky,
Which on the winged light’ning feem’d to fly. Dryden.
Tell them that the rays of lightfoot from the fun to our
earth, at the rate of one hundred and eighty thoufand miles
in the fecond of a minute, they (land aghaft at fuch talk. Watts.
The grand ietherial bow
Shoots up immenfe. Thomfon«
. To protuberate } to jet out.
The land did foot out with a very great promontory, bend¬
ing that way. Abbot’s Defcript. of the World.
. To pafs as an arrow.
Thy wordsfoot thro’ my heart.
Melt my refolves, and turn me all to love. Addifon.
7. To become any thing fuddenly.
Let me but live to (hadow this young plant
From blites and ftorms : he’ll foonfoot up a heroe. Dryd.
8. To move fwiftiy along.
Afooting ftar in autumn thwartsthe night.
A (hining harveft either hoft difpiays.
And foots againft the fun with equal rays.
At firft (lie flutters, but at length (he fprings,
To fmoother flight, and foots upon her wings.
The broken air loud whiftling as (lie flies.
She ftops and liftens, and foots forth again.
And guides her pinions by her young ones cries. Dryden.
Heay’n’s imperious queen fot down from high.
At her approach the brazen hinges fly.
The gates are forc’d. Dryden.
She downward glides.
Lights in Fleet-ditch, and foots beneath the tides.
Where the mob gathers, fwiftiy foot along.
Nor idly mingle in the noify throng.
Atthefummons roll’d her eyes around,
Not half fo fwiftiy foots along in air,
The gliding light’ning.
To feel a quick pain.
Shoot, n.f. [from the verb.)
1. The a£t or impreffion of any thing emitted from a diftance.
The Turkifh bow giveth a very koiddAefoot, infomuch as
the arrow, hath pierced a fteel target two inches thick} hue
the arrow if headed with wood, hath been known to pierce
thro’ a piece of wood of eight inches thick. Bacon.
2. The a<ft of (Liking, or endeavouring to ftrike with a mifflve
weapon difeharged by any inftrument.
The ncife of thy crofs-bow
Will fcare the herd, and fo my foot is loft. Sbaxefp.
But come the bow; now mercy goes to kill,
And (hooting well is then accounted ill.
Thus will I fave my credit in thefost, , air
Not wounding, pity would not let me do t. ShaleJ/ea-e.
As a country fellow was making a foot at a pigeon, he
trode upon a fnake that bit him. Lf/frange.
2 [Scheuten, Dutch.] Branches iffuing from the mam (lock.
They will not come juft on the tops where they were
cut, but out of thofe foots which were water boughs. Bacon.
I faw them under a green mantling vine.
Plucking ripe cluiiers from the tender foots. Milton.
Prune off fuperfluous branches and fo.ts of this fecond
fpring} butexfofe not the fruit without leaves fufficient. E^el.
Gay.
Gay.
Pope.
The
S H O
The hook Hie bore.
To lop the growth of the luxuriant year,
To decent form the lawlefs/xwA to bring,
And teach th’obedient branches where to Ipring, Pope.
Now, fhould my praifes owe their truth
To beauty, drefs, or paint, or youth,
’Twere grafting on an annual flock
That mufl our expectations mock ;
And making one luxuriantfoot,
Die the next year for want of root. Swift.
Shoo'ter. n.f. [from Jhoct.] One that (hoots; an archery
a gunner.
The footer ewe, the broad-leav’d fycamore. Fairfax.
We arejhooters both, and thou doll deign
To enter combat with us, and contefl
With thine own clay. Heibert.
The King with gifts a veffel (lores;
And next, to reconcile the Jbooter God,
Within her hollow Tides the facrifice he flow’d. Dryden.
Shop. n.f. [yceop, Saxon, a magazines efchoppe, French ;
fnpa, low Latin.] AhJworth.
I.A place where any thing is fold.
Our windows are broke down,
And we for fear conYpeli’d to fhut our Jh>ps. Shakefpeare*
Your mofl grave belly thus anfwer’d;
True is it, my incorporate friends.
That I receive the general food at firft.
Which you do live upon; and fit it is,
Becaufe 1 am the flore-houfe and the Jhop
Of the whole body. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
In his needy fop a tortoife hung,
An alligator (tuft, and other (kins
Of ill-fhap’d fifties; and about his (helves
A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shakefpeare.
Scarce any fold in fps could be relied on as faithfully pre¬
pared. Boyle.
His Jhop is his element, and he cannot with any enjoy¬
ment of himfelf live out of it. South's Sermons.
2.A room in which manufactures are carried on.
We have divers mechanical arts and fluffs made by them ;
and fops for fuch as are not brought into vulgar ufe. Bacon.
Shopboa'rd. n.f \_fhop and board.] Bench on which any work
is done.
That beaflly rabble, that came down
From all the garrets in the town.
And flails, and Jhopboards, in vafl fwarms.
With new-chalk’d bills, and rufty arms. Hudlbras.
It dwells not in (hops or work-houfes ; nor till the late age
was it ever known, that any one ferved feven years to a
fmith or a taylor, that he fhould commence doctor or divine
from the Jhopboard or the anvil; or from whiffling to a team,
come to preach to a congregation. South s Sermons.
Sho'pbook. n.f. [fop and book.] Book in which a tradesman
keeps his accounts.
They that have wholly negleCted the exercife of their underflandings, will be as unfit for it as one unpra&ifed in
figures to caff up aJhopbook. Locke.
Shopkeeper, n. f. [Jh p and keep.] A trader who fells in a
(hop; not a merchant who only deals by wholefale.
Nothing is more common than to hear a Jhopkceper defiring
his neighbour to have the goodnefs to tell him what is a
clock. Addifon.
Shi/pman. n.f. [flop and man.] A petty trader.
Garth, gen’rous as his mufe, preferibes and gives.
The Jhopman fells, and by deftruCtion lives. Dryden.
Shore, the preterit offear.
I’m glad thy father’s dead :
I hy match was mortal to him, and pure grief
Shore his old thread in twain. Shakefpeare.
Shore, n.f. [ycope, Saxon.]
1. The coatl of the fea.
Sea cover’d fea 4
Sea withoutfore. Milton.
2. The bank of a river. A licentious ufe.
Befide the fruitful Jhore of muddy Nile,
Upon a funny bank outflretched lay,
In monflrous length a mighty crocodile. Spenrer.
3. A drain ; properly fever.
4. [School-en, Dutch; to prop.] The fupport ofa building; abuttrefs.
When 1 ufe the word Jhore, I may intend thereby a coafl
of land near the fea, or a drain to carry off water, or a prop
to fupport a building. Watts's Logick.
To Shore, v. a. [Jchooren, Dutch.]
1. To prop ; to fupport.
T hey undermined the wall, and as they wrought, Jhored it
up with timber. Knol/es.
He did not much flrengthen his own fubfiflence in court,
hut flood there on his own feet, for the mofl of his allies
rather leaned upon him than Jl.ored him up. IVotton.
1 here was rITo made a foring or under-propping aCt for
the benevolence; to make the fums which any perfon had agreed to pay, leviable by courfe of law. Bacon's Hen. VII.
S H O
2. To fet on fliore. Not in ufe.
I will brin^ thefe two blind ones aboard him ; if he think
it fit to Jhore them agab• let him call me rogue. Shakefpeare.
Sho'reless. adj. [from Jhore.] Having no c aft*
This ocean of felicity is fo Jhorc.efs and bottomlefs, that
all the faints and angels cannot exliautl it. ^ Bo ie.
Sh'orli 'G. n. /. [from Jh ar, Jhore ] I he felt or lkin of a
Ihcep (horn.
Shorn. The participle pafiive of Jhear.
So rofe the Danite flrong,
Shorn of his flrength. # Milton
Vile fhrubs are Jhorn for browze: the tow’ring height
Of unCtuous trees are torches for the night. Dryd,n.
He plunging downward (hot his radiant head j
Difpell’d the breathing air that broke his flight;
Shorn of his beams, a man to mortal fight. Dryden•
SHORT, adj. [yceojrc, Saxon.]
1. Not long ; commonly not long enough.
Weak though I am of limb, and Jhort of fight.
Far from a lynx, and net a giant quite,
I’ll do what Mead and Chefclden advife,
To keep thefe limbs, and to preferve thefe eyes. Pope.
2. Not long in fpace or extent.
This left voluble earth.
By foorter flight to the eaft, had left him there. Milton.
ThoughJhort my flature, yet my name extends
To heaven itfelf, and earth’s remotefl ends. Pope.
3. Not long in time or duration.
They change the night into day : the light isJhort, becaufe
of darknefs. Job xvii. 12.
Nor love thy life, nor hate, but what thou liv’fl,
Live well, how long or fort permit to heav’n Milton.
Short were her marriage joys : for in the prime
Of youth her lord exp r’d before his time. Dryden.
4. Repeated by quick iterations.
Her breath thenfort, feem'd loth from home to pafs,
Which more it mov’d, the more it fweeter was. Sidney.
Thy breath comesfort, thy darted eyes are fixt
On me for aid, as if thou wert purfu’d. Dryden*
My breath grewfort, my beating heart fprung upward.
And leap’d and bounded in my heaving bofom. Smith.
5. Not attaining an end ; not reaching the purpofed point; not
adequate ; not equal.
Immoderate praifes, the foolifh lover thinks fort of his
miflrefs, though they reach far beyond the heavens. Sidney.
Some cottons here grow, bntfjort'm worth unto thofe of
Smyrna. Sandys.
The Turks give you a quantity rather exceeding than fhort
of your expectation. Sand^s*
Since higher I fallfort, on him who next
Provokes my envy. Milton.
I know them not; not therefore am Ifort
Of knowing what I ought. Milton s Paradife Reg.
To attain
The height and depth of thy eternal ways,
All human thoughts come fort, fupreme of things. Milton.
O glorious trial of exceeding love,
Engaging me to emulate ! butfort
Of thy perfection, how {hall I attain* M.lion.
To place her in, Olympus’ top a guefl.
Among th’ immortals, who with ne&ar feafl;
That poor would feem, that entertainmentjhort
Of the true fplendor of her prefent court. Waller.
We err, and comefort of feience, becaufe we are fo fre¬
quently milled by the evil conduCl of our imaginations. G;ar»
That great wit has fallenJhort in his account. More.
As in many things the knowledge of philofophers was fort
of the truth, fo almoft in all things their pra&ice fell fort of
their knowledge : the principles by which they walked were as
much below thofe by which they judged, as their feet were be¬
low their head. South's Sermons.
He wills not death fhould terminate their flrife ;
And wounds, if wounds enlue, be fort of life. Dryden.
Virgil exceeds Theocritus in regularity and brevity, and
fallsfort of him in nothing but fimplicity and propriety of
flyle. , Pope
Where reafon came fort, revelation difeovered on which
fide the truth lay. Locke.
Defect in our behaviour, comingyftor/ of the utmofl gracefulnefs, often efcapes our obfervation. Locke,
If fpeculative maxims have not an a&ual univerfal afient
from all mankind, practical principles come fort of an uni¬
verfal reception.
Men exprefs their univerfal ideas by figns; a faculty which
beads come fort in. Locke.
I he people fall fort of thofe who border upon them, in
flrength of undemanding. Addifon.
A neutral indifference falls fort of that obligation they lie
under, who have taken fuch oaths. Addifon.
When I nude thefe, an artift undertook to imitate it; but
ufing another way of poliftiing them, he fell much fiort of
what I had attained to, as I afterwards underllood. Newton.
It
SHO
ti is not credible that the Phoenicians, who had edablifhcd
' Oomes in the Periian gulph, dopt Jhort, without pufliine;
their trade to the Indies. Arbuthnot.
tvoing is exprefly commanded, and no happinefs allowed to
Un>L[jJhon ’t. South's Sermons.
I he ligmfication of words will be allowed to fall much (hort
of the knowledge of things. Baker.
6. Not far diftant in time. --I
He commanded thofe, who were appointed to attend him,
to be ready by aJhort day. * ’ ' * Clarendon.
7. Defective; imperfedb
i>. Scanty; wanting. !
The Englilh were inferior in number, and grew Jhort in
• their provifions. Hayward.
I hey Jhort of fuccours, and in deep defpair,
Shook at the difmal profpedt of the war. Dryden.
<j. Not fetching a compafs.
So foon as ever they were gotten out of the hearing of the
cock, the lion turned Jlmt upon him, and tore him to
pieces. * L'Ejlrange.
He »eiz d the helm, his fellows cheer’d.
Turn’d Jhort upon the fitelves, and madly fleer’d. Drydcn.
^ ror turninhe llruck with all his mio-ht
Full on the helmet of th’ unwary knight. ° Drydcn.
10. Not going fo far as was intended.
As one condemn’d to leap a precipice.
Who fees before his eyes the depth below.
Stopsfort. T) r
11. Defedlive as to quantity. D en*
When the fleece is fhorn.
When their defencelefs limbs the brambles tear,
hhort of their wool, and naked from the fheer. Dryden.
n. Narrow; contracted.
Men of wit and parts, but of Jhort thoughts and little meditatmn, are apt to chftruft every thing for a fancy. Burnet.
I hey, fince their own Jhort underdandings reach
No farther than the prefent, think ev’n the wife
Like them difclofe the fecrets of their breads. Rowe.
13. Brittle; friable.
His flefh is not firm, butJhort and taflelefs. Walton.
Marl from Derbyfhire was very fat, though it had fo great
a quantity of (and, that it was fo Jhort, that, if you wet it,
you could not work it into a ball, or make it hold together.
,T , Mortimer's Husbandry.
14. Not bending. J
The lance broke Jhort, the bead then bellow’d loud.
And his flrong neck to a new onfet bow’d. Drydcn.
Short, n.f. [from the adjective.] A fummaryaccount.
TheJhort and long is our play is prefer’d. Shakefp.
, . ,.ft>orC ma^es a nran of him at fixteen, and a boy all
Ills life after. L’EjlrLg,.
f he meet with no reply, you may conclude that I trud to
the goodnefs of my caufe : theJhort on’t is, ’tis indifferent to
• your humble fervant whatever your party fays. Dryden.
From Medway’s pleafing dream
To Severn’s roar be thine:
lnfiort, reftore my love, and fhare my kingdom. Drydcn.
1 he proprieties and delicacies of theEnglifh are known to
few: ’tis impoffible even for a good wit to underdand and
piaciife them, without the help of a liberal education and ]on<*
reading; \nJhort, without wearing off the rud which he con¬
tracted while he was laying in a dock of learning. Dryden.
I heJhort is, to fpeak all in a word, the poffibility of being
found in a falvable date cannot be fufficiently fccured, with¬
out a poffibility of always perfevering in it. Norris.
lo fee whole bodies of men breaking a conditution; in
Jhort, to be encompafled with the greated dangers from with¬
out, to be torn by many virulent factions within, then to be
g:ure an<^ IHifelefs, are the mod likely fymptoms, in a date,
of ficknefs unto death. Sivift.
Short, adv. [It is, I think, only ufed in compofltion.l Not
long. J
Beauty and youth,
And fprightly hope and Jhort-endunng joy. Drydcn.
One drange draught preferibed by Hippocrates, for a Jhortbreathed man, is half a gallon of hydromel, with a little
k Arbuthmt.
10 bHoRTEk. v. a. [from f?ort.~\
make fhort, either in time or fpace.
Becaufe they fee it is not generally fit, or poffible, that
entireties fhould frame thankfgivings anfwcrable to each
petition, they Jhorten fomewhat the reins of their ccnfure.
r ,, Hooker.
Mm> hCWOUld
For taking fo the head /if'l ‘’hi , r,
ToA"» its „Hys ,0 k„„w,edgtand l^rSch pef«p,t
ntore comprelienjive, « ,hfra imo bundks.
With Jhorten d (word to dab in defer war
But in fair combat. ’ n .
JJryden.
S H O
War, and luxury’s more direful rage,
F hJ erimes have brought, to Jljorten mortal breath,
With all the num’rous family of death. Drydcn.
WhateverJhortens the fibres, by infmuating themfelves into
their parts, as water in a rope, contracts. Arbuihnot.
2. Io contract; to abbreviate.
VVe Jhorten'd days to moments by love’s art,
Whild our two fouls
Perceiv d no paffing time, as if a part
Our love had been of dill eternity! Suckling*
3> T ° confine ; to hinder from progreffion.
Fo be known, Jhortens my laid intent;
My boon 1 make it, that you know me not. Shakefpeare.
Here where the fubjed is fo fruitful, I am fattened by my
chain, and can only fee what is forbidden me to reach. Dryd.
4. To cut off; to defeat.
The Irifli dwell altogether by their fepts, fo as they may
confpire what they will; whereas if there were Englifh placed
among them, they fhould not be able to dir but that it diould
be known, and theyJhortcned according to their demerits. Spenj'.
5. To lop.
Difhoned with lopt arms the youth appears,
Spoil’d of his nofe, and Jhorten d of his ears. Dryden.
Sho'rthani). n.f. [Jhort and hand.] A method of writing
in compendious characters.
Your follies and debauches change
With fuch a whirl, the poets of your age
Are tir’d, and cannot fcore them on the dage,
Unlefs each vice in Jhortband they indite,
Ev’n as notcht ’prentices whole fermons write. Dryden.
Boys have but little ufe of Jhortband, and fhould by no
means pradife it, ’till they can write perfedly well. Locke.
In Jhorthand (kill’d, whore little marks comprife
Whole words, a fentence in a letter lies. Creech.
As the language of the face is univerfal, fo ’tis very comprehenlive: no laconifm can reach it: ’tis the Jho>thand of the
mind, and crowds a great deal in a little room. Collier.
Sho'rtlived. adj. [fort and live.] Not living or lading
Ions;.
Unhappy parent of a Jhortliv'd fon !
Why loads he this embitter’d life with fhame? Drydcn.
I he joyful fortlivd news foon fpread around,
Took the fame train. Dryden.
Some vices promife a great deal of pleafure in the commiffion ; but then, at bed, it is butJhortlived and tranfient, a
fudden flafh prefently extinguifhed. Calamy s Sermons.
The frequent alterations in publick proceedings, the variety
of Jhortlived favourites that prevailed in their feveral turns un¬
der the government of her fucceflors, have broken us into
thefe unhappy diliinCtions. Addifn's Freeholder,
A piercing torment that Jhortlived pleafure of your’s mud
bring upon me, from whom you never received any offence.
Addijons Spectator.
All thofe graces
1 he common fate of mortal charms may find ;
Content ourfortliv d praifes to engage.
I he joy and wonder of a fmgle age. Addifon.
Admiration is aJhortlived paffion, that immediately decays
upon growing familiar with its objed, unlefs it be ftill fed
with frefh difeoveries. Addifon.
In youth alone its empty praife we boad;
But foon the Jhortliv'd vanity is lod. Pope.
Then palaces fhall rife; the joyful fon
Shall finifh what hisJhortliv'd fire begun. Pope..
Sho'rtly. adv. [from JhortJ
1. Quickly; foon; in a little time.
I mud leave thee, love, andJhortly too. Shakefp.
I hou art no friend to God, or to the king :
Open the gates, or I’ll (but thee outJhortly. Shak. H. VI.
The armies cameJhortly in view of each other. Clarendon.
The time will Jhortly come, wherein you fhall more rejoice
for that little you have expended for the benefit of others, than
in that which by fo long toil you fhall have faved. Calamy.
He celebrates the anniverfary of his father’s funeral, and
Jhortly after arrives at Cumae. Dryden.
Ev n he, whofe foul now melts in mournful lays.
Shall Jhortly want the gen’rous tear he pays. Pape.
2. In a few words ; briefly.
I could exprefs them more Jhortly this way than in profe, and
much of the force, as well as grace of arguments, depends on
their concifenefs. Pope.
Shortness, n.f [from to.]
1. 1 he quality of being fhort, either in time cr fpace:
I’ll make a journey twice as far, t’ enjoy
A fecond night of fuch fweetJhortnefs, wdiich
W as mine in Britain. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
They move ftronged in a right line, which is caufed by
the fl.ortncfs of the didance. Bacon's Natural Hflory.
I will not trouble my readers with the forturfs of the time
in which I writ it. Dryden.
I
May
S H O
May they notjuftly to our climfcs upbraid
Sbortnefs of night, and penury of fhade ? Prior.
a. Fewnefs of words; brevity; concifenefs.
The neceffity of Jhortnefs caufeth men to cut off imperti¬
nent difeourfes, ahd to comprife much matter in few words.
Hooker, b. v.
Sir, pardon me in what I have to fay.
Your plainnefs and yourJhortnefs pleafe me well. Shakefp.
Want of retention.
Whatfoever is above thefe proceedeth of Jhortnefs of me¬
mory, or of want of a flayed attention. Bacon.
4. Deficience; imperfe&ion.
Another account of the Jhortnefs of our reafon, and eafinefs of deception, is the forwardnefs of our underftanding’s
aifent to /lightly examined conclufions* Glanv. Scepf
From the inftances I had given of human ignorance, to our
Jhortnefs in moft things elfe, ’tis an eafy inference. Glanv.
It may be eafily conceived, by any that can allow for the
lamenefs and Jhortnefs of tranflations, out of languages and
manners of writing differing from ours. Temple.
Sho'rtribs. n.f [Jhort and ribs.] The baftard ribs ; the ribs
below the fternum.
A gentleman Was wounded in a duel: the rapier entered
into his right fide, flanting by his Jhortribs under the mufcles. Wifeman s Surgery.
Sho'rtsighted. adj. [Jhort and fight.']
1. Unable by the convexity of the eye to fee far.
Shortjighted men fee remote objects beft in Old age, and
therefore they are accounted to have the moft lafting eyes.
Newton's Opt.
2. Unable by Lntelle&ual fight to fee far.
The foolifh and Jhortfighted die with fear
That they go no where, or they know not where. Denham.
Other propofitions were defigned for fnares to the Jhort¬
fighted and credulous. L’Eftrange.
Shortsightedness, n.f. [Jhort and fight.]
1. Defedt of -fight, proceeding from the convexity of the eye.
2. Defedt of intellectual fight.
Cunning is a kind of Jhortfightednefs, that difeovers the
minuteft objects which are near at hand, but is not able to
difeern things at a diftance. Addifon’s Spectator.
Sho'rtwaisted. adj. [Jhort and waift.] Having a fhort
body.
Duck-legg’d, Jhortwaifted; fuch a dwarf file is.
That file mult rife on tip-toes for a kifs. Dryden’s Juv;
Sho'rtwinded. adj. [Jhort and wind.] Shortbreathed; afthmatick; breathing by quick and faint reciprocations.
Sure he means brevity in breath; Jhortwinded. Shak, H. IV.
So fhaken as we are, fo wan with care.
Find we a time for frighted peace to pant.
And breatheJhortwinded accents of new broils.
To be commenc’d in ftrands afar. Shakef H. IV.
With this theMede Jhortwinded old men eafes,
And cures the lungs unfavory difeafes. Mays Virgil.
Sho'rtwinged. adj. [Jhort and wing.] Having fhort wings.
Hawks are divided into long and Ihort winged.
Shortwing’d^ unfit himfelf to fly,
His fear foretold foul weather. Dryden.
Sho'ry. adj. [fromJhore.] Lying near the coaft.
There is commonly a declivity from the ftiore to the middle
part of the channel, and thofe Jhory parts are generally but
fome fathoms deep. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
Shot. The preterite and participle paflive of JhooU
On the other fide a pleafant grove
Wasyftor up high, full of the ftately tree
That dedicated is to Olympick Jove. Fairy Queen.
Their tongue is as an arrow Jhot out, it fpeaketh deceit.
Jer. ix. 8.
The fortifier of Pendennis made his advantage of the commodioufnefs afforded by the ground, and Jhot rather at a fafe
preferving the harbour from fudden attempts of little fleets,
than to withftand any great navy. Carew.
He only thought to crop the flow’r.
New Jhot up from a vernal fhow’r. Milton.
From before her vanifh’d night,
Shot through with orient beams. Milton’s Paradife Loft.
Sometimes theyjhot out in length like rivers, and fometimes
they flew into remote countries in colonies. Burnet.
The fame metal is naturallyjhot into quite different figures,
as quite different kinds of them are of the fame figure. IVoodw.
Prone on ocean in a moment flung,
Stretch’d wide his eager arms, andfoot the feas along. Pope.
Shot. n.f. [febot, Dutch; fromJhoot.]
j. The a<ft of Ihooting.
A jhot unheard gave me a wound unfeen. Sidney.
Proud death!
What feaft is tow’rd in thy infernal cell,
That thou fo many princes at a Jhot
So bloodily haft ftruck ? Shakef. Hamlet.
2* The miflive weapon emitted by any inftrument.
I ftiall here abide the hourlyJhot
Of angry eyes. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
SHO
At this booty they were joyful, for that they were fupplied
thereby with good ftore of powder andJhoot. Hayward.
Above one thoufand great Jhot were fpent upon the walls,
without any damage to the garrifon. Clarendon.
He caufed twentyJhot of his greateft cannon to be made at
the king’s army. Clarendon.
Impatient to revenge the fatal Jhot,
His right hand doubly to his left fucceeds. Drydcn.
3. The flight of a fhot.
She fat over againft him, a good way off, as it were a bow
Jhot. Gen. xxi. 16.
4. [Efcot, French.] A fum charged ; a reckoning.
A man is never welcome to a place, 'till fome certain Jhot be
paid, and the hoftefs fay welcome. Shakefpeare.
As the fund of our pleafure, let each pay hisJhot\
Far hence be the fad, the lewd fop, and the fot. Ben. Johnf
Shepherd, leave decoying,
£ipes are fweet a Summer’s day;
But a little after toying,
Women have the yftcr to pay. Dryden.
He touch’d the pence when others touch’d the pot;
The hand that fign’d the mortgage paid theJhot. Sivift.
Shote. n.f. Q-ceota, Saxon.] A fifh.
Thtjhote, peculiar to Devonfhire and Cornwal, in fhape
ahd colour refembleth the trout; howbeit, in bignefs and goodnefs cometh far behind him. Carewc
Shotfree. adj. [Jhot andfree.] Clear of the reckoning.
Though I could ’fcape Jhotfree at London, I fear the fhot
here: here’s no fcoring but upon the pate. Sbakefp. H. IV.
Sho'tten. adj. [fromJhoot.] Having ejected the fpawn.
Go thy ways, old Jack ; die when thou wilt, if good man¬
hood be not forgot upon the earth, then am I a Jhotten her¬
ring- Shak. Henry IV.
Afk for what price thy venal tongue was fold !
Tough wither’d treuffles, ropy wine, a difh
Of Jhotten herrings, or ftale (linking fifh. Drydenc .
To Shove, v. a. [peupan, Saxon ; fchuyven^ Dutch.]
1. To pufh by main ftrength.
The hand could pluck her back, thatJhov’d her on. Shak.
In the corrupted currents of this world.
Offence’s gilded hand mayJhove by juftice ;
And oft the wicked prize itfelf
Buys out the law. Shakefpeare.
I fent your grace
The parcels and particulars of our grief.
The which hath been with fcorn Jhov’d from the court. Shak.
Of other care they little reck’ning make.
Than how to fcramble at the (hearers feaft,.
And Jhove away the worthy bidden gueft. Miltoh.
There the Britifh Neptune flood.
Beneath them to fubmit th’ officious flood.
And with his indentJhov’d them off the fand. Drydcn.
Shoving back this earth on which I fit,
I’ll mount. Dryd. Tyrannick Love.
A ftrong man was going toJhove down St. Paul’s cupola.Arb.
2. To drive a boat by a pole that reaches to the bottom of the
water.
3. To pufh ; to rufh againft.
He ufed to Jhove and elbow his fellow-fervants to get near
his miftrefs, when money was a-paying or receiving. Arbuthn.
Behold a rev’rend fire
Crawl through the ftreets, fliov'd on or rudely prefs’d
By his own fons. Pope.
You’ve play’d and lov’d, and eat and drank your fill;
"W alk fober off, before a fprightlier age
Come titt’ring on, and Jhove you from the ftage. Pope.
Make nature ftill incroach upon his plan,
AudiJhove him off as far as e’er we can. Pope.
Eager to exprefs your love.
You ne’er confider whom you foove^
But rudely prefs before a duke. Swift.
To Shove, v. n.
1. To pufh forward before one.
The feamen towed, and IJhoved ’till we arrived within
forty yards of the fhore. Gulliver’s Travels.
2. To move in a boat, not by oars but a pole.
He grafp’d the oar,
Receiv’d his guefts aboard, and Jhov’d from fhoret Garth.
Shove, n. f [from the verb.] The aft of Ihovins; a
pufh.
I was forced to fwim behind, and pufh the boat forward
with one of my hands; and the tide favouring me, I could
feel the ground : I refted two minutes, and then gave the boat
anotherJhove. Gulliver’s Travels
SHO VEL. n.f. [pcopl, Saxon; fchoeffej Dutch.] An inftru¬
ment conftfting of a long handle and broad blade with raifed
edges.
A handbarrow, wheelbarrow, Jbovel and fpade. TuJJir.
. Th,e °f ,the Ottoman, that he would throw Malta
into the fea, might be performed at an feafier rate than by the
Jhovels of his Janizaries. Glanv. Scepf.
23 Z To
I
S H O
To Shc/veL. V. a. [From the noun.]
1. To throw or heap with a {hovel.
I thought
To die upon the bed my father dy’d,
To lie clofe by his honed: bones; but now
Some hangman mud put on my fhrowd, and lay me
Where no prieft/novels in duft. Stake/. Winter s Ta.e,
2. To gather in great quantities.
Ducks jhovel them up as they fwim along the waters; but
divers infers alfo devour them. Dei jam.
Wvelboard. n.f [Jhovel and board.] A long board on
which they play by Hiding metal pieces at a mark.
So have I feen, in hall of lord,
A weak arm throw on a long fhovelboard ;
He barely lays his piece. t Dryden.
Sho'veller, or Shovelard. n.f. [fromJhovel.] A bird.
Shoveller, or fpoonbill: the former name the more proper,
the end of the bill being broad like a (hovel, but not concave
like a fpoon, but perfe&ly flat. Grew s Mufceum.
Pewets, gulls, and fovellers feed upon flefh, and yet are
good meat. Bacon.
This formation of the wizzon is not peculiar to the fwan,
but common unto the platca, or fovelard, a bird of no mufical throat. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Shough. n f. [forJhock.] Afpcciesof fhaggy dog; a (hock.
In the catalogue ye be for men,
As hound and greyhounds, mungrels, fpaniels, curs,
Shoughs, water-rugs, and demi-wolves are ’cleped
All by the name of dogs. Shak. Macbeth.
Should, v n. [fcude, Dutch; pceolban, Saxon.]
1. This is a kind of auxiliary verb ufed in the conjunctive
mood, of which the fignification is not eafily fixed.
2. / Should go. It is my bufinefs or duty to go.
3. IfI Should go. If it happens that I go.
4. Thou Should’st go. Thou oughteft to go.
5. If thou Should’st go. If it happens that thou goeft.
6. The fame fignifications are found in all the other perfons fingular and plural.
Let not a defperate adtion more engage you
Than fafetyfould. Ben. fohnfon s Catiline.
Some praifes come of good wifhes and refpedts, when by
tellin» men what they are, they reprefent to them what they
• fould be. Bacon•
To do thee honour I will fhed their blood,
Which the juft laws, if I were faultlefs, Jhould. JValler.
So fubjects love juft kings, or fo theyJhould. Dryden.
I conclude, that things are not as theyfouldbe. Swift.
y. Should be. A proverbial phrafeof flight contempt or irony.
The girls look upon their father as a clown, and the boys
think their mother no better than {he Jhould be. _ Addifon.
8. There is another fignification now little in ufe, in which
fould has fcarcely any diftinft or explicable meaning. ItJhould
be differs in this fenfe very little from it is.
There is a fabulous narration, that in the northern coun¬
tries thereJhould be an herb that groweth in the likenefls of a
lamb, and feedeth upon the grafs. Bacon s Nat. Hifory.
SHO'ULDER. n.f. [peubpe, Saxon ; fcholder, Dutch.]
1. The joint which conne&s the arm to the body.
I have feen better faces in my time,
7'han ftand on anyJhoulder that I fee
Before me. Shakefpeare.
If I have lifted up my hand againft the fatherlefs, when I faw
my help in the gate, then let mine arm fall from very Jhoulderblade, and mine arm be broken from the bone. Job xxxi. 22.
It is a fine thing to be carried on mens fouldersbut give
God thanks that thou art not forced to carry a rich fool upon
thyfoulders, as ihofe poor men do. # , Taylor.
The head of the Jhoulder-bone being round, is inferted into
fo (hallow a cavity in the fcapula, that, were there no other
guards for it, it would be thruft out upon every occafion. Wife.
2. The upper joint of the foreleg.
We muft have a foulder of mutton for a property. Shakefp.
He took occafion, from aJhoulder of mutton, to cry up the
plenty of England. Addifon s Freeholder.
3. The upper part of the back.
Emily drefs’d herfelf in rich array ;
Frefh as the month, and as the morning fair,
Adown herJhoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.
4« The fhoulders are ufed as emblems of ftrength, or the aCl of
fupporting.
Ev’n as thou wilt, fweet Warwick, let it be;
I or on thy Jhoulders do-I build my feat. Shakefp. H. VI.
I lie king has cur’d me; and from thefz foulders,
Thcfe ruin’d pillars, out of pity taken
A load would fink a navy. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
5- A rifling part; a prominence.
When you rivet a pin into a hole, your pin muft have a
'Jhoulder to it thicker than the hole is wide, that the Jhoulder
flip not through the hole as well as the (hank. JVloxon.
To Sho'ulder. v. a. [from the noun.]
j. To puflh with inflolence and violence.
The rolling billows beat the ragged (hore.
As they the earth would Jhoulder from her feat. Fairy tfucen.
S H O
Dudman, a well-known foreland to mod failors, here
Jhoulders out the ocean, to (hape the flame a large bofom be¬
tween itfelf. Carcws Survey ofCornwal.
You dehafle yourflelf,
To think of mixing with th’ ignoble herd :
What, (hall the people know their god-like prince
Headed a rabble, and profan’d his perlon,
Shoulder'd with filth ? Dryden.
So vaft the navy now at anchor rides.
That underneath it the prefs’d waters fail,
And, with its weight, itfoulders oft the tides. Dryden.
Around her numberlefs the rabble flow d,
Should’ring each other, crowding for a view. Rowes/. Shore.
When Hopkins dies, a thoufand lights attend
The wretch, who living fav’d a candle’s end ;
Should'ring God’s altar a vile image (lands.
Belies his features, nay extends his hands. Tope.
2. To put upon the {houlder.
Archimedes’s lifting up Marcellus’s (hips finds little more
credit than that of the giantsJhouldering mountains. Glanv.
Sho'ulderbelt. n.f. [Jhoulder and belt.] A belt that comes
acrofs the (houlder.
Thou haft an ulcer, which no leech can heal.
Though thy broad Jhoulderbclt the wound conceal. Dryden.
Sho'ulderclapper. n.f [Jhoulder and clap.] One who af¬
fects familiarity, or one that mifehiefs privily.
A fiend, a fury, pitilefs and rough ;
A back friend, a Jhcidderclapper, one that commands
The paffages of alleys. Shak. Comedy rfErriuis.
Sho'uldershotten. adj. [fjoulder and Jhot.] Strained in
the (houlder.
His horfe waid in the back, and fonlderfotten. Shakefp.
Sho'ulderslip. n.f. [Jhoulder and flip.] Diflocation of the
(houlder. "
The horfe will take fo much care of himfelf as to come oft
with only a (train or a Jhoulderfip. Swift.
To SHOUT, v. n. [A word of which no etymology is known.]
To cry in triumph or exhortatibn.
They foouted thrice : what was the laft cry for ? Shakefp.
Shout unto God with the voice of triumph. Pf xlvii. 1.
It: is not the voice of them thatJhout for maftery. Ex. xxxm
The Jhouting for thy flummer fruits and harveft is fallen. If.
He ftorms and Jloouts; but flying bullets now
To execute his rage appear too flow :
They mifs, or fweep but common fouls away ;
For fuch a lofls Opdam his life muft pay. Waller.
There had been nothing but howlings and Jhoutings of poor
naked men, belabouring one another with fnagged Hicks. More.
All clad in (kins of beads the jav’Jin bear.
And (hrieks and Jhoutings rend the fluff’ring air. Dryden.
What hinders you to take the man you love ?
The people will be glad, the foldierJhout;
And Bertran, though repining, will be aw’d. Dryden.
Shout. n.J. [from the verb.] A loud and vehement cry of
triumph or exhortation.
Thanks, gentle citizens:
This general applaufe, and chearful (bout,
Arpues your wifdom and your love to Richard. Shakefpeare.
The Rhodians, fleeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a
greatJhout in derifion. Knolles's Hifory of the Turks.
Then he might have dy’d of all admir’d,
And his triumphant foul with fonts expir’d. Dryden.
Sho'uter. n.f [from foout.] He who (houts.
A peal of loud applaufe rang out,
And thinn’d the air, ’till even the birds fell down
Upon the fowlers heads. Dryden's Cleomenes.
To SHOW. v. a. pret. Jh.wed and fown; part. pad’, foown.
[ pceapan, Saxon; fchowen, Dutch. This-word is frequently
written Jhew, but fince it is always pronounced and often
written fow, which is favoured likewife by the DutchJchowen,
I have adjufted the orthography to the pronunciation.]
1. To exhibit to view.
If I do feign,
O let me in my prefent wildnefs die,
And never live tofew th’ incredulous word
The noble change that I have purpofled. Shake/. H. IV.
Shew me a token for good, that they which hate me may fee
Pf. Ixxxvi. 17.
Wilt thou few wonders to the dead? Shall the dead arife
and praife thee? Pf Ixxxviii. ic.
Men (hould not take a charge upon them that they are not
fit for, as if flinging, dancing, and Jhewmg ot tricks, weie
qualifications for a governor. B Ejtiange,
2. To give proof of; to prove.
This I urge to fow
Invalid that which thee to doubt it mov d. Aulton.
I’ll to the citadel repair.
And fow my duty by my timely care. dryden.
Achates’ diligence his duty fmvs. _ Dryden.
3. To publifh; to make publick; to proclaim.
Ye are a chofen generation, that ye (hould/vzy forth the
praifes of him who hath called you out of darknels. 1 Pet.il
F 4. lo
S H O S H R
4. To make known.
I raifed thee up to Jhew in thee my power. Ex. ix. 16.
I fhall no more fpeak in proverbs, hut Jhew you plainly of
the Father. Jo. xvi. 25.
Nothing wants but that thy fhape mayfoow
Thy inward fraud. Milton.
5. To point the way ; to diredh
She taking him for fome cautious city patient, that came for
privacy, Jhews him into the dining-room. Swift.
6. To offer; to afford.
To him that is afflidled, pity fhould be Jhewecl from his
friend. Job. vi. 14.
helix, willing tofew the Jews a pleafure, left Paul bound.
Ails xxiv. 27.
Thou {halt utterly deftroy them; make no covenant with
them, norJhew mercy unto them. Deutr. vii. 2.
7. To explain ; to expound.
Forafmuch as knowledge and fhewing of hard fentences,
and diffolving of doubts, were found in the fame, Daniel let
him be called. Dan. v. 12.
S.To teach; to tell.
I’m fent to fow thee what fhall come. Milton.
To Show. v. n.
x. To appear; to look; to be in appearance.
SheJhews a body rather than a life,
A ftatue than a brother. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Juft fuch fheJhows before a rifing ftorm. Dr)den.
Still on we prefs; and here renew the carnage,
So great, that, in the ftream, the moon Jhow'd purple.
Philips.
2. To have appearance.
My lord of York, it better Jhew'd with you,
When that your flock afl'embled by the bell,
Fncircled you to hear with rev’rence
Your expofition on the holy text,
Than now to fee you here an iron man.
Cheering a rout of rebels with your drum. Shak. Henry IV.
Show. n. f. [from the verb.]
I.A fpeciacle; fomething publickly expofed to view for money.
I do not know what fhe may produce me; but, provided it
be a Jhow, I fhall be very well iatisfied. Addifon.
The dwarf kept the gates of the Jhow room. Arbuthnot.
2. Superficial appearance.
Mild heav’n
Difapproves that care, though wife in Jhow,
That with fuperfluous burden loads the day. Milton.
3. Oftentatious difplay.
Nor doth his grandeur and majeftick Jhow
Of luxury, though call’d magnificence.
Allure mine eye. Milton's Par. Regain'd.
Stand before her in a golden dream;
Set all the pleafures of the world to Jhow,
And in vain joys let her loofe fpirits flow. Dryden.
The radiant fun
Sends from above ten thoufand bleffings down,
Nor is he fet fo high forJhow alone. Granville.
Never was a charge, maintained with fuch a Jhow of gravity,
which had a fiighter foundation. Atterbury.
4. Objecft attracting notice.
The city itfelf makes the nobleftJhow of any in the world :
the houfes are moft of them painted on the outfide, fo that
they look extremely gay and lively. Addifon.
5. Splendid appearance.
Jefus, rifing from his grave,
Spoil’d principalities and pow’rs, triumph’d
In open Jhow, and with afeenfion bright
Captivity led captive. Milton.
6. Semblance; likenefs.
When devils will their blackeft fins put on,
They do fuggeft at firft with heav’nly Jhows. Shak. Othello.
He through pafs’d the midft unmark’d,
In Jhow plebeian angel militant. Milton.
7. Specioufnefs ; plaufibility.
7 he places of Ezechiel have fome Jhow in them; for there
the Lord commandeth the Levites, which had committed
idolatry, to be put from their dignity, and ferve in inferior
miniftries. _ Whitgifte.
7 he kindred of the flain forgive the deed ;
But a fhort exile niuft for Jhow precede. Dryden.
8. External appearance.
Shall I fay O Zelmane ? Alas, your words be ao-ainft it.
Shall I fay prince Pyrocles ? Wretch that I am, your Jhow is
manifeft againft it. Sidney.
Fierce was the fight on the proud Belgians fide.
For honour, which they feldom fought before ;
But now they by their own vain boafts were ty’d.
And forc’d, at leaft infew, to prize it more. Dryden.
9- Exhibition to view.
I have a letter from her;
1 he mirth whereof’s fo larded with my matter,
7 hat neither fingly can be manifelted,
Without thz Jhew oi both. Shakefpeart*
7
10. Pomp; magnificent fpe&acle.
As for triumphs, mafks, feafts, and fuch Jljews, men need
not be put in mind of them. Bacon.
11. Phantoms; not realities.
What you faw was all a fairyJhow;
And all thofe airy fhapes you now behold.
Were human bodies once. Dryden.
12. Reprefentative adlion.
Florio was fo overwhelmed with happinefs, that he could
not make a replyr, but exprefled in dumb Jhow thofe fentiments
of gratitude that were too big for utterance. Addifon.
Sho'wbread, or Sbewbread. n.f. [Jhow and bread.] Amongthe
Jews, they thus called loaves of bread that the prieft of the week
put every Sabbath-day upon the golden table, which was in the
fanClum before the Lord. They were covered with leaves of
gold, and were twelve in number, reprefenting the twelve
tribes of Ifrael. They ferved them up hot, and at the fame
time took away the ftale ones, and which could not be eaten
but by the prieft alone. This offering was accompanied with
frankincenfe and fait. Calmet.
Set upon the table Jhowbread before me. Ex. xxv. 30.
SHO'WER. n.f. [fcheure, Dutch.]
1. Rain either moderate or violent.
If the boy have not a woman’s gift,
To rain a fhower of commanded tears,
An onion will do well for fuch a fhift. Shakefpeari:
The ancient cinnamon was, while it grew; the dryeft ; and
in Jhowers it profpered worft. Bacon.
2. Storm of any thing falling thick.
I’ll fet thee in a Jhower of gold, and hail
Rich pearls upon them. Shake/. Ant. and Cleopatra.
With Jhow'rs of ftones he drives them far away;
The featuring dogs around at diftance bay. Pope.
3. Any very liberal diftribution.
He and myfelf
Have travell’d in the greatJhower of your gifts.
And fweetly felt it. Shakefp. Timon.
To Shower, v. a. [from the noun.]
x. To wet or drown with rain.
Serve they as a flow’ry verge, to bind
The fluid fkirts of that fame wat’ry cloud.
Left it again diffolve, and Jhow'r the earth ? Milton.
The fun more glad imprefs’d his beams.
Than in fair evening cloud, or humid bow.
When God hath fow'r'd the earth. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Caefar’s favour.
ThatJhow'rs down greatnefs on his friends, will raife me
To Rome’s firft honours. Addifon's Cato;
2. To pour down:
Thefe, lull’d by nightingales, embracing flept;
And on their naked limbs the flow’ry roof
Shower'd rofes, which the morn repair’d. Milton's Par. Lojl.
3. T o diftribute or fcatter with great liberality.
After this fair difeharge, all civil honours having Jhowered
on him before, there now fell out great occafion to adtion.
IVrtton's Life of the Duke of Buckingham.
To Sho'wer. v. n. To be rainy.
Sho'wery. adj. [from Jhower.] Rainy.
A hilly field, where the ftubble is ftanding, fet on fire ill
the Jhowery feafon, will put forth mufhrooms. Bacon.
Murranus came from Anxur’sJhow'ry height;
With ragged rocks and ftony quarries white,
Seated on hills. Addifon on Italy.
The combat thickens, like the ftorm that flies
From weftward, when the Jhow'ry winds arife. Addifon'.
Sho'wish, or Showy, adj. [from Jhow.]
1. Splendid; gaudy.
The efcutcheons of the company are ftivif, and will look
magnificent. Swift.
2. Oftentatious.
Men of warm imaginations negleCI folid and fubftantial
happinefs for what is Jhowy and fuperficial. Addifon.
Shown, pret. and part. paff. of To Jhow. Exhibited.
Mercy fnown on man by him feduc’d. Milton.
Shrank. The preterite of Jhruni.
1 he children of Ifrael eat not of the fxnew which frank
upon the hollow of the thigh. Gen. Xxxii. 32
To Shred, v. a. pret. fred. [pepeaban, Saxon.] To cut into
final! pieces. Commonly ufed of cloath or herbs.
It hath a number of fhort cuts or Jhreddings, which may be
better called wifhes than prayers. Hooker.
One gathered wild gourds, and Jhred them. 2 Kings iv. 39.
Where did you whet your knife to-night, he cries
And fred the leeks that in your ftomach'rife ? Dryd] Juv:
Shrf.d. n.f. [from the verb.] J
1. A fmall piece cut off.
Gold, grown fomewhat churlifh by recovering, is made
more phant by throwing in Jhreds of tanned leather. Bacon.
TirurTl?htJ 1 ymn ftueenJ that gain’d
With fubtle Jhreds a trad of land,
Did leave it with a caftle fair
To his great anceftor; Hudibrai:
Hfif
SFIR
Mis panegyrick is made up of half a dozen freds$ like a
fchoolboy’s theme, beaten general topicks. Swift.
A beggar might patch up a garment with fuch Jhreds as the
world throws away. * °Pe'
2.A fragment.
They faid they were an hungry; figh d forth proverbs,
That hunger broke ftone walls ; that dogs muft eat.
And with thefe Jhreds they vented their complainings. Shah.
Shreds of wit and fenfelefs rhimes
Blunder’d out a thoufand times. Swift,
SHREW. n.f. [fchnytn, German, to clamour.] A peevilh,
malignant, clamorous, fpiteful, vexatious, turbulent woman.
[It appears in Robert of Gloucejier, that this word fignihed an¬
ciently any one perverfe or obftinate of either fex.]
There dede of hem vor hunger a thoufand and mo.
And yat nolde theferewen to none pes go. Robert ofGloucejier.
Be merry, my wife has all;
For women are /brews both fhort and tall. Shah. H. IV.
By this reckoning he is moreJbrew than fhe. Shakefpeare.
A man had got a frew to his wife, and there could be no
quiet in the houfe for her. VEJlrange.
Her fallow cheeks her envious mind did (hew,
And ev’ry feature fpoke aloud the Jbrew. Dryden.
Every one of them, who is a Jbrew in domeftick life, is
now become a fcold in politicks. Addf. Freeholder.
Shrewd, adj. [Contracted from Jhrewed.']
1. Having the qualities of a fhrew; malicious ; troublefome;
mifehievous.
Her eldeft filler is fo curft andJlorewd,
That ’till the father rids his hands of her.
Your love muft live a maid. Shakefpeare.
2. fylalicioufly fly; cunning; more artful than good.
It was a Jhrewd faying of the old monk, that two kind of
prifons would ferve for all offenders, an inquifition and a bed¬
lam : if any man fhould deny the being of a God, and the im¬
mortality of the foul, fuch a one fhould be put into the firft, as
being a defperate heretick; but if 3ny man fhould profefs to
believe thefe things, and yet allow himfelt in any known
wickednefs, fuch a one fhould be put into bedlam. Tillotfon.
A fpiteful faying gratifies fo many little paffions, that it
meets with a good reception ; and the man who utters it is
looked upon as a Jhreivd fatirift. Addifon.
Corruption proceeds from employing thofe who have
the character of frewd worldly men, inftead of fuch as have
had a liberal education, and trained up in virtue. Addifon,
3. Bad; ill-betokening.
Scarce any man paffes to a liking of fin in others, but by
firft pra&ifing it himfelf; and consequently we may take it
for a Jhrewd indication, and fign, whereby to judge of thofe
who have finned with too much caution, to fuffer the world
to charge fins diredily upon their converfation. South’s Sertn.
4. Painful; pinching; dangerous ; mifehievous.
Every of this number.
That have endur’d Jhrewd nights and days with us,
Shall fhare the good of our returned fortune. Shakefpeare.
When a man thinks he has a fervant, he finds a traitor that
cats his bread, and is readier to do him a mifehief, and a
Jhrewd turn, than an open adverfary. South’s Sermons.
No enemy is fo defpicable but he may do a body a Jhrewd
turn. L’EJlrange.
Shre'wdlv. adv. [from Jhrewd.]
j. Mifchievoufly ; deftru&ively.
This pra&ice hath moft frewdly paft upon thee. Shakefp.
At Oxford, his youth and want of experience in maritime
fervice, had fomewhat been Jhrewdly touched, even before the
fluices of popular liberty were fet open. JVotton.
2. Vexatioufly. It is ufed commonly of flight mifehief, or in
ironical expreflion.
The obftinate and fchifmatical are like to think themfelves Jhrewdly hurt, forfooth, by being cut off from that body
which they choofe not to be of. South's Sermons.
This laft allufion rubb’d upon the fore;
Yet feem’d fhe not to winch, tho’ Jhrewdly pain’d. Dryden.
3. With ftrong fufpicion.
Four per cent, encreafes not the number of lenders; as
any man at firft hearing willJhrewdly fufpedt it. Locke.
Shre'wdness. n.f [from Jhrewd.']
1. Sly cunning ; archnefs.
Her garboiles, which not wanted Jhrewdnefs of policy too,
did you too much difquiet. Shakefpeare.
The neighbours round admire hisfrewdnefsy
For fongs of loyalty and lewdnefs. Swift.
2. Mifchievoufnefs; petulance.
Shrewish, adj. [from frew.] Having the qualities of a Anew;
froward; petulantly clamorous.
Angelo, you muft excufeus;
My wife is JhrewiJh when I keep not hours. Shakefpeare.
Shrewishly. adv. [from JhrewiJh.] Petulantly; peevifhly;
clamoroufly; frowardly.
He fpeaks very frewifly -} one would think his mother’s
milk were fcarce out of him. Shakefpeare.
S H R
Shr&'wishness. n.f. [fromfrewif ] 7 he qualities or afcrevv;
frowardnefs; petulance; clamoroufnefs.
I have no gift in frewifnefs^
I am a right maid for my cowardice;
Let her not ftrike me. Shakefpeare.
Shre'wmouse. n. f. [yepeapa, Saxon.] A moufe of which
the bite is generally fuppofed venomous, and to which vulgar
tradition affigns fuch malignity, that fhe is faid to lame the
foot over which fhe runs. 1 am informed that all thefe re¬
ports are calumnious, and that her feet and teeth are equally
harmlefs with thofe of any other little moufe. Our anceftors
however looked on her with fuch terrour, that they are
fuppofed to have given her name to a fcolding woman, whom
for her venom they call a frew.
To Shriek, v. n. [Jkrieger, Danifh; Jcricciolarey Italian. }
To cry out inarticulately with anguiih or horrour; to
feream.
On top whereof ay dwelt the ghaftly owl.
Shrieking his baleful note. Fa. JJjecn.
It was the owl thatfriek’d, the fatal belman
Which gives the fterneft good-night. Shakefpeare.
Were I the ghoft that walk’d,
I’d Jbrieky that even your ears fhould rift to hear me. Shak.
In a dreadful dream
I faw my lord fo near deftrudlion.
Then Jbriek’t myfelf awake. Denham.
Hark ! Peace !
At this fhe fhriek’d aloud; the mournful train
Eccho’d her grief. Dryden s Knight’s Tale.
Why did you Jhriek out? Dryden’s Spanif) Fryar.
Shriek, n.f. [ftrieg, Danifh; fcriccio, Italian.] An inarticu¬
late cry of anguifh or horrour.
Una hearing evermore
His rueful frieks and groanings, often tore
Her guiltlefs garments, and her golden hair.
For pity of his pain. Fa. J/hteer..
Time has been my fenfes wou’d have cool’d.
To hear a nightJhriek, and my fell of hair
Wou’d at a difmal treatife roufe and ftir
As life were in’t. Shakefpeare $ Macbeth.
The corps of Almon, and the reft are fhown.
Shrieks, clamours, murmurs, fill the frighted town. Dryd.
Shrift, n.f. [ yciyr, Saxon.] Confefuon made to a prieft.
A word out of ufe.
Off with
Bernardine’s head : I will give a prefentJhrifty
And will advife him for a better place. Shakefpeare.
My lord fhall never reft;
I’ll watch him tame, and talk him out:
PIis bed fhall feem a fchool, his board aJhrift. Shakefp.
The duke’s commands were abfolute.
Therefore my lord, addrefs you to yourJhrift,
And be yourfelf; for you muft die this inftant. Rowe.
Shright, for frieked. Spenfer.
SHRILL. [A word fuppofed to be made per onomatopoeiam, in
imitation of the thing expreffed, which indeed it images very
happily.] Sounding with a piercing, tremulous, or vibratory
found.
Thy hounds fhall make the welkin anfwer them.
And fetch frill echoes from the hollow earth. Shakefpeare:
I have heard
The cock that is the trumpet to the morn.
Doth with his lofty and frill founding throat
Awake the god of day. Shakefpeare s Hamlet.
Have I fall’n.
From the dread fummit of this chalky bourn !
Look up a height, the frill gorg’d lark fo far
Cannot be feen or heard. Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
Upfprings the lark,
Shrill voic’d and loud, the meffenger of morn. Thomfon.
To Shrill, v. n. [from the adje&ive] To pierce the ear
with fharp and quick vibrations of found.
The fun of all the world is dim and dark;
O heavy herfe,
Break we our pipes thatfrill’d as loud ai lark,
O careful verfe. Spenfer.
Hark how the minftrels ’gin to frill aloud
Their merry mufick that refounds from far.
The pipe, the tabor, and the trembling crowd
That well agree withouten breach or jar. Spenfer,
Afrilling trumpet founded from on high.
And unto battle bade themfelves addrefs. Shakefpeai e.
Here, no clarion’s frilling note
The mufe’s green retreat can pierce;
The grove, from noify camps remote,
Is only vocal with my verfe. Fenton’s Ode to Lord Gower.
The females round,
Maids wives, and matrons mix a frilling found. Pope.
ShrlLly'ado. [horn frill] With a (brill noife^ >
Shrillness, n.f [from frill.] 1 he quality of being fhnjl.
Shrimp.
S H R S H R
Shrimp, n. /. [ fchrumpe, a wrinkle, German; fcrympe, Dinifh.]
1. A fmall craftaceous vermiculated filh.
Of fhell-fifh there are wrinkles,Jbrimps> crabs. Carciv.
Hawks and gulls can at a great height fee mice on the '
earth, and firitnps in the waters. Derbam,
2. A little wrinkled man ; adwatf. In contempt.
It cannot be, this weak and writhled Jhrimp
Should ftrike fuch terrour in his enemies. Shakefpearc.
He hath found.
Within the ground.
At laft, no Jhrimp,
Whereon to imp
His jolly club. Ecn.Johnfon.
Shrine, n.f [jrcin, Saxon ; fcrinium, Latin.] A cafe in which
fpmething facred is repofited.
You living powers enclos’d in {lately Jhrine
Of crowing trees ; you rural gods that wield
Your fcepters here, if to your c^res div ine
A voice may come, which troubled foul doth yield. Sidney.
All the world come
To kifs thisJhrine, this mortal breathing faint. Shakefpeare.
Come offer at myJhrine and I will help thee. Shakefp.
They often plac’d
Within his fan&u’ry itfelf their Jhrines,
Abominations! and with curled things
His holy rites profan’d. _ Milton.
Falling on his knees before herJhriney
He thus implor’d her pow’r. Dryden.
Lovers are in rapture at the name of their fair idol; they
lavifh out all their incenfe upon thatJhrine, and cannot bear
the thought of admitting a blemilh therein. Watts.
To Shrink, v.n. preterite, 1 Jhrunk, or firanky participle,
Jhrunken. [pepincan, Saxon.]
1. To contrail itfelf into lels room ; to flirivel; to be drawn to¬
gether by fome internal power.
But to be {till hot fummer’s tannings, and
The firinkir.g ilaves of winter. Shakefpeare s Cymbeline.
I am a fcribbled form, drawn with a pen
'Upon a parchment, and againft this fire .
Do IJhrink up. Shakefpearc'’s K. John.
I have not found that water, by mixture of allies, will
" Jhrink or draw into lefs room. Bacon’s Nat. Hiftory.
Ili-weav’d ambition how much art thou Jhrunk!
When that this body did contain a fpirit,
A kingdom for it was too final] a bound :
But now two paces of the vileft earth
Is room enough. Shakefpeare.
2. To withdraw as from danger.
The noife encreafes,
She comes, and feeble nature now I find
Shrinks back in danger, and forfakes my mind. Dryden.
Am i become fo monftrous, lo disfigur’d,
That nature Hands agaft;
And the fair light which gilds this new made orb,
Shorn of his beams, firinks in. Dryden.
Love is a plant of the moft tender kind,
That firinks and {hakes with ev’ry ruffling wind. Granv.
All fibres have a contradlile power, whereby they fhorten ;
3S appears if a fibre be cut tranfverfly, the endsjhrink, and
make the wound gape. Arbuthnot.
Philofophy that touch’d the heav’ns before.
Shrinks to her hidden caufe, and is no more. Pope.
3. To exprefs fear, honour, or pain, by fhrugging, or con¬
tracting the body.
There is no particular objedt fo good, but it may have
the {hew of fome difficulty or unpleafant quality annexed to
it, in refpeCt whereofthe will mayJhrink and decline it. Hooker.
The morning cock crew loud.
And at the found it Jhrunk in hafte away,
And vaniffl’d from our fight. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
I’ll embrace him with a foldier’s arm,
That he {hall Jhrink under my courtefy. Shakefpeare.
When he walks, he moves like an engine,
And the ground firinks before his treading. Shakefpeare.
4. To fall back as from danger.
Many Jhrink, which at the firft would dare.
And be the foremoft men to execute. Daniel's Civil War.
I lauah, when thofe who at the fpear are bold
And vent’rous, if that fail them, Jhrink and fear
To endure exile, ignominy, bonds. Milton.
If a man accuftoms himfelf to flight thofe firft motions to
good, orfirinkings of his confcience from evil, confcience will
by degrees grow dull and unconcerned. South’s Sermons.
The ficyJhrunk upward with unufual dread.
And trembling Tyber div’d beneath his bed. Dryden.
The "old-fraught veffel which mad tempefts beat.
He fees now vainly make to his ictrcat \
And, when from far the tenth wave does appear,
Shrinks up in filent joy, that he s not there. Dryden.
The fires but faintly lick’d their prey.
Then loath’d their impious food, and would have Jhrunk
away. Dryden.
Fall on : behold a noble beaft at bay,
And the vile huntfmen firink. ^ Dryden.
Inuring children to fuller fome pain, withoutfirinkings is
a way to gain firmnefs and courage. ^ Locke.
What happier natures Jhrink with affright.
The hard inhabitant contends is right. Pope.
To Shrink, v. a. participle pafi jhrunk, firauk, orfirunken.
To make to fhrink. Not in life.
O mighty Caefar! d’oft thou lye fo low ?
Are all thy conquefts, glories, triumphs, fpoils.
Shrunk to this little meafure ? Shakefpeare.
The fixth age fhifts
Into the lean and flipper’d pa' taloon.
His youthful hole well fav’d, a world too wide
For hisfirunk {hank. Shakefpeare„
If he leflens the revenue, he will alfo firink the neceffity. T¥°rKeep it from coming too long, left it fhould firink the com
. in meafure. Mortimer.
Shrink, n.f. [from the verb.]
I. Corrugation ; contraction into Jefs compafs.
There is, in this, a crack, which feems a firink, or con¬
traction in the body fince it was firft formed. Woodward.
2- Contraction of the body from fear or horrour.
This publick death, receiv’d with fuch a chear,
As not a figh, a look, a firink bewrays
The leaft felt touch of adegenerous fear. Daniel's Civ. War.
Shri'nker. n. f. [from firink.] He who fhrinks.
Shrievalty. n.f Corrupted for She'r;ffalty, which fee.
To Shrive, v. a. [yepiyan, Saxon.] To hear at confeffion.
What, talking with a prieft, lord chamberlain ?
Your friends at Pomfret they do need a prieft.
Your honour hath no firiving work in hand. Shakefpeare.
He Jhriz.es this woman,
Elfe ne’er could he fo long piotraCt his fpeech. Shakefp.
If he had the condition of a faint, and the complexion of
a devil, I had rather he fhould firice me than wive me. Shak.
Shrive but their title, and their moneys poize,
A laird and twenty pence pronounc’d with noife.
When conftru’d but for a plain yeoman go.
And a good fober two pence, and well fo. Cleaveland.
To Shri'vel. v. n. [fchrompelen, Dutch.] To contraCt itfelf
into wrinkles.
Leaves, if they firivel and fold up, give them drink. Evel.
If fhe fmelled to the frefheft nofegay, it would firivel and
wither as it had been blighted. Arbuthnot.
To Shri'vel. v. a. To contrad into wrinkles.
He burns the leaves, the fcorching blaft invades
The tender corn, and finvels up the blades. Dryden.
When the fiery funs too fiercely play,
And firivel’d herbs on with’ring Items decay.
The wary ploughman, on the mountain's brow.
Undams his watry ftores. Dryden.
Shri'vf.R. n.f. [fromfirive ] A confeffor.
The ghoftly father now hath done his fhrift,
When he was made a Jhriver ’tvvas for Ihift. Shakefp.
Shroud, n.f [yepub, Saxon.
1. Afnelter; a cover.
It would warm his fpirits.
To hear from me you had left Antony*
And put yourfelf under his firoud, the univerfal land¬
lord. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
By me inverted with a vail of clouds,
And fwaddled, as new-born, in fable Jhrouds,
For thefe a receptacle I defign’d. Sandys*
The winds
Blow moift and keen, {battering the graceful locks
Of thefe fair fpreading trees ; which bids us feek
Some betterfiroud, fome better warmth, to cherilh
Our limbs benumb’d. Miltons Paradife Lojl.
2. The drefs of the dead ; a winding-{beet.
Now the wafted biands do glow;
Whilft the fcreech owl fcreeching loud,
Pirts the wretch that lies in woe
In remembrance of a firoud. Shakefpeare.
3. The fail ropes. It feems to be taken fometimes for the
fails.
I turned back to the mart: of the fhip j there I found my
fword among fome of the Jhrouds. Sidney;;
The vifitation of the winds,
Who take the ruffian billows by the top.
Curling their monftrous heads, and hanging them
With deafning clamours in the flipp’ry Jhrouds,
That with the hurley death itfelf awakes. Shakefpeare.
The tackle of my heart is crackt and burnt;
And all thefirowds wherewith my life (hould fail.
Are turned to one little hair. Shakefpeare.
24 A, A weather-
«£ O-J
SHR SHU
A weather-beaten veffel holds
Gladly the port, tho’ Jhrouds and takle torn. Milton.
Hie flaming Jhrouds fo dreadful did appear.
All judg’d a wreck: could no proportion bear. Dryden.
The cries of men are mix’d with rattling Jhrouds,
Seas dafh on leas, and clouds encounter clouds. Dryden.
He lummons ftrait his denizens of air ;
1 he lucid fquadrons round the fails repair :
Soft o’er the Jhrouds aerial whifpers breathe*
Thiit'feem’d but zephyrs. Pop's.
To Shroud, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fbelter; to cover from danger.
Under your beams I will me fafely Jhroud. Fa. Queen.
He got himfelf with his fellows to the town of Mege* in
hope toJhroud himfelf, until fuchtime as the rage of the people
were appealed. Knolles's Hiji. ofthe Turks.
The governors of Corfu caufed the fuburbs, which were
very great, to be plucked down, for fear that the TurksJhrouding themfelves in them, fhould With more cafe befiege the
town. Knolles's FUJI, ofthe Turks.
One of thefe trees, with ail his young ones, may Jhroud
four hundred horfemen. Raleigh.
Befides the faults men commit, with this immediate avowed
afpect upon their religion, there are others which flily Jhroud
themfelves under the Ikirt of its mantle. Decay of Piety.
So Venus, from prevailing Greeks did fraud
The hope of Rome* and fav’d him in a cloud. Waller.
2. To drefs for the grave.
If I die before thee, Jhroud me
In one of thefe fame fheets. Shakefpeare's Othello.
The antient Egyptian mummies werejhrouded in a number
cf folds oflinen, befmeared with gums, like ferecloth. Bacon.
Whoever comes to Jhroud me, do not harm
That fubtile wreath of hair about mine arm. Donne-.
. To clothe; to drefs.
. To cover or conceal.
That fame evening, when all Jhrouded were
In carelefs lleep, all, without care or fear,
They fell upon the flock. Spenfr.
Under this thick-grown brake we’ll Jhrdud ourfelves,
For through this land anon the deer will come.
And in this covert will we make our hand.
Culling the principal. Shakefpeare’s Hen. VI.
Moon, flip behind feme cloud : fome tempeft rife.
And blew out all the ftars that light the fkies,
ToJhroud my fhame. Dryden.
Thither the loud tumultuous winds refort,
And on the mountain keep their boift’rous court,
That in thick fhow’rs her rocky fummit Jhrouds,
And darkens all the broken view with clouds. Addifon.
5. To defend ; to protect.
To Shroud, v. n. To harbour; to take fitelter.
If your ftray attendance be yet lodg’d,
Or Jhroud within thefe limits, I fhall know
Ere morrow wake. Milton.
Shro'vetide. \n-f- [from Jhreve, the preterite ofJhrive.’]
Shro'vetuesdav. 5 The time of confeflion; the day be¬
fore Afh-wednefday or Lent, on which anciently they went to
confeflion.
Atfirovetide to fhroving. Tujfn
Shrub, n.f [yqiibbe, Saxon.]
1. A bufh ; a fmali tree.
Trees generally fhoot up in one great Hem or body; and
then at a good diftance from the earth fpread into branches;
thus goofeberries and currans are firubs-, oaks and cherries
are trees. Locke.
He came unto a gloomy glade,
Cover’d with boughs and Jhruhs from heav’n’s light. Fa. Q.
Th’ humble Jhrub and bufh with frizled hair. Milton.
All might have been as well brufhwood and Jhrubs. Mote.
Comedy is a reprefentation of common life, in low fubjeefs,
and is a kind of juniper, a Jhrub belonging to the fpecies of
cedar. Dryden.
I’ve liv’d
Amidft thefe woods, gleaning from thorns and firubs
A wretched fuftenance. Addifon.
1. [A cant word ] Spirit, acid, and fugar mixed.
Shru'bby. adj. [fromJhrub.]
I. Refembling a fhrub.
Plants appearing weathered, firubby and curled, are the
effects of immoderate wet. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
1 Full of fhrubs; bufhy.
Gentle villager.
What readied: way would bring me to that place ?
Due weft it rifes from this Jhrubby point. Milton.
On that cloud-piercing hill
Plinlimmon, the goats their Jhrubby browze
Gnaw pendent. “ Philips.
I o Shrugg. v. n.\fchricken, Dutch ; to tremble.] To exprefs horror or dillatisfa&ion by motion of the fhoulders
whole body.
or
Like a fearful deer that looks moft about when he comei
to the heft feed, with a Jlrugging kind of tremor through all
her principal parts, file gave thefe words. Sidney.
The touch of the cold water made a pretty kind of Jhrug¬
ging come over her body like the twinkling of the faireft
among the fixed ftars. Sidney.
Be quick, thou wert beft
Jo anfwer otherbufinefs; frug’Jl thdu malice ? Shakefp.
He grins, fmacks, Jhrugs* and fuch an itch endures.
As prentices or fchool-boys which do know
Of fome gay fport abroad, yet dare not go. Donne:
1 hey grin, they Jhrugs
They bow, they fnarl, they fcratch, they hug. Swift.
To Shrug, v. a. To contradf or draw up.
Hefrugs his fhoulders When you talk of fecurities. Addifon.
Zealots WxWJhrug up their fhoulders. Blount.
HeJhrug’d his fturdy back,
As if he felt his fhoulders ake. Hudibras.
Shrug, n.f [from the verb.] A motion of the fhoulders
Ufually exprefling diflike or averfion.
And yet they ramble not to learn the mode.
How to be dreft, or how to lifp abroad.
To return knowing in the SpanifhJhrug. Cleaveland.
As Spaniards talk in dialogues.
Of heads and fhoulders, nods and firugs. Hudibras,
Put on the critick’s brow, and fit
At Will’s, the puny judge of wit.
A nod, a Jhrugs a fcornful fmile,
With caution us’d may ferve a while. Swift.
Shrunk. The preterite and part, paflive oijbrink.
Leaving the two friends alone, IJhrunk afideto the Banquet¬
ing houfe where the pictures were. Sidney.
The wicked firunk for fear of him, and all the workers of
iniquity were troubled. 1 Maccabees.
Shru'nken. The part, paflive of(brink.
She weighing the decaying plight,
And Jhrunken finews of her chofen knight;
Would not a while her forward courfe purfue. Fa. Queen.
If there were taken out of mens minds, vain opinions, if
would leave the minds of a number of men, poor Jhrunken
things, full of melancholy. Bacon.
To Shu'dder. v. a. [J'chuddren, Dutch.] To quake with
fear, or with averfion.
All the other paflions fleet to air.
As doubtful thoughts, and rafh embrac’d defpair.
And Jhudd’ring fear. Shakejpeare.
The fright was general; but the female band
With horror Jhudd’ring on a heap they run. Dryden*
I love,—alas ! Ifudder at the name.
My blood runs backward, and my fault’ring tongue
Sticks at the found. Sr/iithi
Caefar will fhrink to hear the words thou utter’ft.
And Jhudder in the midft of all his conquefts. Addifon.
Youth’s bold courage cools.
EachJhudd'ring owns the genius of the fchools. Dunciad.
To Shuffle, v.a. [yypeling, Saxon, a buftle, a tufnult.]
1. I o throw into diforder; to agitate tumultuoufly, fo as that
one thing takes the place of another; to confufe; to throw
together tumultuoufly.
When the heavens Jhuffic all in one,
J he torrid, with the frozen zone.
Then, fybil, thou and I will greet. Cleaveland.
From a new JhufJling and difpofition of the component
particles of a body, might not nature compofe a body dilToluble
in water. Boyle.
In moft things good and evil lie fluffed, and thruft up to¬
gether in a confufed heap ; and it is ftudy which muft draw
them forth and range them. South’s Sermons.
When lots are Jh’fflcd together in a lap or pitcher, what
reafon can a man have to prefume, that he fhall draw a white
ftone rather than a black. South’s Sermons.
A glimpfe of moonfhine fheath’d with red,
A JhufflA, fullen and uncertain light
That dances thro’ the clouds and fhuts again. Dryden.
Children fhould not lofe the confideration of human nature
in the fiuflings of outward conditions. The more they have,,
the better humoured they fhould be taught to be. ” Locke.
We fhall in vain, fluffing the little money we have from,
one another s hands, endeavour to prevent our wants; decay
ol trade will quickly wafte all the remainder. Locke.
T. hefe vapours foon, miraculous event,
Shuffl'd by chance, and mix’d by accident. Blackmore.
hhuffl’d and entangl’d in their race.
They clafp each other. Blachnore.
He hasfluffed the two ends of the fentence together, and
by taking out the middle, makes it fpeak juft as he would
have it. Atte>bury.
’Tis in no wife ftrange that fuch a one fhould believe, that
things were blindly Jhuffled and hurled about in the world ;
that the elements were at conftant firife with each other. JTcod.
2. To
s'h u
2. To remove, or put by with fome artifice or fraud.
1 can no other anfwer make, but thanks 3
And ot'c good turns
Are Jhuffled off with fuch uncurrent pay. Shakefpeare.
Her mother,
Now firm for dodlor. Caius, hath appointed
That he fhall \\kew\(e Jhuffle her away. Shakefpeare.
If any thing hits, we take it to ourfelves; if it mifearries,
we /baffle it off to our neighbours. L’EjIrange.
It was contrived by your enemies, and Jhuffled into the
papers that were feiz’d. Drydn.
If, when a child is queftioned for any thing, he perfifts to
Jhnffle it off with a falfhood, he mull be chaftifed. Locke.
3. 1 o Ihake 3 to diveff.
In that deep of death, what dreams may come.
When we have Jhuffled off this mortal coil.
Muff give us paufe. Shakefpeare.
4* To change the pofition of cards with refpedl to each other.
The motions of foufflmg of cards or calling of dice, are
very light. _ _ %acori>
W e fure in vain the cards condemn,
# Ourfelves both cut andJhuffl'd them. Prior.
5. To form tumultuoufly, or fraudulently.
They fent forth their precepts to convent them before a
court of commifhon, and there ufed toJhrffle up a fummary
proceeding by exam nation, without trial of jury. Bacon.
We Jhuffled up a peace with the cedar, in which the Bumelians were excluded. Hoivel,
To Shuffle, v. n.
1. To throw the cards into a new order.
A lharper both Jhuffles and cuts. LEjlrange.
Cards we play
A round or two, when us’d, we throw away,
i ake a frelh pack, nor is it worth our grieving
Who cuts orfouffles with our dirty leaving. °Granville.
2. T. o play mean tricks 3 to pradlife fraud 3 to evade fair queftions.
I myfelf, leaving the fear of heaven on the left hand, and
hiding mine honour in my neceffity, am fain to fhuffle. Sbak.
I have nought to do with that Jhuffling fedl, that doubt
eternally, and quellion all things. Glanvilles Defence.
.The crab advifed his companion to give overJbaffling and
doubling, and pradlife good faith. LEjlrange.
_ It is an unbappinefs that children ihould be fo much ad-
<fi(5£cd to tne humour offbuj^hng* T?Fjfrnyinp%
If a fleward be fuffered to run on, without bringing him to
a reckoning, fuch a fottilh forbearance will teach him to
fhuffle, and ftrongly tempt him to be a cheat. South.
To thefe arguments concerning the novelty of the earth,
there are fome/baffling excufes made. Burn. Theory ofthe Earth;
Tho he durft not diredtly break his appointment, he made
many -a. Jhuffling excufe. Arbuthnofs Hijl. ofJohn Bail.
3. - To ftruggle j to fliift.
Your life, good mailer,
M ull {baffle for itfelf. Shakefpeare s Cymleline.
4. To move with an irregular gait.
Mincing poetry,
Tis like the foicd gait of a f.ufflmg nag. Shakefpeare.
Shuffle, n.f [from the verb.]
1. The ail of difordering things, of making them take confufedly the place of each other.
Is it not a firmer foundation for contentment, to believe
that all things were at firll created, and are continually difpofed for the bell, than that the whole univerfe is mere bund¬
ling, nothing effected for any purpofe, but all ill-favouredly
cobled and jumbled together, by the unguided agitation and
rude Jhuffles of matter. Bentley s Sermons.
2. A trick3' an artifice. .
The gifts of nature are beyond all lhams andfuffles. L'Edr.
Shu'fflecap. n.f. [Jkuffle and cap.] A play at which mo¬
ney is lhaken in a hat.
He loll his money at chuck farthing, fnufflecap, and allfours. A) bath iotrs Bhjt. ofJohn Bull.
Shuffler, n.f [irqmfuffle.] He who plays tricks or fliuffles.
Shufflingly, adv. \fxovc\ Jhuffle.] Wbth an irregular gait.
I may go/rufflingly, for 1 was never before walked in
trammels 3 yet I fhall drudge and moil at conllancy, ’till I
have worn off'the hitching in my pace. ’>Dr\dcn.
To Shun. v. a. [aycuman, Saxon. J To avoid 5 to decline 3
to endeavour to efcape 3 to efehew.
Confider death in itfelf, and nature teacheth Chrill to Jhun
**• Hooker.
The lark ! /hurts on lofty boughs to build,
Her humble neff lies filent in the field. Waller.
Birds and bealls can fly their foe:
So chanticleer, who never faw a fox,
Yet Jhun'd him as a tiAoi.Jhuns the rocks. Dryden.
Cato will train thee up to great
And virtuous deeds: do but obferve him well,
1 houl’tJhun misfortunes, orthou’lt learn to bear them. Addf
SHU
Stiunless, adj. [from fun.] Inevitable3 unavoidable.
Alone he enter’d
The mortal gate of the city, which lie painted
With Jhunlef defliny. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus;
To Shut. v. a. preterite, TJhut; part, paffive, {hut. [ycircan,
Saxon 3 fchutten, Dutch.]
1. To clofe fo as to prohibit ingrefs or regrefs 3 to make not
open.
Kings fhallJhut their mouths at him. Ifaiah lii. 1 5.
To a flrong tower fled all the men and women, and {hut
it to them, and gat them up to the top. Judges ix. 51;
We fee more exquifitely with one eye flvrt than with both
open; for that the fpifits vifual unite more, and become
flronger. Baton's Natural Hijl ry.
She open’d, but to Jhut
Excell’d her pow’r; the gates wide open flood. Milton.
2. To inclofe; to confine.
Before faith came, we were kept under the law, Jhut
up unto the faith, which fhould afterwards be revealed.
Gal. iii.
They went in male and female of all flefh; and the L >rd
Jhut him in. Gen. vii. r 63
3. To prohibit; to bar.
Shall that be Jhut to man, which to the beafl
Is open ? Milton.
4. To exclude.
On various feas, not only loft.
ButJhut from ev’ry fhoar, and barr’d from ev’ry coaft. Dryd.
5. To contract 3 not to keep expanded.
Harden not thy heart, norJhut thine hand from thy poor
brother. Deut. xv. 73
6. To Shut out. To exclude ; to deny admifllon.
Beat in the reed,
The jufter you drive it to Jhut off the rairt. Tufflr's Hvfb.
In fuch a night
Tojhut me out ? pour on I will endure. Shakefpeare.
Wifdom at one entrance quitefhut out. Milton.
He in his walls confin’d.
Shut out the woes which he too well divin’d. Dryden's dEn.
Sometimes the mind fixes itfelf with fo much eanieftnefs on
the contemplation of fome objedls, that it/huts out all other
thoughts. Locke»
7. To Shut up. To clofe; td confine. Up is fometimes little
more than emphatical.
Thou haft known my foul in adverfities 3 and not Jhut me
up into the hand of the enemy. Pfalmsxxxi. 8.
Woe unto you feribes 3 for you Jhut up the kingdom of hea¬
ven againft men. Matth. xxiii. 1 3.
Dangerous rocks fhut up the paffage. Raleigh;
What barbarous cuftoms!
Shut up a defart fhore to drowning men;
And drive us to the cruel feas. Dryden's JEneid.
A lofs at fea, a fit of ficknefs, are trifles, when we confi¬
der whole families putto the fword, wretches Jhut up in dun¬
geons. Addifon's Spectators,
His mother fhut up half the rooms in the houfe, in which
her hufband or fon had died. Addijon.
Lucullus, with a great fleet, ffut Up Mithridates in Pitany. Arbuthnct on Coins.
8. To Shut up. Toconclude;
The king’s a-bed.
He is Jhut up in meafurelefs content. Shakcfp. Macbeth.
Altho’ he was patiently heard as he delivered his embaffage;
yet, in theJhutting up of all, he received no more but an infolent anfwer. Knolles's Hijlory ofthe Turks.
To leave yob, bleft, I would be more accurft.
Than death carl make me 3 for death ends our woes,
And the kind grave fonts up the mournful feene. Dryden.
When the feene of life is Jhut up, the Have will be above
his mailer, if he has ailed better. Collier ofEnvy.
To Shut. v. n. To be clofed ; to clofe itfelf.
ShI/t. Participial adjedlive. Rid; clear 5 free;
We mull not pray in one breath to find a thifef, and in the
next to getJhut of him. L'Ejlrange.
Shut, n.f [from the verb.]
i; Clofe; adl of fhutting.
I fought him round his palace, made enquiry
Of all the flaves: but had for anfwer,
That fince theJhut of evening none had feen him. Dryden;
2. Small door or cover.
The wind gun is charged by the forcible compreflion of
air, the imp'rifoned air ferving, by the help of little falls or
fouts within, to flop the vents by which it was admitted Wilk
In a very dark chamber, at a round hole, about one third
part of an inch broad, made in the jhut of a window l
placed a glafs prifrn. NewUn's ofch,
I here were no JbuU or floppies rnaJc for the animal’s ears
tint any load node might awaken it, A> >, CrMim]
Shutter, n.f [from/a/.] J
i. One that fhut?.-
1 %. A
S I c
S I c
2. A cover; a door.
The wealthy,
In lofty litters born, read and write, , , <v
Or deep at eafe, the fitters make it night Dryden s fuven.
Shu'ttle. n,f. [ jchietfipoele, Dutch ; Jkutul, lan k .]
inftrument with which the weaver fhoots the crofs thiea .
I know life is * Shuttle. Shak. Merry Wives of Winder.
LiktShuttles through the loom, fo iwiftly glide ^^
My feather’d hours. , . r , a>uy '
What curious loom does chance by ev ning fpread . 1
With what fine Jhuttle weave the virgin s thread, >
Which like the fpider’s net hangs o er the mead ! Blafkm. )
Shu'ttlecock r. r rSpp Shitti ecock] A cork ftuck . n.J. [bee shiti i.tcj^.j
with feathers,' and beaten backward and forwaid.
With dice, with cards, with balhards far unfit.
With Shuttlecocks miffeeming manly wit. Hubberd s 1 ale.
SHY. adj. [/choice, Dutch; fichifo,.Italian.] _
t Referved ; not familiar ; not free of behaviour.
She is reprefented in fuch a Shy retiring pofture, and covers
her bofom with one of her hands. < JMjn s Guardian.
What makes you fo jhy, my good friend ? There s no body
loves you better than I. Arbuthn. Hijl. ofJohn Bull.
2. Cautious ; wary ; chary. .
I am very Jhy of employing corrofive liquors in the prepa¬
ration of medicines. . , r’
Wp are not h of affent to celeftial informations, becauie
they were hid from ages. _ Glanv. Sccpf.
We grant, although he had much wit,
H’ was veryShy of ufing it,
As being loth to wear it out.
And therefore bore it not about. hud:bras.
Keeping at a diftance ; unwilling to approach.
A Shy fellow was the duke; and, I believe, I know the came
of his withdrawing. Shakefp. Measure for Mea',w e.
The bruife impofthumated, and afterwards turned to a
{linking ulcer, which made every body fay to come near her.
Ai buthnot’s HiJtory of John Bull.
The horfes of the army, having been daily led before me,
were no longer fhy, but would come up to my very feet, with¬
out darting. . ... Gulliver s Travels.
But when we come to feize th’ inviting prey.
Like a Jhy ghoft, it. vanifhes away. . horns.
±. Stifpicious; jealous; unwilling to fuffer near acquaintance.
Princes are, by wifdom of ftate, fomewhatJhy of their fucceffors ; and there may be fuppofed in queens regnant a little
proportion of tehdernefs that way more than in kings. IVoiton.
I know you fay to be obligd,
And flill more loth to be oblig’d by me. Southern.
Si'bilant. adj. [fibilans, Latin.] Hiffing.
It were eafy to add a nafal letter to each of the other pair
of lifping and fihilant letters. Holder's Elements of Speech.
Sibila'tion. n.f [fromfibilo, Latin.] A hiding found.
Metals, quenched in water, give afiliation or hilling found.
Bacon's Natural Hjtory.
A pipe, a little moiflened on the infide, maketh a moie
folemn found than if. the pipe were dry ; but yet with a fweet
degree offibUafion or purling. _ Bacon s Nat. HiJtory.
Sl'cAMORE. n.f. [ficamorus, Latin.] A tree.
Of trees you have the palm, olive, and ftcamore. Beacham.
x To SLCCATE. v. a. [ficco, Latin.] To dry _
Sicca'tion. n.f. [fromfixate.1 The aft of. drying.
Sicci'fick. adj. [ficcus and fo, Latin.] Caufing drinefs.
Si'ccity. n.f. [fecite, Fr. ficcitas, from ficcus, Latin.]
nefs; aridity; want of moifture. -n r rr r
That which is coagulated by a fay ficcity will fuffer cohquation from an aqueous humidity, as fait and lugar.
* Brown s I ulgar Brrours,
The reafon fome attempt to make out from theficcity and
drinefs of its fiefh. Brown’s Vulgar E, fours
In application of medicaments confider what degree of heat
and ficcity is proper. „ W'fe n ' Sur^’
Sice. n.f. [fix, French.] The number fix at dice.
My fludy was to cog the dice,
And dext’roufly to throw the luckyfee’,
, To fhun ames-ace, that fwept my Hakes away. Dryden.
Sich. adj• Such. See Such.
I thought the foul would have made me rich ;
But now I wote it is nothingfitch;
For either the fliepherds been idle and flill.
And led of their fheep what they will. Spenfer s Pajhrals.
SICK, adj [yeoc, Saxon; feck, Dutch.]
I. Afflicted with difeafe.
’Tis meet we all go forth, „
To view the fick and feeble parts of France. Shak. H. V.
In poifon there is phyfick; and this news,
1 hat would, had I been well, have made m^ fid.
Beingfick, hath in fome meafure made me well.^ S ake,p.
Caffius, 1 am Jici of many griefs. Shakefp. Jul. l^ejar.
Ammon was fo vexed, that he fell fick for Tamar. 2 Sa. iii.
Where’s the Hoick can his wrath appeafe.
To fee his countryfick of Pym’s difeafe? Clcavcland.
Milton.
Dri
Defpair
Tended the fick, hufieft from couch to couch.
A fpark of the man-killing trade ,
Fell fick. Dryden sPcrfi
Nothing makes a more ridiculous figure in a man’s life,
than the difparity we often find in him fick and we . ope.
2. Difordered in the organs of digeflion; ill in the Ho¬
rnach.
3. Corrupted.
What we oft do befl.
By fick interpreters, or weak ones, is
Not ours, or not allow’d : what worfl, as oft
Hitting a groffer quality, is cried up
For our befl aft. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
4. Difgufled.
I do not, as an enemy to peace,
Troop in the throngs of military men :
But rather fhew a-while like fearful war.
To diet rank mindsfick of happinefs,
And purge th’ obftruaions, which begin to flop
Our very veins of life. Shakefpeare.
He was not fo fick of his matter as of his work L'Ejhange.
Why will you break the fabbath of my days.
Nowfick alike of envy and of praife ? Pope.
To Sick. v. n. [from the noun.] To ficken; to take a .
difeafe. Not in ufe.
A little time before
Our oreat grandfire Edward fick d and died. Shakefp. H. IV.
To Si'cken. v.a. [horn fick.]
1. To make fick; to difeafe. .
Why fliould one earth, one clime, one ftream, one breath,
Raife this to ftrength, and fickcn that to death ? Prior.
2. To weaken ; to impair.
Kinfmen of mine have
By this faficken d their eftates, that never
They fhall abound as formerly. Shak. Henry v III.
To Si'cken. v. n.
1. To grow fick; to fall into difeafe.
I know the more onefickens, the worfe he is. Sbakejpeare:
The judges that fat upon the jail, and thofe that attended,
fickened upon it, and died. BaconMeerlv to drive away the time, heficken d.
Fainted/and died ; nor would with ale be quicken’d. Milt.
2. To be fatiated ; to be filled to difguft. h
Though the treafure
Of nature’s germins tumble all together,
Even ’till deftrudtion ficken, anfwer me
To what I afk you. Shakefp. Macbeth.
3. To be difgufled, or difordered with abhorrence.
The ghofts repine at violated night,
And curfe th’ invading fun, and ficken at the fight. Dryden.
4. To crow weak; to decay ; to languifh.
Ply’d thick and clofe, as when the fight begun.
Their huge unwieldy navy wattes away :
So ficken waining moons too near the fun.
And blunt their crefcents on the edge of day. Dryden.
Abftradl what others feel, what others think;
All pleafuresficken, and all glories fink. Pope.
Si'cker. adj. [ficcr, Welfh; Jeker, Dutch.] Sure ; certain ;
firm.
Being fome honeft curate, or fome vicar,
Content with little, in condition ficker. Hubberd s Tale.
Si'cker. adv. Surely ; certainly.
Sicker thou’s but a lazy loord,
And rekes much of thy fwink.
That with fond terms and witlcfs words,
To bleer mine eyes do’ft think. Spenfer.
SI'CKLE. n.J'. [ pcol, Saxon; fickel, Dutch, from fecale, or
fiuula, Latin.] The hook with which corn is cut; a reaping
God’s harveft is even ready for the fickle, and all the fields
yellow long ago. Spenfer on Ireland.
Time fbould never.
In life or death, their fortunes fever ;
But with bis rutty fickle mow
Both down together at a blow. Hudihas.
When corn has once felt thefickle, it has no more benefit
from the funlhine. _ , South’s Sermons.
O’er whom time gently (hakes his wings of down,
’Till with his fazntfickle they are mown. Dryden.
Si'ckleman. 7 ^ j-fromfKHe^ A reaper.
You fun burntficklemen, of Auguft weary,
Come hither from the furrow, and be
Their ficklcrs reap the corn another fows. Sandys.
Sr'cKUKEss.{./ [from/rfW Difpofrtion to fickneii; habrtual difeafe.
His words to wayward ficklinefs and age. Shake/. R. II.
8
N*xt
S I D
Next conriDare the ficklinefs, healthfulnefs, ami fruitfulnefs
of the feveral years. Graunt.
Si'ckly. adv. [ixavnjick.] Not in health.
Wc wear our health butJickly in his hfcj
Which in his death were perfed. Shake/. Macbeth.
Si'ckly. adj. [fromfick.]
i Not healthy ; not found ; not well; fomewhat difordered.
I’m fall’n out with more headier will,
Totaice the indifpos’d and fickly fit
For the found man. Sbakefpeare s King Lear.
Bring me word, boy, if thy lord looks well;
For he wentftckty forth. Shake/. Julius Cafar.
A pleafing cordial, Buckingham,
Is this thy vow unto myJickly heart. Shake/. R. HI.
The moon grows Jickly at the light of day,
And early cocks have fummon’d me away. Dryden.
Time feems not now beneath his years to ftoop,
Nor do his wings withfickly feathers droop. Dryden.
Would we know what health and eafe are worth, let us afk
one that isJickly, or in pain, and we have the price. Grew.
There afte&ation, with a Jickly mien.
Shows in her cheek the rofes of eighteen ;
Practis’d to lifp, and hang the head afide.
Faints into airs, and languifhes with pride. Pope.
When on my fickly couch I lay.
Impatient both of night and day,
Then Stella ran to my relief. Swift.
2. Faint; weak; languid.
To animate the doubtful fight,
Namur in vain expects that ray;
In vain France hopes the fickly light
Should fhine near Vv illiam’s fuller day. Prior.
To Si'ckly. v. a. [from the adjective.] To make difeafed;
to taint with the hue of difeafe. Not in ufe.
The native hue of refolution
Isfcklied o’er with the pale call of thought. Shakejpeare.
Si'ckness. n.J. [fromfick.]
1. State of being difeafed.
I do lament theficknefs of the king.
As loth to lofe him. Sbakefp. Rich. III.
2. Difeafe; malady.
My people are withficknefs much enfeebled,
My numbers leffen’d. Shake/. Henry V.
Himfelf took our infirmities, and bare ourficknejjes. Mat.
When I fay everyficknefs has a tendency to death, I mean
every individualficknefs as well as every kind. Watts.
Truft not too much your now refiftlefs charms ;
Thofe age orficknefs foon or late difarms. Pope.
3. Diforder in the organs of digellion.
SIDE, n f. [prt>e, Saxon; fj.de, Dutch.]
1. The parts of animals fortified by the ribs.
When two boars with rankling malice meet.
Their gory [ides frefh bleeding fiercely fret. Fairy Sfueen.
The clamour much.
Ere the foft fearful people to the Rood
Commit their woollyfdes.
2. Any part of any body oppofed to any other part.
The tables were written on both theirJides, on the onefide
and on the other. Ex. xxxii. 15.
The force of thefe outward ftreams might well enough
ferve for the turning of the fcrew, if it were fo that both its
fdrs would equiponderate. Wilkins.
3. The right or left.
4. Margin; edge; verge.
Or where Hydafpes’ wealthy fide
Pays tribute to the Perfian pride. Rofcommon.
Poor wretch ! on ftormy feas to lofe thy life;
For now the flowing tide
Had brought the body nearer to thefide. Dryden.
The temple of Diana chafte,
A fylvan fcene, with various greens was drawn.
Shades on the fdes, and in the midft a lawn. Dryden.
I could fee perfons drefled in glorious habits, with garlands
upon their heads, lying down by thefdes of fountains. Addif.
5. Any kind of local refpedf.
They looking back, all the eaftern fide beheld
Of Paradife. Milton4
If our fubftance be indeed divine.
And cannot ceafe to be, we are at worft
On thisfde nothing. Milton.
6. Party ; intereft ; fadfion ; fe6E
To take the widow,
Exafperates, makes mad her fitter Goneril;
And hardly {hall I carry out myfide.
Her hufband being alive. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Their weapons only
Seem’d on ourfde ; but for their fpirits and fouls,
1 his word rebellion, it had troze them up,
As filh are in a pond. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
Favour, cuftom, and at laft number, will be on thefde of
grace. Sprat.
Thcmfon.
S I D
Men he always took to be
His friends, and dogs his enemy ;
Who never fo much hurt had done him,
As his own fde did falling on him. Hudlbrat•
In the ferious part of poetry the advantage is wholly on
Chaucer’s fide. Dryden.
That perfon, who fills their chair, has juftly gained the
efteem of all tides by the impartiality of his behaviour. Addif
Let not our James, though foil’d in arms, defpair,
Whilft on hisfde he reckons half the fair. _ Ttckell.
Some valuing thofe of their own fide, or mind,
Still make themfelves the meafure of mankind.
Fondly we think we honour merit then,
When we but praife ourfelves in other men. Dope.
He from the tafte obfeene reclaims our youth,
And fets the paffions on thefde of truth ;
Forms the foft bofom with the gentleft art,
And pours each human virtue in the heart. . Fope.
7. Any part placed in contradiftio&ion or oppofition to another.
It is ufed of perfons, or propofitions refpeCting each other.
There began a (harp and cruel fight, many being flam and
wounded on bothfdes. Knolles s Hifi. of the fur s.
The plague is not eafily received by fuch as continually are
about them that have it: on the otherfide, the plague taketh
fooneft hold of thofe that come out of a frefh air. yj11'.
I am too well fatisfied of my own weaknefs to be plealed
with any thing I have written ; but, on the otEtxfide, my reafon tells me, that what I have long confidered may be as juft
as what an ordinary judge will condemn. Dryden.
My fecret wifhes would my choice decide;
But open juftice bends to neitherfde. Dryden.
It is granted on both fdes, that the fear of a Deity doth
univerfally poflefs the minds of men. Tillotfons Sermons.
Two nations ftill purfu’d
Peculiar ends, on each fde refolute
To fly conjunction. Philips.
Side. adj. [from the noun.] Lateral; oblique; not direCt;
being on either fide. _ .
They prefume that the law doth fpeak with all indifFercncy,
that the law hath nofde refped to their perfons. Hooker.
Take of the blood, and ftrike it on the two fide pofts, and
on the upper door poft of the houfes. Ex. xii. 7.
People are fooner reclaimed by thefde wind of a furprize,
than by downright admonition. L Efirange.
One mighty fquadron with afide wind fped. Dryden.
The parts of water, being eafily feparable from each other,
will, by afde motion, be eafily removed, and give way to the
approach of two piedes of marble. Locke.
What natural agent could turn them afide, could impel
them fo ftrongly with a tranfverfefde blow againft that tre¬
mendous weight and rapidity, when whole worlds are a fall¬
ing Bentley s Sermons.
&He not only gives us the full profpe&s, but feveral unex¬
pected peculiarities, and fde views, unobferved by any painter
but Homer. Pope’s Preface to the Iliad.
My fecret enemies could not forbear fome expreffions,
which by a fide wind reflected on me. Swift.
To Side. v. n. [from the noun.] To take a party; to engage
in a faCtion.
Vex’d are the nobles who havefided
In his behalf. Shake/. Coriolanus.
All rifing to great place is by a winding ftair; and if there
be factions, it is good to fide a man s felf whilft rifing, and
balance himfelf when placed. _ _ Bacon.
As foon as di{contents drove men intofdings, as ill humours
fall to the difaffeCted part, which caufes inflammations, fo did
all who affeaed novelties adhere to that fide. King Charles.
Terms rightly conceived, and notions duly fitted to them,
require a brain free from all inclination tofding, or affeCtion
to opinions for the authors fakes, before they be well underftood. Di&b on Bodies.
Not yet fo dully defperate
To fide againft ourfelves with fate;
As criminals, condemn’d to fufter.
Are blinded firft, and then’turn’d over. Hudibras.
The princes differ and divide;
Some follow law, and fome with beautyfde. Granville.
It is pleafant to fee a verfe of an old poet revolting from its
original fenfe, andfiling with a modern fubjea. Addifon.
° Allfide in. parties, and. begin th’jtftack. _ Pope.
Thofe who pretended to be in with the principles upon
which her majefty proceeded, either abfented themfelves where
the whole caufe depended, orfided with the enemy. Swift.
The equitable part of thofe who nowJide againft the court,
will probably be more temperate. Swift.
Si'deboard. n. f. [fide and board.] The fide table on which
conveniencies are placed for thofe that eat at the other table.
At a ftatelyfdeboard by the wine
That fragrant fmell diffus’d. Milt. Paradife Regain'd.
Nofdeboards then with gilded plate were drefs’d.
No fweating Haves with maffive difhes prefs’d. Dryden.
24 B The
S I D
The fnow white damafk enfigns are difplay’d.
And glittYmg falvers on thefideboard laid. King.
I he (hining fideboard, and the burnifh’d plate.
Let other minifters, great Anne, require. Prior.
Scipio Africanus brought from Carthage to Rome, in filver
Veflels, to the value of 11966/. 151. 9 d. a quantity ex¬
ceeded afterwards by the fideboards of many private tables.
Arbuthnot.
Si’debox. n.f. [ fide and box.] Seat for the ladies on the fide
of the theatre.
Why round our coaches crowd the white-glov’d beaus ?
Why bows thefidelox from its inmoft rows ? Pope.
Si'defly. n.f. An infeCt.
From a rough whitifh maggot, in the inteftinum reCtum of
horfes, the fidefiy proceeds; Derham's Pbyfico-Thoology.
To Si'dle. v. n. [fromfide.] To go with the body the nar¬
rowed way.
The chaffering with diffenters is but like opening a few
wickets, and leaving them no more than one can get in at a
time, and that not without (looping and fidling, and fqueezing
his body. Swift.
I pafled very gently and fidling through the two principal
ftreets. Gulliver's Travels.
A fellow nailed up maps in a gentleman’s- clofet, fome
/idling, and others upfidc down, the better to adjuft them to
the pannels. Swift.
Si'delong. adj. [fide and long.] Lateral; oblique; not in
front; not direCl.
She darted from her eyes afidelong glance,
Juft as (he fpoke, and, like her words, it flew;
Seem’d not to beg what fhe then bid me do. Dryden.
The deadly wound is in thy foul:
When thou a tempting harlot do’ft behold.
And when fhe cafts on thee afidelong glance.
Then try thy heart, and tell me if it dance ? Dryden.
The reafon of the planets motions in curve, lines is the
attraction of the fun, and an oblique orfidelong impulfe. Locke.
The kifs fnatch’d hafty from the fidelong maid. Thomfn.
Si'delong. adv.
1. Laterally; obliquely; not in purfuit; not in oppofition.
As if on earth
Winds under ground, or waters, forcing way.
Sidelong had pufti’d a mountain from his feat,
Half funk with all his pines. Milton's Paradife Lojl,
As a lion, bounding in his way.
With force augmented bears againft his prey.
Sidelong to feize. Dryden's Ceyx and Alcyone'.
2. On the fide.
If it prove too wet, lay your potsfidelong; but (hade thofe
which blow from the afternoon fun. Evelyn's Kalendar.
Si'der. n.f. See Cider.
Si'deral. adj. [fromfidus, Latin.] Starry; aftral.
Thefe changes in the heav’ns, though flow, produc’d
Like change on fea, and land ; fderal blaft,
Vapour and mift, and exhalation hot,
Corrupt and peftilent! Milton's Paradife Lof.
The mufk gives
Sure hopes of racy wine, and in its youth,
Its tender nonage, loads the fpreading boughs
With large and juicy offspring, that defies
The vernal nippings and cold fderal blafts: Philips.
Si'deRated. adj. [from fderatus, Latin.] Blafted; planet
. ftruck.
Parts cauterized, gangrenated, fderated, and mortified,
become black ; the radical moifture, or vital fulphur, fuffering an extinction. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Sidera'tion. n. f. [fderation, French; fderatio, Latin.]
A fudden mortification, or, as the common people call it,
a blaft; or a fudden deprivation of fenfe, as in an apo¬
plexy.
The contagious vapour of the very eggs produce a morti¬
fication orfderation in the parts of plants on which they are
laid. 1 Ray on the Creation.
Sidesaddle, n.f. [fide and faddle.] A woman’s feat on
horfeback.
Si'desman. n.f. [fide and man.] An afliftant to the church¬
warden.
A gift of fuch goods, made by them with the confent of
the fidefmen or veftry, is void. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Si'deways. \adv. [from fide and way, or wife.] Laterally;
Si'dewise. ) on one fide.
The fair bloffom hangs the head
Sideways, as on a dying bed;
And thofe pearls of dew (he wears,
Prove to be prefaging tears. Milton.
L in the third experiment the image of the fun (hould be
drawn out into an oblong form, cither by a dilatation of every
ray, or by any other cafual inequality of the refractions, the
fame oblong image would, by a fecond refraCtion made Jide-
•ways, be drawn out as much in breadth by the like dilatation
of the rays, or other cafual inequality of the refraCtion fidezvays. Newton's Opt.
S I G
S4eg£. n.f. [fuge, French.]
1. The aCt of befetting a fortified place; a leagucf.
Our caftle’s ftrength
Will laugh afiege to fcorn ; here let them lie,
’Till famine eat them up. Shakefp. Macbeth.
It feemed, by the manner of their proceeding, that the
Turks purpofed rather by long fiege than by affault to take
the town. Knolles's Hifiory of the Turks.
The more I fee pleafures about me, fo much more I feel
T orment within me, as from the hatefulfiege
Of contraries. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. ix,
2. Any continued endeavour to gain pofleflion.
Beat away the bufy meddling fiend,
That lays fkrong fiege unto this wretch’s foul,
And from his bofom purge this blackdefpair. Sbakef. H. VI.
Give me fo much ot your time, in exchange of it, as to
lay an amiabl0fiege to the honefty of Ford’s wife. Shakefp.
Love ftood th0fiege, and would not yield his bread. Dryd.
3. [Siege, French.] Seat; throne. Obfolete.
Drawing to him the eyes of all around,
From loftyfiege began thefe words aloud to found. Fa.ght.
4. Place ; clafs; rank. Obfolete.
I fetch my life and being
From men of royalfiege. Shakefp. Othello.
Your fum of parts
Did not together pluck fuch envy from him.
As did tha^: one, and that in my regard
Of the unworthieftfiege. Shakefp. Hamlet.
5. [Siege, French.] Stool.
It entereth not the veins, but taketh leave of the permeant
parts, as the mouths of the meferaicks, and accompanieth the
inconvertible portion unto ibcfiege. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
To Siege, v.a. [fieger, Fr. from the noun.] To befiege. A
word not now in ufe.
Him he had long oppreft with tort,
And fall imprifoned in figged fort. Fairy gfucen.
Sieve, n.f. [fromfift.] Hair or lawn (trained upon a hoop,
by which flower is leparated from bran, or fine powder from
coarfe; a boulter; a fearce.
Thy counfel
Falls now. into my ears as profitlefs
As water in afieve. Shakefpeare.
In afieve I’ll thither fail.
And like a rat without a tail.
I’ll do—I’ll do—I’ll do. Shakefp. Macbeth.
An innocent found afieve, and prefently fell to (topping
the holes. L'Ejlrange.
If life funk through you like a leakyfieve,
Accufe yourfelf you Jiv’d not while you might, Dryden.
To SIFT. v. a. [pipean, Saxon; fiften, Dutch.]
1. To feparate by a fieve. -
In thefifing of fuch favour all that came out could not be
expeCted to be pure meal, but mult have a mixture of padar
and bran. JVotton.
2. To feparate; to part.
When yellow fands arefifted from below.
The glitt’ring billows give a golden (how. Dryden,
3. To examine ; to try.
We have fifted your objections againft thofe pre-eminences
royal. Hooker, Preface.
All which the wit of Calvin could from thence draw, by
Jifting the very utmoft fentence and fyllable, is no more than
that certain fpeeches feem to intimate, that all Chriftian
churches ought to have their elderlhips. Hooker.
I fear me, if thy thoughts werefifted.
The king thy fovereign is not quite exempt
From envious malice of thy (welling heart. Shak. Hen. VI.
As near as I could fift him on that argument. Shakefp.
Opportunity I here have had
To try thee, fift thee, and confefs have found thee
Proof againft all temptation as a rock
Of adamant. . Milton's Paradife Regain'd.
One would think, that every member who embraces with
vehemence the principles of either of thefe parties, had
thoroughlyfifted and examined them, and was fecretly con¬
vinced of their preference to thofe he rejeCts. Addifon.
Si'fter. n.f. [fromfift.] Hewhofifts.
Sig was ufed by the Saxons for victory: Eigbert, famous for
victory; Sigivard, victorious preferver; Sigard, conquering
temper : and almoft in the fame fenfe are Nicocles, Nicomyachus, Nicander, ViCtor, ViCtorinus, Vincentius, &c. Gib/on.
To Sigh. v.n. [pican, picetran, Saxon; fuchten, Dutch.]
To emit the breath audibly, as in grief.
I lov’d the maid I married; never man
Sigh'd truer breath. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
I’ll not be made a foft and dull-ey’d fool,
To (hake the head, relent, and figh, and yield
To Chriftian interceflors. Shake]. Merch. of Venice.
Hefighed deeply in hisfpirit, and faith, why doth this ge¬
neration feck after a fign ? Mar. viii. 12.
For the oppreflion of the poor, for thefighing of the needy
will I arife. Pf x”- 5-
Happier
/
S I G
Happier he,
Who feeks not pleafure through neceffity.
Than fuch as once on flipp’ry thrones were plac’d,
And chahng, figb to think themfelves are chas’d. Dryden.
The nymph too Jongs to be alone ;
Leaves all the fwains, and fighs lor one. Prior.
Thusfitghed he away the melancholy night, Arb. and Pope.
To Sjgh. v. a. To lament; to mourn. Not in ufe.
Ases to come, and men unborn,
Shall blefs her name, andftgh her fate. Prior.
Sich. n.f. [from the verb.] A violent and audible cmiffion of
the breath which has been long retained, as in fadnefs.
Full often has my heart fwoln with keeping my fighs imprifoned; full often have the tears I drove back from mine
eyes, turned back to drown my heart. Sidney.
Love is a fmoke rais’d with the fume offighs;
Being purg’d, a fire fparkling in lovers eyes. Shakefpeare.
What afigh is there ! The heart is forely charg’d. Shakefp.
Laughing, if loud, ends in a deepfigb', and all pleafures
have a fting in the tail, though they carry beauty on the
face. ^ Taylor.
In Venus’ temple, on the fides were feen
Muingfighs, that fmok’d along the wall. Dryden.
SIGHT, n.f. [geyi^e, Saxon; ficht, gefecht, Dutch.]
1. Perception by the eye; the fenfe of feeing.
If bees go forth right to a place, they muft needs have
Bacon.
O Iofs of fight, of thee I moft complain !
Blind among enemies, O worfe than chains.
Dungeon or beggary, decrepit age ! Milton’s Agonijles.
Things invifible to mortalfight. Milton.
’Tis ftill the fame, although their airy fhape
All but a quick poetickfight efcape. Denham.
My eyes are fomewhat dimifh grown;
For nature, always in the right,
To your decays adapts myfight. Swift.
2. Open view; a fituation in which nothing obftru£ts the eye.
Undaunted Hotfpur
Brings on his army, eager unto fight,
And plac’d the fame before the king in fight. Daniel.
TEneas caft his wond’ring eyes around.
And all the Tyrrhene army had in fight.
Stretch’d on the fpacious plain from left to right. Dryden.
I met Brutidius in a mortal fright;
He’s dipt for certain, and plays leaft in fight. Dryd, Juven.
3. ASH of feeing or beholding.
Nine things tofight required are ;
The pow’r to fee, the light, the vifible thing.
Being not too fmall, too thin, too nigh, too far.
Clear fpace and time, the form diftind to bring. Davies.
Mine eye purfu’d him ftill, but under fhade
Loftfight of him. Milton's Paradife Lofi, b. iv.
What form of death could him affright,
Who unconcern’d, with ftedfaftfight.
Could view the furges mounting fteep.
And monfters rolling in the deep ! Dryden s Horace.
Having little knowledge of the circumftances of thofe St.
Paul writ to, it is not ftrange that many things lie concealed
to us, which they who were concerned in the letter underderftood at fir&fight. Locke.
4. Notice; knowledge.
It was writ as a private letter to a perfon of piety, upon
an affurance that it fhould never come to any one’sfight but
her own. p^ake.
5. Eye; inftrument of feeing.
From the depth of hell they lift theirfight,
And at a diftance fee fuperior light. Dryden.
6. Aperture pervious to the eye, or other point fixed to guide
the eye: as, the fights of a quadrant.
1 heir armed ftaves in charge, their beavers down,
Their eyes of fire fparkling through fights of fteel. Shakefp.
7. Spedtacle ; fhow ; thing wonderful to be feen.
Thus are my eyes ftill captive to onefight;
Thus all my thoughts are Haves to one thought ftill. Sidney.
1 hem feem’d they never faw a fight fo fair
Of fowls fo lovely, that they fure did deem
Them heavenly born. Spr
Not an eye
But is a-weary of thy common fight.
Save mine, which hath defil’d to fee thee more. Shakefp
Mofes faid, I will turn afide and fee this greatfight, why the
bufh is not burnt. * gx T
I took a felucca at Naples to carry me to Rome that I
might not run over the famefights a fecond time. ^Addifon.
Not proud Olympus yields a noblerfight.
Though gods aflembled grace his tow’ring height.
Than what more humble mountains offer here.
Where, in their bleftings, all thofe gods appear. Pope.
Before you pafs th’ imaginary fights
Of lords and earls, and dukes and garter’d knights,
While the fpread fan o’erfhades your clofing eyes,
Then give one flirt, and all the vifion flies. Pope.
7
S I G
Si'chted. adj. [from fight.] Seeing in a particular manner*
It is ufed only in compofmon, as qnickfighted,Jhortfghted.
As they might, to avoid the weather, pull the joints of the
coach up clofe, fo they might put each end down, and remain
as difcovered and openfighted as on horfeback. Sidney.
The king was very quickfighted in difcerning difficulties;
and raifing objections, and very flow in maftering them. Claren.
Si'chtfulness. n.f. [fromfight andfullJ Perfpicuity ; clearnefs of fight. Not in ufe.
But ftill, although we fail of perfect rightfulnefs.
Seek we to tame thefe childifh fuperfluities;
Let us not wink, though void of pureftfightfulnefs. Sidney.
Si'gh tless, adj. [fromfight.]
1. Wanting fight; blind.
The latent tracts, the giddy heights explore,
Of all who blindly creep, orfightlefs foar. Pope»
2. Not lightly ; offenfive to the eye; unpleafing to look at.
Full of unpleafing blots and fightlefs ftains,
Patch’d with foul moles, and eye-offending marks. Shak.
Si'ghtly. adj. [fromfight.] Pleafing to the eye; ftriking t®
the view.
It lies asfightly on the back of him.
As great Alcides fhews upon an afs. Shakefp. K. John.
Lheir having two eyes and two ears fo placed, is more
fightly and ufeful. More's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
A great many bravefightly horfes were brought out, and only
one plain nag that made fport. L’Efirange.
W e have thirty members, the moftfightly of all hermajefty’s
fubjefts: weele&ed a prefident by his height. Addsfan.
Si gil. n.f. [figillum, Latin.] Seal.
Sorceries to raife th’ infernal pow’rs,
And figils fram’d in planetary hours. Dryd. Knight's Tale.
Sign. n.f. [figne, French; fignum, Latin.]
1. A token of any thing; that by which any thing is fhown.
Signs muft refemble the things they fignify. Hooker.
Signs for communication may be contrived from any variety
of obje&s of one kind appertaining to either fenfe. Holder.
Fo exprefs the paffions which are feated in the heart by
outwardfigns, is one great precept of the painters, and very
d'wUu!t to Perform. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
When any one ufes any term, he may have in his mind a
determined idea which he makes it the fign of, and to which
he fhould keep it fteadily annexed. Locke.
2. A wonder; a miracle.
If they will not hearken to the voice of the firftfign, they
Will not believe the latterfign. j£x. iv. 8.
Cover thy face that thou fee not; for I have fet thee for a
fign unto Ifrael. Ezek. xii. 6.
Compell’d byfigns and judgments dire. Milton.
3. A picture hung at a door, to give notice what is fold within;
J found my mifs, ftruck hands, and pray’d him tell.
To hold acquaintance ftill, where he did dwell;
He barely nam’d the ftreet, promis’d the wine;
But his kind wife gave me the veryfign. Donne.
Underneath an alehoufe’ paltryfign. Shakefp. H. VI.
True forrow’s like to wine,
That which is good does never need afign. Suckling:
Wit and fancy are not employed in any one article fo much
as that of contrivingy^w to hang over houfes. Swift.
4. A monument; a memorial. J
The fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they
becamexxvi. 10.
5. A conltellation in the zodiack.
There ftay until the twelve celeftialfigns
Have brought about their annual reckoning. Shakefpeare.
Now did the fign reign, and the conftellation was come;
under which Perkin fhould appear. Bacon's Henry VII.
After ey’ry foe fubdu’d, the fun
Tllrice through thefigns his annual race fhall run. Dryden.
6. Note of refemblance.
7. Enfign.
The enfign of Meffiah blaz’d;
Aloft by angels borne, hisfign in heaven. Milton
8. Typical reprefentation; fymbol.
1 he holy fymbols orfigns are not barely fignificative ; but
what they reprefent is as certainly delivered to us as the fym¬
bols themfelves. Brerewood.
9. A fubfcription of one’s name: as, a fign manual.
To Sign. v. [figno, Latin.] Jg
1. To mark.
Youfign your place and calling in full feeming
With meeknefs and humility ; but your heart &
Is cramm’d with arrogancy. Shakefp. Henrv VIII
2. [Signer, French.] To ratify by hand or feal.
Be pleas’d to fign thefe papers : they are all
Of great concern !
3. To betoken; to fignify j to reprefent typically
1 he facraments and fymbols are juft fuch as they fccm:
"SSt.'i, given by a fign j1A;-'- a fign that gives notice. KS
The
S I G
The weary fun hath made a golden fet,
And, by the bright track of his firy car.
Givesfignal of a goodly day to-morrow. Shakejp. R. IllScarce the dawning day began to fpring,
As at afignal giv’n, the ftreets with clamours ring. Drydcn.
Si'gnal. adj. [fignal, French.] Eminent; memorable; re¬
markable.
He was efteemed more by the parliament, for the^w#/acts
of cruelty committed upon the Irifh. Clarendon.
The Thames frozen twice in one year, fo as men to walk
on it, is a veryfignal accident. _ , Swift.
Signa'lity. n.f [from fignal] Quality of fomething re¬
markable or memorable. . _
Of the ways whereby they enquired and determined itsJigndlity, the firft was natural, arifing from phyfical caufes. Brown.
It feems afignality in providence, in ere&ing your fociety in
fuch a juncture of dangerous humours. Glanv. ScepJ1 Pref.
To Si'gnalize. v. a. [fgnaler, French.] To make eminent;
to make remarkable.
Many, who have endeavoured to fignalize themfelves by
works of this nature, plainly difeover that they are not ac¬
quainted with the molt common fyftems of arts and fciences.
Addifon s Spectator.
Some one eminent fpirit, having fignalized his valour and
fortune in defence of his country, or by the pradfice of popu¬
lar arts at home, becomes to have great influence on the
. people. Swift.
Si'gnally. adv. [from fignal.'] Eminently; remarkably;
memorably.
Perfons fignally and eminently obliged, yet miffing of the
utmoft of their greedy defigns in fwallowing both gifts and
giver too, inftead of thanks for received kindneffes, have be¬
took themfelves to barbarous threatnings. South’s Sertnons.
Signa'tion. n.f. [fromfigno, Latin.] Sign given; adft of
betokening.
A horfefhoe Baptifta Porta hath thought too low a fgnation, he raifed unto a lunary reprefentation. Brown.
Signature, n.f. [fignature, Fr. fgnatura, fromfigno, Lat.]
1. A fign or mark impreffed upon anything; a ftamp ; a mark.
The brain being well furnifhed with various traces, fegnatures, and images, will have a rich treafure always ready to
be offered to the foul. Watts.
That natural and indelible fignature of God, which human
fouls, in their firft origin, are fuppofed to be ftampt with,
we have no need of in difputes againft atheifm. Bentley.
Vulgar parents cannot ftamp their race
With fignatures of fuch majeftick grace. Pope's Odyjfcy.
2. A mark upon any matter, particularly upon plants, by which
their nature or medicinal ufe is pointed out.
All bodies work by the communication of their nature, or
by the impreffion andfignatures of their motions : the diffusion
of fpecies vifible, feemeth to participate more of the former,
and the fpecies audible of the latter. Bacons Nat. Hijlory.
Some plants bear a very evident fignature of their nature
and ufe. More againjl Atheifm.
Seek out for plants, and fignatures,
To quack of univerfal cures. Hudibras.
Herbs are deferibed by marks and fignatures, fo far as to
diftinguilh them from one another. Baker on Learning.
3. Proof; evidence.
The moft defpicable pieces of decayed nature are curioufly
wrought with eminent fignatures of divine wifdom. Glanv.
Some rely on certain marks and fignatures of their ele&ion,
and others on their belonging to fome particular church or
pe(q. - Rogers's Sermons.
4. [Among printers.] Some letter or figure to diftinguilh dif¬
ferent fheets.
S^gnatu rist, n-/• [from fignature.^ One who holds the
doftrine of fignatures.
Signaturijls feldom omit what the ancients delivered, draw¬
ing unto inference received diftinftions. Brovjn.
Si'gnet. n.f [fignette, French.] A feal commonly ufed for
the feal-manual of a king.
I’ve been bold.
For that I knew it the moft gen’ral way.
To them to ufe yourfignet and your name. Shakef. Timon.
Here is the hand and feal of the duke : you know the cha¬
racter, I doubt not, and thefignet. Shakefp. Meaf.for Meaf.
Give thyfignet) bracelets, and ftaff. Gen. xxxviii. 18.
He delivered him his pdwcLttfignet. Knolles.
Pie knew my pleafure to difeharge his bands:
Proof of my life my royal fignet made,
Yet ftill he arm’d Dryden's Aurengzebe.
The impreffion of a fignet ring. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Significance. ) r rc r t -i
Sioni'ficancv. !”•/ [fromA'»/U
I. Power of fignifying; meaning.
Speaking is a fenfible expreffion of the notions of the mind
by diferiminations of utterance of voice, ufed as figns, having
by confent feveral determinate fignificancies. Holder.
If he declares he intends it for the honour of another, he
takes away by his words thefignificance of his adtion. Stillingfi.
S I G
2. Force; energy; power of imprefling the mind.
The clearnefs of conception and expreffion, the boldnefs
maintained to majefty, the fignificancy and foun o wor
not {trained into bombaft, mull efcape our tranhent view upon
the theatre. . c . Dr^
As far as this duty will admit of privacy, our ,-aviour at
enjoined it in terms of particularfignificancy and force. Atterb.
I have been admiring the wonderful fignificancy of at wor
perfecution, and what various interpretations it hat ac¬
quired. J *
3. Importance; moment; confequence.
How fatal would fuch a diftinction have proved in former
reigns, when many a circumftance of lefs fignificancy has been
conftrued into an overt a£t of high treafon ? Addifon.
SIGNIFICANT, adj. [fgnifiant, Fr. ftgnifcans, Latin.]
1. Expreffiveof fomething beyond the external mark.
Since you are tongue-ty’d, and fo loth to fpeak,
In dumb fignificants proclaim your thoughts. Shakef. H. VI.
2. Betokening; Handing as a fign of fomething.
It was well faid of Plotinus, that the liars werefignificant*
but not efficient. . Ralngs.
3. Expreffive or reprefentative in an eminent degree; forcible to
imprefs the intended meaning.
Whereas it may be objected, that to add to religious duties
fuch rites and ceremonies as zrefignificant, is to mftitute new
facraments. J £r‘
Common life is full of this kind of fi.nficant expreflions,
by knocking, beckoning, frowning, and pointing, an um
perfons are fagacious in the ufe of them. Holder on Speech.
The Romans joined both devices, to make the emblem the
morefignificant; as, indeed, they could not too much extol the
learning and military virtues of this emperor. aijon.
4. Important; momentous. A low word.
Signi'ficanily. adv. [fromfignificant ] With force of ex¬
preffion. r r -c
Chriftianity is known in Scripture by no name Sojtgmficantly as by the fimplicity of the Gofpel. South's Sermons.
Signification, n.f [Jignification, French; figmficatio, Latin;
fromfignify.]
1. The a£l of making known by figns. . .
A lye is properly a fpecies of injuftice, and a violation of
the right of that perfon to whom the falfe fpeech is directe ;
for ail fpeaking, orJignification of one’s mind, implies an act
or addrefs of one man to another. bouts.
2. Meaning exprefied by a fign or word. 4 .
An adjective requireth another word to be joined with him,
to Ihew hisfignificatim. _ Accidence.
Brute animals make divers motions to have [evexzAjigmpcations, to call, warn, cherilh, and threaten. _ Holder.
Significative, adj. [fignificatlf Fr. from fignify.]
1. Betokening by an external fign. . ,
The holy fymbols or figns are not barely figmficative, but
what by divine inftitution they reprefent and teftify unto our
fouls, is truly and certainly delivered unto us. Brerewood.
2. Forcible; ftrongly expreffive.
Neither in the degrees of kindred they were deftitute of
fignficative words; for whom we call grandfathei, they called
ealdfader; whom we call great-grandfather, they called thirdafac]er> Camden’s Remains.
Signi'ficatory. n.f. [from fignify.] That which figmfies
or betokens. , ,
Here is a double fignficatory of the fpirit, a word and a
% Taylor.
n. T •
To SFGNIFY. 21. <7. [fignificr, French ; figntfico, Latin.]
I. To declare by fome token or fign.
The maid from that ill omen turn’d her eyes.
Nor knew whatfignify d the boding fign.
But found the pow’rs difpleas’d. fr)dcn.
Thofe parts of nature, into which the chaos was divided,
theyfignified by dark and obfeure names; as the night, tartarus, and oceanus. Burnet s Theory of the Lat th.
2. To mean; to exprefs.
Life’s but a walking (hadow ; a poor player.
That ftruts and frets his hour upon the ftage.
And then is heard no more ! It is a tale,
Told by an ideot, full of found and fury.
Signifying nothing! _ Shakefpeares Macbeth.
Stephano, fignify
Within the houfe your miftrefs is at hand. Shakejpeare.
3.To import; to weigh. This is feldom ufed but inteno0a
tively, whatfignifies ? or with much, little, or nothing.
Though he° that fins frequently, and repents frequently,
gives reafon to believe his repentances before o
nothing; yet that is nothing to us. . ,
Whatfignifies the fplendor of courts, confidemT the a fti
attendances that go along with it ? famfv little to
He hath one way more, which althoug fy
men of fober reafon, yet unhappily bits U* fofp.c.ous humour
of men that governors have a defign to impofe. Till tjon.
If the firft of thefe fail, the power of Adam, were it never
fo great, will fignify nothing to the prefent focieties in jhe
world.
Locke.
What
S /
I L S I L
Whatfignifies the people’s confent in making and repealing
laws, if the perfon who adminifters hath no tie. Swift.
4. To make known.
I’ll to the king, and fignify to him, , •
That thus I have refign’d to you my charge, Shake]. A. ill.
He fent and fignified it by his angel unto John. Rev. i. r.
"l'he government fhould fignify to the proteftants of Ireland,
that want of filver is not to be remedied. Swift.
To Si'gnify. v. n. To exprefs meaning with force.
If the words be but comely and fignifying, and the fcnfe
o-entle, there is juicej but where that wanteth, the language is
thin. ’ ... Ben' Johnfon'
Si'gniory. n.f. [feignoria, Italian.] Lordlhip; dominion.
If ancient lorrow be moft reverent,
Give mine the benefit of figniory,
And let my griefs frown on the upper hand. Shake/. R. III.
At that time
Through all thefigniories it was the firft,
And Profpero the prime duke. Shakefp. Tempejl.
The earls, their titles and theirfigniories
They muft reftore again. Daniel?s Civil War.
My brave progenitors, by valour, zeal.
Gain’d thofe high honours, princelyfigniories,
And proud prerogatives. _ Wefi.
Si'gnpost. n.f \_fign and pofi.] That upon which a fign hangs.
He fhould fhare with them in the preferving
A fhed orfignpofi. Ben. Johnfon s Catiline.
This noble invention of our author’s hath been copied by fo
many fgnpofl dawbers, that now ’tis grown fulfome, rather
by their want of (kill than by the commonnefs. Drya’en.
Si'ker. adv. The old word for fure, oxfurely. Spenfer.
. Si'kerness. n.f [fromfiker.] Surenefs ; fafety.
Si'lence. n.f. [filence, French ; filentium, Latin.]
I. The flate of holding peaefc.
Unto me men gave ear, and waited and kept flence at my
counfel. Job xxlx. 21.
I fufFer not a woman to teach, nor to ufurp authority over
the man, but to be infilence. 1 Tim. 11. 12.
Firft to himfelf he inward filence broke. Milton.
1. Habitual taciturnity; not loquacity.
I think the belt grace of wit will fhortly turn into filence,
Anddifcourfe grow commendable in none but parrots. Shak.
3. Secrecy.
4. Stilnefs; not noife.
Here all their rage, and ev’n their murmurs ceafe,
And facredfilence reigns, and univerfal peace. Pope.
5. N<*t mention.
Thus fame fhall be atchiev’d.
And what moft merits fame in filence hid. Milton.
Si'lence. inter/ An authoritative reftraintof fpeech.
Sir, have pity ; I’ll be his furety.—
—Silence : one word more
Shall make me chide thee, if not hate thee. Shakefpeare.
To Si'lence. v.a. [from the noun] To ftillj to oblige to
hold peace.
We muft fuggeft the people, that to’s pow’r
He wou’d have made them mules,filenc'd their pleaders, and
Difpropertied their freedoms. Shakefpeare.
The ambaffador isfilenc’d. Shakefpeare's Hen. VIII.
Silence that dreadful bell ; it frights the ifle
From her propriety. Shakefpeare's Othello.
This palled as an oracle, and filenced thofe that moved
the queftion. Bacon s Hen. VII.
Thus could not the mouths of worthy martyrs be filenced,
•who being expofed unto wolves, gave loud exprefiions of their
faith, and were heard as high as heaven. Brown's Vulgar Err.
This would filence all further oppofition. Clarendon.
Since in dark forrow I my days did fpend,
I could notfilence my complaints. Denham.
Thefe dying lovers, and their floating fons,
Sufpend the fight and filence all our guns. Waller.
Had they duly confidered the extent of infinite knowledge
and power, thefe would have filenced their fcruples, and they
had adored the amazing myftery. Rogers's Sermons.
If it pleafe him altogether to filence me, fo that I fhall not
only fpeak with difficulty, but wholly be difabled to open my
mouth, to any articulate utterance j yet I hope he will give
me grace, even in my thoughts, to praife him. Wake.
The thund’rer fpoke, nor durft the queen reply ;
A reverend horror filenc'd all the fky. Pope's Iliad.
Si'lent. adj. [filens, Latin.]
1. Not fpeaking; mute.
O my God, I cry in the day time, and in the night feafon I am notfilent. Pfalms xxii. 2.
Silent, and in face
Confounded long they fat as ftricken mute. Milton.
Be notfilent to me: left if thou be filent, I become like
thofe that go down into the pit. Pfalms xxviii. 1.
2. Not talkative ; not loquacious.
Ulyffes, adds he, was the moft eloquent and moIk filent of
men; he knew that a word fpoken never wrought fo much good
as a word conceal’d. Notes on the OdyJJey.
3. Still; having no noife.
Deep night, dark night, the filent of the night.
The time of night when Troy was fet on fire.
The time when fcreech-owls cry, and ban-dogs howl. Shak.
Now is the pleafant time,
The cool, thefilent, fave where filence yields
To the night-warbling bird. Milton.
4. Wanting efficacy. I think an Hebraifm.
Second and inftrumental caufes, together with nature itfeif,
without that operative faculty which God gave them, would
becomey/iW, virtuelefs and dead. Raleigh s Hifiory.
The fun to me is dark*
And filent as the moon.
When fhe deferts the night,
Hid in her vacant interlunar cave.
5. Not mentioning.
This new created world, whereof in hell
Fame is notfilent.
Si'lently. adv. [fromfilent.]
1. Without fpeech.
When with one three nationsjoin to fight,
Theyfilently confefs that one more brave.
For me they beg, each filently
Demands thy grace, and feems to watch thy eye.
2. Without noife.
You to a certain victory are led ;
Your men all arm’d Hand filently within.
3. Without mention.
The difficulties remain ftill, till he can fhow who is meant
by right heir, in all thofe cafes where the prefent pofleffor hath
no fon: this ho.filently paffes over. Locke.
Sili'cious. adj. [from cilicium.] It fhould be therefore written
cilicious. Made of hair.
The filicious and hairy vefts of the ftricleft orders of friars,
derive their inftitution from St. John and Elias. Brown.
Siliculose. adj. [ filicula, Latin.] Hufky ; full of hufks. Dift.
Sili'ginose. adj. [filiginofus, Latin.] Made offine wheat. Dift.
Sl'LIS/UA. n.f [Latin ]
1. [With gold finers.] A carat of which fix make a fcruple.
2. [Si/ique, French, with botanifts.] The feed-veftel, hufk, cod,
or fhell of fuch plants as are of the pulfe kind. Didt.
Si'liquose. I adj. [from filiqua, Latin.] Having a pod, or
Si'liquous. ) capiula.
All the tetrapetalous filiquofe plants are alkalefcent. Arbuth.
Silk. n. f. [yeolc, Saxon.]
1. The thread of the worm that turns afterwards to a butterfly.
The worms were hallow’d that did breed the filk j
And it was dy’d in mummy, which the fkilful
Conferv’d of maiden’s hearts. Shakefpeare's Othello.
2. The fluff made of the worms thread.
Let not the creaking of fhoes, or ruftling of filks betray
thy poor heart to woman. Shakefpeare.
He caufed the fhore to be covered with Perfian filk for
him to tread upon. Knolles.
Without the worm, in Perfian filks we fhine. Waller.
SVlken. adj. [fromfilk.']
1. Made offilk.
Men counfel and give comfort to that grief
Which they themfelves not feel j but tailing it.
Their counfel turns to paffion, which before
Would give preceptial medicine to rage ;
Fetter ftrong madnefs in afilken thread ;
Charm ach with air, and agony with words. Shakefpeare.
Now, will we revel it
Withfilken coats, and caps, and golden rings, Shakefpeare.
She weeps,
And words addrefs’d feem tears diffolv’d,
» Wetting the borders of herfilken veil. Milton.
2. Soft; tender.
Full many a lady fair, in court full oft
Beholding them, him fecretly envide.
And wifht that two fuch fans, fofilken Toft,
And golden fair, her love would her provide. Spenfer.
All the youth of England are on fire,
And filken dalliance in the wardrobe lies. Shakefp. Hen. V.
For then the hills with pleafing fhades are crown’d.
And fleeps are lweeter on the filken ground. Dryden.
Drefs up virtue in all the beauties of oratory, and you will
find the wild paffions of men too violent to be reftrained by
fuch mild andfilken language. Watts's ImpYov. of the Mind.
3. Dreffed in filk.
1 Shall a beardlefs boy,
A cocker’d, filken wanton, brave our fields,
And flefh his fpirit in a warlike foil.
Mocking the air with colours idly fpread.
And find no check ? Shakefpeare's King John.
Silkme rcer. n.f. [filk and mercer.] A dealer in filk.
Silkwea yer. n.f. [filk and weaver.] Oi\e whofe trade is
to weave filken fluffs.
True Englifh hate your monfieurs paltry arts;
ror you afe all filk-weavers in your hearts. Dryden.
The Chinefe are ingeniousfilk-weavers. Watts.
24 C Si'lkworm,
Milton.
Milton.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Dryden.
S 1 L S I M
Si'lkworm. n.f. [frik and worm.'] The worm that fpins filk.
Grafliopp.ers eat up the green of whole countries, and filkwortns devour leaves fwiftly. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Broad were the banners, and of tnowy hue,
A purer web the filk-wonn never drew. Dryden.
Si'i.ky. adj. [frontJilk.]
1. Made of filk.
2. Soft; pliant.
Thefe kind of knaves, in plainnefs.
Harbour more craft, and more corrupter ends
Than twenty filky ducking obfervants,
That flretch their duties nicely. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
Sill. n.f. [ yy\, Sax. fueil, French ; full?, Dutch; Julgan, to
found, Gothick.] The timber or ftone at the foot of the door.
The farmer’s goofe,
Grown fat with corn and fitting {fill.
Can fcarce get o’er the barn-doorJill:
And hardly waddles forth. Swift.
Si'li.aeub. n.f [This word has exercifed the etymologifts.
Minfhew thinks it corrupted from fwillingbubbles. Junius
omits it. LJenJhaw, whom Skinner follows, deduces it from
the Dutch Julie, a pipe, and buyck, a paunch ; becaufefil abubs are commonly drunk through a fpout, out of a jug with
a large belly. It feems more probably derived from efil, in old
Englilh vinegar, efil a bouc, vinegar for the mouth, vinegar
made pleafant.] Curds made by milking upon vinegar.
Joan takes her neat rubb’d pail, and now
She trips to milk the fand-red cow ;
Where, for fome flurdy foot-ball Twain,
Joan ftrokes a fiilabub or twain. JVotton.
A fcaft.
By fome rich farmer’s wife and fitter drett,
Might be refembled to a fick man’s dream,
Where all ideas huddling run fo faft,
That fiilabubs come firtt, and foups the laft. King.
Si'llily. adv. [fromfilly.] In a filly manner ; fimply; foolifhly.
I wonder, what thou and I
Did, till we lov’d ? were we not wean’d till then.
But fuck’d on childifh pleafuresfillily ?
Or flumber’d we in the feven fleepers den ? Donne.
We are caught asfillily as the bird in the net. VEjlrange.
Do, do, look fillily, good colonel; ’tis a decent melan¬
choly after an abfolute defeat. Dry den s Spanijh briar.
Si'lliness. n.f [ixomfilly.] Simplicity; weaknefs; harmlefs folly.
The fillynefs of the perfon does not derogate from the dig¬
nity of his character. L Ejlrange.
Si'llY. adj. [feiig, German. Skinner.']
r. Harmlefs; innocent; inoffenfive ; plain; artlefs.
2. Weak; helplefs.
After long ftorms,
In dread of death and dangerous difmay.
With which my filly bark was totted lore,
I do at length defery the happy fhore. Spenfer.
3. Foolilh ; witlefs.
Perhaps their loves, or elfe their fheep,
Was that did theirfilly thoughts fo bufy keep. Milton.
The meanett fubje&s cenfure the a&ions of the greateft
prince ; the Jillieft fervants, of the wifett matter. Temple.
I have no difeontent at living here; befides what arifes
from afilly fpirit of liberty, which I refolve to throw off. Swift.
Such parts of writings as are ttupid ox filly, falfe or mittaken, fhould become fubjeHs of occattonal criticifm. Watts.
Sillyhow. n.f. [Perhaps from yehg, happy, and peopr, the
head.] The membrane that covers the head of the foetus.
Great conceits are raifed, of the membranous covering
called the fi.lyiow, fometimes found about the^heaus of chil¬
dren upon their birth. Brown s Vulgar Err outs.
Silt. n.f. Mud ; llime.
Several trees .of oak and fir ftand in firm earth below
the moor, near Thorny, in all probability covered by inunda¬
tion, and theJilt and moorifh earth exaggerated upon them.Hale.
SpLvaN. adj. [fromfilva, Latin.] Woody; lull ol woods.
Betwixt two row> of rocks, afilvan feene
Appears above, and groves for ever green. Dryden.
Si'lver. n.f [peolpep, Saxon ; filva, Dutch.]
1. Silver is a white and hard metal, next in weight to
add. Watts s Logick.
to
2. Any thing of foft fplendour.
Pallas, piteous of her plaintive cries,
In (lumber clos’d herfilverAkreaming eyes. Pope.
3. Money made of filver.
Si'lver. adj.
1. Made of filver.
Put my filver cup in the fack’s mouth. Gen. xhv. 2.
Hence had the huntrefs Dian her dread bow,
Fair//7wr-lhafted queen for ever chattc. Milton.
1 hey/ttfr-fhafted goddels of the place. Popes Odyjjey.
White like filver.
Of all the race ofJ/iW-winged flies
Was none more favourable, nor more fair,
'] han Clarion. Spenfer.
Old Salifbury, fhame to thyfilver hair,
Thou mad mifleader of thy brain-fick fon.
The great in honour are not always wife,
Nor judgment underfilver trefies lies.
Others on filver-lakes and rivers bath’d
Their downy breaft.
3. Having a pale luftre.
So fweet a kifs the golden fun gives not
To thofe frefh morning drops upon the rofe.
As thy eye beams, when their frefh rays have fmote
T he night of dew that on my cheeks down flows;
Nor fhines thefilver moon one half fo bright,
Through the tranfpaient bofom of the deep.
As doth thy face through tears ofmine give light. Shakefipearc.
4. Soft of voice. I his phrafe is Italian, voce argentma.
From all their groves, which with the heavenly noifes.
Of their fweet inftruments were wont to found,
And th’ hollow hills, from which their filver voices
"Were wont redoubled ecchoes to rebound,
Did now rebound with nought but rueful cries.
And yelling fhrieks thrown up into the Ikies. Spenfer.
It is my love that calls upon my name,
Howfilver fweet found lovers tongues by night,
Like fofteft mufick to attending ears. Shakefpeare.
To Si'lver. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover fuperficially with filver.
There be fools alive, I wis,
Silver’d o’er, and fo was this. Shakefpeare.
The fplendour of filver is more pleafing to fome eyes, than
that of gold ; as in cloth of filver, and filver’d rapiers. Bacon.
Silvering will fully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.
A gilder fhewed me a rin2filver’d over with mercurial fumes,
which he was then to reftore to its native yellow. Boyle.
2. To adorn with mild luttre.
Here retir’d the finking billows fleep.
And fmiling calmnefsfilver’d o’er the deep. Pepe.
SPlverbeater. n.f. [filver and beat.] One that foliates filver.
Silver beaters chufe the fineft coin, as that which is moft extenfive under the hammer. Boyle.
Si'lverling. n. f
A thoufand vines, at a thoufandfilverlings, fhall be for briars
and thorns. Ijaiah vii. 23.
Si'lverly. adv. [from filver.] With the appearance of fil¬
ver.
Shakefpeare.
Sandys.
Milton.
Let me wipe off this honourable dew
That filverly doth progrefs on thy cheeks. Shakefpeare.
Si'lversmith. n. f. [filver and fmith.] One that works in
filver.
Demetrius afilverfmith, made fbrines for Diana. Atts xix.
Sl LVERTHlSTLE. > ,
Silverweed. 5
Si lvertree. n.f. [conocarpodendron, Latin.] A plant.
The leaves throughout the year are of a fine filver colour;
it hath an apetalous flamineous flower, which is furrounded
by a number of long leaves immediately under the flower-cup,
which confifts of five narrow leaves; thefe are fucceeded by
cones, in fhape like thofe of the larchtree; the feeds are each
of them included in a fquare cell.. Miller.
SiTVERY. adj. [from filver.] Befprinkled with filver.
A gritty ftone, with fmall fpangles of a whitefivery talc
in it. Woodward on FcJJils.
Of all th’ enamel’d race whofefilv’ry wing
Waves to the tepid zephyrs of the fpring.
Once brighteft Ihin’d this child of heat and air. Dunciad.
Si'mar. n.f. [fimarre, French.] A woman’s robe.
The ladies drefs’d in rich fimars were feen.
Of Florence fattin, flower’d with white and green. Dryden.
Si milar. \a(pf [(milaire, French; from fimilis, Latin.]
Si milary. S -
u Homogeneous; having one part like another.
Minerals appear to the eye to be perfedtlyfimilar, as metals;
or at leaft to confift but of two or three diftindt ingredients,
as cinnabar. Boyle.
2. Refembling; having refemblance.
The laws of England, relative to thofe matters, were the
original and exemplar from whence thofe fimilar or parallel
laws of Scotland were derived. Hale’s Hijl. ofCom. Law ofEn.
Similarity, n.f. [fromfimilar.] Likenels.
The blood and chyle are intimately mixed, and by attri¬
tion attenuated ; by which the mixture acquires a greater de¬
gree of fluidity and fimilarity, or homogeneity of parts.
Si'mile. n.f. [fimilc, Latin.] A comparifon by which any
thing is illuftrated or aggrandized.
Their rhimes.
Full of proteft, of oath, and big compare, ,
Want Liles. Shakefpeare s Troilus and Creffiaa.
Luceutio flip’d me, like his greyhound,
Which runs himfelf, and catches tor his matter :
A good fwift fa*1** but foincthing currilh. Shakefpeare.
b In
C
2
S I M
In argument*
Simi’es are like kings in loyc,
They much defcribe} they nothing prove. Prior.
Poets, to give a loofe to a warm fancy, not only expatiate
jin their fivftles, but introduce them too frequently. Garth.
' uok. a. f. [fimilitude, French ; fimilitudoy Latin.J
1. Likenefs; refemblance.
Similitude of fubflance would caufe attraction, where the
body is wholly treed from the motion of gravity ; for then lead
would draw lead. Bacon’s Natural Hifiory.
Our immortal fowls, while righteous, are by God himfelf
beautified with the title of his own image andfimilitude. Ral.
Let us make man in our imP-ge, man
In ourfimi iiitde, and let them r.ule
Over the filh and fowl. Milton.
Similitude to the Deity was not regarded in the things they
gave divine worfhip to, and looked on as fymbols of the
god they worfhipped. Stillingfieet.
If we compare the pidlure of a man, drawn at the years
of feventeen, with that of the fame perfon at the years of
fhreefcore, hardly the leaf! trace orfimilitude of one face can
be found in the other. South's Sermons.
Fate fome future bard {ball join,
In fad fimilitude of griefs to mine,
Condemn’d whole years in abfence to deplore,
And image charms he mull behold no more. Pope.
2. Comparifon ; fimile.
Plutarch, in the firfr of his tradlates, by fundry fimilitudes,
(hews us the force of education. Wo!ton.
TafiTo, in idsfimilitudes, never departed from the woods ;
that is, all his comparifons were taken from the country. Dryd.
Si'mitar. n. J. [See Ci'meter.] A crooked or falcated
fword with a convex edge.
TcT Si mmer, v. n. [A word made probably from the found,
but written by Skinner, fimber.] To boil gently ; to boil
with a gentle hilling.
Place a veflel in warm fand, increafing the heat by de¬
grees, till the fpirit fmmer or boil a little. Boyle.
Their vital heat and moiflure may always not onlyfimber
in one fiuggifh tenour, but fometimes boil up higher, and
feeth over ; the fire of life being more than ordinarily kind¬
led upon fome emergent occafion.
More’s Antidote againft Atheifn.
Si'mnel. [n.f. [fimnellus, low Latin.J A kind of fweet bread
or cake.
Simon Pack. n. ft [fitmoniaque., French ; fimoniacus, Latin.]
One who buys or fells preferment in the church.’
If the billiop alleges that the perfon prefented is a fimonisc, or unlearned, they are to proceed to trial. Aftiffe.
Simoni'acal. adj. [fromfimoniac.] Guilty of buying or fell¬
ing ecclpfiaftical preferment.
Add to your criminals theftmoniacal ladies, who feduce the
facred order into the difficulty of breaking their troth. Spefi.
Si mony, n. ft [frnonie, French;finmnia, Latin.] The crime of
buying or felling church preferment.
One that by fuggeftion
Tied all the kingdom ; fimony was fair play,
Kis own opinion was his law. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Many papers remain in private hands, of which one is of
fimony; and I wifn the world might fee it, that it might un¬
deceive fome patrons, who think they have difcharged that
great trull to God and man, if they take no money for a
living, though it may be parted with for other ends lefs juflifiable. , Waltons Life ofBifop SanderJon.
No fimony nor finecure is known ;
There works the bee, no honey for the drone. Garth.
To Simper, v. n. [from yymbelan, Saxon, to keep holiday,
Skinner. He derives fmmer from the fame word, and con¬
firms his etymology by writing it fimber. It is perhaps de¬
rived from fimrner, as it may feem to imitate the dimples of
water gently boiling.] 1 o fmile; generally to fmile foolifhJy.
A made countenance about her mouth between fimpering
and finding, her head bowed fimewhat down, feemed to languifh with over much idienefs. Sidney.
I charge you, O men, for the love you bear to women, as
I perceive by yourfimpering none of you hate them, to like
as much as pleafes them. Shakefpeare's Asyou like it.
Stars abovefimper and fbine.
As having keys unto thy love, while poor I pine. Herbert.
Let then the fair one beautifully cry,
Drefl in fmiles of fweet Cecilia fhine,
Withfimp'ring angels, palms and harps divine. Pope.
Si'mper. n J. [from the verb.] Smile; generally a foolifii
fmile.
The wit at his elbow' Hared him in the Lee, with fo be¬
witching a grin, that the whiftler relaxed his fibres into a
kind offimper, and at length burl! out into an open laugh. Add.
Great Tibbald nods: the proud Parnaffian fneer.
The confcious fimper, and the jealous leer,
Mix on his look. Pope's Dunciacl.
S I M
SiMPLE. adj. [fimplex, Latin;fimple, French.]
1. Plain; artlefs; unfkilled; undefigning; fincere; harmjefs.
Were it not to fatisfy the minds of thefimpler fort of men,
•thefe nice curiofities are not worthy the labour which we be¬
llow to anfwer them. Hooker.
They meet upon the way,
A fimple hufbandman in garments grey. Halberd's Tale*
I am a fimple woman, much too weak
T’ oppofe your cunning. Shakefpeure's Hen. VIII.
O Ethelinda,
My heart wras made to fit and pair with thine,
Simple and plain, and fraught with artlefi tendernefs. Pwe.
2. Uncompounded; unmingleJ ; fingle; only one; plain; not
complicated.
To make the compound pafs for the rich metal fimple, 19
an adulteration or counterfeiting. Bacon.
Simple philofophically fignifies fingle, but vulgarly foolifh.
Watts.
Among fubflanees fome are called fimple, fome compound,
whether taken in a philofophical or vulgar fenfe. Watt .
If we fakefimple and compound in a vulgar fenfe, then all
thofe are fimple fubflanees which are generally efleemed uni¬
form in their natures : fo every herb is called afimple, and
every metal a mineral; though the chymifl perhaps may find
all his feveral elements in each of them. Watts's Logicks*
Let Newton, pure intelligence, whom God
To mortals lent, to trace his boundlefs works,
From laws, fublimcly fimple, fpeak thy fame
In all philofophy. Th.nfion s Summer.
3. Silly ; not wife ; not cunning.
The fimple believeth every word; but the prudent man
looketb well to his going. ’ Prcv. xv.
1 would have you wife unto that which is good, and fimple
concerning evil. Ronu xvp jg;
Dick, fimple odes too many Ihow
My ferviie complaifance to Cloe. Prior.
SiMTLE- n.J. [fimple, French.] A fingle ingredient in a medi¬
cine ; a drug. It is popularly ufed for an herb.
Of fimples in thefe groves that grow,
We’ll learn the perfedl fkill;
The nature of each herb to know,
Which cures, and which can kill. Drayton's J^. ofCynthia*
Our fofler nurfe of nature is repofe,
'The which he fecks ; that to provoke in him,
Are many fimples operative, whofe power
Will ciofe the eye of anguifh. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
He would ope his leathern ferip,
And fhew me fimples of a thoufand names,
Telling their flrange and vigorous faculties Milton,
What virtue is in this remedy lies in the naked fimple itfelf,
as it comes over from the Indies. Temple.
Around its entries nodding poppies grow.
And all coolfimples that fweet reft beflow;
Night from the plants their fleepy virtue drains,
And paffing, fheds it on the fiient plains. Dryden.
Med’cine is mine : what herbs and fimples grow
In fields and forefls, all their pow’rs I know, *
And am the great phyfician call’d. Drydrn.
To Simple, v. n. To gather fimples.
As once the foaming boar he chas’d,
Lafcivious Circe well the youth furvey’d.
Asfimpling on the flow’ry hills he flray’d. Garth.
Si'mpless. n.f. [fimplefie, French.] Simplicity; fillinefs; folly.
An obfolete word. »
Their weeds been not fo nighly were.
Suchfimplefie mought them fhend.
They been yclad in purple and pall,
They reign and rulen overall. Spenfer’s Pafiorals.
Simple n ess. n.f. [fromfimple,] The quality of beingfimple.
I will hear that play:
For never any thing can be amifs.
When fimplenefis and duty tender it. Shakefpeare.
Such perfect elements may be found in thefe four known
bodies that we call pure ones ; for they are leafl compounded
and approach mofl to the fimplenefs of the elements. Digby.
Simple^, n.f [fromfimple.] A fimplift. An herbarifl.
Si'mpeeton. n.f [from fimple.] A filly mortal; a trifier • a
foolifii fellow. A low word.
A country farmer fent his man to look after an ox; the
fimpleton went hunting up and down till he found him in a
wood, L'Efl
Thofe letters may prove a diferedit, as lafling as mercenary
fcribblers, or curious fimpletons can make it. p J
SlMPu'dTY. n f. [fimplicitas, Latin; J,implicite, French.1
I. Plainnefs; artleffncfs ; not fubtilty ; not cunning; not deceit
1 he fweet-minded Philqclea was in their degree of weU
of virtue^ I,T n kn°Wil?§ °f CVil f£rVeth a ground
r °. cir invViird powers in better form, with
‘ . ^ than many who rather cunningly feek
1 ow w at goot nefs is, than willingly take unto themfelves the following of it. “ ' Sidney.
In
S I N
In lowfimplicity,
lie lends out money gratis, and brings down
The rate of ufance. ,
Marquis Dorfet, a man for his hzrm\e(s fimplicity,, neiner
miftiked nor much regarded, was created Duke. .aywooc.
Sufpicion fleeps
At wifdom’s gate, and to /implicit)/
Refigns her charge. n. .
Of manners gentle, of affedhons mil ,
In wit a man, fimplicity a child. °teBeauty is their own.
The feeling heart, fimplicity of life,
And ehgance and tafte. mf°n s Summer.
The native elegance andfimplicity of her manners, were ac¬
companied With real benevolence of heart. Female Quixote.
2. Plainnefs; not fubtilty ; not abftrufenefs.. <
They keep the reverendfimplicity of ancienter times, Hookes.
Thole enter into farther fpeculations herein, which is the
itch of curiofity, and content not themfelves with ihtfiimplicity of that dodtrine, within which this church hath con¬
tained herfelf. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
3. Plainnefs; not finery. , , r . _ c
They reprefent our poet, when he left Mantua for Rome,
dreffed in his beft habit, too fine for the place whence he came,
and yet retaining part of itsfimplicity. Dryden.
a. Singlenefs; not compofition; ftate of being Uncompounded.
Mandrakes afford a papaverous and unpleafant odour in the
leaf or apple, as is difcoverable in theirfimplicity and mixture.
Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
We are led to conceive that great machine of the world, to
have been once in a ftate of greaterfimplicity than now it is, as
to conceive a watch once in its firft and fimple materials.Burnet.
c* Weaknefs; fillinefs. , , r
Many that know what they fhould do, would nevertheless
difl'emble it, and to excufe themfelves, pretend ignorance and
fimplicity, which now they cannot. _ .
How long ye fimple ones will ye love fimplicity ? and fools
hate knowledge? Prov.i. 22.
Si mplist, n.f [from fimple.] One fkfiled in fimples.
A plant fo unlike a rofe, it hath been miftaken by fome good
fmplijls for amomum. Brown s Vulg. Ftrours.
Si'mply. adv. [from fimple.]
1. Without art; without fubtlety; plainly; artleisly.
Accomplifhing great things by things deem d wea^;
Subverting worldy ftrong and worldly wife,
By fimply meek. Milton s Parachfe Loj .
2. Of itfelf; without addition.
This queftion about the changing of laws concerneth only
fuch laws as are pofitive, and do make that now good or evil,
by being commanded or forbidden, which otherwife of itfelf
were not fimply the one or the other. Hooker,
i. Merely; folely.
Under man, no creature in the world is capable of felicity
and blifs; becaufe their chiefeft perfection confifteth in that
which is beft for them, but not in that which isfimply beft, as
i.i Hooker.
ours doth.
I will eat and drink, and fleep as foft
As captain fhall; fimply the thing I am
Shall make me live. „ . . Shakefpeare.
To fav, or to do ought with memory and imitation, no purpofe or refped fhould fooner move us, thanfimply the love of
God and of mankind. Milton.
4. Foolifhly; fillily. . , ( .
Si'mular. n.f. [from fimulo, Latin.] One that counterfeits.
Hide thee, thou bloody hand.
Thou perjurer, thou fmular of virtue, _
That art inceftuous. Shakefpeare s King Lear.
Simulation, n.f. [fimulation, French ; fmulatio from fimulo,
Latin.] That part of hypocrify which pretends that to be
which is not. , . .r r c
Simulation is a vice rifing of a natural falfenefs, or fearfulnefs; or of a mind that hath fome main faults; which
becaufe a man muft needs difguife, it maketh him praaile
f • l tion Bacon.
For the unqueftionable virtues of her perfon and mind,
he well expreffed his love in an aft and time of no funulation towards his end, bequeathing her all his manfion houies,
and a power to difpofe of his whole perfonal eftate. IVotton.
For diftintftion fake, a deceiving by word is commonly
called a lie; and deceiving by actions, geftures, or behavi¬
our, is called fimulation or hypocrify. _ iiermons'
Simultaneous, adj. [ fimidtaneus, Latin.] Acang toge¬
ther ; exifting at the fame time.
If the parts may all change places at the fame time, with¬
out any refpedt of priority or pofteriority to each other s
motion, why may not bullets, clofely crouded in a box,
move by a like mutual and fimultaneous exchange ? Glanville.
SlN. n.f [l7n> Saxon.]
j y\n againft the laws of God; a violation of the laws or
religion.
How haft thou the heart.
Being a divine, a ghoftly confeffor,
4
S I N
A fin abfolver, and my friend profeft, ^
To mangle me with that word banifhment. . Shalejpeare.
But thofe that fieep, and think not on theirfins.
Pinch them. Shakefpeare s Merry Wives of Ik tndfor.
Thou knoweft, Lord, that I am pure from all fin..with
man. Tob.m. 14.
2. Habitual negligence of religion.
Sin, death, and hell, have fet their marks upon him.
And all their minifters attend on him. Shakefpeare.
Difhoneft fhame
Of nature’s Works: honour uifhonourahle ! _
5/«-bred ! how have ye troubled all mankind ? Milton.
Is there no means, but that a fmT\ick land
Should be let blood with fuch a boift’rous hand ? Daniel.
Vice or virtue chiefly imply the relation of our actions to
men in this world : fin and holinefs rather imply their relation
to God and the other world. Watts’s I^ogicK.
Light from her thought, as fummer’s carelefs robe.
Fell each affeeftion of thisfin-worn globe. Brooke.
3. It is ufed by Shakefpeare emphatically for a man enormoufly
wicked.
Thy ambition,
Thou fcarlet fin, robb’d this bewailing land
Of noble Buckingham. Shakefpeare s Henry VIIU
To Sin. v. n. [from the noun.] _
1. To neglect the laws of religion ; to violate the laws of reli¬
gion.
Stand in awe and fin not. PJa>ms iv.4.
Many alfo have perilh’d, err’d, andfinriVS. for women. Efdr.
He (hall afk, and he {hall give him life for them thatfin not
unto death. 1 j°hn v- *6.
2. To offend againft right.
I am a man,
More finrid againft than finning. Shakefpeare.
And who but wifhes to invert the laws
Of order, fins againft th’ eternal caufe. Pope s EJfay on Man.
Si'nworm. n.f \_fin and worm.'] A vile finful creature.
I would not foil thefe pure ambrofial weeds.
With the rank vapours of the fin-worn mould. Milton.
Since, adv. [formed by contraction from fthence, or filth
thence, from ffSe, Saxon.J
1. Becaufe that. .
Since the cleareft difeoveries we have of other fpirits, befides God and our own fouls, are imparted by revelation,
the information of them fhould be taken from thence. Locke*
Since truth and conftancy are vain.
Since neither love, nor fenfe of pain.
Nor force of reafon can perfuade.
Then let example be obey’d. Granville.
2. From the time that.
Am not I thine afs, upon which thou haft ridden everfinct
I was thine unto this day ? JSumb. xxii. 30.
He is the moft improved mind fince you faw him, that ever
was, without fhifting into a new body. Pope.
3. Ago; before this.
About two yearsfince, it fo fell out, that be was brought
to a great lady’s houfe. Sidney.
Spies held me in chafe, that I was forc’d to wheel
Three or four miles about; elfe had I, fir.
Half an hour fince, brought my report. Shakefp. Conolanut.
A law was made no longer fince than the twenty eighth of
Henry the eighth. Davies sHifi. ofIre,and.
How many agesfince has Virgil writ ? Roscommon.
Since, prepofition. After ; reckoning from fome time pall to the
time prefent.
He fince the morning hour fet out from heav n. Milton.
If fuch a man arife, I have a model by which he may build a
nobler poem than any extant fince the ancients. Dryden.
Since're. adj. [fitneeru<, Latin ; fincere, French.]
1. Unhurt; uninjured.
He try’d a tough well chofen fpear;
Th’ inviolable body floodfincere. Dryden.
2. Pure; unmingled.
Pardon my tears, ’tis joy which bids them flow:
A joy which never wasfincere till now;
That which my conqueft gave, I could not prize,
Or ’twas imperfeift till I faw your eyes. Dryden.
The pleafures of fenfe beafts tafte fincere and pure always,
without mixture or allay, without being diftradled in thepurfuit, or difquieted in the ufe of them. _ Jttpbury.-
Animal fubftances differ from vegetable, in that being re¬
duced to aflies, they are perfectly infipid, and in that there
is no fincere acid in any animaljuice. Ai but not on j vnents.
3. Honeft; undiffembling; uncorrupt.
This top proud fellow.
Whom from the flow of gall I name not, but
From fincere motions by intelligence
I do know to be corrupt. Shakefpeare s Hen. \ III.
Nor troubled at thefe tidings from the earth.
Which yourfincerejl care could not prevent;
Foretold fo lately what would come to pafs.
When firft this temper crofs’d the gulf tre m hell. Muton.
in
S I N
In Enolifli I would have all Gallicifms avoided, that our
tongue may befincere, and that we may keep to our own lan¬
guage. Felton on the Clajficks.
Since'rf.ly. adv. [fromfincere.] Honeftly; without hypocrify ;
with purity of heart. .... . „ _
The purer and perfeCIer our religion is, the worthier effects
it hath in them who ftedfaftly andfmcerely embrace it. Hooker.
That you may, fair lady,
Perceive I fpeak fmcerely, the king’s majefty
Does purpoie honour to you. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
In your whole reafoning, keep your mind fmcerely intent in
the purfuit of truth. Watts's Logick.
Since'reness. lnr [fincerite, French; from fincere.]
Sincerity. 3 . . J
i Honefty of intention; purity of mind.
JefusChrift has purchafed for us terms of reconciliation,
who will accept of fmcerity inftead of perfection ; but then this
fmcerity implies our honeft endeavours to do our utmoft. Rogers.
2. Freedom from hypocrify.
In thy confort ceafe to fear a foe;
For thee fhe feelsfmcerity of woe. Pope's Odyjfey.
Si'ndon. n f [Latin.] A fold ; a wrapper.
There were found a book and a letter, both written in fine
parchment, and wrapped infindons of linen. Paeon.
SFNE. n.f. [fimus, Latin.] A right fine, in geometry, is a
right line drawn from one end of an arch perpendicularly upon
the diameter drawn from the other end of that arch; or it is
half the chord of twice the arch. Harris.
Whatever inclinations the rays have to the plane of inci¬
dence, thefine of the angle of incidence of every ray, confidered apart, fhall have to the fine of the angle of refraCtion a
conftant ratio. Cheynes Phil. Princ.
Si'necure. n.f. [fine, without, and cura, care, Latin.] An
office which has revenue without any employment.
Afinecure is a benefice without cure of fouls. Ayliffe.
No fymony nor finecure were known.
Nor would the bee work honey for the drone. Garth.
SI'NEW. n.f [ penpe, Saxon; fenewen, Dutch.]
1. A tendon ; the ligament by which the joints are moved.
The torrent roar’d, and we did buffet it
With lufty finews. Shakefp:Julius Cafar.
The rooted fibres rofe, and from the wound
Black bloody drops diftill’d upon the ground :
Mute and amaz’d, my hair with terror flood ;
Fear fhrunk myfinews, and congeal’d my blood. Dryden.
Afinew cracked, feldom recovers its former ftrength. Locke.
2. Applied to whatever gives ftrength or compaCtnefs: as, money
is thefinews of war. > *
Some otherfinews there are, from which that overplus of
ftrength in perfuafion doth arile. Hooker.
Such difeouraging of men in the ways of an active con¬
formity to the church’s rules, cracks th&finews of government;
for it weakens and damps the fpirits of the obedient. South.
In the principal figures of a picture the painter is to em¬
ploy the finews of his art; for in them confifts the principal
beauties of his work. Dryden's DufreJ'noy.
3. Mufcle or nerve.
The feeling pow’r, which is life’s root,
Through ev’ry living part itfelf doth filed
Byfinews, which extend from head to foot;
And, like a net, all o’er the body fpread. Davies.
To Sinew, v. a. [from the noun.J 7’o knit as by finews.
Not in ufe.
Afk the lady Bona for thy queen ;
So (halt thou'finew both thefe lands together. Shak. II.VI.
Si'newed. adj. [fromfinew.]
1. Furnifhed with finews.
Strongfinew d was the youth, and big of bone. Dryden.
2. Strong; firm; vigorous.
He will the rather do it, when he fees
Ourfelves wellfinewed to our defence. Shakef. King John.
Si'sewshrunk. adj. [finew and Jhrunk.] A horfe is Laid to
be finewjhrunk when he has been over-ridden, and fo fatigued
that he becomes gaunt-bellied by a ftiffnefs and contraction of
the two finews which are under his belly. Farriers Dill.
Si'mewy. adj. [fromfinew.]
1. Confifting of a finew; nervous. The nerves and finews are
in poetry often confounded, from nervus, Latin, which fignifies a finew.
Thefinewy thread my brain lets fall
Through every part,
Can tie thofe parts, and make me one of all. Donne.
2. Strong; nervous; vigorous; forcible.
And for thy vigour, bull-bearing Milo his addition yields
To finewy Ajax. Shakejpeare's Troilus and Crcffida.
Worthy fellows, and like to prove
Moftfinewy Iwordfmen. _ Shakejpeare.
The northern people are large, fair-complexioned, flrong,
finewy, and couragious. Hale s Oi igin of Alankind.
Fainting as he reach’d the fhore,
He dropt hisfinewjharms: his knees no more ^
Perform’d their office. P°pe s Odyjfey.
S I N
Si'NfuL. adj. [fin and full.]
j. Alien from God ; not holy ; unfatiChfied.
Drive out thefinful pair.
From hallow’d ground th’ unholy. Milton,
7. Wicked; not obfervant of religion; contrary to religion. It
is ufed both of perfons and things.
Thrice happy man, faid then the father grave,
Whofe ftaggering fteps thy fteddy hand doth lead.
And {hews the way hisfinful foul to lave,
Who better can the way to heaven arcad ? Fairy ^ueert.
It is great fin to fwear unto a fin ;
But greater fin to keep afinful oath. Shakefp. Henry V I.
Nature herfelf, though pure of finful thought,
Wrought in her fo, that, feeing me, fhe turn’d. Mi ton.
The ftoicks looked upon all paffions isfinful defects and irre¬
gularities, as fo many deviations from right reafon, making
paffion to be only another word for perturbation. South.
Si'nfully. adv. [fromfinful.] Wickedly; not pioufly; not
according to the ordinance of God.
All this from my remembrance brutifh wrath
Sinfully pluclct, and not a man of you
Had fo much grace to put it in my mind. Shakefp. R• H-L
The humble and contented man pleafes himfelf innocently
and eafily, while the ambitious man attempts to pleafe others
finfully and difficultly, and perhaps unfuccefsfully too. South.
Sinfulness, n.f [from Jinful. ] Alienation from God;
negleCt or violation of the duties of religion; contrariety to
religious goodnefs.
I am fent
To (hew thee what fhall come in future days
To thee, and to thy offspring : good with bad
ExpeCt to hear; fupernal‘grace contending
With finfulnefs of men. # Milton.
Peevifhnefs, the general fault of fick perfons, is equally to
be avoided for the folly and finfulnefs. Wake.
To SING. v.n. preterite IJang, orfungi participle paff. fung.
[pingan, Saxon; fingia, Iflandick; fenghen, Dutch ]
j. To form the voice to melody 5 to articulate muftcally.
Orpheus with his lute made trees.
And the mountain tops that freeze.
Bow themfelves when he did fing : <
To his mufick plants and flowers
Ever fprung, as fun and fhowers
There had made a lafting fpring. Shakef. Henry Vill.
Then they for fudden joy did weep.
And fome for forrow fung. Shakef. King Lear.
They rather had beheld
Diffentious numbers peftering ftreets, than fee
Our tradefmen finging in their fhops, and going
About their functions friendly. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
The morning ftarsfang together. J°hThen fhall the trees of the wood fing out at the prefence of
the Lord. _ 1 Ghro. xvi. 33.
Their airy limbs in fports they exercife,
Some in heroick verfe divinely fing. Dryden.
2.To utter fweet founds inarticulately.
The time of thefinging of birds is come. Cant. ii. 12.
You will fooner bind a bird fromfinging than from flying. Bac.
Join voices all ye birds,
Thatfinging up to heav’n’s gate afeend. Milton.
And parrots, imitating human tongue,
Andfinging birds, in filver cages hung. . Dryden's Ovid.
Oh ! were I made, by fome transforming pow r,
The captive bird thatJings within thy bow r.
Then might my voice thy lift’ning ears employ, ^
And I thofe kiffes he receives enjoy. Pope s Summer.
3. To make anyfmall or fhrill noife.
A man may hear this fhowerfing in the wind. Shakefpeare.
You leaden meffengers,
Fly with falfe aim; pierce the ftill moving air,
ThatJings with piercing; do not touch my lord. Shakefp.
We hear this fearful tempeftfing. Shakejpeare.
4. To tell in poetry.
Bid her exalt her melancholy wing,
And rais’d from earth, and fav’d from paffion,fing
Of human hope by crofs event deftroy’d.
Of ufelefs wealth and greatnefs unenjoy’d. Prior.
To Sing. v. a.
1. To relate or mention in poetry.
All the prophets in their age the times
Of great Meffiah fing. Milton.
Arms and the man I fing. Dryden's JEn.
Well might he fing the day he could not fear,
And paint the glories he was fure to wear. Smith.
2. To celebrate ; to give praifes to.
3. To utter harmonioufly.
Incles, caddiffes, cambricks, lawns, why
Hefings them over as they were gods and goddeffes. Shakef.
They that wafted us required of us mirth, faying, fing us
one of the fongs of Zion. PJ. cxxxvii. 3.
Flow could we to his godheadfing
Forc’d hallelujahs ? Milton
24 D To
S I N S I N
To Singe, v.a. [ yaengan, Saxon; fienghen, Dutch.] lo
fcorch ; to burn flightly or fuperficially.
They bound the dodor,
Whofe beard they have fing'd oft with brands of fire. Shak.
You fulph’rous and thought executing fires,
Singe my white head. Shakefpeare.
Drake, in the vaunting ftile of a foldier, would call this
enterprize the ftngeing of the king of Spain s beard. Bacon.
That neither wasJinged in the combuftion of Phaeton, nor
overwhelmed by the inundation of Deucalion. Brown.
They leave aJinged bottom all involv’d
With ftench and fmoke. Milton's Paradife Loji.
Ifinged the toes of an ape through a burning-glafs, and he
never would endure it after. L Ejtrange.
Thus riding on his curls he feem’d to pafs
A rolling fire along, andfmge the grafs. Dryden.
Si nger, n.f. [from fing.] One that fings; one whofe profefiion or bufinefs is to ling.
His filching was like an unlkilful finger, he kept not time.
Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
I gat me men fingers and women fingers, and the delights of
the Ions of men. Eccl. ii. 8.
To the chief finger on my ftringed infiruments. Hab. iii.
Thy heart no ruder than the rugged ftone,
T might, like Orpheus, with my num’rous moan
Melt to compaffion : now my trait’rous fong
With thee confpires to do thefinger wrong. Waller.
Cockbirds amongft finging birds are ever the betterfingers,
becaufe they are more lively. Bacon's Natural Hfiory.
The birds know how to chufe their fare;
To peck this fruit they all forbear :
Thofe cheerful fingers know not why
T hey fhould make any hafte to die. Waller.
The Grecian tragedy was at firft nothing but a chorus of
fingers. Dryden.
Si'ngingmaster. n.f. [fing and mafler.] One who teaches
to fing.
He employed an itinerant fingingmaflcr to inftrud them
rightly in the tunes of the pfalms. Addjons Spectator.
SI'NGLE. adj. [fingulusy Latin.]
1. One ; not double ; not more than one.
The words are clear and eafy, and their originals are of
fingle fignification without any ambiguity. South.
Some were fingle ads, though each compleat;
But ev’ry ad flood ready to repeat. Dryden.
Then Thefeus join’d with bold Pirithous came,
Afingle concord in a double name. Dryden.
. High Alba,
A lonely defart, and an empty land.
Shall fcarce afford, for needful hours of reft,
Afingle houfe to their benighted gueft. Addifion on Italy.
Where the poefy or oratory fhines, a fingle reading is not
fufficient to fatisfya mind that has a true tafte; nor can we
make the fulleft improvement of them without proper re¬
view's. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
2. Particular; individual.
As nofingle man is born with a right of controuling the
opinions of all the reft, fo the world has no title to demand
the whole time of any particular perfon. _ Pope.
If onefingle word were to exprefs but one fimple idea, and
nothing elfe, there would be fcarce any miftake. Watts.
3. Not compounded.
As fimple ideas are oppofed to complex, and fingle ideas to
compound, fo propofitions are diftinguifhed : the Englifh
tongue has fome advantage above the learned languages, which
have no ufual word to diftinguifh fingle from fimple. Watts.
4. Alone; having no companion ; having no affiftant.
Servant of God, well haft thou fought
The better fight, whofingle haft maintain’d
Againft revolted multitudes the caufe of truth. Milton.
His wifdom fuch.
Three kingdoms wonder, and three kingdoms fear,
Whilftfingle he flood forth. Denham.
In fweet pofleftion of the fairy place,
Single and confcious to myfelf alone,
Of pleafures to th’ excluded world unknown. Dryden.
5. Unmarried.
Is thefingle man therefore blefled ? no: as a walled town is
more worthier than a village, fo is the forehead of a married
man more honourable than the bare brow of a batchelor. Shak.
Pygmalion
Abhorr’d all womankind, but moft a wife;
Sofingle chofe to live, and fhunn’d to wed.
Well pleas’d to want a confort of his bed. Dryden.
6. Not complicated; not duplicated.
To make flowers double is effeded by often removing them
into new earth ; as, on the contrary, double flowers, by negleding and not removing, prove fingle. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl.
7. Pure; uncorrupt; not double minded; fimple. A fcriptural
fenfe.
The light of the body is the eye : if thine eye be fingle, thy
whole body fhall be full of light. Mat. vi. 22.
3.That in which one is oppofed to one.
He, when his country, threaten’d with alarms,
Shall more than once thePunick bands affright,
Shall kill the Gaulifh king in fingle fight. Dryden’s An.
To Si'ngle. v. a. [from the adjedive.J
1. To chufe out from among others.
I faw him in the battle range about.
And how hejingled Clifford forth. Shake/. Henry VI.
Every man may have a peculiar favour, winch although
not perceptible unto man, yet fenfible unto dogs, who hereby
can fingle out their mafter in the dark. Brown.
Do’ft thou alreadyfingle me? I thought
Gyves and the mill had tam’d thee. Milton s Agonifies.
Begin, aufpicious boy, to caff about
Thy infant eyes, and with a fmile thy motherfingle out. Dry.
Single the lowlieft of the am’rous youth;
Aik for his vows, but hope not for his truth. Prior.
2. Tofequefter; to withdraw.
Yea fimply, faith Bafil, and univerfally, whether it be in
works of nature, or of voluntary choice, I fee not any thing
done as it fhould be, if it be wrought by an agentjingling itfelf from conforts. Hooker.
3. To take alone.
Many men there are, than whom nothing is more commend¬
able when they are fingled-, and yet, in fociety with others,
none lefs fit to anfwer the duties which are looked for at their
hands. Hooker.
4. To feparate.
Hardly they heard, which by good huntersfirgledare. Sidn.
Si'ngleness. n.f. [fromfingle.] Simplicity; fincerity; honeft
plainnefs.
It is not the deepnefs of their knowledge, but thefinglenrfs
of their belief, which God accepteth. Hooker.
Si'ngly. adv. [fromfingle.]
j. Individually; particularly.
If the injured perfon be not righted, every one of them is
wholly guilty of the injuftice, and therefore bound to reftitution Jingly and intirely. Taylor's Rule of living holy.
They tend to the perfection of human nature, and to make
men Jingly and perfonally good, or tend to the happinefs of
fociety. Tillctfcns Sermons.
2. Only; by himfelf.
Look thee, ’tis fo ; thou jingly honeft man,
Here take : the gods out of my mifery
Have fent thee treafure. Shake/. Timon of Athens.
3. Without partners or afiociates.
Belinda
Burns to encounter two advent’rous knights.
At ombre jingly to decide their doom. Pope.
4. Honeftly ; fimply ; fincerely.
SI'NGULAR. adj. [fingulier, Fr. fingularis,4 Latin.]
1. Sing'e ; not complex ; not compound. -
That idea which reprefents one particular determinate thing
is called a fingular idea, whether fimple, complex, or com¬
pound. Watts.
2. [In grammar.] Expreffing only one; not plural.
If St. Paul’s fpeaking of himfelf in the firft perfon fingular
has fo various meanings, his ufe of the firft perfon plural has
a greater latitude. Locke.
3. Particular; unexampled.
So fingular a fadnefs
Muft have a catife as ftrange as the effed. Denham s Sophy.
Doubtlefs, if you are innocent, your cafe is extremely
hard, yet it is notfingular. Female Pfiuixote.
4. Having fomething not common to others. It is commonly
ufed in- a fenfe of difapprobation, whether applied to perfons
or things.
His zeal
None feconded, asfingular and rafh. Milton.
It is very commendable to befingular in any excellency, and
religion is the greateft excellency: to befingular in any thing that
is wile and worthy is not a difparagement, but a praife. Tiilitf.
5. Alone; that of which there is but one.
Thele buffs of the emperors and emprefles are all very
fcarce, and feme of them almoftfingular in their kind. AddiJ.
Singularity, n.f. i fingularite, Fr. fromfingular.]
1. Some charader or quality by which one is diftinguifhed from
others.
Pliny addeth thisfingularity to that foil, that the fecond year
the very falling down of the feeds yieldeth corn. Raleigh.
Though, according to the pradice of the world, it be iingular for men thoroughly to live up to the principles of their
religion, yetfingularity in this matter is a fingular commendation of it. * Tillotfon’s Sermons.
I took notice of this little figure for thefingularity of the
inftrument: it is notunlike a violin. AadiJon on ttay.
2. Any thing remarkable; a curiofity.
Your gallery
Have wc pafs’d through, not without much content
In manyfingularit'esfbut we faw not
That which my daughter came to look upon.
The ftatue of her mother. Shak. Winter’s Tale.
3. Particular
S I N S I N
3. Particular privilege or prerogative.
St. Gregory, being himfelf a bifhop of Rome, anti writing
againft the title of univerfal bifhop, faith thus; none of all
my predeceffors ever confented to ufe this ungodly title; no
bifhop of Rome ever took upon him this name of fingu-
• lanty. Hooker*
4 Character or manners different from thofe of others.
The fpirit of fmgulanty in a few ought to give place to publick judgment. Hooker.
Singularity in fin puts it out of fafhion, fince to be alone in
any practice feems to make the judgment of the world againft
it; but the concurrence of others is a tacit approbation of
that in which they concur. South.
To Si'ngularize. v. a. [fe fingularifer, Fr. from fingular. ]
To make Angle.
Singularly, adv. [fromfingular.'] Particularly; in a man¬
lier not common to others.
Solitude and Angularity can neither daunt nor difgrace him,
unlefs we could fuppofe it a difgrace to befmgulurly good. South.
Si'ngult. n.J. \fmgultus, Latin.] .A Agh. Spenfer.
Sinister, ad]. [fmijler, Latin.]
1. Being on the left hand ; left; not right; not dexter.
My mother’s blood
Runs on the dexter cheek, and thisfmijler
Bounds in my Are’s. Shak. Troilus and Crejjida.
Captain Spurio, wich his cicatrice, an emblem of war,
here on hisfniijler cheek. Shak. All's well that ends well.
But a rib, crooked by nature, bent, as now appears,
More to the partfmi/ler from me drawn. Milton s Pa. Loft.
The fpleen is unjuftly introduced to invigorate the fmijler
Ade, which, being dilated, would rather inArm and debi¬
litate it. Browns Vulgar Errours.
In his fmijler hand, inftead of ball.
He plac’d a mighty mug of potent ale. Dryden.
2. Bad; perverfe; corrupt; deviating from honefty; unfair.
Is it fo ftrange a matter to And a good thing furthered by ill
men of a fmifer intent and purpofe, whofe forwardnefs is not
therefore a bridle to fuch as favour the fame caufe with a better
and Ancere meaning. Ho kcr.
The duke of Clarence was foon after byfmifer means made
clean away. Spenfer on Ireland.
When are there more unworthy men chofen to offices, when
is there more ftrife and contention about elections, or when
do partial and fmifer affedlions more utter themfelves, than
when an eledftion is committed to many? Whitgifte.
He profeffes to have received no fmifer meafure from his
judge, but molt willingly humbles himfelf to the determina¬
tion of juftice. Shakef Meafure for Meafure.
Thofe may be' accounted the left hands of courts ; perfons
that are full of nimble and fmifer tricks and fhifts, whereby
they pervert the plain courfes of courts, and bring juftice into
oblique lines and labyrinths. Bacon s EJfays.
The juft perfon has given the world an afturance, by the
conftant tenor of his practice, that he makes a confeience of
his ways, and that he fcorns to undermine another’s intereft
by anyfmifter or inferior arts. South.
3. [Sintjlre, French.] Unlucky; inaufpicious.
Tempt it again : that is thy a<ft, or none :
What all the feveral ills that viAt earth,
Brought forth by night, with a fmijler birth,
Plagues, famine, Are, could not reach unto,
The fword, nor furfeits, let thy fury do. Ben. Johnfen.
SI'NISTROUS. adj. [fmijler, Latin.] Abfurd; perverfe;
wrong-headed.
A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the moft
finiftrous and abfurd choice. Bentley.
Si'nistrously. adv. [fromfiniftrousj
1. With a tendency to the left.
Many in their infancy are fnijlroufy difpofed, and divers
continue all their life left-handed, and have but weak and im¬
perfect ufe of the right. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
2. Perverfely; abfurdly.
To SINK. v. n. pret Ifunk, ancientlyyi«i; part,funk orfunken.
[jvnean, Saxon; fenken, German.]
j. 1o fall down through any medium; not to fwim; to go to
the bottom.
Make his chronicle as rich with prize,
As is the oozy bottom of the fea
With funken wreck and fumlefs treafuries. Shakefp. II. V.
In with the riverfunk, and with it rofe,
Satan, involv’d in riling mift; then fought
Where to lie hid. Milton s Paradife Lof, l>. ix.
He fwims orfinks, or wades, or creeps or flies. Milton.
The pirate/?«/L with his ill-gotten gains.
And nothing to another’s ufe remains. Dryden.
, SuppoAng feveral in a tempeft will rather perifh than work,
would it not be madnefs in the reft to chufe to fink together,
rather than do more than their fhare ? Addijon on the War.
2. To fall gradually.
I he arrow7 went out at his heart, and hefunk down in bis
chariot. 2 Kings ix. 24.
3. To enter or penetrate into any body.
David took a ftone and Hang it, and fmete the Philiftine,
that the &ou.q junk into his forehead. I Sa. xvii. 49.
4. To lofe height; to fall to a level.
In vain has nature form’d
Mountains and oceans to oppoie his paflage;
He bounds o’er all, victorious in his march;
The Alps and Pyreneansfink before him. Addijon’s Cato»
5. To lofe or want prominence. 7
What were his marks ?-A lean cheek, a blue eye and
funken. Shakefp. As you like it.
Deep dinted wrinkles on her cheeks Aiedraws;
Sunk are her eyes, and toothlefs are her jaws. Drydin.
6. To be overwhelmed or deprefled.
Our countryy/wif beneath the yoke;
It weeps, it bleeds, and each new day a gafti
Is added to her wounds. Shakefp. Macbeth.
They arraign’d fliall fink
Beneath thy fentence ' Milton.
But if you this ambitious pray’r deny,
Then let mefink beneath proud Arcite’s arms ;
And, I once dead, let him poilefs her charms. Dryden:
7. To be received ; to be impreffed.
Let thefe fayingsfink down into your ears. Lu. ix. 44.
Truth never finks into thefe mens minds, nor gives any
tinCture to them. Locke.
8. I o decline; todecreafe; to decay.
This republick has been much more powerful than it is at
prefent, as it is Hill likelier tofink than increafe in its domi¬
nions. Addijon on Italy.
Let not the Are fink or flacken, but increafe. Mortimer.
9. To fall into reft or indolence.
Would’ft thou have meJink away
In pleaftng dreams, and lofe myfelf in love,
When every moment Cato’s life’s at ftake? Addijon s Cato.
10. To fall into any ftate worfe than the former; to tend to
ruin.
Nor urg’d the labours of my lord in vain,
A Jinking empire longer to fuftain. Dryden’s Ain.
To Sink. v. a.
1. To put under water ; to difable from fwimming or floating.
A fmall fleet of Englifh made an hoftile invafton, or incurAon, upon their havens and roads, and Ared, funk, and carried
away ten thoufand ton of their great fhipping, befides fueller
veflels. Bacon.
2. To delve; to make by delving!
At Saga in Germany they dig up iron in the Aelds byJink¬
ing ditches two foot deep, and in the fpace of ten years the
ditches are digged again for iron lince produced. Boyle.
Near Geneva are quarries of freeftone, that run under the
lake : when the water is at loweft, they make within the bor¬
ders of it a little fquare, inclofcd within four walls: in this
fquare theyJink a pit, and dig for freeftone. Addijon.
3. Todepreis; to degrade.
A mighty king I am, an earthly god ;
I raife orJink, imprifon or fet free;
And life or death depends on my decree: Prior.
Trifling painters or fculptors bellow inftnite pains upon the
moft inftgniftcant parts of a ftgure, ’till theyfink the grandeur
of the whole. Pope's Eftftay on Hornet.
4. To plunge into deftrudion.
Heav’n bear witnefs.
And if I have a confeience let it Jink me,
Kv’n as the ax falls, if I be not faithful. Shakefpeare.
5. To make to fall.
1 hefe are fo far from raifing mountains, that they over¬
turn and fling down fome before ftanding, and undermine
others, finking them into the abyfs. IVoochv.md.
6. To bring low ; to diminifh in quantity.
When on the banks of an unlook’d-for ftream.
You funk the river with repeated draughts.
Who was the laft in all your hoft that thirfted ? Adclifion.
j. To crufh; to overbear; to deprefs.
That Hecftor was in certainty of death, and deprefled with
the confeience of an ill caufe : if you will not grant the firft of
thefe will fink the fpirit of a hero, you’ll at leaft allow the fecond may. Pope.
8. TolefTen; to diminifh.
ft hey catch at all opportunities of ruining our trade, and
Jinking the Agure which we make. Addijon on the War.
I mean not that we fhouldJink our Agure out of covetoufnefs, and deny ourfelves the proper conveniences of our ftation, only that we may lay up a fuperfiuous treafure. Rogers.
9. To make to decline.
Thy cruel and unnatural luft of power
Has funk thy father more than all his years,
And made him wither in a green old age.
To labour for a funk corrupted ftate.
10. To fupprefs; to conceal; to intervert.
Rowe.
Lyttleton.
If fent with ready money to buy any thing, and you happen
to be out of pocket, fink tl e money, and take up the goods
on account. Swift’s Rules to Servants.
dink. n.J. [pne, Saxon.]
1. A drain ; a jakes.
Should by the cormorant 1 elly be reftrain’d,
M?ho is the fink o’ th* body. Sl.ake/p. Coriolanus.
Bad
S I N S I N
2.
Donne.
Milton.
Milton.
Bad humours gather to a bile, or as divers kennels flow to
one fink, fo in (hort time their numbers increafed. Hayward.
Gather more filth than anyfink in town. Granville.
Returning home at night, you’ll find thefnk
Strike your offended fenfewith double ftink. Sivift.
2.Any place where corruption is gathered.
Whatfink of monfters, wretches of loft minds.
Mad after change, and defperate in their ftates,
Wearied and gall’d with their necellities,
Durlt have thought it ? Ben. Johnfon’s Catiline.
Our foul, whofe country’s heav’n and God her father,
Into this world, corruption’sfink, is fent;
Yet fo much in her travail (he doth gather,
That fhe returns home wifer than fhe went.
Si'nless. adj. [fromfin.'] Exempt from fin.
Led on, yetfnlefs, with defire to know.
What nearer might concern him, how this world
Of heav’n, and earth confpicuous, firft began.
At that tailed fruit,
The fun, as from Thyeftean banquet, turn’d
His courfe; elfe how had the world
Inhabited, though fnlefs, more than now
Avoided pinching cold, and fcorching heat?
Infernal ghofts and hellifh furies round
Environ’d thee ; fome howl’d, fome yell’d, fome fhriek’d,
Some bent at thee their fiery darts, while thou
Satt’ft unappal’d in calm and fnlef peace. Milton.
No thoughts like mine hisfnlefs foul profane,
Obfervant of the right. Dryden's Ovid.
Did God, indeed, infift on a fnlefs and unerring obfervance
of all this multiplicity of duties; had the Chriftian difpenfation provided no remedy for our lapfes, we might cry out with
Balaam, Alas ! who fhould live, if God did this ? Rogers.
Si'nlessness. n. f. [from fnlefs ] Exemption from fin.
We may the lefs admire at his gracious condefcenfions to
thofe, the finleffnefs of whofe condition will keep them from
turning his vouchfafements into any thing but occafions ofjoy
and gratitude. Boyle's Seraphick Love.
Si'nner. n.f [fromfin.)
j. One at enmity with God; one not truly or religioufly
good.
Let the boldefi:firmer take this one confideration along with
him, when he is going to fin, that whether the fin he is about
to adf ever comes to be pardoned or no, yet, as foon as it is
adled, it quite turns the balance, puts his falvation upon the
venture, and makes it ten to one odds againft him. South.
2. An offender ; a criminal.
Here’s that which is too weak to be a finner, honeft water,
which ne’er left man i’ th’ mire. Shakefpeare's Timon.
Over the guilty then the fury (hakes 1
The founding whip, and brandifties her fnakes, >
And the palefirmer with her fitters takes. Dryden's JEn. J
Thither, where finners may have reft, I go.
Where flames refin’d in breads feraphick glow. Pope.
Whether the charmerfinner it or faint it.
If folly grows romantick, I muft paint it. - Pope.
Si'noffering. n.f [fin and offering.] An expiation or facrifice for fin.
7 The flefh of the bullock (halt thou burn without the camp:
it is a Jinoffering. Ex. xxix. 14.
Si'noper, or Sinople. n.f A fpecies of earth; ruddle. Ainf.
To Si'NUATE. v. a. [finuo, Latin.] To bend in and out.
Another was very perfect, ibmewhat lefs with the margin,
and more finuated. Woodwardon Fejfils.
Sinua'tion. n.f [fromfitiuate.~\ A bending in and out.
The human brain is, in proportion to the body, much larger
than the brains of brutes, in proportion to their bodies, and
fuller of anfraclus, orfinuations. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Si'nuous. adj. [finueux, French, from finus, Latin.] Bending
in and out.
Try with what difad vantage the voice will be carried in an
horn, which is a line arched ; or in a trumpet, which is a line
retorted ; or in fome pipe that werefinuous. Bacon.
Thefe, as a line, their long dimenfion drew,
Streaking the ground with finuous trace. Milt. Parad. Lofi.
In the diHediions of horfes, in the concave orfinuous part of
the liver, whereat the gall is ufually feated in quadrupeds, I
difeover an hollow, long, and membranous fubftance.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
SI'NUS. n.f [Latin.]
1. A bay of the fca ; an opening of the land.
Plato fuppofeth his Atlantis to have funk all into the fea :
whether that be true or no, I do not think it impoflible that
fome arms of the fea, orfinus's, might have had fuch an origl,,ah | Burnet's 7henry of the Earth.
2. Any fold or opening.
To SIP. v. a. [j-ipan, Saxon ; fippen, Dutch.]
1. I o drink by fmall draughts; to take at one appofition
to the mouth no more than the mouth will
Milton.
Dryden.
To drink in fmall quantities.
Find out the peaceful hermitage;
The hairy gown and moffy cell.
Where I may fit and rightly fpell
Of ev’ry ftar that heav’n doth (hew.
And every herb thatfips the dew.
3. To drink out of.
The winged nation o’er the foreft flies:
Then (looping on the meads and leafy bow’rs,
They fkim the floods and fip the purple flow’rs,
To SiP. v. n. To drink a fmall quantity.
She rais’d it to her mouth with fober grace;
Thenfipping-> offer’d to the next. Dryden's Mn.
Sip. n.f. [from the verb.] A fmall draught; as much as the
mouth will hold.
Her face o’ fire
With labour, and the thing (he took to quench it
She would to each onefip. Shakejp. Winter's Tale.
One fip of this
Will bathe the drooping fpirits in delight,
Beyond the blifs of dreams. Milton.
Si'phon. n.f. [tnpov; fipho, Lat. fiphon, Fr-] A pipe through
• which liquors are conveyed.
Beneath th’ inceffant weeping of thefe drains
I fee the rockyfiphons ftretch’d immenfe.
The mighty refervoirs of harden’d chalk,
Of ftiff compared clay. Thomfon s Autumn.
Si'pper. n.f [fromfip.~\ One that fips.
SFppet. n.f. [fromfip.] A fmall fop. _ .
Sir. n.f. [Jire,¥r. feignior, lta\. fenor, Spanifh j femor, Latm.]
1. The word of refpe<ft in compellation.
Speak on, fir,
I dare your worft objections: if I blu(h,
It is to fee a nobleman want manners. Shakefp. H. VIII.
But, firs, be fudden in the execution ;
Withal obdurate; do not let him plead. Shakefp. R. III.
Sir king.
This man is better than the man he (lew. Shakefpeare.
At a banquet the ambaflador defired the wife men to deliver
every one of them fome fentence or parable, that he might re¬
port to his king, which they did : only one was filent, which
the ambaflador perceiving, faid to him, fir, let it not difpleafe
you; why do not you fay fomewhat that I may report ? He
anfwered, report to your lord, that there are that can hold their
peace. Bacon s Apophthegms.
The title of a knight or baronet. This word was anciently
fo much held eflential, that the Jews in their addrefles expreffed
it in Hebrew chara&ers.
Sir Horace Vere, his brother, was the principal in the
adtive part. Bacon s TVar with Spain.
2.
drink
of the cup
contain.
Soft yielding minds to water glide away,
And fip with nymphs their elemental tea.
The court forfakes him, andfir Balaam hangs. Pope:
3. It is fometimes ufed for man.
I have adventur’d
To try your taking of a falfe report, which hath
Honour’d with confirmation your great judgment,
In the election of a fir fo rare. Shakefp. Cymheline.
4. A title given to the loin of beef, which one of our kings
knighted in a fit of good humour.
He loft his roaft-beef ftomach, not being able to touch a
fir-loin which was ferved up. Addifon.
And the ftrong table groans
Beneath the fmoakingy?r-loin, ftretch’d immenfe
From fide to fide. Thomfon s Autumn.
It would be ridiculous, indeed, if a fpit which is ftrong
enough to turn a fir-loin of beef, (hould not be able to turn a
lark. _ Swift.
Sire. n.f. [fire, French; fenior, Latin.]
1. A father, in poetry.
He, but a duke, would have his fon a king.
And raife his iffue like a lovingfire. ' Shakefp. Henry VI.
Cowards father cowards, and bafe thingsfire the bafe. Shak.
A virgin is his mother, but hisfire
The pow’r of the Moft High. Milton's Paradife Lofi.
And now I leave the true and juft fupports
Of legal princes and of honeft courts,
Whofe fires, great part’ners in my father’s cares,
Saluted their young king at Hebron crown’d. Prior.
Whether his hoary fire he fpies,
While thoufand grateful thoughts arife.
Or meets his fpoufe’s fender eye. Pope's Chorus to Brutus.
2. It is ufed in common fpeech of beads: as, the horfe had a
good fire, but a bad darn.
3. It is ufed in compofition: as, grand-fire, great-gran -fire.
Si'ren. n.f. [Latin.] A goddefs who enticed men by finging,
and devoured them ; any mifehievous enticer.
Oh train me not, fweet mermaid, with thy note.
To drown me in thy fifter’s flood of tears:
Sing, firen, to thyfclf, and I will dote; _
Spread o’er the filver waves thy golden hair,
A nd as a-bed I’ll take thee, and there he. Shakefpeoeare.
brain
Pope.
Siri'asis. ». / OV* .] An inflammation of the
and its membrane, through an exceffive heat of the fun. D,it.
! Sirius.
S I T S I T
SrRIUS.n.f[Latin.] The dogftar.
SiRc/oco, 7i. f. [Italian ; fyrus ventus, Latin.] The fouth*eaft
or Syrian wind.
' Forth rufh the levant and the ponent winds,
Furus and Zephyr, with their latei.il noife.
Sirocco and Libecchio. Milton.
Si'rrah. n. f [fir, ha! Minfloew.] A compilation of re¬
proach and infult.
Go, firrah, to my cell;
Take with you your companions : as you look
To have my pardon, trim it handfomely. Shakef. Tempefl.
Sirrah, There’s no room ior faith, troth, or honefty in
this bofom of thine. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
It runs in the blood of your whole racz, firrah, to hate
our family. L'Ljlrangc.
Guefs how the goddefs greets her fon,
Come hither, frrah ; no, begone. Prior.
Si'rop. ? n.f [Arabick ] The juice of vegetables boiled
Sirup. ) with fugar.
Shall I, whofe ears her mournful words did feize.
Her words in firup laid of fweeteft breath.
Relent. Sidney.
Not poppy, nor mandragora.
Nor all the drowfyfirups of the world
$hall ever med’eine thee to that fweet fleep,
Which thou owed’ft yefterday. Shakefpeare s Othello.
And firft, behold this cordial jalap here,
That flames and dances in his cryftal bounds.
With fpirits of balm, and fragrant fyrops mixt. Milton.
Thole exprefied juices contain the true eflential fait of
the plant; for if they be boiled into the confiftence of a fyrup, and fet in a cool place, the eflential fait of the plant
will fhoot upon the fldes of the veflels. Arbutbnot.
S/ruped. adj. [fromfirup.] Sweet, like flrup; bedewed with
. fweets.
Yet when there haps a honey fall,
We’ll lick the fyrupt leaves :
And tell the bees that their’s is gall. Drayton's J^. of Cynthia.
Si'RUPY. adj. [fromfirup.'] Refembling flrup.
Apples are of a frupy tenacious nature. Mortimer.
Sise. n.f [contracted from ajftze.]
You faid, if I returned nextfize in lent,
I fhould be in remitter of your grace. Donne.
Si'skin. n.f. A bird; a green finch.
Sister, n.f ypeoytej-i, Saxon; zufler, Dutch ]
1. A woman born of the fame parents ; correlative to brother.
Herffler began to fcold. Shakcfp. Earning of the Shrew.
I have faid to corruption, thou art my father : to the worm,
thou art my mother and myffler. Job. xvii. 14.
2. One of the fame faith; achriftian. One ofthe fame nature,
human being.
If a brother orffler be naked, and deftitute of food, and
you fay unto them, depart in peace, be you warmed and fil¬
led : notwithftanding you give them not thofe things which
are needful to the body, what doth it profit? James ii. 15-
3. A woman of the fame kind.
He chid theflflers,
And bade them fpeak to him. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
4. One of the fame kind ; one of the fame office.
The women, who would rather wreft the laws,
Than let affler-plaintiff lofe the caufe,
As judges on the bench more gracious are,
And more attent to brothers of the bar,
Cry’d one and all, the fuppliant (hould have right:
And to the grandame hag adjudg’d the knight. Dryden.
There grew two olives, clofeft of the grove.
With roots entwin’d, and branches interwove :
Alike their leaves, but not alike they finil'd
Withy$/?fr-fruits: one fertile, one was wild. Pope.
Sister in law. n.f. A hufband or wife's After,
Thyffler in law is gone back unto her people: return thou
after thy ffler in law. Ruth i. 15.
Si'sterhood. n.f. [fromfifler.]
1. The office or duty of a After.
She abhorr’d
Her proper blood, and left to do the part
Offijlerhood, to do that of a wife. Daniel's Civil War.
2. A fet offillers.
A number of women of the fame order.
I fpeak,
Wifhing a more ftriCl reflraint
Upon the flflerhood, the votarills of Saint Clare. SIakefp.
A woman who flourifhes in her innocence, amidft that
Ipire and rancour which prevails among her exTperated fijleihood, appears more amiable. . Addfons F>eeholder.
Si'sterly, adj. [from ffler.] Like a After ; becoming a
filter.
After much debatement,
My flflerly remorfe confutes mine honour.
And I did yield to him. Shak.cfpeeve.
To Sit. v. n. preterite, Ifat. [fitan, Gothick; yrccan, Sax.
Jetten, Dutch.]
1. To reft upon the buttocks.
There were flays on each fide of the flitting place. 1 Chrmt.
He fat for alms at the beautiful gate. Adis iii. 10.
Their wives doft befide them carding woo!. May's Virgil.
Aloft in awful Hate,
The godlike herofat
On his imperial throne. Dryden.
2. To perch.
All new fafhions be pleafant tomf>
I will have them whether I thrive or thee,
Now I am a frifker, all men on me look,
What fhould I do butfit cock on the hoop?
What do I care if all the world me fail,
I will have a garment reach to my tail. Bonrd.
3. To be in a Hate of reft, or idlenefs.
Shall your brethren go to war, and fhall yeft here? hum.
Why Jit we here each other viewing idly. Milxm.
4. To be in any local pofition.
I fhould be ftill
Plucking the grafs to know' where fits the wind :
Peering in maps for ports. Shakeflp. Merch. ofVmice.
Thofe
Appointed to ft there had left their charge. Milton.
The fhips are ready, and the windfits fair, A. Philips.
5. To reft as a weight or burthen.
Your brother's death fits at your heart. Shakefpeare.
When God lets loofe upon us a ficknefs, if we fear to die,
then the calamity fits heavy on us. Taylor.
To tofs and fling, and to be reftlefs, only galls our fores,
and makes the burden that is upon usft more uneafy. Tillotfon.
Fear, the laft of ills, remain’d behind.
And horrour, heavy fat on every mind. Dryden.
Our whole endeavours are intent to get rid of the prefent
evil, as the firft neceflary condition to our happinefs. No¬
thing, as we paffionately think, can equal the uneafinefs that
fits fo heavy upon us. Locke.
6. To fettle; to abide.
That this new comer fhame,
Therefit not and reproach us. Milton.
When Thetis blufh’d, in purple not her own.
And from her face the breathing winds were blown ;
A fudden filence fate upon the fea.
And fweeping oars, with ftruggling, urg’d their way. Drytl.
He to the void advanc’d his pace.
Pale horrourfat on each Arcadian face. Dryden.
7. To brood; to incubate.
As the partridgefitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not, fo
he that getteth riches not by right, fhall leave them in the
midft of his days. Jer. xvii. 1 r.
The egg laid and fever’d from the body of the hen, hath
no more nourilhment from the hen; but only a quickening
heat when Ihefitteth. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
She miftakes a piece of chalk for an egg, and fits upon it in
the fame manner. Addifon.
8. To be adjufted; to be with refpe£l to fitnefs or unfitnefs,
decorum or indecorum.
This new and gorgeous garment, majefty.
Sits not fo eafy on me as you think. Shakefpeare.
Heav’n knows,
By what by-paths, and indire<£l crook’d ways
I met this crown ; and I myfelf know well.
How troublefome it fate upon my head ;
To thee it fhall defeend with better quiet. Shakefpeare.
Your preferring that to all other confiderations does, in the
eyes of all men, fit well upon you. Locke.
9. To be placed in order to be painted.
One is under no more obligation to extol every thing he
finds in the author he tranflates, than a painter is to make
every face thatfits to him handfome. Garth.
10. To be in any fituation or condition.
As a farmer cannot hulband his ground fo well, if heft at
a great rent; fo the merchant cannot drive his trade fo well,,
if he fit at great ufury. Bacon.
Suppofe all the church-lands were thrown up to the laity ;
would the tenantsft eafier in their rents than now ? Swift.
11. To be fixed, as an aflembly ;
12. To be placed at the table.
Whether is greater he thatfitteth at meat, or he that ferveth? Luke xxii. 27.
13. To exercife authority.
The judgment fhall}/f, and take away his dominion. Dan.
Afl’es are ye thatyfr in judgment. Judges v. 10.
Down to the golden Cherfonefe, or where
The Perfian in Echatan fate. Milton.
One councilfits upon life and death, the other is for taxes,
and a third for the diftributions of juftice. Addijcti.
Aflert, ye fair ones, who in judgment ft.
Your ancient empire over love andT wit. Rowe.
To be in any folemn aflembly as a member.
I htee hundred and twenty menJat in council daily. I Mac.
1 ^ down. Down is little more than emphatical.
Go and ft clown to meat. Luke xvii. 7.
24 E When
M.
*5-
S I T
When we Jit down to our meal, we need not fufpedl the
intrufion of armed uninvited guefts. Decay of Piety.
16. To Sit down. To begin a fiege.
Nor would the enemy have fate down before it, till they
had done their bufinefs in all other places. Clarendon.
17. To Sit down. To reft ; to ceafe fatisfied.
Here we cannot fit down, but ftill proceed in our fearch,
and look higher for a fupport. Rogers.
18. To Sit down. To fettle; to fix abode.
From befides Tanais, the Goths, Huns, and Getes fat
down. Spenjer.
10. To Sit out. To be without engagement or employment.
' They are glad, rather than fit out, to play very fmall
came, and to make ufe of arguments, fuch as will not prove
a bare’ inexpediency. Bp. Sanderfon's Judgment.
20. To Sit up. To rife from lying to fitting.
He that was dead, fat up, and began to fpeak. Luke vii.
21. To Sit up. To watch; not to go to bed.
Be courtly,
And entertain, and feaft, fit up, and revel;
Call all the great, the fair and fpirited dames
Of Rome about thee, and begin a fafhion
Of freedom. Ben.Johnfon.
Someft up late at winter-fires, and fit
Their iharp- edg’d tools. May.
Moft children fhorten that time byfitting up with the com¬
pany at night. Locke.
To Sit. v. a.
1. To keep the feat upon.
Hardly the mufe can ft the head-ftrong horfe.
Nor would fhe, iffhe could, check his impetuous force.Prior.
2. [When the reciprocal pronoun follows ft, it feems to be an
adtive verb.] To place on a feat.
The happieft youth viewing his progrefs through,
What perils paft, what croffes to enfue.
Would fhut the book, andft him down and die. Shakefp.
He came to vifit us, and calling for a chair, fat him down,
and we fat down with him. Bacon.
Thus fenc'd.
But not at reft or eafe of mind.
They fat them down to weep. Milton.
3. To be fettled to do bufinefs.
The court wasfat before fir Roger came, but the juftices
made room for the old knight at the head of them, Addifon.
Site, n.f [fitus, Latin.]
1. Situation; local pofition.
The city felf he ftrongly fortifies,
Three fides byfte it well defenced has. Fairfax.
Manifold ftreams of goodly navigable rivers, as fo many
chains, environed the fame fte and temple. Bacon.
If we confider the heart in its conftituent parts, we fhall
find nothing fingular, but what is in any mufcle. ’7 is only
the fte and pofture of their feveral parts that give it the form
and functions of a heart. _ Bentley.
Before my view appear’d a ftrudlure fair,
Itsfte uncertain if on earth or air. Pope.
2. It is taken by Fhomfon for pofture, or fituation of a thing
with refpedt to itfelf: but improperly.
And leaves the femblance of a lover fix’d
In melancholyfte, with head declin’d.
And love-deje&ed eyes. Tbomfin's Spring.
Si'tfast. n.f. [ft andfafij . ,
A hard knob growing under the faddle. Farrur s Didi.
Sith. adv. [pfSe, Saxon.] Since; feeing that. Obfolete.
What ceremony of odours ufed about the bodies of the
dead ! after which cuftom notwithftanding, fth it was their
cuftom, our Lord was contented that his own moft precious
blood fhould be intombed. Hooker.
Not I, my lord; fth true nobility
Warrants thefe words in princely courtefie. Shakefpeare.
I thank you for this profit, and from hence
I’ll love no friend, fth love breeds fuch offence. Shakefp.
Sithe. n.f [yfSe, Saxon. This word is very varioufly writ¬
ten by authors: I have chofen the orthography which is at
once moft fimple and moft agreeable to etymology.] The
inftrument of mowing ; a crooked blade joined at right angles
to a long pole.
Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives,
Live regiftred upon our brazen tombs ;
And then grace us in the difgrace of death '.
When, fpight of cormorant-devouring time,
1 h’ endeavour of this prefent breath may buy
That honour which fhall ’bate hisfeythe's keen edge;
And make us heirs of all eternity. Shakefpeare.
1 ime is commonly drawn upon tombs, in gardens, and other
places, an old man, bald, winged with a fthe, and an hourglafs. Peacham on Drawing.
There rude impetuous rage does ftorm and fret;
And there, as mafter of this murd’ring brood.
Swinging a hugefcitbe. Hands impartial death,
With endlefs bufinefs almoft out of breath. Crajbaw.
The milk-maid fingeth blithe.
And the mower whets hisftithe, Milton.
SIX.
The brazen trumpets kindle rage no more;
But ufelefs lances into fythes fhall bend,
And the broad faulchion in a plough-fhare end. Pope,
Grav’d o’er their feats the form of time was found,
His feythe revers’d, and both his pinions bound. Pope.
But, Stella, fay, what evil tongue
Reports you are no longer young?
That time fits with hisfythe to mow
Where erft fat Cupid with his bow. Swift.
Echo no more returns the chearful found
Of fharpening/y/^?. Thomfon's Summer.
Si'thence. adv. [Now contracted tofinee. See Since.] Since;
in latter times.
This over-running and wafting of the realm was the begin¬
ning of all the other evils which fthence have afflidfed that
land. Spenfer's State ofIreland.
Sithes. n.f. Times. Spenfer.
Si'thness. adv. Since. Spenjer.
Si'tter. n.f. [from//.]
1. One that fits.
The Turks are greatfitters, and feldom walk; whereby
they fweat lefs, and need bathing more. Bacon.
2. A bird that broods.
The oldeft hens are reckoned the beftfitters; and the youngeft the beft layers. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Si'tting. n.f. [from//.]
1. The pofture of fitting on a feat.
2. The a£t of refting on a feat.
Thou knoweft my down-fitting and mine up rifing. Pfal.
3. A time at which one exhibits himfelf to a painter.
Few good pictures have been finifhed at one fitting; nei¬
ther can a good play be produced at a heat. Dryden.
4. A meeting of an affembly.
I’ll write you down;
The which fhall point you forth at everyfitting,
What you muft fay. Shakefpeare'.
I wifh it may be at thatfitting concluded, unlefs the neceftity of the time prefs it. Bacon.
5. A courfe of ftudy unintermitted.
For the underftanding of any one of St. Paul’s epiftles, I
read it all through at onefitting. Locke.
6. A time for which one fits without rifing.
What more than madnefs reigns.
When one fhort fitting many hundred drains.
And not enough is left him to fupply
Board-wages, or a footman’s livery. Dryden,
7. Incubation.
Whilft the hen is covering her eggs, the male bird takes
his ftand upon a neighbouring bough, and amufes her with
his fongs during the whole time of herfitting. Addifon.
Si'tuate. part. adj. [fromftus, Latin.]
1. Placed with refpedt to any thing elfe.
He was refolved to chufe a war, rather than to have Bre¬
tagne carried by France, being fo great and opulent a duchy,
and fituate fo opportunely to annoy England. Bacon.
Within a trading town they long abide,
Full fairlyfituate on a haven’s fide. Dryden s Nuns Priefi.
The eye is a part fo artificially compofed, and commodioufly fituate, as nothing can be contrived better for ufe, orna¬
ment, or fecurity. Ray on the Creation.
2. Placed; confiding.
Earth hath this variety from heav’n,
Of pleafure fituate in hill and dale. Miltor?s Parad. Lofi.
Situation, n.f [fromfituate-, fituation, French.]
1. Local refpedt; pofition.
Prince Cefarini has a palace in a pleafant fituation, and
fet off with many beautiful walks. Addifon s Italy.
2. Condition ; ftate.
Though this is afituation of the greateft eafe and tranquilli¬
ty in human life, yet this is by no means fit to be the fubjedt
of all men’s petitions to God. Roger's Sermons.
Six. n.f. [fix, French.] Twice three; one more than five.
No incident in the piece or play but muft carry on the
main defign; all things elfe are like fix fingers to the hand,
when nature can do her work with five. Dryden.
That offix hath many refpedts in it, not only for the
days of the creation, but its natural confideration, as being a
perfedt number. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Six andfeven. n. f. To be at fix andfeven, is to be in a ftate of
diforder and confufion.
All is uneven, *
And every thing is left atfix andfeven. Shakefpeare.
In 1588, there fat in the fee of Rome a fierce thundring
friar, that would fet all atfix andfeven, or at fix and five, if
you allude to his name.
What blinder bargain e re was driv’n.
Or wager laid at fix andJeven.
John once, turned his mother out of doors, to his great
forrow ; for his affairs went on atfixes and [evens. Arbuthnot.
The goddefs would no longer wait;
But raifing from her chair of ftate.
Left all below atfix andfeven,
Harnefs’d her doves and flew to heav’n. Swift.
SIXPENCE
Bacon.
Hudibras.
S I Z S K E
Sixpence, n.f [fx and pence."] A coin; half a {hilling;
Where have you left the money that I gave you ?
Oh \~fxpence that I had. Sbakcfpeare.
The wifeft man might blufh.
If D—lov’d fxpence more than he. Pope.
Sixsco're. adj. [fix and /core.'] Six times twenty.
S:\fcore and five miles it containeth in circuit. Sandy:.
The crown of Spain hath enlarged the bounds thereof with¬
in this lafty£*y?'/7v years, much more than the Ottomans. Bacon.
SixteeV. adj. [pxryne, Saxon.] Six and ten.
I have been beggingfixteen years in court. Shakefpeare.
It returned the voice thirteen times ; and I have heard of
others that it would return fixteen times. Bacon.
If men lived but twenty years, we fhould be fatisfied if they
died aboutfixteen or eighteen. Taylor.
Sixteenth, adj. [pxteojia, Saxon.] The fixth after the tenth ;
the ordinal of fixteen.
The firlt lot came forth to Jehoiarib, the fxtecnth to Immer* i Chron. xxiv. 14.
Sixth, adj. [yixta, Saxon] The firft after the fifth; the
ordinal of fix.
You are more clement than vile men,
Who of their broken debtors take
A ftxth., letting them thrive again. Shakefpeare.
T here fucceeded to the kingdom of England James the
then king ofScotland. Bacon.
Sixth, n.f. [from the adje&ive.] A fixth part.
Only the other half would have been a tolerable feat for
rational creatures, and five fixths of the whole globe would
have been rendered ufelefs. Cheyne's Philof Principles.
Sixthly, adv. [from fix.~\ In the fixth place.
Sixthly, living creatures have more diverfity of organs than
P^ants* _ Bacon.
Sixtieth, adj. pxteojofa, Saxon.] The tenth fix times
repeated ; the ordinal of fixty.
Let the appearing circle of the fire be three foot diameter,
and the time of one entire circulation of it thefixtieth part of
• a minute, in a whole day there will be but 86400 fuch
parts. Digby on Bodies.
Sixty, adj. fpxrig, Saxon.] Six times ten.
When the boats,were come within fixty yards of the pil¬
lar, they found themfelves all bound, and could go no far¬
ther. Bacon.
Of which 7 times 9, or the year 63, is conceived to carry
with it the moft confiderable fatality. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Size. n.f. [perhaps rather cfe, from incifa, Latin; or from
afffe5 French] Bulk; quantity of fupeificies; comparative
magnitude.
I ever narrified my friends.
With all the fze that verity
Would without lapfing fuffer. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
If any decayed {hip be new made, it is more fit to make her
a fze lefs than bigger. Raleigh.
The diftance judg’d for {hot of ev’ry fz<•,
The linftocks touch, the pond’rous ball expires. Dryden.
Objects near our view are thought greater than thofe of a
largerfize, that are more remote. Locke.
The martial goddefs.
Like thee, Telemachu , in vo ce andfze,
With fpeed divine, from ftreet to ftreet {he flies;
She bids the mariners prepare to ftand. Pope's Odyffey.
2. [djfife, old French.] A fettled quantity. In the following
paflage it feems to fignify the allowance of the table : whence
they fay afizer at Cambridge.
’Tis not in thee
To cut offmy train, to fcant my fizes,
And, in conclufion, to oppofe the bolt
Againfl my coming in. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
3. Figurative bulk ; condition.
I his agrees too in the contempt of men of a lefsfize apd
qurijv- L'Efrange.
i hey do not confider the difference between elaborate difcouries, delivered to princes or parliaments, and a plain fermon, intended for the middling or lower fze of people.
Swft.
4. [Sifa, Italian.J Any vifeous or glutinous fubftance.
ToSjZE. v. a. [from the noun.]
T. To adjuft, or arrange according to fize.
The foxes weigh the geefe they carry.
And ere they venture on a ftream,
Know howto fze themfelves and them. Hudibras.
Two troops fo match’d were never to be found,
Such bodies built for {Length, of equal age,
In ftature fz'd. Dryden's Knights Tale.
2. [From afffe.J To fettle; to fix.
There was a ftatute for difperfing the flandard of the ex¬
chequer throughout England; thereby to fze weights and
meafures. Bacon's Henry VII.
3. To cover with glutinous matter; to befmear with fize.
Si'zed. adj. [from fize.~\ Having a particular magnitude.
What my love is, proof hath made you know,
And as my love isfzdy my fear is fo. Shakefpeare.
9
That will be a great horfe to a. Welfhman, which is but a
fmall one to a Fleming; having, from the different breed
of their countries, taken feveral fzed ideas, to which they
compare their great and their little. Locke.
Si'zeable. adj. [from fze.] Reafonably bulky.
He fhould be purged, lweated, vomited, and ftarved, till
he come to a fzeable hulk. Arbuthnot,
Sizer, or Servitor, n.f. A certain rank of ftudents in the univerfities.
They make a fcramble for degree:
Maf - of all forts and of all ages,
Keepers, fub fifer's, lackeys, pages. Bp. Co’bet.
Si'zers. n. j: See Scissars.
A buttrice and pincers, a hammer and naile,
An apron and fizen for head and for taile. Tuffer.
Si'ziness. n.f. [from fzyi] Glutinoufnefs; vifeofity.
In rheumatifms, thefzinfs palTes off thick contents in the
urine, or glutinous fweats. Flyer on the Humours.
Cold is capable of producing a fzinefs and vifeofity in the
blood. Arbuthnot.
Si'zy. adj. [from fze.] Vifeous; glutinous.
The blood is fizyy the alkalefcent falts in the ferum produ¬
cing coriaceous concretions. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Ska'ddle. n. f. [ycea^niyye, Saxon] Hurt; damage. Dipt.
Ska ddons-. n. f. The embryos of bees. Bailey.
Skein, n. J. [ejeaigne, French.] A knot of thread or filk
wound and doubled.
Why art thou then exafperate, thou idle immaterial Jkein
of fley’d filk, thou taffel of a prodigal’s purfe ? Shakefp.
Our file Ihould be like a fkein of filk, to be found by the
right thread, not ravelPd or perplexed. Then all is a knot,
a heap. Ben. JohnJon.
Befides, fo lazy a brain as mine is, grows foon weary when
it has fo entangled a fkan as this to unwind. Digby.
Skai’nsmate. n f. [f fuppofe fromfkain, or Jkeany a knife,
and matey a meffmate.] It is remarkable that mesy Dutch,
is a knife.
Scurvy knave, I am none of his flirt gilE ;
I am none of hisf’ainfmates. Shakefpeare's Romeo and Juliet.
Skate, n.J. [yceabba, Saxon.]
I. A flat fea fifh.
2- A lort of fhoe armed with iron, for Aiding on the ice;
They fweep
On founfrmvfkates a thoufand different ways,
In circling poife fwift as the winds. Thomfon.
SKEAf. n.J. [Irifhand Erfe; j-agene, Saxon.] A fhort fword;
a knife.
Any difpofed to do mifehief, may under his mantle privily
carry his head-piece,jkean, or piftol, to be always ready. Spenj'er.
1 he Irifh did not fail in courage or fiercenefs, but being
only armed with darts and fkeinesy it was rather an execution
than a fight upon them. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Skeg n.f. A wild plum.
Ske ggeR. n f.
Little falmons called fkeggers, are bred of fuch fick falmon
that might not go to the fea, and though they abound, yet
never thrive to any bignefs. Walton's Angler.
Ske'leton. n.f. [<rx£A/Iof, Greek.]
1. [In anatomy.] The bones of the body preferved together
as much as can be in their natural fituation. ffuincey.
When rattling bones together fly.
From the four corners of the Iky ;
When finews o’er theJkeletons are fpread,
J hofe cloth’d with flefh, and life infpires the dead. Dryden.
A fkeletony in outward figure, -j
His meagre corps, though full of vigour, C
Would halt behind him were it bigger. Swift, j
2. The compages of the principal parts.
The great ftrudfure itfelf, and its great integrals, the hea¬
venly and elementary bodies, are framed in fuch a pofition
and fituation, the greatJkeleion of the world. Hale.
The fchernes of any of the arts or fciences may be ana¬
lyzed in a fort ofJkeleton, and reprefented upon tables, with
the various dependencies of their feveral parts. Watts.
Ske'llum. nf. [Jkelm, German.] A villain ; a fcoundrel. Skin.
Skep. n.f [ycepjpen, lower Saxon, to draw.]
1. Skep is a fort of bafket, narrow at the bottom, and wide
at the top to fetch corn in.
A pitchforke, a doongforke, feeve, Jkep, and a bin. Tuffer.
2. In Scotland, the repofitories where the bees lay their ho¬
ney is fti 1 called Jkep.
Sk'eptick. n f. [<rxi7flofxoo, Gr.feeptique, French.] One who
doubts, or pretends to doubt of every thing.
Bring the caufe unto the bar; whofe authority none muft
difclaim, and leaf! of all thofejcepticks in religion. Dec. of Piety.
Survey ’J •'*
Nature’s extended face, thenfepticks fay,
In this wide field of wonders can you find
No art. ,
W.th too much knowledge for the fiepticks fide,
it 1 too much weaknefs for the ftoicks pride,
Man hangs between. p0pe's EJfav on Man.
The
S K 1
The dogmatift is fure of every thing, and the feeptick be¬
lieves nothing. JVatts s Logit •.
Skeptical, adj. [from skeptick.] Doubtful; pretending to
univerfal doubt.
May the Father of mercies confirm the fceptical and wa¬
vering minds, and fo prevent us that (land faft, in all our do¬
ings, and further us with his continual help. _ Bentley.
Ske'pticism. n.f. [fcepticifme, French, fromfeeptick.] Univer¬
fal doubt; pretence or profeflion of univerfal doubt.
I laid by my natural diffidence and fcepticifm for a while, to
take up that dogmatick way. Dryden.
Sketch, n.f [fchedula, Latin.] An outline; a rough draughts
a firft plan. . n ,
I {hall not attempt a character of his prefent majeity, hav¬
ing already given an imperfect Jketch of it. Add-on.
As the lighted Jketch, if juftly trac’d, 1
Is by ill colouring but the more difgrac’d, >
So by falfe learning is good fenfe defac’d. Pope. 3
To Sketch, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To draw, by tracing the outline.
If a picture is daubed with many glaring colours, the vuL
gar eye admires it; whereas he judges very contemptuoufly of
fome admirable defign Jketched out only with a black pen¬
cil, though by the hand of Raphael. Watts’s Logick.
2. To plan, by giving the firft or principal notion.
The reader I’ll leave in the midft of filence, to contemplate
thofe ideas which I have only fetch’d, and which every man
muft finifh for himfelf. Dryden s Dufrcfnoy.
Ske'wer. n.f. [ Jkere, Danifh.] A wooden or iron pin, ufed
to keep meat in form.
Sweet breeds and collops were withfewers prick’d
About the fides. Dryden s Iliad.
From his rug the fewer he takes.
And on the flick ten equal notches makes. Swift*
I once may overlook,
A fewer fent to table by my cook. King.
Send up meat well ftuck withJkewers, to make it look round;
and an 'wonfewer, when rightly employed, will make it look
handfomer. Swift’s Directions to the Cook.
To Skewer, v. a. [from the noun.] To fallen with fkewers.
Skiff, n.f [efuife, French\jcapha, Lat.] A fmall light boat.
If in two fiffs of cork, a loadftone and fteel be placed with¬
in the orb of their activities, the one doth not move, the other
Handing ftill; but both fleer into each other.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
In a poor fiffhe pafs’d the bloody main,
Choak’d with the flaughter’d bodies of his train. Dryden»
On Garrway cliffs
A favage race by fhipwreck fed.
Lie waiting for the founder’dfffs.
And ftrip the bodies of the dead. _ Swift.
Ski'lful. adj. [fill and full.] Knowing; qualified with (kill 5
pofleffing any art; dexterous; able.
His father was a man of Tyre, fitful to work in gold and
fdver. iCbron. ii. 14.
They {hall call the hufbandman to mourning, and fuch as
are fitful of lamentation, to wailing. Amos v. 16.
Will Vafer isfitful at finding out the ridiculous fide of a
(iiing, and placing it in anew light. Taller.
Say, Stella, feel you no content.
Reflecting on a life well fpent;
Yourfitful hand employ’d to fave
Delpairing wretches from the grave :
And then" fupporting with your ftore
Thofe whom you dragg’d from death before.’ Szvift.
InftruCtors fhould not only he fitful in thofe fciences which
they teach; but have (kill in the method of teaching, and
patience in the practice. Waits s Improvement ofthe Mind.
Ski'lfully. adv. [fromfitful] With Ml; with art; with
uncommon ability; dexteroufly.
As foon as he came near me, in fit diftance, with much fury,
but with furyfilfully guided, he ran upon me. Sidney.
Ulyfles builds a {hip with his own hands, filfully as a
fhipwright. Broome.
Ski'lfulness. n.f. [from fitful] Art; ability; dextroufnefs.
He fed them according to the integrity of his heart, and
guided them by thefilfulnefs of his hands. Pfalrns lxxviii. 72.
Skill, n.f [fit, Iflandick.]
1. Knowledge of any practice or art; readineft in any pra¬
ctice; knowledge; dexterity; artfulnefs.
Skill in the weapon is nothing without fack. Shakefpearc.
You have
As littlefill to fear, as I have purpofe
To put you to’t. Shakefpearc,
Oft nothing profits more
Than felf-eftcem grounded on juft and right,
Well manag’d ; of that skill the more thou know’ft.
The more fhe will acknowledge thee her head. Milton.
J will from wond’rcus principles ordain
A race unlike the firft, and try my fill again. Dryden.
S K I
Phocion the Athenian general, then ambafLdor from the
ftate, by his great wifdom and fill at negotiations, diverted
Alexander from the conqueft of Athens, and lehored the Athe¬
nians to his favour. - <Svjift.
2. Any particular art.
Learned in one fill, and in another kind of learning un*
fkilful. Hooker.
To Skill, v. n. [filia, Iflandick.]
1. To be knowing in ; to be dextrous at.
They thatfill not of fo heavenly matter.
All that they know not, envy or admire. Spcnfer.
The overfeers were all that could fill of inftruments of
mufick. ^ Chron. xxxiv. 12.
One man of wifdom, experience, learning, and direction,
may judge better in thofe things that he can fill of, than ten
thoufand others that be ignorant. Wbitgifte.
2. [Skilia, Iflandick, fignifies to diftinguifti ] To differ; to
make difference; to intereft; to matter. Not in ufe.
Whether the commandments of God in fcripture be gene¬
ral or fpeeial, itfilieth not. Hooker.
What fills it, if a bag of ftones or gold
About thy neck do drown tb.ee r raife thy head,
Take ftars for money; flars not to be told.
By any art: yet to be purchas d.
None is fo waftful as the (craping dame.
She lofeth three for one ; her foul, fell, fame. Herbert.
He intending not to make a fummer bulinefi of it, but a
refolute war, without term prefixed, until he had recovered
France, itfilled not much when he began the war, efpecially having Calais at his back where he might winter. Bacon.
Skilled, adj. [fromfill.] Knowing; dextrous; acquainted
with.
Of thefe nor skilled nor ftudious. Milton.
Mofes, in all the Egyptian arts wasfill’d.
When heav’nly power that chofen veflel fill’d. Denham.
He muft be very little fill’d in the world, who thinks that
a voluble tongue (hall accompany only a good underftanding. _ , Locke..
SkFlless. adj. [fromfill.] Wanting art. Not in ufe.
Nor have I feen
More that I may call men than you :
How features are abroad I’m fillefs of. Shakefpearc.
Jealoufly what might befal your travel,
"Beingfillefs in thefe parts; which to a ftranger
Unguided and unfriended, often prove
Rough and unhofpitable. Shakefpeare’s Twelfth Night.
Thy wit, that ornament to fhape and love,
Miftiapen in the cojiduCt of them both.
Like powder in a fillefs foldier’s flalk
Is fet on fire. Shakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
Ski'llet. n.f [efcuellette, French.] A fmall kettle or boiler.
When light-wing’d toys
Of feather’d Cupid foil with wanton dullnefs
My fpeeulative and offic’d inftruments,
Let houfe-wives make a fillet of my helm,
And all indign and bafe adverfities
Make head againft my eftimation. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Break all the wax, and in a kettle or fillet fet it over a
foft fire. Mortimer’s Hufiandry.
Skilt. n.f. [A word ufed by Cleaveland, of W’hich I know
not either the etymology or meaning ]
Smeitymnus ! ha! what art ?
Syriack? Or Arabick? Or Welfti ? Whatfilt?
Ape all the bricklayers that Babel built. ^ Cleaveland.
To Skim. v. a. [properly to Jcum, fromfeum; efeume, French ]
1. To clear off from the upper part, by pafling a veflel a little
below the furface.
My coz Tom, or his coz Mary,
Who hold the plough orfim the dairy.
My fav’rite books, and pi&ures fell. Prior.
2. To take by fkimming.
She boils in kettles muft of wine, and f'tms
With leaves the dregs that overflow the brims. Dryden.
His principal ftudies were after the works of Titian, whofe
cream he hasfimm’d. Dryden’s Dufref.oy.
The furface of the fea is covered with its bubbles, while
it rifes, which they skim off into their boats, and afterwards
feparate in pots. Aditijon.
Whilome I’ve feen her skim thecloated cream.
And prefs from fpongy curds the milky ftream. Gay.
3. To brufti the furface (lightly ; to pafs very near the furface.
Nor feeks in air her humble flight to raife,
Content to fim the furface ofthe leas. Ct enThe fwallowftms the river’s watry face. Dryden.
A winged eaftern blaftjuft skimming o er
The ocean’s brow, and finking on the ftiore. Prior.
4. To cover fuperficially. Improper.
Dang’rous flats in fecret ambufh lay.
Where the falfe tidesfkim o’er the cover d land,
And feamen with diilembled depths betray. Drynen.
To
S K I S K I
To Skim v. n. To pafs lightly ; to glide along.
Thin airv fliapes o’er the furrows rife,
A dreadful fcene ! and flim before his eyes. Addfon.
When Ajax drives fome rock’s vad weight to throw,
The line too labours, and the words move flow ;
Not fo when fvvift Camilla fcours the plain,
Flies o’er th’ unbending corn, andJkhns along the main. Pope.
Such as have adiive fpirits, who are everJkimming over the
furface of things with a volatile fpirit, will fix nothing in their
memory. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Thzyjkitn over a fcience in a very fuperficial furvey, and
never lead their difciples into the depths of it. Watts.
The boat, lightJkimming, dretch’d his oary wings. Thomf
Ski'mblesk amble. adj. [Acantword formed by reduplica¬
tion fromfcamble.] Wandering; wild.
A couching lion and a ramping cat.
And fuch a deal of Jkimblefkamble fluff.
As puts me from my faith. Skakefpeare.
Ski'mmer. n. f. [from Jkim.] A (hallow veffel with which
the feum is taken off.
Wafh your wheat in three or four waters, dirring it round;
and with a Jklmmer, each time, take off the light. Mortimer.
Sk'i mmilk. n. f. [Jkim and milk.] Milk from which the cream
has been taken.
Then cheefe was brought: fays Slouch, this e’en fhall roll;
This isfiimmilk, and therefore it fhall go. King.
SKIN, n.f [Jkind, Danifh.]
1. The natural covering of the flefh. It confids of the cuticle,
outward fkin, or fcarf fkin, which is thin and infenfible, and
the cutis, or inner fkin, extremely fenfible.
The body is confumed to nothing, the Jkin feeling rough
'and dry like leather. Harvey on Confumptions.
The pried onfkins of ofF’rings takes his eafe.
And nightly vifions in his dumber fees. Dryden's Ain.
2. Hide; pelt; that which is taken from animals to make parch¬
ment or leather.
3. The body ; the perfon.
We meet with many of thefe dangerous civilities, wherein
’tis hard for a man to fave both hisJkin and his credit. L'Eftr.
To Skin. v. a. [from the noun.]
j. To flay; to flrip or dived of the fkin.
The beavers run to the door to make their efcape, are there
intangled in the nets, feized by the Indians, and immediately
fkinned. Ellis’s Voyage,
2. To cover with the fkin.
It will butJkin and film the ulcerous place,
Whild rank corruption, mining all within,
Infe&s unfeen. Skakefpeare.
Authority, though it err like others,
Has yet a kind of medicine in itfelf.
ThatJkins the vice o’ th’ top. Sbakefp. Mcaf.for Mcaf
The wound wasfkinned; but the drength of his thigh was
not redored. Dryden.
It only patches up and Jkins it over, but reaches not to the
bottom of the fore. Locke.
The lad dage of healing, or Jkinning over, is called cica¬
trization. Sharp's Surgery.
3. To cover fuperficially.
What I took for folid earth was only heaps of rubbifh,
fkinned over with a covering of vegetables. AddiJ'on.
Skink. n.f. [ycenc, Saxon.J
1. Drink; any thing potable.
2. Pottage.
Scotch Jkink, which is a pottage of drong nourifhment, is
made with the knees and finews of beef, but long boiled : jel¬
ly alfo ©f knuckles of veal. Bacon's Nat. HiJlory.
To Skink. v. n. [ycencan, Saxon.] To ferve drink. Both
noun and verb are wholly obfolete.
Ski'nker. n. j. [from fkink.~\ One that ferves drink.
I give thee this pennyworth of fugar, clapt even now into
my hand by an underJkinker-, one that never fpalce other Englifh in his life, than eight fhillings and fix pence, and you are
welcome, fir. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
Hang up all the poor hop-drinkers,
Cries old Sym, the king of Jkinkcrs. Ben. Jobnfon.
His mother took the cup the clown had fill’d :
The reconciler bowl went round the board,
Which, empty’d, the rude Jkinker (till reftor’d. Dryden.
Ski'nned. adj. [fromJkin.] Having the nature of fkin or lea¬
ther ; hard ; callous.
When the ulcer becomes foul, and difeharges a nady ichor,
the edges in procefs of time tuck in, and, syovjmgjkinned and
hard, give it the name of callous. Sharp’s Surgery.
Ski'nner. n.J. [fromJkip ] A dealer in fkins.
Ski'nniness. n.f. [from Jkinny.] The quality of being fkinny.
Ski'nnv. adj. [from Jkin ] Confiding only of fkin; wanting
flefh. °
Her choppy finger laying
Upon herfkinny lip3„ Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Lead the afperity of thefe cartilages of the windpipe fbould
hurt the gullet, which is tender, and of a Jkinny fubdance,
thefe annulary gridles are not made round ; but where the gul¬
let touches the windpipe, there, to fill up the circle, is only a
foft membrane, which may eafily give way. Ruy on the Croatia .
His fingers meet
In Jkinny films, and fhape his oary feet. A Idfon's Ovid.
To SKIP. v. n. [fquittire, Italian ; efqurer, French. I know
not whether it may not come from fcape,]
1. To fetch quick bounds; to pafs by quick leaps; to bound
lightly and joyfully.
Wasnotlfrael a derifion unto thee ? Was he found among
thieves ? For fince thou fpaked of him, thou fkippedjl for
joy. for. xlviii. 2ji
The queen, bound with love’s powerful’d charm, 1
Sat with Pigwiggen arm in arm : >
Her merry maids, that thought no harm, >
About the room were Jkipping. Drayton.
At fpur or fwitch no more heJkipt,
Or mended pace, than Spaniard whipt. Hudibras.
The earth-born race
O’er ev’ryhill and verdant padure dray.
Skip o’er the lawns, and by the rivers play. Blu.kmo-e.
John Jkipped from room to room, ran up flairs and down
dairs, peeping into every cranny. Arbuthn. Hijl. ofJ. Bull.
Thus each hand promotes the pleafing pain,
And quick fenfationsJkip from vein to vein. Pope’s Duncled.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day,
Had he thy reafon, would heJkip and play ? Pope,
2. To pafs without notice.
Pope Pius II. was wont to fay, that the former popes did
wifely to fet the lawyers a-work to debate, whether the dona¬
tion of Condantine the.Great to Sylveder of St. Peter’s patri¬
mony were good or v. lid in law or 'no; the better to flip over
the matter in faiSf, whether there was ever any fuch thing at all
or no. Bacon's Apophthegms.
A gentleman made it a rule, in reading, to /kip over all fentences where he fpied a note of admiration at the end. Swif.
To Skip. v. a. [e• 'quirer, French ] To mifi; to pafs.
Let not thy fword Jkip one :
Pity not honour’d age for his white beard ;
He is an u fin er. Sbakefp. Timon of Athens.
Although to engage very far in fuch a nietaphyfical fpeculation were unfit, when I only endeavour to explicate fluidity,
yet we dare not quiteJkip it over, led we be accufed of over¬
ling it. Boyle.
They who have a mind to fee the ifiue mayJkip thefe two
chapters, and proceed to the following. ^ Burnet.
Skip. n. J. [from the verb,] A light leap or bound.
He looked very curioufly upon himfelf, fometimes fetching
a little Jkip, as if he had faid his drength had not yet forfaken
fi *m Sidney.
You will make fo large a Jkip as to cad yourfelf from the
land into the water. Morfs Antidote againjl Atbeifm.
Sk'ipjack. n.f. [Jkip and jack.] An updart.
'1 he want of fhame or brains does not prefently entitle
every little Jkipjack to the board’s end in the cabinet. L'Ejtr.
Ski'pkennel. n. f [Jkip and kennel.] A lackey ; a footboy.
Ski'pper. n.f [Jchipper, Dutch.J A fhipmader or fbipboy.
Are not you afraid of being drowned too ? No, not I, fays
thzflipper. _ L’Ejhange.
No doubt you will return very much improved.-Yes,
refined like a Dutch Jlcipper from a whale-fidiing. Congreve.
Ski'ppet. n.f [Probably fromflijf-] A frna 1 boat.
Upon the bank they fitting did efpy
A dainty damfel, drefling of her hair,
By whom a littleflippet floating did appear. Fairy Vhieen.
Ski'rmisii. n.f [from ys and carrn, Welth, the fhout of war:
whence yfgarm, and yfgarmes, old Britifh words. Maes a mw
fgarmes a zvnan, fays an ancient writer. Efcarmouche, French.]
1. A flight fight: lefs than a fet battle.
One battle, yes, a flirmijh more there was
With adverfe fortune fought by Cartifmand ;
Her fubje&s mod revolt. Philips's Briton.
2. Aconted; a contention.
There is a kind of merry war betwixt fignior Benedick and
her : they never meet but there’s a JkirmiJh of wit. Sbakefp.
Thefe fkirmiji.es expire not with the fird propugners of the
opinions : they perhaps began as fingle duellers ; but then they
foon have their partifans and abettors, who not only enhance
but intail the feud to poderity. Decay ofPiety.
To Ski'rmish. v. n. [efcarmoucher, French; from the noun. ]
To fight loofely; to fight in parties before or after the fhock
of the main battle.
Ready to charge, and to retire at will;
Though broken, fcatter’d, fled, they flirmijh dill. Fairfax.
A gentleman volunteer, JkirmiJhing with the enemy before
Worceder, was run through his arm in the middle of the
b.ceps w.th a fword, and fhot with a mufket-bullet in the fame
°V\\Cr r. u i i- n. . . Wifemail's Surgery.
'. pa.s by the little JkirmiJhings on either fide. Aiterbury.
Skirmisher, n.f [fromfiirmijh.1 He who fleirmidles. Ainf
o . kirre. v. a. [ I his word feems to be derived from ycip,
axon, pure, clean ; unlefs it fhall be rather deduced from
outlaw.] j o fcour; to ramble over in orJer to dear.
74 F Send
SKR SKY
Send out more horres, Jkirre the country round;
Hang thofe that talk of fear. Shakefp. Macbeth.
To Skirre. v. n. To fcour; to feud; to run in hafte.
We’U make themJkirre away as fwift as {tones
Enforced from the old Affyrian flings. Shakefp. Henry V.
Ski'rret. n.f [fifarutn, Latin.] A plant.
It produces its flowers in an umbel, which confifts of feveral leaves placed circularly, and expanded in form of a rofe:
the empalement afterward becomes a fruit, compofed of two
narrow feeds, that are gibbous, and furrowed on one fide, but
plain on the other. The roots are fhaped like long turneps,
and are joined to one head. Miller.
Skirrets are a fort of roots propagated by feed. Mortimer.
SkiRT. n.f. [fkiorte, Swedifli.]
1. The loofe edge of a garment; that part which hangs loofc
below the waift.
It’s but a nightgown in rcfpe£t of yours; cloth of gold and
cuts, fide fleeves and fkirts, round underborne with a bluilh
tinfel. Shakefp. Much Ado about Nothing.
As Samuel turned about to go away, he laid hold upon the
Jhirt of his mantle, and it rent. I Sa. XV. 27.
2. The edge of any part of the drefs.
A narrow lace, or a fmall Jkirt of ruffled linen, which runs
along the upper part of the flays before, and croffes the breaft,
being a part of the tucker, is called the modefty-piece. Addifon.
3. Edge; margin; border; extreme part.
He {hould feat himfelf at Athie, upon the Jkirt of that un¬
quiet country. 1 Spenfer on Ireland.
Ye miffs, that rife
From hill or {learning lake, dulky or grey,
’Till the fun paint your fleecyfkirts with gold,
In honour to the world’s great Author rife. Milton.
Though I fled him angry, yet recall’d
To life prolong’d, and promis’d race, I now
Gladly behold, though but his utmoftfkirts
Of glory, and far off his fteps adore. Milt. Parad. LoJl.
The northern fkirts that join to Syria have entered into the
conquefts or commerce of the four great empires; but that
which feems to have fecured the other is the ftony and fandy
defarts, through which no army can pafs. Temple.
Upon thefkirts
Of Arragon our fquander’d troops he rallies. Dryden.
To Skirt, v. a. [from the noun.] To border; to run along
the edge.
Templefeirteth this hundred on the wafte fide. Carew.
Of all thefe bounds.
With fhadowy forefts and with champions rich’d.
With plenteous rivers and wide Jkirted meads.
We make thee lady. Shakefpeare.
The middle pair
Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold. Milton.
A fpacious circuit on the hill there flood.
Level and wide, and Jkirted round with wood. Addifon.
SKITTISH, adj. [Jkyc, Danilh; fchew, Dutch.]
1. Shy ; eafily frighted
A reftiff fkittijh jade had gotten a trick of rifing, ftarting,
and flying out at his own fhadow. L'Ejlrange.
2. Wanton ; volatile ; hafty ; precipitate.
Now expedition, ticklingfkittijh fpirits,
Sets all on hazard. Shakefpeare.
He ftill refolv’d, to mend the matter,
T’ adhere and cleave the obftinater;
And ftill the fkittijher and loofer,
Her freaks appear’d to fit the clofer. Hudibras.
-3. Changeable; fickle.
Some men fleep in fkittijh fortune’s hall,
While others play the ideots in her eyes. Shakefpeare.
Such as I am, all true lovers are;
Unftaid andJkittif) in all notions elfe,
Save in the conftant image of the creature
That is belov’d. Shak. Twelfth Night.
Ski'ttishly. adv. [fromfkittifs.'] Wantonly; uncertainly;
fickly.
Ski'ttishness. n.f [from JkittiJh.'] Wantonnefs; ficklenefs.
Skonce. 71.f. [See Sconce.]
Reinard ranfacketh every corner of his wily Jkonce, and
beftirreth the utmoft of his nimble ftumps to quit his coat
from their jaws. Carew.
Skreen, n.f. [eferan, eferein, French, which Minjhew derives
fromfecerniculum, Latin. Nimis violenter ut folet, fays Skin¬
ner, which may be true as to one of the fenfes; but if the firft
fenfe ofJkreen be a kind of coarfe fteve or riddle, it may per¬
haps come, if not from cribrum, from fome of the defeendants
or cerno.J
1. A riddle or coarfe fieve.
A flmttle orJkreen to rid foil fro’ the corn. Tujfer.
Any thing by wh.ch the fun or weather is kept off.
Shelter; concealment. r
Fenc’d from day, by night’s eternalJkreen:
Unknown to hcav’n, and to myfdf unfeen. Dryden.
2.
To Skreen. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To ridd'e; to fift. A term yet ufed among mafons when
they fift fand for mortar.
7. To {hade from fun or light, or weather.
3. To keep off light or weather.
The curtains clofelydrawn, the light toJkreen :
Thus cover’d with an artificial night,
Sleep did his office. Dryden.
The waters mounted up into the air: their interpofition be¬
twixt the earth and the fun Jkreen and fence off the heat,
otherwife infupportable. Woodward's Natural Hijlory.
4. To {helter; to protedl.
Ajax interpos’d
His fevehfold fhield, andJkreen'dLaertes’ fon,
When the infulting Trojans urg’d him fore. Philips.
He that travels with them is toJkreen them, and get them
out when they have run themfelves into the briars. Locke.
His majefty encouraged his fubje&s to make mouths at their
betters, and afterwardsJkreened them from punilhment. Spefi.
The feales, of which the fcarf-fkin is compofed, are defigned to fence the orifices of the fecretory dudts of the miliary
glands, and to Jkreen the nerves from external injuries. Cheyne.
Skue. adj. [Of this word there is found no fatisfa&ory deri¬
vation.] Oblique; fidelong. It is moft ufed in the adverb
afkue.
Several have imagined that thisfkue pofture of the axis is a
moft unfortunate thing; and that if the poles had been ere£t
to the plane of the ecliptick, all mankind would have enjoyed
a very paradife. Bentley.
To Skulk, v. n. To hide; to lurk in fear or malice.
Difcover’d, and defeated of your prey,
You Jkulk’d behind the fence, and fneak’d away. Dryden.
SKULL, n.f [Jkiola, Iflandick; Jkatti, Iflandick, a head.]
1. The bone that inclofes the head: it is made up of feveral
pieces, which, beingjoined together, form a confiderable cavity,
which contain the brain as in a box, and it is proportionate
to the bignefs of the brain. Its figure is round, and a little
depreffed on its fides. The feveral pieces, of which the Ikull
is compofed, are joined together by futures, which makes it
lefs apt to break: thefe pieces or bones are fix proper and two
common, and each is made up of two tables, or laminae, be¬
tween which there is a thin and fpongious fubftance, made of
fome bony fibres, which come from each lamina, called in
Greek JWAor, and in Latin meditullium. In it are a great
many veins and arteries, which bring blood for the nourilhment of the bones. The tables are hard and folid, becaufe in
them the fibres of the bones are clofe to one another. The
diploe is foft, becaufe the bony fibres are at a greater diftance
from one another. The external lamina is fmooth, and co¬
vered with the pericranium : the internal is likewife fmooth j
but on it are feveral furrows, made by the pulfe of the arteries
of the dura mater, whilft the cranium was foft and yield¬
ing. Quincy.
Some lay in dead mensfkulls; and ih thofe holes,
WTere eyes did once inhabit, there were crept.
As ’twere in fcorn of eyes, reflecting gems. Shakef R. III.
With redoubled ftrokes he plies his head ;
But drives the batter’dJkull within the brains. Dryden.
2. [Sceole, Saxon, a company.] A Ihoal. See Scull.
Repair to the river where you have feen them lwim inJkulls
or Ihoals. Walton.
Sku'llcap. n.f A headpiece.
Sku'llcap. n.f [caffida, Latin.] A plant.
The florets are longifh, one in each ala of the leaves: the
upper leaf is galeated like an helmet, with two auricles adjoin¬
ing : the under leaf, for the moft part, is divided into two:
the calyx, having a cover, contains a fruit refembling the heel
of a flipper or {hoe. Miller.
SKY. n f. [Jky, Danifti.]
1. The region which furrounds this earth beyond the atmofphere. It is taken for the whole region without the earth.
The mountains their broad backs upheave
Into the clouds, their tops afeend theJky. Milton.
The maids of Argos, who with frantick cries,
And imitated lowings, fill’d theJkies. . Rofcomnm.
Raife all thy winds, with night involve the Jkies,
Sink, or difperle. Dryden’s JEn.
2. The heavens.
The thunderer’s bolt you know,
Sky planted, batters all rebelling coafts. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
What is this knowledge but thefky ftol’n fire,
For which the thief ftill chain’d in ice doth fit. Davies.
Wide is the fronting gate, and rais’d on high.
With adamantine columns threats thefky. Dryden.
3. The weather.
Thou wert better in thy grave, than to anfwer with thy un¬
covered body this extremity of the Jkies. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Sky'ey. adj. [from Jky. Not very elegantly formed.] Ethereal.
A breath thou art,
Servile to all the fkicy influences,
That do this habitation, where thou keep’ft.
Hourly afflict. Shakefp. Meafure for Meafure.
1 Sky'colour.
SLA
Sky'colour. n.f. [fky and colour.] An azure colour; the 2.
colour of the fky.
A folution as clear as water, with only a light touch offkycolour, but nothing near fo high as the ceruleous tindure of
filver. Boyle. 3*
Sky'coloured. adj. [fky and colour.] Blue; azure; like the
fky.
This your Ovid himfelf has hinted, when he tells us that
the blue water nymphs are dreffed in Jkycoloured garments. Add.
Sky'dyed. adj. [fky and dye.] Coloured like the fky.
There figs, fkydyed, a purple hue difclofe Pope.
Sky'ed. adj. [fromfky.] Envelloped by the (kies. This is unufual and unauthorifed.
The pale deluge floats
O’er the fky d mountain to the (hadowy vale. Thomfon.
Sk y'ish. adj. [fromJky.] Coloured by the ether; approaching
the fky.
Of this flat a mountain you have made,
T’ o’ertop old Pelion, or the fkyijh head
Of blue Olympus. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Sky'lark. n.f. [fky and lark.] A lark that mounts and
lings*
He next proceeded to the fkylark, mounting up by a proper
fcale of notes, and afterwards falling to the ground with a
very eafy defcent. Spectator.
..Sky'light. n.f. [fky and light.] A window placed in a room,
not laterally, but in the deling.
A monftrous fowl dropt through the fkylight, near his wife’s
apartment. Arbutbn. and Pope's Mart. Scriblerus.
Skyrocket, n.f. [fky and rocket.] A kind of firework,
which flies high and burns as it flies.
I confidered a comet, or in the language of the vulgar a
blazing ftar, as a [kyrocket difcharged by an hand that is al¬
mighty. Adelfort.
Slab. n.f.
1. A puddle. Ainfuuorth.
2. A plane of (lone: as, a marbleflab.
Slab. adj. [A word, I fuppofe, of the fame original withflabber,
orJlaver.] Thick; vifeous; glutinous.
Nofe of Turk, and Tartar’s lips ;
Finger of birth-ftrangl’d babe,
Ditch-deliver’d by a drab ;
Make the gruel thick and flab. Shakefp. Macbeth
To Sla'bber. v. n. [ flabben^flabberDutch.]
1. To let the fpittle fall from the mouth ; to drivel,
2. To fhed or pour anything. .
To Sla'bber. v. a.
1. To fmear with fpittle.
Heflabbered me all over, from cheek to cheek, with his great
tongue. . * Arbuthnot'$ Hijlory ofJohn Bull.
2. To filed ; to fpill.
The milk pan and cream pot fo flabber'd and foft.
That butter is wanting, and cheefe is half loft. Duffer.
Sla'bberer. n.f. [fromflabber.] He who flabbers.
Sla'bby. adj. [The fame with flab.]
1. Thick; vifeous.
In the cure of an ulcer, with a moift intemperies, flabby
and greafy medicaments are to be forborn, and drying to be
ufed. IVifeman's Surgery.
2. Wet; floody.
When waggifti boys the ftunted befom ply.
To rid the flabby pavements, pafs not by. Gay.
SLACK, adj. [yleac, Saxon; fakeny Iflandick; yflack, Welfh ;
laxusy Latin.]
j. Nottenfe; not hard drawn; loofe.
The vein in the arm is that which Aretreus commonly
opens; and he gives a particular caution in this cafe to make
a flack compreflion, for fear of exciting a convulfion. Arbutlm.
2. Remifs; not diligent; not eager; not fervent.
Thus much help and furtherance is more yielded, in that, if
fo be our zeal and devotion to Godward be flacky the alacrity
and fervour of others ferveth as a prefent fpur. Hooker.
Seeing his foldiersflack and timorous, he reproved them of
Knolles.
j
Moxon's Mech. Exer.
Milton.
Ainfuuorth*
SLA
To lofe the power of cohefion.
The fire, in lime burnt, lies hid, fo that it appears to be cold;
but water excites it again, whereby itflacks and crumblesjnto
fine powder.
3. To abate. , Whence tbefe raging fires
WillJlacken, if his breath ftir not their flames.
4. To languifti; to fail; to flag.
To Slack. i
To Sla'cken. J
1. To loofen; to make lefs tight.
Ah generous youth, that wifli fofbeat;
Slack all thy fails, and fear to come.
Had Ajax been employ’d, ourJlackend fails
Had (till at Aulis waited happy gales.
2. To relax ; fo remit.
This makes the pulfes beat, and lungs refpire;
This holds the finews like a bridle’s reins.
And makes the body to advance, retire,.
To turn or ftop, as (he themflacks or (trains.
Taught power’s due ufe to people and to kings.
Taught nor to flack nor (train its tender firings.
Dryden.
Drydent
Davies.
Pope.
Waller.
Hudlbras.
Dryden. 1 o
cowardice and treafon.
Nor were it juft, would he refume that fhape,
Thatflack devotion (hould his thunder ’fcape.
Rebellion now began, for lack
Of zeal and plunder, to grow flack.
3. Not violent; not rapid.
Their pace was formal, grave, and flack:
His nimble wit out-ran the heavy pack.
A handful of flack dried hops fpoil many pounds, by taking
away their pleafant fmell. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
4. Relaxed; weak; not holding faft.
All his joints relax’d :
From hisflack hand the garland wreath’d for Eve
Down dropp’d, and all the faded rofes (hed. Milton.
To Sla'cken. |[fromthe adjeSire.
I. I o be remifs; to neglect.
When thou (halt vow a vow unto the Lord,fiack not to pay
it. Dcutr. xxiii. 21.
To eafe; to mitigate. Philips feems to have ufed it by miftake forfake. m Men, having been brought up at home under a ftridt rule of
duty, always reftrained by (harp penalties from lewd beha¬
viour, fo foon as they come thither, where they fee laws more
flackly tended, and the hard reftraint, which they were ufed
unto, nowflacked, they grow more loofe. Spenfer.
If there be cure or charm
To refpite or deceive, orflack the pain
Of this ill manfion. Milton's Paradife Lofl.
On our account has Jove,
Indulgent, to all moons fome fucculent plant
Allow’d, that poor helplels man mightflack
His prefent third, and matter find for toil. Philips.
. To remit for want of eagernefs.
My guards
Are you, great pow’rs, and th’ unbated ftrength
Of a firm confcience; which (hall arm each ftep
Ta’en for the ftate, and teach me flack no pace. Ben. Johnf.
With fuch delay well pleas’d, theyflack their courfe. Milt.
. To caufe to be remitted.
You may fooner by imagination quicken orflack a motion,
than raife or ceafe it; as it is eafier to make a dog go (lower
than make him (land (till. Bacon.
This dodlrine muft fuperfede andfacken all induftry and en¬
deavour, which is the lowed: degree of that which hath been
promifed to be accepted by Chrift; and leave nothing to us to
deliberate or attempt, but only to obey our fate. Hammond.
Extol not riches then, the toil of fools,
The wife man’s cumbrance, if not fnare; more apt
ToJlacken virtue, and abate her edge.
Than prompt her to do aught may merit praife. Milton.
Balls of this metalflack'dAtlanta’s pace.
And on the am’rous youth beftow’d the race. Wallert
One conduces to the poet’s aim, which he is driving on in
every line: the otherJlackens his pace, and diverts him from
his way. Dryden.
5. To relieve; to unbend.
Here have I feen the king, when great affairs
Gave leave to Jlacken and unbend his cares.
Attended to the chafe by all the flow’r
Of youth, whofe hopes a nobler prey devour. Denham.
7. Towith-hold; to ufe lefs liberally.
He that fo generally is good, muft of neceflity hold his vir¬
tue to you, whofe worthinefs would ftir it up where it wanted,
rather than flack it where there is fuch abundance. Shakefp.
8. To crumble; to deprive of the power of cohefion.
Some unflacked lime cover with allies, and let it (land ’till
rain comes toflack the lime; then fpread them together. Mort.
9. To negledf.
Why might not you, my lord, receive attendance
From thofe that (he calls fervants, or from mine ?
—If then they chanc’d to flack ye.
We could controul them. Shakefp. King Lear.
This good chance, that thus much favoureth,
He flacks not. Daniel's Civil War.
Slack not the good prefage, while heav’n infpires
Our minds to dare, and gives the ready fires. Dryden.
To reprefs; to make lefs quick or forcible.
I (hould be griev’d, young prince, to think my prefence
Unbent your thoughts, and facken'd ’em to arms. Addifn.
Slack, n.f [from the verb Lo fack.] Small coal; coal
broken in fmall parts.
Sla'ckly. adv. [from fack.]
1. Loofely ; not tightly ; not clofely*
2. Negligently; remifsly.
That a king’s children (hould be fo convey’d.
So flackly guarded, and the fearch fo flow
That could not trace them. Shakefpcare's Cymbelir.e.
Slackness,
S L A SLA
Slackness, n.f. [ fromfad. j
1. Loofenefs; not tightnefs.
2. Negligence; inattention; remiflnefs.
Itcomerneth the duty of the church by law to provide, that
the loofenefs and facknfs of men may not caul'e the com¬
mandments of God to be unexecuted. Hooker.
Thefe thy offices,
So rarely kind, are as interpreters
Of my behind-hand jlacknefs. Shak. Winter's Tale.
From man’s effeminate facknefs it begins,
Who fliould better hold his place
By wifdorn, and fuperior gifts receiv’d. Miltons Par. Lojl.
3. Want of tendency.
When they have no difpofition to fhoot out above their lips,
' there is aJlacknefs to heal, and a cure is very difficultly ef¬
fected. Sharp’s Surgery.
4. Weaknefs ; not force ; not intenfenefs.
Through the jlacknefs of motion, or long banifhment from
the air, it might gather fome aptnefs to putrefy. Brerewood.
Slag. n.f. The drofs or recrement of metal. 1
Not only the calces but the glafTes of metal may be of dif¬
fering colours from the natural colour of the metal, as I have
obferved about the glafs orflag of copper. Boyle.
Slaie. n.f A weaver’s reed. Ainfworth.
Sx ain The participle paffive of fay.
Thefain of the Lord fhall be many. If Ixvi. 16.
The king grew vain,
Fought all his battles o’er again ;
And thrive he routed all his foes, and thrice he flew the
fain. Dryden..
To Slake. v. a. [from f.uk, Skinner; from fock^ Iflandick,
to quench, Mr. Lye.]
1. To quench; to extinguish.
He did always ftrive
Himfelf with falves to health for to reftore,
And fake the heavenly fire that raged evermore. Fa. Queen.
If I digg’d up thy forefathers graves.
And hung their rotten coffins up in chains.
It could notfake mine ire, nor eafe my heart. Shakef H.VI.
She with her cold hand fakes
His fpirits, the fparks of life, and chills his heart. Crafiaw.
From lulus’ head a
A lambent flame arofe, which gently fpread t
Around his brows, and on his temples fed : J
Amaz’d, with running water we prepare
To quench the facred fire, and fake his hair. Dryden.
The fragrant fruit from bending branches Ihake,
And with the cryftal ftream their thirft at pleafurefake.
Blackmore’s Creation.
Coarfe are his meals, the fortune of the chace;
Amidft the running ftream he fakes his thirft. Addij'. Cato.
2. It is ufed < f lime, fo that it is uncertain whether the original
notjon of Tofac1 orfake lime be to powder or quench it.
That which he faw happened to be frefh lime, and gathered
before any rain had fallen tofake it. Woodward.
To Slake, v.n. [This is apparently from fack.'] To grow
lefs tenfe ; to be relaxed.
If fhe the body’s nature did partake.
Her ftrength would with the body’s ffrength decay;
But when the body’s ftrongeft fmtvjsfake.
Then is the foul moft aCtive, quick, and gay Davies.
T o Slam. v.a. [letna, Ifland ck ; Jchlagen, Dutch. ] To {laugh¬
ter; to crufh. A word not ufid but in low converfation.
To SLA'NDER. v.a. [efclaundriey French ; fcandalumy Latin.J
To cenfure falfely ; to belie.
Slander Valentine
With falfhood, cowardice, and poor defeent. Shakefpeare.
He hathfandered thy fervant unto the king. 2 Sa. xix. 27.
Give me leave to fpeak as earneftly in truly commending it,
as you have done in untruly and unkindly defacing andfanderinS Whitgifte.
Thou do’fl with lies the throne invade,
By pra&ice harden’d in thy fandering trade;
Obtending heav’n for whate’er ills befal,
And fputt’ring under fpecious names thy gall. Dryden.
Of all her dears fhe neverfonder’cl one,
But cares not if a tboufand are undone. Dryden.
Si. a'nder. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Falfe inve&ive.
Whenfanders do not live in tongues;
When cut-purfes come not to throngs. Shak. K. Lear.
Since that, we hear he is in arms,
We think not fo ;
Yet charge the conful with our harms,
That let him go :
» our cenfure of the flate
We itill do wander.
And make the careful magiftrate
The mark of jlandcr. Ben. Johnfan’s Catiline.
2. Difgrace; reproach.
Thoufonder of thy heavy mother’s womb !
Thou loathed iflue of thy father’s loins. Shakefp. R. Ill,
3.Difreputation; ill name.
You fhall not find me, daughter.
After the fonder of moft ftep-mothers,
fll-ey’d unto you. Shakefpeare.
SlaNderer. n.f. [from fander.] One who belies another ;
one who lays falfe imputations on another.
In your fervants fuffer any offence againft yourfelf rather
than againft God : endure not that they fhould be railers or
fanderers, tell-tales or lowers of diflenfion. Taylor.
1 heu fhalt aniwer for this, thou fanderer. Dryden.
Slanderous, adj [from fonder.]
1. Uttering reproachful falfhoods.
W hat king fo ftron^
Can tie the gall up in theJlandercus tongue ? Shakefpeare.
To me belongs
The care to fnun the blaft of fand’rous tongues :
Let malice, prone the virtuous to defame,
Thus with vile cenfure taint my fpotlefs name. Pope.
2. Containing reproachful falfhoods; calumnious.
I was never able ’till now to choke the mouth of fuch de¬
tractors, with the certain knowledge of their fanderous un¬
truths. Spenfer on Ireland.
We lay thefe honours on this man,
To eafe ourfelves of diversfand’rous loads. Shak. Jul. C<zf
As by flattery a man opens his bofom to his mortal enemy,
fo by detraction and afanderous mifreport he fhuts the fame to
his beft friends. South.
SlaNderously. adv. [ftomfanderous.] Calumnioufly; with
falfe reproach.
I may the better fatisfy them who objeCt thefe doubts, and
fonderoufy bark at the courfts which are held againft that traiterous earl and his adherents. Spenfer on Ireland.
They did fanderoufy objeCt,
How that they durft not hazard to prefent
In perfon their defences. Daniels Civil War.
Slang. The preterite offing.
David fang a ftone, and fmote the Philiftine. 1 Sa. xvii.
Slank. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
SLANT'. > adj. [from fanghe, a ferpent, Dutch. Skinner.]
SLA'NTING. 3 Oblique; not direCt; not perpendicular.
Late the clouds
Juftling, or pufh’d with winds, rude in their (hock.
Tine th ofant lightning; whofe thwart flame driv’n down.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir and pine.
Milton’s Paradife Lof,
The fun round the globe deferibes th’./Equator line.
By which wife means he can the whole furvey
With a direCt or with a fanting ray, C
In the fucceffion of a night and day. Blackmore. j
SlaNtly. I adv. [from font.] Obliquely; not perpendiSlaNtwise. ) cularly; flope.
Some maketh ahollownefs half a foot deep,
With fower fets in it, fetfantwife afleep. Tuffer’s Hufhand.
SI.AP. n.f. [Jchlap, German.] A blow. Properly with the
hand open, or with fomething rather broad than Iharp.
T he laugh, thefap, the jocund curfe go round. Thomfonl
Slap. adv. [from the noun.] With a fudden and violent blow.
Peg s fervants complained ; and if they offered to come into
the warehoule, then ftrait went the yard fap over their
noddle. Arbuthnot’s tiijlory ofJohn Bull.
To Slap. v. a. [from the noun.] To ftrike with a flap.
Dick, who thus long had paffive fat,
Here ftroak’d his chin, and cock’d his hat;
T henfapp’d his hand upon the board,
And thus the youth put in his word. Prior. '
Sla'pdash. inter:. [ fromfap and dajh.] All at once: as any
thing broad falls wuth aJlap into the water, and dajhes it about.
A low word.
And yet, fapdajh, is all again
In ev’ry finew, nerve, and vein. Prior.
To Slash, v.a. [flora, to ftrike, Iflandick.]
1. To cut; to cut with’ long cuts.
2. To lafh. Slafh is improper.
Daniel, a fprightly fwain, that us’d tofajh
The vig’rous feeds that drew his lord’s calalh.
To Peggy’s fide inclin’d. King.
To Slash, v. n. To ftrike at random w'ith a fword; to lay
about him.
T he knights with their bright burning blades
Broke their rude troops, and orders did confound,
Hewing and fajhing at their idle fhades Fairy Queent
Not that I’d lop the beauties from his book.
Likefajhing Bentley with his de/p’rate hook. Pope.
Slash, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Cut; wound.
Some few received fome cuts and fafees that had drawn
blood. Clarendon.
2. A cut in cloath.
What! this a fleeve ?
Here’s fnip and nip, and cut, and flifh and faf.\
Like to a cenfor in a barber’s Ihjp. Shakefpeare.
4 Diftinguifh’d
S L A
t)iftinguifh’d fdjhes deck the great,
As each excels in birth or Hate :
His oylet-holes are more and ampler;
The kind’s own body was a fampler. Prior.
Slatch. n.f [A fea term.] The middle part of a rope or
cable that hangs down loofe. . Bailey.
£L^T£^ n.J. [fromfit:fate is in fome counties a crack ; or
from ejclaie, a tile, French ] A grey foflile ftone, eafdy
broken into ihin plates, which are ul'ed to cover houfes, or to
write upon.
A fquare cannot be fo truly drawn Upon a fate as it is con¬
ceived in the mind. Grew's Cofnol.
A fmall piece of a flat fate the ants laid over the hole of
their neft, when they forefaw it would rain. AddiJons Sped?*
To Slate, v. a. [from the noun.] To cover the roof; to tile.
Sonnets and elegies to Chloris,
Would raife a houfe about two flories,
A lyrick ode wouldfate. Swift.
Sla'ter. n.f. [fromfated] One who covers with flates or
tiles.
Sla'ttern. n.f. [faetti, Swedifh. ] A woman negligent,
not elegant or nice.
Without the raifing of which fum.
You dare not be fo troublcfome
To pinch the fatterm black and blue.
For leaving you their work to do. Hudibras.
We may always obferve, that a goffip in politicks is a fattern in her family. Addifori s Freeholder*
The fallow fkin is for the fwarthy put,
And love can make a fattern of a flut. Dryden.
Beneath the lamp her tawdry ribbans glare*
The new-fcour’d manteau and the fattern air. Gay.
Sla'ty. adj. [fromfate.] Having the nature of fiate.
Ajl the flone that isfaty, with a texture long, and parallel
to the fite of the flratum, will fplit only lengthways, or hori¬
zontally ; and, if placed in any other pofition, ’tis apt to give
way, dart* and burft, when any conliderable weight is laid
upon it. Woodward on Foffls.
SLAVE, n.f [efclave, French. It is faid to have its original
from the Slavi, or Sclavonians, fubdued and fold by the Venetians.] One mancipated to a mafter; not a freeman; a
dependant.
The banifh’d Kent, who in difguife
Follow’d his enemy king, and did him fervice
Improper for afave. Shakefp. King Lear»
Thou elvifh markt, abortive, rooting hog!
Thou that waft feal’d in thy nativity
Thefave of nature, and the fon of hell. Shakefp. R. III.
Of guefts he makes themflavh
Inhofpitably. Miltoni
Slaves to our paffions we become, and then
It grows impoffible to govern men. Waller.
The condition of fervants was different from what it is
now, they being generallyfaves, and fuch as were bought and
fold for money. South.
Perfpeclive a painter muft not want; yet without fubjeifting
ourfelves fo wholly to it, as to become faves of it. Dryden.
To-morrow, fhould we thus exprefs our friendfnip,
Each might receive a fave into his arms :
This fun perhaps, this morning fun’s the laft,
That e’er lhall rife on Roman liberty. Addfotfs Cato.
To Slave, v. n. [from the noun ] 'lo drudge; to moil; to
toii.
Had women been the makers of our laws.
The men fhould fave at cards from morn to night. Swift.
SLA'VER. n.f. [faliva, Latin; f*fa-> Iflandick. ] Spittle
running from the mouth ; drivel.
Mathiolus hath a paftage, that a toad communicates its
venom not only by urine, but by the humidity and faver of its
mouth, which will not confift with truth. Brown.
Of all mad creatures, if the learn’d are right.
It is the faver kills, and not the bite. Pope.
To Sla'ver. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To be fmeared with fpittle.
Should I
Slaver with lips, as common as the flairs
That mount thecapitol; join gripes with hands
Made hard with hourly falfhood as with labour. Shakefp.
2. To emit fpittle.
Mifo came with fcowling eyes to deliver a favering goodmorrow to the two ladies. Sidney,
Why muft he fputter, fpawl, and faver it,
In vain, againft the people’s fav’rite ? Swift.
To Sla'ver. v. a. To fmear with drivel.
Twitch’d by the flave he mouths it more and more,
’Till with white froth his gown isfaver d o’er. Dryden.
Sla’verer. n.f. [fabbaercl, Dutch ; from faver.] One who
cannot hold his fpittle ; a driveller ; an ideot.
Sla'very. n.f. [fromfave.] Servitude; the condition of a
flave; the offices of a flave.
If my diffentings were out of errour, wcaknefs, or obftinacy in me, yet no man can think it other than the badge and
S L E
method of JJavery, by fivagfe rudenefs and importunate obtrufions of violence to have the milt of his errour difpelled.
King Charles.
SLAUGHTER, n.f. [onylaujr, Saxon, from ylaejan, flegan;
to flrike or kill.] Maffacre; deftru<5lion by the fvvord.
Sinful Macduff,
They were all ftruck for thee!
Not for their own demerits, but for mine,
Fell/laughter on their fouls. Shakefp. Macbeth*
On each hand faughtcr and gigantick deeds. Milton*
The pair you fee*
Now friends below, in clofe embraces join ;
But when they leave the fhady realms of night;
With mortal heat each other {hall purfue:
What wars, what wounds, whatfaughtcr fhall enfue? Dryd.
To Slaughter, v. a. [from the noun.] lo maffacre; to
flay ; to kill with the fword.
Your caftle is furpriz’d, your wife and babes
Savagely faughter d. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Sla'ughterhouse. n.f [faughter and houfe.] Houfe in
which beads are killed for the butcher.
Away with me, all you w'hofe fouls abhor
Th’ uncleanly favour of a faughterhoufe;
For I am ftifl’d with the fmell of fin. Shakefpeare.
Slaughterman, n.f. [faughter and man.] One employed
in killing.
The mad mothers with their howls confus’d
Do break the clouds ; as did the wives of Jewry,
At Herod’s bloody huntingfaughtermen. Shak. Hen. V.
Ten chas’d by one.
Are now each one thefaughterman of twenty. Shakefpeare*
See, thou fight’ft againft thy countrymen ;
And join’llWith them, will be thyfaughtermen. Shak. H.VL
Sr.a'ughterous. adj. [from faughter.] Deftruclive; mur¬
derous.
I have fupt full with horrours:
Direnefs familiar to myfaughterous thoughts
Cannot once ftart me. Sbakef Macbeth.
Sla'vish. adj. [from fave.] Servile; mean; bafe; depen¬
dant.
A thing
More flavijb did I ne’er, than anfwering
A flave without a knock. Shakefp. Cymbeline,
You have among you many a purchas’d flave.
Which, like your affes, and your dogs and mules.
You ufe in abjedl and in favifh part,
Becaufe you bought them* Shak. Merchant of Venice,
I believe
That he, the fupreme God, t’ whom all things ill
Are but asfavifo officers of vengeance.
Would fend a glift’ring guardian, if need were.
To keep my life and honour unaffail’d. Milton,
Thofe are the labour’d births of favifo brains;
Not the cffedl of poetry, but pains. Denham.
Slavijb bards our mutual loves rehearfe
In lying ftrains and ignominious verfe. Prior.
Slavishly, adv. [fromflavfh.] Servilely; meanly*
Sla'vishness. n.f [fromflavfo.] Servility; meannefs.
To SLAY. v. a. prefer, few ; part. paff. fain, [fabon, Gothick;
ylean, Sax. fachtcn, Dutch, to flrike.] To kill; to butcher j
to put to death.
Her father’s brother
Would be her lord ; or fhall I fay her uncle ?
Or he thatfew her brothers and her uncle ? Shak. R. IIT.
Tyrant, fhew thy face:
If thou be’llfain, and with no flroke of mine,
My wife and children’s ghofts will haunt me Hill. Shakefp*
The deadly-handed Clifford few my fleed. Shak. H. VI.
I faw under the altar the fouls of them that were fain for
the word of God. Rev. vi. 2*
Thus there was killing of young and old, and faying of
virgins and infants. 2. Mac. v. i 3.
Slay and make ready. . Gen. xliii. 16*
Wrath killeth the foolifh man, and envy fayeth the filly
one. Job v. 2.
Theyfew ten thoufand men. E 4.
Of Trojan chiefs he view’d a numerous train ;
All much lamented, all in battlefain. Dryden's Mrt,
Abraham
By blood and battles muft his pow’r maintain.
Andfay the monarchs, ere he rule the plain. Prior.
Sla'yer. n.f [fromflay.] Killer; murderer; deftroyer.
Witnefs the guiltlefs blood poured oft on ground ;
The crowned often flain, thefayer crown’d. Fairy jeen»
They flew thofe that werefayers of their countrymen. Abb.
Thefayer of himfelf yet law I there ;
The gore congeal’d was clotted in his hair:
With eyes half clos’d and gaping mouth he lay.
And grim as when he breath’d hisfullen foul away. Dryden.
Sleave. n.J. [Of this word I know not. well the meaning*
Jlcave filk is explained by Goiddman floccusfericus, a lock of filk ;
and the women ftill fayfeave the flk, for untwjjl it. Ainfworth
24 G «113
S L E S L E '
tails a weaver’s uauttle or reed a flay. To fliry is to part a
twift into Angle fibres.}
I on a fountain light,
Whofe brim with pinks was platted.
The banks with daffadillies dight
With grafs like fleas:c was matted. Drayton's Cynthia.
Sleazy, adj. [often written fleezy.] Weak; wanting tubfiance. This feems to be of the fame race withfleave, or from
to ft’V.
Sled. n.f [ fad, Danifti; fleddc, Dutch.] A carriage drawn
without wheels.
Thefled, the tumbril, hurdles, and the fail,
Thefe all muft be prepar’d. Drydcn.
Sle'dded. adj. [from fled.'] Mounted on a fled.
So frown’d he once when in an angry parle,
He fmote thefledded Polack on the ice. Shdhfpeart.
Sledge, n.f [fleeg, Saxon; fleggia, Ifiandick.]
1. A large heavy hammer.
They him fpying, both with greedy force,
At once upon him ran, and him befet,
With ftrok.es ofmortal fteel, without remorfe,
And on his ftneld like iron fedges bet. Fairy fjhiecn.
The painful fmith, with force of fervent heat.
The hardeft iron foon doth mollify,
That with his heavy fledge he can it beat,
And falhion to what he it lift apply. Spenfer.
The uphandfledge is ufed by under workmen, when the work
is not of the largeft, yet requires help to batter and draw it
out: they ufe it with both their hands before them, and feldom lift their hammer higher than their head. Moron.
Ariftotle aferibes it unto the fwiftnefs of that motion ; but
it would follow that the quick ftroak of a light hammer fhould
be of greater efficacy, than any fofter and more gentle ftriking
of a greatfedge. Wilkins's Mathematical Magick.
2. A carriage without wheels, or with very low wheels ; properly
afed. See Sled.
In Lancufhire, they ufe a fort of fedge made with thick
wheels, to bring their marl out, drawn with one horfe. Mart.
Sleek, n.f [fleycb, Dutch.] Smooth; nitid ; gloffy.
Let me have men about me that are fat,
Sleek-headed men, and fuch as flcep a-nights. Shakefpeare.
Envy!
How eagerly ye follow my difgrace,
As if it fed ye; and howfeek and wanton
Y’ appear in ev’ry thing may bring my ruin. Shakefpeare.
Yet are the men more loofe than they,
More kemb’d, and bath’d, and rub’d, and trim’d,
More fleck'd, more foft, and flacker limb’d. Ben. flohnflon.
What time the groves were clad in green,
The fields all dreft in flowers,
And that the feek-hair’d nymphs were feen.
To feek them fummer bowers. Drayton.
The pureft pafteboard, with a feck ftone rub fmooth, and
as even as you can. Peacham.
As in gaze admiring, oft he bow’d
His turret creft, and fleek enamcl’d neck.
Fawning. • Milton s Paradife Lfl.
Thofe rugged names to our like mouths growfeek,
That would have made Quintilian ftare and gafp. Milton.
Thy head and hair arefeek.
And then thou kemb’ft the tuzzes on thy cheek. Drydcn.
So Jlcek her (kin, fo faultlefs was her make,
Ev’n Juno did unwilling pleafure take
To fee fo fair a rival. Dryden.
To Sleek, v. a. [from the adjedlive.]
1. To comb fmooth and even.
By dead Parthenope’s dear tomb,
And fair Ligea’s golden comb.
Wherewith fhe fits on diamond rocks,
Sleeking her foft alluring locks. Milton.
2. To render foft, fmooth, of gloffy.
Gentle my lord, feck o’er your rugged looks;
Be bright and jovial ’mong your guefts to night. Shakefp.
She does fleek
With crumbs of bread and milk, and lies a-nights
In her neat gloves. Ben. flohnjon s Catiline.
A fheet of well flecked marble paper did not caft any of its
diftindt colours upon the wall. Boyle.
The perfuafive rhctorick
Thatfeek'd his tongue, and won fo much on Eve,
So little here, nay loft. Milton.
A cruife of fragrance, form’d of burnifh’d gold,
Odour divine ! whofe foft refrelhing ftreams
Sleek the fmooth fkin, and feent the fnowy limbs. Pope.
Sleekly, adv. [fromfeek.Smoothly; gloffily.
Let their heads befleekly comb’d, and their blue coats brufh’d.
Shakefpeare's Taming ofthe Shrew.
7 o Slfrp. v. n. [flepan, Gothick ; yleepan, Saxon; flaeptn,
Dutch.]
i. To take reft, by fufpenfion of the mental powers.
I’ve watch’d and travell’d hard :
Some time I fhall fleep out; the reft I’ll whittle. Shakefp.
2
Where’s Pede?—go you, and where you find a maid,
That, ere ftie fleep, hath thrice her prayers faid,
Rein up the organs of her fantafy;
S eep file as found as carelefs infancy;
But thofe thatfleep, and think not on their fins.
Pinch them, arms, legs, backs, {boulders, fides, and Ihins.
lhakejpearc's Merry Wives of Wmdflr.
If the man be poor, thou fhalt notflcep with his pledge. Lcut.
Sleep on now, and take your reft ; behold the hour is at
hand. Matth.' xm\. 45.
Peace, good reader! do not weep ;
Peace! the lovers are afleep; * ,
They, fweet turtles ! folded lie.
In the laft knot that love could tie.
Let themfleep, Jet them fleep on.
Till this ftormy night be gone.
And the eternal morrow dawn,
Then the curtains will be drawn.
And they waken with that light,
Whofe day fhall neverfleep in night. Crajhaw.
Thofe who at any time fleep without dreaming, can never
be convinced that their thoughts are for four hours bufy with¬
out their knowing it. Locke.
2. To reft; to be motionlefs.
Steel, if thou turn thine edge, or cut not out the burlybon’d clown in chines of beef ere thou fleep in thy fheath, I
befeech Jove on my knees thou mayft 'be turned into hob¬
nails. Shakefpeare's Henry Vi.
How fweet the moonlightfleeps upon this bank !
Here wilf we fit, and let the founds of mufick
Creep in our ears. Shakeflpeai e's Merck, of Venice.
The giddy fhip, betwixt the winds and tides,
Forc’d back and forwards, in a circle rides,
Stunn’d with the different blows; then fhootsamain,
T ill counterbuff’d fhe flops, and fleeps again. Drydcn.
3. To live thoughtlefsly.
We fleep over our happinefs, and want to be rouzed into
a quick thankful fenfe of it. jitterbury.
4. To be dead; death being a ftate from which man will fome
time awake.
If we believe that Jefus died and rofe again, even fo them
alfo which fleep in Jefus will God bring with him. 1 iIheffl
A perfon is faid to be dead to us, becaufe we cannot raife
from the grave; though he only fleeps unto God, who can
raife from the chamber of death. Vyliffe's Pai ergon.
5. To be inattentive; not vigilant.
Heav’n will one day open
The king’s eyes, that fo long haveflept upon
This bold, bad man. Shakefpeare''s Henry Vlll%
6. To be unnoticed, or unattended.
You ever
Have wifh’d the fleeping of this bufinefs, never
Defir’d it to be ftirr’d. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Sleep, n.f [from the verb.] Repofe; reft; fufpenfion of the
mental powers ; {lumber.
Methought I heard a voice cry fleep no more !
Macbeth doth murderfleep \ the innocent/7o?/>;
Sleep that knits up the ravcll’d fleeve of care ;
The birth of each day’s life, fore labour’s bath.
Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s fecond courfe,
Chief nourifher in life’s feaft. Shakejpeare's Macbeth.
Cold calleth the fpirits to fuccour; and therefore they can¬
not fo well clofe and go together in the head, which is ever
requifite to fleep. And for the fame caufe, pain and noife
hinderfleep ; and darknefs furtherethfleep. Bacon.
Beafts that fleep in winter, as wild bears, during tbtWjLcp
wax very fat, though they eat nothing. Bacon.
His fatten’d hands the rudder keep,
And fix’d on heav’n, his eyes repel invadingflcep. Dryden.
Hermes o’er his head in air appear’d.
His hat adorn’d with wings difclos’d the god.
And in his hand thefleep- compelling rod. Dryden.
Infants fpend the greateft part of their time in fleep, and are
feldom awake but when hunger calls for the teat, or fome pain
forces the mind to perceive it. Locke.
Slee'per. n.f. [from fleep.]
1. One who fleeps; one who is not awake.
Sound miifick; come my queen, take hand with me.
And rock the ground whereon thefe Jleepers be. Shakefp.
What’s the buiinefs,
That fuch an hideous trumpet calls to parley
'l he fleepers of the houfe ? Shakefpeare s Macleth.
In fome countries, a plant which fhutteth in the night,
openeth in the mornii g, and openeth wide at noon; the in¬
habitants fay is a plant that ihepeth. There bz flcep ers enow
then ; for almoft all flowers do the like. Bacon,
Night is indeed the province of his reign;
Yet all his dark exploits no more contain
7 han a fpy taken, and a fleeper flain. Dryden.
He muff be no great eater, drinker, norfleeper, that will
difeipline his fenfes, and exert his mind: every worthy un¬
dertaking requires both. Grew.
2. A
I
SLE
o A lazv ina&ive drone.
« That which lies dormant, or without eftetf.
S Let penal laws, if they have been fleepe>s of long, or if
grown unfit for the prefent time, be by wife judges confined
in the exec tion. Batm,
4. A fifh. Ai fiver b.
S t.E P1 r. Y. adv. [ f rom fleepy. ]
j. Drown: v ; with delire to fieep.
2. Dully; 'lazily. . . : r . ...
1 rather chufe to endure the wounds of thofe darts, which
envy cafteth at novelty, than to go on fafely and fleepi'y in
the eafy ways of ancient mifiakings. . Raleigh.
3. Stupidly. t
He would make us believe that Luther in thefe actions
pretended to authority, forgetting what he had fcepily ouned
before. Atterbury .
SlkkTiness. n.f [from fleepy}] Drowfinefs; difpoiition to
lieep; inability to keep awake.
Watchfulnefs precedes too greatfleepinefs, and is the rnofl
ill boding fvmptom of a fever. ArbuthrM.
Slee pless, adf \fmmfhep ] Wanting fieep.
The field
7”o labour calls us, now with fvveat impos d.
Though afterfleeplejs night. Miltons Para(lift Lcf.
While peniive poets painful vigils keep,
Slrepleji themfelves to give their readers fieep. Pope.
Sle r -PY. adj. [from fleet.']
1. Drowfy; dilpoled to fieep.
2. Not awake.
Why di.l you bring thefe daggers from the place ?
They muft lie there Go, carry them and fmear
Thefleepy grooms with blood. Shakfpeare's Macbeth.
She wak’d herfleepy crew.
And rifing- hafty, took a ihort adieu. Dryden.
3. Soptoriferous ; fomniferous; caufing fieep.
We will give you fleepy drinks, that your fenfes unintelli¬
gent of our infufficience, may, though they cannot praife us,
as little accufe us. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
Let fuch bethink them, if thz fieep drench
Of that forgetful lake benumb not frill. Milton.
3 fieeped about' eight hours, and no wonder ; for the phyficians had mrhgled a fleepy potion in the wine. Gulliver.
Sleet, n f. [perhaps from the Da.nifh, fletf A kind of fmooth
fmall hail or fnow, not falling in flakes, but Angle particles.
Now van to van the foremoft fquadrons meet.
The midmoft battles haftning up behind,
Who view, far off, the {form of fallingfleets
And hear their thunder rattling in the. wind. Dryden%
Perpetual fleet and driving fnow
Obfcure the ikies, and hang on herds below.
Huge oxen ftand inclos’d in wintry walls
Of fnow congeal’d. Dryden.
Rains would have been poured down, as the vapours be¬
came cooler; next Jlc\ then fnow, and ice, and froft.
Cbeyne.
To Sleet, v. n. [from the noun.] To fnow in fmall par¬
ticles, intermixed with rain.
SleeTy. adj. [from the noun.] Bringing fleet.
Sleeve, n. f. [y-Iip, Saxon.]
j. 1 he part of a garment that covers the arms.
Once my well-waiting eyes efpy’d my tteafure,
Vfhhfleeves turn’d up, loofe hair, and breaft enlarged,
• • Her father’s corn, moving her fair limbs, meafure. Sidney.
The deep fmock fleeve, which the Irifh women ufe, they
Ly, was old Spanifh; ard yet that fhould feem rather to be
’ Jan old Englilk falhion : for in armory, the fafhion of the
Manche, which is given in arms, being nothing elfe but a
fleeve, is fafhioned much like to that fleeve. And knights,
in ancient times, ufed to wear their miftrefs’s or love'sfleeve
upon their arms; fir Launcelot wore the fleeve of the fair
maid ot Afteloth in a tourney. Spenfler's Ireland.
Your hofe fhould be ungarter’d, your peeve unbutton’d,
your fhoe untied, demonftradng a carelefs defolation. Shakefp.
You would think a fmock a fhe-angel, he fo chants to the
fleeve-bzuA, and the work about the fquare on’t. Shakefpeare.
He vvascloathed in cloth, with widefleeves and a cape. Bacon.
fn velvet white as fnow the troop was gown’d,
Their hoods and fl eves the-fame. Dryden.
1. Sleeve, in fomc provinces, fignifies a knot or fkein of filk,
which is by f me very probably fuppofed to be its meaning in
the following paiTage. [.See Sl-eaye.]
•Methought i heard a voice cry, fieep no more !
Macbeth doth murder fieep ; the innocent fieep;
Sleep that knits up.the raveU’d fleeve of care,
The birth of each day’s life Shakefpeare.
.3.. Slcrvr, Dutch, fignifies a. cover; any thing fpread over;
•which feems ro bethefenfe of fleeve in the proverbial phrafe.
A brace of (liarpers laugh at the whole roguery in their
fleew’s. L Ejtrange.
Men know tHcmfelves utterly void of thofe qualities which
the impudent Sycophant aferibes to them, and in his fleeve
.laughs at them for believing. r South s Sermons,
SLE
Tohn laushed heartily in hisfleeve at the pride of the efquires
Arbutknot’s Plijl.fJohn Bull.
4. To hang on a fleeve; to make dependent.
It is not for a man which doth know, or fhould know
what orders, and what peaceable government requircth, to
afk why we fhould hang our judgment upon the church’s
fleeve, and why in matters of orders more than in matters of
do&rine. Hooker.
5. [Lolligo, Latin.] A fifh. Ainfworth.
SlEe'ved. adj. [from fleevef] Having fleeves.
Slee'veless. adj. [from fleeve.]
1. Wanting fleeves; having no fleeves.
His cloaths were flrange, though coarfe, and black, tho
bare; >
Sleevelefs hisjerkin was, and it had been
Velvet, but ’twas now, fo much ground was feen,
Become tufftaffaty. Donne.
T. hey put on long fleeve.efls coats of home-fpun cotton.
Sandys.
Behold yon ifie by palmers, pilgrims trod,
Grave mummers ! fleevelejs fome, and fhirtlefs others. Poj>e.
2. Wanting reafonablenefs ; wanting propriety ; wanting lolidity. [This fenfe, of which the word has been long poffefled, I know not well how it obtained ; Skinner thinks it pro¬
perly livelefs or liflelefs: to this I cannot heartily agree, though
i know not what better to fuggeft. Can it come fromfleeve^
a knot, or skein, and fo Signify unconnected, hanging ill to¬
gether? or from fleeve, a cover; and therefore means plainly
abfurd; foolifh without palliation?]
This fleevelefs tale of tranfubftantiation was brought . into
the world by that other fable of the multiprefence. Hall.
My landlady quarrelled with him for fending every one of
her children on a fleevelefs errand, as fhe calls it. Spectator.
Sleight, n, f. [flagd, cunning, Iflandick.] Artful trick;
cunning artifice; dexterous pra&ice; as Height of hand ; the
tricks of a juggler. This is often written, but lefs properly,
flight.
He that exhorted to beware of an enemy’s policy, doth not
give counfel to be impolite; but rather to be all prudent
forefight, left our fimplicity be over-reached by cunning
fleights. Hooker.
Fair Una to the red crufs knight
Betrothed is with joy ;
Though falfe Duelfa it to bar.
Her falfe fleights do employ. Fairy phteert.
Upon the corner of the moon.
There hangs a vap’rous drop, profound;
I’ll catch it ere it come to ground ;
And that diftill’d by magickfleights.
Shall raife fuch artificial fprights.
As, by the ftrength of their illufion
Shall draw him on to his confufion. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
Out ftept the ample fize
Of mighty Ajax, huge in ftrength; to him, Laertes’ fon.
That crafty one as huge inJleight. Chapman.
She could not fo convey
The maffy fubftance of that idol great.
Whatfleight had (he the w ardens to betray ?
What ftrength to heave the goddefs from her feat ? Fairf.
In the wily fnake
Whateverfleights, none would fufpicious mark.
As from his wit, and native fubtilty
Proceeding. Milton'.
Doubtlefs the pleafure is as great
Of being cheated, as to cheat;
As lookers on feel moft delight.
That leaft perceive the juggler’sfleight. Hudibras.
Good humour is but a fleight of hand, or a faculty mak¬
ing truths look like appearances, or appearances like truths.
L’Ejlrange.
When we hear death related, we are all willing to favour
the flight, when the poet does not too grofsly impofe upon
us. Dryden;
While innocent he fcorns ignoble flight.
His honeft friends preferve him by a fleight. Swift.
Sleine. n.f. [This word is apparently mifprinted for feine.]
Is a net of about forty fathoms in length, with which they
encompafs a part of the fea, and draw the fame on land by two
ropes faftned at its ends, together with fuch fifh as lighteth
within his precindb. Carew.
Slender, adj. [finder, Dutch.]
1. Thin; fmall in circumference compared with the length;
not thick.
So thick the rofes bulbing round
About her glow’d ; half (looping to Support
Evch flowr offender fialk. Milton.
2. Small in the waiil; having a fine Ihnpe.
Whatfender youth bedew’d with liquid odours,
Courts thee on rofes in fome pleafant cave. Milton.
Beauteous Helen (Lines among the reft,
Tall, fender, ftraight, with all the graces bleft. Dryden.
r 3. Not
/
#
S L I
3- Not bulky; flight; not ftrong.
Love in thefe labyrinths his flavcs detains,
^ And mighty hearts are held in funder chains. Pope.
4 Small; inconfiderable ; weak.
fietthey, who claim the general a(Tent of the whole world
unto that which they teach, and do not fear to give very
hard and heavy fentence upon as many as refufe to embrace
the fame, mull have fpecial regard, that their firft founda¬
tions and grounds be more than /lender probabilities. Hooker.
Where joy molt revels, grief doth moll; lament;
Griefjoys, joy grieves, on fender accident. Shakefpeare.
Pofitively to define that fealon, there is nofender difficul¬
ty. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
It is a veryfender comfort that relies upon this nice diftinclion, between things being troublefome, and being evils;
when all the evil of afflidion lies in the trouble it creates to
. us. Tillotfon.
5. Sparing; lefs than enough : as, 1.fender ellate and fender
parts.
At my lodging.
The worfl is this, that at fo (lender warning.
You’re like to have a thin and fender pittance. Shakefp.
In obftrudions inflammatory, the aliment ought to be cool,
fender, thin, diluting. Arbuthnot.
6. Not amply fupplied.
The good Ollorius often deign’d
I o grace my fender table with his prefence. Philips.
Sle'nderly. adv. [fromfender.']
1. Without bulk.
2. Slightly; meanly.
If the debt be not juft, we know not what may be deemed
juft, neither is it a fum to bzfenderly regarded. Hayward.
If 1 have done well, it is that which I defired; but iffenderly and meanly, it is that which I could attain to. 2 Mac.
Sle'nderness. n.f. [from fender.]
1. Thinnefs; fmallnefs of circumference.
Smail whittles give a found becaufe of their extreme fendernefs, whereby the air is more pent than in a wider pipe.
Baccn s Natural Hifory.
Their colours arife from the thinnefs of the tranfparent
parts of the feathers; that is from the fendernef of the very
fine hairs or capillamenta, which grow out of the fides of the
grofier lateral branches or fibres of thofe feathers. Newton.
2. Want of bulk or ftrength.
It is preceded by a fpitting of blood, occafioned by its
acrimony, and too great a projedile motion, with fendernefs
and weaknefs of the veffels. Arbuthnot on Diet.
3. Slightnefs; weaknefs; inconfiderablenefs.
Thefendernefs of your reafons againft the book, together
with the inconveniencies that mult of neceffity follow, have
procured a great credit unto it. IVhltgifte.
4. Want of plenty.
Slept. The preterite offeep.
Silence! coeval with eternity,
"T hou wert ere nature firft began to be,
’Twas one vaft nothing all, and all fept faft in thee. Pope.
Slew. The preterite of fay.
Hefeiv Hamet, a great commander among the Numidians,
and chafed Benchades and Amida, two of their greateft prin¬
ces, out of the country. Knolle’s Hifory ofthe lurks.
ToSley. v. n. [See to Sleave.] To part or twift into
threads.
Why art thou then exafperate, thou immaterial fkein of
fcyW filk? Shakefpeare.
To Slice, v. n. [yhtan, Saxon.J
1. To cut into flat pieces.
Their cooks make no more ado, but ficlng it into little
gobbets, prick it on a prong of iron, and hang it in a fur¬
nace- Sandys’s Journey.
The refidue were on foot, well furnilhed with jack and
fkull, pikes and ficing fwords, broad, thin, and of an excel¬
lent temper. Hayward.
2. To cut into parts;
Nature loft one by thee, and therefore m.uft
Slice one in two to keep her number juft. Cleaveland.
3. To cut off.
When hungry thou ftood’ft ftaring, like an oaf,
I fac’d the luncheon from the barley loaf. Gay.
4* l'o cut ; to divide.
Ambitious princes and tyrantsflee the earth among them.
Burnet’s Theory ofthe Earth.
Slice, n.f [ylire, Saxon; from the verb.]
1. A broad piece cut off
Lacking of trees in their bark, both downright and acrofs.
jo as you may make them [rather in flees than in continued
hacks, doth great good to trees. Bacon.
ou need not wipe your knife to cut bread ; becaufe in
cutting a ftice or two it will wipe itfelf. Swift.
He from out the chimney took J
A flitch of bacon off the hook, *
And freely, from the fatteft fide.
Cut out largeflees to be fry’d. Swift.
SLI
2. A broad piece. »
Then clap fourflees ok pilafter on’t,
That lac’d with bits of ruftick, makes a front. Pope.
3. A broad head fixed in a handle; a peel; a fpatula.
I he pelican hath a beak broad and flat, much like the flee
of apothecaries, with which they fpread plaifters. Hakewllh
When burning with the iron in it, with the fice, clap the
coals upon the outfide clofe together, to keep the heat in. Max.
Slick, adj. [flckt, Dutch. See Sleek.J
Glafs attracts but weakly ; fome fick ftones, and thick glaffes indifferently. Brown’s. Vulgar ErroUrs.
Slid. The preterite offide.
At firft the filent venomfid with eafe,
And feiz’d her cooler fenfes by degrees. Dryden s JEneid.
Sli'dden. The participle paffive offide.
Why is this people fidden back, by a perpetual backfliding? Jer viii. 5.
ToSli'dder. v. n. [Jlldderen, Dutch.] To Aide with inter¬
ruption.
Go thou from me to fate.
Now die : with’ that he dragg’d the trembling fire,
Siidd'ring through clotted blood. Dryden.
To Slide, v. n. fid, preterite; fidden, participle paff. [yliaan,
j-hbenoe, Aiding, Saxon ; fijden, Dutch ; yf-lithe, Welfh.J
1. To pafs along fmoothly; to flip ; to glide.
Sounds do not only fide upon the furface of a fmooth body,
but communicate with the fpirits in the pores of the body.
Bacon’s Natural Bijlory.
Ulyffes, Stheneleus, Tifanderfide
Down by a rope, Machaon was their guide. Denham.
2. To move without change of the foot.
Oh Ladon, happy Ladon, rather fide than run by her,
left thou fhouldft make her legs flip Irom her. Sidney.
Smoothfiding without ftep. Milton.
He that once fins, like him that fides on ice.
Goes fwiftly down the flippery ways of vice:
Though confcience checks him, yet thofe rubs gone o’er.
Hefides on fmoothly, and looks back no more. Dryden.
3. To pafs inadvertently.
Make a door and a bar for thy mouth: beware thou fide
not by it. Ecclus xxviii. 26.
4. To pafs unnoticed.
In the princefs I could find no apprehenfion of what I
faid or did, but with a calm careleffnefs, letting every thing
fide]ukk\y, as we do by their fpeeches, who neither in mat¬
ter nor perfon do any way belong unto us. Sidney:
5. 1 o pafs along by filent and unobferved progreffion.
Thou {halt •
Hate all, fhew charity to none ;
But let the famifht fleftifide from the bone.
Ere thou relieve the beggar. Shakefpeare. *- • * j
Then no day void of blifs, of pleafure leaving,
Ages fhallfide away without perceiving. Dryden.
Refcue me from their ignoble hands ;
Let me kifs yours when you my wound begin.
Then eafy death willfide with pleafure in. Dryden.
Their oyefides over the pages, or the words fide over their
eyes, and vanifn like a rhapfody of evening ta’e*. IVatts.
6. I o pafs filently and gradually from good to bad.
Nor could they have fid into thofe brutifh immoralities of
life, had they duly manured thofe firft practical notions and
dictates of right reafon. South.
7. 1 o pafs without difficulty or obftrudion.
Such of them fhould be retained asfide eafily of themfelves
into Englifh compounds, without violence to the ear. Pope.
Begin with fenfe, of ev’ry art the foul,
Parts anfw’ring parts {hallfide into a whole;
Nature {hall join you, time {hall make it grow
A work to wonder at. Pope.
8. To move upon the ice by a Angle impulfe, without change
of feet.
The gallants dancing by the river fide,
They bathe in fummer, and in winterfide. JValler.
9. To fall by errour.
1 he dii'covering and reprehenfion of thefe colours cannot
be done but out of a very univerfal knowledge of things,
which fo cleareth man’s judgment, as it is the lefs apt to
fide into any errour. Bacon.
10. To be not firm.
Ye fair!
Be greatly cautious of yourfiding hearts. Thomfon.
it. To pafs with a free and gentle courfe or flow.
To Slide, v. a. To put imperceptibly.
Little tricks of fophiftry byfiding in, or leaving out fuch
words as entirely change the cjueftion, fhould be abandoned
by all fair difputants. IVatts.
Slide, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Smooth and eafy paffage.
We have fome fides or reliflies of the voice or firings, con¬
tinued without notes, from one to another, rifing or falling,
which arc delightful. Baton s Natural Hifory.
6 Kings
S L I
Kin^s that have able men of their nobility fhall find eafe
in employing them, and a betterJlide into their bulinefs; lor
people naturally bend to them. Bacon.
2.Flow ; even courfe.
There be, whofe fortunes are like Homer’s verfes, that have
a flide and eafinefs more than the verfes of other poets. Bac.
Sli'der. n. f. [fromjlide.] He who Hides.
Slight, adj. [fieht, Dutch.]
i Small; worthlefs; inconfiderable.
Is Csfar with Antonius priz’d fo Jlight ? Shakefpeare,
Their arms, their arts, their manners I difclofe.
Slight is the fubjeft, but the praife not i'mall,
If heav’n aflift, and Phoebus hear my call. Dryden.
Slight is the fubjeft, but not fo the praife ;
If Hie infpire, and he approve my lays. Pope.
2. Not important; not cogent; weak.
Some firmly embrace doctrines upon flight grounds, fome
upon no grounds, and fome contrary to appearance. Locke.
3. Negligent ; not vehement; not done with efteft.
7 he fhaking of the head is a gefture offight refufal. Bacon.
He in contempt
At one fight bound high overleap’d all bound. Milton.
4. Foolifh; weak of mind.
No beaft ever was fo fight
Forman, as for his God, to fight. Hudibras:
5. Notftrong; thin; as zfight filk.
Slight, n.f. [from the adjeftive.]
j. Negleft; contempt; aft of fcorn.
People in misfortune conftrue unavoidable accidents into
fights or neglefts. Clarijfa.
2. Artifice; cunning praftice. See Sleight.
As boifterous a thing as force is, it rarely atchieves any
thing but under the conduct of fraud. Slight of hand has
done that, which force of hand could never do. South.
After Nic had bambouzled John a while, what with fight
of hand, and taking from his own fcore, and adding to John’s,
Nic brought the balance to his own fide. Arbuthnot,
To Slight, v. a. [from the adjeftive.J
1. To negleft ; to difregard.
Beware left they tranfgrefs andfight that foie command,
Milton.
You cannot expeft your fon fhould have any regard for
one whom he fees you fight. Locke.
2. To throw carelefsly, unlefs in this paflage tofight be the
fame with tofing.
The rogues flighted me into the river, with as little
remorfe as they would have drowned puppies. Shakefpeare.
3. [_Slighten, Dutch.] To overthrow; to demolifh. Junius}
Skinner, and Ainfworth.
4. To Slight over. To treat or perform carelefsly.
Thefe men, when they have promifed great matters, and
failed mod fhamefully, if they have the perfection of boldnefs, will butfight it over, and no more ado. Bacon's Ejfays.
His death and your deliverance
Were themes that ought not to befighted over: Drydcn;
Slighter, n.f [fromfight.] One who difregards.
Slightingly, adv. [from fighting.] Without reverence;
with contempt.
If my fceptick fpeaks fightingly of the opinions he oppofes,
I have done no more than became the part. Boyle.
Sli'ghtly. adv. [from fight.]
j. Negligently; without regard.
Words, both becaufe they are common, and do not fo
ftrongly move the fancy of man, are for the moll part but
flightly heard. „ Hooker.
Leave nothing fitting for the purpofe
Untouch’d, orfightly handled in difeourfe. Shakefpeare.
You were to blame
To part fo fightly with your wife’s firft gift. Shakefpeare.
The letter-writer diflembles his knowledge of this reftriftion,
and contents himfelffightly to mention it towards the clofe of
his pamphlet. Atterbury.
2. Scornfully ; contemptuoufly.
Long had the Gallick monarch uncontroul’d,
Enlarg’d his borders, and of human force
Opponentfightly thought. Philips.
3. Weakly ; without force.
Scorn not the facil gates of hell toofightly barr’d. Milton.
4. Without worth.
Sli'ghtness. n.f. [fromflight.]
1. Weaknefs; want of ftrength.
2. Negligence; want of attention ; want of vehemence.
Where gentry, title, wifdom.
Cannot conclude but by the yea and no
Of gen’ral ignorance, it muft omit
Real neceffities, and give way the while
T’ unftable fightnefs. Shakefpeare's Corio’anus.
What ftrong cries muft they be that fhall drown fo loud a
clamour of impieties ? and how does it reproach thefightnefs
of our lleepy heartlefs addreftes? Decay of Piety.
Slily. adv. [from fly.] Cunningly; with cunning fecrecy ;
with fubtile covertnefi. »
7
S L 1
Were there a ferpent feen with forked tongue*
Thatfily glided towards your majefty.
It were but neceflary you were wak’d. Shakefpeare
He, clofely falfe and Jlily wife,
C’aft how he might annoy them moft from far. Fairfax.
Satan, like a cunning pick-lock, fily robs us of our grand
treafure. Decay of Piety.
With this he did a herd of goats controul;
Which by the way he met, and fitly ftole :
Clad like a country fwain Drydcn.
May hypocrites,
Thatfily fpeak one thing, another think.
Hateful as hell, pleas’d with the relifb weak.
Drink on unwarned, till by inchanting cups
Infatuate, they their wily thoughts difclofe.
And through intemperance grow awhile iincere. Philips.
Slim. adv. [A cant word as it feems, and therefore not to be
ufed.] Slender; thin offhape.
A thinfim-gutted fox made a hard fifift to wriggle his body
into a henrooft; and when he had ftuft his guts well, fqueezed
hard to get out again ; but the hole was too little. L'Efr.
I was jogg’d on the elbow by a fim young girl of feventeen. Addifon.
Slime, n.f [j-hm, Saxon;fiigm, Dutch.] Vifcous mire; any
glutinous fubftance.
The higher Nilus fwells
The more it promifes: as it ebbs, the feedfman
Upon the fime and ooze fcatters his grain. Shakefpeare.
Brick for ftone, and fime for mortar. Gen.
The vale of Siddim was full offime-pits. Gen. xiv. 10.
God, out of his goodnefs, caufed the wind to blow, to
dry up the abundantfime and mud of the earth, and make
the land more firm, and to cleanfe the air of thick vapours
and unwholfome mifts. Raleigh.
Some plants grow upon the top of the fea, from fome con¬
cretion of fime where the fun beateth hot, and the fea ftirreth little. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
And with Afphaltickfime, broad as the gate.
Deep to the roots of hell, the gather’d beach
They faften’d. Milton's Paradife Lof.
Now dragon grown; larger than whom the fun
Engender’d in the Pythian vale onfime.
Huge Python ! Milton's Paradife Lof.
O foul defeent! I’m now conftrain’d
Into a beaft, to mix with beftialfime,
This eflence to incarnate and imbrute. Miltoni
Sliminess, n.f, [from filmy.] Vifcofity ; glutinous mat¬
ter.
By a weak fermentation a pendulousfiminefs is produced,
which anfwers a pituitous ftate. Flayer.
Sli'my. adj. [from fim:.]
1. Overfpread with flime.
My bended hook (hall pierce
Their filmy jaws; and, as I draw them up.
I’ll think them every one an Antony. Shakefpeare.
Some lay in dead men’s fkulls ; and in thofe holes.
Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept.
As ’twere in fcorn of eyes, reflecting gems,
1 hat woo’d the fimy bottom of the deep,
And mock’d the dead bones that lay fcatter’d by. Shak.
They have cobwebs about them, which is a fign of a fimy
dryne£; Bacon.
The reft are all by bad example led,
And in their father’sfimy traft they tread. Drydcn.
Eels for want of exercife, are fat and fimy. Arbuthnot.
Shoals of flow houfe-bearing do fnails creep
O’er the ripe fruitage, paring fimy tracks
In the fleek rind. Philips.
The fwallow fweeps
Thefimy pool to build his hanging houfe. Thomfon.
2. Vifcous; glutinous.
Then both from out hell-gates, into the wafte,
Wide anarchy of chaos, damp and dark.
Hovering upon the waters, what they met
Solid orfimyy as in raging fea.
Toft up and down, together crowded drove. Milton.
From their groins they fhed
A fimy juice by falfe conception bred. Drydcn.
1 he aftrological undertakers would raife men like vege¬
tables, out of fome fat and fimy foil, well digefted by the1
kindly heat of the fun, and impregnated with the influence
of the ftars. p .
Sli'ness. n. J. [fromy7v.] Defigning artifice.
By an excellent faculty in mimickry, my correfnondent can
affiime my air, and give my taciturnity a Jlmtfi, which diverts more than any thing I could fav ’ y' 7 ’ .,,.r
Sling, nf. [rhn*„7, Sax§o„; fling^butch.] ^
\ 7Tn m»adenby a ltraP d two firings; the
fhc firings thC ftfap’ 3nd thrown b>’ ^ofing one of
rhe arrow cannot make him flee: fing ftones are turned
with him into Hubble. J jfef.xli.28.
24 H Dreads
S L I S L I
SandjS.
Dr^den's Ovid.
2.
3-
1.
2.
Dreads he the twanging of the archer’s firing ?
Or i nging Hones from the Phoenician fling ?
Slings have fo much greater fwiftnefs than a Hone thrown
from the hand, by how much the end of the fling is farther ofF
from the fhoulder-joint, the center of motion. IV1 Ikins.
I he Tufcan king
Laid by the lance, and took him to the fling',
Thrice whirl’d the thong around his head, and threw
The heated lead, half melted as it flew. Dryden’s Ain,
Whirl’d from afling, or from an engine thrown,
Amidft the foes, as flies a mighty Hone,
So flew the beaft.
A throw ; a ftroke.
’Till cram’d and gorg’d, nigh burft
With fuck’d and glutted offal, at onefling
Of thy 'victorious arm, well-pleafing fon. Milt. Par. Lift.
A kind of hanging bandage.
To Sling, v. a. [from the noun.]
To throw by a fling.
To throw; to caff. Not very proper.
./Etna’s entrails fraught with fire,
That now caffs out dark fumes and pitchy clouds,
Incenft, or tears up mountains by the roots,
Orflings a broken rock aloft in air. Addifon.
3. To hang loofely by a firing.
From rivers drive the kids, andfling your hook;
Anon I’ll wafh ’em in the fhallow brook. Dryden.
4. To move by means of a rope.
Coenus I faw amidft the fhouts
Of mariners, and bufy care to fling
His horfes foon afhore. Dryden's Cleomenes.
They flung up one of their largeft hogfheads, then rolled
it towards my hand, and beat out the top. Gulliver’s Travels.
Sli'ngeji. n. f. [fromfling.] One who flings or ufes the fling.
Theflingers went about it, and fmote it. 2 Kings iii. 25.
To Slink, v.n. prefer, flunk, [ylingan, Saxon, to creep.] To
fneak ; to fteal out of the way.
We willfink away in fupper-time, difguife us at my lodg¬
ing, and return all in an hour. Shakefp. Merck, of Venice.
‘As we do turn our backs
From our companion, thrown into his grave,
So his familiars from his buried fortunes
Slink away. Shakefp. Timon ofAthens.
He, after Eve feduc’d, unminded funk
Into the wood faff: by. Milton’s Paradife Lofl,
Not far from hence doth dwell
A cunning man, bight Sidrophel,
To whom all people far and near
On deep importances repair;
When brafs and pewter hap to ftray.
And linen finks out of the way. Hudihras.
She funk into a corner, where fhe lay trembling ’till the
company went their way. DEfrange.
He would pinch the children in the dark, and thenfink into
a corner, as if no body had done it. Arbuthn. Hifl. ofJ. Bull.
A weafel once made fhift tofink
In at a corn-loft through a chink ;
But having amply fluff ’d his fkin.
Could not get out as he got in. Pope’s Epif. ofHorace.
We have a fufpicious, fearful, and conftrained countenance,
often turning back, andfinking through narrow lanes. Swift.
To Slink, v. a. To caff; to mifcarry of. A low word.
To prevent a mare’s finking her foal, in fnowy weather
keep her where fhe may have good fpring-water to drink. Mart.
To SLIP. v. n. [yhpan, Saxon; fippen, Dutch.J
1. To Hide ; not to tread firm.
If a man walks over a narrow bridge, when he is drunk, it
is no wonder that he forgets his caution while he overlooks his
danger; but he who is fober, and views that nice feparation
between himfelf and the devouring deep, fo that, if he fhould
flip, he fees his grave gaping under him, furely muff needs take
every ftep with horrour and the utmoft caution. South.
A fkilful dancer on the ropes flips willingly, and makes a
feeming Humble, that you may think him in great hazard,
while he is only giving you a proof of his dexterity. Dryden.
If after fome diltinguifh’d leap
He drops his pole, and feems toflip,
Straight gath’ring all his adtive Itrength,
He rifes higher half his length. Prior.
2. T o Aide ; to glide.
Ch Ladon, happy Ladon ! rather Aide than run by her, left
thou fhouldft make her legsfip from her. Sidney.
T hey trim their feathers, which makes them oily and flip¬
py» ^at t^le water mayfp off them. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
3# * move or fly out of place.
Sometimes the ancle-bone is apt to turn out on either fide,
by reafon of relaxation, which though you reduce, yet, upon
the leaft walking on it, the bonefips out again. IVfeman.
4. To fneak; to fiink. b J
From her moft beaflly company
I’gan refrain, in mind to fip away.
Soon as appear’d fafe opportunity. Spenfr.
When Judas faw that his hoft fipt away, he was fore
troubled. 1 Mac. ix. 7.
I’llfjp down out of my lodging. Dryden’s Don Sebaftian.
1 hus one tradefman fips away,
T o give his partner fairer play. Prior.
f. 7 o glide; to pafs unexpectedly or imperceptibly.
The banks of either fide feeming arms of the loving earth,
that fain would embrace it, and the river a wanton nymph,
which Hill would fip from it. Sidney.
The blefling of the Lord {hallfip from thee, without doing
thee any good, if thou haft not ceafed from doing evil. Taylor.
Slipijng from thy mother’s eye thou went’lt
Alone into the temple; there was found
Among the graveft rabbits difputant,
On points and queftions fitting Mofes’ chair. Milton.
1 hrice around his neck his arms he threw,
And thrice the flitting fhadowfipp’d away.
Like winds or empty dreams that fly the day. Dryden.
Though with pale cheeks, wet beard, and dropping hair.
None but my Ceyx could appear fo fair,
I would have ftrain’d him with a ftriCl embrace;
But through my arms hefipt, and vanifil’d from the place.
Dryden.
When a corn fips out of their paws, they take hold of it
again* Addifn’s Spectator.
Wife men watch every opportunity, and retrieve every
mifpent hour which hasflipped from them. Rogers.
I will impute no defedt to thofe two years which haveflipped
by fince. Swift to Pope.
6. To fall into fault or errour.
If he had been as you,
And you as he, you would have fipt like him;
But he, like you, would not have been fo ftern. Shakefpeare.
One fippeth in his fpeech, but not from his heart. Eccluf.
An eloquent man is known far and near 3 but a man of underftanding knoweth when he fippeth. Eccluf xxi. 7.
7. To creep by overfight.
Some miftakes may havefipt into it; but others will be pre¬
vented by the names being now fet at length. Adu. to Dunciad.
8. To efcape; to fall away out of the memory.
By the hearer it is Hill prefumed, that if they be letfip for
the prefent, what good foever they contain is left, and that
without all hope of recovery. Hooker.
The mathematician proceeds upon propofitions he has once
demonftrated; and though the demonftration may have fipt
out of his memory, he builds-upon the truth. Addifon.
Ufe the moft proper methods to retain the ideas'you have
acquired; for the mind is ready to let many of them fip, unle/s fome pains be taken to fix them upon the memory. Watts.
To Slip. v. a.
1. To convey fecretly.
In his officious attendance upon his miftrefs he tried to fip
a powder into her drink. Arbuthn. Hif. cfJohn Bull.
2. To lofe by negligence.
You are not now to think what’s beft to do.
As in beginnings; but what muft be done,
Being thus enter’d; andfip no advantage
That may fecure you. Ben, Jobnfn’s Catiline.
Let us notfip th’ occafion, whether fcorn
Or fatiate fury yield it from our foe. Milton.
One ill man may not think of the mifehief he could do, or
fip the occafion. L’Efhange.
Tofip the market, when thus fairly offered, is great im¬
prudence. _ Collier.
For watching occafions to correct others in their difeourfe,
and not tofip any opportunity of fhewing their talents, fcholars are moft blamed. Lode.
Thus far my author hasfipt his firft defign ; not a letter of
what has been yet faid prom®ting any ways the trial. Atterb.
3. To part twigs from the main body by laceration.
The runners fpread from the mafter-roots, and have little
fprouts or roots to them, which, being cut four or five inches
long, make excellent fets: the branches alfo may be-flipped and
planted. Mcrtimer’s Husbandry.
4. To efcape from; to leave flily.
This bird you aim’d at, though you hit it not.
Oh, Hr, Lucentiofipp’d me like his greyhound,
Which runs himfelf, and catches for his mafter. Shakefp.
5. Toletloofe.
On Eryx altars lays
A lamb new fallen to the ftormy feas;
1 hen flips his haulfers, and his anchors weighs. Dryden.
6. To let a doglcofe.
The impatient greyhound,fipt from far,
Bounds o’er the glebe, to courle the fearful hare. Dryden.
7* To throw off* any thing that holds one.
Forced to alight, my horfe flipped his bridle, and ran
away. Swift.
8. To pafs over negligently.
If our author gives us a lift of his do£lrines, with what
reafon can that about indulgences b<}flipped over ? Atterbury.
z Slip.
J
. S L I
Slip. n.f [from the verb.]
1. The act of flipping; falfe flep.
2. Frrour; miftake; fault.
There put on him
What forgeries you pleafe: marry, none fo rank
As may diihopour him.
But, fir, fuch wanton, wild, and ufual/lip!.
As are molt known to youth and liberty. Shakefpeare.
Of the promife there made, our maiter hath failed us, byJlip
of memory, or injury ot time. IVottoris Architecture.
This religious attention, which nature has implanted in
man, would be the molt enormousJlip (he could commit.
More's Antidote aga'njl Atheifm.
One cafual flip is enough to weigh down the faithful fervice
of a long life. L'E/trange.
Adonzo, mark the characters ;
And if th’ impoftor’s pen have made a fip.
That fhews it counterfeit, mark that and fave me. Dryden.
Lighting upon a very eafyfip I have made, in putting one
feemingly indifferent word for another, that difeovery opened
to me this prefent view. Locke.
Any little fip is more confpicuous and obfervable in a
good man’s conduit than in another’s, as it is not of a piece
with his character. Addfan's Spectator.
3. A twig torn from the main flock.
In truth, they are fewer, when they come to be difeufled by
reafon, than otherwife they feem, when by heat of conten¬
tion they are divided into manyftps, and of every branch an
heap is made. Hooker.
The ftps of their vines have been brought into Spain. Abb.
Adoption ftrives with nature, and choice breeds
A nativefip to us from foreign feeds. Shakefpeare.
Thy mother took into her blameful bed
Some ftern untutor’d churl, and noble flock
Was graft with crab-treefip, whofe fruit thou art. Shakef
Trees are apparelled with flowers or herbs by boring holes
in their bodies, and putting into them earth holpen with muck,
and fetting feeds orftps of violets in the earth. Bacon.
So have I feen fome tenderfip.
Sav’d with care from Winter’s nip,
The pride of her carnation train.
Pluck’d up by fome unheedy fwain. Milton.
The lab’rer cuts
Young fips, and in the foil fecurely puts. Dryden.
They are propagated not only by the feed, but many alfo by
the root, and fome byftps or cuttings. Ray on the Creation.
4. A lealh or firing in which a dog is held.
I fee you ftand like greyhounds in the fip!.
Straining upon the ftart. Shakefp. Henry V.
God is faid to harden the heart permiffively, but not ope¬
ratively, nor effectively; as he who only lets loofe a grey¬
hound out of the fip, is faid to hound him at the hare. Bramh.
5. An efcape ; a defertion. I know not whether to give thefip,
be not originally taken from a dog that runs and leaves the
firing orfip in the leader’s hand.
The more fhame for her goodyfhip.
To give fo near a friend thefip. Hudibras.
The daw did not like his companion, and gave him thefip,
* and away into the woods. L'EJlrange.
Their explications are not your’s, and will give you the
fip. Locke.
6. A long narrow piece.
Between thefe eaftern and weffern mountains lies a fip of
lower ground, which runs acrofs the ifland. Addifon.
Sli'pboard. n.f. [fip and board/ A board Aiding in grooves.
1 ventured to draw back thefipboard on the roof, contrived
on purpofe to let in air. Gulliver s Travels.
Sli'pknot. n.f. [fip and knot.'] A bowknot; a knot eafily
untied.
'I hey draw off fo much line as is neceffary, and fallen the
reff upon the line-rowl with a fipknot, that no more line turn
off. Moxon s Mech. Exer.
In large wounds a Angle knot flrft; over this a little linen
comprefs, on which is to be made another Angle knot, and
then afipknot, which may be loofened upon inflammation.
Sharp’s Surgery.
Sli'pper, or Slip/hoe. n.f. [from fip/ A (hoe without lea¬
ther behind, into which the foot flips eafily.
A gown made of the Aneft wool,
Which from our pretty lambs we pull;
Fair lined fiippers for the cold,
With buckles of the pureft gold j
A belt of ftra’w and ivy buds, x
With coral clafps, and amber fluds. Raleigh.
If he went abroad too much, flte’d ufe
To give him fippers, and lock up his (hoes. King.
Thrice rung the bell, thefipper knock’d the ground,
And the prefs’d watch return’d a Alver found. Pope.
Sli'pper. adj. [plrpup, Saxon.] Slippery; not Arm. Obfolete. Perhaps never in ufe but for poetical convenience.
A truftlefs ffate of earthly things, and fipper hope
Of mortal men, that fwinke and fweat for nought. Spenfer.
S L I
Sli'pperiness. n.f. [fromfippery/
1. State or quality of being flippery ; fmoothnefs; glibnefs.
We do not only fall by the fipperinefs of our tongues, but
We deliberately difeipline them to mifehief. Gov. ofthe Tongue.
7'he fchirrus may be diftinguifhed by its want of inflamma¬
tion in the Ikin, its fmoothnefs, and.fipperinefs deep in the
breaft. Sharp's Surgery.
2. Uncertainty ; want of Arm footing.
Sli'ppery. adj. [j-lipuji, Saxon ; fiperig, Swedilh.J
1. Smooth; glib.
They trim their feathers, which makes them oily and fipfery, that the water flips off. Mortimer.
Oily fubffances only lubricate and make the bowe's fipgery. Arbutknot.
2. Not affording Arm footing.
Did you know the art o’ th’court,
As hard to leave as keep; whofe top to climb,
Is certain falling ; or fofipp’ry, that
The fear’s as bad as falling. Shakefp. Cymbehne.
His promife to truft to asfippery zs ice. 7ufer.
Their way fhall be asftppery ways in the darknefs. fer. xxiii.
Thefipp’ry tops of human (late,
The gilded pinacles of fate. Cowley.
The higher they are railed, the giddier they are; the more
fippery is their ftanding, and the deeper the tall. L'Efrange.
The higheft hill is the mod flipp’ry place.
And fortune mocks us with a fmiling face. Denham.
Beauty, like ice, our footing does betray ;
Who can tread fure on the frnooth fppery way ? Dryden.
3. Hard to hold ; hard to keep.
Thus furely bound, yet be not overbold,
Thefipp'ry god will try to loofe his hold ; ‘
And various forms affume, to cheat thy Aght,
And with vain images of beafts affright. Dtyden’s Georg.
4. Not (landing Arm.
When they fall, as beingfipp’ry (landers.
The love that lean’d on them asfipp'ry too,
Doth one pluck down another, and together
Die in the fad. Shake/. Troilus andCrcfda.
5. Uncertain; changeable; mutable; inftable.
Oh world, thyfippery turns! Friends now faft fworn,
Whofe double bofoms feem to wear one heart,
Whofe hours, whofe bed, whofe meal and exercife.
Are dill together ; who twine, as ’twere, in love
Unfeparable, fhall within this hour.
On a diffenflon of a doit, break out
To bittereft enmity. Shakefpeare.
He looking down
With fcorn or pity on thefippery (late
Of kings, will tread upon the neck of fate. Denh. Sophy.
6. Not certain in its eft'edl.
One fure trick is better than a hundred fippery ones. L’Efr.
7. [Lubrique, French.] Not chafte.
My wife isfippery. Shakefp. Winter s Tale.
Sli'ppy. adv. [from fip/ Slippery; eafily Aiding. A bar¬
barous provincial word.
The white of an egg is ropy,fippy, and nutritious. Floyer.
Sli'pshod. adj. [fip and Jhod/ Having the fhoes not pulled
up at the heels, but barely flipped on.
Thefip/hod ’prentice from his mailer’s door
Had par’d the dirt, and fprinkled round the floor. Swift.
Sli'pslop. n.f. Bad liquor. A low word formed by redupli¬
cation offop.
Slish. n.f. A low word formed by reduplicating fa/h.
What! this a fleeve ?
Here’s fnip and nip, and fi/h and (lath,
Like to a cenfor in a barber’s (hop. Shakefpeare.
To Slit. v. a. pret. and part.fit and fitted, [piman, Saxon,j
To cut longwife.
To make plants medicinable fit the root, and infufe into it
the medicine; as hellebore, opium, fcammony, and then bind
it up. Bacon s Nat. HiHory.
The deers of Arginufa had their ears divided, occafloned at
flrft byfitting the ears. Brown’s Vu’gar Errours.
Had it hit
The upper part of him, the blow
Hadfit, as fure as that below. Hudibras.
We flit the preternatural body open. Wifeman’s Surgery.
A liberty might be left to the judges to inflidl death, or fome
notorious mark, by fitting the nofe, or brands upon the
cheeks. _ Temple.
It a tinned or plated body, which, being of an even thicknefs, appears all over of an uniform colour, (hould be/7?/ into
threads, or broken into fragments of the fame thicknefs with
the plate, 1 fee no reafon why every thread or fragment (hould
not keep its colour. Newton’s Opt.
He took a freak
T°fit my tongue, and make me fpeak, Swift.
Slit. n.J. [phr, Saxon.] A long cur, or narrow opening.
. . ^t James s fields is a conduit of brick, unto which
joineth a low vault, and at the end of that a round heufe of
(tone; and in the brick conduit there is a window, and in the
round
S L O S L O
round houfe a fit or rift of fome little breadth : if you cry out
in the rift, it will make a fearful roaring at the window, bacon.
Where the tender rinds of trees dilclofe
Their (booting gems, a fweliing knot there grows:
juit in that place a narrow/lit we make,
1 hen other buds from bearing trees we take;
Inferted thus, the wounded rind we clofe. Dryden.
1 found, by looking through a Jlit or oblong hole, which
was narrower than the pupil of my eyes, and held clofe to it
parallel to the prifrns, I could fee the circles much diftinder,
and vifible to a far greater number, than otherwife. Newton.
To SLIVE. Iv. a. [ plipan, Saxon. J To fplit ; to divide
To SLTVER. 5 longvvife ; to tear off longwife.
Liver of blafpheming Jew,
Gall of goat, and flips of yew.
Sliver'd in the moons eclipfe. Shakerp. Macbeth.
SlTver. n.f [from the verb.] A branch torn off. Sliver, \n
Scotland, (till denotes a fiice cut off: as, he took a largefiver
of the beef.
There on the pendant boughs, her coronet weed
Ciamb’ring to hang, an enviousfiver broke,
When down her weedy coronet and herfelf
Fell in the weeping brook, Shak. Ha?nlet.
Sloats. n.f. Of a cart, are thofe underpieces which keep the
bottom together. Bailey.
Slo'bber. n.f. [glavo rio, Welfh.] Slaver. See Slaver.
To Slock, v. n. [flock, to quench, Swedifh and Scottifh ] To
flake; to quench.
Sloe. n.f. [ pla, Saxon; flaae, Danifh. ] The fruit of the
blackthorn, a fmall wild plum.
The fair pomgranate might adorn the pine,
* he grape the bramble, and the floe the vine. Blackmore.
When you fell your underwoods, fow haws and flows in
them, and they will furnifh you, without doing of your woods
any hurt. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Sloop, n.f. A fmall fliip.
IoSlop. v. a. [from lap, lop, flop.] To drink grofly and
greedily.
Slop. n. f. [from the verb.] Mean and vile liquor of any
kind. Generally fome naufeous or ufe^efs medicinal liquor.
The Tick hufband here wanted for neither fops nor doc¬
tors. L’EJlrange.
But thou, whatever fops fhe will have bought,
Be thankful. Dryden’s Juvenal.
Slop, n.f [plop, Saxon; foave, Dutch, a covering] Trowfers ; open breeches.
What faid Mr. Dombledon about the fattin for my fhort
cloak and flops ? Shakefp. Henry IV.
SLOPE, adj. ['Phis word is not derived from any fatisfadory
original. Junius omits it: Skinner derives it from fap, lax,
Dutch ; and derives it from the curve of a loofe rope. Per¬
haps its original may be latent in loopen, Dutch, to run, dope
being eafy to the runner.] Oblique ; not perpendicular. It
is generally ufed of acclivity or declivity; forming an angle
greater or lefs with the plane of the horizon.
Where there is a greater quantity of water, and fpace
enough, the water moveth with a ftoper rife and fall. Bacon.
Murm’ring waters fall
Down the fope hills, difpers’d, or in a lake,
That to the fringed bank with myrtle crown’d
Her cryftal mirror holds, unite their ffreams. Milton.
Slope, n.f. [from the adjective.]
j . An oblique direction ; any thing obliquely directed.
2. Declivity ; ground cut or formed with declivity.
Growing upon fopes is caufed for that mofs, as it eometh
of moifture, fo the water mult hut Hide, not be in a pool. Bac.
My lord advances with majeftick mien,
And when up ten fteepfopes you’ve dragg’d your thighs.
Juft at his ftudy door he’ll blefs your eyes. Pope.
Slope, adv. Obliquely; not perpendicularly.
Uriel
Return’d on that bright beam, whofe point now rais’d
Bore him fope downward to the fun, now fall’n. Milton.
1 o Slope, v.a. [from the adjective.] To form to obliquity
or declivity ; to dired obliquely.
7 hough bladcd corn be lodg’d, and trees blown down.
Though palaces and pyramids do fope
Their heads to their foundations. Shakefp. Macbeth.
On each hand the flames
Driv’n backward fope their pointing fpires, and rowl’d
In billows, leave i’ th’ midft a horrid vale. Milt. Par. Lojl.
I he ftar, that rofe at evening bright,
Toward heav’n’s defeent hadfop'd his weltering wheel. Milt.
All night I flept, oblivious of my pain ;
Aurora dawn’d, and Phoebus fhin’d in vain :
i\or till oblique he fop’d his evening ray,
Ha bomnus dry’d the balmy dews away. Pope’s Od)fey.
1 o Slope, v. n. 1 o take an oblique or declivous direction.
Betwixt the midft and thefe the gods attend
Two habitable feats for human kind ; b
And crofs their limits cut a foping way.
Which the twelve figns in beauteous order fway. Dryden.
Upffarts a palace, lo ( th’ obedient baf?
Sipes at its foot, the woods its ftdes embrace. Pope.
I here is a ftrait hole in every ants neft half an inch deep,
and then it goes down Jbping into a place where they have
their magazine. Addifon’s Spectator.
Slo'peness. n.f. [fromfope.] Obliquity; declivity; not per¬
pendicularity.
I he Italians give the cover a graceful pendence of fopenefs,
dividing the whole breadth into nine parts, whereof two fhall
ferve for the elevation of the higheft ridge. Woturn's Architect.
Slo'pewise. adj. [fope and wife.] Obliquely; not perpendi¬
cularly.
The Wear is a frith, reaching fopewife through the Ofe
from the land to low water mark, and having in it a bent or
cod with an eye-hook; where the fifh entering, upon their
coming back with the ebb, are flopped from ifluing out again,
forfaken by the water, and left dry on the Ofe. Carew.
Slo'pingly. adv. [from foping.] Obliquely; not perpendi¬
cularly.
Thefe atoms do not defeend always perpendicularly, but
fometimesfopingly. Digby on the Soul.
Sloppy, adj. [from fop.] Miry and wet: perhaps rather
fabby. See Slab.
7o Slot. v. a. [ fughen, Dutch.] To ftrike or dafh
hard.
Slot. n.f. [fod, Iflandick.] The track of a deer.
Sloth, n. J'. [ ylrepcS, ylep’S, Saxon. It might therefore be not
improperly written floath, but that it feems better to regard
the orthography of the primitivefew.]
1. Slownefs; tardinefs.
Thefe cardinals trifle with me: I abhor
This dilatoryfoth and tricks of Rome. Shak. Henry VIII.
2. Lazinefs; flusgifhnefs ; idlenefs.
Falfe of heart, light of ear, bloody of hand.
Hog in foth, fox in Health. Shakefp. King Lear.
They change their courfe to pleafure, eafe, and Jhth. Milt.
Induftry approach’d,
And rous’d him from his miferablefoth. Thomfon’s Autumn.
3. An animal.
7 hefoth is an animal of fo flow a motion, that he will be
three or four days at leaft in climbing up and coming down a
tree; and to go the length of fifty paces on plain ground, re¬
quires a whole day. Grew.
Slo'thful. adj. [foth and full.] Idle; lazy; fluggifh; inadive; indolent; dull of motion.
He that isfothful in his work, is brother to him that is a
great wafter. Prov. xviii. 9:
The defire of the fothful killeth him ; for his hands refufe
to labour. . Prov. xxi. 25.
To vice induftrious; but to nobler deeds
Timorous and fothful. 1 Milton.
Flora commands thofe nymphs and knights.
Who liv’d in fothful eafe and loofe delights.
Who never ads of honour durft purfue,
The men inglorious knights; the ladies all untrue. Dryden.
The very foul of thefothful does effeduallv but liedrowfing
in his body, and the W'hole man is totally given up to his
fenfes. L’EJlrange.
Slo'thfully. adv. [from fothful] With doth;
Slo'thfulness, n.J. [(comfothful.] Idlenefs; lazinefs; fluggifhncfs; inadivity.
To truft to labour without prayer, argueth impiety and
prophanenefs ; it maketh light of the providence of God : and
although it be not the intent of a religious mind, yet it is the
fault of thofe men whofe religion wanteth light of a mature
judgment to dired it, when we join with our prayer fothfulnefs and negled of convenient labour. Hooker.
Slothfulnefs cafteth into a deep fleep, and an idle foul fhall
fuffer hunger. _ Prov. xix. 15.
Slouch, n.f. [ fojf, Danifh, ftupid.]
1. A downcaft look; a depreflion of the head. In Scotland,
an ungainly gait, as alfo the perfon whofe gait it is.
Our dodor has every quality that can make a man ufeful;
but, alas ! he hath a fort of fouch in his walk. Sivift.
2. A man who looks heavy and clownifh.
Begin thy carrols then, thou vauntingfouch;
Be thine the oaken ftaft, or mine the pouch. Gey.
To Slouch, v.n, [from the noun.] To have a dovvneaft
clownifh look.
SLO'VEN. n. f. [foef, Dutch; yslyvn, Welfh, nafty, fhabby.j
A man indecently negligent of cleanlinefs; a man dirtily
dreffed,
7 he minifters came to church in handfome holiday apparel,
and that himfelr did not think them bound by the law of Goii
to go like fovens. Hooker.
Affed in things about thee cleanlinefs,
That all may gladly board thee as a flow’r:
Slovens take up their flock of noifomenefs
Beforehand, and anticipate their laft hour. Herbert,
For as when fovens do amifs
At others doors. Hudibras.
You
S L O S L U
You laugh, half beau, halfJloven if I Hand;
My wig half powder, and all lnuff my band. Pcpc.
Slo'venliness. n.f [from Jlovenly.] Indecent negligence of
drefs; negledt of cleanlinefs.
Slovenlinrfs is the worft fign of a hard ftudent, and civility
the bed exercife of the remifsj yet not to be exaCl in the
phrafeof compliment, or geftures of courtefy. Wotton.
Slg'venly. edj. [from Jloven.'] Negligent of drefs; negligent
of neatnefs ; not neat; not cleanly.
yEfop at laft found out a Jloven y lazy fellow, lolling at his
cafe, as if he had nothing to do. L’Efrange.
SloVk ly. adv. [fromfloven.] In a coarfc inelegant manner.
A> I hang my cloaths on fomewhat Jlovenly>, I no fooner
went in but he frowned upon me. Pope.
Slo'venry. n.j. [fromJloven.'] Dirtinefs; want of neatnels.
Our gaynefs and our gilt are all befmirch’d
With rainy marching in the painful field:
'I'here’s not a piece of feather in our hoft.
And time hath worn us into Jlovenry. Shakefp. II. V.
Slough, n.f [ploj, Saxon. J
1. A deep miry place ; a hole full of dirt.
The Scots were in a fallow field, whereinto the Englifh
could not enter, but over a crofs ditch and a fough \ in paffing whereof many of the Englifh horfe were plunged, and
fome mired. Hayward.
The ways being foul- twenty to one,
He’s here ftuck in a faugh, and overthrown. Milton.
A carter had laid his waggon faff in a fough. L’Ejlrange.
2. The fkin which a ferpent calls off at his periodical renovation.
Thy fates open their hands, let thy blood and fpirit embrace
them; and to inure thyfelf to what thou art like to be, call
thy humble fough, and appear frefh, Shah, Twelfth Night.
When the mind is quicken’d,
The organs, though defunCt and dead before,
Break up their drowfy grave, and newly move,
With calledfough and frefh legerity. Shakefpeare.
As the fnake, roll’d in a fiow’ry bank,
With fhining checker’d fough, doth Iting a child.
That for the beauty thinks it excellent. Shah. Hen. VI.
Oh let not fieep my clofing eyes invade
In open plains, or in the fecret {hade.
When he, renew’d in all the fpeckl’d pride
Of pompous youth, has call hisfough afide;
And in his Summer liv’ry rolls along,-
Eredl and brandifhing his forky tongue. Dryden.
The fough of an Englifh viper, that is, the cuticula, they
call off twice .every year, at fpring and fall: the reparation
begins at the head, and is finilhed in twenty-four hours. Grew.
1 he body, which we leave behind in this vifible world,
is as the womb or fough from whence we iffue, and are
born into the other. Greiv’s Cofmol.
3. The part that feparates from a foul fore.
At the next dreffing I found a fough come away with* the
dreflings, which was the fordes. Wifeman on Ulcers.
Slo'ughy. qdj. [frpmfough.] Miry; boggy; muddy.
That cuftom Ihould not be allowed of cutting feraws in low
grounds fi- ugby underneath, which turn into bog. Swift.
SLOW. adj. [flap, yleap, Saxon ; feeuw, Frifick.J
1. Not fwift; npt quick of motion; not fpeedy ; not having
velocity; wanting celerity.
Me thou think’ll notfow,
Who fince the morning hour fet out from heav’n.
Where God refides, and on mid-day arriv’d
In Eden, dillance inexpreffible. Milton.
Where the motion is fofow as not to fupply a conftant train
of frelh ideas to the fenfes, the fenfe of motion is loll. Locke.
2. Late ; not happening in a lhort time.
Thefe changes in the heav’ns, though fow, produc’d
Like change on fea and land, fidereal blaft. Milton.
3. Not ready; not prompt; not quick.
Iamfow ok fpeech, and a fow tongue. Ex. iv. 10.
Mine ear lhall not befow, mine eye not Ihut. Milton.
The fow of fpeech make in dreams unpremeditated ha¬
rangues, or converfe readily in languages that they are but little
acquainted with. Addifon.
4. Dull; ina&ive; tardy; fluggilh.
Fix’d on defence, the Trojans are not flow
To guard their Ihore from an expected foe. Dryden.
5. Nothafly; adling with deliberation; not vehement.
The Lord is merciful, andfow to anger. Common Prayer.
He that isfow to wrath is of great undemanding. Prov.
6. Dull; heavy in wit.
The politick and wife
Are flyfow things with circumfpedlive eyes. p0pCm
Slow, in compofition, is an adverb, fowly.
Thisfow-pac’d foul, which late did cleave
T’ a body/ and went but by the body’s leave.
Twenty perchance or thirty mile a day,
Difpatches in a minute all the way
* Twixt heav’n and earth. Donne.
To the fhame of yZm'-endeavouring art
Thy eafy numbers flow. Milton.
This day’s death denounc’d, if ought I fee,
Will prove no Hidden, but afow-pac’d evil,
A long day’s dying to augment our pain. Miltons Par. Lofk
For eightJlow-circling years by tempefts toff. Pope.
Some demon urg’d
, T’ explore the fraud with guile oppos’d to guile,
Slow-pacing thrice around th’ infidious pile. Pope.
To Slow. v.a. [from the adjeclive.j To omit by dilatorinefs j
to delay; to procraftinate. Not in ufe.
Now do you know the reafon of this haffe ?
— I would I knew not why it Ihould be flow’d. Shakefpeare.
Slo'wly. adv. [fromfow.]
1. Not fpeedily ; not with celerity; not with velocity.
rI he gnome rejoicing bears her gift away,
Spreads his black wings, and fowly mounts to day. Popti
1. Not foon ; not early ; not in a little time.
The poor remnant of human feed peopled their country
again fowly, by little and little. Bacon.
Our fathers bent their baneful induffry
To check a monarchy thatfowly grew ;
But did not France or Holland’s fate forfee,
Whofe rifingpow’r to fwift dominion flew. Dryden*
We oft ourfoiuly growing works impart.
While images refledl from art to art. Pope.
3. Not haftily ; not raffily.
4. Not promptly ; not readily.
5. Tardily; fluggiihly.
The chapel of St. Laurence advances fo veryfonly, that’tis
not impoflible but the family of Mcdicis may be extindl before
their burial place is finilhed. Addifon on Italy.
Sl oVvness. n.f. [fromfow.]
1. Smalnefs of motion; not fpeed; want of velocity; abfence
of celerity or fwiftnefs.
Providence hath confined thefe human arts, that what any
invention hath in the ffrength of its motion, is abated in the
fownefs of it; and what it hath in the extraordinary quicknefs
of its motion, muff be allowed for in the great ffrength that is
required unto it. Wilkins’s Math. Magic.
Motion is the abfolute mode of a body, but fwiftnefs or
fownefs are relative ideas. Watts.
2. Length of time in which anything a£ls or is brought to pafs;
not quicknefs.
Tyrants ufe what art they can to increafe the fownefs of
dea^h* _ Hooker.'
3. Dulnefs to admit convi&ion or affe&ion.
Chrift would not heal their infirmities, becaufe of the hardnefs and fownefs of their hearts, in that they believed him
Bentley’s Sermons.
4. Want of promptnefs; want of readinefs.
5. Deliberation ; cool delay.
6. Dilatorinefs; procraftination.
Slo'wworm. n.f [ j-lapypm, Saxon.] The blind worm; a
fmall viper, venomous, but fcarcely mortal.
Though we have found formed fnakes in the belly of the
cecilia, orfowwarm, yet may the viper emphatically bear the
name* Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
To Slu'bbeR. v a. [Probably from lubber ]
1. To do any thing lazily, imperfectly, or with idle hurry.
Nature fheweu Ihe doth not like men, whofubker up mat¬
ters of mean account. Sidney.
Baffanio told him, he would make fome fpeed
Of his return : he anfwer’d, do not fo.
Slubber not bufinefs for my fake. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
As they are fubbered over, the malignity that remains will
Ihow itfelf in fome chronick difeafe, or in fome fpecies of
the lues venerea. Wijeman’s Surgery.
2. Toffain; to daub. [This feems to be from fobber, flabber,
ox faver.]
You muff be content to fubber the glofs of your new for¬
tunes, with this more ftubborn and boifterous expedition. Shah.
3. To cover coarfely or carelefly.
A man of fecret ambitious ends, and proportionate counfels, fmothered under the habit of a fcholar, andfubbered over
with a certain rude and clownifh faffiion, that had the femblance of integrity. Wotton.
Slu bberdegullion, n. f [I fuppofe a cant word without
derivation.] A paitry, dirty, forry wretch.
Quoth Hie, although thou haft deferv’d,
Balefubberdegullion, to be ferv’d
As thou did’ft vow to deal with me,
If thou had’ft got the vidlory. Hudih'mas.
Sludge, n.f. [I fuppofe from J-I03, Hough, Saxon.] Mire
dirt mixed with water.
crTTJhe earth 1 made a mere foft fudge or mud. Mortimer
SLUG n.f. [fug, Damlh, and flock, Dutch, fignify a glutton
and thence one that has the floth of a glutton.] b
1. An idler; a drone; a flow, heavy, fleepy, lazy wretch
Pie, what zjlug is Haftings, that he comes not! Sbalefp.
2. An hindrance; an obliruClion. J
Ufiiry dulls and damps all improvements, wherein money
would be Itirring, if it were not for thisfug. Bad
24 I
3. A
S L U S L U
3. A kind of How creeping fnail.
4. [Slecj, an hammerhead, Saxon.] A cylindrical or oval piece
of mcial jfhot from a gun.
When fra£tures are made with bullets orJugs, there the
fcalp and cranium are driven in together. TVifemaris Surgery.
As, forc’d from wind-guns, lead itfelf can fly,
And pond’rousJlugs cut fwiftly through the fky. Pope.
To Slug. v. n. [trorh the noun.] To lie idle; to play the
drone; to move flowly.
All he did was to deceive good knights,
And draw them from purfuit of praife and fame,
To Jlug in floth and fenfual delights,
And end their days with irrenowned fhame. Fairy Queen.
He lay not all night plugging in a cabbin under his mantle;
but ufed commonly to keep others waking to defend their
lives. Spen/cr.
One wentflagging on with a thoufand cares. L'Ejlrangc.
Slu'ggard. n.f. fxomjug.] An idler ; a drone; an inadlive
lazy fellow.
Cry mercy, lords, and watchful gentlemen.
That you have ta’en a tardy Jluggard here. Sbakejp. R. III.
Up, up, fays avarice; thou fnor’ft again,
Stretched: thy limbs, and yawn’d, but all in vain :
The tyrant lucre no denial takes;
At his command th’ vmvjMBngJuggard wakes. Dryden.
Sprightly May commands our youth to keep
The vigils of her night, and breaks theirJluggard fleep. Dry.
To Slu'gcardize. v. a. [fromjluggard.] To make idle ; to
make dronilh.
Rather fee the wonders of the world abroad,
Than, living dullyJuggardiz'd at home,
Wear out thy youth with fhapelefs idlenefs. Shakejpeare.
Slu'ggish. adj. [fromJlug.~\ Dull; drowfy; lazy; flothful;
idle; infipid; flow; inactive; inert.
Sluggijl) idlenefs, the nurfe of fin.
Upon a flothful afs he chofe to ride. Fairy Qhuen.
The dull billows, thick as troubled mire,
Whom neither wind out of their feat could force,
Nor tides did drive out of theirJuggiJb fource. Spenfer.
One, bolder than the red,
With his broad fword provok’d the JuggiJb bead. Waller.
Matter, being impotent, jluggijb, and inactive, hath no
power to dir or move itfelf. Woodivard.
Slu'ggisi-ily. adv. [from jluggijb. ] Dully; not nimbly;
lazily; idly; flowly.
Slu'ggishness. n.f. [from JuggiJh.~\ Dulnefs; floth; lazinefs ; idlenefs ; inertnefs.
The mod of mankind are inclined by her thither, if they
would take the pains; no lefs than birds to fly, and horfes to
run; which, if they lofe, it is thro’ their own JuggiJmefs, aixl
by that means become her prodigies, not her children. b.jobnj.
It is of great moment to teach the mind to fhake off its
JluggiJhneJs, and vigoroufly employ itfelf about what reafon
fhall diredf. Locke.
SLUICE, n. f. [Jluyfe, Dutch; ejeluje, French; JcluJa, Italian.]
A Watergate ; a floodgate; a vent for water.
Two other precious drops that ready dood,
Tach in their crydalJuice, he ere they fell
Kifs’d, as the gracious flgns of fweet remorfe.
And pious awe, that fear’d to have offended. Milton.
Divine Alpheus, who, by fecretJuice,
Stole under das to meet his Arethufe. Milton.
If we receive them all, they were more than feven; if only
the naturalJuices, they were fewer. Broun’s Vulgar Errours.
As waters from herJuices, flow’d
Unbounded forrow from her eyes :
And fent her wailings to the fkies. Prior.
To Sluice, v. a. [from the noun.] To emit by floodgates.
Like a traitor coward.
Sluic’d out his inn’cent foul through dreams of blood. Sbak.
Veins of liquid ore Juic'd from the lake. Milton.
You wrong me, if you think I’ll fell one drop
Within thefe veins for pageants; but let honour
Call for my blood, I’llJuice it into dreams;
Turn fortune loofe again to my purfuit,
And let me hunt her through embattl’d foes
In dufly plains; there will I be the fird. Dryd. Span. Fryar.
Slu'icy. adj. [from Juice.] Falling in dreams as from a fluice
or floodgate.
And oft whole flicets defeend ofJuicy rain.
Suck’d by the fpongy clouds from od’ the main:
I he lofty fkies at once come pouring down,
I he promis’d crop and golden labours drown. Dryden.
ToSLU'MBER. v.n. [plumejian, Saxon ; Juymcren, Dutch.]
1 * ^ o fleep lightly; to be not awake nor in profound fleep.
He that keepeth Ifrael fhall neitherJumber nor fleep. PJ.
Confcience wakes defpair thatJumber'd. Milton.
2* * J (rc/P’ to repofe. Sleep and Jumber are often confounded.
God fpeaketh, yet man perceiveth it not: in a dream, in a
vidon of the night, when deep fleep falleth upon men, in
Jumlerings upon the bed. 8 J^xxxiii. 15.
Have ye chofen this place,
After the toil of battle, to repofe
Your wearied virtue, for the ufeyou find
ToJumber here. Milton.
3. To be in a date of negligence and fupinenefs.
To Slu'mbkr. v. a.
1. To lay to fleep.
2. To dupify ; 'to dun.
I hen up he took the /lumbered fenfeieCs corfe.
And ere he could out o‘f his fwoon awake,
Him to his caflle brought. Fairy Queen;
To honed a deed after it was done, or toJumber his con¬
fcience in the doing, he dudied other incentives. Wctton.
Slu'mbeR. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Light fleep ; fleep not profound.
And for his dreams, I wonder he’s fo fond
To trud the mock’ry of unquietJiirnbers. Shakefp. R. lit
I rom careleflnefs it fhall fall intoJumber, and from ajlutnler it fhall fettle into a deep and long fleep; ’till at lad, per¬
haps, it fhall fleep itfelf into a lethargy, and that fuch an one
that nothing but hell and judgment fhall awaken it. South.
Labour and red, that equal periods keep;
ObedientJutnbers that can wake and weep. Pope.
2. Sleep; repofe.
Boy ! Lucius! fad afleep ? It is no matter;
Enjoy tire honey-heavy dew ofJumber. Shakef. Jul. CaJ.
Love denies
Red to my foul, and Jumber to my eyes:
Three days I promis’d to attend my doom,
And two long days and nights are yet to come. Dryden.
Slumberous. } rc . . ^
Slu'mbery. \ai>- [fromy&Mfcr.]
1. Inviting to fleep; foperiferous; caudng fleep.
The timely dew of fleep,
Now falling with loftJumb’rous weight, inclines
Our eyelids. Miltony
While pcnfxve in the filentJumb’rous fhade.
Sleep’s gentle pow’rs her drooping eyes invade;
Minerva, life-like, on embodied air
Imprefs’d the form of Iphthema. Pope's Odyjpy.
There every eye with Jumb’rous chains fhe bound.
And dafh’d the flowing goblets to the ground.5 Pope.
2. Sleepy ; not waking.
A great perturbation in nature ! to receive at once the be¬
nefit of fleep, and do the effects of watching : in thisJumbery
agitation, what have you heard her fay ? Slakejp. Alacbetb.
Slung. The preterite and participle paflive ofJing.
Slunk. The preterite and participle paflive ofJink.
Silence accompany’d ; for bead, and bird.
They to their grafly couch, thefe to their neds.
WereJunk. Milton’s Paradije Lofl, b. iv.
Back to the thicketJunk
The guilty ferpent, and well might; for Eve,
Intent now wholly on her tade, nought elfe
Regarded. Milton's Paradije Lojl.
To SLUR. v. a. [Joorig, Dutch, nady; Joore, a flut.J
1. To fully ; to foil; to contaminate.
2. To pafs lightly ; to balk ; to mifs.
1 he atheids laugh in their fleeves, and not a little triumph,
to fee the caufe of theifm thus betrayed by its profefled friends,
and the grand argument Jurred by them, and fo their w'ork
done to their hands. , Cudworib.
Studious to plcafe the genius of the times,
With periods, points, and tropes he Jurs his crimes ;
He robh’d not, but he borrow’d from the poor.
And took but with intention to redore. Dryden.
3. To cheat; to trick.
What was the publick faith found out for,
But toJur men of what they fought for? Hudibras,
Come, feven’s the main.
Cries Ganymede: the ufual trick:
Seven,Jur a fix; eleven, a nick. Prior:
Slur. n.J. [from the verb.] Faint reproach ; flight difgrace.
Here’s an ape made a king for fhewing tricks ; and the fox
is then to put a Jur upon him, in expofing him for fport to
the fcorn of the people. L’Ejlrange.
No one can rely upon fuch an one, either with fafety to
his aflairs, or without aJur to his reputation; flnee he that
truds a knave has no other rccompence, but to be accounted
a fool for his pains. South's Sermons,
SLUT. n.J. [Jodde, Dutch.]
1. A dirty woman.
Cricket, to Windfor chimneys fhalt thou leap :
Where fires thou find’d unrak’d, and hearths unfwept.
There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry;
Our radiant queen hatesJluts and fluttery. Sbakejpeare.
The fallow fkin is for the fwarthy put.
And love can make a flattern of a Jut. Dryden.
The veal’s all rags, the butter’s turn’d to oil;
And thus 1 buy good meat forJuts to fpoil. King.
2. A
S M A
2. A word of flight contempt to a woman.;
Hold up, you Jluts,
Your aprons mountant; you re not othable.
Although I know yoil’ll (wear. Shake/. Ttmon.
The frogs were ready to leap out of their fkins for joy,
’till one crafty old Jlut in the company advifed them to consi¬
der a little better on’t. ^ L’EJlrange.
Slu'ttery. n.f [fromJlut.] The qualities hr prafticc of a flut.
Slult’ry, to fuch neat excellence oppos’d,
Should make defire vomit emptiriefs. Shake/ Cymb'eline.
Where fires thou find’fi unrak’d, and hearths unfwept,
There pinch the maids as blue as bilberfy;
Our radiant queen hates fluts and futt’ry. Shake/pearc.
Thefe make our girls theirJluttery rue,
By pinching them both black and blue;
And put a penny in their fhoe.
The houfe lor cleanly fweeping. Drayton.
A man gave money for a black, upon an opinion that his
fwarthy colour was ratherJ!uttery than nature, and the fault of
his mailer that kept him no cleaner. L’EJlrange.
Sli/ttish. adj. [fromJlut.] Nafty; not nice; not cleanly;
dirty ; indecently negligent of cleanlinefs.
All preparations both for food and lodging fuch as would
make one deteft niggardnefs, it is fofuttifo a vice. Sidney.
Albeit the mariners do covet {lore of cabbins, yet indeed
they are butJluttijh dens that breed ficknefs in peace, ferving
to cover Healths, and in fight are dangerous to tear men with
their fplinters. Raleigh’s EJJdys.
Fortune’s difpleafure is butJluttiJh, if it fmell fo ftrongly as
thou fpeak’ft of: I will henceforth eat no filh of fortune’s but¬
tering; Shake/. All’s ivell that end well.
The naftinefs of that nation, andy/imy^courfe of life, hath
much promoted the opinion, occafioned by their fervile condi¬
tion at firft, and inferior ways of parlimony ever fince. hroivn.
Slothful diforder fill’d his liable,
And/uttijh plenty deck’d her table. Prior.
Slu'ttishly. adv. [from JluttiJh.] In a fluttifh manner;
naflily; dirtily.
SluYtishness. n./ [from JluttiJh.] The qualities or prac¬
tice of a Hut; naftinefs; dirtinefs.
That is only fuitable in laying a foul complexion tipon a
filthy favour, fetting forth both in fluttJhne/s. Sidney.
I look on the inftinft of this noifome and troublefome crea¬
ture, the loufe, of fearching out foul and nafty clothes to har¬
bour and breed in, as an efteft of divine providence, defigned
to deter men and women fromJlutriJhne/s and fordidnefs, and to
provoke them to cleanlinefs and neatnels. Ray on the Creation.
SLY. adj. [ ph^, Saxon, flippery and metaphorically deceitful;
ficegur, Iflandick.] Meanly artful; fecretly infidious; cunning.
For myJly wyles and fubtile craftir.efs,
The title of the kingdom I pofiefs. Hubberd’s Tale.
And for I doubt the Greekifh monarch fy.
Will ufewith him fome of his wonted craft. Fairfax.
His proud ftep he fcornful turn’d,
And with Jly circumfpeftion. Milton’s Paradije Lojl.
Envy is a curfed plant: fome fibres of it are rooted almoft
in every man’s nature, and it works in a fy and imperceptible
manner. Watts.
It is odious in a man to look fy and leering at a wo¬
man. ClariJ/a.
SlyYy. adv. [from Jly.] With fecret artifice; infidioufly.
To Smack, v. n. [pmneejean, Saxon; J'maecken, Dutch.]
1. To have a tafte; to be tinftured with any particular tafte.
2. To have a tinfture or quality infufed.
All fefts, all ages, /mack of this vice, and he
Todie for it! Shake/p. Mea/urefor Meafure.
He is but a baftard to the time,
That doth notfmack of obfervation. Shake/ King John.
3. To make a noife by feparation of the lips ftrongly prefled
together, as after a tafte.
4. To kifs with a clofe compreftlon of the lips, fo as to be heard
when they feparate.
She kifs’d with/mocking lip the fnoring lout;
For fuch a kifs demands a pair of gloves. Gay.
He gives a/mocking bufs. Pope.
To Smack, v. a.
1. To kifs.
So carelefs flowers, ftrow’d on the waters face;
The curled whirlpools fuck, fmack, and embrace,
Yet drown them. Donne.
2. To make any quick fmart noife.
Smack, n.f [fmaeck,Dutch; from the verb ]
1. Tafte; favour.
2. Tincture; quality from fomething mixed.
The child, that fucketh the milk of the nurfe, learns his
firft fpecch of her; the which, being the firft inured to his
tongue, is ever after moft pleafing unto him, infonrUch, that
though he afterwards be taught Englilh, yet thefmack of the
firft will always abide with him. Spenfer.
Your lordfhip, though not clean p.lft yodr youth, hath yet
fome fmack of age in you, fome relifh of the faltnefs of time,
and Lave a care of your health. Shake/ Henry IV.
S M A
It cauied the neighbours to rue, that a pettyfmti'ck ohly 6(
popery opened a gap to the oppreilion of the whole. Careiv.
As the Pythagorean foul
Runs through all beads, and fiftl and fowl,
And has a Jmack of ev’ry one,
So love does, and hds ever done. Huchh as’.
3. A pleafing tafte.
Stack peafe Upon hovel;
To cover it quickly let owner regard.
Left dove and the cadow there finding zfiridek,
With ill ftorlny weather do pferifli thy Hack. Tufjir.
4. A fmall quantity ; a tafte*
Trembling to approach
The little barrel, which he fears to broach,
H’ eflays the wimble, often draws it back, ^
And deals to thirfty fervants but a /mack. Dryde'n s Per/
5. The aft of parting the lips audibly, as after a pleafing tal e.
6. A lolid kifs.
He took
The bride about the neck, and kift her bps
With fuch a clamorous/mack, that at the parting
All the church echo’d. Shakejp. Faming oj the ShreW*
I faw the lecherous citizen turn back
His head, and on his wife’s lip Heal a /mack. DbnHe.
7. [Snacca, Saxon ; fneckra, Iflandick.] Afmallfliip.
SMALlJ. adj. [pmall, Saxon ; final, Dutch ; Jmaar, Iflandick.]
1. Little in quantity; not great.
For a fmall moment have I forfaken thee, but with great
mercies will I gather thee. IJ- IN* 7*
Death only this myfterious truth unfolds.
The mighty foul howJmall a body holds. Dryden’s Juven.
All numeration is but Hill the adding of 6ne unit more, and
giving to the whole together a diftinft name, whereby to diftinguifh it from everyJmaller or greater multitude of units, hoc:
The ordinaryJ??ialeJl meafure we have is looked on as an
unit in number. Locke.
The danger is lefs when the quantity of the fluids is too
finall, than when it is too great; for a /nailer quantity will
pafs where a larger cannot, but not contrariwife. ArbuthnOt.
Good cooks cannot abide fiddling work: fuch is the dreffing of /mail birds, requiring a world of cookery. Swift.
2. Slender; exile; minute.
After the earthquake a fire, and after the fire a Hill /mail
voice. 1 Kings xix. 12.
Your fin and calf I burnt, and ground it very/mall, ’till it
was asfmall as dull. Deutr. ix. 21.
Thole Wav’d their limber fans
For wings, and jrhallejl lineaments exaft. Milton.
Small grained fand is efteemed the bell for the tenant, and
the large for the landlord and land. Alortimer s Hujbandry.
3. Little in degree.
There arofe no/mail Hir about that way. Adis xix. 23.
4. Little in importance; petty; minute.
Is it aJmall matter that thou haft taken my hufband ? Gen.
Narrow man being fill’d with little fhares.
Courts, city, church, are all Ihops of fmall wares ;
All having blown to fparks their noble fire.
And drawn their found gold ingot into wire. Donne.
Some mens behaviour is like a verfe, wherein every fyllable
is meafured : how can a man comprehend great matters that
breaketh his mind too much toJmall obfervations ? Bacon.
5. Little in the principal quality, as /mail beer; not ftrong;
weak.
Go down to the cellar to draw ale or/mall beer. *Swift.
Small, n.f. [from the adjeftive.] The fmall or narrow part
of any thing. It is particularly applied to the part of the leg
below the calf.
Her garment was cut after fuch a fafhion, that though the
length of it reached to the ancles, yet in her going one might
fometimes difeern the/mail of her leg. Sidney.
Into her legs I’d have love’s ifl’ues fall,
And all her calf into a goutyfmall. Suckling.
His excellency, having mounted on the fmdll of my leg, ad¬
vanced forwards. Gulliver’s Travels.
SMaYlage. n.f [from /mail age, becaufe it foon withers.
Skinner.] A plant. It is a fpecies of parfley, and a common
weed by the Tides of ditches and brooks. Miller.
Smallage is raifed by flips or feed, which is redid), and
pretty big, of a roundifh oval figure; a little more full and
rifing on one fide than the other, and {freaked from one end
to the other. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
SmaYlcoal. n.f. [/mail and coal.] Little wood coals ufed
to light fires.
Afmallcoal man, by waking one of thefe diftrefled o-entlemen, faved him from ten years imprifonment. Sjeklator.
Whenfmallcoal murmurs in the hoarfer throat
From fmutty dangers guard thy threaten’d coat. ’ Gay.
Sma/llcraft. n.f. [/null and craft.] A little veflel below
the dendmination of ihip.
Shall he before me fign, whom t’other day 1
A fmallcraft veflel hither did convey; >
M here {lain d with prunes, and rotten figs, he lay. Dryd. \
SmaYlpqx,
S M A SME
Smallpo'x. n.f. [fmalland pox.] An eruptive diftemper of
great malignity, variola.
He fell ftck of the fmallpox. Wifeman.
Sma'lly adv. [from fmall.] In a little quantity; with minutenefs ; in a little or low degree.
A child that is {till, and fomewhat hard of wit, is never
chofen by the father to be made a fcholar, or elfe when he
cometh to the fchool, is finally regarded. AJcham.
Sma lness. n.f. [fromfmall.]
I.Littlenefs ; not greatnefs.
The parts in glafs are evenly fpread, but are not fo clofe as
in gold ; as we lee by the eafy admifilon of light, and by the
J'malneJs of the weight. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
1.Littlenefs; want of bulk; minutenefs; exility.
Whatfoever is invifible, in refpedf of the finenefs of the bo¬
dy, or thefmalnefs of the parts, or fubtilty of the motion, is
little enquired. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Thefmalnefs of the rays of light may contribute very much
to the power of the agent by which they are refracted. Newt.
3. Want of ftrength; weaknefs.
Smalt, n.f
A beautiful blue fubftance, produced from two parts of
zaffre being fufed with three parts common fait, and one part
potalh. Hill on Foffils.
To make a light purple, mingle cerufe with logwood wa¬
ter; and moreover turnfoil with lac mingled with fmalt of bice.
Peacham.
Sma'ragdine. aclj. [fmaragdinus, Latin.] Made of emerald ;
refembling emerald.
Smart, n.f. [ymeojvca, Saxon; fmert, Dutch; fmarta, Swedilh.]
1. Quick, pungent, lively pain.
Then her mind, though too late, by thefmart, was brought
to think of the difeafe. Sidney.
2. Pain, corporal or intellectual.
MilLaps are matter'd by advice difcreet.
And counfel mitigates the greateftJinart. Fairy Queen.
It increafed the fmart of his prefent fufferings, to compare
them with his former happinefs. Aticrbury.
To Smart, v.n. [ymeojrcan, Saxon; fmerten, Dutch.]
1. To feel quick lively pain.
When a man’s wounds ceafe tofmart, only becaufe he has
loft his feeling, they are neverthelefs mortal. South.
Human blood, when firft let, is mild, and will not make
the eye or a frefh wound fmart. Arbuthnot.
2. To feel pain of body or mind.
He that is furety for a ftranger ftiall fmart for it, Frov,
No creature fmarts fo little as a fool.
Let peals of laughter, Codrus! round thee break.
Thou unconcern’d can’ft hear the mighty crack. Pope.
Smart, adj. [from the noun.]
1. fungent; (harp; caufing fmart.
How fmart a lafti that fpeech doth give my confcience?
Shakefpeare.
To the fair he fain would quarter fhow.
His tender heart recoils at every blow;
If unawares he gives toofmart a ftroke.
He means but to correct, and not provoke. Granville.
2. Quick; vigorous; active.
That day was fpent in fmart fkirmifhes, in which many
fell. Clarendon.
This found proceeded from the nimble and fmart percuffions
of the ambient air, made by the fwift and irregular motions of
the particles of the liquors. Boyle.
3. Producing any effect with force and vigour.
After fhow’rs.
The ftars fhine fmarter, and the moon adorns,
As with unborrow’d beams, her Iharpen’d horns. Dryden.
4. Acute ; witty.
It was afmart reply that Auguftus made to one that miniftred this comfort of the fatality of things: this was fo far
from giving any eafe to his mind, that it was the very thing
that troubled him. Tiliotfon.
5. Brifk; vivacious; lively.
You may fee a fmart rhetorician turning his hat in his hands,
during the whole courfe of his harangue. A deaf man would
think he was cheapening a beaver. Addifon.
Smart, n.f. A fellow affedting brifknefs and vivacity. A
cant word.
Smartly. adv. [from fmart.] After a fmart manner; fliarply j brilkly ; vigoroufly ; wittily.
The art, order, and gravity of thofe proceedings, where
fhort, fevere, conftant rules were fet, and fmartly purfued,
made them lefs taken notice of. Clarendon.
Sma rtness. n.f [from fmart.]
I. T he quality of being fmart; quicknefs; vigour.
What intereft fuch a Jmartnefs in linking the air hath in
the production of found, may in fome meafure appear by
the motion ot a bullet, and that of a fwitch or other wand,
which produce no found, if they do but flowly pafs through
the air; whereas if the one do Imartly ftrike the air, and the
other be fhot out ot a gun, the celerity ot their percuffions on
the air puts it into an undulating motion, which, reaching
the ear, produces an audible noife. Boyle.
2. Liveliness; brifknefs; wittinefs.
I defy all the clubs to invent a new phrafe, equil in wit,
humour, fmartnefs or politenefs, to my fet. Swift.
Smatch. n. f. [corrupted fromfnack.]
1. Tafte; tindure; twang.
I hou art a fellow of a good refpedf;
Thy life hath had fome frnatch of honour in’t. Shakeffea'-e.
Some nations have a peculiar guttural or nafalfmatch in the ir
language. Fielder's E ements ofSpeech,
I hefe falts have fomewhat of a nitrons tafte, but mixt with
a fmatch of a vitriolick. Grew.
2. [CceruleO) Latin.] A bird.
To Sma tter. v. n. [It is fuppofed to be corrupted fromfnack
or tafle.]
1. To have a flight tafte; to have a flight, fuperficial, and im¬
perfect knowledge.
Such a practice gives a flight fmattering of feveral fciences,
without any folid knowledge. JF'atts..
Since, by a little fmattering in learning, and ereat conceit
of himfelf, he has loft his religion, may he find it again by
harder ftudy and an humbler mind. Bentlt).
2. To talk fuperficially or ignorantly.
In proper terms, fuch as rnen fnatter.
When they throw out and mifs the matter. Hudibras.
Of ftate affairs you cannotfmatter;
Are aukward when you try to flatter. ^ Swift.
SmaYter. n.f. [from the verb.] Superficial or flight know¬
ledge.
All other fciences were extinguiftied during this empire, ex¬
cepting only a fmatter ofjudicial aftrologv. Temple.
Sma'tterer. n.f. [fromfnatter.] One who has a flight or
fuperficial knowdedge.
Thefe few who preferve any rudiments of learning, are,
except one or two fmatterers, the clergy’s friends. Swift.
To Smear, v. a. [ymepan, Saxon ; fneeren, Dutch.]
1. To overfpread wfiih fomething vifeous and adhefive; to befinear.
If any fuch be here, that love this painting.
Wherein you fee me fmear'd.
If any think brave death outweighs bad life,
Let him wave thus. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Then from the mountain hewing timber ta.J,
Began to build a veffel of huge bulk,
Smear'd round with pitch. Milton.
Smear'd as file was with black Gorgonean blood.
The fury fprang above the Stygian flood. Dryden.
2. To foil; to contaminate.
Why bad I not, with charitable hand.
Took up a beggar’s iffue at my gates ?
Whofmeered thus, and mir’d with infamy,
I might have faid no part of it is mine. * Shakefpeare.
Smea'ry. adj. [from fnear.] Dawby ; adhefive.
Afmeary foam works o’er my grinding jaws.
And utmoft anguifh fhakes my lab’ring"frame. Rowe.
Smeath. n.f A fea fowl.
To Smeeth. orfmutch, v. a. [ymfgbe, Saxon.j To fmoke ;
to blacken with fmoke.
Sme gmatick. adj. [<rp.r)yy.x.] Soapy ; deterfive. Did}.
I o Smell, v. a. [Ot this word the etymology is very obfeure.
Skinner, the moft acute of all etymoiogifts, derives it from
frnoel, warm, Dutch ; becaufe fmelis are encreafed bv
heat.]
1. To perceive by the nofe.
Their neighbours hear the fame mufick, or fmeli the fame
perfumes with themfelves : for here is enough. Collier.
2. 7 o find out by mental fagacity.
The horfe fmelt him out, and prefently a crochet came in
his head how to countermine him. L'Efirante.
To Smell, v n.
1. To ftrike the noftrils.
7 he king is hut a man as I am : the violetfmelis to him as
it doth to me ; all his fenfes have but human conditions. Shak.
The daintieft fmelis of flowers are out ot thofe plants whofe
leavesfmeli not. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
2. 1 o have any particular feent.
Honey in Spain fmelleth apparently ofthe rofemary or orange,
from whence the bee gathereth it. Bacon.
A work of this nature is not to 1-e performed upon one leg,
and ft.ould fmeli ofoil if duly handled. Brown.
If you have a filver faucepan, and the butter fmelis of fmoak,
lay the fault upon the coals. Swift.
3. 1 o have a particular tincture or fmack of any quality.
My unfoil'd name, the aufterenels of my life.
Will fo ) our accufation overweigh.
That you ftiall ftifle in your own report.
AndJmell of calumny. Shakefpeare.
Down with the nofe, take the bridge quite a^ay
Of him that his particular to forefend,
Si, ells from the general weal. Shakefpeare.
9 A man
S M I S M I
A man fo fuelling of the people's lee*
The court recciv d him firft for chanty. Dryden>
4. To pra&ife the a£t of fmelling.
Whofoever Hull make like unto that, toftnell thereto, fhall
be cut off. Exod- xxx. 38.
I had a mind to know, whether they would find out the
treafure, and whetherfmelling enabled them to know what is
good for their nourifhment. Addifon’s Spectator.
Smell, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Power of fmelling ; the fenfe of which the nofe is the organ.
Next, in the noftrils fhe doth ufe the fmell,
As God the breath of life in them did give;
So makes he now this pow’r in them to dwell.
To judge all airs, whereby we breathe, and live. Davies.
2. Scent; power of affcdling the nofe.
The fweeteft fmell in the air is the white double violet,
which comes twice a-year. Bacon.
All fweetfrnells have joined with them fome earthy or crude
odours. Bacon.
Pleafantfmells are not confined unto vegetables, but found
in divers animals. Brown's Vulgar Errcurs.
There is a great variety of fmells, though we have but a
few names for them : the fmell of a violet and of mulk, both
fweet, are as diftin£b as any twofmells. Locke.
SmeTler n.f. [from fmell.] He who fmells.
SmeTlfeast. n.f. [fmell and.feafl.~\ A parafite; one who
haunts good tables.
The ant lives upon her own, honeftly gotten ; whereas the
fly is an intruder, and a common fmellfcajl that fpunges upon
other people’s trenchers. L’Ejlrange.
Smelt. The preterite and participle pafT. offmell.
Smelt, n.f. [pmelr, Saxon.] A fmall fea fifh.
Of round filh there are brit, fprat, barn, jtnelts. Carew.
To Smelt, v. a. [finalta, Illandick ; J'melten, Dutch.] To
melt oar, fo as to extraft the metal.
A fort of earth, of a dufky red colour, found chiefly in
iron mines. Some of this earth contains as much iron as to
render it worth fimelting. Woodward.
Sme’lter. n.f [from fmelt.] One who melts oar.
Thefrnelters come up to the aflayers. Woodward on Foffils.
To Smerk. v. a. [pmercian, Saxon.] To fmile wantonly.
Certain gentlemen of the gown, whofe aukward, fpruce,
prim, fneering, and fnirhing countenances have got good pre¬
ferment by force of cringing.
Sme RKy. ? acij% Nice ; fmart; jaunty.
OMi RK# )
Seeft, how bragg yon bullock bears,
Sofinirk, fo fmooth his pricked ears :
His horns been as brade as rainbow bent,
His dew-lap as lith as lafs of Kent.
Sme'rlin. n.f. A fifh.
Smi'cket. n.f [Diminutive offmock, fnocket, fm;cket.~\ The
under garment of a woman.
To Smight. For finite.
As when a griffon, feized of his prey,
A dragon fierce encountreth in his flight.
Through widefl air making his idle way,
That would his rightful ravin rend away :
With hideous horror both togetherfmight,
And fouce fo fore that they the heavens affray. Fa. Epueen.
To Smile; v. n. [fmuylen, Dutch.]
1. To contract the face with pleafure ; to exprefs gladnefs by
the countenance.
I would, while it wasfmiling in my face,
Have plucktmy nipple from his bonelefs gums. Shakefpeare.
The goddefs ofthe mountain failed upon her votaries, and
cheared them in their paffage to her palace. Tatler.
’Twas what I faid to Crags and Child,
Who prais’d my modefty, and fail'd. Pope.
2. To exprefs flight contempt.
Our king replied, which fome will fmile at now, but ac¬
cording to the learning of that time. Camden.
3. To look gay or joyous.
Let their heirs enrich their time
Withfmiling plenty and fair profp’rous days. Shakefpeare.
All thingsfail'd,
Birds on the branches warbling. Milton.
4. To be favourable; to be propitious.
Then let me not let pafs
Occafion which nowfiniles. Milton.
Smile, n.f. [from the verb.] A flight contra&ion of the face;
a look of pleafure, or kindnefs.
I frown upon him, yet he loves me ftill.—
— Oh that your frowns would teach myfmi’es fuch fkill.
Sbakefpeare’s Midfu?nmer Night’s Feajl.
No man marks the narrow fpace
5 I wixt a prifon and a fmile. Wotton.
Sweet intercourfe
Of looks and finiles: forfmiles from reafon flow,
To brute denied, and are of love the food. Milton.
Smi likgly. aav. [from fmiling.~\ With' a look of plea¬
fure.
Swift.
Spenfer.
Ain[worth.
His flaw’d heart,
Twixttwo extremes of paffion, joy and grief,
Burftfmitingly. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Carneades {topping him fmilingly, told him, we are not fo
forward to lofe good company Boyle.
To Smilt. v. n. [corrupted from fmelt, or melt.~\
Having too much water, many corns will Jrnilt, or have
their pulp turned into a fubftance like thick cream. Mortimer.
To Smirch, v. a. [from murk or murckyd\ To cloud; to dufk;
to foil.
I’ll put myfelf in poor and mean attire.
And with a kind of umber finirch my face. Shakefpeare.
Like the fhaven Hercules in the finirch worm-eaten tapeftry. Shakefpeare.
To Smirk. See Smerk.
Smit. The participle paffive offinite.
Fir’d with the views this glitt’ring feene difplays.
And finit with paffion for my country’s praife,
My artlefs reed attempts this lofty theme.
Where facred Ifis rolls her ancient ftream. Tickc/l.
To Smite, v. a. preterite finote ; participle palT. _//«?>, finitten.
[ymiran, Saxon; finijten, Dutch.]
1. To ftrike; to reach with a blow.
So fweet a kifs the golden fun gives not
Tq thofe frefh morning drops upon the rofe,
As thy eye beams, when their frefh rays have finote
The night of dew (hat on my cheeks down flows. Shak.
I have finitten mine hand at thy difhoneft gain. Ezek.
2. To kill ; to deftroy.
The fervants of David had fmitten of Benjamin’s men, fo
that three hundred and threefcore died. 2 Sam. ii. 31.
God [mote him for his errour, and he died. 2 Sam. vi.
3. Toaffiift; to chalien A fcriptural expreffion.
Let us not miflake God’s geodnefs, nor imagine, becaufe
he finites us, that we are forfaken by him. Wake.
4. To blafl.
5. To affeft with any paffion.
I wander where the mufes haunt.
Clear fpring, or lhady grove, or funny hill.
<SWFwith the love of facred fong. Milton#
See what the charms thatfinite the fimple heart.
Not touch’d by nature, and not reach’d by art. Pope.
Smit with the love of lifter arts we came,
And met congenial, mingling flame with flame. Pope#
To Smite. v. n. To ftrike; to collide.
The heart melteth, and the kneesfinite together. Nahum.
Smi'ter. n.f [fromfinite.'] Hewhofmites.
I gave my back to the fniters, and my cheeks to them
that pluck off the hair. Ifa. 1. 6.
Smith, n.f. [pmfS, Saxon; fmeth, German; firnid, Dutch;
from pmitan, Saxon, to beat.]
1. One who forges with his hammer 5 one who works in metals#
Fie doth nothing but talk of his horfe, and can Ihoe him.
I am afraid, my lady, his mother, played falfe with afmith#
Shakefpeare’s Merchant ofVenice.
Lawlefs man, the anvil dares profane,
And forge that fteel by which a man is flain :
Which earth at firft for plough lhares did afford ;
N®r yet thefmith had learn’d to form a fword. Fate.
The ordinary qualities obfervable in iron, or a diamond,
that make their true complex idea, a fmith or a jeweler com¬
monly knows better than a philofopher. Locke#
2. He that makes or effects any thing.
The doves repented, though too late.
Become the fmiths of their own foolilh fate. Dryden.
Smithcraft, n.f [pmfSepaept:, Sax.] The art of afmith.
Inventors of paftorage, fmithcraft, and mufick. Raleigh.
Smi'thery. n.f. [fsom fmith ] The Ihop of a fmith.
Smi'thing. n.f. [from fmith.\ Smithing is an art manual, by
which an irregular lump, or feveral lumps of iron is wrought
into an intended Ihape. Moxon’s Mechanical Exercife.
Smi'thy. n.f [pmi^rSe, Saxon.] The (hop of a fmith.
His blazing locks fent forth a crackling found,
And hifs’d, like red hot iron, within the fmithy drown’d.
Dryden.
Smitt. n.f. The fineft of the clayey ore, made up into balls,
they ufe for marking of Iheep, and call it finitt. Woodward.
Smi'tten. The participle paffive offinite. Struck; blafted;
killed ; affetfted with paffion.
And the flax and the barley wasfmitten, but the wheat and
the rye not. Exod. ix. 31.
How agree the kettle and the earthen pot together ? for if
the one be Jmiiten againft the other, it fhall be broken. Ecclus
The third part of the fun was fmitten. Rev. viii. 12.
We did elleem him ftricken, fmitten of God and affli&ed*.
Tempt not the Lord thy God, he faid, and^ftood ’: 4*
But Satanfmitten with amazement fell. Milton.
By the advantages of a good perfon and a pleafing cornerfation, he made fuch an impreii.on in her heart as could
not be effaced: and he was himfelf no lefs fmitten with Conftantia. Addifcn.
* ^ .y
24 K Smock
9
S M O
SMock. n.f [j-moc, Saxon.]
i.I he under garment of a womaii ; a flfift.
Hfer body o vered v ith a light tafl'eta garment, fo cut, a9
the wroughtfmdek came through it in many places. Sidney.
flow do’ft thou look now ? oh ill-ftarr’d wench ]
Pale as thy fnickf when we fhall meet *.t compt;
I his look of thine will hurl my foul from beav’n. Sbakefp.
T heir apparel was linnen breeches, and over that a fmock
clofc girt unto them with a towel. Saudys.
Though Artenfifia talks by fits,
Of councils, clafficks, fathers, wits;
Reads Malbranche, BoQe, and Locke:
Yet in fome things, methinks, file fails,
’Twere well, if Ike would pair her nails.
And wear a cleaner J'mcck. Swift.
1.Smock is uied in a ludicrous kind of compofition for any thine
relating to women.
At [mock treaf n, matron, I believe you;
And if I were your hufband ; but when I
I ruft to your cob-web bofoms any other,
Let me there die a fly, and feaft you, fpiJer. Ben. Johnfon.
Plague on his Jmock-loyalty!
I hate to fee a brave bold fellow fotted,
Made four and fenfelels, turn’d to whey by love. Dryden.
Smockfa'cbd. adj. [fnock andface.] Palefaced ; maidenly.]
Oid chiefs reflecting on their former deeds,
Difdain to ruft with batter’d invalids;
But active in the foremoft ranks appear,
And leave young j'mockfucd beaux to guard the rear. Fenton.
Sm ok £. n. J. [ys-mwg, VVelfh; ymec, ymoec, Saxon; fmoock,
Dutch.] 1 he vilible effluvium, or footy exhalation from
any thing burning.
She might utter out fome fmoke of thofe flames wherewith
clfefhe was not only burned, but fmothered. Sidney.
May you a better feafl never behold.
You knot of mouth-friends : fmoke, and lukewarm water,
Is your perfection. Sbakefpeare.
Stand off, and let me take the air,
Why fhoulcl the fmoke purfue the fair ? Cleuvcland.
He knew tWas caufed by fmole, but not by flame. Cowley.
All involv’d with bench and fmoke.
Asfn:ke that rifes from the kindling fires, Milton.
Is feen this moment, and the next expires. Prior.
Smoke paffing through flame cannot but grow red hot, and
red hotfmoke can appeafno other than flame. Newton.
T o Smoke, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To emit a dark exhalation by heat.
When the fun went down, a Jmoking furnace and a burn¬
ing lamp palled between thofe pieces. Gen. xv. 17.
Brave Macbeth
Difdaining fortune, with his brandifh’d fteel.
Which fmoak'd with bloody execution,
Like valour’s minion carved out his paflage,
1 ill he had fac d the flaves. Sbakefpeare's Mo.clcth.
Queen Margaret faw
1 hy murd rous fauichion Jmoking in his blood. Sbakefpeare.
To no temple flood nor altarfmok'd. Milton.
hor Venus, Cytherea was invok’d,
Altars for Pailas to Athena fmok’d. Granville.
2. T o burn; to be kindled. A fcriptural term.
I he anger of the Lord fhall fmoak againft .that mam Deut.
3. To move with fuch fwiftnefs as to kindle; to move very
fafl fo as to raife duft like fmoke.
Aventinus drives his chariot round ; '
Proud of his Heeds he/makes along the field ;
His father’s hydra fills the ample Afield. Dryden's /.En.
With hufty hand the ruling reins he drew.
He Jaih d the courfers, and the couriers flew;
Beneath the bending yoke alike tl ey held
1 heir equal pace, and fmoak'd along the Held. Pope.
4. 1 o frnell, or hunt out.
He hither came t’obferve and fmoke
W hat courfes other rifkers took. Hudibras.
I began to Jmoke that they were a parcel of mummers, and
wundied that none of the Middlefex juflices took care to lay
fome of them by the heels. Addijon s Freeholder.
3 To life tobacco.
6. I o fufler to be punifhed.
Maugreall the world will I keep fafe,
Pr ^ome y0L* ihall fmoke for it in Rome. Sbakefpeare.
To Smoke, v. a.
1. 1 o (cent by fmoke, or dry in fmoke.
Fridtions of the back-bone with flanmd, fmoaked with pene-
-trating aromatical fubftances, have proved effectual. Arbuthnot.
2. I o frnell out; to find out.
He u as firft fmok'd by the old lord Lafea; when his difgui e an ie is parted, tell me what a fprat you {hall find him ?
... r 1 rr Sbakefpeare's All's well that ends well.
Tom rattle pafles for an impertinent, and Will. Trippet
heg. s to btfmoked. m cafe 1 continue this paper. Addif. Spat.
ro fneer; to ridicule to the face.
Smoke the fellow there. Cornereve
SMO
To Smoke-dry. ti. a. [fmoke and dry.] To dry by fmoke*
Smoke-dry the fruit, but not if you plant them. Mortimer.
Smo'ker. n.f [from fmoke.]
1. One that drie3 or perfumes by fmoke*
2. One that ufes tobacco.
Smo'keless. adj. [from fmoke.] Having no fmoke*
I enants with fighs the fmokelefs tow’rs furvey,
^And turn th’ unwilling ftced another way. Pope.
Smo'ky. adj. [fromJmoke.]
1. Emitting fmoke; fumid.
O he’s as tedious
As a tir’d horfe, or as a railing wife,
Woife than afmoky houfe. Sbakefpeare.
Victorious to the topafpires,
Involving all the wood in fmoky fires. Dryden.
2. Having the appearance or nature of fmoke.
London appears in a morning drowned in a black cloud,
and all the day after fmothered with fmoky Log, the cqnfequence whereof proves very offenfn e to the lungs. Harv.y.
If blaft feptentrional with brufhing wings
Sweep up the fmoky mifls, and vapours damp.
Then woe to mortals. Philips.
3. Noifome with fmoke.
Courtefy
Js fooner found in lowly fheds,
With fmoky rafters, than in tap’flry halls
And courts of princes. Milton,
Morpheus, the humble god, that dwells
In cottages andfmoky cells,
Hates gilded roofs and beds of down ; 1
And though he fears no prince’s frown, C
Flies from the circle of a crown. Denham 3
Smooth, [pme^, ymoe^, Saxon; mwyth, Welfh.]
1. Even on the furface ; notrough ; level; having no afperities.
Behold Efau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a fmooth
trian. Gen. xxvii. 11.
Miffing thee, I walk unfeen,
On the dryJmootb-fhaven green.
To behold the wandring moon.
Riding near her higheft noon. Miltom
T he outlines muft hefmocth, imperceptible to the touch, and
evep without eminences or cavities. Dryden.
Nor box nor limes, without their ufe,
Smootb-vyam'd, and proper for the turner’s trade :
Which curiyus hands may carve and fleel with eafe invade.
Dryden.
2. Evenly fpread ; gloffy.
He for the promis’d journey bids prepare
The fmocth-hair’d horfes, and the rapid car. Pope.
3. Equal in pace; without ftacts or obftrudion.
By the hand he took me rais’d,
And over fields and waters, as in air,
Smooth-didm^ without flep. Milt.n.
The fair-hair’d queen of love
Defcendsy/w£/Z>-gliding from the courts above. Pope.
4. Flowing ; loft; not harlh.
Smooth Adonis from his rock
Ran purple to the fea. Milton.
When fage Minerva rofe,
From her fweet lipsjmooth elocution flows. Gay.
So, Dick adept, tuck back thy hair;
And I will pour into thy ear
Remarks, which none did e’er difclofe,
In fmooth-pae'd verfe or hobling profe. Priori
5. Bland; mild; adulatory.
The fubtle fiend.
Though inly flung with anger and difdain,
Diflembled, and this anfwerfmtoth return’d. Mill. Par. Re<r.
T hisfmooth difeourfe and mild behaviour oft
Conceal a traitor. Addifon.
He was fmooth-tongued, gave good words, and feldom loft
his temper. Arbuthnot's HijL off. Bull.
The madding monarchs to compofe
The Pylian prince, thefmootb-fpeecWd Neftor, rofe. Tickel.
To Smooth, v. a. [from the adjedtive.]
1. To level; to make even on the furface.
This man’s aflatt’rer? if one be,
So are they all; for every greeze of fortune
Isfmooth'd by that below". Sbakefpeare.
I he carpenter encouraged the goldfmith, and he thatjmootbeth with the hammer him that fmote the anvil. Ifa. xli.
Now on the wings of winds our courfe we keep;
For God had fmooth'd the waters of the deep. Pope's Odyjf
2. To work into a foft uniform mafs.
It brings up again into the mouth that which it had fwallowed, and chewing it, grinds and fmootbs it, and afterwards
fwallows it into another ftomach. Ray on the Creation.
The hoard on which we fit
Is not fo fmooth as are thy verfes. Swift.
3. To make eafy; to rid from obftrudtions.
Thou, Abelard ! the laft fad office pay.
Andfmooth my paflage to the realms of day. Pete.
4- t©
S M O
4. To make flowing; to free from harfhnefs.
In their motions harmony divine
So Milton. fmooths her charming tones.
All your mufe’s fofter art difplay.
Let Carolina fmooth the tuneful lay ;
Lull with Amelia’s liquid name the Nine*
And fweetly flow through all the royal line. Pope.
5. To palliate; to foften.
Had it been a Granger, not my child,
To/mootb his fault, I would have been more mild. Sbahfp.
6. To calm ; to mollify.
Now breathe we, lords ; good fortune bids us paufe.
Andfnootb the frowns of war with peaceful looks. Sbakefp.
Each perturbation fmooth'd with outward calm. Milton.
Smiling fhe feem d, arid lull of pleafing thought,
From ocean as fhe firft began to rife.
And fmooth'd the ruffled feas, and clear’d the Ikies. Drydtn.
7. To eafe.
Rellor d it foon will be; the means prepar’d.
The difficultyfmooth’d^ the danger fhar’d ;
Be but yourfelf. Dryden.
8. To flatter; to folten with blandifhments.
Becaufe I cannot flatter and look fair.
Smile in men’s faces, fmooth, deceive and cog,
Duck with French nods, and apilh courtefy,
I muft be held a rancorous enemy. Shakefpeare.
To Smo'othen. v. a. [A bad word among mechanicks for
fntoo.h.] To make even and fmooth.
With edged grooving tools they cut down and fmoothen the
exuberances left. Moxon's Mech. Exer.
Smo'othfaced. ad), [fmooth and face. 1 Mild looking;
having a foft air.
O, {hall I fay I thank you, gentle wife ?
—Not fo, my lord ; a twelve-month and a day,
I’ll mark no words thatfnoothfae'd woers fay. Shakefpeare.
Let their heirs
Enrich their time to come with fmoothfac’d peace.
With fmiling plenty, and fair profp’rous days. Sbak. R. III.
Smo'othly. adv. [fromfmootb.J
1. Not roughly ; evenly*
2. With even glide.
The mufick of that murmuring fpring
Is not fo mournful as the flrains you ling;
Nor rivers winding through the vales below
So fweetly warble, or fo ftnoothly flow. Pope.
3. Without obftrueftion; eafily ; readily.
Had Jofliua been mindful, the fraud of the Gibeonites could
not fo fmoothly have paft unefpied ’till there was no help. H.ok.
4. With foft and bland language.
Smo'othness. n. f. [fromfmooth.']
1. Eveonefs on thefurface; freedom from afperity.
The purling, which proceeds of inequality, is bred between
thefmoothnefs of the inward furface of the pipe, which is wet,
and the reft that remaineth dry. Bacons Natural Hi/lory.
A countryman feeding his flock by the feafide, it was fo de¬
licate a fine day, that th&fmoothnefs of the water tempted him
to fet up for a merchant. L’Eflrange.
The riymph is all into a laurel gone.
The fmoothnefs of her fkin remains alone. Dryden.
2. Softnefs or rnildnefs on the palate.
Fallacious drink ! ye honeft men beware,
Nor truft itsfmoothnefs; the third circling glafs
Suffices virtue. Philips.
3. Sweetnefs and foftnefs of numbers.
As French has more finenefs and fmoothnefs at this time, fo
it had more compafs, fpirit, and force in Montaigne’s age. Temp.
Virgil, though fmooth, where fmoothnefs is required, is fo
far from affe&ing it, that he rather difdains it; frequently
ufing fynalephas, and concluding his fenfe in the middle of his
verfe- Dryden.
4* Blandnefs and gentlenefs of fpeech.
She is too fubtle for thee; and herJmoothnefs,
Her very filence, and her patience.
Speak to the people, and they pity her. Shakefpeare.
Smote. 1 he preterite of fmite. J
Death with a trident fmote. Milton.
To Smo'ther. v. a. [ymopan, Saxon.]
I.To fuffocate with fmoke, or byexcluiion of the air.
She might give paflage to her thoughts, and fo as it were utter
out fome fmoke of thofe flames, wherewith elfe fhe was not
only burned but fmothered. Sidney.
We /mother'd ' *
The moft replenifhed fweet work of nature.
That from the prime creation e’er fhe fram’d. Shakefpeare.
We are enow yet living in the field,
Tof.mother up the Englifh in our throngs. Shakefp. Hen. V.
She was warmed with the graceful appearance of the hero :
fhd Jmothered thofe fparkles out of decency, but converfation
blew them up into a flame. Dryden's Mn. Dedication.
I he helplefs traveller, with wild farprife, 1
Sees the dry defart all around him rife, C
And/mother'd in the dufty whirlwind dies. Addifou’s Cato. )
S M if
2.Tofupprefs.
Lewd and wicked cuftom, beginning perhaps at the fir#
amongft few, afterwards fpreading into greater multitudes*
and fo continuing; from time may be of force, even in plain
things, to Jmother the light of natural underftanding. Hooker.
Smo'ther. n. f. [from the verb.J
1. A ftate of fuppreffion.
This unfortunate prince, after a\ot\v/mother of difeonterft,
and hatred of many of his riobility and people, breaking forth
at times into feditions, was at laft diftrefled by them. Bacon.
A man were better relate himfelf to a ftatue, than fuffer his
thoughts to pafs in/mother. Bacon.
Nothing makes a man fufpedt much, more than to know lit¬
tle ; and therefore men fhould procure to know more, and not
to keep their fufpicions in /mother. Bacon's Effays.
2. Smoke; thick dufk.
Thus muft I from the fmoke into theJ.mother,
From tyrant duke into a tyrant brother. Shakefpeare.
Where yon diforder’d heap of ruin lies.
Stones rent from ftones, where clouds of duft arife,
Amid’ that/mother Neptune holds his place. Dryd. Mn.
1 he greater part enter only like mutes to fill the ftage, and
fpend their taper in fmoke and Jmother. Cclher on Fame.
To Smo'ther. v. n. [from the noun ]
i• To fmoke without vent.
Hay and ftraw have a very low degree of heat; but yetclofe
and jmothering, and which drieth not. Bacon’s Nat. Hi/lory.
2. To be fupprefled or kept clofe.
The advantage of converfation is fuch, that, for want of
company, a man had better talk to a poll; than let his thoughts
lie fmoking and J.mothering. Collier of Friend/iip.
Smo'uldering. ] [This word feems a participle; but I know
Smo'uldry. £ not whether the verb /moulder be in ufe :
pmopan, Saxon, to fmother; fnoef Dutch, hot.] Burning
and Imoking without vent.
None can breathe, nor fee, nor hear at will,
Through fmouldry cloud of dufkifh ftinking fmoke,
That th’ only breath him daunts who hath efcap’d the
ftroke. Fairy Sfueen.
In fome clofe pent room it crept along,
And, fmould'ring as it went, in filence fed;
’Fill th’ infant monfter, with devouring ftrong,
Walk’d boldly upright with exalted head. ° Dryden.
SMUG. adj. [frnuck, drefs, fmucken^ to drefs, Dutch.] Nice;
fpruce; drefied with affedlation of nicenefs, but without
elegance.
'{'here I have a bankrupt for a prodigal, who dares fcarce
fhew his head on the Rialto; a beggar, that ufed to come fo
Jmug upon the mart. 'Shak. Merchant ofVenice.
He who can make your vifage lefs horrid, and your perfon
more fmug, is worthy fome good reception. Spectator.
To SMU'GGLE. v. a. [fmockelen, Dutch.] To import or
export goods without paying the cuftoms.
Smu'ggler. n.f. [fromJmuggle.] A wretch, who, in defiance
of juftice and the laws, imports or exports goods either con¬
traband or without payment of the cuftoms.
Smu'gLy. adv. [from Jmug.] Neatly; fprucely.
Lilies and rofes will quickly appear.
And her face will look wond’rousfmugly. Gay*
Smu'gness. n.f. [from/mug.] Sprucenefs; rieatnefs#
SMUT, n f. [pmirta, Saxon; fmette, Dutch.]
1. A fpot made with foot or coal.
2. Muft or blacknefs gathered on corn ; mildew.
Farmers have fuffered by fmutty wheat, when fuch will
not fell for above five {hillings a bufhel; whereas that which is
free fromfmut will fell for ten. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
3. Obfcenity.
To Smut. v. a. [from the noun ]
1. To ftain ; to mark with foot or coal.
He is far from being Jmutted with the foil of atheifm. More.
A fuller had invitation from a collier to live with him : hd
gave him a thoufand thanks; but, fays he, as fall: as I make
any thing clean, you’ll be fmutting it again. L'Ejlrange.
The infide is foJmutted with duft and fmoke, that neither the
marble, filver, nor brafs works fhew themfelves. Addif. on Italy,,
I am wonderfully pleafed to fee my tenants play their inno¬
cent tricks, andfmutting one another. Addifon.
2. To taint with mildew.
Mildew falleth upon corn, and fmutteth it. Bacon.
To Smut. v.n. Togathermuft.
White red-eared wheat is good for clays, and bear$ a very
good crop, and feldom fmuts. Mortimer
To Smutch, v. a, [fromfmut.'] To black with fmoke.
Has’t/match’d thy nofe?
They fay it’s a copy out of mine. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Have you feen but a bright lily grow,
Before rude hands have touch’d it ?
Ha’ you mark’d hut the fall o’ the fnow,
Before the foil hath fmutch’d it ? Ben. Johnfon’s XJnderwoods.
Smu ttily. adv. [from fmutty.]
1. Blackly; fmokily.
2. Obfcenely.
Smu'ttiniss,
SNA
Smu'ttiness. n.f. [fromfmutty.]
I.Soil from fmolce.
My vines and peaches, upon my beft fouth walls, were apt
to a foot or fmuttinefs upon their leaves and upon their fruits,
which were good for nothing. Temple.
1. Obfcenenefs.
Smu'tty adj. [fromfinut.]
1. Black with fmoke or coal.
The fmutty grain,
With fudden blaze diffus’d, inflames the air. Milton.
The fmutty wainfeot full of cracks. Swift.
He was a fmutty dog yefterday, and coft me near two hours
to wafh the ink off his face. Pope.
2. Tainted with mildew
Smutty corn will fell dearer at one time than the clean at
another. Locke,
o. Obfcene; not modeft.
The place is a cenfure of a profane andfmutty paffage in the
Old Batchelor. Collier.
Snack. n.f [from /natch.] A {hare; a part taken by
compact.
If the mafter gets the better on’t, they come in for their
fnack. . . * L'Efrange.
For four times talking, if one piece thou take,
That muff be cantled, and the judge gofnack. Dryden.
All my demurs but double his attacks;
At laft he whifpers, “ Do, and we go fiacks.” Pope.
Sna'cot n.f. A fifh. Ainfworth.
Sna'ffle. n.f. [fnavel, Dutch, the nofe.] A bridle which
croffes the nofe.
The third o’ th’ world is your’s, which with a fiaffie
You may pace eafy ; but not fuch a wife. Shakefpeare.
Sooth him with praife ;
This, from his weaning, let him well be taught,
And then betimes in a loftfnajfe wrought. Dryden’s Georg.
To Sna'ffle. v.a. [from the noun.J To bridle; to hold in
a bridle; to hold ; to manage.
SNAG, n.f [Of this word I know not the etymology or original.]
1. A jag, or {harp protuberance.
The one her other leg had lame,
Which with a ftafl, all full of littleJnags,
She did difport, and impotence her name. Fairy ghieen.
The coat of arms,
Now on a naked fnag in triumph born,
Was hung on high. Dryden s Mn.
2. A tooth left by itfelf, or {landing beyond the reft.
In China none hold women fweet,
Except theirflags are black as jet:
King Chihu put nine queens to death,
Convidl on ftatute, iv’ry teeth. Prior.
Sna'gged. \ad). [from fnag.] Full of fnags; full of {harp
Sna'ggy. S protuberances; {hooting into ftiarp points.
His {talking fteps are flay’d
Upon a fiaggy oak, which he had torn
Out of his mother’s bowels, and it made
His mortal mace, wherewith his foemen he difmay’d. Spenf.
Naked men belabouring one another withflagged flicks, or
dully falling together by the ears at fifty-cuffs. More.
Snail, n.f. [ j-noegl, Saxon; fnegel, Dutch.]
1. A flimy animal which creeps on plants, fome with {hells on
their backs.
I can tell why a fna.il has a houfe.—-Why ?—Why, to put’s
head in; not to give it away to his daughters, and leave his
horns without a cafe. Shakef. King Lear.
Fearful commenting
Is leaden fervitor to dull delay;
Delay leads impotent and fnail pac’d beggary. Shak. R. III.
The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder:
Snail flow in profit, but he fleeps by day
More than the wild cat. Shakefpeare.
Seeing thefnail, which every where doth roam,
Carrying his own houfe ftill, ftill is at home.
Follow, for he is eafy-pac’d, thisfnail
Be thine own palace, or the world’s thy gaol: Donne.
A riverfiail-fhe\\ decayed, {hewed fpar within. Woodward.
There may be as many ranks of beings in the invifible
world fuperior to us, as we ourfelves are fuperior to all the
ranks of being beneath us in this vifible world, even though
we defeend below the fnail and the oytler. _ Watts.
2. A name given to a drone from the flow motion of a fnail.
Why prat’ft thou to thyfelf, and anfwer’ft not?
Dromio, thou drone, thou fnail, thou flug, thou fot! Shak.
Sna'il-claver, or Snail-trefoil, n.f An herb. Ainfworth.
SNAKE, n.f [pnaca, Saxon; fnake, Dutch.] A ferpent of the
oviparous kind, diftinguifhed from a viper. The fnake’s bite
is harmlefs. Snake in poetry is a general name for a viper.
Glo fter’s fhew beguiles him ;
As thefnake, roll’d in a flow’ry bank.
With fhining checker’d flough,' doth fling a child,
That for the beauty thinks it excellent. Shakef Hen. VI.
SNA
We have fcotch’d the fnake, not kill’d it:
She’ll clofe, and be herfelf; wlnlft our poor malice
Remains in danger of her former teeth. Skakefp. Macbeth.
The parts mull have their outlines in waves, refembling the
gliding of fnake upon the ground : they muft be fmooth and
even. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Nor chalk, nor crumbling ftones, the food of fnakes
That work in hollow earth their winding tracks. Dryden.
Sna'keroot. n.f. [fnake and root.] A fpecies of birthwort
growing in Virginia and Carolina. See Rattlesnakeroot.
Sna'keshead Iris. n.f. [hermodaflylus, Latin.] A plant.
The characters are: it hath a lily-fhaped flower, of one
leaf, fhaped exaftly like an iris; but has a tuberofe root,
divided into two or three dugs, like oblong bulbs. Miller.
Sna'keweed, or Bfort. n.f. [biforta, Latin. ] A plant.
It flowers in May; and, if the feafon proves moift, will
continue to produce new fpikes of flowers ’till Auguft : it
may be propagated by planting the roots in a moift fhady bor¬
der, and will foon furnifti the ground with plants. Miller.
Sna'kewood. n.J. [from fnake and wood.]
What we call fnakew od is properly the fmaller branches of
the root of a tall ftrait tree growing in the ifland of Timor,
and other parts of the Eaft. It has no remarkable finell; but
is of an intenfely bitter tafte. The Indians are of opinion,
that it is a certain remedy for the bite of the hooded ferpent,
and from thence its name of lignum colubrinum, or fiakewocd.
We very feldom ufe it. Hill’s Mat. Med.
Sna'ky. adj. [fromfnake.]
1. Serpentine; belonging to a fnake; refembling a fnake.
Venomous tongue, tipt with vile adder’s fling,
Of that felf kind with which the furies fell
Theirfnaky heads do comb. Sfe/er.
The true lovers knot had its original from nodus Herculaneus, or Hercules’s knot, refembling the fnaky complication in
the caducous, or rod of Hermes Browns Vugar E r.urs.
So to the coaft of Jordan he diredls
His eafy fteps, girded with fnaky wiles. Milton's Par. Reg.
2. Having ferpents.
Look, look unto thisfnaky rod.
And flop your ears againft the charming gcd. Ben. Johnfn.
In his hand
Fie took caduceus, hisfnaky wand. Hubberd’s Tale.
What was thatfnaky-headed gorgon fhield
That wife Minerva wore, unconquer’d virgin.
Wherewith Are freez’d her foes to congeal’d ftone? Adilton.
His flying hat was faften’d on his head ;
Wings on his heels were hung, and in his hand
He holds the virtue of thefnaky wand. Dryden.
To SNAP. v. a. [The fame with knap.]
1. To break at once ; to break fhort.
If the chain of neceftity be no ftronger, but that it may be
flapped fo eafily in funder ; if his will was no otherwife deter¬
mined from without himfelf, but only by the fignification of
your defire, and my modeft intreaty, then we may conclude,
human affairs are not always governed by abfolute neceftity.
Bramh. againft Hobbs.
Light is broken like a body, as when ’tis flapped in pieces
by a tougher body. Digby.
Dauntlefs as death, away he walks ;
Breaks the doors open, flaps the locks ;
Searches the parlour, chamber, ftudy.
Nor flops ’till he has culprit’s body. Prior.
2. To ftrike with a knacking noife, lnap, or {harp knap.
The bow'zv fire
Firft {hook from out his pipe the feeds of fire.
Then fnapt his box. Dunciad.
3. To bite.
A gentleman pafling by a coach, one of the horfesfnapt oft
the end of his finger. Wifman's Surgery.
All mungrel curs bawl, fnarl, and flap, where the foe flies
before him. L’EJlrange.
A notion generally received, that a lion is dangerous to all
women who are not virgins, may have given occafion to a
foolifh report, that my lion’s jaws are fo contrived as to fnap
the hands of any of the female fex, who are not thus qua¬
lified. Add/on's Spectator.
He fnaps deceitful air with empty jaws,
The fubtle hare darts fwift beneath his paws. Gay.
4. To catch fuddenly and unexpe£tedly.
Sir Richard Graham tells the marquis he would fnap one of
the kids, and make fome fhift to carry him clofe to their
lodgings. _ Wotton.
Some with a noife and greafy light
Are fnapt, as men catch larks at night. Butler.
You fhould have thought of this before you was taken;
for now you are in no danger to be fnapt finging again. L'Eftr.
Did I not fee you, rafeal, did I not!
When you lay fnug to fnap young Damon’s goat? Dryden.
Belated feem on watch to lie.
And fnap fome cully pafling by. Sivift.
5. [Snappeny
I
Granville.
Donne.
2.
SNA
rSnaPtin, Dutch.] To treat with (harp language.
Capoch’d your rabbins of the fynod.
And /napp'd their canons with a why not. Hudibras.
A furly ill-bred lord
That chides and fnaps her up at every word.
To Snap, v n.
1. To break fhort; to fall afunder.
Note the {hip’s ficknefle3, the malt
Shak’d with an ague, and the hold and waift
With a fait dropfy clogg’d ; and our tacklings
Snapping, like to too high-ftretch’d treble firings.
The backbone is divided into fo many vertebres for com¬
modious bending, and not one intire rigid bone, which, being
of that length, would have been often in danger of/napping in
luncjer< Ray on the. Creation.
If your fteel be too hard, that is, too brittle, if it be a
fpring, it will not bow ; but with the leaft bending it will
jvap afunder. Moxon's Meek Exer.
The m kers of thefe needles Ihould give them a due tem¬
per ; for if they are too foft they will bend, and if they
are too brittle theyJnap. Sharp s Surgery.
2. To make an effort to bite with eagernefs.
If the young dace be a bait for the old pike, I fee no reafon but I mayJnap at him. Shakefp. Henry IV.
We [nap at the bait without ever dreaming of the hook
that goes along with it. L E/range.
Towzerfnaps
At people’s heels with frothy chaps. Swift.
Snap, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Tie a£t of breaking with a quick motion.
2. A greedy fellow.
He had no fooner faid out his fay, but up rifes a cunning
fnap, then at the board. B EJlrange.
3. A quick eager bite.
With their bills, thwarted croffwife at the end, they would
cut an apple in two atone jnap. Carew.
4. A catch; a theft. _ .
Sna'pdragon, or Calf's fnout. n.f [antirrhinum, Latin.]
1. A plant.
A kind of play, in which brandy is fet on fire, and railins
thrown into it, which thofe who are unufed to the fport are
afraid to take out; but which may be fafely fnatched by a quick
motion, and put blazing into the mouth, which being clofed,
the fire is at once extinguifhed.
Sna'pper. n.f. [fromfnapk] One who fnaps.
My father named me Autolicus, being letter’d under Mer¬
cury ; who, as I am, was likewife a fnapper up of unconfider’d trifles. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
Sna'ppish. adj. [fromfnap/
1. Eager to bite.
Thefnappijh cur, the paffenger’s annoy,
Clofe at my heel with yelping treble flies. _ Swift.
They lived in the temple; but were fuchfnappijh curs, that
they frighted awaymoft of the votaries. Spectator.
2. Peevifh; fharp in reply.
Sna'ppishly. adv. [fromfnappijh ] Peevifhly; tartly.
Sna'ppishness. n.f [fromfnappijh.'] Peevifimefs; tartnefs:
SnaTsack. n.f. [fnappfack, Swedifh ] A foldier’s bag.
Snare, n.f [fnara, Swedifii and Iflandick; fnare, Danifh;
floor, Dutch.]
1. Any thing fet to catch an animal; a gin; a net.
O poor haplefs nightingale, thought I,
How fweet thou fing’ft, how near the deadlyfnare. Milton.
2. Any thing by which one is intrapped or intangled.
This I lpeak for your own profit, not that I may caft a
fnare upon you. 1 Cor. vii. 35.
A fool’s mouth is hi& deftruCtion, and his lips are thefnare
of his foul. Prov. xviii. 7.
Propound to thyfelf aconftant rule of living, which though
it may not be fit to obferve fcrupuloufly, left it become a fnare
to thy confcience, or endanger thy health, yet let not thy rule
be broken. Taylor’s Rule of living holy.
For thee ordain’d a help, became thyfnare. Milton.
Beauty, wealth, and wit.
And prowefs, to the pow’r of love fubmit ;
The fpreading fnare for all mankind is laid,
And lovers all betray, or are betray’d.
To Snare, v. a. [from the noun.] To intrap;
tangle.
Glo’fter’s {hew
Beguiles him, as the mournful crocodile
With forrowfnares relenting paflengers. Shakefp. H. VI.
The wicked isfnared in the work of his own hands. Pf. ix.
Warn all creatures from thee
Henceforth, left that too heav’nly form, pretended
To hellilh falfhood, fnare them. Milton's Paradife LoflK
To SNARL, v. n. [fnarren, Dutch.]
I. To growl as an angry animal; to gnarre.
What! were you fnarling all before I came,
Ready to catch each other by the throat.
And turn you all your hatred now on me ? Shakefp. R. HI.
Dryden.
to inSNA
He is born with teeth !
And fo I was ; which plainly fignify’d
That I Ihouldfnarl, and bite, and play the dog. Shak.H.Vl.
The {he’s even of the favage herd are fafe :
All, when theyfnarl or bite, have no return
But courtfhip from the maje. Dryden's Don Scbajlian.
Now, for the bare pick’d bone of majefty.
Doth dogged war briftle his angry creft,
And fnarleth in the gentle eyes of peace. Shakefp. K. John.
An angry cur
Snarls while he feeds. Dryd. ana I.ee s Oedipus.
2.To fpeak roughly; to talk in rude terms. ....
’Tis malicious and unmanly to fnarl at the little lapfes of a
pen, from which Virgil himfelf {lands not exempted. Dtydcn.
The honeft farmer and his wife,
Twp years declin’d from prime of life,
Had ftruggled with the marriage-noofe.
As almoft ev’ry couple does:
Sometimes my plague! fometimes my darling ! #
Killing to-day, to-morrow fnarling. Prior.
Where haft thou beenfnarling odious truths, and entertain¬
ing company with difeourfe of their difeafes ? Congreve.
To Snarl, v. a. To intangle; to embarrafs. I know not
that this fenfe is well authoriled.
Confufedfnarled confciences render it difficult to pull out
thread by thread. Decay of Piety.
Sna'rler. n.f [fromfnarl/ One who fnarls; a growling,
furly, quarrelfome, infulting fellow.
Should ftupid libels grieve your mind,
You foon a remedy may find;
Lie down obfeure, like other folks,
Below the lafti offnarlers jokes. Swift.
Sna'ry. adj. [fromfnare.] Intangling; infidiouS.
Spiders in the vault theirfnary webs have fpread. Dryden-.
Snast. n.f. The fnufF of a candle.
It firft burned fair, ’till fome part of the candle was confumed, and the fawduft gathering about the fnafl; but then it
made thefnafl big and long, and burn dufkifhly, and the candle
wafted in half the time of the wax pure. Bacons Nat. Hlflory.
To SNATCH, v. a. [fnacken, Dutch ]
1. To feize any thing haftily.
A virtuous mind Ihould rather wifti to depart this world
with a kind of treatable diffolution, than to be fuddenly cut off
in a moment; rather to be taken than fnatched away, from the
face of the earth. Hooker.
Death,
So fnatch'd, will not exempt us from the pain. Milton.
Life’s ftream hurries all too faff::
In vain fedate reflections we would make,
When half our knowledge we muftfnatch, not take. Pope.
She Jhatch'd a fheet of Thule from her bed :
Sudden {he flies, and whelms it o’er the pyre;
Down fink the flames. Pope’s Dunciad.
They, failing down the ftream.
Are fnatch'd immediate by the quick-ey’d trout
Of darting falmom Thomfon's Summer.
2. To tranfport or carry fuddenly.
He had fcarce performed any part of the office of a biflrop
in the diocefs of London, when he wasfnatched from thence,
and promoted to Canterbury. Clarendon.
Oh nature !
Inrich me with the knowledge of thy works.
Snatch me to heaven. Thomfon's Autumn.
To Snatch, v. n. To bite, or catch eagerly at fomething.
Lords will not let me: if I had a monopoly on’t, they
would have part on’t; nay, the ladies too will b& fnotching.
Shake/p. E ng Lear.
He {hallfnatch on the right hand, and be hungry. If. ix. 20.
Lycus, fwifter of his feet,
Runs, doubles, winds and turns, amidft the war;
Springs to the walls, and leaves his foes behind.
AndJnatches at the beam he firft can find. Dryden's /.xln.
Snatch, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Ahaftycatch.
2. A {hort fit of vigorous aClion.
After a fhower to weeding a fnatch ;
More eafily weed with the root to difpatch. Tujfcrs
3. A fmall part of any thing ; a broken part.
She chauntedJnatches of old tunes,
As one incapable of her own diftrefs. Shakefp. Ham’et.
In this work attempts will exceed performances, it being
compofed by fnatches of time, as medical vacations would
permit. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
4. A broken or interrupted aClion; a {hort fit.
The fnatches in his voice.
And burft of fpeaking, were as his. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
They move by fits and fnatches ; fo that it is not conceivable
how they conduce unto a motion, which, by reafon of its per¬
petuity, muft be regular and equal. Wilkins's Da da/us,
We have often little Jnatches of funfliine and fair weather
in the moft uncomfortable parts of the year. Spectator.
24. L 5. A
S N E
A quip ; a fhuffling anfwer.
Come, leave yo'urfiaiches, and yield me a direct anfwer.
z. Shake/. Meafure for McaJ'ure.
ona tcher. m.yi [from fnatch.] One that (hatches, or takes
any thing in hafte.
T hey of thofe marches
Shall be a wall fufficient to defend
Our inland from the pilfering borderers.
*“—We do not mean the courfing Jnatchers only,
But fear the main intendment of the Scot. Shakefp. H. V.
Sna'tchingly. adv. [from /notching.J Haftily ; with inter¬
ruption.
To SNEAK, v. n. [pmcan, Saxon; frige, Danifh.]
1. To creep flily; to come or go as if afraid to be feen.
Once the eagle, England, being in prey,
To her unguarded neft the weazel, Scot,
Comes/making, and fo fucks her princely eggs. Shake/pcare.
Sneak not away, fir; for the friar and you
Muft have a word anon : lay hold on him. Shake/peare.
Difcover’d, and defeated of your prey,
Youfkulk’d behind the fence, and/leak'd away. Dryden.
I ought not to turn my back, and to jneak off in filence,
and leave the truth to lie bafiled, bleeding, and (lain. Waits.
Hefneak’d into the grave,
A monarch’s half and half a harlot’s flave. Dunciad.
Are you all ready ? Here’s your mufick here :
Author, fneak off; we’ll tickle you, my dear. Moore.
2. To behave with meannefs and fervility 3 to crouch to
truckle
I need falute no great man’s threfliold, fneak to none of his
friends to fpeak a good word for me to my confcience. South.
Nothing can fupport minds drooping and/making, and in¬
wardly reproaching them, from a fenfe of their own guilt, but
to fee others as bad. South's Sermons.
When int’reft calls off all her [neaking train,
When all th’ oblig’d defert, and all the vain,
She waits, or to the fcaffold, or the cell,
W hen the laft ling’ring friend has bid farewel. Pope.
Tom ftruts a foldier, open, bold, and brave;
Willy^Ar a fcriv’ner, an exceeding knave. Pope
Sne'aker. n.f. A large veffel of drink.
I have juff left the right worfhipful and his myrmidons about
afneaker of five gallons. Spectator.
Sne'aking. participial adj. [fromfneak.]
1. Servile; mean; low.
2. Covetous; niggardly; meanly parcimonious:
Sne'akingly. adv. [from/making.'] Meanly; fervilely.
Eo all things like a man, not fneakingly :
Think the king fees thee ffill. Herbert.
While you ft.leaking y fu bmi t.
And beg our pardon at our feet,
Difcourag’d by your guilty fears
,To hoFe for quarter for your ears. Hudibras.
one akup. n.f. [from fneak.'] A cowardly, creeoingl infidious fcoundrel. Obfolete. ‘ c
I l.e prince is a jack, afneakup', and, if he were here, I
Would cudgel him like a dog, if he would fay fo. Shak. H.IV.
To Sneap. v a. [This word feems a corruption of /nib, or of
/nap, to reprimand. PerhapsJnap is" in that fenfe from [nib,
fnibbe, Danifh.
Men fhjulde himfnibbe bitterly. Chaucer.]
1. To reprimand; to check.
2. To nip.
What may
Breed upon our abfence, may there blow
No /neaping winds at home. Shake/peare.
Sneap. n.f. [from the verb.] A reprimand ; a check.
My lord, I will not undergo this fheap without reply: you
call honourable boldnefs impudent faucinefs : if a man will
court’fy and fay nothing, he is virtuous. Shakefp. Henry IV.
To Sneb. v. a. [Properly to/nib. See Sneap.] To check;
to chide; to reprimand.
Which made this foolifh briar wax fo bold, a
That on a time he caff him to fcold, %
Andjnebbe the good oak, for he was old. Spenfr. j
To Sneer, v. n. [ This word is apparently of the fame family
with fnore and fiort.]
I* To fhow contempt by looks : na/o fu/pendere adunco.
2. T o infinuate contempt by covert expreffions.
I he wolf was by, and the fox in a fncering way advifed him
not to irritate a prince agairift his fubjedts. ’ L'Ejirange.
I could be content to be a little fneered at in a line, for the
lake of the pleafure {Ihould have in reading the reft. Pope.
. f*lcrc has been any thing exprefied with too much feventy, it will fall upon thoic Jncoring or daring writers of the
age agamft religion, who have left reafon and decency. Watts.
3. i o utter with grimace.
I have not been fleering fulfome lies, and naufeous flattery,
at a little tawdry whore n 1
4. To fhow aukward mirth.
1 had no power over one mufclc in (heir facer, though they
Jneered at every word fpoken by each other. Taller.
S N I
Sneer, n.f. [from the verb.]
*. A look of contemptuous ridicule.
Did not the Jneer of more impartial men
At fenfe and virtue, balance all agen. Pope.
2. An exprelffon of ludicrous fcorn.
Socrates orCaefar might have a fool’s coat clapt upon them,
and in this difguife neither the wifdcm of ti e one nor the
majefty of the other could fecure them from a jneer. Watts.
I o SNEEZE, v. n. [meyan, Saxon ; niefen, Dutch.] To emit
wind audibly by the nofe.
If one be about to Jneeze, rubbing the eyes ’till tears run
will prevent it; for that the humour defeending to the noftrils
is diverted to the eyes. Bacon.
If the pain be^ more intenfe and deeper within amengft
the membranes, there will be an itching in the palate and nof¬
trils, with frequentfneevng. Wi/eman's Surgery. *
To thee Cupid fieez’d aloud ;
And every lucky omen fent before,
To meet thee landing on the Spartan fhore. Dryden:
If any thing opprefs the head, it hath a power to free itfelf
byfreezing. . Bay on the Creation.
Violentfreezing produceth convulfions in all the mufcles of
refpiration: fo great an alteration can be produced only by
the tickling of a feather; and if the action of freezing Ihould
be continued by fome very acrid fubftance, it will produce headach, univerfal convulfions, fever, and death. Arbuthnot.
An officer put the fharp end of his half-pike a good way up
into my noftril, which tickled my nofe like a ftraw, and made
mefnecze violently. Gulliver’s Travels.
Sneeze, n.f. [from the verb.] Emifnon of wind audibly by
the nofe.
I heard the rack
As earth and fky would mingle ; but
T hefe flaws, though mortals fear them ,
As dangerous to the pillar’d frame of heav’n,
Are to the main as wholfome as a freeze
I o man’s lefs univerfe, and foon are gone. Milt. Par. Reg.
We read in Godignus, that upon afieeze of the emperor of
Monomotapa, there paft acclamations fucceflively through the
CIt7* Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Sne'ezewort. n.f. [ptarmica, Latin.] A plant. 1
It hath radiated flowers, whofe difk confifts of many florets ;
but the borders are compofed of half florets : the embryoes
are lodged in the flowercup, which is fcaly, each of wnich
becomes one {lender feed. Miller.
Snet. n.f. [Among hunters.] The fat of a deer. Didl.
Snew. The old preterite of To flow. Didf.
ToSnie. v. a. [fnibbe, Danifh. See Sneap ] To check; to
nip; to reprimand.
Alked for their pafs by every fquib,
That lift at will them to revile cr fmb. Hublerd's Tale.
Snick andSnee. n.f. A combat with knives.
Among the Dunkirkers, where fnick andfree wa3 in fafhion,
a boatfwain with fome of our men drinking together, became
quarreifome : one of our men beat him down ;"then kneeling
npon his breaft, he drew out a knife, flicking in his fafb, and
cut him from the ear towards the mouth. Wifeman’s Surgery.
To Sni'cker, or Snigger, v. n. To laugh flily, wantonly, or
contemptuoufly ; to laugh in one’s fleeve. Didl.
To Sniff. v. n. [fni/fa, Swediffi.] To draw breath audibly up
the nofe.
So then you look’d fcornful, and frift at the dean,
As, who Ihould fay, now am I fkinny and lean ? Swift.
TqSni'ggle.'v.n.
Sniggling is thus performed : in a warm day, when the wa¬
ter is loweft, take a ftrong final! hook, tied to a firing about ' Q ---J - O M.
yard long ; and then into one of the holes, where an eel may
hide herfelf, with the help of a fliort flick put in your bait
leifurely, and as far as you may conveniently : if within the
fight of it, the eel will bite inftantly, and as certainly o-orge
it: pull him out by degrees, Waiton’s Angler.
To Snip. v. a. [Jhippen, Dutch.] To cut at once with
feiffars.
The finus fhould be laid open, which was fnipt up about
two inches with a pair of probe-feiffars, and the incifed lips
dreffed. Wiferr.ans Surgery.
When tradefmen brought extravagant bills, fir Roger ufed
bargain to cut off a quarter of a yard: he wore a pair of
feifiars for this purpofe, and would Jnip it off nicely. Arbutbnot.
Putting one blade of the feifiars up the gut, and the other up
the wound, jnip the whole length of the fiftula. Sharp.
Snip. n./ [from the verb ]
1. A fingle cut with feifiars.
What! this a fleeve?
Here’sflip ar.d nip, and cut, and flifh and flafh,
Like to a cenfor in a barber’s fhop. Shake/peare.
T he ulcer would not cure farther than it was laid open ;
therefore with oneflip more I laid it open to the very end. Wife.
2. A fmall {bred.
T hofe we keep within compafs by fmall flips of emplaft.
hoping to defend the parts about; bur, in fpite of all, they
wiil fpread farther. 8 // ifman s Surgery.
h 8- A
SNO
3. A flurc ; a Truck. A low word.
He found his friend upon the mending hand, which he was
glad to hear, becaufeof thefnip that he himfelf expedled upon
the dividend. L'Efrange.
Snipe. n.f. [fneppe, German; pnfee, Saxon; yfnit, Welfh.J
X. A fmall fen fowl with a long bill.
The external evident caufes of the atra bilis are a high fer¬
menting diet; as old cheefe, birds feeding in fens, as geefe,
ducks, woodcocks, fnipes, and fwans. Flayer.
2. A fool; a blockhead.
Thus do I ever make my fool my purfe;
For I mine own gain’d knowledge fhould profane,
]f I fhould time expend with fuch a fnipe,
But for my fport and profit. Shakefp. Othefto.
Sni'pper. n.f {fromflip'.] One that fnips.
Sni'ppet. n.f. [from flip.] A fmall part; a fhare.
Witches fimpling, and on gibbets
Cutting from malefactors fnippets ;
Or from the pill’ry tips of ears. Hudibras.
Sni'psnap. n.f. [A cant word formed by reduplication offnap.]
Tart dialogue. ’
Dennis and diiTonance, and captious art,
And fnipfnap fhort, and interruption fmart. Pope's Dunciad.
Smite, n.f. [pmta, Saxon.] A fnipe. This is perhaps the
true name ; butfnipe prevails.
Of tame birds Cornwal hath doves, geefe, and ducks: of
wild, quail, rail, fiile, and wood-dove. Carew.
To Smite, v.a. [ynytan, Saxon.] To blow the nofe.
Nor would any one be able to fnite his nofe, or to fneeze;
in both which the pafiage of the breath through the mouth,
being intercepted by the tongue, is forced to go through the
nofe. Grew's Cofmol.
SNl'VEL- n.f [fnavel,fievel, German.] Snot; the running
of the nofe.
To Sni'vel. v.n. [from the noun.]
1. To run at the nofe.
2. To cry as children.
Funeral tears are hired out as mourning cloaks; and whe¬
ther we go to our graves fniveling or finging, ’tis all mere
form. L'EJirange.
Away goes he fniveling and yelping, that he had dropt his
ax into the water. L'EJirange.
Sni'veller. nf. [fromfnivel.] A weeper; a weak lamenter.
He’d more lament when I was dead,
Than all thefnivellers round my bed. Swift.
To Snore, v.n. [fnorcken, Dutch.] To breathe hard through
the nofe, as men in fleep.
I did unreverently blame the gods,
Who wake for thee, though thouJ'nore for thyfelf. B. fohnf.
Whofe railing heroes, and whofe wounded gods,
Makes fome fofpedl hefnercs as well as nods. Rofcommon.
He may lie quietly in his fhades, and fnore on to doomfday
for me; unlefs I fee farther reafon of difturbing his repofe.
Stillingfeet.
Is not yonder Proteus’ cave ?
It is ; and in it lies the god afieep;
And Jnoring by
We may defery
The monfters of the deep. Dryden's Albion.
’Twas Acme’s and Septimius’ life;
The lady figh’d, the.loverfnor'd. Prior.
The giant, gorg’d with Mb, and wine, and blood.
Lay ftretcht at length, andJnoring in his den,
Belching raw gobbets from his maw, o’ercharg’d
With purple wine and cruddl’d gore confus’d. Addifon.
Snore, n.f [pnojia, Saxon ; from the verb.] Audible refpiration of fieepers through the nofe.
I he forfeited grooms
Do mock their charge withfnores: I’ve drugg’d theft pofiets.
_ p Sbakejpcare's Macbeth.
To Snort, v. n. [fiorcken, Dutch ] To blow through the
nofe as a high mettled horfe.
The fnorting of his horfes was heard. Jer. viii. 16.
The fiery war-horfe paws the ground.
Andfnorts and trembles at the trumpet’s found. Addifon.
From their full racks the gen’rous fteeds retire,
Dropping ambrofial foams and fnorting fire. Addifon's Ovid.
He with wide noftrils, fnorting, fkims the wave. Thomfon
SNOT, n.f [pnote, Saxon; fnot, Dutch.] The mucus of
the nofe.
Thus, when a greedy fioven once has thrown
His fnot into the mefs, ’tis all his own. Swift
Sno'tty. adj. [from /hoi.] Full of fnot. J
This fquire South my hufband took in a dirty fnetty-nofed
rxW; Arbuthnot.
SNOUT, n.f. [fnuyt, Dutch.]
1. The nofe of a beaft.
His nofe^in the air, his fnout in the fkies. Duffer.
In Ihape a beagle’s whelp throughout.
With broader forehead, and a Iharperfntnit. Dryden.
Hudibrdili
Hudibras.
S N U
i. The nofe of a man, in contempt.
Her fubtle fnout
Did quickly wind his meaning out.
But when the date of Nock was out,
Off dropt the fympathetick fnout.
What Ethiop lips he has,
How foul a fnout, and what a hanging face! Dryd. Juven.
Charm’d with his eyes, and chin, and fnout.
Her pocket-glafs drew flily out;
And grew enamour’d with her phiz,
As juft the counterpart of his. Stuift.
I. The nofel or end of any hollow pipe.
Sno'uted. adj. [from fnout.] Having a fnout.
Snouted and tailed like a boar, and footed like a goat. Grew.
SNOW. n.f. [pnap, Saxon; fnec, Dutch.] The fmall par¬
ticles of water frozen before they unite into drops. Locke.
Benaiah flew a lion in a pit, in time offlow. 2 Sa. xxiii.
Drought and heat confomefnow waters. Job xxiv. 19.
He gives the Winter’sfnow her airy birth,
Aild bids her virgin fleeces clothe the earth. Sandys.
L o Snow. v. n. [rnapan, Saxon ; fnceuwen, Dutch.] To have
fnow fall.
To Snow. v. a. To fcatter like fnow.
If thou be’ft born to fee flrange fights.
Ride ten thoufand days and nights,
/ ’Tib age fnow white hairs on thee. Donne.
SMo'wball. n.f. [fnow and ball.] A round lump of con¬
gested fnow.
They palled to the daft-riding of Yorkfhire, their company
daily increafing, like a Jnoivball in rolling. Ployward.
His bulky folly gathers as it goes.
And, rolling o’er you, like aflowball grows. Dryden.
A fiowball having the power to produce in us the ideas of
white, cold, and round, the powers, as they are in the /nowhalf I call qualities; and as they are fenfations in our underftandings, ideas. Locke.
Sno'wbroth. n.f. [fnow and broth ] Very cold liquor.
Angelo, a man whofe blood
Is veryfnowbroth, one who never feels
The wanton flings and motions of the fenfe. Shakefpeare.
Sno'wdrop. n.f [narciffoleucoium, Latin.] An early flower.
The flower is, for the moll part, compofed of fix leaves;
in form of a lily, which are fometimes equal, and fometimes
unequal and pendulous: the cmpalement becomes a roundifh
fruit, which is divided into three cells, and full of roundifh
feeds: to which may be anded? it hath a bulbous root. Miller.
When we tried the experiment with the leaves of thofe
purely white flowers that appear about the end of Winter,
called\ fnowdrops, the event was not much unlike that newly
mentioned. . . Boyle on Colours.
I he little fhape, by magick pow’r.
Grew lefs and lefs, contracted to a flow’r ;
A flow’r, that firft in this fweet garden fmil’d.
To virgins facred, and the fnowdrop ftyl’d. Ticked.
Snow-white, adj. [fnow and white./] White as fnow.
A fnow-white bull fhall on your fhore be flain ;
( His offer’d entrails call into the main. Drxden’s LEn.
Sno'wy. adj. [fromfnow.]
1. White like fnow.
So fhews a fnoivy dove trooping with crows,
As yonder lady o’er her fellows fhews. Shakefpeare.
Now I fee thy jolly train:
Snowy headed Winter leads,
Spring and Summer next focceeds ;
Yellow Autumn brings the rear;
Thou art father of the year. LLwe.
1 he blufhing ruby oji her fnowy breaft,
Render’d its panting whitenefs more confeft. Prior;
2. Abounding with fnow.
Thefe firft in Crete
And Ida known ; thence on the fnowy top
Of cold Olympus rul’d the middle air. Milton's Par. Lod
As when the Tartar from his Ruffian foe.
By Aftracan, over the jnowy plains.
Retires. Milton's Paradife Lofl.
Snub. n.f. [from fnebbe, Dutch, a nofe, or knubej a joint of
the finger.] A jag; a fnag; a knot in wood.
Lifting up his dreadful club on high.
All arrffd with raggedfnubs and knotty grain;
Him thought at firft encounter to have flain. Ul,y
To Snub. v. a. [Rather To fnib. See Sneap, Sneb, Snyuj 1
1. To check; to reprimand. ’
2. To nip.
Near the feafhores the heads and boughs of ^
far to landward; but toward the fea are f() f> // ; 1 l
winds, as if their boughs had been pared or hm “rftff V
To Snub. «... [fnvfftn, Dutch ]
ToSnuucb. [/w Danilh,; To lie w£dofe «
iNW
Dairy Dueen.
S N U
Herbert.
Now he will fight it out, and to the wars;
Now eat his bread in peace,
Andfnudge in quiet; now he fcorns increafc ;
Now all day fpares.
SNUFF, n.f [/««/, Dutch, fnot.]
I. Snot. In this fenfe it is not ufed.
The ufelefs excrefcence of a candle: whence much* la
chandelle.
My great affli&ion,
If I could bear longer, and not fall
To quarrel with your oppofelefs wills,
Mv fnuff and loathed part of nature fhould
Burn itfelf out. . Shakefp. Kn,g Lean
But deareft heart, and dearer image, ltay!
Alas! true joys at belt are dreams enough :
Though you ftay here, you pafs too fall away;
For even°at firft life’s taper is a fnuff. Donne.
The /kf/'-dilhes (hall be of pure gold. rr~x’ xx.v‘ 3°-
If the liquor be of aclofe and glutinous conflftency, it may
burn without anvfnuff, as we fee in camphire, and fome other
bituminous fubftances; andmoftof the ancient lamps were of
this kind, becaufe none have been found with fuch wicks. IVilk.
3. A candle almoft burnt out.
Lamentable?
To hide me from the radiant fun, and folace
1’ th’ dungeon by a fnuff. Shakefp. Cymbelme.
. The fired wick of a candle remaining after the flame.
A torch, fnuff and all, goes out in a moment, when dipped
into the vapour. _ Addijon on Italy.
5. Relentment expreffed by fniftirig; perverfe lefentment.
What hath been feen
Either in [miffs or packings of the dukes,
Or the hard rein which both of them have borne .
Againft the old kind king. Shakefp. King Lear.
Jupiter took fnuffat the contempt, and punifhed him : he
fent him home again. ^ EJlrange.
. Powdered tobacco taken by the nofe.
Juft where the breath of life his noftrils drew,
A charge of fnuff the wily virgin threw ;
'The gnomes direct to ev’ry atom juft
The pungent grains of titillating dull. rope.
To Snuff, v.a. [fnuffen, Dutch.]
1. To draw in with the breath. . . _
A heifer will put up her nofe, and fuff in tne air againft
„ • Bacon. r3.in# . ..
With delight hefluff’d the fmell
Of mortal change on earth. Milton s Pai adife Lof.
Hefluffs the wind, his heels the fand excite; 1
But when he ftands colledted in his might, r
He roars and promifes a more fuccefsful fight. Dryden. J
The youth,
Who holds the neareft ftation to the light.
Already feems tofnuff the vital air, ^
And leans juft forward on a fhining fpear. Dryden s LEn.
My troops are mounted ; their Numidian fteeds
Snuff up the wind, and long to fcour the defart. Addifon.
My nag’s greateft fault was[huffing up the air about Brackdenftown, whereby he became fuch a lover of liberty, that I
could fcarce hold him in. Swift.
2. Tofcent.
The cow looks up, and from afar can find
The change of heav’n, andfluffs it in the wind. Dryden.
For thee the bulls rebellow through the groves.
And tempt the ftream, andfnufftheir abfent loves. Dryden.
O’er all the blood-hound boafts fuperior fkill.
To feent, to view, to turn, and boldly kill!
His fellows vain aiarms reje&s with fcorn,
True to the mafter’s voice, and learned horn:
His noftrils oft, if ancient fame fing true.
Trace the fly felon through the tainted dew .
Once fnuff’d, he follows with unaher d aim.
Nor odours lure him from the chofen game ;
Deep-mouth’d he thunders, and inflam’d he views,
Springs on relentlefs, and to death purfueS. Tickell.
3. To crop the candle.
The late queen’s gentlewoman!
To be her miftrefs’ miftrefs!
This candle burns not clear: ’tis Imuft/«fo/it,
And out it goes. Shakefp. Henry VI .
Againft a communion-day our lamps mould be better
drefied, and our lightsfnvffed, and our religion more active.
Taylor s worthy Communicant.
You have got
An office for your talents fit,
Tofnuff the lights, and ftir the fire,
And get a dinner for your hire. Swift.
To Snuff, v. n.
I. Tofnoit; to draw breath by the nofe.
The fury fires the pack, theyfnuff, they vent,
And feed their hungry noftrils with the feent. Dryd, LEn.
King.
S O
Says Humpus, fir, my mafter bad me pray
Your company to dine with him to-day:
Hefnuffs, then follows, up the ftairs he goes ;
Never pulls off his hat, nor cleans his (hoes.
2. To fnift in contempt. .
Ye faid, what a wearinefs is it, and ye ha\ejnujj d at it.
Mai. 11. 13.
Snu'ffbox. n.f. \_fnuff and box.] The box in which fnuff is
carried.
If a gentleman leaves a fnuffbox on the table, and goem
away, lock it up as part of your vails. Swift.
Sir Plume, of amberfnuffbox juftly vain,
And the nice conduct of a clouded cane. Pope.
Snu'ffers. n.f. [from fnuff.] The inftrumen,t with which
the candle is clipped.
When you have fnuffed the candle, leave the fiuffers open.
Swift’s DireElions to the Butler.
To Snu'ffle. v. n. [fnuffelen, Dutch.] To fpeak through
the nofe; to breath hard through the nofe.
A water-fpaniel came down the river, {hewing that he
hunted for a duck; and with afluffing grace, difdaining that
his duelling force could not as well prevail through the water
as through the air, waited with his eye to fee whether he could
efpy the duck’s getting up again. Sidney.
Bagpipes of the loudeft drones,
With fluffing broken-winded tones,
Whofe blafts of air in pockets {hut,
Sound filthier than from the gut. _ Huaibras.
It came to the ape to deliver his opinion, who fmelt and
fnuffed, and confidered on’t. L tflrange.
One clad in purple,
Eats and recites fome lamentable rhyme;
Some fenfelefs Phillis in a broken note,
’ Snuffling at nofe, and croaking in his throat. Dryden.
To SNUG v. n. [fniger, Dutch.] To lie clofe ; to fnudge.
Therefnugging well, he well appear’d content,
So to have done amifs, fo to be fhent. Sidney.
As the loving couple layflagging together, \ enus, to try it
the cat had changed her manners with her fliape, turned a
moufe loofe into the chamber. L Bjtrange.
Snug. adj. [from the verb.]
1. Clofe; free from any inconvenience.
They fpy’d a country farm.
Where all wasfnug, and clean, and warm ;
For woods before, and hills behind, „
Secur’d it both from rain and wind. Prior.
2. Clofe; out of notice.
At Will’s
Liefnug, and hear what criticks fay. tswiJU
3. Slily or infidioufly clofe. _
Did I not fee you, rafeal, did I not! ^
When you layfnug to fnap young Damon s goat? Dryden:
To Snu'ggle. v. n. [fromfnug.] To he clofe; to lie warm.
So. adv. [ ypa, Saxon; foo, Dutch ; fo, German.]
1. In like manner. It anfwers to as either preceding or follow¬
ing. Noting comparifon.
As whom the fables feign of monftrous fize,
Titanian or earthborn that v/arr’d on Jove,
So ftretch’d out huge in length the arch fiend lay. Milton.
Thick as autumnal leaves that ftrew the brooks
In Valombrofa, where th’ Etrurian {hades
High over-arch’d embow’r, fo thick beftiewn
Abjea and loft lay thefe. . Mllt0^
Tir’d at firft fight with what the mufe imparts.
In fearlefs youth we tempt the heights of arts;
So pleas’d at firft the tow’ring Alps we try.
Mount o’er the vales, and feem to tread the fky. Pope.
As into air the purer fpirits flow.
And fep’rate from their kindred dregs below.
So flew her foul to its congeneal place. t ope.
2. To fuch a degree. . , oQ
Why is his chariot fo long in coming ? Judg. v. 25.
Can nothing great, and at the height.
Remain fo long, but its own weight
Will ruin it ? Or is’t blind chance
That ftill defires new ftates t’ advance. Ben. JohnJ. Catiline.
Amoret, my lovely foe.
Tell me where thy ftrength does lie ;
Where the pow’r that charms usfo, JValler
In thy foul, or in thy eye ? ,, . .
I viewed in my mind, fo far as I was able, 1 .iffEarth'
and progrefs of a rifing world. Burnet s T/W> °f
Since then our Arcite is with honour dead, ^
Why fhould we mourn that he fo foon ,s„ ’ odXtUpon our firft going into a company of® “
nevolence or arcrlion nlcs towaiis ever ^ kn0„. wh(J
before we have heard P • ’ Mdifon’s Spectator.
thC/ We think our fathers fools, /. wife we’re grown:
Our wife font, no doubt, will th.nk us fo. ££
9
s o
„ Tn fuch a manner. , & .
It is regularly answered by as or that, but they are fometimes
omitted. i i n
So frown’d the mighty combatants, that hell
Grew darker at their frown. Milton.
There’s no fuch tiling, as that we beauty call,
It is meer cofenage all;
For though fome long ago
Lik’d certain colours mingl’d Jo andfo,
Tint doth not tie me now from chuling new. Suckling.
There is fomething equivalent in France and Scotland ; Jo
as ’tis a very hard calumny upon our foil to affirm that fo ex¬
cellent a fruit will not grow here. Temple.
We may be certain that man. is not a creature that hath
w;nirS; becaufe this only concerns the manner of his exigence;
and we feeing wliat he is, may certainly know that he is not
fo or j'o. Locke.
I (hall minutely tell him the fteps by which I was brought
into this way, that he may judge whether I proceeded ratio¬
nally, if/be any thing in my example is worthhis notice. Locke.
This gentleman is a perlon of good fenfe, and knows that
he is very much in fir Roger’s efteem, fo that he lives in the
family rather as a relation than dependent. Addifon.
5.In the fame manner.
Of fuch examples add me to the roll;
Me eafily indeed mine may negledb,
But God’s propos’d deliverance not fo. Adilton.
To keep up the tutor’s authority, ufe him with great refped
yourfelf, and caufe all your family to dofo too. Luke.
According to the multifarioufnefs of this immutability, fo
are the poflibillties of being. Norris.
6. Thus ; in this manner.
Not far from thence the mournful fields appear,
So call’d from lovers that inhabit there. Drydcn.
Does this deferve to be rewarded fo ?
Did you come here a ftranger or a foe ? Dryden.
It concerns every man, with the greateft ferioufnefs, to
enquire into thofe matters whether they be jo or not. Tillotfon.
No nation ever complained they had too broad, too deep,
or too many rivers ; they underftand better than fo, how to
value thofe ineftimable gifts of nature. Bentley.
So when the firft bold vefTel dar’d the feas,
Hi >h on the ftern the Thracian rais’d his ftrai.n. Pope.
Wxhether this be from an habitual motion of the animal fpirits, or from the alteration of the conftitution, by fome more
unaccountable way, this is certain thatfit is. Locke.
7. Therefore; for this reafon; in confequence of this.
The god, though loth, yet was con drain’d t’obey ;
For longer time than that, no living wight,
Below the earth, might fuffer’d be to ftay :
So back again him brought to living light. Fairy Lpueen.
If he fet induftrioufly and fmcerely to perform the com¬
mands of Chrift, he can have no ground of doubting but it
lhall prove fuccefsful to him, and fo all that he hath to do is to
endeavour by prayer and ufe of the means, to qualify himfelf for this bleffed condition. Hammond'’s Fundamentals.
Some are fall’n, to difobedience fall’n ;
And jo from heav’n to deepeft hell. Milton s Paradife Loft.
God makes him in his own image an intelledlual creature,
andfo capable of dominion. Locke.
8.. On thefe terms; noting a conditional petition : anfwered by
as.
O goddefs ! tell what I would fay.
Thou know’ll: it, and I feel too much to pray,
So grant my fuit, as I enforce my might.
In love to be thy champion. Dryden s Knight's Tale.
Here then exchange we mutually forgivenefs ;
So may the guilt of all my broken vows,
My perjuries to thee be all forgotten ;
As here my foul acquits thee of my death,
As here I part without an angry thought. Rowe.
So may kind rains their vital moifture yield.
And fwell the future harveft of thy field. Pope.
9. Provided that; on condition that; mode.
Be not fad;
Evil into the mind of God or man
May come and go, fo unapprov’d, and leave
No fpot or blame behind. Miltons Paradife Lofl.
So thedotSlrine be but wholfome and edifying, though there
{hould be a want of exadnefs in the manner of fpeaking or
reafoning, it may be overlooked. Atterbury.
Too much of love thy haplefs friend has prov’d,
Too many giddy foolfih hours are gone ;
May the remaining few know only friendfhip ;
So thou, my deareft, trueft, belt Alicia,
Vouchfafe to lodge me in thy gentle heart,
A partner there; I will give up mankind. Rowe.
10. Tn like manner; noting conceffion of one propofition and
aflumption of another, anfwering to as.
As a war fhould be undertaken upon a juft motive, f a
prince ought to confider the condition he is in when he enters
on it. Swift.
S O A
11. It fometimes anfwers to the word or fentence going before,
and returns the fenfe.
Who thinks his wife is virtuous, though not fo,
Is pleas’d and patient till the truth he know. Denham.
Ano-lin^ is fomething like poetry, men are to be born Jo.
6 D Walton’s AngUr.
One may as well fay, that the conflagration lhall be only
national, as to fay that the deluge wasfo. Burnet.
However foft within themielves they are,
To you they will be valiant by defpair;
For having once been guilty, well they know
To a revengeful prince they ftill are /;. Drydem
He was great ere fortune made him/. Dryden.
I laudi at every one, faid an old cynick, who .augis at
me. Do you fo? replied the philofopher; then you live: the
merrieft life of any man in Athens. Addijon.
They are beautiful in themfelves, and much more/ m that
noble language peculiar to that great poet. Addifon.
Pope.
Dryden.
Common-place books have been long ufed by induftrious
young divines, and ftill continue fo. _ _ Swift.
As to his ufing ludicrous expreflions, my opinion is, that
they are notfo. Pope.
The bleiF tc-day is as completelyfo.
As who began a thoufand years ago.
12. Thus it is; this is the {fate.
How forrow fhakes him !
So, now the tempeft tears him up by th’ roots,
And on the ground extends the noble ruin.
1 3. At this point; at this time.
When
With wild wood-leaves and weeds I ha’ ftrew’d his grave.
And on it faid a century of prayers,
Such as I can, twice o’er. I’ll weep and figh;
And, leaving/his fervice, follow you. Shakefpeare.
14. It notes a kind of abrupt beginning. Well.
O, fo, and had you a council
Ofladies too ? who was your fpeaker.
Madam ? Ben. Jcbnfon’s Catiline.
15. It fometimes is little more than an expletive, though it im¬
plies fome latent or furd comparifon.
An aftringent is not quite / proper, where relaxing the
urinary paffages is necefiary. Arbutbnot.
16. A word of aflumption ; thus be it.
There is Percy ; if your father will do rae any honour, /;
if not, let him kill the next Percy himfelf. Shakefpeare.
I will never bear a bafe mind: if it be my deftiny, fo : if
it be not, /. No man is too good to ferve his prince. Shak.
17. A form of petition.
Ready are th’ appellant and defendant.
The armourer and his man, to enter the lifts.
So pleafe your highnefs to behold the fight. Shakefpeare:
18. So much as. However much. This is, I think, an irregular
expreffion.
So much as you admire the beauty of his verfe, his profe
is full as good. Pope.
19. So fo. An exclamation after fome thing done or known.
I would not have thee linger in thy pain :
So fo. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
Sofo ; it works : now miftrefs, fit you faft. Dryden.
20. So fo. [coft coji, Italian.] Indifferently; not much amils nor
well.
He’s not very tall; yet for his years he’s tall;
His leg is butJo fo : and yet ’tis well. Shakefpeare.
Deliver us from the naufeous repetition of As and So, which
fome// writers, I may call them fo, are continually found¬
ing in our ears. Felton on the ClaJJicks.
21. So then. Thus then it is that; therefore.
So then the Volfcians ftand ; but as at firft
Ready, when time lhall prompt them, to make road
Upon’s again. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
To a war are required a juft quarrel, fufficient forces, and
a prudent choice of the defigns : Jo then, I will firftjuftify the
quarrel, balance the forces, and propound variety of defigns.
Bacon’s War with Spain.
To Soak. v.n. [j-ocian, Saxon.]
1. To lie fteeped in moifture.
For thy conceit in foahing will chaw in
More than the common blocks. Shakefpeare.
2. To enter by degrees into pores.
Lay a heap of earth in great frofts upon a hollow veffel,
putting a canvafs between, and pour water upon it, fo as to
foak thiough : it will make a harder ice in the veflel, and lefs
apt to diffolve than ordinarily. Bacon.
Rain foaking into the ftrata, which lie near the furface,
bears with it all fuch moveable matter as occurs. Woodivard.
3. To drink gluttor.oufly and intemperately. Thisis a low term.
Let a drunkard fee that his health decays, his eftate waftes,
yet the habitual thirft after his cups drives hi,m to the tavern,
though he has in his view the lois of health and plenty ; the
leaft of which he confefies is far greater than the tickling of
his palate with a glafs of wine, or the idle chat of a faking
dub. Locke.
24 M To
SOB SOB
To Soak. v. a.
i.Io macerate in any moifture; to deep; to keep wet till
moifture is imbibed; to drench.
Many of our princes
Lie drown’d and fak'd in mercenary bloo I :
So do our vulgar drench their peai'ant limbs
In blood ot princes. Shakefpeares Hen. V.
1 heir land {hall befoaked with blood. Ija. xxxiv. 7.
There deep Galelusfiaks the yellow lands. Dryden.
T hou whole life’s a dream of lazy pleafure :
’Tis all thy bus’nefs, bus'nefs how to fhun
To balk thy naked body in the lun ;
Suppling thy ftiffen'd joints with fragrant oil;
Then in thy fpacious garden walk a while.
To fuck t e moilfure up and joak it in. Dryden.
Wormwood, put into the brine youJoak your corn in, pre¬
vents the birds eating it. Mortimer.
2-. To drain ; to exhauft. This feems to be a cant term.
Plants that draw much nourifhment from the earth, and [oak
and exhauft it, hurt all things that grow by them. Bacon.
A greater fparer titan a faver; for though he had fuch
means to accumulate, yet his forts, and his garrifons, and his
feaftings, wherein he was only fumptuous, could not but [oak
his exchequer. IVotion.
Soap. n.f [ rape, Saxon; fapo, Latin.] A fubftance ufed
in wafhing, made of a lixivium of vegetable alkaline alhes
and any unctuous fubftance.
Soap is a mixture of a fixed alkaline fait and oil; its vir¬
tues are cleanfing, penetrating, attenuating, and refolving;
and any mixture of any oily fubftance with fait may be called
afoap.' Arbuthnot on Aliments.
He is like a refiner’s fire, and like fullersfoap. Malachi.
A bubble blown with water, firft made tenacious by diffolving a little joap in it, after a while will appear tinged
with a great variety of colours. Newton's Opticks.
Soap-o^nh is found in great quantity on the land near the
banks of the river Hermus, feven miles from Smyrna. tVoodw.
Sw'i-afhes are much commended, after the Joap- boilers have
done with them, for cold or four lands. Mortimer.
As rain-water diminifhes their fait, fo the moiftening of
them with chamber-lee orJcap-fads adds thereto. Mortimer.
SoapboFler. n, f. \_Joap and boil.~\ One whofe trade is to
make Joap.
Afiapbotler condoles with me on the duties on caftle-foap.
Addifon’sSpectator.
Soapwort. n.f. Is a fpecies of campion. Miller.
To Soar. v. n. [forare, Italian.]
1. To fly aloft; to tower; to mount; properly to fly without
any vilible adiion of the wings.
Feather’d foon and fledg’d,
1 hey fumm’d their pens, and Joaring th’ air fublime,
With clang defpis’d the ground. Milton.
2. To mount intellectually ; to tower with the mind.
’Tis but a bafe ignoble mind
T hat mounts no higher than a bird can foar. Shakefpeare.
How high a pitch his refolution foars. Shakejpeare.
ValourJoars above
What the world calls misfortune and afflictions. Addifon.
3. To rife high. /
Who afpires muft down as low
As high hefoar'd. Milton.
Flames rife and fink by fits; at laft theyfoar
In one bright blaze, and then defeend no more. Dryden.
When fwallows dettfiar high, and fport in air,
He told us that the welkin would be clear. Gay.
Soar. n.f. [from theverb.] Towering flight.
Withinfour
Of tow’ring eagles, to all the fowls he feems
A phoenix. Milton.
To Sob. v.n. [peob, geab, complaining, Saxon. Perhaps it is
a mere onomatopoeia c pied from the found.] To heave au¬
dibly with convulfive forrow ; to figh with convulfion.
W hen thy warlike father, like a child.
Told the fad ltory of my father’s death,
He twenty times made paufe to Jcb and weep. Shakefpeare.
As it her life and death lay on his faying,
Some tears fhe filed, with fi.hs and f.bbings mfxt.
As if her hopes were dead through his delaying. Fairfax.
She figh d, fheJolb'd, and furious with defpair,
She rent her garments, and fhe tore her hair. Dryden.
When childre11 have not the power to obtain their defire,
they will, by their clamour and Jobbing, maintain their title
to K* Locke on Education.
He fobbing fees
I be glades, mild-opening to the golden day. Thomfin.
So n. f. [from the verb.] A convulfive figh ; a convulfive aCt
oi regulation obftruCteil by forrow.
Lieak heart, or choak with jobs my hated breath ;
Lo tiiy own woik, admit no foreign death. Dryden.
There oit aie heard the notes of infant woe,
II c fhori. thicky^, loud feream, and {briber fquall. Swift.
A wond’rous bag with both her hands fhe binds:
There fhe colleCts the f rce of female lungs,
Sighs, fibs, and pafiions, and the war of tongues. Poke.
I o Sob. v.a. To foak. A cant word.
1 he tree bdmgfobbed and wet, fwejjs. Mortimer.
Sober, adj. [fobrius, Latin; fibre, French.]
1. Temperate, particularly in liquours; not drunken.
Live ssjober, righteous, and godly life. Common Prayer.
1 he vines give wine to the drunkard as well as to thefber
ma]]T‘ Baylor's JVo'thy Communicant.
No fiber temperate perfon, whatfoever other fins he may
be guilty of, can look with complacencv upon the drunkennefs and fottifhnefs of his neighbour. ' South's Sermons.
2. Not overpowered by drink.
A law there is among the Grecians, whereofPittacus is au¬
thor; that he which being overcome with drink did thenftrike
any man, fhould fufler punifhment double, as much as if he
had done the fame beingfiber. Hooker
3. Not mad; right in the underftanding.
Another, who had a great genius for tragedy, follow¬
ing the fury of his natural temper, made every man and wo¬
man in his plays ftark raging mad : there was not afiber per¬
fon to be had ; all was tempeftuous and bluftering. Dryden.
No fiber man would put himfelf into danger, for the applaufe of efcaping without breaking his neck. Dryden.
4. Regular; calm; free from inordinate paffion.
This fame youngfiber-blooded boy a man cannot make
him laugh. Shakefpeare.
Cieca travelled all over Peru, and is a grave and fiber wri-
*er- Abbot's Defcription ofthe JVorld.
Young men likewife exhort to be fiber minded. Tit. ii. 6.
The governour of Scotland being of great courage, and
fiber judgment, amply performed his duty both before the battle
and in the field. Hayward.
Thefe confufions difpofed men of any fiber underftandinoto wifh for peace. Clarendon.
Among them feme fiber men confefled, that as his majefty’s affairs then flood, he could not grant it. Clarendon.
To thefe, thatfober race of men, whofe lives
Religious, titled them the fons of God,
Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame
Ignobly to the trains and to the fmiles
Of thefe fair atheifts. Milton'.
5. Serious; folemn; grave.
Petruchio fhall
Offer me, difguis’d in fiber robes.
To old Baptifta as a fchoolmafter. Shakefpeare.
Come, civil night.
Thoufober-fuited matron, all in black. Shakefpeare.
Twilight grey
Had in her fiber liv’ry all things clad. Milton.
, What parts gay France fromfiber Spain,
A little rifing rocky chain :
Of men born fouth or north th’ hill,
Thofe feldona move; thefe ne’er ftand ftill. Prior.
Swift and he defpis’d the farce of ftate.
The fober follies of the wife and great. Pope.
See herfiber over a fampler, or gay over a jointed baby. Pope.
To So'ber. v. a. [from the adjedtive.] To make fober.
A little learning is a dang’rous thing;
Drink deep, or tafte not the Pierian fpring;
There fhallow draughts intoxicate the brain.
And drinking largelyfobers us again. Pope.
So'berly. adv. [fromfiber.J
1. Without intemperance.
2. Without madnefs.
3. Temperately; moderately.
Let any prince thinkfoberly of his forces, except his mili¬
tia of natives be valiant foldiers. Bacon.
4. Cooly; calmly.
Whenever children are chaftifed, let it be done without paf¬
fion, zx\d foberly laying on the blows flowly. Locke.
So'berness. n.f [fromfiber.~\
J. Temperance in drink.
Keep my body in temperance, fobernefs, and chaftitv.
Common Prayer.
2.Calmnefs; freedom from enthufiafm ; coolnefs.
A perfon noted for hisfobernefs and fkill in fpagyrical prepa¬
rations, made Helmont’s experiment fucceed very well. Boyle.
T heJoberheJs of Virgil might have (hewn him the difference.
Dryden s Dufrejnoy.
Sobri ety. n.f [from fibriet'c, French;fobrius, Latin ]
1. remperance in drink ; fobernefs.
Drunkennefs is more uncharitable to the foul, and in feriptureismore declaimed againft chan gluttony ; andJobriety hath
obtained to fignify temperance in drinking. Iayior.
2. Prefent freedom from the power of flrong liquour.
3. General temperance.
In fetting down the form of common prayer, there was no
need that the book fhould mention either the learning of a fit,
or the unfitnefs of an ignorant minifter, more than that he
which
s o c SOD
which defcribetll the manner how to pitch a held, fliould
{peak of moderation and fbriety in diet. Hooker.
4 Freedom from inordinate paflion.
The libertine could not prevail on men of virtue and fo¬
briety to give up their religion. Rogers.
5, Calmnels; coolnefs.
We will enquire with all fobriety and feverity, whether
there be in the footfteps of nature, any luch tranfmiflion of
immateriate virtues and what the force of imagination is.
Bacon's Natural Hifiery.
Sobriety in our riper years is the effect of a well concocted
warmth; but where the principles are only phlegm, what can
be expected but an inlipid manhood, and itupid old infancy ?
Dryden.
If fometimes Ovid appears too gay, there is a fecret gracefulnefs of youth which accompanies his writings, though the
frayednefs and fobriety of age be wanting. Dryden.
6. Serioufiiefs; gravity.
Mirth makes them not mad;
Norfobriety fad. Denham.
So'ccace r.f [foe, French, a ploughfhare ; foccagiim, barba¬
rous Latin.] In law, is a tenure of lands for certain inferiour
or hufbandly fervices to be performed to the lord of the fee.
All fervices due for land being knight s fervice, or foccage;
fo that whatever is not knight’s fervice, is foccage. Thisyoo
cage is of three kinds ; a iocca^e of free tenure, where a man
holdeth by free fervice of twelve pence a-year for all manner
of fervices. Seccage of ancient tenure is of land of ancient
demefne, where no writ original {hall be fued, but the writ
fecundum cmfuetudinem manerii. Soccageof bafe tenure is where
thofe that hold it may have none other writ but the rnonftraverunt-, and fuch fockmen hold not by certain fervice. Cowcl.
The lands are not holden at all of her majefty, or not
holden in chief, but by a mean tenure in foccage, or by knight’s
fervice. Bacon.
SO'CI ABLE. adj. [fociable, French; Jociabilis, Latin.]
1. Fit to be conjoined.
Another law toucheth them as they are fcciable parts united
into one body; a law which bindeth them each to ferve unto
other’s good, and all to prefer the good of the whole before
whatfoever their own particular. Hooker.
S.. Ready to unite in a general interefl.
To make man mild, andJbciable to man ;
To cultivate the wild licentious favage
With wifdom, difeipline. Addifon's Cato.
3. Friendly ; familiar ; converfible.
Them thus employ’d, beheld
With pity heav’n’s high King, and to him call’d
Raphael, the fociable fpirit, that deign’d
To travel with Tobias. Milton.
4- Inclin’d to company.
In children much folitude and filence I like not, nor any
thing born before his time, as this mult needs be in thatfociable and expofed age. Wotton.
So'ciaeleness. [fromfociable.]
v. Inclination to company and converfe.
Such as would call her friendfhip love, and feign
To fciablenef a name profane. Donne.
The two main properties of man are cbntemplation and
fociablenefs, or love of converfe. More.
2. Freedom of converfation ; good fellowfhip.
He always ufed courtefy and modefty, difliked of none;
fometimesfciablenef and fellowfhip well lik’d by many. Hayw.
So'ciably. adv, [fromfriable.] Converfibly ; as a compa¬
nion.
Yet not terrible,
That I fhould fear ; norfociably mild,
As Raphael, that I fhould much confide ;
But folemn and fublime. Milton s Paradife Loft.
SO'CIAL. adj. [focialis, Latin.]
1. Relating to a general or publick interefl; relating to fociety.
To love our neighbour as ourfelves is fuch a fundamental
truth for regulating human fociety, that by that alone one
might determine all the cafes inyich?/morality. Locke.
2. Eafy to mix in friendly gaiety ; companionable.
FV ithers adieu ! yet not with thee remove
Thy martial fpirit or thy facial love. p0pe.
3. Confiding in union or converfe with another.
Thou in thy fecrecy although alone.
Bed with thy feIf accompany’d, feek’ft not
Social communication. Milt
So'cialness. [fromj'ocial.] The quality of being focial.
Soci'etv. n.J. [fociete, French; feietas, Latin.]
1. Union of many in one general interefl.
2. Numbers united in one interefl; community.
As the practice of piety and virtue is agreeable to our reafon, fo is it for the interefl of private perfons and publick focieties. Tillctfn.
3. Company; converfe.
To maleefuiety
The fweettr welcome, we will keep ourfelf
Till fupper-time alone. Shakejpeai e s Macbeth.
on.
Whilft I was big in clamour, came there a man,
Who having feen me in my worfer date,
Shunn’d m / abhorr’d fociety. Shakfpeare's K. Lear.
Solitude fometimes is beiifociety.
And fiiort retirement urges fweet return. Milton.
4.Partnerfhip; union on equal terms
Among unequals whatfociety can fort ? Milton.
Heav’n’s greatnefs nofociety can bear;
Servants he made, and thofe thou want’d not here. Dryden.
Sock, n f [foccus, Latin; yocc, Saxon; focke, Dutch.]
1. Something put between the foot and fhoe.
Ere 1 lead this life long, I’ll fow nether focks, and mend
them, and foot them too. Sbakefpeare's Henry IV.
A phyfician, that would be mydical, preferibeth for the
rheum to walk continually upon a camomile alley ; mean¬
ing he fhould put camomile within hisJocks. Bacon;
2. The fhoe of the ancieht comick aCtors, taken in poems for
comedy, and oppofed to bufkin or tragedy.
Then to the well trod flage anon,
If Johnfon’s learned jock be on,
Or fweeted Shakefpeare, fancy's child,
Warble his native wood-notes wild. Milton.
Great Fletcher never treads in bufkins here,
Nor greater Johnfon dares in focks appear ;
But gentle Simkin jud reception finds
Amidd the monument of vanifh’d minds. Dryden.
On two figures of a&ors in the villa Mathei at Rome, we
fee the fafhion of the old fock and larva. Addifn.
Socket, n.f [jbuchette, French ]
1. Any hollow pipe; generally the hollow of a candledick.
Two goodly beacons fet in watches dead,
Therein gave light, and flam’d continually;
For they of living fire mod fubtilly
Were made, and fet in filver fockets bright. Fairy fftueen.
She at your flames would foon take fire.
And like a candle in thejacket
Difl'ol v e. Hudilras.
The nightly virgin fees
When fparkling lamps their fputt’ring light advance.
And in the Jockets oily bubbles dance. Dryden.
The dars amaz’d ran backward from the fight.
And, fhrunk within their jockets, loft their light. Dryden.
Two dire comets
In their own plague, and fire have breath’d their laft.
Or dimly in their finkingfockets frown. Dryden.
To nurfe up the vital flame as long as the matter will laft,
is not always good hufbandry; it is much better to cover it
with an extinguifher of honour, than let it confume till it
burns blue, and lies agonizing within thefocket, and at length
goes out in no perfume. Collier.
2. The receptacle of the eye.
His eye-balls in their hollowfockets fink;
Bereft of fleep he loths his meat and drink ;
He withers at his heart, and looks as wan
As the pale fpe&re of a murder’d man. Dryden.
3. Any hollow that receives fomething inferted.
Thefockets and fupporters of flowers are figured; as in the
five brethren of the rofe, and fockets of gillyflowers. Bacon. '
Gomphofis is the connection of a tooth to its jacket. IVife.
As the weight leans wholly upon the axis, the grating and
rubbing of thefe axes againft the fockets wherein they are
placed, will caufe fome inaptitude and refillency to that rota¬
tion of the cylinder which would otherwife enfue. Wilkins.
On either fide the head produce an ear,
And fink a focket for the fhining fhare. Dryden.
Socketchisel. n.f.
Carpenters, for their rougher work, ufe a ftronger fort of
chifels, and diftinguifh them by the name offocketchtfels; their
{hank made with a hollow focket a-top, to receive a ftrong
wooden fprig made to fit into the focket. Moxon.
Socle, n.f [With architects.] A flat fquare member, under
the bafes of pedeftals of ftatues and vafes: it ferves as a foot or
ftand. Bailey.
So'cman, or Soccager. n f [yocayman, Saxon.] A fort of
tenant that holds lands and tenements by foccage tenure, of
which there are three kinds. See Soccac-e. Cowel.
So'come. n.f [In the old law, and in Scoland.l A cuftom of
tenants being obliged to grind their corn at their lord’s mill.
Bailey.
Sod. n.f [fed, Dutch.] A turf; a clod.
The fexton {hall green fods on thee beftow ;
Alas the fexton is thy banker now. Sw:/t
He-re fame ftiall drefs a fweeter jod.
Than fancy’s feet have ever trod. /"•„//*.
c J. r r - mourns.
ood. I he preterite ofJeetbe.
Never caldron fod
With fo much fervour, fed with all the (lore
That could enrage it. ' Chatman.
Jacob fad pottage, and Efau came from the field faint.
c . Gen. xxv. 20.
Sodality. »./ [ fdviitas, Latin.] A felbwfhip; a frater¬
nity.
A new
O F S O F
A new confraternity was inftitutcd in Spain, of the Haves
of the blelfed virgin, and thisJodality eftablilhed with large indulgencies. Stillingfleet.
^o'ddfn. [The participle paflive offeethe.] Boiled ; feethed.
Can Jcddm water, their barley broth,
Decocl their cold blood to fuch valiant heat ? Shakefpeare.
Sodden bufinefs ! there's a flow’d phrafe indeed. Sbakefp.
Thou fodden-witted lord ; thou halt no more brain than I
have in my elbows. Shakefpcare's Trodus and Crejflida.
d ry it with milk fodden, and with cream. bacon.
Mix it with fodden wines and raifins. Dryden.
To So'DER. v. a. [fonder, French ; fouderen, Dutch. It is ge¬
nerally written folder, from Jo'dare, Italian ; folidare, Latin.]
To cement with fome metallick matter.
He that fmootheth with the hammer, encourageth him that
fmote the anvil, faying, if is ready forfodtring. Jfa. xli.
Sc/der. n.f Metallick cement.
Still the difficulty returns, how thefe hooks were made :
what is it that fallens thisJoder, and links thefe firft principles
of bodies into a chain ? Collier on Pride.
Soe. n.f. [J'ae, Scottifh.] A large wooden vefiel with hoops,
for holding water ; a cowl.
A pump grown dry will yield no water; but pouring a little
into it firft, for one bafon full you may fetch up as many foefills. Adore.
Soe ver, adv. [fo and ever.] A word properly joined with a
pronoun or adverb, as whofoever; whatfoever ; howfoever.
What great thing foever a man propofed to do in his life,
he fhould think of atchieving it by fifty. Temple.
What love foever by an heir is fhown.
Or you could ne’er fufpedl my loyal love. Dryden.
So'fa. n. J. [[believe an eaflern word.] A fplended feat co¬
vered with carpets.
The king leaped off from the fofa on which he fat, and
cried out, ’tis my Abdallah ! Guardian.
Soft. ady. [pop:, Saxon; faft, Dutch.]
1. Not hard.
Hard and foft are names we give thing', only in relation to
the conilitutions of our own bodies; that being called hard,
which will put us to pain fooner than change figure, by the
preffure of any part of our bodies ; and thatfoft, which chan¬
ges the fituation.of its parts upon an eafy touch. Locke.
Some bodies are hard, and fomefft: the hardnefs is caufed
by the jejunenefs of the fpirits, which if a greater degree,
make them not only hard, but fragil. Bacon.
Hot and cold were in one budy fixt,
And foft with hard, and light with heavy mixt. Dryden.
2. Not rugged ; not rough.
What went ye out for to fee ? aman clothed infoft raiment ?
behold, they that wearfoft raiment are in kings houfes. Matth.
3. Duclile; not unchangeable of form.
Spirits can either fex afilime ; fo fft
And uncompounded is their effence pure. Aiilton.
4 Facile; flexible; not refqlute; yielding.
A few divines of fo foft and fervile tempers as difpofed
them to fo fudden adding and compliance. K. Charles.
One king is toofoft and eafy; another too fiery. L'Eflrange.
5. Tender; timorous.
What he hath done famoufly, he did it to .that end ; tho’
foft confcienced men can be content to fay, it was for his
country. - Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
Howeverfoft within themfelves they are.
To you they will be valiant by defpair. Dryden.
Curft be the verfe, how well foe’er it flow.
That tends to make one worthy man my foe;
Give virtue fcandaJ, innocence a fear,
Or from thefoft ey’d virgin fteal a tear. Pope.
6. Mild; gentle; kind; not fevere.
Would my heart were flint like Edward’s;
Or Edward sfoft and pitiful like mine. Shakefpeare.
Our torments may become asfoft as now fevere. Milton.
Yet foft his nature, though fevere his lay,
His anger moral, and his wifdom gay. Pope.
7. Meek; civil; complaifant.
Say,
Thou art their foldier, and being bred in broils.
Hah not the foft way, which thou do’ft confefs
Were fit for thee to ufe, as they to claim
In afking their good loves. Shakefpcare's Coriolanus.
8. Placid; hill; eafy.
On her foft axle while hie paces even,
She bears theefoft with the fmooth air along. Aiilton.
There/j/t-extended, to the murmuring found
Of the high porch, Ulyffes fieeps profound. Pope.
<p. Effeminate ; vicioufly nice.
I his fetife is aifo mihrefs of an art
Which tofoft people fvycet perfumes doth fell ;
T hough this dear art doth little good impart,
Since jhey (mell bch, that do of nothing fmcll. Davies.
An icle and fjt courfe of life is the fource of criminal pleahires. Notes on the OdyJJey.
Milton-.
Milton.
10. Delicacy; elegantly tender.
Her form moreJoft and feminine,
Lefs winning^//, lefs amiably mild.
11. Weak ; fimpie.
The deceiver foon found this foft place of Adam’s, and innocency itfelf did not fecure him. Glanyille.
12. Gentle; not loud; not rcugh.
Her voice was everfoft.
Gentle and low, an excellent thing in women. Shakefpeare.
The Dorian mood of flutes and foft recorders. Milton.
When fome great and gracious monarch dies,
Soft whifpers firff, and mournful murmurs rife
Among the fad attendants; then the found
Soon gathers voice. Dryden.
Soft whifpering thus to Neffor’s fon,
His head reclin’d, young Ithacus begun. Pope.
13. Smooth; flowing.
The folemn nightingale tun’d herfoftlays. Milton•
Soft were my numbers, who could take offence,
When fmooth defcription held the place of fenfe. Pope.
Hark, the n umbersfoft and clear
Gently fteal upon the ear. Pope.
14. Not forcible; not violent.
Sleep falls with foft flumb’rous weight. Milton.
Soft, inter]. Hold; flop; not fo faff.
But foft, I pray you; did King Richard then
Proclaim my brother. Shakefpeare's Hen. IV*
Oh, come in ./Emilia;
Soft, by and by, let me the curtains draw. Shakefpeare.
But foft, my mufe, the world is wide,
And all at once was not defery’d. Suckling.
To Soften, v. a. [from foft.]
1. To make foft; to make lefs hard.
Bodies, into which the water will enter, long Teething v. ill
rather [often than indurate. Bacon's Natural Lijlory.
Their arrow’s point they [often in the flame,
And founding hammers break its barbed frame. Gay.
2. To intenerate; to make lefs fierce or obftinate; to mollify.
X will[often ftony hearts. . Milton.
Our friends fee not our faults, or conceal them, or[often
them by their reprefentation. Adaifon.
I would corredt the harfh expreffions of one party, by
foftening and reconciling methods. Watts.
3. To make eafy; to compofe; to make placid; to mitigates
to palliate; to alleviate.
Call round her tomb each object of defire.
Bid her be all that chears or foftens life.
The tender filler, daughter, friend, and wife. Pope.
M ufick the fierceft griefs can charm ;
Mufick can [often pain to eafe.
And make defpair and madnefs pleafe. Pope.
4. To make lefs harfh.
He bore his great commiflion in his look,
But fweetly temper’d awe, and [often’d all he fpoke. Dryd.
To So'ften. v. n.
1. To grow lefs hard.
Many bodies, that will hardly melt, will [often ; as iron in
The forge. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
2. To grow lefs obdurate, cruel, or obftinate.
He may[often at the fight of the child;
The filence often of pure innocence
Perfuades, when fpeaking fails. Shakefpeare.
So'ftly. adv. [hornfoft.]
1. Without hardnefs.
2. Not violently ; not forcibly.
Solid bodies, if very foftly percufled, give no found; as
when a man treadeth veryfoftly upon boards. Bacon.
3. Not loudly.
Ahab rent his cloaths, and wentfofily. I Kings xxi. 27.
In this dark filence foftly leave the town,
And to the general’s tent diredl your fteps. Dryden.
4. Gently ; placidly.
Death will difmifs me,
And lay me foftly in my native duff.
To pay the forfeit of ill-manag’d truft. Dryden.
She with a wreath of myrtle crowns the head.
And foftly lays him on a flow’ry bed. Dryden s Mneid.
5. Mildly; tenderly.
The king muff die ;
Though pity foftly plead within my foul,
Yet he muff die, that I may make you great. Dryden.
So'ftner. n.f, [fromfoft-]
1. That which makes foft.
2. One who palliates. „ , . , ,
Thofe foftmrs, and expedient-mongers, fhake their heaos
fo ftrongly, that we can hear their pockets jing e. Vljt+
So'ftness. n.f. [fromfif*]
1. The quality of being foft.
2. Quality contrary to hardnefs. . . . . . ,. ,
Softhefs cometh by the greater quantify of fpints, which
ever induce yielding and ceflion ; and by the more equal fpreadIO £
2
S O I
inn; of the tangible parts, which thereby are more Hiding and
following; as in gold. Bacons Natural Jdijlory.
3. Mildnefs; kindnefs.
A wife man, when there is a neceflity of exprefling any evil
actions, ftiould do it by a word that has a fecondary idea of
kindnefs orjoftnejs; ora word that carries in it rebuke and feverity. Watts's Logick.
4. Civility; gentlenefs.
Improve thefe virtues, with a foftncfs of manners, and a
fweetnefs of converfation. Dryden.
5. Effeminacy ; vicious delicacy.
So long as idlenefs is quite {hut out from our lives, all the
fins of wantonnefs, Joftmfs, and effeminacy are prevented ;
and there is but little room for temptation. Taylor.
He was not delighted with thefoftnejjes of the court. Clarend.
6. Timoroufnefs; pulilanimity.
This virtue could not proceed out of fear orfoftnefs ; for he
was valiant and aftive. Bacon's Henry VII.
Saving a man’s felf, or fuffering, if with reafon, is virtue :
if without it, is foftnefs, or obflinacy. Grew.
7. Quality contrary to harfhnefs.
Softnefs of founds is diftindl from the exility of founds. Bac.
8. Facility ; gentlenefs ; candour; eafinefs to be aftedted.
Such was the ancient fimplicity and foftnefs of fpirit, which
fometimes prevailed in the world, that they whofe words were
even as oracles amongft men, feemed evermore loth to give
fentence againft any thing publickly received in the church of
God. Hooker.
9. Mildnefs; meeknefs.
For contemplation he and valour form'd*
For foftnefs Ihe and fvveet attractive grace. Milton.
Her ftubborn look .
Thisfoftnefs from thy finger took. Waller.
Soho, interj. A form of calling from a diftant place.
To Soil. v. a. [plian, Saxon; foelen, old German; fouiller,
French.]
1. To foul; to dirt; to pollute ; toftainj to fully.
A filly man in fimple weeds forlorn.
And foiled with duft of the long dried way. Fairy Ffiiecn.
Although fome hereticks have abufed this text, yet the fun
is not foiled in paflage. Bacon's Holy War.
If 1foil
Myfelf with fin, I then but vainly toil. Sandys.
I would notfoil thefe pure ambrofial weeds,
With the rank vapours of this fin-worm mould. Miltont
Bad fruit of knowledge, if this be to know.
Which leaves us naked thus, of honour void.
Of innocence, of faith, of purity.
Our wonted ornaments now foil'd and ftain’d. Milton.
One who cou’d n’t for a tafte o’ th’ flelh come in,
Licks thejoild earth.
While reeking with a mangled Ombit’s blood. Tate.
If the eye-glafs be tin£fed faintly with the fmoke of a lamp
or torch to obfcure the light of the ftar, the fainter light
in the circumference of the ftar ceafes to be vifible, and the
liar, if the glafs be fufficiently foiled with fmoke, appears
fomething more like a mathematical point. Newton.
An abfent hero’s bed they fought tofoil,
An abfent hero’s wealth they made their fpoil. Pope.
2. To dung ; to manure.
Men now prefent, juft as they foil their ground, not that
they love the dirt, but that they expert a crop. South.
Soil. n.f [from the verb.]
1. Dirt; fpot; pollution; foulnefs.
By indirect ways
I met this crown ; and I myfelf know well
How troublefome it fate upon my head :
To thee it (hall defcend with better quiet;
For all the foil of the achievement goes
With me into the earth. Shakefpeare's Henry. IV.
That would be a greatfoil in the new glofs of your marr*age* Shakefpeare.
Vexed I am with paflions,
Which give tomefoil perhaps to my behaviour. Shakefpeare.
I would have the Joil of her fair rape
WiP’d off- Shakefpeare.
A lady’s honour muft be touch’d,
Which, nice as ermines, will not bear afoil. Dryden.
2. [Sol, French; J'olurn, Latin.] Ground; earth, confidered with
relation to its vegetative qualities.
Judgment may be made of waters by the foil whereupon
they run. Bacon's Natural Hi/torv.
Her fpots thou fee’ft
As clouds, and clouds may rain, and rain produce
Fruits in her foften’d foil. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
The firft caufe of a kingdom’s thriving is the fruitfulnefs
of the foil, to produce the neceflaries and convcniencies of
life ; not only for the inhabitants, but for exportation. Swifts
3. Land; country.
Dorfet, that with a fearful foul
' Leads difcontented fteps in foreignfoilt
Sol
This fair alliance {hall call home
To high promotions. Shakefpeare.
O unexpected ftrokc, worfe than of death !
Muft I thus leave thee, paradife ! thus leave
Thee, nativefoil! thefe happy walks and {hades;
Fit haunts of gods. Milton.
4.Dung ; compolt.
The haven has been {topped Up by the great heaps of dirt
that the fea has thrown into it; for all the Joil on that fide
of Ravenna has been left there infenfibly by the fea. AddiJ'.
Impiove land by manure* dung, and other fort of foils.
Mortimer s Hujbandry.
Soi'liness. n.f. [fromfoil.] Stain; foulnefs.
Make proof of the incorporation of filver and tin, whether
it yield nofilinefs more than filver. Bacon.
SoTlure. n.f. [fromfoil.] Stain; pollution.
He merits well to have her,
Not making any fcruple of her foilure. Shakefpeare;
To So'journ. v. n. [fejowner, French; feggiornare, Italian.J
To dwell arry where for a time; to live as not at home; td
inhabit as not in a fettled habitation. Almoft out of ufe.
If, till the expiration of your month,
You will return and fojourn with my fifter,
Difinifling half your train, come then to me. Shakefpeare.
1 h’ advantage of his abfence took the king.
And in the mean timefojourn d at my father's. Shakefp.
How comes it he is to Jojourn with you ? how creeps ac¬
quaintance ? Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Here dwells he; though he fojourn every where
In progrefs, yet his {landing houfe is here. Donne.
Thefojourning of Ifrael, who,dwelt in Egypt; was four hun¬
dred and thirty years. Excd. xii. 40.
The foldiers firft affembled at Newcaftle* and therefojourned
three days. . Hayward.
Tofojourn in that land
He comes invited. Milton's Paradife Loft.
He who fojourns in a foreign country, refers what he fees
abroad to the ftate of things at home Atterbury.
So'journ. n.f. [fejour, French, from the verb.] A temporary
refidence ; a cafual and no fettled habitation. This word was
anciently accented on the laft fyllable: Milton accents it indif¬
ferently.
The princes, France and Burgundy,
Long in our court have made their am’fousfojourn. Shakefps
Thee I revifit now,
Efcap’d the Stygian pool, though long detain’d
In that obfcurefojourn. Milton's Paradife Lojl*
Scarce view’d the Galilean towns.
And once a-year Jerufalem, few days
Shortfojourn. Milton's Paradife Regained.
So'journer. n.f. [fromfojourn.] A temporary dweller.
We are ftrangers and fojourners, as were all our fathers:
our days on earth are as a fihadow 1 Cht on. xxix. 16.
Waves o’erthrew
Bufiris, and his Ademphian chivalry,
While with perfidious hatred they purfu’d
Thefojourners of Gofhen. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Not for a night, or quick revolving year*
Welcome an owner, not a fojourner. Dryden.
To So'lace. v. a. [folacier, old French; folazzare* Italian;
folatium, Latin.] To comfort; to cheer; to amufe.
We will with fome ftrange paftimefolace them. Shakefpeare.
The birds with fong
Solac'd the woods. Milton.
To Solace, v.n. To take comfort; to be recreated. The
neutral fenfe is obfolete.
Give me leave to go j
Sorrow would folace, and my age Would eafe; Shak. H. VI.
One poor and loving child,
But one thing to rejoice and folace in,
And cruel death hath catch’d it from my fight. Shakefpeare.
Were they to be rul’d, and not to rule,
This fickly land might folace as before. Shakefp. R. TIF.
So'lace. n.f. [folatium, Latin. Comfort; pleafure; allevia¬
tion; that which gives comfort or pleafure; recreation;
amufement.
If we have that which is meet and right* although they be
glad, we are not to envy them this theirfolace; we do not
think it a duty of ours to be in every fuch thing their tormentors. . Hooker.
Therein fat a lady frelh and fair*
Making fweetJoiace to herfelf alone;
Sometimes {he fung as loud as lark in air,
Sometimes {lie laugh’d, that nigh her breath was o-0ne. F.£K
Great joy he promis’d to his thoughts, and new
Solace in her return Milton's Paradife Lojl,
If I would delight my private hours
With mufick or with poem, where fo foon
As in our native language can I find
Thatfolace? Milton's Paradife Regain'd.
H N! Though
SOL S O L
Though fight be loft,
Life yet hath many Jolaces, enjoy’d
Where other fenfes want not their delights,
At home in leifure and domeftick cafe,
Exempt from many a care and chance, to which^
Eye-fight expofes daily men abroad. Milton s Agonijies.
Through waters, and through flames 111 go, _
Suft ’rer andfiolace of thy woe.
Sola'nder. n.fi [foulandres, Fr.] A difeafe in horfes. Did.
So LAR. 7 ad-' j-fdaire, French ; folaris, Latin.]
OO LARY* 3
1. Being of the fun.
The corpufcles that make up the beams of light btjdary
effluviums, or minute particles of fome ethereal fubftance,
tbrufting on one another from the lucid body. Boyle.
Inftead of golden fruits,
By genial fhow’rs and Jolar heat fupply’d,
Unfufferable Winter hath defac’d
Earth’s blooming charms, and made a barren wafte. Blackm.
2. Belonging to the fun.
ThtTy denominate fome herbs filar, and fome lunar. Bacon.
Scripture hath been pundlual in other records, concerning
fiolary miracles. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
3. Born under or in the predominant influence of the fun.
The cock was pleas’d to hear him fpeak fo fair.
And proud befide, asfiolar people are. Dryden.
4. Meafured by the fun.
The rule to find the moon’s age, on any day of any fiolar
month, cannot fhew precifely an exadb account of the moon,
beCaufe of the inequality of the motions of the fun and moon,
and the number of days of the Jolar months. Holder cnDime.
Sold. The preterite and participle pafflve of fell.
Sold, n.fi [fiouldee, old French. Trevoux.] Military pay;
warlike entertainment.
But were your will her fold to entertain.
And number’d be amongft knights of maidenhead.
Great guerdon, well I wot, fhould you remain.
And in her favour high be reckoned. Fairy FJueen.
So'ldan. n.fi [forfultan.] The emperor of the Turks.
They at thefioldans chair defy’d the beft. Milton.
So'ldanel. n.fi. [Joldanella, Latin.] A plant.
It grows on the Alps, and feveral other mountainous places
of Italy, Germany, and Hungary. They are plants of humble
growth, feldom rifing above fix or eight inches high: their
round leaves grow clofe to the ground, from between which
the flower-ftems arife, each of which have four or five flowers,
of a fine blue colour, or of a fnow-white, which hang down,
and are fhaped like bells. Miller.
To StXLDER. v. a. [fiouder, Fr. fioldare, Ital. fiolidare, Latin.]
See Soder.
1. To unite or fallen with any kind of metallick cement.
A concave fphere of gold, filled with water, andfioldered up,
has, upon preffing the lphere with great force, let the water
fqueeze through it, and ftand all over itsoutfide in multitudes
of finall drops like dew, without burfting or cracking the body
of the gold. Newton s Opt.
7. To mend; to unite any thing broken.
It booteth them not thus tofioldcr up a broken caufe, wnere-
*)f their firft and laft difcourfes will fall afunder. Hooker.
Wars ’twixt you twain would be
As if the world Ihould cleave, and that flain men
Shouldfiolder up the rift. Shakefi Ant. and Cleopatra.
Thou vifible god,
Thatfoidd'rcfil clofe impoflibilities.
And mak’ft them kifs! Shakefip. Timon.
Learn’d he was in med’c’nal lore;
For by his fide a pouch he wore,
Replete with ftrange hermetick powder,
That wounds nine miles point-blank wouldfiolder. Hudibras.
The naked cynick’s jar ne’er flames; if broken,
’Tis quicklyfolder'd, or a new befpoken. Dryd. jun. Juv.
At the Reftoration the prefbyterians, and other fe£ts, did aft
Amite and fiolder up their feveral fchemes, to join againft the
church. Swift.
5o'lder. ri.fi [from the verb.] Metallick cement.
Goldfmiths fay, the coarfeft fluff
Will ferve forfiolder well enough. Swift.
•So'lderer. n.fi. [from folder.] One that folders or mends.
SO'LDlER. n.fi [fioldat, Fr. from fo idarius, low Latin, offiolidus, a piece of money, the pay of a foldier; fiouldee, french.]
1. A fighting man; awarriour. Originally one who ferved for pay.
Your After is the betterfoldier. Shakefi. King Lear.
Good Siward,
A n older and a better foldier none. Shakefip. Macbeth.
A Joldier,
f ull of ftrange oaths, and bearded like a pard.
Jealous in honour, fudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Ev’n in the cannon’s mouth. Shakefpeare.
This attempt
I’mfoldier to, and will abide it with
A prince’s courage. Shakefi. Cymbeline.
I have not yet forgot I am a king:
If I have wrong’d thee, charge me face to face ;
I have not yet forgot I am a foldier. Dryd. Don SAafl'nin.
2. It is generally ufed of the common men, as diftinci from the
commanders.
It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain,
Ihould have been a foldier. Sperfier on Ireland.
So'ldierlike. tadj. [foldier and like.] Martial ; warlike;
So'ldierly. > military; becoming a foldier.
Although at the firft they had fought with beaftly fury rather
than anyfioldierly difeip'ine, practice had now made them com¬
parable to the beft. Sidney.
I will maintain the word with my fword to be a fioldicrUke
word, and a word of good command. Shake]. Henry IV.
They according to a fioldierly cuftom, in cafes of extremity,
by interchange of a kifs by every of them upon the fwords of
others, fealed a refolution to maintain the place Hayward.
Enemies as well as friends confeffed, that it was as fiolaialy
an adlion as had been performed on either fide. C arend n.
Soldiership, n.fi. [from foldier.] Military character ; mar¬
tial qualities behaviour becoming a foldier.
Thy father and myfelf in friendfhip
Firft tried ourJoldierfihip : he did look far
Into the fervice of the time, and was
Difcipled of the brav’ll. . Shak. All's well that ends well.
By fea you throw away
The abfolute fioldierfihip you have by land,
Diftradt your army, which doth moft confift
Of war-mark’d footmen. Shakefpeare.
So'ldiery. n.fi. [fromfoldier.]
1. Body of military men ; foldiers colledlively.
The Memphian fioldiery,
That fwell’d the Erythnan wave, when wall’d.
The unfroze waters marvelloufly flood. Phi’ips.
I charge not the Joldiery with ignorance and contempt of
learning, without allowing exceptions. Swijt.
2. Soldierftiip; martial fkill.
Offering him, if he would exercife his courage in fioldiery,
he w'ould commit fome charge unto him under his lieutenant
Philanax. Sidney.
Sole. n.fi. [fiolum, Latin.]
1. The bottom of the foot.
I will only be bold with Benedict for his company; for
from the crown of his head to the foie of his foot he is all
mirth. Shakefip. Much Ado about Nothing.
Tickling is moft in the foies of the feet: the caufe is the
rarenefs of being touched there. Bacon's Nat. FUJIory.
. Thefoals of the feet have great affinity with the head and
the mouth of the ftomach; as going vvet-Ihod, to thofe that
ufe it not, affeftetb both. Bacons Natural Hifilory.
Such refting feund thefiole of unbleft feet. Milton.
In the make of the camel’s foot, the fo e is flat and broad,
being very flelhy, and covered only with a thick, foft, and
fomewhat callous fkin; but very fit to travel in fandy places.
Ray on the Creation.
2. The foot.
To redeem thy woful parent’s head
From tyrant’s rage and ever-dying dread.
Haft wander’d through the world now long a day.
Yet ceafeft not thy wearyfoies to lead. Fairy ^ueen.
3. The bottom of the fhoe.
Nay, gentle Romeo, we muft have you dance.
—Not I, believe me: you have dancing fhoes,
With nimble foies. Shakefip. Romeo and "Juliet.
A trade that, I hope, I may ufe with a fafe confcience ;
which is, indeed, fir, a mender of bad foies.
Shakefpeare's Julius Ceefiar.
On fortune’s cap we are not the very button.—Nor thefoies
of her fhoe. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
The caliga was a military fhoe, with a very thick/o/c, tied
above the inftep with leather thongs. Arbathnot on Ccins.
4. The part of any thing that touches the ground.
The ftrike-block is a plane fhorter than the jointer, having
itsfiole made exadlly flat and ftraight, and is ufed for the fhooting of a Iliort joint. Mcxons Mech. Excr.
Elm is proper for mills,foies of wheels, and pipes. Mortim.
5. A kind of fea-fifh.
Of flat fifh, rays, thornbacks, fides, and flovvks. Carew.
To Sole. v. a. [from the noun.] To furnifh with foies: as,
tofiole a pair of Ihoes.
His feet werefioled with a treble tuft of a clofe fhort tawnev
down. Crew's Mufiaum.
SOLE. adj. [fid, old French; fiolus, Latin.]
Single; Only. , . r. . ,
Take not upon thee to be judge alone: there is no//,judge
but only one : fay not to others, receive my fentence, when
their authority is above thine. . c .. 00,tf"
Orpheus every where exprefled the infinite end fiole power of
ie God, though he ufed the name of Jupiter. Raleigh.
To me ft) all be the gloryfiole among
't ip infernal now’rs. Alton's Taradife Left.
one
A rattling
SOL SOL
A rattling; temped through the brandies went.
That (tripp’d them bare, and one foie way they rent. Dryd.
He, fie in power, at the beginning Laid,
Let fea an J air, and earth and heav’n be made:
And it was (b;' and when he (hall ordain
In other fort, has but to (peak again,
And they (hall be no more. Prior.
2.[In law.] Not married.
Some others are (uch as a man cannot make his wife,
though he himfelf be foie and unmarried. -dlyliffe.
Solecism, n.f [ <roA<ma<r(uoV. ] Unfitnefs of one word to
another; impropriety in language. A barbarjfm may be in
one word, a folecifm mud: be of more.
There is fcarce afolecifm in writing which the bed author is
not guilty of, if we be at liberty to read him in the words of
fome manufeript. Jddifon.
So'lely. odv. [fromfoie.] Singly; only.
You knew my father well, and in him me,
Leftfolely heir to all his lands. Sbak. 'Taming ofthe Shrew.
This night’s great bufinefs
Shall to all our nights and days to come
Give folely fovereign fway and maderdom. Shakefpeare.
T hat the intemperate heat of the clime folely occafions this
complexion, experience admits not. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
"I his truth is pointed chiefly, if notfolely, upon Tinners of
the firft rate, who have call: off all regard for piety. Atterbury.
SO'LEMN. adj. [folemnel> French; Jolemnis, Latin.]
1. Anniverfary ; obferved once a year with religious ceremonies.
The worfliip of this image was advanced, and a folemn fupplication obferved every year. Stillingfeet.
2. Religioufly grave.
His holy rites and folemn feads profan’d. Milton.
3. Awful; driking with ferioufnefs.
Then’gan he loudly through the houfe to call.
But no one care to anfwer to his cry;
There reigned a folemn filence over all. Fairy Vfucen.
To ’fwage with folemn touches troubled thoughts. Milt.
Nor then thefolemn nightingale ceas’d warbling. Milton.
4. Grave; affe&edly ferious.
When Steele reflects upon the many folemn drong barriers
to our fucceffion of laws and oaths, he thinks all fear vanifheth: fo do I,,provided the epithet folemn goes for nothing;
becaufe though I have heard of afolemn day, and afolemn cox¬
comb, yet I can conceive no idea of afolemn barrier. Swift.
Solemnity. \ ^ {jolemmte'French > folemn.]
1. Ceremony or rite annually performed.
Great was the caufe; our old folemnities
From no blind zeal or fond tradition rife;
But, fav’d from death, our Argives yearly pay
Thefe grateful honours to the god of day. Pope.
2. Religious ceremony.
3. Awful ceremony or proceflion.
The lady Condance,
Some fpeedy meffenger bid repair
To ourfolemnity. Shakefp. King John.
The moon, like to a diver bow.
New bent in heaven, (hall behold the night
Of ourfolemnities. Shakefpeare.
There may be great danger in udng fuch compodtions in
churches, at arraignments, plays, and folemnities. Bacon.
What fun’ral pomp (hall floating Tiber fee,
When ridng from his bed he views the fadfolemnity ! Dryd.
Though the forms and folemnities of the lad judgment may
bear fome refemblance to thofe we are acquainted with here,
yet the rule of proceeding (hall be very different. Atterbury.
4. Manner of adting awfully ferious.
With much more (kilful cruelty, and horrible folemnity, he
caufed each thing to be prepared for his triumph of tyranny. Sid.
5. Gravity; deady ferioufnefs.
1 he datelinefs and gravity of the Spaniards (hews itfelf in
the folemnity of their language. Addifens Spectator.
6. Awful grandeur; grave datelinefs; fober dignity.
A diligent decency was inPolycletus, above others; to whom
though the highed praife be attributed by the mod, yet fome
think he wanted folemnefs. Wotton s Architecture.
7. AffeCted gravity.
Fr’ythee, Virgilia, turn thyfolemnefs out o’door.
And go along with us. Shakcfp. Coriolanus.
This fpeech ended with a folemnity of accent. Fern. Quixote.
Soi.emniza’tion. n.f. [from folemnize.] The a£t of folemnizing; celebration.
Soon followed the folemnization of the marriage between
Charles and Anne dutchefs of Bretagne, with whom he re¬
ceived the dutchy of Bretagne. Bacon s HenryWl
To So'eemnize. v. a. [Jolemnifer, French ; from feletnn.]
1.To dignify by particular formalities; to celebrate.
Dorilaus in a great battle was deprived of life; his obfequies
being no mortfolemnized by the tears of his partakers than the
blood of his enemies. Sidney.
Baptifm to be adminidred in one place, and marriage folemnizcd in another. Hooker.
Then ’gan they fprinkle all the parts with wine,
And made great lead tofolemnize that day. Fairy ffieeri.
The multitude of the celedial hod were heard to folemnizi
his miraculous birth. Boyle's Se> aphick Love,
Their choice nobility and flower
Met from all parts tofolemntze this fead. Milton's Agonifl.
2.To perform religioufly once a year.
What commandment the Jews had to celebrate their fead
of dedication is never fpoken of in the law, yetJolemnized
even by our Saviour himfelf. Hooker.
£o'lemnly. adv. [from folemn.]
1. With annual religious ceremonies.
2. With formal gravity and datelinefs.
There are, in points of wifdom and fufficicncy, that do
nothing or little veryfolemnly. Bacon’s EJfays.
3. With formal date.
Let him land.
Andfolemnly fee him fet on to London. Shakefp. If. V.
4. With affeCted gravity.
The miniders of date, who gave us latv.
In corners, with feleCted friends, withdraw;
There in deaf murmursfolemnly are wife,
Whifp’ring like winds, ere hurricanes arife. Dryden,
5. With religious ferioufnefs.
To demondrate how much men are blinded by their own
partiality, I dofolemnly affure the reader, that he is the only
perfon from whom I ever heard that objection. Swift.
To SOLFCIT. v. a. \_folicito) Latin.]
I. To importune; to intreat.
If you bethink yourfelf of any crime,
Unreconcil’d as yet to heav’n and grace.
Solicit for it draight. Shakefp. Othelle.
We heartily folicit
Your gracious felf to take on you the charge
And kingly government of this your land. Shak. R. III.
How he folicits heav’n
Himfelf bed knows ; but drangely vifited people.
The mere defpair of furgery, he cures. Shakefpeare,
This in obedience hath my daughter (hewn me.
And, more above, hath hisfolicitings,
As they fell out by time, by means and place,
All given to mine ear. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Did I requed thee, Maker ! from my clay.
To mold me man ? Did Ifolicit thee
From darknefs to promote me ? Milt. Par. Lofl, l. x.
The guardian of my faith fo falfe did prove.
As tofolicit me with lawlefs love. Drydens Aurengzebe,
2. To call to action; to fummon; to awake; to excite.
This fupernaturalfoliciting
Cannot be ill, cannot be good. Sh'akef. Macbeth%
Solicit Henry with her wond’rous praife;
Bethink thee on her virtues that furmount
Her nat’ral graces, that extinguifh art. Shakefp. H. VI.
That fruitfolicited her longing eye. Milton.
Sounds and fome tangible qualitiesfolicit their proper fenfes,
and force an entrance to the mind. Locke.
He isfolicited by popular cudom to indulge himfelf in for¬
bidden liberties. Rogers’s Sermons.
3. To implore; to alk.
With that (he wept again, ’till he againfoliciting the conclufion of her dory, then mud you, faid (he, know the dory of
Amphialus. Sidney.
4. To attempt; to try to obtaih.
I view my crime, but kindle at the view*
Repent old pleafures, and folicit new. Pope.
5. Todidurb; to difquiet. A Latinifm.
Solicit not thy thoughts with matters hid. Milton.
I find your love, and would reward it too;
But anxious fearsfolicit my weak bread. Dryd. Span. Fryar.
Solicitation, n.f. fromfolicit.]
1. Importunity; a£t of importuning.
I can produce a man
Of female feed, far abler to redd:
All hisfelicitations^ and at length
All his vad force, and drive him back to hell. Parad. Reg*
2. Invitation; excitement.
Children are furrounded with new things, which, by a condant felicitation of their fenfes, draw the mind condantly to
r them- Locke,
Soli citor. n.f [fromfolicit.]
1. One who petitiohs for another.
Be merry, Calfio;
For thy fellcitor (hall rather die;
Than give thy caufe away. Shakefp. Othello,
Honed minds wdl confider poverty as a recommendation in
the perfon who applies himfelf to them, and make the judice
of hls caufe the mod powerfulfeVcitor in his behalf. Addfen.
2. One who does in Chancery the bufinefs which is done by
attorneys in other courts.
I1 or the king s attorney and fellcitor general, their continual
ufe for the king s fervice requires men every way fit. Bacon.
SOLFCITOUS.
SOL
SOLICITOUS. ml,. [filkim, Latin. ] Anxious; Careful;
concerned. It has commonly about before that which cau e*
anxiety; fometimes/ar or of. For is proper before fomet ring
to be obtained.
Out hearts are pure, when we are notfolicitous of the opi¬
nion and cenfures of men, but only that we do our duty. layl.
Enjoy the prefent, whatfoever it be, and be notfor
the future Taylor's Rule of living holy.
The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not
enough folicitous to finifh the fortifications. aren^ on.
In providing money for dilbanding the armies, upon which
they were marveloufiyfolicitous, there arofe a queftion. Clarend.
They who were in truth zealous for the prefervation of the
laws, were folicitous to preferve the king’s honour from any
indignity, and his regal power from violation. Clarendon.
Laud attended on his majefty, which he would have been
excufedfrom, if that defign had not been in view, to accomplifh which he wasfolicitous for his advice. Clarendon.
There kept their watch the legions, while the grand
In council fat, folicitous what chance
Might intercept their emperour fent. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Without fign of boaft, or fign of joy,
Solicitous and blank, he thus began. Milton's Parad. Reg.
No man isfolicitous about the event of that which he has in
his power to difpofe of. South s Sermons.
You have not only been careful of my fortune, the effect
of your noblenefs, but you have been folicitous of my reputa¬
tion, which is that of your kindnefs. Dryden.
The tender dame, folicitous to know
Whether her child fhould reach old age or no,
Confults the fage Tirefias. Addifon.
Solicitously, adv. [from flicitous.] Anxioufly; carefully.
The medical art being converfant about the health and life
of man, dodb inal errours in it are to befolicitoufyavoided. Boyle.
He would furely have as folicitoufy promoted their learning,
as ever he obftrudted it. Decay ofPiety.
Solicitude, n.f. [foliciiudo, Latin.] Anxiety; carefulnefs.
In this, by comparifon, we behold the many cares and great
labours of worldly men, their folicitude and outward (hews,
and publick oftentation, their pride, and vanities. Raleigh.
If they would but provide for eternity with the fame folicitude, and real care, as they do for this life, they could not fail
of heaven. Tillotfon's Sermons.
They are to be known by a wonderfulfolicitude for the re¬
putation of their friends. Tatler.
Soli'citRess. n.f. [Feminine offolicitorf] A woman who
petitions for another.
I had the moft earneftfolicitrfs, as well as the faireft ; and
nothing could be refufed to my lady Hyde. Dryden.
SO'LlD. adj. [folidus, Latin ; foiide, French.]
1. Not liquid; not fluid.
Land that ever burn’d
With [olid, as the lake with liquid fire. Milton.
2. Not hollow; full of matter; compadi; denfe.
I hear his thund’ring voice refound.
And trampling feet that fhake thefolid ground. Dryden.
3. Having all the geometrical dimenfions.
In a Jolid foot are 1728 folid inches, weighing 76 pound of
rain water. Arbuthnot on Coins.
4. Strong; firm.
The duke’s new palace is a noble pile built after this man¬
ner, which makes it look veryfolid and majeftick. Addifon.
5. Sound; not weakly. #
If perfons devote themfelves to fcience* they ihould be well
allured of afolid and ftrong conftitution of body, to bear the
fatigue. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
6. Real; not empty ; true; not fallacious.
This might fatisfy fober and wife men, not With foft and
fpecious words, but with pregnant and folid reafons. K. Charles.
The earth may of folid good contain
More plenty than the fun. Milton.
7. Not light; not fuperficial; grave; profound.
Thefe, wanting wit, affeift gravity, and go by the name of
folid men; and aJolid man is, in plain Englifh, z.Jolid folemn
fool. Dryden.
So'lid. n.f. [In phyfick.] The part containing the fluids.
The firft and moft fimple folids of our body are perhaps
merely terreftrial, and incapable ol any change or difeafe. Arb.
Soli'dity. n.f. [folidite, Fr Joliditas, Lat. fromfolid.]
j. Fulnefs of matter; not hollownefs.
2. firmnefs; hardnefs; compadlnefs; denfity.
1 hat which hinders the approach of two bodies, when
they are moving one towards another, I callJolidity Locke.
The ftone itfclf, whether naked or inverted with earth, is
not by its folidity fecured, but walhcd down. IVoodivard.
3. Truth; not fallacioufnefs; intelledual ftrength; certainty.
The moft known rules are placed in fo beautiful alight, that
they have all the graces of novelty; and make the reader, who
was before acquainted with them, ftill more convinced of their
truth and folidity. Addifon's Spectator.
SOL %
His fellow-peers have attended to his eloquence, and have
been convinced by the folidity of his realoning. Prior.
So'lidly. adv. [fromfolid.]
1. Firmly; denfely; compadly.
2. Truly ; on good grounds.
A complete brave man ought to knowfolid/y the main end
he is in the world for. L)igby.
I look upon this as a fufficient ground for any rational man
to take up his religion upon, and which I defy the lubtleft
atheift in the world folidly to anfwer; namely, that it is good
to be fure. South.
So'lidness. n.f. [fromfolid.] Solidity; firmnefs; denfity.
It beareth miffeltoe: the caufe may be the clofenefs and
folidnefs of the wood and pith of the oak. Bacon.
It is built with that unufualfolidnefs,that it feems he intended
to make a facrifice to perpetuity, and to conteft with the iron
teeth of time. HowePs Vocal Forefl.
Soljdu'nguloUS. adj. [folidus and ungula, Latin ] Wholehoofed.
It is fet down by Ariftotle and Pliny, that an horfe and all
folidungulous or whole-hoofed animals have no gall, which we
find repugnant unto reafon. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Solifi'dian. n.f. [folus and fides, Latin.] One who fuppofes
only faith, not works, neceffary to juftification.
It may be juftly feared, that the title of fundamentals, being
ordinarily confined to the doctrines of faith, hath occafioned
that great fcandal in the church of God, at which fo many
myriads of folifdians have ftumbled, and fallen irreverfibly,
by conceiving heaven a reward of true opinions. Hammond.
SoLI'loquy. n.f. [J'oliloque, Fr. folus and loquor, Lat.j A difcourfe made by one in folitude to himfelf.
The whole poem is a foliloquy: Solomon is the perfon that
fpeaks: he is at once the hero and the author; but he tells us
very often what others fay to him. Prior.
He finds no refpite from his anxious grief,
Then feeks from hisfoliloquy relief. Garth's Difpenfatory.
If I fhould own myfelf in love, you know lovers are always
allowed the comfort offoliloquy. Spectator.
So'lipede. n.f. [folus andpedes, Lat.] An animal whofe feet
are not cloven.
Solipedes, or firm footed animals, as horfes, afles, and
mules, are in mighty number. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Solita'ire. n.f. [fotitaire, French.]
1. A reclule; a hermit.
Often have I been going to take poffellion of tranquillity,
when your converfation has fpoiled me for a folitaire. Pope.
2. An ornament for the neck.
So'litarily. adv. [fromJolitary.] In folitude; with lonelinefs; without company.
How fhould that fubfift folitarily by itfelf, which hath no
fubftance, but individually the very fame whereby others fubfift with it. Hooker.
Feed thy people with thy rod, the flock of thine heritage,
which dwellfolitarily in the wood. Mic. vii. 14.
So'litariness. n.f. [from folitary.] Solitude; forbearance
of company; habitual retirement.
There is no caufe to blame the prince for fometimes hear¬
ing them : the blame-worthinefs is, that to hear them he rather
goes tofolitarinefs than makes them come to company. Sidney.
You fubjedf yourfelf tofolitannejs, the fly enemy that doth
moft feparate a man from well doing. Sidney.
At home in wholfome folitarinefs,
My piteous foul began the wretchednefs
Of fuitors at the court to mourm Donne.
SOLITARY. adj: [folitaire, French ; folitarius, Latin.]
1. Living alone; not having company,
Thofe rare and Jolitary, thefe in flocks. Milton.
Satan explores hisJolitary flight. Milton.
Him fair Lavinia
Shall breed in groves to lead afolitary life. Dryden's Ain.
2. Retired ; remote from company.
In refped that it is folitary, I like it very well; but in refpedl
that it is private, it is a very vile life. Sbakef eare.
3. Gloomy; difmal.
Let that night b&folitary, let nojoyful voice come therein. Job.
4. Single.
Nor did a folitary vengeance ferve : the cutting off one head
is not enough; the eldeft fon rauft be involved. K. Cha’ies.
Relations alternately relieve each other, their mutual con¬
currences fupporting theirfolitary inftabilities. Brown.
So'ljtary. n.f. [from the adjedtive.] One that lives a one;
an hermit. , „ r ,.f .
You deferibe fo well your heremitical ftate of life, that
none of the ancient anchorites could go eyon you, ^)r *
cave, with a fpring, or any of the accommodations that befit
So'wtude. n.f [folitude, French; folifudo, Latin.]
1 Lonelv life; ftate of beinSalone< . , ,
* It had been hard to have put more truth and untruth toge¬
ther in few words, than in that fpeech ; whofoever is delighted
withfolitude, is either a wild beaft or a god. h*„n.
3
Bacon.
Wha
SOL
What call'ft thoufolitude? Is not the earth
With various living creatures, and the air,
Replenilh’d, and all thefe at thy command
To come, and play before thee ? Milton's Paradife Lojl.
Such only can enjoy the country who are capable of think¬
ing when they are there: then they are prepared forfolitude,
and in thatfolitude is prepared for them. Dryder..
2.A lonely place; a delert.
Sc/llar. n.f [ folanum, low Latin. ] A garret.
Some tkilful'y dricth their hops on a kel.
And fome on a foliar, oft turning them wel.
SC/LO. n.f [Italian.] A tune played by a fingle inftrument.
So'lomon’j Loaf. n.J. A plant.
So'lomon’i Seal. n.f. [polygonatum, Lat.] A plant.
SOTS I ICE. n.f [folftice, French; Joftilium, Latin.]
1. The point beyond which the fun does not go; the tropical
point; the point at which the day is longeft in Summer, or
fhorteft in Winter.
2. It is taken of itfelf commonly for the Summer folftice.
1 he fun, afeending unto the northern figns, begetteth fir!!
a temperate heat in the air, which by his approach unto the
Joftice he intendeth, and by continuation increafetb the fame
even upon declination. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Let the plowmen’s prayer
Be for mciftfoIfices, and Winters fair. May's Virgil.
Solsti tial, adj. [ folflicial, French ; fromfolflice. J
1. Belonging to the folftice.
Obferving the dog-days ten days before and after the equi¬
noctial andjoljlitial points, by this obfervation alone, are ex¬
empted a hundred days. Browns Vulgar Errours.
2. Happening at the folftice.
From the North to call
Decrepit Winter} from the South to bring
Solftitial Summer’s heat. Miltons Paradife Loft.
The fields labour’d with thirft ; Aquarius had not ftied
His wonted ihowers, and Sirius parch’d with heat
Solftitial the green herbs. Philips.
So'lvible. adj. \fxom folve.~\ Poftible to be cleared by reafen
or inquiry.
IntelleCffve memory I call an aC! of the intelle&ive faculty,
becaufe it is wrought by it, though I do not inquire how or
where, becaufe it is notfolvible. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Soluble, adj. [folubilis, Latin.] Capable of diifolution or
reparation of parts.
Sugar is afal oleofum, being foluble in water and fufible in
^re* f Arbuthnot.
Solubi lity. n.f. [trom foluble.J Sufceptivenefs of repara¬
tion of parts.
This cannot account for the indiflolvable coherence of fome
bodies, and the fragility and folubilityof others. Glanv. Scepf
To SOLVE, v.a. [folvo, Latin.] To clear} to explain} to
untie an intellectual knot.
He would folve high difpute
With conjugal careffes. Milton.
Do thou, my foul, the deftin’d period wait.
When God Ihallfolve the dark decrees of fate }
His now unequal difpenfations clear.
And make all wife and beautiful appear. Tickell.
It is mere trilling to raife objections, merely for the
fake of anfwering and folving them. fFatts.
So'lvency. n.f. [fromfolvent ] Ability to pay.
SO'LVENT. adj. [folvens, Latin.]
i. Having the power to caule diflblution.
When diffolved in water, it is not by the eye diftingui(liable from theJolvent body, and appears as fluid. Boyle.
2- Able to pay debts contracted.
So'lund-goose. n.f. A fowl.
A folund-goofe is in bignefs and feather very like a tame
goofe, but his bill longer, and fomewhat pointed} his wine;s
alfo much longer, being two yards over. Grew.
A Scot, when from the gallow-tree let loofe,
Drops into Styx, and turns afoland-goofe. Cleaveland.
Solu tion, pi.j. [jolution,^rench ; Jolutio^ Latin.J
1. Ddiuption ; breach} disjunction} feparation.
In all bodies there is an appetite of union, and evitation of
fdution of continuity. Bacon's Nat. Hiftory.
2. Matter diftblved } that which contains anything diffolved.
Aretreus, to procure fleep, recommends a Jolution of opium
in water to foment the forehead. Arbuthnot on Coins.
When fait of Tartar per deliquium, poured into the foluthn
of any metal, precipitates the metal, and makes it fall down
to the bottom of the liquor in the form of mud, does not this
argue that the acid particles are attraCled more ftronpjy bv the
fait of tartar than by the metal, and by the ftronger attraction
go from the metal to the fait of tartar l Newton's Opt.
3. Refolution of a doubt} removal of an intelleClual difficulty.
Something yet of doubt remains,
Which only thyJolution can refolve. Milton's Parad. Lojl.
I hey give the reins to wand’ring thoughts,
Till by their own perplexities involv’d
They ravel more, ftill lefs refolv’d,
But never find kWhtisifmgfolution. Milton's Agoniflcs.
SOM
With hope and fear
The woman did the riewfolution heat*
The man diffides in his own augury.
And doubts. Drydett*
This will inftrilC! yoil to give a plainerfolution of any diffi¬
culties that may attend the theme, and refute objections. IVatts*
So'lutive. adj. [fromfolvo, Latin.] Laxative} eaufing re¬
laxation.
Though it would not be fo abfterfive, opening, and folutive
as mead, yet it will be more lenitive in fharpdifeafes. Bacon*
Somato'logy. n.f. [crufx and xfyoo. J The doCtrine of
bodies.
Some. A termination of many adjeCtiVes, which denote qua¬
lity or property of any thing. It is generally joined with a
fubftantive: as gamefome. [faam, Dutch.]
SOME. adj. [pom, pum, Saxon} fums, Gothick} ftm, Germ.
fom, Danilh } fom,fommig, Dutch.]
1. More or lefs, noting an indeterihinate quantity.
We landed fome hundred meri, where we found fome frefh
water. Raleigh.
2. More or fewer, noting an indeterminate number.
Let me leave Jome of the folk that are with nie. Gen. xxxiii.
Firft go with me fome few of you, and fee the place, and
how it may be made convenient for you} and then fend for
your lick. _ Bacon.
3. Certain perfons. Some is often ufed abfolutely for fome people}
part.
Some to the fhores do fly.
Some to the woods, or whither fear advis’d }
But running from, all to deftruCtion hye. Daniel.
Not in the neighbouring moon asfme have dream’d. Milt*
Your edictsfome reclaim from fins,
But moft your life and bleft example wins. Dryden*
4. Some is oppofed to fome, or to others.
It may be that the queen’s treafure, in fo great occafions of
difburfements, is not always fo ready} but being paid as it is,
nowfome, and thenfome, it is no great impoveriihment to her
coffers. Spenfer on Ireland,
5. It is added to a number, to Ihow that the number is uncertain
and conjectural.
Being encountered with a ftrong ftorm fome eight leagues
to the weftward of Scilly, I held it the office of a commander
to take a port. Raleigh.
At the higher end of a creek Milbrook lufketh between
two hills, a village of fome eighty houfes. Carew.
Old mens fpirits vifual, contrary to thofe of purblind men,
unite not, but when the objeCt is at fome good diftance. Bacon*
Sir Edward Poinings, after he had continued at Sluice fome
good while, returned unto the king, then before Buloigne. Bac.
The number flain on the rebels part were fome two thou-
^"ancl- Bacon.
He bore away the prize to the admiration offome hun-
^re^s* Addifon.
Your good-natur’d gods, they fay,
Defcend fome twice or thrice a day. Prior*
Paint, patches, jewels laid afide,
At night aftronomers agree,
The evening has the day bely’d.
And Phyllis isfome forty-three. Prior.
6. One} any without determining which.
The pilot of fome fmall night founder’d Ikiff. Milton*
So'mebody. yi. f. [Jome and body.]
1. One} not nobody ; a perfon indiferiminate and undetermined.
O that firJohn were come, he Would make this a bloody
day to fomebody. . Shakefp. Henry IV.
Jefus faid fomebody hath touched me} for I perceive that vir¬
tue is gone out of me. Lu. viii. 46.
If there be a tacit league, it is again!! fomewhat or
fomebody: who Ihould they be ? Is it again!! wild beafts ? No.
It is again!! fuch routs and !hoals of people as have utterly
degenerated from the laws of nature. Bacon.
We muft draw in fomebody, that mav ftand
’Twixt us and danger. . ' Denham's Sophy*
1 he hopes that what he has muft come to fomebody, and
that he has no heirs, have that effeC!, that he has every day
three or four invitations. Addifon's Spectator*
2. A perfon of confideration.
Theudas rofe up, boafting hlmfelf to be fomebody. Abis v.
So'medeal. adv. [pumoeal, Saxon.] In foflis degree. Cbfolete.
Siker now I fee thou fpeak’ft of fpite.
All for thou lackeftjomedele their delight. Sbenr
SoWrsault. )„./ [Somerfet is the corruption, Ssntmci i
So merset. $ beam, and fault. French, a leap ! A lean
ovc7h‘is he-Jumper thr0WS himfelf f‘0m a bcam> turn*
SOmtEho°w ' ^ One way or other; I know
The velicular cells may be for receivine; the arterial and
nervous juices, that, by their a£Hon upon one another, thee
may e welled fomehow^ to as to thorten the length of every
hbnl* Cheyne*
24 O Something,
SOM SON
Something, n.f. [punrSing, Saxon.]
I.Not nothing, though it appears not what j a thing or matter
indeterminate.
When fierce Bavar
Did from afar the Britifh chief behold,
Betwixt defpair and rage, and hope and pain,
Something within his warring bofom roll’d. Prior.
The force of the air upon the pulmonary artery is but
fmall, in refpedt of that of the heart; but it is (till fomething. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
You’ll fay the whole world ha«fomething to do, fomething to
talk of, fomething to with for, and fmething to be employed
about; but pray put all thefefometbings together, and what is
the fum total butjuft nothing. Popes Letters.
Here fhe beholds the chaos dark and deep.
Where namelefsfomethings in their caufes fleep. Pope.
2. More or lefs. _
Something yet of doubt remains. Milton.
Years following years ftealfomething ev’ry day,
Atleaft they fteal us from ourfelves away. Pope.
3. Part.
Something of it arifes from our infant ftate. Watts.
4. Diftance not great.
I will acquaint you with the perfect fpy o’ th’ time ; for’t
muft be done to-night, and fomething from the palace. Shakefp.
So'mething. adv. In fome degree.
The pain went away upon it; but he was fomething dis¬
couraged by a new pain falling fome days after upon his elbow
on the other fide. Temple.
So'metime. adv. [fome and time.] Once; formerly.
What art thou that ufurp’ft this time of night,
Together with that fair and warlike form.
In which the majefty of buried Denmark
Did fometime march ? Shakefp. Hamlet.
Good fometime queen, prepare thee hence for France. Sh.
So'metjmes. adv. [fome and times.]
1. Not never; now and then; at one time or other.
’Twill render me more equal, fometime fuperior. Milton.
It is good that we fometlmes be contradicted, and that we
always bear it well ; for perfect peace cannot be had in this
world. Taylor.
2. At one time, oppofed to fometimes, or to another time.
The body paffive is better wrought upon at fometimes than
at others. Bacon s Natural Hi/lory.
Sometimes the one, and fometimes the other, may be glanced
upon in thefe fcripture descriptions. Burnet.
He writes not always of a piece, butfometimes mixes trivial
things with thofe of greater moment: fometimes alfo, though
not often, he runs riot, and knows not when he has faid
enough. Dryden’s Fables, Prefaces
Eo'mewhat. n.f [fome and what.]
1. Something; not nothing, though it be uncertain what.
Upon the fea fomewhat methought did rife
Like blueifh mifts. 'Dryden s Indian Emperor.
He that fhuts his eyes againft a fmall light, on purpofe to
avoid the fight of fomewhat that difpleafes him, would, for
the fame reafon, fhut them againft the fun. Atterbury.
5. More or lefs.
Concerning every of thefe, fomewhat Chrift hath com¬
manded, which muft be kept’till the world’s end: on the con¬
trary fide, in every of themfomewhat there may be added, as
the church judges it expedient. Hooker.
Thefe falts have fomewhat of a nitrous tafte, but mixt with
a fmatch of vitriolick. Grew.
3. Part greater or lefs.
Somewhat of his good fenfe will fuffer in this transfufion,
and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be loft. Dryden.
So'mewhat. adv. In iome degree.
Holding of the breath doth help fomewhat to ceafe the hic¬
cough. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
He isfomewhat arrogant at his firft entrance, and is too inquifitive through the whole; yet thefe imperfections hinder
not our companion. Dryden.
So'mewhere. adv. [fome and ivhere.] In one place or other;
not nowhere.
Hopelefs and forelorn
They are return’d, and fomewhere live obfeurely. Denham.
Comprelfing two prifms hard together, that their fides,
which by chance were a very little convex, mightfomewhere
touch one another, I found the place in which they touched to
become abfolutcly tranfparent, as if they had there been one
continued piece of glafs. Newton’s Opt.
Does fomething ftill, andfomewhere yet remain,
Reward or punilhment ? Prior.
Ol the dead we muft fpeak gently; and therefore, as Mr.
Dryden faysfomewhere, peace be to its manes. Pope.
So'mewhile. n.f [fome and while.] Once; for a time. Out
of ufe.
Though under colour of the Oxherdsfomewhile.
There crept in wolves full of fraud and guile,
That often devoured their own Iheep,
And often the Ihepherd that did ’em keep. Spenfer’s Pajl.
Somniferous, adj. [ fomufere, Fr. fomnifer, Latin.] Caufing
fleep ; procuring fleep; loperiferous ; dormitive.
I wilh for fome J'omniferous potion, that might force me to
fleep away the intermitted time, as it does with men in fur¬
row. Walton’s Angler.
Somni'fick. adj. [fomnus and faeio, Latin.] Cauimg fleep.
So'mnolency. n.f [fomnolentia, Latin.] Sleepinefs; incli¬
nation to fleep.
SON. n.f. [Junus, Gothick; puna, Saxon; fohn, German;
fon, Swedifh; fone, Dutch; fyn, Sclavonian.J
1. A male born of one or begotten by one; correlative to father
or mother.
She had a fon for her cradle, ere fhe had a hufband for her
bed. Shakefp. King Lear.
Caft out this bondwoman and herfon. Gen. xxi. 10.
He compares the afte£lion of the Divine Being to the indul¬
gence of a wife father, who would have hisJons exerciftd with
labour and pain, that they may gather ftrength. Addifon.
2. Defcendant however diftant: as, the^r of Adam.
I am thefon of the wife, the fon of ancient kings. If. xix.
3. Compellation of an old to a young man, or of a confellbr to
his penitent.
Be plain, goodfon, and homely in thy drift;
Riddling confeflion finds but riddling thrift. Shakefpcare.
4. Native of a country.
Britain then
Sees arts her favageJons controul. Pope.
5. The fecond perfon of the Trinity.
If thou be the fon of God, come down. Mat. xxvii. 40.
6. Produdl of any thing.
Our imperfections prompt our corruption, and loudly tell
us we are /ons of earth. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Earth’s tall fans, the cedar, oak, and pine,
Their parents undecaying ftrength declare. Blackmore.
7. In fcripture, fans of pride, and fons of light, denoting fome
quality. ’Tis a Hebraifm.
This new fav’rite
Of heav’n, this man of clay, fon of defpite. Milton.
Son-in-law. n.f. One married to one’s daughter.
If virtue no benighted beauty lack,
Yourfon-in-law is far more fair than black. Shak. Othello.
A foreignfon-in-law fhall come from far,
-Whofe race fhall bear aloft the Latian name. Dryd. JEn.
So'nship. n.f. [from fon.] Filiation; the character of a fon.
The apoftle to the Hebrews makes afflictions not only in¬
cident but neceflary to Chriftianity, the badge and cognizance
offonjhip. Decay of Piety.
SONATA. n.f. [Italian.] A tune.
He whittled a Scotch tune, and an Italian fonata. Addijon.
Could Pedro, think you, make no trial
Of a fonata on his viol,
Unlefs he had the total gut.
Whence every firing at firft was cut. Prior.
SONG, n.f [from gepungen, Saxon.]
1. Any thing modulated in the utterance.
Noife other than the found of dance and fong. Milton.
He firft thinks fit no fonnetter advance
His cenfure farther than the fong or dance. Dryden:
2. A poem to be modulated by the voice; a ballad.
Pardon, goddefs of the night,
Thofe that flew thy virgin knight;
For the which, with fongs of woe,
Round about his tomb they go ! Shakefpcare.
In her days ev’ry man fhall fing
The merryfongs of peace to all his neighbours. Sh. H. VIII.
3. A poem ; lay; ftrain.
The bard that firft adorn’d our native tongue,
Tun’d to his Britifti lyre this ancientfong. Dryden.
4. Poetry; poefy.
This fubjeCt for heroickfong pleas’d me. Milton.
Names memorable long.
Pope.
Dryden.
If there be force in virtue, or in fong.
5. Notes of birds.
The lark, the meffenger of day.
Saluted in herJong the morning grey.
6. An old Song. A trifle.
I do not intend to be thus put off with an oldfong. Mere.
A hopeful youth, newly advanced to great honour, was
forced by a cobler to refign all for an old fong. Ad'Ufon.
So'ngish. adj. [from fong.] Containing fongs; confuting of
fongs. A lowf word.
The fongijb part muft: abound in the foftnefs and variety of
numbers, its intention being to pleafe the hearing. Dryden.
So'ngster. n.f. [from fong.] A linger. Uled of human
fingers, it is a word of flight contempt.
The prettyfoneflers of the Spring with their various notes
did feem to welcome him as he palled. Bowel.
Somefongfters can no more fing in any chamber but their
own, than fome clerks read in any book but their own UEJlr.
* Eitherfongjler holding out their throats.
And folding up their wings, renew’d their notes. Dryden.
2
So'ngstress.
s o o s o o
Songstress, n.f. [fromJong.] A female finger
Through the foft iilence of the liftenmg night,
The fober-fuited fo\?/lrefs trills her lay. Thomfon s Summer.
SO'NNET. n.f. [fonmt, French; fonnetto, Italian.]
1. A fhort poem confifting of fourteen lines, of which the
’ rhymes are adjulled by a particular rule. It is not very fuitable to the Englifh language, and has not been ufcd by any
man of eminence fince Milton.
A book was writ of late call’d Tetrachordon,
And woven clofe, both matter, form, and ftile ;
The fubje£t new: it walk’d the town a-while,
Numb’ring good intclleifts, now feldom por’d on:
Cries the (tail-reader, Blefs us, what a word on
A title-page is this! and fome in file
Stand fpelling falfe, while one might walk to MileEnd-green. Why is it harder, firs, than Gordon,
Colkitto, or Macdonnel, or Galafp ?
Thofe rugged names to our like mouths grow fleck.
That would have made Quintilian flare and gafp :
Thy age like ours, foul of fir John Cheek,
Hated not learning worfe than toad or afp.
When thou taught’ft Cambridge and king Edward
Greek. Milton.
2. A fmall poem.
Let us into the city prefently,
To fort fome gentlemen well (kill’d in mufick ;
I have a fonnet that will ferve the turn. Sbakefpeare.
Sonnette'er. n.f. [fonnetier, French; fromfonnet.] A fmall
poet, in contempt.
Afilft me, f me extemporal god of rhime ; for I am fure I
fhall turn fonnet'eer. Sbakefp. Love’sLabour’s Lojl.
He firft thinks fit no fonnctteer advance
His cenfure farther than the fong or dance. Dryden,
There are as many kinds of gardening as of poetry: your
makers of parterres and flower-gardens are epigrammatifls and
fonnetteers in this art. Spectator.
What woful fluff this madrigal wTould be,
In fome flarv’d hackneyfonmtteer or me ?
But let a lord once own the happy lines.
How the wit brightens ! how the flyle refines! Pope.
Soni'ferous. adj. [[onus an&fero, Latin.J Giving or bring¬
ing found.
This will appear, let the fubjedt matter of founds be what
it will; either the atmofphere, or the ptherial part thereof, or
foniferous particles of bodies. Derbam.
SonoRi'fick. adj. [fonorus andfacia, Lat.] Producing found.
If he fhould alk me why a clock flrikes, and points to the
hour ; and I fhould fay, it is by an indicating form and fonorifck quality, this would be unsatisfactory. Waits's Logick.
SONO'ROUS. adj. [fonore, French ; fonorus, Latin. ]
1. Loud founding; giving loud or fhrill found. Bodies are diftinguifhed as fonorous or unfonorous.
All the while
Sonorous metal blowing martial founds;
At which the univerfal holt up-fent
A fhout that tore hell’s concave. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
2. High founding ; magnificent of found.
The Italian opera, amidff all the meannefs and familiarity
of the thoughts, has fomething beautiful and fonorous in the
expreflion. Addifon on Italy.
Sono'rously. adv. [fromfonorous.] With high found ; with
magnificence of found.
Sono'rousness. n.f [fromfonorous.]
1. The quality of giving found.
' Enquiring of a maker of viols and lutes of what age he
thought lutes ought to be, to attain their full and belt feafoning for fonoroufnefs, he replied, that in fome twenty years
would be requifite, and in others forty. Boyle.
2. Magnificence of found.
SOON. adv. [ funs, Gothick; pona, Saxon; faen, Dutch.]
1. Before long time be part; fhortly after any time affigned or
fuppofed.
Nor did they not perceive their evil plight.
Yet to their gen’ral’s voice theyfoon obey’d. Milton.
You mull obey me, foon or late ;
Why fhould you vainly ftruggle with your fate ? Dryden.
2. Early ; before any time fuppofed: oppofed to late.
O boy ! thy father gave thee life too foon,
And hath bereft thee of thy life too late. Shakef Hen. VI.
Do this, that I may be reftored to you thefooner. Heb. xiii.
How is it that you arc come foJbon to-day? Ex. ii. 18.
The earlier flayeth for the later, and not that the later
cometh fooner. Bacon s Nat. Hi/lory.
3. Readily; willingly.
1 would asfoon fee a river winding through woods and mea¬
dows, as when it is tolled up in fo many whimfical figures at
Verfailles. Addifon s Guardian.
4. It has in Sidney the fignification of an adjeCfive, whether
licentioufly or according to the culfom of his time.
He hath preferved Argalus alive, under pretence of having
him publickly executed after thefe wars, of which they hope
for afoon and profperous ifliie. Sidney.
5. Soon as. Immediately; at the very time.
Asfoon as he came nigh unto the camp, he faw the calf and
the dance. Ex. xxxii. 19.
Nor was his virtue poifon’d, foon as born,
With the too early thoughts of being king. Dryden.
Soonly. adv. [fromy«i?«.] Quickly; fpeedily. This word I
remember in no other place; but if joon be, as it feems once
to have been, an adjedfive, foonly is proper.
A mafon meets with a ifone that wants no cutting, and,
foonly approving of it, places it in his work. More.
So'opberry. n.f. [fapindus, Latin ] A plant.
It hath a flower, which for the mofl part is compofed of
four leaves, expanding in form of a rofe; from whofe four¬
leaved empalement ariles thepointal, which afterward becomes
a lpherical fruit, inclofinga nut of the fame form. Miller.
SOOT. n.f. [pot, Saxon; foot, Illandick ; foet, Dutch.J Condenfed or embodied fmoke.
Soot, though thin fpread in a field, is a very good compoft. . Bacon.
If the fire be not kept within the tunnel of the chimney,
and fome appointed to fweep down thefoot, the houfe will be in
danger of burning. Hoivel.
Oft they allay'd,
Hunger and thirft conftraining ; drugg’d as oft
With hatelulleft difrelifh, writh’d their jaws.
Withfoot and cinders filfd. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
Our houihold gods, that droop upon our hearths.
Each from his venerable face fhall brufh
TheMacedonianfoot, and fhine again. Dryd. Cleomenes.
So'oted. adj. [fromJoot.] Smeared, manured, or covered with
foot.
The land wasfooted before. Mortimer.
So'oterkin. n.f. A kind of falfe birth fabled to be produced
by the Dutch women from fitting over their floves.
When Jove was, from his teeming head.
Of wit’s fair goddefs brought to-bed.
There follow’d at his lying-in.
For after-birth, a footerkin Swift.
Sooth, n.f. [po^, Saxon.] Truth; reality. Obfolete.
Sir, underfland you this of me infootb,
Th’ youngeft daughter, whom you hearken for.
Her father keeps from all accefs of fuitors.
Until the eldeft filler firft be wed. Sbakefpeare'.
That e’er this tongue of mine,
That laid the fentence of dread banifhment
On yond proud man, fhould take it off again
With words of footb. Shakef Richard II,
He looks likffootb: he fays he loves my daughter 5
I think fo too; for never gaz’d the moon
Upon the water, as he’ll ftand and read
My daughter’s eyes. Sbakefp. Winter's Tale.
If I have any (kill in foothfaying, as in Jooth I have none,
it doth prognofticate that I fhall change caps. Camden’s Rem.
The veryfootb of it is, that an ill habit has the force of an
ill fate. L’Ejlrange.
I did not mean to chide you;
For, footb to fay, I hold it noble in you
To cherifh the diftrefs’d. Rowe.
Sooth, adj. [po^, Saxon.] 'Pleafing; delightful.
Some other means I have.
Which once of Melibaeus old I learn’d.
The footbejl fhepherd that e’er pip’d on plains. Milton:
To SOOTH. v. a. [jepo^ian, Saxon.]
1. To flatter; to pleafe with blandifhments.
In foothing them, we nourifn ’gainft our fenate
The cockle of rebellion, infolence, fedition. Sbakefpeare.
Can Ifootb tyranny ?
Seem pleas’d to fee my royal mafter murder’d,
His crown ufurp’d, a diftafi: in the throne ? Dryden.
By his fair daughter is the chief confin’d.
WhoJ'ootbi to dear delight his anxious mind ;
Succefslefs all her foft careffes prove,
To banifh from his breaft his country’s love. Pope's Odyfey,
Thinks he that Memnon, foldier as he is,
Thoughtlefs and dull, will liften to \\\% foothing ? Rowe.
I’ve try’d the force of every reafon on him,
Sooth’d and carefs’d, been angry, J'ooth’d again ;
Laid fafety, life, and intereft in his fight;
But all are vain, he fcorns them all for Cato. Addif. Cato.
2. To calm; to foften ; to mollify.
The beldame
Sooths her with blandifhments, and frights with threats. Dry.
3. To gratify; to pleafe.
This calm’d his cares ; footb’d with his future fame
And pleas’d to hear his propagated name. Dryden.
So'other. n.f. [fromfootb.] A flatterer; one who gains bv
blandilhmeuts. ® '
I cannot flatter: I defy
The tongues offoothers. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
To Soothsa’y. n. [footb and fay.] To predict; to foretell.
A damfel, poflefied with a fpirit of divination, met us,
which brought her matters much gain by foothfaying. Acts xvi.
^oothsay'er.
SOP SOR
Soothsay'f.r. n.f [fromfoethfay.] A foreteller; apredider;
a prognofticator.
Scarce was Mufidorus made partaker ©f this oft blinding
light, when there were found numbers offoothjayers who af¬
firmed ftrange and incredible things fhould be performed by
that child. Sidney.
A foothfayer bids you beware the ides of March. ShakeJ'p.
He was animated to exped the papacy by the predidion of
a foothfayer, that one Ihould fucceed pope Leo, whofe name
fhould be Adrian, an aged man of mean birth, and of great
learning and wifdom. Bacon's Henry VII,
Soo'tiness. n.f [from,footy.] The quality of being footy; fuliginoufnefs.
Soo'ty. ad), [fromfoot.]
1. Breeding foot.
By fire offooty coal th’ alchymifl turns
Metals to gold. Milton.
2. Confifting of foot; fuliginous.
There may be fome chymical way fo to defecate this oil,
that it fhall not fpend into a footy matter. Wilkins.
3. Black ; dark ; dulky.
All the grifly legions that troop
Under thefooty flag of Acheron ;
Harpies and hydras and all monftrous forms. Milton.
Swift on hisfooty pinions flits the gnome.
And in a vapour reach’d the gloomy dome. Pope.
Sop. n.f. [pop, Saxon; fopa, Spanifh ; foppe, Dutch.]
I. Any thing fteeped in liquour to be eaten.
The bounded waters
Would lift their bofoms higher than the fhores,
And make a fip of all this folid globe. Shakefpeare.
Draw, you rogue; for though it be night, yet the moon
fliines : I’ll make a fop o’th’ moonfhine of you. Shakefpeare.
Sops in wine, quantity for quantity, inebriate more than
wine of itfelf. Bacon's Natural Hflory.
The prudent Sibyl had before prepar’d
A fop, in honey fteep’d, to charm the guard,
Which mix’d with powerful drugs, {he caft before
His greedy grinning jaws, juft op’d to roar. Dryden.
Ill nature is not to be cured with a fop ; but quarrelfome
men, as well as quarrelfome curs, are worfe for fair ufage.
L’ EJlrange.
2* Any thing given to pacify, from the fop given to Cerberus.
To Cerberus they give a fop,
His tripple barking mouth to flop. Swift.
To Sop. v. a. To fteep in liquour.
Sope. n.f [See Soap.]
Soph. n.f [from fophijl<?, Latin.] A young man who has been
two years at the univerfity.
Three Cambridge fophs, and three pert templars came.
The fame their talents, and their taftes the fame;
Each prompt to query, anfwer and debate.
And fmit with love of poefy and prate. Pope's Dunciad.
So'phi. si. f. [Perfian.] The emperor of Perfia.
By this feimitar
That flew the fophi and a Perfian prince. Shakefpeare.
A fig for the fultan andfophi. Congreve.
Sophism, n.f. [fopbifma, Latin.] A fallacious argument; an
unfound fubtilty ; a fallacy.
When a falfe argument puts on the appearance of a true
one, then it is properly called a fophifm or fallacy. Watts.
So'phist. n.f. [fophifia, Latin.] A profeflor of philofophy.
The court of Crcefus is faid to have been much reforted by
the fophijls of Greece in the happy beginning of his reign. Tan.
So'ph isTER. n.f. [fophijle, French; fophijlay Latin.]
t. A difputant fallacioufly fubtle; an artful but infidious logi¬
cian.
A fubtle traitor needs no fophifler. Shakefpeare's Hen. VI.
If a heathen philofopher bring arguments from reafon,
which none of our atheiftical Jophiflers can confute, for the
immortality of the foul, I hope they will fo weigh the confequences, as neither to talk, nor live, as if there was no fuch
thing. Denham.
Not all the fubtle objections offophijlers and rabbies, againft
the gofpel, fo much prejudiced the reception of it, as the re¬
proach of thofe crimes with which they afperfed the afiemblies of chriftians. Rogers's Sermons.
1. A profeflor of philofophy; a fophift. This fenfe is antiqua¬
ted. "
Alcidimus thefophifler hath many arguments to prove, that
voluntary and extemporal far excelleth premeditated fpeech.
Hooker.
Sophi'stical. ad). [fophiflique, Fr. from fophijl.'] Fallaci¬
oufly fubtle; logically deceitful.
Neither know I whether I fhould prefer for madnefs, and
fophijlical c0u7.cm.ge, that the fame body of Chrilt fhould be
in a thoufand places at once of this fublunary world. Halt.
When the ftateof the controvcrfy is well underftood, the
difficulty will not be great in giving anfwers to all his fo¬
phijlical cavils. Stil/ingjleet.
That may feem a demonftration for the prefent, which to
! pofterity will appear a more fophijlical knot. More.
SoPHi'STtCALLY. adv. [from fophijlical.] With fallacious
fubtilty.
Bolingbroke argues moft fophijlically. Swift.
To Sophisticate, v. a. [fophi/tiquer^ Fr. from fophijl ] To
adulterate ; tocorrupt with fomething fpurious.
If the paflions of the mind be ftrong, they eafilyfophijlicate
the underftanding, they make it apt to believe upon every {len¬
der warrant, and to imagine infallible truth, where fcarce any
probable fhew appeareth. Hooker.
Here s three of us arefophijlicated. Shakefpeare.
Divers experiments fuceeeded not, becaufe they were at
one time tried with genuine materials, and at another time
withfophijlicated ones. Boyle.
The only perfons amongft the heathens, who fophijlicated
nature and philofophy, were the Stoicks; who affirmed a fa¬
tal, unchangeable concatenation of caufes, reaching even to
the elicite ads of man’s will. South's Sermons.
Yet the rich cullies may their boafting fpare;
They purchafe butfophijlicated ware:
’Tis prodigality that buys deceit.
Where both the giver and the taker cheat. Dryden.
The eye hath its coats and humours tranfparent and colourlefs, left it fhould tinge and fophijlicate the light that it lets in
by a natural jaundice. Bent’ey.
Sophisticate, part. ad), [from the verb.] Adulterate; not
genuine.
Since then a great part of our fcientifical treafure is moft
likely to be adulterate, though all bears the image and fuperfeription of truth ; the only way to know what isJophi/hcate
and what is not fo, is to bring all to the examen of the touchftone. Glanville.
So truth, when only one fupply’d the ftate,
Grew fcarce and dear, and yetfophijlicate. Dryden:
Sophistication, n.f. [fophijiication, Fr. hornfophijlicate.]
Adulteration; not genuineness.
Sophiflication is the ad of counterfeiting or adulterating any
thing with what is not fo good, for the fake of unlawful
gain. Quincy.
The drugs and fimples fold in fhops, generally are adulte¬
rated by the fraudulent avarice of the fellers, efpecially ifthe
precioufnefs may make theirfophijiication very beneficial. Boyle.
Brfides eafy fubmiflion toJophJlications of fenfe, we have in¬
ability to prevent the mifearriages of ourjunior reafons. Glanv.
Sophistica'tor. n.f. [fromfophijlicate.] Adulterator; one
that makes things not genuine.
Sophistry, n. f. [from fophijl.] Fallacious ratiocination.
Hisfophijlry prevailed; his father believed. Sidney.
Thefe men have obfeured and confounded the natures of
things, by their falfe principles and wretched fophifiry; tho’
an ad be never fo finful, they will {trip it of its guilt. South.
To S'oporate. v. n. [joporo, Latin.] Tolayafleep. Ditt.
Sopori'ferous. ad). [Jopor and fero.] Produdive of fleep;
caufing fleep; narcotick; opiate; dormitive; fomniferous;
anodyne; fleepy.
The particular ingredients of thofe magical ointments are
opiate andfoporiferous; for anointing of the forehead, neck,
feet, and back-bone, procures dead fleeps. Bacon.
While the whole operation was performing, I lay in a pro¬
found fleep, by the force of thatfoporiferous medicine infufed
into my liquor. Gulliver's Travels.
Sopori'ferousness. n.f [from foporiferous.] The quality of
caufing fleep.
Sopori'fick. ad). [fopor and facio.] Caufing fleep; opiate;
narcotick.
The colour and tafte of opium are, as well as its foporifick
or anodyne virtues, mere powers depending on its primary
qualities. Locke.
So'pper. n.f [from fop.] One that fteeps any thing in liquor.
So'rbile. adj. [fromforbeo, Latin.] That may be drunk or
fipped.
Sorbi'tion. n.f. [forbitio, Latin.] The ad of drinking or
flipping.
Sorbs, n.f [forbum,~Lat.] The berries of the forb or ferv icetree.
So'rcerer. n.f. [forcier, French; fortiariuSy low Latin.] A
conjurer; an enchanter; a magician.
They fay this town is full of cozenage,
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
Drug-working Jorcerers that change the mind.
Soul-killing witches that deform the body,
And many fuch like libertines of fin. Shakefpeare.
The weaknefs of the power of witches upon kings and magiftrates may he aferibed to the weaknefs of imagination ; for
it is hard for a witch or a forcerer to put on a belief that they
can hurt fuch. Bacons Natural Hi/lory.
He faw a fableforct'C'- arife.
All fudden gorgon’s hifs and dragon’s glare,
And ten horn’d fiends. Pofe.
The Egyptian Jorcerers contended with Mofes; but the
wonders which Mofes wrought did fo far tranfeend the power
of magicians, a? made themconfels it was the finger of God.
Watts's Loft k.
So'RC KRESS.
SOR
So'rceresS. n.f [Female offorcertr.] A female magician ;
an enchantrefs.
Bring forth that forcerefs condemn’d to burn. Shakefp.
Divers witches andforcereffes have fed upon man’s flcfh, to
aid their imagination with high and foul vapours. Bacon.
The fnakyforcerefs that fat
Juft by hell-gate, and kept the fatal key,
Ris’n, and with hideous outcry rulh’d between. Milton.
How cunningly thefreeref diIplays
Her own tranfgreffions, to upbraid me, mine. Milton.
So'rcery. n.f Magickj enchantment; conjuration; witch¬
craft; charms.
This witch Sycorax,
For mifehiefs manifold, and forceries terrible,
Was banifh d. Shakefpeare.
Adders wifdom I have learn’d
.1 o fence my ear againft thy.forceries. Milton.
Aclaeon has long trails of rich foil ; but had the misfor¬
tune in his youth to fall under the power of foreery. Tatler.
Sord. n.f [fromfward.] Turf; graffy ground.
"T his is the prettiefl low-born lafs that ever ran on the
green foul. Shakefware's Winter'.s Tale.
An altar of grafly ford. Milton.
SO'RDES. n.f. [Latin.] Foulnefs ; dregs.
I he fea warhes off the fil and fordes wherein mineral moffes were involved and concealed, and thereby renders them
more confpicuous. Woodward.
So'rdet. 7 n.f. fourdine, French; fordina, Italian.] A frnall
So rdine. ) pipe put into the mouth of a trumpet to make it
found lower or fhriller. Bailey.
Sordid.adj. [fordidus, Latin.]
1. Foul} grofs} filthy; dirty.
There Charon ftands
A fordid god, down from his hoary chin >
A length of beard defeends, uncomb’d, unclean. Dryden.
2. [Sordide, Trench.] Intellectually dirty ; mean ; vile; bafe.
It is ftrange fince the priefts office heretofore was always
fplendid, that it is now looked upon as a piece of religion,
to make it low and fordid. South's Sermons,
3. [Sordide, French.] Covetous; niggardly.
He may be old,
And yet notfordid, who refufes gold. Denham.
If one. fhould ceafe to be generous and charitable, becaufe
another is fordid and ungrateful, it would be much in the
power of vice to extinguish chriftian virtues. L’Efrange.
Sordidly, adv. [fromfordid.] Meanly; poorly; covetouily;
Sordidness. n.f. [fromfordid.]
1. Meannefs; bafenefs.
I omit the madneffes of Caligula’s delights, and the exe¬
crable fordidnefs of thofe of Tiberius. Cowley.
2. Naftinefs ; not neatnefs.
Providence deters people from fluttifiinefs and fordidnefs,
and provokes them to cleanlinefs. Ray.
Sore. n.f. [pap, Saxon; four, Danifh.] A place tender and
painful; a place excoriated; an ulcer. It is not ufed of a
wound, but of a breach of continuity, either long continued
or from internal caufe : to be a fore, there mull be an exco¬
riation ; a tumour or bruife is not called a fore before fome
difruption happen.
Let us hence provide
A falve for anyfore that may betide. Shakefpeare s Hen VI.
Tt is a bad exchange to wound a man’s own confcience. to
falve fk^tefores. King Charles.
Receipts abound ; but fearching all thy ftore,
The beft is ftill at hand to launce the fore,
And cut the head ; for till the core be found
1 he fecret vice is fed and gathers ground. Dryden.
By thefe all feftring fores her councils heal,
hich time o,r has difclos’d, or lhall reveal. Dryden.
Lice and flies, which have a moft wonderful inftinCt to find
out convenient places for the hatching and nourifhment of their
young, lay their egg, u^onfores. Bentley.
Sore. adj. [from the noun.]
1. Tender to the touch.
We can ne’er be fure,
Whether we pain or not endure;
And juft fo far arefore and griev’d,
As byis believ’d Hudibras.
Whuejore of battie, while our wounds are green.
Why fhould we tempt the doubtful dye again. & Dryden
It was a right anfwer of the phyfician to his patient, that
had fore eyes, if you have more pleafure in the tafte of wine
than in the ufe of your fight, wine is good; but if the plea¬
fure of feeing be greater to you than that of drinking, wine is
# & Locke.
2. lender in the mind; cafily vexed.
Malice and hatred are very fretting and vexatious, and apt
to make our mindsfore and uneafy; but he that can modefate thefe afteCtions will find cafe in his mind. Tillotfon,
Laugh at your friends, and if your friends arc fore,
00 rtlucb the better, you may laugh the more. Pope-,
SOR
3.Violent with pain ; affliclivciy vehement. See Sore, adverb.
Threefcore and ten I can remember well,
Within the volume of which time I’ve feen
Hours dreadful, and things ftrange; but thisfare night
Hath trifled former knowings. Shakefpeare.
I will perfevere in my courfe of loyalty; though the conflict
be fore between that and my blood. Shnkejpeare's K. Lear.
My loins arc filled with afore difeafc; and there is no whole
part in my body. Common Pi ayer.
Sore hath been their fight,
As likelieft was, when two fuch foes met arm’d. Milton.
Gentle lady, may thy grave
Peace and quiet ever have;
After this day’s travelfore
Sweet reft feize thee evermore. Milton.
Fhey are determin’d to live up to the holy rule, though
fore evils and great temporal inconveniencies fhould attend the
difeharge of their duty. Atterbury\.
4- Criminal. Out of ufe.
To lapfe in fullneik
Is forer than to lie for need; and falfbood
Ts worfe in kings than beggars. Shakefpeare's Cymbelire,
5. [From four, French.]
jl iie buck is called the firft year a Fawn; the fecond, a
pricket; tne third, a forei; and the fourth year, h fore, Shak.
Sore. adv. [ 1 his the etymologifts derive fromfer, Dutch; but
feer means only an intenfenefs of any thing; fore almoft al¬
ways includes pain.] V/ith painful or dangerous vehemence;
a veiy painful degree; with afflictive violence or pertinacity.
It is now little ufed.
T hme arrows flick fall in me; and thy hand preffeth me
for e’ _ Common Prayer.
The knight, then lightly leaping to the prey.
With mortal lteel him fmote again foJore;
That headlefs his unweildy body lay. Fairy Queen.
He this and that, and each man’s blow
Doth eye, defend, and fhift, being laid tofore. Daniel.
1 hough iron hew and mangle jore,
Would wounds and bruifes honour more. Hudibras.
Diftruft fhook fore their minds. Milan.
So thatPalamon were wolmdedyorY,
Arcite was hurt as much. Dryden’s Knights Tale.
oW-figh d the knight, who this long fermon heard :
At length, confidering all, his heart he chear’d. Dryden.
How, Didius, fhall a Roman Jore repuls’d
Greet your arrival to this diftant ifle ?
How bid you welcome to thefe fhatter’d legions ? A. Philips.
Sorehon. >#./ [Irifh and Scottifh.] A kind of arbitrary
oorn i exadlion or fervile tenure, formerly in Scot¬
land, as likewife in Ireland ; whenever a chieftan had a mind
to revel, he came down among the tenants with his followers,
by way of contempt called in the lowlands giliwitfitts, and liv¬
ed on free quarters; fo that ever fince, when a perfon obtrudes
himfelf upon another, flays at his houfe, and hangs upon him
for bed and board, he is laid toforn, or be a forher. Maclean;
They exadl upon them all kind of fervices ; yea, and the
very wild exactions, coignie, livery, and forehon; by which
t tey poll and utterly undo the poor tenants and freeholders
under them. ; ; Spsafer’s Inland.
oorel. n.f [Diminutive offore.]
I he buck is called the fill! year a fawn; the fecond, a
pricket; the third, a forei. Shakefpeare.
Sorely, adv. [fromJore.]
1. With a great degree of pain or diftrefs.
Here s the fmell of the blood ftill; all the perfumes of Ara¬
bia will not fweeten this little harid. Oh! oh ! oh \—What
a figh is there ? the heart isforely overcharged. Shakefpeare.
The warrior train,
Though moft wereforely wounded, none were flam. Dryden.
2. With vehemence dangerous or afflictive.
I have done ill,
Of which I do accufe myfelf fo forely.
That I will enjoy no more. ' Shakefpeare.
00 renrss. n.f [Ircm fore.] Tendernefs of a hurt.
. whdft the forenefs of his late pangs of qonfcicnce re¬
mains, finds himfelf a little indifpofed for fin, prefently concludes repentance hath had its perfect work. Decay of Piety.
My foot began to fwell, and the pain affwaged, though it
left fuch a frenefs, that I could hardly fuffei7 the cloaths ot
my bed. Tempi
Sori'tesi, n.f. [trw^i'm.] Properly an heap. An argument
Where one propoiition is accumulated on-another.
Chryfippus the Stoick invented a kind of argument rnn
or^heap tha" thrCe proPoflt,ons> which is'called farites*
Jzz&t? frtal m!fe terms
^
•» £2£a
DroDofit l. <fm;ly m,fcvera Propofjtions, till the bit
all men kfd'ATPT with the firft fubjea. Thus,
I enge have their fouls often uneafy; uneafy fouls
r 11 • Pf§ue to tbcmfelves; now to be one’s own plague is
folly in the extreme. t0gick.
24 So'RORICIDEk
SOR S O R
Soro'ricidc. n.f. [foror and cado.] The murder of a fitter.
So RR age. n.f i he blades of green wheat or bailey. Didt.
So'rrance. n.f [In farriery.] ~Any difeafe or fore in horfes.
Difl.
So'rrf.l. n f [pupe, Saxon ; ford» French ] This plant agrees
with the dock in all its characters, and only differs in having
an acid tatte. Miller.
Of all roots of herbs the root of forrel goeth the fartheft into
the earth. It is a cold and acid herb that loveth the earth, and
is not much drawn by the fun. Bacon.
Acid auftere vegetables contrail and llrengthen the fibres,
as all kinds offrrel, the virtues of which lie in acid aftringent
fait, a fovereign antidote againft the putrefeent bilious alkali.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
So'rrily. adv. [from ferry.] Meanly; poorly; defpicably ;
wretchedly ; pitiably.
Thy pipe, O Pan, fhall help though I fwgforrily. Sidney.
So'rriness. n.f. [from Jorry ] Meannefs; wreichednefs; pitiablenefs ; defpicablenefs.
So'rrow. n.f. [jorgy Dartilh.] Grief; pain for fomething
paft; fadnefs; mourning. Sorrow is not commonly underftood
as the effe£l of prefent evil, but of lott good.
Sorrow is uneafinefs in the mind, upon the thought of a
’good loft, which might have been enjoyed longer; or the
tenfe of a prefent evil. Loch.
Scrrozu on thee, and all the pack of you;
That triumph thus upon my mifery! Shakefpeare.
A world of woe and forrozv. Milton.
Seme other hour I will to tears allow;
Put having you, can fhow noJ'oirow now. Dryden.
To Sorrow, v. n. [faurgan, Gothick; yopgian, Sax.] To
grieve; to be fad; to be dejedied.
The miferable change, now at my end,
Lament, nor forrow at. Shakfp. Antony and Cleopatra.
Where-ever forrow is relief wou’d be.
If you do forrow at my grief in love,
By giving love, your fonow and my grief
Were both extermin’d. Shakefpeare.
Now I rejoice, not that ye were made forry, but that ye
forrowed to repentance. 2 Cor. vii. 9.
I neither fear to die nor defire to live; and having mattered
all grief in myfelf, I defire no man to forrow for me. Hayw.
Send them forth, thoughJorrowingy yet in peace. Milton.
Sad the prince explores
The neighb’ring main, andforrowing treads the fhores. Pope.
Sorrowed, adj. [from forrow.] Accompanied with forrow.
Git of ufe.
Now the publick body, which doth feldom
Play the recanter, feeling in itfelf
A lack of Timon’s aid, hath fenfe withal
Of its own fall, rettraining aid to Timon ;
And fends forth us to make theirJorrowed tender. Shakefp.
S./rrowful. adj. \Jorrow andfull.]
1. Sad for fomenting paft ; mournful; grieving.
Bleffed are they which have been Jortowful for all thy
fcourges; for they (hall rejoice for thee, when they have feen
all thy glory. Lob. xiii. 14.
2. Deep y ferious. Not in ufe.
Hannah laid, no, my lord, I am a woman of a forrowful
fpirit: I have poured out my foul before the Lord. I Sam.
3. Exprefting grief; accompanied with grief.
The things that my foul refufed to touch are as my forrowy^/meat. Job.vi. j.
So'rry. adj. [papij, Saxon.]
1. Grieved for fomething paft. It it generally ufed of flight or
cafual mifearriages or vexations, but fometimes of greater
things. It does not imply any long continuance of grief.
O, forget
What we areforry for ourfelves in thee. Timon ofAthens.
The king was Jorry : nevertheless for the oath’s fake he
commanded the Baptift’s head lo be given her. Matth. xiv. 9.
I’m ferry for thee, friend ; ’tis the duke’s pleafure. Shak.
We areforry for the fatire interfperfed in fome of thefe pieces,
upon a few people, from whom the higheft provocations have
been received. Swift.
2. [From four, filth, Iflandick.] Vile; worthlefs; vexatious.
A lalt and Jorry rheum offends me :
Lend me thy handkerchief. Shakefpeare's Othello.
How now, why do you keep alone ?
OfJ'orrieJl fancies your companions making,
Ufing thofe thoughts, which fhould, indeed, have died
With them they think on. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
II the union of the parts confift only in reft, it would feem
that a bag of duft would be of as firm a confidence as that of
marble ; and Bajazet’s cage had been but aJorry prifon. Glanv.
Goarfe complexions.
And cheeks ofjorry grain will ferve to ply
1 he fampler, and to teize the houfewife’s wool. Milton.
How vain were all the enfigns of his power, that could not
fu port him againft one flighting look of a forry flave! L'Ejl.
if this innocent had any relation to his Thebais, the poet
might have found fomeferry excufe for detaining the reader.
Dryden.
If fuch a flight and Jorry bufinefs as that could produce one
organical body, one might reafonably experfl, that now and
then a de<;d lump of dough might be leavened into an animal.
Bentley’s Sermons.
Sort. n.f [forte, French.]
1. A kind ; a fpecies.
Disfigut’d more than fpirit of happy fort. Milton.
A fubftant'ul and unaffefted piety, not only gives a man a
credit among the fober and virtuous, but even among the vi¬
cious fort of men. TilUtfon.
Thefe three Jorts of poems fhould differ in their numbers,
defigns, and every thought. IValfh.
Endeavouring to make the fignification of fpecifick names
clear, they make their fpecifick ideas of the Joits of fubftances
of a few of thofe fimple ideas found in them. Locke.
2. A manner; a form of being or adting.
Flowers in fuch fort worn, can neither be fmelt nor feen
well by thofe that wear them. Hook.r.
That I may laugh at her in equalfat
As fhe doth laugh at me, and makes my pain her fport.
Spenfer’s Sonnet.
Rheum and Shimfhai wrote after this fort. Ezra iv. 8.
To Adam in whatfort fhall I appear ? Milton.
3. A degree of any quality.
I have written the more boldly unto you, in fome forty as
putting you in mind. Rom. xv. 15.
I fhall not be wholly without praife, if in fome fort I have
copied his ftile. Dryden.
4. A clafs, or order of perfons.
The one being a thing that belongeth generally unto all,
the other, fuch as none but the wi er and more judicious fort
can perform. Hooker.
‘ I have bought
Golden opinions from allJorts of people. Shakefpeare.
Hofpitality to the betterJorty and charity to the poor, two
virtues that are never exercifed fo well as when they accompa¬
ny each other. Atterbury s Sermons.
5. A company ; a knot of people.
Mine eyes are full oftears : I cannot fee;
And yet fait water blinds them not fo much.
But they can fee a fort of traitors here. Shakefpeare,
6. Rank; condition above the vulgar.
Is fignior Montanto returned from the wars ?—I know none
of that name, lady ; there was none fuch in the army of any
fort. Shakefpeare's Much ado about Nothing.
7. [Sort, Yr. fortes, Latin.] A lot. Out of ufe.
Make a lott’ry,
And by decree, let blockifh Ajax
Draw thefort to fight with Hedfor. Shakefpeare.
8. A pair ; a let.
The firftfort by their own fuggeftion fell. Mi'ton.
To Sort. v. a. [Sortiri, Lat. affo^the, Italian.]
1. To feparate into diftindb and proper claffes.
Thefe they farted into their feveral times and places ; fome
to begin the fervice of God with, and fome to end ; fome to
be interlac’d between the divine readings of the law and pro- .
phets. Hooker.
I come to thee for charitable licence,
To fort our nobles from our common men. Shakefpeare.
A piece of cloth made of white and black threads though
the whole appear neither white nor black, but grey; yet each
remains what it was before, ifthe threads were pulled afunder,
and farted each colour by itfelf. Boyle.
Shell-fifh have been, "by fome of the ancients, compared
andforted with the infers. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
With this defire, fhe hath a native might
To find out ev’ry truth, if fhe had time;
Th’ innumerable effects tofort aright,
And by degrees from caufe to caule to climb. Davies.
The number of fimple ideas, that make the nominal eflence
of the loweft fpecies, or firft farting of individuals, depends
on the mind of man. Locke.
The rays which differ in refrangibility may be parted and
ferted from one another, and that either by refra&ion, or byreflexion. Newton's Opticks.
But grant that a&ions beft difeover man,
Take the moft ftrong andJ'ort them as you can ;
The few that glare, each charadfer muft mark :
You balance not the many in the dark. rope.
2. To reduce to order from a ttate of confuflon.
Let me not be light;
For a light wife doth make a heavy hufband ;
And never be Baflanio fo from me; .
But God fort all! Shakefpeare s Merch. of l emce.
3. To conjoin; to put together in diftributton.
For, when fhe forts things prefent with things paft.
And thereby things to come doth oft forefee ;
When fhe doth doubt at firft, and chufe at firft,
Thefe atfts her own, without her body be. Davies.
4. T#
SOT
4.To Cull; to chufe; to fdefl.
Send his mother to his father’s houfe,
That he mayfort her out a worthy fpoufe. Chapman.
To Sort. v. n.
1. To be joined with others 0f the fame fpecies.
Nor do metals onlyfrt and herd with metals in the earth,
and minerals with minerals; but both in common together.
fVoodward.
2. Toeonfort; to join. ,
The illiberality of parents towards their children, makes
them bafe andfort with any company. Bacon.
*j. Tofuit; to fit.
A man cannot fpeak to a Ion but as a father; whereas a
friend may fpeak as the cafe requires, and not as it forteth
with the perfon. Bacon.
1 hey are happy whofe naturesfort with their vocations.
Bacon.
Among unequals, what fociety
Can fort, what harmony, or true delight ?
Which nmft be mutual, in proportion due,
Giv’n, and receiv’d. Miltons Paradife Loft.
The Creator calling forth by name
* His mighty angels, gave them feveral charge.
As forted belt with prefent things. Miltons Paradife Loft.
For diff’rent (files with diff’rent fubje&sfort,
As feveral garbs with country, town, and court. Pope.
4. To* terminate ; to iflue.
It forted not to any fight of importance, but to a retreat.
Bacon's IVar with Spain.
5. To have fuccefs.
The flips of their vines have been brought into Spain, but
they have not forted to the lame purpofe as in their native
country. Abbot's Defeription of the IVorId.
It was tried in a blown bladder, whereunto flelh and a
flower were put, and itforted not; for dry bladders will not
blow, and new bladders further putrefa&ion. Bacon.
6. To fall out. [fromfort, a lot, orJortir, to iffue, French.]
And fo far am I glad it did fofort,
A-s this their jangling I efteem a fport. Shakefpeare.
Princes cannot gather this fruit, except they raife fome per¬
rons to be companions; which many timesforteth to incon¬
venience. _ Bacon.
So rtal. adj. A word formed by Locke, but not yet received.
As things are ranked under names, into forts or fpecies only
as they agree to certain abftracft ideas, the elfence of each fort
comes to be nothing but that idea which thefortal, if I may
fo call it from fort, as I do general from genus, name (lands
f°r* Locke.
So'rtance. n.f [from fort.] Suitablenefs j agreement.
I have received
New dated letters from Northumberland,
Their cold intent, thus :
Here doth he wifh his perfon, with fuch power
As might holdfortance with his quality.
The which he could not levy. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
Sortilege, n.f. [fnti’ege, Yi.fortilegium, Latin.J The act
or practice of drawing lots.
So'rtrient. n.f. [fromfrt.]
1. The a£t of forting; diftribution.
11. A parcel forted or diffributed.
To So s. v. n. [A cant word.] To fit lazily on a chair; to fall
at once into a chair.
The winter iky began to frown,
Poor Stella mull pack off to town;
From wholefome exercife and. air,
Tofoffing in an eafy chair. Swift.
Sot. n.J. [pot:, Saxon; fot, French; foty Dutch.]
A blockhead; a dull ignorant ftupid fellow; a dolt.
Of Glo’fter’s treachery.
And of the loyal fervice of hisfon,
When I inform’d him, then he call’d me fot;
And to!d me I had turn’d the wrong fide out. Shakefpeare.
I his by his tongue being made his miftrefs’ pidture.
And then a mind put in’t, either our brag^s
Were crackt of kitchen trulls, or his defeription
JWd US unmaking/*,. SMr/W
7 eil him that no hiftory or antiquity can match his con¬
duct; and prelentlythzfot, becaufe he knows neither hiftory
nor antiquity, (hall begin to meafure himfelf by himfelf, which
is the only fure way for him not to fall ftiort. South's Sermons.
2. A wretch ftupified by drinking.
Every fign
That calls the (faring fots to naftv wine. Rofcommon
A furly ill-bred lord,
That chides and fnaps her up at every word :
A brutalfot; who while (he holds his head,
With drunken filth bedaubs the nuptial b’ed. Granville.
*1 o Sot. v. a. To ftupify ; to befot.
Pox on his loyalty!
I hate to fee a brave bold fellowfotted,
Made four and (enfelefs, turn’d to whey by love;
A driveling hero, fit for a romance. Dryden's Span. Fiiar.
S O V
The potion
Turns his brain and llupifies his mind;
TheJotted moon-calf gapes. Dryden.
To Sot. v. n. To tipple to (tepidity.
So'ttish. adj. [fromfot.]
1. Dull; ftupid ;fenfelefs; infatuate; doltilh.
All’s but naught :
Patience isfottifhy and impatience does
Become a dog that’s mad. Shakefpeare's Ant. and CUopatra*
Upon the report of his approach, more than half /ell away
and difperfed; the refidue, being more defperate or morefottjh,
did abide in the field, of whom many wore (lain. Hayward.
He gain’d a king
Ahaz hisfoltijh conqueror. Milton.
*Tisfottijh to offer at things that cannot be brought about.
L'Eftrange.
How ignorant are fottifh pretenders to aftrology. Swift.
?. Dull with intemperance.
So/ttishly. adv. [from fottifo.] Stupidly; dully; fenfelefsly.
Northumberlandfcttijhly mad with over great fortune, pro¬
cured the King by his letters patent under the great feal, to
appoint the lady Jane to fucceed him in the inheritance of
the crown. Hayward.
Atheifm is. impudent in pretending to philofophy, and furpzxfkiiionfottijhly ignorant in fancying that the knowledge of
nature tends to irreligion. Glanvil'e.
Sofottifhly to lofe the pureft pleafures and comforts of this
world, and forego the expectation of immortality in another;
and fo defperately to run the ri(k of dwelling with everlafting
burnings, plainly difeovers itfelf to be the moft pernicious
folly and deplorable madnefs in the world. Bentley.
Sottishness, n.f [fromfottijh.] Dullnefs; ftupidity; mfenfibility.
Few confider what a degree offottijhnefs and confirmed ig¬
norance men may fin themfelves into. South's Sermons.
No fober temperate perfon can look with any complacency
upon the drunkennefs and fottijhnefs of his neighbour. South.
The firft part of the text, the folly andfottijinef of Atheifm,
will come home to their cafe; fince they make fuch a noily
prefence to wit and fagacity. Bentley's Sermons.
Sovereign, adj. [fouverain, French; fovrano, Spanifti.]
1. Supreme in power ; having no fuperiour.
As teaching bringeth us to know that God is our fupreme
truth ; fo prayer teftifieth that we acknowledge him ourfovereign good. Hooker.
You, myfoveregn ladv,
Caufelefs have laid difgraces on my head. Sbakefp. Hen. IV.
None of us who now thy grace implore.
But held the rank offovereign queen before,
7 ill giddy, chance, whofe malice never bears
That mortal blifs (hould laft for length of years,
Caft us headlong from our high eftate. Dryden.
Whether Efau, then, were a vaftal to Jacob, and Jacob his
fovereign prince by birth right, I leave the reader to judge. Locke.
2. Supremely efficacious.
. A memorial of thpir fidelity and zeal, a fovereign prefervative of God’s people from the venomous infedion of herefy.
'T'L /l • Hooker.
I he mo\kfovereign prefeription in Galen is butempirick ;
and to this prefervative of no better report than a horfe drench.
Shakejpeare's Coriolanus.
Love-wounded Protheus,
My bofom, as a bed,
Shall lodge thee, till thy wound be throughly heal’d.
And thus I fearch it with a Jov'reign kifs. Shakefpeare.
A water we call water of paradife, by that we do to it,
is made very fovereign for health. * Bacon.
Like the feum ftarv’d men did draw
From parboil’d (hoes and boots, and all the reft
Which were with any fovereign fatnefs bleft. Donne.
Be cool, my friend, and hear my myfe difpenfe
Some fovereign comforts drawn from common fenfe.
n . _ Dryden.
So vereign, n.f. Supreme lord. '
O, let myfovereign turn away his face,
And bid his ears a little while be deaf. Shakefpeare.
By myfovereign, and his fate, I fwear.
Renown d for faith in peace, for force in war.
Oft our alliance other lands defir’d. Dryden.
Sovereignly, adv. [from fovereign] Supremely; in the*
higheft degree. v J
He wasfovereignly lovely in himfelf. # »
Sovereignty.*./; French] Supremacy i high¬
eft place; fupreme power; higheft degree of excellence. 8
Give me pardon.
That I, your vaffal, have employed and pain’d
Your unknown SbaUfom.
appy were ngland, would this virtuous prince
a eon is grace thefov'reignty thereof. Shakfeare.
o give aws unto a people, to inftitute magiftrates and ofcers ovci them; to punifti and pardon malefactors; to have
the
sou SOIJ
the folc authority of making war and peace, aie the true
marks of fovereignty. Davies.
A mighty hunter thetice he {ball be ftil d
Before the Lord ; as in defpite of heav’n,
Or from heav’n, claiming fecondfox?re gnty. Milton.
Nothing does fo gratify a haughty humour, as this piece
cl ufurpedfovereignty over our brethren. Govern, of the Tongue.
Jove’s own tree,
That holds the woods in awfulfov reignty,
Requires a depth of lodging in the ground ;
High as his topmoft boughs to heav’n afeend,
So low his roots to hell’s dominion tend. Dryclen,
I well forefee, whene’er thy fuit I grant.
That I my much lov’d fov’reignly (hall want.
And her new beauty may thy heart invade. Dryden.
Let us above all things poffefs our fouls with awful apprehenfions of the majefty and fovereignty of God. Rogers.
Alexander’s Grecian colonies in the Indies were almoll ex¬
terminated by Sandrocottus ; Seleucus recovered the fovereignty
in fome degree, but was forced to abandon to him the coun¬
try along the Indus. Ar'cuthnot on Coins.
Sough, n.f [from fousy French.] A fubterraneous drain.
Yet could not fuch mines, without great pains, and charges,
if at all, be wrought; the delfs would be fo flown with wa¬
ters, it being impoffible to make any addits orfoughs to drain
them, that no gins or machines could fuffice to lay and keep
them dry. Ray on the Creation.
Another of like fort, was found in finking a fough-pit at
Idaigh in Lancafhire. Woodward.
Sought. The preterite and participle paff. offeek.
I amfught of them that afked not for me : I am foynd of
them thatfought me not. Ifa. lxv. I.
The works of the Lord are greaty fought out of all them
that have pleafure therein. T/a/. cxi. 2.
S;UL. n, j. [papel, Sax. fuel, Dan. final. Iflandick ; ficly Dutch.]
1. The immaterial and immortal fpirit of man.
Wh'e n death was overcome, he opened heaven as well to
the believing Gentiles as Jews : heaven till then was no recep¬
tacle to the fouls of either. Hooker.
Fie, fie, unreverent tongue ! to call her bad,
Whofe fov’reignty fo oft thou haft preferr’d
With twenty thoufand foul-confirming oaths. Shakefpeare.
Perhaps, for want of food, the foul may pine;
But that vyere ftrar.ge, lince all things bad and good;
Since all God’s creatures, mortal and divine;
Since God himfelf is her eternal food. Davies.
He remembered them of the promifes, feals and oaths, which
by publick authority had pafi'ed for concluding this marriage,
that thefe being religious bonds betwixt God and theirfoulsy
could not by any politick a£l of ftate be diflolved. Hayward.
Eloquence the foul, long charms the fenfe. - Milton.
2. Vital principle.
7 hey lav this town is full of cozenage,
Drug-working forcerers that change the mind ;
«SW-kiliing witches that deform the body ;
And many fuch like libertines of fin. Shakefpeare.
7 hou almoft mak’ft me waver in my faith,
'Fo hold (.pinion v. ith Pythagoras,
Thatfouls -of animals infufe themfelves
Into the trunks of men. Shakefp. Merch. cf Venice.
Thou fun, of this great world both eye andfoul. Milton.
Join voices all ye JivingyWr / ye birds.
That finging up to heav’n-gate afeend.
Bear on your wings, and in your notes his praife. Milton.
In common difeourfe and writing, we leave out the words
vegetative, lenfitive, and rational ; and make the word foul
ferve for all thefe principles. Watts.
3. Spirit; eflence; quinteftenpe; principal part.
He has the veryfou,l of bounty. Shakefpeare.
Charity theyS;//of all the reft. Milton.
j. Interiour power.
There is fome foul of goodnefs in things evil,
Would men obfervingly diftil it out. Shakefpeare.
5. A familiar appellation exprefting the qualities of the mind.
7 hree wenches where I flood, cry’d :
<c Alas, goodfoul!” . _ Shakefpeare's fulius Carfar.
7 his is a poor mad foul, and lhe fays up and down the
town, that her eldeft fon is like you. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
The poorfoul fat finging by a fycamore tree,
Sing all a green willow :
Her hand on her bof m, her head on her knee. Shakefp.
L nenlarged fouls are difgufted with the wonders of the microicope, dilcovering animals which equal not a peppercorn.
w , Watts.
6. Human being.
f he moral is the cafe of every foul of us. VEJlrange.
Keep tie poor foul no longer in fulpenie,
V (mi change is fuch as does not need defence. Dryden.
It is a republick; there are in it a hundred burgeois, and
about a thoufand fouls. Addfan's Italy.
My Hate of health none caie to learn ;
My life is here wo foul's, concern. Swift.
7 / A£livc power.
Earth, air and feas, through empty fpace would row].
And heav’n would fly before the drivingyW. Dryden.
8. Spirit; fire; grandeur of mind.
9. Intelligent being in general.
Every foul in heav’n fhall bend the knee. Milton.
Sou'led. adj. [from foul.] Furnifhed with mind.
Griping, and (till tenacious of thy hold,
Wou’d’ft thou the Grecian chiefs, though largely foul’d,
Shou’d give the prizes they had gain’d before. Dryden.
SouTless. adj. [fromfoul.] Mean; low; fpiritlefs.
Slave, foullefs villain, dog, O rarely bafe ! Shakefpeare.
Sou'lshot. n.f [fou/and fot.] Something paid for a foul’s re¬
quiem among the Romanifts.
In the Saxon times there was a funeral duty to be paid,
called pecuniafepulchralis ifffymbolum animay and a SaxonfoulJhot. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Sound, adj. [punb, Saxon ]
1. Healthy ; hearty ; not morbid ; not difeafed ; not hurt.
I am fall’n out with my more headier will
To take the indifpos’d and fickly fit
For the found man. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
He hath a heart as found as a bell, and his tongue is the
clapper; for what his heart thinks, his tongue fpeaks. Shak.
He hath received him fafe and fund. Luke xv. 27.
We can preferve
Unhurt our minds, and underftandingyfoW. Milton.
The king vifits all around,
Comforts the fick, congratulates thefund;
Honours the princely chiefs. Dryden.
But Capys, and the reft of founder mind.
The fatal prefent to the flames defign’d,
Or to the deep. Dryden.
When a word, which originally fignifies any particular ob~
je<5l, is attributed to feveral other objects, on account offome
evident reference or relation to the original idea, this is pe¬
culiarly called an analogical word; fo a found or healthy pulfe,
a found digeftion, found fleep, are all fo called, with reference
to afund and healthy conftitution; but if you fpeak offound
do£trine, orfund fpeech, this is by way of refemblance to
health, and the words are metaphorical. Watts’s Lcgick.
2. Right; not erroneous.
Whom although to know be life, and joy to make mention
of his name; yet ourfundejl knowledge is to know that we
know him not as indeed he is, neither can know him : and
our fafeft eloquence concerning him is filence. Hooker.
Let my heart be fund in thy ftatutes, that I be not afhamed.
Pfal. cxix. 80.
The rules are found and ufeful, and may ferve your devo¬
tion. Wake^
3. Stout; ftrong; lufty.
The men are very ftrong and able of body; and therefore
either give fund ftrokes with their clubs wherewith the^r
fight, or elfe fhoot ftrong fhots with their bows. Abbot.
4. Valid; not failing.
They referved their titles, tenures, and figniories whole
andfund to themfelves. Spenfer’s Ireland.
5. Fall; hearty. It is applied to fleep.
New wak’d fromfoundeft fleep.
Soft on the flow’ry herb I found me laid
In balmy fweat. Milton’s Paradife Loft.
Sound, adv. Soundly; heartily; completely faft.
The meffenger approaching to him fpake.
But his wafte words return’d to him in vain;
Sofound he flept that nought might him awake. Fa. ^ueen.
Sound, n.f. [fondey French.J A fhallow fea, fuch as may be
founded.
Thefound of Denmark, where fhips pay toll. Camden.
Wake,
Behold I come, fent from the Stygian foundy
As a dire vapour that had cleft the ground,
T’ingender with the night, and blaft the day. Ben. 'Johnfon.
Him young Thoofa bore, the bright increafe
Of Phorcys, dreaded in the founds and feas. Pope.
Sound, n.f \jfondey Fr.] A probe, an inftrument ufed by chirurgeons to feel what is out of reach of the fingers.
The patient being laid on a table, pafs thefund till it meet
with fome refiftance. Sharp’s Surgery.
To Sound, v. a.
1. To fearch with a plummet; to try depth.’
In this fecret there is a gulf, which while we live we fhali
never found. hooker.
You are, Haftings, much too fhallow
To fund the bottom of the after-times. Shakefp. Hen. IV .
2. To try; toexamine. . ,. . . r c, , r
Has he never beforefounded you in this bufinefs. Shakefpeare.
Invites thefe lords, and thofe he meant tofound. Daniel.
I was in jeft,
And by that offer meant tofound your breaft. Dryden.
I’vefounded my Numidians, man by n?an.
And fiml ’em ripe for a revolt. Addifon’s Cato.
3
'
t.
sou so u
To Sound, v. n. To try with the founding line.
The fhipmen deemed that they drew near to fomc coun¬
try and fundedand found it near twenty fathoms. Adis xxvii.
Beyond this we have no more a pofitive diftinft notion of,
infinite fpace than a mariner has of the depth of the fea, where
having let down a large portion of hisfunding-line^ he reaches
no bottom. Locke.
Sound, n.f The cuttle-fifh. Ainfworth.
Sound, n.J. [fon, French ; /onus, Latin.]
1. Any thing audible; a noife ; that which is perceived by the ear.
Heaps of huge words uphoarded hideoufly
With horrid fund, though having little fenfe.
And thereby wanting due intelligence,
Have marred the face of goodly poefy,
And made a monfter of their fantafy. Spenfer.
Come, filters, cheer we up his fprights,
And Ihew the beft of our delights;
I’ll charm the air to give a found,
While you perform your anticlc round. Sbakef Macbeth.
Dalh a {tone againft a {tone in the bottom of the water,
and it malceth a found: fo a long pole {truck upon gravel in
the bottom of the water, maketh a found. Bacons Nat. Hijl.
The warlike found of trumpets loud. Milton.
Whene’er he fpoke his voice was heard around,
Loud as a trumpet with a filverfound Dryden.
That which is conveyed into the brain by the ear is called
found; though, ’till it affedt the perceptive part, it be nothing
but motion. Locke,
2. Mere empty noife oppofed to meaning.
He contented himfelf with doubtful and general terms,
which might make no ill found in mens ears. Locke.
Let us confider this propofition as to its meaning; for it is
the fenfe and notfound that mult be the principle. ° Locke.
To Sound, v. n.
1. To make a noife; to emit a noife.
From you founded out the word of the Lord. i Thef. i. 8.
Trumpet once more tofound at general doom. Milton.
That with one blaft through the whole houfe does bound.
And firft taught fpeaking-trumpets how tofound. Dryden.
Thither the filverfounding lyres
Shall call the fmiling loves and young defires. Pope.
2. To exhibit bylikenefs of found.
Why do you ftart, and feem to fear
Things that do found fo fair ? Shakefpeare.
They being told there was fmall hope of eafe
To be expected to their evils from hence.
Were willing at the firft to give an ear
To any thing thatfounded liberty. Ben. Johnfons Catiline.
This relation founds rather like a chymical dream than a
philofophical truth. Wilkins’s Math. Magic.
To Sound, v. a.
1. To caufe to make a noife; to play on.
And many nymphs about them flocking round.
And many tritons, which their horns did found. Spenfer.
Michael bid fund
Th’ archangel trumpet. Milton.
Mifenus lay; none fo renown’d
The warrior trumpet in the field tofound;
With breathing brafs to kindle fierce alarms.
And rouze to dare their fate in honourable arms. Dryden.
2. To betoken or diredt by a found.
Once Jove from Ida did both hofts furvey,
And, when he pleas’d to thunder, part the fray;
Here heav’n in vain that kind retreat fhould found,
The louder cannon had the thunder drown’d. Waller.
3. To celebrate by found.
Sun, found his praife. Milton.
Soundboard, n.f [found and board.'] Board which propa¬
gates the found in organs.
Try it without any foundboard along, only harpwife at one
end of the firing. Bacon’s Natural Hifory.
As in an organ, from one blafi of wind.
To many a row of pipes thefoundboard breathes. Milton.
Sounding, adj. [fromfound.] Sonorous; having a magni¬
ficent found. 0
Obfolete words may then be revived, when morefounding
or more figmficant than thofe in pradice. Dryden.
So'undly. adv. [fromfound.'] J
1. Healthily; heartily.
2. Lufiily; ftoutly; ftrongly.
When Duncan is afleep.
Whereto the rather {hall this hard day’s journey
Soundly invite him. _ Shakefp. Macbeth.
They did ply
My feet and hands with cords, and to the mail
With other halfers made mefoundly faft. Chapman's Odyffey.
Who had fo often in your aid
So many ways beenfoundly paid;
Came in at laft for better ends. Hudibras.
Have no concern,
Provided Punch, for there’3 the jeft,
P>efoundly maul’d, and plague the reft. Stvift.
Their nobility and gentry are one half ruined, banifhed, or
converted: they all foundly feel the finart of the laft Irifh
war. _ Swift.
3. "Lruly; rightly.
The wifeft are always the readieft to acknowledge, that
foundly to judge of a law is the weightieft thing which any man
can take upon him. Hooker.
The dodrine of the church of England, exprefted in the
thirty-nine articles, is fo foundly and orthodoxly fettled, as
cannot be queftioned without extreme danger to our re¬
ligion. Bacon.
4. P'aft ; clofely.
Now when that idle dream was to him brought.
Unto that elfen knight he bad him fly.
Where he fteystfoundly, void of evil thought. Fairy ffhtcen.
When the fucceflion of ideas ceafes, our perception of du¬
ration ceafes with it, which everyone experiments whilft he
fleepsfoundly. Locke.
Soundness, n.f. [fromfound.]
1. Health; heartinefs.
I would I had that corporal foundnef now.
As when thy father and myfelf in friendihip
T irft tried our foldierihip. Shakefpeare.
2. Truth; reditude; incorrupt fiate.
In the end, very few excepted, all became fubjed to the
fway of time: other odds there was none amongft them, faving
only that fome fell fooner away, and fome later from the foundnefs of belief. Hooker.
. Le% 1S milled in his politicks; but he hath given proof of
hisfoundnefs in religion. Swift.
3. Strength; folidity.
This prefuppofed, it may ftand then very well with ftren®th
andfoundnef of reafon, even thus to anfwer. Hooker.
Soup, n.f [foupe, French. J Strong decodion of flefii for
the table.
Spongy morells in ftrong ragoufts are found,
And in the fup the flimy fnail is drown’d. Gay's Trivia.
Let the cook daub the back of the footman’s new livery, or,
when he is going up with a difh of fup, let her follow him
foftly with a ladle-full. Swift.
SOUR. n.f. fyuji, yujrij, Saxon; Jar, Welfh.]
1. Acid; auftere; pungent on the palate with aftringency, as
vinegar, or unripe fruit.
Allfour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite. Bacon.
Their drink isfur. Hof.iw.s8.
But let the bounds of licences be fix’d.
Not things of difagreeing natures mix’d.
Not fweet withfur, nor birds with ferpents join’d. Dryden.
2. Harfh of temper; crabbed; peevifh; morofe; fevere.
He was a fcholar,
Lofty and four to them that lov’d him not. Shakef. H VIII.
A man of pleafant and popular converfation, rather free than
fur and referved. Waiton's Life of the Duke ofBuckingham.
Tiberius, otherwife averyfour man, would punctually per¬
form tins' rite unto others, and exped the fame. Brown.
He Laid a four thing to Laura the other day. Tatler.
Sullen and four, with difeontented mien
Jocafta frown’d. p .
3. Afflidive ; painful. ^ "
Let me embrace thefe fur adverfities ;
For wife men fay it is the wifeft courfe. Shakefp. H. VI.
4. Expreffing difeentent.
The lord treafurer often looked on me with a four countenance. ... Gulliver's Travels.
Sour. n.f. [from the adjedive.] Acid fubftance.
A thoufandfours to temper with one fweet,
To make it feem more dear and dainty. Spenfer
To Sour. v. a. * J •
1. To make acid.
His angelick nature had none of that carnal leven which
ferments to the fouring of ours. Decay of Piety
Thus kneaded up with milk, the new made man
His kingdom o’er his kindred world began;
’Till knowledge mifapply’d, mifunderftood,’
And pride of empire, four'd his balmy blood. Dryden
One paflion, with a different turn, J
Makes wit inflame or anger burn :
So the fun’s heat, with different pow’rs,
Ripens the grape, the liquorfurs. Sw'ft
2. To make harfh. *'r*
Tufts of grafsfour land. Mortimer's Hu bandry
3. I o make uneafy; to make lefs pleafing.
Hail, great king!
Tofur your happinefs, I muft report
The queen is dead. pir ~ ...
He brought envy, malice, and ambition into
foured to him the fweetnefs of the place j
4. To make difeontented. P Dr^n'
Not my own difgrace
madC ^°Ur my patient cheek’
one wrinkle on my fovereign’s face. Shakefpeare.
24 Three
sou sou
Three crabbed mouths hadfouftd themfelves to death,
Ere I could make thee open thy white hand. Shakejpeai e.
To Sour. v. n.
1. To become acid.
Afies milk, when it fours in the ftomach, and whey, turned
four, will purge ftrongly. Arbuthnot on Diet.
2. To grow peevifh or crabbed.
1 hey keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder
the hatred of vice from fouring into feverity. Addifcn.
If I turn my eyes from them, or feem difpieafed, they /cur
Spectator.
Addifcn s Cato.
upon it.
Source, n. f. [fource, French.]
i» Spring; fountain; head.
Kings that rule
Behind the hidden fources of the Nile.
2. Original; firft courfe.
This fecond fource of men, while yet but few.
With fome regard to what is juft and right.
Shall lead their lives. Milton s Farad. Loft.
This is the true fource and original of this mifehief. South.
Of himfelf is none;
But that eternal Infinite, and One,
Who never did begin, who ne’er can end.
On him all beings, as theirfource, depend. Dryden.
3 Firft producer.
Famous Greece,
Thatfource of art and cultivated thought,
Which they to Rome, and Romans hither brought. Waller.
So'urish. adj. [from j ur.] Somewhat four.
By diftillation we obtain a foiaijh fpirit, which will diftolve
coral. Boyle.
So'urly. adv. [from four.}
j. With acidity.
2. With acrimony.
T he ftern Athenian prince
'I hen four!y fmil’d. Drydeft0 Knight's Tale.
So'urness. n.f [fromfour.]
1. Acidity ; aufterenefs of tafte.
Sournrfs confifteth in fome greffnefs of the body, and incor¬
poration doth make the mixture of the body more equal,
which induceth a milder tafte. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
1’ th’ Spring, like youth, it yields an acid tafte;
But Summer doth, like age, the fournfs wafte. Denham.
He knew
For fruit the grafted pear-tree to difpofe.
And tame to plumbs the fournefs of the Hoes. Dryd. Virgil.
Of acid or four one has a notion from taPte, fournefs being
one of thofe fimple ideas which one cannot deferibe. Arbuthn.
Has life no fournefs^ drawn fo near its end ? Pope.
2. Afperity; harfhnefsof temper.
Pelagius carped at the curious neatnefs of mens apparel in
thofe days, and, through the fournefs of his difpofttion, fpokc
fomewhat too hardly thereof. Hooker.
He was never thought to be of that fuperftitiousfournefs,
which fome men pretend to in religion. King Charles.
Her religion is equally free from the weaknefs of fuperftition and the furnefs of enthuftafm : it is not of an uncom¬
fortable melancholy nature. Addifn's Freeholder.
So'ursop. n. f. [guanabanuSy Latin.] Cuftard-apple.
Jt grows in feveral parts of the Spanifh Weft-Indies, where
it is cultivated for its fruits. Miller.
Sous, n.f [fol, French.] A fmall denomination of money.
Souse, n.J. [font, fait, Dutch.]
1. Pickle made of fait.
2. Any thing kept parboiled in falt-piclde.
And he that can rear up a pig in his houfe.
Hath cheaper his bacon, and tweeter hisfouje. Tuffer.
All-faints, do lay for pork and Joufe,
Forfprats and fpurlings for your houfe. Tuffer.
To Souse, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To parboil, and fteep in pickle.
Ov!, though it (link, they drop by drop impart;
ButJoufe the cabbage with a bounteous heart. Pope.
2. To throw into water. A ludicrous fenfe.
They foufed me into the Thames with as little remorfe as
they drown blind puppies. Shakefpeare.
Who thofe were that run away.
And yet gave out th’ had won the day;
Although the rabble Jew'd them for’t,
O’er head and ears in mud and dirt. Butler.
"1 heyfoufed me over head and ears in water when a boy,
fo that I am now one of the molt cafe-hardened of the Iron-
__ fidcs. Addifcfts Guardian.
1 o Souse, v. n. [Of this word I know not the original.] To
fall as a bird on its prey.
i bus on fome filver fwan, or tim’rous hare,
Jove s bird comesJouJing down from upper air;
I Ier crooked tallons trufs the fearful prey.
Then out of fight fhe foars. ' Dryden's JEn.
Jove's bird will fouje upon the tim’rous hare,
And tender kids with his {harp talons tear. Dryden, jun.
To Souse, v.a. lo ftrike with ludden violence, as a bird
lirikcs his prey.
'I’he gallant monarch is in arms;
And like an eagle o’er his airy tow’rs,
1 oJoufe annoyance that comes near his neft. Shakefpeare.
Souse, adv. With fudden violence. A Jow word.
So uterrain. n.f [fouterraiiiy French.] A grotto or cavern
in the ground. Not Englifb.
Defences againft extremities of heat, as {bade, grottoes,
or fouterrains, are neccftary preservatives of health. Arbuthnot.
SOU IH. n.f [ put), Saxon; fuyd, Dutch; fuel, French.]
1. The part where the fun is to us at noon.
Eaft and Weft have no certain points of heaven, but North
and South are fixed ; and feldorn the far fouthern people have
invaded the northern, but contrariwife. Bacon.
2. The fouthern regions of the globe.
The queen of the South. Bible.
From the North to call
Decrepit Winter, from the South to bring
Solftitial Summer’s heat. Milton.
3. The wind that blow's from the South.
All the contagion of the South light on you,
You fhames of kome, you ! ShakeJ'p. Coriolanns.
The North-eaft fpends its rage, and now
Th’ effufive South warms the wide air. 7homfofts Spring.
South, adj. [from the noun.] Southern; meridional.
One inch of delay more is afouth fea off difeovery. Shakef
How thy garments are warm, when he quieteth the earth
by the fouth wind. fob xxxvii. iy.
Mean while thefouth wind rofe, and with black wings
Wide hovering, all the clouds together drove. Milton.
South, adv.
1. Towards the South.
His regiment lies half a mile
South from the mighty power of the king. Shak. R. ill.
2. From the South.
Such fruits as you appoint for longkeepin /. gather ir: a fair
and dry day, and when the wind bloweth notJcutL. Bacon.
So'uthing. adj. [from the noun.] Going towards the South.
I will condudl thee on th)' way,
When next thefouthing fun inflames the day. Dryden.
Not far from hence, if I obferv’d aright
The futbing of the ftars and polar light,
Sicilia lies. Drydn's BEn.
Southeast, n.f. [South and Eaft.] The point between the
Eaft and South ; the point of Winter funrife.
The planting of trees warm upon a wall againft the South,
or Southeaft fun, doth haften their ripening; and the Scutheafi
is found better than the Southweft. - Bacon.
The three feas of Italy, the Inferiour towards the Southeafl,
the Ionian towards the South, and the Adriatick on theNortheaft fide, were commanded by three different nations. Arbuth.
Southerly, adj. [from South.]
1. Belonging to any of the points denominated from the South;
not abfolutely fouthern.
2. Lying towards the South.
Unto fuch as live under the Pole that is only north which is
above them, that is onlyfoutherly which is below them. Brown.
Two other country bills give us a view of the moft eafterly,
wefterly, and foutherly parts of England. Graunt.
3. Coming from about the South.
I am but mad north, northweft : when the wind isfoutherly,
I know a hawk from a handfaw. Shakef Hamlet.
So'uthern. adj. [puSepne, Saxon ; from South.]
1. Belonging to the South ; meridional.
Why mourn I not for thee.
And with the fouthern clouds contend in tears? Shak. IB.VI.
2. Lying towards the South.
3. Coming from the South.
Mens bodies are heavier when fouthern winds blow than
when northern. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
Frowning Aufter fecks the fouthern fphere,
And rots with endlefs rain th’ unwholfome year. Dryden.
So'uthernwood. n.f [yffScpnpubu, Saxon ; abrotanwn, Lat ]
This plant agrees in moft parts with the wormwood, from
which it is not eafyto feparate it. Miller
So'uthmost. adj [from South.] Fartheft toward the South.
Next Chemos, th’ obfeene dread of Moab’s fons,
From Aroar to Nebo, and the wild
Of fouthmojl Abarim. Milton.
So'uthsay. n.f. [Properlyfocthfay.] Predi&ion.
All thofe were idle thoughts and fantafies,
Devices, dreams, opinions unfound,
Shews, vifions, fovthfays, and prophecies.
And all that feigned is, as leafings, tales, and lies. Fa. Ehi.
To So'uthsay. v. n. [See Soothsay ] To predidb
Young men, hovering between hope and fear, might eafdy
be carried into the fuperftition offouthfaying by names. Camden.
Southsay'er. n.f [Properlyfoothfayer. See Soothsayer.]
A predidler.
Southward, adv. [from South.] Towards the South.
Countries are more fruitful to the Jouthward than in the
northern parts. Raleigh's Hijlory ofthe World.
A prifoner in a room twenty foot fquare, is at liberty to
walk twenty footfouthward> but not northward, Locke.
3 Every
sow
fevery life, from the dreary months,
Flies conlciousfouthward. Thomfon’s Winter.
Southwf/st. n.f [South and TVeJl.\ Point between the South
and Weft; Winter fun-fet.
Phenice is an haven of Crete, and lieth toward the Southiveji. Afts xxv'n. 12.
The planting of trees warm upon a wall againft the South,
or Southeaft fun, doth haften their coming on and ripening ;
and the Southeaft is found to be better than the Southweji, tho’
the Suthzvejl be the hotter coaft. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
SOVVENAACE. n.f [French.] Remembrance; memory.
A P t ench word which with many more is now happily dilufed.
If thou wilt renounce thy mifcreance, }
Life will I grant thee for thy valiance, (
And all thy wrongs will wipe out of myfouvenance. Spenf j
Gave wond’rous great countenance to the knight,
'l hat of his way he had no fouvenance.
Nor care of vow’d revenge. Spenfer.
Sow. n.f [pujn, Saxon; foeg,fouwe, Dutch ]
1. A female pig; the female of a boar.
Boars have great fangs, fows much lefs. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
Afow beneath an oak fhall lye along,
And white herfelf, and white her thirty young. Drydcn.
For which they fcorn and hate them worfe
Than dogs and cats dofow gelders. Hudlbras.
Thefow gelder’s horn has fomething mufical in it, but this
is felclom heard. Addijon’s Spectator.
2. Perhaps from fow might come fwine, j-pma, Saxon.
And was’t thou fain
To hovel thee with fwine, and rogues forlorn.
In fhort and mufty ftraw ? Shakejp. Kins Lear.
3. An oblong mafs of lead. Ahfworth.
/). An infedft; a millepede. Ainjworth.
So'w bread, n.f. [cyclamen, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a thick round flefhy root: the flowers arife fingly
upon pedicles from the root, which confift of one leaf, divided
into five,or fix fegments, which are reflexed almoft to the bot¬
tom, where they are divided: the pointal of the flower be¬
comes around membranaceous fruit, which contains roundifh
feeds. Miller.
To SOW. v. n. [faian, Gothick; papan, Saxon; faeyen,
Dutch.] To fcatter feed in order to a harveft.
The one belongeth unto them that feek, the other unto them
that have found happinefs : they that pray do but yetfow, they
that give thanks declare they have reaped. Hooker.
The vintage fhall reach unto the fowing time. Lev. xxvi. 5.
They thatfow in tears, fhall reap in joy. Pf exxvi. 5.
He thatfoweth to his flefh, fhall reap corruption; but he
that foweth to the fpirit, fhall reap life everlafting. Gal. vi. 8.
Sow to yourfelves in righteoufriefs, and reap in mercy. Hof.
To Sow. v. a. part. paff. Jown.
1. To fcatter in the ground in order to growth; to propagate by
feed.
Like was not to be found.
Save in that foil where all good things did grow,
And freely fprung out of the fruitful ground
As incorrupted nature did themfew. Fairy ^ueen.
From Ireland come I with my ftrength,
And reap the harveft which that rafealJew’d. Shakef. IL. VI.
Ifow my law in you, and it fhal-1 bring fruit in you. 2 Efdr.
Many plants, which grow in the hotter countries, being fet
in the colder, will, being fown of feeds late in the Spring,
come up and abide molt part of the Summer. Bacon.
1 he intellectual faculty is a goodly field, capable of great
improvement; and it is the worft hufbandry in the world to
fow it with trifles or impertinencies. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
When to turn
T he fruitful foil, and when tofow the corn,
. Ifing, Mecrenas. _ Drydin’s Georg.
The proud mother views her precious brood.
And happier branches, which fhe neverfoivd. Dryden.
2. I o Ipread ; to propagate.
Frovvardnefs is in his heart: he devifeth mifehief continual¬
ly, hefoweth difeord. _ Prm)% vi. r4.
lojow a jangling noife of words unknown. Milton.
Since then they ftcind fecur d by being joined i
It were worthy a king’s head, to few diviiion,
And feeds of jealoufy, to loofe thofe bonds. * Fowe
Born to afflict my Marcia’s family,
Andfow diflention in the hearts of brothers. Acldif. Cato.
3. To impregnate or flock with feed. J
He fhall give the rain of thyfeecf, that thou fhalt/m the
ground withal. If Ax. 22.
4. To befprinkie.
He fow’d with ftars the heav’11 thick as a field. Milton.
Morn new fow’d the earth with orient pearl. Milton.
Td Sow. v. a. Forfew.
Some tree, whofe broad finooth leaves togetherfow’d,
And girded on, may cover round. Milton.
To Sowce. v. a. To throw into the water. See Souse.
ncfowced me up to the middle in the pond, L’EJlrange,
S FA
Sg'wer. n.f. [fromfow.]
1. He that fprinkles the feed.
Afower went forth to fow. ; Mat xiii. 3.
It is thrown round, as grain by a fkiirul fiver. Derh.mt.
2. A fcatterer.
Terming Paul and his dodlrine a fower of words, a very bab¬
bler Or trifler. Hakcwiil on Providence.
3. A breedef; a promoter.
T hey are fowers of fuits, which make the court fwell, and
the country pine. Bacon.
So'Vins. n f. Flummery, fomewbat foiif’d and made of oatmeal;
Thefefowins, that is, flummery, being blended together,
produce good yeaft. Mortimer s Husbandry
See where Norah with thefowins comes. Swift.
To Sowl. v. a. [from jow, as hogs are pulled by dogs, Skinner;
fromfoie, a ftrap, a rein, Kennet,'] To pull by the ears.
He'Jl go andfowl the porter of Rome-gates by th’ears. Shah.
Sown. The participle of fow. It is barbaroufly ufed by Swift
for fewed.
An hundred and fifty of their beds, fown together, made up
the breadth and length. Gulliver;
So^wthistle, n.f A weed.
Sowthiflles though coneys eat, yet fheep and cattle will not
touch; the milk of which rubbed on warts weareth them
away, which fheweth it is corrofive. Bacon.
Spaad. n.J. A kind of mineral.
Englifh talc, of which the coarfer fort is called plaifler or
parget; the finer; fpaad, earth fl.:x, or falamander’s hair.
Woodward’s Met. Fojf.
Space, n.f [fpatium, Latin.]
1. Room; local extenfion.
Space is the relation of diflance between any two bodies or
points. Locke.
Oh, undiftinguifh’dfpace of woman’s wit!
A plot upon her virtuous hufband's life.
And the exchange my brother. Shak. King Lear.
This which yields or fills all fpace. Milton.
Pure Jpace is capable neither of refiftance nor motion. Locke.
Space and motion can never be actually infinite : they have
a power only and a capacity of being increafcd without end;
fo that no fpace can be affigned fo valt, but ftill a larger may
be imagined ; no motion fo fwift or languid, but a greater ve¬
locity or flownefs may ftill be conceived. Bentley.
2. Any quantity of place.
I would not be the villain that thou think’ft
For the whole fpace that’s in the tyrant’s grafp.
And the rich Eaft to boot. Shakef. Macbeth.
There was but two ways to efcape; the one through the
woods about ten milesfpace to VValpo. Knolles.
In fuch a great ruin, where the fragments are great and
hard, it is not poffible they fhould be fo adjufled in their fall,
but that they would lie hollow’, and many-unfilled fpaces would
be intercepted amongft them. Burnet.
Meafuring firft with cafeful eyes
Thefpace his fpear could reach, aloud he cries. Dryden.
3. Quantity of time.
Nine times thefpace that meafures day and night
To mortal men, he with his hofrid crew
Lay vanquifh’d, rolling in the fiery gulph,
Confounded, though immortal. Milton.
In a lever the motion can be continued only for fo fhort a
fpace, as may be anfwerable to that little diflance betwixt the
fulciment and the weight. Wilkins’s Math. Mag.
God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people
a longerfpace of repentance : he may flay ’till the iniquities of
a nation be full; but fooner or later they have reafon to expert
his vengeance. Lillotjon’s Sermons. *
The lives of great men cannot be writ with any tolerable
degree of elegance or exa&nefs, within a fhort/pace after their
deceafe. Addtjon’s freeholder.
4. A fmall time; a while.
Sith for me ye fight, to me this grace
Both yield, to flay your deadly ftrife a fpace. Fairy 3>uecn.
Compaffion quell’d
His beft of man, and gave him up to tears
A fpace, ’till firmer thoughts reftrain’d excefs. Milton.
SPA'CIOUS. adj. [Jpacieux, Fr. fpatiofus, Latin.] Wide;
extenfive; roomy ; hot narrow.
The former buildings, which were but mean, contented
them not: fpacious and ample churches they ere&ed through¬
out every city. . Hooker.
Convey your pleaftires in a fpacious plenty;
And yet feem cold. iW
Merab with jpacious beauty fills the fight.
But too much awe chaftis’d the bold delight. Cow 'ev
Like an Englifh gen’ral will 1 die, "
And all the ocean make my Jpacious grave:
Women and cowards on the land may lie;
,The fea’s a tomb that’s proper for the brave. * Dryden.
bi’A ciousness. n.J. [fromJpacious.] Roominefs; wide exteniion;
Spa'ddlf..
SPA S P A
SpA'nm.r. n.f [Diminutive of fpade.] A little fpade.
Others deftrov moles with aJpaddbe, waiting in the morn¬
ings and evenings for them. Mortimer's Husbandry.
Spade, n.f [ppab, Saxon ; _/jade, Illandick and Dutch.]
i. The intirument of digging.
Take the air of the" eerth new turned up, by digging with
thefpade, or {landing by him thatdiggeth. Bacon.
Many learned men affirm, that fome ifthines have bee/i eat
through by the fea, and others cut by the fpade. Braun.
His next advance was to the foldier’s trade,
Where if he did not nimbly ply the jpade,
His furly officer ne er fail’d to crack
His knotty cudgel on his tougher back. Dryden.
Here nature never difference made
between the feeptre and the fpade. Swift.
2. A deer three years old. Ainfworth.
3. A fuit of cards.
Spa'diceous. adj. [fpadiceus, Latin.]
Of thofe five Scaliger beheld, though one wasfpadiceous, or
of a light red, and two inclining to red, yet was there not
anv of this complexion among them. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Spadi'lle. n.f [fpadillt, or efpadille, French.] The ace of
fpades at ombre.
Spagy'rick. adj. [ fpagyricus, Lat. A word coined by Parace/fus from fpabe>, a fearcher, Teutonick ] Chymical.
Spa'cyrist. n.f A chymift.
This change is fo unexampled, that though among the more
curiousfpagyrijis it be very well known, yet many naturalifts
cannot eafily believe it. Boyle.
Spake. T he old preterite of fpeak.
Sofpake the archangel Michael, then paus’d. Milton.
Spall, n.f. [efpau!e, French.] Shoulder. Out of ufe.
Their mighty ftrokes their haberions difmay’d,
And naked made each others manly fpalles. Fairfax.
Spalt, or Spelt, n.f A white, fcaly, firming ffone, frequently
ufed to promote the fufion of metals. Bailey.
SPAN. n.f. [ppan, yponne, Saxon; fpanna, Ital. fpan, Dutch.]
1. The fpace from the end of the thumb to the end of the little
finger extended.
A foot, the length of it, is a fixth part of the llatute; a
fpan, one eight; a palm, or hand’s breadth, one twenty-fourth ;
a thumb’s breadth, or inch, one feventy-fecond; and a fore¬
finger’s breadth one ninety-fixth. Holder on Time.
Will you with counters fum
The vafi proportion of his infinite?
And buckle in a wafte moft fathomlefs,
With fpans and inches fo diminutive
As fears and reafons ? Sbakefp. Troilus andCreffda.
Sum how brief the life of man
Runs his erring pilgrimage,
That the ftretching of a ypan
Buckles in his fum of age. Sbakefpeare.
When I removed the one, although but at the diftance of
a fpan, the other would {land like Hercules’s pillar. Brown.
2. Any ffiort duration.
You have fcarce time
To Real from fpiritual leifure a brief fpan,
To keep your earthly audit. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
The virgin’s part, the mother and the wife.
So well flic adled in thisJpan of life. WaUer.
Then confcience, unreftrain’d by fears, began
To ftrerch her limits, and extend the fpan. Dryden.
Life’s but a fan, I’ll ev’ry inch enjoy. Farqbuar.
To Span. v. a.
1. To meafure by the hand extended.
Oft on the well-known fpot I fix my eyes,
Andfan the diftance that between us lies. Ticked.
a. To meafure.
My furveyor is falfe; the o’er great cardinal
Hath fliew’d him gold; my life isfannd already. Sbakefp.
This foul doth Jpan the world, and hang content
From cither pole unto the centre;
Where in each room of the vvell-furnifti’d tent
He lies warm, and without adventure.
Harry, whole tuneful and well-meafur’d fong
Firft taught our Englilh mufick how tofpan
Words with juft note and accent, not to fcan
With Midas’ ears, counting fliort and long.
Span. The preterite of fpin. See Spin.
Together furioufly they ran,
That to the ground came horfe and man ;
f he blood out of their helmetsfpan.
So {harp were their encounters. Drayton's Nymphid.
Spa'ncounter. ln.f [from fpan, counter andfarthing.] A
Spa'nfakthing. J play at which money is thrown within a
fpan or mark.
1 ell the king, that for his father’s fake, Henry V. in whofe
time boys went toJpancounter for French crowns, I am content
he fliall reign. Sbakefpeare's Henry VI.
Boys (hall not play
Atfpancounter or blowpoint, but fliall pay
Toll to fome courtier. Donne.
Herbert.
Milton.
His chief folace is to fleal down, and play atfpanfarthtng
with the page. Swift.
Spang. n.J. [fpange, Dutch.] This word feems to have fignified a duller of filming bodies.
The colours that {hew beft by candlelight are white, carna¬
tion, and a kind of fea-water green; anJ ouches orfpangs,
as they are of no great coft, fo they are of moft glory. Bacon.
Spa'ngle. n.f. [Jpange, German, a buckle, a locket: whence
cherfpangen, ear-rings.]
1. A fmall plate or bois of fhining metal.
2. Any thing fparkling and fhining.
As hoary froft with fpangles doth attire
The molly branches of an oak half dead. Fairy f^uecn.
Thus in a ftarry night fond children cry
For the richJpangles that adorn the Iky. IVa 'ler.
The tw'mVWngfpangles, the ornaments of the upper world,
lofe their beauty and magnificence ; vulgar fpeclators fee them
but as a confufed huddle of petty illuminants. G/anvi.T.
That now the dew with fpangles deck’d ti e ground,
A fweeter fpot of earth was never found. Dryden.
To Spa'ngle. v. a. [from the noun.] To befprinkle with,
fpangles or fhining bodies.
T hey never meet in grove or green,
By fountain clear, orfpangled ftarlight fbeen. Sbakefpeare.
What liars doJpangle heaven with fuch beauty,
As thofe two eyes become that heavenly face. bhakefjeare.
Unpin thatfpangled breaftplate which you wear.
That th’ eyes of bufy fools may be ftopt theie. Donne.
Four faces each
Had, like a double Janus; all their fhape
Spangled with eyes, more numerous than thofe
Of Argus. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Then appear’d
Spangling the hemifphere, then firft adorn’d
With the bright luminaries, that fet and rofe. Milton.
The fpacious firmament on high,
With all the blue etherial fley.
And fpangPd heav’ns, a fhining frame,
Their great Original proclaim. AddiforPs SpeSlatcr.
Spa'niel. n.f [hifpanidus, Latin; efpagncu1, French.]
1. A dog ufed for fports in the field, remarkoble for fagacity and
obedience.
Divers days I followed his fteps ’till I found him, having
newly met with an excellent Jpaniel belonging to his dead
companion. Sidney.
There are arts to reclaim the wildeft men, as there are to
make fpaniels fetch and carry: chide ’em often, and feed ’em
feldom. Dryden s Spanijh Fryar.
2. Alow, mean, fneaking fellow; a courtier; a dedicator; a
penfioner; a dependant; a placeman.
I mean fweet words.
Low crooked curtefies, and bafe fpanicl fawning. Sbakefp.
I am yourfpaniel; and, Demetrius,
The more you beat me I will fawn on you. Sbakefpeare.
To Spa'niel. v. n. [from the noun] To fawn on; to play
the fpaniel.
The hearts
That fpaniel'd me at heels, to whom I gave
Their wilhes, do difeandy and melt their fweets
On blofloming Csefar. Sbakefpeare.
Spanish Broom, n.f [genijla juncea, Lat.] A plant fo called,
as being a native of Spain: it hath pliant branches, leaves placed
alternately, flowers of the pea-bloom kind, fucceeded by
fmooth pods, containing feveral kidney-fhaped feeds in each.
fMiller.
Spanish Nut. n.f [fifyrinebium, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a flower refembling the iris, from whence it differs
in having a double root, one lying over another, after the
fame manner as thofe of crocus and gladiolus. MilLr.
Spa'nker. n.f. A fmall coin.
Your cure too colls you but a fpanker. Denham.
Spa'nner. n.f The lock of a fufee or carabine. Bailey.
My prince’s court is now full of nothing but buft'-coats,
fpanners, and mulket-refts. HowcL
Spar, n.f
1. Marcafite.
Spar is a mixed body, confilling of cryffal incorporated
fometimes with lac lur.a, and fometimes with other mineral,
ftony, earthy, or metallick matter. Woodward.
Some ftones, as fpar of lead, diflolved in proper menftruums, become falts. Aewton s Opt.
2. [Spasre, Dutch.] A fmall beam ; the bar of a gate.
To Spar. v. n. To fight with prelufive ftrokes.
To Spar. v. a. [ppajijian, Saxon; fpcircn, German ] T©
ftmt; to clofe; to bar.
And if he chance come when I am abroad.
Sparse the yate fall for fear of fraud ;
Ne for all his worft, nor for his beft,
Open the door at his requeft. Spenfer's Paf.rals.
Six gates i’ th’ city with mafiy ftaples,
And correfponfive and fulfilling bolts.
Spar up the fons of Troy. Sbakefpeare.
Yet
\
J
SPA
Vet for {he yode thereat half agafl,
And Kiddie the doorJparred after her faft. Sfeh/e'r.
^pa'raele. n.f. [fpappan, Saxon, to fallen.] Small nails.
Spa'radrap. n.f [In pharmacy.] A cerecloth.
With application of the commonfparadrap for iflues, this
ulcer was by a fontanel kept open. Wifemari s Surgery.
To SPARE, v. a. [ppapan, Saxon ; fpcercn^Dutch; e/pargne,
French ]
1. To ufe frugally ; not to wafte; not to confume.
Thou thy father’s thunder didfl not/pare. Miltont
2. To have unemployed ; to fave from an\ particular ufe.
All the time he could Jpare from the necefiarv cares of his
weighty charge he bellowed on prayer, and ferving of God:
he oftentimes fpent the night alone in church-praying, his
head-piece, gorget, and gauntlets lying by him. Knolies.
He had no bread to fpare. L’Ejirange.
Only the foolifb virgins entertained this foolifh conceit, that
there might be an overplus of grace fufficient to fupply their
want; but the wife knew not of any that they had to [pari,
but fuppofed all that they had little enough. Titlot/on.
Let a pamphlet come in a proper juncture, and every one
who can /pare a {hilling {hall be a fubferiber. Swift.
3. To do without; to Iofs willingly.
I could have better/par’d a better man. Sbak. Hen. IV.
For his mind, 1 do not care,
That’s a toy that I could fpare;
Let his title be but great,
His clothes tich, and band fit neat. Ben. J.bnfon.
Senfe of pleafure we may well
Spare out of life perhaps, and not repine;
But pain is perfedt mifery. Milton.
Now {he might/pare the ocean, and oppofe
Your conduit to the fierceft of her foes. * JVal.tr.
The fair blefling we vouchfafe to fend;
Nor can ho/pare you long, tho’ often we may lend. Dryd.
4. To omit; to forbear.
We might have/par’d our coming. Milton.
Be pi eas’d your politicks to/pare ;
I’m old enough, and can myfelf take care. Dryden.
To ufe tenderly; to forbear; to treat with pity; not to
afflidt; not to deftroy; to ufe with mercy.
Spare us, good Lord. Common Prayer.
Who will fet the difeipline of wifdom over mine heart,
that they/pare me not for my ignorances ? Pec/us xxiii 2.
Doth not each look a flafh of lightning feel !
Which/pares the body’s {heath, but melts° the fled. Cleavel.
Dim fadnefs did notJpare
Celeftial vifages. Milton.
Lefs pleafure take brave minds in battles Won
Than in reftoring fuch as are undone:
Tygers have courage, and the rugged bear;
But man alone can whom he conquersJpare. Waller.
Spare me one hour I OJpare me but a moment. Irene.
6. To grant; to allow ; to indulge.
Set me in the remoteil place.
That Neptune’s frozen arms embrace;
Where angry Jove did never /pare
One breath of kind and temperate air. Po/couwion.
7. To forbear to inflict or impofe.
Spare my remembrance; ’twas a guilty day;
And {fill the blufn hangs here. 'Dryd. Allfor Love.
O fpare this great, this good, this aged king.
And/pare your foul the crime .' Dryden s Spanijb Fryar.
Spare my fight the pain
Of feeing what a world of tears it cods you. Dryden.
To Spare, v.n.
1. I o live frugally; to be parcimonious; to be not liberal.
H’ has wherewithal: in him
Sparing would {how a worfe fin than ill dodlrine. Shake/p.
I hofe wants, whLh they rather feared than felt, would
well enough be overcome by/paring and patience. Knolies.
(Jur labours late and early every morning,
Midft Winter frofts, then clad and fed with /taring.,
Rife to our toils. Ofwa >
God has not been fo/paring to men to make them barely
two-legged creatures, and left it to Ariftotle to make them
rational. ^ ,
When they difeover the paffionate clcHre of fame in the am¬
bitious man, they become/paring and faving in their commen¬
dations ; they envy him the fatisfadlion of an applaufe. Add/.
Now a refer voir to keep and/pare, *
The next a fountain fpouting through his heir. P0pe
No ftatute in his favour fays
How free or frugal I {hall pafs my days;
Who at fome times fpend, at others/pare,
Divided betweencarelcflhefs and care, Pope.
2. To forbear; to be fcrupulous.
His foldiers jpared not to fay that they fhould be unkindly
dealt with, if they were defrauded of the fpoil. Knolies.
In thetc relations, although he be more Jparing, his predcSPA
ceflbrs were very numerous
I 0 pluck and eat my fill 1 /par’d not.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
ALlt‘utl.
3< To ufe rnbfcy; to forgive; to he tetideh
Their king, out of a princely feeling, was/paring and corn•
pnflionatc towards his fubjedts. ^ Bacon'.
Spare, adj. ^
1. Scanty; not abundant; parcimonious.
He was/pare, butdifereet of fpeech ; better conceiving thari
delivering; equally flout and kind Ca ew’s Sur >. 0/Cornwal.
Men ought to beware, that they ufe not cxercife and afare
diet both. Bacons Natural Hi/iorj.
Join with thee calm peace and quiet;
Spare fad, that oft With gods doth diet. Milton.
1 he mailers of the world were bred up With fare diet;
and the young gentlemen of Rome felt no want of ltrength,
becaufe they ate but once a day. Locke.
1. Superfluous; unwanted.
If that no/pat e cloths he had to give.
His own coat he would cur, and it dillribute glad. F.
As any of our tick waxed well, he might be removed; for
Which purpofe there were fet forth ten/pare chambers. Bacon.
Learning feems more adapted to the female world than to
tne mae, becaufe they nave moreJpare time upon their hands,
ana lead a more fedentary life Addi/on’s Spectator.
In myjpare hours you’ve had your part;
Ev n now my lervile hand your fovereigri will obeys. Norr.
3* Lean; wanting flefh ; macilent.
Ogive me your pare men, and fpare me the gfeat ones. Sb.
If my name were liable to fear,
I do not know the man I fhould avoid
So Toon as that Jpare Caffius. Shake/p. Julius Crzfar.
His vifage drawn he felt to fharp and jpare,
His arms clung to his ribs. Milton’s Parad. LoJI.
Spare, n.J. [from the verb.] Parcimony; frugal ufe; hufbandry.
Not in ufe.
Our victuals failed us, though we had made good fpare of
them. Bacon.
Spa RtR. n.f. [from/pared] One who avoids expence.
By nature far from profufion, and yet a greater Jjarer than
a fav er ; tor though he had fuoh means to accumulate, yet his
forts, garrilons, and his headings, wherein he was only lumptuous, could not but foak his Exchequer. IVotton.
Spa/rerib. n.f. [Jpare and rib.[ Some part cut off from the
ribs: as, a jparenb of pork,
SpargeI'a ction. n.f. [Jpargo^Lat.] The adl of fprinkling.
Sparring, adj. [fromJpare.] 0
1. Scarce; little.
Of this there is with you (paring memory or none; but we
have large knowledge thereof. Bacon
2. Scanty; not plentiful.
If much exercife; then ufe a plentiful diet; and ifJparing
diet, then little exercife. Bacon.
Good air, folitary groves, and /paring diet, fufficient to
make you fancy yourfelf one of the fathers of thedefert. Pope.
3. Parcimonious ; not liberal.
Virgil being fo very /paring of his words, and leaving fo
much to be imagined by pie reader, can never be tranfiated as
he ought in any modern tongue. Dryden.
Though/paring of his grace, to mifehief bent,
He feldom does a good with good intent. Dryden,
Sparingly, adv. [from/paring.]
1. Not abundantly.
Give us leave freely to rendeir what we have in charge;
Or fhall we /paring! fhew you far off
The dauphin’s meaning? Shake/p. Henry V.
The borders whereon you plant fruit-trees fhould be large;
and fet with fine flowers ; but thin and Jparing/y, left they de¬
ceive the trees. Bacon’s Ejfays.
2. frugally; parcimonioufly; not lavifhly.
Speech of touch towards others {hould be fparingly ufed;
for difeourfe ought to be as a field, without coming home to
any man. . Bacon’s Ejfays.
High titles of honour were m the king’s minority fparingly
granted, becaufe dignity then waited on defert. Hayward.
Commend butfparingly whom thou do’ll love;
But lefs condemn whom thou do’ft not approve. * Denham
The morality of a grave fentence, affedied by Lucan, is
more fparingly ufed by Virgil. Dryden
3. With abftinence
Chrillians are obliged to tafte even the innocent plcafures of
life butjpaimgly. Atterlury.
4. i\ot with great frequency. ' J
Our facraments, which had been frequented with fo much
zeal, were approached marejparingly. Attcrburyj Sermons
5. wautioufly; tenderly.
SPARK, n.f. [ppeajica, Saxon ; fparke, Dutch.]
1. A fmall particle of fire, or kindled matter
JI:ZT’A 'Tathin|’ in f°weak, could import
hJll fi ,’Cy mUl1, COI’f,d,:r (° much how Cmall
^ 1 lct 1 UP> as how apt things about it are to take
T , Hooker.
I am about to weep; but thinking that
We are a queen, my drops of tears i’ll turn
I °/parks of fire.
24 R
Sbake/peare.
1 W3I
SPA
1 Was not forgetful of the [parks which fomc mens diflehnpers formerly ftudied to kindle in parliaments. K. Charles.
In this deep quiet, from what fuurce unknown,
Thofe feeds of lire that fatal birth difclofe:
And firft, few (catt’nngfparks about were blown,
Big with the flames that to our ruin rofe. Dryden.
Oh, may fome [park of your celeftial fire
The laft, the meaneft of your fons infpire. Pope.
2. Any thing fhining.
We have, here and there, a little clear light, fome [parks
of bright knowledge. Luke.
3. Any thing vivid or active.
If any [park of life be yet remaining,
Down, down to hell, and fay, I fent thee thither. Shake[p.
4. A lively, fhowy, fplendid, gay man. It is commonly ufed
ontempt.
How many huffing [parks have we feen, that in the fame
day have been both the idols and the fcorn of the fame flaves ?
L'F.Jlrange.
A [park like thee, of the mankilling trade
Fell lick. Dryden.
As for the difputes of (harpers, we don't read of any provifions made for the honours of fuch [parks. Collier.
The fineft[park-, and cleaneft beaux
Drip from the (houlders to the toes. Prior.
I who have been the poet’s[park to day,
Will now become the champion of his play. Granville.
Unlucky as Fungofo in the play, t
Thefe[parks with aukward vanity difplay >
What the fine gentlemen wore yefterday. Pope, j
ToSpark. v. n. [from the noun] To emit particles of lire;
to fparkle. Net in ufe.
Fair is my love,
When the rofe in her cheek appears.
Or in her eyes the fire of love doth [park. Spen[er.
Spa'rkful. adj. [[park and full.] Lively; brifk ; airy.
Hitherto will our[park[ulyouth laugh at their great grand¬
father’s Englifh, who had more care to do well than to fpeak
minion-like. Camden s Remains.
Spa'rkish. adj. [from[park.]
I. Airy; gay. A low word.
Is anything more[parki/h and better humour’d than Venus’s
accofting her fon in the defarts of Libya ? JValjh.
2. Showy ; well dreffed ; fine.
A daw, to be J"parkifk?, trick’d himfelf up with all the gay
feathers he could mufter. L'EJirange.
Spa'rkle n. [. [[from[park.]
1. A fpark; a fmall particle of lire.
He with repeated ftrokes
Of clafhing flints, their hidden fires provokes;
Short flame fucceeds, a bed of wither’d leaves
The dy'msg [parkles in their fall receives :
Caught into life, in fiery fumes they rife,
And, fed with (Longer food, invade the Ikies. Dryden.
2. Any luminous particle.
To detradf from the dignity thereof, were to itjure ev’n
God himfelf, who being that light which none can approach
unto, hath fent out thefe lights whereof we are capable, even
as fo many[parkles refembling the bright fountain from which
they rife. Hooker.
When reafon’s lamp, which, like the fun in fky.
Throughout man’s little world her beams did fpread.
Is now become a [parkle which doth lie
Under the afhes, half extinct and dead. Davies.
Ah then ! thy once lov’d Eloifa fee !
It will be then no crime to gaze on me.
See from my cheek the tranlient rofes die.
See the laft [parkle languifh in my eye. Pope.
To Spa'rkle. v. n. [from the noun.]
j. To emit fparks.
2. To iflue in fparks.
The bold defign
Pleas ’d highly thofe infernal ftates, and joy
Sparkled in all their eyes. Milton.
3. To (hine; to glitter.
„ A hair feen in a microfcope lofes its former colour, and is
in a great meafure pellucid, with a mixture of fome bright
[park/ing colours, fuch as appear from the refradtion of dia¬
monds. Locke.»
Politulus is a fine young gentleman, who [parkles in all
the fhining things of drefs and equipage. JCatts.
Spa'rklikcly. adv. [fromJparkling.] With vivid and twink¬
ling luftre.
Diamonds fometimes would look more[park'angly than they
were wont, and fometimes far more dull than ordinary. Boyle.
Spa’rklingness. n.[. [ftom[parkling.] Vivid and twinkling
luftre.
I have obferved a manifeftly greater clearnefs and [parklitgnrfs at fome times than at others, though I could not re¬
fer it to the fuperlicial clearnefs or foulnefsof the (tone. Boyle.
Spa'rrow. n.[ [rpearya, Saxon.] A linall bird.
SPA
Difmay’d not this
Macbeth andBanquo? Yes,
As [parrows, eagles ; or the hare, the lion. Shakefpeari.
1 here is great probability that a thoufand[parrows will fly
away at the fight of a hawk among them. Watts.
Spa rrowij awk, or[parhawk. n.[ [ppeapjJapoc, Saxon.]
The female of the mufket ha\Vk. Hanmtr.
Spa rrowgr ass. n.[ [Corrupted from a[paragus ]
Your infant peafe to[parroivgrafs prefer,
Which to the fupper you may heft defer. King.
Spa rr\. adj. [from[par.] Conflfting of fpar.
In which manner fpar is ufually found herein, and other
minerals; or fuch as are of fome obfervable figure; of which
fort are the[party ftiiae, or icicles called ftaladfitae. Woodw.
Spasm. n.[. [[pnjme, hr. <r&d,<Ty.(x,.] Convulfion; violent
and involuntary contradfion of any part.
All the maladies
Of ghaftly fpaftn, or racking torture, qualms
Of heartTick agony. Milton.
Wounds are fubjedt to pain, inflammation, [pa[m. Wifeman.
Carminative things dilute and relax; becaufe wind occafions a[pa[m or convulfion in fome part. Arbuthnot.
Spa'smodick. adj. [Jpafmsdique Fr. from fpafm.] Convullive.
Spat. The preterite of[pit.
And when he hadJpat on the ground, he anointed his eyes.
Go/pel*
Spat. n. [. The young fhell-flfh
A reticulated film found upon fea-fhells, and ufually flippofed to be the remains of the veficles of thejpat of fome fort
of fhell-fifh. Woodward on Foffhi
ToSpa'tiate. v n. [Jtpatter, Latin.] To rove; to range;
to ramble at large.
Wonder caufeth aftonifhment, or an immoveable pcfture
of the body, caufed by the fixing of the mind upon one cogi¬
tation, whereby it doth not[patiate and tranfeur. Bacon,
Confined to a narrow chamber, he could jpatiate at large
through the whole univerfe. Bentley.
To Spa tter, v. a. [j-pat, fpit, Saxon.]
x. To fprinlde with dirt, or any thing offenfive.
1 he pavement fwam in blood, the walls around
Were [patter’d o’er with brains. Addi[on.
2. To throw out any tiling offenfive.
His forward voice now is to fpeak well of his friend; his
backward voice is to[patter foul fpeeches, and co detradt. Shak.
3, Toafperfe; to defame.
I o Spa tter. v. n. I o fpit; to (patter as at any thing naufeous taken into the mouth.
They fondly thinking to allay
Their appetite with guft, inftead of fruit
Chew’d bitter afnes, which th’ offended tafte
With[pattering noife rejedted. Milton.
Spatterdashes, n [ [[patter and dajh.] Coverings for the
legs by which the wet is kept off.
Spa'ttling Poppy, n [. White behen. A plant which is a
fpecies of campion. , Miller.
Spa'tula. n.J [Jpatha, Jipathula, Latin.] A fpattle or dice.
Spatula is an inftmment ufed by apothecaries and furgeons
in fpreading plaifters orftirring medicines together. Quincy.
In railing up the hairy fcalp fmootb with my fpatula, I could
difeover no fault in the bone. 1 en.ar Si•rorry.
Spa'vin. n.[ [ efpavent, Fr. [pc.vanoy Italian.] 'l his dif Ye
in horfes is a bony excrefcence or cruftas hard as a bone,
that grows on the infide of the hough, not far from the elbow,
and is generated of the fame matter by which the bones or li¬
gaments are nourilhed : it is at firft like a tender griftle, but
by degrees comes to hardnefs. Farrier’s Diet.
They’ve all new legs and lame ones ; one would take it.
That never faw them pace before, thefpavin.
And fpringhalt reign’d among them. Shake[p<care.
If it had been afpavin, and the afs had petitioned for an¬
other farrier, it might have been reafonable. L’lijlr•ante.
Spaw. n.[ [from Spaw in Germany.] A place famous for
mineral waters ; any mineral water.
To Spawl. v. n. [fpcethan, to fpit, Saxon.] To throw moifture out of the mouth.
He who does on iv’ry tables dine,
His marble floors with drunken fpawlings (bine. Dryden.
What rnifehief can the dean have done him.
That I raulus calls for vengeance on him?
Why muft he fputter, Jpawl, and flaver it,
In vain againft the people s fav’rite. Swift.
Spawl. n.[ ypatl, Saxon.] Spittle; moifture cje&cd from
the mouth.
Of fpittle (he Iuftration makes ;
Then in the fpuwl her middle finger dips,
Anoints the temple, forehead, and the lips. Dryden.
Spawn, n. f. [[penef[penney Dutch.]
1. The eggs of flflij or of frogs.
Matters of the people,
Your multiplyingy/wzctf how can he flatter
That’s thoufand to one good one ? Sbakejpeare's Coriolanus.
God
S P E
God faid, let the waters generate
Reptile, with /pawn abundant, living foul 1 Milton.
Thefe ponds, in fpawning time abounded with frogs, and
a great deal of fpawn. Hay on the Creation.
2.Any product or offspring. In contempt.
’Twas not the J'paivn of l'uch as thefe
That dy’d with Punick blood the conquer’d feas,
And qiiafht the ftern ^Eacides. Rofcommon.
This atheiftical humour was the fpaivn ofthe grofs fuperuifions of the Romifh church and court. Tillotfon.
To Spawn, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To produce as fifties do eggs.
Some report a fea-maid fpawn d him. Shakefpeare.
2. To generate; to bring forth. In contempt.
What pra&ices fuch principles as thefe may /pawn, when
they are laid out to the fun, you may determine. Sivift.
To Spawn, v. n.
1. To iffue as eggs from fifth
2. To iffue ; to proceed. In contempt.
It is fo ill a quality, and the mother of fo many ill ones that
fpaivn from it, that a child fhould be brought up in the greateft
abhorrence of it. , Locke.
Spaw'ner. n. f [from/pawn.] The female fifth
The barbel, for the prefervation of their feed, both the
fpawner and the melter cover their fpawn with fand. Walton.
To Spa v. v. a. [fpach, Latin.] To caftrate female animals.
Be dumb you beggars of the rythming trade,
Geld yourloofe wits, and let your mufe be fpay’d. Cleavel.
The males muff: be gelt, and the fowsfpay’d; the[pay’d they
efteem as the moft profitable, becaufe of the great quantity of
fat upon the inwards. Mortimer’s Jrbjbandry.
To Speak, v. n. [Preterite, fpake oxfpoke ; participle paffive,
fpoken ; ypecan, Saxon; fpreken, Dutch.]
i. To utter articulate founds; to exprefs thoughts by words.
Speaking is nothing elfe than a feniible expreffion of the no¬
tions of the mind, by feveral difcriminations of utterance of
voice, ufed as ftgns, having by confent feveral determinate ,
fignificancies. Holder.
Hannah fpake in her heart, only her lips moved, but her
voice was not heard. i Sam. i. 13.
pg, To harangue; to make a fpeech.
Many of the nobility made themfelves popular by fpeaking
in parliament, againff: thofe things which were moft grateful
to his majefty, and which ftill paffed notwilhftanding their
contradiction. Clarendon.
Therfites, though the moft prefumptuous Greek,
Yet durff not for Achilles’ armourjpeak. Dryden.
3. To talk for or againff:; to difputeA knave fhould have fome countenance at his friend’s requeft. An honeft man, fir, is able to [peak for himfelf when
a knave is not. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
The general and his Wife are talking of it;
And fhe J'peaks for you ftoutly. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
When he had no power,
He was your enemy ; ftill fpake againff:
Your liberties and charters. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
4. To difcourfe; to make mention.
Were fuch things here as we dofpeak about?
Or have we eaten of the infane root,
That takes the reafon prifoner. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Lot went out and fpake unto his fons in law. Gen. xix. 14.
The fire you fpeak of,
If any flames of it approach my fortunes,
I’ll quench it not with water, but with ruin. Ben. Johnfon.
They could never be loft, but by an univerfal de’uge which
has been fpoken to already. Tillotfon s Sermons.
Lucan [peaks of a part of Caefar’s army that came to him,
from the Leman-lake, in the beginning of the civil war. Addif
Had Lutherfpoke up to this accufation, yet Chryfoftom’s ex¬
ample would have been his defence. Atterlury,
4. To give found.
Make all your trumpetsfpeak, give them all breath,
Thofe clam’rous harbingers of blood and death. Shakcfp.
5. To Speak with. To addreff ; toconverfe with.
Thou can’ft not fear us, Pompey, with thy fails,
We’ll fpeak with thee at fea. Shakcfp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
I fpake with one that came from thence.
That freely render’d me thefe news for true. Shakefpeare.
Nicholas was by a herald fent for to come into the great
bafia ; Solyman difdaining tofpeak with him himfelf. Kuolies.
To Speak, v. a.
1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce.
Saul fpake not any think that day. 1 Sam. xx. 16.
Mordecai had fpoken good, Ejlh. vii. e.
Confider of it, take advice, andfpeak your minds. Judges.
They fat down with him upon the ground, and none[puke
a word. Job ii. i 3.
When divers were hardened, and believed not, but fpake evil
of that way before the multitude, he departed. Adis xix. 9.
You, from my youth,
• Have known and try’d me,[peak 1 more than truth? Sandys.
S P E
What you keep by you, you may change and mend.
But words once Jpoke can never be recall’d. Waller',
Under the tropick is our language /poke.
And part of Flanders hath receiv’d our yoke. Waller.
He no where fpeaks it out, or in direCt terms calls them
fubftances. Locke.
Coloursfpeak all languages, but words are underftood only
by fuch a people or nation. Spectator.
2. 'Fo proclaim ; to celebrate.
It is my father’s mufick
T6 fpeak your deeds, not little of his care
To have them recompenfed. Shakefpeare’s Winter’s Tale.
3. To addrefs ; to accoft.
If he have need of thee, he will deceive thee, ftnile upon
thee, put thee in hope, [peak thee fair, and fay, what wanteff:
thou ? Ecclus xiii. 6.
4. To exhibit.
Let heav’n’s wide circuitfpeak
The Maker’s high magnificence. Milton,
Spea'kable, adj. [fromfpeak.]
1. Poffible to be fpoken.
2. Having the power of fpeech.
Say,
How cam ft thoujpeakable of mute. Milton.
Spea'ker. n. f. [fromfpeak.']
1. One that fpeaks.
T hefe fames grew fo general, as the authors were loft in
the generality offpeakers. Bacon's Henry VII.
In conversation or reading, find out the true fenfe, idea
which thefpcaker or writer affixes to his words. Waits s Logick.
Common fpeakers have only one fet of ideas, and one fet
01 words to cloath them in; and thefe are always ready at the
°uth- . Swift.
2. One that fpeaks in any particular manner.
Horace’s phrafe is torret jecur;
And happy was that curiousfpeaker. Prior.
3. One that celebrates, proclaims, or mentions.
After my death, I wifh no other herald.
No otherjpeaker of my living actions
I o keep mine honour irom corruption. Shakefpeare,
4. The prolocutor of the commons.
I have difabled myfell like an electedfpeaker of the houfe. Dryd
Spea king 'Trumpet, n.f. A ftentorophonick inftrument; atrumpet by wnich the voice may be propagated to a great diitance.
Thyt witn one blaft through the whole houfe does bound.
And firft taughtfpeaking trumpet how to found. Dryden.
Spear.^ n.f [yf-per, Welfn; ypejie, Saxon -,fpere, Dutch-,fpare,
old French; Jparum, low Lat.J
1. A long weapon with afharp point, ufed in thrufting or throw¬
ing ; a lance.
I h Egyptian, like a hill, himfelf did rear.
Like fome tall tree ; upon it feem’d a fpear. Cowley.
Nor wanted in his grafp
What feem’d both fhield andfpear. Milton,
The Skyingfpear
Sung innocent, and fpent its force in air. Pope.
T lie rous’d up lion, refolute and flow,
Advances full on the protended fpear. Thomfon,
2. A lance generally with prongs, to kill fifh.
T he borderers watching, until they be paft up into fome nar¬
row creek, below them, caft a ftrong corded net athwart the
ftream, with which, and their loud Ihouting, they ftop them
from retiring, until the ebb have abandoned them to the hunt¬
er s mercy, who, by an old cuftom, fhare them with fuch indifferency, as if a woman with child be prefent, the babe in
her womb is gratified with a portion : a point alfo obferved
by thefpear-hunters in taking of Salmons. Carew.
To Spear, v. a. [from the noun.] To kill or pierce with a
fpear.
To Spe ar, v.n. To fhoot or fprout. This is commonly writ¬
ten fpire.
Let them not lie left they fhould fpear, and the air dry and
fpoil the fhoot. Mortimer’s Hufbandry,
Spea'rgrass, n.f [fpear and grafs.] Long ftlff grafs.
1 ickle our nofes with fpeargraf to make them bleed ; and
then beflubber our garments with it. Shakefpeare s Henry IV.
SpjJa'Rman. n.f [fpear and man.] One who uies lance in fDht*
Thejpearman’s arm by thee, great God, dire&ed.
Sends forth a certain wound. J ^rior'
Spea'rmint. n.f. A plant; a fpecies of mint.
Spea/rwort. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
Spe'cial. adj [jpeeial, Fs.fpecialis, Latin.]
1. Noting a Sort or fpecies.
A fpe ial idea is called by the fchools a fpecies. Watts
2. Particular; peculiar. 1 watts,
Moft commonly with a certain [,eaal grace of her own,
waggmg her hps, and winning inftcad of fmiling. Sid„j
ml f rnLVnraLb00kS-°t fcnPturc having had each fome feve^
• • . f 1 . a PtUuvular purpoie which caufed them to be
.» ° C<]>nte1n<;s thereof are according to the exigence of
thatJp<fc ai end wbereunto they are intended. Hooker.
Of
S P E SPE
Of all men alive
I never yet beheld thatfpeciaJ face.
Which I could fancy more than any other. Shakefpeare.
Nought fo vile that on the earth doth live.
But to the earth fome fpecial good doth give. Shakespeare.
Our Saviour is reprefented every where in feripture, as the
fpecial patron of the poor and the afflihled, and as laying their
intereds to heart more nearly than thofe of any other of his
members. Sitterburys Sermons.
3. Appropriate ; defigned for a particular purpofe.
O Neal, upon his marriage with a daughter of Kildare,
was made denizen by afpecial adt of parliament. Davies.
4. Extraordinary; uncommon.
That which neceffity of fome fpecial time doth caufe to be
enjoined, bindeth no longer than during that time, but doth
afterward become free. Hooker.
Though our charity fliould be univerfal, yet as it cannot
be actually exercifed, but on particular times, fo it fhould
be chiefly on fpecial opportunities. Spratt’s Sermons.
He bore
A paunch of the fame bulk before;
Which dill he had afpecial care
To keep well cramm’d with thrifty fare. Hudilras.
5. Chief in excellence.
The king hath drawn
The fpecial head of all the land together. Shakef. Henry IVY
Specially, adv. [fromfpecial.]
1. Particularly above others. 1
Specially the day that thou flooded before the Lord. Deutr.
A brother beloved, fpecially to me. Phil. xvi.
2. Not in a common way; peculiarly.
Ifthere be matter of law that carries any difficulty, the jury
may, to deliver themfelves from an attaint, find itfpecially.
Hale.
Specialty. I n. f. [fpecialite., French ; from fpecial.'] ParSpecia'lity. $ ticularity.
On thefe two general heads all other fpecialtics are depen¬
dent. Hooker.
The packet is not come,
Where that and otherfpecialties are bound. Shakefpeare.
Speciality of rule hath been negledled. Shakefpeare.
When men were fure, that in cafe they reded upon a bare
eontradl withoutfpeciality, the other party might wage his law,
they would not red upon fuch contracts without reducing the
debt into a fpeciality which accorded many fuits. Hale.
Spe'cies. n.f. [fpecies, Latin.]
1. A fort; a fubdivifion of a general term.
A fpecial idea is called by the fchools afpecies; it is one
common nature that agrees to feveral Angular individual be¬
ings : fo horfe is a fpecial idea orfpecies as it agrees to Buce¬
phalus, Trot, and Snowball. Watts.
2. Clafs of nature; Angle order of beings:
He intendeth only the care of theJpecies or common natures,
butletteth loofe the guard of individuals or Angle exidencies.
Brown s Vulgar Errours.
For we are animals no lefs,
Although of differentfpecies. 7 Hudibras.
rI hou nam’d a race which mud proceed from me.
Yet my whole fpecies in myfelfl fee. Dryden.
A mind of fuperior or meaner capacities than human would
conditute a differentfpecies, though united to a human body
in the fame laws of connexion : and a mind of human capa¬
cities would make anothery/;mVr, if united to a different bo¬
dy in different laws of connexion. Bentley's Strmons.
3. Appearance to the fenfes; any vifible or fenAble reprefentation.
An apparent diverflty between thefpecies vifible and audible
is, that the vifible doth not mingle in the medium, but the
audible doth. Bacon.
It is a mod certain rule, how much any body hath of co¬
lour, fo much hath it of opacity, and by fo much the more
unAt it is to tranfmit thefpecies. Ray cn the Creatv.n.
Thefpecies of the letters illuminated with blue were nearer
to the lens than thofe illuminated with deep red by about three
inches, or three and a quarter; but the fpecies of the letters
illuminated with indigo and violet appeared fo confufed and
indidindl, that I could not read them. Newton s Opticks.
4* Reprefentation to the mind.
Wit in the poet, or wit-writing is no other than the facul¬
ty of imagination in the writer, which fearches over all the
memory for the fpecies or ideas of thofe things which it defigns
to reprefent. Dryden.
5. Show ; vifible exhibition.
Shews and fpecies ferve bed with the common people.
Bacon,
6. Circulating money.
As there was in the time of the greated fplendour of the Ro¬
man empire, a lefs quantity of current]<ecics in Europe than
there is now, Rome poffefled a much greater proportion of
the circulating fpecies tf its time than any European city.
k Jrbutknot on Coins.
7- Simples that have place in a compound.
Speci'fical. 1 , . , r . 4
Speci'fiCk \ alJ' 1 fpeufiqwc, french; jpeetes and facto. ^
1. That which makes a thing of the fpecies of which it is.
That thou to truth the per'edt way may’ltknow,
H o thee all herj'pecfick forms I’ll diow. Denham,
1 he underdanding, as to the exercife of this power, is
fubject to the command of the will, though as to the fpaifick
nature of its a£ts it is determined by the object. South.
By whofe dire&ion is the nutriment fo regularly didributed into the refpeclive parts, and how are they kept to their
fpecifick uniformities? GlonviUe.
Thefe principles I confider not as occult qualities, fuppofed
to refult from thefpecf.ck forms of things, but as general laws
of nature by which the things themfelves are formed; their
truth appearing to us by phenomena, though their caufcs be
not yet di(covered. Newton’s Opticks,
As all things were formed according to thefe fpecifical plat¬
forms, fo their truth mud be meafured from their conformity
to them. _ Norris.
SpLcfck gravity is the appropriate and peculiar gravity or
weight, which any fpecies of natural bodies have, and by
which they are plainly didinguifhable from all other bodies of
different kinds. gkuincey.
Thefpecifck qualities of plants reAde in their native fpirit,
oil and eflential fait: for the water, Axt fait and earth appear
to be the fame in all plants. Jrbutknot.
Specifck diderence is that primary attribute which didinguifhes each fpecies from one another, while they dand rank¬
ed under the fame general nature or genus. Though wine
differs from other iiquids, in that it is the juice of a certain
fruit, yet this is but a general or generick diderence ; for it
does not didinguifh wine from cyder or perry: the.fpecifick
difference of wine therefore is its preflure from the grape; as
cyder is preffed from apples, and perry from pears. Watts.
2. [in medicine.] Appropriated to the cure of fome particular
didemper. It is ufually applied to the arcana, or medicines
that work by occult qualities.
The operation of purging medicines have been referred to
a hidden propriety, a fpecifical virtue, and the like fhifts of
ignorance. ' ' Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
If die would drink a good decodlion offarfa, with the ufual
fpecificks, die might enjoy a good health. JFifcman.
Specifically, adv. [fromfpecifick.~\ In fuch a manner as to
conditute a fpecies ; acording to the nature of the fpecies.
His faith mud be not only living, but lively too; it mud
be put into a podure by a particular exercife of thofe feveral
virtues that are fpccifically requiAte to a due performance of
this duty. South's Sermons.
Human reafon doth not only gradually, butfpccifically dider
from the fantadick reafon of brutes, which have no conceit
of truth, as an aggregate of divers Ample conceits, nor of
any other univerfal. Grew.
He mud allow that bodies were endowed with the fame af¬
fections then as ever Ance; and that, if an ax head be fup¬
pofed to float upon water which isfpecifically lighter, it had been
iupernatural. Bentby.
To Speci'ficate. v. a. [from fpecies and facio.] To mark by
notation of didinguidhng particularities.
Man, by the indituted law of his creation, and the common
influence of the divine goodnefs, is enabled to a£t as a reafonable creature, without any particular,Jpecificating, concurrent,
new imperate act of the divine fpecial providence. Hale.
Speci fication, n.f. [from fpecifick ; figedification, Fr.j
1. DidinCt notation ; determination by a peculiar mark.
This fpecification or limitation of the quedion hinders the
difputers from wandering away from the precife point of etiquiry. /VMs’s Improvement ofthe Aliiid.
2. Particular mention.
The conditution here fpeaks generally without the fpeci¬
fication of any place. Aylifife's Parergon.
To Spe'cify. v. a. [fromfpecies;fpecificer, Fr.j To mention ;
to diow by fome particular marks of diltin&ion. '
As the change of fuch laws as have been fipecified is neceffary, fo the evidence that they are fuch, mud'be great. Hooker.
St. Peter doth not fipecify what thefe waters were. Burnet.
He has there given us an exact geography of Greece, wheie
the countries, and the ufes of their foils arc fipecified. Pope.
Spe'cimen. n.f. [J'pecimcn, Latin.] AAimple; apart of any
thing exhibited that the red may be known.
Several perfons have exhibited fadmens of this art before
multitudes of beholders. Jddifn's Spectator.
Spf'cious. adj. [ fpecieux, Yx.fiptciofius, Latin.]
I. Showy; pleaflng to the view.
The red, far greater part,
Will deem in outward rites and Jpecious forms,
Religion fatisfy’d. Aliltor
She next I took to wife,
O that I never had ! fond wi£h too late !
Was in the vale of Sorec, Dalila,
T hat ffecious monfler, my accomplidi'd fnare. Alliton.
2. PlauAble;
I
S P E
2.Plaufible; fuperficially, not falidly right; Hriking at firft
view.
Bad men boafl
Their fpecioui deeds on earth which glory excites.
Or dole ambition varnilh’d o’er with zeal. Milton:
Somewhat offpeciout they muil have to recommend themfelves to princes; for folly will not eafily go down in its na¬
tural form. Dryden.
Temptation is of greater danger, becaufe it is covered with
theJpccious names of good nature and good manners. Regers.
This is the only fpecious objection which our Romilh adverfaries urge againft the doctrine of this church in the point of
celebacy. Atte’bury.
Spe'ciously adv. [fromfpecious.] With fair appearance.
Piety is oppofed to hypocrify and unfincerity; efpecially to
that perfonated devotion under which any kind of impiety is
wont to be difguifed, and put off morefpecisufly. Hammond.
Speck, n. J. [ypecec, Saxon ] A fmall difcoloration ; a fpot.
E\ery fpeck does not blind a man. Govern, ofthe Tongue.
Then are they happy, when
No /peck is left of their habitual Hains;
Rut the pure aether of the foul remains. Dryden s JEneid.
To Speck, v. .a. To fpot; to ftain in drops.
Fiow’r
Carnation, purple, azure, or/peek’d with gold. Milton.
Speckle, n. f, [iromfpeck.] Small fpeck; little fpot.
To Speckle, v. a. [from the noun J To mark with fmall
fpots.
So dreadfully he towards him did pafs,
Foreliftmg up aloft hisj'peckled breafl.
And often bounding on the bruifed grafs,
As for great joy of his new comen guefl. Fairy SQiieen.
Speckl’d vanity
Will ficken foon and die,
And leprous fin will melt from earthly mould. Milton.
Saw’ll thou not late afpeckl'd ferpent rear
His gilded fpires to climb on yon fair tree?
Before this happy minute I was he. Dryden.
The fmiling infant in his hand fhall take
The crelled bafililk andJpeckled fnake ;
Pleas’d the green lullre ofthe feales furvey.
And with their forky tongue and pointlefs fling fhall play.
Pope's Meffiab.
The tortoife here and elephant unite,
Transform’d to combs, the fpeckl'd and the white. Pope.
Speckt, or fpeight, n. f. A woodpecker. Ainfworth.
Spe'ctacle. n.f [fpedae’e^ Fr. fpedaculum^ Latin.]
1. A fhow; a gazing (lock; any thing exhibited to the view as
eminently remarkable.
In open place produc’d they me,
To be a publick fpedacle to all. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
We are made a fpedacle unto angels, and men. x Cor. iv. 9.
2. Any thing perceived by the fight.
Forth riding underneath the callle wall,
A dunghill of dead carcafes he fpy’d,
The dreadfulfpedacle of that fad houfe of pride. Fa. Spuecn.
When pronouncing fentence. feem not glad.
Such fpefiacles, though they are jufl, are lad. Denham.
3. [In the plural.] Glaffes to affifl the fight.
The fixth age fhifts
Into the lean and fiipper’d pantaloon,
Withfpettacles on nofe and pouch on fide, Shakefpcare.
We have helps for the fight far above fpedacles and glaflesi
Bacon.
It is no fault in the fpedacles that the blind man fees not.
Glanvilie's Apology.
Shakefpeare was naturally learned : he neede'd not the fpcctades of books to read nature ; he looked inwards and found
her there. Dryden on Dramatick Pocfy.
The fo.tfk.fpcflacle-m2k.er did not think that he was leading
the way to the difeovery of new planets. Grew.
T his is tbe reafon of the decay of fight in old men, and
fhews why their fight is mended by fpeflacles. Newton.
This day, then let us not be told.
That you are fick and I grown old ;
Nor think on our approaching ills.
And talk offpeflacles and pills. Swift.
'Spe'CTacled. adj. [from the noun.] Furnifhed with fpectacl^s. * r
All tongues fpeak of him, and the bleared fights
Are fpeflacLd to fee him. SbakefpeareP Coddanus.
Specta'tion. n.f. [J'peflatio, Latin.] Regard; refpeft.
This fimplefpeflation of the lungs is differenced from that
which concomicates a pleurify. Harvey
Spectator, n.f [fpeflateur^ Fr.fpcdator, Latin.] A looker
on; a beholder.
More
Than hiflory can pattern, though devis’d
And play’d, to take fpeflatms. Shakefpeare.
If it proves a good rep.ift to the fpeftators, the difh pays
the fhot. Shakefpeare's Cymbeiine.
An old gentleman mounting on fyorfefyack got up heavily;
S P E
but defired the fpeftators that they would count fourfeore and
eight before they judged him. Dryden.
He mourns his former vigour Iofl fo far,
To make him now fpeflator of a war. Dryden.
What pleafure hath the owner more than thefpeflator ? Seed.
Spectre, n.f. [fpeftre, Fr. jpeflrum^ Latin.] Apparition j
appearance of perfons dead.
The gholts of traitors from the bridge defeend*
With bold fanatick fpeflres to rejoice. Dryden.
The very poetical ufe of the wo/d lor 2fpeflre, doth imply
an exadl refcmblance to fome real being it reprefents. Stilling.
Thefe are nothing but fpeflres the uuderftanding raifes 1o
itfelf to flatter its own lazinefs. Locke*
Specta'torship, n.f. [fromfpeflator ] Acl of beholding.
Thou Hand’ll i’ th’ Hate of hanging, or offome death more
long in fpeflatorflnp, and crueller in fuffering. Shakcjpeare.
Spe'ctrum. n.f [Lat'n.J An image; a vilible form.
This prifm had fome veins running along within the glafs,
from the one end to the other, which fc-ittered fome of the
fun’s light irregularly, but had nqfenfible effecl inencreafing
the length of the coloured fpefli urn. Newton’s Opticks.
Spe'cular. n.f. [jpecularis, Latin ]
1. Having the qualities of a mirrouror looking glafs.
It were but madnefs now t’ impart
Fhe Ikill offpecular Hone. ' Donne»
Quickfilver may by the fire alone, in glafs-veffels, be turn¬
ed into a red body; and from this red body may be obtained
a mercury, bright and fpecular as before. Boyle.
A fpeculum of metal without glafs, made fome years fince
for optical ufes, and very well wrought, produced none of
thofe rings; and thence I underdood that thefe rings arife
not fromfpecular furface alone, but depend upon the two lurfaces of the plate of gLfs whereof the fpecuium was made,
and upon the thickneis of the glafs between them. Newton«
2. AlfiHing fight. Improper.
The hidden way
Of nature would’Hthou know, howfirflfhe frames
All things in miniature ? thy fpecular orb
Apply to well diffedled kernels ; lo !
In each obferve the flender threads
Of firfi-begiuning trees. Philips*
To Speculate, v. n. [fpeculer^Yr.fpeculor^hzt.] To meditate;
to contemplate ; to take a view of any thing with the mind.
Confider the quantity, and not /peculate upon an intrinfecal relation. • Digby on Bodies.
As our news-writers record imny fadts which afford great
matter of fpeculation, their readers Jpeculate accordingly, and
by their variety of conjectures become confummate ftatefrnen.
Addifor*
To Speculate, v. a. To confider attentively; to look through
with the mind.
Man was not meant to gape, or look upward with the
eye, but to have his thoughts fublime; and not only behold,
butJpeculate their nature with the eye of the underftanding.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Specula'tion. n.f [fpeculatioh^Yr. from/peculate.]
1. Examination by the eye ; view.
2. Examiner; fpy. This word is found no where elfe, and
probably is here mifprinted for/peculator.
They who have, as who have not, whom their great
Hars
Throne and fet high ? fervants
Which are to France the fpies and_/peculations,
Intelligent of our ftate. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
3. Mental view ; intellectual examination ; contemplation.
In all thefe things being fully perfuaded, that what they did,
it was obedience to the will of God, and that all men fliould
do the like; there remained after fpeculation^ practice whereunto the whole world might be framed. Hooker.
Thenceforth to Jpeculations high or deep,
I turn’d my thoughts; and with capacious mind
Confider’d all things vifible. Milton.
News-writers afford matter of fpeculation. Addifon.
4. A train of thoughts formed by meditation.
From him Socrates derived the principles of morality, and
moff part of his natural/peculations. Temple.
5. Mental fcheme not reduced to praclice.
1 his terrefirial globe, which before was only round infpcculation, has fince been furrounded by the fortune and boldnefs
of many navigators. Temple,
6. Power of fight. Not in ufe.
Thy bones are marrowlefs ; thy blood is cold;
Thou haft no /peculation in thofe eves
, Thou ftar’ft with ' Shakefpeare.
Speculative, adj. [fpeculatif Fr. from/peculate.]
1. Given to fpeculation; contemplative.
If all other ufes were utterly taken away, yet the mind of
man being by naturefpeculative and delighted with contem¬
plation m itfelf, they were to be known even for meer knowledge fake- Hooker.
t encouiages fpecu’ative perfons who have no turn of mind
to encreafe their fortunes. . Addifon.
24 2. Theo-
S P E S P E
Theoretical; notional; ideal; not praXital.
Some take it for a fpcculativc platform, that reafon and na¬
ture would that the beft fhould govern, but no wife to create
a right. Bacon’s holy IVar.
Speculatively. adv. [fromfpeculative.]
1. Contemplatively; with meditation.
2. Ideally; notional'ly; theoretically ; not practically.
Specula'tor. n.f. [fromfpeculate.J
1. One who forms theories.
He is dexterous in puzzling others, if they be not through¬
paced [peculators in thofe great theories. More.
2. ulateur, French.] Anobferver; a contemplator.
Although lapidaries and queftuary enquirers affirm it, yet
the writers of minerals, and natural fpeculators, conceive the
ftones which bear this name to be a mineral concretion. Brown.
3. A fpy; a watcher. /
All the boats had one Jpeculator, to give notice when the
fifh approached. B> oome's Notes on the Odyfjey.
Spe'culatory. adj. [from[peculate.] Exercifing fpeculation.
SPE'CULUM. n.J. [Latin.] A mirrour; a looking-glafs;
that' in which reprefentations are formed by refleXion.
A rough and coloured objeX may ferve for a fpeculum, to
reflect the artificial rainbow. ’ Boyle on Colours.
Sped. The preterite and part, paffive of [peed.
His horfe full of windgalls, fped with the fpavins, and rayed
with the yellows. Shakefpeare.
Barbarofla, fped of that he defired, {laid not long at Conftantinople, but fliaped his courfe towards Italy. Knolles.
With all his harnefs foon the god wasfped;
His flying hat, wings on his heels. Dryden.
Speech, n.f [fromJpeak.]
1. The power of articulate utterance; the power of expreffing
thoughts by vocal words.
There is none comparable to the variety of inftruXive expreffions byfpeech, wherewith a man alone is endowed, for the
communication of his thoughts. Holder on Speech.
Though our ideas are firft: acquired by Various fenfations
and reflexions, yet we convey them to each other by the means
of certain founds, or written marks, which we call words;
and a great part of our knowledge is both obtained and com¬
municated by thefe means, which are called fpeech. Watts.
2. Language ; words confidered as expreffing thoughts.
In fpeech be eight parts. Accidence.
The aXs of God to human ears
Cannot without procefs offpeech be told. Miltcn.
3. Particular language as diftinX from others.
There is neither fpeech nor language, but their voices are
heard among tl’cm. Pf Common Prayer.
1j. Any thing fpoken.
A plague upon your epileptick vifage!
Smile you myfpeeches as I were a fool. Shakefp. K. Lear.
5. Talk; mention.
The duke did of me demand
What was thefpeech among the Londoners,
Concerning the French journey. Shakefpeare.
Speech of a man’s felf ought to be feldom. Bacon s Effays.
6. Oration ; harangue.
The conftant defign of thefe orators, in all theirfpeeches,
was to drive fome one particular point. Swift.
7. Liberty to fpeak.
I,with leave of fpeech implor’d, reply’d. Milton.
Spe'echless. adj. [fromfpeech.']
1. Deprived of the power of fpeaking ; made mute or dumb.
He fell down, foam’d at mouth, and was fpeechlefs. Shakcfp.
The great god Pan hath broken his pipes, and Apollo’s
priefts are become fpeechlefs. Raleigh.
A fingle vifion tranfports them: it finds them in the eagernefs and height of their devotion ; they are fpeechlefs for the
time that it continues, and proftrate when it departs. Dryden.
Speechltfs with wonder, and half dead with fear. Addifon.
2. Mute; dumb.
I kneel’d before him;
’Twas very faintly he faid rife : difhnfs’d me
Thus, with h\sfpeechlefs hand. Shakcfp. Ccriolanus.
From her eyes
. T did receive fairfpeechlefs meffages. Shakefpeare.
He that never hears a w’ord fpoken, it is no wonder he re¬
main fpeechlefs; as any one mull do, who from an infant fhould
be bred up among mutes. Holder’s Elements of Speech.
To SPEED, v.n. pret. and part. pzff.fped andJpeeded. [fpoeclen,
Dutch. ]
1. I o make harte ; to move with celerity.
^ bo well they jped that they be come at length
h nto the place whereas thePaynim lay.
Devoid of outward fenfe and native ftrength,
Covered with charmed cloud from view of day. Fa. Queen.
Do you think me a fwallow, an arrow, or a bullet? Have
j, in my poor and cold motion, the expedition of thought?
Ifpeeded hither with the very extreme!! inch of poffibility. Shak.
If pray’rs
Could alter high decrees, I to that place
W ouldJpeed before thee, and be louder heard, 7L7!lfn*i
See where Idwall fpeeds ! a trufty foldicr. A. Philips.
2. [Spebian, to grow rich, Sdxon.J To have fuccefs.
Make me not fighted like the bafiliifk :
I’ve look’d on thoufands, who havefped the better
By my regard, but kill’d none fo. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale,
Now if this fuit lay in Bianca’s pow’r,
How quickly fhould you [peed. Shakefpeare.
Macicaus {hewed them what an offence it was rafhly to de¬
part out of the city, which might be unto them dangerous,
although they fhould Jpeed never fo well. Knolles.
When firft this tempter crofs’d the gulph from hell,
I told you then he fhoyld prevail, andJpeed
In his bad errand. Milton.
Thefe w^ere violators of the firft temple, and thofe that pro¬
faned and abufed the fecondfped no better. South.
3. To have any condition good or bad.
Ships heretofore in feas like fifhcsfped,
The. mightieft ftill upon the fmalltft fed. Waller,
To Steed, v. a.
1. To difpatch in hafte.
The tyrant’s felf, a thing unufed, began
To feel his heart relent with meer compaffion;
But not difpos’d to ruth or mercy then.
Hefped him thence home to his habitation. Fairfax.
2. To furnifh in hafte.
3. To difpatch ; to deftroy ; to kill.
With afpeeding thru!! his heart he found ;
The lukewarm blood came rufhing thro’ the wound. Dryd.
A dire dilemma ! either way I’m fped;
If foes, they write; if friends, they read me dead. Pope.
4. Tomifchief; to ruin.
5. ‘To haften; to put into quick motion.
She,
Hearing fo much, will [peed her foot again.
Led hither by pure love. Shakefp. All’s well that ends well.
Satan, tow’rd the coaft of earth beneath,
Down from th’ ecliptickfped with hop’d fuccefs.
Throws his fteep flight in many an airy wheel. Milton.
The prieft reply’d no more.
Butfped his fteps along the hoarfe refounding fhore. Dryden.
6. To execute; to difpatch.
Judicial aXs are all thofe writings and matters which re¬
late to judicial proceedings, and arefped in open court at the
inftance of one or both of the parties. Ayliffc s Parergon.
7. To affift; to help forward.
Lucina
Reach’d her midwife hands to[peed the throws. Dryden.
Propitious Neptune fleer’d their courfe by night
With rifing gales, thatfped their happy flight. Dryden.
Speed the foft intercourfe from foul to foul.
And waft a figh from Indus to the Pole. Pope.
8. To make profperous.
If any bring not this doXrine, receive him not into your
houfe, neither bid him GodJpeed. St. Paul.
Timon is fhrunk, indeed ;
And he, that’s once deny’d, will hardlyJ'peed. Shakcfp.
Speed, n.f. [fpoed, Dutch.]
1. Qiiicknefs; celerity.
Earth receives
As tribute, fuch a fumlefs journey brought
Of incorporeal [peed, her warmth and light;
Speedl to deferibe whofe fwiftnefs number fails. Mil/on.
We obrerve the horfe’s patient fervice at the plough,
his Jtpeed upon the highway, his dociblenefs, and defire of
glory. More.
2. Hafte; hurry; difpatch.
When they ftrain to their utmoft [peed, there is ftill the
wanted diftance between them and their aims: all their eager
purfuits bring them no acquefts. Decay of Piety.
7. The courfe or pace of a horfe.
He that rides at highJpeed, and with a piftol, kills a fparrow
flying. Shakcfp. Henry IV.
4. Succefs; event.
The prince your fon, with mere conceit and fear
Of the queen’sJpeed, is gone. Shakefpeare.
O Lord, I pray thee fend me good fpetd. Gen. xxiv. 12.
SteTdily. adv. [from fpeedy.] With hafte; quickly.
Pcft fpeedily to your hufband,
Shew him this letter. . Shakefp. King Lear.
Send fpeedily to Bertran; charge him ftriXly
Not to proceed. Dryden s Spanijh Fryar.
Spe'ediness. n.f. [from fpeedy.] The quality of being
fpeedy.
Spe'edwell. n.f [veronica, Latin] Fiuellin. A plant.
I he leaves grow oppolite by pairs : the calyx conmts of one
leaf, which is divided into four parts, expanding in form ot a
liar; the flower confifts of one leaf, divided into four fcgments, expanding in a circular order: when the flower decaj s,
the ovary becomes a membranaceous fruit, divided into two
cells, fhaped like an heart, and filled with feeds, femetimes
final], and at other times large and thick. Miller.
Milton,
In
S P E
In a fcardty in Silefia a rumour was fpread of its raining
millet-feed ; but ’twas found to be only the feeds of the ivy¬
leavedSpeedwell, or fnaall hcnbit. Derham's Phyfico-Theology.
Spe'edy. adj. [from/peed.] Quick; fwift; nimble; quick of
difpatch.
How near’s the other army ?.
_Near, and on fpeedy foot: the main defery
Stands on the hourly thought. Shakefp. King Lear.
Back with fpeedie/l fail .
Zophiel, of cherubim the fwiftefl wing,
Came flying. Milton's Paradife Lojl,
Let it be enough what thou haft done,
When fpotted deaths ran arm’d through ev’ry ftreet,
With poifon’d darts, which not the good could ftiun,
Thefpeedy could outfly, or valiant meet. Dryden,
SPELL, n.f [fpel, Saxon, a word.]
j A charm confifting of fome words of occult power. Thus
Horace ufes words:
Sunt verba id voces quibus hunc lenire dolorem
PoJJts.
Start not; her actions fhall be holy :
You hear mvfpell is lawful: do not fhun her,
Until you fee her die again; for then
You kill her double. Shakefp. Winter's Ta'e.
Some have delivered the polity of fpirits, that theyftand in
awe of charms, fpells, and conjurations, letters, characters,
notes, and dafhes. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Thou durft not thus difparage glorious arms,
Had notJ'pells
And black enchantments, fome magician’s art.
Arm’d thee or charm’d thee ftrong. Miltons Agoniftes.
Begin, begin, the myflicker// prepare. Alilton.
Yourfelf you fo excel.
When you vouchfafe to breathe my thought.
That like a fpirit with thisfpell
Of my own teaching, I am caught. Waller.
Mild Lucma
Then reach’d her midwife hands to fpeed the throes,
And fpoke the pow'rful[pells that babes to birth difclofe. Dry.
2. A turn of work.
Their toil is fo extreme as they cannot endure it above four
hours in a day, but are fucceeded by fpells: the refidue of the
time they wear out at coytes and kayles, Carew.
To Spell, v. a. [fpellen, Dutch.]
1. To write with the proper letters.
In the criticifm of jpeliing, the word fatire ought to be with
/, and not withy; and if this-be fo, then it is falfe fpelled
throughout. Dryden s Juvenal, Dedication,
2. To read by naming letters fingly.
I never yet faw man.
How wife, how noble, young, how rarely featur’d.
But fhe would fpell him backward; if fair fac’d,
She’d (wear the gentleman fliould be her fifter. Shakefp.
3. To charm.
I have you faft:
Unchain your fpirits now with fpelling charms,
And try if they can gain your liberty. Shak. Henry VI.
This gather’d in the planetary hour.
With noxious weeds, andjpell'd with words of pow’r.
Dire ftepdames in the magick bowl infufe. Dryden,
To Spell, v. n.
j. To form words of letters.
What fmall knowledge was, in them did dwell ;
And he a god, who could but read orfpell. Dryden.
By parting on the rowels and confonants on the fides of
four dice, he has made this a play for his children, whereby
his eldeft fon in coats, has played himfelf intofpelling. Locke.
The Latin, being written of the fame character with the
mother-tongue, by the afliftance of a fpelling book, it is le¬
gible. Spectator.
Another caufe, which hath maimed our language, is a
foolifh opinion that we ought tofpell exaCtly as we fpeak. Swift.
2. To read.
If I read aught in heav’n.
Or heav’n write aught of fate, by what the ftars.
Voluminous or Angle characters.
In their conjunction met, give me tofpell,
Sorrows and labours, oppolition, hate,
Attends thee. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
When gowns, not arms, repell’d
The fierce Epirote, and the African bold.
Whether to fettle peace, or to unfold
The drift of hollow ftates, hard to befpell'd. Milton.
And may at laft my weary age
Find out the peaceful hermitage.
Where I may fit and rightly fpell
Of every ftar that heav’n doth {hew.
And every herb that ftps the dew. Alilton.
3. To read unfkilfully.
As to his underftandin'g, they bring him in void of all no¬
tion, a rude unwritten blank ; lent into the world only to read
and fpell out a God in the works of creation. South,
S P E
To Spelt, v. m. To fplit; to break, A bad word.
Feed geefe with oats, fpelied beans, barley-meal, or ground
malt mixed with beer. Mortimer's Hufbandiy*
Spe'lter. n.f A kind of femi-metal.
Metals in fufion do not flame for want of a copious fume,
exceptfpelter, which fumes copioufly, and thereby flames Newt.
To SPEND, v.a. [ypenban, Saxon; fpendere, Italian.]
1. To confume ; to exhauft; to lay out.
Our cannons malice vainly {hall bzfpent ^ ^
Againft th’ invulnerable clouds. ohakejpeare.
I will very gladlyfpend and be /pent for you. 2 Coi. xii. 15.
There is oil in the dwelling of the wife, but a foolifti man
fpendeth it up. Prov.xxi. 20.
Wemuft exafperate
Th’almighty ViCtor to fpend all his rage. Milton.
Thus labour could at firft begin a title of property in t
common things of nature, andJpending it upon our ufes bound
Locke.
Money is brought into England by nothing but fpendtng
here lefsof foreign commodities than what we carry to maiket
can pay for. Locke.
2. To beftow as expence; to expend. N
Wherefore do ye fpend money for that which is not bread ?
If lv. 2.
Eleutherius, perceiving that he was umvilling to fpend any
more time upon the debate, thought not fit to make any men¬
tion to him of the propofed opinion. Boyle.
3. To effufe.
Coward dogs
Moftfpend their mouths, when what they feem to threaten
Runs far before them. Shakef Henry V.
4. To fquander; to lavilh. ,
They bend their bows, they whirl their flings around ;
Heaps offpent arrows fall, and ftrew the ground. Dryden.
The whole of our reflections terminate in this, what courfe
we are to take to pafs our time; fome to get, and others to
fpend their eftates. Wake.
5. To pafs.
When we can intreat an hour to ferve.
Would fpend it in fome words upon that bufinefs,
If you would grant the time. Shakef. Macbeth.
Theyfpend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down
to the grave. Job axi. 13*
Hefpends his life with his wife, and remembereth neither
father nor mother. t 1 Efdr. iv. 21.
When he was of riper years, for his farther accomplifliment, hefpent a confiderable part of his time in travelling. Pope.
6. Towafte; to wear out.
In thofe paftoral paftimes a great many days were fpent, to
follow their flying predecefiors. Sidney.
v The waves afeended and defeended, ’till their violence being
fpent by degrees, they fettled at laft. Burnet'sTheo. ofthe Earth,
. The winds are rais’d, the ftorm blows high;
Be it your care, my friends, to keep it up
Iri its full fury, and direCt it right,
’Till it hasfpent itfelf on Cato’s head. Addifon's Cato.
7. To fatigue; to harrafs.
Nothing but only the hope of fpoil did relieve them, having
fcarce clothes to cover their nakednefs, and their bodies fpent
with long labour and thirft. Knolles’s Hi/lory of the Turks.
Or come your {hipping in our ports to lay,
Spent and difabled in fo long a way ? Dryden s Ain.
Our walls are thinly mann’d, our beft men {lain ;
7'he reft, an heartlefs number, fpent with watching.
And harrafs’d out with duty. y.v -.Dryden,
Some fpent with toil, fome with defpair opprefs’d,
Leap’d headlong from the heights, the flames confirm’d the
reft. . Dryden s An.
Thou oft haft feen me
Wreftling with vice and faCtion; now thou fee’ft me
Spent, overpower’d, defpairing of fuccefs. Addifon s Cato.
To Spend, v.n. '
1. To make expence.
Henceforth your tongue muft fpend at lefler rate,
Than in its flames to wrap a nation’s fate. Dryden.
He fpends as a perfon who knows that he muft come to a
reckoning. South.
2. To prove in the ufe.
Butterfpent as if it came from the richer foil. Temple.
3. To be loft or wafted.
The foundfpendeth and is diffipated in the open air; but in
fuch concaves it is conferved and contracted. Bacon.
On mountains, it may be, many dews fall, thatfpend before
they come to the valleys. Bacon.
4. To be employed to any ufe.
There have been cups and an image of Jupiter made of
wild vines; for the vines that they ufe for wine are lb often
cut, that their hip fpendeth into the grapes. Bacon.
Spe'nder. n.f [fromfpend.]
1. One who fpends.
Let not your recreations be lavifh fpenders of your time;
but healthful, Ihort, and apt to refrelh you. Taylor.
2. A
r
S P E S P H
2. A prodigal; alavilher.
Bifhop Morton told the commiflioners, who were to levy the
benevolence, if they met with any that were fparing, tell them
that they muft: needs have, becaufe they laid up; and if they
were Jp nders, they mutt needs have, becaufe it was feen in
their port and manner of living. Bacon's Henry VII.
Spendthrift, n. f [jpend and thrift. ] A prodigal; a
lavilher.
Bitter cold weather ftarved both the bird and the fpendthrift. L’Eftrange.
Some fawning ufurer does feed
With prefent fums th’ unwary fpendthrift's need. Dryden.
Mott men, like .pendthrift heirs, judge a little in hand bet¬
ter than a great deal to come. Locke.
The fon, bred in doth, becomes a fpendthrift, a profligate,
and goes out of the world a beggar. Swift.
Spe'rabl - adj Latin.] Such as may be hoped.
We maycaft it away, if it be found but a bladder, and
difcharge it of fo much as is vain and notfperable. , Bacon.
SPERM, n.f \fperme, Fr. fpertna, Lat.j Seed; that by which
the Ipecies is continued.
Some creatures bring forth many young ones at a burthen,
and fome but one: this may be caufed by the quantity ofJperm
required, or by the partitions of the womb which may fever
the Jperm. - Bacon.
There is required to the preparation of the Jperm of animals
a great apparatus of veflels, many fecretions, concoctions,
reflections, and circulations. Ray.
SPE'RMd ( E : 1. n.f. [Latin.] Corruptedly pronounced
parmafitty.
A par ieular fort of whale affords the oil whence this is
made ; and that is very improperly called fperma, becaufe it is
c v the oil which comes from the head of which it can be
nude. It is changed from what it is naturally, the oil itfelf
being very brown and rank. The peculiar property of it is
to ttioot into flakes, not much unlike the cryftallizaticn of
falts; but in this ftate ’tis yellow, and has a certain ranknefs,
from which it is freed by fqueezing it between warm metalline
plates in a -prefs, and afterwards expofing the remainder to the
open air: at length it becomes perfectly pure, inodorous, flaky,
fmooth, white, and in fome meafure tranfparent. Quincy.
Sperma'tick. \adj‘ UPermat*V**> Fr- homJperm.]
I# Seminal; confifting of feed.
The primordials of the world are not mechanical, butfpertnatical or vital. More's Divine Dialogues.
Metals and fundry meteors rude fhapes have no need
of any particular principle of life, orfpermatical form, diftinCt
from the reft or motion of the particles of the matter. More.
2. Belonging to the fperm.
The moifture of the body, which did before irrigate the
parts, is drawn down to thefpermatical veflels. Bacon.
Two different fexes muft concur to their generation: there
is in both a great apparatus ofJpermotick veflels, wherein the
more fpirituous part of the blood is by many digeftions and
circulations exalted into fperm. Ray on the Creation.
To Spe'rmatize. v. n. [fromfperm.'] To yield feed.
Ariftotle affirming that women do notfpermatize, and con¬
fer a receptacle rather than eflential principles of generation,
dedudively includes both fexes in mankind. Brown.
SpermatgceYe. n.f. [<T7ri^[y.ix, and xnxf] A rupture caufed
by the contraction of the feminal veflels, and the femen falling
into the ferotum. Bailey.
Spermo'logist. n.f. [<r7T£gy.o\oiy(§r’.] One who gathers or
treats of feeds. Did?.
To Sperse. v. a. [fperfus, Latin.] To difperfe; to fcatter.
A word not now in ufe.
The wrathful wind,
Which blows cold ftorms, burft out of Scythian mew
Thatfperjl thofe clouds, and in fo fhort as thought
T his dreadful fhape was vaniftied to nought. Spenfer.
He making fpeedy way through fperfed air.
And through the world of waters wide and deep.
To Morpheus’ houfe doth haftily repair. Fairy £hteen.
ToSpet. v. a. To bring or pour abundantly. [Spet in Scot¬
land is a fuperabundance of water: as, that tide or frefli was
a highfpet.J
Myfterious dame.
That ne’er art call’d, but when the dragon womb
Of Stygian darknefsfpets her thickeft gloom.
And makes one blot of all the air.
Stop thy cloudy ebon chair. Mdton.
To SP£W. v. a. [ppepan, Saxon; fpeuwen, Dutch.]
1. I o vomit; to ejeCt from the ftomach.
A fwordfifh fmall him from the reft did funder,
i hat in his throat him pricking foftly under
His wide abyfs, him forced forth toJpeu’,
J hat all the fea did roar like heaven’s thunder.
And all the waves were ftain’d with filthy hue. Spenfer.
2. To ejeCt; to call forth.
When earth with dime and mud is cover’d o’er,
Or hollow placesfpew their wat’ry flore. Dryden's Georg.
Dryden.
J
When yellow fands are fitted from below,
^ he glitt’ring billows give a golden.(how ;
And when the fouler bottomJpews the black,
^ "I he Stygian dye the tainted waters take.
3.To ejeCt with loathing.
Keep my ftatutes, and commit not any of thefe abomina¬
tions, that the land fpew not you out. Lev. xviii. '8.
Contentious 1 uits ought to be fpewed out, as the furfeit of
courts. Bacon s EfJ'ays.
To Spew. v. n. To vomit; to eafe the ftomach.
He could have haul’d in
The drunkards, and the noifes of the inn;
But better ’twas that they fliould fleep orfpew.
Than in the feene to offend or him or you. Ben. Johnfon.
Spe'wy. adj. [from fpew.] A provincial word.
The lower vallies in wet Winters are fo fpewy, that they
know not how to feed them. Mortimer's Husbandry.
To Spha'celate. v. a. fromfphacelus, medical, Latin.] To
affeCt with a gangrene.
The long retention of matterfphacelates the brain. Sharp.
To Spha'cel ai e v.n. I o mortify ; to fuffer the gangrene.
The fkin, by the great diftenfion, having been rendered
very thin, will, if not taken away, Jphacelate, and the reft:
degenerate into a cancerous ulcer. Sharp's Surgery.
Spha'celus. n.f. [<r(pdy.sA©*; Jphacele, Fr.] A gangrene; a
mortification.
It is the ground of inflammation, gangrerie,fphacelus Wijem.
SPHERE, n.f [Jphere, Trench ; fphesra, Latin.]
1. A globe; an orbicular body; a body of which the center is
at the fame difiance from every point of the circumference.
Firft the fun, a mighty fphere,, he fram’d. Milton.
2. Any globe of the mundane fyftem.
What if within the m00nVfair fhiningfphere.
What if in every other ftar unfeen,
Of other worlds he happily fnould hear? Fairy l^uren.
And then mortal ears
Had heard the mufick of thefpheres. Dryden.
3. A globe reprefenting the earth or fky.
Two figures on the fides embofs’d appear;
Conon, and what’s his name who made thefphere,
And fhew’d the feafens of the Aiding year. Dryden.
4. Orb ; circuit of motion.
Half unfung, but narrower bound
Within the vifible diurnal fphere. Milton.
5. Province; compafs of knowledge or aCtion; employment.
[From thefphere of activity aferibed to the power emanating
from bodies.]
T. o be call’d into a hugefphere, and not to be feen to move
in t. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Of enemies he could not but contraCt good ftore, while
moving in fo high afphere, and with fo vigorous a luftre. K C.
Every man, verfed in any particular bufinefs, finds fault
with thefe authors, fo far as they treat of matters within his
fphere. Addifon's Freeholder.
Ye know thefpheres and various talks aflign'd
By laws eternal to the ethereal kind. Pope.
To Sphere, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To place in a fphere.
The glorious planet Sol,
In noble eminence enthron’d and fpher'd
Amidft the reft, whofe med’cinable eye
CorreCts the ill afpeCts of planets evil. Shakefpeare.
2. To form into roundnefs.
Light from her native Eaft
To journey through the airy gloom began.
Spher’d in a radiant cloud ; for yet the fun
Was not. Milton s Paradife Lojf.
Sphe'ricic* \adP rfpheriqv.e, French ; fromfphere.]
1. Round; orbicular; globular.
What defeent of waters, could there be in afpherical and
round body, wherein there is nor high nor low. Raleigh.
Though founds fpread round, fo that there is an orb or
fpherical area of the found, yet they go fartheft in the fore¬
lines from the firft local impulfion of the air. Bacon.
By difeernment of the moifture drawn up in vapours, we
muft know the reafon of the jphcrical figures of the drops. Gian.
A fluid mafs necefiarily falls into a fpherical furface. Keil.
Where the central nodule was globular, the inner furfaceof
the firft cruft would be ffherick; and if the cruft was in all
parts of the fame thickncfs, that whole cruft would be fplerical. Woodward on Fcffiis.
2. Planetary ; relating to orbs of the planets.
We make guilty of our difalters the fun, the moon, and
ftars, as if we were villains b\fpherical predominance. Shake],
Spherically, adv. [fromfplurica/d] In form of a fphere.
Sphe'ricalnlss. I n.f [ from fphere. \ Roundneis; roSphe'ricity. $ turn!tty.
Such bodies receive their figure and limits from fueh lets as
hinder them from attaining to thatfphe icawef they aim at. Dig.
Water confifts of fma’, fmooth, fpherical particles: their
fmoothnefs makes ’em flip eafily upon one another; thefphericity
S P I
firitv keens ’em from touching one another in more points than
one> Cheyne’s Phil. Princ.
SPHE'ROID. n.f. [<r^xi^x and ; fpheroide, Fr.] A body
oblon^or oblate, approaching to the form of a fphere.
They are not folid particles, by the neceffity they are under
to change their figures into oblong fpheroids, in the capillary
veflels. ° Cheyn’s Phil. Princ.
Spheroi'dical. adj. [fromfpheraid.] Having the form of a
fpheroid.
If thefe corpufcles be fpheroidical, or oval, their Ihorteft
diameters mult not be much greater than thofe of light. Chcync.
Sphe'rule. n.f. [Jpbte'ulit) Latin.] A little globe.
Mercury is a colle£tion of exceeding fmall, vaftly heavy
fpherules. Cheyne s Phil. Princ.
Sfhinx. n.f. [ ]
The fphinx was a famous monller in Egypt, that remained
by conjoined Nilus, having the face of a virgin, and the body
of a lion. Psacham on Drawing.
Spi'al. n.f. [efpial, Fr.] Afpy; a fcout; awatcher. Obfolete.
His ears be asfpials, alarum to crie. Differ’s Husbandry.
He privyfpials plac’d in all his way,
To weet what courfe he takes, and how he fares. Fa. Qu.
For he by faithfulfpial was allured
That Fgypt’s king was forward on his way. Fairfax.
Their trull towards them hath rather been as to goodJpials
and good whifperers, than good magiftrates and officers. Eac.
SPICE, n.f. [ejpices, French.]
I. A vegetable production, fragrant to the fmell and pungent to
the palate ; an aromatick fubllance ufed in fauces.
Dang’rous rocks,
Which, touching but my gentle veffel’s fide.
Would fcatter all the fpices on the ftream. Shakefpeare.
Is not manhood, learning, gentlenefs, and virtue, the fpice
and fait that feafons a man ? Shakefp. Droll, and Crejjula.
The traffick of the fpice-merchants. i Kings x. 1
Garlick, the northern fpi.c> is in mighty requeft among
S P I
2. Aromatick ; having the qualities of fpice.
Off at fea north-eall winds blow
Sabrean odour, from tho fpicy Ihore
Of Araby the blell, with luch delay
Well pleas’d they Hack their courfe, and many a league,
Chear’d with the grateful fmell, old ocean fmiles. Milton*
The regimen in this difeafe ought to be of fpicy and cephalick vegetables, to difpel the vifcolity. Afbuthnot on Diet.
Under fouthern Ikies exalt their fails, .
Led by new liars, and borne byfpicy gales ! _ Pope.
Spi'cosity. n.f [fp^ca-> Latin.] 1 he quality of being fpiked
like ears of corn; fulnefs of ears. FiSt.
SPl'DER. n.f. [Skinner thinks this word foftened from fpiruler,
’or fpinner, from fpin: Junius, w'ith his ufual felicity, ureams
that it comes from tnrdjsiv, to extend; for the fpider extends
his web. Perhaps it comes from fpieden, Dutch; fpeyaeny
Danilh, to fpy, to lye upon the catch. Doji, bojia, caxon,
is a beetle, or properly an bumblebee, orJhriglefs bee. May not
fpider befpy dor, the infecl that watches the dor ?] The ani¬
mal that fpins a web for flies.
More direful hap betide that hated wretch,
Than I can with to adders, fpiders, toads.
Thefpider s web to watch we’ll Hand,
And when it takes the bee.
We’ll help out of the tyrant’s hand
The innocent to free.
Infidious, relflefs, watchfulfpider,
Fear no officious damfel’s broom;
Extend thy artful fabrick wider,
And fpread thy banners round my room:
While I thy curious fabrick Hare at,
And think on haplefs poet's fate,
Like thee confin’d to noifome garret.
And rudely banilh’d rooms of Hate.
Thefpider s touch how exquifitely fine !
Feels at each thread, and lives along the line.
Shakefpeare.
Drayt n.
Dr. Littleton.
the Indians.
High fauces and rich fpices are fetched from the Indies. Baker.
2. A fmall quantity, as of fpice to the thing feafoned.
Think wffiat they have done.
And then run Hark, mad ; for all
Thy by-gone fooleries were but fpices of it. Shakefpeare.
It containeth Angular relations, not without fomeJpice or
fprinkling of all learning. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
So in the wicked there’s novice,
Of which the faints have not a Jpice. Hudibras.
To Spice, v. a. [from the noun] To feafon with fpice; to
mix with aromatick bodies.
His mother was a votrefs of my order,
And in thefpiced Indian air by night
Full often Ihe hath goffip’d by my fide. Shakefpeare.
Thefe hymns may work on future wits, and fo
May great-grand-children of thy praifes grow ;
And fo, though not revive, embalm and Jpice
The world, which elfe would putrify with vice. Donne.
What though fome have a fraught
Of cloves and nutmegs, and in cinnamon fail.
If thou hall wherewithal to fpice a draught.
When griefs prevail ? Herbert.
Spi'cer. n.f. [fromfpiced] One who deals in fpice.
Names have been derived from occupations, as Salter and
Spicer. Camden.
Spi'cery. n.f [efpiceries, French; fromfpice.]
1. The commodity of fpices.
Their camels were loaden with fpicery, and balm and
myrrh. Raleigh’s Hiflory of the World.
She in whofe body
The wellern treafure, eallern fpicery,
Europe and Africk, and the unknown reft.
Were eafily found. Donne.
2. A repofitory of fpices.
Thefpicery, the cellar and its furniture, are too well known
to be here infilled upon. Addifn on Italy.
Spick aWSpan. [This word I Ihould not have expedied to
have found authorifed by a polite writer. Span-new is ufed by
Chaucer, and is luppofed to come from ypannan, to ftretch, i. To fet with fpikes.
Pope.
Demple. Spi'derwort. n f [phalangium, Latin.] A plant with a lilyflower, compofed of fix petals. Miller.
Spi'gnel. n. J. [meum, Latin.] A plant.
The characters are: it is an umbelliferous plant, with very
narrow leaves : the feeds are large, oblong, and ftriated. To
which may be added, it hath a perennial root, it is medi¬
cinal. Miller.
Spi'got. n.f. [fpijckcr, Dutch.] A pin or peg put into the
faucet to keep in the liquor.
Bafe Hungarian wight, wilt thou the fpigot wield. Shakef.
Take out the fpigot, and clap the point in your mouth. Sw.
Spike, n.f. [fpica, Latin.]
1. An ear of corn.
Drawn up in ranks and files, the beardedfpikes
Guard it from birds as with a Hand cf pikes. Denham.
Suffering not the yellow beards to rear,
He tramples down thefpikes, and intercepts the year. Dryd.
The gleaners,
Spike afterfpike, their fparing harveft pick. Dhomfon.
2. A long nail of iron or wood; a long rod of iron lharpened;
fo called from its fimilitude to an ear.
For the body of the Ihips, no nation equals England for the
oaken timber; and we need not borrow of any other iron for
fpikes, or nails to fallen them. Bacon.
The head of your medal would be feen to more advantage,
if it were placed on a Jpi/ie of the tow'er. Dryden.
He wears on his head the corona radiatay another type of
his divinity : thefpikes that Ihoot out reprefent the rays of the
, fun. Addifon.
Spike, n.f. The name of a plant. This is a fmaller fpecies
of lavender.
The oil of fpike is much ufed by our artificer's in their varnilhes ; but it is generally adulterated. Hid’s Mat. Med.
To Spike, v.a. [from the noun.J
I. To fallen with long nails.
Lay long planks upon them, pinned orfpiked down to the
pieces of oak on which they lie. Moron's Mech. Exer.
Lay long planks upon them, fpiking or pinning them down
fall. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Sax. expanderc, Lat. whence fpan. Span-new is therefore ori¬
ginally ufed of cloath new extended or dreffed at the clothiers,
and fpick andJpan is newly extended on the fpikes or tenters :
it is however a low word.] Quite new ; now firft ufed.
While the honour, thou hall got.
Isfpick andfpan new, piping hot,
Strike her up bravely. Butler.
They would have thefe reduced to nothing, and then others
created fpick andJpan new out of nothing. Burnet.
1 keep no antiquated Huff;
But fpick andfpan I have enough. Swift.
Spi'cknel. n.f. 7'hc herb maldmony or bearwort. Ditl.
Spi'cy. adj [from fpice]
i. Producing fpice; abounding with aromaticks.
For them the Idumaean balm did fweat9
And in hot Ceilon J~picy forefls grew. Dryden.
A youth, leaping over thefpiked pales, was fuddenly frighted
down, and in his falling he was catchcd by thofe fpikes. WiJem.
Spi'kenard. n. f. [ fpica nardi, Latin.] A plant, and the oil
or balfam produced from the plant.
There are three forts of fpikenard. i. The Indian fpikenard is molt famous: it is a congeries of fibrous fubftances ad¬
hering to the upper p rt of the root, of an agreeable aroma¬
tick and bitterilh tafte: it grows plentifully in Java. It has
been known to the medical writers of all ages. 2. Celtick
fpikenard is an oblong root, of an irregular figure, a fragrant
and aromatick^but not very pleafant fmell. ft had its name
from Ccltick Gaul, and is Hill found in great abundance on
the Alpine and Pyrenean mountains. 3. Mountain fpike¬
nard is a moderately large oblong root of a plant of the vale¬
rian kind, its fmell and qualities refembling thofe of the Ccl¬
tick fpikenard. . Hill's Mat. Med.
24 T A woman
S P I
A woman having an alabafter box of ointment of/pikenard,
brake and poured it on his head. Mar. xiv. 3.
He caft into the pile bundles of myrrh, and {heaves offpiketiardy enriching it with every fpicy fhrub. Spectator.
Spill, n. /. [fpijlen, Dutch.]
1. A fmall (hi ver of wood, or thin bar of iron.
The byfters, befides gathering by hand, have a peculiar
dredge, Which is a thick ftrong net, fattened to three/pills of
iron, and drawn at the boat’s ttern. Carew.
Have near the bunghole a little venthole, flopped with a
fpitt- Mortimer.
2. A fmall quantity of money. I know not whence derived.
The biflhops, who confecrated this ground, were wont to
have a /pill or fportule from the credulous laity. Ayli/fe.
To SPILL, v. a. [ypillan, Saxon; fpillen, Dutch: [pula,
Iflandick.]
1. To ftied ; to lofe by fhedding.
Be fatisfied, dear God, with our true blood,
Which, as thou know’ft, unjuftly mutt be fpilt. Shake/p.
Friend or brother,
He forfeits his own blood that/pills another. Shak. Timon.
Themfelves exadt their cruelty,
And I conftrained am this blood to/pill. Daniel's Civil War.
^ They having/pill'd much blood, and done much watte,
Subduing nations; and atchiev’d thereby
Fame in the world, high titles, and rich prey.
Shall change their courle to pleafure, eafe, and iloth. Milton.
Sichaeus’ blood, by his falfe brother/piIt,
I have reveng’d. Denham.
Medea mutt not draw her murth'ring knife,
And/pill her childrens blood upon the itage. Ro/commcn.
Orbdlan did difgrace
With treach’rous deeds our mighty mother’s race;
And to revenge his blood, fo juftlyJpilt,
What is it lefs than to partake his guilt? Dryden.
Nor the Centaurs tale
Be here repeated ; how, with luft and wine
Inflam’d, they fought and/pilt their drunken fouls
^ At featting hour. Philips.
2. To dettroy ; to mifehief.
Thus is our thought with pain of thiftle tilled,
Thus be our nobleft parts dried up with forrow ;
Thus is our mind with too much minding/pilled. Sidney.
Why are ye fo fierce and cruel ?
Is it becaufe your eyes have power to kill ?
1 hen know that mercy is the Mighty’s jewel.
And greater glory think to fave than/pill. Spen/er.
Thou all-fhaking thunder,
Crack nature’s mould, all germins/pill at once
That make ingrateful man. Shake/ King Lear.
Be not angry with thefe fires ;
For then their threats will kill me:
Nor look too kind on my defires;
For then my hopes will /pill me. Ben. John/on.
All bodies are with other bodies fill’d ;
Butfhe receives both heav’n and earth together:
Nor are their forms by rafti encounters/pill'd',
For there they ftand, and neither toucheth either. Davies.
3. To throw away.
This fight {hall damp the raging ruffian’s breafl,
The poifon/pill, and half-drawn fword arreft. Tickell.
To Spill. v. n.
t. To watte; tobelavifh.
Thy father bids thee fpare, and chides for/pilling. Sidney.
1.To be fhed ; to be loft by being fhed.
He was fo topfull of himfelf, that he let it /pill on all the
company : he fpoke well indeed, but he fpoke too long. Watts.
Spi ller. n./ [I know not whence derived.] A kind of fifhing line.
In harbour they are taken by /pillers made of a cord, to
which divers fhorter are tied at a little diftance, and to each
of thefe a hook is fattened with a bait: this/piller they fink in
the fea where thofe fifties have their accuftomed haunt. Carew.
Spilth, n./ [from/pill/ Any thing poured out or wafted.
Our vaults'have wept with drunken/pilth of wine. Shake/p.
To SPIN. v. a. preter.Jpun os/pan ; part./pun. [ypinnan, Sax.
Jpinnen, Dutch.]
1. To draw out into threads.
__ The women /pun goats hair. Ex. xxxv. 26.
2. i o form threads by drawing out and twitting any filamentous
matter.
You would be another Penelope; yet they fay all the yarn
flic/pun, in Ulyfles’s abfence, did but fill Ithaca full of moths.
_ Shake/peare s Coriolanus.
r *ates ^ut on’y/Pin the coarfer clue;
I he fineft of the wool is left for you. Dryden.
3. I o protract ; to draw out.
By one delay after another they /pin out their whole lives,
’till there s no more future left before ’em. L'EJlrame.
If Ins cure lies among the lawyer., )*, „othing be Laid
againft intanghng propeity, /pinning out caufes, and fqueezing
clients. ' ' Collier.
S P I
Why fhould Rome fall a moment ere her time?
No, let us draw her term of freedom out
In its full length, and/pin it to the laft. Addi/on’s Cato.
4- T o form by degrees; to draw out tedioufty.
I pafled lightly over many particulars, on which learned and
witty men might/pin out large volumes. ddigby.
Men of large thoughts and quick apprehenfions are not to
expedl any thing here, but what, being /pun out of my own
coarfe thoughts, is fitted to men of my own fize. Locke.
The lines are weak, another’s pleas’d to fay;
Lord FannyJpins a thoufand fuch a day. Pope.
To Spin. v. n.
1. To exercife the art of fpinning.
We can fling our legs and arms upwards and downwards,
backwards, forwards, and round, as they thatJpin. More.
Ten thoufand ftalks their various blofloms fpread ;
Peaceful and lowly in their native foil,
They neither know to/pin, nor care to toil. Prior.
For this Alcides learn’d to/pin ;
His club laid down, and lion’s {kin. Prior.
2. [Spingare, Italian.] To ftream out in a thread or fmall
current.
Together furioufly they ran, ->
That to the ground came horfe and man ; C
The blood out of their helmets/pan, j
So {harp were their encounters. Drayton's Nymphid.
3. To move round as a fpindle.
Whether the fun, predominant in heav’n.
Rife on the earth, or earth rife on the fun.
Fie from theEaft his flaming road begin,
Or fhe from Weft her filent courfe advance
With inoffenfive pace, that/pinning fleeps
On her foft axle, while fhe paces ev’n
And bears thee foft with the fmooth air along.
Solicit not thy thoughts. Milton's Paradi/e Lojl, l. viii.
As when a Ihipwright ftands his workmen o’er.
Who ply the wimble fome huge beam to bore;
Urg’d on all hands it nimbly /pins about.
The grain deep piercing ’till it fcoops it out. Pope.
Spi'nACH. 1 r r r , . T . ,
Spi'nage. j n-J- UPtnachta> Latin.] A plant.
It hath an apetalous flower, confiftingof many ftamina in¬
cluded in the flower-cup, which are produced in h ikes upon
the male plants which are barren; but the embryoes are pro¬
duced from the wings of the leaves on the female plants,
which afterward become roundifh or angular feeds, which, in
fome forts, have thorns adhering to them. Miller.
Spinage is an excellent herb crude, or boiled. Mortimer.
Spinal, adj. \_/pina, Latin.] Belonging to the backbone.
AW J'pinal, or fuch as havp no ribs, but only a back bone,
are fomewhat analogous thereto. Brown's Kulgar Errours.
Thofe folids are entirely nervous, and proceed from the
brain, and Jpinal marrow, which by their bulk appear fufficient to furnifh all the ftamina or threads of the folid parts. Arb.
Defcending carelefs from his couch, the fall
Lux’d his joint neck and /pinal marrow bruis’d. Philips.
Spi'ndle. n./. [ypinbl, ypinbel, Saxon.]
1. The pin by which the thread is formed, and on which it is
conglomerated.
Bodies fibrous by moifture incorporate with other thread,
efpecially if there be a little wreathing ; as appeareth by the
twitting of thread, and twirling about ofJ'pindles. Bacon.
Sing to thofe that hold the vital fheers,
And turnjthe adamantine /pindle round
On which the fate of gods and men is wound. Milton.
Upon a true repentance, God is not fo fatally tied to the
/pindle of abfolute reprobation as not to keep his promife, and
feal merciful pardons. ^ Dr. Ja/per Maine.
So Pallas from the dufty field withdrew, T
And when imperial Jove appear’d in view, >
Refum d her female arts, the fpindle and the clew ; j
Forgot the feepter {he fo well had fway’d,
And with that mildnefs, {he had rul’d, obey’d. Stepney.
Do you take me for a Roman matron,
Bred tamely to the fpind'e and the loom ? A. Philips.
2. A long {lender ftalk.
Tha/pindles mutt be tied up, and, as they grow in height,
rods fet by them, left by their bending they fhould break. Mcrt.
3. Any thing {lender. In contempt.
Repofe yourfelf, if thofe J'pincile legs of yours will carry you
to the next chair. Dryden s Spanijh Friar.
The marriage of one of our heirefies with an eminent cour¬
tier gave us/pindle {hanks and cramps. Tatler.
To Spi'ndle. v.n. [from the noun.] To ftioot into a long
fmall ftalk.
Another ill accident in drought is the fpindiing of the corn,
which with us is rare, but in hotter countries common ; infomuch as the word calamity was firft derived from calamus,
when the corn could not get out of the ftalk. Bacon.
When the flowers begin to /pindle, all but one or two of
the biggeft, at each root, fhould be nipped oft'. Mortimer.
SpFnDL ESHANKED,
S P [
Spindlesh a'nkep adj. [fpindlc andJbank.] Having fmall legs.
Her lawyer is a little riveiled,fpindlejhankedgentleman. Addif
Spi'NDLETREE. n.f. Prickwood. A plant.
blUNE. n.f. [fp. na, Latin.] The back bone.
The rapier entered his right fide, reaching within a finger’s
breadth of thtfpine. Wijeman's Surgery.
There ate who think the marrow of a man,
Which in the/pint, while he was living, ran ;
When dead, the pith corrupted, will become
A fnakc, and hifs within the hollow tomb. Dryden.
Spi'n’e:.. n.f A fort of mineral. Spinel-ruby is of a bright
rofy red ; it is fofter than the rock or balofs ruby. JVoodward.
Spinet. n.f. [efpinette, trench.] A fmall harpfichord, an
inilrument with keys.
When mifs delights in herfpinnet,
A fiddler may his fortune get. Swift.
Spini ferous. adj. [fpina andfero, Latin.] Bearing thorns.
bPlfNNER. n f [from Jpinf\
1. One fkilled in fpinning.
A praciifed Jpmr.er lhiall fpin a pound of wool worth two
{hillings for fixpence. Graunt.
2. A garden fpider with long jointed legs.
Weaving fpiders come not here;
Hence you long leg’d jpinners, hence. Shakefpeare.
SpiTning IVheel. n.J. [Isomfpin.] The wheel by which, fince
the difule of the rock, the thread is drawn.
My /pinning wheel and rake,
Let Sufan keep for her dear Tiller’s fake. Gay.
Spinny. adj. I fuppofeyW//, fnder. A barbarous word.
They plow it early in the year, and then there will come
fomeJpwny grafs that will keep it from fcalding in fummer.
Mortimer's Hujhandry.
SpTnosity. n.f. [ Cpinofus, Latin.] Crabbednefs; thorny or
briary perplexity.
Philofophy confided of nought but dry fpinofitie.r, lean no¬
tions, and endlefs altercations about things of nothing. Glanv.
Spi'nous. adj. [J'pi‘iofus, Latin.] Thorny; full of thorns.
SpTnster. n.f. [from /pin.]
1. A woman that fpins.
The fpinjie'-s and the knitters in the fun.
And the free maids that weave their thread with bones,
Do ufe to chant it. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
2. [In law.] The general term for a girl or maiden woman.
One Michael Caffio,
That never fet a fquadron in the field,
Nor the divifion of a battle knows
More than a fpinfer. Shake[peare's Othello.
I defire that a yearly annuity of twenty pounds (hall be
paid to Rebecca Dingley of the city of Dublin, fpinfer, du¬
ring her life. Swift.
Spi'nstry. n.f. [from fpinfer.] The work of fpinning.
Spiny, adj. [fpina, Latin.] Thorny; briary; perplexed;
difficult; troublefome.
1 he firfl attempts are always imperfeCt; much more in fo
difficult and ]piny an affair as fo nice a fubject. Digby.
SpTracle. [fpiraculum, Latin.] A breathing hole ; a vent;
a fmall aperture
Mod of thefefpiracles perpetually fend forth fire, more or
dfs. . TVoodward.
Spi'ral. adj. [fpira’e, Fr. from fpira, Latin.] Curve; wind¬
ing; circularly involved.
The procefs of the fibres in the ventricles, running in fpiral lines from the tip to the bafe of the heart, (hews that the
fyftole of the heart is a mufcular conflri&ion, as a purfe is
lhut by drawing the firings contrary ways. Ray.
Why earth or fun diurnal ftages keep ?
In fpiral trails why th t ough the zodiack creep ? Blackmorc.
T he inteftinal tube affeCts a flraight, inflead of a fpiral cy1' n(ler. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Spi rally, adv. [fromfpiral] In a fpiral form.
The fides are compofed of two orders of fibres running cir¬
cularly orfpirally from bafe to tip. Ray on the Creation.
Spi're. n.J. [fpira, Latin; fpira, Italian; fpira, Swedifh.]
1. A curve line ; any thing wreathed or contorted ; a curl; a
twill; a wreath.
His head
Crefled aloft, and carbuncle his eyes ;
With burnifh’d neck of verdant gold, ereCl
Amidlt his circlingy^zm, that on the grafs
Floated redundant. Milton.
A dragon’s fiery form belied the god.
Sublime on radiantJpires be rode. Dryden.
Air feems to confifl of fpires contorted into fmall fpheres,
through the interflices of which the particles of light may free¬
ly pafs ;it is light, the folid fubflance of thefpires being very
fmall in proportion to the fpaces they take up. Cheyne.
2. Any thing growing up taper; a round pyramid, fo called per¬
haps becaufe a line drawn round and round in lefs and lefs
circles, would be a fpire ; a fteeple.
With glifl’ringy^zm and pinnacles adorn’d. Milton.
He cannot make one fpire of grafs more or lefs than he hath
Hale's Orig. of Mankind.
S P I
Thefe pointedfpires that wound the ambient Iky,
Inglorious change ! {hall in deflruCtion lie. P/ ior.
3.The top or uppermofl point.
’Twere no lefs than a traducemcntto filence, that
Which to the fpire and top of praifes vouch’d,
Wou’d feem but modeft. Shakefpeare.
To Spire, v.n. [from the noun.]
1. To (hoot up pyramidically.
It will grow to a great bignefs; but it is not fo apt to fpire
up as the other forts, being more inclined to branch into
arms. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
2. [Spiro, Latin.] To breathe. Not in ufe. Spenfer.
SPI'RIT. n.f. [fpiritus, Latin.]
I* Breath ; wind in motion.
All purges have in them a raw fpirit or wind, which is
the principal caufe of tenfion in the ftomach. Bacon.
The balmy fpirit of the weflern breeze.
2. [Ejprit, Fr.] An immaterial fubflance.
Spirit is a fubflance wherein thinking, knowing, doubting*
and a power of moving do fubfifl. Locke.
I {hall depend upon your conflant friendfhip; like the trull
we have in benevolentJpirits, who, though we never fee or
hear them, we think are conftantly praying for us. Popei
She is a fpirit-, yet not like air, or wind;
Nor like the fpirits about the heart, or brain;
Nor like thofe fpbits which alchymifls do find.
When they in ev’ry thing feek gold in vain;
For {he all natures under heav’n doth pafs,
Being like thofeJpirits which God’s bright face do fee.
Or like hirnfelf whofe image once {he was.
Though now, alas ! {lie fcarce his fhadow be;
For ot all forms {he holds the firfl degree,
'1 hat are to grofs material bodies knit;
Yet fire herfelf is bodylefs and free ;
And though confin’d is almofl infinite. Dav es.
If we feclude fpace, there will remain in the world but
matter and mind, or body and fpirit. Watts's Logick.
3. 'The foul of man.
Thefpirit fhall return unto God that gave it. Bible.
Look, who comes here ! a grave unto a foul.
Holding th’ eternalfpirit ’gainft her will
In the vile prifon of afflicted breath. Shakefpeare's K. John.
4. An apparition.
# They were terrified, and fuppofed that they had feen a fpirit- Luke xxiv. 37.
Perhaps you might fee the image, and not the glafs; the
former appearing like afpirit in the air. Bacon.
Whilfl young, preferve his tender mind from all impreffions offpirits and goblins in the dark. Locke.
5. Temper; habitual difpolition of mind.
He fits
Upon their tongues a variousfpirit, to rafe
Quite out their native language. Alilton.
That peculiar law of chriftianity which forbids revenge, no
man can think it grievous who confiders the refllefs torment
of a malicious and revengeful fpirit. Tillotfon.
Nor once diflurb their heav’nlyfpirits
With Scapin’s cheats, or Gefar’s merits. Prior.
6. Ardour; courage; elevation; vehemence of mind.
’Tis well blown, lads ;
This morning, like the fpirit of a youth
That means to be of note, begins betimes. Shakefpeare.
Farewel the big war.
The fpirit flirring drum, th’ ear piercing fife. Shakefpeare.
7. Genius ; vigour of mind.
More ample fpirit than hitherto was wont,
Here needs me, whiles the famous anceflors
Of my moil dreaded fovereign I recount.
By which all earthly princes {he doth far furmount. Fa.
To a mighty work thou goeft, O king.
That equal fpirits and equal pow’rs {hall bring. Daniel.
A wild Tartar, when he fpies
A man that’s handfome, valiant, wife,
If he can kill him, thinks t’ inherit
His wit, his beauty, and hisfpirit. Butler.
The nobleftfpirit or genius cannot deferve enough of man¬
kind, to pretend to the efteem of heroick virtue. Temple.
A perfect judge will read each work of wit.
With the fame fpirit that its author writ:
Survey the whole, nor feek flight fault to find,
Where nature moves, and rapture warms the mind. Pope
8. Turn of mind ; power of mind moral or intellectual.
You were us’d
To fay extremity was the trier of fpirits,*
That common chances common men couldbear Sh^ksfr,
1 afk but half thy mighty fpirit for me. * Cowley.
9. Intellectual powers diftindt from the body.
Thefe difeourfes made fo deep impreffion upon the mind
ana fpirit of the prince whofe nature was inclined to adven¬
tures, that he was tranfported with the thought of it. Clarendon:
knjpirit perhaps he alfo faw
I ich Mexico, the feat of Montezume, Alilton.
10. Sen-
S P I
10. Sentiment; perception.
You are too great to be by me gainfaid:
Yourfpirit is too true, your tears too certain, Shakefpeare.
11. Eagernefs; defire. _ . , .
God has changed mens tempers with the times, and made
z fpirit of building fucceed a fpirit of pulling down. South.
12. Man of activity; man of life, fire and enterprife.
The watry kingdom is no bar
To flop ti e foreign Jpints, but they come. Shakefpeare
13. Pcrfons diftinguilhed by qualities of the mind. A trench
word, happily growing obiolete. u t u r
Such pints as he defired to pleafe, fuch would I chufe
for mv judges. , .
j . That which gives vigour or cheerfulnefs to the mind ; the
pureft part of the body bordering, fays Sydenham; on immaterialtv- In this meaning it is commonly written with the plu¬
ral termination.
Though thou did ft but jeft:
With my vex’dfpirits I cannot take a truce,
But they will quake. Shakefpeare’s King John.
When I fit and tell
The warlike feats I’ve done, his fpirits fly out
Into my ftory. Sbakfpeare's Cymhcline.
Alas ! when all our lamps are burn’d,
Our bodies wafted, and ourfpirits fpent,
When we have all the learned volumes turn’d,
Which yield men’s wits both help and ornament;
What can we know, or what can we difeern ? Davies.
To fingthy praife, wou’d heav’n my breath prolong,
Infufing fpirits worthy fuch a fong,
Not Thracian Orpheus fhould tranfeend my lays. Dryden.
By means of the curious lodgment and inofculation of the
auditory nerves, the orgafms of the fpirits fhould be allayed.
Derham.
In fome fair body thus the fecret foul
With fpirits feeds, with vigour fills the whole;
kach motion guides, and ev’ry nerve fuftains,
Itfelf unfeen, but in the effe&s remains. Pope.
The king’s party, called the cavaliers, began to recover
theirfpirits. Sivift.
15. The likenefs; eflential qualities.
Italian pieces will appear beft in a room where the windows
are high, becaufe they are commonly made to a defending
light, 'which of all other doth fet off mens faces in their
trued fpirit. ' W°"m16. Any thing eminently pure and refined.
Nor doth the eye itfelf.
That mod pure fpirit of fenfe, behold itfelf. Shakefpeare.
17. That which hath power or energy..
All bodies have fpirits and pneumatical parts within them ;
but the main difference between animate and inanimate are,
that the fpirits of things animate are all continued within
themfelves, and branched in veins as blood is; and thafpirits
have alfo certain feats where the principal do refide, and ^here¬
unto the reft do refort; but the fpirits in things inanimate
are (hut in and cut off by the tangible parts, as air in fnow.
Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
18. An inflammable liquour raifed by diftillation.
What the chymifts call fpirit, they apply the name to fo
many differing things, that they leem to have no fettled notion
of the thing. °In general, they give the name offpirit to any
diflilled volatile liquour. . Boyje‘
All fpirits, by frequent ufe, deftroy, and at lalt extinguiln
the natural heat of the ftomach. Temple.
In diftillations, what trickles down the fides ofthe receiver,
if it will not mix with water, is oil; if it will, it is\ fpirit.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
19. It may be obferved, that in the old poets fpirit was com¬
monly a monofyllable, being writtenJpright orJprite.
The charge thereof unto a courteousfright
Commanded was. ^penfer.
To Spirit, v. a.
1. To animate or a&uate as a fpirit.
So talk’d the fpirited fly fnake. Milton s Par. Lojt.
2. To excite; to animate; to encourage.
He will be faint in any execution of fuch a counfel, unleis
fpirited by the unanimous decrees of a general diet. Temple.
Civil diffenfions never fail of introducing and fpinting the
ambition of private men. Swift on the Cent, in Athens and Rome.
Many officers and private men /pint up and affift thole obftinate people to continue in their rebellion. Swift.
3. To draw; to entice.
In the fouthern coaft of America, the fouthern point ofthe
needle varieth toward the land, as being difpofed andfpirited
that way, by the meridional and proper hemifphere. Broivn.
The miniftry had him fpirited away, and carried abroad as
a dangerous perfon. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Spi'ritally. adv. [fromfpiritus, Latin.] By means of the
breath.
Conceive one of each pronounced fpiritally, the other voca11V• Holder's Elements of Speech.
Sri'RiTED. adj. [fromfpirit] Lively; vivacious; full of fire.
S P I
Dryden’s tranflation of Virgil is noble andfpirited. Pope.
Spi'ritedness. n.f [from fpirited.] Dilpofition or make of
mind.
He fhowed the narrow fpiritednefs, pride, and ignorance of
pedants. _ Addifon.
Spi'ritfulness. n.f. [from fpirit and full.] Sprightlinefs;
livelinefs.
A cocks crowing is, a tone that correfponds to finging, attefting his mirth and fpiritfulness. Harvey.
Spiritless, adj. [fromfpirit ] Deje&ed; low; deprived of
vigour; wanting courage; depreffed.
A man fo faint, fo fpiritlefs,
So dull, fo dead in look, fo woe begone,
Drew Priam’s curtain. Shakefpeare's Henry. IV.
Of their wonted vigour left them drain’d,
Exhaufted,fpiritlefs, affliCted, fall’n. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
Nor did all Rome, grown fpiritlefs, fupply
A man that for bold truth durft bravely die. Dryden.
Art thou fo bafe, fofpiritlefs a Have ?
Not fo he bore the fate to which you doom’d him. Smith.
Spi'RITous. adj. [fromfpirit.]
1. Refined ; defecated; advanced near to fpirit.
More refin’d, more fpiritous and pure.
As nearer to him plac’d, or nearer tending. Milton.
2. Fine; ardent; active.
Spi'ritousness. n.f. [from fpiritous.] Finenefs and adivity
of parts.
They, notwithftanding the great thinnefs and fpiritoufnefs
of the liquor, did, before they broke, lift up the upper lurface,
and for a moment form a thin film like a fmall hemifphere.
Boyle.
Spiritual, adj. [fpiriluel, Fr. fromfpirit.]
1. Diftinct from matter ; immaterial; incorporeal.
Echo is a great argument of the fpiritual eflence of founds;
for if it were corporeal, the repercuffion fhould be created by
like inftruments with the original found. Bacon.
Both vifibles and audible, in their working emit no corpo¬
real fubftance into their mediums, but only carry certain fpi¬
ritual fpecies. Bacon.
All creatures, as well fpiritual as corporeal, declare their
abfolute dependence upon the firft author of all beings, the
only felf-exiftent God. Bentley.
2. Mental; intellectual.
The famedifafter has invaded hisfpirltuals; the paffions re¬
bel ; and there are fo many governours, that there can be no
government. _ South.
3. Not grofs; refined from external things; relative only to
the mind.
Some who pretend to be of a more fpiritual and refined
religion, fpend their time in contemplation, and talk much of
communion with God. Calamy s Sermons.
4. Not temporal; relating to the things of heaven; ecclefiaftical.
Place man in fome publick fociety, civil orfpiritual. Hooker.
Thou art reverend,
Touching thyfpiritual fun&ion, not thy life. Shakefpeare.
I have made an offer to his majefty.
Upon ourfpiritual convocation,
As touching France, to give a greater fum
Than ever at one time the clergy did. Shakefpeare.
Spiritual armour, able to refill;
Satan’s affaults. _ _ Milton.
The clergy’s bufinefs lies among the laity; nor is there a
more effedual way to forward the falvation of mens fouls,
than for fpiritual perfons to make themfelves as agreeable as
they can in the converfations of the world. Swift.
Spirituality, n.f [fromfpiritual.]
1. Incorporeity; immateriality; elTence diftincf from matter.
If this light be not fpiritual, yet it approacheth neareft unto
fpirituality ; and if it have any corporality, then of all other
the molt fubtile and pure. Raleigh.
2. IntelleCIual nature.
A pleafure made for the foul; fuitable to itsfpirituality, and
equal to all its capacities. South's Sermons.
3. [Spirituals, Fr.] ACts independent of the body ; pure aits
of the foul ; mental refinement.
Many fecret indifpofitions and averfions to duty will fteal
upon the foul, and it will require both time and dole applica¬
tion of mind to recover it to luch a frame, as (hall difpYe it
for the fpiritualities of religion. South s Set mans.
4. That which belongs to any one as an ecclefiaftick.
Of common right, the dean and chapter are guan. ians of
the fpiritualities, during the vacancy of a bifhoprick. Ayltffe.
Spiritualty, n.f [fromfpiritual.] ^Ecclefiaftical body.
We of thefpiritua ty
Will raife your highnefs fuch a mighty fum,
As never did the clergy at one time. Shakefpeare.
Spiritualiza'tion. n.f [from Jpvitua.ize.] The ad or
Smtia v.a. [fptritualifer, Fr. fromfpirit.] Torefine the intelled ; to purity from the feculencies of the world.
This would take it much out of the care of the foul, to
fpiritualize and repleniih it with good works. Hammond
4
S P S P I
I
We begin our furvey from the loweft dregs of fenfe, and
fo afcend to our more fpiritualized felves. Glanvillc.
As to the future glory in which the body is to partake, that
load of earth which now engages to corruption, muft be
calcined and fpiritualized, and thus be clothed upon with
glory. . . D^y of Piety.
If man will a<3 rationally, he cannot admit any competition
between a momentary fatisfadtion, and an everlafting happinefs, as great as God can give, and ourfpiritualized capa¬
cities receive. Rogers’s Sermons.
Spiritually, adv. [from fpiritual] Without corporeal
aroffnefs; with attention to things purely intelle&ual.
In the fame degree that virgins live more Jpiritually than
other perfons, in the fame degree is their virginity a more ex¬
cellent ftate. Taylor’s Rule ofholy Living.
Spiri'tuous. ad), [fpiritueux, Fr. fromfpirit.]
1. Having the quality of fpirit, tenuity and adtivity of parts.
More refin’d, more Jpirituous and pure.
As to him nearer tending. Milton.
The mod fpirituous and mod fragrant part of the plant
exhales by the adfion of the fun. Arbuthnot.
2. Lively; gay; vivid ; airy.
It may appear airy and fpirituous, and fit for the welcome
of chearful guefts. IVotton s Architecture.
Spirituo'sity. \n.f. [fromfpirituous."] The quality of beSpirituou'sn ess. ) ing fpirituous ; tenuity and activity.
To Spirt, v. n. [fpruyten, Dutch, to fhoot up, Skinner;
fpritta, Swedifh, to fly out. Lye.J To fpring.out in a hid¬
den ftream ; to ftream out by intervals.
Bottling of beer, while new and full of fpirit, fo that itfpirteth when the ftopple is taken forth, maketh the drink more
quick and windy. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
Thus the fmall jett, which hafty hands unlock,
Spirts in the gard’ner’s eyes who turns the cock. Pope.
To Spirt, v. a. To throw out in a jet.
When weary Proteus
Retir’d for ftielter to his wonted caves,
His finny flocks about their fhepherd play,
And rowling round him, fpirt the bitter fea. Dryden.
When rains the paflage hide,
Oft the loofe ftonesfpirt up a muddy tide
Beneath thy carelefs foot. Gay.
ToSpi'rtle. v. a. [A corruption offpirt.'] Todiffipate.
The terraqueous globe would, by the centrifugal force of
that motion, be foon diflipated and fpirtled into the circum¬
ambient fpace, was it not kept together by this noble contri¬
vance of the Creator. Derhain s Phyfico-T. heology.
Spi'ry. ad), [from fpireC\
1. Pyramidal.
Wafte fandy valleys, once perplex’d with thorn,
Thefpiry firr, and fhapely box adorn. Pope’s AAeffiah.
In thefe lone walls, their days eternal bound,
Thefe mofs-grown domes with fpiry turrets crown’d.
Where awful arches make a noon-day night.
And the dim windows fhed a folemn light;
Thy eyes diffus’d a reconciling ray.
And gleams of glory brighten’d all the day. Pope.
2. Wreathed; curled.
Hid in thefpiry volumes of the fhake,
I lurk’d within the covert of a brake. Dryden.
Spiss. ad). [fpiffuSi Latin.] Clofe; firm; thick.
From his modeft and humble charity, virtues which rarely
cohabit with the fwelling windinefs of much knowledge, iffiied
this fpifs and denfe, yet polifhed; this copious, yet concife
treatife of the variety of languages. Brerewood.
SpPssitude. n.f [from fpijfus, Latin.] Groffhefs; thicknefs.
Drawing wine or beer from the lees, called racking, it will
clarify the fooner; for though the lees keep the drink in heart,
and make it lafting, yet they caff up fome fpijfitude. Bacon.
Spiffitude is fubdued by acrid things, and acrimony by infpiflating. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Spit. n.f. [ypitan, Saxon; fpit, Dutch; fpedo, Italian.]
1. A long prong on which meat is driven to be turned before
the fire.
A goodly city is this Antiurn;
’Tis I that made thy widows : then know me not,
Left that thy wives with fpits, and boys with ftones
In puny battle flay me. Shakcfpeare's Coriolanus.
They may be contrived to the moving of fails in a chimney
corner, the motion of which may be applied to the turning
of a fpit. Wilkins’s Mathematical Magick.
With Peggy Dixon thoughtful fit.
Contriving for the pot and fpit. Swift.
2. Such a depth of earth as is pierced by one aftion of the fpade.
Where the eartn is wafhed from the quick, face it with
the firftfpit of earth dug out of the ditch. ^ Mortimer,
To Spit. v. a. Preterite Jpat; participle pafT. fpit, or fpitted.
[from the noun.]
I. To put upon a fpit.
I fee my coufin’s ghoft:
Seeking out Romeo, that did fpit his body
Upon a rapier’s point. Shakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet.
2. To thruft through.
IJ'pitted frogs, I crufh’d a heap of emmets. Dryden.
To Spit. v. a. [ypeeran, Saxon; fpytter, Danifh.] To ejedt
from the mouth.
A large mouth, indeed.
That fpits forth death, and mountains, rocks and feas.
Shakcfpeare's King John.
Commiflions which compel from each
The fixth part of his fubftance, makes bold mouths.
Tongues fpit their duties out, and cold hearts fre.ze
Allegiance in them. Shakcfpeare.
To Spit. v. n. To throw out fpittle or moifture of the mouth.
Very good orators, when they are here, will fpit. Shakfp.
I dare meet Surrey,
And fpit upon him whilft I fay he lies. Shakefp. Rich. II.
You fpit upon me laft Wednefday,
You fpurn’d me fuch a day. Shakcfpeare’s Merch. ofVmice.
The watry kingdom, whofe ambitious head
Spits in the face of heaven, is no bar
To ftop the foreign fpirits; but they come. Shakcfpeare.
Hefpat on the ground, made clay of the fpittle, and anointed
the eyes of the blind man. John ix. 6.
A maid came from her father’s houfe to one of the tribu¬
nals of the Gentiles, and declaring herfelf a Chriftian, fpit in
the judge’s face. South.
A drunkard men abhor, and would even fpit at him, were
it not for fear he fhould fomething more than fpit at them.
South’s Sermons.
Spit on your finger and thumb, and pinch the fnufF till
the candle goes out. Swift’s Rules for the Servants.
Spi'ttal. n.f [Corrupted from hojpital.] A charitable foun¬
dation. In ufe only in the phrafes, a fplttal frmon, and rob
not thefpittal.
To Sp/tchcock. v a. To cut an eel in pieces and roaft him.
Of this word I find no good etymology.
No man lards fait pork with orange peel,
Or garnifhes his lamb with Jpitchcockt eel. King.
SPITE, n.f. [fpijt, Dutch; defpit, French.]
1. Malice; rancour; hate; malignity; malevolence.
This breeding ratherfpite than fhame in her, or, if it were
a fhame, a fhame not of the fault, but of the repulfe, fhe did
thirft for a revenge. Sidney.
Bewray tl)ey did their inward boiling fp’tey
Each ftirring others to revenge their caufe. Daniel.
Done all to fpite
The great Creator; but theirfpite ftill ferves
His glory to augment. MIton’s Paradife Lof.
Be gone, ye criticks, and reftrain yourfpite,
Codrus writes on, and will for ever write. Pope.
2. Spite of or In Spite of. Notwithftanding; in defiance of.
It is often ufed without any malignity of meaning.
Blefled be fuch a preacher, whom God made ufe of to fpeak
a word in feafon, and faved me infpite ofthe world, the devil,
and myfelf. South.
In fpite of me I love, and fee too late
My mother’s pride muft find my mother’s fate. Dryden.
For thy lov’d fake, fpite of my boding fears.
I’ll meet the .danger which ambition brings. Rowe.
My father’s fate.
Infpite of all the fortitude that fhines
Before my face in Cato’s great example.
Subdues my foul, and fills my eyes with tears. Addif. Cato.
In fpite of all applications the patient grew worfe every
day. Arbuthnot.
To Spite, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To mifehief; to treat malicioufly ; to vex ; to thwart ma¬
lignantly.
Beguil’d, divorced, wronged, fpighted, (lain,
Moft deteftable death, by thee. Shakefpeare:
I’ll facrifice the lamb that I do love,
Tofpight a raven’s heart within a dove. Shakefpeare.
2. To fill with fpite; to offend.
So with play did he a good while fight againft the fight of
Zelmane, who, more fpited with that courtefy, that one that
did nothing fhould be able to refift her, burned away with
choler any motions which might grow out of her own fweet
difpofition. Sidney.
Darius, fpited at the magi, endeavoured to abolifh not only
their learning but their language. Temple.
Spi'teful. ad), [fpite andjWA] Malicious; malignant.
The Jews were the deadlieft and fpitfullejl enemies of
Chriftianity that were in the world, and in this refpedf their
orders to be fhunned. Hooker.
All you have done
Hath been but for a wayward fon,
Spightful and wrathful. Shahf Macbeth.
Contempt is a thing made up of an undervaluing cf a man,
upon a belief of his utter ufeleflhefs, and a fpiteful endeavour
to engage the reft of the world in the fame flight efteem of
1dm. ^ South’s Sermons.
1 hefpiteful+ftzrs have fhed their venom down.
And now the peaceful planets take their turn. Dryden#
24. U Spitefully*
#
S P L
Spi'tefully. ado. [fromfpiteful.] Malicioufly; malignantly.
Twice falfe Evadne, fpitefully forfworn !
That fatal beaft like this 1 would have torn. Wtiler.
Vanefla fat.
Scarce lift’ning to their idle chat,
rurther than fometimes by a frown,
When they grew pert, to pull them down ;
At laft fhefpitefully was bent
To try their wifdom’s full extent. Swift.
Spi'tefulness. n.f. [from fpiteful.] Malice; malignity;
defire of vexing.
It looks more likefpitefulmfs and ill-nature, than a diligent
fearch after truth. Keil againjl Burnet.
Spi'tted. adj. [fromjpit.] Shot out into length.
Whether the head of a deer, that by age is moreJpitted,
may be brought again to be more branched. Bacon.
Spi'tter. n.J. [from/pit.]
j. One who puts meat on a fpit.
2. One who fpits with his mouth.
3. A young deer. Ainfworth.
Spi'ttle. n.f. [Corrupted from hofpital, and therefore better
written fpitaf orfpittal.] Hofpital. It is ftill retained in
Scotland.
To thefpittle go.
And from the powd’ring tub of infamy
Fetch forth the lazar kite of Creflid’s kind. Shakef H. V.
This is it
That makes the waned widow wed again;
She whom the fpittle houfe, and ulcerous fores.
Would caft the gorge at, this embalms and fpices
To th’April-day again. Shakefp. Timon.
Cure the fpittle world of maladies. Cleaveland.
Spi'ttle. n.f [ ppoeelian, Saxon.] Moifture of the mouth.
The faliva orfpittle is an humour of eminent ufe. Ray.
Maenas and Atys in the mouth were bred,
And never hatch’d within the lab’ring head;
No blood from bitten nails thofe poems drew.
But churn’d likefpittle from the lips they flew. Dryden.
Thefpittle is an active liquor, immediately derived from the
arterial blood: it is faponaceous. . Arbuthnot.
A genius for all ftations fit,
Whofe meaneft talent is his wit;
His heart too great, though fortune little.
To lick a rafcal ftatefman’sfpittle. Swift.
Spi'tvenom. n.f. [fpit and venom.] Poifon ejected from the
mouth.
Thefpitvenom of their poifoned hearts breaketh out to the
annoyance of others. Hooker.
Splanchno'logy, n.f. [fplanchnologie^Yrench', <t7tAdyyjx. and
Xoy©3.] A treatife or defcription of the bowels. Difl.
To SPLASH, v. a. [plafka, Swedifh. They have both an affi¬
nity with plajh.] To daub with dirt in great quantities.
Spla'shy. adj. [from fplafh.] Full of dirty water; apt to
daub.
Spla'yfoot. adj. \_fplay or difplay and foot.] Having the foot
turned inward.
Though ftill fome traces of our ruftick vein,
And fplayfoot verfe remain’d, and will remain. Pope.
Spla'ymouth. n.f. [fplay and mouth.] Mouth widened by
defign.
All authors to their own defeXs are blind :
Had’ft thou but Janus-like a face behind.
To fee the people when fplaymouths they make.
To mark their fingers pointed at thy back,
Their tongues loll’d out a foot. Dryden.
SPLEEN, n.f. [fplen, Latin.]
J. The milt; one of the vifcera, of which the ufe is fcarcely
known. It is fuppofed the feat of anger and melancholy.
If the wound be on the left hypochondrium, under the
fhort ribs, you may conclude thefpleen wounded. JVifeman.
2. Anger; fpite; ill-humour.
If fhe muft teem,
Create her child of fpleen, that it may live
And be a thwart difnatur’d torment to her. Shakefpeare.
Charge not in yourfpleen a noble perfon.
And fpoil your nobler foul. Shakefpeare.
Kind pity checks myfpleen; brave fcorn forbids
Thofe tears to iflue, which fwell my eye-lids. Dome.
All envy’d ; but the Theftyan brethren fhow’d
The leaft refpedt; and thus they vent theirfpleen aloud :
Laydown thofe honour’d fpoils. Dryden.
In noble minds fome dregs remain.
Not yet purg’d off, of fpleen and fourdifdain. Pope.
3. A fit of anger.
Brief as the lightning in the collied night;
That, in a fpleen, unfolds both heav’n and earth;
And, ere a man hath power to fay, behold!
I he jaws of darknefs do devour it up. Shakefpeare.
4.. Melancholy ; hypochondriacal vapours.
Spleen, vapours, and fmall-pox above them all. Pope.
B dies chang’d to recent forms byfpleen. Pope.
S P L
Sple'ened. adj. [fromfpleen.] Deprived of the fpleen.
Animalsfpleened grow falacious. Arbuthnot.,
Sple'enful. adj. [Jpleen andfull.] Angry; peevilh; fretful;
melancholy.
The commons, like an angry hive of bees
That want their leader, fcatter up and down ;
Myfelf have calm’d theirfpleenful mutiny. Shak. H. VI.
The chearful foldiers, with new ftores fupply’d.
Now long to execute theirfpleenful will. Dryden.
If you drink tea upon a promontory that over-hangs the
fea, the whiffling of the wind is better mufick to contented
minds than the opera to thefpleenful. Pope.
Sple'enless. adj. [fromfpleen.] Kind; gentle; mild. Obfolete.
Mean time flew our fhips, and ftreight we fetcht
The fyren’s ifle; a fpleenlcfs wind fo ftretcht
Her wings to waft us, and fo urg’d our keel. Chapman.
Sple'enwort, n.f [fpleen and wort.] Miltwafte. A plant.
The leaves and fruit are like thofe of the fern; but the pin¬
nule are eared at their bafis. Miller.
Safe pafs’d the gnome through this fantaftick band,
A branch of healingfpleenwort in his hand. Pope.
Sple'eny. adj. [fromJpleen.] Angry; peevifh.
What though I know her virtuous,
And well deferving; yet I know her for
Afpleeny Lutheran, and not wholfome to
Our caufe. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
SpLe'ndent. adj. [fplendens^ Latin.] Shining; gloffy; having
luftre.
They affigned them names from fome remarkable qualities,
that is very obfervable in their red andfplendent planets. Brown.
Metallick fubftances may, by reafon of their great denfity,
reflect all the light incident upon them, and fo be as opake and
fplendent as it’s poffible for any body to be. Newton.
SPLE'NDID. adj. [fplendide, Fr. fpiendidus, Latin.] Showy;
magnificent; fumptuous ; pompous.
Unacceptable, though in heav’n, our ftate
Of fplendid vaflalage. Milton.
Deep in a rich alcove the prince was laid,
And flept beneath the pompous colonade:
Faft by his fide Pififtratus lay fpread,
In age his equal, on afplendid bed. Pope’s Odyffey.
Sple'ndidly. adv. [fromfplendid:J Magnificently; fumptuoufly; pompoufly.
Their condition, though it look fplendidly, yet when you
handle it on all Tides, it will prick your fingers. Taylor.
You will not admit you livefplendidly, yet it cannot be
denied but that you live neatly and elegantly. More.
How he lives and eats,
How largely gives, howfplendidly he treats. Dryden:
He, of the royal ftore
Splendidly frugal, fits whole nights devoid
Of fweetrepofe. Philips.
Sple'ndour. n.f. [fplendeur, French; fplendor, Latin.]
1. Luftre; power of Ihining.
Splendour hath a degree of whitenefs, efpecially if there be
a little repercuffion; for a looking-glafs, with the fteel behind,
looketh whiter than glafs Ample. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
The dignity of gold above filver is not much; thefplendour is alike, and more pleafing to fome eyes, as in cloth of
filver. Bacon’s Phyf. Remarks.
The firft fymptoms are a chilnefs, a certain fplendour or
fhining in the eyes, with a little moifture. Arbuthnot.
2. Magnificence; pomp.
Romulus, being to give laws to his new Romans, found
no better way to procure an efteem and reverence to them,
than by firft procuring it to himfelf by fplendour of habit and
retinue. South's Sermons.
’Tis ufe alone that fanXifies expence.
And fplendour borrows all her rays from fenfe: Pope.
Sple'netick. adj. [fplenetique^ French.] Troubled with the
fpleen ; fretful; peevilh.
Horace purged himfelf from thefe fplenetick reflexions in
odes and epodes, before he undertook his fatyrs. Dryden.
This daughter filently lowers, t’other fteals a kind look at
you, a third is exaXly well behaved, and a fourth a fplene¬
tick. Tatler.
You humour me when I am Tick ;
Why not when I am fplenetick ? Pope.
Sple'nick. adj. [fplenique, French; fplen, Latin.] Belonging
to the fpleen.
Suppofe the fpleen obftruXed in its lower parts andfplenick
anch, a potent heat caufeth the orgafmus to boil. Harvey.
The fplenick vein hath divers cells opening into it near its
extremities in human bodies; but in quadrupeds the cells open
into the trunks of thefplenick veins. Ray on the Creation.
Sple'nish. adj. [fromjpleen.] Fretful; peevifh.]
Yourfelves you muft engage,
Somewhat to cool your fplenifh rage,
Your grievous thirft, and to aflwage,
Xhat fit ft you drink this liquor. Drayton.
Sple'nitive.
S P L
Splenitive, adj. [fromfpleend] Hotj fiery j paJlionate. Not
In ufe.
Take thy fingers from my throat;
For though I am notfplenitive and ra(h,
Yet I have in me fomething dangerous. Shake/. Hamlet.
Splent. n.f [Or perhapsfplint \ Jpinella, Italian.]
SpUnts is a callous hard fubftance, or an infenfible fwelling,
which breeds on or adheres to the (hank-bone, and when it
grows big fpoils the (hape of the leg. When there is but one,
it is called a finglefplent ; but when there is another oppolite to
it on the outfide of the (hank-bone, it is called a pegged or
pinned fplent. . Farrier s Diii.
To Splice, v. a. [fpHJJen, Dutch; plico, Latin.] To join the
two ends of a rope without a knot.
Splint, n.f. [fplinter, Dutch.] A thin piece of wood or other
matter ufed by chirurgeons to hold the bone newly fet in its
place.
The ancients, after the feventh day, ufed fplints, which
not only kept the members fteady, but ftraight; and of thefe
fame are made of tin, others of fcabbard and wood, fowed up
in linnen cloths. Wijemans Surgery.
To Splint. 7 r c .u i
/-p o , >v.a. [ from the noun. J
lo Spli nter. 5 L
1. To fecure by fplints.
This broken joint intreat her to fplinter, and this crack of
your love (hall grow (Longer than it was before. Sbak. Othello.
2. To (hiver; to break into fragments.
SPLI'NTER. n.f. [fplinter, Dutch.]
1. A fragment of any thing broken with violence.
He was (Iain upon a courfe at tilt, one of the fplinters of
Montgomery’s ftaff going in at his bever. Bacon.
Amidft whole heaps of fpices lights a ball.
And now their odours arm’d againft them die;
Some precioufly by (hatter’d porcelain fall.
And fome by aromatick fplinters die. Dryckn.
2. A thin piece of wood.
A plain Indian fan, ufed by the meaner fort, made of the
fmall ftringy parts of roots, fpread out in a round flat form,
and fo bound together with a fplinter hoop, and (Lengthened
with fmall bars on both (ides. Grew's Mufaum.
To Spli'nter. v. n. [from the noun.] To be broken into
fragments.
To SPLIT, v. a. pret.fplit. [fpletten. fplitten, Dutch.]
J. To cleave ; to rive; to divide longitudinally in two.
Do’t, and thou haft the one half of my heart;
Do’t not, thou fplit'ft thine own. Sbak. Winter's Tale.
Mine own tongue fplits what it fpeaks. Shakefpeare.
That felf-hand
Hath, with the courage which the heart did lend it,
• Splitted the heart. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Wer’t thou ferv’d up two in one di(h, the rather
To fplit thy fire into a double father? Cleaveland.
When cold Winterfplit the rocks in twain.
He ftript the bearsfoot of its leafy growth. Dryden.
A fkull fo hard, that it is almoft as eafy tofplit a helmet of
iron as to make a fradture in it. Ray on the Creation.
This effort is in fome earthquakes fo vehement, that itfplits
and tears the earth, making cracks or chafms in it fome
miles. Woodward.
2. To divide; to part.
Their logick has appeared the mere art of wrangling, and
their metaphyficks the (kill of fplitting an hair, of diftmguilhing without a difference. Watts's Improv. of the Mind.
One and the fame ray is by refraction difturbed, (hattered,
dilated, and fplit, and fpread into many diverging rays. Newt.
He inftances Luther’s fenfuality and difobcdience; two
crimes which he has dealt with, and to make the more folemn
(hew he fplit ’em into twenty. Atterbury,
Oh, would it pleafe the gods tofplit
Thy beauty, fize, and years, and wit.
No age could furnilh out a pair
Of nymphs fo graceful, wife, and fair;
With half the luftre of your eyes,
With half your wit, your years, and fize. Sivift.
*. To da(h and break on a rock.
God’s defertion, as a full and violent wind, drives him in
an inftant, not to the harbour, but on the rock where he will
be irrecoverablyfplit. Decay ofPiety.
Thofe who live by (hores, with joy behold
Some wealthy veflel fplit or (Landed nigh ;
And from the rocks leap down for (hipwreck’d gold.
And feek the tempefts which the others fly. Dryden.
4. To divide ; to break into difcord.
In (fates notorioufly irreligious, a fecret and irrefiftible
power fplits their counfels, and fmites their mod refined poli¬
cies with fruftration and a curie. South's Sermons.
To Split, v. n.
1. To burft in funder; to crack; to fuffer difruption.
A huge veflel of exceeding hard marblejplit afunder by con¬
gealed water. Boyle.
What is’t to me.
Who never fail on her unfaithful fea,
S P O
If ftorms arife and clouds grow black,
If the mallJplit, and threaten wrack ? Drydeni
The road that to the lungs this (lore tranfmits,
Into unnumber’d narrow channelsfplits. Blackmore.
Each had a gravity would make youfplit,
And (hook his head at M—y as a wit. Pope.
2. To be broken againft rocks.
After our (hip didfplit.
When you, and the poor number fav d with you,
Hung on our driving boat. # # Shakefbeart.
Thefe are the rocks on which the fanguine tribe of lovers
dailyfplit, and on which the politician, the alchymift, and pro¬
jector are caft away. _ Addifon s Spectator.
The feamen fpied a rock, and the wind was fo (Long that
we were driven direCtly upon it, and immediately^///. Gulhv.
Spli'tter. n.f. [fromfplit-] One who fplits.
How (hould we rejoice, if, like Judas the firft,
Thofefplitters of parfons in funder (hould burft ! Swift.
Splu'tter. n.f. Buftle; tumult. A low word.
To SPOIL, v. a. [fpolio, Latin ; fpolier, French.]
1. To rob ; to take away by force.
Ye took joyfully the fpoiling of your goods, knowing in
yourfelves that ye have in heaven an enduring fubftance. Heb.
This mount
With all his verdure fpoil'd, and trees adrift. Milton’.
2. To plunder; to (trip of goods.
Yielding themfelves upon the Turks faith, for the fafeguard
of their liberty and goods, they were mod injuriouflyfpoiled
of all that they had. Knolles's Hiftory of the Turks;
Thou (halt not gain what I deny to yield.
Nor reap the harveft, though thoufpoil'Jl the field. Prior.
My fons their old unhappy fire defpife.
Spoil'd of his kingdom, and depriv’d of eyes. Pope.,
3. To corrupt; to mar; to make ufelefs. [This is properly
fpill, ypillan, Saxon.]
Beware left any manfpoil you, through philofophy and vain
deceit. Col. ii. 8.
Spiritual pridefpoils many graces. Taylor.
To Spoil. v. n.
1. To praClice robbery or plunder.
England was infefted with robbers and outlaws, which*
lurking in woods* ufed often to break forth to rob andfpoil. .
Spenfer ori Ireland.
They which hate usfpoil for themfelves. Pf xliv. 14.
2. To grow ufelefs ; to be corrupted.
He that gathered a hundred bulhels of acorns, or apples,
had thereby a property in them : he was only to look that he
ufed them before theyfpoiled, elfe he robbed others. Locke.
Spoil, n.f. [fpolium, Latin.]
1. That which is taken by violence; that which is taken from
an enemy; plunder ; pillage; booty.
The cry of Talbot ferves me for a fword ;
For I have loaden me with manyfpoils,
Ufing no other weapon but his name. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Where the cleaver chops the heifer’sfpoil,
Thy breathing noftril hold. Gay's Trivia.
2. The a& of robbery; robbery; wafte.
The man that hath not mufick in himfelf.
Nor is not mov’d with concord of fweet founds,
Is fit for treafons, ftratagems, and fpoils. Shakefpeare.
Go and fpeed!
Havock, and fpoil, and ruin are my gain. Milt. Parad. Lojl.
3. Corruption; caufe of corruption.
Company, villainous company, hath been the fpoil of
me. Shakefpeare.
4. The (lough; the caft-off lkin of a ferpent.
Snakes, the rather for the calling of theirfpoil, live ’till they
be old. Bacon,
Spo'ileR. n.f. [fromfpoil.']
1. A robber; a plunderer; a pillager.
Such ruin of her manners Rome
Doth fuffer now, as (he’s become
Both her own fpoiler and own prey. Ben. John/. Catiline.
Providence, where it loves a nation, concerns itfelf to own
and afiert the intereft of religion, by blading thefpoilers of re¬
ligious perfons and places. South's Sermons.
Came you, then, here, thus far, thro’ waves, to conquer.
To wafte, to plunder, out of meer companion ?
Is it humanity that prompts you on ?
Happy for us, and happy for you/pollers.
Had your humanity ne’er reach’d our world ! A. Philips.
2. One who mars or corrupts any thing.
Spo'ilful. adj. [fpoil and full.'] Wafteful; rapacious.
Having oft in battle vanquilhed
Thofefpoilful Pidls, and fwarmingEafterlings,
Long time in peace his realm eftablifhed. ’Fairy 9ueen.
Spoke, n.f. [ypaca, Saxon; fpeiche, German.] The bar of a
wheel that pafles from the nave to the felly.
All you gods,
In general fynod take away her power;
Break all the/pokes and fellies of her wheel,
And bowl the round nave down the hill of heav’n. Shale'.
* N9
S P o S P o
Swift.
Sprat.
No heir e’er drove fo fine a coach j
Thejpokes, we are by Ovid told.
Were filver, and the axle gold.
Spoke. The preterite of [peak.
They [poke beft in the glory of their conqucft.
Spoken. Participle paffive of [peak.
Wouldft thou befpoken for to the king ? 2 Kings iv. I 3.
The original of thefe figns for communication is found in
viva voce, in fpoken language. Holder s Elements of Speech.
Spokesman. n.f. [fpoke and man.] One who fpeaks for
another.
’Tis you that have the reafon.
—To do what?
—To be afpokefman from madam Silvia: Shakefpeare.
He {hall be thyfpokefman unto the people. Ex. iv. 16.
To SPO'LIATE. v. a. [[polio, Lat.] To rob ; to plunder. Di£l.
Spoliation, n.f. [fpoliation, French; fpoliatio, Latin,] The
aft of robbery or privation.
An ecclefiaftical benefice is fometimes void de jure &faflo>
and fometimes defafio> and not de jure ; as when a man fuffers a[foliation by his own aft. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Spo'ndee. n.f. [Jpondee, French ; fpondaus^ Latin.] A foot of
two long fyllables.
We fee in the choice of the words the weight of the ftone,
and the ftriving to heave it up the mountain: Homer clogs the
verfe with fpondees, and leaves the vowels open. Broome.
Spo'ndyle. n.f [<T7rovJ'uA©J; fpondile, Fr. fpondylus, Latin.]
A vertebra; a joint of the fpine.
It hath for the fpine or back-bone a cartilaginous fubftance,
without anyfpondyles> procefles, or protuberances. Brown.
SPONGE, n.f. [fpongia, Latin.] A foft porous fubftance fuppofed by fome the nidus of animals. It is remarkable for
fucking up water.
Sponges are gathered from the fides of rocks, being as a large
but tough mofs. Bacon.
They opened and wafhed part of theirfponges. Sandys.
Great officers are like fponges: they fuck ’till they are full,
and, when they come once to be fqueezed, their very heart’s
blood come away. L’Efrange.
To Sponge, v.a. [from the noun.] To blot; to wipe away
as with a fponge.
Except between the words of tranfiation and the mind of
Scripture itfelf there be contradiction, very little difference
fhould not feem an intolerable blemifli neceftarily to btfpunged
out. Hooker.
1o Sponge, v. n. To fuck in as a fponge; to gain by mean
arts.
The ant lives upon her own honefty; whereas the fly is an
intruder, and a common fmell-feaft, that fpunges upon other
people’s trenchers. L’Efrange.
Here wont the dean, when he’s to feek,
Tofpunge a breakfaft once a week. Swift.
Spo'nger. n.f [fromfponge.] One who hangs for a main¬
tenance on others.
A generous rich man, that kept a fplendid and open table,
would try which were friends, and which only trencher-flies
andfpungers. L’Eftrange.
Spo'nginess. n.f. [fromfpongy.] Softnefs and fulnefs of ca¬
vities like a fponge.
The lungs are expofed to receive all the droppings from the
brain : a very fit ciftern, becaufe of theirfponginef. Harvey.
Spo'ngious. adj. [fpongieux, French; from fponge.] Full of
fmall cavities like a fponge.
All thick bones are hollow orfpongeous, and contain an
oleaginous fubftance in little veficles, which by the heat of the
body is exhaled through thefe bones to fupply their fibres, Chey.
Spo'ngy. adj. [fromfponge.]
1. Soft and full of fmall interftitial holes.
The lungs are the moft fpongy part of the body, and there¬
fore ableft to contraft and dilate itfelf. Bacon’s Nat. Hi/lory.
A fpongy excrefcence groweth upon the roots of the lafertree, and upon cedar, very white, light, and friable, called
agarick. Bacon’s Natural Hifory.
The body of the tree being veryfpongy within, though hard
without, they eafily contrive into canoes. More.
Into earth’sfpungy veins the ocean finks,
Thofe rivers to replenifh which he drinks. Denham.
Return, unhappy fwain!
The fpungy clouds are fill’d with gath’ring rain.’ Dryden.
Her bones are all veryfpongy, and more remarkably thofe of
a wild bird, which flies much, and long together. Greiv.
2. Wet; drenched; foaked; full like a fponge.
When their drenched natures lie as in a death.
What cannot you and I perform upon
1 h unguarded Duncan ? What not put upon
H isfpungy officers, who {hall bear the guilt. Shakefp.
Sp0NK. n.f. A word in Edinburgh which denotes a match,
, or any thing dipt in fulphur that takes fire : as, any fponks will
ye buy ? Touchwood.
Spo'nsal. adj. [fponfalis, Latin.] Relating to marriage.
Spo'nsion. n.J. [fponftQ) Latin.] The aft of becoming furety
for another.
Spo'nsor. n.f. [Latin.] A furety; one who makes a promife
or gives fecurity for another.
In the baptifm of a male there ought to be two males and
one woman, and in the baptifm of a female child two women
and one man; and thefe are called fponfors or fureties for their
education in the true Chriftian faith. Aylijfe’s Parergon.
The fponfor ought to be of the fame ftation with the perfon
to whom he becomes furety. Broome.
Sponta'neity. n.f [ fpontaneitas, fchool Lat. fpontaneilf Fr.
from fpontaneous.] Voluntarinefs; willingnefs; accord un¬
compelled.
Neceffity and fpontaneity may fometimes meet together, fo
mayfpontaneity and liberty ; but real neceffity and true liberty
can never. Bramh. againf Hobbs.
Strift neceffity they fimple call;
It fo binds the will, that things foreknown
Byfpontaneity not choice are done. Dryden.
SPONTANEOUS, adj. [fpontahee, French; fromfponte, Lat.]
Voluntary ; not compelled ; afting without compulfion or reftraint; afting of itfelf; afting of its own accord.
Many analogal motions in animals, though I cannot call
them voluntary, yet I fee them fpontaneous: I have reafon to
conclude, that thefe arc not Amply mechanical. Hale.
They now came forth
Spontaneous; for within them fpirit mov’d
Attendant on their lord. Miltons
While John for nine-pins does declare.
And Roger loves to pitch the bar.
Both legs and armsfpontaneous move.
Which was the thing I meant to prove. Prior.
Begin with fenfe, of ev’ry art the foul,
Parts anfwering parts {hall Aide into a whole ;
Spontaneous beauties all around advance.
Start ev’n from difficulty, ftrike from chance,
Nature {hall join you, time ftrall make it grow.
Spontaneously, adv. [fromfpontanebus.] Voluntarily; of
its own accord.
This would be as impoffible as that the lead of an edifice
fhould naturally and fpontaneoufy mount up to the roof, while
lighter materials employ themlelves beneath it. Bentley.
Whey turns fpontaneoufy acid, and the curd into cheefe as
hard as a ftone. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Sponta'neousness. n.f. [fromfpontaneous.] Voluntarinefs;
freedom of will; accord unforced.
The fagacities and inftinftsof brutes, thefpcntaneoufnefs of
many of their animal motions, are not explicable without
fuppofing fome aftive determinate power connexed to and in¬
herent in their fpirits, of a higher extraftion than the bare
natural modification of matter. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Spool, n.f. [fpuhf German ; fpohf Dutch.] A fmall piece of
cane or reed, with a knot at each end; or a piece of wood
turned in that form to wind yarn upon ; a quill.
To Spoom. v.n. [Probably from j'pume, or foam, as a {hip
driven with violence fpumes, or raifes a foam.]
When virtue fpooms before a profperous gale.
My heaving willies help to fill the fail. Dryden.
SPOON, n.f. [fpaen, Dutch ; fpene, Danifh ; fpconn, Ifiandick.]
A concave veffel with a handle, ufed in eating liquids.
Would’ft thou drown thvfelf.
Put but a little water in a fpoon,
And it fnali be as all the ocean,
Enough to ftifle fuch a villain up. Shakefp. King J.hn.
This is a devil, and no monfter : I will leave him ; I have
no longfpoon. Shakep. Tempcf.
Or o’er cold coffee trifle with the fpoon,
Count the flow clock, and dine exaft at noon. Pcpe.
Spo'onbill. n.f. [Jpoon and bill.] A bird.
The fhoveller, orfpoonbill; the former name the more pro¬
per, the end of the bill being broad like a {hovel; but not
concave like a fpoon, but perteftly flat. Crew’s Mufaum.
Ducks and geefe have fuch long broad bills to quaffer in
water and mud; to which we may reckon the bill of the
fpoonbill. Derham’s Phyfco-Theology.
Spo'onful. n.f. [fpoon and full.]
1. As much as is generally taken at once in a fpoon. A medical
fpoonful is half an ounce.
Prefcribe him, before he do life the receipt, that he take
fuch a pill, or afpoonful of liquor. Bucon.
2. Any fmall quantity of liquid.
Surely the choice and nreafure of the materials of which
the whole body is compofed, and what we take daily by
pounds, is at leaft of as much importance as of what we take
feldom, and only by grains and Jpconfuls. Arbuthnot.
Spo'onmeat. n.f. [)pcon and meat.] Liquid tood; ncurifhment taken with a fpoon. .
We preferred a {lender diet, allowing onlyfpoonmeais. Wft.
Wretched
Arc mortals born to fleep their lives away!
Go back to what thy infancy began,
Eat pap and fpoonmeat; for thy gugaws cry,
Be fullen, and refufe the lullaby. Dryden s Perf
9
Diet
S P o S P o
Diet moft upon /poonmeats, as veal, or cock-bioths. LLarv,
Spoo'nwort, or Scurvygrafs. n./ See Scurvygr ass.
To Spoon, v. n. In fea language; is when a (hip being un¬
der fail in a ftorm cannot bear it, but is obliged to put right
before the wind. v . Bailey.
Spora'dical. adj. [ruo^x^uo;;/poradique, French.]
A fperadical difeafe is an endemial dileafe, what in a parti¬
cular l'eafon nffedts but few people. Arbuthnot.
SPORT.' n.f [Jpotty a make-game, Iflandick.]
j. play; diverfion; game; frolick and tumultuous merrimtnt.
Her /ports were fuch as carried riches of knowledge upon
the ftream of delight. Sidney.
As flies to wanton boys, are we to th’ gods;
They kill us for their /port. Shake/peare’s K. Lear.
IfI fufpedt without caufe, why then make/port at me; then
let me be your jeft. Shake/peare.
When their hearts were merry, they faid, call for Samfon;
that he may make us/port ; and they called for him, and he
made them^or/. JU^S- xv‘- 25-
As a mad-man who cafteth fire-brands, arrows and death ;
fo is the man that deceiveth his neighbour, and faith, am not
I in /tort? Prov. xxvi. 19.
The difeourfe of fools is irkfome; and their/port is in the
wantonnefs of fin. Ecclus xxvii. 13.
2. Mock ; contemptuous mirth.
They had his meffengers in derifion and made a /port of
his prophets. 1 Ejdr.i. 51.
To make /port with his word, and to endeavour to render
it ridiculous, by turning that holy book into raillery, is a dired! affront to God. Tillotfon’s Sermons,
3. That with which one plays.
Each on his rock transfix’d, the/port and prey
Of wrecking whirlwinds. Milton.
Commit not thy prophetick mind
To flitting leaves, the /port of every wind.
Left they difperfe in air. Dryden.
4. Play ; idle gingle.
An author who fhould introduce fuch a /port of words upon
our ftage, would meet with fmall applaufe. Broome.
5. Diverfion of the field, as of fowling, hunting, fifhing.
Now for our mountain/port, up to yon hill.
Your legs are young. Shake/peare s Cymbeline.
The king, who was exceflively affedled to hunting, and
the /ports of the field, had a great defire to make a great park
for red as well as fallow deer, between Richmond and Hamp¬
ton court. Clarendon,
To Sport, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To divert; to make merry.
The poor man wept and bled, cried and prayed, while they
/ported themfelves in his pain, and delighted in his prayers as
the argument of their victory. Sidney.
Away with him, and let her/port herfelf
With that fhe’s big with. Shake/peare’s Winter’s Tale.
Againft whom do ye /port yourfelves ? againft whom make
ye a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue ? I/a. Ivii. 4.
What pretty ftories thefe are for a man of his ferioufnefs to
/port himfelf withal! Atterbury.
Let fuch writers go on at their deareft peril, and/port them¬
felves in their own deceivings. Watts.
2. To reprefent by any kind of play.
Now/porting on thy lyre the love of youth,
Now virtuous age and venerable truth ;
Exprefling juftly Sappho’s wanton art
Of odes, and Pindar’s more majeftick part. Dryden.
To Sport, v. n.
1. To play; to frolick; to game; to wanton.
They /'porting with quick glance.
Shew to the fun their wav’d coats dropt with gold. Milton.
Larifla, as (he/ported at this play, was drowned in the ri¬
ver Peneus. Broome’s Notes on the Odyj/ey.
2. To trifle.
If any man turn religion into raillery, by bold jefts, he ren¬
ders himfelf ridiculous, becaufe fit/ports with his own life. Till.
Spo'rtful. adj. [/port andfull.] Merry; frolick; wanton;
ludicrous; done in jeft.
Row with a fport/ul malice it was follow’d,
May rather pluck on laughter than revenge. Shake/peare.
His highnefs, even in fuch a flight and/port/ul damage, had
a noble fenfe of juft dealing. IVottm.
Down he alights among the /port/ul herd
Of thofe four-footed kinds. Milton.
Behold your own Afcanius, while he faid.
He drew his glitt’ring helmet from his head,
.
In which the youth to /port/ul arms he led. Dryden
They are no /'port/ul productions of the foil, but did once
belong to real and living fifhes; feeing each of them doth ex¬
actly refemble fome other Ihell on the fea-fhore. Bentley.
A catalogue of this maybe had in AlbericusGentilis; which,
becaufe it is too /port/ul, I forbear to mention. Baker.
Sportfully, adv. [from /port/ul.] Wantonly ; merrily.
Spo'rtfulness. n.f. [from [portful.] Wantonnels; play;
merriment; frolick. r
The otter got out of the river, and inweeded himfelf fo, a;
t’ e ladies loft the further marking of hisfport/ulne/s. Sidney.
SpO'Rtive. adj. [from /port.] Gay; merry; frolick ; wan¬
ton; playful; ludicrouSi
I am not in ajportive humbut now ;
Tell me, and dally not, where is the money ? Shake/peare.
Is it I
That drive thee from the/portive court, where thou
Was’t (hot at with fair eyes, to be the mark
Of ffnoky mufkets ? Shake/peare’s All’s well that ends well.
While thus the conftant pair alternate faid,
Joyful above them and around them play’d
Angels and /portive loves, a numerous crowd,
Smiling they clapt their wings, and low they bow’d. Prior.
We muft not hope wholly to change their original tem¬
pers, nor make the gay, penfive and grave; nor the melan¬
choly, /portive, without fpoiling them. Locke.
No wonder favages or fubjeCts flain;
Were equal crimes in a defpotick reign;
Both doom’d alike fov/portive tyrants bltd,
But fubje&s ftarv'd while favages Were fed. Pope.
Spo'rtiveness. n./ [from/portive.] Gaiety; play; wantonnefs.
Shall I conclude her to be Ample, that has her time to be¬
gin, or refufe/portivene/s as freely as I have ? Walion s' Angler.
Spo'rtsman. n. f. [/pvt and man.] One who purfues the
recreations of the field.
Manilius lets us know the pagan hunters had Meleager for
their patron, as the Chriftians have their St. Hubert: he fpeaks
of the conftellation which makes a good fport/man. Addi/on.
Spo'rtIjle. n f. [/portule, French ; /portida, Latin.] An alms;
a dole.
The bifhops, who confecrated the ground, had a fpill or
/portule from the credulous laity. Ayliffe's Parergon.
SPOT. n. /. [Jpette, Danifh; Jpotte, Flemifh.]
1. A blot; a mark made by difcoloration.
This three years day, thefe eyes, though cleat
To outward view of blemifh or ok/pot.
Bereft of fight, their feeing have forgot. Milton.
A long feries of anceftors {hews the native luftre with advan¬
tage ; but if he any way degenerate from his line, the leaft
/pot is vifible on ermine. Dryden.
2. A taint; a difgrace ; a reproach.
3. 1 know not well the meaning of/pot 'in this place, unlefs it
be a fcandalous woman; a difgrace to her fex.
Let him take thee,
And hoift thee up to the (homing plebeians;
Follow his chariot, like the greatelt/pet
Of all thy fex. Shake/peare's Antony and Cleopatra.
4. A fmall extent of place.
That/pot to which I point is paradife, ,
Adam’s abode, thofe lofty (hades his bow’r. Milton.
He, who with Plato, {hall place beatitude in the knowledge
of God, will have his thoughts raifed to other contemplations
than thofe who looked not beyond this/pot of earth, and thofe
perifhing things in it. Locke.
,About one of thefe breathing paflages is a /pot of myrtles,
that flourifh within the fleam of thefe vapours. Addi/on.
Abdallah converted the whole mountain into a kind of gar¬
den, and covered every part of it with plantations or/pots of
flowers. The Guardian.
He that could make two ears of corn grow upon a/pot of
ground where only one grew before, would deferve better of
mankind than the whole race of politicians. Gulliver.
&. Any particular place.
3 would be bufy in the world, and learn.
Not like a coarfe and ufelefs dunghill weed.
Fix’d to one J'pot, and rot juft as I grow. Otway,
As in this grovel took my laft farewel,
As on this very /pot of earth I fell.
So (he my prey becomes ev’n here. Dryden.
Here Adrian fell : upon that fatal/pot
Our brother died. Granville'
6. Upon the Spot. Immediately; without changing place.
[ Sur le champ.]
The lion did not chop him up immediately upon the /pot;
and yet he was refolved he fhould not efcape. L' EJlrange.
It was determined upon the jpot, according as the oratory
on either fide prevailed. Swi/t.
To Spot. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To mark with difcolorations; to maculate.
They are polluted ofF’rings, more abhorr’d
Than /potted livers in the lacrifice. Shake/peare.
Have you not feen a handkerchief,
Spotted with ftrawberries in your wife’s hand ? Shake/peare
But ferpents now more amity maintain ;
From/potted (kins the leopard does refrain : C
’ No weaker lion’s by a ftronger flain. Tate's Juvenal. J
I counted the patches on both fides, and found the tory
patches to be about twenty ftronger than the whig; but next
morning the whole puppet-fliow was filled with faces [potted
after the whiggifli manner. Addifon’s Sp'etlator.
24 X 2. T#
S P o
2. To corrupt; to difgrace ; to taint.
This vow receive, this vow of God's maintain,
My virgin life, no /potted thoughts fhall thin/ Sidney.
The people of Armenia have retained the chriftian faith,
from the time of the apoftles; but at this day it is/petted with
many abfurdities. Abbot's Dejcript, of the World.
JSpo'tless. adj. [from-yjto/.J
1. Free from fpots.
2. Free from reproach or impurity; immaculate; pure; un¬
tainted.
So much fairer
And fpotlefs fhall mine innocence arife,
When the king knows my truth. Sbakefpeare.
I dare my life lay down, that the queen isfpotlefs
In th’ eyes of heaven. Sbakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
You grac’d the fev’ral parts of life,
A fpotlefs virgin, and a faultlefs wife. Waller.
We fometimes with that it had been our lot to live and converfe with Chrift, to hear his divine difeourfes, and to obferve his fpotlefs behaviour ; and we pleafe ourfelves perhaps
with thinking, how ready a reception we fhould have given
to him and his doctrine. Atterbury.
Eternal funfhine of the fpotlefs mind,
Each pray’r accepted, and each wifh refign’d. Pope.
Spo'tter. n.f :[lrom fpotd\ One that fpots; one that maculates.
Spo'tty. adj. [from Jpot.] Full of fpots; maculated.
The moon whofe orb
Through optick glafs the Tufcan artifl views
In Valombrofa to defery new lands,
Rivers or mountains on herJpotty globe. Milton.
Spou'sal. adj. [fromfpoufe.] Nuptial; matrimonial; conju¬
gal ; connubial; bridal.
There fhall we confummate ourfpoufalrites. Sbakefpeare.
Hope’s chafl kifs wrongs no more joy’s maidenhead.
Than fpoufal rites prejudice the marriage bed. Crajhaw.
This other in her prime of love,
Spoij'al embraces vitiated with gold. Milton.
Sleep'ft thou, carelefs of the nuptial day ?
Thy fpoufal ornament negledted lies;
Arife, prepare the bridal train, arife. Pope's Odyffty.
Spou'sal. n.f. [ efpoufailles^Yr.fponfalia^ Latin.J Marriage;
nuptials.
As man and wife, being two, are one in love.
So be there ’twixt your kingdoms fuch a fpoufal,
That never may ill office, or fell jealoufy
Thruft in between the padtion of thefe kingdoms.
To make divorce of their incorporate league. Sbakefpeare.
The amorous bird of night
Sung fpoufal, and bid hafte the ev’ning ftar.
On his hill top to light the bridal lamp. Milton.
The jpoufals of Hippolita the queen.
What tilts and tourneys at the feaft were feen. Dryden.
yEtherial mufick did her death prepare.
Like joyful founds of fpoufals in the air :
A radiant light did her crown’d temples gild. Dryden.
SPOUSE, n.f. \_fponfa^fponfus,\j‘ssX\,c\\ efpoufe, French.] One
joined in marriage; a hufband or wife.
She* is of good erteem;
Befide fo qualified as may befeem
The JpouJe of any noble gentleman. Sbakefpeare.
At once farewel, O faithful fpoufe ! they faid ;
At once th’encroaching rhinds their clofing iips invade. Dryd.
Spou'sed. adj. [from the noun.] Wedded; efpoufed ; joined
together as in matrimony.
They led the vine
To wed her elm; firefpous'd about him twins
Her marriageable arms. Milton.
Spou'seless. adj. [from Jpoufe.] Wanting a hufband or wife.
To tempt the fpoufelejs queen with am’rous wiles.
Refort the nobles from the neigh’bring ifies. Pope.
Spout, n.f. [fromfpuyt, Dutch.]
i. A pipe, or mouth of a pipe or veflel out of which any thing
. is poured.
She gafping to begin fome fpeech, her eyes
Became twofpouts. Sisakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
In whales that breathe, left the water fhould get unto the
lungs, an ejection thereof is contrived by a fiftula orfpout at
the head. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
If you chance it to lack.
Be it claret or lack.
I’ll make this fnout
T o deal it about,
Or this to run out,
As it were from afpout. Ben. Jobnfon,
As waters did in ftorms, now pitch runs out.
As lead, when a fir’d church becomes one fpout. Donne.
In Gaza they couch veflels of earth in their walls to gather
the wind from the top, and to pafs it down in fpouts into
rooms. Bacon.
Let the water be fed by fome higher than the pool, and de¬
livered into it by fair fpouts, and then difeharged by fome
equality of bores that it flay little. Bacon.
S P R
In this fingle cathedral the very fpouts are loaded with orna¬
ments. " Addifon on Italy.
From filverfpouts the grateful liquors glide,
And China’s earth receives the flunking tide. Pete.
2. Water falling in a body ; a cataradf, fuch as is feen in the
hot climates when clouds fometimes difeharge all their water
at once.
Not the dreadfulfpout,
Which fhipmen do the hurricano call,
Conftring’d in mafs by the almighty fun.
Shall dizzy with more clamour Neptune’s car
In his defeent, than fhall my prompted lword
Falling on Diomede. Sbakefpeare's 1roilus and Crefjida.
The force ofthefe motions preffing more in fome places than
in others, there would fall not fhowers, but great fpouts or
cafcades of water. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
To Spout, v. a. [from the noun.] To pour with violence,
or in a colledled body as from a fpout.
We will bear home that lufty blood again,
Which here we came to fpout againft your town. Shakefp.
I intend two fountains, the one that fprinkleth orfpoutttb
water, the other a fair receipt of water. Bacon.
She fwims in blood, and blood does/pouting throw
To heav’n, that heav’n mens cruelties might know. Waller.
Next on his belly floats the mighty whale;
He twifts his back, and rears his threatning tail :
He fpouts the tide. Creech.
To Spout, v. n. To iflue as from a fpout.
They laid them down hard by the murmuring mufick of
certain waters, which//>£wto/out of the fide of the hills. Sidney.
No hands cou’d force it thence, fo fixt it flood,
Till out it rufh’d, expell’d by ftreams of/pouting blood. Dryd.
Itfpouts up out of deep wells, and flies forth at the tops of
them, upon the face of the ground. Woodward.
All the glittering hill
Is bright with /pouting rills. Thomfon's Autumn.
To Sprain, v. a. [Corrupted homflrain.] To ftretch the li¬
gaments of a joint without diflocation of the bone.
Should the big laft extend thefhoe too wide.
The fudden turn may ftretch the fwelling vein.
Thy cracking joint unhinge, or ancle fprain. Gay.
Sprain, n.f. [from the verb.] Extenfion of ligaments with¬
out diflocation of the joint.
I was in pain, and thought it was with fome fprain at tennis.
Temple.
Spraints. n.f. The dung of an otter. Didl.
Sprang. The preterite ofJpring.
Mankind fprang from one common original; whence this
tradition would be univerfally diftufed. Tillotfon.
Sprat, n.f. [fprot, Dutch.] A fmall fea fifh.
So oft in feafts with coftly changes clad,
To crammed maws a fprat new ftomach brings. Sidney.
All-faints do lay for porke and fowfe.
For fprats and fpurlings for their houfe. Tuffer.
Of round fifh there are brit, fprat, barn, fmelts. Carew.
To Sprawl, v.n. [fpradle, Danifb; fpartehn, Dutch.]
1. To ftruggle as in the convulfions of death.
Hang the child, that he may lee itfprawl;
A fight to vex the father’s foul. Sbakefpeare.
Some liefprawling on the ground.
With many a gafh and bloody wound. Hudibrap.
2. To tumble with agitation and contortion of the limbs.
The birds were not fledged ; but uponfprawling and ftruggling to get clear of the flame, down they tumbled. L'EJlrange.
Telamon hap’d to meet
A rifing root that held his faften’d feet;
So down he fell, whomfprawling on the ground,
His brother from the wooden gyves unbound. Dryden.
Hence, long before the child can crawl,
He learns to kick, and wince, andfprawl. Prior.
Did the ftarsdo this feat once only, which gave beginning
to human race? who were there then in the world, to obferve the births of thofe firft men, and calculate their nativi¬
ties, as theyfprawled out of ditches ? Bentley.
He ran, he leapt into a flood.
Therefprawl’d a while, and fcarce got out,
All cover’d o’er with flime. Swfi.
Spray, n.f [Of the fame race withJprit and fproutl\
I. The extremity of a branch.
At fight whereof each bird that fits on fpray.
And every beaft that to his den was fled,
Come forth afrefh out of their late difmay, ^
And to the light lift up their drooping head. Hubbcrd s Tale.
Thus droops this lofty pine, and hangs hisfprays\
Thus Eleanor’s pride dies in her younger days Si akefpeare.
In hewing Rutland, when his leaves put lorth,
Clifford fet his murth’ring knife to the root,
From whence that tenderfpray did fweetly fpring. Shakefp.
The wind that whiftles through the fpray >,
Maintains the confort of the fong ;
And hidden birds with native lays.
The golden fleep prolong. Dryden.
2. The
S P R
2. The foam of the fea, commonly Written[pry.
Winds raife fome of the fait with the/pray. Ariuthnat
To SPREAD, v.a. frppeban, Saxon i fpreyden, Dutch.]
, To extend ; to expand ; to make to cover or lill a larger fpace
than before.
He bought a field where he had fpread his tent. Gen. xxxiii.
Rizpahspread fackloth for her upon the rock. 2 Sam. xxi.
Make the trees more tall, morefpread., and more hafty than
they ufe to be. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory.
Silver fpread into plates is brought from Tarfhifh. Jer. x,
2. To cover by extension.
Her cheeks their frefhnefs lofe and wonted grace.
And an unufual palenefsfpreads her face. Granville.
g. To cover over.
The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldfmith
fpreadetb it over with gold. IJa. xl. 19.
To ftretch ; to extend.
Spread o’er the filver waves thy golden hair. Shakefpeare.
He arofe' from’kneeling, vyith his handsJpread up to heaven,
and he blefl’ed the congregation. 1 Kings viii. 54*
The {lately trees faitJpread their branches. Milton.
Deep in a rich alcove the prince was laid,
Faft by his fide Pififtratus lay fpread,
In age his equal, on a fplendid bed; Pope,
5. To publifh ; to divulge ; to difleminate.
They, when departed, Jpread abroad his fame in all that
country. Matth. ix. 31.
6. To emit as effluvia or emanations; to diffufe.
Their courfe thro’ thickcft conftellations held.
They fpread their bane. Milton,
To Spread, v.n. To extend or expand itfelf.
Can any underftand the fpreadings of the clouds, or the
noife of his tabernacle ? fob xxxvi. 29.
The princes of Germany had but a dull fear of the greatnefs of Spain, upon a general apprehenfion only of theirJ'preading and ambitious defigns. Bacon.
Plants, if theyfpread much, are feldom tall. Bacon.
Great Pan, who wont to chafe the fair.
And lov’d the/preceding oak, was there. Addifon’s Cato.
The valley opened at the farther end fpreading forth into
1 an immenfe ocean. Addifon.
Spread, n.f. [from the verb.]
l. Extent; compafs.
I have got a fine fpread of improveable lands, and am al¬
ready ploughing up fome, fencing others. Addifon.
1. Expanfion of parts.
No -flower hath thatfpread of the woodbind. Bacon,
Sprea'der. n.f. [fromfpread.]
1. One that fpreads.
By conforming ourfelves we fhould be fpreaders of a worfe
infection than any we are likely to draw from Papifts by our
conformity with them in ceremonies. Hooker.
2. Publifher; divulger ; difTeminator.
If it be a mi(lake, I defire I may not be accufed for afpreader of falfe news. Swift.
Sprent. part, [from fprene, to fprinkle, yppenjan, yppenan,
Saxon ; Jprengen, Dutch.] Sprinkled. Obfolete.
O lips, that kifs’d that hand, with my tearsfprent, Sidney.
Sprig, n.f [yjbrig, Welfh, fo Davies: but it is probably
of the fame race with fpring.'] A fmall branch; a fpray.
The fubftance is true ivy, after it is taken down, the friends
ofthe family are defirous to have fomefprig to keep. Bacon.
Our chilling climate hardly bears
A fprig of bays in fifty years ;
While ev’ry fool his claim alledges,
As if it grew7 in common hedges. Swift.
Sprig Chr\Jtal. n.f.
In perpendicular, fifiures, chryftal is found in form of an
hexangular column, adhering at one end to the {tone, and
near the other leflcning gradually, till it terminates in a point:
this is called by lapidaries fprig or rock chryftal. Woodward.
Spri'cgy. adj. [from fprig'.] Full of fmall branches.
SPRIGHT. n.f. [Contraction offpirit,fpiritus, Latin: it was
anciently written fprete orfpryte-, and fpirit, as now written,
was long confidered in verfe as a monofyllable: this word
fhould therefore be fpelled fprite, and its derivatives fpritely,
fpriteful; but cuftom has determined otherwife.]
j. Spirit; {hade; foul; incorporeal agent.
She doth difplay
The gate with pearls and rubies richly dight.
Through which her words fo wife do make their way.
To bear the mefTage of herfpright, Spenfer.
Forth he called out of deep darknefs dread,
Legions offprights, the which like little flies,
Klutt’ring about his ever damned head.
Await whereto their fervice he applies. Fairy ffucen.
While with heav’nly charity fhe Tpoke,
A {{reaming blaze the filent Ihadows broke;
The birds obfeene to forefls wing’d their flight,
And gaping graves received the guilty fpright. Dryden.
Of thefe am I who thy protection claim,
A watchful fprite. Pope,
7
S P R
2. Walking fpirit; apparition. y
The ideas of goblins and fprights have no more to do wjtti
darknefs than light; yet let hut a foolifh maid inculcate thele
often on the mind of a child, poflibly he {hall never be able to
feparate them again. Locne,
3. Power which gives cheerfulnefs or courage.
O chaftity, the chief of heav’nly lights, .
Which mak’ft us moft immortal fhape to wear.
Hold thou my heart, eftablilh thou myfprights:
To only thee my conftant courfe I bear,
Till fpotlefs foul unto thy bofom fly,
Such life to lead, fuch death I vow to die. Sidney.
4. An arrow. „ , r . .
We had in ufe for fea fight fhort arrows called Jprights,
without any other heads fave wood fharpened; which were
difeharged out of mufkets, and would pierce through the fluty
of {hips where a bullet would not. Bacon s Natural Hijiory,
T o Spright. v. a. To haunt as a fpright. A ludicrous ufe.
I amfprighted with a fool. Shakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
Spri'ghtful. adj. [fpright and full.] Lively; brifk; gay;
vigorous.
The fpirit of the time {hall teach me fpeed.—
—Spoke like afprightful noble gentleman. Shakefpeare.
Happy my eyes when they behold thy face :
My heavy heart will leave its doleful beating,
At fight of thee, and bound with fprightfuljoys. Otway.
Spri'ghtfully. adv. [from fprightful.'] Brifkly; vigoroufly.
Norfolk, fprightfully and bold,
Stays but the fummons of the appellant’s trumpet. Shakefp.
Spri'ghtliness. n.f. [from fprightly.] Livelinefs; brlfknefs ;
vigour; gaiety ; vivacity.
The (oul is clogged when file a£ls in conjunction with a
companion fo heavy ; but in dreams, obferve with what a
fprightlinefs and alacrity does the exert herfelf. Addifon.
Spri'ghtly. adj. [fromfpright.'] Gay; briik; lively; vigo¬
rous; airy; vivacious.
Produce the wine that makes us bold,
And fprightly wit and love infpires. Dryden.
When now the fprightly trumpet, from afar,
Had giv’n the fignal of approaching war. Dryden.
Each morn they wak’d me with a fprightly lay :
Of opening heav’n they fung, and gladfome day. Prior.
Thefprightly Sylvia trips along the green;
She runs, but hopes fhe does not run unfeen. Pope.
To Spring, v.n. Preterite fprung or Jprangy anciently fprong.
[yppmgan, Sax. fpringtn, Dutch.]
j. To arife out of the ground and grow by vegetative power.
All bleft fecrets.
All you unpublifh’d virtues of the earth,
Spring with my tears; be aidant and remediate
In the good man’s diflrefs. Shakefpeare.
To his mufick, plants and flowers
Everfprung, as fun and fhowers
There had made a lafting fpring. Shakefpeare’s HcnryVllt.
To fatisfy the defolate ground, and caufe the bud of the
tender herb tofpring forth. Job xxxviii. 27.
Other fell on good ground, and did yield fruit that fprang
-up and encreafed. • Mark iv. 8.
Tell me, in what happy fields
The thiftlefprings, to which the lily yields ? Pope.
2. To begin to grow.
That the nipples fhould be made with fuch perforations as
to admit paflage to the milk, when drawn, otherwife to retain
it; and the teeth ofthe young not fprung, are effe&s of pro¬
vidence. Ray.
3. To proceed as from feed.
Ye Ihall eat this year fuch things as grow of themfelvcs;
and in the fecond year that whichfpringetb of the fame. 2 Kings.
Much more good of fin fhal! J'pring. Milton.
4. To come into exiftence ; to iflue forth.
Had’ft thou fway’d as kings fhould do,
Giving no ground unto the houfe of York,
They never then had fprung like fummer flies. Shakefpeare.
Ev’n thought meets thought, ere from the lips it part.
And each warm wilhfprings mutual from the heart. Pope.
5. To arife; to appear.
When the day began to fprings they let her go. Judges.
To them which fat in the region and {hadow of death, light
\sfprung up. Matth. iv. 16.
6. To iflue with effe£l or force.
Swift fly the years, and rife th’ expelled morn ;
OhJ'pring to light: aufpicious babe be born. Pope.
7. To proceed as from anceftors.
How youngly he began to ferve his country,
How long continued ; and what flock he Jprings of;
The noble houfe of Marcius. ShakeJpeares Coriolanus.
Our hox&fprang out ofJudea. ' Heb. vii. 14.
All thefe
Shall, like the brethren fprung of dragon’s teeth.
Ruin each other, and he fall amongft ’em. Ben. Jobnfon.
Heroes of old, by rapine, and by fpoil.
In fearch of fame did all the world embroil;
Thus
S P R
Thus to their gods, each then ally’d his name,
This[prang from Jove, and that from Titan came. Granv.
8. To proceed as from a ground, caufe, orreafon.
I hey found new hope to fpring
Out ot defpair. AJuton.
Some have been deceived into an opinion, that the inheri¬
tance of rule over men, and property in things, [prang from
the fame original, and were to defeend by the fame rules.
Locke.
Do not blaftmyfpringing hopes
Which thy kind hand has planted in my foul. Rowe.
9. To grow; to thrive.
What makes all this but Jupiter the king,
At whofe command we perifh and we fpring :
Then ’tis our beft, fince thus ordain’d to die,
To make a virtue of necefllty. Dryden’s Knight’s Tale.
10. To bound; to leap; to jump.
Some ftrange commotion
is in his brain ; he bites his lip, and ftarts;
Stops on a fudden, looks upon the ground,
Then lays his finger on his temple; ftrait
Springs out into faft gait, then lfops again. Shak. H. VIII.
1 [prang not more in joy at firft hearing he was a man child,
than now in firft feeing he had proved himfelf a man. Shake[.
Pie called for alight, and[prang in and fell before Paul. Adis.
When heav’n was nam’d, they loos’d their hold again;
Then[prung {he forth, they follow’d her amain. Dryden.
Afraid to fleep;
Her blood all fever’d, with a furious leap
She Jprung from bed. Dryden.
Nor lies fhe long ; but as her fates ordain.
Springs up to life, and freih to fecond pain.
Is fav’d to-day, to-morrow to be flain. Dryden.
See, aw’d by heaven, the blooming Hebrew flies
Her artful tongue, and more perfuafive eyes;
And Jpringing from her difappointed arms,
Prefers a dungeon to forbidden charms. Blachnore.
The mountain flag, that[prings
From height to height, and bounds along the plains.
Nor has a mafter to reftrain his courfe;
That mountain flag would Vanoe rather be.
Than be a Have. Philips’s Briton.
11. To fly with elaftick power.
A link of horfehair, that will eafily flip, fallen to the end of
the flick that[prings. Mortimer's Husbandry.
12. To rife from a covert.
My doors are hateful to my eyes,
Fill’d and damm’d up with gaping creditors,
Watchful as fowlers when their game will[pring. Otway.
A covey of partridges Jpringing in our front, put our in¬
fantry in diforder. Addifon.
13. To iilue from a fountain.
Ifrael’s fervants digged in the valley, and found a well of
Jpringing water. Gen. xxvi. 19.
Let the wide world his praifes fing.
Where Tagus and Euphratesfpring ;
And from the Danube’s frofty banks to thofe
Where from an unknown head great Nilus flows. Rofcomm.
14. To proceed as from a fource.
Fly, fly, prophane fogs ! far hence fly away.
Taint not the pure ftreams of the jpringing day
With your dull influence : ’tis for you
To fit and fcoule upon night’s heavy brow. Crajhaw.
j 5. To (hoot; to iffue with fpeed and violence.
Then fhook the facred fhrine, and fudden light
Sprung thro’ the vaulted roof, and made the temple bright:
The pow’r, behold ! the pow’r in glory fhone,
By her bent bow and her keen arrows known. Dryden.
'I he friendly gods aJpringing gale enlarg’d,
The fleet fwift tilting o’er the furges flew,
Till Grecian cliffs appeared. Pope.
To Spring, v a.
1. To ftart; to roufe game.
Thus I reclaim’d my buzzard love to fly
At what, and when, and how, and where I chofe:
Now negligent of fport I lie;
And now, as other fawkners ufe,
1 [pring a miftrefs, fwear, write, figh, and dye,
And the game kill’d, or loft, go talk or lie. Donne.
ThatJprung the game you were to fet.
Before you had time to draw the net. Hudibras.
A large cock-pheafant he[prung in one of the neighbouring
Woods. Addifon’s Spectator.
Here I ufe a great deal of diligence before I can [pring any
thing; whereas in town, whilft 1 am following one charader,
I am crofted by another, that they puzzle the chacc. Addifon.
Sec how the well-taught pointer leads the way 1
The feent grows warm; he flops, he[prings the prey. Gay.
2. To produce to light.
The nurfe, furpriz’d with fright,
Starts and leaves her bed, andjprings a light. Dryden.
S P R
Thus man by his own ftrength to heav’n would foar.
And would not be oblig’d to God for more:
Vain, wretched creature, how art thou miffed,
f o think thy wit thefe godlike notions bred !
Thefe truths are not the product of thy mind,
But dropt from heaven, and of a nobler kind:
Reveal’d religion firft inform’d thy fight.
And reafon faw not, ’til! faith [prung the light. Dryden.
He that has fuch a burning zeal, and [prings fuch mighty
difeoveries, muft needs be an admirable patriot. Loitier.
3. To make by ftarting a plank.
People difeharge themfelvesof burdenfome refledion*, as of
the cargo of a fhip that hasJprung a leak. L'Ejirange.
No more accufe thy pen ; but charge the crime
On native floth, and negligence of time:
Bewape the publick laughter of the town.
Thou[pringJl a leak already in thy crown. Dryden»
Whether fhe [prung a leak, I cannot find,
Or whether (lie was overfet with wind,
But down at once with all her crew (he went. Dryden.
4. To difeharge a mine.
Our miners difeovered feveral of the enemies mines, who
hwefprung divers others which did little execution. TatUr.
IJprung a mine, whereby the whole neft was overthrown.
Addijons Spectator.
5. To contrive as a fudden expedient; to offer unexpectedly.
The friends to the caufe Jprang a new projed, and it was
advertifed that the crifis could not appear ’till the ladies had
{hewn their zeal againft the pretender. Swift.
6. To produce haftily.
7. To pafs by leaping. A barbarous ufe.
Unbefeeming {kill
To[pring the fence, to rein the prancing fteed. Thomfn.
SPRING, n.f. [from the verb.]
j. The feafon in which plants fpring and vegetate; the vernal
feafon.
Orpheus with his lute made trees.
And the mountain-tops, that freeze.
Bow themfelves when he did fing :
To his muftek, plants and flowers
Ever fprung, as fun and Ihowers
There had made a lafting Spring. Shakefn. Hen. VIII.
The Spring vifiteth not thefe quarters fo timely as the
eaftern parts. Carew.
Come, gentle Spring, ethereal mildnefs come,
And from the bofom of yon dropping cloud
Upon our plains defeend. Thomfon’s Spring,
2. An elaftick body; a body which when diftorted has the power
of reftoring itfelf to its former ftate.
This may be better performed by the ftrength of forr.e fuch
[pring as is ufed in watches : thisJpring may be applied to one
wheel, which {hall give an equal motion to both the wings.
IVilkins’s Math. Magic.
Thefpring muft be made of good fteel, well tempered ; and
the wider the two ends of the[pring ftand afunder, the milder
it throws the chape of the vice open. Moxon’s Adech. Exer.
He that was {harp lighted enough to fee the configuration of
the minute particles of the [pring of a clock, a;»d upon what
peculiar impulfe its elaftick motion depends, would no doubt
difeover fomething very admirable. Locke.
3. Elaftick force.
Heav’ns, what a [pring was in his arm, to throw !
How high he held his fliield, and rofe at ev’ry blow ! Dryd.
Bodies which are abfolutely hard, or fo foft as to be void of
elafticity, will not rebound from one another : impenetrability
makes them only ftop. If two equal bodies meet diredly
in vacuoy they will by the laws of motion ftop where they
meet, lofe their motion, and remain in reft, unlefs they be
elaftick, and receive new motion from their fpring. Newton.
The foul is gathered within herfelf, and recovers that[pring
which is weakened, when {he operates more in concert with
the body. Addifon.
In adult perfons, when the fibres cannot any more yield,
they muft break, or lofe theirJpring. " Arbuthnot.
4. Any adive power; any caufe by which motion is produced or
propagated.
My heart finks in me while I hear him fpeak,
And every flacken’d fibre drops its hold,
Like nature letting down the [prings of life;
So much the name of father awes me ftill. Dryden.
Nature is the fame, and man is the fame; has the fame
affedions and paftions, and the fame [prings that give them
motion. Rymer.
Our author fhuns by vulgar[prings to move
The hero’s glory, or the virgin’s love. Pope’s Prol. to Cato.
5. A leap; a bound ; a jump ; a violent effort; a fudden ftruggle.
The pris’ner with a fpring from prifon broke:
Then ftretch’d his feather’d fans with all his might.
And to the neighb’ring maple wing’d his flight. Dryden.
With what aJpring his furious foul broke loofe.
And left the limbs ftill quivering on the ground! Add. Cats.
6. A
3
S P R
6. A leak; a ftart of plank.
Each petty hand
Can fleer a fhip becalm’d ; but he that will
Govern, and carry her to her ends, muftknow
His tides, his currents; how to (hift his fails,
Where her/firings are, her leaks, and how to flop cm.
Ben. Jobnfon's Catiline.
7 A fountain ; an iflue of water from the earth.
Now Hop thyfirings ; my fea (hall fuck them dry,
And fwell fo much the higher by their ebb. Shakefi. H. VL
Strings on the tops of hills pafs through a great deal of pure
earth with lefs mixture of other waters. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
When in th’ effeCls (he doth the caufes know,
And feeing the ftream, thinks where the firing doth rife;
And feeing the branch, conceives the root below:
Thefethings {he views without the body’s eyes. Davies.
He adds the running_^»n'«^r and {landing lakes,
And bounding banks for winding rivers makes. Dryden,
Nile hears him knocking at his fevenfold gates,
And feeks his hidden /pring, and fears his nephews fates. Dry.
He bathed himfelf in cold firing water in the midft of
Winter. Locke.
The water that falls down from the clouds, finking into
beds of rock or clay, breaks out in firings, commonly at the
bottom of hilly ground. Locke.
8. A fource ; that by which any thing is fupplied.
To that great fpring, which doth great kingdoms move.
The hcxe&firing, whence right and honour ftreams ;
Diftilling virtue, {hedding peace and love
In every place, as Cynthia {heds her beams. Davies.
I move, I fee, I {peak, difeourfe, and know.
Though now I am, I was not always fo :
Then that from which I was, mull be before,
Whom, as myfiring of being, I adore. Dryden.
Rolling down through fo many barbarous ages, from the
firing of Virgil, it bears along with it the filth of the Goths
and Vandals. Dryden.
He has a fecretfiring of fpiritual joy, and the continual
feall of a good confcience within, that forbids him to be mi-
• ferable. Bentley.
9. Rife; beginning.
About thefiring of the day Samuel called Saul to the top of
the houfe. 1 Sa. ix. 26.
10. Courfe; original.
The firftfirings of great events, like thofe of great rivers,
are often mean and little, Sivift.
Spring, adv. [from the noun.] With elaflick vigour.
Before the bull (he pi&ur’d winged love.
With his young brother (port, light fluttering
Upon the waves, as each had been a dove j
The one his bow and {hafts, the otherfiring
A burning tead about his head d;d move.
As in their fire’s new love both triumphing. Spenfer.
SpriTgal. n.f. A youth. Spenfer,
Springe, n.f. [fromfiring.] A gin; a noofe which fattened
to any elaftick body catches by a fpring or jerk.
As a woodcock to my own fprmge, Ofrick,
I’m juftly kill’d with mine own treachery.
Shakefieare s Hamlet.
Let goats for food their loaded udders lend ;
But neitherfiringes, nets, nor fnares employ. Dryden.
With hairy fpringes we the birds betray,
Slight lines of hair furprize the finny prey. Pope.
Spri'nger. n.f. [fromfiring.] One who roufes game.
Spri'ngine3S. n.f. [from firingy.] Elafticity; power of reftoring itfelf.
Where there is a continued endeavour of the parts of a
> body to put themfelves into another ftate, the progrefs maybe
N much more flow, fince it was a great while before the texture
of the corpufcles of the fteel were fo altered as to make them
lofe their formerfiringinefs. Boyle.
The air is a thin fluid body, endowed with elafticity and
firinginefs, capable of condenfation and rarefaction. Bentley.
Springhalt, n.f [firing and halt.] A lamenefs by which
the horfe twiches up his legs.
They’ve all new legs, and lame ones; one would take it.
That never faw them pace before, the fpavin
And firinghalt reign’d among them. Shakefi. Henry VIII.
Spri'ngtide. n.f. [firing and tide.] Tide at the new moon;
high tide.
Love, like fpringtides, full and high,
Swells in every youthful vein;
But each tide does lefs fupply,
’Till they quite fhrink in again:
?f a flow in age appear,
’Tis but rain, and runs not clear. Dryd. Tyrannick Love.
Mott people die when the moon chiefly reigns; that is, in
the night, or upon or near a firingtide. Grew's Cofmol,
S'piu'n gle. n.f. [fromfiring.] A fpringe; an elaftick noofe.
Woodcocks arrive firft on the north coaft, where every
plafli-fhoot ferveth for fpringles to take them. Ceirewc
To SprPngle. v. n. Mifprinted, I fuppofe, {ox firinkle.
S P R
* « 4 .
This is Timon’s laft,
Who, fluck and fpangled with your flatteries,
Wafties it off, and fpringles in your faces
Your reeking villany. Shakefi. Timcn of Athens.
Spri'ngy. adj. [fromfpringe.]
1. Elaftick; having the power of reftoring itfelf.
Had not the Maker wrought the firingy frame.
Such as it is to fan the vital flame,
The blood, defrauded of its nitrous food,
Had cool’d and languifh’d in th’ arterial road ;
While the tir’d heart had ftrove, with fruitlefs pain.
To pufh the lazy tide along the vein. Blackm. Creation.
This vaft contraction and expanfton feems unintelligible,
by feigning the particles of air to be firingy and ramous, or
rolled up like hoops, or by any other means than a repulfive
power. Newton.
Though the bundle of fibres which conftitute the mufcles
may be final], the fibres may be ftrong andfiringy. Arbuthnot.
If our air had not been a firingy body, no animal could
have exercifed the very function of refpiration; and yet the
ends of refpiration are not ferved by that fpringinefs, but by
fome other unknown quality. Bentley's Sermons.
2. [Fromfiring.] Full of fprings or fountains. Not ufed.
Where the Tandy or gravelly lands arefiring)' or wet, rather
marl them for grafs than corn. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
To Spri'nklE. v. a. [fprinkelen, Dutch.]
1. To fcatter ; to difperfe in fmall mattes.
Take handfuls of allies of the furnace, and let Mofesfirinkle
it towards the heaven. Ex. ix. 8.
2. To fcatter in drops.
Sprinkle water of purifying upon them. Num. viii. 7.
3. To befprinkle; to walh, wet, or duft by fprinkling.
Let us draw near with a true heart, in full aflurance of
faith, having our heartsfirinkled from an evil confcience. Heb.
Wings he wore
Of many a colour’d plume firinkled with gold. Milton.
The prince, with living water firinkl'd o’er
His limbs and body; then approach’d the door,
Poffefs’d the porch. Dryden's Mn.
To Spri'nkle. v. n. To perform the a£l of fcattering in
fmall drops.
The prieft {hallfirinkle of the oil with his finger. Lev. xiv.
Baptifm may well enough be performed byfprinkling, or efi*
fufion of water. Ayliffe's Parergon.
When dext’rous damfels twirl the firinkling mop,
And cleanfe the fpatter’d falh, and ferub the ftairs,
Know Saturday appears. Gay’s Trivia•
To Sprit, v. a. [yppyrean, Saxon; fpruyten, Dutch ] To
throw out; to eje£t with force. Commonly fpirt.
Toads fometimes exclude or fprit out a dark and liquid
matter behind, and a venomous condition there may be per¬
haps therein ; but it cannot be called their urine. Brown.
To Sprit, v.n. [yppyrean, Saxon-, fpruyten, Dutch.] To
{hoot; to germinate; to fprout.
Sprit, n.f [from the verb.] Shoot; fprout.
The barley, after it has been couched four days, wfill fweat
a little, and {hew the chit or fprit at the root-end of the
corn. Mortimer's Hufoandry.
Spri'tsail. n.f [firit and fail.] The fail which belongs to
the boltfprit-maft. Didi.
Our men quitted themfelves of the firefhip, by cutting the
firitfail tackle off with their fhort hatchets. JVifeman.
Sprite, n.f. [Contracted from fiirit.] A fpirit; an incorpo¬
real agent.
Thefprites of fiery termagants in flame
Mount up, and take a falamander’s name. Pope.
SprFtefully. adv. [ See Sprightfully.] Vigoroufly;
with life and ardour.
The Greciansfiritefully drew from the darts the corfe.
And hearft it, bearing it to fleet. Chapman's Iliads.
Sprong. The preterite of fpring. Obfolete.
Not miftrufting, ’till thefe new curiofities firong up, that
ever any man would think our labour herein mifpent, or the
time waftefully confirmed. Hooker.
To Sprout, v. n. [yppyrean, Saxon; fpruyten, Dutch.]
I. To {hoot by vegetation; to germinate.
Try whether thefe things in the firouting do increafe
weight, by weighing them before they are hanged up; and
afterwards again, when they are firouted. Bacon.
Thatleaf faded, but the young budsfirouted on, which after¬
wards opened into fair leaves. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
We find no fecurity to prevent germination, having made
trial of grains, whofe ends, cut off, have notwithftanding
firouted. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Old Baucis is by old Philemon feen
Sprouting with fudden leaves of fprightly green. Dryden.
Hence [prouting plants enrich the plain and wood:
For phyfick fome, and fome defign’d for food. Bladmore.
Envy’d Britannia, fturdy as the oak
Which on her mountain top {he proudly bears,
Eludes the ax, and firouts againft the ftroke,
Strong from her wounds, and greater by her wars. Prior.
24 Y * Rub
S P u S P u
Rub malt between your hands to get the come orfprouting
clean away. Alai tune's Husbandry.
To (hoot into ramifications.
Vitriol is apt tofprout with moifture. Bacon.
3.To grow.
I h’ enliv’ning duff its head begins to rear,
And on the alliesfprouting plumes appear. Tideil.
Sprout, n.f [from the verb.] A fhoot ol a vegetable.
Stumps of trees, lying out of the ground, will put forth
fprouts for a time. Bacon.
Early ere the odorous breath of morn
Awakes the {lumbering leaves, or taflel’d horn
Shakes the high thicket, hafte I all about.
Number my ranks, and vift everyJprout. Milton.
To this kid, taken out of the womb, were brought in the
tender fprouts of ftirubs; and, after it had tailed, began to eat
of fuch as are the ufual food of goats. Ray on the Creation.
SPRUCE, adj. [Skinner derives this word from preux, French ;
but he propofes it with hefitation : "Junius thinks it comes from
fprout; Cajaubon trifles yet more contemptibly. I know not
whence to deduce it, except from pruce. In ancient books
we find furniture of pruce a thing collly and elegant, and
thence probably came fpruce.] Nice; trim; neat without
elegance.
The tree
That wraps that cryllal in a wooden tomb,
Shall be took up fpruce, fill’d with diamond. Donne.
Thou wilt not leave me in the middle llreet,
Tho’ fome morefpruce companion thou do’ll meet. Donne.
Along the crifped lhades and bov/rs
Revels thefpruce and jocund Spring ;
The graces, and the rofy-bofom’d hours.
Thither all their bounties bring. Milton.
I mull not flip into toofpruce a llyle for ferious matters ; and
yet I approve not that dull infipid way of writing pradtifed by
many chymifts. Boyle.
He put his band and beard in order.
The fprucer to aecoll and board her. Hudibras.
He is fofpruce, that he can never be genteel. Tatler.
This Tim makes a ftrange figure with that ragged coat un¬
der his livery : can’t he go jpruce and clean ? Arbutbnot.
To Spruce, v. n. [from the noun.] To drefs with affedted
neatnefs.
SrRu'cEEEER. n.f}. [from fpruce, a kind of fir.] Beer tinc¬
tured with branches of fir.
In ulcers of the kidneysfprucebccr is a good balfamick. Arb.
SrRu'CELE ather. n.f. [Corrupted for Pruffian leather.] Ainf.
The leather was of Pruce. Dryden s Fables.
Stru'ceness. n.f. [from fpruce.] Neatnefs without elegance.
Sprung. The preterite and participle paffive offpring.
Tall Norway fir, their malls in battle fpent,
And Englilb oaks, fprung leaks, and planks, rellore. Dryd.
Now from beneath Maleas’ airy height,
Aloft fhefprung, and fleer’d to Thebes her flight. Pope.
WhoJprung from kings (hall know lefs joy than I. Pope.
Sprunt. n.f. Any thing that is Ihort and will not eafily bend.
Spud. n.f. A Ihort knife.
My love to Sheelah is more firmly fixt,
Than ftrongeft weeds that grow thefe Hones betwixt:
My fpud thefe nettles from the Hones can part,
No knife fo keen to weed thee from my heart. Swift.
Spu'llers of Tarn, n.f Are fuch as are employed to fee that
it be well fpun, and fit for the loom. Did.
SPUME, n.f. [fpurna, Latin.] Foam; froth.
Materials dark and crude,
Of fpirituous and fieryfpume, ’till touch’d
With heaven’s ray, and temper’d, they Ihoot forth
So beauteous, op’ning to the ambient light. Milton.
Waters frozen in pans, after their diflolution, leave a froth
andfpume upon them, which are caufed by the airy parts diffufed by the congealable mixture. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To Spume, v. n. [ fpumo, Latin.] To foam ; to froth.
Spumous, i adj. [fpumeus, Latin; from the noun.] Frothy;
Spu'my. 5 foamy.
The caufe is the putrefaction of the body by unnatural heat:
the putrifying parts fufter a turgefcence, and becoming airy
and Jpumsus, afeend into the furface of the water. Brown.
Not with more madnefs, rolling from afar.
Thefpumy waves proclaim the wat’ry war;
And mounting upwards with a mighty roar,
March onwards, and infult the rocky Ihore. Drydcn.
Thefpumous and florid Hate of the blood, in palling through
the lungs, arifes from its own elaflicity, and its violent motion,
the aerial particles expanding thendelves., Arbutbnot.
Spun. I he preterite and part. pail, of fpin.
I he nymph r.orJpun, nor drefs’d with artful pride;
Her veil was gather’d up, her hair was ty’d. Addifon.
Spunge. n.J. [jpongia, Latin.] A fponge. See Sponge.
When lie needs what you have glean’d, it is but fqueezing
you, and,Jpunge, you {hall be dry again. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Confidei ing the motion that was imprefied by the painter’s
hand upon theJpungry compounded with the fpecifick gravity
of thefpunge and the refinance of the air,- the fpunge did me¬
chanically and unavoidably move in that particular line of
motion. Bentley s Sermons.
To Spunge. u. n, [Rather Tofponge.] To hang on others for
maintenance.
This will maintain you, with the perquifite of fpunging
while you are young. Swift to Gay.
Spu'nginghouse. n.f. [ fpunge and houfef A houfe to which
debtors are taken before commitment to prifon, where the
bailiffs fponge upon them, or riot at their cofl.
A bailiff kept you the whole evening in afpunginghoufe. Svu.
Spu'ngy. adj. [fromfpunge.]
1. Full of finall holes, and foft like a fpunge.
Some Englifh wool, vex’d in a Belgian loom.
And into cloth ofJpungy foftnef. made,
Did into France or colder Denmark roam.
To ruin with worfe air our ftaple trade. Drydeni
2. Wet; moil!; watery.
There is no lady of more fofter bowels.
More fpungy to fuck in the fenfe of fear. Shakefpeare.
I faw Jove’s bird, the Roman eagle, wing’d
From the fpungy South to this part of the Weft,
There vauilh’d in the fun-beams. Shakef Cymbeline.
3. Drunken; wet with liquor.
What cannot we put upon
Hisfpungy officers ? Shakefpeare.
Spunk, n.f. Rotten wood; touchwood. See Sponk.
To make white powder, the beft way is by the powder of
rotten willows: J'punk, or touchwood prepared, might perhaps
make it ruffet. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
SPUR. n.J. [ypupa, Sax. fpore, Danifib, Iflandick, and Dutch;
efperon, French.]
1. A fharp point fixed in the rider’s heel, with which he pricks
his horfe to drive him forward.
He borrowing that homely armour for want of a better,
had come upon thefpur to redeem Philoclea’s pidlure. Sidney.
Whether the body politick be
A horfe whereon the governour doth ride.
Who, newly in the feat, that it may know
He can command it, lets it ftraight feel the fpur. Sbakefp.
He prefentiy fetfpurs to his horfe, and departed with the
reft of the company. Knolles's Hijlory of the Turks.
Was I for this entitled, fir,
And girt with rullv fword and fpur.
For fame and honour to wage battle ? Hudibras.
2. Incitement; inftigation.
Seeing then that nothing can move, unlefs there be fomeend, the defire whereof provoketh unto motion, how fhould
that divine power of the foul, that fpirit of our mind, ever ftir
itfelf into adlion, unlefs it have alfo the likefpur ? Hooker.
What need we anyfpur, but our own caufe.
To prick us to red refs ? Shakef. Julius Cafar:
His laws are deep, and not vulgar ; not made upon thefpur
of a particular occafion, but out of providence of the future,
to make his people more and more happy. Bacon.
Reward is thefpur of virtue in all good arts, all laudable
attempts; and emulation, which is the otherfpur^ will never
be wanting, when particular rewards are propofed. Dryden.
The chief, if not only, fpur to human induftry and adlion,
is uneafinefs. Locke.
The former may be a fpur to the latter, ’till age makes him
in love with the ftudy, without anychildifh bait. Cbeyne.
3. A ftimulus; a prick ; any thing that galls and teazes.
Grief and patience, rooted in him both,
Mingle theirfpurs together. Shakef. Cymbeline:
4. The {harp points.on the legs of a cock with which he fights.
Of birds the bill is of like matter with the teeth : as for
their fpur, it is but a nail. Bacon.
Animals have natural weapons to defend and offend ; fpiw
talons, fome claws, fome fpurs and beaks. Ray.
5. Any thing {landing out; a fnag.
The ftrong bas’d promontory
Have I made fhakc, and pluckt up by thefpurs
The pine and cedar. Shakefpeare.
To Spur. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To prick with the fpur ; to drive with the fpur.
My friend, who always takes care to cure his horfe of ftarting fits, fpurred him up to the very fide of the coach. Addifon.
Your father, when he mounted.
Rein’d ’em in llrongly, and he fpurrd them hard. Dryden.
Who would be at the trouble ot learning, when he finds his
ignorance is carefled r But when you brow-beat and maul
them, you make them men; for though they have no natural
mettle, yet, if they are fpurred and kicked, they will mend
their pace. Collier tn Pride.
2. To inftigate; to incite; to urge forward.
Lovers break not hours,
Unlefs it be to come before their time:
So much theyfpur their expedition. Shakefpeare..
Let the awe he has got upon their minds be fo tempered with
the marks of good-will, that affection may fpur them to their
duty. Loike.
8 3. To
V
S P V S P
i.To drive by force.
Love will not be/purr'd to what it loaths. Shdke/peafe.
To Spur. v. n.
I.To travel with great expedition.
With backward bows the Parthians (hall be there,
And, (purring from the fight, confefs their fear:
A double wreath fhall crown our Caefar’s brows. Drydji.
i. To prefs forward.
Afcanius took th’ alarm, while yet he led,
And /purring on, his equals foon o’erpafs’d. Dryd. Ain'.
Some bold men, though they begin with infinite ignorance
and errour, vet, by /purring on, refine themfelves. Grew.
Spu'rgalled. adj. [Jpur and gall.} Hurt with the fpur.
I was not made a horfe.
And yet I bear a burthen like an afs,
Spurgail'd and tir’d, by jaunting Bolingbroke. Shakefpedre.
What! fhall each j'purgali'd hackney of the day,
Or each new penfion’d fycophant, pretend
To break my windows, if I treat a friend. Pope.
Spurge, v./ [e/purge, French; fpurgic, Dutch, from purgo,
Latin.] A plant violently purgative. Spurge is a general
name in Englifh for all milky purgative plants. Skinner.
The flower confifts of one leaf, of the globous bell fhape,•
cut into feveral moon-fhaped fegments, and encompafied by
two little leaves, which feem to perform the office of a flowercup : the pointal is for the moft part triangular, which rifes
from the bottom of the flower, and becomes a fruit of the
fame fhape, divided into three ceils, each containing an oblong
feed. Every part of the plant abounds with a milky juice.
There are feventy-one fpecies of this plant, of which wartwort is one. The firft fort, called broad-leaved fpurge, is a
biennial plant, and ufed in medicine under the name of cataputia minor. The milky juice in thefe plants is ufed by fome
to deftroy warts; but particular care fhould be taken in the
application, becaufe it is a ffrong cauftick. Miller.
The leaves of cataputia, orJpurge, being plucked upwards
or downwards, perforin their operations by purge or vomit,
, is a ftrange conceit, aferibing unto plants pofltional opera¬
tions. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Spurge Laurel, or Mezercon. n.f. [thyme’aa, Latin.] A plant.
The characters are,: the flower confifts of one leaf; is, for
the moft part, funnel-fhaped, and cut into four fegments ;
from whole centre rifes the pointal, which afterward becomes
an oval fruit, which is in fome full of juice, but in others is
dry. In each is contained one oblong feed. It is a rou_h
purge-. Miller.
SPU'RIOUS. adj. [Jpuriits, Latin ]
1. Not genuine; counterfeit; adulterine.
The coin that (hows the flrfl: is generally rejected as fpurious, nor is the other efleemed more authentick by the prefent
Roman medalills. Addijcn on Italy.
If any thing elfe has been printed, in which we really had
any hand, it is loaded withfpurious additions. Sivi/t.
2. Not legitimate ; baflard.
Your Scipio’s, Caefar’s, Pompey’s, and your Cato’s,
Thefe gods on earth, are all thefpurious brood
Of violated maids. Addi/on's Cato.
SpiFrling. n./. [e/perlan, French.] A fmali fea-flih.
All-faints, do lay for porke and fowfe,
For fprats and fpurlings for your houfe. Puffer.
To Spurn, v. a. [ppojman, Saxon.]
j. To kick ; to ftrike or drive with the foot.
They fuppos'd I could rend bars of Heel,
And /purn in pieces ports of adamant. Shake/ Henry VI.
Say my requefi's unjuft,
And/purn me back; but if it be not fo,
Thou art not honeft. Sbakc/peare's Ccriolanus,
You that did void your rheum upon my beard,
And foot me as you jpurn a ftranger cur
Over your threftiold. , Shak. Merchant 0/Venice,
He in the furging fmoke
Uplifted /purn'd the ground; Milton.
So was I forc’d
To do a fovercign juftice to myfelf,
And/purn thee from my prefence. Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
Then will I draw up my legs, and/purn her from me with
my foot. Addi/on's Spectator.
A milk-white bull fhall at your altars ftand,
That threats a fight, and /purns the rifling land. Pope.
When Athens links by fates unjuft,
When wild barbariansJpurn her duft. Pope.
Now they, who reach Parnaflus’ lofty crown.
Employ their pains to /purn fome others down. Pope.
2. Torejcbf; tofeorn; to put away with contempt; to difdain.
In wifdom i fhould afk your name ;
But fince thy outfide looks fo fair and warlike,
What fafe and nicely I might well delay.
By rule of knighthood, 1 difdain and Jpurn. Shakc/pcare.
3. To treat wi:h contempt.
Domcfticks will pay a more chearful forvice, when they find
themfelves not Jpurncd, bccaufe fortune has laid them at their
mafters feet. Locke.
To Spurn, v. n.
1 I'd make contemptuous oppofition; to make infolerlt re¬
finance.
A fort to blunt the fword
That guards the peace and fafety of your perfon;
Nay more, to jpurn at your moft royal image. Shake/p.
I, Pandulph, do religioufly demand
Why thou againft the church; our holy mother,
So wilfully do’ft/purn ? Shake/p. King John.
Inftrudt me why
Vanoc fhould /purn againft our rule, and ftir
The tributary provinces to wrar. Philips's Briton„
2; To tofs up the heels; tb kick or ftruggle.
The drunken chairman in the kennelfpurw.
The glaftes fhatters, and his charge o’ertutns. Gtfy.
Spurn, n.f. [from the verb.] Kick; infolent and contemp¬
tuous treatment.
The infolence of office, and the/purns
That patient merit of th’unworthy takes. Shake/p. Hamlet.
Spu'rney. n.J. A plant.
Spu'rrer. n./. [from/pur.] One who ufes fpurs.
Spu'rrier. n:/ [fromJpur.] One who makes fpUrs.
Spu'rry. n. /. [ Jperguta, Latin.] A plant.
Sparry feed is flown in the low countries in Summer, the ftrft
time in May, that it may flower in June and July; and in
Auguft the feed is ripe. Mortimer's Husbandry'.
To Spurt, v.n. [See To Spirt.] To fly out with a quick
ftream.
If from a pun&ure of a lancet, the manner of the/parting
out of the blood will fhew it. IVi/enian s Surgery'.
Spu'rway. n.J. [/pur and way.] A horfeway ; a bridle-road;
diftimSt from a road for carriages.
Sputa'tjon. n. f. [Jputum, Latin.] The aeft of fpitting.
A moift confumption receives its nomenclature from a moift
fputation, or expectoration: a dry one is known by its dry
cough. Harvey on Confumptions.
To SPUTTER. v. n. [jlute, Latin.]
1. To emit moifture in fmali flying drops.
If a manly drop or two fall down.
It fealds along my cheeks, like the green wood,
That,Jpiltt'ring in the flame, works outward into tears. Dry.
2. To fly out in fmali particles with fome noife.
I he nightly virgin, while her wheel fhe plies.
Forefees the ltorms impending in the fkies.
When fparkling lamps theirJpUtt'ringUght advance,
And in the fockets oily bubbles dance. Drydsn.
3. To fpeak haftily and obfcurely, as with the mouth full; to
throw out the fpittle by haftylpeech.
A pinking owl fat/puttering at the fun, and afked him what
he meant to ftand flaring her in the eyes. L'E/range.
They could neither of them fpeak their rage; and fo fell
a /puttering at one another, like two roafting apples. Congreve*
Though heJputter through a feffiOn,
It never makes the leaft impreffion;
Whste’er he fpeaks for madnefs goes. Swi/t.
To Spu'tter. v. a. To throw out with noife and hefttation.
Thou do’ft with lies the throne invade,
Cbtending heav’n for whate’er ills befall;
And/putt'ring under fpecious names thy gall. Dryden.
In the midft of cardies, and without the leaft pretended In¬
citement, tojputter out the bafeft accufations! Swift.
Spu'tterer. n./. [from/putter.] One that fputters.
SPY. n.f. [ y/pio, Welfh ; e/pion, French ; Jpis, Dutch; /pecula¬
tor^ Latin. It is obferved by a German, thatfpy has been in
all ages a word by which the eye, or office of the eye, has been
exprefled : thus the Arima/pians of old, fabled to have but one
eye, were fo called from ari, which, among the nations of
Caucajus, ftill fignifies one, and j'pi, which has been received
from the old Aliatick languages for an eye, fight, or one that
'fees.'] One fent to watch the condmft or motions of others;
one fent to gain intelligence in an enemy’s camp or country.
* We’ll hear poor rogues
Talk of court news, and we’ll talk with them too,
And take upon’s the myflery of things,
As if we were God’s/pies. ^ SJxike/p. King Lear.
Spies of the Volfclans
Held me in chace, that I was forc’d to wheel
Three or four miles about. Shakcjpeare's Coriolanuii
Every corner was poflefied by diligent /pies upon their
mafter and miftrefs.' Clarendon.
I come nofpy.
With purpofe to explore, or todifturb,
The fecrets of your realm. Milton's Paradife Lcjl.
Such command we had, J
To fee that none thence iflu’d forth a fpy,
Or enemy, while God was in his work/ Miltcx.
Nothing lies hid from radiant eyes;
All theyfubdue become their/pies:
Secrets, as chofen jewels, are
Prerented to oblige the fair. Waller.
O’er
s CLU s qu
O’er my men I’ll fet my carefulfpiest
To watch rebellion in their very eyes. Dryden.
Thefe wretchedJpies of wit muft then confefs,
They take more pains to pleafe themfelves the lefs. Dryden.
Thofe who attend on their ftate, are fo many fpies placed
upon them by the publick to obferve them nearly. Atterbury.
To Spy. v.a. [SeeSpy. n.f]
1. To difeover by the eye at a diftance, or in a ftate of conceal¬
ment; to efpy.
Light hath no tongue, but is all eye;
If it could fpeak as well asfpy,
This were the worft that it could fay.
That being well I fain would ftay. Donne.
As tigerfpyd two gentle fawns. Milton.
A countryman J'pied a fnake under a hedge, half frozen to
death. L'Eftrange.
My brother Guyomar, methinks, I fpy:
Hafte in his fteps, and wonder in his eye. ; Dryden.
One in reading fkip’d over all fentences where he fpyd a
note of admiration. Swift.
2. To diicover by clofe examination.
Let a lawyer tell he hasfpyd fome defeat in an entail, how
folicitous are they to repair that errour. Decay ofPiety.
3. Tofearchor difeover by artifice.
Mofes fent to fpy out Jaazer, and took the villages. Numb.
To Spy. v. n. To fearch narrowly.
It is my nature’s plague
Tofpy into abufe; and oft my jealoufy
Shapes faults that are not. Sbakefpeare's Othello.
Spy'boat. n.f. [fpy and boat.'] A boat fent out for intelli¬
gence.
Giving the colour of the fea to theirfpybeats to keep them
from being difeovered, came from the Veneti. Arbuthnot.
SQUAB, adj. [I know not whence derived.]
1. Unfeathered; newly hatched.
Why muft old pidgeons, and they ftale, be dreft,
When there’s fo manyfquab ones in the neft. King.
2. Fat; thick and ftout; awkwardly bulky.
The nappy ale goes round,
Nor th0 fquab daughter nor the wife were nice.
Each health the youths began, Sim pledg’d it twice. Bcttert.
Squab, n.f. A kind of fofa or couch ; a fluffed cufhion.
On her large fquab you find her fpread.
Like a fat corpfe upon a bed. Swift.
Squab, adv. With a heavy fudden fall ; plump and flat. A low
word.
The eagle took the tortoife up into the air, and dropt him
down, fquab, upon a rock, that dallied him to pieces. VEjlr.
Squa'bpie. n.f. [fquab, and pie.] A pie made of many ingre¬
dients.
Cornwalfquabpie, and Devon whitepot brings.
And Leifter beans and bacon, food of kings. King.
To Squab, v. n. To fall down plump or flat; to fquelfh or
fqualh.
Squa'bbish. adj. [fromfquab.] Thick; heavy; flelhy.
Diet renders them of a fquabbijb or lardy habit of body.
Harvey.
To SQUA'BBLE. v. n. [kiabla, Swedifli.j To quarrel; to de¬
bate peevilhly; to wrangle; to fight.. A low word.
Drunk? and fpeak parrot ? and fquabble? fwagger? oh,
thou invincible fpirit of wine! Shakefpeai e s Othello.
I thought it not improper in afquabbling and contentious
age, to detect the vanity of confiding ignorance. Glanville.
Ifthere muft be difputes, is notfquabbling lefs inconvenient
than murder ? Collier on Duelling.
The fenfe of thefe propofitions is very plain, though logi¬
cians mightfquabble a whole day, whether they fhould rank
them under negative or affirmative. Watts's Logick.
Squa'bble. n.f. [from the verb.] A low brawl; a petty quarrel.
In popular fa&ions, pragmatick fools commonly begin the
fquabble, and crafty knaves reap the benefit. L'Eftrange.
A man whofe perfonal courage is fufpedffed, is not to drive
fquadrons before him; but may be allowed the merit of fome
fquabble, or throwing a bottle at his neighbour’s head. Arbuth.
Squabbler, n.f. [frontfquabble.] A quarrelfome fellow ; a
brawler.
SQUA'DDRON. n.f. [efcadron, Ft.fquadrone, Italian, from
quadratus, Latin.]
1. A body of men drawn up fquare.
Thofe half rounding guards
Juft met, and clofing flood mfquadnnjoin’d. Milton.
2. A part of an army; a troop.
Nothing the Moors were more afraid of, than in a fet battle
to fight with fquadrons coming orderly on. Knolles.
T hen beauteous Atys, with lulus bred.
Of equal age, the fecond Jquadron led. Dryden.
3* Part of a fleet, a certain number of fhips.
Rome could not maintain its dominion over fo many pro¬
vinces, without fquadrons ready equipt. Arbuthnot.
Squadroned, adj. [fromfquadron.] Formed into fquadrons.
They gladly thither hafte; and by a choir
Offquadron'd angels hear his carol lung. Milt. Par. Loft,
Squa'lid. adj. [fqualidus, Latin.] Foul; nafty; fildiy.
A doleful cafe defires a doleful fong,
Without vain art or curious compliments.
And jquaildfortune into bafenefs flowing.
Doth fcorn the pride of wonted ornaments. Spenfer.
Uncomb’d his locks, andJ'qualid his attire,
Unlike the trim of love and gay defire. Dryden s Knights Dale.
All thefe Cocytus bounds with fqualidreeds,
With muddy ditches and with deadly weeds. Dryden.
To SQUALL, v. n. [fquala, Swedifh.J To feream out as a
child or woman frighted.
In my neighbourhood, a very pretty prattling fhoulder of
veal fquails out at the fight of a knife. " Spectator.
I put five into my coat pocket, and as to the fixth I made a
countenance as if I would eat him alive. The poor ma»fqualled terribly. Swift.
Cornelius funk back on a chair; the guefts flood aftonifhed;
the infantfquaivl'd. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Squall, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Loud feream.
There oft are heard the notes of infant woe,
The fhort thick fob, loud feream, and fhrillerj^W/. Swift.
2. Sudden guft of wind. A Tailor’s word.
Squa'ller. n.f. [from [quail.] Screamer; one that fereams;
SQUALOR, n.f [Latin.] Coarfenefs; naftinefs; want of
cleanlinefs and neatnefs.
Take heed that their new flowers and fweetnefs do not as
much corrupt as the others drynefs and fqualor. Ben. Johnfon.
What can filthy poverty give elfe, but beggary, fulfome
naftinefs, fqualor, uglinefs, hunger, and thirft ? Burton.
Squa'lly. adj. [from fquall] Windy; gufty. A Tailor’s word.
Squa'mous. adj. [fquameus, Latin.] Scaly; covered with feales.
The fea was replenifhed with fifh, ofthe cartilaginous and
fquamofe, as of the teftaceous and cruftaceous kinds. Wcodw.
Thofegalls and balls are produced, in the gems of oak, which
may be called fquamous oak cones. De> ham's Phyftco-Lheology.
To SQUA'NDER. v. a. [verfehwenden, Teutonick.J
1. To fcatter lavifhly; to fpend profufely; to throw away in
idle prodigality.
Wefquander away fome part of our fortune at play. Atterb.
They oitonfquander d, but they never gave. Savage.
Never take a favourite waiting maid, to infinuate how great
a fortune you brought, and how little you are allowed to
fquander. _ _ Swift.
Then, In plain profe, were made two forts of men.
Tofquander fome, and fome to hide agen. Pope.
True friends would rather fee fuch thoughts as they com¬
municate only to one another, than what they fquander about
to all the world. " x Pope.
How uncertain it is, whether the years we propofe to ourfelves ftiall be indulged to us, uncertain whether we fhall have
power or even inclination to improve them better than thofe
we nowfquander away. Rogers.
2. To fcatter; todiffipate; to difperfe.
He hath an argofie bound to Tripolis, another to the In¬
dies, and other ventures he h^thfquanderedabroad. ShakeJ'peare.
The troops we fquander'd firft, again appear
From fev’ral quarters, and enclofe the rear. Dryden.
He is a fuccefsful warrior,
And has the foldiers hearts : upon the fkirts
Of Arragon ourfquander'd troops he rallies. Dryden.
Squa'nderer. n.f. [from fquander.] A fpendthriftj a pro¬
digal ; a wafter; a lavifher.
Plenty in their own keeping, teaches them from the begin¬
ning, to be fquanderers and wallers. Locke.
SQUARE, adj. [yfgiver., Welfh; quadratus, Latin.]
1. Cornered ; having right angles.
All the doors and polls werefquare, with the windows. Kings.
Water and air the varied form confound;
Theftraight looks crooked, and thefquaregrows round.Prior.
2. Forming a right angle.
This inftrument is for ftriking linesfquare to other lines or
ftreight Tides, and try the fquarenefs of their work. Moxon.
3. Cornered ; having angles of whatever content; as three fquare,
five fquare.
Catching up in hafte his threefquare (Field,
And fhining helmet, Toon him buckled to the field. Spenfer.
The clavicle is a crooked bone, in the figure of an S, one
end of which being thicker and almcft three fquare, is inserted
into the firft bone of the fternon. Wifeman's Surgery.
4. Parallel; exactly fuitable.
She’s a mofttriumphant lady, ifreport befquare to her. Shak.
5: Strong; ftout; well fet. As, zfquare man.
t>. Equal; exadl; honeft; fair. As,fquare dealing.
All have not offended;
For thofe that were, it is notfquare to take
On thofe that are, revenge; crimes, like to lands.
Are not inherited. Shakefpeare's ‘t imon ofAthens.
7. [In geometry.] Square root of any number is that which,
multiplied by it felf, produces the fquare, as 4 is thefquare root
of 16; becaufe 4X4=16; and Jikewife 6 the fquare root of
36,as 6X6=36.
Square.
SQ^U S QU
Square, n.f. [quadra, Latin.]
1. A figure with right angles and equal Tides.
Then did a {harped fpire of diamond bright,
Ten feet each way in Jquare appear to me,
Juftly proportion’d up unto his height,
So far as archer might his level Tee. Spenfer.
Rais’d of grafly turf their table was ;
And on her ample fquare from fide to fide
All Autumn pil’d. • Milton.
2. An area of four Tides, with houfes on each fide.
The ftatue of Alexander VII. ftands in the large fquare of
the town. Addijon's Remarks on Italy.
3. Content of an angle.
In rectangle triangles thefquare which is made of the fide
that fubtendeth the right angle, is equal to the fquares which
are made of the Tides, containing the right angle. Brown.
4. A rule or inilrument by which workmen meafure or form
their angles.
5. Rule; regularity; exaCT proportion; juftnefs of workman-
{hip or conduit.
In St. Paul’s time the integrity of Rome was famous: Co¬
rinth many ways reproved : they of Galatia much more out
of fquare. Hooker.
The whole ordinance of that government was at firft evil
plotted, and through other overfights came more out offquare,
to that diforder which it is now come unto. Spenfer s Ireland
I have not kept my fquare, but that to come
Shall all be done by th’ rule. Sbakef. Antony and Cleopatra.
Nothing To much fetteth this art of influence out offquare
and rule as education. Raleigh.
k. Squadron; troops formed fquare.
He alone
Dealt on lieutenantry, and no pra&ice had
In the bravefquares of war. Shakefpeare.
Our fuperfluous lacqueys and our peafants,
Who in unnecelfary aifion fwarm
About our fquares of battle, were enow
To purge this field of fuch a hilding foe. Shakefpeare.
7. AJquare number is when another called its root can be exaifly
found, which multiplied by itfelf produces the fquare. The
following example is not accurate.
Advance thy golden mountains to the {kies.
On the broad bale of fifty thoufand rife;
Add one round hundred, and if that’s not fair.
Add fifty more, and bring it to afquare. Pope.
8. Quaternion; number four.
I profefs
Myfelf an enemy to all other joys
Which the mod preciousfquare of fenfe poflefles,
And find I am alone felicitate
In your love. Shakefpeare.
9. Level ; equality.
Men fhould fort themfelves with their equals; for a rich
man that converfes upon the fquare with a poor man, fliall
certainly undoe him. L’Eflrange.
We live not on the fquare with fuch as thefe,
Such are our betters who can better pleafe. Dryden.
10. Quartile; the aftrological Situation of planets^ diftantninety
degrees from each other.
To th’ other five
Their planetary motions, and afpeets,
In Textile, fquare, and trine and oppofite
Of noxious efficacy. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
11. Rule ; conformity. A proverbial ufe. r
I {hall break no fquares whether it be To or not. VEflrange.
12. Squares £0. The game proceeds. Chefsboards being full
of fquares.
One frog looked about him to fee how fquares went with
their new king. L’Eflrange.
To Square, v.a. [quadra, Latin; from the noun.]
1. To form with right angles.
He employs not on us the hammer and the chizzel, with an
intent to wound or mangle us, but only to fquare and fafhion
our hard and ftubborn hearts. Boyle’s Seraphick Love.
2. To reduce to a fquare.
Circles to fquare, and cubes to double,
Wou’d give a man excefTWe trouble. Prior.
3. To meafure; to reduce to a meafure.
Stubborn criticks, apt, without a theme
For depravation, tofqua e all the fex
By CreiTid s rule. Sbakef eare’s Troilus and Creffida.
4. Toadjuft; to regulate; to mould; to fhape.
Dreams are toys ;
Yet for this once, yea fupcrlhtioufly,
I will be fquar'd by this. Shakefpeare's Winter’s Tale.
How frantickly Ifquare my talk! Shakefpeare.
Thou’rt faid to have a ftutborn foul.
That apprehends no further than this world,
Aivifq'iar’fi thy life accordingly. Shakefpeare.
Cod has defigned us a meafure of our undertakings; his
Word and law, by the proportions whereof we are to fquare
our a&io.'is. Decay of Piety.
The oracle was inforced to proclaim Socrates to be the
wifeft man in the world, becaufe he applied his fludies to
the moral part, thejquanng men’s lives. Hammond.
His preaching much, but more his pra&ice wrought;
A living fermon of the truths he taught;
For this by rules fevere his life hzfquar d,
That all might fee the do&rine which they heard. Dryden.
This mud convince all fuch who have, upon a wrong inter¬
pretation, prefumed to fquare opinions by theirs, and have in
loud exclamations (hewn their abhorrence of univerfity edu¬
cation. Swift.
5. To accommodate; to fit.
Eye me, blefi providence, andfquare my trial
To my proportion’d ftrength. Milton.
6. To refpedt in quartile.
O’er libra’s fign a crowd of foes prevails,
The icy goat and crab thatfquaie the feales. Creech.
Some profelfions can equally fquare themfelves to, and thrive
under all revolutions of government. South s Sermons.
To Square, v. n.
1. To fuit with ; to fit with.
I fet them by the rule, and, as they fquare,
Or deviate from undoubted doCTrine, fare. Dryden.
His description fquares exaCfly to lime. Woodward.
Thefe marine bodies do notfquare with thofe opinions, but
exhibit phaenomena that thwart them. Woodward.
2. To quarrel; to go to oppofite Tides. ObTolete.
Are you fuch fools
To fquare for this? would it offend youthen
That both fhould fpeed ! Shakefpeare’s Titus Andronlcus.
But they do fquare, that all their elves for fear
Creep into acorn cups, and hide them there. Shakefpeare.
Squareness, n.f [fromfquaref Theftate @f being fquare.
This inftrument is for ftriking lines fquare to other lines or
ftraigfit lines, and try the fquarenefs of their work. Moxon.
Motion, fquarenef, or any particular fhape, are the acci¬
dents of body. Watts’s Loglck.
Squash, n.f. [from quajhf
1. Any thing foft and eafily crufhed.
Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough for a
boy ; as a fquafh is before it is a peafcod, or a coddling, when
it is almoft an apple. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
2. [Melopepof A plant.
The characters are, it hath the whole appearance of a
pumpion or gourd ; from which this differs in its fruit, which
is roundifh, flefhy, (freaked, angular, and for the moft part
divided into five partitions, inclofing flat feeds adhering to a
fpongy placenta. Miller.
Squafh is an Indian kind of pumpion that grows apace.
Boyle.
3. Any thing unripe; any thing foft. In contempt.
How like I then was to this kernel.
Thisfquafio, this gentleman. Shakefpeare’s JVinters Tale.
4. A fudden fall.
Since they will overload my (houlder?, I (hall throw down
the burden with a fquafh among them. Arbuthnot.
5. A (hock of foft bodies.
My fall was flopped by a terriblefquafi) that founded louder
than the cataraCt of Niagara. Gulliver’s Travels.
To Squash, v. a. To crufh into pulp.
To Squat, it. n. [quattare, Italian.] To Tit cowering; to
fit cloTe to the ground.
Squat, adj. [from the verb.]
1. Cowering; clofe to the ground.
Him there they found,
Squat like a toad, clofe at the ear of Eve. Milton.
Her deareft com’rades never caught her
Squat on her hams. Swift.
2. Short and thick; having one part clofe to another, as thofe
of an animal contracted and cowering.
The Tquill-infeCT is fo called from fome firhilitude to the
fquill-fifh : the head is broad and fquat. Grew.
Alma in verfe, in profe, the mind.
By Ariflotle’s pen defin’d,
Throughout the body fquat or tail*
Is bond fide, all in all. Prior.
Squat, n. f.
1. The poffure of cowering or lying clofe.
A flitch-fall’n cheek that hangs below the jaw;
Such wrinkles as a fkillul hand would draw
For an old grandam ape, when with a grace
She fits atfquat, and Scrubs her leathern face. Dryden.
2. A fudden fall.
Bruifes, fiquats and falls, which often kill others, can bring
little hurt to thofe that are temperate. Herbert.
Squat, n.f. A fort of mineral.
The /quat confifis of tin ore and fpar incorporated. Woodw.
To Squeak, v. n. [fqivaka, Swedifh.]
r. 1 o fet up a fudden dolorous cry; to cry out with pain.
2. To cry with a Thrill acute tone.
Ti he fheeted dead
Did fqueak and gibber in the Roman Tracts. Shakefpeare.
24 Z Cart 1
S Q_U
Cart wheelsfqueak not when they are liquored. Bacon.
i lee the new Arion fail,
The lute ftill trembling underneath thy nail:
At thy well (harpen’d thumb from fhore to (hore,
T he treblesfqueak for fear, the bafes roar. .Dryden.
Blunderbufl’es planted in every loop-hole, go off conftantly
at thefqueakmg of a fiddle and the thrumming of a guitar.
Dryden's Spanijh Friar.
Who can endure to hear one of the rough old Romans
fqueaking through the mouth of an eunuch ? Flddifon.
How like brutes organs are to ours ;
They grant, if higher pow’rs think fit-,
A bear might foon be made a wit;
And that for any thing in nature,
Pigs mightfqueak love-odes, dogs bark fatyr. Prior.
Jn florid impotence he fpeaks,
And as the prompter breathes, the-puppetfqueaks. Pope.
Zoilus calls the companions of Ulvfles the fqueaking' nio-s of
H?mer- ' ^ Pope’s Odyffey.
3. I o break ltlence or fecrecy for fear or pain.
If he be obftinate, put a civil queftion to him upon the rack,
and hefqueaks, I warrant him. Dryden's Don Sebaftian.
Squeak, n.f [from the verb.] A fhrill quick cry; a cry of
pain. 1
Ran cow and calf, and family of hogs,
In panick horrour of purfuing dogs :
With many a deadly grunt and dolefulfqueak.
Poor fvvine! as if their pretty hearts wou’d break. Dryden.
lo Squeal, v. n. [fqwala, Swedifh.J To cry with a fhrill
iharp voice; to cry with pain. Squeak feems a fhort fudden
cry, and fqueal a cry continued.
SQlyEAMISH. Q'/j. [for quawmifo or qualmifh, from qualm.J
Nice ; faflidious ; eaiily difguftcd; having the ftomach eafily
turned ; being apt to take offence without much reafon. It is
ufed always in diflike either real or ironical.
''t et, for countenance fake, he feemed veryfqueamifo in refpedt of the charge he had of the princefs Pamela. Sidney.
Quoth he, that honour’s very fqueamifo,
1 hat takes a bailing for a blemifh ;
for what’s more honourable than fears.
Or (kin to tatters rent in wars ? Hudibras.
His mufick is ruftick, and perhaps too plain,
The men of fqueamifh tafle to entertain. Southern.
It is rare to fee a man at once jquectnvfh and voracious.
There is no occafion to oppofe the ancients and the mo¬
derns, or to be fqueamijh on either fide. He that wifely conducls his mind in the purfuit of knowledge, will gather what
lights he can from either. Locke.
Squea mishness. n f. \iromfqueamifh.J Nicenefs; delicacy;
faflidioufnefs.
The thorough-pac’d politician mull prefently laugh at the
fqncamifhnefs of his confidence, and read it another°le£lure.
. South’s Sermons.
I pon tneir principles they may revive the worfhip of the
hod of heaven; it is but conquering a little Jqueumijhnef of
ftomach. Stillinyfleet.
1 o adnnnifter this dofe, fifty tboufand operators, confidering the fqueamifhnefs of fomc ftomachs, and the peeviflinefs of
young children, is but reafonable. Svctft.
I o Squeeze, v. a. [cpiyan, Saxon ; ys-gteafgu, Welfh.]
1. To prefer to crufh between two bodies.
It is applied to thefqueezing or prefling of things downwards,
as in the prefles for printing. Wilkins.
The finking of the earth would make an extraordinary
convulfion of the air, and that crack mull fo fhake orfqueeze
the atmofphere, as to bring down all the remaining vapours.
, Burnet’s Theory ofthe Earth.
He reap’d the product of his labour’d ground,
A nd fqueez’d the combs with golden liquor crown’d. Dryden.
.None a£ted mournings forc’d to fhow,
Orfqueeze his eyes to make the torrent flow. Dryden.
When flori-o fpeaks, what virgin could withftand,
If gentle Damon did not Squeeze her hand? Pope.
2. To opprefs; to crufh ; to harafs by extortion.
In a civil war people muff expe£f to be crufhed and fqueezed
toward the burden. L’Ejirange.
3- To force between dofe bodies.
To Squeeze, v.n.
1. T o a£l or pafs, in confequence of compreflion.
A concave fphere of gold fill’d with water and folder’d up,
upon prefling the fphere with great force, let the waterfqueeze
through it, and Hand all over its outfide in multitudes offmall
drops, like dew, without burlling or cracking the body of the
&° (’t,71 Newton's Opticks.
V hat crowds of thefc, impenitentJy bold.
In founds and jingling fyllables grown old.
Still run on poets, in a raging vein,
Ev 11 to the dregs and freezings of the brain. Pope.
2. Lo force way through dole bodies.
Many a publick miniiler comes empty in; but when he has
S Q^U
crammed his guts, he is fain to fqueeze hard before he can <rC£
c off- , ,
Squeeze, n.f [from the verb.] C-itnprefnon; prefiure,
r ^ A fubtile ^rtift flands with yvond’rous bag,
f hat bears imprifon’d winds, of gentler fort
I han thofe that erft Laertes’, fon enclos’d :
Peaceful they fleep; but let the tunefullyueeze
Ol lab ling elbow roufe them, out they fly
Melodit us, and with fpritelv accents charm. Philibsi
Squelch, n.f. Heavyfall. A low ludicrous word.
He tore the earth which be had fav’d
From fquelch of knight, and ftorm’d and rav’d. Hudibras.
So foon as the poor devil had recovered the fqi clch, away
he fcampers, bawling like mad. L’Eftrange.
Squib, n.f [fchieben, German, to pufhforward. This etymo¬
logy, though the belt that I have found, is not very probable.]
1. A (mail pipe of paper filled with wildfire. Ufed in fport.
The armada at Calais, fir Walter Raleigh was wont pret¬
tily to fay, were fuddenly driven away withfquib: , for it was
no more than a ftratagem of fire-boats manlefs, and fent upon
them. Bacon s IPar with Spain.
The foreft of the foutb, compareth the French valour to a
fquib, or fire of flax, which burns and crackles for a time,
but fuddenly extinguifhes. Bowel’s Vocal Foreft.
Lampoons, likefquibs, may make a prefent blaze;
But time, and thunder, pay refpetft to bays. Waller.
Furious he begins his march,
Drives rattling o’er a brazen arch ;
With fquibs and crackers arm’d to throw
Among the trembling crowd below. Swift.
2. Any petty fellow.
Afked for their pafs by everyfquib,
That lift at will them to revile or fnib. Spenfer.
Thefquibs, in the common phrafe, are called libellers. Tutler.
Squill, n. f. [fquilla.fcilia, Latin; fquille, Fr.J
1. A plant.
It hath a large acrid bulbous root like an onion ; the leaves
are broad; the flowers are like thofe of ornithogalum, or the
ftarry hyacinth : they grow in a long fpike, and come out be¬
fore the leaves. Miller.
Seed or kernels of apples and pears put into afquill, which
,is like a great onion, will come up earlier than in the earth
itfclf. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
’Twill down like oxymel offqui/ls. Rofcommon.
The felf fame atoms
Can, in the trufle, furnifh out a feaft ;
Andnaufeate, in the fcalyfquill, the tafte. Garth
2. A fifh.
3. An infedf.
The [quill-infe£t is fo called from fome fimilitude to the
fquill-hfh, in having a long body covered with a cruft, compofed of feveral rings: the head broad and fquat. Grew.
SquTnancy. n.f. [fquittance,fquinancie, Fr.fquinatia, Italian.]
An inflammation in the throat; a quinfev.
It is ufed forfquinancies and inflammations of the throat;
whereby it feemeth to have a mollifying and Unifying virtue.
Bacon’s Natural Hftory.
In a Jquinaney there is danger of fuffocation. Wijeman.
SQUINT, adj. [fquinte, Dutch, oblique, tranfverfe.] Look¬
ing obliquely ; looking not dire&ly; looking fufpici&ufly.
Where an equal poifeof hope and fear i
Does arbitrate the event, my nature is
That I incline to hope rather than fear.
And gladly banifh Jquint fufpicion. Milton.
To Squint, v. n. To look obliquely; to look not in a diredt
line of vifion.
Some can fquint when they will; and children fet upon a
table with a candle behind them, both eyes will move out¬
wards, as affedfing to fee ihe light, and fo induce fquinting.
Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
Not a period of this epiflle but fquints towards another over
againft it. ” iW
To Squint, v. a.
1. To form the eye to oblique vifion.
This is the foul Flibertigibbet; he gives the web and the
pin,fquints the eye, and makes the hairlip. Shakefpeare.
2. To turn the eye obliquely.
Perkin began already to fquint one eye upon the crown,
and another upon the fandluary. ' Bacon’s Henry VII.
Squi'nteyed. adj. [fquint and eye.]
1. Having the fight directed oblique.
He was foJquinteyed, that he Teemed fpitefully to look upon
them whom he beheld. Knolles’s Hijiory cfthe Turks.
2. Indirect; oblique; malignant.
This is fuch a falfe andfquinteyed praife,
Which Teeming to look upwards on his glories,
Looks down upon my fears. Dtnlam
Squintife'go. adj. Squinting. A cant word.
The timbrel and the fquintifego maid
Of Ifis awe thee; left the gods for fin,
Should, with a fuelling dropfy ftuft’ thy fkin. Dryden..
Ire-
S T A
Tb Squiny. v. n. To l«ok afquint. A cant word.
I remember thine eyes well enough :
Do’ft thou tquiny at me ? S(^>kefpeare s King Lear.
Squire, n./ [Contraction of c/quire-, ej'cuyerg French. See
Esquire.]
1. A gentleman next in rank to a knight.
He will maintain you like a gentlewoman.—Ay, that I will*
come cut and long tail under the degree of a /quite. Shake/p.
The reft are princes, barons, knights, /quires.
And gentlemen of blood. Shake/peare s Henry V.
2. An attendant on a noble warriour.
Old Butes’ form he took, Anchifes'/quire
Now left to rule Afcanius. Dryden's /Eneid.
Knights, /quires, and fteeds muft enter on the ftage. Pope.
3. An attendant at court.
Return with her—
I could as well be brought
f o knee his throne, and fquire-\\ke penfion beg.
To keep bafe life a-foot. Shake/peare's King Leaf.
Squi rrel, n./. [efcurueil, French; feiurus, Latin.] A fmall
animal that lives in woods, remarkable for leaping from tree
to tree.
One chanc’d to find a nut.
In the end of which a hole was cut,
Which lay upon a hazel-root,
There fcatter’d by afqubrel:
Which out the kernel gotten had ;
When quoth this fay, dear queen be glad*
Let Oberon be ne’er fo mad,
I’ll fet you fafe from peril. Drayton.
To SQUIRT, v. a. To throw out in a quick ftreatn. Of un¬
certain etymology.
Sir Roger fhe mortally hated, and ufed to hire fellows to
/quirt kennel water upon him as he palled along. Arbuthnot.
To Squirt, v.n. To prate; to let fly. Low cant.
You are fo given to/quirting up and down, and chattering,
that the world would fay, I had chofen a jack-pudding for a
prime minifter. L'Ejirange.
Squirt, n./ [from the verb.]
j. An inftrument by which a quick ftream is ejefted.
He with his/quirt-fire cou’d difperfe
Whole troops. Hudibras.
There is war declare! by a lord; his weapons are a pin to
fcratch, and a/quirt to befpatter. Pope.
2. A fmall quick ftream.
Water thofe with /quirts of an infufion of the medicine in
dunged water. Bacon's Natural Hifory.
Squ/rteR. n./ [(rom/quirt ] One that plies a fquirt.
The/quirters were at it with their kennel water, for they
were mad for the lofs oftheir bubble. Arbuthnot.
To STAB. v. a. [Jlaven, old Dutch,]
1. To pierce with a pointed weapon.
Be’t lawful, that I invocate thy ghoft.
To hear the lamentations of poor Anne,
Wife to thy Edward, to thy flaughter’d fon ;
Stabb'd by the felf fame hand that made thefe wounds. Shak.
Thou hid’ft a thoufand daggers in thy thoughts,
Which thou haft whetted on thy ftony heart,
To fab at my frail life. Shake/peare's Henry IV.
None fhall dare
With fhorten’d fword tofab in clofer war ;
But in fair combat fight. Dryden's Knights Tale.
Killing a man with a fword or a hatchet, are looked on as
no diftinft fpecies of aftion ; but if the point of the fword firft
enter the body, it pafles fora diftinft fpecies where it has a di¬
ftinft name; as in England, where it is called/tabbing. Locke.
Porcius, think, thou feeft thy dying brother
Stabb'd at his heart, and all befmear’d with blood.
Storming at thee! Addi/on s Cato.
2. To wound mortally or mifehievoufly.
He fipeaks poinards, and every wordfah. Shake/peare.
What tears will then be filed !
Then, to eompleat her woes, willlefpoufe
Hermione’twillfab her to the heart! A. Philips.
Stab. n./ [from the verb.]
1. A ftab or wound with a fiiarp pointed weapon.
The elements
Of whom your fwords are temper’d, may as well
Wound the loud winds, or with bemockt atfobs
Kill the ftill clofing waters. Sloake/peare.
Cleander,
Unworthy was thy fate, thou firft of warriours,
• To fall beneath a bafe afiaflin’s//tf£. Rouse.
2. A dark injury; a fly mifehief.
3. A ftroke ; a blow.
He had a fuitable feripture ready to repell them all; every
pertinent text urged home being a diredifab to a temptation.
South's Sermons.
Sta'bber. n./. [from/?tfL] One who ftabs; a privy mur¬
derer.
STABI'LIMENT. n.f. [fromfalilis, Latin.] Support; firmnefs; aft of making firm.
They ferve fotfabilment, propagation and fliade. Denham.
ST A
Stability, n.f [fabilite, Fr. fromfabiiita/ Latin.]
1. Stablenefs ; fteadinefs; ftrength to Ifand.
By the fame degrees that either of thefe happen, the fa~
bility of the figure is by the fame leilened. Temple.
Thefe mighty girders which the fabrick bind,
Thefe ribs robuft and valt in orderjoin’d.
Such ftiength and fuchJlability impart.
That ftorms above, and earthquakes under ground
Break not the pillars. BldckmoreS
He began to try
This arid that hanging Hone’sfability. Cotton.
2. Fixednefs; not fluidity.
Since fluidnefs andfability are contrary qualities, we may
conceive chat the firmnefs orfability of a body confifts in this,.
that the particles whichcompofeitdo fo reft, or are intangled,
that there is among them a mutual cohelion.. Boyle.
3. Firmnefs of refolution.
Stable, adj. [fable, Fr.fabilis, Latin.]
1. Fixed; able to ftand.
2. Steady; conftant; fixed in refolution or conduft.
If man would be unvariable,
He muft be like a rock or ftone, or tree;
For ev’n the perfeft angels were notfable,
But had a fall more defperate than we. Davies.
He perfeft, fable ; but imperfeft we,
Subjeft to change. Dryden's Knights Tale.
3. Strong ; fixed in ftate.
This region of chance arid vanity, where nothing isfable,
nothing equal; nothing could be offered to-day but what to¬
morrow might deprive us of. Rogerds Sermons,
S FA'BLE. n./. ffabulum, Latin ] ! A houle for beafts.
I will make Rabbah afable for camels. Ezra xxv. 5.
To Sta'ble. v.n. [fabulo, Latin.] To kennel; to dwell as
beafts.
In their palaces,
Where luxury late reign’d, fea monfters whelp’d
And fabled. Milton.
Sta'bleboy. ) n./ [fable and b:y, or mand\ One who atSta'bleman. I tends in the ftable.
As foon as you alight at the inn, deliver your horfes to the
fableboy. Swift;
If the gentleman hath lain a night, get thefablemen and the
Lullion to ftand in Iris way. Swift's Directions to the Butler.
I would with jockeys from Newmarket dine,
And to rough riders give my choiceft wine;
I would carefs fomeJlableman of note.
And imitate his language and his coat. B’ramflon.
Sta'bleness. n.f [fromfable.]
1. Power to ftand.
2. Steadinefs; conftancy; liability.
'I he king becoming graces,
Asjuftice, verity, ttm/r<xnee,Jlablene/s,
Bounty, perfev’rance, I have no relifti of them. Shake/peare.
Sta'blestand. n.f. [In law.] Is one of the four evidences or
prefumptions, whereby a man is convinced to intend the
Healing ot the king’s deer in the foreft: and this is when a
man is found at his ftanding in the foreft with a crofs bow
bent, ready to {hoot at any deer; or with a long bow, or elfe
Handing clofe by a tree with greyhounds in a lealh ready to
Cowel.
I’ll keep myfableftand where I lod|e my wife, I’ll go iri
couples with her. Shake/peare.
To Sta'blish. v. a. [efablir, Fr. fabilio, Latin.] To eftablilh; to fix; to fettle.
Then fire began a treaty to procure,
Andfablifh terms betwixt both their requefts. Fairy £hteen.
Stop effufion of our Chriftian blood,
Andfablijh quietnefs on ev’ry fide. Shake/p. Hen. VI.
Comfort your hearts, -and fabli/o you in every good work.
2Tbejf ii. 17.
Poor hereticks in love there be,
WTiich think tofablijh dangerous conftancy;
But I have told them, fince you will be true,
You fhall be true to them who’re falfe to you. Donne.
His covenant fworn
i o David, fablijh'd as the days of heav’n. Miltort.
Stack, n.f [facca, Italian.]
1. A large quantity of hay, corn, or wood, heaped up regularly
together. 0 y
Again!! every pillar was a fack of billets above a man’s
height, which the watermen that bring wood down the Seine
there. Bacon's Natural HMory.
. w hlle the marquis and his fervant on foot were chafina tho
kid about thefack, the prince from horfeback killed him with
a Wotton's Buckingham»
While the cock
To thefack or the barn-door
Stoutly ftruts his dame before. Milton„
Stacks of moift corn grow hot by fermentation. Newtons
An inundation, fays the fable,
U erflow d a farmer’s barn and liable;
Whole ricks of hay andfacts of corn
Were down the fudden current born. Swift.
3 2. A
S T A S T A
1. A number of chimneys or funnels {landing together.
A mafon making aJlack of chimneys, the foundation of the
houfe funk. IVifetnaris Surgery.
T o Stack, v. a, [from the noun.] To pile up regularly in
ricks.
So likewife a hovel will ferve for a room,
ToJiack on the peafe. _ Tuffer.
The prices offaching up of wood I {hall give you. Mort,
StActe, n.f. An aromatickj the gum that diftills from the
tree which produces myrrh.
Take fweet fpices, (latte, and galbanum. Ex. xxx. 24*
Sta'dle. n.f. [yrabel, Saxon, a foundation.]
ii Any thing which ferves for fupport to another.
2. Aftaff; a crutch.
He cometh on, his weak fteps governing
And aged limbs on cyprefsfladle ftout.
And with an ivy twine his waift is girt about. Fa. £hieen.
3. A tree fuffered to grow for coarfe and common ufes, as ports
or rails. Of this meaning I am doubtful.
Leave growing forfladdles the 1 ikelieft and beft.
Though feller and buyer difpatched the reft. Tuffer.
Coppice-woods, if you leave in (hemfladdles too thick, will
run to bullies and briars, and have little clean underwood. Bac.
To STa'dle. v. a. [from the noun.] To furnifli with ftadles.
Firft fee it well fenced, ere hewers begin; '
Then fee it wellJIadled without and within. Tuffer.
Sta'dtholder. n.f. [fadt and houden, Dutch.] The chief
magiftrate of the United Provinces.
STAFF, n.f. fiwt.faves. [j-tsep, Saxon ; Jlaff, Danifh ; faf,
Dutch.]
1. A ftick with which a man fupports himfelf in walking.
It much would pleafe him,
That of his fortunes you would make aJlaff
To lean upon. Sbakefp. Ant. andCleopatra.
Grant me and my people the benefit of thy chaftifements,
that thy rod as well as thyJlaff may comfort us. K. Charles.
Is it probable that he, who had met whole armies in battle,
fhould now throw away hisJlaff, out of fear of a dog. Broome.
2. A prop ; a fupport.
Hope is a lover’sy?^; walk hence with that.
And manage it againft defpairing thoughts. Shakefpeare.
The boy was the veryJlaffof my age, my very prop. Shak.
3. A ftick ufed as a weapon ; a club ; the handle of an edged
or pointed weapon. A club properly includes the notion of
weight, and the (laff of length.
I cannot ftrike at wretched kernes, whofe arms
Are hir’d to bear theirflaves. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
He that bought the fkin ran greater rifque than t’other that
fold it, and had the worfe end of theJlaff. L'EJlrange.
With, forks andflaves the felon they purfue. Dryden.
4. Any long piece of wood.
He forthwith from the glitt’ringJlaff unfurl’d
Th’ imperial enfign. Milton.
To his ftngle eye, that in his forehead glar’d
Like a full moon, or a broad burnifh’d fhield,
A forkyJlaff we dext’roufly apply’d.
Which, in the fpacious focket turning round,
Scoopt out the big round gelly from its orb. Addifn.
5. An enfign of an office; a badge of authority.
Methought thisJlaff', mine office-badge in court,
Was broke in twain. Sbakefp. HenryVl.
All his officers brake theirflaves; but at their return new
flaves were delivered unto them. Hayward on Edward VI.
6. [Stef, Iflanuick ] A ftanza; a feries of verfes regularly difofed, fo as that, when the ftanza is concluded, the fame order
egins again.
Cowley found out that no kind ofJlaff is proper for an
heroick poem, as being all too lyrical; yet though he wrote
in couplets, where rhyme is freer from conftraint, he affedfs
half verfes. Dryden.
Sta'ffish. adj. [fromfaff.] Stiff; harlh. Obfolete.
A wit in youth not over dull, heavy, knotty, and lumpifh,
but hard, tough, and though fomewhatJlaffifh, both for learn¬
ing and whole courfe of living, proveth always beft. Afcham.
Sta'fftree. n.f. A fort of ever green privet.
Stag. n.f. [Of this word I find no derivation.] The male red
deer; the male of the hind.
To the place a poor fequeftredflag,
That from the hunter’s aim had ta’en a hurt,
Did come to languifh. Sbakefp. As you Tike it.
The fwiftflag from under ground
Bore up his branching head. Milton.
1 h’ inhabitants of feas and Ikies fhall change.
And filh on (horc, andJtags in air fliall range. Dryden.
Theflag
Hears his own feet, and thinks they found like more,
And fears his hind legs will o’ertake his fore. Pope.
STAGE, n.f. [effage, French ]
j. A floor raifed to view on which any (how is exhibited.
2. The theatre; the place of fcenick entertainments.
And much good do’t you then,
Brave plufli and velvet men:
Can feed on ort; and, fafe in your flage clothes,
Dare quit, upon your oaths,
'1 heftagers and theflage wrights too. Ben. fohnfn,
T hofe two Mytilene brethren, bafely born, crept out of a
fmall galliot unto the majefty of great kings. Herein admire
the wonderful changes and chances of thefe worldly things,
now up, now down, as if the life of man were not of much
more certainty than aflage play. Knolles’s Hifl. of the Turks.
I maintain, againft the enemies of theflage, that patterns
of piety, decently reprefented, may fecond the precepts. Dryd.
One Livius Andronicus was the firftflage player in Rome.
Dryden's Juvenal, Dedication.
Knights, fquires, and fteeds muft enter on theflage. Pope.
Among flaves, who exercifed polite arts, none fold fo dear
asflage players or adlors. Arbutbnot on Coins.
3. Any place where any thing is publickly tranfadled or per¬
formed.
When we are born, we cry that we are come
To this greatflage of fools. Sbakefp. King L^ar.
4. A place in which reft is taken on a journey; as much of a
journey as is performed without intermrffion. [Statio, Latin.]
I fhall put you in mind where it was you promifed to fet out,
or begin your firftflage; and befeech you to go before me my
guide. Hammond’s Pratt. Catech.
Our nextflage brought us to the mouth of the Tiber. Add.
From thence compell’d by craft and age.
She makes the head her lateftJlage. Prior.
By opening a paffage from Mufcovy to China, and marking
the feveral Jlages, it was a journey of fo many days. Baker.
5. A Angle ftep of gradual procefs.
The changes and viciffitude in wars are many ; but chiefly
in the feats orJlages of the war, the weapons, and the manner
of the condudf. Bacon’s Effays.
We muft: not expedl that our journey through the feveral
Jlages of this life Ihould be all fmooth and even. Atterbury.
To prepare the foul to be a fit inhabitant of that holy place
to which we afpire, is to be brought to perfedlion by gradual
advances through feveral hard and laborious Jlages of difeipline. Rogers’s Sermons.
The firftftage of healing, or the difeharge of matter, is by
furgeons called digeftion. Sharp’s Surgery.
To Stage, v. a. [from the noun.] To exhibit publickly.
Out of ufe.
I love the people^
But do not like toJlage me to their eyes:
Though it do well, I do not relifh well
Their loud applaufe. Sbakefp. Meafurefor Meafure.
The quick comedians
Extemp’rally willfage us, and prefent
Our Alexandrian revels. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Sta'gecoach. n.f. [flage and coach.] A coach that keeps its
ftages; a coach that pafles and repaftes on certain days for the
accommodation of paffengers.
The ftory was told me by a prieft, as we travelled in a
fagecoach. Addifon.
When late their miry Tidesflagecoaches {how.
And their ftiff horfes through the town move flow,
Then let the prudent walker {hoes provide. Gay.
Sta'geplay. n.f. [flage and play.'] Theatrical entertain¬
ment.
This rough-caft unhewn poetry was inftead offagep’ays for
one hundred and twenty years.' Dryclen’s Juv. Dedication.
Sta'ger. n.f. [fromJlage.]
1. A player.
You fafe in your ftage clothes.
Dare quit, upon your oaths,
The/lagers and the ftage wrights too. Ben. Jobnfon.
2. One who has long adled on the ftage of life; a pradlitioner;
a perfon of cunning.
I’ve heard old curmmgfagers
Say, fools for argument ufe wagers. Hudibras.
One experienced Jlager, that had baffled twenty traps and
tricks before, difeovered the plot. L’Ejlrange.
SomeJlagers of the wifer fort
Made all thefe idle wonderments their fport:
But he, who heard what ev’ry fool could fay.
Would never fix his thought, but trim his time away. Dryd.
One cries out, thefefagers
Come in good time to make more work for wagers. Dryd.
Be by a parlon cheated !
Had you been cunning fagers.
You might yourfelves be treated
By captains and by majors. otui/?.
Sta'gevil. n.f. A difeafe in horfes.
Sta'ggard. n.f [fromfag.] A four year old flag. Aiffw.
To STA'GGER. v. n. [.Jlaggeren, Dutch.]
I. To reel; not to ftand or walk fteadily.
He began to appear fick and giddy, and tofagger; after
which he fell down as dead. Boyle.
He ftruck with all his might
Full on the helmet of th’ unwary knight:
Deep was the wound; heJlagger’d with the blow. Dryden.
r Them
S T A
Them revelling the Tentyrites invade.
By giddy heads andJlaggering legs betray’d:
Strange odds ! where cropfick drunkards mud engage
An hungry foe. Tate's "Juvenal.
The immediate forerunners of an apoplexy are a vertigo,
Jluggering, and lofs of memory. Arbutbnot.
2. To taint; to begin to give way.
The enemyJlacgers: if you follow your blow, he falls at
your feet; but it you allow him refpite, he will recover his
{Length Addifon.
3. To hefitate; to fall into doubt; to become lefs confident or
determined.
A man may, if he were fearful,Jlagger in this atfempt. Sbak.
HeJlaggered not at the promife of God through unbelief;
but was ftrong in faith. Rom iv. 20.
! hree means to fortify belief are experience, reafon, and
authority: of thele the mod potent is authority; for belief
upon reafon, or experience, willJlagger. Bacon.
No heret'icks defire to fpread
Their light opinions, like thefe Epicures;
For fo theirJlagg'ring thoughts are comforted,
And other mens aflent their doubt allures. Davies.
It thou confidently depend on the truth of this, without any
doubting orJlaggering, this will be accepted by God. Hamm.
But let it inward fink and drown my mind :
FaKhood (hall want its triumph : I begin
ToJlagger •> but I’ll prop my felf within. Dryden.
To Sta'cger. v. a.
1. To make to dagger; to make to reel.
That hand {hall burn in never-quenching fire,
ThatJlaggers thus my perfon. Sbakefp. Richard II.
2. To {hock; to alarm ; to make lefs deady or confident.
The quedion did at fird foJlagger me,
Bearing a date of mighty moment in’t. Sbak. Henry VIII.
When a prince fails in honour and judice, ’tis enough to
Jlagzer his people in their allegiance. L'Ejlrange.
Whofoever will read the dory of this war, will find himfelf muchJlaggered, and put to a kind of riddle. Howel.
The fhells being lodged with the belemnites, felenites, and
other like natural foffils, it was enough tofcagger a fpedfator,
and make him ready to entertain a belief that thefe were fo
too. JVocdward.
Sta'ggers. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A kind of horfe apoplexy. ‘
His horfe pad cure of the fives, dark fpoil’d with theflag¬
gers. Sbakefp. Taming of the Shrevu.
2. Madnefs; wild conduft ; irregular behaviour. Out of ufe.
I will throw thee from my care for ever
Into theflaggers, and the carelefs lapfe
Of youth and ignorance. Sbak. All's well that ends well.
Sta'gnancv. n.f [fromflagrant.] The date of being with¬
out motion or ventilation.
STA'GNANT. adj. [Jiagnans, Latin.] Motionlefs; dill; not
agitated ; not dowing ; not running.
What does the flood from putrefadion keep ?
Should it beflagrant in its ample feat,
The fun would through it fpread dedrudive heat. Blackm.
’Twas owing to this hurry and adion of the water that the
fand now was cad into layers, and not to a regular fettiement,
from a water quiet andflagrant. Woodward.
Immur’d and bulled in perpetual doth.
That gloomy dumber of theflagrant foul. Irene.
To STA'GNATE. v. n. [Jlagnujn, Latin.] To lye motion¬
lefs ; to have no courfe or dream.
The water which now arifes mud have allJlagnated at the
furface, and could never poflibly have been refunded forth
upon the earth, had not the drata been thus railed up. Woodw.
The aliment moving through the capillary tubesJlagnates,
and unites itfelf to the veflel through which it flows. Arbuthn.
Where creeping waters ooze,
Where marlhesJlagnate. Thomfor.
Stagnation, n.f. [from Jlagrate.'] Stop of courfe; cellation of motion.
As the Alps furround Geneva on all Tides, they form a vad
bafon, where there would be a condantJlagnation of vapours,
did not the north wind fcatter them from time to time. Addijcn,
To what great ends fubfervient is the wind ?
Behold, where e’er this adfive vapour flies,
It drives the clouds, and agitates the Ikies:
This fromJlagnation and corruption faves
Th’ aerial ocean’s ever-rolling waves. Blackmore’s Creation.
Staid, participial ad]eHive. [fromfay. ] Sober; grave; re¬
gular; compofed ; not wild ; not volatile.
Put thyfeif
Into a ’haviour of lefs fear, ere wildnefs
Vanquifh myJlaider fenfes. Shakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
This Teems to our weaker view,
O’erlaid with blackJlaid wifdom’s hue. Milton.
I fhould not be a perfuader to them of fludying much in the
Spring, after three years that they have well laid theii* grounds;
but to ride out, with prudent andJlaid guides, to all the quar¬
ters pt the land. Milton on Education.
S T A
I am the more at eafe in fir Roger’s family, becaufe it confifls of fober andJlaid perfons. Addifor.r.
Sta'idness. n.f. [from/laid.] Sobriety; gravity; regulai.tyj
contrariety to wildnefs.
The boiling blood of youth, fiercely agitating the fluid air,
hinders that ferenity and fixedJlaidntfs which is necelfary to fo
Tevere an intentnefs. Glanv. Scepf.
If fometimes he appears too gay, yet a Tecret gracefulnefs
of youth accompahies his writings, though thejraidnefs and
fobriety of age be wanting. Dryd. Preface to Ovid.
To STAIN, v. a. [yjlainio, Welfh, from ys and taenu.
Rhag Gwyar or Gnawd,
Afar yjlaenawd. TalieJJyn, an old Britifh poet.]
1. To blot; to fpot; to maculate.
Lend me a looking-glafs;
If that her breath will mift oxJlain the ftone,
Why then fhe lives. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
From the gafh a ftream
His armoufftain'd, ere while fo bright. Milton.
Embrace again, my fons: be foes no more,
NorJlain your country with your children’s gore. Dryden,
2. To di/grace; to fpot with guilt or infamy.
Of honour void, of innocence, of faith, cf purity.
Our wonted ornaments now foil’d and flam'd. Miltort.
St ain. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Blot; fpot; difcoloration.
Nor death itfelf can wholly waft theirJlains;
But long contradted filth ev’n in the foul remains:
The reliques of inveterate vice they wear,
And fpots of fin. Dryden s Atm
We no where meet with a more pleafing {how than what
appears in the heavens at the rifing and fetting of the fun,
which is wholly made up of thole different flairs of light that
fhew themfelves in clouds of a different fituation. Addif n.
Swift trouts diverfify’d with crimfonJlains,
And pikes, the tyrants of the waflry plains. Pope.
2. Taint of guilt or infamy.
To folemn actions of royalty and juflice their fuitable orna¬
ments are a beauty : are they only in religion a Jlain? Hooker.
Our opinion, concerning the force and virtue which fuch
places have, is, I truft, without any bkmifii orJlain of herefy‘ Hcokcr.
Then heav’n and earth renew’d, fhall be made pure
To fanclity, that fhall receive „6>ain. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Ulyflcs bids his friends to caft lots; for if he had made the
choice himfelf, they whom he had rejected might have jud:ed
, it aJlain upon them for want of merit. Broome.
3. Caufe of reproach; fhame.
Hereby I will lead her that is the praife, and yet theJlain of
all womankind. Sidney.
Sta'iNER. n.f [from Jlain. 1 One who ffains; one who
^ blots,
Sta'inless. adj. [fromJlain.]
1. Free from blots or fpots.
The phenix wings are not fo rare
For faultlefs length and JlainleJs hue. Sidney.
2. Free from fin or reproach.
1 cannot love him;
Yet I fuppofe him virtuous, know him noble,
Of great eftate, of frefli and flain ’efs youth. Shakefpeare.
STAIR, n f [paejep, Saxori ; Jleghe, Dutch.] Steps by which
we rife an afcent from the lower part of a Jb.ujlding to the
upper. Stair was anciently ufed for the whole*order of fleps;
but ftair now, if it be ufed at ail, fignifies, as in Milton, only
one flight of fleps.
A good builder to a high tower will not make hisflair up¬
right, but winding almoft the full compafs about, that the
fteepnefs be the more infenfible. Sidney.
How many cowards, whofe hearts are all as falfe
Asflairs of fand, wear yet upon their chins
The beards of Hercules and frowning Mars ! Shakefpeare.
Slaver with lips as common as thtflairs
That Ynount the Capitol. Shakefp.
I would have one only goodly room above flairs, cf feme
forty foot high. " Bacon’s Ejfays.
Sir James Tirrel repairing to the Tower by night, attended
by two fetvants, flood at the flair-foot, and fent thefe two
villains to execute the murder. Bacon.
There being good flairs at either end, they never went
through each other’s quarters Clarendon*
Theflairs were fuch as whereon Jacob faw
Angels afeending and defending. Miltons Parad. Lojl.
Satan now on the lowerflair,
That fcal’d by fleps of gold to heav’n °ate,
Looks down with wonder at the fudden view
Of all this world Mikin'. Pared. Loll.
1 rcmbhng he fprings,
As terror had increas’d his feet with wings;
Nor flaid lorflairs; but down the depth he threw
^His body : on his back the door he drew. Dryd-n.
S 1 a ircase. n. f. [flair and cafe.] The part of a fabrick that
contains the flairs. *
25 A To
I
ST A S T A
Xo make a completeJlaircafe is a curious piece of arclntenure. Wotton.
I cannot forbear mentioning aJlaircafe, where the eafinefs of
the afcent, the difpofition of the lights, and the convenient
landing, are admirably contrived. Addifon on Italy.
Stake, n.f. [ytaca, Saxon; Jlaeck, Dutch; ejlaca, Spanifh.J
1. A poll or ftrong flick fixed in the ground.
The more I (baked theJlake, which he had planted in the
ground of my heart, the deeper (till it funk into it. Sidney.
His credit in the world might (land the poor town in great
ftead, as hitherto their minifters foreign eftimation hath been
the beftJlake in their hedge. Hooker.
He wanted pikes to fet before his archers;
Inftead whereof (harpJlakes, pluckt out of hedges,
They pitched in the ground. Shakejp. Henry VI.
In France the grapes that make the wine grow upon low
vines bound to fmall Jlakes, and the railed vines in arbors
make but verjuice. Bacon's Natural HJlory.
Or fharpenJlakes, or head the forks, or twine
The fallow twigs to tie the draggling vine. Dryden.
2. A piece of wood.
While he whirl’d in fiery circles round ~i
The brand, a fharpen’dJlake ftrong Dryas found, C
And in the fhoulder’s joint inflidts the wound. Dryden. )
3. Any thing placed as a palifade or fence.
^ hat Kollow I fhould know : what are you, fpeak ?
Come not too near, you fall on ironJlakes elfe. Milton.
4. The poft to which a beaft is tied to be baited.
We are at theJlake,
And bay’d about with many enemies. Shakefp. Jul. Casfar.
Have you not fet mine honour at theJlake,
And baited it with all th’ unmuzzled thoughts
That tyrannous heart can think ? Sbak. Twelfth Night.
5. Any thing pledged or wagered. I know not well whence it
has this meaning.
’Tis time fhort pleafure now to take, 1
Of little life the beft to make, £
And manage wifely the laftJlake. Cowley. J
O then, what intereft (hall I make y
To fave my laft importantJlake, C
When the moft juft have caufe to quake 1 Rofcomtnon. j
He ventures little for fo great aJlake. Mire.
Th’ increafing found is borne to either fhore,
And for theirJlakes the throwing nations fear. Dryden.
The game was fo contrived, that one particular caft took
up the wholeJlake5 and when fome others came up, you laid
down. Arbuthnot.
6. The ftate of being hazarded, pledged, or wagered.
When he heard that the lady Margaret was declared, for it,
he faw plainly that his kingdom muft again be put to the-Jlake,
and that he muft fight for it. Bacon s Henry VII,
Are not our liberties, our lives,
The laws, religion, and our wives.
Enough at once to lie atJlake,
For cov’nant and the caufe’s fake ? Hudibras.
Of my crown thou too much care do’ft take;
That which I value more, my love’s atJlake. Dryden.
Hath any of you a great intereft atJlake in a diftant part of
the world ? Hath he ventured a good {hare of his fortune ? Att.
Every moment Cato’s life’s atJlake. Addif. Cato.
7. The Jlake is a fmall anvil, which ftands upon a fmall iron
foot on the work-bench, to remove as occafion offers; or elfe
it hath a ftrong iron fpike at the bottom let into fome place of
the work-bench, not to be removed. Its office is to fet fmall
cold work ftraight upon, or to cut or punch upon with the
cold chiffel or cold punch. Moxori s Mech. Exer.
To Stake, v.a. [from the noun.]
1. To faften, fupport, or defend with pofts fet upright.
Stake and bind up your weakeft plants and flowers againft
the winds, before they in a moment proftrate a whole year’s
labour. Evelyn's Kalendar.
2. To wager; to hazard ; to put to hazard.
Is a man betrayed in his neareft concerns ? The caufe is, he
relied upon the fervices of a pack of villains, who defigned
nothing but their own game, and toJlake him while they play’d
for themfelves. South.
Perfons, after their prifons have been flung open, have
chofen rather to languish in their dungeons than Jlake their
miferable lives on the fuccefs of a revolution. Addifon.
I hey durft notJlake their prefent and future happinefs on
their own chimerical imaginations. Addifon.
I’llJlake yon’ lamb that near the fountain plays,
And from the brink his dancing fhade furveys. Pope.
SIALACll I ES. n.f. [from caAa/w.]
Stalactites is only fpar in the fhape of an icicle, accidentally
formed in th,e perpendicular fiffurcs of the (tone. Woodward.
StalK ctical. adj. Refembling an icicle.
A cave was iined with thofeJlaladical ftones on the top and
^es* - Derham's Phyfco-Theology.
Stalagmites, u. f Spar formed into the fhape of drops.
Wcmlyvard's Mcth. Fff.
STALE, adj. [Jlelle, Dutch.]
1. Old ; long kept; altered by time. Stale is not ufed of perlons otherwife than in contempt.
This, Richard, is a curious cafe:
Suppofe your eyes fent equal rays
Upon two diftant pots of ale,
Not knowing which was mild orJlale;
In this fad ftate your doubtful choice
Would never have the calling voice. Prior.
A Jlale virgin lets up a fhop in a place where fbe is not
known. Spedator.
2. Ufed ’till it is of no ufe or efteem; worn out of regard or
notice.
The duke regarded not the muttering multitude, knowing
that rumours grovrJlale and vanifti with time. Playward.
About her neck a pacquet mail,
Fraught with advice, fome frefh, fome fale. Butler.
Many things beget opinion; fo doth novelty : wit itfclf, if
Jlale, is lefs taking. Grew's Coftnol.
Pompey was a perfetFb favourite of the people; but hispretenfions grew Jlale for want of a timely opportunity of intro¬
ducing them upon the ftage. Swift.
They reafon and conclude by precedent,
And ownJlale nonfenfe which they ne’er invent. Pope.
Stale, n.f. [from ptaelan, Saxon, to fteal.]
1. Something exhibited or offered as an allurement to draw others
to any place or purpofe.
His heart being wholly delighted in deceiving us, we could
never be warned; but rather one bird caught, ferved for aJlale
to bring in more. Sidney.
Still as he went he craftyJlales did lay.
With cunning trains him to entrap unwares;
And privy fpials plac’d in all his way.
To weet what courfe he takes, and how he fares. Fa. £ju.
. The trumpery in my houfe bring hither,
ForJlale to catch thefe thieves. Shakefp. Tmpejl.
Had he none elfe to make aJlale but me ?
I was the chief that rais’d him to the crown,
And I’ll be chief to bring him down again. Shakef. /AVI.
A pretence of kindnefs is the univerfalJlale to all bafe projedfs: by this men are robbed of their fortunes, and women
of their honour. Government ofthe Tongue.
It may be a vizor for the hypocrite, and aJlale for the am¬
bitious. Decay of Piety.
This eafy fool muft be myJlale, fet up
To catch the people’s eyes ; he’s tame and merciful;
Him I can manage. Dryden s Don Sebafiian.
2. In Shakefpeare it feems to fignify a proftitute.
I (land difhonour’d, that have gone about
To link my dear friend to a commonJlale. Shakefpeare.
3. [FromJlale, adj.] Urine; old urine.
4. Old beer; beer fomewhat acidulated,
5. [Stele, Dutch, a ftick.] A handle.
It hath a longJlale or handle, with a button at the end for
one’s hand. • Mortimer's Husbandry.
To Stale, v.a. [from the adje&ive ] To wear out; to
make old.
Age cannot wither her, nor cuftomJlale
Her infinite variety. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Were I a common laugher, or did ufe
ToJlale with ordinary oaths my love
To every new proteftor. Shakefp. Julius Cwfar.
A barren-fpirited fellow, one that feeds
On abjeft orts and imitations ;
Which, out of ufe, and Jlal'd by other men,
Begin his fafhion. Shakefp. Julius Crefer.
To Stale, v.n. [from the noun.] To make water.
Having ty’d his beaft t’a pale,
And taken time for both toJlale. Hudibras.
Stately, adv. [fromJlale.'] Of old; longtime.
All your promis’d mountains
And feas I am foJlalely acquainted with. Ben. Johnfn.
Sta'leness n.f [fromJlale.~\ Oldnefs; ftate of being long
kept; ftate of being corrupted by time.
T he beer and wine, as well within water as above, have
not been palled ; but fomewhat better than bottles of the fame
drinks and Jlalenefs, kept in a cellar. Bacon's Nat. Hijlory.
Provided our landlord’s principles were found, we did not
take any notice of the Jlalenefs of his provifions. Addifon.
To STALK. v.n. [ptealcan, Saxon.]
I. To walk with high and fuperb fteps. It is ufed commonly in
a fenfe of diflike.
His monftrous enemy
With fturdy fteps cameJlalking in his fight. Fairy fhieen.
Shall your city call us lord,
In that behalf which we challeng’d it ?
Or (hall we give the fignal to our rage,
AndJlalk in blood to our pofleffion? Shakefp. K. John.
Unfold th’ eternal door:
You fee before the gate whatJlalking ghoft
Commands the guard, wbat fentries keep the poft. Dryden.
Bertran
S T A
J
Bertran
Stalks clofe behind her, like a witch’s fiend
Preffing to be employ’d. Dryderis Spanijh Fryar.
They pafs their precious hours in plays and fports,
’Till death behind cameJialking on unfeen. Dryden.
With manly mien hz/talk'dalong the ground ;
Nor wanted voice bely’d, nor vaunting found. Dryden.
Thenfalling through the deep
He fords the ocean, while the topmoft wave
Scarce reaches up his middle fide. Addifon.
’Tis not tofalk about, and draw frefh air
From time to time. Addifon s Cato.
Vexatious thought ftill found my flying mind.
Nor bound by limits, nor to place confin’d ;
Haunted my nights, and terrify’d my days ;
Stalk'd through my gardens, and purfu’d my ways*
Nor fhut from artful bow’r, nor loft in winding maze, Pri,
Scornful turning from the fhore
My haughty ftep, IJialk'd the valley o’er. Pope's Odyjfey.
2.I o walk behind a ftalking horfe or cover.
1 he king afked how far it was to a certain town : they faid
fix miles. Half an hour after he afked again : one faid fix
miles and a half. 7'he king alighted out of his coach, and
crept under the fhoulder of his led horfe: and when fome afked
his majefty what he meant, ImuftJialk, faid he; for yonder
town is fhy, and flies me. Bacon's Apophthegms.
Stalk, n.f. [from the verb ]
J. High, proud, wide, and ftately ftep.
Behind it forth there leapt
An ugly fiend, more foul than difmal day;
The which with monftrous fall behind him ftept,
And ever as he went due watch upon him kept. Fa. fhieen.
Great Milton next, with high and haughtyy/«//L,
Unfetter’d in majeftick numbers walks. Addifon.
2. [Stele, Dutch.] The item on which flowers or fruits grow.
A flock-gillyflower, gently tied,on a ftick, put into a fteep
glafs full of quickfilver, fo that ti e quickiilver cover it; after
five days you will find the flower frefh, and the Jialk harder
and lefs flexible than it was. Bacon.
Small ftore will ferve, where ftore.
All feafons, ripe for ufe hangs on thejlalk. Mi'ton.
That amber attracts not bafil is wholly repugnant unto
truth ; for if the leaves thereof, or dried folks, be ftripped unto
fmall ftraws, they arife unto amber, wax, and other eledlricks,
no otherways than thofe of wheat and rye. Brown.
Rofes unbid, and ev’ry fragrant flow’r,
Flew from ihelrJialks to ftrew thy nuptial bow’r. Dryden.
3. The ftem of a quill.
Viewed with a glafs, they appear made up of little bladders,
like thofe in the plume orj,talk of a quill. Grew.
Stal'kinghorse. n.f. [Jialking and horfe.} A horfe either
real or fictitious by which a fowler fhelters himfelf from the
fight of the game ; a mafk ; a pretence.
Let the counfellor give counfel not for fa&ion but for con¬
fidence, forbearing to make the good of the ftate theJialkinghorfe of his private ends. Hakewill on Providence.
Hypocrify is the devil’sftalkinghorfe, under an affe&ation of
fimpheity and religion. L'Ejlrange.
Sta'lky. adj. [fromJialk.] Hard like a ftalk.
It grows upon a round ftalk, and at the top bears a great
Jlalky head. Mortimer.
STALL, n.f. [peal, Saxon; fal, Dutch; Jlalla, Italian.]
1. A crib in which an ox is fed, or where any horfe is kept in
the liable.
A herd of oxen then he carv’d, with high rais’d heads,
forg’d all
Of gold and tin, for colour mixt, and bellowing from their
flail,
Rulht to their paftures. Chapmans Iliad.
Duncan’s horfes.
Beauteous and fwift, the minions of the race.
Turn’d wild in nature, broke t\\dixfalls, flung out,
Contending ’gainft obedience. Shakef Macbeth.
Solomon had forty thoufand Jialls of horfes. 1 Kings iv.
His fellow fought what lodging he could find ;
At laft he found osfall where oxen ftood. Dryden.
2. A bench or form where any thing is fet to fale.
Stalls, bulks, windows,
Are fmother’d up, leads fill’d, and ridges hors’d
With variable completions; all agreeing
In earneftnefs to fee him. Shakefp. CorioJanus.
They are nature’s coarfer wares that lie on theflail, expofed
to the tranfient view of every common eye Glanv.
BefsHoy firft found it troublefome to bawl,
And therefore plac’d her cherries on a Jail. King.
How pedlarsflails with glitt’ring toys are laid.
The various fairings of the country maid. Gay.
Harley, the nation’s great fupport,
Returning home one day from court,
Obferv’d a parfon near Whitehall,
Cheap’ning old authors on a fall. Swift.
S T A
3. [Stall, Swedifh; jlal, Armorick.] A fmall houfe or fhed m
which certain trades arepratifed.
All thefe together in one heap were throwfi,
Like carcafes of beafts in butcher’sfall;
And in another corner wide were ftrown
The antique ruins of the Roman’s fall. Fairy ffiieen.
4. The feat of a dignified clergyman in the choir.
The pope creates a canon beyond the number limited, and
commands the chapter to affign unto fuch canon a fall in the
choir and place in the chapter. Ayliffe's Parergon.
The dignified clergy, out of mere humility, have called their
thrones by the names offalls. fTarburton.
To Stall, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To keep in a flail or liable.
For fuch encheafon, if you go nie,
Few chimneys reeking you will efpy ;
I he fat cx, that wont ligg in the flail,
Is now laft failed in his crumenal. Spcnfer’s Paforals.
For my part, he keeps me ruftically at home J, or, to fpeak
more properly, fties me here at home unkept: for call you
that keeping, for a gentleman of my birth, that differs not
from thefalling of an ox ? Shakefpeare.
Nifus the foreft pafs’d,
And Alban plains, from Alba’s name fo call’d,
Where king Latinus then his oxen flail'd. Drydern
2. [For infallf\ To inveft.
Long may’ll thou live to wail thy childten’s lofs;
And fee another as I fee thee now,
Deck’d in thy rights, as thou art fail'd in mine. Shakefp.
To Stall, v. n.
1. To inhabit; to dwell.
We could notfalltogether in the world. Shakefpearec
2. To kennel.
Sta'llfed. adj. [fall and fedf\ Fed not with grafs but dry
feed.
Staffed oxen, and crammed fowls, are often difeafed in
their livers. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Sta'llworn. adj. [fall and wom.~\ Long kept in the liable.
But it is probably a miftake for flalworth, [papelyep’5, Saxon,
flout. ]
His fallworn Heed the champion llout beftrode. Shakefp.
Sta'llion. n.f. [yfdalwyn,, an old Welch word: the one is
derived from the other; but which from which I cannot cer¬
tainly tell. JVotton. Efallion, French; fallcne, Italian; falhengf, Dutch. Junius thinks it derived from pttelan, to leap.]
A horfe kept for mares.
The prefent defe&s arc breeding without choice of fallions
in lhape or fize. Temple*
It fleet Dragon’s progeny at laft
Prove jaded, and in frequent matches call.
No favour for theJlallion we retain.
And no refpedt for the degen’rate ftrain. Dryden.
I will not alk him one of his Egyptians ;
No, let him keep ’em all for Haves andfallions. Dryden
STA'MINA. n.f. [Latin.] /
1. 7’he firft principles of anything.
2. The folids of a human body.
3. [In botany.] Thofe little fine threads or capillaments which
grow up within the flowers of plants, encompaffing round the
ftyle, and on which the apices grow at their extremities.
Sta'mineous. adj. [Jlamineus, Latin,]
1. Confifting of threads.*
2. Stamineous flowers.
Stamineous flowers are fo far imperfetft as to Want thofe
coloured leaves which are called petala, and confift only of the
ftylus and the llamina ; and fuch plants as do bear thefeJiamineous flowers Ray makes to conllitute a large genus of plants:
thefe he divides into fuch as, firft, have their fruit or feed to¬
tally divided from the flower; and thefe are fuch plants as arc
faid to be of different foxes: the reafon of which is, that from
the faid feed fome plant fhall arife with flowers and no fruit,
and others with fruit and no flowers; as hops, hemp, ftinmny;
nettles. 2. Such as have their fruit only a little disjointed
from their flowers ; as the ricinus, and the heliotropium triconon. 3. Such as have their fruit immediately contiguous,
or adhering to their flower. 4. Such whofe flowers adhere to
the top or uppermoft of the feed; as the beta, afarum. and
^ alchimilla.
Sta'mmel. n.f. Of this word I know not the meaning-.
Reedhood, the firft that doth appear
Infammel: fcarlet is too dear. Ben. Johnfon.
To STA'MMER. v. n. [pamej-t, a ftammerer, Saxon; fameleu, famerer/, to Hammer, Dutch.] To fpeak with unna¬
tural heiitation ; to utter words with difficulty.
Sometimes to her news of myfelf to tell
I go about; but then is all my heft
Wry words, andfamniring, or elfe doltifh dumb:
Say then, can this but of enchantment come ? * Sidney.
I would thou could'ftjlammer, that thou might’ll pour out
o t iy mouth, as wine comes out of a narrow-mouth’d bottle,
either too nyrch at once, or none at all. Shakefpeare.
4 Jsbe
S T A S T A
Shefattimers; oh what grace in lifping lies!
If fhe fays nothing, to be fure flic’s wife. Dryden.
Lagean juice,
Whichfaminering tongues and flagg ring feet produce. Dryd.
Cornelius hoped he would come to fammer like Demofthenes. Arbuthn. Mart Scrib.
Your hearers would rather you fliould be lefs correct, than
perpetually ftamrr.enng, which is one of the woift folecifms
in rhetorick. Swift.
Sta'mmerer. n.f. [from fammer.] One who fpeaks with
hefitation. .
A fammerer cannot with moderation hope for the gift of
tongues, or a peafant to become learned as Origen. Taylor.
To STAMP, v. a. [Jlampen, Dutch ; flamper, Danilh.]
' i. To ftrike by preffing the foot haftily downwards.
If Arcite thus deplore
His fuff’rings, Palamon yet fullers more:
He frets, he fumes, he flares, heJtamps the ground;
The hollow tow’r with clamours rings around. Dryden.
2. To pound ; to beat as in a mortar.
I took the calf you had made, burnt it with fire, andIJlamped
and ground it very final!. Deutr. ix. 21.
Some apothecaries, upon famping of coloquintida, have
been put into a great fcouring by the vapour only. Bacon.
3. [EJlamper, P'rench; Jiampare, Italian; efantpar, Spanifh.j
To imprefs with fome mark or figure.
Height of place is intended only tofamp the endowments
of a private condition with luftre and authority. South.
Here fwells the fhelf with Ogilby the great;
There, famp'd with arms, Newcaflle fhines complete.
Pope.
4. To fix a mark by impreffing it.
Out of mere ambition, you have made
Your holy hat be fampt op the king’s coin. Shakefpeare.
Thefe prodigious conceits in nature fpring out of framing
abftradled conceptions, infiead of thofe eafy and primary no¬
tions which naturefamps alike in all men of common fenfe.
Digby on Bodies.
There needs no pofitive law or fan&ion of God toJlamp an
obliquity upon fuch a difobedience. South's Sermons.
No conant reafon of this can be given, but from the na¬
ture of man’s mind, which hath this notion of a deity born
with it, andfamped upon it; or is of fuch a frame, that in
the free^ufe of itfelf it will find out God. Tillotfon.
Though God has given us no innate ideas of himfelf,
though he has fampt no original characters on our minds,
wherein we may read his being; yet having furnifhed us with
thofe faculties our minds are endowed with, he hath not left
himfelf without witnefs. Locke.
Can they perceive the impreffions from things without, and
be at the fame time ignorant of thofe characters which nature
herfelf has taken care toftamp within ? Locke.
What titles had they had, if nature had not
Strove hard to thruft the worft deferving firft.
AndJlamp'd the noble mark of elderfhip
Upon their bafer metal ? Rowe's Ambitious Stepmother.
What an unfpeakable happinefs would it be to a man en¬
gaged in the purfuit of knowledge, if he haJ but a power of
Jlamping his beft fentiments upon his memory in indelible
characters? Watts.
5. To make by impreffing a mark.
If two penny weight of filver, marked with a certain impreffion, fhall here in England be equivalent to three penny
weight marked with another impreffion, they will not fail to
Jlamp pieces of that fafhion, and quickly carry away your
filver. Locke.
6. To mint; to form; to coin. '
We are baftards all;
And that molt venerable man, which
I did call my father, was I know not where
When I wasJlampt. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To Stamp, v. n. To ftrike the foot fuddenly downward.
What a fool art thou,
A ramping fool, to brag, toJlampt and fwear.
Upon my party ! Thou cold-blooded (lave.
Haft thou not fpokelike thunder on my fide ? Shakefpeare.
The men fhall howl at the noife of thefamping of the hoofs
of his ftrong horfes. Jer. xlvii. 3.
There is fuch an echo among the old ruins and vaults, that,
if you /lamp but a little louder than ordinary, you hear the
found repeated. Acldfon s Spectator,
He cannot bear th’aftonifhing delight.
But ftarts, exclaims, andfarr.ps, and raves and dies. Dennis.
They got to the top, which was flat and even, andJlamping
upon it, they found it was hollow. Gulliver's Travels.
Stamp. n. f. [ejlampe, French ; Jlampa, Italian ]
j. Any inftrument by which a hollow impreffion is made.
Some other nymphs, with colours faint
And pencil flow, may Cupid paint,
And a weak heart in time deftroy;
She has aJlampt and prints the boy. _ Waller.
’Tis gold fo pure,
It cannot bear the /lamp without allay. Dryden.
2. A mark fet on any thing ; impreffion.
That facred name gives ornament and grace.
And, like hisfan,p, makes bafeft metals pafs:
’Twere folly now a flately pile to raife.
To build a playhoufe, while you throw down plays. Dryd.
Ideas are imprinted on the memory ; fome by an objeCt affeCling the fenfes only; others, that have more than once
offered themfelves, have yet been little taken notice of; the
mind, intent only on one thing, not fettling the famp deep
into itfelf. Locke.
3. A thing marked or ftamped.
The meredefpair of furgery he cures;
Hanging a goldenfamp about their necks,
Put on with holy prayers. Shakefp. Macbeth.
4. A piClure cut in wood or metal; a picture made by impreffion ;
a cut; a plate.
At Venice they put out very curiousfamps of the feveral
edifices, which are moft famous for their beauty and magni¬
ficence. Addifon on Ita 'y.
5. A mark fet upon things that pay cuftoms to the government.
Indeed the paperfamp
Did very much his genius cramp;
And fince he could not fpend his fire.
He now intended to retire. Swift.
6. A character of reputation, good or bad, fixed upon any
thing.
The perfons here reflected upon are of fuch a peculiarfamp
of impiety, that they feem formed into a kind of diabolical
fociety for the finding out new experiments in vice South.
Where reafon or feripture is expreffed for any opinion, we
may receive it as of divine authority ; but it is not the ftrength
of our own perfuafions which can give it thatfamp. Lcke.
7. Authority; currency; value derived from any fuffrage or
atteftation.
Of the famefamp is that which is obtruded upon us, that
an adamant fufpends the attraction of the loadftone. Brown.
The common people do not judge of vice or virtue by mo¬
rality, or the immorality, fo much as by thejiamp that is fet
upon't by men of figure. L'Efrange.
8. Make; caft; form.
If fpeaking truth
In this fine age were not thought flatt’ry.
Such attribution fliould this Douglas have.
As not a foldier of this feafon’sfamp
Should go fo general current through the world. Shakefp.
When one man of an exemplary improbity charges another
of the fameJlamp in a court of juftice, he lies under the dis¬
advantage of a ftrong fufpicion. L'Efrange.
Let a friend to the government relate to him a matter of
faCt, he gives him the lye in every look; but if one of his
ownfamp fhould tell him that the king of Sweden would be
fuddenly at Perth, he hugs himfelf at the good news. Addifon.
Sta'mper. n.f. [fromfamp.~\ An inftrument of pounding.
From the ftamping-mill it pafleth through the crazing-mill;
but of late times they moftly ufe wetfampers. Carew.
Stan, among!! our forefathers, was the termination of the
fuperlative degree : fo Athelfan, moft noble; Betfan, the beft;
Leoffan, the deareft ; Wifan, the wifeft; Dunfan, the
higheft. Gibfon's Camden.
To STANCH. V. a. [efancher, French ; fagnate, Italian.] To
flop blood ; to hinder from running.
Iron or a ftone, laid to the neck, dothfanch the bleeding
of the nofe. Bacon's Natural Hifory.
Of veins of earth medicinal are terra lemnia, terra figillata,
communis, and bolus armenus; whereof terra lemnia is tfie
chief: the virtues of them are for curing of wounds',farch¬
ing of blood, and flopping of fluxes and rheums. Bacon.
Leeches, inwardly taken, fatten upon the veins, and occafion an effufion of blood, which cannot be eafilyfanched.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
He fought to hinder fighting, and aflay’d
Tofanch blood by breathing of the vein. Dryden.
To Stanch, v. n. To flop.
A woman touched the hem of his garment, and imme¬
diately her ifiuefanched. Lu. viii. 44.
Stanch, ad/. [This feems to come from the verb.]
1. Sound; fuch as will not run out.
What we endeavoured in vain may be performed by fome
virtuofo, that fhall have fancher veflels, and more iunny
days. Boyle.
2. Firm; found of principle; trufty; hearty; determined.
The Handing absurdity, without the belie! or which no
man is reckoned a1fanch churchman, is that there is a cal! shead club. Addiftt,
In politicks, I hear, you'refanch.
Directly bent again!! the French. Prior.
Eachfaunch polemick ftubborn as a rock,
Each fierce logician ftill expelling Locke,
Came whip and fpur. Dunciad.
3. Strong;
S T A S T A
3- Strong; not to be broken.
If I knew
What hoop would hold usflauncb from edge to edge
O’ th’ world, I would purfue it. Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
You will lofe their love: this is to be kept flanch, and
carefully watched. Locke.
Sta'nchion. n.f. [eflanfon, French.] A prop; a fupport.
Sta'nchless. adj. [fromflanch.] Not to be flopped.
There grows,
In my moft ill compos’d affeftion, fuch
Aflanchlefs avarice, that, were I kino-,
I lhould cut off the nobles for their lands. Shake/. Macheth.
To STAND, v.n. preterite / flood, 1 have Jlood. [panban,
Gothick and Saxon; Jlacri, Dutch; flare, Italian; eflar,
Spamfh; flare, Latin.]
1. To be upon the feet; not to fit or lie down.
2. To be not demolifhed or overthrown.
S\ hat will they then ? what but unbuild
A living temple, built by faith tofland? Milton.
3. To be placed as an edifice.
This poet’s tombflood on the other fide of Naples, which
looks towards Vefuvio. Addijon on Italy.
4. To remain ereeft; not to fall.
Chariot and charioteer lay overturn’d.
And fiery foaming fteeds: whatflood, recoil’d
O’erweary’d, through the faint fatanick hoft
Defenfive fcarce, or with pale fear furpris’d
Fled ignominious. Miltons Paradife Lofl.
5. To become ereft.
The rooted fibres rofe, and from the wound
Black bloody drops diftill’d upon the ground :
Mute, and amaz’d, my hair with horrorflood;
Fear fhrunk my fenfes, and congeal’d my blood. Dryden.
Her ha\rflood up ; convulfive rage poffefs’d
Her trembling limbs. Dryden9s Ain.
6. 1 o {top ; to halt; not to go forward.
The leaders, having charge from you tofland.
Will not go off until they hear you fpeak. Shakefl H. VI.
Sun in Gideonfland.
And thou moon in the vale of Ajalon. Milton.
Mortal, who this forbidden path
In arms prefum’ft to tread, I charge theefland.
And tell thy name. _ Dryden*s An.
7* To be at a flationary point without progrefs or regreffion.
This nation of Spain runs a race flill of empire, when all
other ftates of Chufkendomfland at a flay. Bacon.
Immenfe the pow’r, immenfe were the demand ;
Say, at what part of nature will theyfland? Pope.
8. 1 o be in a Hate of fi'rmnefs, not vacillation.
Commonwealths by virtue everflood. Davies.
Toftand or fall.
Free in thine own arbitrement it lies. Milton.
My mind on its own centreflands unmov’d,
And ftable as the fabrick of the world,
Propton itfelf. Dryden%
9. I o be in any pofture of refinance or defence.
Seeing how lothly oppofite Iflood
To his unnat’ral purpofe, in fell motion
With his prepared fword he charges home
My unprovided body. Shakefp. King Lear.
From enemies heav’n keep your majefty ;
And when theyfland againft you, may they fall. Shakefp.
10. To be in a flate of hoftility; to keep the ground.
If he wouid prefently yield, Barbarolla promifed to let him
go free ; but if he fhoulAfland upon his defence, he threatened
to make him repent his foolifh hardinefs. Knolles.
The king granted the Jews to gather themfelves together,
and fland for their life. v„p 1 r<
We are often contained tofland alone againft the ftrength
of opinion. Brown's Preface to Vulgar Errours.
It was by the fword they fhould die, if theyflood upon de¬
fence ; and by the halter, if they fhould yield. Hayward.
1'' t0 7ldd 5 n0t to % 5 not to give way.
Who before himflood fo to it ? for the Lord brought his
enemies unto him. & 1 \
o . .e hcclus xlvi.
Put on the who e armour of God, that ye mav be able to
fland againft the wiles of the devil. Eph \i n
Their lives and fortunes were put in fafety, whether'they
y(W to ,t or ran away. £Wr Henry VII.
12. I o fray ; not to fly. J
At the foldierly wordfland the flyers halted a little. Clarend.
13. To be placed with regard to rank or order.
Amongft liquids endued with this quality of relaxing, warm
'Waterflands firft. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Theology would truly enlarge the mind, were it ftudied
with that freedom and that facred charity which it teaches: let
this thereforefland always chief. IVatts.
*4* I o remain in the prefent ftate.
If meat make my brother offend, I will eat no flefh while
the worldJtanM. > Cor. viii. ,3.
1 nat lots and knaves fhould be fo vain
o Vvifh their vile refemblance may remain;
Andfland recorded, at their own requeft,
To future days a libel or a jtft. Dryden.
15.\_Eflar, Spanifh.J To be in any particular ftate; to be: em¬
phatically exprefled.
The fea,
Aw’d by the rod of Mofes fo tofltand.
Divided. Milion.
Aceomplifh what your figns forefhow:
Ifland refign’d, and am prepar’d to go. Dryden s An.
He ftruck the fnakes, andflood again
New fex’d, and ftrait recover’d into man. Addifon.
They expeCt to be favoured, whofland not poffeffed of any
one of thofe qualifications that belonged to him. Atterbwy.
Some middle prices fhew us in what proportion the value of
their landsflood, in regard to thofe of our own country. Arbuth.
God, who fees all things intuitively, does not want thefe
helps: he neitherflands in need of logick nor ufes it. Baker.
Perfians and Greeks like turns of nature found.
And the world’s vidtor flood fubdu’d by found. Pope.
Narrow capacities, imagining the great capable of being difconcerted by little occafions, frame their malignant fabies ac¬
cordingly, andfland detected by it, as by an evident mark of
ignorance. Pope’s EJJay on Blorner.
16. Not to become void ; to remain in force.
God was not ignorant that the judges, whofe fentence in
matters of controverfy he ordained fhould Jland, oftentimes
would be deceived. Hooker.
A thing within my bofom tells me,
That no conditions of our peace can fland Shakef H.TW.
I will punifh you, that ye may know that mv words fhail
furelyfland againft you for evil. Jer. xliv, 29.
My mercy will I keep for him, and my covenant fhailfland
faft with him. pf Jxxxix.
17. To confift; to have its being or effence.
hat could not make him that did the fervice perfect, as
pertaining to the confidence, which flood only in meats and
drin^s. Heb. ix. 10.
18. To be with refped to terms of a contrail.
I he hirelings fland at a certain wages. Carew
19. To have a place.
If itfland
Within the eye of honour, be affured
My purfe, my perfon, my extremeft means*
Lie all unlock'd to your occafions. Shak. Merch. of Venice.
My very enemy’s dog.
Though he had bit me, fhould haveflood that night
Againft my fire. Shakefp. King Lear.
A philofopher difputed with Adrian the emperor, and did it
but weakly: one of his friends, thatflood by, faid, Methinks
you were not like yourfelf laft day in argument with the em¬
peror ; I could have anfwered better myielf. Why, faid the
philofopher, would you have me contend with him that com¬
mands thirty legions ? Bacon.
1 his excellent man, who flood not upon the advantageground before, provoked men of all qualities. Clarendon.
Chariots wing’d
From th’ armoury of God, wherefland of old
Myriads. Milton.
We make all our addreffes to the promifes, hug and cards
them, and in the interim let the commands Jiand by negleited. _ Decay of PEty.
20. To be in any ftate at the time prefent.
Oppreft nature fleeps:
This reft might yet have balm’d thy broken fenfes,
Which Jlancl in hard cure. - Shak. King Lear.
So itflands; and this I fear at laft,
Hume’s knavery will be the dutchefs’ wreck. Shah H. VI.
Our company afiembled, I faid. My dear friends, let us
know ourfelves, and how itflande h with us. Bacon.
Gardiner was made king’s folicitor, and the patent, formerly
granted to Saint-John, Jh:d revoked. Clarendon.
Whyfland we longer fhivering under fears ? Milton.
As things nowfland with us, welbave no power to do aood
after that illuftrious manner our Saviour did. Calamys term.
21. To be in a permanent ftate.
The broil doubtful longJ/W,
As two fpent fwimmers that do clin^ tooether.
Shakefp,'eare.
Milton.
Dryden.
And choke their art
I in thy perfevering fhail rejoice,
And all the bleftfland faft.
22. To be with regard to condition or fortune.
Ifland in need of one whofe glories may
Redeem my crimes, ally me to his fame.
23. To have any particular refpeil.
Here flood he in the dark, his fharp fword out
Mumbhng ot wicked charms, conj’ring the moci’r
I °Jland s aufpicious nnftrefs. Sbahfp. King Lour.
An utter unftmablenefs difobedience has to the relation
which man medianly/W, in towards his Maker. South.
24. 1 o be without action.
25. To depend; to reft; to be fupported.
his replyflandetb all by conjectures. IVhitgifte.
25 I he
STA S T A
The prefbyterians of the kirk, lefs forward to declare their
opinion in the former point,Jland upon the latter only. Sander/.
He that will know, mult by the connexion of the proofs
fee the truth and the ground itJlands on. Locke.
26. To be with regard to ftate of mind.
Stand in awe and fin not'. commune with your own heart
upon your bed, and be {fill. Pfal. iv. 4.
I defire to be prefent, and change my voice, for I /land in
doubt of you. Gal. iv. 20.
27. To fucceed ; to be acquitted; to be fafe.
Readers, by whofe judgment 1 would Jland or fall, would
not be fuch as are acquainted only with the French and Ita¬
lian criticks. Addifon’s Spectator.
28. To be with refped to any particular.
Caefar entreats,
Not to confider in what cafe thoufand’f
Further than he is Czefar. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To heav’n I do appeal,
I have lov’d my king and common-weal;
As for my wife, I know not how it/lands. Shak. Henry VI.
29. To.be refolutely of a party.
Thecaufe muft be prefumed as good on our part as on theirs,
till it be decided who haveJlood for the truth, and who for errour. Hooker.
Shall we found him ?
I think, he willJland very ftrong with us. Shakefpeare.
Who will rife up orJland up for me againft the workers of
iniquity? Pfalmxciv. 16.
30. To be in the place ; to be reprefentative.
Chilon Faid, that kings friends and favourites were like cart¬
ing counters ; that fometimesJlood for one, fometimes for ten.
Bacon.
I will not trouble myfelf, whether thefe namesJland for
the fame thing, or really include one another. Locke.
Their language being fcanty, had no words in it to/land
for a thoufand. Locke.
31. To remain ; to be fixed.
Watch ye, Jland faft in the faith, quit you like men, be
ftrong. 1 Cor. xvi. 13*
How foon hath thy prediction, feer bleft!
Meafur’d this tranfient world, the race of time,
Till timeJland fix’d. Milton.
32. To hold a courfe.
Behold on Latian fhores a foreign prince!
From the fame parts of heav’n his navy /la?ids.
To the fame parts on earth his army lands. Dryden.
Full for the port the IthacenfiansJland,
And furl their fails, and iffue on the land. Pope's OdyJJey.
33. To have direction towards any local point.
The wand did not reallyJland to the metals, when placed
under it, or the metalline veins. Boyle.
3}. To offer as a candidate.
He Jlood to be eleCted one of the proCtors for the univerfity. Sander/on’s Life.
35. To place himfelf; to be placed.
The fool hath planted in his memory
An army of good words ; and I do know
A many fools thatJland in better place,
Garnifh’d like him, that for a trickfy word
Defy the matter. Sbakejpeare’s Merck, ofVenice.
He was commanded by the duke toJland afide and expeCt
his anfwer. Knolles’s Hijlory ofthe Turks.
\Jlood between the Lord and you, to Ihew you the Lord’s
word. Denter. v. 5.
Stand by when he is going. Swift’s Directions to the Butler.
36. To ftagnate ; not to flow.
Where Ufens glides along the lowly lands.
Or the black water ofPomptinaJlands. Dryden.
37. To be with refpeCt to chance.
Yourfelf, renowned prince, then Jlood as fair
As any comer I have look’d on.
For my affeCtion. Shakefpeare’s Merchant ofVenice.
Each thinks heJlands faireft for the great lot, and that he
is pofleffed of the golden number. Addifon’s Spectator.
He was a gentleman of confiderable praClice at the bar, ana
flood fair for the firft vacancy on the bench. Rowe.
38. To remain fatisfied.
Though Page be a fecure fool, andJland fo firmly on his
wife’s frailty, yet T cannot put oft my opinion fo eafily. Shak.
39. To be without motion.
I’ll tell you who time ambles withal, who time gallops with¬
al.—^"WhomJlands it ftill withal?—With lawyers in the va¬
cation ; for they deep between term and term? and then they
perceive not how time moves. Shakefpeare.
40. To make delay.
They will fufpeCt they (hall make but fmall progrefs, if,
in the books they read, they muftJland to examine and un¬
ravel every argument. Locke.
41. To infift; to dwell with many words, or much pertinacity.
To Jland upon every point, and be curious in particulars,
belongeth to the firft author of the ftory. 2 Maccab. ii. 30.
It is fo plain that it needeth not to befood upon. Bacon.
4 2. To be expofed.
Have I lived toJland in the taunt of one that makes fritters
of Englifh. Shakefpcare's Merry JVwes of Windfor.
43. I'o perfift ; to perfevere.
NeverJland in a lie when thou art accufed, hut afk pardon
and make amends. Taylor’s R.ule of holy Living.
The emperorJlanding upon the advantage he had got by thtf
feifure of their fleet, obliged them to deliver. Gulliver's Travels.
Hath the prince a full commiffion,
To hear, and abfolutely to determine
Of what conditions we fhallJland upon ? Shak. Henry IV.
44. To perfift in a claim.
It remains.
To gratify his noble fervice, that
Hath thusfood for his country. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
45. To adhere; to abide.
Defpair would Jtand to the fword,
To try what friends would do, or fate afford. Daniel.
46. To be confiftent.
His faithful people, whatfoever they rightly afk, the fame
fhall they receive, fo far as mayJland with the glory of God
and their own everlafting good ; unto either of which it is no
virtuous man’s purpofe to leek any thing prejudicial. Hooker.
Some inftances of fortune cannot Jland with fome others ;
but if you defire this, you muft lofe that. Taylor.
It flood with reafon that they fhould be rewarded liberally
out of their own labours fince they received pay. Davies.
Sprightly youth and clofe application will hardlyfand to¬
gether. Felton.
sJJ _
47. To Stand by. To fupport; to defend ; not to defert.
The afs hoped the dog wouldJland by him, if fet upon by
the wolf. IJEfrange.
Jf he meet with a repulfe, we muft throw offthe fox’s fkin,
and put on the lion’s: come, gentlemen, you’ll fand by me.
Dryden s Spanifh Friar.
Our good works will attend andfand by us at the hour of
death. Calatny.
48. To Stand by. To be prefent without being an actor.
Margaret’s curfe is fall’n upon our heads,
ForJlanding by when Richard kill’d her foil. Shakefpeare.
49. To Stand by. Torepofeon; to reft in.
The world is inclined to fand by the Arundelian marble.
Pope’s EJfay on Homer.
50. To Stand for. To propofe one’s felf a candidate.
How manyJlandfr confulftiips ?—three; but ’tis thought
of every one Coriolanus will carry it. Shakefpeare.
If they were jealous that Coriolanus had a defign on their
liberties when heJloodfor the confulfhip, it was but juft that
they fhould give him a repulfe. Dennis.
51. To Standfor. To maintain ; to profefs to fupport..
Thofe whichfloodfor the prefbytery thought their caufe had
more fympathy with the difeiplineof Scotland, than the hie¬
rarchy of England. Bacon.
Freedom we allfand for. Ben. Johnfon.
52. To Stand off. To keep at a diftance.
Stand off, and let me take my fill of death. Dryden.
53. To Stand off'. Not to comply.
Stand no more off.
But give thyfelf unto my fick defires. Shakefpeare.
54. To Stand off. To forbear friendfhip or intimacy.
Our bloods pour’d altogether
Would quite confound diftinction ; yetJland off
Tn differences fo mighty. Shakefpeare.
Such behaviour frights away friendfhip, and makes itfand
off'm diflike and averfion. Collier ofFriendfhip.
Though nothing can be more honourable than an acquaint¬
ance with God, weJland offfrom it, and will not be tempted
to embrace it. Atterbury.
55. To Stand rfff. To have relief; to appear protuberant or
prominent.
Picture is beft when it fandeth off, as if it were carved;
and fculpture is beft when it appeareth fo tender as if it were
painted ; when there is fuch a foftnefs in the limbs, as if not
a chifel had hewed them out of ftone, but a pencil had drawn
and ftroaked them in oil. Wotton's Architecture:
56. To Stand outl To hold refolution ; to hold a poll; not
to yield a point.
King John hath reconcil’d
Himfelf to Rome ; his fpirit is come in, -
rI hat fo food out againft the holy church. Shakefpeare.
Pomtinius knows not you,
While you (landout upon thefe traiterous terms. Ben. John.
Let not men flatter themfelves, that thougn they find it
difficult at prefent to combat and fand out againft an ill piadice; yet that old age would do that for them, which they
in their youth could never find in their hearts to do for themfelves. South’s Sermons.
Scarce can a £ood natured man refufe a compliance with
the folicitations of bis company, andfand out againft the railerv of his familiars. Rogers’s Sermons.
7 56. To
S T A S T A
57.To Stand out. Not to comply; to feccde.
Thou {halt fee me at Tullus’ face :
What, art thou ftiff? JlandJi out ? Shakefpeare.
If the ladies willJland outy let them remember that the jury
is not all agreed. Dryden.
58. To Stand out. To be prominent or protuberant.
Their eyesJland out with fatnefs. Pf. lxxiii. 7.
59. To Stand to. To ply; to perfevere.
Palinurus, cry’d aloud,
What gufts of weather from that gathering cloud
My thoughts prefage ! ere that the tempeft roars,
Stand to your tackles, mates, and ftretch your oars. Dryden.
60. To Stand to. To remain fixed in a purpofe; to abide
by a contrail or aflertion.
He that will pafs his land.
As I have mine, may fet his hand
And heart unto this deed, when he hath read ;
And make the purchafe fpread
To both our goods if he to it will ftand. Herbert.
I ftillJland to it, that this is his fenfe, as will appear from
the defign of his words. Stillingfeit.
As I have no reafon to Jland to the award of my enemies;
fo neither dare I trufl the partiality of my friends. Dryden.
61. To Stand under. To undergo; to fuftain.
If you unite in your complaints,
And force them with a conftancy, the cardinal
CannotJland under them. Shakefpeare's H. VIII.
62. To Stand up. To arife in order to gain notice.
When the accufersJlood up, he brought none accufation of
fuch things as I fuppofed. APIs xxv. 18.
63. To Stand up. To make a party.
When weJlood up about the corn, he himfelf ftuck not to
’call us the many-headed monfter. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
64. To Stand upon. To concern ; to intereft.
Does it notJland me now upon? Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
The king knowing well that itJlood him upon : by how
much the more he had hitherto protraSled the time, by fo
much the fooner to difpatch with the rebels. Bacon.
It/lands me much upon
T’ enervate this objection. Hudilras.
Does it notJland them upon, to examine upon what grounds
they prefume it to be a revelation from God. Locke.
65. To Stand upon. To value; to take pride.
Men /land very much upon the reputation of their underftandings, and of all things hate to be accounted fools: the
belt way to avoid this imputation is to be religious. Tillotfon.
We highly efteem and Jland much upon our birth, though
we derive nothing from our anceftors but our bodies ; and it
is ufeful to improve this advantage, to imitate their good ex¬
amples. Ray on the Creation.
66. To Stand upon. To infill.
A rafcally, yea—forfooth, knave, to bear a gentleman in
hand, and thenJland upon fecurity. Shakefpeare.
To Stand, v. a.
U To endure ; to refill without flying or yielding.
None durftJland him ;
Here, there, and every where, enrag’d he flew. Shakefpeare.
Lovejlood the fiege, and wou’d not yield bis breaft. Dryd.
• Oh ! had bounteous heav’n
Bellow’d Hippolitus on Phaedra’s arms.
So had IJlood the Ihock of angry fate. Smith's Phad.ancl Hip.
Tint not for fame, but virtue’s better end,
He Jlood the furious foe, the timid friend,
The damning critick. Pope.
2. To await; to abide; to fuffer.
Bid himdifband the legions.
Submit his aStions to the publick cenfure.
AndJland the judgment of a Roman fenate. Addifon's Cato.
3. To keep; to maintain with ground.
Turning at the length, heJlood his ground.
And mifs’d his friend. Dryden.
Stand, n. f. [from the verb.]
I. Aftation ; a place where one waits Handing.
I have found you out aJland mod fit.
Where you may have fuch ’vantage on the duke.
He final 1 not pafs you. Shakejpeare’s Meafure for Meafure.
In this covert will we make a fland^
Culling the principal of all the deer. Shakefpeare.
Then from his loftyJland on that high tree,
Down he alights among the fportful herds. Milton.
The princely hierarch
In their brightJland there left his pow’rs, to feize
Pofleflion of the garden. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
The male bird, whilfl the hen is covering her eggs, gene¬
rally takes his Jland upon a neighbouring bough and diverts
her with his fongs duiing her fitting. Addifon's Spectator.
I took my Jland upon an eminence which was appointed
for a general rendezvous of thefe female carriers, to look into
their feveral ladings. AddiJ'on s Spectator.
Three perfons entered into a confpiracy to aflaflinate Timolcon, as he was offering up his devotions in a certain temple ;
in order to it they took their feveralJlands in the mofl con¬
venient places. Addifon.
When juft as by her /land Arfaces paft.
The window by defign or chance fell down,
And to his view expos’d her blufhing beauties. R ive.
The urchin from his privattfland
Took aim, and {hot with all his ftrength. Suift.
7. Rank; poft; ftation.
Father, fince your fortune did attain
So high aJland; I mean not to defeend. Daniel.
3. A Hop; a halt.
A race of youthful and unhandled coIt3
Fetching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing;
If any air of mufick touch their ears,
You {hall perceive them make a mutualJland;
Their favage eyes' turn’d to a modeft gaze. Shakefpeare.
The earl of Northampton followed the horfe fo clofely,
that they made aJland, when he furioufly charged and routed
them. Clarendon.
Once more the fleeting foul came back,
T’ infpire the mortal frame,
And in the body took a d< ubtfulJland,
Hov’ring like expiring flame,
That mounts and falls by turns. Dryden.
At every turn file ma e a little Rand,
And thruft among the thorns her lily hand
To draw the rofe. Dryjn.
4. Stop ; interruption.
The greateft part of trade is driven by young merchants,
upon borrowing at intereft; fo as, if the ufurer either call in,
or keep back his money, there will enfue prefently a great
Jland of trade. Bacon.
Should this circulation ceafe, the formation of bodies would
be at an end, and nature at a perfectjland, Woodward.
5. The adt of oppofing.
We are come off
Like Romans ; neither foolifli in ourJlundy
Nor cowardly in retire. Shakefpeare.
6. Higheft mark,; ftationary point; point from which the next
motion is regreflive.
Our foils but the fame things can vvifh and do.
Vice is atJland and at the higheft flow :
Then, fatire, fpread thy fails; take all the winds can blow.
Dryden.
In the beginning of fummer the days are at a Jland, with
little variation of length or fliortnefs; becaufe "the diurnal
variation of the fun partakes more of a right line than of a
fpiral. Dryden.
The fea, fince the memory of all ages, hath continued at a
Jlandy without confiderahle variation. Bentley.
7. A point beyond which one cannot proceeJ.
Every part of what we would,
Muft make aJland at what your highnefs will. Shakefpeare.
When Lm’d Varelfl this little wonder drew.
Flora vouchfav’d the growing work to view;
finding the painter’s ficience at aftand,
The goddefs 1'natch’d the pencil from his hand :
And finifhing the piece, fhe fmiling faid,
Behold one work of mine that ne’er ftvall fade. Prior.
8. D {Acuity; perplexity ; embaraifment; hefitation.
A fool may fo far imitate the mein of a wife man, 2s at
firft to put a body to aJland what to make of him. L'Ejiranve.
I he well-ftiap’d changeling is a man, has a rational foul, tho*
it appear not: this is paft doubt. Make the ears a little longer,
then you begin to boggle: make the face yet narrower, and
then you are at aJland. Locke.
9. A frame or table on which veflels are placed.
Such fquires are only fit for country towns,
To ftink of ale, and dull aJland with clowns;
Who, to be chofen for the land’s protestors,
Tope and get drunk before the wife eleSlors. Dryden.
After fupper aJland was brought in, with a brafs veflel full
of wine, of which he that, pleas’d might drink; but no liquour was forced. Dryden's Life tfCleomenes
SI A'NDARD. n. f. [ejlendart, French.]
1. An enfign in war, particularly the enfign of the horfe.
His armies, in the following day,
On thofe fair plains theirJlandards proud difplay. Fairfax.
EreSl the flandard there of ancient night,
Yours be the advantage all, mine the revenge. Milton.
Behold Camillus loaded home,
With Jlandards well redeem’d and foreign foes o’ercome.
To their commonJlandard they repair •
The nimble horfemen fcour the fields of air Dryden
2. [FromyW.J That which is of undoubted authority /that
which is the teft of other things of the fame kind.
Hie dogmatift gives the lie to all diflenting apprehenders,
and proclaims his judgment the fitteft intellectual ftanclard.
GlanviVe.
The
S T A
The heavenly motions arc more Hated than the terreftrial
models, and are both originals and flandards. Holder.
"1 hefe are our meafures of length, but I cannot call them
flandards; forJiandard meafures mult be certain and fixed.
Holder on Time.
When people have brought the quellion of right and wrong
to a falfe Jiandard, there follows an envious malevolence.
L'Ejlrange.
The Romans made thofe times theJiandard of their wit,
when they fubdued the world. Sprat.
From thefe ancientflandards I defcend to our own hifforians. Felton.
When I lhall propofe the Jiandard whereby I give judg¬
ment, any may eafily inform himfelf of the quantity and meafure of it. • Woodward.
The court which ufed to be theJiandard of propriety, and
corredtnefs of fpeech, ever fince continued the worft fchool in
England for that accomplilhment. Swift.
Firft follow nature, and your judgment frame.
By her juftJiandard which is ftill the fame. Pope.
3. That which has been tried by the proper teft.
The Englilh tongue, if refined to a certainJiandard, per¬
haps might be fixed for ever. Suift.
In comely rank call ev’ry merit forth ;
Imprint on ev’ry a£t itsJiandard- worth. Prior.
4. A fettled rate.
That precife weight and finenefs, by law appropriated to
the pieces of each denomination, is called the Jiandar d. Locke.
The device of King Henry VII. was profound in making
farms of aJiandard, that is, maintained with fuch a proportion
of lands as may breed a fubjedt to live in convenient plenty.
Bacon.
A Jiandard might be made, under which no horfe fhould be
ufed tor draught: this would enlarge the breed of horfes. Temp.
By the prefentJiandard of the coinage, fixty two {hillings
is coined out of one pound weight of filver. Arbuthnot.
5. A Handing Item or tree. •
AJiandard of a damalk rofe with the root on, was fet up¬
right in an earthen pan, full of fair water, half a foot under
the water, the Jiandard being more than two foot above it.
Bacon s Natural HiJlory.
Plant fruit of all forts andJiandard, mural, or fhrubs which
lofe their leaf. Evelyn s Kalender.
In France part of their gardens is laid out for flowers,
others for fruits ; fomeJlandards, fome againft walls. Temple.
Sta'ndardbearer. n.f. [Jiandard and bear.] One who
bears a ftandard or enfign.
They (hall be as when aJlandardbearer fainteth. Ifa. x. 18.
Thefe are theJlandardbearers in our contending armies, the
dwarfs and fquires who carry the impreffes of the giants or
knights. Spectator.
Sta'ndcrop. n. f An herb. Ainfivortb.
Sta'ndel. n. f. [fromjland.] A tree of long Handing.
The Druinians were nettled to fee the princelyJtandel of
their royal oak return with a branch of willows. Howel.
STAAMDER. n.f. [fromJland.]
1. One who Hands.
2. A tree that has Hood long.
The young fpring was pitifully nipt and over-trodden by
very beafts; and alfo the faireflJlanders of all were rooted up
and cafl into the fire. Afchams Scboolmajler.
3. Stances by. One prefent; a mere fpeffator.
Explain fome Hatute of the land to theJlanders by. Hooker.
I would not be a fiander by to hear
My fovereign miflrefs clouded fo, without
My prefent vengeance taken. Sbakefpeare.
When a gentleman is difpofed to fwear, it is not for any
Jlanders by to curtail his oaths. Sbakefpeare’s Cymbeline.
Thejlanders by fee clearly this event,
All parties fay, they’re fure, yet all diflent. Denham.
Thejlanders by fufpedted her to be a duchefs.. Addifon.
Sta'ndergrass. n. f. An herb. Ainjworth.
Sta'nding. part.adj. [fromJland.] 1
1. Settled ; eftablifhed.
Standing armies have the place of fubjedls, and the govern¬
ment depends upon the contented and difcontented humours of
the foldiers. Temple.
Laugh’d all the pow’rs who favour tyranny,
And all the Jlanding army of the fky. Dryden.
Money being looked upon as theJlanding meafure of other
commodities, men confider it as aJlanding meafure, though
when it has varied its quantity, it is not fo. Locke.
Such a one, by pretending to diftinguifh himfelf from the
herd, becomes a Jlanding objedt of raillery. Addifon.
T he commonJlanding rules of the gofpel are a more power¬
ful means of conviftion than any miracle. Atterbury.
GreatJlanding miracle that heav’n affign’d !
’T is only thinking gives this turn of mind. Pope.
2. Lafling; not tranfitory.
The landlord had fwelled his body to a prodigious fize, and
S T A
worked up his complexion to aJlanding crimfon by his zeal.
Addifon's Freeholder.
3. Stagnant; not running.
He turned the wildernefs into aJlanding water. Pfal. cvii.
This made their flowing {brink
From Jlanding lake to tripping ebb. lAilton.
4. Placed on feet.
There’s his chamber.
HisJlanding bed and truckle bed. Sbakefpeare.
Sta'nding. n f. [fromJland.]
1. Continuance; long poffeffion of an office, character, or
place.
Nothing had been more eafy than to command a patron of
a longJlanding. Dryden.
Although the ancients were of opinion that Egypt was for¬
merly fea; yet this tradf of land is as old, and of as long a
Janding as any upon the continent of Africa. JVoodward.
I wifli your fortune had enabled you to have continued long¬
er in the univerfity, till you were often years /landing. SwiJi.
2. Station; place to Hand in.
Such ordnance as lie brought with him, becaufe it was fit¬
ter for fervice in field than for battery, did only beat down the
battlements, and fuch little{landings. Knolles's Hijl. ofthe Turks.
His coming is in Hate, I will provide you a goodfunding to
fee his entry. Bacon.
3. Power to Hand.
I link in deep mire, where there is noJlanding. Pfal. ixix.
4. Rank; condition.
How this grace
Speaks his ownJlanding ? what a mental power
This eve fhoots forth ? how big imagination
Moves in this lip. Sbakefpeare's Timon of Athens.
5. Competition ; candidatefhip.
His formerJlanding for a prodfor’s place, and being difappointed, mufl prove much difpleafing. Walton.
Sta'ndish. n.f. [fand and dijh.] A cafe for pen and ink.
A grubfireet patriot does not write to fecure, but get fomething: fltould the government be overturned he has nothing
to lofe but an old /tandifo. Addifon.
1 bequeath to Dean Swift efq; my large filverJlandijb, comfifting of a large filver plate, an ink-pot, and a fand-box. Swift.
Stang. n.f. [ptasnj, Saxon.J A perch.
Thefe fields were intermingled with woods of half a Jiang,
and the tallefi tree appeared to be feven feet high. 1SwiJi.
Stank, adj. Weak ; worn out.
Diggon, I am fo ftiff and foflank.
That unneth I may Hand any more,
And how the weftern wind bloweth fore,
Beating the withered leaf from the tree. Spenfer.
Stank. The preterite ofJlink. '
The fifti in the river died, and the river/WE Exod. vii.
Sta'nnary. adj. [from fannum, Latin.] Relating to the
tinworks.
A fteward keepeth his court once every three weeks: they
ate termedJlannary courts of the LatinJlannum, and hold plea
of a&ion of debt or trefpafs about white or black tin. Carew.
Sta'nza. n.f. [ flanza, lta\. Jlance, Fr.] A number of lines
regularly adjufted to each other ; fo much of a poem as contains
every variation of meafure or relation of rhyme. Stanza is
originally a room of a hcufe, and came to fignify a fubdivifion of a poem ; a ftaff.
Horace confines himfelf ftridily to one fort ofverfe orflanza
in every ode. Dryden.
In quatrains, the laft line of the flanza is to be confidered
in the compofition of the firft.
Eefore his facred name flies ev’ry fault.
And each exaltedJlanza teems with thought.
Staple, n.f. [e/lape, Fr./lapel, Dutch]
1. A fettled mart; an eftablifhed emporium.
AJlaple ofromance and lies,
Falfe tears, and real perjuries.
The cuftoms of Alexandria were very great, it having heen
theJlaple of the Indian trade. Arbuthnot on Coins.
I yre, Alexander the Great backed, and eftablifhing the
Jlaple at Alexandria, made the greateft revolution in trade that
ever was known. Arbuthnot.
2. I know not the meaning in the following paflage.
Henry II. granted liberty of coining to certain abbies, al¬
lowing them one /laplc, and two puncheons at a rate. Camden.
Staple, adj. [from the noun.]
1. Settled; eftablifhed in commerce.
Some Englifh wool, vex’d in a Belgian loom.
And into cloth of fpungy foftnefs made;
Did into h ranee or colder Denmark roam,
To ruin with worfe ware ourJlaple trade. Dryden.
2. According to the laws of commerce.
What needy writer would not folicit to work under fuch
mafters, who will take off their ware at their own rates, and
trouble not themfelves to examine whether it beJlaple or no ?
Swift.
Staple.
Dryden.
Pope.
Prior.
S T A ST A
Sta'ple. n.f. [j-capul, Saxon, a prop ] A loop of iron; a
bar bent and driven in at both ends.
X have fecofaplcs of doors and nails born. Pcacham.
The fdvcr ring fhe pull’d, the door rcclos’d :
The bolt, obedient to the filken cord,
To the ftrong/4>//s inmoft depth rellor’d,
Secur’d the valves. Pope's Odyffey.
STAR, n.f [freoppa, Saxon; Jlerre, Dutch.]
1. One of the luminous bodies that appear in the no&urnal fky;
Then let the pebbles on the hungry beech
Fillop thefars;
Murdering impoffibility, to make
What cannot be, flight work. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
When an aftronomer ufes the word far in its ftricft fenfe, it
is applied only to the fixtfars; but in a large fenfe it includes
the planets. JVatts.
Hither the Syracufan’s art tranflates
Heaven’s form, the courfe of things and human fates;
Th’ included fpirit ferving thefar deck’d figns.
The living work in conftant motions winds. Hakewill.
As from a cloud his fulgent head,
And fliapeJiar bright, appear’d. Milton.
2. The pole-ftar.
Well, if you be not turn’d Turk, there is no more failing
by thefar. Sbak. Much Ado about Nothing.
3. Configuration of the planets fuppofed to influence fortune.
From forth the fatal loins of thefe two foes,
A pair offar croft lovers take their life. Shakefpeare.
We are apt to do amifs, and lay the blame upon ourfars
or fortune. - L'Efrange.
4. A mark of reference ; an afterifk.
Remarks worthy of riper obfervation, note with a marginal
far. JVatts.
SrAH. of Bethlehem, n.f. [omithogalum^luztm.] A plant.
The characters are: it hath a lily-flower, compofed of fix
petals, or leaves ranged circularly, whofe centre is pofleffed by
the pointal, which afterwards turns to a roundifh fruit, which
is divided into three cells, and filled with roundifh feeds: to
which muft be added, it hath a bulbous or tuberofe root, in
which it differs from fpiderwort. Miller.
Sta'rapple. n.f. A plant.
It hath an open bell-fhaped flower, confiding of one leaf,
and cut into feveral fegments towards the top; from whofe
cup arifes the pointal, which afterwards becomes a globular or
olive-fhaped foft flefhy fruit, inclofing a ftone of the fame
ihape. This plant grows in the warmeft parts of America,
where the fruit is eaten by way ot defert. It grows to the
height of thirty or forty feet, and has a ftrait fmooth Item, re¬
gularly befet with branches, which are adorned with leaves of
a fhining green colour on their upper fides, but of a ruffet
colour underneath : from the fetting on of the footftalks of the
leaves come out the flowers, which have no great beauty, but
are fucceeded by the fruit, which is about the fize of a large
apple, and of the fame fhape. Miller.
Sta'rboard, n.f [yceopbopb, Saxon.] Is the right-hand
fide of the fhip, as larboard is the left. Harris.
On fhipboard the mariners will not leave theirfarboardand
larboard, becaufe fome one accounts it gibrifh. Bramh.
STARCH, n.f. [fromfare, Teutonick, ftiff.] A kind of vifcous matter made of flower or potatoes, with which linen is
ftiffened, and was formerly coloured.
Has he
Diflik’d your yellowfarch, or faid your doublet
Was not exactly Frenchified. Fletcher's Ahieen of Corinth.
Withfarch thin laid on, and the fkin well ftretched, pre¬
pare your ground. Peacham on Drawing.
To Starch, v. a. [from the noun.] To ftiffen with ftarch.
Her goodly countenance I’ve feen
Set off with kerchieffarch'd and pinners clean. Gay.
Sta'rchamber, n.f. [camera ftellata, Latin.] A kind of
criminal court of equity. Now abolifhed.
I’ll make a ftarchamber matter of it: if he were twenty fir
John Falftaffs, he fhall not abufe Robert Shallow, efq; Shakef.
Sta'rch ED. adj. [from ftarch.]
j. Stiffened with ftarch.
2. Stiff; precife; formal.
Does the Gofpel any where preferibe a ftarched fqueezed
countenance, a ftiff formal gait, or a Angularity of man¬
ners. Swift.
Sta'rcher. n.f [from ftarch.] One whofe trade is to
ftarch.
Sta'rchlv. adv. [fromftarch.] Stiffly; precifely.
Sta'rchness. n.f > from ftarch.] Stiffnefs; precifenefs.
To STARE, v. n. [prapian, Saxon; fterren, Dutch.]
1.To look with fixed eyes; to look with wonder, impudence,
confidence, ftupidity, or horrour.
Her model! eyes, abafhed to behold
So many gazers, as on her doJtarey
Upon the lowly ground affixed are. Spenfer.
TheirJtaring eyes, fparkling with fervent fire,
And ugly fhapes, did nigh the man difmay,
'I hat, were it not for fhame, he would retire. Fa. Shiten:
Look not big, norfare nor fret:
I will be mailer of what is mine own. Shakefpeari.
They were never fatisfied with faring upon their mails,
fails, cables, ropes, and tacklings. Abbot.
I hear
The tread of many feet fleering this way;
Perhaps my enemies, who come to ftai e
At my affliction, and perhaps t’infult. Milton's Agoniftes.
A fatyr that comesfaring from the woods, .
Muft not at firft fpeak like an orator. JValler.
And while hefares around with llupid eyes,
His brows with berries and his temples dies. t Dryden.
What do’ft thou make a fhipboard ?
Art thou of Bethlem’s noble college free ?
Stark faring mad, that thou fhould’ft tempt the fea? Dryd.
Struggling, and wildlyfaring on the fkies
With fcarce recover’d fight. Dryden's Ain.
Trembling the mifereant flood ;
Hefar'd and roll’d his haggard eyes around. Dryden.
Break out in crackling flames to fhun thy fnare,
Or hifs a dragon, or a tygerfare. Dryden s Virgil:
Why do’ft thou not
Try the virtue of that gorgon face,
To fare me into ftatue ? Dryden.
I was unluckily prevented by the prefence of a bear, which,
as I approached with my prefent, threw his eyes in my way,
andfared me out of my refolution. Addifons Guardian*
The wit at his elbow gave him a touch upon the fhoulder,
and ftared him in the face with fo bewitching a grin, that the
whiiller relaxed his fibres. Addifn.
Narciffa
Has paid a tradefman once, to make himfare. Tope.
Gods ! fhall the ravifher difplay your hair,
While the fops envy and the ladiesfare. Pope.
Through nature and through art fhe rang’d,
And gracefully her fubjeCt chang’d :
In vain ; her hearers had no fhare
In all fhe fpoke, except to fare. Swift.
2. To Stare in theface. To be undeniably evident.
Is it poffible for people, without fcruple to offend againft
the law, which they carry about them in indelible characters,
and thatfaresthem in theface, whilft they are breaking it ? Locke.
3. To Hand out.
Takeoff all thefaring ftraws and jaggs in the hive, and
make them fmooth. Mortimer s Husbandry.
Stare, n.f. [ from the verb. ]
1. Fixed look.
The balls of his broad eyes roll’d in his head,
And glar’d betwixt a yellow and a red :
He look’d a lion with a gloomyfare>
And o’er bis eyebrows hung his matted hair. Dryden.
2. [Sturnus, Latin.] Starling. A bird.
Sta'rer. n.f. [itomfare.] One who looks with fixed eyes.
One lelf-approving hour whole years outweighs
Of ftupidfarers, and of loud huzza’s. Pope.
Sta'rfish. n.f [far and ffh.] A fifh branching out into
feveral points.
This has a ray of one fpecies of Englifhfarfijh. JVoodw.
Starga'zer. n.f. [far and gaze.] An aftronomer, or aftrologer. In contempt.
Let the aftrologers, thefargazers, and the monthly prognofticators, ftand up and fave thee. If xlvii. 13.
A fargazer, in the height of his celeftial obfervations.
Humbled into a ditch. L'Efrange.
Sta'rhawk. n.f [aftur^ Latin.] A fort of hawk. Ainjw.
STARK, adj. [ytepc, ytpac, Saxon; ferck^ Dutch.]
1. Stiff; ftrong; rugged.
His heavy head devoid of careful cark,
Whofe fenfes all were ftraight benumed andfark. Fa. £ht.
Many a nobleman liesfark and ftiff
Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies. Shakef. H. IV.
The North is not fofark and cold. Ben. Johnfon.
So foon as this fpring is becomefark enough, it breaks the
cafe in two, and flings the feed. Derham’s Phyfoo-Theology.
2. Deep; full.
Confider thefark fecurity
The commonwealth is in now ; the whole fenate
Sleepy, and dreaming no fuch violent blow. Ben. Johnfon.
3. Mere ; Ample ; plain ; grofs.
To turn fark fools, and fubjeCts fit
For fport of boys, and rabble wit. Hudibras.
He pronounces the citationfark nonfenfe. Collier.
Stark, adv. Is ufed to intend or augment the fignification of a
word: as fark mad, mad in the higheft degree. It is now
little ufed but in low language.
Then are the bell butfark naught; for open fufpedting
others, comes of fecret condemning themfelves.
The fruitful-headed beaft, amaz’d
At flafhing beams of that fun-fhiny fhicld,
Became (lark blind, and all his fenfes doz’d/
That down he tumbled.
Men and women gofark naked.
25 C
Sidney.
Spenfer.
Abbot.
He
S T A
He isfork mad, who ever fays
That he hath been in love an hour. Donne.
Thofe feditious, that l'eemed moderate before, became
defpcrate, and thofe who were delperate Teemed jlark mad ;
whence tumults, confufed hollowings and howlings. Hayw.
Who, by the moft cogent arguments, will difrobe himfelf at once of all his old opinions, and turn himfelf outJlark
naked in quell of new notions ? Locke.
In came fquire South, all dreffed up in feathers and ribbons,
Jlark flaring mad, brandifhing his fword. Arbuthnot.
Sta'rkly. aclv. [fromJlark.) Stiffly; flrongly.
As fall lock’d up in fleep as guiltlefs labour,
When it liesJiarkly in the traveller’s bones. Shakejpeare.
Sta'rless. ad], [fromfar.] Having no light of flars.
A boundiefs continent,
Dark, wade, and wild, under the frown of night,
Starlejs expos’d. Milton's Paradije Loji, l. iii.
Cato might give them furlo’s for another world;
But we, like fentries, are oblig’d to Hand
InJlarlefs nights, and wait th’ appointed hour. Dryden.
Sta'rlight. n.f [Jiar and light ] Lullre of the flars.
Now they never meet in grove or green,
By fountain clear or fpangledJiarlight fheen. Shakejpeare.
Nor walk by moon,
Or glittering Jiarlight^ without thee is fweet. Milton.
They danc’d byJiarlight and the friendly moon. Dryden.
Sta'rlight. ad]. Lighted by the flars.
Owls, that mark the fetting fun, declare
AJiarlight evening and a morning fair. Dryden's Virg.
Sta'rlike. ad]. [Jiar and like.]
1. Stellated; having various points refembling a flar in luflre.
Nightfhade-tree rifes with a wooden flem, green-leaved,
and hasJiarlike flowers. Mortimer's Husbandry.
1.Bright; illuflrious.
The having turned many to righteoufnefs fhall confer afarlike and immortal brightnefs. Boyle's Seraphick Love.
Thefe reafons mov’d herJlarlike hufband’s heart;
But flill he held his purpofe to depart. Dryden.
Sta'rling. n.f. [ptsejihnj, Saxon.] A fmall Tinging bird.
I will have aJlarling taught to fpeak
Nothing but Mortimer, and give it him.
To keep his anger flill in motion. Shak. Henry IV.
Sta'rpaved. ad]. [Jiar and pave.] Studded with flars.
In progrefs through the road of heav’nJiarpav'd. Milton.
Sta'rproof. adj. [Jiar and proof.] Impervious to flarlight.
Under the fhady roof
Of branching elm flarproof. Milton.
Star-reap. n.f. [Jiar and read.] DoClrine of the flars;
aflronomy. Spenfer.
Sta'rred. ad], [fromJiar.]
1, Influenced by the flars with refpedl to fortune.
My third comfort,
Starr'd moft unluckily, is from my breafl
Hal’d out to murder. Shakefp. Winter's Dale.
2. Decorated with flars.
Thatjlarr'dEthiop queen, that flrove
To fet her beauty’s praife above
The fea-nymphs. Milton.
He furious hurl’d againfl the ground
His fceptreJiarr'd with golden fluds around. Pope.
Sta'rry. ad], [fromJiar ]
1. Decorated w’ith flars.
Daphne wond’ring mounts on high.
Above the clouds, above the flurry Iky ! Pope.
2. Confifling of flars; flellar.
Such is his will, that paints
The earth with colours frefh.
The darkefl Ikies with flore
Of Harry lights. Spenfer.
Heav’n and earth’s compacted frame.
And flowing waters, and the ftarry flame.
And both the radiant lights, one common foul
Infpires and feeds, and animates the whole. Dryden.
3. Refembling flars.
Tears had dimm’d the luflre of her flurry eyes. Shak. Iilufl.
Sta'rring. ad]. [Jiellans, Latin; fromJiar.] Shining with
flellar light; blazing with fparkling light.
Such his fell glances as the fatal light
OfJarring comets that look kingdoms dead. Crafoarv.
Sta'rshoot. n.f. [Jiar and Jhoot.] An emiflion from a ftar.
I have feen a good quantity of thatjelly, by the vulgar called
& JiarJhoot) as if it remained upon the extinction of a falling
flar. Boyle.
To START, v. n. [farizen, German.]
1. To feel a fudden and involuntary twitch or motion of the
animal frame, on the apprehenfion of danger.
Starting is an apprehenfion of the thing feared, and in that
kind it is a motion of fhrinking; and likewife an inquifttion,
in the beginning, what the matter fhould be, and in that kind
it is a motion of ereCtion, and therefore, when a man would
liflen fuddenly to any thing, heJiarteth ; for thefarting is an
erection of the fpirits to attend. Bacon s Natural Hifiory.
S T A
A fhape appear’d
Bending to look on me; IJiarted back;
ItJ'tarted back. Shakejpeare.
IJiart as from fomcdreadful dream,
And otten afk myfdf if yet awake. Dr)den s Span. Fryar.
As his doubts decline,
He dreads juft vengeance, and heJiarts at fin. Drydtn.
ntfarts at every new appearance, and is always waking and
folicitous for fear of a furprize. Collier on Covetoujr&fs.
2. To rife fuddenly.
Charm’d by thefe firings, trees Jiarting from the^ground
Have follow’d with delight the powerful found. Rojdeynmon.
TheyJiarting up beheld the heavy fight. Dryden.
The mind often works in fearch of fome hidden idea,
though fometimes they Jlqrt up in our minds of their own
accord. Locke.
Might Dryden blefs once more our eyes,
New Blaclcmores and new Milbourns mull arifej
Nay, fhould great Homer lift h:s awful head,
Zoilus ap-ain wouldJiart up from the dead. Pope.
3. To move with fudden quicknefs.
The flowers, call’d out of their beds.
Start and raife up their drowfy heads. Cleavcland.
A fpirit fit toJiart into an empire,
And look the world to law. Dryden's Cleomenes.
She at the fummons roll’d her eyes around,
And fnatch’d theJiarting lerpents from the ground. Pope.
4. Tofhrink; to winch.
What trick, whatJiarting hole, can’fl thou find out to hide
thee from this open fliame ? Shakejp. Henry IV.
With tryal fire touch me his finger end ;
If he be chafle, the flame will back defeend,
And turn him to no pain; but if heJiart,
It is the flefh of a corrupted heart. Shakejpeare.
5. To deviate.
The lords and gentlemen take all the meaneft fort upon
themfelves; for they are beft able to bring them in, whenfoever any of themJiarteth out. Spenfer on Ireland.
I rank him with the prodigies of fame.
With things whichjiart from nature’s common rules.
With bearded infants, and with teeming mules. Creech.
Keep your foul to the work when ready toJiart afide, unlefs you will be a Have to every wild imagination. Watts.
6. To fet out from the barrier at a race.
It feems to be rather a terminus a quo than a true principle,
as theJiarting poft is none of the horfe’s legs. Boyle.
Should fome god tell me, that I fhould be born
And cry again, his offer I fhould fcorn ;
Afham’d, when I have ended well my race.
To be led back to my firftJiarting place. Denham.
When from the goal theyJiart,
The youthful charioteers with heaving heart
Rufh to the race. Dryden's Virg. Georg.
The clangor of the trumpet gives the flgn j
At once theyJiart, advancing in a line. Dryden.
7. To fet out on any purfuit.
Fair courfe of paflion, where two loversJiart,
And run together, heart flill yokt with heart. Waller.
People, when they have made themfelves weary, fet up
their reft upon the very fpot where theyJiarted. L'EJlrange.
When twoJiart into the world together, he that is thrown
behind, unlefs his mind proves generous, will be difpleafed
with the other. Collier.
To Start, v. a.
1. To alarm ; to diflurb fuddenly.
Direnefs, familiar to my flaught’rous thoughts.
Cannot onceJiart me. Shakejpeare.
Being full of fupper and diftemp’ring draughts,
Upon malicious bravery do’fl thou come
ToJiart my quiet. Shakejpeare's Othello.
The very print of a fox-foot would haveJiarted ye. L'Ejir.
2. To make to ftart or fly haftily from a hiding place.
The blood more flirs
To rouze a lion than toJiart a hare. Shakejpeare.
IJiarted from its vernal bow’r
The rifing game, and chac’d from flow’r to flow’r. Pope.
3. To bring into motion; to produce to view or notice; to pro¬
duce unexpectedly.
Conjure with ’em!
Brutus willftart a fpirit as foon as Caefar. Shakejpeare.
It was unadvifedly done, when I was enforcing a weightier
deflgn, toftart znA follow another of lefs moment. Sprat.
Infignificant cavils may befarted againfl every thing that is
not capable of mathematical demonflration. Addijon.
I was engaged in converfation upon a fubjeCl which the
people love toJiart in difeourfe. Addijons Freeholder.
4. To difeover; to bring within purfuit.
The fenfual men agree in purfuit of every pleafure they can
dart. e , TtmPUc To put fuddenly out of place.
One, by a fall in wreitling, farted the end of the clavicle
from the flernon. Wifcmans Surgery.
a Start.
S T A S T A
StaRI1. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A motion of terrour; a fudden twitch or contraction of the
frame from fear or alarm.
Thcfe flaws andJiarts would well become
A woman’s (lory at a Winter’s lire,
Authoriz’d by her grandam. Sbakefpeare.
The fright awaken’d Arcite with a ftart\
Againft his bofom bounc’d his heaving heart. Dryden.
2. A fudden roufing to aClion ; excitement.
How much had I to do to calm his rage !
Now fear I this will give itJiart again. ° Shakef. Hamlet.
3. Sally; vehement eruption ; fudden effufion.
Thou art like enough, through vaflal fear,
Bafe inclination, and thtJiart of fpleen,
To fight againft me under Percy’s pay. Sbakefpeare.
Several Jiarts of fancy off-hand, look well enough; but
bring them to the ted, and there is nothing in ’em. L'EJ1range.
Are they not only to difguife our paffions,
To let our looks at variance with our thoughts,
T o check theJiarts and faliies of the foul ? Addifon's Cato.
We were well enough pleafed with thisJiart ok thought. Add.
4. Sudden fit; intermitted adion.
Methought her eyes had croft her tongue;
For file did fpeak infarts diflracledly. Sbakefpeare.
T hy forms are ftudied arts,
Thy fubtile ways be narrow ftraits ;
Thy curtefy but fudden /larts]
And what thou call’ll thy gifts are baits. Ben. Johnfon.
Nature does nothing byJiarts and leaps, or in a hurry; but
all her motions are gradual. L’Efrange.
An ambiguous expreffion, a little chagrin, or a Jiart of
paffion, is not enough to take leave upon. ° Collier.
5. A quick fpring or motion.
In firings, the more they are wound up and drained, and
thereby give a more quick Jiart back, the more treble is the
found; and the flacker they are, or lefs wound up, the bafer is
the found. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Both caufe the firing to give a quickerJiart. Bacon.
How could water make thofe vifiblz Jiarts upon freezing,
but by fome fubtile freezing principle which as fuddenly fhoots
into it. Grew's Cojmol. Sac.
6. Firfl emiffion from the barrier; a£l of fettingout.
You Hand like greyhounds in the flips.
Straining upon the Jiart. Shakefp. Henry V.
All leapt to chariot,
And every man then for thafart call in his proper lot. Chap.
^ If a man deal with another upon conditions, theJiart of
firfl performance is all. Bacon.
7. To get the Start. To begin before anofher; to obtain ad¬
vantage over another.
Get theJiart of the majeftick world. Shakef. Jul. Caef.
All pretorian courts, if any of the parties be laid afleep, un¬
der pretence of arbitrement, and the other party, during that
time, doth cauteloufiy get theJiart and advantage at common
law, yet the pretorian court will fet back all things \njlatu
quo prius. Bacon's IVar with Spain.
Doubtlefs fome other heart
Will get theJiart]
And, flepping in before.
Will take poffeffion of the facred flore
Of hidden fweets. Crajhaw.
Ere the knight could do his part.
The fquire had got fo much theJiart,
H’ had to the lady done his errand,
And told her all his tricks aforehand. Hudihras.
She might have forfaken him, if he had not got theJiart of
^er* JD/yden's /En. Dedication.
The reafon why the mathematicks and mechanick arts have
fo much got theJiart in growth of other fciences, may be refolved into this, that their progrefs hath not been retarded by
that reverential awe of former difeoverers. Glanville.
The b rench year has got theJiart of ours more in the works
of nature than the new flile. Addifon.
Sta'rter. n.f. [from fart.] One that fhrinks from his
purpofe.
Stand to it boldly, and take quarter.
To let thee fee I am noJlarter. Hudihras.
Sta'rtingly. adv. [from farting.] By fudden fits; with
frequent intermiflion.
Why do you fpeak foJlartingly and rafh. Shak. Othello.
To Sta'rtle. v.n. [from Jiart.] Tofhrink; to move on
feeling a fudden impreffion of alarm or terrour.
The Jlartling fleed was feiz’d with fudden fright,
And bounding o’er the pommel call the knight. Dryden.
Why fhrinks the foul
Back on herfelf, andJlartles at deflru&ion ? Addif. Cato.
My frighted thoughts run back.
AndJlartle into madnefs at the found. Addifon's Cato.
ToSta'rtle. v. a. To fright; to fhock; to imprefs with
fudden terrour, furprife, or alarm.
I hey would find occafions enough, upon the account of his
known affections to the king’s fervice, from which it was not
poftible to remove oxJlartle him. Clarendon.
Wilmot had more fcruples from religion toJlartle him, and
would not have attained his end by any grofs a<St of vvickedne^s* Clarendon.
Such whifp’ring wak’d her, but withJlartlcd eye
On Adam. Miltone
To hear the lark begin his flight,
And fxngmgfartle the dull night
From his watch-tower in the fkics,
’Till the dappled dawn doth rife. Milton.
The fuppofition that angels afiume bodies needs not Jlartle
us, fince fome of the moft ancient and moll learned fathers
feemed to believe that they had bodies. Locke.
Inceft! Oh name it not!
The very mention fliakes my inmoft foul:
The gods areJlartlcd in their peaceful manfions,
And nature fickens at the fhocking found. Smith.
His books had been folemnly burnt at Rome as heretical:
fome people, he found, wereJlartled at it; fo he was forced
boldly to make reprifals, to buoy up their courage. Aiterbury.
Now the leaf
Jnceffant ruftles, from the mournful grove
OitJlartling fuch as ftudious walk below.
And flowly circles through the waving air. Thomfon.
Startle, n. f. [from the verb.] Sudden alarm ; fhock; fud¬
den impreffion of terrour.
After having recovered from my firflJlartle, I was very well
pleafed at the accident. Spectator.
Sta'rtup. n.J. [Jiart and up.] One that comes fuddenly into
notice.
That youngfartup hath all the glory of my overthrow. Sh.
To S FARVE. v. n. [pteappan, Saxon ; fcrven> Dutch, to die.]
1. I o perifh ; to be dellroyed. Obfolete.
T o her came meflage of the murderment.
Wherein her guiltlefs friends fhould hopelefsJlarvt. Fairfax.
2. To perifh with hunger. It has with orfor before the caufe,
of lefs properly.
Were the pains of honefl induftry, and ofJlarving with
hunger and cold, fet before us, no body would doubt which
•O chufe.. Locke.
An animal that Jlarves of hunger, dies feverifh and deliri°us; , Arbuthmt.
3. To be killed with cold.
Have I feen the naked ftarve for cold.
While avarice my charity controll’d ? Sandysi
4- Tofuffer extreme poverty.
Sometimes virtueftarves while vice is fed :
What then! Is the reward of virtqe bread ? Pope:
5. To be deftroyed with cold.
Had the feeds of the pepper-plant been born from Java to
thefe northern countries, they rnuft have ftarved for want of
fun* Woodward's NaturalHijlory.
To Starve, v. a.
1. To kill with hunger.
I cannot blame his coufin king,
That wifh’d him on the barren mountainsftarv'd. Shakefp,
Hunger and thirft, or guns and fwords.
Give the fame death in different words;
To pufh this argument no further,
Toftarve a man in law is murther. Prior.
If they had died through falling, when meat was at hand,
they would have been guilty of Jtarving themfelves. Pope.
2. Tofubdue by famine.
Thy defires
Are wolfifh, bloody, ftarv'd, and ravenous. Shakefpeare,
He would have worn her out by flow degrees,
As men by falling ftarve th’ untam’d difeafe. Drydeni
Attalus endeavoured to ftarve Italy, by flopping their con¬
voy of provifions from Africa. Arbuthnot on Coins.
3. To kill with cold.
From beds of raging fire to ftarve in ice
Their foft ethereal warmth, and there to pine
Immoveable, infix’d, and frozen round. Milton's Par. Loft,
4. To deprive of force or vigour.
The powers of their minds are ftarved by difufe, and have
loft that reach and flrength which nature fitted them to re¬
ceive. Locke.
Sta'rveling. n.f [from ftarve.] An animal thin and weak
for want of nourifhment.
If I hang, I’ll make a fat pair of gallows; for old fir John
hangs with me, and he’s noftarveling. Shakefpeare.
Now thy alms is giv’n, the letter’s read ; J
The body rifen again, the which was dead; C
And thy poorftarveling bountifully fed. * Donne i
The fat ones would be making fport with the lean, and
call 1 ng them ftarvelmgs. L'Eftrange.
The thronging clufters thin
By kind avulfion ; elfe thefarFling brood.
Void of fufficient fuftenancc, will yield
A fiender Autumn, PbM'ps.
Poor
S T A S T A
Poorfarveling bard, how fmall thy gains!
How unproportion’d to thy pains! Swift.
Sta'rwort. n.f [ after, Latin.] See Elecampane.
It hath a fibrous root: the leaves for the mod part intire,
and placed alternately on the branches: the (lalks are branched;
the flowers radiated, fpecious, and have a fcaly cup: the feeds
are inclofed in a downy fubftance. Miller.
Sta'tary. adj. [fromflatus, Latin.] Fixed; fettled.
The fet and fiatary times of pairing of nails, and cutting
of hair, is but the continuation of ancient fuperftition, Brown.
STATE, n.f. [Jtatus, Latin.]
1. Condition ; circumftances of nature or fortune.
1 do not
Infer as if I thought my filler’sfate
Secure. Milton.
Relate what Latium was,
Declare the paft and prefentftate of things. Dryden's /En.
Like the papifts is your poetsftatiy
Poor and difarm’d. Pope.
2. Modification of anything.
Keep the ftate of the queflion in your eye. Boyle.
3. Stationary point; crifis ; height; point from which the next
movement is regreffion.
The deer that endureth the womb but eight months, and is
compleat at fix years, cannot live much more than thirty, as
having palled two general motions; that is, its beginning and
increafe; and having but two more to run through, that is, its
ftate and declination. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Tumours have their feveral degrees and times; as begin¬
ning, augment, ftate, and declination: Wifeman.
4. [Eftat, French.] Ellate ; figniory ; poffeffion.
Strong was their plot.
Theirfatesfar off, and they of wary wit. Daniel.
5. The community; thepublick; the commonwealth.
If any thing more than your fport
Did move your greatnefs, and this noble ftate,
To call on him, he hopes it is no other
But for your health fake. Sbakejp. Troilus and Crcffda.
A fate’s anger
Should not take knowledge either of fools or women.
Ben. 'Johnfon’t Catiline.
I hear her talk of ftate matters and the fenate. Ben. Jobnf.
What he got by fortune.
It was the fate that now mull make his right. Daniel.
Thefate hath given you licence to flay on land for the fpaee
of fix weeks. Bacon.
It is better the kingdom Ihould be in good ellate, with par¬
ticular lofs to many of the people, than that all the people
Ihould be well, and the ftate of the kingdom altogether
loft. Hayward.
It is a bad exchange to wound a man’s own confcience,
thereby to falvefate fores. King Charles.
For you we flay’d, as did the Grecian ftate
’Till Alexander came. Waller.
Since they all live by begging, it were better for the fate
to keep them. Graunt.
Thefe are the realms of unrelenting fate;
And awful Rhadamanthus rules the Jtate:
He hears and judges. Dryden's /En.
6. Hencefnglefate in Shakefpeare for individuality.
My thought, whofe murther yet is but fantaftical.
Shakes fo myfnglefate of man, that function
Is fmother’d in furmife. Shakefp. Macbeth.
7. A republick ; a government not monarchical.
They feared nothing from a fate fo narrow in compafs of
land, and fo weak, that the llrength of their armies has ever
been made up of foreign troops. Temple.
8. Rank; condition; quality.
Fair dame, I am not to you known,
Though in yourfate of honour I am perfedl. Shakefp.
Highftate the bed is where misfortune lies. Fairfax.
9. Solemn pomp; appearance of greatnefs.
When in triumphantftate the Britilh mufe,
True to herfelf, Ihall barb’rous aid refufe. Rofcommon:
There kings receiv’d the marks of fov’reign pow’r :
In ftate the monarchs march’d, the lidtors bore
, The awful axes and the rods before. Dryden's /En.
Let my attendants wait: I’ll be alone.
Where leaft of ftate, where moll of love is Ihown. Dryden.
Fo appear in their robes would be a troublefome piece of
fate. Collier.
At home furrounded by a fervile crowd,
Prompt to abufe, and in detraction loud ;
Abroad begirt with men, and fwords, and fpears,
His veryftate acknowledging his fears. Prior.
JO. Dignity; grandeur.
She inftrudted him how he Ihould keep fate, and yet with
a modell lenfe of his misfortunes.
Bacon's Henry VIE
The fwan. rows herftate with oary feet. Milton.
He was Haiti, and in his gait
Prefcrv’d a grave majeflick ftate. Butler.
Such cheerful modefty, fuch humblefiafCy
Moves certain love. Waller.
Can this imperious lord forget to reign.
Quit all hisJtatey defeend, and ferve again. Pope's Statius.
1 1. A feat of dignity.
1 his chair (hall be myfate, this dagger my feeptre, and
this cufhion my crown. ' Shakf. Henry IV.
As (lie affeCted not the grandeur of a ftate with a canopy,
file thought there was no offence in an elbow-chair. Arbuthn.
1 he brain was her ftudy, the heart herfate room. Arbuth.
12. A canopy ; a covering of dignity.
Over the chair is a ftate made round of ivy, fomewhat
whiter than ours; and the ftate is curioufly wrought with
Silver and filk. Bacon.
His high throne, underftate
Of richeft texture Spread, at th’ upper end
Was plac’d. AhIton's Paradife Lof.
13. A perfon of high rank. Obfolete.
She is a dutchefs, a greatfate. Laiymer.
14. The principal perfons in the government.
The bold defign
Pleas’d highly thofe infernalfates. Milton.
15. Joined with another word it Signifies publick.
I am no courtier, nor verfed in ftate-affairs: my life hath
rather been contemplative than aCtive. Bacon.
Council! What’s that ? a pack of bearded (laves.
The fcavengers that Sweep fates nufances.
And are themfelves the greateft. Dryden's Cleamenes.
I am accufed of reflecting upon great [tates-ioiks. Szvift.
To State, v. a. \_conftatery French.]
1. To fettle; to regulate.
This is fo fated a rule, that all cafuifts prefs it in all cafes
of damage. Decay ofPiety.
This is toftate accounts, and looks more like merchandize
than friendship. Collier of Friendjhip.
He is capable of corruption who receives more than what
is the fated and unqueftioned fee of his office. Addifon.
2. To reprefent in all the circumftances of modification.
Many other inconveniences are confequent to thisfating of
this queflion ; and particularly that, by thofe which thusfate
it, there hath never yet been affigned any definite number of
fundamentals. Hammond on Fundamentals.
Its prefent ftate ftateth it to be what it now is. Hale.
Were our cafe fated to any fober heathen, he would never
guefs why they who acknowledge the neceffity of prayer, and
confefs the fame God, may not alk in the fame form.
Decay of Piety.
Toftate it fairly, imitation is the moft advantageous way
for a tranflator to fhew himfelf, but the greateft wrong which
can be done to the memory of the dead. Dryden.
I pretended not fully to ftatey much lefs demonftrate, the
truth contained in the text. Atterbury.
Sta'teliness. n.f. [fromftately.]
1. Grandeur; majeftick appearance; augufl manner; dignity.
We may colled the excellency of the underftanding then by
the glorious remainders of it now, and guefs at the fiatelinefs
of the building by the magnificence of its ruins. South.
Forftatelinejs and majefty what is comparable to a horfe ?
More’s Antidote againft Atheijm.
2. Appearance of pride; affe£led dignity.
She hated ftatelinefs ; but wifely knew
What juft regard was to her title due. Betterton.
Sta'tely. adj. [fromftate.~]
1. Augufl:; grand ; lofty ; elevated; majeftick ; magnificent.
A Jtatelier pyramid to her I’ll rear.
Than Rhodope’s or Memphis’ ever was. Shah. Hen. VI.
Thefe regions have abundance of high cedars, and other
ftately trees calling a (bade. Raleigh's Hijtory of the World.
Truth, like aJtately dome, will not Ihew herfelf at the firft
vifit. South.
He many a walk travers’d
Offiatelieft covert, cedar, pine, or palm. Milton.
2. Elevated in mien or fentiment.
He maintains majefty in the midft of plainnefs, and isftately
without ambition, which is the vice of Lucan. Dryden.
Sta'tely. adv. [from the adje&ive.] Majeftically.
Ye thatJtately tread or lowly creep. Milton.
Statesman, n.f. [ftate and man.]
1. A politician ; one verfed in the arts of government.
It looks grave enough
To feem aftatefman. Ben. Johnfon's Epigr.
The corruption of a poet is the generation of a fatefman. * Pope.
2. One employed in publick affairs.
If fuch adions may have paffage free.
Bond-(laves and pagans Ihall o\xrftatejmen be. Shak. Othello.
It is a weaknefs which attends high and low; the ftatefman
who holds the helm, as well as the peafant who holds the
plough. South's Sermons.
A^Britifh minifter mud expert to fee many friends fall off,
whom he cannot gratify, fince, to ufe the phrafe of a lateftatefman, the pafture is not large enough. Addi on.
4, Here
S T A S T A
Here Britain’sftatefnen oft the fall forefloorti
Of foreign tyrants, and of nymphs tit home. PopL
Sta'-rESWOMAN. n.f. [ ftate and woman.] A woman who
meddles with publick alFairs. In contempt.
How (he was in debt, and whete fhe meant
Toraifefrefli fums: flic’s a greatJtatefwoman ! B. Johnfort.
Several ohjefts may innocently be ridiculed, as thepaffions
of ourJ'tatcjwomm. . Addtfon.
•Sta'tical. I adj. [from the noun.] Relating to the fcicnee
Sta'tick. 5 of weighing.
A man weigheth fome pounds lefs in the height of Winter,
according to experience, and the ftatick aphorifms of Sanctor'us* _ Brown s Vulgar Errours.
If one by a ftatical engine could regulate his in'enfihle perfpiration, he might often, by reftoring of that, forefee, pre¬
vent, or fhorten a fit of the gout. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Sta'ticks. n. f. [rcohy.ri; Jlai'que,Fr.~] The fcience which
confiders the weight of bodies.
I his is a catholick rule of flaticks, that if any body be bulk
for oulk heavier than a fluid, it will fink to the bottom ; and if
lighter, it will float upon it, having part extant, and part immerfed, as that fo much of the fluid as is equal in bu k to the
immerfed part be equal in gravity to the whole. Bentley.
SdA'TION. n.f. [Jlation, French ; J'tatio, Latin.]
1. T. he acl of (landing.
I heir manner was to Hand at prayer, whereupon their
meetings unto that purpofe on thofe days had the names of
ftations given them. Hooker.
2. A (late of red.
All progreffion is performed hy drawing on or impelling
forward fome part which was before in Jtation or at quiet,
where there are no joints. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
3. A place where any one is placed.
In Jtation like the herald, Mercury,
New-lighted on a heav’n-kiffing hill. Sbakefp. Timon.
The feditious remained within their jtation, which, by reafon of the naftinefs of the beaftly multitude, might more fitly
be termed a kennel than a camp. Hayward.
The planets in theirJlation lift’ning (food. Milton.
To (Ingl'eftations now what years belong.
With planets join’d, they claim another fong. Creech.
4. Poll afligned ; office.
Michael in either hand leads them out of Paradife, the fiery
ferpent waving behind them, and the cherubims taking their
ftations to guard the place. Milton.
5. Situation; pofition.
The fig and date, why love they to remain
In middleJtation and an even plain ;
While in the lower marfh the gourd is found,
And while the hill with olive-ihade is crown’d ? Prior.
6* Employment; office.
No member of a political body fo mean, but it may be
ufeful in fome Jtation or other. L’E[trance.
They believe that the common fize of human underftanding is fitted to fome Jtation or other. Swift.
Whether thofe who are leaders of a party arrive at that
Jtation more by a fort of inftindt, or influence of the (bars, than
by the poffeffion of any great abilities, may be a point of much
difpute. Swift.
7. Character; (fate.
Far the greater part have kept theirJlation. Milton.
8. Rank ; condition of life.
lean be contented with an humbler Jtation in the temple of
virtue, than to be fet on the pinnacle. Drvden.
To Sta'tion. v. a. [from the noun ] To place in a certain
poft, rank, or place.
Sta'tioxary. adj. [fromJtation.'] Fixed; not progreffive.
The fame harmony and ftationary conffitution, as it hap¬
pened in many fpecies, fodoth it fall out in individuals. Brown.
Between the defeent and afeent, where the image feemed
ftationary, I flopped the prifm, and fixed it in that pofture, that
it (hould be moved no more. Newtons Opt.
Sta'tioner. n.f [fromJtation]
1. A bookfeiler.
Some modern tiagedies are beautiful on the flage, and yet
Tryphon theftationer complains they are feldom afked for in
his (hop. _ Dryden.
With authors, Jtationers obey’d the call;
Glory and gain th’ induftrious tribe provoke.
And gentle dulnefs ever loves a joke. Pope’s Dunciad.
2. A feller of paper.
Sta'tist. n.f. [from ftatef] A flatefman ; a politician; one
flailed in government.
I once did hold it, as ourftatifts do,
A bafenefs to write fair; and labour’d much
How to forget that learning. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
I do believe,
Statift though I am none, nor like to be,
1 hat this (hall prove a war. Shakef. Cymbeline.
I heir orators thou then extoll’ft, as thofe
The top of eloquence, JtatiJts indeed,
4-ud lovers of their country. Milton's Paradife Reg,
Sr actuary, n. f. [Jlatuairei French ; fromftatua, Latin.]
1. The art of carving images or representations qf life.
The northern nations, that overwhelmed it by their num¬
bers, were too barbarous to preferve the remains oflearning more
carefully than they did thofe of architecture andJtatuary. dimple.
2. One that pradfifes or profefies the art of makin 1 flatues.
On other occasions the jtutuaries took their fubjecls from
the poets. Adflifon.
How (hall any man, who hath a genius for hifiory, under¬
take fuch a wojk with Spirit arid cheatfulnefs, when lie confiders that he wi 1 be read with pleafuTe but a very few y ars ?
This is like employing an excellent Jtatuary to work upon
mouldering (lone.. Swift1
StaTue. n.f. [fiatue, Fr. ftot.ua, Latin ] An image; a fo,id
representation of any living being.
1 he princefs heard of her mother’s ftatuc, a piece many
years in doing, and now newly perform’d by that rare Italian
niarter. Sbakefp. Winter s Vale.
They fpake not a word ;
But like dumbftetues, or unbreathihg fiones,
Star’d each on other* Sbakefpeare’s Richard Ilf.
Architects propounded unto Alexander to cut the mountain
Athos into the form of a ftatuc, which in his right hand (hould
hold a town capable of containing ten thoufand men, and in
his left a veflel to receive all the water that flowed from the
mountain. IViHum’s Math. Magick.
A jtatue of Polycletus, called the rule, deferves that name
for having fo perfect an agreement in all its parts, that it is
not poffiblc to find a fault in it. Dryden s Difrefnoy.
To Sta'tue. v. a. [from the noun ] To place as a flatue.
Thou (halt be worflfipp'd, kifs’d, lov’d and ador’d ;
And were there fenfe in his idolatry,
My fubftance (hould be Jtatucd in thy dead. Shakefpeare.
Sta’ture. n.f. [Jlature, Fr. ftatura, Latin.] The height of
any animal.
Whatftature we attain at feven years we fometimes double,
mofl times come (hort of at one and twenty. Brown.
A creature who might ere£t
HisJlature, and upright with front ferene
Govern the reft. Milton.
Foreign men of mightyftature came. Dryden.
1 hyfelf but duft, thy ftature 6ut a fpan ;
A moment thy duration, foolifh man ! Prior.
We have certain demonftration from Egyptian mummies,
and Roman urns and rings, and meafures and edifices, and
many other antiquities, that human ftature has not diminifhed
for above two thoufand years. Bentley s Sermons.
Sta’j utabi.E. adj. [from fatute.] According to ftatute.
I met with one who was three inches above five feet, the
Jlalutable meafure ofthat club. Addifan’s Guardian.
Sta'tute. n.f [ftatut, French ; Jlatutum, Latin.] A law ;
an ediCt of the legiflature.
Not only the common law, but alfo the Jlatutes and a<5Is of
parliament were fpecially intended for its benefit. Spenfr.
Blood hath been (lied,
Ere human ftatute purg’d the gen’ral weal. Shakefpeare.
There was a fatute againft vagabonds; wherein note the
diflike the parliament had of goaling them as chargeable and
pefterous. Bacon.
Know the fati/tes of heaven and laws of eternity, thofe
immutable rules of juftice. Tillofon’s Sermons.
O queen, indulg’d by favour of the gods.
To build a town, with jlatutes to reftrain
I he wild inhabitant beneath thy reign. Dryden s fEneid.
To Stave, v. a. In the pluralJlaves. [from fajfj
1. To break in pieces ; ufed originally of barrels made of finall
parts or (laves.
If irreverent expreffion, or a thought too wanton are crept
into my verfes, let them be Jlav’d or forfeited like contra¬
banded goods. Dryden.
2. To pu(h off as with a ftaff.
How can they efcape the contagion of the writings, whom
the virulency of the calumnies have notJlaved efi^ from read¬
ing- . . Pen. Jobnfon.
The condition of a fervantfaves him off to a diftance ; but
the gofpel fpeaks nothing but allurement, attra&ion, and inviation* South’s Sermons.
3. I o pour out by breaking the calk*
The feared diforders that might enfue thereof have been an
occafion that divers times all the wine in the city hath been
.n , ,, n Sandys’s T, avels.
4. 1 o furmlh with rundles or ftaves.
This was the (hameful end of Aloyfus Grittus, Solyman’s
deputy in Hungary; who climbing too faft up the evil /laved
ladder of ambition, fuddcnly fell, and never role more. Knotles.
1 o ot a ve. v. n. I o fight with ftaves.
Equal (hame and envy ftifr’d 1
1’ th’ enemy, that one (hou’d beard
So many warriours, and fo ftout,
As he had done, and Jtav’d it out. Hudihras.
I o S r av e and fail. v. a. To part dogs by interpofmg a ftaff,
and by pulling the tail. a ‘ *
25 & The
S T A STA
The conquering foe they boon aflail'd,
Firft Trulla flav'e/, and Cerdon tail’d. Huhibfhs.
Staves, n.f. The plural offaff.
All in ftrange manner arm’d, t
Some ruftick knives, fome fiaves in fire warmed., Fairy Fhe.
They tie teafils up in bundles orfanes,Mortimer s Hufbatid•
Sta'vesacre. n.f. Larkfpur. A plant.
To STAY, vi n. [faen, Dutch.]
1. To continue in a place 3 to forbear departure. ^
Macbeth, wefay upon your leifure. Shakefpeai e s Macbeth.
If flie do bid me pack, I’ll give her thanks,
As though fire bid mefay by her a week. Sbakefpeare.
Would ye tarry for them till they were grown ? would ye
fay for them from having hufbands ? Ruth i. 13.
Not after refurredfion fhall hefay
Longer on earth than certain times t’appear. Milton.
He did ordain that as many might depart as would ; but as
many as wouldfay fhould have very good meajis to live from
the ftate. Bacon.
They flocked in fuch multitudes, that they not only flayed
for their refort, but difeharged divers. Hayward.
Th’ injur’d fea, which from her wonted place,
To gain fome acres, avarice did force,
If the new banks negledfed once decay,
No longer will from her old channelfay. Waller.
Stay, I command you, fay and hear me firft. Dryden.
Nor muff hefay at home, becaufe he muft he back again
by one and twenty. The father cannotfay any longer. Locke.
Every plant has its atmofphere, which hath various effedls
on thofe whofay near them. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Servants fent on meflagesfay out longer than the mefiage
requires. Swift.
2. To continue in a ftate.
The flames augment, and fay
At their full height, then languifh to decay. Dryden.
3. To wait; to attend.
I’ll tell thee my whole device
When I am in my coach, which flays for us. Sbakefpeare.
We for his royal prefence onlyfay
To end the rites. Dryden.
Iflay for Turnus, whofe devoted head
Is owing to the living and the dead 3
My fon and I expedt it from his hand. Dryden.
4. To ftop; to ftand ftill.
When fire lift pour out her larger fpright.
She would command the hafty fun tofay.
Or backward turn his courfe. Fairy Fhteen.
Perkin Warbeck, finding that when matters once go down
the hill, they flay not without a new force, refolved to try
fome exploit upon England. Bacon.
Satan t
Throws his fteep flight in many an airy wheel.
Norfay'd, till on Niphates’ top he lights. Milton.
5. To dwell'3 to be long.
Nor will Ifay
On Amphix, or what deaths he dealt that day: Dryden.
I muft fay a little on one adfion, which pr&ferred the re¬
lief of others to the confideration of yourfelf. Dryden.
6. To reft confidently.
Becaufe ye truft in oppreflion, and fay thereon, this {hall
be as a breach ready to fall. l a. xxx. 12.
They call themfelves of the holy city, and fay themfelves
upon God. IJa. xlviii. 2.
To Stay. v. a.
1. To flop 3 to withold 3 to reprefs.
All that mayfay their minds from thinking that true which
they heartily wifti were falfe, but cannot think it fo without
fome fcruple. Hooker.
T he Syrens fang to allure them into danger 5 but Orpheus
fang fo well that hefaid them. Raleigh’s Hifory ofthe Wrid.
He took nothing but a bit of bread tofay his ftomach. Locke.
Dafay thefe fudden gufts of paflion
That hurry you from reafon, reft aftur’d
The fecret of your love lives with me only. Rowe.
Stay her ftomach with thefe half hundred plays, till I can
procure her a romance big enough to fatisfy her great foul with
adventures. Pope.
Why ceafe we then the wrath of heaven to flay ?
Be humbled all. Pope.
2. To delay 3 to obftrueft 3 to hinder from progreflion.
The joyous time will not hefay’d
Unlefs ihe do him by the forelock take. Spenfer.
Your (hips arefaid at Venice. Sbakefpeare.
" Unto the fhore., with tears, with fighs, with moan,
I hey him condudf 5 curbing the bounds thatfay
1 heir willing fleet, that would have further gone. Daniel.
I will bring thee where no fhadowflays''
Thy coming, and thy foft embraces. Milton's Paradife Lof.
I was willing tofay my reader on an argument that appears
to me new, Locke.
3. To kceji From departure.
It as a prifoner I were here, you might
Have then inhfted on a conqueror’s right,
Andfay'd me here. Drydirt.
4. [Eftayer, French.] To prop 5 to fupport; to hold up.
On this determination we mightfay ourfelves without fur¬
ther proceeding herein. " " Hooker.
Aarcn and Hutfayed up his hands, the one on the one fide
and the other on the other. Exod. xvii. 12.
Sallow's and reeds for vineyards ufeful found.
Tofay thy vines. Dryden,
Stay, n.f \_efaye, French.]
1. Continuance in a place; forbearance of departure.
Determine,
Or for herflay or going 3 the affair cries hafte. Sbakefpeare.
Should judges make a longerfay in a place than ufually they
do; a day more in a county would be a very good addition.
Bacon.
Her long with ardent look bis eye purfu’d,
Delighted ! but defired more herfay. Milton.
The Thracian youth invades
Orpheus returning from th’ Elyfian {hades.
Embrace the hero, and hisfay implore. Waller:
So long a flay will make
The jealous king fufpeft we have been plotting. Denham,
What pieafure hop’ft thou in my fay,
When I’m conftrain’d and wifti myfelf away ? Dryden.
When the wine fparkles,
Make hafte, and leave thy bufinels and thy care.
No mortal int’reft can be worth tby fay. Dryden.
2. Stand 3 ceflation of progreflion.
Bones, after full growth, continue at os.fay 3 teeth ftand at
afay, except their wearing. Bacon
Affairs of ftate feemed rather to ftand at &fay^ than to ad¬
vance or decline. Hayward.
Made of fphere-metal, never to decay.
Until his revolution was atfay. Milton.
Almighty crowd ! thou fhorten’ft all difpute;
Nor faith nor reafon make thee at afay,
Thou Jeap’ft o’er all. Dryden's Medal.
3. A ftop 3 an obftrudlion ; a hindrance from progrefs.
His fell heart thought long that little way,
Griev’d with each ftep, tormented with each fay. Fairfax.
4. Reftiaint3 prudence 3 caution.
Many juft and temperate provifos, well {hewed and fore¬
tokened the wifdom, fay and moderation of the king. Bacon.
With prudentfay he long deferr’d
The rough contention. Philips.
5- A fixed ftate.
Who have before, or fhall write after thee,
Their works though toughly laboured will be
Like infancy or age to man’s firmfay.
Or early and late twilights to mid-day. Donne.
Alas, whatfay is there in human ftate !
And who can fhun inevitable fate ? Dryden.
6. A prop 3 a fupport.
Obedience of creatures unto the law of nature is thefay
of the whole world. Hooker.
What furety of the world, what hope, whatfay.
What this was once a king, and now is clay. Sbakefpeare.
My only ftrength, andfay ! forlorn of thee.
Whither fhall I betake me ?—where fubfift ? Milton.
Trees ferve as fo many fays for their vines, which hang
like garlands from tree to tree. Addfon’s Remarks on Italy.
7. Tackling. [See Stays ]
With fays and cordage laft he rig’d a fhip,
And roll’d on leavers, launch’d her in the deep._ Pope.
8. [In the plural.] Boddice.
No ftubbornfays her yielding fhape embrace. Gay,
9. Steadinefs of condudf.
Sta'yed. part. ad/, [fromfay.']
1. Fixed 5 fettled j ferious 3 not volatile.
For her fon,
In her own hand the crown Ihe kept in (lore,
Till riper years he raught, and ftrongerfay. Fa. Pfuecn.
Whatfoever is above thefe proceedeth of fhortnefs of me¬
mory, or of want of a fayed and equal attention. Bacon.
He was wellfayed, and in his gate
Preferv’d a grave majeftick ftate. Huddras.
A fayed man and wife are feldom fo indolent as not to find
confolation in each other. Pope.
1. Stopped.
Sta'yedly. adv. [fromfayed.] Compofedlyj gravely; pru¬
dently; foberly; calmly; judicioufly.
SlaGedness. n.f. [fromfayed.]
1. Solidity; weight.
When fubftantialnefs combineth with delightfulnefs, and
currantnefs with ftayednefs, how can the language found other
than moll full of lwcetnefs. Camden’s Remains.
2. Com-
S T E
7. Compofure; prudence; gravity ; judicioufnefs.
Sta'yer. n.f. [fromJlay.] One who flops, hold$ or fupports.
May Jove, the guardian of the capitol,
He, the greatflayer of our troops in rout,
Fulfil your hope-, and animate the cohorts; A Philips.
Sta'ylace. n.f. [flay and lace.] A lace with which worn^n
fallen their boddice.
A Jlay 'ace from England fhould become a topick for cenfure
at vifits. Swift.
Stays, n.f. Without lingular.
1. Boddice; a kind of lliff waiilcoat made of whalebone, worn
by ladies.
2. Ropes in a {hip to keep the mall from falling aft. All mails,
topmafls, and flagllaves haveflays, except the fpritfail topmall:
the mainmaft, foremaft, with the mails belonging to them,
have alfo back/lays, which help to keep the malt from pitch¬
ing forward or overboard. Harris.
They were come upon thefays, when one of the failors
defcried a galley. Sidney.
3. Any lupport; any thing that keeps another extended.
Weavers ftretch youtfays upon the welt. Dryden.
STEAD, n.f. [yteb, Saxon.J
1. Place. Obfolete.
Fly therefore, fly this fearfulJlead anon,
Left thy fool hardize work thy fad confufion. Fairy JJuen.
They nigh approached to theJlcad
Where as thole maremaids dwelt. Spenfer’s Fairy Jhteen.
T he term of life is limited,
Ne may a man prolong nor (horten it;
The foldier may not move from watchfulJlead,
Nor leave his Hand until his captain bed. Fairy Jhteen.
2. Room ; place which another had or might have.
If we had fimply taken them clean away, or elfe removed
them, fo as to place in theirJlead others, we had done worfe.
Hooker.
There fell down many {lain, and they dwelt in theirfeads
until the captivity. 1 Chron. v. 22.
Nor do the bold’ll attempts bring forth
Events ftill equal to their worth ;
But fometimes fail, and in theirjlead
Fortune and cowardice fucceed. Butler.
Jealouly then fir’d his foul.
And his face kindled like a burning coal ;
Now cold defpair fucceeding in herJlead,
To livid palenefs turns the glowing red. Dryden.
3. tlfe; help. Tofand in Jlead; to be of great ufe ; to help ; to
advantage.
A. compleat man hath fome parts, whereof the want could
not deprive him of his effence ; yet to have themfandeth him
in fingularJlead, in refpedt of fpecial ufes. Hooker.
He makes his underlianding the warehoufe of lumber ra¬
ther than a repofitory of truth, which willfand him inJlead
when he has occafion for it. Locke.
The fmalleft a£l of charity {hall fand us in greatJlead.
Atterbury’s Sermons.
4. The frame of a bed.
The genial bed,
Sallow the feet, the borders and i\\e.fed. Dryden.
Stead, fled, being in the name of a place that is diftant from
any river, comes from the Saxon pcet>, fm>, a place ; but if
it be upon a river or harbour, it is to be derived from ycacie,
a fhore or ftation for fhips. Gibfons Camden.
To Stead, v. a. [from the noun.J
1. To help; to advantage ; to fuppoit; to aflift. A word fomewhat obfolete.
We are neither in Hall, nor ability of power greatly to
fead you. Sidney.
It nothing /leads us
To chide h im from our eves. Sbakefpeare.
Rich garments, linnens, ftufFs, and nereflaries,
Which fince haveJleacled much. Sbakefpeare's Tempejl.
Madam, fo itJlead you I will write. Sbakefpeare.
Can you foJlead me
As bring me to the fight of Ifabella. Sbakefpeare.
Your friendly aid and counfel much mayfead me. Rowe.
2. To fill the place of another. Obfolete.
We fhall adviie this wronged maid tofead up your ap¬
pointment, and go in your place. Sbakefpeare.
SteaDfast. aclj. [fead andfajl.]
1. Faft in place; firm; fixed.
Such was this giant’s fall, that feem’d to {hake
Thisfedfaf globe of earth, as it for fear did quake. F. fht.
Laws ought to be like ftony tables, plain, fleadfaf, arid
immoveable. Spenfer’s State ofIreland.
2. Conflant; refolute. ,
I hope her ftubborn heart to bend,
And that it then moreJledfaft will endure. Spenfer.
A generation that fet not their heart aright, and whole fpirit
was notfedfaf with God. Pfal. lxxviii. 8.
Be faithful to thy neighbour in his poverty ; abid0 ftedfajl
unto him in the time of his trouble. Ecclus. xxii. 23.
Him refthfcdfajl in the faith. 1 Pet. v. 9.
S T E
What form of death could him affright.
Who unconcern’d, with Jledff fight
Con’d view the (urges mounting fteep,
And monfters rolling in the deep? Dryden.
Steadfastly. adv. [fromfedfaft.] hirmly; conftarltly.
God’s omnifcience JleadfafJy grafps the greateft and moft
flippery uncertainties. South's Sermons.
in general, /ledj'ajlly believe that whatever God hath re¬
vealed is infallibly true. Wake’s Preparationfor Death.
Steadfastness, n.f. [fromfteadfajl.]
1. immutability; fixednefs.
So hard thefe heavenly beauties beenfir’d,
As things divine, leaft paffions do impreis,
The more of fteadfaft minds to be admir’d.
The more they flayed be onfedfafnefs. Spenfer.
2. Firmnefs; conftancy ; refolution.
SteaDily. adv. [fromfoody]
1. Without tottering; without {baking.
Sin has a tendency to bring men under evils, unlefs hin¬
dered by fome accident which no man canJleadily build upon.
' South’s Sermons.
i. Without variation or irregularity.
So Jleadily does fickle fortune fleer.
Th’ obedient orb that it fhould never err. Blackmorc.
Steadiness, n.f. [from ftcady.J
1. State of being not tottering nor eafily fhaken.
2. Firmnefs; conftancy.
John got the better of his cholcrick temper, and wrought
himfelf up to a greatfeadinefs of mind, to purfue his intereft
through all impediments. Arbuthnot.
3. Confiftent unvaried condudl.
Steadinefs is a point of prudence as well as of courage. L’Ef.
A friend is ufeful to form an undertaking, and fecureJleani¬
nefs of conduct. Collier cfFriendjhip.
SteaDy. adj. [praebig, Saxon.J
1. Finn; fixed; not tottering.
Their feet feady, their hands diligent, their eyes watchful,
and their hearts refolute. Sidney.
He fails ’tween worlds and worlds with ftcady wing. Milt.
Steer the bounding bark withJleady toil,
When the ftorm thickens and the billows boil. Pope.
2. Not wavering; not fickle; not changeable withregard to re¬
folution or attention.
Now clear I underftand,
What oft my fteadif thoughts have fearch’d in vain. Milton.
Steady to my principles, and not difpirited with my afflidlions, I have, by the blefling of God, overcome all dif¬
ficulties. Dryden’s /Eneid.
A clear fight keeps the underftandingyiW/y. Locke.
Steak n ft [fyck, Iflandick and Erfe, a piece; flcka, Swedifh,
to boil. J A fiice of flefh broiled or fried; a collop.
The furgeon protefted he had cured him very well, and of¬
fered to eat the firftfake of him. Tatler.
Fair ladies who contrive
To feaft on ale andJleaks. Sivift.
To STEAL v.a. Preteritzlfo’e, part. pafT folen. [ytelan,
Saxon ; Jlelen, Dutch.]
1. To take by theft; to take clandeftinely ; to take without right.
Tofealgenerally implies feCrecy, to rob, either fecrecy or vio¬
lence.
Thou ran’ft a tilt in honour of my love,
And folf away the ladies hearts of France. Sbakefpeare.
1 here are fome ftirewd contents in yon fame paper.
Thatfeal the colour from Bafianio’s cheek ;
Some dear friend dead. Sbakefpeare’s Mcrch. of Venicce.
How {hould wefeal filver or gold ? Gen. xliv. 8.
A fchoolboy finding a bird’s neft, {Lews it his companion
and hefeals it. Sbakefpeare.
2. 1 o withdraw or convey without notice.
The law ofEngland never was properly applied to the Trifti,
by a purpofed plot of government, but as they could infinuate
and feal themfelves under the fame by their humble carriage
and fubmiffion. Spenfer.
Let us {Lift away, there’s warrant in that theft
Whichfeals itfelf when there’s no mercy left. Sbakefpeare.
Variety of objedls has a tendency to feal away the, mind
from its fteady purfuit of any fubjedt. Watts.
3. To gain or effedt by privafe means.
Young Lorenzo
Stole her foul with many vows of faith.
And ne’er a true one.
Were it not that my fellow fchoolmaftef
Dbth watch Bianca’s fteps fo narrowly,
’ Twere good tofeal our marriage.
They hate nothing fo much as being alone, for fear'fome
affrighting apprehenfions {hould feal ©r force their way in.
c Galamy.
To Steal, v. n.
1. To withdraw privily; to pafs filently.
hixt of mind to avoid further entreaty, and to flv all com¬
pany, one night {hefoie away. ' ' Sidney.
Sbakefpeare.
Sbakefpeare.
M,
S T E S T E
My lord of Amiens and myfelf
Y)\&Jleal belliml him as he lay along
Under an oak.
I cannot think it,
1 hat he would Jleal away fo guilty like
Shakfp'arc.
Seeing you coming. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Milton.
Dryden.
Swift.
Pope.
T he molt peaceable way7', if you take a thief, is to let him
ihew what he is, andfeal out of your company. Shakefpeare.
At time that lover’s flights doth ftil! conceal,
Through Athens’ gate have we devis’d toJleal. Shak fp.
In my conduct fhall your ladies come,
From whom you now muftJleal and take no leave. Shak.
Others weary of the long journey, lingering behind, were
flolen away ; and they which were left, moiled with dirt and
mire. Knollcs.
A bride
Should vanifh from her cloaths into her bed.
As fouls from bodiesJleal and are not fpy’d. Donne.
The vapour of charcoal hath killed many; and it is the
more dangerous, becaufe it cometh without any ill fmelJ, and
fealeth on by little and little. Bacon'ts Natural hijiory.
A foft and folemn breathing found,
Rofe like a fleam of rich diftill’d perfumes.
AndJlole upon the air, that even fdence
Was took ere fire was ware.
As wife artifls mix their colours fo,
That by degrees they from each other go;
BlackfleaIs unheeded from the neighboring white,
So on usJlole our blefled change.
At a time when he had no fteward, heJlole away.
Now his fierce eyes with fparkling fury glow,
Now fighsJleal out when tears begin to flow.
2.To pradlife theft; to play the thief; to take any thing thievifhJy; to have the habit of thieving.
Stealing is the taking from another what is his, without his
knowledge or allowance. Locke.
The good humour is tofeal at a minute’s reft.--Convey,
the wife it call; Jleal l a fico for the phrafe! Shakefpeare.
Stea'ler. n. f. [from jleal.] One who fleals; a thief.
The tranfgrefiion is in theJlealer. Shakefpeare.
Stea'liNGLY. adv. [fromfealing.] Slily ; by invifible mo¬
tion ; by fecret practice.
They were diver.e motions, they7 did fofealingly flip one
into another, as the latter part was ever in hand before the
eye could difeern the former was ended. Sidney.
STEA LTH, n J. [fromJleal.']
1. The ad! of flealing; theft.
'I he owner proveth thefealth to have been committed upon
him by fuch an outlaw, and to have been found in the pofief-
. fion of the prifoner. Spenfer’s State cj Ireland.
'TheJlealth of mutual entertainment
With charadier too grofs is written on Juliet. Shakefpeare.
In the fecret dark that none reproves,
T heir pretty Jlealtbs fhall work, and fnares fhall fpread.
Spenjer.
T he gods perfuaded Mercury,
T heir good obferver, to hisJiealih.
2. The thing flolen.
O
On his back a heavy load he bare
Of night\yJlealtbs, and pillage feveral. Fairv D
Chapman’s Iliad.
ueen.
Store of cabbins are but fluttiih dens, that breed fickntfs in
peace, ferving to coverfealths, and in fight are dangerous to
tear men with fplinters. Raleigh.
3. Secret ad!; clandeftine practice. By fealth means fecretly ;
clandeftinely ; with defire of concealment: but, likefeal, is
often ulcd in a good fenfe.
The wifdom of the fame fpirit borrowed from melody that
pleafure, which mingled with heavenly myfleries, caufeth the
fmoothnefs and foftnefs of that which toucheth the ear, to
convey as it were by Jlealth the trealure of good things i’nto
man’s mind. Hooker.
I feel this youth’s perfections,
With an invifible and lubtileJtealth,
To creep in at mine eyes. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
The monarch blinded with defire of wealth,
With fleel invades his brother’s life by Jlealth
Before the facred altar. Dryden.
Let humble Allen, with an aukward fhame.
Do good byJlealth) and blufh to find it fame. Pepe.
Stea'lthv. adj. [fromJlealth.] Done clandeftinely; perform¬
ed by Health.
Now wither’d murder with hisfealthy pace.
Moves like a ghoft. Shakefpeare s Maeleth.
S 1 LAM. ri.f. [preme, Saxon.] The frnoke or vapour of any
thing moil! and hot.
Sweet odours are, in fuch a company as there isfcarn and
heat, things of great refrcfhment. Bacon.
IIis offering fuon propitious fire from heaven
Confum’d with nimble glance and grateful fleam. Milton.
While the temple fmoak’d with hallow’d Jleam,
They wafh the virgin, Dryd.n.
Such the figure of a feaft
^ V hich, were it not for plenty and for /leant,
Might be refembled to a lick man’s dream. AV/^
Some it bears in Jleams up into the air, and this in fuch a
quantity as to be manifefl to the fmell, efpeciajly thefulphur.
Woodward'1 s Natural Hijiory.
To Steam, v. n. [yteman, Saxon.]
I. I o frnoke or vap ur with moift heat.
Scarcely had Phoebus in the gloomy eaft,
Cjot harnufied his fiery-footed team,
Ne rear d above the earth his flaming crefl:
\v hen the laft deadly ftnoke aloft did Jtcam. Fairy SJuccni
See, fee, my brother’s ghoft hangs hovering there,
O’er his warm blood, that/teams into the air. Dryden,
O wretched we ! Why were we hurry’d down
This lubrick and adult’rate age;
Nay, added fat pollutions of our own,
T’ increafe thejtearning ordures of the ftage? Dryd.n.
Let the crude humours dance
In heated brafs, [teaming with fire intenfe. Philips.
Thefe minerals not only ifTue out at thefe larger exits, but
[team forth through the pores of the eaith, occauoning fulphureous and other offenfive flenches. Woodward.
2. To fend up vapours.
Ye mills that rife fromfoaming lake. Milton.
3. To pafs in vapours.
1 he difiolved amber plainly fwam like a thin film upon the
liquour, whence it Jlearned away into the air. Boyle.
Stean forfone. Spenjer0
Steato'mA. n.f. [rexlory.oi.]
If the matter in a wen refembles milk-curds, the tumour is
called atheroma; iflike honey, meliceris; and if compofed of
fat,Jteatoma. Sharp's Surgery.
Steed, n f. [yteba, Saxon.] A horfe for ftate or war.
My noble /teed I give him,
With all his trim belonging- Shak. Macheth,'
Imprefles quaint, caparifons andfeeds. Milton.
• Stout are our men, and warlike are ourfteeds. Waller.
She thought herfelf the trembling dame who fled,
And him the grifly ghoft that fpurr’d th’ infernalfeed. Dryd.
Who, like our active African, inflrudls
T he fieryfteed, and trains him to his hand? Jlddfcn s Cato.
See ! the bold youth ftrain up the threat’ning fteep ;
Hang o’er their courfers heads with eager fpeed.
And earth rollback beneath the fty'mgfteed. Pope.
Steel, n.f. [peal, Saxon; Jtacl, Dutch.]
1. Steel is a kind of iron, refined and purified by the fire with
other ingredients, which renders it white, and its grain clofer
and finer than common iron. Steel, of all other metals, rs
that lufceptible of the greateft degree of hardnefs, when well
tempered ; whence its great ufe in the making of tools and
inftruments of all kinds. Chambers.
Steel is made from the pureft and fofteft iron, by keeping it
red-hot, ftratified with coal-duft and wood-afhes, or other
fubftances that abound in the phlogifton, for feveral hours in
a clofe furnace. It may alfo be made by fufion, and feveral
other ways ; but they are greatly in the wrong who prefer
feel to iron for medicinal purpofes. Hill's Mat. Medico.
At her back a bow and quiver gay,
Stuff’d with jArZ-headed darts wherewith fire quell’d
The favage beafts in her victorious play. Fairy Jh/cen.
With mighty bars of long enduring brafs
T hefteel-bound doors and iron gates he ties. Fairfax.
A looking-glafs, with theJteel behind, looketh whiter than
glafs fimple. Bacon's Na’ural Hifory.
Diamonds, though hard bodies, will not ready ftrike fire
withfteej much lefs with one another; nor a flint eafily with
a Jteel, if they both be wet; the fparks being then quenched
in their eruption. Brown's Vulgar Errcurs.
Beth were of fhiningyAv/, and wrought fo pure
As might the ftrokes of two fuch arms endure. Dryden.
2. It is often ufed metonymieally for weapons or armour.
Brave Macbeth with his brandifh’d Jteel
Which fmok’d with bloody execution\
Carv’d out his paflage till he had fac'd the flave. Shakejpcare.
, A grove of oaks,
Whofe polifh’d Jteelfrom far feverely (hines,
Are not fo dreadful as this beauteous queen. Dryden.
He fudden as the word.
In proud Plexippus’ bofom plunged the fword;
I oxeus amaz’d, and with amazement flow,
Stood doubting ; and while doubting thus he flood,
Receiv’d theJiecl bath’d in his brother’s blood. Dryden.
3- Chalybeate medicines.
After relaxing, Jteel {Lengthens the folids, and is likewife
an antiacid. Arbuthnot.
4.It is ufed proverbially for hardnefs: as heads offeel.
To Steel, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To point or edge with ftcel.
Add proof unto mine armour with thy prayers,
And with thy bleflingsyW my lance’s point. Shak. R. II.
8 2. To
S T E
2.To make hard or firm. It is ufed, ifit be applied to the mind,
very often in a had fenfe.
" Lies wellReel'd with weighty arguments. Shakefpeare.
So fcrvice {hall with Jieeled fingers toil,
And labour (hall refrelh itfelf with hope. Shakefpeare’s H. V.
From his metal was his party /ieel’d;
Which once in him rebated, al] the reft
Turn’d on themfelves, like dull and heavy lead. Shakefp.
O God of battles! Jleel my foldiers hearts,
Poftefs them not with fear. Shakefpeare’s Henry V.
Why will you fight againft fo fweet a paffion,
And peel your heart to fuch a world of charms ? Addifon.
Man, foolifh man !
Scarce know’ft thou how thyfelf began ;
Yetjleel’d with ftudy’d boldnefs, thou dar’ft try
To fend thy doubted reafon’s dazled eye
Through the myfterious gulph of vaft immenfity. Prior.
Let theJleel'd Furk be deafto matrons cries,
See virgins ravifh’d with relentlefs eyes. Tickell.
Stef/ly. adj. [fromJleel.]
1. Made of fteel.
Thy brother’s blood the thirfty earth hath drunk,
Broach’d with theJleely point of Clifford’s lance. Shakefp.
Here fmokes his forge, he bares his finewy arm,
And early ftrokes the founding anvil warm ;
Around his {hop the feely fparkles flew.
As for the fteed he {hap’d the bending fhoe. Gay.
2. Hard; firm.
That {he would unarm her noble heart of thatJleely refin¬
ance againft the fweet blows oflove. Sidney.
Stee'lyard. n.f. [Jleel and yard.] A kind of balance, in
which the weight is moved along an iron rod, and grows hea¬
vier as it is .removed farther from the fulorum.
Steen, or Stean. n.f. A fidtious veflel of clay or ftone.Ainfworth.
STEEP, adj. [peap, Saxon] Rifing or defending with little
inclination.
He now had conquer’d Anxur’s Jleep afcent. Addifon.
Steep, n.f Precipice; afcent or defcent approaching to per¬
pendicularity.
As that Theban monfter that propos’d
Her riddle, and him, who folv’d it not, devour’d ;
That once found out and folv’d, for grief and fpight
Caft herfelf headlong from the IfmenianJleep. Milton.
As high turrets for their airyfeep
Require foundations, in proportion deep;
And lofty cedars as far upwards fhoot.
As to the neather heavens they drive the root;
So low did her fecure foundation lie,
She was not humble, but humility. Dryden.
Inftrudts the beaft to know his native force.
To take the bit between his teeth, and fly
To the next headlongySW/> of anarchy. Dryden.
We had on each fide naked rocks and mountains, broken
into a thoufand irregulary?f^r and precipices. Addifon.
Leaning o’er the rails, he mufing flood.
And view’d below the black canal of mud.
Where common fhores a lulling murmur keep,
Whofe torrents rufti from Holborn’s fatal Jeep. Gay:
To Steep, v. a. [flippen, Dutch.] Tofoak; to macerate;
to imbue ; to dip.
. When his brother faw the red blood trail
Adown fo haft, and all his armourJleep,
For very fellnefsloud he ’gan to weep. Spenfer.
He, like an adder, lurking in the weeds.
His wandring thought in deep defire doesfieep\
And his frail eye with fpoil of beauty feeds. Fairy ftpueen.
A napkin fteeped in the harmlefs blood
Of fweet young Rutland. Shakefpeare’s Henry VI.
Prefentto her, as fometime Marg’ret
Did to thy father, Jleep’d in Rutland’s blood,
A handkerchief; which, fay to her, did drain
The purple tide from her fweet brother’s body. Shakejp.
The conquering wine hathJleep'd our fenfe
In foft and delicate Lethe. . Shakefpeare.
Many dream not to find, neither deferve.
And yet axeJleep d in favours. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Four days will quickly Jleep themfelves in night:
Four nights will quickly dream away the time. Shakefpeare.
Moft of the feepings are cheap things, and the goodnefs of
the crop is a great matter of gain. Bacon.
Whole droves of minds are by the driving god
Compell’d to drink the deep Lethean flood :
In large forgetful draughts to ftcep the cares
Of their paft labours and their irkfome years. Dryden.
WheatJleeped in brine twelve hours prevents the fmuttinefs.
Mortimer's Hujbandry.
STEE'PLE. n.f. [peopl, pypel, Saxon.] A turret of a church
generally furniflied with bells. A fpire.
Blow, winds, and crack your cheeks; rage, blow!
You catarafts and hurricanoes fpout
1 ill you have drench’d ourJleeples, drown’d the cocks.
Shakefpeare.
S T E
W^iat was found in many places, and preached for wheat
fallen on the ground from the clouds, was but the feed of ivyberries, and though found in Jleeples or high places, might be
conveyed thither or muted by birds. Brown’s Vulgar F> roues.
A raven I faw yefterday Jleeple-high, juft over your houfe*
L’Eftrange.
They, far from fteep’es and their facred found,
In fields their fullen conventicles found. Dryden.
Stee’ply. adv. [from fteep.] With precipitous declivity.
Stee'pness. n.f. [from fteep.] Precipitous declivity.
The craggednefs orfteepnejs of that mountain maketh many
parts of it inacceffible. Brcrcwsod on Language.
Lord Lovel fwam over 7’rent on horfeback, but could not
recover the farther fide, by reafon of the fteepnefs of the bank,
and fo was drowned. Bacons Henry VII.
Vineyards, meadows, and cornfields lie on the borders, and
run up all the fides of the Alps, where the barrennefs of the
rocks, or the fteepnefs of the afcent will fuffer them. Aadifcn.
Stee'py. adj. [from fteep."] Having a precipitous declivity.
A poetical word forfteep.
Who hath difpos’d, but thou, the winding way,
Where fprings down from thefteepy craggs do beat. JVotton.
A prophet fome, and fome a poet cry,
From Jteepy Othrys’ top toPylus drove
His herd; and for his pains enjoy’d his love. Dryden.
No more, my goats, {hall I behold you climb
Thefteepy cliffs, or crop the flow’ry thyme ! Dryden.
STEER, n.f. [ytype, peop, piope. Saxon; flier, Dutch.]
A young bullock.
They think themfelves half exempted from law and obedi¬
ence ; and having once tafted freedom, do, like a Jteer that
hath been long out of his yoke, grudge and repine ever after
to come under rule again. Spenfer’s Ireland.
Lacaon, Neptune’s prieft,
With folemn pomp then facrific’d a feer. Dryden.
Nor has the fteer,
At whofe ftrong cheft the deadly tiger hangs,
E’er plow’d for him. Thomfon.
To Steer, v. a. [peojian, pypan, Sax. Jtieren, Dutch.] To
direct; to guide in a paflage.
A comely palmer, clad in black attire.
Of ripeft years, and hairs all hoary gray.
That with a ftafFhis feeble fteps didfteer.
Left his long way his aged limbs fhould tire. Fairy Qiteen.
If a pilot cannot fee the pole ftar it can be no fault in him
tofteer his courfe by fuch ftars as do beft appear to him. K.Ch.
To Steer, v. n. To diredf a courfe.
As when a {hip by fkilful fteerfman wrought.
Nigh river’s mouth, or foreland, where the wind
Veers oft, as oft fo peers, and fhifts her fail. Milton.
In a creature, whofe thoughts are more than the fands, and
wider than the ocean, fancy and paffion muft needs run him
into ftrange courfes, if reafon, which is his only ftar and-compafs be not that he peers by.’ Luke.
Stee'rage. n.f [fromfteer.]
1. The adf or pradfice of fteeririg.
2. Direction; regulation of a courfe.
He that hath the peerage of my courfe,
Diredt my fuit. Shakefpeare’s Romeo and Juliet
Having got his veflel launched and let afloat, he committed,
thepeerage of it to fuch as he thought capable of conducting
Spectator.
3. That by which any courfe is guided.
His coftly frame
Infcrib’d to Phoebus, here he hung on high,
Thepeerage of his wings, and cut the fky. Dryden.
4. Regulation, or management of any thing.
You raife the honour .of the peerage.
Proud to attend you at the peerage. Swift
5. The ftern or hinder part of the fhip.
Stee'rsmate. 7 n.f fteer and man, or mate.] A pilot; one
Stee'rsman. J who fteers a fhip.
What pilot fo expert but needs muft wreck,
Embark’d with fuch a peerfmate at the helm ? Milton.
In a ftorm, though the veffel be prefled never fo hard, a flcilfulfteerfman will yet bear up againft it. L’Efranxe
Through it the joyful fteerfman clears his way.
And comes to anchor in his inmoft bay. D>yd>n
Stegano'graphist. n.f [rr^avo; and y^dtpu.] He who
praefifes the art of fecret writing. Bail -
Stegano'graphy. n. f. [reyoivog and y^dpu.] The art of
fecret writing by characters or cyphers, intelligible only to the
perfons who correfpond one with another. " Bail
Stegno'tick. adj. [rqnwWtJ Binding; rendering Voltive.
stmt if JJrSax;^ D,“nch'] A fta,k;
STE LLAR. adj. [from/*//«.] Afiral; relating to the liars,
in partihed down
Theirftcllar virtue, on all kinds that grow
’ mat^e hereby aptcr to receive
erfection from the fun’s more potent ray. Milton.
25 E Salt
S T E S T E
Salt diflolvcd, upon fixation, returns to its affc£ted cubes, and
regular figures of minerals, as the hexagonal of chryftal, and
jiellar figure of the done aderia. Glanville.
Ste'llate. adj. [ftellatus, Latin.] Pointed in the manner of
a painted dar.
One making a regulus of antimony, without iron, found
his regulus adorned with a more confpicuous dar than I have
feen in feveralJ'tcllate regulus’s of antimony and mars. Boyle.
Stella'tion. n.f. [from ftella.] Emiffion of light as from a
(far.
Stelli'ferous; adj. [ftella and/m>.] Having dars. Dia.
Ste'llion. n.f [Jlellioy Latin.] A newt. Ainfworth.
Ste'llionate. n.f [.fellionat, French; ftellionatus, Latin.]
A kind of crime which is committed [in law] by a deceitful
felling of a thing otherwife than it really is: as, if a man
fhould fell that for his own edate which is adlually another
man’s.
It difcerneth of crimes of ftellionate, and the inchoations
towards crimes capital, not actually committed. Bacon.
Stem, n.f [ftemtna, Latin.]
1. Thedalk; the twig.
Two lovely berries molded on oneftem,
So with two Teeming bodies, but one heart. Shakefpeare.
After they are fird (hot up thirty foot in length, they fpread
a very large top, having no bough nor twig in the trunk or
Jlem. Raleigh's Hijtory of the World.
Set them aflope a reafonable depth, and then they will put
forth many roots, and fo carry more (hoots upon aftem. Bacon.
This, ere it was in th’ earth,
God made, and ev’ry herb, before it grew
On the green ftem. Milt. Par ad. Lojl.
The Jtem thus threaten’d and thefap in thee.
Drops all the branches of that noble tree. Waller:
Farewell, you flow’rs, whofebuds with early care
I watch’d, and to the chearful fun did rear:
Who now (hall bind yourftems ? or, when you fall.
With fountain dreams your fainting fouls recall ? Dryden.
The low’ring Spring with lavifh rain
Beats down the'(lenderftem and bearded grain. Dryden.
2. Family; race; generation. Pedigrees are drawn in the form
of a branching tree.
This is a ftem
Of that victorious (lock, and let us fear
His native mightinefs. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
I will affay her worth to celebrate,
And fo attend ye toward her glittering (late ;
Where ye may all, that are of nobleftem.
Approach. Milton.
Whofoever will undertake the imperial diadem, mud have
of his own wherewith to fupport it; which is one of the reafons that it hath continued thefe two ages and more in that
ftem, now fo much fpoken of. Howel's Vocal Foreft.
Do’ll thou in hounds afpire to deathlefs fame ?
Learn well their lineage and their ancientftem. Tickell.
3. {Stammer, Swedifh.] The prow or forepart of a (hip.
Orante’s barque, ev’n in the hero’s view,
Fromftem to (tern, by waves was overborn. Dryden.
To Stem. v.a. \_fteemma, Iflandick.] To oppofe a current;
to pafs crofs or forward notwithftanding the dream.
They on the trading flood.
Through the wide Ethiopian to the cape
Ply, ftemrning nightly tow’rd the Pole. Milt. Par. Lofl.
Above the deep they raife their fcaly creds.
Andftem the flood with their eredled breads. Denham.
In (hipping fuch as this, the Irifh kern
And untaught Indian, on the dream did glide.
Ere (harp-keel’d boats to ftem the flood did learn,
Or fin-like oars did fpread from either fide. Dryden.
At length Erafmus, that great injur’d name,
Sternm'd the wild torrent of a barb’rous age,
And drove thofe holy Vandals off the dage. Pope,
Stench, n.f. [from ytencan, Saxon.]
3. A dink; a bad fmell.
Death, death ; oh amiable and lovely death !
Thou odoriferousftench, found rottennefs,
Arife forth from thy couch of lading night. Shakef. K. John.
So bees with fmoke, and doves with noifome ftench,
Are from their hives, and houfes, driv’n away. Shakefpeare.
Phyficians by the ftench of feathers cure the rifing of the
mother. Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory.
The niiniflery will be found the fait of the earth, the only
thing that keeps focieties of men fromftench and corruption.
South's Sermons.
The hoary Nar,
Corrupted with the ftench of fulphur flows.
And into T ibcr’s dreams th’ infeCted current throws. Addif
2. I find it ufcd once for a good fmell.
black bulls and bearded goats on altars lie,
And clouds of fav’ryftench involve the (ky. Dryden.
To Stench, v.a. [trom the noun.]
1. To make to dink.
The foulnefs of the ponds onlyftenchctb the water. Mortim.
2. [Yorftaunch, corruptly.] To flop; to binder to flow.
They had better (kill to let blood than ftench it. K. Charles,
Reftringents toftench and incraffatives to thicken the blood.
Har vey on Confurnptions.
Stenography, n.f [revo; and ygotipu.] Short-hand.
O the accurd ftenography of date 1
The princely eagle (hrunk into a bat. Cleave/and.
Stentoropho nick. adj. [from Stentor, theHomerical herald,'
whofe voice was as loud as that of fifty men, and (puvv, a
voice.] Loudly (peaking or founding.
Of thisftentorophonick horn of Alexander there is a figure
preferved in the Vatican. Derhams Pbfico-Tbeology.
To STEP. v. n. [pceppan, Saxon; ftappen, Dutch.]
1. To move by a (ingle change of the place of the foot.
Whofoever fird after the troubling the waterftepped in, was
made whole. j0t v. 4.
One of our nation hath proceeded fo far, that he was able,
by the help of wings, in a running pace to ftcp condantly ten
yards at a time. Wilkins's Math. Mag.
2. To advance by a fudden progreflion.
Ventidius lately
Bury’d his father, by whofe death he’sftepp'd
Into a great edate. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
3. To move mentally.
When a perfon is hearing a fermon, he may give his
thoughts leave toftep back fo far as to recollect the feveral
heads. Watts.
They are ftepping almod three thoufand years back into the
remotell antiquity, the only true mirrour of that ancient
world- Pope's Preface to the Iliad.
4. Togo; to walk.
I am in blood
Stept in fo far, that, (hould I wade no more.
Returning were as tedious as go o’er. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The old poetsftep in to the aflidance of the medalid. Addif
5. To take a (hort walk.
See where he comes: fo pleafe you, ftep afide;
I’ll know his grievance. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
My brothers, when they faw me wearied out.
Stepp'd, as they faid, to the next thicket-fide
To bring me berries. Milton.
When your mader wants a fervant who happens to be
abroad, anfwer, that he had but jud that minutejtept out.
Swift's Directions to Servants.
6. To walk gravely and (lowly.
Pyrrhus, the mod ancient of all the bafhaws, ftept forth,
and, appealing unto his mercies, earnedly requeded him to
fpare his life. Knolles's Hi/lory of the Turks.
When youftepfd forth, how did the monder rage,
In fcorn of your foft looks and tender age ! Cowley.
Home the fwain retreats.
His flock before himftepping to the fold. Thomfcn's Summer.
Step. n.f. [ytaep, Saxon; ftap, Dutch.]
1. Progreflion by one removal of the foot.
Thou found and firm-fet earth,
Hear not myfteps, which way they walk. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Ling’ring perdition, worfe than any death
Can be at once, (hall ftep byftep attend
You and your ways. Shakefpeare's Tempeft.
Who was the fird to explore th’ untrodden path.
When life was hazarded in everyftep ? Addifon's Cato.
2. One remove in climbing; hold for the foot; a dair.
While Solyman lay at Buda, feven bloody heads of bifliops,
(lain in the battle, were all fet in order upon a woodenftep.
Knolles's Hiftory of the Turks.
The breadth of every Angleftep or dair (hould be never lefs
than one foot, nor more than eighteen inches. Wotton.
Thofe heights where William’s virtue might have daid.
And on the fubjedl world look’d fafely down.
By Marlbro’ pafs’d, the props and fteps were made
Sublimer yet to raife his queen’s renown. Prior.
It was a faying among the ancients, truth lies in a well;
and, to carry on this metaphor, we may judly fay, that logick
does fupply us with fteps, whereby we may go down to reach
the water. Watts.
3. Quantity of fpace paffed or meafured by one removal of the
foot.
The gradus, a Roman meafure, may be tranflated a ftep, or
the half of a paffus or pace. Arbuthnot on Coins.
4. A fjmall length; a fmall fpace.
There is but a ftep between me and death. 1 Sa. xx. 3.
5. Walk; paflage.
O may thy pow’r, propitious dill to me,
Condudl myfteps to find the fatal tree
In this deep fored. Dryden's Ain.
6. Progreflion; adl of advancing.
To derive two or three general principles 'of motion from
phaenomena, and afterwards to tell us how the properties and
adlions of all corporeal things follow from thofe manifeft
principles, would be a very greatftep in philofophy, though
the caufes of thofe principles were not yet difcovcred. Newton.
One
S T E
One injury is beft defended by a fecond, and this by a third:
l>y thefe fteps the old matters of the palace in France became
matters of the kingdom; and by thefe fteps a general, during
pleafure, might have grown into a general for life, and a ge¬
neral for life into a Icings Swift.
The querift mutt not proceed too fwiftly towards the deter¬
mination of his point, that he may with more eafe draw the
learner to thofe principles ftep byJ'tep, from whence the final
conclufion will arife. Watts.
y. Footftep; print of the foot.
From hence Aftrea took her flight, and here
The prints of her departing//^ appear. Dryden's Virgil.
8. Gait; manner of walking.
Sudden from the golden throne
With a fubmifliveftep I hatted down ;
J he glowing garland from my hair I took.
Love in my heart, obedience in my look. Prior:
9. Action; inftance of conduct.
The reputation of a man depends upon the firft fteps he
makes in the world. Pope.
Step, in compofition, fignifies one who is related only by marriage. [Steop, Saxon, from ptepan, to deprive ox make an or¬
phan : for the Saxons not only faid aftep-mother, but aftepdaughter, or ftep-fon\ to which it indeed, according to this
etymology, more properly belongs: but as it is now feldom
applied but to the mother, it feems to mean, in the mind of
thofe who ufe it, a woman who has Jlepped into the vacant
place of the true mother.]
How fhould their minds chufe but mifdoubt, lett this difeipline, which always you match with divine do&rine as her
natural and true fitter, be found unto all kinds of knowledge
a ftep-mother. Hooker.
His wanton ftep-dame loved him the more;
But when (he faw her offered fweets refufe.
Her love fhe turn’d to hate. Fairy Sjhieen.
You (hall not find me, daughter,
After the flander of moft ftep-mothers,
Ul-ey’d unto you. Sbakef Cymbeline.
A father cruel, and aftep-dame falfe. Shakefpeare.
Cato the elder, being aged, buried his wife, and married
a young woman : his fon came to him, and faid. Sir, what
have I offended, that you have brought a ftep-mother into your
houfe ? The old man anfwered, Nay, quite the contrary, fon;
thou pleafeft me fo well, as I would be glad to have more
fuch. Bacon.
The name offtep-dame, your practis’d art,
By which you have eftrang’d my father’s heart.
All you have done againft me, or defign,
Shows your averfion, but begets not mine. Dryd. Aurengz:
Aftep-dame too I have, a curfed fhe,
Who rules my hen-peck’d fire, and orders me. Dryden.
Any body would have gueffed mifs to have been bred up
tinder the influence of a cruelftep-dame, and John to be the
fondling of a tender mother. Arbuthn. Hijl. ofJohn Bull.
Ste'ppingstone. n. f. [ftep and ftone.] Stone laid to catch
the foot, and fave it from wet or dirt.
Like fteppingftones to fave a ftride,
In ftreets where kennels are too wide. Swift.
Stercora'ceous. adj. [ftercoraceus, Latin.] Belonging to
dung; partaking of the nature of dung.
Green juicy vegetables', in a heap together, acquire a heat
equal to that of a human body; then a putrid ftercoraceous
tafte and odour, in tafte refembling putrid flefh, and in fmell
human faeces. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Stercora'tion. n.f [from ftercora, Latin.] The a<5t of
dunging; the a£t of manuring with dung.
The firft help isftercoration: the fheeps dung is one of the
beft, and next the dung of kine, and that of horfes. Bacon.
Stereoration is feafonabie. Evelyn's Kalendar.
• The exteriour pulp of the fruit ferves not only for the fecurity of the feed, whilft it hangs upon the plant, but, after it is
fallen upon the earth, for theftercoration of the foil, and pro¬
motion of the growth, though not the firft germination of the
feminal plant. j^ay on tj)e Creation.
Stereo graphy.^ n.f [rrproj and ygcl(pu; Jlereographie, Fr.]
The art of drawing the forms of folids upon a plane. Harris.
Stereo metry. n.f [rr^oj and w; Jlereometrie, French.]
The art of meafuring all forts of folid bodies. Harris.
STE'RIL. adj. [flerile, French ; fterilis, Latin ] Barren; un¬
fruitful; not productive; wanting fecundity.
Our elders fay.
The barren, touched in this holy chafe.
Shake off’ theirfteril curfe. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
Thy fea margefteril, and rocky hard. Sbakef Tempeft.
In veryfteril years corn fown will grow to another kind.
Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
To feparate feeds, put them in water : fuch as are corrupted
and fteril fwim. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
She is grown fteril and barren, and her births of animals
ar\?{/0W VCr^ 'ncon^erable. More's Antidote againft Atheifm.
When the vegetative ftratum was once wafhed off' by rains,
the hills would have become barren, the ftrata below yieldS T E
ing only merefterile and mineral matter, fuch as was inept for
.1 r . • r _i..LI_ rrr the --x-formation —— of vegetables. O Woodivard.
Steri'lity. n.f. [Jlerilite, French; Jlerilitas, from Jterilis,
Latin.] Barrennefs; want of fecundity; unfruitfulnefs.
Spain is thin fown of people, by reafon of the fterility of
the foil, and becaufe their natives are exhaufted by fo many
employments in fuch vaft territories. Bacon's IVar with Spain.
An eternal,yimV/Vy mutt have poftefled the world, where all
things had been fattened everlaftingly with the adamantine
chains of fpecifick gravity, if the Almighty had not faid. Let
the earth bring forth grafs, the herb yielding feed, and the
fruit-tree yielding fruit. Bentley's Sermons»
He had more frequent occafion for repetition than any poet 5
yet one cannot aferibe this to anyfterility of exprefllon, but to
the genius of his times, which delighted in thefe reiterated
verfes. Pope's Effay on Homer,
To Ste'rilize. v. a. [fromfteril.’] To make barren; to de¬
prive of fecundity, or the power of production.
May we not as well fuppofe the fterilizing the earth was
fufpended for fome time, ’till the deluge became the execu¬
tioner of it ? Woodward's Natural Hiftory.
Go! fterilize the fertile with thy rage. Savage.
Ste'rling. adj. [Of this word many derivations have been
offered; the moft probable of which is that offered by Camden, who derives it from the Eafterlings, who were employed
as coiners.]
1. An epithet by which genuine Englifh money is diferiminated.
The king’s treafure of ftore, that he left at his death,
amounted unto eighteen hundred thoufand poundsfterling.
.Bacon s Henry VII.
Several of them would rather chufe to count out a fum in
fefterces than in poundsfterling. Addifon.
2. Genuine; having paft the teft.
There is not one Angle witty phrafe in this collection,
which hath not received the ftamp and approbation of one
hundred years: he may therefore be fecure to find them all
genuine, fterling, and authentick. Swift's Polite Converfation.
Ste'rling. n.f. [flerlingum, low Lat. from the adjective.]
1. Englifh coin ; money.
This vifionary various projects tries,
And knows that to be rich is to be wife:
By ufeful obfervation he can tell
The facred charms that in truefterling dwell;
How gold makes a patrician of a Have,
A dwarf an Atlas, a Therfites brave. Garth.
Great name, which in our rolls recorded ftands,
Leads honours, and protects the learned bands.
Accept this offering to thy bounty due.
And Roman wealth in Englifh fterling view. C. Arbuthnot:
2. Standard rate.
STERN, aaj. [j-cypn, Saxon.]
1. Severe of countenance; truculent of afpect;
Why look you ftill fo ftern and tragical. Shakef. H. VI*
I would outftare the fterneft eyes that look,
Outbrave the heart moft daring on the earth,
Pluck the young fucking cubs from the fhe-bear.
Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey,
1 o win thee, lady. Shakef Merchant ofVenice.
It fhall not be amifs here to prefent theftern but lively coun¬
tenance of this fo famous a man. Knolles's Hift. ofthe Turks.
Gods and men
Fear’d herftern frown, and fhe was queen o’ th’ woods. Milt.
2. Severe of manners; harfh; unrelenting ; cruel.
My fometime general.
I’ve feen theeftern, and thou haft oft beheld
Heart-hard’ning fpectacles. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Women arefoft, mild, pitiful, and flexible;
Thouftern, obdurate, flinty, rough, remorfelefs. Shakefp.
The common executioner,
Whofe heart th’ accuftom’d fight of death makes hard.
Falls not the ax upon the humbled neck,
But firft begs pardon; will you ftemer be
Than he that deals and lives by bloody drops ? Shakefpeare.,
Did this in Csefar feem ambitious?
When that the poor have cry’d, Csefar hath wept;
Ambition fhould be made of ftemer fluff. Shak. Jul. Car. Then fhall the war, andftern debate and ftrife
Immortal, be the bus’nefs of my life;
And in thy fane the dufty fpoils among,
High on the burnifh’d roof, my banner fhall be hung. Dryd*
Howftern as tutors, and as uncles hard,
We lafh the pupil and defraud the ward. Drvden's Pert
3. Hard ; afflictive. *'*
If wolves had at thy gate howl’d thatftern time,
Thou fhouldft have faid, Go, porter, turn the kev
All cruels elfe fubferib’d. Shakefp. King Lear.
-riT \1‘ \ Crteon> Saxon. Of the fame original withfteer.]
I, The hind part of the fhip where the rudder is placed.
et a baibarous Indian, who had never feen a fhip, viewthtf
feparate and disjointed parts, as the prow and ftern, the ribs,
malts, ropes, and fhrouds, he would form but a very lame
idea of it. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
They
%
S T E S T I
They turn their heads to fea, their [terns to land. Dryd.
2. Poft of management; direction.
The king from Eltam I intend to fend,
And fit at chicfeftftern of publick weal. Sbakef. H. VI.
3. The hinder part of any thing.
She all at once her bcaftly body raifed,
With doubled forces high above the ground,
Though wrapping up her wreathedJtern around. Fa. gh/een.
Ste'rnage. n.f. [from ftern.] The fteerage or ftern. Not
ufed.
Grapple your minds tofternage of this navy,
And leave your England as dead midnight ftill. Shakefpeare.
Ste'rnly. adj. [from ftern.] In a ftern manner} feverely}
truculently.
Sternly he pronounc’d
The rigid interdiction. Miltons Farad. Lojl.
Yet fure thou art not, nor thy face the fame.
Nor thy limbs moulded in fo foft a frame;
Thou look’d; morejternly, do’ft more ftrongly move,
And more of awe thou bear’d:, and lefts of love. Dryden.
Ste'rnness. n.f [fromftern.]
1. Severity of look.
Of ftaturehuge, and eke of courage bold,
That fons of men amaz’d theirfternnefs to behold. Spenfer<
How would he look to fee his work fo noble
Wildly bound up ! or how
Should I, in thefe my borrow’d flaunts, behold
The fternnefs of his prefence ! Shakefpeare.
2. Severity or harfhnefs of manners.
I have fternnefs in my foul enough
To hear of foldiers work. Dryden's Cleomenes.
Ste'rnon. n.f. [r^vov.] The breaft-bone.
A foldier was fhot in the breaft through thefternon. Wifeman.
Sternuta'tion. n.f. \_fternutatio, Latin. J The a£t of
fneezing.
Sternutation is a convulftve fhaking of the nerves and mufcles, firft occaftoned by an irritation of thofe in the noftrils.
jfuincy.
Concerning fternutation, or fneezing, and the cuftom of
faluting upon that motion, it is generally believed to derive its
original from a difeafe wherein fternutation proved mortal,
and fuch as fneezed died. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Sternu'tative. adj. [flernutatif\ Fr. from fternuto, Latin.]
Having the quality of fneezing.
Sternu'tatory. n.f. [flernutatoire, Fr. from fternuto, Lat.]
Medicine that provokes to fneeze.
Phyftcians, in perfons near death, ufe fternutatories, or fuch
medicines as provoke unto fneezing ; when if the faculty arife,
and fternutation enfueth, they conceive hopes of life. Brown.
Ste'ven. n.f. [ptepen, Saxon.] Aery, or loud clamour.
Ne fooner was out, but fwifter than thought,
Faft by the hide, the wolf Lowder caught;
And had not Roffy renne to thefteven,
Lowder had been flain thilke fame even. Spenfer.
To Stew. v.a. [eftuver, French; ftoven, Dutch.]
To feeth any thing in a flow moift heat.
Ere I was rifen from the place, that (how’d
My duty kneeling, came a reeking poft,
Stew'd in his hafte, half breathlefs. Shakefp. King Lear.
I bruifed my fkin with playing at fword and dagger with a
mafter of fence, three veneys for a difh offtew'd prunes. Shak.
To Stew. v.n. To be feethed in a flow moift heat.
Stew. n.f. [eftuve, French; [tufa, Italian; eftufa, Spanifli.]
1. A bagnio ; a hot-houfe.
As burning/Etna from his bo\Y\ng ftew
Doth belch out flames, and rocks in pieces broke,
And ragged ribs of mountains molten new,
Enwrapt in coal-black clouds and filthy fmoke. Fa. Sfuecn.
The Lydians were inhibited by Cyrus to ufe any ar¬
mour, and give themfelves to baths and ftews. Abbot.
2. A brothel; a houfe of proftitution. [This fignification is by
fome imputed to this, that there were licenfed brothels near
the ftews or fiftiponds in Southwark ; but probablyftew, like
bagnio, took a bad fignification from bad ufe.]
There be that hate harlots, and never were at theftews; that
abhor falfhood, and never brake promife. Afcham.
My bufinefs in this ftate
Made me a looker-on here in Vienna,
Where I have feen corruption boil and bubble,
M ill it o’er-run the ftew. Shakefpeare.
With them there are noftews, no diflolute houfes, no curtefans. Bacon's New Atlantis.
Her, though feven years Ihe in the ftews had laid,
A nunnery durft receive and think a maid
And though in childbirth’s labour (he did lie,
Midwives would iwear ’twere but a tympany. Donne.
What mod rate fop would rake the park orftews.
Who among troops of faultlefs nymphs can chufe? Rofcom.
Making his own houfe a ftews, a bordel, and a fchool of
lewdnefs, to inftill the rudiments of vice into the unwary
flexible years of his poor children. South's Sermons.
3. [Stouten, Dutch, to ftore.] A ftorepond; a final! pond where
Fifth are kept for the table.
STEWARD, n.f [ pnpajib, Saxon.]
1. One who manages the affairs of another.
I here fat yclad in red,
Down to the ground, a comely perforate,
7 hat in his hand a white rod managed;
Hefteward was, hight diet, ripe of age.
And in demeanour fofcer, and in council fage. Fa. f]ueen,
Whilft I have gold, I’ll be hisfteward ftiil. Shak. 7imon.
Take on you the charge
And kingly government of This your land ;
Not as protedfor, fteward, fubftitute,
Or lowly factor for another’s gain. Sbakef. Richard III.
How is it that I hear this of thee ? Give an account of thy
ftewardfhip; for thou mayeft be no \oogtrfteward. Lu. xvd.
When a fteward defrauds his lord, he muft connive at the
reft of the fervants while they are following the fame prac¬
tice. Swift.
What can be a greater honour than to be c’nofen one of the
ftewards and difpenfers of God’s bounty to mankind ? What
can give a generous ftpirit more complacency than to confider,
that great numbers owe to him, under God, their fubfiftence,
and the good conduct of their lives ? Swift.
2. An officer of ftate.
The duke of Suffolk is the firft, and claims
To be highfteward. Shakefpeare.
Stewardship, n. f. [ from fteward. ] The office of a
fteward.
in
The earl of Worcefter
Hath broke his ftaff, refign’d hisftewardfhip. Shakefp. R. II.
Shew us the hand of God
That hath difmifs’d us from ourftewardfhip. Slakefpcare.
If they are not employed to fuch purpofes, we are fal/e to
our truft, and the ftewardfhip committed to us, and fhall be
one day feverely accountable to God for it. Calamy's Sermons.
StEbial. adj. [from ftibium, Latin.] Antimonial.
The former depend upon a corrupt incinerated melancholy,
and the latter upon an aduftftibial or eruginous fulphur. Idarv.
StEcados. n.f. [flicadis, Latin.] An herb. Ainfivorth.
Stick, n.f. [yticca, Saxon; ftecco, Italian; feck, Dutch.] A
piece of wood fmall and long.
Onions as they hang will fhoot forth, and fowill the herb
orpin, with which in the country they trim their houfes, bind¬
ingit to a lath orftick fet againft a wall. Bacon's Nat. Hijtorj.
Some ftrike from clafhing flints their fiery feed.
Some gatherflicks the kindled flames to feed. Dryden.
To STICK, v.a. preterit0 ftuck’, participle paff.ftuck. [yncan,
Saxon.] To faften on fo as that it may adhere.
Two troops in fair array one moment fhow’d;
The next, a field with fallen bodies ftrow’d :
The points of fpears are ftuck within the (hield.
The fteeds without their riders fcour the field.
The knights unhors’d. Dryden.
Would our ladies, inftead of [ticking on a patch againft
their country, facrifice their necklaces againft the common
enemy, what decrees ought not to be "made
vour ?
Oh for fome pedant reign,
Some gentle James to blefs the land again ;
Toftick the dodtor’s chair unto the throne.
Give law to words, or war with words alone.
To Stick, v. n.
1. To adhere; to unite itfelf by its tenacity or penetrating
power.
I will caufe the fifh of thy rivers to ftick unto thy feales. Ez.
The green caterpillar breedeth in the inward parts of rofes
not blown, where the dewfticketk. Bacon.
Though the fword be put into the (heath, we muft not fuffer it there to ruft, orftick fo faft as that we (hall not be able
to draw it readily, when need requires. Raleigh2. To be infeparable; to be united with any thing. Generally
in an ill fenfe.
Now does he feel
His fecret murthers [ticking on his hands. Shakefp. Macbeth.
He is often ftigmatized with it, as a note of infamy, toftick
by him whilft the world lafteth. Sander/on.
In their quarrels they proceed to calling names, ’till they
light upon one that is fure to ftick. Swiyt.
3. '1 o reft upon the memory painfully.
The going away of that which had ftaid fo long, doth yet
ftick with me. Bacon s Natural Hiftory.
4. Toftop; to lofe motion.
I fhudder at the name !
My blood runs backward, and my fault’ring tongue
Sticks at the found. Smith’s Phadra and Hippoliius.
5. To refift cmiffion.
Wherefore could I not pronounce amen ?
I had moft need of blefling, and amen
Stuck in my throat. Shakefp. Macbeth.
1 6. To
their faAddifon.
Pope.
1
S T I
6. To be conftant; to adhere With firmnefs.
The knave will/tick by thee, I can afture thee that: he will
not out, he is true bred. Shakejpeare's Henry IV.
The firft contains a /ticking faft to Chrift, when the Chriftian profelfion is perfecuted ; and the fecond a riling from fin,
as lie rofe, to a new Chriftian life, Hammond.
Some /tick to you, and fome to t’other fide. Dryden.
They could not but conclude, that to be their intereft, and
being fo convinced, purfue it and /tick to it. Tillot/on.
The advantage will be on our fide, if we/tick to its eflentials. Addi/on's Freeholder.
7. To be Jroublefome by adhering.
I am fatisfied to trifle away my time, rather than let it /tick
by me. Pope's Letters.
3. To remain ; not to be lofir.
Proverbial fentences are formed into a verfe, whereby they
/tick upon the memory. Watts,
r. To dwell upon; not to forfake.
If the matter be knotty, the mind mult flop and buckle to
it, and /tick upon it with labour and thought, and not leave
it ’till it has maftered the difficulty. Locke.
Every man, befides occafional affections, has beloved ftudies which the mind will more clofely/tick to. Locke.
10. To caufe difficulties or fcruple.
This is the difficulty that /ticks with the moil reafonable
of thofe who, from confcience, refufe to join with the Revo¬
lution. Swift.
11. To fcruple; to hefitate.
It is a good point of cunning for a man to fhape the anfwer
be would have in his own words and propofitions; for it makes
the other party/tick the lefs. Bacon.
The church of Rome, under pretext of expofition of Scrip¬
ture, doth not/tick to add and alter. Bacon.
Rather than impute our mifearriages to our own corruption,
we do notJlick to arraign providence itfelf. UEftrange.
Every one without hefitatiort fuppofes eternity, and /ticks
not to aferibe infinity to duration. Locke.
That two bodies cannot be in the fame place is a truth
that no body any more/ticks at, than at this maxim, that it is
impoffible for the fame thing to be, and not to be. Locke.
To /tick at nothing for the publick intereft is reprefented as
the refined part of the Venetian wifdom. Addi/on on Italy.
Some/tick not to fay, that the parfon and attorney forged a
will. Arbutbnot.
12. 7'o be flopped ; to be unable to proceed.
If we fhould fail.
-We fail!
But ferew your courage to the/ticking place.
And we’ll not fail. Shakcfpeare's Macbeth.
They never doubted the commons; but heard all/tuck in
the lords houfe, and defired the names of thofe who hindered
the agreement between the lords and commons. Clarendon.
He threw: the trembling weapon pafs’d
Through nine bull-hides, each under other plac’d
On his broad fhield, and/tuck within the laft. Dryden.
13. To be emharrafled ; to be puzzled.
Where they ftick> they are not to be farther puzzled by
putting them upon finding it out themfelves. Locke.
They will/tick long at part of a demonftration, for want of
perceiving the connexion of two ideas, that, to one more
exercifed, is as vifible as any thing. Locke.
Souls a little more capacious can take in the connexion of
a few propofitions; but if the chain be prolix, here they/tick
and are confounded. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
14. To Stick out. To be prominent with deformity.
His flefh is confumed away that it cannot be feen, and his
bones that were not feen /tick out. J°b xxxiii. 21.
15. To Stick out. To be unemployed.
To Stick, v. a [yacian, Saxon; fteken, Dutch.]
1. To flab ; to pierce with a pointed inftrument.
The Heruli, when their old kindred fell flick, /tuck them
with a dagger. Grew.
2. 1 o fix upon a pointed body.
3. To fallen by transfixion.
Her death !
I’ll Hand betwixt: it firft (ball pierce my heart:
We will be /tuck together on his dart. Dryd. Tyran. Love.
4. To fet with fomething pointed.
A lofty pile they rear;
The fabrick’s front with cyprefs twigs they ftrew,
And/tick the Tides with boughs of baleful yew. Dryden.
Sti'ckiness. n.f [fromfticky.] Adhefive quality; vifeofity *
glutinoufncfs; tenacity.
To STI'CKLE. v. n. [from the practice of prizefighters, who
placed feconds with ftaves or/ticks to interpofc occafionally.J
*• To take part with one fide or other.
Fortune, aslhe’swont, turn’d fickle,
And for the foe began to/tickle. Hudibras.
2. To conteft; to altercate; to contend rather with obftinacy
than vehemence.
ket them go to’t, and Jtickle,
J
Whether a conclave, or a conventicle. Cleavelaml.
S T I
HeraldsJtickle, who got who,
So many hundred years ago. Hudibras.
3- To trim; to play faft and loole; to a£t a part between oppofites.
When he fees half of the Chriftians killed, and the reft in
a fair way of being routed, he/tickles betwixt the remainder of
God’s hoft and the race of fiends. Dryden's Juv. Dedication.
StFcklebag. n.f [ProperlyJlicklebacky from/tick) to prick.]
The fmalleft of frelh-water fifh.
A little fifh called a Jticklebag, without feales, hath his body
fenced with feveral prickles. Walton s Angler.
Stickler, n.f [from/tickle.]
1. A fidefman to fencers; a fecond to a duelliftf one whoftands
to judge a combat.
Bafilius came to part them, the/tickler's authority being un¬
able to perfuade cholerick hearers; and part them he did. Sidn.
Bafilius, the judge, appointed /ticklers and trumpets,
whom the others fhould obey. Sidney.
Our former chiefs, like Jticklers of the war,
Firft fought t’ inflame the parties, then to poife:
7’he quarrel lov’d, but did the caufe abhor;
And did not ftrike to hurt, but made a noife. Dryden.
2. An obftinatecontender about anything.
Quercetanus, though the grand /tickler for the tria priona,
has this conceffien of the irrefolublenefs of diamonds. Boyle.
The inferior tribe of common women have, in moft reigns,
been the profefled /ticklers for fuch as have a£led againft the
true intereft of the nation. Addi/on's Freeholder.
7 he tory or high church clergy were the greateftJticklers
againft the exorbitant proceedings of king James II. Szvift.
All place themfelves in the lift of the national church,
though they are great/ticklers for liberty of confcience. Swift.
StEcky. adj. [from/tick.] Vifcous; adhefive; glutinous.
Herbs which laft longeft are thofe of ftrong fimell and with
__ a/tlciy ftalk. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
STIFF, adj [j-cip, Saxon; /tiff) Danlfh; ftyL Swedifh; jtifur,
Iflandicki fijf, Dutch.]
1. Rigid; inflexible; refilling flexure; not flaccid; not limber;
not eafily flexible; not pliant.
7 hey rifing onJiff pinions tower
The mid aerial fky. Milton.
The glittering robe
Hung floating loofe, or/tiff with mazy gold. Thom/on.
2. Notfoft; not giving way; not fluid; not eafily yielding to
the touch.
Still lefs and lefs my boiling fpirits flow;
And I grow/tiff as cooling metals do. Dryd. Indian Emp.
Mingling with that oily liquor, they were wholly incorpo¬
rate, and fo grew more Jtiff and firm, making but one fubflance. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
3. Strong; not eafily refilled.
On a /tiff gale
The Theban fwan extends his wings. Denham.
4. Hardy ; ftubborn ; not eafily fubdued.
HowJtiff is my vile fenfe,
That I Hand up, and have ingenious feeling
Of my huge forrows ! Better I were diftraFt! Shake/pearel
5- Obftinate; pertinacious.
We neither allow unmeet nor purpofe the /tiff defence of
any unneceflary cuftom heretofore received. Hooker.
Yield to others when there is caufe; but it is a fhairre to
Hand /tiff in a foolifh argument. Taylor.
A war enfues, the Cretans own their caufe.
Stiff to defend their hofpitable laws. Dryden.
6. Harlh; not written with eafe; conftrained.
7. Formal; rigorous in certain ceremonies; not difengaged in
behaviour; ftarched ; affedled.
The French are open, familiar, and talkative ; the Italians
ftiff^ ceremonious, and referved. Addi/on on Italy.
8. In Shake/peare it feems to mean ftrongly maintained, or afferted with good evidence.
This is fttiff news. Shake/peare.
To Sti'ffen. v. a. [j-ttpian, Saxon.]
1. To make ftiff; to make inflexible; to make unpliant.
When the blaft of war blows in our ears,
Stiffen the finews, fummon up the blood,
Difguife fair nature with hard favour’d rage. Shake/ H. V.
He ftffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning
unto the Lord. 2 Chron. xxxvi. i?„
The poor, by them difrobed, naked lie,
Veil’d with no other covering but the fky;
Expos’d toftff'ning frofts, and drenching fhowers,
Which thicken’d air from her black bofom pours. Sandys
Her eyes grow/tiffin'd, and with fulphur burn.* Dryden
2. To make obftinate. ^
Pierftiff'ning grief,
Who faw her children flaughter’d all at once
Was dull to mine. Dryden andLet.
To Sti ffen, v. n.
*• Fo grow ftiff; to grow rigid ; to become unpliant.
t a^°nilh d, and ftruck dumb with fear,
I flood; like hriftles jofe mv ftff'ning hair. Drydeni
25 F ' Fix’d
s T I
Fix’d in aftonifhment T gaze upon thee,
Like one juft blafted by a ftroke from heaven,
Who pants for breath, and fiffens yet alive ;
In dreadful looks, a monument of wrath. Addifon's Cato,
2,To grow hard ; to be hardened.
The tender foil, then fiffening by degrees.
Shut from the bounded earth the bounding Teas. Dryden.
3* To grow lefs fufeeptive of impreffion ; to grow obftinate.
Some fouls, we fee,
Grow hard and /tiffin with adverfity. Dryden.
Stiffhea'rted. adj. [ftff and heart.'] Obftinate j ftubborn ; contumacious.
They are impudent children, and ft'ffhearted. Ezek. Yu
Sti'ffly. adv. [from ftff.] Rigidly ; inflexibly ; ftubbornly.
In matters divine, it is ftill maintainedftiffly, that they have
no ftiffnecked force. Hooker.
I commended them that flood fo ftiffly for the Lord. 2 E/dr.
The Indian fig of itfelf multiplied! from root to root, the
plenty of the fapand the foftnefs of the ftalk making the bough,
being overloaden and notftiffly upheld, to weigh down. Bacon.
Sti'ffnecked. adj. [/iff and neck.] Stubborn 3 obftinate;
contumacious.
An infinite charge to her majefty, to fend over fuch an
army as fhould tread down all that ftandeth before them on
foot, and lay on the ground all theftiffnecked. Spen/er.
This ftffneck'd pride, nor art nor force can bend,
Nor high-flown hopes to reafon’s lure defeend. Denham.
Sti'ffness. n.f. [from/iff.]
1. Rigidity; inflexibility; hardnefs; ineptitude to bend.
Theftiffnefs and drynefs ofiron to melt, muft beholpen by
moiftening or opening it. Bacon.
The willow bows and recovers, the oak is ftubborn and in¬
flexible ; and the punifhment of thatftiffnef is one branch of
the allegory. L’Eftrange.
2. Ineptitude to motion.
The pillars of this frame grow weak,
My finews flacken, and an icyftiffnefs
Benumbs my blood. Denham,
3. Tenfion ; not laxity.
To try new fhrouds, one mounts into the wind.
And one below, their eafe orftiffnefs notes. Dryden.
4. Obftinacy; ftubbornnefs; contumacioufnefs.
The vices of old age have the ftiffnefs of it too ; and as
it is the unfitteft time to learn in, fo the unfitnefs of it to un¬
learn will be found much greater. South's Sermons.
Firmnefs or ftiffnefs of the mind is not from adherence to
truth, but fubmiffion to prejudice. Locke.
Thefe hold their opinions with the greateftftiffnefs ; being
generally the mod fierce and firm in their tenets. Locke.
5. Unpleafing formality; conftraint.
All this religion fat eafily upon him, without any of that
ftiffnefs and conftraint, any of thofe forbidding appearances
which difparage the a&ions of the fincerely pious. Atterhury.
6. Rigoroufnefs; harfhnefs.
There fill yourfelf with thofe moft joyous fights;
But fpeak no word to her of thefe fad plights,
Which her too conftantftiffnefs doth conftrain. Spenfer.
7. Manner of writing, not eafy but harfh and conftrained.
Rules and critical obfervations imprqve a good genius,
where nature leadeth the way, provided he is not too ferupulous; for that will introduce a ftiffnefs and affe£tation, which
are utterly abhorrent from all good writing. Felton.
To Stifle, v. a. [efoufer, French.]
1. To opprefs or kill by clofenefs of air; to fufFocate.
Where have you been broiling ?
—Among the croud i’ th’ abbey, where a finger
Cou’d not be wedg’d in more; I amfifed
With the mere ranknefs of theirjoy. Shakefpeare.
Pray’r againft his abfolute decree,
No more avails than breath againft the wind ;
Blownfifing back on him that breathes it forth. Milton.
T hat part of the air that we drew out, left the more room
for the ftffing fleams of the coals to be received into it. Boyle.
Stifled with kifles a fweet death he dies. Dryden.
At one time they keep their patients fo clofe and warm, as
almoft to fife them with care; and all on a fudden, the
cold regimen is in vogue. Baker.
I took my leave, being halffifed with the clofenefs 'of the
ro°tn. Swift's Account of Partridge's Death.
2. To keep in; to hinder from emiffion.
Whilft bodies become coloured by reflecting or tranfmitting
this or that fort of rays more copioufly than the reft, they flop
and fife in themfelves the rays which they do not reflect or
tranlmit. . Newton's Opticks.
3. I o extinguifh by hindering communication.
4. I o extinguifh by artful or gentle means. .
Lvery reafonablc man will pay a tax with chearfulnefs for
fifing a civil war in its birth. Addifin's Freeholder.
5. lofupprels; to conceal.
If t prove thy fortune, Polydore, to conquer,
Truft me, and let me know thy love’s fuccefs
That I may ever afterftifie mine. Otway's Orphan.
S T I
Thefe conclufions have been acknowledged by tlie difpufcii
themfelves, till with labour and ftudy they had fifedtheir firft
conviiStions. Rogers.
You excel in the art offifing arid concealing your refentment. Swift.
STROMA, n.f. [fii^ma, Latin.]
1. A brand; a mark with a hot iron.
2. A mark of infamy.
Stigma'tical. ) adj. [from fiigtna.] Branded of marked
Sti'gmatick. J with fome token of infamy.
Foul ftigmatick, that’s more than thou can’ft tell. Shake
Thou’rt like a foul mifhapen ftigmatick.
Mark’d by the deftinies to be avoided. Shakcfpeara
He is deformed, crooked, old and ere,
Vicious, ungentle, foolifh, blunt, unkind,
Stigmaticalm making, worfe in mind. Shakefpeare.
To Stigmatize, v.a. [ftigmatifer, French, from ftigma.]
To mark with a brand; to difgrace with a note of re¬
proach.
Men of learning who take to bufinefs, difeharge it with
greater honefty than men of the world; bccaufe the former in
reading have been ufed to find virtue extolled and \\ctftig~
matized, while the latter have feen vice triumphant and virtue
difcountenanced. Addifon.
Sour enthufiafts affect to ftigmatize the fineft and moft ele¬
gant authors both ancient and modern, as dangerous to reli¬
gion. Addifon s Freeholder.
The privileges of juries fhould be afeertained, and who¬
ever violates themftigmatized by publick cenfure. Swifty
Sti'lar. adj. [from ftile.] Belonging to the ftile of a
dial.
At fifty one and a half degrees, which is London’s latitude,
make a mark, and laying a ruler to the center ofthe plane and
to this mark, draw a line for theftilar line. Moxon.
Stile, n.f [ptigele, from pagan, Sax. to climb.]
1. A fet of fteps to pafsfrom one enclofure to another.
There comes my mafterand another gentleman from Frogmare over the ftile this way. Shakefpeare.
If they draw feveral ways, they be ready to hang themfelves
upon every gate orftile they come at. L'Efrange.
The little ftrutting pile,
Ycm fee juft by the church-yard [tile. Swift.
2. [Stile, Fr.] A pin to caft the fhadow in a fun dial.
EreCt theftile perpendicularly over the fubftilar line, fo as
to make an angle with the dial plane equal to the elevation of
the pole of your place. .Moxon's Mech. Exercife.
STI'LETTO. n.f [Italian ;filet, Fr.] A fmall dagger, of which
the blade is not edged but round, with a fharp point.
When a fenator fhould be torn In pieces, he hired one,
who entering into the fenate-houfe, fhould affault him as an
enemy, to the ftate; and ftabbinghim withfiilettoes leave him
to be torn by others. Hakewill on Providence.
To S TILL. v. a. [pillan, Szx.fiillcn, Dutch.]
1. Tofilence; to make filent.
Is this the fcourge of Francs ? .
Is this the Talbot fo much fear’d abroad,
That with his name the mothersftill their babes. Shakefp.
2. To quiet; to appeafe.
In all refrainings of anger, it is the bell remedy to make a
man’s felf believe, that the opportunity of revenge is not yet
come ; but that he forefees a time for it, and fo toftill himfelf in the mean time, and referve it. Bacon.
3. To make motronlefs.
He having a full fway over the water, had power to ftill
and campofe it, as well as to move and difturb it. Woodward.
The third fair morn now blaz’d upon the main.
Then glafiy fmooth lay all the liquid plain,
The winds were hufh’d, the billows fcarcely curl’d,
And a dead filenceftill'd the watry world. Pope.
Still, adj. [fill, Dutch.]
1. Silent; uttering no noife. It is well obferved by Junius, that
ft is the found commanding filence.
We do not a£t, that often jeft and laugh:
’Tis old but true, /till fwine eat all the draugh. Shakefp.
Your wife Odtavia, with her modeft eyes,
Andyii//conclufion, fhall acquire no honour,
Demuring upon me. Shakefpeare's Antony and Cleopatra.
The ftorm was laid, the winds retir’d,
Obedient to thy will;
The fea that roar’d at thy command.
At thy command wasftill. Addifon.
2. Quiet; calm.
Atin when he fpied
Thus inftill waves of deep delight to wade,
Fiercely approaching to him loudly cry’d. Fairy Sfiuecn.
From hence my lines and I depart,
I to my foftftill walks, they to my heart;
I to the nurfe, they to the child of art. Donne.
Religious pleafure moves gently, and therefore corrftantly.
It does not affedt by rapture, but is like the pleafure of health,
which is ftr/l and fober. South’s Sermons.
Hop*
s T i
Hope quickens all the/till parts of life, find keeps the mind
awake in her mod remifs and indolent hours. Addifon.
Silius Italicus has reprefented it as a very gentle and [till
river, in the beautiful delcription he has given of it. Addifom
How all things liften, while thy mufe complains;
Such filence waits on philomela’s (trains,
In fome/till ev’ning, when the whifp’ring breeze
Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. Pope.
3. Motionlefs.
Gyrecia fit/till, but with no fill penfivenefs. Sidney.
Though the body feally moves, yet not changing perceiveable didance with other bodies, as fall as the ideas of our minds
follow in train, the thing feems to dand /till, as we find in
the hands of clocks. Locke.
That in this ftate of ignorance, we fhort-fighted creatures
might not miftake true felicity, we are endowed with a power
to fufpend any particular defire. This is (landing/till where
we are not fufficiently aflured. Locke.
This (lone, O Syfiphiis, (landsJtill;
Ixion reds upon his wheel. Pope.
Still, n.f. Calm; filence.
Herne the hunter.
Sometime a keeper here in Windfor fored,
Doth all the winter time atjtill of mid-night.
Walk round about an oak with ragged horns.
Shakefpeare.
— He had never any jealoufy with his father, which might give
occafion of altering court or council upon the change; but all
things pafs’d in aJtill. Bacons Henry VII.
Still, adv. [ytille, Saxor.]
1. To this time; till now.
It hath been anciently reported, and is [till received, that
extreme applaufes of great multitudes have fo rarified the air,
that birds flying over have fallen down. Bacon.
Thou, O matron!
Here dying to the (hore had left thy name:
Cajeta[till the place is call’d from thee,
The nurfe of great ./Eneas’ infancy. Dryden's AEneid.
2. Neverthelefs; notwithdanding.
The defire of fame betrays the ambitious man into inde¬
cencies that lefien his reputation ; he is Jtill afraid led any of
his atfions fhould be thrown away in private. Addifon.
3. In an encreafing degree.
As God fometimes addreffes himfelf in this manner to the
hearts of men; fo, if the heart will receive fuch motions by a
ready compliance, they will return more frequently, and [till
more and more powerfully. South.
The moral perfedlions of the Deity, the more attentively
We confider them, the more perfectly [till (hall we know them.
Atterbury.
i^. Always; ever; continually.
Unlefs God from heaven did by vifion/till (hew them what
to do, they might do nothing. Hooker.
My brain I’ll prove the female to my foul;
My foul, the father; and thefe two beget
A generation of [till-breeding thoughts. Shakefpeare.
Whom the difeafe of talking//// once poflefleth, he can ne¬
ver hold his peace, Ben. Johnfon.
He told them, that if their king were/till abfent from them,
they would at length crown apes. Davies on Ireland.
Chyrriids would be rich, if they could/till do in great quan¬
tities, what they have fometimes done in little. Boyle.
Trade begets trade, and people go much where many people
are already gone: fo men run /till to a crowd in the ftreets,
though only to fee. Temple.
The fewer[till you name, you wound the more.
Bond is but one; but Harpax is a fcore. Pope.
5. After that.
In the primitive church, fuch as by fear being compelled to
(acrifice to drange gods, after repented, and kept/till the of¬
fice of preaching the gofpel. Whitgifte.
6. In continuance.
I with my hand at midnight held your head*
And, like the watchful minutes to the hour,
Still and anon chear’d up the heavy time,
Saying, what want you? Shakefpeare's King John.
Still, n.f. [from diftil.] A vefiel for didillation; an alembick.
Nature’s-confe6lioner, the bee,
Whofe fuckets are moid alchimy;
Thefill of his refining mold.
Minting the garden into gold. Cleaveland.
In diddling hot fpirits, if the head of the [till be taken off,
the vapour which afeends out of the fill will take fire at the
flame of a candle, and the flame will run along the vapour
from the candle to the [till. Newton's Opticks.
This fragrant fpirit is obtained from all plants in the lead
aromatick, by a cold fill, with a heat not exceeding that of
fummer. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
To Still, v. a. [from diftil.] Todidil; to extra# or ope¬
rate upon by didillation.
S T I
To Still, v.h. [[Mo, Latin.] To drop; to fall in drd]5Si
Out of ufe.
His feeptre ’gaind the ground he threw.
And tearsfill'd front him which mov’d all the crew. Chapm.
Short thick fobs, whofe thund’ring volleys float.
And roul themfelves over her lubric throat
In panting murmurs, [till'd out of her bread;
That ever-bubbling fpring. . ' Crafaw.
Stillati'tious. adj. [fillatitius, Latin.] Falling in drops;
drawn by a dill.
Sti'llatory. n.f. [from fill or diftil.']
1. An alembick; a vefiel in which didillation is performed.
In all fillatories, the vapour is turned back upon itfelf, by
the encounter of the fides ot the ftillatory. Bacon.
2. The room in which dills are placed ; laboratory.
All offices that require heat, as kitchins; fillatories, doves,
(hould be meridional. IVotton's Architecture.
Thefe are nature’sfillatories, in whofe caverns the amend¬
ing vapours are congealed to that univerfal aquavit®, that good
fre(h water. More's Antidote againft Atbeifm.
Stillborn, adj. [fill and born.] Bom lifelefs; dead in the
birth.
Grant that our hopes, yet likely of fair birth.
Should beJtillborn ; and that we now polled
The utmofl man of expectation; we are
A body drong enough to equal with the king. Shak.
Many cafualties were but matter offenfe, as whether a child
Were abortive or ftillborn. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
The pale affidants on each other dar’d,
With gaping mouths for ifliiing words prepar’d :
The ftillborn founds upon the palate hung.
And dy’d imperfe# on the falt’ring tongue. Dryden.
I know a trick to make you thrive ;
O, ’tis a quaint device !
Yourftillborn poems (hall revive.
And fcorn to wrap up fpice. Swift.
Sti'llicidb. n. f. [[tillicidium, Latin.] A fucceflion of
drops.
Thefillicides of water, if there be water enough to follow,
will draw themfelves into a fmall thread ; becaufe they will
not difeontinue. . Bacon's Natural Hifory.
Stillici'dious. adj. [fromftillicide.] Falling in drops.
Crydal is found fometimes iii rocks, and in fome places not
unlike the dirious orJiillicidious dependencies of ice. Brown.
StFllness. n.f. [from[till.]
1. Calm; quiet.
How fweet the moonlight deeps upon this bank !
Here will we fit, and let the founds of mufick
Creep in our ears; foftJttllnef and the night
Become the touches of fweet harmony. Shakefpeare.
When black clouds draw down the lab’ring (kies.
And horridJiillnefs fird invades the ear ;
And in that filence we the temped fear. Dryden.
Virgil, to heighten the horrour of zEneas’ paffing by this
coad, has prepared the reader by Cajeta’s funeral and theftillnefs ofthe night. Dryden:
If a houfe be on fire, thofe at next door may efcape, by the
ftillnefs of the weather. Swift•
2. Silence; taciturnity.
The gravity and ftillnefs of your youth
The world hath noted. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Sti'llstand. n.f. [[till andftand.] Abfence of motion.
The tide fwell’d up unto his height.
Then makes a ftillftand, running neither way. Shakef eare.
Sti'lly. adv. [fromfill.]
I. Silently; not loudly.
From camp to camp, through the foul womb of night.
The hum of either army ftilly founds. Shakefp. Henry V.
2: Calmly; not tumultuoufly.
Stilts, n.f. [ftyltor, Swed ifli \felten, Dutch; poelcan.] Sup¬
ports on which boys raife themfelves when they walk.
Some could not be content to walk upon the battlements,
but they mud put themfelves upon[tilts. Howel's Eng. Tears.
The heron and fuch like fowl live of filhes, walk on long
[tilts like the people in the mardies. More's Ant. againft Atbeifm.
Meri mud not walk upon [tilts. L’Eftrange.
To STIMULATE, v. a. [ftimulo, Latin.]
1. To prick.
2. To prick forward; to excite by.fome pungent motive.
3. [In phyfick.] To excite a quick fenfation, with a deriva¬
tion towards the part.
Extreme cold [Emulates, producing fird a rigour, and then
a glowing heat; thofe things which JEmulate in the extreme
degree excite pain. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Some medicines lubricate, [and others both lubricate and
[Emulate. Sharp.
Stimulation.?/./ [[Emulation Latin.] Excitement; pun¬
gency.
Some perfons, from the fecret[Emulations of vanity or envy,-
defpife a valuable book, and throw contempt upon it by wholefala Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
To
S T I S T I
To STING, to. a. Preterite, Iflung, participle paffive Jlahg^
and flung, [ptinjan, Saxon ; ftungen, fore pricked, [flandick.]
X. To pierce or wound with a point darted out, as that of wafps
or fcorpions.
The fnake, rolled in a flow’ry bank.
With fhining checker’d {lough, dothfling a child
That for the beauty thinks it excellent. Shakefpeare.
That fnakes and vipers/ting and tranfmit their mifehief by
the tail is noteafily to bejuftified, the poifon lying about the
teeth and communicated by the bite. Browns Vulgar Errours.
2. To pain acutely.
His unkindnefs
That ftript her from his benediflion, turn’d her
To foreign cafualties, gave her dear right,
To his doghearted daughters: thefe things fting him
So venomoufly, that burning fhame detains him
From his Cordelia. Shakefpeare.
No more I wave
To prove the hero.—Slander flings the brave. Pope.
Sting, n. f. [from the verb.]
1. A {harp point with which fome animals are armed, and which
is commonly venomous.
Serpents have venomous teeth, which are miftaken for their
fling. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
His rapier was a hornet’s fling,
It was a very dangerous thing:
For if he chanc’d to hurt the king,
It would be long in healing. Drayton.
2. Any thing that gives pain.
The Jews receiving this book originally with fuch fling in
it, {hews that the authority was high. Forbes.
3. The point in the laft verfe.
It is not the jerk orfting of an epigram, nor the feeming
contradiction of a poor antithefis. Dryden.
Sti'ngily. adv. [from ftingy.~\ Covetoufly.
StiNginess. n.f. [fromflingy] Avarice ; covetoufnefs; niggardlinefs.
Sti'ngless. adj. [fromfling.] Having no fting.
He hugs this viper when he thinks itftinglefs. Decay ofPiety.
StiNgo. n.f. [from thejharpnefs of the tafte.] Old beer. A
cant word.
StiNgy. adj. [A low cant word. In this word, with its de¬
rivatives, the g is pronounced as in gem.] Covetous ; nig¬
gardly; avaricious.
A flingy narrow hearted fellow that had a deal of choice
fruit, had not the heart to touch it till it began to be rotten.
L’EJlrange.
He relates it only by parcels, and wont give us the whole,
which forces me to befpeak his friends to engage him to lay
afide that flingy humour, and gratify the publick at once.
Arbuthnot's Hiflory ofJ. Bull.
To STINK, v. n. Preterite Iflunk orflank, [ptinian, Saxon;
flincken, Dutch.] To emit an offenfive fmell, commonly a
fmell of putrefaction.
John, it will beflinking law for his breath. Shakefpeare.
When the children of Ammon faw that they flank before
David, they fent and hired Syrians. 2 Sam. x. 6.
What a fool art thou, to leave thy mother for a naftyfunk¬
ing goat ? LiEflrange.
Molt of frrtells want names; fweet and flinking ferve our
turn for thefe ideas, which is little more than to call them
pleafing and difpleafing. Locke.
Chloris, this coftly way tofink give o’er,
’Tis throwing fweet into a common {hore;
Not all Arabia would fufficientbe,
Thou fmell’ft not of thy fweets, theyflink of thee. Granv.
Stink, n.f. [from the verb.] Offenfive fmell.
Thofeflinks which the noftrils ftraight abhor are not moft
pernicious, but fuch airs as have fome ftmilitude with man’s
body, and fo betray the fpirits. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
They {hare a fin; and fuch proportions fall.
That, like a fiink, ’tis nothing to them all. Dryden.
By what criterion do ye eat, d’ye think ?
If this is priz’d for fweetnefs, that forflink. Pope.
Sti'nkard. n.f [fromflink.) A mean {linking paltry fellow.
Sti'nker. n.f [from flinki\ Something intended to offend by
the fmell.
The air may be purified by burning of ftinkpots or flinkers
in contagious knes. Harvey.
Sti'nkingly. adv. [fromflinking."] Withaftink.
Can’ll thou believe thy living is a life,
So flinkingly depending ? Shakefpeare.
Sti'nkpot. n.f. [flunk and pot.] An artificial compofition
offenfive to the fmell.
The air may be purified by fires of pitch-barrels, efpecially
in clofe places, by burning offtinkpots. Harvey.
To Stint, v.a. [flynta, Swed.ftunta, Iflandick.] Tobound;
to limit; to confine; to reftrain ; to flop.
The reafon hereof is the end which he hath propofed, and
the 13w whereby his wifdom hath flinted the effects of his
power in fuch fort, that it doth not work infinitely, but corrcfpundently unto that end for which it worketh. Hooker.
I hen hopelcfs, heartlefs, ’gan the cunning thief,
Perfuade us die, to flint all further llrife. Fai/y Spueen.
Nature wifely flints our appetite,
And craves no more than undifturb’d delight. Dryden:
I {hall not go about to extenuate the latitude of the curfe
upon the earth, orJiint it only to the produdlion of weeds, but
give it its full fcope in an univerfal diminution of the fruitfulnefs of the earth. LVoodvuard.
A fuppoied heathen deity might be fo poor in his attributes,
foflinted in his knowledge, that a Pagan might hope to con¬
ceal his perjury from his notice. Addifon.
Few countries, which, if well cultivated, would not fupport double their inhabitants, and yet fewer where one third
are not extremely flinted in neceffaries. Swift.
Stint, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Limit; bound; reftraint.
We muft come at the length to fome paufe: for if every
thing were to be defired for fome other without any flint, there
could be no certain end propofed unto our actions, we fihould
go on we know not whither. Hooker.
Touching theflint or meafure thereof, rites and ceremonies,
and other external things of the like nature being hurtful unto
the church, either in refpedl of their quality, or in regard of
their number; in the former there could be no doubt or dif¬
ficulty what would be done; their deliberation in the latter
was more difficult. Hooker.
The exteriours of mourning, a decent funeral, and black
habits are the ufual flints of common hufbaads. Dryden.
2. A proportion ; a quantity affigned.
Ourflint of woe
Is common ; every day, a failor’s wife.
The mailers of fome merchant, and the merchant
Have juft our theme of woe. Shakefpeare.
He that gave the hint.
This letter for to print,
Muft alfo pay theflint. Denham.
How much wine drink you in a day? myflint in company
is a pint at noon. ’ Swift.
STIPEND. n.f [ftipendium, Latin.] Wages; fettled pay.
All the earth,
Her kings and tetrarchs are their tributaries;
People and nations pay them hourlyJtipends. Ben. Johnfort.
St. Paul’s zeal was expreffed in preaching without any offer¬
ings orflipend. ... Taylor.
Stipendiary, adj. [flipendiarius, Latin.] Receiving falaries ;
performing any fervice for a ftated price.
His greatflipendiary prelates came with troops of evil ap¬
pointed horfemen not half full. Linelies’s Hift. ofthe Turks.
Place redtories in the remaining churches, which are. now
ferved only byflipendiary curates. Swift.
Stipendiary, n.f. [flipendiaire,Fr.ftipendiarius, Latin.] One
who performs any fervice for a fettled payment.
This whole country is called the kingdom of Tunis; the
king whereof is a kind offlipendary unto the Turk. Abbot.
Sti ptick. }adj. [sWhxo?.] Having, the power to {launch
Stiptical. j blood; aftringent. This by analogy fhould be
writtenJlyptick.
I here is a fowrftiptick fait diffufed through the earth, which
paffing a concodion in plants, becometh milder. Brown.
From fpirit of fait, carefully dephlegmed and removed into
lower glaffes, having gently abftradled the whole, there re¬
mained in the bottom, and the neck of the retort, a great
quantity of a certain dry and Jtiptical fubllance, moftly of a
yello.wifli colour. Boyle.
In an effufion of blood, having doffils ready dipt in the royal
ftiptick, we applied them. IVifeman’s Surgery.
To STIPULATE, v.n. [flipulor, Latin ;Jiipuler, Fr.] *To
contrail; to bargain ; to fettle terms.
The Romans very much negledled their maritime affairs;
for they ftipulatcd with the Carthaginians to furnilh them
with {hips for tranfport and war. Arbuthnot.
Stipulation, n.f. \Jlipulation,¥i.fromftipulate] Bargain;
We promife obediently to keep all God’s commandments;
the hopes given by the gofpel depend on our performance of
thatftipulation. Rogers’s Sermons.
ToSnR. v.a. [ptipian, Saxon ; ftooren, Dutch.]
I. To move; to remove from its place.
My foot I had never yet in five days been able toftir but as
it was lifted. Temple.
Other fpirits
Shoot through their trails, and diftant mufcles fill :
This lov’reign, by his arbitrary nod,
Reftrains or fends his miniflers abroad,
Swift and obedient to his high command
Theyftir a finger, or they lift a hand. Blackmore.
2. To agitate; to .bring into debate.
Preferve the right of thy place, butftir not queftions ofjurifdiilion, and rather aflume thy right in filence than voice it
with claims. Bacon.
S One
S T I
One judgment in parliament, that cafes of that nature ought
to be determined according to the common law, is of treater
weight than many cafes to the contrary, wherein thequeftion
was notJUrred: yea, even though it ihould beJUrred and the
contrary affirmed. Hale.
3. To incite; to inftigate; to animate.
With him is come the mother queen ;
An Ate furring him to blood and flrife. Sbahfpeart.
If youJlir thefe daughters hearts
Againft their father, fool me not fo much
1 o bear it tamely. Sbakefpeare’s King Lear.
The foldters love her brother’s memory ;
And for her fake fome mutiny wi/1 J/ir. Dryden.
4. To Stir up. lo incite; to animate; to inftigate.
1 his would feem a dangerous commiflion, and ready toJlir
up all the irilh in rebellion. Speyer's Ireland.
I he greedy thirft ofroyal crown,
That knows no kindred, no regards, no right,
<SY/Vm/Porrex up to put his brother down. Spenfer.
(jodJlirred him up another adverfary. 1 Kings xi. 23.
The words of Judas were very good, and able toJlir them
up to valour. 2 Maccab. xiv. 1 7.
Having overcome and thruft him out of his kingdom, he
JUrred up the Cbriftians and Numidians againft him.° Knolles.
T he vigorous fpirit of Montrofe Jlirred him up to make
fome attempt whether he had any help or no. Clarendon.
The improving of his own parts and happinefsJlir him up
to fo notable a defign. . Mores Antid. againjl Atbeifm.
I oJlir up vigour in him, employ him in fome conitant
bodily labour. Zwfe.
Thou with rebel infolence did’fl: dare
To own and to protect that hoary ruffian,
'ToJlir the factious rabble up to arms. Rowe.
The ufe of the paffions is toJlir it up^ and put it upon action,
to awake the undemanding and to enforce the will. Addifon.
5. To Stir up. To put in adtion.
Hell is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming ; itJlirreth up the dead for thee. Jja. xiv< 9.
Sqch mirth the jocund flute or gamefome pipe
Stirs up among the loofe unletter’d hinds. Milton.
To Stir. v. n.
1. To move one s felf; to go out of the place ; to change place.
No power he had toJlir nor will to rife. Fairy Jhieen.
They had the femblance of great bodies behind on the other
fide of the hill, the falfhood of which would have been manifeft as foon as they Ihould move from the place where they
were, and from whence they were therefore not to Jlir.
_ Clarendon.
2. 1 o be in motion; not to be ftill; to pafs from inactivity to
motion. J
The great Judge of all knows every different degree of hu¬
man implement, from thefe weakJlirrings and tendencies
of the will, which have not yet formed themfelves into regu¬
lar purpofes, to the laft entire confummation of a good habit.
Addifon's Spectator.
3. I o become the objedt of notice.
If they happen to have any fuperiour charadter, they fancy
they have a right to talk freely upon every thing thatJlirs or
appears. . IVm^
4. I o rife in the morning. This is a colloquial and familiar
ufe.
.t!ie gentlewoman that attends the general’s wife be Jlirring, tell her, there’s one Caffio entreats of her a little favour
of fpeech. Sbakefpeare's Othello.
Stir. n.f. [Jlur, Runick, a battle; yJlwrU noife, Wellh.]
1. Tumult; buftle. J
What halloing and whatJlir is this to-day?
Thele are my mates, that make their wills their law,
ave fome unhappy paflenger in chace. Shakefpeare.
He hath fpun a fair thread, to make all thisJlir for fuch a
neceffity as no man ever denied. Bp. Bramhall.
1, fi!'d tbe ^ier, miferable fir.
Why all thefe words, this clamour and thisJlir,
Why do diiputes in wrangling fpend the day ? Denham.
Silence is ufually worfe than the fierceft and loudeft accufations ; fince it proceeds from a kind of numbnefs or ftupidity
of conference, and an abfolute dominion obtained by fin over
the foul, fo that it Ihall not fo much as dare to complain or
maTh atr\tr at South's Sermons.
The greatJltrs of the deputing world are but the conflicts
or the humours. (yIchitj*//
After all thisy?/> about them they are good for nothing\ll
Confider, after fo muchJlir about genus and fpecies, how
few words we have yet fettled definitions of. jode
2. Commotion; publick difturbance; tumultuous diforder; fei
ditious uproar.
Whenfoever the earl Ihall die, all thofe lands are to come
unto her majefty ; he is like to make a foulJlir there, though
0, °f no power, yet through fupportance of fome
others who lie in the wind. SpenJ'er's Ireland.
e did make thefeJlirs, grieving that the name! of Chrift
v as at a11 brought into thofe parts. Abbot.
S T I
Being advertifed of fomey?/W raifed by his unnatural fon$
in England, he departed out ofIreland without ftrikin^ a blow.
__ y • . Davies.
Raphael, thou hear’ft whatJlir on earth,
Satan from hell ’fcap’d through the darkfome gulf
Hath rais’d in paradife, and how difturb’d
T his night the human pair. Miltons
y Agitation; conflicting paflion.
He did keep
The deck, with glove or hat, or handkerchief.
Still waving, as the Jlirs and fits of’s mind
Could belt exprefs how flow his foul fail’d on,
How fwift his fillip. Sbakefpeare's Cymbelines
Sti'rious. adj. [fromJliria, Latin.] Refembling icicles.
Chryftal is found lbmetimes in rocks, and in fome places
not much unlike the Jlirious or ftillicidious dependencies of
Ice- ' Brown s Vulgar Errours.
STJRP. n.f. [Jlirps, Latin.] Race; family; generation. Not
ufed.
Sundry nations got footing in that land, of the which there
yet remain divers great families andflirps. Spenfer.
Democracies are lefs fubject to fedition than when there
areJlirps of nobles. Bacon.
All nations of might and fame reforted hither ; of whom
we have fomeJlirps and little tribes with us at this day. Bacon.
Sti'rrer. n.f. [fromJlir.]
1. One who is in motion; one who puts in motion.
2. A rifer in the morning.
Come on ; give me your hand, fir; an earlyJlirrer. Shake.
3. An inciter; an inftigator.
4. Stirrer up. An inciter ; an inftigator.
A perpetual fpring, not found elfewhere but in the Indies
only, by reafon of the fun’s neighbourhood, the life andJlirrer
up of nature in a perpetual adivity. Raleigh.
Will it not refledt on thy charadter, Nic, to turn barreter
in thy old days; aJlirrer up of quarrels betwixt thy neigh-
„b°urs? r Arbuthnot.
briRRUP‘ n-f rrtI3ebaP5 r*1!13?? from ptisan, Saxon, to
climb, and pap, a cord.] An iron hoop fufpended by a fttap,
in which the horfeman fets his foot when he mounts or ridesi
Neither is his manner of mounting unfeemly, though he
Jack Jlirrups’y for in his getting up, his horfe is ftill going;
whereby he gaineth way: and therefore the Jlirrup was called
1 lrl/co[.n’ as were a ftay to get up, being derived of the
old Englilh wordyfy; which is to get up, or mount. Spenfer .
Haftthou not kifs’d my hand, and held myJlirrup ? Shak*
His horfe hipped with an old mothy faddle, theflirrups of
no kindred. Shakefp. Taming ofthe Shrews
Between the Jlirrup and the ground,
Mercy I afk d, mercy 1 found. CaWiden's Remainss
At this the knight began to chear up,
And raifing up himfelf onJlirrup,
'T Q^rrrnrj Vl<a°fia’ . Hudibras.
1 o STI FCH. v. a. [Jhcke, Danifh; Jlicken, Dutch.]
1. To few, to work on with a needle.
2. To join; to unite, generally with fome degree of clumfinefs
or inaccuracy.
HavingJlitched together thefe animadverfions touching architedfure and their ornaments, contemplative fpirits are as
reftlefs as a&ive. Wotton.
3. To Stitch up. To mend what was rent.
It is in your hand as well toJlitch up his life again, as it was
before to rent it. Sidney.
I with a needle and threadJlitch'd up the artery and the
wound. IVifeman s Surgery-.
To Stitch, v.n. To praftife needlework.
Stitch n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A pafs of the needle and thread through any thing.
2. [From pician, Saxon.] AIharp lancinating pain.
If you defire the fpleen, and will laugh yourfelf intoflitches^
follow me; yond gull Malvolio is turned heathen, a very renegado. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
A fimple bloody fputation of the lungs is differenced from a
pleurify, which is ever painful, and attended with a flitch.
T n. Harvey on Conjunction.
3. In Lhapman it feems to mean furrows or ridges, and perhaps
has the fame meaning in the following paflage of Dryden
which otherwife I do not underftand. *
Many men at plow he made, and drave earth here and
there.
And turn’d upflitches orderly. Chapman's Iliads
AJhtch-faWn cheek, that hangs below the jaw ’
Such wrinkles as a Ikilful hand would draw, J *
For an old grandam ape. r. ,
Sti-tchery. n. f. [fromJIM,.] Needlework. In contemM
Come hy afide your,flitch,ry; play the idle houfewife w.th
r ., Sbakejpeare s Othello.
JZT nJy.“li‘dTiictS Saxon.J 1 '
' •’ 1 C- ir°.n on wbich the fmith forges his work.
My imaginations are as foul
As Vulcan sJhthy, Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
25 O To
4
S T O S T O
To Stive, v. a. [Suppofed of the fame original with Jlcwf\
1. To fluff up clofe.
You would admire, if you faw themJiive it in their {hips.
Sandys’s ‘Journey.
2. To make hot or fultry.
His chamber was commonlyflived with friends or fuitors of
one kind or other. Wotton.
Stoat, n.f A fmall {linking animal. ,
Sto'cah. n.f. [ Irifh; Jlochk, Erie. ] An attendant; a walletboy ; one who runs at a horfeman’s foot; a horfeboy.
He holdeth himfelf a gentleman, and fcorneth to work,
which he faith is the life of a peafant; but thenceforth becometh an horfeboy, or aftocah to fome kern, inuring himfelf
to his fword, and the gentlemanly trade of ftealing. Spenfer.
Stocca'do. n.f [ftoccato, fromJiocco, a rapier, Italian.] A
thruft with the rapier.
I have heard the Frenchman hath good fkill in his rapier.
—You {land on diftance, your paffes,Jl°ceado’s, and 1 know not
what. Sbakefpeare’s Merry Wives ofWindfor.
STOCK, n.f. [ptoc, Saxon ; flock, Dutch; e(ioc, French.]
1. The trunk ; the body of a plant.
That furious beaft.
His precious horn, fought of his enemies,
Strikes in theJiock, ne thence can be releas’d. Fa. Queen.
There is hope of a tree, if cut down, that it will fprout
again, though the root wax old in the earth, and theJiock die
in the ground. Job xiv. 8.
2. The trunk into which a graft is inferted.
The cion over-ruleth the Jiock quite; and theJiock is but
paffiveonly, and giveth aliment but no motion to the graft.
Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
As fruits, ungrateful to the planter’s care.
On favage\Jlocks inferted, learn to bear;
The fureft virtues thus from paflions {hoot,
Wild nature’s vigour working at the root. Pope.
3. A log; a poll.
That they kept thy truth fo pure of old,
When all our fathers worfhipp’d flocks and fiones,
Forget not. Milton.
Why all this fury ? What’s the matter,
That oaks muft come from Thrace to dance ?
Muff ftupidflocks be taught to flatter ?
And is there no fuch wood in France ? Prior.
4. A man proverbially ftupid.
What tyranny is this, my heart to thrall.
And eke my tongue with proud reftraint to tie.
That neither I may fpeak nor think at all.
But like a ftupidJiock in filence die ? Spenfr'.
While we admire
This virtue and this moral difcipline.
Let’s be no ftoicks, nor noJlocks. Sbakefpeare.
5. The handle of any thing.
6. A fupport of a {hip while it is building.
Frefh fupplies of {hips.
And fuch as fitted fince the fight had been,
Or new fromflocks were fall’n into the road. Dryden.
7. [Stocco, a rapier, Italian.] A thruft; a ftoccado.
To fee thee here, to fee thee there; to fee thee pafs thy
punfto, thyftock, thy reverfe. Sbakefpeare.
8. Something made of linen ; a cravat; a clofe neckcloth. An¬
ciently a ftocken.
His lackey with a linenftock on one leg, and a kerfey boothofe on the other. Sbak. Paining ofthe Shrew.
9. A race; a lineage ; a family.
Say what ftock he fprings of.—
—The noble houfe of Marc-ius. Shakef. Coriolanus.
His early virtues to that ancientftock
Gave as much honour as from thence he took. Waller.
The like {hall fing
All prophefy, that of the royalftock
Of David, fo I name this king, {hall rife
A fon, the woman’s feed. Milton.
Thou haft feen one world begin, and end.
And man, as from a fecondftock, proceed. Milton.
To no human ftock
We owe this fierce unkindnefs ; but the rock.
That cloven rock produc’d thee. JFalter.
Thy mother was no goddefs, nor thy ftock
From Dardanus ; but in fome horrid rock.
Perfidious wretch, rough Caucafus thee bred. Denham.
10.The principal; capital ftore; fund already provided;
Prodigal men
heel not their own ftock wafting. Ben. Jobnf Catiline.
Let the exportation of home commodities be more in value
than the importation of foreign; fo the ftock of the kingdom
{hall yearly increafe; for then the balance of trade muft be
returned in money or bullion. Bacon’s Advice to Vi/liers.
A king, againft a ftorm, muft forefee to a convenient ftock
of treafure. ^ Bacon.
T is the place where God promiles and delights to difpenfe
larger proportions of his favour, that he may fix a mark of
honour on his fanHuarv, and recommend it to the Tons of
men, upon the ftock of their own intereft as well as his own
glory. South.
Some honour of your own acquire;
Add to thatftock, which juftly we beftow.
Of thofe bleft {hades to whom you all things owe. Dryden.
Yet was flie not profufe ; but fear’d to waftc.
And wifely manag’d that theftock might laft ;
I hat all might be lupply’d, and {he not grieve.
When crouds appear’d, {he had not to relieve ;
Which to prevent, {he ftill increas’d her ftore ;
Laid up, and fpar’d, that {he might give the more. Dryden»
Beneath one law bees live.
And with one common ftock their traiflek drive:
All is theftate’s, the ftate provides for all. Dryden’sGeorg.
If parents die without actually transferring their right
to another, why does it not return to the common ftock
of mankind ? Locke.
When we brought it out it took fuch a quantity of air into
its lungs, that it fwelled almoft twice as big as before ; and it
was perhaps on thisftock of air that it lived a minute longer
the fecond time. Addifon on Italy.
Be ready to give, and glad to diftribute, by fetting apart
fomething out of thy ftock for the ufe of fome charities. Atterb.
Of thofe ftars, which our imperfedt eye
Has doom’d and fix’d to one eternal fky,
Each by a nativeftock of honour great.
May dart ftrong influence, and diffufe kind heat. Prior.
They had law-Tuits; but, though they fpent their income,
they never mortgaged theftock. Arbuthnot.
11. Quantity; ftore; body.
A great benefit fuch a natural hiftory, as may be confided
in, will prove to the wholeftock of learned mankind. Glanv.
Nor do thofe ills on fingle bodies prey ; ^
But oftner bring the nation to decay, V
And fweep the prefentftock and future hope away. Dryd. j
He propofes to himfelf no fmallftock of fame in future ages,
in being the firft who has undertaken this defign. Arbuthnot.
12. A fund eftablifhed by the government, of which the value
rifes and falls by artifice or chance.
An artificial wealth of funds and ftocks was in the hands of
thofe who had been plundering the publick. Swift.
Statefman and patriot ply alike the ftocks,
Peerefs and butler {hare alike the box. Pope*
To Stock, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To ftore; to fill fufficiently.
If a man will commit fuch rules to his memory, and ftock
his mind with portions of Scripture anfwerable to all the heads
of duty, his confcience can never be at a lofs. South.
I, who before with fhepherds in the groves.
Sung to my oaten pipe their rural loves.
Manur’d the glebe, and ftock’d the fruitful plain. Dryden.
The world begun to beftocked with people, and human induftry drained thofe uninhabitable places. Burnet.
Springs and rivers are by large fupplies continually ftocked
with water. Woodward.
2. To lay in ftore.
3. To put in the ftocks. See Stocks.
Call not your ftocks for me: I ferve the king.
On whofe employment I was fent to you:
You {hall do fmall refpeH, {hew too bold malice
Againft the grace and perfon of my mafter,
Stocking his meffenger. Shakefp. King Lear.
4. To Stock up. To extirpate.
The wild boar not only fpoils her branches, but ftocks up
her roots. Decay of Piety.
Sto'ckdove. n.f Ringdove.
Stockdoves and turtles tell their am’rous pain,
And, from the lofty elms, of love complain. Dryden.
Sto'ckfish. n.f. [ftockevifch, Dutch.] Dried cod, fo called
from its bardnefs.
Stockgi'llyflower. n.f. [leucoium, Latin.] A plant.
The characters are: the flower is compofed, for the mod
part, of four leaves, which are placed in form of a trofs : out
of the flower-cup rifes the pointal, which becomes a long flat
pod, divided into two cells by an intermediate partition, to
which the valves adhere on both fides, and are furnifhed with
flat fmooth feeds, which are orbicular, and bordered round
their edges: to which may be added, the flowers are fpecious,
and fweet fmelling. Miller.
The ftockgillyfowers are commonly biennial plants, and
there are many different fpecies of them, including the various
lorts of wallflowers, of which the common fort grows on the
walls of ruinous houfes, and is ufed in medicine. T he Kavenal wallflower is remarkable for the beauty and fweetnefs of
its flower. Hill.
Stocking.n.f The covering of the leg. .
In his firft approach before my lady he will come to her in
yellowftockings, and ’tis a colour {he abhors. Sbakefpeare.
J By the loyalty of that town he procured {hoes, ftockings,
and money for his foldiers. Clarendon
, Unlefs
S T O
Unlefs we {hould expea that nature {hould make jerkins
and ftockin^s grow out of the ground, what could the do better
than afford us fo fit materials for cloathing as the wool of
n } Adore's Antidote againjl Atheiftn.
HeVpent half a day to look for his oddflocking, when lie
had them both upon a leg. L Ejirange.
See how he rolls his flockings! Spectator.
At. am’rous Flavio is the flocking thrown,
That very night he longs to lie alone. Pope.
The families of farmers live in filth and naftinef3, without
a fhoe orflocking to their feet. Swift.
To Stocking, v.a. [from the noun.] Todrefs in {lockings.
Stocking’d with loads of fat town-dirt, he goes. Drydcn.
Sto'ck jobber, n.f. [flock and job.] A low wretch who gets
money by buying and felling {hares in the funds.
Theftockjobbcr thus from ’Change-alley goes down.
And tips you the freeman a wink;
Let me have but your vote to ferve for the town,
And here is a guinea to drink. Swift,
Sto'ckish. adj. [from ftock.] Hard ; blockilh.
The poet
Did feio-n that Orpheus drew trees, ftones, and floods ;
Since nought fo ftockijh, hard, and full of rage,
But mufick for the time doth change his nature. Sbakefp.
Sto'cklock. n.f. [Jtock and lock.'] Lock fixed in wood.
There are locks for feveral purpofes; as ftreet-door-locks,
called J'tocklocks; chamber-door-locks, called fpring-locks, and
cupboard-locks. Moxon's Mech. Exer.
Stocks, n.f. [Commonly without fingular.] Priion for the
legs.
Fetch forth the flocks :
As I have life and honour, there {hall he fit’till noon. Shak.
Tom is whipt from tything to tything, yfcofc-punifli’d, and
imprifoned. Sbakefpeare s King Lear.
I have fat in theflocks for the puddings he hath ftol’n, otherwife he had been executed. Sbakefp. Pivo Gent, of Verona.
Matrimony is expreffed by a young man {landing, his legs
being faff in a pair of flocks. Peacbam.
TheJtocks hinder his legs from obeying the determination of
his mind, if it would transfer his body to another place. Locke.
Stocksti'l. adj. [ftock and ftill.] Motionlefs as logs.
Our preachers {land ftockjtill in the pulpit, and will not fo
much as move a finger to fet off the bell fermon. Addifon.
Sto'ick, n.f [ronxos ; ftoique, Fr.] A philofopher who followed
the feCt of Zeno-, holding the neutrality of external things.
While we admire
This virtue, and this moral difeipline,
Let’s be no ftoicks, nor no flocks, I pray. Sbakefpeare.
Stoke, ftoak, feem to come from the Saxon ptocce, fignifying
the ftock or body of a tree. Gibfon's Camden.
Stole, n.f [ftola, Latin. ] A long veft.
Over all a black jtoie fire did throw.
As one that inly mourned.
T he folemn feaft of Ceres now was near.
When long white linenftcles the matrons wear,
Stole. The preterite of fteal.
A factorftole a gem away.
Stolen. Participle paflive of fteal.
Stolen waters are fweet, and bread eaten in fecret is pleafant. Prov. ix. 17.
Stoli'dity. n.f [ftolidus, Lat. ftoliditc, French.] Stupidity ;
want of fenfe.
Thefe are the fools in the text, indocile untradable fools,
whofe ftolidity can baffle all arguments. _ Bentley.
STO'MACH. n.f [ eftomach, French ; ftomachus, Latin.]
1, The ventricle in which food is digefted.
If you’re fick at fea,
Orftomacb qualm’d at land, a dram of this
Will drive away diftemper. Sbakefpeare s Cymbehne.
This filthy fimile, this beaftly line,
Quite turns myftomach. Pope.
2- Appetite; defire of food.
Tell me, what is’t that takes from thee
Thyftomach, pleafure, and thy golden fleep ? Sbakefpeare*
Will fortune never come with both hands full.
But write her fair words {till in fouleft letters ?
She either gives aftomach, and no food,
Such are the poor in health; or elfe a feaft.
And takes away the ftomach; fuch the rich.
That have abundance and enjoy it not. Shakcf. Hen. IV.'
As appetite or ftomach to meat is a fign of health in the
body, fo is this hunger in the foul a vital quality, an evidence
of fomc life of grace in the heart; whereas decay of appetite,
and the no manner of ftomach, is a mod defperate prognoHammond.
3. Inclination; liking.
He which hath noftomach to this fight,
Let him depart. _ # Sbakef. Henry V.
The unufual diftanceof time made it fubjeCt to every man’s
note, that it was an aCt againft hisftomach, and put upon him
by neceflity of ftate. Bacon's Henry VII.
The very trade went againft hisftomach. L Eftrange.
S T O
[Stomachics, Latin.] Anger; refolutiort.
Difdain he called was, and did difdairt
To be fo call’d, and who fo did him call :
Stern was his look, and full of ftomach vain,
His portance terrible, and ftaturc tall. Fairy Queens
Is’t near dinner-time?-1 would it were.
That you might kill yourftomach on your meat,
And not upon your maid. Shak, Puio Gent, of V roret>
Inftead of trumpet and of drum,
That makes the warrior’sftomach come. Bat er.
j. Sullennefs; refentment. t
Some of the cbiefeft laity profefled with greater ftomacl)
their judgments, that fuch a difeipline was little better, than
popifh tyranny difguifed under a new form. Heeler.
Arius, a fubtile witted and a marvellous fair-fpoken man,
was difeontented that one fhould be placed before him in
honour, whofe fuperior he thought himfelf in defert, becaufe
through envy and ftomach prone unto contradiction. Houser.
They plainly faw, that whenJlomach doth ftrive with wit,
the match is not equal. Hooka .
Whereby the ape in wond’rousJlomach wox,
Strongly encouraged by the crafty fox. Hubberd s Pale.
That nobles fhould fuchJlomachs bear !
I myfelf fight not once in forty year. Sbakef Henry \I.
It ftuck in the camel’sfomach, that bulls fhould be armed
with horns, and that a creature of his fize fhould be left defencelefs. UEjlrange.
Not courage but Jlomach that makes people break rather
than they wiH bend. IJEflrange.
This fort of crying proceeding from pride, obftinacy, and
Jlomach, the will, where the fault lies, muft be bent. Locke.
6. Pride; haughtinefs.
He was a man
Of an unbounded ftomach, ever ranking
Himfelf with princes. Sbakefpeare's Henry VIII.
To Sto'mach. v. a. [ftomachor, Latin.] To refent; to
remember with anger and malignity.
Believe not all; or, if you muft believe.
Stomach not all. Sbakefp. Ant. andCleopatra.
Jonathan loved David, and the people applauded him; only
Saul ftomached him, and therefore hated him. Hall's Conlempl.
The lion began to fhew his teeth, and to jlomach the af¬
front. UEjirange's Fables.
To Sto'mach. v. n. To be angry.
Let a man, though never fo juftly, oppofe himfelf unto
thofe that are difordered in their ways, and what one amongft
them commonly doth notJlomach at fuch contradiction, ftorm
at reproof, and hate fuch as would reform them ? Hooker.
Sto'mached. adj. [fromJlomach.] Filled with paflions of re¬
fentment.
HighJlomach'd are they both, and full of ire;
In rage deaf as the fea, hafty as fire. 1 Sbakefpeare.
Fairy Queen. Sto'macher. n.f. [from jlomach.] An ornamental covering •
worn by women on the breaft.
Golden quoifs andJlomachers,
For my lads to give their dears. Sbakefp. Winter's Pale.
Inftead of a Jlomacher, a girding of fackcloth. If. iii. 24.
Thou marry’ft every year
The lyrick lark and the grave whifpering dove.
The fparrow that negleCts his life for love,
The houfhold bird with the redflomacher. Donne.
Sto'machful. adj. [ftomachofus, Latin; Jlcmach and full.]
Sullen ; ftubborn ; perverfe.
AJlomachful boy put to fchool, the whole world could not
bring to pronounce the firft letter. L'Ejirange.
Obftinate orJlomachful crying fhould not be permitted, be¬
caufe it is another way of encouraging thofe paflions which
’tis our bufinefs to fubdue. Locke.
Sto'machfulness. n.f. [from Jlomachful.] Stubbornncfs;
fullennefs; obftinacy.
Stoma'chical. \ adj. [Jlomachique,Yr.] Relating to the ftoStoma'chick. 5 mach; pertaining to the ftomach.
An hypochondriack confumption is an extenuation, oceafioned by an infarClion and obftrudion of the Jlomachick veflels through melancholy humours. Harvey.
By a catarrh the jlomachical ferment is vitiated. Flyer.
Stoma'chick. n.f [fromJlotnach.] A medicine for the ftomach.
Sto'machous. adj. [from Jlomach.] Stout; angry; fullen;
obftinate. Obfolete.
That ftranger knight in prefence came.
And goodly falved them ; but nought again
Him anfwered, as courtefy became;
But with ftern looks, and (lomachous difdain,
Gave figns of grudge and difeontentment vain. Fa. Queen*
Stond. n.f. [for/land.]
1. Poft; ftation.
On th’ other fide, th’ aflieged caftle’s ward
Their ftedfaftfends did mightily maintain. Fairy Queen.
2. Stop ; indifpofition to proceed.
There be not (lands nor reftivenefs in a man’s nature ; but
the wheels of his mind keep way with the wheels of his
fortune. Bacons E/fays*
STONE.
Dryden.
Pope.
S T O
SI ONE. n.f. [/Iain!) Gothick; pan, Saxon; feen, Dutch.]
X* Stones are bodies infipid, hard, not du£tile or malleable, nor
foluble in water. Woodward's Meth. FoJJ.
We underftand by the termJiones foffile bodies, folid, not
du£tile under the hammer, fixed in the fire, not eafily melted
in it, and not to be diffolved by water. Slones are arranged
under two diftintft feries, the fofter and the harder. Of the
fofterJiones there are three general diftinHions. i. The foliaceous or flaky, as talk. 2. The fibrofe, as the afoeftus.
3.The granulated, as the gypfum. Of the harder {tones there
are alfo three general diftin&ions. 1. The opake {tones, as
limeftone. 2. The femi-pellucid, as agate. 3. The pellu¬
cid, as cryftal and the gems. Hill's Mat. Med.
Should I go to church, and fee the holy edifice ofJlone,
And not bethink me flrait of dang’rous rocks! Shakefpeare.
The Englifh ufed theJiones to reinforce the pier. Howard.
2. Piece of {tone cut for building.
He fhall bring forth the head Jlone with (houtings. Zech. iv.
3. Gem; precious ftone.
I thought I faw
Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl,
IneftimableJiones, unvalu’d jewels. Sbakejp, Rich. III.
4. Any thing made of ftone.
Lend me a looking-glafs;
If that her breath will milt or {tain theJlone,
Why then {he lives. ’ Shakefpeare.
5. Calculous concretion in the kidneys or bladder; the difeafe
arifing from a calculus.
A lpecifick remedy for preventing of theJlone I take to be
the conftant ufe of alehoof-ale. Temple.
A gentleman fuppofed his difficulty in urining proceeded
from theJlone. Wifeman s Surgery.
6. The cafe which in fome fruits contains the feed.
To make fruits without core orJlone is a curiofity. Bacon.
7. Tefticle.
8. A weight containing fourteen pounds.
Does Wood think that we will fell him aJlone of wool for
his counters ? Swift.
9. Stone is ufed by way of exaggeration.
What need you be fo boift’rous rough ?
I will not ftruggle, I will ftandJlone Hill. Shakefp. K. John.
And there lies Whacum by my fide.
Stone dead, and in his own blood dy’d. Hudibras.
The fellow held his breath, and layJlone ftill, as if he was
^eaj|“ L'EJlrange.
She had got a trick of holding her breath, and lying at her
length forJlone dead. L'EJlrange.
The cottages having taken a country-dance together, had
been all out, and {foodJlone ftill with amazement. Pope.
10. To leave no Stone unturned. To do every thing that can
be done for the production or promotion of any effect.
Women, that left noJlone unturn'd
In which the caufe might be concern’d.
Brought in their children’s fpoons and whiffles.
To purchafe fwords, carbines, and piftols. Hudibras.
He crimes invented, left unturn'd noJlone
To make my guilt appear, and hide his own. Dryden.
Stone, adj. Made of ftone.
Prefent her at the leet,
Becaufe {he bought (lone jugs, and no feal’d quarts. Shakefp.
1 o Stone, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To pelt or beat or kill with {tones.
Thefe people be almoft ready toJlone me. Ex. xvii. 4.
Crucifixion was a punifliment unknown to the Jewilh laws,
among whom the Jloning to death was the punifhment for
blafphemy. Stephens’s Sermons.
2. To harden.
Oh perjur’d woman! thou do’ftJlone my heart;
And mak ft me call what I intend to do,
A murder, which I thought a facrifice. Shakefp. Othello.
Sto'nebreak. n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
Sto nechatter. n,f A bird. Ainlworth,
Sto'necrop. 71. J. A fort of tree.
Stonecrop tree is a beautiful tree, but not common. Mortim.
Stonecutter, n.f. [fxomjlone and cutter.] One whofetrade
is to hew {tones.
Ajlonecutter'S' man had the veficulae of his lungs fo fluffed
With duft, that, in cutting, the knife went as if through a heap
Derham's Phyfico-Theology.
My profecutor provided me a monument at theJlonecutter’s,
and would have erefted it in the parifh-church. Swift.
Sto'v fpKRN’ ** /* A P*a,1t- Ainfworth.
” J- An infea- Aiifwonh.
c J • U,T' IJIeni and fruit.} Fruit of which the
overed with a hard ftiell enveloped in the pulp,
e gat iered ripe apricocks and ripe plums upon one tree,
from which we expea fome other forts of Bof.
Sto'nehawk. n.f A kind of hawk. ' J Ahfwmh
Sto "ehorse. [ //« a„j hsrft ] A horfe D0( '
U l,ere J ls mo!l arable land,Jhnd»rfts or geldings are
more neceffary. MmimVtHujmdry.
STO
Sto'nepit. n.f. [flam and pit.] A quarry; a pit where
{tones are dug.
There’s one found in aJlonepit. Woodward.
^TpitchPI1 CH* n'^' *-fr°m ft0ne anc* Plicb‘ J Hard infpiffated
• !hC mummies are reported to be as hard as ftonec Pltfb- Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory.
Sto neplover. „.f A bird. Ainfworth.
Sto'nesmickle. n f a bird. Ainfworth.
Sto nework. n. f [fone anc] WQrk j Bu;iding of
They make two walls with flat {tones, and^fill the fpace
with earth, and fo they continue the Jlonework. Mortimer.
STftonesESS> n‘f‘ U mJhny^ The quaHty of having many
The name ITexton owes its original to the ftoninefs of the
Place- Hearne.
Small gravel or ftoninefs is found therein. Mortimer.
Sto'ny adj. [from ftoneJ
1. Made of ftone.
Norftony tower, nor walls of beaten brafs,
Can be retentive to the ftrength of fpirit. Shak. Jul. C*f
With love’s light wings did I o’erperch thefe walls;
ForJtony limits cannot hold love out. Shak. Rom. and Jul. '
Nor flept the winds
Within theirftony caves, but rufh’d abroad
From the four hinges of the world, and fell
On the vext wildernefs, whofe talleft pines,
Though rooted deep as high and fturdieft oaks,
Bow’d their ftiff necks, loaden with ftormy blafts,
Or torn up fheer. Milton’s Paradife Regain’d.
Here the marftiy grounds approach your fields.
And there the foil aftony harveft yields. Dryden’s Virgil.
As in fpires he flood, he turn’d to ftone ;
Theftony fnake retain’d the figure ftill his own. Dryden.
They fuppofe thefe bodies to be only water petrified, or
converted into thefe fparry orftony icicles. Woodward.
2. Abounding with ftones.
From theftony Mamalus
Bring your flocks, and live with us. Milton.
3. Petrifick.
_ Now let the ftony dart of fenfelefs cold
Pierce to my heart, and pafs through every fide. F. Queen.
4. Hard; inflexible; unrelenting.
Theftony hardnefs of too many patrons hearts, not touched
with any feeling in this cafe. Hooker.
Thou art come to anfwer
A ftony adverfary, an inhuman wretch
Uncapable of pity. Shakef. Merchant of Venice.
Eight yards of uneven ground is threefcore and ten miles
a-foot with me, and the ftony hearted villains know it. Shakef.
At this fight
My heart is turn’d to ftone; and while ’tis mine.
It fhall be ftony. Shakef. Henry VI.
I will clear their fenfes dark.
What may fuffice, and foften ftony hearts
To pray, repent, and bring obedience due, Milt. Par. Loft.
Indiff’rence, clad in wifdom’s guife.
All fortitude of mind fupplies;
For how canftony bowels melt,
In thofe who never pity felt ? Swift.
Stood. The preterite of To ftand.
Adam, at the news,
Heart-ftruck with chilling gripe of forrowftood. Milton.
STOOL, n. f. [ftols, Gothick; prol, Saxon; ftoel, Dutch.]
1. A feat without a back, fo diftinguifhed from a chair.
If a chair be defined a feat for a fingle perfon, with a back
belonging to it, then aftool is a feat for a Angle perfon without a back* Watts’s Logick.
Thou fearful fool.
Why takeft not of the fame fruit of gold ?
Ne fitteft down on that fame filverftool.
To reft thy weary perfon in the Ihadow cold ? Fa. Queen.
Now which were wife, and which were fools ?
Poor Alma fits between twoftools:
The more {he reads, the more perplext. Prior.
2. Evacuation by purgative medicines.
There be medicines that move ftools, and not urine; fome
other urine, and notftools: thofe that purge by ftool, are fuch
as enter not at all, or little, into the mefentery veins; but
either at the firft are not digeftible by the ftomach, and there¬
fore move immediately downwards to the guts; or elfe are af¬
terwards rejected by the mefentery veins, and fo turn likewife
downwards to the guts. Bacon's Natural Hijtory.
The periftaltick motion, or repeated changes of contradtion
and dilatation, is not in the lower guts, elfe one would have a
continual needing of going toJtool. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. Stool ofRepentance, or cuttyJlool, in the kirks of Scotland, is
fomewhat analogous to the pillory. It is elevated above the con¬
gregation. In fome places there may be a feat in it; but it is ge¬
nerally without, and the perfon ftands therein who has been cuilty of fornication, for three Sundays in the forenoon; and after
fermon
3
S T O
fermon is called upon by name and furname, the beadle or kirkofficer bringing the offender, if refratflory, forwards to his poll;
and then the preacher proceeds to admonition. Here too are
fet to publick view adulterers; only thefe are habited in a coarfe
canvas, analogous to a hairy or monaftick veil, with a hood
to it, which they call the fack or fackcloth, and that every
Sunday throughout a year, or longer.
Unequal and unreafonable judgment of things brings many
a great man to theJiool of repentance. L'EJlrange.
Sto'olball. 7i.f. [Jiool and ball.] A play where balls are
driven from flool to ftool.
While Betty dances on the green.
And Sufan is atJloolball feen. Prior.
To S rOOP. v. n. [ptupian, Saxon ; Jiuypen, Dutch.]
1. To bend clown; to bend forward.
Like unto the boughs of this tree he bended downward,
and Jiooped toward the earth. Raleigh,
2. To lean forward (landing or walking;
When Pelopidas and Ifmenias were fent to Artaxerxes,
Pelopidas did nothing unworthy ; but Ifmenias let fall his ring
to the ground, and,Jlwping for that, was thought to make his
adoration. . Stillingfleet.
He ftooping open’d my left fide, and took
From thence a rib. Milton.
3. To yield; to bend ; to fubmit.
I am the fon of Henry the fifth,
Who made the dauphin and the French toJloop. Shakefp.
Mighty in her (hips flood Carthage long,
And fwept the riches of the world from far;
Yeijloop'd to Rome, lefs wealthy, but more ftrong. Dryd.
4. To defcend from rank or dignity.
He that condefcended fo far, and Jiooped fo low, to invite
and to bring us to heaven, will not refufe us a gracious recep¬
tion there. Boyle's Scraphick Love.
Where men of great wealth Jloop to hufbandryj it multi¬
plied! riches exceedingly. Bacon.
5. To yield ; to be inferiour.
Death his death-wound (hall then receive.
And ftoop inglorious. Milton.
Thefe are arts, my prince,
In which your Zama does notJloop to Rome. Addifon.
6. To fink from refolution or fuperiority; to condefcend.
They, whofe authority is required unto the fatisfying of
your demand, do think it both dangerous to admit fuch concourfe of divided minds, and unmeet that their laws, which,
being once folemnly eftablilhed, are to exadl obedience of all
men and to conftrain thereunto, (hould fo far Jloop as to hold
themfelves in fufpence from taking any effedl upon you, ’till
fome difputer can perfuade you to be obedient. Hooker.
7. To come down on prey as a falcon.
The bird of JoveJloop'd from his airy tour.
Two birds of gayeft plume before him drove. Milton.
8. To alight from the wing.
Satan ready now
Toftoop with wearied wings and willing feet.
On the hare outfide of this world. Milton.
Twelve fwans behold in beauteous order move.
AndJloop with clofing pinions from above. Dryden.
<g. To fink to a lower place.
Cow’ring low
With blandifhment, each bird ftoop'd on his wing. Milton.
Stoop, n. f. [from the verb.]
1. A£l of (looping; inclination downward.
2. Defcent from dignity or fuperiority.
Can any loyal fubjedt fee
With patience fuch a ftoop from fovereignty ?
An ocean pour’d upon a narrow brook ? Dryden.
3. Fall of a bird upon his prey.
Now will I wander through the air.
Mount, make afoop at ev’ry fair. Waller.
An eagle made aJloop at him in the middle of his exalta¬
tion, and carried him away. L'EJlrange.
4. [Sroppa, Saxon \ Jloope, Dutch.] A veffel of liquor.
Come, lieutenant, I have afoop of wine; and here with¬
out are a brace of gallants, that would fain have a meafure to
the health of Othello. Shakefp. Othello.
There’s nothing more in me, fir, but may be fqueez’d out
without racking, only afoop or two of wine. Denham.
A caldron of fat beef, and Jloop of ale.
On the huzzaing mob (hall more prevail.
Than if you give them, with the niceft art,
Ragoufts of peacocks brains, or filbert tart. Kin*.
Sto'opingly. adv. [fromjlooping.] With inclinationdownwards.
Nani was noted to tread foftly, to walkJloopingly, and raife
himfelf from benches with laborious gefture. Wotton.
To STOP. v. a. [ejlouper, Fr. Jiopparey Itai. Jloppen, Dutch.]
I.To hinder from progreflive motion.
From the oracle
They will bring all; whofe fpiritual counfel had
ShaUyLp or fpur me. Shakefpeare.
Can any dreffes find a way
Toftop th’ approaches of decay,
And mend a ruin’d face ? Dorfet*
S T O
2. To hinder from any change of(late, whether to better or worfa
3. To hinder from adlion.
As the truth of Chrift is in me, no man (hallftop me of this
^oatting- , . 2 Cor. xi. 10.
4. I o put an end to the motion or action of arty thino-.
Friend, ’tis the duke’s pleafufe,
Whofe difpofition, all the world well knows,
Will not berubb’d nor [topp'd. Shakef King Lear.
Almon falls, pierc’d with an arrow from the diftant war;
Fix’d in his throat the flying weapon flood,
Andftopp'd his breath, and drank his vital blood. Dryden.
5. To fupprefs.
Every bold (Inner, when about to engage in the commiffiom
of any known fin, (hould arreft his confidence, and ftop the
execution of his purpofe with this quefiion : Do I believe that
God has denounced death to fuch a practice, or do I not ? South.
He, on occafion of [topping my play, did me a good office
at court, by reprefenting it as long ago defigned. Dryden.
6. To regulate mufical firings with the fingers.
In inftruments of firings, if you ftop a fixing high, where¬
by it hath lefs fcope to tremble, the found is more"treble, but
yet more dead. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
7. To clofe any aperture.
Smite every fenced city, ftop all wells of water, and mar
land with (tones. 2 Kings iii. 10.
They pulled away the (houlder, and ftopped their ears, that
they (hould not hear. Zech. vii. 1 r.
A hawk s bell, the holesftopped up, hang by a thread within
a bottle-glafs, and ftop the glafs clofe with wax; Bacon.
His majeftyftopped a leak that did much harm. Bacon.
Stoppings and fuftocations are dangerous in the body. Bacon.
They firft raifed an army with this defign, toftop my mouth
or force my confent. “ King Charles.
Celfus gives a precept about bleeding, that when the blood
is good, which is to be judged by the colour, that immediately
the rein (hould beftopped. Arbuthnot.
o. Toobftrucl; to encumber.
Mountains of ice thatftop th’ imagin’d way. Milton*
To Stop. v. n. To ceafe to go forward.
Some ftrange commotion
Is in his brain : he bites his lip, and darts ;
Stops on a fudden, looks upon the ground.
Then lays his finger on his temple ; ftrait
Springs out into fad gait, thenftops again. Shak. H. VIII
When men purfue their thoughts of fpace, theyftop at the
confines of body, as if fpace were there at an end. Locke.
If the rude throng pour on with furious pace.
And hap to break thee from a friend’s embrace.
Stop (hort, nor druggie through. Qa„t
Stop, n.f [from the verb.] J*
1. Ceffation of progreflive motion;
Thought’s the (lave of time, and life time’s fool;
And time, that takes furvey of all the world.
Mud have a ftop. Shakefpeare.
The marigold, whofe courtier’s face
Ecchoes the fun, and doth unlace
Her at his rife, at his fullftop
Packs and (huts up her gawdy (hop,
Miftakes her cue, and doth difplay. Cleaveland
A lion, ranging for his prey, made a ftop on a fudden at a
hideous yelling noife, which (lartled him. L'Eftran?e
2. Hindrance of progrefs; obftruaion. 6
In weak and tender minds we little know what mifery this
ftri£t opinion would breed, befides the ftops it would make in
the whole courfe of all mens lives and adions. Hooker.
Thefe gates are not fufficient for the communication be¬
tween the walled city and its fuburbs, as daily appears by the
ftops and embarraffes of coaches near both thefe sates. Graunt
My praife the Fabii claim.
And thou great hero, greateft of thy name.
Ordain’d in war to fave the finking (late.
And, by delays, to put aflop to fate. Dryden's JEn.
Occult qualities put aftop to the improvement of natural
phnofophy, and therefore have been rejefted. Newton's Opt
Brokers hinder trade, by making the circuit which the mo’
ney goes larger, and in that circuit moreftops, fo that the re¬
turns muft neceffarily be flower and lcantier. Locke'
female zeal, though proceeding from fo good a principle*
if we may believe the French hiftorians, often put a ftop to the
proceedings of their kings, which might have ended in a re
3. ^Hindrance of aflion. Addifm's Freeholder.
^IS ;txfcrdef,res T7
4. Ceffation of adion. P * Locke*
? Look you to the guard to-night:
Let’s teach ourfelves that honourable ftob
Not to outfport diferetion. J ql i r*
5. Interruption. Shakefpeare.
And rh°u>a\fu11 of Iove and honefly,
rp, Wrcl&1 ^ % w°rds before thou giv’fl them breath;
lerefoie thefby?^ of thine fright me the more. Shakefp.
25 ** 6. Prohibition
/
S T O S T O
6. Prohibition of fale.
If they fhould open a war, they forefee the confumption
France muft fall into by theftop of their wine and falts, wholly
taken off by our two nations. Temple.
7. That which obftrufts; obftacle; impediment.
The proud Dueffa, full of wrathful fpight
And fierce difdain to be affronted fo,
Inforc’d her purple bead with all her might.
Thatftop out of the way to overthrow.- Fairy £>ucen.
On indeed they went: but O ! not far j
A ht&ftop travers’d their headlong courfe. Daniel.
Bleffed be that God who call rubs,/tops, and hindrances in
my way, when I was attempting the commiflion of fuch a
fin< South's Sermons.
So melancholy a profpeft fhould infpire us with zeal to oppofe fome ftop to the rifing torrent, and check this overflowing
of ungodlinefs. Rogers,
8. Inftrument by which the founds of wind mufick are regulated.
You would play upon me, you would feem to know my
/tops’, you would .pluck out the heart of mymyflery. Shakefp.
Bleft are thofe,
Whofe blood and judgment are fo well commingl’d,
That they are not a pipe for fortune’s finger.
To found whatflop fhe pleafe. Shakefp. Hamlet.
The harp
Had work, and refted not; the folemn pipe,
And dulcimer, all organs of fweetftop. Milt. Par. Lojl.
The found
Of inftruments, that made melodious chime,
Was heard of harp and organ; and who mov’d
TheirJtops, and chords, was feen ; his volant touch
Inftinft through all proportions, low and high.
Fled, and purfu’d tranfverfe the refonant fugue. Milton.
A variety of firings may be obferved on their harps, and of
ftop ton their tibiae; which fhews the little foundation that
fuch writers have gone upon, who, from a fhort paffage in a
claffick author, have determined the precife fhape of the an¬
cient mufical inftruments, with the exaft number of their pipes,
firings, andftops. Addifon on Italy.
9. Regulation of mufical chords by the fingers.
The further a firing is ftrained, the lefs fuperftraining goeth
to a note; for it requireth good winding of a firing before it
will make any note at all: and in theflops of lutes, the higher
they go, the lefs diftance is between the frets. Bacon.
10. The aft of applying the ftops in mufick.
Th’ organ-found a time furvives theflop.
Before it doth the dying note give up. Daniel's Civil IVar.
11. A point in writing, by which fentences are diftinguifhed.
Even the iron-pointed pen,
That notes the tragick dooms of men.
Wet with tears ftill’d from the eyes
Of the flinty deftinies.
Would have learn’d a fofter ftyle,
And have been afham’d to fpoil
His life’s fweet ftory by the hafte
Of a cruelflop ill-plac’d. Crajhaw.
Sto'fcock. n.f [flop and cod.] A pipe made to let out
liquor, flopped by a turning cock.
No man could fpit from him without it, but would drivel
like fome paralytick or fool; the tongue being as a Jlopcock to
the air, ’till upon its removal the fpittle is driven away. Grew.
Stoppage, n.f. [fromflop.] The aft of flopping; theftate
of being flopped.
The eftefts are a Jloppage of circulation by too great a
weight upon the heart, and fuffocation. Arbutbnot.
TheJloppage of a cough, or fpitting, increafes phlegm in
the ftomach. Flayer on the Humours.
Sto'pple, or Stopper, n.f. [fromflop.] That by which any
hole or the mouth of any veffel is filled up.
Bottles fwinged, or carried in a wheel-barrow upon rough
ground, fill not full, but leave fome air; for if the liquor
come clofe to theJlopple, it cannot flower. Bacon.
There were no fhuts orfloppies made for the ears, that any
loud or fharp noife might awaken it, as alfo a foft and gentle
murmur provoke it to fleep. Ray on the Creation.
Sto'raxtree. n.f [flyrax, Latin.]
1. A tree.
The flower confifts of one leaf, fhaped like a funnel, and
cut into feveral fegments, out of whofe flower-cup rifes the
pointal, which is fixed like a nail in the forepart of the flower:
this afterwards becomes a roundifh flefhy fruit, including one
or two feeds in hard fhells. Miller.
2. A refmous and odoriferous gum.
I yielded a pleafunt odour like the beft myrrh, as galbanum,
and fweet ftorax. Ecclusxxiv. 15.
STORE, n.f [/Sr,, in old Swedifh and Runick, is much, and
is prefixed to other words to intend their fignification; flor,
Danifii; floor, Iflandick, is great. 'Fhe Teutonick dialefts
nearer to Englifh feem not to have retained this word.]
1.Large number; large quantity ; plenty.
The (hips are fraught with/lore of viftuals, and good quan¬
tity of treafure. Bacon,
None yet, butJlore hereafter from the earth
Up hither like aereal vapours flew,
Of all things tranfitory and vain, when fin
With vanity had fill’d the works of men. Milt. Par. Lojl.
Jove, grant me length of life, and years goo<1 Jlore
Heap on my bended back. Dryden’s Juvenal.
2. A flock accumulated ; a fupply hoarded.
We liv’d
Supine amidft our flowinsJlore,
We flept fecurely, and we dreamt of more. Dryden.
Thee, goddefs, thee, Britannia’s ifle adores:
How has fhe oft exhaufted all herJlores,
How oft in fields of death thy prefence fought ?
Nor thinks the mighty prize too dearly bought. Addfon.
Their minds are richly fraught
With philofophickftores. Thomfon.
3. Theftate of being accumulated ; hoard.
Is not this laid up in Jlore with me, and fealed up among
mytreafures? Deutr. xxxii. 34.
Divine Cecilia came,
Inventrefs of the vocal frame:
The fweet enthufiaft from her facredJlore
Enlarg’d the former narrow bounds,
And added length to folemn founds.
4. Storehoufe; magazine.
Sulphurous and nitrous foam,
Concofted and adufled, they reduc’d
To blackeft grain, and intoJlore convey’d.
Store, adj. Hoarded; laid up; accumulated.
What floods of treafure have flowed into Europe by that
aftion, fo that the caufe of Chriftendom is raifed fince twenty
times told : of this treafure the gold was accumulate and Jlcre
treafure; but the filver is ftill growing. Bacon's Holy War.
To Store, v. a. [from the noun.]
r. To furnifh ; to replenifh.
Wife Plato faid the world with men wasfiord.
That fuccour each to other might afford. Denham,
Her face with thoufand beauties bleft;
Her mind with thoufand virtuesJlor'd-,
Her pow’r with boundlefs joy confeft.
Her perfon only not ador’d. Prior.
2. To flock againft a future time.
Some were of opinion that it were beft to flay where they
were, until more aid and ftore of viftuals were come; but
others faid the enemy were but barelyJlorcd with viftuals, and
therefore could not long hold out. Knolles's Hifl. of the Turks.
One having Jlored a pond of four acres with carps, tench,
and other fifli, and only put in two fmall pikes, at feven years
end, upon the draught, not one fifli was left, but the two
pikes grown to an exceffive bignefs. Hale.
The mind reflefts on its own operations about the ideas
got by fenfation, and therebyfores itfelf with a new fet of
ideas, which I call ideas of reflection. Locke.
Tofore the veffel let the care be mine,
With water from the rocks and rofy wine,
And life-fuftaining bread. Pope's Odyffey.
3. To lay up ; to hoard.
Let the main part of the corn be a common flock, laid in
andfored up, and then delivered out in proportion. Bacon.
Storehouse, n.f. [fore and houfe.] Magazine; treafury;
place in which things are hoarded and repofited againft a fu¬
ture time.
By us it is willingly confeffed, that the Scripture of God is
a forehoufe abounding with ineftimable treafures of wifdom
and knowledge, in many kinds over and above things in this
kind barely neceffary. Hooker.
They greatly joyed merry tales to feign,
Of which aforehoufe did with her remain. Fairy S$ucen.
Suffer us to famifh, and their forehoufes cramm’d with
grain ! Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Jofeph opened all theforehoufes, and fold unto the Egyp¬
tians. Gen. xli. 56.
To thefe high pow’rs aforehoufe doth pertain,
Where they all arts and gen’ral reafons lay ;
Which in the foul, ev’n after death, remain,
And no Lethean flood can wafh away. Davies.
My heart hath been a (lorehoufe long of things
And Payings laid up, portending ftrange events. Parad. Reg.
The image of God was refplendent in man’s practical
underftanding, namely that forehoufe of the foul, in which
are treafured up the rules of aftion and the feeds of morality.
South's Sermons.
As many different founds as can be made by fingle articula¬
tions, fo many letters there are in theforehoufe of nature. Hold.
Sto'rf.R. n.f. [from Jlore.] One who lays up.
Sto'ried. adj. [{comfory.J Adorned with hiftorical pictures.
Let my due feet never fail
To walk the ftudious cloifters pale.
And love the high embowed roof.
With antick pillar mafly proof.
And ftoried windows richly dight,
Calling a dim religious light. Milton..
Some
Dryden.
Milton.
S T O S T O
Some greedy minion or imperious wife.
The trophy’d arches, ftoryd halls invade. Pope.
Stork, n.f [ytopc, Saxon.] A bird of pafiage famous for
the regularity of its departure.
Its beak and legs are long and red ; it feeds upon ferpents,
frogs, and infers: its plumage would be quite white, were
not the extremity of its wings, and alfo fome part of its head
and thighs black: it fits for thirty days and lays but four eggs.
Formerly they would not eat the ftork; but at prefent it is
much efteemed for the delicioufnefs of its flefh: they go away
in the middle of Auguft, and return in fpring. Calmet.
The ftork in the heaven knoweth her appointed times. Jer.
Sto'rksbill. n.f An herb. Ainfworth.
STORM, n.f. [yftorm, Welfh ; ptopm, Saxon;florin, Dutch;
ftormo, Italian.]
1. A tempeft; a commotion of the elements.
O turn thy rudder hitherward a while.
Here may thyftorm-beat veifel fafely ride. Spenfr.
We hear this fearful tempeft fing,
Yet feek no fhelter to avoid theform. Shakefpcare.
Them fhe upftays, mindlefs the while
Herfelf, though faireft unfupported flower.
From her beft prop fo far andform fo nigh. Milton.
Sulphurous hail fhot after us inform. Milton.
Then ftay my child ! forms beat and rolls the main ;
Oh, beat thofeforms and roll the feas in vain. Pope.
2. Aflault on a fortified place.
How by form the walls were won,
Or how the vi£for fack’d and burnt the town. Drydcn.
3. Commotion; fedition; tumult; clamour; buftle.
Whilft I in Ireland nourifh a mighty band,
I will ftir up in England fome blackftorm. Shakefpearc.
Her fifter
Began to fcold and raife up fuch a ftorm,
That mortal ears might hardly endure the din. Sbakefp.
4. Affliction; calamity; diftrefs.
5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force.
As oft as we are delivered from thofe either imminent or
prefent calamities, againft the form and tempeft whereof we
all inftantly craved favour from above, let it be a queftion
what we fheuld render unto God for his bleflings, univerfally,
fenfibly, and extraordinarily beftowed. Hooker.
To Storm, v. a. [from the noun.] To attack by open force.
From ploughs and harrows fent to feek renown,
They fight in fields, andftorm the ftiaken town. Drydcn.
There the brazen tow’r wasform'd of old.
When Jove defcended in almighty gold. Pope.
To Storm, v. n.
1. To raife tempefts.
So now he forms with many a fturdy ftoure.
So now his bluftering blaft each coaft doth fcoure. Spenfr.
2. To rage; to fume; to be loudly angry.
Hoarfe, and all in rage,
As mock’d they form. Milton's Paradifc Lof.
When you return, the mafter forms, the lady fcolds. Swift.
While thus they rail, and fcold, and ftorm,
It paffes but for common form. Swift.
Sto'rmv. adj. [fromyLr/w.]
1. Tempeftuous.
Bellowing clouds burft with aftormy found.
And with an armed winter ftrew the ground. Addifon s Italy.
The tender apples from their parents rent
Byftormy fhocks, muft not negleded lie. Philips.
2. Violent; paflionate.
Theftormy fultan rages at our ftay. Irene.
STO'RY. n.f. yzcep, Saxon; ftorie, Dutch; ftoria, Italian;
irofoc.]
1. Hiftory; account of things paft.
The fable of the dividing of the world between the three
fons of Saturn, arofe from the true ftory of the dividing of the
earth between the three brethren the fons of Noah. Raleigh.
Thee I have heard relating what was done
Ere my remembrance: now hear me relate
Myftory which perhaps thou haft not heard. Milton.
To king Artaxerxes, thy fervants Rathumnus the ftory-
\vriter, and Smellius the feribe. 1 Eflr. ii. 1 7.
The four great monarchies make the fubjeeft of ancient
ftory, and are related by the Greek and Latin authors. Temple.
Governments that once made fuch a noife, as founded up¬
on the deepeft counfels and the ftrongeft force; yet by fome
flight mifearriage which let in ruin upon them, are now fo
utterly extineft, that nothing remains of them but a name ;
nor are there the leaft traces ot them to be found but only in
ftory. South's Sermons.
2. Small tale; petty narrative; account of a Angle incident.
In the road between Bern and Soleurre, a monument erect¬
ed by the republick of Bern, tells us the ftory of an Englifhman not to be met with in any of our own writers. AddiJcn.
3. An idle or trifling talc ; a petty fidtion.
Thefe flaws and ftarts, would well becomeA woman’s ftory at a winter’s fire.
Authoris’d by her grandame. Shakefpcare's Macleth.
9
This feene had fome bold Greek or Britilh bard
Beheld of old, whatftories had we heard
Of fairies, fatyrs, and,the nymphs their dames,
Their feafts, their revels, and their am’rous flames. Denham.
My maid left on the table one of hery?or;>-books, which I
found full of ftrange impertinence, of poor fervants who came
to be ladies. Swift.
4.[j"cop, place, Saxon.] A floor ; a flight of rooms.
Avoid enormous heights of feven ftories, as well as irre¬
gular forms, and the contrary fault of low diftended fronts.
Wotton.
Sonnets or elegies to Chloris,
Might raife a houfe about two ftories;
A lyrick ode wou’d Hate ; a catch
Would tile; an epigram would thatch. Sxvift.
To Story, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To tell in hiftory; to relate.
How worthy he is, I will leave to appear hereafter, rather
than ftory him in his own hearing. Shakefpcare s Cymbeline.
’Tis not vain or fabulous
What the fage poets, taught by th’ heav’nly mufe,
Story'd of old in high immortal verfe,
Of dire chimera’s and enchanted ifles,
And rifted rocks; whofe entrance leads to hell. Milton.
It \sftoried of the brazen Coloflus, in the ifland of Rhodes,
that it was feventy cubits high ; the thumbs of it being fo big,
that no man could grafp one of them about with both his arms.
Wilkins.
Recite them, nor in erring pity fear,
To wound with ftoriedgriefs the filial ear. Pope.
2. To range one under another.
Becaufe all the parts of an undifturbed fluid are of equal
gravity, or gradually placed orforied according to the differ¬
ence of it; any concretion that can be fuppofed to be natu¬
rally and mechanically made in fuch a fluid, muft have a like
ftrudure of its feveral parts; that is, either be all over of a
fimilar gravity, or have the more ponderous parts nearer to
its bafis. Bentley s Sermons.
Sto'ryteller. n.f [ ftory and tell.'] One who relates tales;
An hiftorian. In contempt.
In fuch a fatire all would feek a fhare.
And every fool will fancy he is there;
Old forytellers too muft pine and die.
To fee their antiquated wit laid by;
Like her, who mifs’d her name in a lampoon,
And griev’d to find herfelf decay’d fo foon. Drydcn.
Company will be no longer peftered with dull, dry, tedi¬
ousforytellers. Swift's Polite Converfation.
Stove, n.f. [foo, Iflandick, a fire place; yzoyoa, Saxon;
efuve, French ; ftove, Dutch.]
1. A hot houfe ; a place artificially made warm.
Filhermen who make holes in the ice, to dip up fuch fifti
with their nets as refort thither for breathing, light on fwallows
congealed in clods, of a flimy fubftance, and carrying them
home to theirfoves, the warmth recovereth them to life and
flight. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
The heat which arifes out of the lefler fpiracles brings forth
nitre and fulphur; fome of which it affixes to the tops and
fides of the grotto’s, which are ufually fo hot as to ferve for
naturalfoves or fweating vaults. Woodward.
The mod proper place for un&ion is afove. Wifeman.
2. A place in which fire is made, and by which heat is commu¬
nicated.
If the feafon prove exceeding piercing, in your great houfe
kindle fome charcoals; and when they have done fmoaking,
put them into a hole funk a little into the floor, about the
middle of it. This is the fafeftfove. Evelyn.
To Stove, v. a. [ from the noun.] To keep warm in a houfe
artificially heated.
For December, January, and the latter part of November,
take fuch things as are green all winter; orange trees, lemon
trees, and myrtles, if they be foved; and fweet marjoram
warm fet. Bacon.
To Stound. v. n. [funde, I grieved, Iflandick.]
1. To be in pain or forrow. Out of ufe.
2. Forfun'd. Spcnfer.
Stound. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Sorrow; grief; milhap. Out of ufe. The Scots retain it.
Begin and end the bitter balefulfound,
Iflefs than that I fear. Fair. Shiecn.
The fox his copefmate found,
To whom complaining his unhappyfound.
He with him far’d fome better chance to find. Hubberd.
2. Aftonifhment; amazement.
Thus we ftood as in afound.
And wet with tears, like dew, the ground. Gay.
3* Hour5 time» feafon. ’ Spenfr.
otour. n.f. [fur, Runick, a battle ; pteopan, Saxon, to difturb.] Aflault; incurfion; tumult. Obfolete.
And he that harrow’d hell with heavyfour,
I he faulty fouls from thence brought to his heavenly bowr.
Fairy Fifteen.
Love
J
STR
Love, that long fince has to thy mighty powrc
Per force fubdu’d my poor captived heart,
And raging now therein with reftlefsflowre,
Do’ll: tyrannize in every weaker part. Spenfer.
T he giant ftruck fo mainly mercilefs,
That cou’d have overthrown a ftonny tower,
And were not heavenly grace that him did blefs.
He had been pouldered all as thin as flower.
But he was v/ary of that deadlyflowre. Fairy flhtccn.
STOUT, n.f [Jhut, Dutch; Jioiz, proud, German; flautan,
Gothick, is to ftrike.]
1. Strong; lufty ; valiant.
When I was young,
I do remember how my father faid,
Aflouter champion never handled fword. Shake/. Hen, VI,
Some captain of the land or fleet,
SW/ofhis hands, but of a foldier’s wit;
Cries, I have fenfe to ferve my turn, in {lore.
And he’s a rafeal who pretends to more. Dryden,
2. Brave; bold; intrepid.
They?,jz^-hearted are fpoiled, they have flept their fleep.
Pf/l. Ixxvi. 5.
He loll the chara&er of a bold, Jiout, and magnanimous
man, which he had been long reputed to be. Clarendon.
3. Obftinate; pertinacious; refolute; proud.
The lords all Hand,
To clear their caufe, moll refolutelyJiout. Daniel
There virtue andJloui honour pafs’d the guard,
Thofe only friends that could not be debar’d. Bathurjl.
4. Strong; firm.
"1 hofloutefl vefiel to the llorm gave way.
And fuck’d through loofen’d planks the rulhing fea. Dryden,
Stout, n.f. A cant name for llrong beer.
Should but his mufe defeending drop
A flice of bread and mutton chop,
Or kindly, when his credit’s out,
•Surprife him with a pint offlout;
Exalted in his mighty mind.
He flies and leaves the liars behind. Swift.
Stou'tly. adv. [fromflout J Lullily; boldly; obllinately.
Stou'tness. n.f. [fromflout.]
1. Strength; valour.
2. Boldnefs; fortitude.
His bafhfulnefs in youth was the very true fign of his virtue
anAfloutnefs after. Afcham’s Schoolmafler.
3* Obllinacy; llubbornefs.
Come all to ruin, let
Thy mother rather feel thy pride, than fear
Thy dangerousyWw/} ; for I mock at death
_ as flout heart as thou. Shakefpeare's Coriolar.us.
1 obTOW. -y. a. [prop, Sax.floe, old Frifick, a place; flowen,
Dutch ; to lay up.J T o lay up ; to repofite in order; to lay
in the proper place. J
Foul thief! where hall thouflow'd my daughter ? Shat.
I’th’holllers of the faddle-bow.
Two aged piflols he diAflow. Hudilras.
Someflow their oars, or Hop the leaky fides. Dryden.
All the patriots of their ancient liberties were beheaded,
flowed in dungeons, or condemned to work in the mines. Ad.
The goddefs Ihov’d the vefiel from the Ihores,
AnAflow'd within its womb the naval llores. Pope.
Stow'age. n.f [fromflow.]
1. Room for laying up.
In every vefiel there isflowage for immenfe treafures, when
the cargo is pure bullion, or merchandize of as great a value.
Addifon on the State ofthe War.
2. The Hate of being laid up.
’Tis plate of rare device, and jewels
Of rich and exquifite form, their value’s great;
And I am fomething curious, being llrange,
1 0 have them in fade flowage. Shakefpeare's Cymleline.
Stowe, floe. Whether fingly or jointly are the fame with the
Saxon prop, a place. Gibfon’s Camden.
oTRA bism. n.f. [flrabifne, Jr. rpo’Xury.cg.J Afquinting; a£t
of looking afquint.
Io Str a ddle. v. n. [Suppofed to come fromflriddle orflride.]
i o Hand or walk with the feet removed far from each other
to the right and left.
Let man furvey himfelf, divelled of artificial charms, and
e will find himfelf a forkedflradling animal, with bandy legs.
„„ „ Arhuthnot and Pope.
i o M RA'GGLE. [Of this word no etymology is known ;
it is probably a frequentative offtray, from Itravviare, Italian,
of extraviam, Latin.]
1 ambleVan<ler Wltllout an>r certain dire&ion; to rove; to
But flay, like one that thinks to bring his friend
A mile or two, and fees the journey’s end:
J/traggie on too far. J
Having P^dtheSyrens, they came between Scylk Ltd
Charybdis, and theflragglmg rock«, which fcemed tocaft out
great ftore ot flames and Imyke. Raleigh
STR
A wolf fpied out aJlraggling kid, and purfued him. L'Eflr.
Children, even when they endeavour their utmoft, cannot
keep their minds fromJlraggling. T nri,p
2. I « wander difperfedly. *
He likewife enriched poor Jlraggling foldiers with great
quantity . Shakefpeare's Timon of Athens.
fly ound in Burford fome of theJlraggling foldiers, who
cut ofWearinefs fayed behind. CUrcndm.
romJtragglmg mountaineers for publick good,
o ran in tribes, and quit the favage wood ;
oufes to build, and them contiguous make.
For cheerful neighbourhood and lafety’s fake. Talc,
3. lo exuberate; to Ihoot too far.
Were they content to prune the lavifh vine.
OfJlraggling branches, and improve the wine,
Trim off the fmall fuperfluous branches on each fide of the
hedge that'flraggle too far out. Mortimer's Husbandry.
4. 1 o be difperfed ; to be apart from any main body; to Hand
lingle. J
Wide was his parifh, not contrafred clofe
In ftreets, but here and there aJlraggling houfe*
Yet ftill he was at hand. * Dryden'
Stra'ggler. n.f. [fromflraggle.]
1. A wanderer; a rover; one who forfakes his company one
who rambles without any fettled direction.
The lafl fhould keep the countries from paffage offlragglers
from thofe parts, whence they ufe to come forth, and often¬
times ufe to work much mifehief. Spenfer's Ireland.
Let s whip thefeJlragglers o’er the feas again,
Lafii hence thefe over-weening rags of France,
Thefe famifh’d beggars. Shakefpeare's Richard III.
His pruning hook corre£ls the vines.
And the loofoflragglers to their ranks confines. Pope:
Bottles miffing are fuppofed to be half Itolen by flragglers,
and the other half broken. Swift.
2. Any thing that pulhes beyond the reft, or Hands fingle. J *
Let thy hand fupply the pruning knife.
And crop luxuriantflragglers, nor.be loth
CTDTt°^& tlie branches of their Ieafy growth. Dryden.
RAIGH ^ . adj. [flrack, old Dutch. It is well obferved by
AinJworth, that for not crooked we ought to write flraight, and
lor narrowflrait; but forfreight, which is fometimes found,
there is no good authority.] *
1. Not crooked; right.
Beauty made barren the fwell’d boaft
Of him that beft could fpeak ; feature, laming
The fhrine of Venus, or flraight-pight Minerva.
a 1 .51 , Shakefpeare.
A hunter s horn and cornet is oblique; yet they have likeWifoflraight horns ; which, if they be of the fame bore with
the oblique, differ little in found, fave that theflraight require
fomewhat a ftronger blaft. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
. 1 here ,are r^any feveral forts of crooked lines ; but there
is one only which isflraight Dryden.
Water and air the varied form confound;
hejl aight looks crooked, and the fquare grows round.
When I fee a flrait ftaff appear crooked while half under
the water, the water gives me a falfe idea. Watts's Logick.
2. Narrow; clofe. This fhould properly be flrait, eftroit, Fr.
[bee Strait.] , J
Queen Elizabeth ufed to fay of her inftruflions to great of¬
ficers, that they were like to garments, flrait at the firft put¬
ting on, but did by and by wear loofe enough. Bacon.
Straight, adv. [flrax, Danifh; flrack, Dutch.] Immedi¬
ately ; diredlly. 1 his fenfe is naturally derived from the ad¬
jective, as a flraight line is the fhorteftline between two points.
It the devil come and roar for them,
I will not fend them. I will afterflraight.
And tell him fo Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
. bobe ^‘n^s which the noRrilsflraight abhor and expel, are
noc the moft pernicious. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
With chalk I firft deferibe a circle here,
W here the aetherial fpirits muff appear:
Come in, come in ; for here they will beflrait:
Around, around the place I fumigate. Dryden.
I know thy generous temper well.
Fling but the appearance of diftionour on it,
nflraight takes fire, and mounts into a blaze. Addifon.
Io Straighten, v. a. [from flraight.] To make not
crooked ; to make flraight.
A crooked flick is notftraightened except it be as far bent
on the clean contrary fide. Hooker.
Ot our felves being fo apt to err, the only way which we
have to ftraighten our paths is, by following the rule of his
will, whofe footfteps naturally are right. Hooker.
Strai'ghtness. n.f [fromflraight.] Reflitude; the con¬
trary to crookednefs.
Some are for mails, as fir and pine, becaufe of their length
and flraightnefs. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.»
StraTghtways, adv, [flraight and way. Immediately;
flraight.
Let
STR
Let me here for ay in peace remain.
Or ftraightway on that la(t long voyage fare. Fairy ffhieen.
Soon as he entred was, the doorjtraightway
Did iliut. Fairy £hieen.
Thus ftands my ftate, ’twixt Cade and York diftreft ;
Like to a fliip, that, having ’fcap’d a tempeft,.
Isftraitway claim’d and hoarded with a pirate. Shakefp.
Blood will I draw on thee, thou art a witch,
And ftraightway give thy foul to him thou ferv’ft.
Shakefpeare.
The Turks ftraightway breaking in upon them, made a
bloody fight. Knolles.
As foon as iron is out of the fire, it deadeth ftraightways.
Bacon's Natural Hiftory.
The found of a bell is flrong; continueth fome time after
the percuffion ; but ceafeth ftraightways ifthe bell or firing be
touched. Bacon's NaturalHifory.
The fun’s power being in thofe months greater, it then
ftraightways hurries fleams up into the atmofphere. Woodward.
To S 1'RAIN. v. a. [eflreindre, French.]
1. To fqueeze through fomething.
Their aliment ought to be light, rice boiled in whey and
{trained. At buthnot on Diet.
2. To purify by filtration.
Earth doth not{rain water fo finely as fand. Bacon.
3. To fqueeze in an embrace.
I would have{train'dhim with a ftri£l embrace;
But through my arms he flipt and vanifh’d. Dryden.
Old Evander, with a clofe embrace,
Strain d his departing friend; and tears o’erflow his face.
Dryden's Aneid.
4. Tofprain; to weaken by too much violence.
The jury make no more fcruple to pafs againfl an Englifhman and the queen, though it be toftrain their oaths, than to
drink milk unflrained. Spenfer s State ofIreland.
Prudes decay’d about may tack.
Strain their necks, with looking back. Swift.
5. To put to its utmofl flrength.
By this we fee in a caufe of religion, to how defperate ad¬
ventures men will ftrain themfelves for relief of their own
part, having law and authority againfl them. Hooker.
Too well I wote my humble vaine,
And how my rhimes been rugged and unkempt;
Yet as I con my cunning 1 will ftrain. Spenfer.
Thus mine enemy fell.
And thus I fet my foot on’s neck ;—even then
The princely blood Hows in his cheek, he fweats.
Strains his young nerves, and puts himfelf in poflure
That acts my words. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
My earthly by his heavenly overpower’d,
Which it had long flood under,Jlrair!d to th’ height
In that celeflial colloquy fublime,
As with an objedt that excels the fenfe,
Dazled and fpent, funk down. Milton's Farad. Lojl.
The lark and linnet fing with rival notes;
They ftrain their warbling throats.
To welcome in the fpring. Dryden.
Nor yet content, fheftrains her malice more,
And adds new ills to thofe contriv’d before. Dryden.
It is the worft fort of good hufbandry for a father not to
ftrain himfelf a little for his fon’s breeding. Locke.
Our words flow from us in a fmooth continued flream,
without thofeframings of the voice, motions of the body, and
majefly of the hand, which are fo much celebrated in the ora¬
tors of Greece and Rome. Atterbury.
Strain'd to the root, the flooping forefl pours
A ruffling fhower of yet untimely leaves. Thomfon.
6. To make ftraitor tenfe.
A bigger firing moreftrained, and a lefier firing lefs{trained,
may fall into the fame tone. Bacon.
[ hou, the more he varies forms, beware
Toy rain his fetters with a flridler care. Dryden s Virgil.
7. To pufh beyond the proper extent.
See they fuffer death,
But in their deaths remember they are men,
Strain not the laws to make their torture grievous. Addifn.
There can be no other meaning in this expreffion, how¬
ever fome may pretend to ftrain it. Swift.
8. To force; to conftrain ; to make uneafy or unnatural.
'The lark fings foout of tune.
Straining harfh difeords and unpleafing ftrains. Shakefpeare.
He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth
Is forc’d and ftrain'd: in his looks appears
A wild diftrabled fiercenefs. Denham.
To Strain, v. n, To make violent efforts.
To bujld his fortune I will ftrain a little,
For ’tis a bond in men. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
You Hand like greyhounds in the flips,
Straining upon the flart. Shakefp. Hen. V.
They ftrain,
1 hat death may not them idly find t’ attend
T heir certain Jaft, but work to meet their end. Daniel.
S T R
Straining with too weak a wing,
We needs will write cpillles to the king. Pipe.
2.I'o be filtred by compreftion.
Cssfar thought that all fea fands had natural fp-Jngs of frefh
water : but it is the fea water; becaufe the pit filled according
to the meafure of the tide, and the fea water pafling orjtrain¬
ing through the fands leaveth the faltnefs behind them. Bacon.
Strain. n.J. [from the verb.]
1. An injury by too much violence.
Credit is gained by cuftom, and feldom recovers a Jlrain;
but if broken, is never well fet again. 'temple.
In ajl pain there is a deformity by a folution of continuity,
as in cutting; or a tendency to folution, as in convulfions or
Jlrains. Grew.
2. [ytenje, Saxon.] Race; generation; defeent. Spenfer.
Thus far I can praife him; he is of a noble (train.
Of approv’d valour. Shakefpeare.
Twelve Trojan youths, born of their nobleflJlrain',
I took alive: and, yet enrag’d, will empty all their veins
Of vital fpirits. Chapman's Iliad.
Why do’fl thou falfly feign
Thyfelf a Sidney ? from which nobleJlrain
He fprung, that could fo far exalt the name
Of love. Waller.
Turn then to Pharamond, and Charlemagne,
And the long heroes of the GallickJlrain. Prior.
3. Hereditary difpofition.
Amongfl thefe fweet knaves and all this courtefy ! theJlrain
of man’s bred out into baboon and monkey. Shakefpeare.
Intemperance and lull breed difeafes, which propagated,
fpoil theJlrain of a nation. Tiliotfon.
4. A ftile or manner of fpeaking.
According to the genius andJlrain of the book of Proverbs,
the words wifdom and righteoufnefs are ufed to fignify all re¬
ligion and virtue. Tiliotfon's Sermons.
In our liturgy are as greatJlrains of true fublime eloquence,
as are any where to be found in our language. Swift.
Macrobius fpeaks of Hippocrates’ knowlege in very lofty
frains. Baker%
5. Song; note; found.
Wilt thou love fuch a woman ? what, to make thee an inftrument, and play falfeJlrains upon thee. Shakefpeare.
Orpheus felf may heave his head
From golden flumber on a bed
Of heap’d Elyfian flowers, and hear
Such Jlrains as would have won the ear
Of Pluto, to have quite fet free
His half-regain’d Eurydice. Milton;
Their heav’nly harps a lowerJlrain began,
And in foft mufick mourn the fall of man. Dryden.
When the firft bold veflel dar'd the feas,
High on the fiern the Thracian rais’d hisJlrain,
While Argo faw her kindred trees
Defcend from Pelion to the main. Pope's St. Cecilia.
6. Rank ; character.
But thou who lately of the commonJlrain,
Wert one of us, if ftill thou do’fl: retain
The fame ill habits, the fame follies too,
Still thou art bound to vice, and ftill a flave. Dryden.
7. Turn; tendency.
Becaufe hereticks have a flrain of madnefs, he applied her
with fome corporal chaftifements, which with refpite of time
might haply reduce her to good order. Hayward.
8. Manner of violent fpeech or adlion.
You have fhew’d to-day your valiant{rain.
And fortune led you well. Shakefp. King Lear.
Such take too high a {rain at the firft, and are magna¬
nimous more than trail of years can uphold, as was Scipio
Africanus, of whom Livy faith, ultima prhnis cedebant. Bacon.
Strai'ner. n.f. [from{rain.} An inftrument of filtration.
The excrementitious moifture pafleth in birds through a
finer and more delicate ftrainer than it doth in beafts; for
feathers pafs through quills, and hair through flan. Bacon.
Shave the goat’s fhaggy beard, left thou too 1 ate
In vain fhould’ft feek a{vainer to difpart
1 he hufky terrene dregs from purer mud. Philips:
The ftomach and inteftines are the prefs, and the laileal veffels xhejlrainers to feparate the pure emulfion from its feces. Arb.
Thefe when condens’d, the airy region pours
On the dry earth, in rain or gentle (howers,
Th’ infinuating drops fink through the fand,
And pafs the porous drainers of the land. Bluekit. ore.
STRAIT, adj. [ejlroit, French; Jlrcttc, Italian.]
1. Narrowclofe ; not wide.
Witnefles, like watches go
.Tull as they’re fet, too fall or flow ;
And where in confcience they’refireFht lac’d
’Tts ten to one that fide is call. ° * Hudibras.
2. T.Joie; intimate.
He, forgetting all former injuries, had received that naughty
r exirtu.i into aJlraight degree of favour, his goodnefs being as
apt to be deceived, as the other's craft was to deceive. Sidney.
25 T 3. Strict;
STR
3. Stri^i rigorous.
Therefore hold \frail vW thy commandments; and all fane
ways I utterly abhor. Pfahas, Common Prayer.
Fugitives are not relieved by the profit of their lands in Eng¬
land, for there is &freighter order taken. Spenjet.
He now, forfooth, takes on him to refoim
Some certain edidts, and fome frait decrees
That lay too heavy on the commonwealth. 6bakejpeare.
4. Difficult; diftrefsful.
Proceed nofruiter ’gainft our uncle Glo Iter,
Than from the evidence of good efteem.
He be approv’d in practice culpable. Shakejp. Henry V 1.
5. It is ufed in oppofition to crooked, but is then more properly
Written ftraight. [See Streight.]
A bell or a cannon may be heard beyond a hill which in¬
tercepts the fight of the founding body, and founds are pro¬
pagated as readily through crooked pipes as through Jlreight
[>ngS Newtons Opticks.
Strait, n.f.
j. A narrow pafs, or frith.
Plant garrifons to command the Jit"eights and narrow paflages. b Spenfcr.
Honour travels in afreight fo narrow,
Whereone but goes abreaft. Shakefpeare'sTroil. and Crejfda.
Fretum Magellanicum, or Magellan’s Straits. Abbot.
They went forth unto thefraits of the mountain. Judith.
The Saracens brought together with their victories their
language and religion into all that coaft of Africk, even fiom
Egypt to the freights of Gibraltar. Brerewood on Languages.
2.Diftrefs ; difficulty.
The independent party which abhorred all motions towards
peace, were in as great freights as the other how to carry on
their defigns. _ Clarendon.
It was impoffible to have adminiftred fuch advice to the king,
in the freight he was in, which being purfued might not have
proved inconvenient. Clarendon.
Thyfelf
Bred up in poverty, andfreights at home,
Loft in a defart here, and hunger-bit. Miltons Paradife Reg.
Thus Adam, fore befet! reply’d,
O heav’n ! in evilfreight this day I ftand
Before my Judge. Miltons Paradife Lof.
Let no man who owns a Providence grow defperate under
any calamity orfrait whatfoever, butcompofe the anguiftj of
his thoughts upon this one confideration, that he comprehends
not thofe ftrange unaccountable methods by which Provi¬
dence may difpofe of him. South s Sermons.
Some modern authors obferving whatfraits they have been
put to in all ages, to find out water enough for Noah s flood,
fay, Noah’s flood was not univerfal, but a national inundation.
Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
’Tis hard with me, whatever choice I make,
I muft not merit you, or muft forfake :
But in this freight, to honour I’ll be true.
And leave my fortune to the gods and you. Dryden.
Caefar fees
Thefreights to which you’re driven, and as he knows
Cato’s high worth, is anxious for your life. Addifon's Cato.
Ulyfies made ufe of the pretence of natural infirmity to con¬
ceal thefraits he was in at that time in his thoughts. Broome.
To Strait, v. a. [from the noun.] To put to difficulties.
If your lafs
Interpretation (hould abufe, and call this
Your lack of love or bounty; you were fruited
For a reply, at leaft, if you make care
Of happy holding her. Shakefpeat e s Winter s Tale.
ToStrai'ten. v. a. [fromfrait.]
1. To make narrow.
The city of Sion has a fecure haven, yet with fomething a
dangerous entrance, frailened on the north fide by the fearuined wall of the mole Sandys’s Journey.
If this be our condition, thus to dwell
In narrow circuit, Jlraiten'd by a foe,
Subtile or violent. Milton's Paradife Lof.
Whateverfraitens the veftels, fo as the channels become
more narrow, muft heat; therefore ftrait cloaths and cold
baths, heat. Arhuthnot on Diet.
2. To contrail; to confine.
Thtfraitning and confining the profeffion of the common
law, muft naturally extend and enlarge the jurifiiidlion of the
church. Clarendon.
The landed man finds him aggrieved by the falling of his
rents, and the freightning of his fortune, whilft the monied
man keeps up his gain. Locke.
Feeling can give us a notion of all ideas that enter at the
eye, except colours; but it is very muchfreightened and con¬
fined to the number, bulk, and diftance of its obje£ls. Addifon.
The caufes whichJlraiten the Britifli commerce, will en¬
large the french. Addifon's State ofthe IVar.
3. To make tight; to intend.
Stretch them at their length.
And pull thefreighter!d cords with all your ftrength. Dryd.
2
ST R
Morality, by her falfe guardians drawn,
Chicane in furs, and cafuiftry in lawn,
Gafps, as they fratten at each end the cord.
And dies when dulnefs gives her page the word. Pur.dad.
4. To deprive of necefiary loom.
Waters when Jlraitned as in the falls of bridges, give a roar¬
ing noife. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
He could not befreightned in room or provifions, or com¬
pelled to fight. Clarendon.
Several congregations find themfelves very much fiaAned,
and if the mode encreafe, I wifh it may not drive many ordi¬
nary women into meetings. Addijon s Spectator.
5. To diftrefs; to perplex.
Men by continually ftriving and fighting to enlarge their
bounds, and encroaching upon one another, feem to bef> aitred for want of room. Ray,
Strai'tly. adv. [fromfraitj
1. Narrowly.
2. Stridlly; rigoroufly.
Thofe laws he Jlraitly requireth to be obferved without
breach or blame. Hooker.
3. Clofely; intimately.
isTRAi'TNEss. n.f. [fromfraitJ
1. Narrownefs.
The town was hard to befiege, and uneafy to come unto,
by reafon of thefrattnefs of all the places 2 Maccab. Ai.
" It is a great errour, and a narrownefs ox frattnefs of mirid,
if any man think that nations have nothing to do one w.th an¬
other, except there be an union in fovereignty, or a conjun¬
ction in padt. Bacon's Holy War.
The fraitnefs of my confidence will not give me leave to
fwallow down fuch camels. E-ing Charles.
2. Striffnefs; rigour.
If his own life anfwer the fraitnefs of his proceeding, it
fball become him well. Shakefpeare.
Amono- the Romans, the laws of the twelve tables did ex¬
clude the females from inheriting, and had many otherJlraitnejfes and bardfhips which were fucceffively remedied. Hale.
3. Diftrefs; difficulty.
4. Want; fcarcity.
Thefraitnefs ofthe conveniences of life amongft them had
never reached fo far, as to the ufe of fire, till the Spaniards
brought it amongft them. Locke.
Straitla'ced. adj. [Jlrait and lace.] Stiff; confirained; with¬
out freedom.
Let nature have fcope to fafhion the body as fhe thinks beft ;
we have few well-fbaped that arefraitlaced, or much tamper d.
with. Locke on Education.
Strake. The obfolete preterite okfrike. Struck.
Did’fi thou not fee a bleeding hind
Whofe right haunch earft my ftedfaft arrowfrake. Spenfer.
Fearing left they ftiould fall into the quick-fands, theyfrake
fail, and fo were driven. Adis xxvii. 17.
Strand, n.f. [prpanb, Saxon ; frande, Dutch \ftend, lflan*
dick.] The verge of the fea or of any water.
I faw fweet beauty in her face ;
Such as the daughter of Agenor had,
That made great Jove to humble him to her hand.
When with his knees he kifs’d the Cretanfraud. Shakejp.
Some wretched lines from this negleCled hand,
May find my hero on the foreignfraud.
Warm’d with new fires. Prior.
To Strand, v. a. [from the noun ] To drive or force upon
the fhallows.
Tarchon’s alone was loft, andfranded flood,
Stuck on a bank, and beaten by the flood. Dryden's /Eneld.
I have feen of both thofe kinds from the fea, but fo few
that they can only be fuch as have ftrayed from their main refidence, and been accidentally intercepted and Jlranded by great
ftorms. Woodward on Fofils.
Some from thefranded veffel force their way,
Fearful of fate they meet it in the fea;
Some who efcape the fury of the wave.
Sicken on earth, and fink into a grave. Prior.
STRANGE, adj. [efrangey French ; extraneuSy Latin.]
1. Foreign; of another country.
I do not contemn the knowledge of frange and divers
tongues. Ajcbam's Scboolmafer.
The natural fubjedts of the ftate (hould bear a fuffieier.t pro¬
portion to theJlrange lubjedts that they govern. haem.
2. Not domeftick.
As the man loves leaft at home to be,
That hath a fluttilh houfe, haunted with fprites.
So file, impatient her own faults to fee, .
Turns from herfelf, and infrange things delights. Davits.
3. Wonderful; caufingwonder.
It is evident, and it is one of thefrangef fecrets m founds,
that the whole found is not in the whole air on y ; but rs alfo
in every finall part of the air. Bacons Natural HJlory.
Sated at length, ere long I might perceive
Strange alteration in me. Mi.ton.
*
It
S T R
It is ftrange they fhoutf he fo filent in this matter, when
there were To many occalions to fpeak of it, if our Saviour had
plainly appointed fuch an infallible judge of controverts. Till.
Strange to relate, from young lulus head )
A lambent flame arofe, which gently (pread >
Around his brows, and on his temples fed. Dryden s Mn. 3
Strange to relate, the flames, involv’d in fmoke
Of incenfe, from the facrcd altar broke. Dryden s Ain.
Odd; irregular; not according to the common way.
Deiire my man’s abode, where I did leave him;
He’s ftrange and peevifh. Sbakefp. Cymbehne.
A ftrange proud return you may think I make you, madam,
when I tell you it is not from every body I would be thus
obliged. Suckling.
a Unknown ; new.
Long cuftom had inured them to the former kind alone, by
which the latter was new and ftrange in their ears. Hooker.
Here is the hand and feal of the duke: you know the cha¬
racter, I doubt not; and the fignet is not ftrange to you. Shak.
Jofeph faw his brethren, but made himlell ftrange unto
• them. Gen. Ixii. 7.
Here paffion firft I felt,
Commotionftrange! Milton.
5. Remote.
She makes itftrange, but {he would be belt pleas d
To be fo anger’d with another letter. Shakefpeare.
6. Uncommonly good or bad.-
This made David to admire the law of God at thatftrange
rate and to advance the knowledge of it above all other knowledge. "t'Mon.
n. Unacquainted
They were now, like fand without lime, ill bound toge¬
ther, at a gaze, lookingftrange one upon another, not know¬
ing who was faithful. Bacon.
Strange, interj. An expreflion of wonder.
Strange ! what extremes fhould thus preferve the fiiow,
High on the Alps, or in deep caves below. Waller.
Strange! that fatherly authority fhould be the only original
of o-overnment, and yet all mankind not know it. Locke.
To Strange, v. n. [from the adjective ] To wonder; to be
. aftonifhed.
Were all the aflertions of Ariftotle fuch as theology pronounceth impieties, which we ftrange not at from one, of
whom a father faith, Nee Deum colu.it, nee curavit. Glanv.
StRa'ngely. adv. [fromftrange.']
j. Withfome relation to foreigners.
As by ftrange fortune
It came to us, I do in juftice charge thee
That thou commend itJirangely to fome place,
Where chance may nurfe or end it. Sbakefp. Winter's Tale.
2. Wonderfully; in a way to caufe wonder, but with a degree of
diflike.
My former fpeeches have but hit your thoughts.
Which can interpret farther: only, I fay,
Things have been Jirangely borne. Sbakefp. ATacbeth.
WowJirangely aCtive are the arts of peace,
Whofe reftlefs motions lefs than wars do ceafe ;
Peace is not freed from labour, but from noife;
And war more force, but not more pains, employs. Dryden.
We fhould carry along with us fome of thofe virtuous qua¬
lities, which we wereJirangely carelefs if we did not bring from
home with us. Sprat’s Sermons.
In a time of affli&ion the remembrance of our good deeds
will ftrangely cheer and fupport our fpirits. Calamy.
•Strangeness, n.f [fromftrangef
1. Foreignnefs; the ftate of belonging to another country.
If I will obey the Gofpel, nodiftanceof place, nofirangencft of country can make any man a ftranger to me. Sprat.
2. Uncommunicativenefs ; diftance of behaviour.
Ungird thyJirangenefs, and tell me what I (hall vent to my
lady. ° Shakef. Twelfth JSiight.
Will you not obferve
TheJirangenefs of his alter’d countenance? Svakef //.VI.
3. Remotenefs from common apprehenfion; uncouthnefs.
Men worthier than himfelf
Here tend the favageJirangenefs he puts on ;
And undergo, in an obferving kind.
His humourous predominance. Sbakefp. Trail, andCrefftda.
This raifed greater tumults and boilings in the hearts of
men, than thejirangenefs and feeming unreafonablenefs of all
the former articles. South’s Sermons.
4. Mutual diflike.
In this peace there was an article that no Englifhman fhould
enter into Scotland, and no Scottifbman into England, with¬
out letters commendatory: this might feem a means to con¬
tinue a firangeneft between the nations ; but it was done to
lock in the borderers. . Bacon.
5. Wonderfulnefs; power of railing wonder.
If a man, for curiofity or ftrangenefs fake, would make a
puppet pronounce a word, let him confider the motion of the
inftruments of voice, and the like founds made in inanimate
bodies. Bacons Natut al IJftcry,
S T R
Stra'ncer. n.f. [cftranger, French.]
1. A foreigner; one of another country.
I am a moft poor woman, and a.ftranger,
Born out of your dominions; having here
No judge indifPrent. Sbakefp. Henry VIIL
Your daughter hath made a grofs revolt;
Tying her duty, beauty, wit and fortunes
To an extravagant and wheelingftranger
Of here and every where. 1 hakefpeare.
There is no p’ace in Europe fo much frequented hyjiragers,
whether they are fuch as come out of curioltty, or fuch who
are obliged to attend the court of Rome. Jddtftn cn Italy.
Melons on beds of ice are taught to bear,
And ftrangers to the fun yet ripen here. Granvile.
After a year’s inter-regr.um from the death of Romulus, the
fenate of their own authority chofe a fuccefTor, and aftranger,
merely upon the fame of his virtues. Swift.
2. One unknown.
Strangers and foes do funder, and not kifs. Shakefpeare.
You did void your rheum upon my beard,
And foot me, as you fpurn zftranger cur ,
Over your threfhold. Sbakefp. Merchant ofJ er.ice.
We ought to acknowledge, that no nations are wholly
aliens and ftrangers the one to the other. Bacon.
Thatftranger gueft: theTaphean realm obeys. Pope.
They came, and near him plac’d theftranger gueft. Pope.
3. A gueft; one not a domeftick.
He will vouchfafe
This day to be our gueft : bring forth and pour
Abundance, fit to honour and receive
Our heavenlyftranger. Milton»
4. One unacquainted.
My child is yet a ftranger in the world ;
She hath not feen the change of fourteen years. Sbakefp.
I was noftranger to the original: I had alfo ftudied Virgil s
defign, and his difpofition of it. _ Dryden.
5. One not admitted to any communication or fellowfhip.
I unfpeak my detraction ; here abjure
The taints and blames upon myfelf, ^
ForJ'trangers to my nature. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
To Stra'nger. v. a. [from the noun.] T o eftrange; to
alienate.
Will you with thofe infirmities file owes.
Dower’d with our curfe, and ftranger’d with our oath,
Take her or leave her ? Shakefpeare•
To STRA'NGLE. v. a. [ftrangulo, Latin.]
I. To choak ; to fuffocate; to kill by intercepting the breath.
His face is black and full of blood;
His eye-balls farther out, than when he liv’d ;
Staring full ghaftly, like aftrangled man. Shakef. H. VI.
Shall I not then be ftifled in the vault.
To whofe foul mouth no healthfome air breathes in,
And there be ftrangled ere my Romeo comes ? Shakefpeare.
Do’ft thou not know that thou haft ftrangled thine hufbands ? _ ^
The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and
ftrangled for his lioneffes, and filled his holes with prey. Neb.
So heinous a crime was the iin of adultery, that our Saxon
anceftors compelled the adulterefs to ft> angle herfelt; and he
who debauched her was to be hanged over her grave. A)lifte.
2. To fupprefs; to hinder from birth or appearance.
By th’ clock, ’tis day;
And yet dark nightftrangles the travelling lamp :
Is’t night’s predominance, or the day’s fharne ? Shak. Mach,
Stra'ngler. n.f. [fromJtrangle.] One who ftrangles.
The band that fe_*ms to tie their frienulhip together, will he
the veryftrangler of their amity. Shak. Ant. and Gleopati a.
Strangles, n.f [from/#/ angle.] Swellings in a horfe’s throat.
Strangulation, n.f. [fromJtrangle.'] 1 he act of ftrangling;
fuffocation ; the ftate of being ftrangled.
A fpunge is mifehievous, not in itfelf, for its powder is
harmlefs; but becaufe, being received into the ftomach, it
fwelleth, and, occafioning its continual diftenfion, induceth a
ftrangulation. Brown s ftuigar hrrours.
The reduction of tire jaws is difficult, and, if they be not
timely reduced, there happen paralyfis and ftrangulation. Wife.
Stra'ngury. n.f j ftrangurie, French.] A diffi¬
culty of urine attended with pain.
Strap, n.f. [ftroppe, Dutch; J'troppa, Italian.] A narrow
long flip of cioath or leather.
Thefe cloaths are good enough to drink in, and fo he thefe
boots too; an’ they be not, let them hang themfelves in their
own ftraps. • Sbakefp. Twelfth Night.
I found but one hufband, a lively cobler, that kicked and
fpurred all the while his wife was carrying him on ; and had
fcarce palled a day without giving her the difeipline of the,
ftrap. Addifn’i Speltata'.
Str'appado n.f. Chaftifement by blows.
Were I at the ftrappado, or all the racks in the world, I
would not tell you on compulfion. Shakefpeare.
Strapping, adj. Vaft; jarge; bulky. Ufed of l^rge men
or women in contempt.
r STRATA.
>
S T R
UJ' plural offratum, Latin.] Beds; layers.
A philofophical term.
1 he terreftrial matter is difpofed intofirata, or layers, placed
one upon another; in like manner as any earthy Cediment,
iettling down from a fluid, will naturally be. Woodward.
With how much wifdom are the ftrata laid,
Of different weight and of a different kind,
Of fundry forms for fundry ends defign’d ! Blackmore.
Stratagem. n.f [fgdly'yvip.oi •, ftratageme, French.]
J. An artifice in war; a trick by which an enemy is deceived.
John Talbot, I did fend for thee,
To tutor thee inftratagems of war. Sbakefp. Henry VI.
Ev’ry minute now
Should be the father of fome ftratagem. Shakef. Henry IV.
2. An artifice; a trick by which fome advantage is obtained.
Route up your courage, call up all your counfels,
And think on all thofe ftratagems which nature
Keeps ready to encounter fudden dangers. Denham’s S'.phy.
Thofe oft areftratagems which errours feemj
Nor is it Homer nods, but we who dream. Pore.
To Stra'tjfy. v. a. [Jtratifer, Fr. fromfratum, Lat.] To
range in beds or layers. A chymical term.
STRATUM, n.f [Latin.] A bed j a layer. A term of philofophy.
Another was found in a perpendicular fiffure of aJlratum of
Bone' in Langron iron-mine, Cumberland. Woodward.
Drill d thiough the fandyJlratum, every way
The waters with the fandyJlratum rife. ThomCon.
SI RAW. n.f. [ppeop, Saxon; freo, Dutch.]
1. 1 he Balk on which corn grows, and from which it is
* threfhed.
I can counterfeit the deep tragedian.
Tremble and Bart at wagging of a Jbaw,
Intending deep fufpicion. Shakefp. Richard III.
Plate fin with gold,
And the Brong lance of jufiice hurtlefs breaks ;
Arm it in rags, a pigmy’s^rato doth pierce it. Shakefpcare.
Apples in hay anAjlraw ripened apparently; but the apple
in thefraw more. _ Bacons Natural Hijiory.
My newJlraw hat, that’s trimly lin’d with green,
Let Peggy wear. Gay’s Paflorals.
More light he treads, more tall he feems to rife.
And Bruts aJlraw breadth nearer to the ficies. Tickell.
2. Any thing proverbially worthlefs.
Thy arms, thy liberty, befide
All that’s on th’ outfide of thy hide.
Are mine by military law.
Of which I will not bate oneJlraw. Hudibras>.
’Tis not aJlraw matter whether the main caufe be right or
n Wr0/nS- L’Ejtrange.
Stra wberry. n f [fragana, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a perennial fibrofe root; the leaves are veined, growingupon each footBalk; the Balks trail upon the ground; the
cup of the flower confifls of one leaf, divided into ten equal
parts, and expands in form of a Bar; the flower confifls, for
the moft part, of five leaves, expanded in form of a rofe, and
having many Bamina in the middle, round the bafe of the ova¬
ry : the fruit is globofe or oval, and confifls of a fleffiy eat¬
able pulp, full of protuberances. The fpecies are feven. Mill.
Thejlrawberry grows underneath the nettle,
And wholefome berries thrive and ripen befl,
Neighbour’d by fruit of bafer quality. Shak. Henry V.
Content with food, which nature freely bred,
On wildings and onJlrawberries they fed. Dryden.
Strawberries, by their fragrant fmell, feem to be cordial:
the feeds obtained by fiiaking the ripe fruit in Winter, are an
excellent remedy againfl the Bone. T.he juice ofJlrawberries
and limmons in fpring-water is an excellent drink in bilious
fevers. Arbuthnot on Diet.
StraVberrv Tree. n.f. [arbutus, Latin.]
It is ever green, the leaves roundifli and ferrated on the
edges : the flowers coniiff of one leaf, and fliaped like a pitcher;
the liuit is of a flefliy fubltance, and very like a flrawberry ;
divided into five cells, which contain many fmall feeds. Miller.
Si a A \v boil r. adj. [jtraw and builtJ Made up of Braw.
They on the fmoothed plank,
The fuburb of their Jtrawbuilt citadel.
New rubb’d with balm, expatiate. Milton.
Stra'wcoloured. adj. [Jlraw and colour.] Of a light
yellow. °
c *wiI1 difeharge it in yowxJlrawcolour’d beard. Shakefpcare.
orRAW WORM, n.f [Jlraw and worm.] A worm bred in
Braw.
S T R
To Stray, v. n. [/Iroe, Danifli, to Scatter; ftravviare, Italian,
to wander.]
I. Jo wander; to rove.
My eye, defeending from the hill, Surveys
* heie Thames among the wanton vaileyjlrays. Denham.
-o, the gJad gales o’er all her beautiesJlray,
Bieathe on her lips, and in her bofom play. Pope.
2 ° wu.°Ut °f ^le way5 to liinge beyond the proper limits,
at grace hath thee now hither brought this way ?
r oen tiy feeble feet unweeting hitherJlruy. Fat. Queen.
No; where can \Jlray,
l"ave back to England ? all the world’s my way. Shakefp.
Hath not elfe his eye
Stray d his affection in unlawful love ? ShfikeJpeare.
She doth Jlray about ~
By holy croffes, where file kneeling prays
!or happy wedlock hours. ° o
Wand’reA thou within this lucid orb,
AndJlray d from thofe fair fields of light above
Amidfl this new creation want’ff a <m1de *
To reconduift thy Aeps ? ° Dryderit
3- I o err ; to deviate from the right.
We have erred andJlrayed. Common Prayer.
Stray, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Any creature wandering beyond its limits; any thing lofl by
tuonnpnrrr ^ J
Srfiraw Y‘ a^‘ ^froniJrazv'] Made of Braw; confifling of
There thefrawy Greeks, ripe for his edge.
Ball down before him, like the mower’s fwath. Shakefpcare.
In a lcu °[. corn» blown upon by the wind, there will ap¬
pear waves of a colour differing from that of the reB; the
wmd, by depreffing fome of the ears, and not others, makes
the one reflect more fiom the lateral andfrawy parts than the
rc^ ’ Boyle on Go. ours.
wandering.
She hath herfelf not only well defended.
But taken and impounded as aJlray
T he king of Scots. Shakefpeare’s Henry V,
Should I take you for a firay.
You muB be kept a year and day. ' Hudibras
When he has traced his talk through all its wild rambles*
let him bring home his Jlray; not like the loB fheep with joy!
but with tears of penitence. Government of the Tongue
Seeing him wander about, I took him up for afiray. Dryd.
He cries out, neighbour, haB thou feen a Jlray
Of bullocks and of heifers pafs this way? Addifon.
2. A6t of wandering. J
I would not from your love make fuch aJlray,
cTn JA°rmatCh/°rU Where J hate- Shakrfpeare.
STREAK n.f [pryice, Saxon ; Jlreke, Dutch; ftricla, Ital.]
A line of colour different from that of the ground.
1 he Weff yet glimmers with fomefreaks of dayj
Now fpurs the lated traveller apace,
T° gT^LthC timeI>:inn- Shak. Macbeth.
What mean thofe colour’d flreaks in heav’n,
Diflended, as the brow of God appeas’d? Milton.
3 The night comes on, we eager to purfue
Till the lafk.freaks of dying day withdrew.
And doubtful moonlight did our rage deceive. Drrden.
Ten wildings have T gather’d for my dear;
like your lips, theirJtreaks appear! Dryden.
While the fantaBick tulip flrives to break
In two-fold beauty, and a partedftreak. Prior.
To Streak, v.a. [from the noun.]
I. ToBripe; to variegate in hues; to dapple.
Mark what Jacob did ;
When all the yeanlings which werefreak’d and pied,
ohould fall as Jacob’s hire. Shak Merchant ofVenice.
A mule, admirably freaked and dapped with white and
black. f> j y csr oandys s journey.
f °-ffiorrow, ere frefh morning ftreak the EaB,
VVith firfl approach of light we muB be ris’n.
And at our pleafant labour, to reform
Yon flow’ry arbours .
Now let us leave this earth, and lift our eye
To the large convex of yon’ azure fky ;
Behold it like an ample curtain fpread,
Nowfreak’d and glowing with the mornino- red ;
Anon at noon in flaming yellow bright, &
And chufing (able for the peaceful night. PrPr
2. ToBretch. Obfolete. 0 l '
She lurks in midfl of all her den, and freaks
from out a ghaflly whirlpool all her necks •
" >«•«> Slotting round her rock, to fi(h (he falls. CUtman.
hi RE A Y. Y.tidj [from ftreak.} Striped; variegated by hues.
W hen the hoary head is hid in fnow,
1 he life is in the leaf, and Bill between
filing fnows appears thefreaky green. Dryden.
1 7AM; »•/• LPream, Sax. fraum, Iflandick; Jtroom, Dut.J
I. A running water; the courfe of running water; current.
As plays the fun upon the glaflyftream.
Twinkling another counterfeited beam. Shakef. Hen. VI.
He brought out of the rock, and caufed waters to
run down like rivers. Pf. Ixxviii. ,6.
Had their cables of iron chains had any great length, they
had been unportable; and, being fliort, the Blips muB have
funk at an anchor in any f-ca?ti of weather. Reicijrh.
Thus from one common fource our /trrams divide ;
Ours is {he Trojan, yours th’Arcadian fide. Drxden,
Divided intercBs, wdiile thou think’B to (way,
Draw like two brooks thy middleftream away. Drrden.
2. Any
STR S T R
2. Any thing iflhtng from a head, and moving forward with con¬
tinuity of parts.
The breath of the Lord is like a ftream of brimftone. If.
You, Drances, never want aftream of words. Dryden.
The ftream of beneficence hath, by feveral rivulets which
have fince fallen into it, wonderfully enlarged its current. Att.
3. Any thing forcible and continued.
The veryftream of his life, and the bufinefs he hath helmed,
mud give him a better proclamation. Shakefpeare.
It is looked upon as infolence for a man to adhere to his
own opinion, againft the currentflream of antiquity. Locke.
To Stream, v.n. [Jlreytna, Iflandick.]
1. To flow; to run in a continuous current.
On all fides round
Streams the black blood, and fmokes upon the ground. Pope.
2. To flow with a current} to pour out water in a ftream} to
be overflown.
I hen grateful Greece withfireaming eyes would raife
Hiftorick marbles to record his praife. Pope.
3. To iflue forth with continuance.
Now to impartial love, that god moft high.
Do my fighsftream. Shakef All's well that ends well.
To Stream. v. a. To mark with colours or embroidery in
long tracks.
The herald's mantle isfreamed with gold. Bacon.
Stre'amer. n.f. [from Jiream.'] An enfign; a flag; a pen¬
non ; any thing flowing loofely from a ftock.
His brave fleet
With f\\\wnjlrearners, the young Phcebus fanning. Shakef.
The rofy morn began to rife.
And wav’d her faffronJtreamer through the fkies. Dryden.
Brave Rupert from afar appears,
Whofe wavingftreamers the glad general knows. Dryden.
The man of fenfe his meat devours;
But only fmells the peel and flow’rs :
And he muft be an idle dreamer.
Who leaves the pie, and gnaws thefrearner. Prior.
Stre'amy. adj. [from ftream.]
1. Abounding in running water.
Arcadia,
Howeverftrcamy now, aduft and dry,
Deny’d the goddefs water: where deep Melas*
And rocky Cratis flow, the chariot fmoak’d
Obfcure with rifing duft. Prior.
2. Flowing with a current.
Before him flaming his enormous fhield.
Like the broad fun, illumin’d all the field ;
His nodding helm emits aJlreamy ray. Pope’s Iliad.
STREET, n.f fytj-vae'e, Saxon; flra%, German ; firada, Spanifh and Ital. Jlreede, Danifh; Jlraet, Dutch; firaturn, Lat.]
1. A way, properly a paved way, between two rows of boufes.
He led us through fairfrests; and all the way we went there
were gathered people on both fides, Handing in a row. Bacon.
Thefrests are no larger than allies. Sandys.
' When night
Darkens theflreets, then wander forth the fons
Of Belial, flown with infolence and wine;
Wit.Fiefs iheflreets of Sodom. Milton.
The Italians fay the ancients always confidered the fituation
of a building, whether it were high or low, in an open fquare,
or in a narrowflrect, and more or lefs deviated from their rule
of art. Addifon on Italy.
When you tattle with fome crony fervant in the famefired,
leave your ownflreet-door open. Swift.
2. Proverbially, a publick place.
That there be no leading into captivity, and no complain¬
ing in our fireets. Pfalm cxliv. 14.
Our publick ways would be fo crowded, that we fhould want
Jlreet-room. Addijons Spectator.
Let us refledf upon what we daily fee pradlifed in the world,
and can we believe, if an apoftle of Chrift appeared in our
fireets, he would retradf his caution, and command us to be
conformed to the world ? Rogers’s Sermons.
Streetwalker, n.f. [freet and walk.] A common proflitute that offers berfelf to fale in the open ftreet.
STRENGTH* n.f [yepenjS, Saxon.]
j. Force; vigour; power of the body.
Thy youth, thyflrength, thy beauty, which will change
To wither’d, weak, and grey. Milton.
Th’ infulting Trojan came,
And menac’d us with force, our fleet with flame:
Was it theflrength of this tongue-valiant lord,
In that black hour, that fav’d you from the fword ? Dryden.
2. Power of endurance; firmnefs; durability; toughnels;
hardnefs.
Not founded on the brittlefrengih of bones. Milton.
3. Vigour of any kind ; power of any kind.
T he allies, after a fuccefsful Summer, are too apt, upon the
flrength of it, to negledl their preparations for the enfuing
campaign. _ Addijon.
4. Power of mind; force of any mental faculty.
Ariftotle’s large views, acutenefs and penetration of thought,
gndflrength of judgment, few have equalled, Locke.
He enjoyed the great&flrength of good-fenfe, and the moft
exquifite tafte of politenefs. Addifon.
5. Potency of liquours.
6. Fortification ; fortrefs.
The ralhnefs of talking fliould not only be retarded by the
guard of our heart, but fenced in by certain ftrengths placed
in the mouth. Ben. Johnfm’s Difcoveriey.
He thought
This inacceflible high flrength to have feiz’d. Milton.
Betray’d in all hisftrengths, the wood befet;
All inftruments, all arts of ruin met. Denham.
7. Support; maintenance of power.
What they boded would be a mifehief to us, you are pro¬
viding fhall be one of our principal /L engths, Sprat’s Sermons.
8. Armament; force; power.
What is hisflrength by land ? Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopat.
Nor was there any otherflrength defigned to attend about
his highnefs than one regiment. Clarendon.
9. Perfuafive prevalence; argumentative force.
This prefuppofed, it may then ftand very well withfrength
and foundnefs of reafon, thus to anfwer. Hooker.
To Strength, ‘y.a. To ftrengthen. Not ufed.
©
Edward’s happy-order’d reign, moft fertile breeds
Plenty of mighty fpirits, to flrength his ftate. Daniel.
To Strengthen, v. a. [fromflrength.]
1. Tomakeftrong.
2. To confirm; to eftablilb.
Let us rife up and build : fo theyftrengthened their hands for
this work. Neb. ii. 18.
Authority is by nothing fo much fltrengthened and confirmed
as by cuftom ; for no man eafily diftrufts the things which he
and all men have been always bred up to. Temile.
Thee, bold Longinus ! ali the Nine infpire.
And blefs your critick with a poet’s fire:
An ardent judge, who, zealous in his truft.
With warmth gives fentence, yet is always juft;
Whole own example ftrengthens all his laws.
And is himfelf that great fublime he draws. Pope.
3. To animate; to fix in refolution.
Charge Jofhua, and encourage him and ftrengthen him. DeuU
4. To make to increafe in power or fecurity.
Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the reft.
With powerful policyftrengthen themfelves. Shakefp. H. VT.
They fought theflrengthening of the heathen. 1 Mac. vi.
To Strengthen, v.n. To grow ftrong.
Oh men for flatt’ry and deceit renown’d !
Thus when y’ are young ye learn it all like him,
’Till as your years increafe, thatftrengthens too,
T’ undo poor maids. Otway’s Orphan.
Stre'ngtheker. 7 n. f. [from ftrengthen: by contraction
Stre'ngthner. y ftrengthner.]
1. That which gives flrength; that which makes ftrong.
Garlick is a greatftrengthner of the ftomach upon decays of
appetite or indigeftion. Temple.
2. [In medicine.] Strengthened add to the bulk and firmnefs of
the foiids: cordials are fuch as drive on the vital aiftions; but
thefe fuch as confirm the ftamina. ffuincy.
Stre/ngthless. adj. [from flrength]
1. Wanting flrength ; deprived of flrength.
Yet are thefe feet, whofeflrengthtefs flay is numb.
Unable to fupport this lump of clay. Shakefp. Hen yfI.
As the wretch, whofe fever-v^eaken’d joints,
Liftrengthlefs hinges, buckle under life.
Impatient of his fit, breaks like a fire
Out of his keeper’s arms. Shakef. Blenry IV.
2. Wanting potency; weak. Ufed of liquours.
This liquor muft be inflammable or not, and yet fubtile and
pungent, which may be called fpirit; or elfe ftrengthlefs orinfipid, which may be named phlegm. Boyle.
STRE'NUOUS. adj. [ftrenuus, Latin.]
1. Brave; bold; abtive; valiant.
Nations grown corrupt
Love bondage more than liberty ;
Bondage with eafe thanftrenuous liberty. Milton’s Agoniftes.
2. Zealous; vehement.
He relblves to be ftrenuous for taking off the teft, againft
the maxims of all wife Chriftian governments, which always
had fome eftabliflied religion, leaving at beft a toleration to
others. Swift to Pipe.
. Citizens within the bills of mortality have been ftrenuous
againft the church and crown. Swift.
Stre'nuously. adv. [fromftrenuous.]
1. Vigoroufly; a&ively.
Many can ufe both hands, yet will there divers remain that
can ftrenuoufly make ufe of neither. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
2. Zealoufly ; vehemently ; with ardour.
Writers difputeflrenuoufy for the liberty of confcience, and
inveigh largely againft all ecclefiafticks under the name of
high church. Swift.
Sireperous. adj. [flrepo, Latin.] Loud; noily.
I orta conceives, becaufe in a ftreperous eruption it rifeth
againft fire, it doth therefore refift lightning. Brown.
25 K Stress.
S T R S T R
Stress, n. f. [p:ece, Saxon, violence ; or from diftrefs.]
i> Importance; important part.
A body may as well lay too little as too much ftrefs upon a
dream ; but the lefs we heed them the better. L'Bftrange.
Theftrefs of the fable lies upon the hazard of having a
numerous ftock of children. L'Eftrange.
This, on which the great ftrefs of the bufinefs depends,
would have been made out with reafons fufficient. Locke.
Confider how great a ftrefs he laid upon this duty, while
upon earth, and how earneflly he recommended it. Atterbury.
2. Violence; force, either a&ingor buffered.
By/refs of weather driv’n,
At laft they landed. Dryden's /En.
Though the faculties of the mind are improved by exercife,
yet they muft not be put to aftrefs beyond their ftrength. Locke.
To Stress, v. a. [Evidently from di/refs.] To diftrefs; to
put to hardfhips or difficulties.
Stirred with pity of theJireffcd plight
Of this fad realm. Fairy fjftieen.
To STRETCH, v.a. [ytjiecan, Saxon; frecken^ Dutch.]
1. To extend ; to fpread out to a diftance.
TheJlretching out of his wings (hall fill the breadth of thy
land. If. viii. 8.
Stretch thine hand unto the poor. Ecclus vii. 32.
Take thy rod, and Jiretch out thine hand. Ex. vii. 19.
2. To elongate, or {train to a greater fpace.
3. To expand; to difplay.
Leviathan on the deep.
Stretch'd like a promontory, bleeps. Milton.
What more likely to Jiretch forth the heavens, and lay the
foundation of the earth, than infinite power ? Tillotfon.
4. To ftrain to the utmoff.
This kifs, if it durft fpeak.
WouldJiretch thy fpirits up into the air. Shak. K. Lear.
5. To make tenfe.
So the firetch'd cord the fkackl’d dancer tries. Smith.
6. To carry by violence farther than is right: as, to Jiretch a text.
To Stretch, v. n.
1. To be extended.
Idolatry is a horrible fin, yet doth repentance Jiretch unto
it. TVbitgifte.
A third is like the former : a fourth? ftart eye !
What! will the lineJiretch out to th’ crack of doom ? Shak.
«. This to rich Ophir’s rifing morn is known,
And Jiretch'd out far to the burnt fwarthy zone. Cowley.
Your dungeon Jlretching far and wide beneath. Milton.
2. To bear extenfion without rupture.
The inner membrane, that involved the liquors of the egg,
. becaufe it would ftretch and yield, remained unbroken. Boyle.
3. To fally beyond the truth.
What an allay do we find to the credit of the moft probable
event, that is reported by one who ufes toftretch ? Gov. Tongue.
Stretch, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Extenfion; reach; occupation of more fpace.
At all herftretch her little wings fhe fpread,
And with her feather’d arms embrac’d the dead :
'Then flickering to his pallid lips, fhe ftrove
To print a kifs. Dryden s Ceyx and Alcyo.
Difruption, as flrong as they are, the bones would be in
fome danger of, upon a great and fudden ftretch or contortion,
if they were dry. Ray on the Creation.
2. Force of body extended.
He thought to fwim the ftormy main.
By ftretch of arms the diftant fhore to gain. Drydcn's Mn.
3. Effort; ilruggle: from the a£t of running.
Thofe put a lawful authority upon theftretch to the abufe of
power, under the colour of prerogative. L'Eftrange.
Upon this alarm we made incredible ftretchcs towards the
South, to gain the faftnefies of Prefton. Addifon.
4. Utmoff extent of meaning.
Quotations, in their utmoffftretch, can fignify no more than
that Luther lay under fevere agonies of mind. Atterbury.
5. Utmoff reach of power.
This is the utmoff ftretch that nature can.
And all beyond is fulfome, falfe, and vain. Granville.
Stre'tcher. n.f. [fromftretch.']
1. Any thing ufed for extenfion.
Tooth in the ffretching courfe two inches with the ftretcher
only. Moxon.
2. The timber a^ainff which the rower plants his feet.
O A
This fiery fpeech inflames his fearful friends.
They tug at ev’ry oar, and ev’ry Jtretcher bends. Dryden.
1 o STREW, v. a. [The orthography of this word is doubtful:
it is generally written ftrew, and I have followed cuffom ; but
Skinner likewife propofes ftrow, and Junius writes ftraw.
I heir reafons will appear in the word from which it may be
derived. Strawan, Gothick; ftroyen, Dutch; ptpeapian, Sax.
Jtrawen, German ; ftroer, Danifh. PerhapsJlrow is bell, being
that which reconciles etymology with pronunciation.]
I. Tofpfcad by being fcattered.
T he fnow which does the top of Pindus/rmc,
Did never whiter (hew. Spenfer.
Pope.
Is thine alone the feed that/trews’, tie p.ain ?
The birds of heav’n {hall vindicate their grain.
2. To fpread by fcattering.
1 thought thy bride-bed to have deck’d, fweet maid,
And not have ftrew'ithy grave. SbakeJ. Hamlet.
Here be tears of perfect moan.
Wept for thee in Helicon ;
And fome flowers and fome bays,
For thy herfe, toftrcvj the ways. Milton.
3. To fcatter loofely.
The calf he burnt in the fire, ground it to powder, and
ftrawed it upon the water, and made Ifrael drink of it. Lx.
With furies and nocturnal orgies fir’d,
Whom ev’n the favage beafts had fpa!-’d, they kill’d,
Andftrew'd his mangled limbs about the field. Dryden.
Stre/wment. n.f. [from Jtrew.] Any thing fcattered in’
decoration.
Her death was doubtful.—For charitable prayers.
Shards, flints, and pebbles fhould be thrown on her;
Yet here fhe is allow’d her virgin chants,
Her maidenJlrewments, and the bringing home
Of bell and burial. Shake/. Hamlet,
STRIAE, n.f [Latin.] In natural hiflory, the fmall chan¬
nels in the fhells of cockles and fcallops.
The fait, leifurely permitted to (hoot of itfelf in the liquor,
expofed to the open air, did fhoot into more fair cryftailine
firiee, than thofe that were gained out of the remaining part
of the fame liquor by a more hafly evaporation. Boyle.
Stri'ate. ladj. [fromJlries^ Latin; Jlriei French.] Formed
Stri'ated. 3 in ftrise.
Thefe effluviums fly by /rioted atoms and winding par¬
ticles, as Des Cartes conceiveth, or glide by flreams attra&ed
from either pole unto the equator. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Des Cartes imagines this earth once to have been a fun, and
fo the centre of a lefler vortex, whofe axis ftill kept the fame
pofture, by reafon of thefriate particles finding no fit pores
for-their paflages, but only in this direction. Ray.
Cryftal, when incorporated with the fibrous talcs, fhews, if
broke, a /iriateel or fibrous texture, like thofe talcs. Wooaw.
StrPature. n.f. [fromjlria -,/lrieure, Fr.] Difpofition of Arise.
Parts of tuberous hrematitas fhew feveral varieties in the
crufts, ftnature, and texture of the body. Woodward.
Strick. n.f ; Jlrix, Latin.] A bird of bad omen.
The ill fac’d owl, death’s dreadful meflenger,
The hoarfe night-raven, trump of doleful drere.
The leather-winged bat, day’s enemy.
The ruefulJlrick, ftill waiting on the bier. Fairy Afhteen.
Stricken. The ancient participle offrike.
The cunningeft mariners were fo conquered by the ftorm,
as they thought it beft with ftricken fails to yield to be go¬
verned by it. Sidney.
That {hall I fhew, as fure as hound
Theftricken deer doth challenge by the bleeding wound.FJR
Abraham and Sarah were old, and wellftricken in age. Gen.
With blindnefs were thefe ftricken. Wifd. xix. 17.
Parker and Vaughan, having had a controversy touching
certain arms, were appointed to run fome courfes, when
Parker wasftricken into the mouth at the firft courfe. Bacon.
Though the earl of Ulfter was of greater power than any
other fubje£t in Ireland, yet was he fo farftricken in years, as
that he was unable to manage the martial affairs. Davies.
Stri'ckle, or Stricklefs, or Stritchel. n.f. That which ftrikes
the corn to level it with the bufhel. Amfworth.
STRICT, adj. [ftriftus, Latin.]
1. Exadf; accurate; rigoroufly nice.
Thou’lt fall into deception unaware,
Not kee/xng/rifte/ watch. Milicn.
As legions in the field their front difplay,
To try the fortune of fome doubtful day,
And move to meet their foes with fober pace,
Strift to their figure, though in wider fpace. Dryden.
He checks the bold defipn ;
And rules asftrift his labour’d works confine.
As if the Stagyrite o’erlook’d each line. Pope.
2. Severe; rigorous; not mild ; not indulgent.
Implore her, in my voice, that fhe make friends
To the ftrift deputy. Shake/. MeJurefor Meafure.
Thy will
By nature free, not over-rul’d by fate
Inextricable, or ftrift neceffity. Milton.
If a ftrift hand be kept over children from the beginning,
they will in that age be traffable; and if, as they grow up, the
rigour be, as they deferve it, gently relaxed, former reitiaints
will increafe their love. Locke.
Numa the rites of ftrift religion knew;
On ev’ry altar laid the incenfe due. Pnot.
3. Confined; not extenfive.
As they took the compafs of their commiflion ftnfter or
larger, fo their dealings were more or lefs moderate. Hooker.
4. Clofe; tight.
The trod, with fpeedv pace,
Tuft thought to ftrain her in a ftrift embrace. Dryden
.. The
STR
2. Toftand with the legs far from each other.
4-
7‘he fatal noofe performed Its office, and with mod ftridl
ligature fqueez.ed the blood into his face. Arbuthnot.
5. 'l'etife ; not relaxed.
We feel our fibres grow ftriff or lax according to the ftate
of the air. ' ’ Abuthnot.
Stri'ctlv. adv. [fromftrifi.]
1. Exadly; with rigorous accuracy.
The other parts being grofftr, compofed not only water,
firiffly fo called, but the whole mats of liquid bodies. Burnet.
J ' Charge him ftriffly
Not to proceed, but wait my farther pleafure. Dryden.
2. RHoroufly ; feverely; without r-emiffion or indulgence.
In the difcharge of thy place, fet before thee the bed: ex¬
amples; and after a time fet before thee thine own, and exa¬
mine thyfelf ftriffly whether thou didft not bed: at firft. Bacon.
God may with the greateft juftice ftriffly require endeavours
from us, and without any inconfiftency with his goodnels
infl;6t penalties on thofe who are wanting. Rogers's Sermons. 2,
A weak prince again difpofed the people to new attempts,
which it was the clergy’s duty to endeavour to prevent, if fome 3.
of them had not proceeded upon a topick that, ftriffly fol¬
lowed, would enflave all mankind. Swift.
3. Clofely ; with tenfenefs.
Stri'ctness. n.f. [fromftriff ]
1. Exactnefs; rigorous accuracy ; nice regularity*
I could inot grant too much or diftruft too little to men,
that pretended lingular piety and religiousftriffnefs. K. Charles.
Such of them as cannot be concealed connive at, though in
the ftriffnefs of your judgment you cannot pardon. Dryden.
Who were made privy to the fecrets of heaven, hut fuch as
performed his revealed will at an higher rate of ftriffnefs than
the reft ? • South.
Though inftriffnefs our Saviour might have pleaded exemp¬
tion from the jewiih tribute, he exerted his divine power in a
miracle to pay it. Rogers.
2. Severity; rigour.
Thefe commiffioners proceeded with fuchftriffnefs and feverity as did much obfeure the king’s mercy. Bacon's Hen. VII.
3. Clofenefs ; tightnefs; not laxity.
Structure, n.f. [fromftriffura, Latin, a fpark.J
j. A ftroke ; a touch.
The God of nature implanted in their vegetable natures
certain paffive Jtriffures, or fignatures of that wifdom which
hath made and ordered all things with the higheft reafon. Hale.
2. Contraction; clofure by contraction.
As long as there is thirft, with a free pafiage by urine, and
ftriffure of the veffels, fo long is water fafely taken. Arbuthnot.
3. A flight touch upon a fubjedl; not a fet difeourfe.
Stride, n.f [ppsebe, Saxon.] A long ftep; a ftep taken
with great violence ; a wide divarication of the legs.
I’ll fpeak between the change of man and boy,
With a reed voice, and turn two mincing fteps
Into a manlyftride. Shakef. 'Merchant of Vmice.
The montler moved on with horridfrides. Milton.
Her voice theatrically loud.
And mafeuline herftride. Swift.
To Stride, v. n. preter. Iftrode or frid, part. pafT.fridden.
[from the noun.]
• 1. To walk with long fteps.
Mars in the middle of the fhining fhield
Is grav’d, andftrides along the liquid field. Dryden.
To Jove, or to thy father Neptune, pray.
The brethren cry’d, and inftantJlrode away. Pope.
S T R
Stri'gmenT. n.f. [frigmentum, from fringo, Lat. toferap’ ]
Scraping ; recrement.
Many, befides theJ'trigments and fudorous adbefions from
mens hands, acknowledge that nothing proceeded! from gold
in its ufual decoCHon. Browns Vulgar Enairs.
To STRIKE, v a. preter. 1ftruck orftrook ; part, paffi Jlruck,
frlichen, ftsicken, [aprprean, Saxon ; Jtreicb.n, German ; adftrykia, Iflandick; jtricker, Hanifh.]
1. To aft upon by a blow; to hit with a blow.
He at Philippi kept
His fword e’en like a dancer, while Yjlru.k *
The lean and wrinkled Caffius. Shakejp. Ant. and Cuopat.
We will deliver yuu the caufe,
Why I, that did love Cxfar when IJlruck him, _
ProceedeJ thus. Shakejp. Julius Cesfar*
I muft ;
Rut wail his fall, whom I myfelfJlruck down. Shak. Macb.
To dafh ; to throw by a quick motion. ..
The bloodJlrike on the two fide-pofts. ^ Ex. xn. 7.
To notify by the found of a hammer on a bell. ^ .
The Windfor bell hathJlruck twelve. _ Shakejp.
A judicious friend moderates the purfuit, gives the fignal
for adlion, prefies the advantage, and Jlrikes the critica
minute. Collier of Friendfhip.
To ftamp; to imprefs.
The memory in fome men is very tenacious; but yet there
feems to be a conftant decay of all our ideas, even of thofe
which areftruck deepeft, and in minds the moft retentive. Loc.
5. To punilh ; to affiidl.
To punifh the juft is not good, nor to Jlrike prinqes for
equity. Prov. xvii. 26.
6. To contract; to lower; to vale. It is only ufed in the phrafes
toJlrike fail, or toJlrike afag.
How many nobles then would hold their places,
That muftJlrike fail to fpirits of vile fort! Shakef. H. IV.
To this all differing paffions and interefts fhouldfrike fail,
and like fwelling ftreams, running different courfes, fhould
yet all make hafte into the fea of common fafety. Temple.
Theyfrike fail where they know they fhall be mattered,
and murder where they can with fafety. Dryden.
Now, did I not fo near my labours end, 1
Strike fail, and haft’ning to the harbour tend, >
My fong to flow’ry gardens might extend. Dryden. J
7. To alarm; to put into emotion.
The reft, fruck with horror flood,
To fee their leader cover’d o’er with blood. Waller.
JackStraw at London-ftone, with all his rout.
Struck not the city with fo loud a Ihout. Dryden.
His virtues render our affembly awful.
Theyfrike with fomething like religious fear. Addif. Cato.
Did’ft thou but view him right, fhould’ft fee him black
With murder, treafon, facrilege, and crimes
ThatJlrike my foul with horror but to name them. Addifon.
We are no fooner prefented to any one we never faw be¬
fore, but we are immediatelyfruck with the idea of a proud.
a referved, an affable or a good natured man. Addijoon.
To Stride, v. a. To pafs by a ftep.
See him fiiide
Vallies wide. Arbuthnot.
Stri'du [,ous. adj. [ftridAus, Latin ] Making a fmall noife.
It arifes from a fmall and ftridulous noife, which, being
firmly rooted, maketh a divulfion of parts. Brown.
Strife, n.f [from ftrive ]
1. Contention; conteft; difeord.
I and my people were at great ftrife with the children of
Ammon. Judg- xii. 2.
Some preach Chrift even of envy and ftrife, and fome of
good-will. Phil. i. 15.
He is proud, knowing nothing; but doating about queftions
and ftrife of words. 1 Tim. vi. 4.
Thefe vows, thus granted, rais’d aftrife above
Betwixt the god of war and queen of love:
She granting firft, had right of time to plead ;
But he had granted too, and would recede. Dryden.
2, Oppofition of nature or appearance; contrariety; contrail.
Artificialftrife
Lives in thofe touches, livelier than life. Shakefpeare.
How paffion’s well accordedfrife
Makes all the harmony of life. j Johnfon.
StRi'eeful. adj. [ftrife 2X\d full.~\ Contentious; difeordaut.
Th’ ape wasftrfeful and ambitious,
And the fox guileful and moft covetous. Hubberd s Fale.
I know not what new creation may creep fortn from the
frife/ul heap of things, into which, as into a iecond chaos,
we are fallen. E)r. Maine.
Nice works of artfrike and furprife us moft upon the firft
view; but the better we are acquainted with them, the lefs
we wonder. Attcrbury.
Court virtues bear, like gems, the higheft rate.
Born where heav’n’s influence fcarce can penetrate;
In life’s low vale, the foil the virtues like.
They pleafe as beauties, here as wonders frike. Pope.
8. [Fcedusferire.~\ To make a bargain.
Sign but his peace, he vows he’ll ne’er again
The°facred names of fops and beaus profane;
Strike up the bargain quickly ; for I fwear.
As times go now, he offers very fair. Dryden.
I come to offer peace ; to reconcile
Pali enmities; toJlrike perpetual leagues
With Vanoc. , El. Philips's Briton.
9. To produce by a fudden adlion.
The court paved, Jlnketh up a great heat in fummer, and
Bacon.
Milton.
Dryden.
much cold in winter.
Waving wide her myrtle wand,
She Jlrikes an univerfal peace through fea and land.
Take my caduceus !
With this the infernal ghofts I can command.
And Jlrike a terror through the Stygian ftrand.
10. To affedt fuddenly in any particular manner.
When verfes cannot be underftood, nor a man’s good wit
feconded with the forward child underftanding; it Jlrikes a
man more dead than a great reckoning in a little room. Shakejp.
Strike her young bones.
Ye taking airs, with lamenefs.
He that isJiricken blind cannot forget
The precious treafure of his eye-fight loft.
So ceas’d" the rival crew, when Purcell came,
They fung no more, or only fung his fame;
Struck dumb, they alladmii’d.
Humility difarms envy, and Jlrikes it dead.
Then do notJlrike him dead with a den’a1,
But hold him up in life. AddJon s Cnts.
• 11. To
Sha cjpearc.
Shakefpeare.
Dry ten.
Collier.
2
STR S T R
H. To caufe to found by blows. With up only emphatical.
The drums prefentlyJinking up a march, they plucked up
their enfigns, and forward they go. Knolles.
Strike up the drums, and let the tongue of war
Plead for our int’reft, and our being here. Sbakefpeare.
12. To forge; to mint.
Some very rare coins Jhuck of a pound weight, of gold and
filver, Conftantine fent to Chilperick. Arbuthnot.
13. It is ufed in the participle, I know not well how, for ad¬
vanced in years.
The king
Is wife and virtuous, and his noble queen
WellJiruck in years; fair and not jealous. Sbakefpeare.
J4. To Strike off. To erafe from a reckoning or account.
Deliver Helen, and all damage elfe
Shall beJiruck off. Sbakefpeares Trcilus and Creffida.
I have this while with leaden thoughts been preft;
But I fhall in a more convenient time
Strike offthis fcore of a b fence. Sbakefpeare's Othells.
Afk mens opinions: Scoto now fhall tell
How trade encreafes, and the world goes well :
Strike off his penfion by the fetting fun,
And Britain, if not Europe, is undone. Pope.
15. To Strike off. To feparate as by a blow.
Germany had Jiricken off that which appeared corrupt in
the dodlrine of the church of Rome; but feemed neverthelefs
in difciplineftill to retain therewith great conformity. Hooker.
They followed fo fall that they overtook him, and with¬
out further delayJiruck off his head. Knclles.
He was taken prifoner by Surinas, lieutenant-general for
the king of Parthia, whoJlroke off his head. Haktwell.
A mafs of water would be quite Jiruck off and feparate
from the reft, and toft through the air like a flying river.
Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
16. To Strike out. To produce by collifton.
My thoughtlefs youth was Wing’d with vain defires;
My manhood long milled by wand’ring fires.
Follow’d falfe lights; and when their glimpfe was gone,
My prideJiruck out new fparkles of her own. Dryden.
17. To Strike out. To blot; to efface.
By expurgatory animadverlions, we might Jlrrke out great
numbers of hidden qualities, and having once a conceded lift,
with more fafety attempt their reafons. Brown.
To methodize is as neceffary as toJlrike out. Pope.
18. To Strike out. To bring to light.
19. To Strike out. To form at once by a quick effort,
Whether thy handJlrike cut fome free defign.
Where life awakes and dawns at ev’ry line.
Or blend in beauteous tints the colour’d mafs.
And from the canvafs call the mlmiek face. Pope.
To Strike, v. n.
I. To make a blow.
I in mine own woe charm’d,
Could not find death, where I did hear him groan ;
Nor feel him where heJiruck. Sbakefpeare’s Cymheline.
It pleafed the king
To Strike at me upon his mifconftrucHon;
When he tript me behind. Shakejpeare’s King Lear.
He wither’d all their ftrength before heJlrook. Dryden.
2. To collide; to clalh.
Holding a ring by a thread in a glafs, tell him that holdeth
it, it fhall Jlrike fo many times againft the fide of the glafs,
and no more. Bacon’s Natural Hfldry.
3. Toad! by repeated percuffion.
Bid thy miftrefs when my drink is ready.
She Jlrike upon the bell. Shakejpeare’s Macbeth.
Thofe antique minftrels, fure, were Charles like kings,
Cities their lutes, and fubjedis hearts their firings;
On which with fo divine a hand theyJlrook,
Confent of motion from their breath they took. Waller.
4. To found by the ftroke of a hammer.
Csefar, ’tisJlrucken eight. Sbakefpeare.
Deep thoughts will often fufpend the fenfes fo far, that about
a man clocks mayJlrike and bells ring, which he takes no no¬
tice of. • Grew.
5. To make an attack.
Is notthe king’s name forty thoufand names?
Arm, arm, my name ; a puny fubjedtJlrike:
At thy great glory. Shakejpeare's Richard II.
When by their defigning leaders taught
ToJlrike at power, which for themfelves they fought:
f he vulgar gull’d into rebellion arm’d,
Ac‘r blood to adtion by their prize was warm’d, Dryden.
6. J o adt by external influx.
Confider the red and white colours In porphyre ; hinder light
but from Jinking on it, and its colours vanifh. Locke.
7. I o found with blows.
Whilft any trump did found, or drumJiruck up,
His fword did ne’er leave ftriking in the field. Sbakefpeare.
8. To be dafhed upon fhallows; to be ftranded.
The admiral galley•wherein the emperor was, Jiruck upon a
fand, and there ftuck faft. Knolles.
9. To pafs with a quick or ftrong effedt.
Now and then a glittering beam of wit or paflion /hikes
through the obfeurity of the poem : any of thefe effedt a prefent liking, but not a lafting admiration. Dryden.
10. io pay homage, as by lowering the fail.
We fee the wind lit fore upon our fails;
And yet wtJlrike not, but fccurcly perifh. Skakejpeart.
I’d rati er chop this hand off at a blow,
And with the other fling it at thy face,
J han bear fo low a fail, toJlrike to thee. Sbakefpeare.
The intereft of our kingdom is ready to Jlrike to that of
your pooreft fifhing towns: it is hard you will not accept our
fervices. _ _ Swift.
11. 1 o be put by fome fudden adl or motion into any ftate; to
break forth.
ItJiruck on a fudden into fuch reputation, that it fcorns any
longer to fculk, but owns itfelf publickly. Gov. ofthe Tongue.
12. To-Strike in with. Io conform; to fuit itfelf to; to
join with at once.
Thofe who by the prerogative of their age, fhould frown
youth into fobriety, imitate and Jlrike in with them, and
are realiy vitious that they may be thought young. South.
They catch at every fhadow of relief, Jlrike in at a venture
with the next companion, and fo the dead commodity be ta¬
ken off, care not who be the chapman. Norris:
The cares or pleafures of the world Jlrike in with every
bought. ' 4 < Addifon.
He immediately Jiruck in with them, but deferibed this
march to the temple with fo much horrour, that he fhlvered
every joint. Addifon’s Freeholder.
13. To Strike out. To fpread or rove; tomaxea fudden ex*
curfion.
In this plain was the laft general rendezvous of mankind;
and from thence they were broken into companies and difperfed, the feveral fucceflive generations, like the waves of
the fez over-reaching one another, andJlriking out farther and
farther upon the land. Burnet’s Theory ofthe Earth.
When a great manfirikes out into a fudden irregularity, he
needs not quefiion the refpedl of a retinue.Collier of Popularity.
Strike, n.f. A bulhel; a dry meafure of capacity.
Wing, cartnave and bufhel, peck, Jlrike ready at hand.
c . T Toffer's Husbandry:
bTRi keblock. n.f. Isa plane fhorter than the jointer, ha¬
ving its foie made exa&ly flat and ftraight, and is ufed for the
{hooting of a fhortjoint. Moron’s MechanicalExerdfe.
Striker, n.f. [fromJlrike.'] One that ftrikes
A bifhop then muft be blamelefs, not given to wine, no
Jhiker j 27m. iii. 3.
He thought with his ftaffto have ftruck theJlriker. Sandys.
Thejlriker muft be denfe, and in its beft velocity. Di:by.
lTipartmr adi~ [from Affecting ; furprifmg.
S ) *1NU n. J. [piping, Saxon; firing, German and Danifh;
Jtnngbe Dutch; Jlringo, Latin.]
1. A flender rope; a fmallcord; any {lender and flexible band 5
a riband; any thing tied.
Any lower bullet hanging upon the other above it, muft be
conceived, as if the weight of it were in that point where its
Ji> ing touchesi the upper. Wilkins’s Dedalus.
Round Ormond’s knee thou ty’ft the myftickfiringf
That makes the knight companion to the king. Prior*
2. A thread on which any things are filed.
Their priefts pray by their beads, having afiring with a
hundred of nutlhels upon it; and the repeating of certain
words with them they account meritorious. Stiliin?fleet
3. Any fet of things filed on a line. gP
I have caught two of thefe dark undermining vermin, and
intend to make afiring of them, in order to hang them up in
Pa?* - r , „ Addifon’s Speblalor.
4. 1 he chord oi a mufical inftrument.
Thefiring that jars
When rudely touch’d, ungrateful to the fenfe.
With pleafure feels the mailer’s flying fingers,
Swells into harmony, and charms the hearers. Rowe.
By the appearance they make in marble, there is not one
yTri^-inftrument that feems comparable to our violins. Addif.
5. A fmall fibre. J
Duckweed putteth forth a littlefiring into the water, from
the bottom.
In pulling broom up, the leaftfirings left behind will grow.
, . Mortimer’s llufbandty.
o. A nerve ; a tendon.
I he moft piteous tale which in recounting.
His grief grew puiffant, and the /brings of life
Began to crack: Sbakefpeare's King Lear.
T heJlnng of his tongue loofed. Mark xxvii. 35.
7. 1 he nerve of the bow.
The wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrows
upon the firing. _ > Pjaim xi. 2.
8. Any concatenation or feries, as a firing ofpropoftiens.
9. To have two Strings to the bow. To have two views or
two expedients; to have double advantage, or double fiscurity.
Nq
S T R S T R
No lover has that pow’r
T’enforce a defperate amour,
As he that has twofirings to’s bow.
And burns tor love and money too. Hudibras.
To Si ring. v. a. Preterite 1firing, part. pafl'. firung. [from
the noun.J
1. To furnifh with firings.
Has not wife naturefining the legs and feet
With firmed nerves, defign’d to walk the dreet ? Gay.
2. To put a dringed indrument in tune.
Here the mufe fo oft her harp hasfirung,
That not a mountain rears its head unfung. Add/on.
3. To file on a dring.
Men of great learning or genius are too full to be exad;
and therefore chufeto throw down their pearls in heaps before
the reader, rather than be at the pains offiringing them. Speft.
4. To make tenfe.
Toil firung the nerves, and purified the blood. Dryden.
Stri'nged. adj [from firing.] Having firings ; produced by
firings.
Praife him with firinged indruments and organs. Pfialms.
Divinely warbl’d voice,
Anfwering the Jfringed noife.
As all theip fouls in blifsful rapture took. Milton.
Stri ngent, adj. [flringens, Latin.] Binding ; contracting.
Stri'ngh alt. n. f. [firing and halt.]
Stringhalt is a fudden twitching and fnatching up of the
hinder leg of a horfe much higher than the other, or an in¬
voluntary or convulfive motion of the mufcles that extend or
bend the hough. Farrier's Dift.
Stri'ngless. adj. [fromfiring.] Having no firings.
Nothing; all is faid ;
His tongue is now afiring/ejs indrument,
Words, life, and all, old Lancader hath fpent. Shakefpeare.
Stri'ngy. adj. [fromfiring.] Fibrous; confifting of fmall
threads.
A plain Indian fan, made of the fmallfiringy parts of roots
fpread out in a round flat form. Greiv.
To STRIP. v. a. [fireopen, Dutch ; bejtpipte, dripped, Sax.]
1. To make naked ; to deprive of covering.
They began tofirip her of her cloaths when I came in
among them. Sidney.
Theyfiript Jofeph out of his coat. Gen. xxxvii. 23.
Scarce credible it is how foon they werefiript and laid na¬
ked on the ground. Hayward.
Hadd thou not committed
Notorious murder on thofe thirty men
At Afkelon, who never did thee harm,
Then like a robberfirip'dfi them of their robes. Milton.
You cloath all that have no relation to you, andfirip your
matter that gives you food. UEjhange.
A rattling temped through the branches went.
Thatfiript them bare. Dryden's Knights Tole.
He faw a beauteous maid
With hair difhevel’d, ilfuing through the (hade,
Stript of her cloaths. Dryden.
He left the pillagers, to rapine bred,
, Without controul tofirip and fpoil the dead. Dryden.
The bride was put in form to bed;
He follow’dfiript. Swift.
2. To deprive ; to dived.
The apodle in exhorting men to contentment, although
they have in this world no more than bare food and raiment,
giveth us to underdand that thofe are even the lowed of things
neceffary, that if we fliould befiript of all thefe things, with¬
out which we might poflibly be, yet thefe mud be left. Hooker.
Wefirip and dived ourfelves of our own will, and give ourfelves entirely up to the will of God. Duppa.
It is difficult to lead another by words into the thoughts of
things,/tripped ofthofe fpecifick differences we give them. Locke.
One would imagine thefe to be the expreffions of a man
bleffed witheafe and affluence, not of one jufffiript of all thofe
advantages, and plunged in the deeped miferies; and now fit¬
ting naked upon a dunghil. Atterbury.
3. To rob ; to plunder; to pillage.
That which lays a man open to an enemy, and that which
firips him of a friend, equally attacks him in all thofe intereds
that are capable of being weakned by the one and fupported by
the other. . South's Sermons.
4. To peel; to decorticate.
If the leaves or dried docks be firipped into fmall draws,
they arife unto amber, wax, and other elederics, no other
ways than thofe of wheat or rye. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
5. To deprive of all.
When fome fond eafy fathersfirip themfelves before they
lie down to their long fleep, and fettle their whole edates
upon their fons, has it not been feen that the father has been
requited with beggary? South's Sermons.
6. I o take off covering.
He fiript oft his cloaths. I Sam. xix. 24.
Logick helps us tofirip off the outward difguife of things,
and to behold and judge of them in their own nature. Watts.
7. To cafi off.
His unkindnefs
Thatfiript her from his benedidion, turn’d her
To foreign cafuaities, gave her dear rights
To her doghearted daughters: thefe things fling him. Shake/.
8. To feparate from fomethmg adhefive orconneded
Amonglt men who examine not fcrupuloufly theirown ideas,
and firip them not from the marks men ufe for them, but
confound them with words, there mud be endlefs difpute.
Locke.
Strip, n.f. [Probably forfiripe.] A narrow fhred.
Thefe two apartments were hung in clofe mourning, and
only afirip of bays round the other rooms. Swift.
To Stripe, v. a. [firepen, Dutch.] To variegate with lines
of different colours.
Stripe, n.f.. [firepe, Dutch.]
1. A lineary variation of colour. This feems to be the original
notion of the word.
Gardeners may have three roots among an hundred that
are rare, as purple and carnation of feveralfiripes. Dacon.
2. A flared of a different colour.
One of the mod valuable trimmings of their cloaths was a
longfiripe fowed upon the garment, called latus clavus. Arbulh.
3. A weal; or decolouration made by a lafh or blow.
Cruelty marked him with ingloriousfiripes. Dhomfon,
4. A blow ; a lafh.
A body cannot be fo torn with firipes, as a mind with re¬
membrance of wicked adions. Hayward.
To thofe that are yet within the reach of thefiripes and
reproofs of their own confcience; I would addrefs that they
would not feek to remove themfelves from that wholfome
difeipline. Decay of Piety.
StriTling. n.f. [Of uncertain etymology.] A youth ; one
in the date of adolefcence.
’Thwart the lane,
He, with twofiriplings, lads, more like to run
The country bale, than to commit fuch flaughter.
Made good the paffage. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
Now a /tripling cherub he appears,
Not ofthe prime, yet fuch as in his face
Youth fmil’d cceledial. Miltons Paradfe Lofi:
Compositions on any important fubjeds are not matters to
be wrung from poorfiriplings, like blood out of the nofe, or
the plucking of untimely fruit. Milton on Education.
As when youngfiriplings whip the top for fport.
On the fmooth pavement of an empty court;
^ 'he wooden engine whirls. Dryden's JEneid.
As every particular member of the body is nounfhed with
a feveral qualified juice, fo children andfiriplings, old men and
young men mud have divers diets. At buthnot on Aiimemts.
To STRIVE, v.n. Preterite IJlrove, anciently 1firived; part,
pafT.firiven. [fireven, Dutch ; efiriver, French.]
1. I'o druggie; to labour ; to make an effort.
The immutability of God they firive unto, by working
after one and the fame manner. Hooker.
Many brave young minds have, through hearing the praifes
and eulogies of worthy men, been ftirred up to affed the like
commendations, and fofirive to the like deferts. Spenfer.
Strive with me in your prayers to God for me. Rom. xv.
So have Ifirived to preach the gofpel. Rom. xv. 20.
2. To conted; to contend ; to druggie in oppofition to another:
with again/} or with before the perlon oppofed.
Do as adverfaries do in law.
Strive mightily, but eat and drink as friends. Shakefpeare.
Thou art caught, becaufe thou hadJtriven againd the Lord.
Jer. 1. 24.
St> ive for the truth unto death. Ecclus iv. 28.
Why dod thoufirive againd him ? fob xxxiii. 13.
Charge them that theyfirive not about words to no profit*
2 Dim. ii. 14.
Avoid contentions and ftrivings about the law. Tit. iii. 9.
This is only warrantable conflict for the trial of our faith ;
fo that thefeftrivings are not a contending with fuperior powers.
L'Eftrange.
Thus does every wicked man that contemns God, who
can fave or dedroy him who firives with his Maker. Dillotfon.
Now private pity /trove with publick hate,
Reafon with rage, and eloquence with fate. Denham.
If intedine broils alarm the hive,
For two pretenders oft for empirefirive.
The vulgar in divided fadions jar;
And murm’ring founds proclaim the civil v/ar. Dryden.
3. To vie ; to be comparable lo; to emulate ; to contend in ex¬
cellence.
Nor that fweet grove
Of Daphne by Orontes, and the infpir’d
Cadalian ipring, might with this paradife
Of Eden firive. Milton's Farad. Lofi.
Striver. n.f. [from firive.] One who labours; one who
contends
Strokal. n.f. An indrument ufed bv glafs makers. Bailey.
Stroke, or Strook. O’d preterite offirike. now commonlyy?/-«cL
25 L He
STR S T R
He hoodwinked with kindnefs, leaft of all men knew who
Jlroke him. ' Sidney.
Stroke, n.f. [from ftrook, the preteriteofftrike ]
1. A blow; a knock; a fudden a£l of one body upon another.
Th’ oars were filver,
Which to the tune of flutes keptftroke, and made
The water which they beat to follow fafter,
As amorous of theirJ'trokes. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
2. A hoftile blow.
As cannons overcharg’d with double cracks,
So they redoubledftrokes upon the foe. Shakefpeare.
He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples, without
f\.r\V\ug ftroke. Bacon.
His white-man’d fteeds that bow’d beneath the yoke,
He chear’d to courage with a gentleJlroke,
Then urg’d his fiery chariot on the foe,
And rifing, {hook his lance in aft to throw. Dryden.
Both were of {Tuning fleel, and wrought fopure,
As might theJlrokes of two fuch arms endure. Dryden.
I had a long defign upon the ears of Curl, but the rogue
would never allow me a fairJlroke at them, though my pen¬
knife was ready. Swift.
3. A fudden difeafe or affli&ion.
Take this purfe, thou whom the heav’ns plagues
Have humbled to all Jlrokes. ShakeJ'p. King Lear.
4. The found of the clock.
What is’t o’clock ?—-
Upon theftroke offour. Shakefpeare s Richard III.
5. The touch of a pencil.
Oh, lafting as thofe colours may they fhine !
Free as thyJlroke, yet faultlefs as thy line. Pope.
6. A touch; a mafterly or eminent effort.
Another in my place would take it for a notable Jlroke of
good breeding, to compliment the reader. L'Eflrange.
The boldeftJlrokes of poetry, when managed artfully, moft
delight the reader. Dryden's State of Innocence.
As he purchafed the firft fuccefs in the prefent war, by for¬
cing, into the fervice of the confederates, an army that was
raifed againft them, he will give one of the finifhing flrokes to
it, and help to conclude the great work. Addifon.
A verdict more puts me in poffeflion of my eftate, I queftion not but you will give it the htfifBmgJlroke. Arbuthnot.
Ifiodore’s collection was the great and bold Jlroke, which
in its main parts has been difcovered to be an impudent for¬
gery. Baker's Reflexions on Learning.
7. An effe£T fuddenly or unexpectedly produced.
8. Power; efficacy.
Thefe having equal authority for inftruCfion of the young
prince, and well agreeing, bare equal Jlroke in divers facul¬
ties. Hayward.
Perfectly opacous bodies can but refleCt the incident beams,
thofe that are diaphanous refraCt them too, and that refraCtion
has fuch a Jlroke in the production of colours, generated by
the trajeCtion of light through drops of water, that exhibit a
rainbow through divers other transparent bodies. Boyle.
He has a greatJlroke with the reader when he condemns any
of my poems, to make the world have a better opinion of
them. Dryden.
The fubtile effluvia of the male feed have the greateftJlroke
in generation. Ray.
To Stroke, v. a. [ ytpacan, Saxon. ]
1.To rub gently with the hand by way ofkindnefs or endear¬
ment ; to footh.
Thus children do the filly birds they find
With ftroaking hurt, and too much cramming kill. Sidney.
The fenior weaned, his younger {hall teach.
Moreftroken and made of, when oughtit doth aile,
More gentle ye make it for yoke or the paile. T'uflr.
Thy praife or difpraife is to me alike.
One doth notftroke me, nor the other ftrike. Ben. Johnf
He let forth a proclamation ftroaking the people with fair
promifes, and humouring them with inveCtives againft the
king and government. Bacon.
He dry’d the falling drop^, and yet more kind.
HeJtrok’d her cheeks. Dryden.
Come, let us praClife death,
Stroke the grim lion till he grow familiar. Dryden.
She pluck'd the rifing flow’rs, and fed
The gentle beaft, and fondlyftroak’dhis head. Addfon.
To rub gently in one direction.
When the big-udder’d cows with patience ftand.
Waiting theftrokings of the damfel’s hand. Gay.
To STROLI v. n. To wander; to ramble; to rove; to be
a vagrant.
She’s mine, and thine, andftrolling up and down. Granv.
Your wine lock’d up, your butlerftroll'd abroad. Pope.
1 hefe mothers ftrole, to beg fulienance for their helplefs infants. Swift.
Stro'ller. nf. [fiom ftroll.] A vagrant; a wanderer; a va¬
gabond.
Two brother-hermits, faints by trade,
Difguis’d in tatter’d habits, went
To a fmall village down in Kent;
Where, in the ftrollers canting ftrain,
They begg’d from door to door in vain. Swift.
The men of pleafure, who never go to church, form their
ideas of the clergy from a few poorJtroilers they often olderve
in the ftreets. AW/
Strond. n.J. [from ftrand.] The beach; the bank of th«
water.
So looks theftrond whereon th’ imperious flood
„ Jdt % witnefs’d ufurpation. Shakefpeare's II. IV.
STRONG, adj. [ytpanj, Saxon.J
1. Vigorous; forceful; of great ability of body.
Though ’gan the villain wax fo fierce and ftrong
That nothing may fuftain his furious force,
He caft him down to ground, and all along
Drew him through dirt and mire. Fain Queen
The ftrong-wing'd Mercury fhould fetch thee up,""
And fet thee by Jove’s fide. Shakefpeare's Ant. and Cleopatra.
1 hat our oxen may be Jtrong to labour. Pud cxliv. ,4.
The Marfian and Sabellian race, ‘ 4
Strong limb’d and ftout. Dryden
Orfes the ftrong to greater ftrength muft yield ;
He, with Parthenius, were by Rapo kill’d. ’ Dryd.n.
2. Fortified ; fecure from attack.
Within Troy’s prong immures
The ravifh’d Helen with wanton Paris fleeps. Sbakefpeare.
An army of Englifli engaged in the midft, between an armv
of a greater number, frelh and in vigour on the one fide, and
a townJlrong in fortification, andftrong in men on the uther.
Bacon s IVar with Spain.
It is no matter how things are, fo a man obferve but the
agreement of his own imaginations, and talk conformably, it
is all truth: fuch caftles in the air will be as Jlrong holds of
truth as the demonftrations of Euclid. Locke.
3. Powerful; mighty.
While there was war between the houfes of Saul and David,
Abner made himfclfJtrong for Saul. 2 Sam. iii. 6.
The merchant-adventurers being a Jlrong company, and
well underlet with rich men and good order, held out bravely.
Bacon.
Thofe that are ftrong at fea may eafily bring them to what
terms they pleafe. _ _ Addfon.
The weak, by thinking themfelves ftrong, are induced to
proclaim war againft that which ruins them; and theft'ong,
by conceiting themfelves weak, are thereby rendered as ufelels
as if they really were fo. South's Sermons.
4. Supplied with forces.
When he was not fix and twentyftrong.
Sick in the world’s regard, wretched and low.
My father gave him welcome to the fhore. Sbak. Hen. IV.
He was, at his riling from Exeter, between fix and feven
thoufand ftrong. . Bacon.
In Britain’s lovely ifle a fhining throng
War in his caufe, a thoufand beautiesftrong. Tickell.
5. Hale; healthy.
Better is the poor being found and ftrong in conftitution,
than a rich man affli&ed in his body. Ecclus xxx. 1 +.
6. Forcibly a&ing in the imagination.
This is one of the JlrongeJl examples of a perfonation that
ever was. Bacon.
7. Ardent; eager; pofitive ; zealous.
Her mother, everJtrong againft that match,
And firm for doctor Caius, hath appointed,
That he {hall fhuffle her away. Sbakefp. Mer. TVives ofTVind.
In choice of committees for ripening bufinefs for the
council, it is better to chufe indifferent perfons, than to make
an indifferency, by putting in thofe that are ftrong on both
fi^es< Bacon.
The knight is a muchftronger tory in the country than in
town, which is neceffary for the keeping up his interert. Add.
8. Full; having any quality in a great degree; affedfing the
fight or fmell forcibly.
Add with Cecropian thymeftrong-fcented centaury. Dryd.
By mixing fuch powders we are not to exped a Jlrong and
full white, luch as is that of paper; but fome dufky obfeure
one, fuch as might arife from a mixture of light and darknefs, or from white and black, that is, a grey or dun, or ruffet brown. ~ Newton's Optieks.
hus fhall there be made two bows of colours, an interior
and frenger, by one reflexion in the drops, and an exterior
and fainter by two; for the light becomes fainter by every
reflexion. Newton's Optieks.
9. Potent; intoxicating.
Getftreng beer to rub your horfes heels. Swift.
10. Having a deep tin&ure ; afledting the tafte forcibly.
Many of their propofitions favour very Jtrong of the old
leaven of innovations. Ling Charles.
it. Affecting the fmell powerfully.
The prince of Cambay’s daily food
Is afps, and bafilifk and toad.
Which makes him have loftrong a breath,
} ach night he Itinks a queen to death. Hudibra:.
The
S T R STR
The heat of a human body, as it grows more intenfe,
makes the urine fmell more frong. Arbutbnot.
I 2. Hard of digeftion ; not eafily nutrimenta).
Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age. Heir,
13. Furnifhed with abilities for any thing.
I was jtrsngcr in prophecy than in criticifin. Drydin,
14. Valid; confirmed.
In procefs of time, an ungodly cuftom grown ftrong, was
kept as a law. t llifdoni xiv. 16.
x5. Violent; vehement; forcible.
In the days of his ficfh he offered up prayers, with ftrong
crying and tears. Heb. v. 7.
The fcriptures make deep andftrong impreffions on the minds
of men : and whofoever denies this, as he is in point of reliuion atheiflical, fo in undemanding brutifh. J. Corbet,
tb. Cogent; conclufive.
Meffengers
Offrong prevailment in unharden’d youth. Sbakefpeare.
Whatfrong cries mufl they be that fhall drown fo loud a
clamour of impieties. Decay ofPiety.
Produce your caufe; bring forth yourftrong reafons. JJa.
17. Able ; fkiiful; of great force ofmind.
There is no Englifh foul
More fuonger to diredt you than yourlelf.
If with the fap of reafon you would quench.
Or but allay the fire of paffion. Shakrfp. Henry VIII.
18. Firm; compadl; not foon broken.
Full on his ankle fell the pond’rous {lone,
Burft the ftrong nerves, and crafh’d the folid bone. Pope.
19. Forcibly written; comprifing much meaning in few words.
StRongfPsted. adj. [ftrong and fft.] Stronghanded.
John, who was pretty ftrongfifed, gave him fuch a fqueeze
as made his eyes water. _ Arbutbnot.
Stro'nghand. n.f. [ftrong and hand.] Force ; violence.
When their captain dieth, if the feniory fliould defcend to
his child, and an infant, another would thruft him out by
ftrongband, being then unable to defend his right. Spenfer.
They wanting land wherewith to fuftain their people, and
the Tufcans having more than enough, it was their meaning
to take what they needed byftrongband. Raleigh.
Strongly, adv. [fromftrong.]
x. Powerfully ; forcibly.
The colewort is an enemy to any plant, becaufe it drawethfrongly the fatteftjuice of the earth. Bacon's NaturalHiftory.
The dazzling light
Had flafh’d tooJh ongly on his aking fight. Addifon.
Water impregnated with fait attenuatesftrongly. Arbutbnot.
When the attention isJtrcngly fixed to any fubjedl, all that
is faid concerning it makes a deeper impreffion. Watts.
o. With ftrength; with firmnefs; in fuch a manner as to laft ;
in fuch a manner as not eafily to be forced.
Great Dunfinane he J'trongly fortifies. Sbakefpenre.
Let the foundations beftrongly laid. Ezra vi. 3.
3. Vehemently ; forcibly; eagerly.
All thefe accufe him ftrongly. Sbakefpeare.
The ruinous confequences of V/ood’s patent have been
ftrongly reprefented by both houfes. Swift.
Stro'ngwater. n.f. [ftrong and water.] Diftilled fpirits.
Metals receive in readily ftrongwaters; and ftrongwaters
do readily pierce into metals and ftones: and fome will touch
upon gold, that will not touch uponfilver. Bacons Nat. Hif.
Strook. The preterite offtrike, ufed in poetry tor ftruek.
A fudden tempeft from the defart flew.
With horrid wings, and thunder’d as it blew:
Then whirling round, the quoins togetherftrook. Sandys.
That conqu’ring look
When next beheld, like light’ning ftrook
My blafted foul, and made me bow.
He, like a patient angler, ere he ftrook,
Would let them play awhile upon the hook.
Strophe. **[ ffrophe, Fr. Aftanza.
Strove. The preterite ofJtrive.
Having quite loft the way of noblenefs, he frove to climb
to the height of terriblenefs. < Sidney.
XoStrout. v.n. [ftmffen, German.] To fwell with an ap¬
pearance of greatnefs ; to walk with affedled dignity ; to ftrut.
This is commonly written [rut, which feems more proper.
To Strout. v. a. To fwell out; to puff out; to enlarge by
affe£tation.
I will make a brief lift of the particulars in an hiftorical
truth nowifefronted, nor made greater by language. Bacon.
ToStrow. v.n. [See to Strew.]
1. To fpread by being fcattcred.
Angel forms lay entranc’d,
Thick as autumnal leaves thatfrow the brooks
In Valombrofa. _ Miltons Paradife Lof.
2. To fpread by fluttering; to befprinkle.
All the ground
With fhiver’d armour frown. Milton s Paradife Lof.
Come, fhepherds come, andfrow with leaves the plain }
Such funeral rites your Daphnisdid ordain. Diyden.
With ofier floats the {landing waterJt\ ow.
With mafly ftones make bridges if it flow. Dryden.
Waller.
Dryden.
Swift.
S)enfef.
Wallter.
Swift.
Pope.
Pope•
2.
3
3. To fpread.
There have been three years dearth of corn, and every
place ftrow'd with beggars.
4. To fcatter; to throw at random.
Synah, can I tell thee more ?
And of our ladies bowre ;
But little need to frow my {lore,
Suffice this hill of our.
The tree in ftorms
The glad earth about herftrows,
With treafure from her yielding boughs.
Pofleffion kept the beaten road,
And gatherd all his brotherffowd.
To Strowl. v. n. To range; to wander. [See Stroll ]
’Tis file who nightly Jtrowls with launt’ring pace. Gay.
To StrOY. v. a. [For dejtroy.J
Dig garden, ft) oy mallow, now may you at eafe. Tuffier.
Struck. "I he old preterite and participle paffive of[trike.
T his rfteffage bear: the Trojans and their chief
Bring holy peace, and beg the king’s relief;
Struck with fo great a name, and ail on fire.
The youth replies; whatever you require. Dryden,
In a regular plantation, I can place myfelf in its feveral
centers, fo as to view all the walksJtruck from them. Spectator.
High on his car Sefoftrisftruek my view,
Whom feepter’d flaves in golden harnefs drew.
Some to conceit alone their tafte confine.
And glitt’ring thoughtsftiuck out at ev’ry line.
Stru'cicen. The old participle paffive offirike.
Down fell the duke, his joints diflolv’d afunder,
Blind with the light, andftrucken dead with wonder. Fair/.
All liquoursfrucken make round circles, and dalh. Bacon.
Silent, and in face
Confounded, long they fat, asfrucken mute. Milton.
S^Ru'cture [fr-itture, Yt.frudlura, fromftruftus, Latin.]
1.Adt of building; practice of building.
His fon builds on, and never is content.
Till the laft farthing is in ftrutlure fpent. Dryden.
Manner of building; form; make.
Several have gone about to inform them, but for want of
infight into the Jtrufture and conftitution of the terraqueous
globe, have not given fatisfadlion.
Edifice; building.
Ecbatana herftrudluire vaft there fhews,
And Hecatompylos her hundred gates.
High on a rock of ice the ftrufture lay.
There {lands a ftruflure ofmajeftick frame.
Strude. or Strode, n.f. A flock of breeding mare?.
To Stru'ggle. v. n. [Of uncertain etymology.]
To labour ; to aft with effort.
To ftrive; to contend; to conteft.
No man is guilty of an adt of intemperance but he might
have forborn it; not without fome trouble from thefrugglings
of the contrary habit, but ftill the thing was poffible. South.
In the time of Henry VIII. differences of religion tore the
nation into two mighty factions, and, under the name of Papill
and Proteftant, ftruggled in her bowels with many various
events. Temple.
I repent, like fome defpairing wretch.
That boldly plunges in the frightful deep,
Then pants, andftruggles with the whirling waves;
And catches every {lender reed to fave him. Smith.
3. To labour in difficulties; to be in agonies or diftrefs.
Strong virtue, like ftrong nature, ftruggles ftill,
Exerts itfelf, and then throws off the ill. Dryden.
’Tis wifdom to beware
And better fhun the bait, thanftruggle in the fnare. Dryden.
If men ftruggle through as many troubles to be miferable as
to be happy; my readers may be perfuaded to be good. Speft.
He Jtruggling groans beneath the cruel hands
Even of the clowns he feeds. Tbomfon.
Struggle, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Labour; effort.
2. Conteft; contention.
When, in the divifion of parties, men only ftrove for the
firft place in the prince’s favour, an honeft man might look
upon the ftruggle wjth indifference. Addifon.
It began and ended without any of thofe unnatural ftruggles
for the chair, which have difturbed the peace of this great
city. Aiterbury.
3. Agonv; tumultuous diftrefs.
STRUMA, n.f [Latin.] A glandular [welling; the king’s evil.
A oentlewoman had a Jtruma about the inftep, very hard
and deep about the tendons. Wifeman s Surgery.
Stru'mous. adj. [fromJtruma.'] Having fwelling in the glands.
How to treat them when ftrutnous, feirrhous, or cancerous.
Wifeman
Stru'mpet. n.f. A whore; aproftitute. Of doubtful original.
Strcpo vieux mot palliardije. Stuprum, Lat. Trevaux.
How like a younker or a prodigal
The fkarfed bark puts from her native bay,
* Hugg’d
Woodward.
Milton.
Pope.
Popei
Baly.
1.
2.
S T U
Hugg’d and embraced by the [trumpet wind !
How like a prodigal doth fhe return,
Lean, rent, and beggar’d by the Jtrumpet wind. Sbakefp.
Ne’er could thejtrumpet,
With all her double vigour, art and nature.
Once ftir my temper, but this virtuous maid
Subdues me quite. Shake/p. Medfurefor Mcafure.
If to preferve this veffel for my lord
From any other, foul, unlawful touch,
Be not to be a[trumpet, I am none. Shakefpeare’s Qthello.
Common fame is as falfe and impudent as a common ftr
S T U
His fuccceding years afford him little more than the ft bb'e
of his own bar veil Dryden.
'umfct. _ UEjlrange.
Honour had his due ;
Before the holy prieft my vows were ty’d :
So came I not ajtrumpet but a bride. Dryden.
To Stru'mpet. v. a. To make a whore; to debauch.
If we two be one, and thou play falfe,
I do digefl the poifon of thy flefh,
Being jtrumpeted by the contagion. Shakefpeare.
Strung. The preterite and participle paffive offiring.
Theftrung bow points out the Cynthian queen. Gay.
To Strut, v.n. [ ftrujfen, German.]
1. To walk with affe&ed dignity; to fwell with ftatelinefs.
Adore our errours, laugh at’s while we ftrut
To our cpnfufion. Shakefpeare s Ant and Cleopatra.
Does he not hold up his head andftrut in his gait ? Sbakefp.
Though thou ftrut and paint, ‘
Yet art thou both fhrunk up and old. Ben. Johnfln.
Fhe falfe fyren
Struts on th waves, and fhews the brute below. Dryden.
We will be with you ere the crowing cock
Salutes the light, and finds before his feather’d flock. Dryd.
2. To fwell; to protuberate.
The goats withfruiting dugs fhall homeward fpeed. Dryd.
The pow’r appeas’d, with winds fuffic’d the fail,
The bellying canvafsftrutted with the gale. Dryden.
As thy ftrutting bags with money rife,
The Jove of gain is of an equal fize. Dryden.
Strut, n.f [from the verb.] An afFe&ation of ftatelinefs in
the walk.
Certain gentlemen of the gown, by fmirking countenances
and an ungainly ftrut in their walk, have got preferment.
Swift.
STUB. n.f. [yteb, Sax. fubbe, Danifh; fob, Dutch ; .fipes,
Latin.]
1. A thick (hort flock left when the reft is cut off.
Dametas guided the horfes fo ill, that the wheel coming
over a greatfub of a tree, overturned the coach. Sidney.
All about, old flocks and flubs of trees.
Whereon nor fruit nor leaf was ever feen.
Did hang upon the ragged rocky knees. Fairy Dueen.
To buy at thefub is the beft for the buyer.
More timely provifion, the cheaper is fire. Duffer.
* Upon cutting down of an old timber tree, thefub hath put
out femetimes a tree of another kind. Bacon's "Nat. Hifory.
We here
Live on tough roots and flubs, to thirft inur’d.
Men to much mifery and hardfhips born. Milton.
frickly fubs inftead of trees are found,
Cr woods with knots and knares deform’d and old;
Headlefs the tnoft, and hideous to behold. Dryd. Knights Tale.
2. A log; a block.
You fhall have more adoe to drive our dulleft and lazieft
youth, our flocks andfubs, from the infinite defire of fuch a
happy nurture, than we have now to haul our choiceft wits to
that afinine feaft of fow-thiftles and brambles. Milton.
To Stub. v. a. [from the noun.] To force up; to extirpate.
His. two tufks ferve for fighting and feeding; by the help
whereof he fubs up edible roots out of the ground, or tears
off the bark of trees. Crew's Mufaum.
• ‘ The other tree was griev’d,
Grew ferubby, dry’d a-top, was ftunted ;
So the next parfon flubb’d and burnt it. Swift.
Stu'bbed. adj. [fromfub.] Truncared; fhort and thick.
A pain he in his head-piece feels,
Againft aflubbed tree he reels,
And up went poor Hobgoblin’s heels. Drayton.
To fpight the coy nymphs.
Hang upon ourfubbed horns
Garlands, ribbons, and fine poefies. Ben. Joknfon.
Stu'bbedness. n.f. [fromfubbed.'] The ftate of being fhort,
thick, and truncated.
n f- Wouble' Fr- foppel, Dutch ; fiputa, Latin.]
1 he italics of corn left in the field by the reaper.
This fuggefted
t ome time, when his foaring infolence
'Pi .re*ch,the people, will be the fire
*°,^d e th^lrdryfubble, and their blaze
ohall darken him for ever ct j /i
If afmall red flower in the fubble-fields, called the wincopipe, open in the morning, you may be furc of a fair day.
2 Bacln.
1
I hrice happy Duck, employ’d in threfhingy^/TV,
i hy toil is lelleh’d and thy profits double. Swift.
After the firfl crop is oft they plow in the wheatfu'lle.
c m/^DnifXT Mortimer s Hujbandry.
o T)LL KIN. adj. [ This word, of which no obvious etymoog^. appears, is derived by Minfl.etv from ftoutborn, refer, ed
by Junius to and deduced better by Mr. Lye, from
fub, perhaps from flub-hom.]
1. Obftinate; inflexible; contumacious.
'Fhe queen is obftinate,
Stubborn tojuftree, aptt’accufe it, and
Difdainful to be tried by’t. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Nonfubbcrn antient knave, you reverend braggart.
We H teach you.- Sbakefreare'sKing Lear.
He believed he had fo humbled the garrifon, that they would
be no longer fo>iW Carende.,.
2. rerlifting; perfevering; fleady.
t A11 tilis is ^ be had only from the epiftles themfelves, with
fubborn attention, and more than common application.’Z-er/ft?.
3- Stiff ; not pliable ; inflexible; not eafily admitting impreffidn.
Strifeful Atin in theirfubborn mind.
Coals of contention and hot vengeance tin’d. Spcnfer.
Love foftens me, and blows up fires which pafs
Through my tough heart, and melt thefubborn mafs. Dryd.
I 11 not flatter this tempeftuous king,
But work h\$.fubborn foul a nobler way. Dryden.
1 ake a plant offubborn oak.
And labour him with many a flurdy ftroak, Dryden.
4. Hardy; firm.
Patience under torturing pain,
Wherefubborn Hoicks would complain. Swift.
5. Harfh; rough; fugged.
We will not oppofe any thing that is hard andftubborn, but
by a foft anfwer deaden their force. Burnet.
6. In all its ufes it commonly implies fomething of a bad qua¬
lity.
Stubbornly, adv, [fromfubborn.] Obftinately; contumacioufly; inflexibly.
Stubbornly he did repugn the truth,
About a certain queftion in the law. Sbakefp. H. VI.
He wihully neglects his book, and fubbornly refufes anv
thing he can do. _ Locke.
So clofe they cling, fofubbornly retire.
Their love’s more violent than the chymift’s fire., Garth.
Stu bboRnness. n.f. [from fubborn.] Obftinacy; vicious
ftoutnefs; contumacy; inflexibility.
Happy is your grace,
That can tranflate theJlubbornnefs of fortune
Into fo quiet and fo fweet a ftyle. Sbakefp. As yu like it.
He chofe a coiirfe leaft fubjedl to envy, between ftiff fubbornnefs and filthy flattery. Hayward.
Patriots, in peace, affert the people’s right,
With noble flubbornnefs refilling might. Dryden.
Stubbornnefs, and an obftinate difobediencc, muft be maftered with blows. Locke.
It failed, partly by the accidents of a ftorm, and partly by
thefubbornnefs or treachery of that colony for whofe relief it
was defigned. Swift.
Stubby, adj. [from [tub.] Short and thick; fhort and ftrong.
The bafe is furrounded with a garland of black and Jtubhy
brifiles. Grew's Mufczum.
Stu bnail. n.f. [fub and nail.] A nail broken off; a fhort
thick nail.
STUCCO, n.f. [Itdli.fuc, Fr.] A kind of fine plafter for walls.
Palladian walls, Venetian doors,
Grotefco roofs, and ftucco floors. Pope.
Stuck. T he preterite and participle paffive of flick.
I had a pafs with rapier, fcabbard and all, and he gives me
theftuck in with fuch a mortal motion, that ft is inevitable.
Shakefpeare’s Twelfth Night.
VVhat more infamous brands have records ftuck upon any,
than thofe who ufed the beft parts for the worll ends ?
Decay of Piety.
The partners of their crime will learn obedience,
h® they look up and fee their fellow-traitors
Stuck on a Fork. Addifon. '
When the polypus from forth his cave,
Torn with full force, reludlant beats the wave.
His ragged daws are flick with ftones and lands. Pope.
Stuck o’er with titles, and hung round with firings,
That thou may’ft be by kings, or whores of kings. Pope.
Stuckle n.f. [fook, Scottifh.J A number offheaves laid toge¬
ther in the field to dry. Ainfvjorth.
Stud. n.f [ptuou, Saxon.]
1. A poll; a tiake. In fome fuch meaning perhaps it is to be
taken in the following paffage, which I do not underftand.
A barn in the country, that hath one fingle Jtud, or one
height of ftuds to the roof, is two fhillings a foot. Mortimer.
2. A nail with a large head driven for ornament; anv ornamen¬
tal knob or protuberance.
Han lies
STU
Handles were to add.
For which he now was making ftuds. Chapman's Iliad.
A belt of ftraw, and ivy buds,
XVith coral clafps and amberftuds. Raleigh.
Cryftal and myrrhine cups embofs’d with gems,
And ftuds of pearl. Milton's Paradife Regain'd.
Upon a plane are feveral fmall o\Aor\gftuds, placed regularly
in a quincunx order. Woodward on Fojfils.
A defk he had of curious work,
With elitt’ring/fWr about. Swift:
3.[Stobe, Saxon ; Jtod, Iflandick, is a ftallion.] A colledtiori
of breeding horfes and mares.
In the ftuds of Ireland, where care is taken, we fee horfes
bred of excellent Ihape, vigour, and fize. Temple.
To Stud. v. a. [from the noun.] To adorn with ftuds or
Ihining knobs.
Thy horfes {hall be trapp’d.
Their harnefsftuddedall with gold and pearl. Shakefpeare.
A filverfiudded ax, alike beftow’d. Dryden's /.En.
Stu'dent. n.f. [ftudens, Latin.] A man given to books; a
fcholar; a bookiih man.
Keep a gamefter from dice, and a good ftudent from his
bbok. Shakejp. Merry Wives of IVindfor.
This grave advice fome foberftudent bears,
And loudly rings it in his fellow’s ears. Dryden's Perf.
Aftudent {hall do more in one hour, when all things concur
to invite him tb any fpecial ftudy, than in four at a dull feafon. Watts's Logick.
I {lightly touch the fubjedi, and recommend it to fome
, ftudent of the profefliott. Arbuthnot on Coins.
u'died. adj. [from ftudy ~\
j. Learned ; verfed in any ftudy; qualified by ftudy.
He died
As one that had beenftudied in his death.
To throw away the deareft thing he ow’d.
As ’twere a carelefs trifle. Shakefpeare.
I am well ftudied for a liberal thanks,
Which I do Owe yob. Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
It will be fit that foifte man, reafonablyftudied in the law,
go as chancellor. Bacon.
j. Having any particular inclination. Out of ufe.
A prince {hould not be fo loofelyftudied as to remember fo
weak a compofition. Shakejpeare.
Stu'dier. n.f. [fromftudy.'] One who ftudies.
Lipfius was a greatftudier of the ftoical philofophy : upon
his death-bed his friend told him, that he needed not ufe ar¬
guments to perfuade him to patience, the philofophy which he
had ftudied would furnifh him; he anfwers him. Lord Jefus,
give me Chriftian patience. Tillotfon.
There is a law of nature, as intelligible to a rational crea¬
ture and ftudier of that law, as the pofitive laws of common¬
wealths. _ Locke.
Stu'dious. adj. [Jludieux, French ; ftudiofus, Latin.]
1. Given to books and contemplation ; given to learning.
A proper remedy for wandering thoughts, he that {hall
propofe, would do great fervice to the jtudious and contempla¬
tive part of mankind. Locke.
2. Diligent; bufy.
Studious to find new friends, and new allies. Tickell.
3. Attentive to; careful.
The people made
Stout for the war, andjtudious of their trade. Dryden.
There are who, fondly ftudious of increafe,
Rich foreign mold on their ill-natur’d land
Philips.
Milton.
Thomfn's Summer.
Induce.
4.Contemplative ; fuitable to meditation.
Let my due feet never fail
To walk theftudious cloifter’s pale.
Him for theftudious {hade
Kind nature form’d.
Stu'diously. adv. [fromftudious.]
t. Contemplatively; with clofe application to literature.
2.Diligently; carefully; attentively.
On a fhort pruning hook his head reclines.
Andftudioujly furveys his gen’rous wines. Dryden's JEn.
All of them ftudioufy cherifhed the memory of their hon¬
ourable extradtion. Atterbury.
Stu'diousness. n.f. [fromftudious.'] Addiction to ftudy
STUDY, n.f. [ ejlude, French ; ftudium, Latin.]
1. Application of mind to books and learning.
Study gives ftrength to the mind; converfation, grace. Temp.
Engage the mind.in ftudy by a confideration of the divine
pleafures of truth and knowledge. Watts.
2. Perplexity; deep cogitation.
Th’ idea of her life (hall fweetly creep
Into hisftudy of imagination. Shak. Much Ado about Nothing:
The king of Caftile, a little confufed, and in aftudy, faid*
that can I not do with my honour. Bacon's Henry VII.
3* Attention ; meditation ; contrivance.
What can happen
To me above this wretchednefs ? All yourftudies
Make me a curfe like this* Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
t v
STU
Juft men they feem’d, and all theirJludy bent
To worfhip God aright, and know his works. Milton.
4. Any particular kind of learning.
Studies ferve for delight in privatenefs and retiring, for or¬
nament in difeourfe, and for ability in the judgment and difpofition of bufinels. Bacons Effays.
5. Apartmeht fet off for literary employment.
Get me a taper in my ftudy, Lucius. Shakef. ful.Caf
Knock at theftudy, where, they fay, he keeps.
To ruminate ftrange plots. Sbakefp. Titus Andronicus.
Let allftudies and libraries be towards the Eaft. Woiton.
Some fervants of the king vifited the lodgings of the accufed
tnembers, and fealed up theirftudies and trunks. Clarendon„
Both adorn’d their age;
One for theftudy, t’other for the ftage. Dryden.
To Stu'dy. v. n. [ftudeo, Latin ; ejludier, French. ]
1. To think with very clofe application; to mufe.
I found a moral firft, and then ftudied for a fable. Swift.
2. To endeavour diligently..
Study to be quiet, and do your own bufiriefs. x Thef iv. 11.
To Stu'dy. v. a.
1. To apply the mind to.
Nothing lovelier can be found
In woman, than toJludy houftiold good. Milton,
If a gentleman be to ftudy any language, it ought to be
that of his own country. Locke.
2. To confider attentively.
He hathftudied her well, and tranflated her out of honefty
into Englifh. Shakfp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
Study thyfelf: what rank, or what degree.
The wife Creator has ordain’d for thee. Dryden's Perf.
You have ftudied every fpot of ground in Flanders, which
has been the Icene of battles and fieges. Dryden.
3. To learn by application.
You could, for a need, ftudy a fpeech of fome dozen lines,
which I would fet down. . Sbakefp. Hamlet.
STUFF, n.f. \_ftoffe, Dutch; eftoffe, French.]
1. Any matter or body.
Let Phidias have rude and obftinate ftuff to carve: thought
his art do that it fhould, his work will lack that beauty, which
otherwife in fitter matter it might have had. Hooker.
The workman on hisftuff his Ikill doth fliow,
And yet theftuff gives not the man his {kill. Davies.
Of brick, and of thatfluffs they caft to build
A city and tow’r. Milton.
Pierce an hole near the inner edge, becaufe the triangle
hath there mod fubftance of ftuff. Moxon's Mech. Exer.
2. Materials out of which any thing is made.
Thy verfe fwells ftuff fo fine and fmooth,
That thou art even natural in thine art. Sbakefp. Timor:.
Caefar hath wept;
Ambition fhould be made of fternerftuff. Shakef. Jul. Caf.
Succefs or lofs, what is or is not, ferves
Asftuff for thefe two to make paradoxes. Shakefpeare.
Thy father, that poor rag,
Muft be thy fubjedt, who in fpight putftuff
To fome fixe-beggar, and compounded thee
Poor rogue hereditary. Shakefpeare's Timon.
Degrading profe explains his tneaning ill.
And (hews the ftuff\ and not the workman’s {kill. Rofcom.
3. Furniture; goods.
Fare away to get ourftuff aboard. Shakefpeare.
He took away locks, and gave away the king’sftuff. Hayw.
Groaning waggons loaded high
Withftuff Cowley's Davideis.
4. That which fills any thing.
With fome fweet oblivious antidote
Cleanfe the fluff’d bofom of that perilousftuff
Which weighs upon the heart. Shakefpeare.
5. Effence; elemental part.
Though in the trade of war I have {lain men.
Yet do I hold it veryftuff o’ th’ confcience
To do no contriv’d murther. Sbakefp. Othello.
6. Any mixture or medicine.
I did compound for her
A certain ftuff, which, being ta’en, would feize
The prefent power of life. Sbakefp, Cymbelini.
7. Cloth or texture of any kind.
8. Textures of wool thinner and {lighter thancloath.
Let us turn the wools of the land into cloaths and fluffs of
our own growth, and the hemp and flax growing here into
linen cloth and cordage. Bacon's Advice to Villitrt.
9. Matter or thing, In contempt.
O properftuff!
This is the very painting of your fear. Shakef. Macbeth.
Such ftuff as madmen
Tongue and brain not. Shakefpeare.
At this fuftyftuff
The large Achilles, on his preft bed lolling,
T rom his deep cheft laughs out a loud applaufe, Sbakefpt
} DlcaTe not thyfelf the flatt’ring crowd to hear,
Tisfulfomz ftuff to feed thy itching ear. Dryden s Perf,
25 M Anger
S T U S T U
G>ay2.
0-
Anger would indite
Such wofulj'tuff as I or Shadwell write. Dryden s Juven.
To-morrow will be time enough
To hear fuch mortifyingfluff- .
The free things that among rakes pafs for wit and fpirit,
fnuft be fhocking/fojf'to the ears of perfons of delicacy. Clariff.
10. It is now feldom ufed in any fenfe but in contempt or
diflike.
To Stuff, v. a. [from the noun.]
1.To fill very full with any thing.
When we’ve Jtuff’d
Thefe pipes, and thefe conveyances of blood.
With wine and feeding, we have fuppler fouls. Sbakefpeare.
If I find him comforting the king,
It will ftuff his fufpicion more fully. Sbakefpeare.
Though plenteous, all too little feems
To ftuff this maw, this vaft unhide-bound corps. Milton.
What have we more to do than to ftuff our guts with thefe
ffos ? L’Eftrange.
This crook drew hazel-boughs adown,
And ftuff’d her apron wide with nuts fo brown*
To fill to uneafinefs.
With feme oblivious antidote
Cleanfe theftuff"’d bofom of that perilous fluff
Which weighs upon the heart. Sbakefpeare.
To thruft into any thing.
Put rofes into a glafs with a narrow mouth, ftuffing them
clofe together, but without bruiftng, and they retain fmell and
colour frefh a year. Bacon’s Natural Hiflory.
4. To fill by being put into anything.
Grief fills the room up of my abfent child.
Lies in his bed, walks up and down with me,
Stuffs out his vacant garments With his form. Sbakefpeare.
With inward arms the dire machine they load,
And iron bowelsftuff the dark abode. Dryden’s /En.
Abed,
Theftuffing leaves, with hides of bears o’erfpread. Dryden.
5. To fwell out byfomething thruft in.
I will be the man that fhall make you great.--1 cannot
perceive how, unlefs you give me your doublet, and ftuff me
out with ftraw. _ Shakefp. Henry IV.
The gods for fin
Should with a fwelling dropfyfluff thy fkin. Dryden.
Officious Baucis lays
Two cufhionsfluff’d with ftraw, the feat to raife. Dryden.
h. To fill with fomething improper or fuperfluous.*
It is not ufual among the beft patterns tofluff the report of
particular lives with matter of publick record. Woiton.
Thofe accufations arefluffed with odious generals, that the
proofs feldom make good. Clarendon.
For thee I dim thefe eyes, andfluff this head
With all fuch reading as was never read. Pope.
7. To obftrudt the organs of feent or refpiration.
Thefe gloves the count fent me ; they are an excellent per¬
fume.-1 amflufft, coufin, I cannot fmell. Sbakefpeare.
Sbakefpeare.
King’s Cookery.
8. To fill meat with fomething of high relifh.
She went for parfly tofluff a rabbet.
He aim’d at all, yet never could excel
In any thing butfluffing of his veal.
9. To form by ftuffing.
An eaftern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous fentence, and ordered his hide to be fluffed into a cufhion, and
placed upon the tribunal. Swift.
To Stuff, v. n. To feed gluttonoufly.
Wedg’d in a fpacious elbow-chair.
And on her plate a treble fhare,
As if {he ne’er could have enough,
Taught harmlefs man to cram and (luff. Swift.
Stuffing, n.f. [fromffuff(\
1. That by which any thing is filled.
Rome was a farrago out of the neighbouring nations; and
Greece, though one monarchy under Alexander, yet the
people that were the fluffing and materials thereof, exifted
* before. Hale.
2. Reliftiing ingredients put into meat.
Arrach leaves are very good in pottage andffuffings. Mort.
Stuke, or Stuck, n.f. [flue, French ; Jlucco, Italian.] A compofttion of lime and marble, powdered very fine, commonly
called plaifter of Paris, with which figures and other ornaments
refembling fculpt’ure are made. Bailey.
Stulm, n f. A fhaft to draw water out of a mine. Bailey.
Stulti'loquence. n.f. [flultus and lotpuentia, Lat.] Foolifli
talk. DiCt.
Stum, n.f \fium, Swedilh, fuppofed to be contra&ed from
mufurn, Latin.]
1. Wine yet unfermented ; the cremor or froth on rnuft.
An undtuous clammy vapour, that arifes from theflum of
grapes, when they lie mafhed in the vat, puts out a light,
when dipped into it. A'ddifon on Italy.
2. New wine ufed to raife fermentation in dead and vapid wines.
'Let our wines without mixture or (turn be all fine.
Or fall up the mafter, and break his dull noddle. B.Johnf.
3. Wine revived by a new fermentation.
Drink cv’ry letter on’t in flum,
And make it brifk champaigne become. Hndtbras.
To Stum. v. a. [from the noun.] To renew wine by mixing
frefh wine and raifing a new fermentation.
Vapid wines are put upon the lees of noble wines to give
them fpirit, and wcflum our wines to renew their fpirits. Floy.
To STU'MBLE. v. n. [This word Junius derives fromflump,
and fays the original meaning is to firike or tiip againfl a
flump. I rather think it comes from tumble.J
1. To trip in walking.
When fhe will take the rein, I let her run;
But {he’ll notfumble. Shakefp. IVinter’s Tale.
A headftall being reftrained to keep him from fumbling,
hath been often burft. Sbak. Taming of the Shrew.
As we pac’d along
Upon the giddy footing of the batches,
Mcthought that CcWkkzrfwnbled-, and, in falling.
Struck me, that fought to ftay him, overboard. Shakefp.
The way of the wicked is as darknefs : they know not at
what thzy fumble. Prov. iv. 19.
Cover’d o’er with blood,
Which from the patriot’s breaft in torrents flow’d.
He faints: his fteed no longer hears the rein;
Butfundies o’er the heap his hand had (lain. Prior.
2. To flip; to err; to Hide into crimes or blunders.
Pie thatloveth his brother, abideth in the light, and there is
none occafion offumbling in him. I Jo. ii. 10.
This my day of grace
They who negledt and fcorn, fhall never tafte;
But hard be harden’d, blind be blinded more.
That they mayfumble on, and deeper fall. Milton.
3. To ftrike againft by chance; to light on by chance.
This extreme dealing had driven her to put herfelf with a
great lady of that country, by which occafion fhe had fumbled
upon fuch mifchances as were little for the honour of her or
her family. Sidney.
What man art thou, that, thus befereen’d in night,
So fturnblef on my counfel. Sbak. Romeo and Juliet.
A moufe, bred in a cheft, dropped out over the fide, and
fumbled upon a delicious morfel. L’Efirange.
Ovid fumbled, by fome inadvertency, upon Livia in a
bath, Dryden.
Many of the greateft inventions have been accidentally
fumbled upon by men bufy and inquiftive. Ray.
Write down p and />, and make figns to him to endeavour
to pronounce them, and guide him by {hewing him the motion
of vour own lips ; by which he will, with a little endeavour,
ftu?nble upon one of them. Holder’s Elements of Speech.
To Stu'mble. v. a.
r. To obftrudt in progrefs ; to make to trip or flop.
2. To make to boggle; to offend.
Such terms amus’d them all,
Andfumbled many. Milton’s Paradfe Loft.
One thing more fumbles me in the very foundation of this
hypothefs. Locke.
Stu'mble. n.f [from the verb.]
1. A trip in walking.
2. A blunder; a failure.
One fumble is enough to deface the character of an hon¬
ourable life. L’Eftrange;
Stu'meler. n.f. [fromfumble.] One that {tumbles.
Be fweet to all: is thy complexion four ?
Then keep fuch company ; make them thy allay ;
Get a {harp wife, a fervant that will low’r ;
A fiumbler {tumbles leaft in rugged way. Herbert.
Stu'melingblocic. 7 n.f. [fromfumbled] Caufe of {tumbling;
Stu'mblingstone. 3 caufe of errour; caufe of offence.
We preach Chrift crucified, unto the Jews a fumblingblock,
and unto the Greeks foolifhnefs. 1 Cor. i. 23.
Thisftumbdngfone we hope to take away. Burnet.-
Shakefpeare is afumblingblock to thefe rigid criticks. Spediat.
STUMP, n.f. [ftumpe, Danifti; ftompe, Dutch; fiompen, Dan.
to lop.] The part of any folid body remaining after the reft
is taken away.
He {truck fo ftrongly, that the knotty fting
Of his huge tail he quite in funder cleft;
Fivejoints thereof he hew’d, and but theftump him left. Spenf
Your colt’s tooth is not call yet.—Not while I have a
ftump. • Sbakefpeare'.
He through the bufhes fcrambles;
Aftump doth trip him in his pace;
Down comes poor Hob upon his face, }
Among!! the briers and brambles. Drayton s 1 ympbid.
Who, ’caufe they’re wafted to thzftumps->
Are reprefented beft by rumps. Hudibraj.
A eoach-horfe foapt off the end of his finger, and 1 drefled
the ftump with common digeftive. IVijeman s Surgery.
A poor afs, now wore out to tUefiumps, fell down under his
Io t| " L’Eftrange.
1 Againft a ftump his tufks.the monfter grinds,
Aiufin the {harpen’d edge new vigour finds. Dryden.
A tongue
S T U STU
A tongue might have Tome refcmblance to the ftump of a
feather. Glow’s Mufaum.
Worn to theJtumps in the fervice of the maids, ’tis thrown
out of doors, or condemned to kindle a fire. Swift.
Stu'MPY. adj. [from ftump.) hull of Humps; hard; ftiff;
ftrong. A had word.
They burn the ftubble; which, being foftUmpy, they feldohi
plow in. ^ , Mortimer.
To Stun. v. a. [ptunan, Saxon, ^ej-tun, hoife.J
1. To confound or dizzy with noife.
. An univerfal hubbub wild
Of funning founds, and voices all confus’d,
Afi'aults his ear. Milton.
Still fhall I hear, and never quit the fcore,
Stunn'd with hoarfe Codrus’ Thefeid o’er and o’er. Dryden.
Too ftrong a noife funs the ear, and one too weak does
not act upon the organ. Cbeyne.
So Alma, weary’d of being great.
And nodding in her chair of Hate,
Stunn’d and worn out with endlefs chat;
Of Will did this, and Nan faid that. Prior.
Shouts as thunder loud afflidt the air;
Andfun the birds releas’d. Prior.
The Britons, once a favage kind,
Defcendents of the barbarous Huns,
With limbs robuft, and voice thatfunso,
You taught to modulate their tongues.
And fpeak without the help of lungs. Swift.
2. To make fenfelefs or dizzy with a blow.
One hung a pole-ax at his faddle-bow*
And one a heavy mace tofun the foe. Dryden.
Stung. The preterite and participle paffive offing.
To both tbefe filters have I fworn my love :
Each jealous of the other, as thefung
Are of the adder. Shakef. King Lear.
With envyfung, they view each other’s deeds.
The fragrant work with diligence proceeds. Dryden s ALn.
Sh'UNK. The preterite offink.
To Stunt, v. a. [funta, Mandick.] To hinder from growth.
Though this ufage funted the girl in her growth, it gave
her a hardy conftitution; fhe had life and fpirit. Arbutbnot.
There he ftopt Ihort, nor fince has writ a tittle,
But has the wit to make the molt of little;
Likefunted hide-bound trees, that juft have got
Sufficient fap at once to bear and rot. Pope.
The tree grew fcrubby, dry’d a-top andfunted.
And the next parfon ftubb’d and burnt it. Swift.
Stupe, n.f [ftupa, Latin.] Cloatli or flax dipped in warm
medicaments, and applied to a hurt or fore.
A fomentation was by fome pretender to furgery applied
with coarfe woollenfupes, one of which was bound upon his
leg. Wifeman's Surgery.
To Stupe, v. a. [from the noun] To foment; to drefs with ftupes.
T. he efcar divide, andfupe the part affected with wine. Wifem.
Stupefaction, n.f. [fupefaction,¥r fupefadlus,\jOA.~\ Infenfibility; dulnefs; ftupidity; fluggilhnefs of mind ; heavy folly.
All refiftance of the dictates of confcience brings a hardnefs andfupefadtion upon it. South.
She fent to ev’ry child
Firm impudence, or fupefatdicn mild ;
And ftrait fucceeded, leaving fhame no room,
Cibberian forehead, or Cimmerian gloom. Dunciad.
Stupefa'ctive. adj. [fromfupefaSius, Latin\fupefadtif Fr.]
Caufing infenfibility; dulling; obftrudting the fenfes; nircotick; opiate.
It is a gentle fomentation, and hath a very little mixture,
of fomefupefaftive. Bacon’s Natural Hifory.
Opium hath afupefafiive part, and a heating part; the one
moving fleep, the other a heat. Bacon.
Stupendous, adj. [fupendus,]_,ixd\ Wonderful; amazing;
aftoniftfing.
All thofefupendous a£ts defervedly are the fubjetft of a hiftory, excellently written in Latin by a learned prelate. Claren.
Greatjoy was at their meeting, and at fight
Of thatfupendous bridge his joy increas’d. Milton.
Portents and prodigies their fouls amaz’d ;
But moft, when this fupendous pile was rais’d. Dryden.
Mortals, fly this curft detefted race :
A hundred of the famefupendous fize,
A hundred Cyclops live among the hills. Addifon.
Our numbers can fcarce give us an idea of the vaft quantity
of fyftems in thisfupendous piece of architecture. Qheyne.
STU'PID. adj. [fupide, French ; fupidus, Latin.]
i, Dull; wanting fenfibility; wanting apprehenfion; heavy;
fluggifhof underftanding.
O that men fhould be fofupid grown
As to forfake the living God. Milton.
• Men, boys and women, fupid with furprife,
Where e’er fhe paffes, fix their wond’ring eyes. Dryden.
If I by chance fucceed,
Know, I am not fofupid, or fo hard,
Not to feel praife, or fame’s deferv’d reward. Dryden.
Tbcnfonl
With wild furprife
A momentfupid, motionlefs he Hood,
2: Performed without fkill or genius.
Wit, as the chief of virtue’s friends;
Difdains to ferve ignoble ends :
Obferve what loads offupid rhimes
Opprefs us in corrupted times. Swift.
Stupidity, n.f. [fupidite, Fr. fupiditas, Latin.] Dulnefs;
heavinefs of mind; fluggilhnefs of underftanding.
Shadwel alone, of all my fons, is he
Who Hands confirm’d in fullJlupidity. Dryden.
Stu'pidly. adv. [from fupid.]
1. With fufpenfion or inactivity of underftanding.
That fpace the evil one abftraCted flood
From his own evil, and for the time remain’d
Stupidly good. Milton’s Paradife Lof.
2. Dully; without apprehenfion.
On the Afield there was engraven maps of countries, which
Ajax could not comprehend, but looked on asfupidly as his
fellow-beaft the lien. Dryden’s Fables, Dedicat.
Stu'pifier. n.f. [fromfupifyf That which caufes ftupidity.
To STU'PIFY. v. a. [fupefacio, Latin. This word fhould
therefore be fpelled fupefy ; but the authorities are againft it.]
To make ftupid ; to deprive of fenfibility; to dull.
It is not malleable ; but yet is not fluent, butftupfed. Bat.
Thofe
Willftupify and dull the fenfe awhile. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Pounce it into the quickfilver, and fo proceed to thejtupifing. Bacon.
Confider whether that method, ufed to quiet fome con¬
fidences, does notftupefy more. Decay of Piety.
The fumes of his paffion do as really intoxicate his difeern-
* ing faculty, as the fumes of drink difeompofe and ftupify the
brain of a man overcharged with it. South.
Envy, like a cold poifon, benumbs and ftupifies; and confeious of its own impotence, folds its arms in defpair. Collier.
STU'POR. n.f. [Latin ; fupeur, French.] Sufpenfion or dimi¬
nution of fenfibility.
A pungent pain in the region of the kidneys, a ftupor, or
dull pain in the thigh and colick, are fymptoms of an inflam¬
mation of the kidneys. Arbutbnot on Diet.
To Stu’prate. v. a. [ftupro, Latin.] To ravifh ; to violate.
Stupra'tion. n.f. [fupratio, irom ftupro, Lat.] Rape; vio¬
lation.
Stupraiion muft not be drawn into practice. Browni
Stu'rdily. adv. [fromfurdy.]
1. Stoutly; hardily.
2. Obftinately; refolutely.
Then withdraw
From Cambridge, thy old nurfe; and, as the reft.
Here toughly chew tmd fturdily digeft
Th’immenfe vaft volumes of our common law. Donne.
Stu'rdiness. n.f [fromfurdy.]
1. Stoutnefs; hardinefs.
Sacrifice not his innocency to the attaining fome little fkill
of buftling for himfelf, by his converfation with vitious boys,
when the chief ufe of that fturdinefs, and Handing upon his
own legs, is only for the prelervation of his virtue. Locke.
2. Brutal ftrength.
STU'RDY. adv. [efourdi, French.]
1. Hardy; ftout; brutal; obftinate. It is always ufed of men
with fome difagreeable idea of coarfenefs or rudenefs.
This muft be done, and I would fain fee
Mortal fo fturdy as to gainfay. Hudibras:
Afurdy hardened finner (hall advance to the utmoft pitch
of impiety with lefs reluctance than he took the firft fteps,
whilft his confcience was yet vigilant and tender. Atterbury.
Aw’d by that houfe, accuftom’d to command,
The furdy kerns in due fubje&ion ftand.
Nor bear the reins in any foreign hand. Dryden.
2. Strong; forcible.
The ill-apparelled knight now had gotten the reputation of
fome furdy lout, he had fo well defended himfelf. Sidney.
Ne ought hisfurdy ftrokes might ftand before.
That high trees overthrew, and rocks in pieces tore. F.
3. Stiff; ftout.
He was not of any delicate contexture, his limbs rather
furdy than daihty. IVotton.
Sturdief oaks
Bow’d their ftiff necks, loaden with ftorrhy blafts,
Or torn up fheer. Milton’s Par. Reg.
Stu'rgeon. n.f [fturio, turfio, Latin.] A fea-fi(h.
It is part of the fcutellated bone of a furgeon, being flat, of
a porous or cellular conftitution on one fide, the cells being
worn down, and fmooth on the other. Woodward.
Sturk. n.f [ytype, Saxon.] A young ox or heifer. Bailey.
Thus they are ftill called in Scotland.
ToSTUT. } v. ». [futten, to hinder, Dutch.] To fpeak
To STUTTER. \ with hefitation; tb Hammer.
Diversfut: the caufe is the refrigeration of the tongue, where¬
by it is lets apt to move ; and therefore naturalsyibtf. Bacon.
Stu'tter,
.
S T U STD
ST'u'TTE'k. ?**•/• [fromJut,] One that {peaks with hefitaStu’tterer. ) tion j a ftammerer.
Manyflutters are very cholerickj, choler inducing a drynefs
in the tongue. Bacons Natural Hiflory.
Sty. n.f. [yctge, Saxon.}
1. A cabbin to keep hogs in.
Tell Richmond,
That in thefly of this moft bloody boar;
My Ton George Stanley is frank’d up in hold. Shake/. R. III.
When her hogs had mifs’d their way,
Th’ untoward creatures to thcfly I drove,
And whiffl'd all the way. Gay.
May thy black pigs lie warm in littlefly.
And have no thought to grieve them ’till they die. King.
2. Any place of beftial debauchery.
They all their friends and native home forget,
To roll with pleafure in a fenfualfly. Milton.
With what eafe
Might’ll thou expel this monfler from his throne,
Now made afly. Milton's P.aradije Regain'd.
To Sty. v. a. [from the noun.] To (hut up in a fty.
Here youfly me
In this hard rock, while you do keep from me
The reft of th’ ifland. Shakefpeare's Tempefl.
To Sty. v.n. Tofoar; to afeend. Spenfer.
Sty'gian. adj. [flygius, Latin.] Hellifti; infernal; pertain¬
ing to Styx, one of the poetical rivers of hell.
At that fo fudden blaze the Stygian throng
Bent their afpeCt. Milton.
Style, n.f [Jlylus, Latin.]
1. Manner of writing with regard to language.
Happy
That can tranflate the ftubbornnefs of fortune
Into fo quiet, and fo fweet aflyle. Shakefpeare.
Their beauty I will rather leave to poets, than venture upon
fo tender and nice a fubjeCt with my fevererflyle. More.
Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of
aflile. Swift.
Let fome lord but own the happy lines.
How the wit brightens, and theflyle refines. Pope.
2. Manner of fpeaking appropriate to particular characters.
Noflyle is held for bafe, where love well named is. Sidney.
There was never yet philofopher.
That could endure the toothach patiently.
However they have writ theflyle of gods.
And make a pifh at chance and fufferance. Shakefpeare.
3. Title; appellation.
Ford’s a knave, and I will aggravate hisflile; thou flhalt
know him for knave and cuckold. Shakefpeare.
The king gave them in his commiffion theflyle and appella¬
tion which belonged to them. Clarendon.
O virgin ! or what other name you bear
Above thatflyle; O more than mortal fair !
Let not an humble fuppliant fue in vain. Dryden's fEn.
Propitious hear our pray’r.
Whether the flyle of Titan pleafe thee more,
Whofe purple rays th’ Achaemenes adore. Pope's Statius.
4. Courle of writing. Unufual.
While his thoughts the ling’ring day beguile,
To gentle Arcite let us turn ourflyle. Dryden.
5. A pointed iron ufed anciently in writing on tables of wax.
6. Any thing with a fharp point, as a graver; the pin of a dial.
Placing two fliles or needles of the fame fteel, touched
with the lame loadftone, when the one is removed but half a
fpan, the other would ftand like Hercules’s pillars. Brown.
7. The ftalk which rifes from amid the leaves of a flower.
Style is the middle prominent part of the flower of a plant,
which adheres to the fruit or feed: ’tis ufually {lender and
long, whence it has its name. fhtincy.
The figure of the flower-leaves, {lamina, apices,flile, and
feed-veflel. Roy.
&. Style of Court, is properly the praClice obferved by any court
in its way of proceeding. Aylffe s Parergon.
To Style, v. a. [from the noun.] To call; to term; to
name.
The chancellor of the Exchequer they had no mind fhould
beflylcd a knight. Clarendon.
Err not that fo fhall end
The ftrife which thou call’fl evil, butweflyle
The ftrife of glory. Milton’s Paradife Lofl.
Fortune’s gifts, my actions
Mayflile their own rewards. Denham's Sophy.
Whoever backs his tenets with authorities, thinks he ought
to carry the caufe, and is ready to flile it impudence in any one
who (hall ftand out. Locke.
His conduCt might have made himJiii'd :
A father, and the nymph his child. Swift.
Sty'ptick. adj. [fWlotoj; flyptique, Fr. This is ufually writtenfliptick. See Stiptick.] The fame as aftringent; but
generally exprefles the molt efficacious fort of aftringents, or
thofe which are applied to flop haemorrhages. Ppuincy.
Fruits of trees and Ihrubs contain ghlegm, oil, and an
eflential fait, by which they are fharp, fweet, four orflyptich
Arbuthuot on Aliments.
Stypti’city. n.f. [Viopex\yJlipticity.] The power of flinch¬
ing blood.
Cathdrticks of mercurials precipitate the vifeidities by their
flypticity, and mix with all animal acids. Floyer.
1 o Sty thy. v.a. [See Stithy.] To forge on an anvil.
# By the forge thatflythy’d Mars his helm.
I’ll kill thee every where, vea, o’er and o’er. Shakefpeare.
Sua'sible. adj. [from Juadeo, Latin.] Eafy to be perfuaded.
Sua'sive. adj. [from fuadeo, Lat.] Having power to perfuade.
It had the paffions in perfeCt fubje&ion; and though its
command over them was but fuafivc and political, yet it had
the force of coadion, and defpotical. South's Sermons.
Sua'sory. adj. [fiafrius, Latin.] Having tendency to per¬
fuade.
Sua'vity. n.f. [fuavite, French ; fuavitas, Latin.]
1. Sweetnefs to the fenfes.
She defired them for rarity, pulchritude, and fuavity. Brown.
2. Sweetnefs to the mind.
Sub, in compofition, fignifies a fubordinate degree.
Suba'cid. adj. [fub and acidus, Latin.] Sour in a fmall de¬
gree.
The juice of the flem is like the chyle in the animal body*
not fufficiently concoCted by circulation, and is commonlyfubacid in all plants. Arbuthnot on Aliment.
Suba'crid. adj. [fub and acrid.] Sharp and pungent in a fmall
degree.
The green choler of a cow tailed fweet, bitter, fubacrid, or
a little pungent, and turned fyrup of violets green. Floyer.
TqSuba'ct. v.a. [fubaftus, Latin.] To reduce; to fubdue.
Tangible bodies have no pleafure in the confort of air, but
endeavour tofuhaft it into a more denfe body. Bacon.
Suba'ction. n.f. [fubadius, Latin.] The aCt of reducing to
any ftate, as of mixing two bodies completely, or beating any
thing to a very fmall powder.
There are of concoCiion two periods : the one affimilation,
or abfolute converfion and fubadiion; the other maturation;
whereof the former is' moft confpicuous in living creatures, in
which there is an abfolute converfion and affimilation of the
nourifhment into the body. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
Su'baltern. adj. [Jubalterne, French.] Inferiour; fubordi¬
nate ; that which in different refpeCls is both fuperiour and in¬
feriour. It is ufed in the arm,y of all officers below a captain.
There had like to have been a duel between two fubalterns,
upon a difpute which fhould be governor of Portfmouth. Add.
Love’sfubalterns, a duteous band.
Like watchmen round their chief appear ;
Each had his lanthorn in his hand.
And Venus, mafk’d, brought up the rear. Prior.
One, while a Jubaltern officer, was every day complaining
againft the pride of colonels towards their officers; yet after
he received his commiffion for a regiment, he confefled the
fpirit of colonelfhip was coming fall upon him, and it daily
increafed to his death. Swift.
This fort of univerfal ideas, which may either be confidered
as a genus or fpecies, is called fubcltern. ' Watts.
Subalte'rnate. adj. [Jubalternus, Latin.] Succeeding by
turns. Di£t.
Subastri'ngent. adj. [fub and aflringent.] Aftringent in a
fmall degree.
Subbe'adle. n.f. [fub and beadle.] An under beadle.
They ought not to execute thofe precepts byfimple mefiengers, orfubbeadles, but in their own perfons. Aylijfe's Parerg.
Subcele'stial. adj. [fub and celeflial.] Placed beneath the
heavens.
The moft refined glories of fubceleflial excellencies are but
more faint refemblances of thefe. Glanv. Scepf.
Subcha'nter. n.f [fub and chanter; fuccentor, Lat.] The
deputy of the precentor in a cathedral.
Subcla'vian. adj. [fub and clavus, Latin.]
Subclavian is applied to any thing under the armpit or {houlder, whether artery, nerve, vein, or mufcle. Quincy.
The liver, though feated on the right fide, yet, by thefubclavian divifion, doth equi-diflantly communicate its aClivity
unto either arm. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
1 he chyle firft mixeth with the blood in the fubclavian
vein, and enters with it into the heart, where it is very im¬
perfectly mixed, there being no mechanifm nor fermentation
to convert it into blood, which is effected by the lungs. Arb.
Subconstella'tion. n.f. [ fub and conflellation.] A fubordi¬
nate or fecondary conflellation.
As to the picture of the feven ftars, if thereby be meant
thd pleiades, orJubconflellaticn upon the'back of 1 aurus, with
what congruity they aredefcribed in a clear night an ordinary
eye maydifeover. Browns l ulgar Errours.
Subco’ntrary. adj. [fub and contrary.] Contrary in an in¬
feriour degree.
If two particular propofitions differ in quality, they arefubcontraries; as, fome vine is a tree: fome vine is not a
tree. Thefe may be both true together, but they can never
be both falfe. Watts.
a Subcontracted.
SUB
Surcontra'cted. part. adj. [fub and contra^.ed.] Contra£lcd
alter a former contrail.
Your claim,
I bar it in the intereft of my wife;
’Tis fhe isfubcontrafled to this lord,
And I her hufband contradiit your bane?. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Subcutaneous, adj. [fub and cutaneous.] Lying under the
fk-in. . _ .
Subde'acon. n.f. [ fubdeaconus, Latin.]
Jn the Romith church they have a fubdeaco*?, who is the
deacon’s fervant. A) life's Parergon.
Subde'an. n.f. [fttbdecanus^ Lat.] The vicegerent of a dean.
Whenever the dean and chapter confirm any ait, that fuch
confirmation may be valid, the dean mult join in perfon, and
not in the perfon of a deputy or fubdean only. Ayliffe.
Subdecu'ple. adj. [fub and decuplus, Lat.] Containing one
part of ten.
Subderiso'rious. adj. [fub and derifor.] Scoffing or ridi¬
culing with tendernefs and delicacy.
This jubderijorious mirth is far from giving any offence to Us :
it is rather a pleafant condiment ol our converlation. Adore.
Subditi'tious. adj. [fubdititius, Latin.] Put fecretly in the
place of fomething elfe.
To Subdive'rsify. v. a. [fub and diverffy.] To diverfify
again what is already diverfified.
The fame wool one man felts into a nat, another weaves it
into cloth, another into arras; and thefe \znowftyfubdiverfified according to the fancy of the artificer. hale.
To Subdivide, v. a. [Jubdivfer, French; fub and divide.]
To divide a part into yet more parts.
In the rife of eight, in tones, there be two beemols, or half
notes; fo as if you divide the tones equally, the eight is but
feven whole and equal notes; and if youfubdivide that into
half notes, as in the flops of a lute, it muketh the number
^cm Paeon s Nat. Ldijiory.
When Brutus and Caffius were overthrown, foon after Antonius and Oitavianus brake andfubdivided. Bacon.
The glad father glories in his child,
. When he canfubdivide a fraction. Rnfcommon.
When the progenies of Cham and Japhet fwarmed into
colonies, and thofe colonies wereJubuivided into many others,
in time their defendants loft the primitive rites of divine
worfhip, retaining only the notion of one deity. . Drydcn.
Subdivision, n. /. [fubd.vifton, French; from fubdivide.]
1. The ait of fubdividing.
When any. of the parts of any idea are farther divided, in
order to a clear explication of the whole, this is called afubdivifon; as when a year is divided into months, each month
into days, and each day into hours, which may be farther fub¬
divided into minutes and feconds Watts’s Logick.
2. The parts diftinguifhed by a fecond divifion.
How can we fee fuch a multitude of fouls caft under fo
many fubdivifins of mifery, without reflecting on the abfurdity of a government that facrifices the happinefs of fo many
reafonable beings to the glory of one? Addfon.
In the decimal table the fubdivifions of the cubit, as fpan,
palm, and digit, are deduced from the fhorter cubit. Arbuthn.
Su'rdoloUS. adj. [fubdolus, Latin.] Cunning; fubtle; fly.
T o Soedu CE. Xv,a. [fubduco. fubduP.us, Latin.]
To Subduct. J j
1. To- withdraw; to take away.
Or nature fail’d in me, and left fome part
Not proof enough luch object to fuftain;
Or from my fide Jubdufling7 took perhaps
More than enough. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
2. To fubftrait by arithmetical operation.
Take the other operation of arithmetick, fubduilion : if out
of that fuppofed infinite multitude of antecedent generations
we fhould fubduce ten, the refidue mull be lefs by ten than it
was before, and yet ftill the quotient niuft be infinite. Hale.
Suedu'ction. n.f [fromJubduft ]
1. The ait of taking away.
Poflibly the Divine Beneficence fubduiting that influence,
which it communicated from the time of their firft creation,
• they were kept in a ftate of immortality ’till that moment of
the fubdudim. Hale's Origin of Mankind,
2. Arithmetical fubftraition.
Suppofe we take the other operation of arithmetick,fubduction: if out of that infinite multitude of antecedent genera¬
tions we fhould fubduit ten, the refidue muft be lefs by ten
than it was before thatfubduftion, and yet ftill the quotient be
infinite. Hale.
To SUBDU'E. v. a. [from fubdo, orfubjugo, Latin.]
1. To cruft’.; to opprefs ; to fink; to overpower.
Nothing could have Jubdu d nature
To fuch a lownefs, but his unkind daughters. Shakefpeare.
Them that rofe up againft me, haft thou jubdued under me.
2 Sa. xxii. 40.
If aught were worthy tofubdue
The foul of man. Milton,
• 2?. To conquer; to reduce under a new dominion.
Be fruitful, and replenifh the earth, and Jubdue it. Gen, i. 28.
SUB
Auguftus C-.efarfulduedEgypt to the Roman empire. Peach.
To overcome in battle, and fubdue
Nations, and bring home fpoils. Alilfon.
The Romans made thofe times the ftandard of their wit,,
when theyjubdued the world. Sprat.
3.To tame; to fubait.
Nor is’t unwholfome to fubdue the land
By often exercife; and where before
You broke the earth, again to plow. May's Virgil.
Subdu'ement. n j. [from fubdue.] Conqueft. A word not
ufed, nor worthy to be ufed.
I have feen thee.
As hot as Perfeus, fpur thy Phrygian fteed.
Bravely defpiiing forfeits and fubdi em nts. Shakefpeare'.
Subdu'er. n.J. [from fubdue] Conquerour ; tamer.
Great god of might, that reigneth in the mind,
And all the body to thy heft do II frame;
Victor of gods, fubduer of mankind,
That do’ft the lions and fell tyv ers tame,
Who can exprefs the glory of thy might? Spenfer.
T heir curious eye
Difcerns their great Jubduer’s awful mien
And correfpondirig features fair. Philips.
Figs are great Jubdue s of acrimony, ufeful in hoarfertefs
and coughs, and extremely emollient. Jrbutknot.
Subdu'ple. } adj. [ jubdupl, Fr. fub and duplus, Latin ]
Subdupucate. ^ Oontaini i.g one part of two.
As one of thefe under pulleys doth abate half of that heavinefs which the weight hath in itfelf, and caufe the power to
be in a fubduple proportion unto it, fo two of them do abate
half of that which remains, and caufe a fubquadruple propor¬
tion, and three a lubfextuple. Wilkins’s Math. Mag.
The motion generated by the forces in th. whole paffage of
the body or thing through that fpace, fhall be in afubduplicatc
proportion of the forces. Newton’s Opt.
Subja'cent. adj. [ft/bjacens, Latin.] Lying under.
The fuperficial parts of rocks and mountains are walhed
away bv rains, and borne down upon the Jubjacer.t plains. Wood
To oUBJE'CT. v.a. [fubjektus, Latin.]
1. To put under.
The angel led them direct, and down the cliff as faft
To thefubjctlcd plain. MJi.ton,
The medal bears each form and name:
In one fliort view, fubjethd to our eve,
Gods, emp’rors, heroes, fages, beauties lie. Pope.
2. To reduce to fubmiffion; to make fubordinate; to make
fubmiffive.
Think not, young warriors, your diminifli’d name
Shall iofe of luftre, by Jub cdling rage
To the cool dictates of experie c’d age. Dryden;
3. Toenflave; to make obnoxious.
I live on bread like you, feel want like you,
Tafte grief, need friends, like you . f bjecied thus,
How can vou fay to me, I am a king ? Shakej'p. Rich. II;
I fee thee, in that fatal hour,
Subjected to the victor’s cruel pow’r,
Led hence a Have. Dryden.
The blind will always be led by thofe that fee, or fall into
the ditch : and he is the moftf.bjecied, the moft enflaved, who
is fo in his underftanding. Locke.
4. To expofe; to make liable.
If the veifeis yield, it fubjefts the perfon to all t!.e inconveniencies of an erroneous circulation. A: buihnot.
5. Tofubmit; to make accountable.
God is not bound to jubjedl his ways of operation to the
ferutiny of our thoughts, and confine himfeif to do nothing
but what we muft comprehend. Lake.
6. To make fubfervient.
Subjected to his lervice angel-wings. Milton.
Su'bject. adj. [JubjefluS) Latin.]
1. Placed or fituated under.
Th’ eaftern tower,
Whofe height commands, asfubjett, all the vale
To fee the fight. Shakefp. Troilus and C cffida.
2. Living under the dominion of another.
Efau was neverJubjeft to Jacob, but founded a diftinct people
and government, and was himfeif prince over them. Locke.
3. Expofed; liable; obnoxious.
MoftJubjett is the fatteft foil to weeds ;
And he the noble image of my youth
Is overfpread with them. Shakefpeare.
Ail human thirgs are fubjefl to decay,
And when fate fummons, monarchs muft obey. Dryden.
4. Being that on which any action operates, whether intellectual
or material.
I enter into thefubjeSi matter of my difeourfe. Dryden.
Su'bject. n.f. [fujet, French.]
I, One who lives under the dominion of another.
Everyfubjefi’s duty is the king’s.
But everyfubjett's foul is his own. Shakefpeare’s Henry V.
NeverJ'ubjeft long'd to be a king,
As I do long and with to be afubjeft. Shakefp. Henry VI.
25 N The
S WB
The fubjeft muft obey his prince, becaufe God commands
It, human laws require it. Swift.
T hofe I call fubjefts which are governed by the ordinary
laws and magiftrates of the fovereign. . Davies.
WereJubjefts fo but only by their choice.
And not from birth did forc’d dominion take,
Our prince alone would have the publick voice. Dryden.
T. That on which any operation either mental or material is per¬
formed.
Now fpurs the hated traveller apace,
To gain the timely inn, and near approaches
The fubjeft of our watch. Shakcfpeare’s Macbeth.
Thisfubjeft for heroick fong pleas’d me. Milton.
Here he would have us fix our thoughts; nor are they too
dry a fubjeft for our contemplation. Dec y of Piety.
I will not venture on fo nice a fubjeft with my feverer ftyle.
More.
Make choice of a fubjeft beautiful and noble, which being
capable of a,l the graces that colours, and elegance of defign
can give, {hall afford a perfect art, an ample field of matter
wherein to expatiate. Dtyden.
The fubjeft of a proportion is that concerning which any
thing is affirmed or denied. Watts s Logic/;.
My real defign is, that of publifhing your praifes to the
world; not upon the fubjeft of your noble birth. Swift.
3. That in which any thing inheres or exifts.
Anger is certainly a kind of bafenefs, as it appears well in
the weaknefs of thofefuljefts in whom it reigns, children, wo¬
men, old folks, fick folks. Bacon.
4. [In Grammar.] The nominative cafe to a verb, is called by
Grammarians thefubjeft of the verb. Clarke s Lat. Gram.
Subje ction. n.f [from fubjeft.]
1. The a£f of fubduing.
After the conqueft of the kingdom and fubjeftion of the re¬
bels, enquiry was made who there were that fighting againft
the king had faved themfelves by flight. Hale.
2. [Sujettion, Fr.] The ftate of being under government.
Becaufe the fubjeftion of the body to the will is by natural
neceffity, the fubjeftion of the will unto God voluntary ; we
therefore Hand in need of direfficn after what fort our wills
and defires may be rightly conformed to his. Hooker.
How hard it is now for him to frame himfelf tofubjeftion,
that having once fet before his eyes the hope of a kingdom,
hath found encouragement. Spenfer.
Both in fubjebhon now to fenfual appetite. Milton.
Subje'ctive. adj. [fromfubjeft.'] Relating not to the objedt
but the fubjedt.
Certainty, according to the fchools, is diftinguifhed into
cbjedlive and fubjeftive: objective is when the propofition is
certainly true in itfelf; and fubjeftive, when we are certain of
the truth of it. Watts.
Subingre'ssion. n.f. [fub and ingreffus, Latin.] Secret en¬
trance.
The prefiure of the ambient air is {Lengthened upon the acceffion of the air fucked out; which, forceth the neigh¬
bouring air to a violentfubingreffion of its parts. Boyle.
To Subjoin, v. a. [fab andjoindre, French] fubjungo, Latin.]
To add at the end; to add afterwards.
^ He makes an excufe from ignorance, the only thing that
could take away the fault; namely, that he knew not that
he was the high-prieft, and fubjoins a reafon. South’s Sermons.
Subita'neous. adj. [fubitaneus, Latin.] Sudden; hafty.
To SU'JSJUGATE, v. a. [fubjuguer, Fr. fubjugo, Latin. ] To
conquer; tofubdue; to bring under dominion by force.
O fav’rite virgin that haft warm’d the breaft,
Whofe fov’reign dictatesfubjugate the eaft ! Prior.
Hefubjugated a king, and called him his vaflal. Baker.
Subjuga'tion. n.f [from fubjugate.] The adl of fubduing.
This was the condition of the learned part of the world, atter theirfuljugation by the Turks. Hale.
SUBJU'N CTION. n.f. [Bomfubjungo, Latin.] The ftate
of being fubjoined; the adt of fubjoining.
The verb undergoes in Greek a different formation ; and
in dependence upon, or fubjunftion to fome other verb. Clarke.
Su'bjunctive. adj. [ fubjunftivus,Latin; fubjonettf Fr.]
1. Subjoined to fomething elfe.
2. [In Grammar.]
The verb undergoes in Greek a different formation, tofignify the fame intentions as the indicative, yet not abfolutely
but relatively to fome other verb, which is called thefubjunftive mood. Clarke.
Su'blapsary. adj. [fub and lapfus, Latin.] Done after the
fall of man.
Suela'tion. n.f. [fublatio, Latin.] The adl of taking away.
Subeeva'tion. n.f [fublevoy Latin.] The adt of raifing on
high.
Subli'mable. adj. [from fublime.] Poffible to be fublimed.
Subli'mableness, n.f [fromfublimable.] Quality of admit¬
ting fublimation.
He obtained another concrete as to tafte and fmell, and eafy
fublitnablenejs, as common fait armoniack. Boyle.
Sublimate, n.f. [fromfublime.]
SUB
1. Any thing railed by fire in the retort.
Enquire the manner of fubliming, and what metals endure
fubliming, and w'hat body thefubiimate makes. Bacon.
1. Quickfilver raffed in the retort.
The particles of mercury uniting with the acid particles of
fpiritof fait compofe mercuryfubiimate, and with the particles
of fulphur, cinnaber. Newton’s Opticks.
To Su blimate. v. a. [from fublime.]
1. 1 o raife by the force of chemical fire.
2. To exalt; to heighten; to elevate.
Not only the grofs and illiterate fouls, but the moft aerial
and fublimated are rather the more proper fuel for an immate¬
rial fire. Decay of Piety.
The precepts ofChriftianity arefo excellent and refined, and
fo apt tocleanfeand fubiimate the more grofs arid corrupt, as
fhews flefh and blood never-revealed it. Decay ofPiety.
Sublimation. n.J. [fublimation, Fr. Bomfublimat .]
1. A chemical operation which raifes bodies in the veflel by the
force of fire.
Sublimation differs very little from diftillation, excepting that
in diftillation, only the fluid parts of bodies are raifed, but
in this the folid and dry; and that the matter to be diftilled
may be either folid or fluid, butfublimation is only concerned
about folid fubffances. There is alfo another difference, name¬
ly, that rarefadlion, which is of very great ufe in diftillation,
has hardly any room in fublimation; for the fubffances which
are to be fublimed being folid are incapable of rarefadlion ;
and fo it is only impulle that can raife them. * Pfuincy.
Separation is wrought by weight, as in the fettlement oi7
liquors, by heat, by precipitation orfublimation ; that is a cal¬
ling of the feveial parts up or down, which is a kind of at¬
traction. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Since oil o^ fulphur per campanam is of the fame nature
with oil of vitriol, may it not be inferred that fulphur is a
mixture of volatile and fixed parts fo ftrongly cohering by at¬
traction, as to afeend together byfublimation. Newt. Opt.
2. Exaltation; elevation; adt of heightning or improving.
She turns
Bodies to fpirits, byfublimathn ftrange. Davies.
Shall he pretend to religious attainment?, who is defective
and ffiort in moral, which are but the rudiments and firft
draught of religion, as religion is the perfection, refinement,
and Jublimation of morality ? South.
SUBLFME. adj. [fublimis, Latin.]
1. High in place; exalted aloft.
They fum’d their pens, and foaring th’ airfublime
With clang defpis’d the ground. Milton»
SiAlhne on thefe a tow’r of fteel is rear’d.
And dire Tifiphone there keeps the ward. Dryden,
2. High in excellence; exalted by nature.
My earthly {trained to the height
In that celeftiai colloquy fublime. Milton.
Can it be, that foulsfublime
Return to vifit our terreftrial clime;
And that the gen rous mind releas’d by death,
Can cover lazy limbs ? Dryden.
3. High in ftile or fentiment; lofty; grand.
Eafy in ftile, thy work in fenfefublime. Prior.
4. Elevated by joy.
All yet left of that revolted rout,
Heav’n-fall’n, in ftation flood or juft array.
Sublime with expectation. Milton,
Their hearts were jocund and fublime,
Drunk with idolatry, drunk with wine. Milton.
5. Haughty; proud.
He was fublime, and almoft tumorous in his looks and geftures. Wctton.
Subli'me. n.f. The grand or lofty ftile, Dhe fublime is a
Gallicifra, but now naturalized.
Longinus {Lengthens all his laws,
And is himfelf the greatfublime he draws. Pope.
The fublime rifes from the noblenelsof thoughts, the magni¬
ficence of the words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the
phrafe; the perfectfublime arifes from all three together. Adaif.
To Subli'me. v. a. [fublimer, Fr. from the adjedtivc.j
1. To raife by a chemical fire.
Study our manuferipts, thofe myriads
Of letters, which have paft ’twixt thee and me.
Thence write our annals, and in them leftons be
To all, whom love’s fubliming fire invades. Dctmr.
2. To raife on high.
Although thy trunk be neither large nor {Long,
Nor can thy head, not helpt, itfelffublime,
Yet, like a ferpent, a tall tree can climb. Denham.
3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve.
Flow’rs, and then fruit,
Man’s nouriftiment, by gradual fcaltfubhmd
To vital fpirits afpire. _ . Miiton.
The fancies of moft are moved by the inward fprings of the
corporeal machine, which even in the moft/«i//Tt</intelledluals is dangeroufly influential. G.anviile.
Art
SUB
Art being {lengthened by the knowledge of things, may
pafs into nature by flow degrees, and fo be Jublirncd into a pure
genius which is capable of diflinguifliing betwixt the beauties
of nature and that which is low in her. Dryden's Dufrefnoy,
Meanly they feck the blefling to confine,
And force that fun but on a part to fhine j
Which not alone the fouthern witjublimes>
But ripens fpirits in cold northern climes. Pope.
To Subli'me. v. n. To rife in the chemical veflel by the force
of fire. t
The particles of fal ammoniack in fublimation carry up the
particles of antimony, which will notfublime alone. Newt. Opt.
This fait is fixed in a gentle fire, and fublimes in a great
one. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Subli'mely. adv. [from fublime.'] Loftily ; grandly.
This fuftian’s fofublimely bad ;
It is not poetry, but profe run mad. Pope.
Sublimity, n.f. [fromfublime-, fublimitf Yx.fublimitas^ Lat.]
1. Height of place; local elevation.
2. Height of nature; excellence.
As religion looketh upon him who in majefty and power
is infinite, as we ought we account not of it, unlefs we efteem
it even according to that very height of excellency which our
hearts conceive, when divine fublimity itfelf is rightly confidered. Hooker.
In refpedt of God’s incomprehenfible fublimity and purity,
this is alfo true, that God is neither a mind, nor a fpirit like
other fpirits, nor a light fuch as can be difcerned. Raleigh.
3. Loftinefs of ftyle or fentiment.
Milton’s diftinguifliing excellence lies in the fublimity of his
thoughts, in the greatnefs of which he triumphs over all the
poets, modern and ancient, Homer only excepted. Addifcn.
Subli'ngual. adj, [fublingual, French ;fub and lingua^ Lat.j
Placed under the tongue.
Thofe fubliming humours fhould be intercepted, before they
mount to the head, by fublingual pills. Harvey on Confumption.
Suelu'nar. \adj. [Jublunaire, Fr.fub and luva, Latin.] SiSi/b lunary. ) tuated beneath the moon ; earthly ; teireftrial;
of this world.
Dullfublunary lovers, love,
Whofe foul is fenfe, cannot admit
Of abfence, ’caufe it doth remove
The thing which elemented it. Donne.
Night meafur’d, with her fhadowy cone,
Halfway up hill this vaftfublunar vault. Milton,
Through Teas of knowledge we our courfe advance,
Difcov’ring {till new worlds of ignorance j
And thefe difcov’ries make us all confefs
Thatfublunary fcience is but guefs. Denham.
The celeftial bodies above the moon being not fubjedt to
chance, remained in perpetual order, while all thingsfublunary
are fubject to change. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
Ovid had warn’d her to beware
Of {trolling gods, whofe ufual trade is.
Under pretence of taking air.
To pick up fublunary ladies. Swift.
Submarine, adj. [fub and mare.] Lying or acting under the
fea.
This contrivance may feem difficult, becaufe thefe fubmarine navigators will want winds and tides tor motion, and the
fight of the heavens for direction. Wilkins.
Shakefpeare.
Milton,
Not only the herbaceous and woody fubmarine plants, but
alfo the lithophyta affectt this manner of growing, as I obferved in corals. Ray on the Creation.
To SUBME RGE, v. a. [fubmergny Yx.fubmergo, Lat.] To
drown ; to put under water.
So half my Egypt were fubmerg’d and made
A ciftern for fcal’d fnakes. Shakefpeare1s Ant. and Cleopatra.
Su bme'rsion. n.f [fubmerfon, Fr. from fubmerfus, Latin.]
The act of drowning; {late of being drowned.
The great Atlantick ifland is mentioned in Plato’s Timseus,
almoft contiguous to the wei'iern parts of Spain and Africa,
yet wholly fwallowed up by that ocean : which if true, might
afford a paffage from Africa to America by land before that
fubmerjisn. Hale’s Origination ofMankind.
To Submi'nistER. \v.a. [_fubminiflro, Latin.] To fupTo Submi nistrate. J ply 3 to afford. A word not much
in ufe.
Somethings have been difcovered5> not only by the induflry
of mankind, but even the inferiour animals have fubminiflred
unto man the invention of many things, natural, artificial,
and medicinal. Hale’s Original ofMankind.
Nothingfubminiflrates apter matter to be converted into
peffilent feminaries, than fleams of natty folks. Harvey.
To Submi'nister. v. n. To fubfe’rve.
Our paffions, as fire and water, are good fervants, but bad
matters, and fubminijler to the bett and worft of purpofes.
L’Eftrange.
Submits, adj. [fromfubmfflus, Lat.] Humble; fubmiffive;
obfequious. • , Ifisioqio>>-
King James mollified by the bifhop’sfubmfs and eloquent
letters, wrote back, that though he were in |>art moved by his
SUB
letters, yet he fhoukl not be fully fatisfied except he fpake
with him. . B con’s Henry VII.
Nearer his prefence, Adam, though not aw’d,
Yet with fubmfs approach, and reverence meek,
As to a fuperior nature, bowed low. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
Rejoicing, but with awe.
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submifs: he rear’d me. Milton,
Submission, n.f. [foumiffton, Fr. from fubmiffus, Latin.]
1. Delivery of himfelf to the power of another.
Sulmiffion, Dauphin! ’tis ameer French word,
We Englifh warriors wot not what it means. Shakefpeare.
2. Acknowledgement of inferiority or dependance; humble or
fuppliant behaviour.
In allfubmiffion and humility,
York doth prelent himfelf unto your highnefs. Shakefpeare,
Great prince, by thatfubmiffim you’ll gain more
Than e’er your haughty courage won before. Halifax,
3. Acknowledgment of a fault; confeffion of errour.
Be not as extreme in fibmijfion, as in offence. Shakefpeare.
4. Obfequioufnefs ; refignation; obedience.
No duty in religion is more juffly required by God Almigh¬
ty than a perfect fubmiffion to his will in all things. Temple,
Submissive, adj. [fubmiffus, Lat.] Humble; teftifying fub¬
miffion or inferiority.
On what fubmiffive meffage art thou ferlt ?
Her at his feetfubmiffive in diffrefs
He thus with peaceful words uprais’d.
Sudden from the golden throne,
With a fubmiffive ftep I halted down ;
The glowing garland from my hair I took.
Love in my heart, obedience in my look. Prior.
SubmFssively. aelv. [froxx\ fubmiffive.] Humbly; with con¬
feffion of inferiority.
The goddefs.
Soft in her tone, fubmjjively replies. Dryden’s /Endcl.
Speech ev’n therefubmifftvely withdraws ~i
From rights of iubjedts, and tire poor man’s caufe; >
Then pompous filence reigns, and {tills the noify laws. 3
P'pe.
Submi ssiveness. n. f. [fromfubm'ffive ] Humility; conleffion of fault, or inferiority.
It thou fin in wine and wantonnefs,
Boaft not thereof, nor make thy firame thy glory;
Frailty gets pardon by fubmiffiveoefs>
But he that boafts, {huts that out of his ftory :
He makes flat war with God, and doth defy.
With his poor clod of earth, the fpacious iky. Herbert.
Submi ssly. adv. [from fubmfs.] Humbly; with fubmiffion.
Humility confiffs, not in wearing mean cloaths, and going
foftly and jubmijsly, but in hearty mean opinion of thy falff
Taylor.
To SUBMFT. v.a. [foumettre^ Yx.fubmitto, Latin.]
1. To let down ; to fink.
Sometimes the hill fubmits itfelf a while
In fmall defeents, which do its height beguile.
And fometimes mounts, but fo as billows play,
Whofe rife not hinders, but makes fhort our way. Dryden.
Neptune flood,
With all his hofts of waters at command,
Beneath them to fubmit th’ officious flood,
And with his trident fhov’d them off' the fand. Dryden.
2. To fubjedt; to refign without refiftance to authority.
Return to thy miitrefs, andfubmit thyfeif under her hands.
Gen. xvi. 5.
Will ye fubmit your neck, and chufe to bend
The fupple knee ? Milto.7.
3. To leave to diferetion ; to refer to judgment.
Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a hea¬
vy burden, is fubmitted to the houfe. Swft.
To Submi't. v. n. To be fubjedl; to acquiefce in the autho¬
rity of another; to yield.
To thy hufband’s will
Thine fhz\\fubmit: he over thee {hall rule. Milton.
Our religion requires from us, not only to forego pleafure
but to fubmit to pain, affliction, difgrace, and even death!
Rogers’s Sermons.
Submu ltiple. n.f A fumbmultiple number or quantity is
that which is contained in another number, a certain number
of times exadtly : thus 3 isfubmultiple of 21, as being contained
in it feven times exadlly. Harris
Su bgcta've. I adj. [ fub and ottavw> Lat. and cfluple.] Corn
Suboctu'ple. ) taining one part of eight.
As one of thefe under pulleys abates half of that heavinefs
ofthe weight, and caufes the power to be in a fubduple proaortion, fo two of them abate half of that which remains, 2nd
caulea fubquadruple proportion, three a fubfextuple, tour a
U °\iK \ n j l WMins’s Mathematical Ad.gick.
Had they ereded the cube of a foot for their principal con¬
cave, and geometrically taken its fuboHave, the congius, from
. the cube of halt a foot, they would have, divided the con¬
gius into eight parts, each of which w'ouid have been regu-*
larly
SUB SUB
larly the cube of a quarter foot, their well-known palm :
this is the courfe taken for our gallon, which has the pint
for itsfubodlave. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Subo'rdinacy. I n.f. [fromfbordinated] Subordinacy is the
Subo'rdinancy. J proper and analogical word.
I.The ftate of being fubjedt.
Purfuing the imagination through all its extravagancies, is
no improper method of correcting, and bringing it to aft in
fubordinacy to reafon. Spectator.
1.Series of fubordination.
The fubordinancy of the government changing hands fo
often, makes an unfteddinefs in the purfuitof the publick interefts. Temple.
SUBORDINATE, adj. [fub and ordinatus, Latin.]
1. Inferiour in order; in nature; in dignity or power.
It wasfubordinate, not enflaved to the underftandirtg; not
as a fervant to a mafter, but as a queen to her king, who
acknowledges a fubjedtion, and yet retains a majefty.
South’s Sermons.
Whether dark prefages of the night proceed from any latent
power of the foul, during her abftradtion, or from any ope¬
ration ofJubordinate fpirits, has Deen a difpute. AddiJon.
2. Defcending in a regular feries.
The two armies were affigned to t1 e leading of two ge¬
nerals, rather courtiers than martial men, yet affiited withJibordinate commanders of gr. at experience. Bacon.
His nextJubordinate
Awak’ning, thus to him in fecret fpake. Milton.
Thefe carry fuch plain charadters of difagreement or affinity,
that the feveral kinds and Jubordinate fpecies of each are eafily
diftingu ftied. Woodxvard,
To Subordinate, v. a. [fub and ordino, Latin ] To range
under another. Not in ufe, but proper and elegant.
If I have fubordinated pidture and fculpture to architecture
as their miftrefs, fo there are other inferior arts fubordinate to
them. JPotton.
Subo'rdinately. adv. [fromfubordinate.] In a feries regu¬
larly defcending.
It being the higheft ftep of ill, to which all othersfubordinately tend, one would think it could be capable of no im¬
provement. Decay of Piety.
Subordination, n.f. \fcbordinaticn,¥r. fromJubordinate.]
1. The ftate of being inferior to another.
Nor can a council national decide.
But with fubordination to her guide. Dryden.
2. A feries regularly defcending.
If we would fuppofe a miniftry, where every fingle perfon
was of diftinguilhed piety, and all great officers of ftate and
law diligent in chufing perfons, who in their feveral f:bordi¬
nations would be obliged to follow the examples of their fuperiors, the empire of irreligion would be foon deftroyed. Swift.
To SUBORN, v. a. [fuborner, Yr.fuborno, Latin.]
1. To procure privately ; to procure by fecret collufion.
His judges were the felf-fame men by whom his accufers
Were fuborned. Hooker.
Fond wretch, thou know’ft not what thou fpeak’ft,
Or elfe thou art fubornd againft his honour
In hateful pradtice. Shakefpeare.
Reafon may meet
Some fpecious objedt, by the foefuborn’d;
And fall into deception. Milton.
His artful bofom heaves diflcmbl’d fighs ;
And tears fubornd fall dropping from his eyes. Prior.
2. To procure by indiredt means.
Behold
Thofe who by ling’ring ficknefs lofe their breath,
And thofe who by defpairfulern their death. Dryden.
SubornaTion. n.f [fubornation^Fr.homfuborn.] The crime
of procuring any to do a bad adtion.
Thomas earl of Defmond was, through falfe fubornation
of the Queen of Edward IV. brought to his death at Tredagh
moll unjuflly. Spenfer’s Ireland.
You fet the crown
Upon the head of this forgetful man.
And for his fake wear the detefted blot
Ofmurd’rousfubornation. Sbakcfp. Hen. IV.
The fear of punifhment in this life will preferve men from
few vices, fince fome of the blacked: often prove the fureft
fleps to favour; fuch as ingratitude, hypocrify, treachery, and
fubornation. Swift.
Subo'rner. n.f. [fubcrncur, Fr. from fub.rn.~\ One that
procures a bad adtion to be done.
Subpoe'na. n.f [fub and poena, Latin.] A writ command¬
ing attendance in a court under a penalty.
Subquadru'ple. adj. [fub and quadruple.] Containing one
pa t of four.
As one of thefe under pulleys abates half of that heavi¬
ng the weight hath in itfelf, and caufes the power to be in
a fubduple proportion unto it, fo two of them abate half of
that which remains, and caufe a fubquadruple proportion.
JVilkini s Mathematical Magich.
Sue quintuple, adj. [fab and quintuple.] Containing one
part of five.
If unto the lower pulley there were added another, then
the power would be unto the weight in afubquiniuple propor¬
tion. Wilkin’s Mathematical Magick.
Subre ctor, n.f [fub and redlor.] The redtor’s vicegerent.
He was chqfen Julredior of the college. Walton.
SuBRE ption. n.f. [fubreption, Yr. fubreplus, Lat.l The adt of
obtaining a favour by lurprize or unfair reprefentation. Did).
Subrepti'tious. adj. [furreptice, French;furrebtitius, Latin.]
Fraudulently obtained from a fuperior, by concealing fome
truth, which, if known, would have prevented the grant.
Bailey.
To SUBSCRIBE, v.a. [fouftrire^ Yr.fuhfcribo, Latin.}
1. To give confent to, by underwriting the name.
They united by fubfcribing a covenant, which they pre'ended to be no other than had been Jubfcribcd in the reign of
King fames, and that his Majeily himfelf had fubferibed it;
by which imposition people of all degrees engaged themfeives
in it. Clarendon*
The reader fees the names of thofe perfons by whom this
letter isfubferibed. Addifon.
2. Toatteft by writing the name.
Their parti*, ular teftimony ought to be better credited, than
fome otherfubferibed with an hundred hands. Whitg ijte.
3. To contradt; to limit. Not ufed.
The king gone to night! fulferib’d his pow’r !
Confin’d to exhibition ! all is gone. Shakefpeare.
To Subscribe, v. n.
1. To give confent.
Ofiu?, with whofe hand the Nicene creed was fet down,
and framed for the whole Chriftian world to fnbfcribe unto,
fo far yielded in the end, as even with the fame hand to ratify
the Arrians confeffion. Hooker.
Advifethee what is to be done,
And we will all fubferibe to tby advice. Shakefpeare.
If wolves had at thy gate howl’d that ftern time,
Thou fhould’ft have faid, go porter, turn the key.
All cruels elfeJubferiUd. Shakefpeare’s King Leat\
So fpake much humbled Eve; but fate
Subjcrib’dnot: nature fir# gave figns, imprefs’d
On bird, beaft, air. Milton s Parad. Left.
2. To promifea ftipulated fum fortlje promotion of any under¬
taking.
Subscriber, n.f. [from fubferiptio, Lat.]
1. One who fubferibes.
2. One who contributes to any undertaking.
Let a pamphlet come out upon a demand in a proper jun¬
cture, every one of the party who can fpare a fhilling fhall
be a fubferiber. Swift.
Subscription, n.f. [fromfubferiptio, Latin.]
1. Any thing underwritten.
'Iffie man alked, are ye Chriftians ? We anfwered we were;
fearing the lefs becaufe of the crofs we had feen in the fubfc> ip!ion. Bacon.
2. Confent or atteftation given by underwriting the name.
3. The adt or ftate of contributing to any undertaking.
The work he ply’d ;
Stocks and fubjeriptions pour on ev’ry fide.
South~fea Jubfcriptions take who pleale.
Leave me but liberty.
4. Submiffion ; obedience. Not in ufe.
1 tax not you, you elements, with unkindnefs ;
I never gave you kingdom, call’d you children.
You owe me no fubjCription. Shakejpeare’s King Lear.
Suese'ction. n.f [fub and fefiio, Latin.] A fubdivilion of
a larger fedtion into a leirer. A fedtion of a fedtion. Did?.
Su'bsequence. n f [from fubfequor, Latin.] The ftate of
following; not precedence.
By this faculty weean take notice of the order of precedence
and JubJequence in which they are paft. Grew.
Subse'cutive. adj. [from fubfequor ] Following in train.
Subseptu'ple. adj. [fub and feptuplus, Latin.] Containing
one of feven parts.
If unto this lowerpully there were added another, then the
power would be unto the weight in a fubquintuple proportion ;
if a third, a fubjeptuple. Wilkins.
SU BSEQpEN I. adj. [fubfequevtyYx.fubfequenSiY.ntvn. This
word is improperly pronounced long in the fecond fyllable by
Shakefpeare.] Following in train ; not preceding.
In fuch indexes, although fmall pricks
To theirfubjequent volumes, there is feen
The baby figure of the giant rnafs
Of things to come, at large. Shakefp. TrciL and Crcffda.
The jubfequent words come on before the precedent vinifh. Baton.
Why does each confenting fign
With prudent harmony combine
In turns to move, andfubfequent appear
To pird the globe and regulate the year ?' Prior.
Pcpe.
Pope.
This
SUB
This article is introduced as fuhfequerit to the treaty of
Munfter, made about 1648, when England was in the itfmoft
confufton. , XT r owifit.
Si bse'quently. ado. [fromfubfequent.] Not fo as to go be¬
fore j fo as to follow in train.
To men in governing molt things fall out accidentally, and
come not into anv compliance with their preconceived ends;
but they are forced to comply juljcquently, and to (trike in
with things as they fall out, by polfliminious after-applica¬
tions of them to their purpofes. South's Se>mns.
To SQBSE'RVE. v. a [Jubfervio, Latin.] To ferve in iubordination; to ferve irittrumentally.
Not made to rule.
But tofubferve where wifdom bears command. Mi'ton.
It is a greater credit to know the ways of captivating na¬
ture, and making herfubferve our purpofes, than to have learn¬
ed all the intrigues of policy. Glanville.
The memory hath no fpecial part of the brain devoted to
its own fervice, but ufes all thofe parrs which fubferve our fenfations, as well as our thinking powers. Wal/h.
Subservience. \n.f. [fromfubferve.] Inftrumental fitnefs
Subse'rvif.ncy. 5 or ufe.
Wicked fpirits may by their cunning, carry farther in a
feeming confederacy or fubjerviency to the defigns of a good
angel. _ Dryden.
vVe cannot lo k upon the body, wherein appears fo much
fitnefs, ufe, and fubjerviency to infinite functions, any otherwife than as the effed of contrivance. Bentley.
There is an immediate and agil fubfrvience of the fpirits to
the empire of the foul. Hate's Originat. ofMankind.
There is a regular fubordination and fubjerviency among all
the parts to beneficial ends. Cheyne's Philofophical Principles.
Subse'rvient. adj. [fulferviens, Latin.] Subordinate; inflrumentally ufetul.
Philofophers and common heathens believed one God, to
whom all things are referred ; but under this God they wor-
(hipped many inferior and fubfervient gods. Stillingfied.
Thefe ranks of creatures are fubfervient one to another,
and the molt of them ferviceable to man. Ray.
While awake, we feel none of thofe motions continually
made in the difpofal of the corporeal principlesfubfervient here¬
in. Grew•
Senfe is fubfervient unto fancy, fancy unto intellect. Grew.
We are not to confider the world as the body of God ; he
is an uniform being, void of organs, members or parts, and
they are his creatures fubordinate to him, and fubfervient to
his will. Newton s Upticks.
Moll criticks, fond of fome fubfervient art,
Still make the whole depend upon a part;
They talk of principles, but notions prize,
And all to one lov’d folly facrifice. Pope.
Subse'xtuple. adj. [fub andJextuplus, Latin.] Containing
one part of fix.
One of thefe under pullies abates half of that heavinefs the
weight hath, and caufes the power to be in a fubduple propor¬
tion unto it, two of them a fubquadruple proportion, three
a fubfextuple. Wilkin's Mathematical Mafick.
ToSUBSi'DE. v. n. [fubfido, Latin.] To fink; to tend down¬
wards.
He (hook the facred honours of his head
With terror trembled heav’ns /ubfiding hill,
And from his (baken curls ambrofial dews diftill. Dryden.
Now Jove fufpends his golden feales in air.
Weighs the mens wits agatnft the lady’s hair;
The doubtful beam long nods from fide to fide:
At length the wits mount up, the hairs fubfide. Pope.
\. Subsidence. \n.f. [from fubfide.] The a£t of finking; tenSubsi'dency. ) dency downward.
This gradual fubjidency of the abyfs would take up a confiderable time. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth,
This mifcellany of bodies being determined to fubftdence
merely by their different fpecifick gravities, all thofe which
had the fame gravity fubfided at the fame time. JVooclward.
By the alternate motion of thofe air-bladders, whofe furfaces are by turns freed from mutual contact, and by a hid¬
den fubfidence meet again by the ingrefs and egrefs of the air,
the liquour is (till farther attenuated. Arbutbnot.
Sub I'dI a r y. adj. [fubfidiaire, Fr. Jubfuliarius, Lat. from fubfidy.] Affiftant ; brought in aid.
Bitter (ubftances burn the blood, and are a fort off.bfdia¬
ry gall. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
SU BSIDY, n.f [fubfide, Yv.Jubfidium^ Latin.] Aid, common¬
ly fuch as is given in money.
They advifed the king to fend fpeedy aids, and with much
alacrity granted a great rate of fubfidy. Bacon.
’Tis all thefubfidy the prefent age can raife. Dryden.
It is a celebrated notion of a patriot, that a houfe of com¬
mons fhould never grant fuch fubjid e; as give no pain to the
people, left the nation fiiould acquiefce under a burden they
did not feel. Addifon
To Subsi'gn. v. a. [fubfigm, Latin.] To fign under.
SUB
Neither have they feen any deed before the conqueft, but
fnhfvmed with erodes and fmgle names without furnames. Canid.
To SUBSIST. v. n. [ fulfi/icr, Yrfubfiflo, Latin.]
1 To continue ; to retain the prefent date or condition.
Firm we juhfift\ but pofiibleto fwerve. Milton.
The very foundation was removed, and it was a moral inv
poffibility that the republick could/*//# any longer. Swift.
2. To have means of living; to be maiotaine .
He (hone fo powerfully upon me, that like the heat of a
Ruffian dimmer, he ripened the fruits of P»«ry m a cold
climate ; and ga’ e me wherewithal tofubfijl m t .e ong win¬
ter which fucceeded. . R n‘
Let us remember thofe that want neccfianes, as we ourfelves fhould have defired to be remembred, bad it been our
fad lot to Jubfifi on other mens charity. /,tta
3. To inhere; to have exiftence. > r as ‘ x
Though the general natures of thefe qualities are iuthaently diftant7 from one another, yet when they come to JubJtfi \n
particulars, and to be clothed with feveral accidents, then the
difeernment is not fo eafy. South s
Subsistence, or Su/fj/ency. n.f. [[Affiance, Fr. fromJuJiJ •J
1. Rea! being. • . n j u
The flelh, and the conjunction of the flefh wit.. Gca be¬
gan both at one inllant, his making and taking to himfelf our
flefh was but one a£f; fo that in Chrift there is no perfona
Jubfi/iencc but one, and that from everlafting. Hooker.
We know as little how the union is diifolved, that is the
chain of thefe differing fubfi/iencies that compound us, as how
it firft commenced.* Glanville.
Not only the things hadfulffence^ but the very images were
of fome creatures exifling. Stilhngfeet.
2. Competence; means of fupporting life.
His viceroy could only propofe to himfelf a comfortable
fubfifience out of the plunder of his province _ Addifon.
Subsi'stent. adj. Jubfiflens. Latin.] Having real being.
Such as deny fpiritsfdffent without bodies, will with dif¬
ficulty affirm the feparate exiftence of their own. Brown.
Thefe qualities are not fubfifient in thofe bodies, but are
operations of fancy begotten in fomething elfe. Bentley.
SU'BSTANCE. n.f. [fubfiance, Fr,fubfiantia, Latin.]
1. Being; fomething exifting ; fomething of which we can fay
that it is.
Since then the foul works by herfelf alone.
Springs not from fenfe, nor humours well agreeing.
Her nature is peculiar, and her own ;
She is afubfiance, and a perfect being. Davies4
Theftrength of gods.
And this empyreal fubfiance cannot fail. Milton.
2. That which fupports accidents.
What creatures there inhabit, of what mold.
Andfubfiance. _ Milton.
Every being is confidered as fubfifting in and by itfelf, and
then it is called afubfiance; or it fubfifts in and by another, and
then it is called a mode or manner of being. Watts.
3. The effential part.
It will ferve bur turn to comprehend the fidflance, without
confining ourfelves to fcrupulous exa&nefs in form. Digby.
This edition is the fame in fubjlance with the Latin. Burn.
They are the bell epitomes, and let you fee with one caft
of the eye thefubfiance of a hundred pages. Addifon.
4. Something real, not imaginary ; fomething folid, not empty.
Shadows to night
Have ftruck more terror to the !oul of Richard,
Than can the fubfiance of ten thoufand foldiers
Arm’d in proof and led by (hallow Richard. Sbakefpeare.
He the future evil (hall no lefs
In apprehenfion than infubfiance feel. Milton.
Heroick virtue did his a&ions guide,
And he thefubfiance, not th’ appearance chofe :
To refeue one fuch friend he took more pride,
Than to deftroy whole thoufands of fuch foes. Dryden.
5. Body; corporeal nature.
Between the parts of opake and co’oured bodies are many
fpaces, either empty or replenifhed with mediums of other
denfities; as water between the tinging corpufcles wherewith
any liquor is impregnated, air between the aqueous globules
that conftitute clouss or mifts, and for the meft part fpaces
void of both air and water; but yet perhaps not wholly void
of all fubfiance between the parts of hard bodies. Newton.
The qualities of plants are more various than thofe of ani¬
malfubfiance>. Arbwthnot on Aliments.
6. Wealth; means of life.
He hath eaten me out of houfe and home, and hath
put all my fubfiance into that fat belly of his, but I will have
fome of it out again. Shakefpearc's Hen'y IV.
We are deftroying many thoufand lives, and exhaufting our
fubfiance, but not for our own intcreft. Swift.
Substantial, adj. [fubjlantiele, Fr. from fubfiance.]
1. Real; actually exifting.
If this atheift would have his chance to be a real and f bJiantial agent, he is more ftupid than the vulgar. Bentley.
25 O 2. True;
SUB SUB
2.True ; folid ; real; not merely Teeming.
O bleffed ! blefled night! I am afraid.
Being in night, all this is but a dream j
Too flattering Tweet to befubjlantial. Shakefpeare.
To give thee being, I lent
Out of my Tide to thee, neareft my heart,
Subjlantial life. Milton.
If happinefs be a fubjlantial good,
Not fram’d of accidents, nor fubjed to them,
I err’d to feek it in a blind revenge. Denham.
Time, as a river, hath brought down to us what is more
light and Tuperficial, while things more folid and fubjlantial
have been immerfed. Glanville.
The difference betwixt the empty vanity of oftentation, and
the fubjlantial ornaments of virtue. VEJlrange.
Obfervations are the only fure grounds whereon to build a
lafting and fubflantial philofophy. Woodward.
A folid and fubjlantial greatnefs of foul, looks down with
negled on the cenfures and applaufes of the multitude. Addifon.
3. Corporeal; material.
Now fhine thefe planets withfubjlantialrays?
Does innate luftre gild their meafur’d days ? Prior.
The fun appears flat like a plate of filver, the moon as big
as the fun, and the rainbow a largefubjlantial arch in thefky,
all which are grofs falfhoods. Watts.
4. Strong; flout; bulky.
Subjlantial doors,
Crofs-barr’d and bolted faft, fear no aflault. Milton.
5. Refponfible; moderately wealthy.
Trials of crimes and titles of right fhall be made by verdid
of a jury, chofen out of the honeft and moft fubflantial free¬
holders. Spenfcr on Ireland.
The merchants, and fubflantial citizens, cannot make up
more than a hundred thoufand families. Addifon on the War.
SubstaNtials. n.f [Without Angular.] Eflential parts.
Although a cuflom introduced againfl the fubjlantials of an
appeal be not valid, as that it fliould not be appealed to a fuperior, but to an inferior judge, yet a cuflom may be introduced
againfl the accidentals of an appeal. Aylijfe's Parergon.
Substantiality, n.f. [fromfubflantial.]
1. The flate of real exiftence.
2. Corporeity; materiality.
Body cannot ad on any thing but by motion ; motion can¬
not be received but by quantity and matter: the foul is a
flranger to fuch grofsfubjiantiality, and owns nothing of thefe.
Glanv. Scepf.
Substantially, adv. [fromfubjlantial.]
1. Jn manner of afubflance; with reality of exiftence.
In him his Father fhone fubjlantially exprefs’d. Milton.
2. Strongly; folidly.
Having fofubjlantially provided for the North, they promifed
themfelves they fliould end the war that Summer. Clarendon.
3. Truly; folidly; really; with fixed purpofe.
The laws of this religion would make men, if they would
truly obferve them, fubjlantially religious towards God, chafte
and temperate. Tillotfon.
4. With competent wealth.
SubstaNtialness. n.f [fromfubjlantial.]
j. The flate of being fubflantial.
2. Firmnefs ; ftrength ; power of holding or lafting.
Whenfubjlantialnefs combineth with delightfulnefs, fulnefs
with finenefs, how can the language which confifteth of thefe
found other than moft full of fweetnefs ? Camden’s Remains.
In degree offubjlantialnefs next above the dorique, fuftaining the third, and adorning the fecond ftory. Wotton.
To Substantiate, v. a. [from fubjlance.] To make to
exift.
The accidental of any ad is faid to be whatever advenes to
the ad itfelf already fubjlantiated. Aylijfe’s Parergon.
Su'bst antive. n.f. [JubJlantif French ; fubjlantivum, Latin.]
A noun betokening the thing, not a qualitys
Claudian perpetually clofes his fenfe at the end of a verfe,
commonly called golden, or two fubjlantives and two adjec¬
tives with a verb betwixt them. Dryden.
SubstaNtive. adj. [J'ubJlantivus, Latin.]
1. Solid ; depending only on itfelf. Not in ufe.
He confidered how fufficient and fubflantive this land was
to maintain itfelf, without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon.
% Betokening exiftence.
One is obliged tojoin many particulars in one propofition, becaufe the repetition of thefubflantive verb would be tedious. Arb.
To Substitute, v. a. [JubJlituer, Fr. fubjlitutus, from fub
zn&JlatuC) Latin.] To put in the place of another.
In the original dcfigns of fpeaking, a man canfubjlitute none
for them that can equally conduce to his honour. Gov.oJ Tongue.
If a fwarthy tongue
Is underneath his humid palate hung,
Rejedl him •sod fubjlitute another. Dryden.
Some few verfes are inferted orfubjlituted in the room of
others. Congreve.
Substitute, n.f. [fubjhtut^\x. from the verb.] One placed
by another to ad with delegated power.
Were you fworn to the duke, or to the deputy ?
——To him and hisfubflitutes. Shakefpeare.
You’ve taken up,
Under the counterfeited zeal of God,
The fubjeds of hisfubjlitute, my father,
And here upfwarm’d them. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Haft thou not made me here thyfubjlitute,
And thefe inferior far beneath me ict ? Milton:
Providence delegates to the fupreme magiftrate the fame
power for the good of men, which that fupreme magiftrate
transfers to thofe feveralfubjlitules who ad under him. Addif
Substitution, n.f. [fubjlitution^ Fr. from fubjlitute.] The
a61 of placing any perfon or thing in the room of another ; the
ftate of being placed in the room of another.
He did believe
He was the duke, from fubjlitution,
And executing th’ outward face of royalty,
With all prerogative. Shalefp. Pcmpejl.
Nor fal, fulphur, or mercury can be feparated from any
perfed metals; for every part, fo feparated, may eafdy be re¬
duced into perfed metal withoutfubjlitution of that which chymifts imagine to be wanting. Bacon s PhyJ. Rem.
To Substr a'ct. v. a. [ /ubtraho, Lat. fcujlraflion, French.]
1. To take away part from the whole.
2. To take one number from another.
Substra'ction. n f [jcujraire, foubjlraftion, French.]
1. The ad of taking away part from the whole
I cannot call this piece Tully’s nor my own, being much
altered not only by the change of the ftyle, but by addition
and fubjlradtion. . Denham.
2. [In arithmetic!;:.] The taking of a lefler number out of a
greater of like kind, whereby to find out a third number,
being or declaring the inequality, excels, or difference be¬
tween the numbers given. Cocker’s Arithmetick.
Substruction, n.f. [fubJlruCtio, fromfub zndjlruo, Latin.]
Underbuilding.
To found our habitation firmly, examine the bed of earth
upon which we build, and then the underfillings, crjubflruction, as the ancients ca led it. Wotton’s Architecture.
SubstyYar. adj. [fub and jlylus.] Subjlylar line is, in dialing,
a right line, whereon the gnomon or ftyle of a dial is ereded
at right angles with the plane. Diet.
Fred the ftyle perpendicularly over the fubflilar line, fo as
to make an angle with the dial-plane equal to the elevation of
the pole of your place. \ Mox:n s blech. Exer.
Subsu'ltive. 1 adj. [fubfultus^ Latin.] Bounding; moving
Subsu'ltory. J by darts.
Subsu'ltorily. adv. [ from fubfu'Ury. ] In a bounding
manner.
The fpirits fpread even, and move not fnbfultorily ; for that
will make the parts clofe and pliant. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
SuetaNgent. n. f. In any curve, is the line which deter¬
mines the interfedion of the tangent in the axis prolonged./).
To SubteNd. v. a. [fub and tendo, Latin.] To be extended
under.
In redangles and triangles the fquare, which is made of the
fide that Jubtendcth the right angle, is equal to the fquares
which are made of the Tides containing the right angle. Brown.
From Aries rightways draw a line, to end
In the fame round, and let that Vinej'ubtend
An equal triangle : now fince the lines
Mult three times touch the round, and meet three figns.
Where e’er they meet in angles, thofe are trines. Creech.
SubteNse. n.f. [fub and tenj'us, Latin.] The chord of an
arch ; that which is extended under any thing.
SU'BTER. [Latin.] In compofition, fignifies under.
Subte'rfluous. f adh [fabterJluO) Latin.] Running under.
Subterfu'ge. n.f [fupterfuge, French; fubier andfugfr, Lat.]
A fhift; an evafion ; a trick.
The king cared not^forfubterfuges, but would ftand envy,
and appear in any thing that was to his mind. Bacon.
Notwithilanding all their flyfubterfuges and ftudied evafions,
yet the produd of all their endeavours is but as the birth of
the labouring mountains, wind and emptinefs. Glanv.
A fled not little fhifts and fubterfuges to avoid the force of
an argument. Watts.
Subterra'neal. 1 adj. [fub and terra, Lat. fctflerraine, Fr.
Subterranean orfubterraneous is the word
nowufed.] Lying under the earth; placed
_ below the furface.
Metals are who^yfubterrany, whereas plants are part above
earth, and part under. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
In fublerranies, as the fathers of their tribes, are brimftone
and mercury. Bacon s Natural Eiifory.
* The force
Of fubterranean wind tranfports a hill
lorn from Pelorus, or the fhatter’d fide
Of thund’ring /Etna, whole combuftible
And fuel’d entrails thence conceiving fire,
Sublim’d with mineral furv, aid the winds. Milton.
n Alteration
Subterra'nean.
Subterraneous.
Su'bterrany.
SUB. SUB
Alteration proceeded from the change made in the neigh¬
bouring fubterraneal parts by that great conflagration. Boyle.
Tell by what paths, what fubterranean ways,
Back to the fountain’s head the fea conveys
The refluent rivers. Blackmore.
Let my foft minutes glide obfcurely on,
Like j'ubterroneous ftreams, unheard, unknown. Norris.
This fubterraneous pafl'age wqs not at firft defigned fo much
for a highway as for a quarry. Addifon.
Rous’d within thefubterranean world,
Th’ expanding earthquake unreflfted {hakes
Afpiring cities. Thomfon.
Subterra'nity. n. f. [fub and terra, Lat.] A place under
ground. Not in ufe.
We commonly confider fubterranities, not in contempla¬
tions, fufficiently refpeCtive unto the creation. Brown.
SL'BTILE. adj [fubtile, Fr. fubtiiisy Lat. This word is often
written fubtle.
1. Thin; notdenfe; not grofs.
From his eyes the fleeting fair
Retir’d, likefubtle fmoke dilTolv’d in air. Dryden’s Georg.
Deny Des Cart hisJ'ubtile matter.
You leave him neither fire nor water. Prior.
Is not the heat conveyed through the vacuum by the vibra¬
tions of a muchfubtihr medium than air, which, after the air
was drawn out, remained in the vacuum ? Newton s Opt.
2. Nice; fine; delicate; not coarfe.
But of the clock which in our breafts we bear,
The fubtile motions we forget the while. Davies.
Thou only know’ft her nature, and her pow’rs ;
HerJ'ubtile form thou only can’ft define. Davies.
I do diftinguifh plain
EachJubtile line of her immortal face, Davies.
3. Piercing; acute.
Pafs we the flow difeafe andfubtile pain,
Which our weak frame is deftin’d to fuflain ;
The cruel ftone, the cold catarrh. Prior.
4. Cunning; artful; fly; fubdolous. In this fenfe it is now
commonly written fubtle.
Arrius, a pried in the church of Alexandria, a fubtile
witted and a marvellous fair fpolcen man, was difcontented
that one fhould be placed before him in honour, whofe fuperior
he thought himfelf in defert, becaufe through envy and ftomach prone unto contradiction. Hooker.
Think you this York
Was not incenfed by hisfubtle mother,
To taunt and fcorn you ? t Sbakefp. Richard III.
O fubtile love, a thoufand wiles thou haft
By humble fuit, by fervice, or by hire.
To win a maiden’s hold. Fairfax.
A woman, an harlot and fubtile of heart. Prov. vii. 10.
Nor thou his malice, and falfe guile, contemn:
Subtile he needs muft be, who could feduce
Angels. Milton’s Paradife Lofl.
5. Deceitful.
Like a bowl upon a fubtle ground.
I’ve tumbled paft the throw. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
6. Refined ; acute beyond exadnefs.
Things remote from ufe, obfcure and fubtle. Milton.
Su'btilely. adv. [fromfubtile.']
1. Finely; not grofsly.
The conftitution of the air appeareth morefubtilly by worms
in oak-apples than to the fenfe of man. Bacon.
In thefe plaifters the ftone fhould not be toofubtilely pow¬
dered ; for it will better manifeft its attraction in more fenfible
dimenfions. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
The opakeft bodies, if fubtilely divided, as metals diflolved
in acid menftruums, become perfectly tranfparent. Newton.
2. Artfully; cunningly.
By granting this, add the reputation of loving the truth fincerely to that of having been able to oppofe itfubtilely. Boyle.
Others have fought to eafe themfelves of affliction by difputingfubtilly againft it, and pertinacioufly maintaining that
afflictions are no real evils. Tillotfn’s Sermons.
Su'btieeness n.f. [from fubtile.]
' I. Finenefs; rarenefs.
2. Cunning; artfulnefs.
Tq SubtiYiate. v.a. [from fubtile ] To make thin.
A very dry and warm orfubiiliating air opens the furface of
the earth. Harvey on the Plague.
Subtilia'tion. n.f. [fubtiliation, French ; from fubtiliate.]
The aCt of making thin.
Byfubtiliation and rarefaCtion the oil contained in grapes,
if diftilled before it be fermented, becomes fpirit of wine. Boyle.
Su'btilty. n.f. [fubtilite, French; fromfubtile.]
1. Thinnefs; finenefs; exility of parts.
Thefubtilties of particular founds may pafs through fmall
crannies not confuted, but its magnity not fo well. Bacon.
How fhall we this union well exprefs?
Nought ties the foul, herfubtilty is fuch. Davies.
The corporeity of all bodies being the fame, and fubtilty in
all bodies being eflentially the fame thing, could any body by
fubtilty become vital, then any degree offubtilty would pro¬
duce fome degree of life. Grew’s Cojmo'.
Bodies the more of kin they are to fpirit in fubtilty and re¬
finement, the more fpreading and felf-diflufive are they. Norris.
2. Nicety.
Whatfoever is invifible, in refpeCt of the finenefs of the
body, orfubtilty of the motion, is little enquired. Bacon.
3. Refinement; too much acutenefs.
You prefer the reputation of candour before that of fub¬
tilty. ' . _ Boyle.
Intelligible difeourfes are fpoiled by too much fubtilty in nice
divifions. Locke.
Greece did at length a learned race produce.
Who needful fcience mock’d, and arts of ufe;
Mankind with idle j'ubtilties embroil.
And fafliion fyftems with romantick toil. Blackmore.
T hey give method, and fhed Jubtilty upon their author. Bah.
4. Cunning;'artifice; flynefs.
Finding force now faint to be,
He thought grey hairs afforded fubtilty. Sidney.
The rudenefs and barbarity of favage Indians knows not fo
perfectly to hate all virtues as fome mensJubtilty. K. Charles.
Sleights proceeding
As from his wit and native fubtlety. Milton.
Subtiliza'tion. n.f. [fromfubtilized]
1. Subtilization is making anything fo volatile as to rife readily
in fteam or vapour. Ffuincy.
Fluids have their refiftances proportional to their denfities,
fo that nofubtilization, divifion of parts, or refining can alter
thefe refiftances. Gheyne’s Phil. Princ.
2. Refinement; fuperfluous acutenefs.
To Si/btilize. v. a. [fubtitizer, French; from fubtile.]
1. To make thin ; to make lefs grofs or coarfe.
Chyle, being mixed with the choler and pancreatick juices,
is further fubtilized, and rendered fo fluid and penetrant, that
the thinner and finer part eafily finds way in at theftreight ori¬
fices of the laCteous veins. Ray on the Creation.
Body cannot be vital; for if it be, then is it fo either as
fubtilized or organized, moved or endowed with life. Grew.
2. To refine ; to fpin into ufelefs niceties.
The mod obvious verity isfubtilized into niceties, and fpun
into a thread indifcernible by common opticks. Glanville.
To SubtiYize. v. n. To talk with too much refinement.
Qualities and moods fome modern philofophers have fubtilized on. Digby on Bodies.
Su'btle. adj. [Written often forfubtile, efpecially in the fenfe
of cunning.] Sly; artful; cunning.
Sdme fubtle headed fellow will put fome quirk, or devife
fome evafion, whereof the reft will take hold. Spenfer.
Shall we think the fubtle witted French
Conj’rers and forc’rers, that, afraid of him.
By magick verfe have thus contriv’d his end ? Shah. H. VI.
The ferpent, fubtlrfl beaft of all the field. Milton.
The Arabians were men of a deep andjubtle wit. Sprat.
Si/btly. adv. [fromfubtle.~\
1. Slily ; artfully; cunningly.
Thou fee’ft howfubtly to detain thee I devife ;
Inviting thee to hear, while I relate. Milton's Parad. Lojl.
2. Nicely ; delicately.
In the nice bee, what fenfe fofubtly true,
From pois’nous herbs extracts the healing dew ! Pope.
To SUBTRACT. D.C. [fubtraflio, Latin. They who derive it
from the Latin writcjubtradi-, thofe who know the French
original, write fubftrawhich is the common word.] To
withdraw part from the reft.
Reducing many things unto charge, which, by confufion,
became concealed and fubtraided from the crown. Davies.
What is fubtrafled or fubduCted out of the extent of the
divine perfection, leaves ftill a quotient infinite. Hale.
The fame fwallow, by the Jubtrafiir.g daily of her eggs,
lay nineteen fucceffively, and then gave over. Ray.
Subtraction, n f See Substraction.
Su'btrahend. n.f [fuhtrahendum, Lat ] The number to be
taken from a larger number.
Subtri'ple. adj. [jubtriple, Fr Jiib and triplusy Latin.] Con¬
taining a third or one part of three.
The power will be in afubtriple proportion to the weight.
Wilkins's Math. Magic.
Subventa'neous. adj. [fubventaneus, Lat.] Addle; windy.
Suitable unto the relation of the mares in Spain, and their
fubventaneous conceptions from the weftern wind. Brown.
To Su'bverse. v.a. [fubverfust Latin.] To fubvert. Sperj'er
ufesfubverfl in the'fame fenfe.
Empiresfubvers’dy when ruling fate has ftruck
Th’ unalterable hour. Thomfon’s Autumn.
Subversion, n.f [fubverfiony Fr. fubverfusy Latin.] Over¬
throw ; ruin; deftruCtion.
Thefe ftckfubverfion of thy harmlefs life. Shah. H. VI.
It is far more honourable to fuffer, than to profper in their
ruin and fubverfon. King Charles.
Thefe things refer to the opening and {hutting the abyfs,
with the difloiution or fubverfion of the earth. Burr.et.
Laws
sue
Laws have been often abufed, to the oppreffion and thefubverfion of that order they were intended to preferve. Rogers.
Subve rsive, adj. [fromfubvert.] Having tendency to over¬
turn. *
Lying is a vice fubverfve of the very ends and dciign of
convention. *»g«rs.
To SU'BVERT. v. a. [fubvertir, French ; Jubverto, Latin.J
1. To overthrow; to overturn; to dcflioy; to turn uplide
down.
God, by things deem’d weak,
Subverts the worldly ftrong and worldly wife. Milton.
No propofition can be received for divine revelation, if
contradictory to our clear intuitive knowledge; becaufe this
wouldJubver t the principles of all knowledge Locke.
Trees arefubverted or broken by high winds. Mortimer.
2. To corrupt; to confound.
Strive not about words to no purpofe, but to the fubverting
of the hearers. 2 Tim. ii. 14.
Subve'RTER n,f [fromfubvert.’] Overthrower; deftroyer.
O traytor ! worfe than Simon was to Troy ;
O vile fubverter of the Gallick reign.
More falfe than Gano was to Charlemagne. Dryden.
SU'BURB. n.f [fuburbium, Latin.]
1. Building without the walls of a city.
There’s a trim rabble let in: are all thefe your faithful
friends o th’fuburbs d Shakejpear e s Henry VIII.
What can be more to the difvalualion of the power of the
Spaniard, than to have marched feven days in the heart of his
countries, and lodged three nights in the fuburbs of his prin¬
cipal city ? Bacon s ll ar with Spain.
2. The confines ; the outpart.
Thefuburbs of my jacket are fo gone,
I have not left one lkirt to fit upon. Cleaveland.
They on the fmoothed plank.
The fuburb of their ftrawbuilt citadel.
Expatiate. Milton.
When our fortunes are violently changed, our fpirits
are unchanged, if they always flood in thefuburbs and expec¬
tation of forrows. Taylor.
Suburban, adj. [fuburbanus, Latin; from fuburb.] Inhabit¬
ing the luburb.
Poor clinches the fuburban mufe affords.
And Panton waging harmlefs war with words. Dryden.
Subwo'rker. n.f. [fub and worker.] Underworker; fubordinate helper.
He that governs well leads the blind ; but he that teaches
gives him eyes : and it is glorious to be a Jubworner to grace,
in freeing it from fome of the inconveniences of original
South.
Succeda'neous. adj. [^fuccedaneus^D^t.] Supplying the place
of fomething elfe.
Nor is iEiius Aridity to be believed when he preferibeth the
flone of the otter as a Juccedaneous unto caftoeum. Brown.
I have not difeovered the menflruum : I will prefent a fuccedanecus experiment made with a common liquor. Boyle.
SlICCEDANEUM. n.f. [Latin] That which is put to ferve
for fomething elfe.
To SU'CCEED. v. n. [fucceder, French ; fuccedo, Latin.]
i. To follow in order.
If I were now to die,
’Twere to be mod happy; for I fear.
My f ml hath her confent fo abfolute,
\ hat not another comfort like to this
Succeed' in unknown fate. Sbakef. Othello.
Thole of all ages tofucceed will curfe my head. Milton.
2 To come into the place of one who has quitted.
Workmen let it cool by degrees in fuch relentings of nealing heats, left it fhould fbiver in pieces by a T\o\entfucceeding
of air in the room of the fire. Digby on Bodies.
Enjoy ’till I return
Short pleafures ; for long woes are to fucceed. Milton.
If the father left only daughters, they equallyfuccceded to
him in copartnerfhip, without prelation or preference of the
eldefl to a double portion. < Hale.
Revenge fuccecds to love, and rage to grief. Dryden.
While thefe limbs the vital fpirit feeds,
While day to night, and night to day fucceeds,
Burnt-off’rings morn and ev’ning fhall be thine,
And fires eternal in thy temples Ihine. Dryden.
Thefe dull harmlefs makers of lampoons are yet of dangerous
example to the publick: fome witty men may fucceed to their
defigns, and, mixing fenfe with malice, blall the reputation
of the mod innocent. Dryden.
The pretenfions of Saul’s family, who received his crown
from the immediate appointment of God, ended with his reign ;
and David, by the fame title, Jmcecded in his throne, to the
exclufion of Jonathan. Locke.
•?. To obtain one’s wifh ; to terminate an undertaking in the
J defired effedl.
’Tis almoft impofliblc for poets tofucceed without ambition :
imagination mud be raifed by a delne of fame to a defire of
sue
pleafin
This addrefs I have long thought owing; and if I had
never attempted, I might have been vain enough to think I
might have fuccecded. Dryden.
A knave’s a knave to me in ev’ry ftate;
Alike my fcorn, if he fucceed or fail:
Sporus at court, or Japhet in a jail. Pope.
4. To terminate according to wifh.
If thou deal truly, thy doings fhall profperoufiyfucceed to
thee. . ‘bob. iv. 6.
This was impoffible for Virgil to imitate, becaufe of the
feverity of the Roman language: Spencer endeavoured it in
Sheperd’s Kalendar ; but neither will itfucceed in Englifh. Dry.
5. To go under cover.
Fleafe that filvan feene to take,
Where whiffling winds uncertain fhadows make;
Or will you to the cooler cave fucceed,
*• Whole mouth the curling vines have overfpread. Dryden.
To Su'cceed. v. a.
i# To follow ; to be fubfequent or confequent to.
In that place no creature was hurtful unto man, and thofe
deftruftive effedls they now difeover fucceeded the curfe, and
came in with thorns and briars. Browns Vulgar Errours.
2. 'Fo profper; to make fuccefsful.
Now frequent trines the happier lights among,
And high-rais’d Jove from his dark prifon freed,
Thofe weights took off that on his planet hung.
Will glorioufly the new laid worksfucceed. Dryden.
Succeed my wifh, and fecond my defign, 7
The faireft Deiopeia fhall be thine, ? r
And make thee father of a happy line. Dryden s /En. 3
Suece/edeR. n.J. [from fucceed.] One who follows; one who
comes into the place of another.
Why fhould calamity be full of words ?
—Windy attorneys to their client woes.
Airyfucceeders of inteftate joys.
Poor breathing orators of miferies ! Shakef. R. IllNow this greatfuccccder all repairs.
He builds up flrength and greatnefs for his heirs.
Out of the virtues that adorn’d his blood. Daniel.
Nature has fo far imprinted it in us, that fhould the
envy of predecefTors deny the fecret to fucceeders, they yet
would find it out. # buckling.
They make one man’s particular fancies, perhaps fail¬
ings, confining laws to others, and convey them to tbewJucceeders, who afterwards mifname all unobfequioufnefs as prefumption. Boyle.
SU'CCESS. n.f. [fucces, French ; fucceffus, Latin.]
1. The termination of any affair happy or unhappy. Succefs
without any epithet is commonly taken for good fucccfs.
For good fuccefs of his hands, he afkcth ability to do of him
that is moft unable. IVijd. xiii. 19.
Perplex’d and troubled at his bad fuccefs
The tempter flood. Milton.
Not Lemuel’s mother with more care
Did counfel or inftrudt her heir;
Or teach, with more fuccefs, her fon
The vices of the time to lhun. tValler.
Every reafonable man cannot but wifh me fuccefs in this at¬
tempt, becaufe I undertake the proof of that which it is every
man's intereft that it fhould be true. Tillctjons Sermons.
Whilft malice and ingratitude confefs.
They’ve ftrove for ruin long withoutJuccef. Gar th.
Gas fulphuris may be given with fuccefs in any difeafe of the
]ungS> Arbuthnot on Diet.
Military fuceejfes, above all others, elevate the minds of a
people. Atterburfs Sermons.
2. Succeffion. Obfolete.
All the fons of thefe five brethren reigned
By due fuccefs, and all their nephews late.
Even thrice eleven defeents, the crown retained. Spenfer.
Successful, adj. [fuccefs and full.] Profperous; happy;
fortunate.
They were terrible alarms to perfons grown wealthy by a
long and fuccefsful impofture, by perfuading the world that men
might be honeft and happy, though they never mortified any
corrupt appetites. South's Sermons.
H’ obferv’d the illuflrious throng.
Their names, their fates, their condudl and their care
In peaceful fenates and fuccefsful war. Drydtn.
The early hunter
Bleffes Diana’s hand, who leads him fafe f
O’er hanging cliffs ; who fpreads his net fuccefs^ w“*
And guides the arrow through the panther s eart. nor.
Successfully, adv. [frornfuccefsful.] Pro.perou y, uc'iy,
fortunately^00 youn^ yet he looksfuccefsfulf Shakefpeare.
Thcv would' want a competent inllrument to collect and
convey their rays or fo as » imprint the fpeae.
with any vigout on a dull predicate faculty.
The rule of imitating God can never be fu ceffully prorofed but uponChrifiian principles; fuch as that this world is
D,yde, l Pbce no. of reft, but of dtfcpline.
3
sue sue
A reformation fuccefsfltlly carried on in this great toWn,
Would in time fpread itfelf over the whole kingdom. Swift.
Bleeding, when the expectoration goes on Jucceffully, fuppreffeth it* Arbutbnot on Diet.
Succe'ssfulNESs. n.f. [from fuccefsful.] Happy conclufion ;
tlellred event; feries of good fortune.
An opinion of the J'uccefsfulnefs of the work is as neceflary
to found a purpofe of undertaking it, as the authority of com¬
mands, or the perfuaftvenefs of promifes. Hammond.
Succession, n. f. [fuccejfton, French; J'uccejfn, Latin.]
1. Confecution; feries of one thing or perfon following an¬
other.
St. Auguftine, having reckoned up a great number of the
bifliops of Rome, faith, in all this order of Juccejfion of bifnops
there is not one found a Donatift. Hooker.
Reflection on appearances of feveral ideas, one after an¬
other, in oar minds, furnilhes us with the idea of fuccrjfion. Locke.
Let a cannon-bullet pafs through a room, and take with it
any limb of a man, it is clear that it mult ftrike fucceffively
the two fides of the room, touch one part of the flefh firft,
and another after, and fo in fuccejfton. Locke.
2. A feries of things or perfons following one another.
Thefe decays in Spain have been occafioned by fo long a
war with Holland; but mod by two fuccejftons of ina&ive
princes. Bacon.
The fmalleft particles of matter may cohere by the ftrongeft attractions, and compofe bigger particles of weaker virtue ;
and many of thefe may cohere and compofe bigger particles,
whofe virtue is ftill weaker; and fo on for diversJuccejfons,
until the progreflion end in the biggeft particles, on which the
operations in chymiftry and the colours of natural bodies de¬
pend. Newtons Opt.
J. A lineage; an order of defendants.
Caflibelan,
And hisfuccejfton, granted Rome a tribute. Shukef Cyrnbel.
A longfuccejfton muft enfue ;
And his next fon the clouded ark of God
Shall in a glorious temple enfhrine. Milt Par. Loft.
4. The power or right of coming to the inheritance of anceftors.
What people is fo void of common fenfe,
To votefuccejfton from a native prince ? Drydert.
SUCCESSIVE, adj. [fuccejftf French.]
1. Following in order; continuing a courfe or confecution un¬
interrupted.
Three with fiery courage he affails,
And eachfuccejftve after other quails,
Still wond’ring whence fo many kings fhould rife. Daniel.
God hath fet
Labour and reft, as day and night, to men
Succejftve. Milt. Par. LoJl.
God, by reafon of his eternal indivifible nature, is by one
fingle aCt of duration prefent to all the fuccejftve portions of
time, and all fucceffively exifting in them. South.
Send the fuccejftve ills through ages down,
And let each weeping father tell his fon. Prior.
2. Inherited by fucceffion. Not in ufe.
Countrymen,
Plead my fuccejftve title with your fwords.
Shakefpeare’s Titus Andronicus.
The empire being elective, and notfuccejftve, the emperors,
in being, made profit of their own times. Raleigh.
Succ e'ssivle y. adv. [fuccejfivernent, Fr. from fuccejftve.] In
uninterrupted order; one after another.
Three fons he left,
All which fucceffively by turns did reign. Fairy jhteen.
Is it upon record ? or elfe reported
Succejftvely from age to age ? Shakefp. Richard III.
That king left only by his fix wives three children, who
reignedfucceffively, and died childlefs. Bacon.
We that meafure times by firft and laft,
The fight of things J'uccejfively do take,
When God on all at once his view doth caft,
And of all times doth but one inftant make. Davies.
I inclined the paper to the rays very obliquely, that the moft
refrangible rays might be more copioufly refledted than the
reft, and the whitenefs at length changed fuccejjively into blue,
indigo, and violet. Newton s Opt.
No fuch motion of the fame atom can be all of it exiftent
at once : it muft needs be made gradually and fucceffively, both
as to place and time, feeing that body cannot at the fame in¬
ftant be in more places than one. Bentley’s Sermons.
Successiveness, n.f [fromfuccejftvef\ The ftate of being
fucceflive.
All the notion we have of duration is partly by thefucccjftvenefs of its own operations, and partly by thofe external meafures that it finds in motion. Hale.
Succe'ssless. aclj. [from fuccefs.] Unlucky ; unfortunate;
failing of the event defired.
The hopes of thyfuccefslefs love refign. Dryclcn.
PhilipU
Pope.
This
in the
of anThe Bavarian duke,
Bold champion ! brandifhing hisNoric blade,
Beft temper’d fteel, JuccefsleJS prov’d in field.
Paflion unpity’d, and juaefslefs love,
Plant daggers in my heart. Addifun’s Cato.
Succefslejs all her foft careffes prove,
To banilh from his breaft his country’s love.
Su'ccessour. n.f [J'uccefteur, French; fuccejfor, Latin,
is fometimes pronounced Juccjfour, with the accent
middle.] One that follows in the place or character
other ; correlative to predecejfour.
This king by this queen had a fon of tender age, but of
great expectation, brought up in the hope of themfelves, and
already acceptation of the inconftant people, zsfuccejfor of
father’s crown. Sidney.
Thefuccejfor of Nlofcs in prophecies. Ecclu . xlvi. 1.
The fear of what was to come from an unacknowledged
fuccejfour to the crown, clouded much of that profperity then,
which now fhines in chronicle. Clarendon.
The fecond part of confirmation is the prayer and benedic¬
tion of the bifhop, thefuccejfour of the apoftles in this office.
Hammond on Fundamentals.
The furly favage offspring difappear,
And curfe the brightfuccejfor of the year;
Yet crafty kind with daylight can difpenfe. Dryden.
Whether a brightfuccejfor, or the fame. Tate.
The descendants of Alexander’sfuccejfors cultivated naviga¬
tion in fome letter degree. Arbuthnot.
SUCCFNCT. adj. [fuccinft, French ; fuccinftus, Latin.]
1. Tucked or girded up; having the cloaths drawn up to difengage the legs.
His habit fit for fpeedfuccindf. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
His veftfuccintt then girding round his waift,
Forth ruffl’d the fwain. Pope.
Four knaves in garbsfuccint7. Pope.
2. Short; concife; brief.
A ftrieft andjuccindl ftile is that where you can take nothing
away without lofs, and that lofs manifeft. Ben. Johnfon.
Let all your precepts befuccintt and clear.
That ready wits may comprehend them foon. Rofcommon.
Succinctly, adv. [fromfuccindl.] Briefly; concifely; with¬
out fuperfluity of didlion.
I (hall prefent you veryfuccinftly with a few reflections that
moft readily occur. Boyle.
I’ll recant, when France can {hew me wit
As ftrong as ours, and asfuccindlly writ. Rofcommon.
Su'ccory. n.f [cichorium, Latin.] A plant.
It is one of the milky plants, with a plain radiated flower:
the flowers are produced from the fides of the branches, at the
letting off of the branches upon {hort footftalks: the cup of
the flower is like a contracted feed-veffel: the feeds are an°uO
lar, umbilicated, and fliaped fomewhat like a wedge. Miller.
A garden-fallad
Of endive, radifhes, and fuccory. Dryden.
The medicaments to diminifti the milk are lettuce, purflane,
endive, and fuccory. IVifcman of Tumours.
To SU'CCOUR. v a. [ fecourir, French; fuccurro, Lat.] To
help; to aflift in difficulty or diftrefs; to relieve.
As that famous queen
Of Amazons, whom Pyrrhus did deftroy, n
Did fhew herfelf in great triumphant joy, v
To fuccour the weak ftate of fad affliCted Troy. Fa. fjh.i J
A grateful beaft will ftand upon record, againft thofe that in
their profperity forget their friends, that to their lofs and
hazard flood by and fuccoured them in their adverfity. L’Ejftr.
Su'ccour. n.f [from the verb ; fecours, French.]
1. Aid; afliftance; relief of any kind ; help in diftrefs.
My father,
Flying forfuccour to hjs fervant Banifter,
Being diftrefs’d, was by that.wretch betray’d. Shakefpeare.
Here’s a young maid with travel opprefs’d,
And faints forfuccour. Shakefpeare.
2. The perfon or things that bring help.
Fear nothing elfe but a betraying of fucccurs which reafon
offereth. iVifd. xvii. 12.
Our watchful general had difeern’d from far
The mightyfuccour which made glad the foe. Dryden.
Su'ccourer. n.f. [fromfuccour.], Helper; afliftattt; reliever*
She hath been zfuccourer of many. Ro. xvi. 2.
Su'Ycourless. adj. [fromfuccour.] Wanting relief; void of
friends or help.
Succourlef and fad,
She with extended arms his aid implores. Thomfn.
Su'cculency. n.f. [fromfucculent.] Juicinefs.
SU'CCULENT. adj. [fucculent, French; fucculentus, Latin.]
Juicy; moift.
T hefe plants have a ftrong, denfe, and fucculent moifture,
which is not apt to exhale. Bacon.
Divine Providence has fpread her table every where, not
with a juicelefs green carpet, but with jucculcnt herbage and
nouriftiing grafs, upon which moft beafts feed. More.
25 P On
Hudibras.
sue
On our account has Jove,
In ’ulgent, to all lands fome fucculent plant
Allotted, that poor helplefs man might flack
His prefent thirft. . , .
To SuccEmb. v. n. [fuccumbo, Latin j fuecomber, l renc .]
To yield; to fink under any difficulty. Not in ufc, except
among the Scotch.
To their wills we muftfuccumb,
. %r°T0AtrotThey move''two'kp of on. fide together, which is tolutaomWino- or lift one foot before and the crofs foot behhid wh ich ii fuccufitwn or trotting. Brown’, Vulgar Err.
’They rode, but authors do not fay
Whether tolutation or Juccuffation. butler.
Succession, n.f \fuccujjio, Latin.J
, The a<ft of fhaking. . . , , , „
’ When any of that rifible fpecies were brought to the doftor,
and when he confidered the fpafms of the diaphragm, and all
the mufcles of refpiration, with the tremulousfuauffion of the
whole human body, he gave fuch patients over. Mart. Scnb.
+ Tin phyfick.l Is fuch a fhaking of the nervous parts as is pro-
' cLured by ltrong ftimuli, like fternutatories, fri&ion, and the
like which are commonly ufed in apople&ick affe&ions.
Such * pronoun. [fulleiks, Gothick; fulk, Dutch ; ppilc, Saxon.]
Of that kind; of the like kind. With as before the thing
' t0 which it relates, when the thing follows: as, fuch a power
as a king’s ; fuch a gift as a kingdom.
’Tis fuch another fitchew ! marry, a perfum d one. MakeJ.
Can we find fuch a one as this, in whom the fpirit of God
. ? J Gen. xh. 30.
The works of the flefh are manifeft, fuch are drunkennels,
revelings, andfuch like. • v* 2
You will not make this a general rule to debar fuch from
preaching of the Gofpel as have thro’ infirmity fallen. Whitgift.
Such another idol was Manah, worfhipped between Mecca
and Medina, which was called a rock or ftone. Stillingfiect.
Such precepts as tend to make men good, fingly confidered,
may be diftributed into fuch as enjoin piety towards God, or
fuch as require the good government of ourfelves. Tulotjon.
If my fong be fuch,
That you will hear and credit me too much,
Attentive liften. J , DrSitn'
Such are the cold Riphean race, and Juch
The favage Scythian. Dryden s Vtrg.Georg.
As to be perfectly juft is an attribute in the Divine Nature,
to be fo to the utmoft of our abilities is the glory of a man:
fuch an one, who has the publick adminiftration, ads like the
reprefentative of his Maker. ddfon.
You love a verfe, take fuch as I can fend. hope.
2. The fame that. With as.
This was the ftate of the kingdom of Tunis atjuch time as
Barbaroffa, with Solyman’s great fleet, landed in Africk. Knoll.
q. Comprehended under the term premifed.
That thou art happy, owe to God ;
That thou continu'ftfuch, owe to thyfelf. Milton.
To aflert that God looked upon Adam’s fall as a fin, and
punifhed it as fuch, when, without any antecedent fin, he
withdrew that aftual grace, upon which it was impoffible for
him not to fall, highly reproaches the eftential equity of the
Divine Nature. , . r Soutb'
No promife can oblige a pnnee fo much,
Still to be good, as long to have been fuch. Dryden.
4. A manner of expreffing a particular perfon or thing.
I faw him yefterday
With fuch and fuch. Shakefp. Hamlet.
If you repay me not on fuch a day.
In fuch a place, fuch fum or fums, as are
Exprefs’d in the condition, let the forfeit
Be an equal pound of your flefh. Shak Merch. of Venue.
I have appointed my fervants tofuch zndfuch place. 1 Sam.
Scarce this word death from forrow did proceed.
When in rufh’d one, and tells himfuch a knight
Is new arriv’d. Damf* ClVl[\ar'
Himfelf overtook a party of the army, confifting of three
thoufand horfe and foot, with a train of artillery, which he left
at fuch a place, within three hours march of Berwick. Clarend.
The fame fovereign authority may enaeft a law, command¬
ing fuch or fuch an action to-day, and a quite contrary law for¬
bidding the fame to-morrow. . . South s Sermons.
Thofe artifts who propofe only the imitation of: fuch orJuch
a particular perfon, without election of thofe ideas beforementioned, have often been reproached for that omiffion.
Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
To SUCK. v. a. [yucan, Saxon ; fugo, fu£lumy Latin ; fuccery
French.]
1. To draw by making a rarefadtion of the air.
1. To draw in with the mouth.
The cup of aftonifhment thou (halt drink, and fuck it out.
Ezck. xxiii. 34.
sue
We’ll hand in hand to the dark manfions go,
Wherz, fucking in each other’s latcft breath,
We may transfufe our fouls. Dryden.
Still {he drew
The fweets from ev’ry flow’r, and fuck'd the dew. Dryden.
Transfix’d as o’er Caftalia’s ftreams he hung,
Hefuck’d new poifons with his triple tongue. Pope s Statius.
3. To draw the teat of a female.
Defire, the more hefuck'dy more fought the breaft.
Like dropfy folk ftill drink to be a-thirft. Sidney.
A bitch will nurfe young foxes in place of her puppies, if
you can get them once to-Juck "her fo long that her milk may
go through them. Locke.
Did a child fuck every day a new nurfe, it would be no
more affrighted w ith the change of faces at fix months old than
at fixty. Locke.
4. To draw with the milk.
'I hy valiantnefs was mine, thou fuck'djl it from me ;
But own thy pride thyfelf. Sbakef. Coriolanus.
5. To empty by fucking.
A fox lay with whole fwarms of fliesfucking and galling of
him. * L’tjlrange.
Bees on tops of lilies feed.
And creep within their bells to fuck the balmy feed. Dryden.
6. To draw or drain.
I can juck melancholy out of a fong, as a weazel fucks
eggs. Shakefpeare.
Pumping hath tir’d our men;
Seas into feas thrown, we fuck in again. Donne.
A cubical veflel of brafs is filled an inch and a half in half
an hour; but becaufe it fucks up nothing as the earth doth,
take an inch for half an hour’s rain. Burnet.
Old ocean, fuck'd through the porous globe,
Had long ere now forfook his horrid bed. Thomjon.
To Suck. v. n.
1. To draw by rarefying the air.
Continual repairs, the leaft defeats in fucking pumps areconftantly requiring. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
2. To draw the breaft.
Such as. are nourifhed with milk find the paps, and fuck at
them; whereas none of thofe that are not defigned for that
nourishment ever offer tofuck. Ray on the Creation.
I would
Pluck the youngfucking cubs from the fhe-bear,
To win thee, lady. Shakefp. Merchant ofVmice.
Why did the knees prevent me ? or why the breafts that
I fhould fuck? jh°h iii* 1 2*
A nurfing father beareth with thefucking child. Numb. xi.
3. To draw; imbibe.
The crown had fucked too hard, and now being full, was
like to draw lefs. Bacon’s Henry VIII.
All the under paffions.
As waters are by whirl-pools fuck’d and drawn,
Were quite devoured in the vaft gulph of empire. Dryden.
Suck, n.f. [from the verb.]
z. 1 he aft of fucking.
I hoped, from the defeent of the quick-filver in the tube,
upon the firft fuck, that I fhould be able to give a nearer
guefs at the proportion of force betwixt the preflure ofthe air
and the gravity of quick-filver. Boyle.
2. Milk given by females.
They draw with their fuck the difpofition of their nurfes.
Spenjer.
I have given fuck and know
How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me. Shakefpeare.
Thofe firft unpolifh’d matrons
Gave Juck to infants of gigantick mold. Dryden.
It would be inconvenient for birds to givefuck. Ray.
Su'cker. n.f. [fuceur, French; from fuck.]
1. Any thing that draws.
2. The embolus of a pump.
Oil mull be poured into the cylinder that the fucker may
flip up and down in it more fmoothly. Boyle.
The afeent of waters is byju.kers or forcers, or fomething
equivalent thereunto Wilkins's Dadalus.
3 A round piece of leather, laid wet on a ftone, and drawn
up in the middle, rarifies the air within, which preffing upon
its edges, holds it down to the ftone.
One of the round leathers wherewith boys play* called
fuckers, not above an inch and half diameter, being well foaked in water, will liick and pluck a ftone of twelve pounds up
from the ground. brew's Mufaum.
4 A pipe through which any thing is fucked.
Mariners aye ply the pump,
So they, but chearful, unfatigu d, ftill mote
The drainingfucker. nips.
5. A young twig {hooting from the ftock. This word was pe:^
haps originallyfurcle, (furcuiusy Latin.]
The cutting awav of fuckers at the root and body, doth
make trees grow high. Bacon's Natural Hi/lory^
S U D
Out of this old root a fucker may fpring, that with a little
flicker and good feafons, may prove a mighty tree. Kay.
Su'cket. n.f [hornfuck ] A fweet meat.
Nature’s conteclioner, the bee,
Whofe fuckets are moiil alchimy;
The ftill of his refining mold.
Minting the garden into gold. C'eaveland.
Su'ckingBoT rLe. n.f. [ft k and bett'e.] A bottle which to
children fupplies the want of a pap.
He that will fay, children join thefe general abftrait fpeculations with their 'fuckingbottles, has more zeal for his opinion,
but lei’s fincerity. Locke.
To Suckle, v.a. [from fuck.] To nurfe at the breaft.
The break of Hecuba,
When flie did Juckle He£lor, look'd not lovelier. Shakefpeare.
She nurfes me up and fuckle me. L'Ejirange.
Two thriving calves {hejuckles twice a-day. Drydcn.
The Roman foldiers bare on their helmets the firft hiftory
of Romulus, who was begot by the god of war, and fuckled
by a wolf. Addifon cn Italy.
Su'ckliisG. n.f. [from/wrL] A young creature yet fed by the
pap.
I provide a fuckling.
That ne’er had nourifhment but from the teat. Dryden.
Young animals participate of the nature of their tender
aliment, asfucklings of milk. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Su'ctiok. n.f. [fromfuck;fuccirn, Fr.] The aft of fucking.
Sounds exteriour and interiour may be made by JuSlion, as
by emiffion of the breath. Bacon.
Though the valve were not above an inch and a half in dia¬
meter, yet th weight kept up by futtior, or fupported by the
air, and what was"call out of it weig ied about ten pounds.
Boyle.
Cornelius regulated the fufiion of his child. Arbudmot.
SUDA'TiON. n.f [fudo, Latin.] Sweat.
Su'datory. n.f. \fudoy Latin.] Hot houfe; fweating bath.
SUDDEN. adj. [Joudain, French; yoben, Saxon.]
1. Happening without previous notice; coming without the
common preparatives ; coming unexpectedly.
We have not yet fet down this day of triumph ;
To-morrow, in my judgment, is too fudden. Shakefpeare.
There was never any thing fo fudden but Csefar’s thrafonical brag, of I came, faw and overcame. Sbakefpeare.
Herbsfudden flower’d.
Opening their various colours. Milton.
2. Hafty; violent; rafh; pafiionate; precipitate. Not in ufe.
I grant him
Sudden, malicious, fmacking of ev’ry fin. Sbakefpeare.
Su'dden. n f.
1. Any unexpected occurrence ; furprife. Notin ufe.
Parents fhould mark the witty excufes of their children at
fuddains and furprifals, rather than pamper them. Wotton.
2. On or of a Sudden, or upon a Sudden. Sooner than was ex¬
pected ; without the natural or commonly accuftomed prepara¬
tives.
Following the flyers at the very heels.
With them he enters, who upon the J dden
Claptto their gates. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
How art thou loft, how on a fudden loft ? Milton.
They keep their patients fo warm as almoft to ftifle them,
and all on a fudden the cold regimen is in vogue. Baker.
When you have a mind to leave your mafter, grow rude
andfaucy of afudden, and beyond your ufual behaviour. Swift.
Su’ddenly. adv. [from fudden.] In an unexpected manner;
without preparation ; haftily.
You {hall find three of your Argofies
Are richly come to harbourfuddenly. Sbakefpeare.
If thou can’ft accufe,
Do it without invention fuddenly. Shahefp. Henry VI.
If elifion of the air made the found, the touch of the bell or
firing could not extinguifh fo fuddenly that motion. Bacon.
To the pale foes they fuddenly draw near.
And fummon them to unexpected fight. Dryden.
She ftruck the warlike fpear into the ground,
Which fprouting leaves did fuddenly enclofe,
And peaceful olives {haded as they rofe. Dryden.
Su'ddenness. n.f. [from fudden.] State of being fudden; un¬
expected prefence; manner of coming or happening unex¬
pectedly.
All in the open hall amazed flood,
At fuddenefs of that unwary fight.
And wond’red at his breathlefs hafty mood. Fairy Queen.
He fpeedily run forward, counting hisfuddennefs his moft
advantage that he might overtake the Engliih. Spenfr.
The rage of people is like that of the fea, which once
breaking bounds, overflows a country' with thatjuddenne:s and
violence as leaves no hopes of flying. Fern le.
SUDORPFICK. Judo> ifque, Fr.fudor and facie, Latin.] Pro¬
voking or caufing fweat
Phyficians may do well when they provoke fweat in bed by
bottles, with a decodlion of fudorifck herbs in hot water.
Bacon.
S U F
Exhaling the moft liquid parts of the blood by fudorfick or
watery evaporations brings it into a morbid flate. Arbutbnot.
Sudori'fick. n.f A medicine promoting fweat.
As to Judorificks, confider that the liquid which goes off by
fweat is often the moft fubtile part of the blood. Aibuthnot.
Su'dorous. adj. [from fudor, Latin.] Confifting of fweat.
Befide the ftrigments and fudorous adhefions from mens
hands, nothing proceedeth from goid in the ufual decocflion
thereof. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Suds. n.f. [from j-coban, to feeth; whence yobsen, Saxon.]
1. A lixivium of foap and water. #
2. To be intbe Suds. A familiar phrafe for being in any difficulty.
To Sue. v. a. [fuiver, French.]
1. To profecute by law.
If any Jue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him
have thy cloke alfo. Mat. v. 40.
2. To gain by legal procedure.
Nor was our bleffed Saviour only our propitiation to die
for us, but he is ftill our advocate, continually interceding
with his Father in the behalf of all true penitents, and fuing
out a pardon for them in the court of heaven. Calamy.
To Sue. v. n. To beg ; to entreat; to petition.
Full little knoweft thou that haft not try’d,
What hell it is in fuing long to bide. Hubbard's Tale.
If me thou deign to ferve and fue,
At thy command lo all thefe mountains be. Spenfer.
When maidensfue,
Men give like gods. Sbakefpeare
We were not born tofue but command. Sbakefpeare.
Ambafladors came unto him as far as the mouth of the Eu¬
phrates, fuing unto him for peace. Kuolles.
For this, this only favour let me fue,
Refufe it not: but let my body have
The laft retreat of human kind, a grave. Dryden’s ALneid.
Defpife not then, that in our hands bear we
Thefe holy boughs, and fue with words of pray’r. Dryden.
’Twill never be too late,
To fue for chains, and own a conqueror. Addifon’s Cato.
The fair Egyptian
Courted with freedom now the beauteous flave,
Now fait’ring fucd, and threatning now did rave. Blackm.
By adverfe deftiny conftrain’d to fue
For counfel and redrefs, he fues to you. Pope’s Odyffey.
SU'ET. n.f. [fuet, an old French word, according to Skinner.]
A hard fat, particularly that about the kidneys.
The fleatoma being feet, yields not to efcaroticks. JVifem.
Su'ety. adj. [fromfuet.] Confifting of fuet; refembling iuet.
If the matter forming a wen, refembles fat or a fuety fubftance, it is called fteatoma. Sharp’s Surgery.
ToSU'FFER. v.a. [fuffero, Latin; fouffrir, French.]
1. To bear; to undergo; to feel with fenfe of pain.
A man of great wrath fhal!fuffer punflhment. Prov. xix.
A woman fujjered many things of phyficians, and fpent all
{he had. ; Murk v. 26.
Obedience impos’d,
On penalty of death, and fuffering death. Milton.
2. To endure; to fupport; not to link under.
Our fpirit and flrength entire
Strongly tofuffer and fupport our pains. Milton.
3. To allow; to permit; not to hinder.
He wond’red that your Lordftiip
Wouldfuffer him to fpend his youth at home. Sbakefpeare.
Oft have I feen a hot o’erweening cur,
Run back and btte, becaule he was withheld:
Who beingJuffered, with the bear’s feil paw.
Hath clapt his tail betwixt his legs and cry’d. Sbakefpeare.
My duty cannot fuffer
T’ obey in all your daughter’s hard commands. Sbakefpeare.
Rebuke thy neighbour, and notfuffer lin upon him. Lev.
Ifuffer them to enter and poflefs. AliJon.
He that will fuffer himfelf to be informed by obfervation,
will find few figns of a foul a.cuftomed to much thinking in a
new born child. Locke.
4.To pafs through ; to be affedled by.
The air now mufl fuffer change. Milton.
ToSu'ffer v.n.
1. To undergo pain or inconvenience.
My breaft I arm to overcome by fuffering. Milton.
Prudence and good breeding are in all ftations neceffary ;
and moft young men fuffer in the want of them. Locke.
2. A o undergo punifhment.
The father was firft condemned to fuffer upon a day ap¬
pointed, and the Ion afterwards the day following. Clarendon.
He thus
Was forc’d to fuffer for himfelf and us !
Heir to his father’s forrows with his crown. Dryden.
3. To be injured.
Publick bufinefs fffers by private infirmities, and king¬
doms fall into weaknelles by the difeafes or decays of thofe that
manage them. Temple.
Su'eferable. adj. [fromfuffer.] Tolerable; fuch as may be
endured.
I
S U F
It isfufferahle iri any to ufe what liberty they lift in their
own writing, hut the contracting and extending the lines and
fenfe of others would appear a thanklefs office. IVotton.
So'ff f. r a bly. adv. [fromfufferahle.J Tolerably; fo as to be
endured.
An infant Titan held (he in her arms;
Yetfufferably bright, the eye might bear
I'he ungrown glories of his beamy hair. Addifns
Su'fferance. n.f. [fromffiffer^ fouffaitce, French.]
i.Pain; inconvenience; milery.
He muft not only die.
But thy unkindnefs fhall the death draw out
To ling’ring fufftrance. Shakefpeare s Meafurefor Meafure.
How much education may reconcile young people to pain
andfufferance, the examples of Sparta (Lew. Locke on Education.
1. Patience; moderation.
He thought t’have flain her in his fierce defpight,
But hafty heat tempering with Jujferance wife,
He ftaid his hand. Fa-ry Queen.
He hath given excellent fufferance and vigoroufnefs to the
fufferers, arming them with ftrange courage. Taylor.
And fhould I touch it nearly* bear it
With all the fuff’ranee of a tender friend. Otway's Orphan.
3. 1 deration; permiffion ; not hindrance.
In procefs of time, fomewhiles by fufferance, and fomewhiles by fpecial leave and favour, they eredfed to themfelves
oratories not in any fumptuous or ftately manner. Hooker.
Moft wretched man
That to affe&ions does the bridle lend ;
In their beginning they are weak and wan,
But foon throughfufferance gtow to fearful end .Fairy Queen.
Some villains of my court
Are in confent and fufferance in this. Shakefpeare.
Both gloried to have ’fcap’d the Stygian flood,
As gods, and by their own recover'd llrength;
Not by thefuffdance of fupernal pow’r. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Su'fferer. n.f. [fromfuff,r.]
1. One who endures or undergoes pain or inconvenience.
This evil on the Philiftines is fall’n,
Thtfufferers then will fcarce moleft us here.
From other hands we need not much to fear. Milton.
And when his love was bounded in a few,
That were unhappy that they might be true,
Made you the fav’rite of his laft fad times.
That is, a fuff’rer in his fubjeds crime. Dryden.
She returns to me with joy in her face, not from the fight of
her hufband, but from the good luck fhe has had at cards;
and if fhe has been a lofer, I am doubly a Jufferer by it: fhe
comes home out of humour, becaufe fhe has been throwing
away my eftate. Addifon s Spectator.
The hiftory of civil wars and rebellions does not make fuch
deep and lafting impreffions, as events of the fame nature in
which we or our frien s have been jufferers. Addifon.
2. One who allows; one who permits.
Su'ffering. n.f. [fromjuffer.j Pain fuffered.
Rejoice in my fufferings for you. Col. i. 24.
With what ftrength, what fteadinefs of mind.
He triumphs in the midft of all hisfufferings ? Addifon.
We may hope the fufferings of innocent people, who have
lived in that place which was the feene of rebellion, will fecure from the like attempts. Addifon.
it increafed the fmart of his prefentfufferings to compare
them with his former happinefs. Atterhury.
To SUFFPCE. v.n. [fufftre^ French; fufftcio^ Latin.] To be
enough ; to be fufficient; to be equal to the end or purpofe.
If thou afk me why, Jufficeth, my reafons are good. Shakefp.
Aflrongand fucculent moifture is able, without drawing
help from the earth, to fuffice the fprouting of the plant. Bac.
To recount almighty works
What words or tongue of feraph canfuffice,
Or heart of man fuffice to comprehend. Milton's Par. Loft.
The indolency we have, fufficing fox our prefent happinefs,
we defire not to venture the change : being content; and that
is enough. iocke%
He lived in fuch temperance, as was enough to make the
longeft life agreeable ; and in fuch a courfe of piety, asfufficed to make the moft fudden death fo alfo. Pope.
To Suffi'ce. v a.
1. To afford ; to fupply.
'I hou king of horned floods, whofe plenteous urn
Suffices fatnefs to the fruitful corn,
Shall fhare my morning fong and evening vows. Dryden.
f he pow’r appeas’d, with vsmMfuffic’d the fail;
I he bellying canvas ftrutted with the gale. Dryden.
2. To (atisfy. 0 J
J[rae!’ !ct xtfuJfice you of all your abominations. Ezek.
raiche corn fhe did eat and wasJufficecf and left. Ruth.
ixnu* uCe !hat tllOU know’ft os happy. Milton.
When the herdfuffidd, did late repair
To ferny heaths, and to the foreft lare. Dryden.
He our conquerorjeft us this our ftrength.
That we may fofuffice his vengeful ire. ’ Milton
4
S tJ F
Sufficiency, n.f. [fffifance^ Fr. fromfufficient.]
1. State of being adequate to the end propoled.
’Tis all mens office to fpeak patience
To thofe that wring under the load of forrow;
But no man’s virtue norfufficiency
J o be fo moral, when he lhall endure
I he like himfelf. Shakefpeare.
Hisfufficiency is fuch, that he and pbeftows offeffes, his plenty
being unexhaufted. Boyle.
2. Qualification for any purpofe.
1 am not fo confident of my ownfufficiency, as not willing¬
ly to admit the counfel of others. King Charles.
The bifhop, perhaps an Irifhman, being made judge by
that law, of the fufficiency of the minifters, may diflike the
Englifhman as unworthy. Spenfer's Ireland.
Their penfioner De Wit was a minifter of the greateft au¬
thority and fufficiency ever known in their ftate. Temple.
3. Competence; enough.
An elegantfufficiency, content. Thomfon.
4. Supply equal to want.
"Fhe moft proper fubjeefs of difpute, are queftions not of the
very higheft importance, nor of the meaneft kind ; but rather
the intermediate queftions between them : and there is a large
fufficiency of them in the fcicnces. IVatts's Improv. of the Mind.
5. It is ufed by Temple for that conceit which makes a man think
himfelf equal to things above him: and is commonly com¬
pounded with Jelft
Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. Temple.
Suffi cient, adj. [fffifant, Fr. fufficiens, Latin.]
1. Equal to any end or purpofe; enough; competent; not deficient.
Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. A'lat. vi. 34.
Heaven yet retains
Numberfufficient to poflefs her realms. Milton.
Man is notfufficient of himfelf to his own happinefs. Tillot.
It isfufficient for me, if, by a difeourfe fomething out of
the way, I fhall have given occafion to others to caft about
for new difeoveries. Locke.
She would ruin me in filks, were not the quantity that goes
to a large pin-cu£hion fufficient to make her a gown and petti¬
coat. Addifon.
Sufficient benefice is what is competent to maintain a man
and his family, and maintain hofpitalitv ; and likewife to pay
and fatisfy fuch dues belonging to the bifhop. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Seven months are a fufficient time to cortedl vice in a Yah°°* Swift.
2. Qualified for any thing by fortune or otherwife.
in faying he is a good man, underftand me, that he isfuffi
ft lent. Shakefpeare’s Merchant of Venice.
Sufficiently, adv. [from fufficient.\ To a fufficient degree j
enough.
If religion did poflefs fincerely fufficiently the hearts of all
men, there would need be no other reftraint from evil. Hooker.
Seem I to tl.eeJifficiently poflefs’d
Of happinefs? Milton.
All to whom they are propofed, are by his grace fufficiently
moved to attend and affent to them; fufficiently but not irrefiftibly; for if all were irrefiftibly moved, all wou d embrace
them, and if none were fufficiently moved, none would em¬
brace them. Rogers's Sermons.
SUFIISANCE [French.] Excels; plenty. Obfolete.
1 here him refts in riotousJ'uffifance
Of all his gladfulnefs and kingly joyance. Spenfer.
To SUTFOCA 1 F. v. a. [fuffoquer, Fr. fuffoco^ Latin.] To
choak by exclufion or interception of air.
Let gallows gape for dog, let man go free.
And let not hemp his windpipefuffcaie. Shakefpeare.
This chaos, when degree isfuffocate,
Follows the choaking. Shakefpeare's Troilus ar.d Creffida.
Air but momentally remains in our bodies, only to re¬
frigerate the heart, which being once performed, left being
fell-heated again, it fhould fuffocate that part, it hafteth back
the lame way it paffed. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
A fwelling difeontent is apt tofuffocate and ftrangle without
paffage. Collier ofFriendfhip.
All involv’d in fmoke, the latent foe
From every crannyJuffocated falls. Thomfon.
Suffocation, n f. [jujfocation, Fr. from fuffocate.j The act
of choaking; the ftate of being choaked.
Liieafes of ftoppingsand Juffocations are dangerous. Bacon.
^ hite conflfts in an equal mixture of all the primitive co¬
lours, and black in a fffocation of all the rays of light. Cbeyne.
Mufhrooms are beft cotreeled by vinegar; fome of them
being poifonous, operate by fuffo.aiion^ in which the beft re¬
medy is wine or vinegar and fait, and vomiting as foon as
poffible. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Su'ffocati ve. adj. [fromfffocate.] Havingthe power to choak.
From rain, after great rrofts in the winter, glandulous tu¬
mours, and fuffuative catarrhs proceed. Arbuthnot on Air.
SU'FFRAGAN. n.f [f/ffragant, Fr.fuffraganeus, Latin.] A
bifhop conlidercd as fubjedt to his metropolitan.
Suffragan bifhops fhall have more than one riding apparitor.
Ayl’ffts Parergon.
Becket,
S U G
Becket, archbifhop of Canterbury, infolently took upon
him to declare five articles void, in his epiftle to hisfuffra9ans Hale.
To Su'ffragate. v. n. [fuffragor, Latin.] To vote with;
to agree in voice with.
No tradition could univerfally prevail, unlefs there were
fome common congruity of fomewhat inherent in nature,
which luits and fuff'agates with it, and clofeth with it. Hale.
SUFFRAGE, n.f. [fuffragey Fr. fuffragium, Latin.] Vote;
voice given in a controverted point.
Noble confederates, thus far is perfc£l,
Only your fuffrages 1 will expedt
At the affembly for the chufing ©f confuls. Ben. Johnfon.
They would not abet by theirfuffrages or prefence the defigns of thofe innovations. King Charles.
The faired of our ifland dare not commit their caufe againft
you to the fuffsage of thofe who mod partially adore them.
Addifon.
Fabius might joy in Scipio, when he faw
A beardlefs conful made agair.d the law;
And join hisfffrage to the votes of Rome. Dryden.
This very variety of fea and land, hill and dale, is extreme¬
ly agreeable, the ancients and moderns giving theirfuffrages unanimoufly herein. IVoodward's Natural Hiflory.
Ladlantius and St, Auftin confirm by theirfuffrage the obfervation made by the heathen writers. Atterbury.
Suffra'ginous. adj. [fuffrago, Latin.] Belonging to the
knee joint of beads.
In elephants, the bought of the forelegs is not diredtly back¬
ward, but laterally, and fomewhat inward ; but the hough or
fuffraginous flexure behind, rather outward. Brown.
SUFFUMIGA'TION. n.f [fuffumigation, Fr.fuffumigoy Lat.]
Operation of fumes raifed by fire.
If the matter be fo grofs as it yields not to remedies, it may
be attempted by fuffumigktibn. Wifemans Surgery.
SuFfu'mige. n.f. [fuffumigo, Lat.] A medical fume.
For external means, fayingfuffumges of fmoaks are pre¬
ferred with good fuccefs ; they are ufually compofed out of
frankincenfe, myrrh, and pitch. Harvey.
To SUFFU'SE. w. a. [fuffxfus, Latin.] To fpread over with
fomething expanfible, as with a vapour or a tindlure.
Sufpicions, and fantaftical furmife,
And jealoufyfuffus'd with jaundice in her eyes. Dryden;
To thatrecefs.
When purple light (hall nextfuffufe the Ikies,
With me repair. Pope.
Inftead of love-enliven’d cheeks,
With flowing rapture bright, dark looks fucceed,.
Suffus'd and glaring with untender fire. Tbomfon.
SuFFu'siort. n f [fuffufohy French; fromfuffufe.]
1. The a<d of overfpreading with any thing.
2. That which is fuffufed or fpread.
A drop ferene hath quench’d their orbs.
Or dim fffufon veil’d. Milton.
The difk of Phcebus, when he climbs on high
Appears at firft but as a bloodfhot eye ;
And when his chariot downward draws to bed,
His ball is with the famefuffufion red. Dryden.
To thofe that have the jaundice or like fuffufion of eyes,
objedts appear ofthat colour. Ray.
Sue. n.f [fugo, Latin, to fuck.]
Many have flicking on them fugs, or trout-lice, which is
a kind of worm like a clove or pin. With a big head, and
flicks clofe to him and fucks his moifture. JVaiton.
SU'GAR. n.f. [fucre, French; faccharum,.Latin.]
1. The native fait of the[ugar-cane, obtained by the expreflion
and evaporation of its juice. Sputncy.
All the blood of Zelmane’s body ftirred in her, as wine
will do when fugar is haftily put into it. Sidney.
Lumps of fugar lofe themfelves, and twine
Their fubtile effence with the foul of wine. Craffaw.
A grocer in London gave for his rebus a fugar-loaf {land¬
ing upon a flat deeple. Peacham.
Saccharum candidum (hoots into angular figures, by placing
a great many (lender flicks a-crofs a veil'd of liquid fugar.
Crew's Mufaum.
If the child mufl have fugar-plums when he has a mind,
rather than be out of humour: why, When he is grown up,
mufl he not be fatisfied too with wine? Locke.
In abaker’s drying room, where the air was heated,
fifty four degrees beyond that of a human body, a fparrow
died in two minutes. Arbuthnot on Air.
A piece of fome geniculated plant, feeming to be part of
a fugar-ezne. iVoodward on Foffils.
2. Any thing proverbially fweet.
Your fair difeourfe has been as fugar,
Making the hard way fweet and delectable. Sbalcefpeciie*
2. A chvmical dry chryflallizati'on.
Sugar of lead, though made of that infipid metal, and four
fait of vinegar, has in it a fweetnefs furpafling that of com¬
mon fugar. B°yle‘
S U I
To Su'gar. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To impregnate or feafon with fugar.
Short thick fobs
In panting murmurs, ftill’d out of her bread*
That ever-bubbling fpring, the fugar'd ned
Of her delicious foul, that there does lie.
Bathing in dreams of liquid melody. Crajhaw.
2. Tofweeten.
Thou would’d have plung’d ^thyfelf
In general riot, and never learn’d
The icy precepts of refpedf, but followed
Thefugar'd game before thee. Shakefpeare', Timon ofAthens.
With devotion’s vifage,
And pious adtions we do fugar o’er
The devil himfelf. _ Shakefpeare.
His glofing fire his errand daily faid,
And fugar d fpeeches whifperM in mine ear. Fairfax.
Who cads out threats, no man deceives.
But flatt’ry dill in fugar d words betrays.
And poi'fon in high taded meats conveys. Denham»
Su'ggary. adj. [from fugar.] Sweet; tafling of fugar.
With the fugg'ry fweet thereof allure
Chade ladies ears to phantafies impure. Spenfer.
To SU'GGEST. v.a. [ftggero,fuggefum^L-iX. fuggerer, Fr.]
1. To hint; to intimate ; to infinuate good or ill ; to tell pri¬
vately.
Are you not afham’d ?
What fpiritfuggefs this imagination ? Shakefpeare.
I could never have differed greater calamities, by denying
to fign that juflice my confcience fuggejledto me. K. Charles.
Thefe Romifh cafuifls fpeak peace to the confidences of
men, by fuggefing fomething to them, which (hall fatisfy
their minds notwithstanding a known, adtual, avowed con¬
tinuance of their fins. South's Sermons.
Some ideas make themfelves way, and are fuggejled to the
;mind by all the ways offenfation and reflexion. _ Locke.
Reflect upon the different date of the mind in thinking,
which thofe indances of attention, reverie and dreaming natu¬
rally enough fuggejl. Locke.
Search for fome thoughts thy own fuggejling mind.
And others dilated by heav’nly pow’r,
Shall rife fpontaneous. Pope's Odyffey.
This the feeling heart
Wou’d naturally fuggejl. Thomfn.
2. To feduce ; to draw to ill by infinuation. Out of ufe.
When devils will their blacked fins put on.
They dofuggejl at fird with heav’nly fhows. Shakefpeare.
Knowing that tender youth is foon fuggejled,
I nightly lodge her in an upper tower. Shakefpeare.
3. To inform fecretly. Out of ufe.
We mudfuggejl the people, in what hatred
He dill hath held them, that to’s pow’r he would
Have made them mules. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Suggestion, n.f. [[fuggeftion, Fr. from fuggejl.] Private
hint; intimation ; infinuation ; fecret notification.
It allayeth all bafe and earthly cogitations, banifheth and
driveth away thofe evil fecret fuggefions which our invifible
enemy is always apt to minider. Hooker.
I met lord Bigot and lord Salifbury,
And other more going to feek the grave
Of Arthur, who, they fay, is kill’d to night
Oh yourfuggeftion. Shakefpeare's King John.
He was a man
Of an unbounded domach, ever ranking
Himfelf with princes: one that by fuggejhon
Tied all the kingdom. Shakefpeare s Henry VIII*
The native and untaughtfuggejlions of inquifitive children.
Locke.
Another Way is letting the mind, upon the fuggeftion of any
new notion, run after fimilies'. Locke.
To Su'ggilate. v.a. [fuggillo, Latin.] To beat black and
blue; to make livid by a" bruife.
The head of the os humeri was bruifed, and remained
fuggilated long after. Wifeman s Surgery.
SuScide. n f. fuicidium, Latin.] Self-muider; the horrid
crime of dedroying one’s felf.
Child of defpair, andfuicide my name. Savage.
To be cut off by the fword of injured friendfhip is the mod
dreadful of all .deaths, next to fuicide. Clariffa.
SuiYlace. n.f. [fouillage, french.] Dram of filth, Obfolete.
When they have chofen the plot, and laid out the limits
of the work, fome Italians dig wells and citterns, and other
conveyances for the Juillage ot the houfe. IVotton.
Suing, n.f. [This word feems to come from fuer, to fweat,
French; it is perhaps peculiar to Bacon.] Thea£lof foaking
through any thing.
Note the percolation or fuing of the Verjuice through the
wood ; for verjuice of itfelf would never have paffed through
the wood. Bacon.
25 Q. SUIT.
S U I
SUIT. n.f. [fuite, French ]
1. A let; a number of things correfpondent one to the other.
We, ere the day, two fuits of armour fought,
Which borne before him, on his Heed he brought. Dryd.
2. Cloaths made one part to anfwer another.
What a beard of the general’s cut, and a horrid fuit of the
camp will do among foaming bottles and ale-wafh’d wits is won¬
derful. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Him all repute
For his device in handfoming afuit;
To judge of lace, pink, panes, print, cut and plait.
Of all the court to have the bell conceit. Donne.
His majefty was fupplied with three thoufandfuits of cloaths,
with good proportions of (hoes and ftockings. Clarendon.
3. Confecution; feries; regular order.
Every five and thirty years the fame kind and fuite of wea¬
thers comes about again; as great froft, great wet, great
droughts, warm winters, fummers with little heat; and they
call it the prime. Bacon.
4. Out a/-Suits. Having no correfpondence. A metaphor, I
fuppofe, from cards.
Wear this for me; one out offuits with fortune.
That would give more, but that her handdacks means. Sbak.
5. [Suite, French.] Retinue; company. Obfolete.
Plexirtus’s ill-led life, and worfe gotten honour, fhould have
tumbled together to deftru&ion, had there not come in Tydeus and Telenor, with fifty in theirfuite to his defence. Sidney.
6. [from To -SW. ] A petition ; an addrefs of entreaty.
Mine ears againft yourfuits are ftronger than
Your gates againft my force. Shakefpeare.
She gallops o’er a courtier’s nofe ;
And then dreams be of fmelling out afuit. Shakefpeare.
Had I a fuit to Mr. Shallow, I would humour his men with
the imputation of being near their mafter. Shakefpeare.
Many (hall make fuit unto thee. Job xi. 19.
My mind, neither with pride’s itch, nor yet hath been
Poifon’d with love to fee or to be feen ;
1 had nofuit there, nor new fuit to fhew:
Yet went to court. Donne.
7. Courtfhip.
He that hath the fleerage of my courfe,
Hired! my fuit. Shakefpeare s Romeo and Juliet.
Their determinations are to return to their home and to
trouble you with no morefuit, unlefs you may be won by
fome other fort than your father’s impofition. Skakejpeare.
8. In Spenfer it feems to fignify purfuit; profecution.
High amongft all knights haft hung thy fhield.
Thenceforth thefuit of earthly conqueft fhoone.
And wafh thy hands from guilt of bloody field: Spenfer.
9. [In law.] Suit is fometimes put for the inftance of a caufe,
and fometimes for the caufe itfelfdeduced injudgment. Ayliffe.
All that had any fuits in law came unto them. Sufanna.
Wars are fuits of appeal to tHe tribunal of God’s juftice,
where there are no fuperiors on earth to determine the caufe.
Bacon's IVar with Spain.
Involve not thyfelf in the fuits and parties of great perfon-
<fges. Laylor's Guide to Devotion.
To Alibech alone refer yourfuit.
And let his fentence finifh your difpute. Dryden.
John Bull was flattered by the lawyers that hisfuit would
not laft above a year, and that before that time he would be
in quiet poffeffion of his bufinefs. Arbuthnot.
To Suit. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fit; to adapt to f.mething elfe.
Suit the adtion to the word, the word to theadlion, with
this fpecial obfervance, that you o’erftep not the modefty of
nature. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
The matter and manner of their tales, and of their telling,
are fo fu ted to their different educations and humours, that
each would be improper in any other. Dryden.
2. To be fitted to; to become.
Compute the gains of his ungovern’d zeal.
Illfuits his cloth the praife of railing well. Dryden.
Her purple habit fits with fuch a grace
On her fmooth fhoulders, and fo fuits her face. Dryden.
If different fedts fhould give us a lift of thofe innate practi¬
cal principles, they would fet down only fuch as fuited their
diftindt hypothefes. Locke.
Raife her notes to that fublime degree,
Which fuits a fong of piety and thee. Prior.
3. I o drefs ; to clothe.
Such a Sebaftian was my brother too,
So went he fuited to his watry tomb:
If fpirits can afl'ume both form and fuit,
ou come to fright us. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Be betterfuited;
I hefe weeds are memories of thofe misfortunes:
I pr’ythce put them off to worfer hours. Shakefpeare.
I’ll difrobe me
Of thefe Italian weeds, and fuit myfelf
As do’s a Briton pcafant. Shakefpeare's Cymbe'ine.
Afiltci.
Dryden<
Dryden.
Dryden.
S u I
To Suit. v. n. To agree; to accord.
I he one intenfe, the other ftill remits,
Cannot wellJuit with either; but foon prove
Tedious alike.
I he place itfelf was fuiting to his care,
Uncouth and favage as the cruel fair.
Pity does with a nobje nature fuit.
Conftraint does ill with love and beauty fuit.
. . This he fays, becaule it fuits voith his hypothefis, but proves
**no^* Loike.
Give me not an office " v
/ That fuits with me fo ill; thou know’ll: my temper. Addif
Suitable, adj. [fromy«/r,] bitting; according with; agree¬
able to.
T hlough all thofe miferies, in both there appeared a kind
of noblenefs not fuitable to that afflidtion. Sidney.
What he did purpofe, it was the pleafure of God that So¬
lomon his foil fhould perform, in mannerfuitable to their prefent and ancient ftate. Hooker.
To folemn adts of royalty and juftice, their fuitable or¬
naments are a beauty; are they only in religion a ftain ? Hook.
It is very fuitable to the principles of the Roman Church ;
for why fhould not their fcience as well as fervice be in an
unknown tongue ? THlctfon.
As the bleflings of God upon his honeft induftry had been
great, fo he was not without intentions of makingfuitable re¬
turns in adts of charity. Atterbury.
Expreffion is the drefs of thought, and ftill
Appears more decent, as morefuitable',
A vile conceit in pompous words expiefs’d,
Is like a clown in regal purple drefs’d. Pope.
Suitableness, n.f [fromfuitable.] litnefs; agreeablenefs.
In words and ftyles, fuitablenef makes them acceptable and
effective. . G/anvilie.
With ordinary minds, it is the fuitablenefs, not the evi¬
dence of a truth that makes it to be yielded to; and it is
feldom that any thing pradtically convinces a man that does
not pleafe him firft. South's Sermons.
He creates thofe fympathies andfuitallenejfes of nature that
are the foundation of all true friendfhip, and by his providence
brings perfons fo affected together. South's Sermons. ’
Confider the laws themfelves, and theirfuitablenefs or utjfuitablenefs to thofe to whom they are given. "Tillotfon.
Suitably, adv. [fromfuitable.] Agreeably; according to.
Whofoever fpeaks upon a certain occafion may take any
text fuitable thereto; and ought to fpeak fuitably to that text.
South's Sermons.
Some rank deity, whofe filthy face
We fuitably o’er ftinking ftables place. Dryden:
Suit Covenant. [In law.] Is where the anceftor of one man
has covenanted with the anceftor of another to fue at his court.
Bailey.
Suit Court. [In law.] Is the court in which tenants owe at¬
tendance to their lord. Bailey.
Suit Service. Jin law.] Attendance which tenants owe to the
court of their lord. Bailey.
Sui'ter. 1 r r, .. _
Sui'tor. \n f'
1. One that fues ; a petitioner; a fupplicant.
As humility is injuiters a decent virtue, fo the teftification
thereof, by fuch effe&ual acknowledgments, not only argueth
a found apprehenfion of his fupereminent glory and majefty
before whom we Hand, but putteth alfo into his hands a kind
of pledge or bond for fecurity againft our unthankfulnefs. Hook.
She hath been a fuitor to me for her brother,
Cut off by courfe of juftice. Shakef. Meaffor Meafure.
My piteous foul began the wretchednefs
Offuitors at court to mourn, Donne
Not only bind thine own hands, but bind the hand of fuit¬
ors alfo from offering. if .0 nocon.
Yet their port
Not of meanfuitors; nor important lefs
Seem d their petition, than when the ancient pair,
Deucalion and chafte Pyrrha, to reftore
The race of mankind drown’d, before the fhrine
Of Themis flood devout. Milton's Paradife Loji.
I challenge nothing;
But I m an humbleJuitor for thefe prifoners. Denham.
My lord, I come an humble juitor to you. Rowe.
2. A woer ; one who courts a miftrefs.
I would I could find in my heart that I had not a hard heart;
for truly I love none.
-A dear happinefs to women ! they would elfe have been
troubled with a pernicious fuitor. Shakefpeare.
He palled a year atGoodby under the counfcls of his mo¬
ther, and then became afuitor at London to fir Roger Alhton’s
daughter. It ottons Life ofthe Duke ofBuckingham.
By many fuitors fought, fhe mocks their pains,
And ffill her vow’d virginity maintains. Dryden:
He drew his fiat, familiar, to her fide,
Far from the fuitor train, a brutal crowd. Pope e Qd\ffey,
Su/tr£ss.
SUL
1 u'*o c *
. \
'tor. -}
Sui'tress. n.f. [from falter.'] A female (applicant*
’Twere pity
That could refufe a boon to fuch a fuitrefs;
Y’ have got a noble friend to be your advocate. Rowe.
Su'lcated. adj. [y«A«>, Latin.] Furrowed.
All are much chopped andJulcatcd by their havino- lain expofedon the top of the clay to the weather, and to°the erofion of the vitriolick matter mixed amongft the clay.
_ . . , , JVeodivard.
Sull. n f. A plough. Ainfworth.
SUXLEN adj. [Of this word the etymology is obfcure ]
1. Gloomily angry; flugg,fhly difcontented.
Wilmot continued Itill fallen and perverfe, and every day
grew more mfoleM. Clarindon.
A man in a jail isfulten and out of humour at his firft cominSin‘ ... L\EJIrange.
r ore d by my pride, I my concern fupprefs’d ;
Pretended drowfinefs, and wifh of reft;
And fullen I forfook th’ imperfect feaft. PrL,. -j
If we fit down and inactive, in expciftation that God
(hould do all, we fhall find ourfelves miferably deceived, Rog%
2. Mifchievous ; malignant. 41
Such fallen planets at my birth did fhine.
They threaten every fortune mixt with mine. Dryden.
The fullen fiend her founding wings difplay’d.
Unwilling left the night, and fought the nether (hade. Dryd.
3. Intractable; obftinate.
Things are as fullen as we are, and will be what they are,
whatever we think of them. Tilktfon’s Sermons.
4. Gloomy; dark; cloudy; difmal.
Why are thine eyes fixt to the fullen earth,
Gating at that which feems to dim thy fight? Shak. //.VI.
Night with her fullen wings to double lhade,
The defart fowls in their clay nefts were couch’d.
And now wild beafts came forth the woods to roam. Milt.
A glimpfe of moon-fhine, ftreak’d with red;
A fhuffled, fulle>i) and uncertain light,
That dances through the clouds, and (huts again. Dryden.
No cheerful breeze thisfallen region knows;
The dreaded Eaft is all the wind that blows. Pope.
5. Heavy; dull; forrowful.
Be thou the trumpet of our wrath,
t Andfallen prefage of your own decay. Shakef K. John.
Sullenly, adv. [fromfullen.] Gloomily; malignantly; intraClably.
To fay they are framed without the afliftance of fome prin¬
ciple that has wifdom in it, and that they come to pafs from
chance, isfallenly to affert a thing becaufe we will affert it*
More’s Antidote againfl Atheifm.
He in chains demanded more
Than he impos’d in victory before:
He fallenly reply’d, he could not make
^ he'e offers now. Dryden’s Indian Emperor.
The gen’ral mends his weary pace.
And fuilenly to his revenge he fails;
So glides fome trodden ferpent on the grafs.
And long behind his wounded volume trails. Dryden.
Sv llenness. n.f. [from fullen.] Gloominefs; morofenefs;
iluggilh anger; malignity ; intractability.
Speech being as rare as precious, her filence without fullennefs, her modefty without affectation, and her fhamefaftnefs
without ignorance. ^ Sidney.
To fit myfullennefs,
He to another key his ftile doth drefs. Donne.
In thofe vernal feafons, when the air is calm and pleafant,
it were an injury and JullenneJs againft nature not to go out*
and fee her riches. Milton.
'<lftt.not tlie wor^ out of any hypocrify, fullennefs, or
luperltition, but out of a fincere love of true knowledge and
V,rt,,e* °More.
With thefe comforts about me, and fullennfs enough to ufe
no remedy, monfieur Zulichem came to fee me. Temple.
SuXlens. n.f. [Without fingular.j Morofe temper; gloomi¬
nefs of mind. A burlefque word.
Let them die that age, and fullens have. Shakefteare
Su'lliage. n.f. [fromfully.] Pollution; filth; (lain of dirt*
foulnefs. *
Require it to make fome reftitution to his neighbour for
what it has detrafled from it, by wiping off thatfalliage it has
call upon his fame. Government ofthe Tongue
Calumniate ftoutly ; for though we wipe away with never
fo much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left fome /«/-
liage behind. Decay of Piety.
ToSu'lly. V. a. [fouiller, French.] To foil; to tarnifh ; to
dirt; to fpot.
Silvering will fully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.
The falling temples which the gods provoke,
And ftatuesfully d yet with facrilegious fmoke. Rfcommon.
He s dead, whofe love had fully cball your reign,
And made you emprefs of the world in vain. Dryden.
Lab’ring years (hall weep their deftin’d race,
Charg’d with ill omens, fully d with difgrace. Prior.
SUM
let there be ho fpots to fully the brightnefs of this foiehU
h,t>rV „ , I dtterburys Sermons.
Ye walkers too, that youthful colours wear
Threefullying trades avoid with equal care;
The little chimney-fweepcr fkulks albng,
And marks with footy ftains the heedlefs throng. Gay.
Su'lly. n.f [from the verb. ] Soil; tarnifh; fpot.
You laying thefe lightJullies on iriy fon,
As ’twere a thing a little foil’d i’ th’ working. Shakefa:
A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little fpots and
fillies in his reputation. Addifon’S Spectator,
SU'LPHUR. n.f. [Latin.] Brimftone.
Ih his Womb was hid mctallick ore,
The work of fulphur. Milton.
Sulphur is produced by incorporating an oily or bitufninous
matter with the foflil and fait. ‘ IVoodward.
Thence nitre, fulphur, and the fiery fleam
Of fat bitumen. Thomfori.
Qrw^\arlj' rfalpbureus, Latin.] Made of brirnoULPHURQUS. ) ftone; having the qualities of brimftone;
containing fulphur; impregnated with fulphur.
Fly hour is almoft come,
When I tofulphurous and tormenting flames
Muft render up myfelf. Shalefp. Harriet.
Dart and javelin, ftoncs and falphiirous fire. Milton.
Is not the ftrength and vigour of the aCtiOii between light
and fulphureons bodies, obferved above, one reafon why /tilphureous bodies take fire more readily, and burn more vehe¬
mently than other bodies do? . Newton’s Opt.
The fury heard, while on Cocytus’ brink,
Her fnakes unty'd fulphureous waters drink. Pope.
Nofulphureous glooms
Swell’d in the fky, and fent the lightning forth. 'Ibcmfon.
SufPHU reousness. n.f. [from fulphureous.] The ftate of
being fulphureous.
Su'lphurworT. n.f. The fame with Hogsfenel.
Partaking of fulphur.
SULTAN, n.f. [Arabick.] The Turkifh emperour.
By this feimitar.
That won three fields offuhan Solyman. ShahCuare
SuTtana. )»./. [from/nto.] The queen of an fiftem
oultaness. 3 emperour.
T urn the/a/Ws chambermaid. Cleaveland.
Lay the tow ring faltanefs afide. jrenp
Su ltanry. «./ [fr°m/«/ton.J Art Eaftern empire.
i affirm the fame of the/»Wy0f the Mamalukes, wherd
Haves, bought for money, and of unknown defeent, reierned
over families of freemen. Bacon
Sultriness. n.f [from faltry.] The ftate of being fuhry]
clofe and cloudy heat. b 3 *
SULTRY <7^. [This iS imagined by Skinner to be corrupted
from fulphury, or fiucltry.] Hot without ventilation; hot
and clofe; hot and cloudy.
h is veryfaitry and hot. Shalefp. Hamlet.
1 hefaltry breath
Of tainted air had cloy’d the jaws of death. Sandss
Such as born beneath the burning fky, J *
And faltry fun betwixt the tropicks lie! Dryden’s /En.
Our foe advantes on us.
And envies us even Lybia’sfaltry defarts. Addifan’s Cato.
1 hen would faltry heats and a burning air have fcorched
and chapped the earth, and galled the animal tribes in houfes
or dens.
SUM. n.f [fammO) Latin; fomme^ French.]
t.Thewhoie of any thing; many particulars aggregated to a total.
We may as well conclude fo of every fentcnce, as of the
whole fum and body thereof. Hook r
How precious are thy thoughts unto me, OGod ! how^Zeat
Pf. cxxxix* 17.
Milton.
Drydi men.
ftps.
is the fum of them.
Th’ Almighty Father, where he fits
Shrin’d in his fan£hiary of heav’n fecure
Confulting on thefum of things, forefeen
This tumult, and permitted ail, advis’d.
Such and no lels is he, on whom depends
The fum of th ings*
Weighing thefam of things with wifefofecaft,
Sohcitous of publick good.
2. Qiiantity of money.
I did fend to you
For certain/aw of gold, which you deny’d me.
Britain, once defpis’d, can raife
As amp\efams as Rome in Csfar’s days. r
3. [Somme, Fr.] Compendium 5 abridgment; the whole abftra£W*
I his, in eftecl, is the fum and fubftance of tint
bring by Way of oppofition againft thofe order u- 1
have common with the church of Rome J % Wh^h P
I hey replenilheil the hearts of the neareft „„r ,1
confirmed then^’in’^nre °< ^ ^
world nn lptfc tnrt n ! rc'Slon - in fumy they taught the
how to live UOU V 10W tU than theT done before
Hooker.
T'his
Skakefp.
S U M
This having learn’d, thou haft attain’d the fum
Of wifdom. Milton.
In fum, no man can have a greater veneration for Chaucer
than myfelf. _ Dryden.
Thy fum of duty let two words contain ;
Be humble, and be juft. Prior.
In fum, the Gofpel, confidered as a law, preferibes every
virtue to our conduct, and forbids every fin. Rogers.
4. The amount; the refult of reafoning or computation.
I appeal to the readers, whether thefum of what I have faid
be not this. Tillotfon.
5. Height; completion.
Thus I have told thee all my ftate, and brought
My ftory to thefum of earthly blifs,
Which 1 enjoy. Milt. Paradife Loft.
In faying ay or no, the very fafety of our country, and the
fum of our well-being, lies. L'EJlrange.
To Sum. v. a. [fommer, French; from the noun.]
*. To compute ; to colled particulars into a total; to caft up.
It has up emphatical.
You caft th’ event of war.
Andfumm'd th’ account of chance. Shak. Henry 1V.
The high prieft mayfum the filver brought in. 2 Kings xxii.
In ficknefs time will feem longer without a clock than with
it; for the mind doth value every moment, and then the hour
doth ratherfum up the moments than divide the day. Bacon.
He that would reckon up all the accidents preferments de¬
pend upon, may as well undertake to count the fands, orfum
up infinity. South.
2. To comprife; to comprehend; to colled into a narrow
compafs.
So lovely fair!
That what feem’d fair in all the world, feem’d now
Mean, or in herfumm'd up, in her contain’d. Milton.
To conclude, by fumming up what I would fay concerning
what I have, and what I have not been, in the following pa¬
per I fhall not deny that I pretended not to write an accurate
treatife of colours, but an occafional efiay. Boyle.
Go to the ant, thou fluggard, in few words fums up the
moral of this fable. L'EJlrange.
This Atlas muft our finking ftate uphofd;
In council cool, but in performance bold :
Hefums their virtues in himfelf alone.
And adds the greateft, of a loyal fon. Dryden's Aurengz.
A fine evidence fumm'd up among you! Dryden.
4. [In falconry.] To have feathers full grown.
With profperous wing fullfummd. Milton.
Su'mach-tree. n. f. [ fumach, French.]
The flower confifts of five leaves in a circular order, in form
of a rofe; from whofe flower-cup rifes the pointal, which after¬
ward becomes a veflel, containing one feed : the flowers grow
in bunches, and the leaves either winged or have three lobes.
The flowers are ufed in dying, and the branches for tanning,
in America. Miller.
Su'mless. adj. [fromfum. ] Not to be computed.
Make his chronicle as rich with prize.
As is the ouzy bottom of the fea
With funken wreck and fumlefs treafuries. Shak. Hen. V.
A fumlefs journey of incorporeal fpeed. Milton.
Above, beneath, around the palace {hines,
The fumlefs treafure of exhaufled mines. Pope.
Su'mmarily. adv. [fromfummary.] Briefly; the fhorteft way.
The decalogue of Mofes declareth fummarily thofe things
which we ought to do ; the prayer of our Lord, whatfoever
we fhould requeft or defire. Hooker.
While we labour for thefe demonftrations out of Scripture,
and do fummarily declare the things which many ways have
been fpoken, be contented quietly to hear, and do not think
my fpeech tedious. Hooker.
When the parties proceed fummarily, and they chufe the
ordinary way of proceeding, the caufe is made plenary. Ayl.
Su'mmary. adj. [fommaire, French; fromfum.~\ Short; brief;
compendious.
The judge
Dire&ed them to mind their brief.
Nor fpend their time to {hew their reading,
She’d have afummary proceeding. Swift.
Su'mmary. n.f. [from the adj.] Compendium; abridgment.
We are enforc’d from our moft quiet fphere
By the rough torrent of occafion ;
And have thefummary of all our griefs.
When time {hall ferve, to {hew in articles. Shakef H. IV.
In that comprehenfive fummary of our duty to God, there :s
no exprefs mention thereof. Rogers.
SUMMER. n.f [pumcj-i, Saxon; fomer, Dutch.]
1. 1 he leafqn in which the fun arrives at the hither folftice.
Sometimes hath the brighteft day a cloud ;
And, after bummer, evermore fueceeds
The barren Winter with his nipping cold. Shakef. H. VI.
Can’t fuch things be.
And overcome us like a Summer's cloud.
Without our fnecial wonder l Shakef. Madeth
1
SUM
Two hundred loaves of bread, and an hundred bunches of
raifins, and an hundred of Summer fruits. 2 Sa. xvi.
He was fitting in a Summer parlour. jMg. iii. 20.
In all the liveries deck’d of Summer's pride. Milton.
They marl and fow it with wheat, giving it a Summer fal¬
lowing firft, and next year fow it with peafe. Me'timer.
Dry weather is belt for moft Swnmer corn. Mortimer.
The dazzling roofs,
Refplendent as the blaze of Summer noon.
Or the pale radiance of the midnight moon. Pope.
Child of the fun,
See fultry Summer comes. Thomfon s Summer.
2. \Trabsjummaria.] The principal beam of a floor.
. Oak, and the like true hearty timber, may be better trufted
in crofs and tranfverfe works forJammers, or girders, or bind¬
ing beams. Hutton.
Then enter’d fin, and with that fycamore,
Whofe leaves firftfhelter’d man from drought and dew,
Working and winding flily evermore.
The inward walls and fummers cleft and tore;
But grace Ihor’d thefe, and cut that as it grew. Herbert.
To Su'mmer. v. n. [from the noun.] To pafs the Summer.
The fowls fhallJammer upon them, and all the bealts {ball
winter upon them. LJ. xviii. 6.
ToSu'mmer. v.a. To keep warm.
Maids wellfummer'd, and warm kept, are like flies at Bartholomew-tide, blind, though they have their eyes. Shakefp.
Su'mmerhouse. n.f [from Swnmer and houfe.J An apart¬
ment in a garden ufed in the Summer.
I’d rather live
With cheefe and garlick, in a windmill, far,
Than feed on cates, and have him talk to me.
In anyfummerhoufe in Chriftendom. Shakef. Henry IV.
With here a fountain, never to be play’d.
And there a fummerhoufe, that knows no {hade. Fope.
There is fo much virtue in eight volumes of Spc&ators, fuch
a reverence of things facred, fo many valuable remarks for
our condurft in life, that they are not improper to lie in par¬
lours or fummerhoufes, to entertain our thoughts in any mo¬
ments of leifure. Ivatts.
Su'mmersault. ) n.f. [foubrefault, French. Somerfet is a.
.Su'mmer,set. J corruption.] A high leap in which the
heels are thrown over the head.
Some do the fummerjault,
And o’er the bar like tumblers vault. Hudibras.
Frogs are obferved to ufe diversfummerfaulis. LValton.
The treafurer cuts a caper on the ftrait rope: I have feen
him do the fummerfet upon a trencher fixed on the rope, which
is no thicker than a common packthread. Gulliver's Travels.
Su'mmit. n.f. [fummitaSiLal.] The top ; the utmoft height.
Have I fali’n or no ?
--From the dreadfummit of this chalky bourn !
Look up a-height, the Ihrill-gorg’d lark fo far
Cannot be feen or heard. Shakef King Lear.
/Etna’s heat, that makes the fummit glow,
Enriches all the vales below. Swift.
To SUMMON, v. a. [fummonso, Latin.]
j. To call with authority; to admonifh to appear; to cite.
Catefby, found lord Haftings,
And fummon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak. R. III.
The courfe of method fummoneth me to difeourfe of the in¬
habitants. Carew's Survey ofCornwal.
-The tirfan is aflifted by the governour of the city, where
the feaft is celebrated, and all the perfons of both fexes are
Jummoned to attend. Bacon.
Rely on what thou haft of virtue, fummon all. Milton.
Nor trumpetsfummon him to war.
Nor drums difturb his morning fleep. Dryden.
Love, duty, fafety, fummon us away;
’Tis nature’s voice, and nature we obey. Pope.
2. To excite; to call up ; to raife. With up emphatical.
When the blaft of war blows in our ears.
Stiffen the finews, fummon up the blood. Shakef Henry V.
Su'mmoner. n.f. [from fummonf\ One who cites; one who
fummons.
Clofe pent-up guilts
Rive your concealing continents, and alkThefe dreadful fummor.ers grace. Shakefp. King Lear.
Su'mmons. n.f. [from the verb.] A call of authority; admo¬
nition to appear; citation.
What are you ?
Your name, your quality, and why you anfwer
This prefent fummons ? Shakef. Ling Lear.
He fent to fummon the fediticus, and to offer paidon ; but
neitherfummons nor pardon was any thing regarded. Hayw.
The Tons of light
Hafted, reforting to the fummons high.
And took their feats. Miltons Paradife Loft.
Strike your fails atfummons, or prepare
To prove the laft extremities of war. D-ydcn.
Su'mtter. n f. [fommier, French ; fomaro, Italian.] A horfe
that carries the cloaths or furniture.
Return
SUN SUN
Return with her!
Perfuade me rather to be a flave and fumpter
To this detefted groom. Shakefp, King Lear,
With full force his deadly bow he bent,
And feather’d fates among the mules and fumpters fent. Dry,
Twofumpter mules, bred of large Handers mares.
Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Su'mption. n.f. [fromfumptus, Latin.] 7'he a£t of taking.
The fumption of the myfteries does all in a capable fubjeft. Taylor.
Sumptuary, adj. [fumptuarius, Latin.] Relating to ex¬
pence ; regulating the coft of life.
To remove that material caufe of fedition, which is want
and poverty in the eftate, ferveth the opening and well
balancing of trade, the banifhing of idlenefs, the reprefling of
walle and excefs by fumptuary laws. Bacon.
Sumptuo'sity. n.f. [fromfumptuous.] Expenfivenefs; coftlinefs.
He added fumptuofity, invented jewels of gold and ftone, and
fome engines for the war. Raleigh.
SU'MPTUOUS. adj. [fumptuofus, fromfumptus, Lat.] Coftly ; expenfive ; fplendid.
We fee how moft Chriftians flood then affe&ed, how joy¬
ful they were to behold the fumptnous ftatelinefs of houfes
• built unto God’s glory. Hook.r.
We are too magnificent and fumptuous in our tables and
attendance. F. Atterbury.
Su'mptuously. adv. [from fumptuous.'] Expenfively ; with
great coft.
This monument five hundred years hath flood,
Which I have fwrptucufy re-edified Shak litus Andronicus.
Ethelwold, bilhop of Winchefter, in a famine, fold all the
rich veffel- and ornaments of the church, to relieve the poor
with bread; and faid, there was no reafon that the dead tem¬
ples of God fhould be jumptu ufy furnifhed, and the living
temples fuffer penury. Bacon's Apophthegms.
A good employment will make you live tolerably in Lon¬
don, orfumptuoujly here. Swift.
Su'mptuousness. n.f [from fumptuous.] Expenfivenefs;
coftlinefs.
I will not fall out with thofe that can reconcile fumptu-ujnefs and charity. Boyle.
SUN. n.f. [funno, Gothick ; j-unna, j-unne, Saxon; fon, Dut.J
1. The luminary that makes the day.
Doth beauty keep which neverfun can^burn,
Nor florins do turn ? Sidney.
Bid her fleal into the pleached bow’r.
Where honeyfuckles, ripen’d by thefun.
Forbid the fun to enter. Shakefpeare.
Though there be but one fun exifting in the world, yet the
Idea of it being abllra«£led, fo that more fubftances might each
agree in it, it is as much a fort as if there were as many funs
as there are flars. Locke.
2. A funny place ; a place eminently warmed by the fun.
7 his place has choice of fun and fhade. Milton.
3. Anything eminently fplendid.
I will never confent to put out the fun of fovereignty to
pofterity, and all fucceeding kings. King Charles.
4. Under the Sun. In this world. A proverbial expretfion.
There is no new thing under the fun. Eccl. i. g.
To Sun. v. a. [from the noun.] To infolate ; to expofe to the
fun ; to warm in the fun.
The cry to fhgdy delve him brought at laft.
Where Mammon earft did fun his treafury. Fairy Sjhteen.
What aim’ll thou at ? delicious fare;
And then tofun thyfelf in open air. Dryden's Perf.
Su'nbeam. n.f. [fun and beam.] Ray of the fun.
The Roman eagle, wing’d
From the fpungy South to this part of the Weft,
Vanifh’d in the funbeams. Shakef. Cymbeline.
Gliding through the ev’n
On a funbeam. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
There was a God, a being diftineft from this vifible world ;
and this was a truth wrote with afunbeain, legible to all man¬
kind, and received by univerfal confent. South.
Su'nbeat. part. adj. [fun and beat.] Shone on by the fun.
Its length runs level with th’ Atlantic main,
And wearies fruitful Nilus to convey
Hisfunbeat waters by fo long a way. Dryden's Juv. Sat.
Su'nbright. adj. [fun and bright.] Refembling the fun in
brightnefs.
Gathering up himfelf out of the mire.
With his uneven wings did fiercely fall
Upon hisfunbright fhield. Fairy Ffueen.
Now would I have thee to my tutor:
How and which way I may bellow myfelf,
To be regarded in herfunbright eye. Shakefpeare.
High in the midft, exalted as a God,
Th’ apoftate in hisfunbright chariot fat,
Idol of majefty divine ! inclos’d
With flaming cherubims, and golden fhields, Milton;
Dryden.
Sunbu'rnino. n. f. [fun and burning.] The effe<ft of the fun
upon the face.
If thou can’ll love a fellow of this temper, Kate, whofe
face is not worthfunburning, let thine eye be thy cook. Shakef.
The heat of the fun may darken the colour of the fkin,
which we cal! funburning. Boyle.
Su'nburnt. participial adj. [fun and burnt.] Tanned; difcoloured by the fun.
Where fuch radiant lights have fhone, \
No wonder if her cheeks be grown C
Sunburnt with luftre of her own. Cleaveland. J
Sunburnt and fwarthy though the be.
She’ll fire for Winter nights provide.
How many nations of the funburnt foil
Does Niger blefs ? how many drink the Nile ? Blacbnore*
One of them, older and morefunburnt than the reft, told
him he had a widow in his line of life. Addijon.
Su nclad. part. adj. [fun and clad.] Clothed in radiance;
bright.
Su'nday. n.f [fun and day.] The day anciently dedicated to
the fun ; the firft day of the week; theChriftian fabbath.
If thou wilt needs thrufl thy neck into a*yoke, wear-the
print of it, and figh away Sundays. Shakefpeare.
An’ fhe were not kin to me, fhe would be as fair on Friday
as Helen is on Sunday. Shakefp. Troilus and Crefftda.
At prime they enter’d on the Sunday morn ;
Rich tap’ftry fpread the flreets. Drydep.
To Sunder. v. a. [pynbpran, Saxon.] To part; tofeparatej
to divide.
Vexation almofl flops my breath,
Thatfundred friends greet in the hour of death. Shakefp.
It isfundred from the main land by a fandy plain. Carew.
She that fhould all parts to reunion bow,
She that had all magnetick force alone,
To draw and faften fundred parts in one. Donne.
A fundred clock is piecemeal laid.
Not to be loft, but by the maker’s hand
Repolifh’d, without error then to flarid. Donne.
When both the chiefs arefunder a from the fight.
Then to the lawful king reflore his right. Dryden's Virgil*
1 h’ enormous weight was call.
Which Crantor’s bodyfunder'd at the waift. Dryden*
Bears, tigers, wolves, the lion’s angry brood.
Whom heav’n endu’d with principles of blood.
He wifelyfundred from the reft, to yell
In for efts. Dryden*
Bring me lightning, give me thunder;
^ -~-Jove may kill, but ne’er fhall funder. Granville*
Su'nder. n.f. [punbep, Saxon.] Two ; two parts.
He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the fpear infunder. Pf
Su'ndew. n.f An herb. Ainfwsrtb.
Sundi'a-L n.f. [dial and fun.] A marked plate on which the
fhadow points the hour.
All your graces no more you fhall have,
Than zfundial in a grave. Donne.
Tl e body, though it really moves, yet not changing per¬
ceivable diftance, feems to ftand flill; as is evident in the
fhadows of fundials. Locke.
Su/ndry. adj. [ yunbep, Saxon.] Several; more than
one.
That law, which, as it is laid up in the bofom of God, we
call eternal, receiveth, according unto the different kind of
things which are fubjedl unto it, different and fumr) kinds of
names. Mooi.er.
Not of one nation was it peopled, but of fundry people of
different manners. Spenfer.
He caufed him to be arrefted upon complaint of jundry
grievous oppreffions. Davies.
How can fhe feveral bodies know’,
If in herfelf a body’s form fhe bear?
How can a mirrourfundry faces fhow.
If from all fhapes and forms it be not clear? Davies:
I have compofedfundry colle&s, as the Adventual, Quadragefimal, Pafchal or Pentecoftal. Sanderfon.
Sundry foes the rural realm furround. Dryden.
Sundry in all manual arts are as wonderful. Locke.
Su'nflower. n.f. [coronafoils, Latin.] A plant.
7 he characters are: it hath a fquamous cup; the flowers
are radiated like the great ftarwort; the embryoes of the feeds
are diftinguifhed by little imbricated leaves in the difk; the
top of the ovary is crowned with two fmall leaves; the feeds
are pufhed out from the bottom of the flower, leaving a va¬
cuity which appears very like a honeycomb. Miller.
Sunflower, Little, n.f. [helianthemum, Latin.] A plant.
77ie charaaers are: the flower-cup confifts of three leases:
the flower, for the moft part, of five leaves, placed orbicu¬
larly, and expanded in form of a rofe; the pointal of the flower
becomes a globular fruit, which divides into three parts, having
three cells, which are filled with roundifh feeds fixed to fmall
caplllaments. Miller*.
IS R Sung*
Pope.
Pope.
S U1 N:
SONG. The preterite and participle paflive of frig.
A larger rock then heaving from the plain.
He whirl’d it round, itfung acrofs the main.
From joining ftones the city fpruitg,
While to his harp divine Amphion fung.
Sunk. The preterite and participle paflive ofJink.
We have large caVes: the deepeft are funk fix hundred
fathom, and fome digged and made under great hills. Bacon.
Thus we a6t and thus we are, _
Or tofs’d by hope orfunk by care. Prior.
Sunk in Thaleftris’ arms the nymph he found. Pope.
His fpirit quite funk with thofe reflections that folitude and
difappointments bring, he is utterly undiftinguilhed and for¬
gotten. . Swift.
Sunless. ad), [from/aw.] Wanting fun; wanting warmth.
He thrice happy on theJunlefs fide,
Beneath the whole collected fhade reclines. Phomfon.
Su'NLlKE. adj. [fun and like.J Refembling the fun.
The quantity of light in this bright luminary, and in the
, funlike fixt ftars, muft be continually decreafing. Cbeyne.
SuNny. adj. [fromfun.']
1. Refembling the fun ; bright.
She faw Duefia funny bright,
Adorn’d with gold and jewels fhining clear. Fairy Queen.
The eldeft, that Fidelia hight,
Likefunny beams threw from her cryftal face. Fai. Ejuecn.
My decay’d fair
A funny look of his would foon repair. Shakefpeare.
The chemift feeds
Perpetual flames, whofe unrefifted force
O’er fand and afhes and the ftubborn flint
Prevailing, turns into a fufile fea,
That in hi,s furnace bubblesfunny red. Philips.
2. Expofed to the fun ; bright with the fun.
About me round I faw
Hill, dale, and ftiady woods, and funny plains,
And liquid lapfe of murm’ring ftreams. Milton s Par. Lo/l.
Him walking on a funny hill he found,
Back’d on the North and Weft by a thick wood. Milton.
The filmy gofiamer now flits no more,
Nor halcyons bafk on the fhortfunny fhore. Dryden.
But what avail her unexhaufted ftores.
Her blooming mountains and herfunny fhores.
With all the gifts that heaven and earth impart.
The fmiles of nature, and the charms of art.
While proud oppreffion in her vallies reigns.
And tyranny ufurps her happy plains i Addifon,
3. Coloured by the fun.
Herfunny locks
Hang on her temples like a golden fleece. Shakefpeare,
Su'nrise. 7 n.f. [fun and rifing.J Morning; the appearSunri'sing. S ance of the fun.
Send out a purfuivant
To Stanley’s regiment; bid him bring his power
Before funrifmg. Shakefp. Richard III.
In thofe days the giants of Libanus mattered all nations,
from the funrifmg to the funfet. Raleigh’s FUJI, of the IVorId.
They intend to prevent the funrifmg. Walton’s Angler.
. We now believe the Copernican fyftem; yet, upon ordi¬
nary occafions, we fhall ftill ufe the popular terms of funrife
and funfet. Bentley.
Su'nset. n.f. [fun and feth] Clofe of the day; evening.
When the fun fets the air doth drizzle dew;
But for the funft of my brother’s fon
It rains downright. Shakefpeare.
The ftars are of greater ufe than for men to gaze on after
funfet. Raleigh.
.Atfunfet to their fhip they make return.
And fnore fecure on deck ’till rofy morn. Dryden.
He obfervant of the parting ray.
Eyes the calm funfet of thy various day
Through fortune’s cloud. Pope.
SuNshin'e. n.f [fun and Jhine.] ACtion of the fun; place
where the heat and luftre of the fun are powerful.
.That man that fits within a monarch’s heart,
And ripens i’n the funjhine of his favour,
Would he abufe the count’nance of the king.
Alack, what mifehiefs might be fet abroach,
Infhadowof fuch greatnefs ? Shakefp. Henry Wr.
He had been many years in thatfunjhine, when a new comet
appeared in court. Clarendon.
Sight no obftacle found here, nor fhade,
But allfuhjhine, as when his beams at noon
Culminate from th’ equator. Milton.
I that in his abfence
Blaz d like a ftar of the firft magnitude.
Now in his brighterfunfnne am not feen. Denham's Sophy.
Nor can we this weak Ihow’r a tempeft call.
But drops of heat that in thefunjhine fall. Dryden.
The cafes prevent the bees getting abroad upon everyJunJhine day. Mortimer's Husbandry.
-T The more favourable you are to me, the more diftindlly I
' S* U.-P'
fee my faults: fpots and blemifhcs are never fo plainly difepvered as in the WifnteQofunJFline.! F’ope.
SuNs h rn v. adj. [from junjbine. It was anciently accented .pn
the fecond fy liable,]-
1. Bright with the fun. : v '.,d
About ten in the morning, in funfuiny weather, we;topk
feveral forts of paper ftained. M :AC2. Bright like the fun. -
The fruitful-headed beaft, amaz’d - •
At flafhing beams of thatfunflnny ftvicld,
Became ftark blind, and.all his fenles daz\d> r.b
That down he tumbled. Fairy ^)/eenK
To Sup. v. a, [fuper, Norman French ; pupait, Saxon ; Jcepen,
Dutch.] To drink by mouthfuls; to drink by little at a time;
to fip.
Then took the angry witch her golden cup.
Which ftill Ihe bore replete with magick arts.
Death and defpair did many thereof fup. Spenfer;
There find a purer air
To feed my life with ; there i’llfup
Balm and neiiar in my cup. Crajhavtr.
We faw it fmelling to every thing fet in the room, and when
it had fmelt to them all, itJupped up the milk. Ray.
He call’d for drink ; you faw him fup
Potable gold In golden cup. Swift*
To SUP. v. n. [Jouper, French.] To eat the evening meal.
You’llfup with me ?
—Anger’s my meat; IJup upon myfelf, ,
And fo fhall ftarve with feeding. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
I have fupt full with horCours;
Direnefs, familiar to my ILught’rous thoughts.
Cannot once ftart me. Shakefp. Macbeth.
When they had fupped, they brought Tobias in. Fob. viii.
I fee all the pilgrims in the Canterbury tales as diftmdily as
if I had /upped with them. Dryden.
Late returning home, hefupp'd at eafe. Dryden.
To Sup. v. a. To treat with (upper.
He’s almoftfupp'd-, why have you left the chamber. Skak.
Sup them well, and look unto them all. . Shakefpeare.
Let what you have within be brought abroad.
To fup the ftranger. Chapman's Odyjfey.
Sup. n.f. [from the verb.] A (mail draught; a mouthful of
liquour.
Tom Thumb had got a littlefup,
And Tomalin fcarce kift the cup. Drayton.
A pigeon faw the pi&ure of a glafs with water in’t, and
flew eagerly up to’t for a fup to quench her thirft. L'EJlrange.
The leaft tranfgreffion of your’s, if it be only two bits and
one fup more than your ftint, is a great debauch. Swift.
Super, in compofition, notes either more than another, or more
than enough, or on the top.
SuNerable. adj. [fuperabilis, L2t. fuperable, French.] Con¬
querable ; fuch as may be overcome.
Su'peraBleNEsS. n.f. [from fuperable.] Quality of being
conquerable.
To Superabou'nd. v.n. [fuptr and abound] To be exube¬
rant; tobe ftored with more than enough.
This cafe returneth again at this time, except the clemency
of his majeftyfuperabound. Bacon.
She Juperabounds with corn, which is quickly convertible to
coin. Hcwel.
Superabundance, n.f. [fuper and abundance.] More than
enough; great quantity.
The precipitation of the vegetative terreftrial matter at the
deluge amongft the fand, was to retrench the luxury andfuperabundance of the produ&ions of the earth. Woodward.
Superabundant, adj. [J'uper and abundant.] Being more
than enough.
So much fuperabundant zeal could have no other defign than
to damp that fpirit raifed againft Wood. Swift.
Superabundantly, adv. [isomfuperabundant.] More than
fufficiently.
Nothing but the uncreated Infinite can adequately fill and
fuperabundantly fatisfy the defire. Cbeyne.
To Super a'dd. v, n. [fuperaddo, Latin.] To add over and
above ; to join any thing fo as to make it more.
The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the
nightingale’s voice fuperadded to the beauty of plumes. L'EJlr.
The fchools difpute, whether in morals the external adlion
fuperadds any thing of good or evil to the internal elicit a£t of
the will; but certainly the enmity of ourjudgments is wrought
up to an high pitch before it rages in an open denial. South.
The ftrength of any living creature, in thofe external mo¬
tions, is fomethingdiftina from and fuferadded unto its natu¬
ral gravity. Wilkins's.Math. Mag.
Superaddi'tion. n.f. [fuPer and addition ]
1, The aa of adding to fomething dfe. .
The fabrick of the eye, its fafe and ufeful fituation, and the
fuperaddition of mufcles, are a certain pledge of the exiftei.ee
of God. J£r‘-
2. That which is added.
Of thefe, much more than of the Jupcradditions* it
mav
SUP
I
imy be affirmed, that being the explications of a father of the
church, and not of a whole universal council* they were not
neceflary to be explicitly acknowledged. Hammond.
An animal, in the courfe of hard labour, feerns to be nothing
but veflels : let the fame animal continue long in reft* it will
perhaps double its Weight and bulk: this fupcraddition is no¬
thing but fat. Arbutbnoti
SuPERADVE'NiEKt. 'adj. [fup'Tadveniens, Latin.]
t. Coming to the increafe or affiftance of fomething.
The foul of man may have matter of triumph, when he has
done bravely by a foperadventent affiftance of his God. More.
2. Coming unexpectedly.
To Superannuate. v. a. [fuper and annus, Lat.] To im¬
pair or difqualify by age or length of life;
If fuch depravities be yet alive, deformity need not defpair,
nor will the eldeft hopes be everfuperamuated. Brown.
When the facramental teft was put in execution, the juftices
of peace through Ireland, that had laid down their commifftons, amounted only to a dozen, and thofe of the loweft for¬
tune, and Tome of them fuperunnuated. Swift.
To Superannuate, v.n. To laft beyond the year. Not in ufe.-
The dying of the roots of plants that are annual, is by the
over-expence of the fap into ftalk and leaves, which being
prevented, they will fjerannnate. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Superannu a'tio'N. n.f. [from fuperannuate.] The ftate of
being difqualified by years.
SUPE'RB. adj. [fuperbe> French; fuperbus, Latin.] Grand;
pompous; lofty; auguft ; ftately ; magnificent.
Supe'rr-lil Y. n.f. [methonica,ljat.] A flower.
Super.ca'rgo. n.f. [fuper and cargo.] An officer in the (hip
whofe bufinefs is to manage the trade.
I only wear it in a land of HeCtors,
Thieves, fupercargo’s, (harpers. Pope.
Supercele'stial. adj. [ fuper and celefial] Placed above the
Armament.
I dare not think that anyfupercelefial heaven, or whatfoever elfe, not himfelf, was increate and eternal. Raleigh.
Many were for fetching down I know not whatfupercelejlial
waters for the purpofe. Woodward’s Nat. Hijlory.
SUPERCI'LIOUS. adj. [fromfupercilium, Latin.] Haughty;
dogmatical; dictatorial; arbitrary; defpotick; overbearing.
Thofe who are one while courteous, within a fmall time
after are fo fupercilious, fierce, and exceptious, that they are
(hort of the true character of friendftiip. South.
Several fupercilious criticks will treat an author with the
greateft contempt, if he fancies the old Romans wore a
girdle. Addifin.
Superciliously. adv. [fromfupercilious.] Haughtily; dog¬
matically; contemptuoufly.
He, who was a punctual man in point of honour, received
this addrefs fuperctlioufiy enough, fent it to the king without
performing the lead ceremony. Clarendon.
Superciliousness., n.f. [from fupercilious.] Haughtiriefs;
contemptuoufnefs.
•Superconce'ption. n.f. [fuper and conception.] A concep¬
tion made after another conception.
Thofe fuperconceptions, where one child was like the father,
the other like the adulterer, feem idle. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
SupercoNsec^uence. n.f. [fuper and confluence.] Remote
confequence.
Not attaining the deuterofeopy, and fecond intention of the
words, they omit theirfuperconfcquences and coherences. Brown.
Supercre'scence. n.f. [fuper and crefco, Lat.] That which
grows upon another growing thing.
Wherever it groweth it maintains a regular figure,' like
other fupercrcfcences, and like fuch as, living upon the ftock of
others, are termed parafitical plants, Browns Vulgar Errours.
Supere'minence. 7 n.f. [fuper and emjneo, Latin.] UncomSupeke'minency. S mon degree of eminence; eminence
above others though eminent. .
The archbifhop of Canterbury, as he is primate over all
England and metropolitan, has a fupercmincncy, and even fome
power over the archbiftiop of York. Ayliffc’s Parergon.
Supere'minent. adj. [fuper and eminent ] Eminent in a
high degree.
As humility is in fuiters a decent virtue, fo the teftificati'on thereof by fuch effectual acknowledgments not only argueth a found apprehenfton of hisfupereminent glory and majefty before whom we ftand, but putteth alfo into his hands a
kind of pledge or bond for fecurity againft our unthankfulnefs. Hooker.
To Supere'rocate. v. n. [fuper and erogatio, Lat.] To do
more than fluty requires.
So by an abbey’s (keleton of late,
I heard ail eccho fipererogate
Through imperfeCtion, and the voice reftore,
As if (he had the hiccup o’er and o’er. Cleaveland.
Ariftode aCted- Iris own inftruCtions, and his obfequious fectators haveftpircragated in obfervance. Glanv. Scepf.
Supererogation, n.f. [fromJupererogate.] Performance of
ni" re than duty requires. *1 floiflw t/sdT £
There is no fuel] thing as works of Jupererogation; that no
SUP
friatt can do more than needs, and is his duty to do, by Way cf
preparation for another world. TUlotfon’s Sermons.
Sup erf/rogatory, adj. [fromfupererogate.] Performed be¬
yond the ftriCt demands of duty.
Supererogatory fervices, and too great benefits from fubjeCts
to kings, are of dangerous confequence. . i0wel.
Supere'xcellent. adj. [fuper and excellent.] Excellent be¬
yond common degrees of excellence.
We difeern not the abufe: fuffer him to perfuade us that
we are as gods, fomething fo fuperexcellent, that all muft reve¬
rence and adore. , Dec y of Piety.
Superexcrf/scence. n.f. [fuper and excrrfcence.] Something
fuperfluoufly growing.
As the efcar feparated between the fearideations, I rubbed
the fuperexcrefcence of flefih with the vitriol ftone. Wi,cman.
To Superfe'tate. v. n. [fuper andfoetus, Latin.] T o con¬
ceive after conception.
The female brings forth twice in one month, and fo is faid
to fuperfetate, which, faith Ariftotle, is becaufe her eggs are
hatched in her one after another. Grew’s Miifaum.
Superfet a'tion. n.f [fuperfetation,Yrench ; from /Uperfetate.] One conception following another, fo that both are in
the womb together, but come not to their full time for delivery
together. Jjuincy.
Superfetation muft be by abundance of fap in the bough
that putteth it forth. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
If the Juperfeiation be made with confiderable intermiffion,
the latter moft commonly becomes abortive; for the firft being
confirmed, engrofleth the aliment from the other. Brown.
Su'perfice. n.f. [fuperfide, Fr. fuperficies, Latin.] Outftde j
furface.
Then if it rife not to the former height
Offupt’rfice, conclude that foil is light. Dryden.
SUPERFPCIAL. adj. [fuperfdel, Fr. from fuperficies, Latin.]
1. Lying on the furface; not reaching below the furface.
That, upon the fuperfeial ground, heat and moifture caufe
putrefadfion, in England is found not true. Bacon.
From thefe phenomena feveral have concluded fome general
rupture in the fuperfeial parts of the earth. Gurnet.
There is not one infidel living fo ridiculous as to pretend to
folve the phenomena of fight, or cogitation, by thofe fleeting
fuperfeial films of bodies. Bentley.
2. Shallow; contrived to cover fomething.
Thisfuperfeial tale
Is but a preface to her worthy praife. Shake/. Henry VI.
3. Shallow; not profound; fmattering, not learned.
That knowledge is fo veryfuperfeial, and fo ill-grounded,
that it is impoffible for them to deferibe in what confifts the
beauty of thofe works. Dryden.
Superficiality, n.f. [from fuperfeial.] The quality of
being fuperficial.
By thefe falts the colours of bodies receive degrees of
luftre or obfeurity, fuperfciality or profundity. Brown. •
Superficially, adv. [Bomfuperficial.]
1. On the furface; not below the furface.
2. Without penetration; without clofe heed*
Perfpedlive hath been with fome diligence inquired ; but
the nature of founds in general hath been fuperfidaily ob¬
served. Bacon’s l\atural Hijlory,
His eye foJuperficially. furveys
Thefe things, as not to mind from whence they grow,
Deep under ground. Milton’s t aradife Loft.
3. Without going deep; without fearching to the bottom of
things.
You have faid well;
But on the caufe and queftion now in hand,
Have gloz’d butJuperficially. Shakcfp. Troilas and Creffda.
I have laid downJuperficially my prefent thoughts. Dryden.
Superficialness. n.f. [from fuperfeial.]
1. Shallownefs; pofition on the furface.
2. Slight knowledge ; falfe appearance ; (how without fubftance.
SUPERFl'CIES. n.f. [Latin.] Outftde; furface; fuperfice.
He on herfuperficies ftretch’d his line. Sandys.
A convex mirrour makes o^jedls in the middle to come out
from thefuperficies: the painter muft, in refpe^t of the light and
(liadows of his figures, give them more relievo. Dryden.
Superfi'ne. adj, [fuper and fine.] Eminently fine.
Some, by this journey of Jafon, underftand the myfteryof
the philofopher’s ftone: to which alfo otherJuperfine chymifts
draw the twelve labours of Hercules. L’Ejlrange.
If you obferve your cyder, by interpofing it between a
candle and your.eye, to be very transparent, it may be called
fuperfne. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
Superflu'itance. n.f. [fuper andfiuito, Latin.] The a<ft
of floating above.
Sperma ceti, which is afuperfluitan.ee on the fea, is not the
fperm ol a whaie. own’s Vu'gar Errours.
Superf l.u’itant. adj. [fuperJulians, Lat.] Floating above.
A chalky earth, beaten and fteeped in water, affordeth a
cream or fatnefs on the top, and a grofs fubftdence at the bot¬
tom : out of the cream, or fuperfiuitance, the fineft diffes are
made; out of the reftder.ee, the coarier, Brown.
Superflu ity.
SUP SUP
Superfluity, n.f [ fuperfluite, Fr. from fuperfluous.] More
than enough; plenty beyond ufe or neceflfity.
Having this way eafcd the church, as they thought, of fuperfuity, they went on till they had .plucked up even thofe
things which alfo had taken a great deal deeper root. Hooker.
They are as fick that furfeit with too much, as they that
ftarve with nothing ; therefore it is no mean happinefs to be
feated in the mean : fuperfluity comes fooner by white hairs,
but competency lives longer. Shakefpeare.
A quiet mediocrity is ftill to be preferred before a troubled
fuperfluity. Suckling.
Like the fun, let bounty fpread her ray,
And fhine thatfuperfluity. away. Pope.
Superfluous, ad), [fuper andfluo^ Lat.fuperfluyYr.] Exu¬
berant; more than enough; unneceflary; oftenfive by being
more than fufficient.
I think itfuperfluous to ufe any words of a fubje&fo praifed
in itfelf as it needs no praifes. Sidney.
When a thing ceafeth to be available unto the end which
gave it being, the continuance of it muft then appearfuperflu¬
ous. Hooker.
Ourfuperfluous lacqueys and our peafants.
Who in unneceflary a£lion fwarm
About our fquares of battle. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
A proper title of a peace, and purchas’d
At a fuperfluous rate. Shakefpeare.
As touching the miniftring to the faints, it is fuperfluous to
Write. 2 Cor. ix. i.
Horace will ourfuperfluous branches prune.
Give us new rules, and fet our harp in tune. Rofcommon.
If ye know,
Why afk ye, and fuperfluous begin
Your meflage, like to end as much in vain ? Milton.
Supe'rfluousness. n.f. [horn fuperfluous.] The ftate of be¬
ing fuperfluous.
Su'perflux. n.f. [fuper andfluxus, Latin.] That which is
more than is wanted.
Take phyfick, pomp;
Expofe thyfelf to feel what wretches feel.
That thou may’ft fhake the [uperflux to them. Shakefpeare.
SupERHu'man. adj. \fuper and humanus, Latin.] Above the
nature or power of man.
Superimpregnaction, n.f. [fuper and impregnation.'] Su¬
perconception ; fuperfetation.
Superincu'mbent. n.f. [fuper and incumbent, Latin.] Ly¬
ing on the top of fomething elfe.
It is fometimes fo extremely violent, that it forces the fluferincumbent ftrata; breaks them all throughout, and thereby
perfe<5lly undermines and ruins their foundations.
Woodward.
To Superindu'ce. v.a. [fuper and induce, Latin.]
1. To bring in as an addition to fomething elfe.
Relation is not contained in the real exiftence of things,
but fomething extraneous and fupcrinduced. Locke.
In children, favages, and ill-natured peop’e, learning not ha¬
ving caft their native thoughts into new moulds, nor by fluperinducing foreign doctrines, confounded thofe fair charadters na¬
ture had written, their innate notions might lie open. Locke.
2, To bring on as a thing not originally belonging to that on
which it is brought.
To fuperinduce any virtue upon a perfon, take the living
creature in which that virtue is moft eminent. Bacon.
Cuftom and corruptionfuperinduce upon us a kind of neceffity of going on as we began. UEflrange.
Father is a notion fuperinduced to the fubftance or man, and
refers only to an adl of that thing called man, whereby he con¬
tributed to the generation of one of his own kind, let man
be what it will. Locke.
Long cuftom of finning fuperinduces upon the foul new and
abfurd defires, like the diftemper of the foul, feeding only up¬
on filth and corruption. South’s Sermons.
Superinduction. n.f. [from fuper and induce.] The adl of
fuperinducing.
A good inclination is but the firft rude draught of virtue ;
thefuperinduttion of ill habits quickly deface it. South.
Superinje'ction. n.f. [fuper and injedtioa.] An injeclion
fucceeding upon another. Didl.
Superinstitu'tion. n.f. [fuper and inftitution.] [Inlaw.]
One inftitution upon another; as if A be inftituted and ad¬
mitted to a benefice upon a title, and B be inftituted and ad¬
mitted by the prefentation of another. Bailey.
To SUPERINTE'ND. v.a. [fuper and intend.] To overfee;
to overlook; to take care of others with authority.
The king will appoint a council who may fuperintend
the works of this nature, and regulate what concerns the co¬
lonies. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
This argues defign, and a fuperintending wifdom, power
and providence in this fpecial bufinefs of food. Dcrham.
Angels, good or bad, muft be furnifhed with prodigious
knowledge, to overfee Pcrfia and Grecia of old; or if any
fuch fuperintend the affairs of Great Britain now. Watts.
Superintendence. In. f. [fromfuper and intend.] SupeSuperinte'ndency. J riour care ; the adl of overfeeing with
authority.
Such an univerfal fuperintendency has the eye and hand of
providence over all, even the molt minute and inconfiderable
things. South’s Sermons.
The divine providence, which hath a viflble refpecl.to the
being of every man, is yet more obfervable in itsfuperintendency over focieties. Grew.
An admirable indication of the divine fuperintendetice and
management. Derham.
Superintendent, n.f. [fuperintendant^Yr. fromfuperintend.}
One who overlooks others authoritatively.
Next to Brama, one Deuendre is thdfuperintendent deity,
who hath many more under him. Stiliingfleet.
The world pays a natural veneration to men of virtue, and
rejoice to fee themfelves conduced by thofe who adl under
the care of a fupreme being, and who think themfelves ac¬
countable to the great Judge and Superintendent of human af¬
fairs. , _ Addifln.
Superiority, n.f. [fromfuperiour.] Pre-eminence; the qua¬
lity of being greater or higher than another in any refpedl.
Bellarmine makes the formal adl of adoration to be fubjedlion to a fuperiour; but he makes the mere apprehenlion
of excellency to include the formal reafon of it; whereas mefe
excellency withoutfuperiority doth not require any fubjecliou
but only eftimation. Stiliingfleet.
The perfon who advifes, does in that particular exercife
a fuperiority over us, thinking us defedlive in our condudl or
underftanding. Addifon’s Spefiator.
Supe riour. adj. [fuperieur, Ft.fluperior^ Latin.]
1. Higher; greater in dignity or excellence; preferable or pre¬
ferred to another.
In commending another you do yourfelf right; for he that
you commend is eitherfuperiour to you in that you commend,
orinferiour; if he be inferiour, if he be to be commended,
you much more: if he befuperiour, if he be not to be com¬
mended, you much lefs glorious. Bacon.
Althoughfluperior to the people, yet not fuperior to their
own voluntary engagements once palled from them. Taylor.
Heaven takes part with the opprefled, and tyrants are upon
their behaviour to a fluperior power. UEflrange.
Superior beings above us, who enjoy perfedl happinefs, are
more fteadily determined in their choice of good than we, and
yet they are not lefs happy or lefs free than we are. Locke.
He laughs at men of far fuperiour underftandings to his,
for not being as well drefled as himfelf. Swift,
2. Upper; higher locally.
By the refradlion of the fecond prifm, the breadth of the
image was not encreafed, but its fuperiour part, which in the
firft prifm fuffered the greater refradtion, and appeared violet
and blue, did again in the fecond prifm fuffer a greater refra¬
dtion than its inferiour part which appeared red and yellow.
Newton’s Opticks.
3. Free from emotion or concern; unconquered.
From amidft them forth he pafs’d.
Long way through hoftile fcorn ; which he fuftain’d
Superior, nor of violence fear’d ought. Milton.
Here paflion firft 1 felt,
Commotion ftrange ! in all enjoyments elfe
Superior and unmov’d. Milton.
There is not in earth a fpedtacle more worthy than a great
manfuperiour to his fufferings. Addifons Spectator.
Supe'riour. n.f. One more excellent or dignified than an¬
other.
Thofe under the great officers of ftate, have more frequent
opportunities for the exercife of benevolence than their fupe¬
riours. Addifln s Spectator.
Superla'tion. n. f. [fuperlatio, Latin.] Exaltation of any
thing beyond truth or propriety.
There are words that as much raife a ftyle as others can
deprefs it; fuperlation and overmuchnefs amplifies : it may
be above faith, but not above a mean. Ben. Johnfln.
SUPERLATIVE, adj. [fuperlatfl Yx.fluperlativus^ Latin.]
1. Implying or exprefling the higheft degree.
It is an ufual way to give tl^e fluperlative unto things of emi¬
nence ; and when a thing is very great, prefently to define it
to be the greateft of all. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Some have a violent and turgid manner oftalking and think¬
ing ; they are always in extremes, and pronounce concerning
every thing in the fluperlative. Watts.
2. Rifingto the higheft degree.
The high court of parliament in England is fluperlative.
Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
Martyrdoms I reckon amongft miracles; becaufe they feem
to exceed the ilrength of human nature; and I may do the like
offluperlative and admirable holinefs. 'Bacon.
The generality of its reception is with many the perfuading
argument of its fluperlative defert; and common judges meafure excellency by numbers. Glanvilie.
5 Ingratitude
SUP
Ingratitude and compaffion never cohabit in the famebreaft;
which Ihews the fuperlative malignity of this vice, and the
bafenefs of the mind in which it dwells. South's Sermons.
Superlatively, adv. [fromfuperlative ]
I. In a manner of fpeech exprefling the higheft degree.
I (hall not fpeak fuperlatively of them ; but that I may truly
fay, they are fecond to none in the Chriftian world. Bacon.
2.1 n the higheft degree.
Tiberius was bad enough in his youth; butfuperlatively
and monftroufly fo in his old age. South's Sermons.
The Supreme Being is a fpirit moft excellently glorious, fu¬
perlatively powerful, wife and good, Creator of all things. Bent.
Supe'rlativeness. n.f [fromfuperlative.] The ftate of be¬
ing in the higheft degree.
Superlu'nar adj. [Juper and luna.] Not fublunary ; placed
above the moon ; not of this world.
The mind, in metaphyficks, at a lofs,
May wander in a wildernefs of mofs;
The head that turns atfuperlunar things,
Pois’d with a tail, may fteer on Wilkins’ wings. Dunciad.
Supernal, adj. [fupernus, Latin.J
1. Having an higher pofition ; locally above us.
By heaven and earth was meant the folid matter and fubftance, a9 well of all the heavens and orbs jupernal, as of the
globe of the earth and waters which covered it Raleigh.
2. Relating to things above ; placed above ; caeleftial ; heavenly* r •
Thatfupernal Judge that ftirs good thoughts
In any breaft of ftrong authority.
To look into the bolts and ftains ofright, Shakefpeare.
He with frequent intercourfe
Thither will fend his winged meffengers,
On errands offupernal grace. Milton.
Both glorying to have ’fcap’d the Stygian flood,
As gods, and by their own recover’d ftrength.
Not by the fuff’ranee offupernal pow’r. Milton.
SUPERNATANT, adj. [fupernatans, Latin.] Swimming
above.
Whilft the fubftance continued fluid, I could fhake it with
thefupernatant menftruum, without making between them any
true union. Boyle.
Supernata'tion. n.f [fromfupernato> Latin.] The aft of
fwimmingon the top of any thing.
Touching the fupernatation of bodies, take of aquafortis
two ounces, of quickfilver two drams, the diffolution will not
• bear a flint as big as a nutmeg. Bacon's Nat. Hlftory.
Bodies are differenced by fupernatation^ as floating on wa¬
ter; for chryftal will fink in water, as carrying in its own
bulk a greater ponderofity than the fpace of any water it doth
occupy; and will therefore only fwim in molten metal and
quickfilver. Brown’s Fulgar Errours.
Supernatural, adj. [fuper and natural.] Being above the
powers of nature.
There refteth either no way unto falvation, or if any, then
furely a way which isfupernatural^ a way which could never
have entered into the heart of a man, as much as once to
conceive or imagine, if God himfelf had not revealed it ex¬
traordinarily ; for which caufe we term it the myftery or fecret way of falvation. Hooker.
Whenfupernatural duties are neceffarily exafted, natural
are not rejefted as needlefs. Hooker.
The underftanding is fecured by the perfection of its own
nature, or by fupernatural afliftance. Tillotfon.
What mifts of providence are thefe.
Through which we cannot fee ?
So faints by fupernatural power fet free
Are left at laft in martyrdom to die. Dryden.
Superna'tur ally. adv. [fromfupernatural.] In a manner
above the courfe or power of nature.
The Son of God came to do every thing in miracle, to love
fupernaturally, and to pardon infinitely, and even to lay down
the Sovereign while he affumed the Saviour. South's Sermons.
Supernumerary, adj. [ /upernumeraire, Frfuper andnumerusy
Lat.] Being above a ftated, a neceflary, an ufual, or a round
number.
Well if thrown out, asfupemumerary
To my juft number found ! Milton's Paradife Lojl.
In fixty three years there may be loft eighteen days, omit¬
ting the intercalation of one day every fourth year, allowed
for this quadrant or fix hoursfupemumerary. Brown.
The odd or fupemumerary fix hours are not accounted in
the three years after the leap-year. Holder.
The produce of this tax is adequate to the fervices for which
it is defigned, and the additional tax is proportioned to thefupernumerary expence this year. Addifon's Freeholder.
Antiochus Eupator began to augment his fleet; but the Ro¬
man fenate ordered his fupemumerary veffels to be burnt.
Arhuthnot on Coins.
Afupemumerary canon is one who does not receive any of
the profits or emoluments of the church, but only lives and
ferves there on a future expectation of fome prebend. Ayliffe.
SUP
Su'PERhLANT. n.f. [fuper and plant.] A plant growing up*
on another plant.
Nofuperplant is a formed plant but mifletoe. Bacon.
To Superpo'nderat£. v.a. [fuper and pondero, Latin.] To
weigh over and above. Di£l.
Superpropo'rtion. n.f. [fper and proportion Latin.] Over¬
plus of proportion.
No defeft of velocity, which requires as great afuperproportion in the caufe* can be overcome in an inftant. Digby.
SuperpuRga'tioN. n.f. [fupepurgation^Yt.fuper and purga*
/ion.] More purgation than enough.
There happening afuperpurgation, he declined the repeating
of that purge. IFifeman’s Surgery.
Superrefle'xion. n.f [fuper and reflexion.] Reflexion of
an image reflected.
Place one glafs before and another behind* you fhall fee
the glafs behind with the image within the glafs before, and
again the glafs before in that, and divers fuch fuperreflexionsi
till the fpecies fpeciei at laft die. Bacon's Natural Hiflory.
Supersa'lienc y. n.f. [fuper and falioy Latin; this were
better writtenfuperfilitncy.] The aft of leaping upon any thing.
Their coition is by fuperfaliencyy like that of horfes.
Brown.
To Superscribe, v.a. [f per andferibo, Latin.] To inferibe upon the top or outfide.
Fabretti and others believe, that by the two fortunes were
only meant in general the goddefs who fent profperity or af¬
flictions, and produce in their behalf an ancient monument,
fuperferibed. Addifon.
Superscription, n.f. [fuper and fcriptio7 Latin.]
1. The aft of fuperferibing.
2. That which is written on the top or outfide.
Doth this churlifh juperfetiption
Portend fome alteration in good will. Shakefpeare's H. VI.
Read me the fuperfeription of thefe letters; I know not
which is which. Shakefpeare’s Timon ofAthens*
Let me love her my fill
No fuperferiptions of fame,
Of honour or good name,
No thought but to improve
The gentle and quick approaches of my love* Suckling.
I learn of my experience, not by talk.
How counterfeit a coin they are who friends
Bear in theirfuperfeription; in profperous days
They fwarm, but in adverfe withdraw their head. Milton
It is enough her ftone
May honour’d be withfuperJcrlption
Of the foie lady, who had pow’r to move
The great Northumberland. Waller.
To Supersede, v.a. [fuper and fedeo, Latin] To make
void or inefficacious by fuperiour power ; to fet afide.
Paffion is the drunkennefs of the mind; and therefore in
its prefent workings not controlable by reafon; for as much
as the proper effeft of it is, for the time, tofuperfede the work¬
ings of reafon. South's Sermons.
In this genuine acceptation of chance, nothing is fuppofed
that can fuperfede the known laws of natural motion.
Bentley.
SUPERSEDEAS. [Inlaw.] Is a writ which lieth in divers
and fundry cafes; in all which it fignifies a command or requeft
to ftay or forbear the doing of that which in appearance of law
were to be done, were it not for the caufe whereupon the writ
is granted: for example, a man regularly is to have furety of
peace againft him of whom he will fwear that he is afraid; and
the juftice required hereunto cannot deny him: yet if the
party be formerly bound to the peace, in chancery or elfewhere, this writ lieth to ftay the juftice from doing that,
which otherwife he might not deny. Cowel.
The far diftance of this county from the court, hath here¬
tofore afforded it a fuperfedeas from takers and purveyours.
Carew's Survey ofCornwall.
Superse'rvice able, adj. \fuper and ferviceable ] Over offi¬
cious ; more than is neceflary or required.
A glafs-gazing, fuptrferviceable finical rogue. Shakefpeare.
SUPERSTITION, n.f. [fuperjlition, Fr. fuperjhtio, Latin.]
I* Unneceffary fear or fcruples in religion; obfervance of unneceffary and uncommanded rites or praftices; religion without
morality.
They the truth
Withfuperflitions and traditions taint. Milton.
A rev’rent fear, fuch fuperjlition reigns
Among the rude, ev’n then poffefs’d the fwains. Dryden.
2. Falfe religion; reverence of beings not proper objefts of re¬
verence; falfe worlhip. J
They had certain queftions againft him of their own fuperJtlUon' . Adis xxv i a
3- Over-nicety; exaftnefs too fcrupulous.
Su^HiAI!i7°rUS' [fuPerJiitteax> Fr.fuperflitiofus, Latin.]
1, e 0 uPerftition; full of idle fancies or fcruples with
regard to religion.
25 S At
I
SUP
At the kindling of the fire, and lighting of candles, they
fay certain prayers, and ufe'Tome otherfuperjlitious ntes, w iic. 1
fhew that they honour the fire and the light. PenJLl •
Havel
Been out of fondnefsfuperjlitioiis to him ?
And am I thus rewarded > Sh.i.ffeare'» Hmr, VIII.
Nature’s own work it Teem’d, nature taught a.t,
And to afuperjlitious eye the haunt
Of wood-gods and wood-nymphs. Milton.
A venerable wood.
Where rites divine were paid, whofe holy hatr
Was kept and cut withfuperjlitious care. Dryden.
2. Over accurate; fcrupulous beyond need.
Supersti'tiously. adv. [fromfuperjlitious.] In a fuperft!-
There reigned in this iftand a king, whofe memory or all
others we moft: adore; notfuperjlitioujly, but as a divine mftrument bacon.
Neither of thefe methods fhould be too fcrupuloufly, and
fuperjlitioujly purfued.
To Superstra/n. [fuper andfrain.] To ftram be¬
yond the juft ftretch. . . . . .
In the draining of a firing, the further it is frraine , t ic
lefs [uperjlraining goeth to a note. Bacon
To SUPERSTRU'CT. v. a [fuperjlruo,fuperftrufius, Latin.J
To build upon any thing. . .
Two notions of fundamentals may be conceived, one iignifying that whereon our eternal blifs is immediatelyfuperJlruMed. the other whereon our obedience to the faith of Chrilt is
founded. ... Hamm,id.
If his habit of fin have not corrupted his principles, the vitious Chriftian may think it reafonable to reform, and the
preacher may hope to fuperjlruft good life upon fuch a ounHammond’s Fundamentals.
This is the only proper bafis on which to fuperjlrutt firft;
innocency and then virtue. Pietf\
Superstru'ction. n.f [fromfUperjlrlift.] An edifice raifed
on any thing. .... ,
I want not to improve the honour of the living by impair¬
ing that of the dead ; and my own profeflion hath taught me
not to ereft newfuperjlruftions upon an old ruin. Denham.
Superstru'ctive. adj. [fromfuperftruft.] Built upon fomethingelfe. , r ,
He that is fo fure of his particular eleftion, as to refolve
he can never fall, muft neceflarilv refolve, that what were
drunkennefs in another, is not fo in him, and nothing but
the removing his fundamental error can refeue him from the
fuperftruSlive, be it never fo grofs. Hammond.
Superstructure, n.f. [fuper and flrudlure.] That whic
is raifed or built upon fomething elfe.
He who builds upon the prefent, builds upon the narrow
compafs of a point; and where the foundation is To narrow,
the fuperjlruciure cannot be high and ftrong too. South s Sermons.
Purgatory was not known in the primitive church, and ,s
afuperjlrufiure upon the Chriftian religion. Tillotfon.
You have added to your natural endowments thtfuperftructurcs of ftudy. . Dryden.
Supersubsta'ntial. ad], [fuper andfubflantial] More than
fubftantial. c a
SUPERVACA'NEOUS. adj. [fupervacaneus, Lat.] Superflu¬
ous; needlefs; unneceflary ; ferving to no purpofe. Dift.
Supervaca'neously. adv. [from the adjeftive.] Needlefsly.
Supervac a'neousness. n.f. [from the adjeftive.] Need-
• leffnefs. . Batley*
To SUPERVE'NE. v. n. [fupervenio, Lat.] To come as an
extraneous addition.
Such a mutual gravitation can neverfupervene to matter, unlefs imprefled by a divine power. _
Supervenient, adj. [fupervemens, Latin.] Added; additl°lfa it were unjuft to murder John, the fupervenient oath did
not extenuate the Taft, or oblige the jur«r unto it. ffro nThat branch of belief was in himfupervenient to Lhrdtian
practice, and not all Chriftian praftice built on that. Ham.
Superve'ntjon. n.f [horn fupervene.] TheaftoffuperveTo SUPERVISE, v.a. [fuper and vifus, Latin.] To over¬
look ; to overfee; to intend. . . • M. Bayle fpeaks of the vexation of the fupervrfing of tne
prefs, in terms fo feeling that they move companion. Congreve.
Supervisor, n.f [fromfupervife.] Anoverfeer; an mfpector ; a fuperintendant. .
Afupervifor may fignify an overfeer of the poor, an lnipecror of the cuftoms, a furveyor of the high ways, 2.fupervi¬
for of the excife. Watts s Lognk.
How fatisfy’d, my lord!
Would you be fupervijor, grofsly gape on ? Shakefpeare.
I am informed of the author and Jupervifors of this pamPhlet. r, • . _ _ _ Dr\d,nTo Supervise, v. n. [Juper and viviy Lat.] I o overlive;
to outlive.
S U P
Upon what principle can the foul be imagined to be natu¬
rally mortal, or what revolutions in nature will it not be able
to refift and fupervive. _ . Clarke.
Supina'tjon. n.f. [fupination, Fr from Jupino, Latin.J 1 e
aft of lying with the face upward. y
SUPl'NE. adj. [ fupinus, Latin.]
1. Lying with the face upward.
Upon thefe divers pofitions in man, wherein the fpine can
only be at right lines with the thigh, ariie thole remarkable
poftures, prone, fupine, and ereft. Browns Vulgar Errours.
At him he lanc’d his fpear, and pierc’d his breaft ;
On the hard earth the Lycian knock’d his head.
And lay Jup ne; and forth the fpilit fled. Dryden.
What advantage hath a man by this ereftion above other
animals, the faces of moft of diem being more fupine than
ours< i Kay on the Creation.
7. Leaning backwards with expofure to the fun.
If the vine,
On rifing ground be plac’d or hillsfupine,
Extend tny loofe battalions. Dryden.
3. Negligent; carelefs; indolent; droufy; thoughtlefs; inat¬
tentive. ..
Thefe men fuffer by their abfence, filence, negligence, or
r . j King Charles, fupine credulity.
Supine amidft our flowing ftore _ ,
We flept fccureiy. . DrSdmSupine in Sylvia’s fr.owy arms he lies.
And all the bufy cares of life defies. ,1**'
He became pufillanimous andfupine, and openly expoied to
. • Woodward.
any temptation. _ . _ „
Su'pine. n.f [fupin, French ;fupinum, Latin.] In Orammar
a term fignifying a particular kind ol verbal noun.
Supi/nely. adv. [from fupine.]
1. With the face upward.
2. Drowfily ; thoughtlefsly ; indolently.
Who on the beds offin fupinely lie, ,
They in the fummer of their age (hall die. Sandys.
The old imprifon’d king,
Whofe lenity firft pleas’d the gaping crowd;
But when long try’d, and found fupinely good,
Like iEfop’s log, they leapt upon his back. . Dryden.
He panting on thy breaftfupinely lies, _ While with thy heav’nly form he feeds his famifh d eyes.
Dryden’s Lucretius.
Beneath a verdant laurel’s fliade,
Horace, immortal bard, fupinely laid. Prior,
Wilt thou then repine
To labour for thyfelf ? and rather chufe
To liefupinely, hoping heaven will blefs ^ _
Thy flighted fruits, and give thee bread unearn d Philips.
SupPneness. n.f. [fromfupine.]
1. Pofture with the face upward.
2. Drowfinefs; careleflnefs; indolence. _ .
When this door is open to let diftenters in, coniidenng
their induftry and ourfupinenefs, they may in a very few years
grow to a majority in the houle of commons. Swift.
Supi'nity. n.J. [from fupine.]
1, Pofture of lying with the face upwards.
2. Careleffnefs ; indolence ; thoughtleflhefs.
The fourth caufe of errour is a Jupinity or negleft of enquiry',
even in matters wherein we doubt, rather believing than go¬
ing to fee. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Suppeda/neous. adj. [fub andpes, Latin.] Placed under the
^ He had {lender legs, but encreafed by riding after meals ;
that is, the humour defeended upon their pendulolity, they
having no fupport orfuppedaneous {lability. rown.
SU'PPER. n.f [fouper, French. See Sup.] 1 he lait meal
of the day ; the evening repaft. .
To-night we hold a folemn fupper. Shakefpeare.
I’ll to my book :
For yet, erefupper-time, muft I perform
Much bufinefs. Shakefpeare s dernpej .
Th’ hour offupper comes unearn’d. Milton.
Su'pperless. adj. [fromfupper.] Wanting (upper; 1 ailing
at night. ,
Suppofe a man’s going fupperlefs to bed, fhould intro uce
him to the table of fome great prince. 01 ’
She ey’d the bard, whertofupperlefs he fat,
And pin’d. . ,
To SUPPLA'NT. v. a. [fupplanter, French; fub and pla ,
Latin.]
I. To trip up the heels.
His legs entwining
Each other, till fupplanted down he fell;
A ZfZn*Vo°^witffhafty ftride,
2. To
SUP
2. To difplace by ftratagem; to turn out.
It is Philoclea his heart is fet upon ; it is my daughter I
have borne to fupplant me. Sidney.
Upon a juft furvey, take Titus’part,
And Co fupplant us for ingra'itude. Shake]peare.
3. To difplace; to overpower ; to force away.
If it be fond, call it a woman’s fear ;
Which fear, if better reafons canfupplant,
I will fubferibe* and fay, I wrong’d the duke. Shakefpeare.
Suppla'nter. n.f [fromfupplant.] One that fupplants; one
that difplaces.
SUPPLE, ad] [fouple, French.]
1. Pliant; flexible.
The joints are morefupple to all feats of a&ivity in youth
than afterwards. Bacon.
Will ye fubmit your necks, and chufe to bend
Thefupple knee ? Miltori s Parad. Lojl.
2.
And fometimes went, and fometimes ran
Withfupple joints, as lively vigour led. Milton.
No women are apter to fpin linen Well than thelrifli, who
labouring little in any kind with their hands, have their fingers
more Jupple and foft than other women of the poorer condi
tion in England.
Yielding; foft; not obflinate.
. When we’ve fluff'd
Thefe pipes ard thefe conveyances of blood
With wine and feeding, we have fuppler fouls
Than in our prieftlike Efts. Shakefp
Ev’n fofter than thy own, offuppler kind,
, More exquifite of tafte, and more than man refin’d. Dryden.
If punifhment reaches not the mind, and makes not the
will fupple, it hardens the offender. Locke.
, Flattering; fawning; bending.
There is fomething fo fupple and infinuating in this abfurd unnatural doddrine, as makes it extremely agreeable to a
prince’s ear. Addifon.
. That which makes fupple.
Each part depriv’d of fupple go\rernment.
SUP
Si/ppi.iANT. adj. [fuppliant, Fr.] Entreating; befeeching .
precatory; fubmiffive. \. . . . ,
To thofe legions your levy
Muff be fuppliant. Shakefpeare's Cymheline.
To bow and fue for grace withfupplTant knee. Milton.
The rich growfuppliant, and the poor grow proud ;
Thofe offer mighty gain, and thefe afk more. Dryden.
Conftant to his firft decree,
To bow the haughty neck, and raife thefuppliant knee.
Prior.
Su pplia nt. n. f. [from the adje&ive.] An humble petitioner j
one who begs fubmiffively.
A petition from a Florentine I undertook,
Vanquifh’d thereto by the fair grace and fpeech
Ofthe poorfuppliant. Shakefpeare.
When corn was given them gratis, you repin’d ;
Scandal’d thefuppliants for the people, call’d them
Time-pleafers, flatterers. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Hourly fuitors come:
The eaft with incenfe and the weft with gold,
Will ftand like fuppliants to receive her doom. Dryden.
Spare this life, and hear thy fuppliant's prayer. Dryden.
Temple. Su'pplicant. n. f. [from fupplicate.] One that entreats or
implores with great fubmiliion ; an humble petitioner.
The prince and people ofNineveh affembling themfelves as
a main army of fupplicants, God did 4nct withftand them.
Hooker,
The wifefupplicants though he prayed for the condition he
thought moft definable, yet left the event to God. Rogers.
Abraham, inftead of indulging the fupplicant in his defire
of new evidence, refers him to what his brethren had. Atterbury.
To SUTTLICA TE. v. n. [fupplier, Fr.fupplico, Lat. from fupplex.] To implore; to entreat; to petition fubmiffively and
humbly.
Many things a man cannot with any comelinefs fay or do,
a man cannot brook to fupplicate or beg. Bacon.
Thither the kingdoms and the nations come.
In fupplicating crowds to learn their doom. Addifon.
eare.
Shall ftiff, and ftark, and cold appear, like death. Shakefp. Supplication, n.f. [fuppHcationsFr. from fupplicate.]
To Supple, v. a. [ from the adjeeftive.]
1. To make pliant; to make foft; to make flexible.
Peultices allaying pain, drew down the humours, andfuppled the parts, thereby making the paffages wider. Temple.
Tofupple a carcafs, drench it in water. Arbuthnot.
2. To make compliant.
Knaves having by their own importunate fuit, .
Convinc’d orfuppl'd them, they cannot chufe,
But they mult blab. Shakefpeare's Othello
A mother perfifting till {he had bent her daughter’s mind,
and fuppled her will, the only end of correlation, {he eftablifhed her authority thoroughly ever after. Locke on Education.
To Supple, v. n. To grow foft; to grow pliant.
The ftones
Did firft the rigour of their kind expel.
Andfuppled into foftnefs as they fell. Dryden.
SUPPLEMENT, n.f [fupplement, Fr. fupphmentum, Latin.]
Addition to any thing by which its defeefts are fupplied.
Unto the word of God, being in refpeeft of that end for
which God ordained it, perfect, exadt, and abfolute in itfelf,
we do not add reafon as a fupplement of any maim or defedt
therein, but as a neceffary inftrument, without which we
could not reap by the feriptures perfedtion that fruit and bene¬
fit which it yieldeth. Hooker.
His blood will atone for our imperfection, his righteoufnefs
be imputed in fupplement to what is lacking in ours. Rogers.
Supplemental, ladj. [fromfupplement.~\ Additional; fuch
Supplementary. \ as may fupply the place of what is loft
or wanting.
Supplemental adts of ftate were made to fupply defedts of
laws; and fo tonnage and poundage were colledted. Clarendon.
Divinity would not then pafs the yard and loom, nor preach¬
ing be taken in as an eafierfupplementary trade, by thofe that
difliked the pains of their own. Decay of Piety.
Provide his brood next Smithfield fair.
With fupplemental hobby horfes ;
And happy be their infant courfes. Prior.
Suppleness, n.f. [fouplejfe, Fr. fromfupple.]
j, Pliantnefs ; flexibility; readinefs to take any form.
The fruit is of a pleafant tafte, caufed by the fupplenefs and
gentlenefs of the juice, being that which maketh the boughs
alfo fo flexible. Bacon's Natural Hfiory.
2. Readinefs ofcompliance; facility.
Study gives ftrength to the mind, converfation grace; the
firft apt to give ftiffnefs, the otherfupplenefs. Temple.
A compliance studfupplenefs ok their wills, being by a fteady
hand introduced by parents, will feem natural to them, pre¬
venting all occdfions of ftruggling. . Locke.
Si/ppletory. n.f. [fuppletorium, Latin.] That which is to
.. ,rt fill up deficf^fit^li^01 yU.3 o;fi liuifldQ _fn
That f/ppletory'of an implicit belief it. by Romanifts con¬
ceived fufficient for thofe not capable of an explicit. Hamm.
1. Petition humbly delivered ; entreaty.
My lord protestor will come this way by and by, and then
we may deliver ourapplications in the quill. Shakefpeare.
My mother bows,
As if Olympus to a mole-hill fliould
In fupplication nod. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
2. Petitionary worfhip ; the adoration of a fuppliant or petitioner.
Praying with all prayer and fupplication, with all perfeverance and fupplication for all faints. Eph. vi. 18.
Bend thine ear
Tofupplication; hear his fighs though mute. Milton.
Thefe prove the common practice of the worlhip of ima¬
ges in the Roman church, as to the rites offupplication and
• adoration, to be as extravagant as among the heathens. Stilling.
Wefhould teftify our dependence upon God, and our con¬
fidence of his goodnefs by conftant prayers and fapplications
for mercy. Tillotfon.
To Supply', v. a. \_fuppleo, Lat. fuppleery French.]
1. To fill up as any deficiencies happen.
Out of the fry of thefe rakehell horfebeys are their kearn
fupplied and maintained. Spenfer.
2. To give fomething wanted ; to yield ; to afford.
They were princes that had wives, fons, and nephews; and
yet all thefe could notfupply the comfort of friendship. Bacon.
I wanted nothing fortune could fupplyy
Nor did {he {lumber ’till that hour deny. Dryden.
3. To relieve.
Although I neither lend nor borrow,
T et, tofupply the ripe wants of my friend,
I’ll break a cuftom. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
4. To ferve inftead of.
Burning lhips thebanifh’d fun fupply,
And no light Alines but that by which men die.
5. To give or bring, whether good or bad.
Nearer care fupplies
Sighs to my breaft, and forrow to my eyes.
To fill any room made vacant.
Upftart creatures tofupply our vacant room.
The fun was fet; and Vefper, to fupply
His abfent beams, had lighted up thefky.
7. To accommodate ; tofurnifh.
While trees the mountain-tops with {hadesfupply,
Your honour, name, and praife ftiall never die. 'Dryden
The reception of light muft bofupplied by feme open form
of the fabrick. r jyotton
My lover turning away feveral old fevants, fitpdiml
with others from his own houfe. 1 c y.
Supply', n.f [from the verb.] Relief of want; cure of dffil
ciencies,
I mean that now your abundance may be a fupply for their
% that their abundance alfe may be afupply'for vour want.
g Cor. viii. 14.
6.
TValler.
Prior.
Milton.
Drydien.
want.
Arc
SUP
Art from that fund each juft fupply provides,
Works without {how, and without pomp prefides. Pope.
To SUPPO'R F. v. a. [fupporter, French; fupportare, Ital.J
I* Tofuftain; to prop; to bear up.
Stooping to fupport each flow’r of tender ftalk. Milton.
T he palace built by Picus, vaft and proud,
Supported by a hundred pillars ftood. Dryden.
The original community of all things appearing from this
donation of God, the fovereignty of Adam, built upon his pri¬
vate dominion, muft fall, not having any foundation to fupport it. Locke.
2. To endure any thing painful without being overcome
Strongly to fuffer and Jupport our pains. Milton.
Could’ft thou fupport that burden ? Milton.
This fierce demeanour, and his infolence.
The patience of a god could notfupport. Dryden.
3. To endure.
She fcarce awake her eyes could keep,
Unable tofuppott the fumes of fleep. Dryden.
None canfupport a diet of flefih and water without acids, as
fait, vinegar, and bread, without falling into a putrid fever.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
4. To fuftain ; to keep from fainting.
With inward confelations recompens’d,
A nd oftfupported. Milton.
Support, n.f [fupport, French; from the verb.]
t. Aft or power of luftaining.
Though the idea we have of a horfe or ftone be but the colleftion of thofe feveral fenfible qualities which we find united
in them, yet, becaufe we cannot conceive how they fhould
fubfift alone, we fuppofe them exifting in and fupported by
fome common fuhjeft, which fupport we denote by the name
fubftance, though it be certain we have no clear idea of that
fippo't. ' ' Locke
2. Prop; fuftaining power.
3. NecefTaries of life.
4. Maintainance; fupply.
Suppo'rtable. adj. [ fupportable, French; from fupport.']
Tolerable; to be endured. It may be obferved that Shakefpeare accents the firft fyllable.
As great to me, as late; and, fupportable
To make the dear lofs, have I means much weaker
Than you may call to comfort you. Sbak, Tempefl.
Alterations in the projeft of uniting Chriftians might be
veryfupportable, as things in their own nature indifferent. Sw.
I wifh that whatever part of misfortunes they muft bear,
may be renderedfupportable to them. Pope.
Suppo^rtableness. n.f. [from fupportable.] The ftate of
being tolerable.
Suppo'rtance. ) n.f. [from fupport.] Maintenance; fupSupforta'tion. J port. Both thefe words are obfolete.
Give fome fupportance to the bending twigs. Shakefpeare.
His quarrel he finds fcarce worth talking of, therefore draw
for the fupportance of his vow. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
The benefited fubjeft fhould render fome fmall portion of
his gain, for thefupportation of the king’s expence. Bacon.
Suppo'rter. n.f. [fromfupport.]
1. One that fupports.
You muft walk by us upon either hand,
And good fupporters are you. Shake!'. Mcaf. for Meafure.
Becaufe a relation cannot be founded in nothing, and the
thing here related as afupporter, or a fupport, is not reprefented
to the mind by any diftinft idea. Locke.
2. Prop ; that by which any thing is borne up from falling.
More might be added of helms, crefts, mantles, and fup¬
porters. Camden.
The fockets and fupporters of flowers are figured. Bacon.
We (hall be difeharged of our load ; but you, that are defigned for beams and fupporters, (hall bear. L’EJlrange.
There is no lofs of room at the bottom, as there is in a
building fet upon fupporters. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
3 Suftainer; comforter.
1 he faints have a companion andfupporter in all their mifenes- South’s Sermons.
4. Maintainer; defender.
The beginning of the earl of Effex I muft attribute in great
part to my lord of Leicefter; but yet as an introducer orfup¬
porter, not as a teacher. - Wotton.
All examples reprefent ingratitude as fitting in its throne,
with pride at its right hand, and cruelty at its left; worthy
fupporters of fuch a reigning impiety. South.
Love was no more, when loyalty was gone,
The great fupporter of his awful throne. Dryden.
Sl PPO sable. adj, [\xomfuppofe.] That may be fuppofed.
Invincible ignorance is, in the far greateft number of men,
ready to be confronted againft the neceflity of their believing
all the fevcrals of anyfuppfable catalogue. Hammond.
oupposal. n.f [wornfuppofe.] Pofition without proof; ima¬
gination; belief.
Young Fortinbras,
Holding a weakfuppofal of our worth.
Thinks our ftate to be out of frame. Shakefpeare.
4
SUP
Little can be looked for towards the advancement of natu¬
ral theory, but from thofe that are likely to mend our profpeft:
the defeft of events, and fenfible appearances, fuffer us to pro¬
ceed no further towards fcience, than to imperfeft gueffes and
timoTomfuppofals. Glanv. Scepf. Preface.
Intereft, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon fuppofal at
leaft of a firm and fufficicnt bottom. South.
Artful men endeavour to entangle thoughtlefs women by
boldfuppofah and offers. Clarijfa.
To SUPPOSE, v. a. [fuppofer, French; fuppono, Latin.]
1. To lay down without proof; to advance by way of argument
or illuftration without maintaining the truth of the pofition,
Suppofe fome fo negligent that they will not be brought to
learn by gentle ways, yet it does not thence fol'ow that the
rough difeipline of the cudgel is to be ufed to all. Locke.
2. To admit without proof.
This is to be entertained as a firm principle, that when we
have as great affurance that a thing is, as we could poffibly,
fuppofing it were, wc ought not to make any doubt of its
exiftence. Tillotfon.
3. To imagine; to believe without examination.
Tell falfe Edward, thyfuppofed king,
That Lewis of France is fending over mafkers. Shakefp.
Let not my lord fuppfe that they have flain all the king’s
foils ; for Ammon only is flain. 2 Sa. xiii. 32.
IJu!p°fe vve fhould compel them to a quick refult. Milton.
4. To require as previous to itfelf.
Thisfuppofetb fomething, without evident ground. Hale.
One falfhood always Juppofes another, and renders all you
can fay fufpefted. Female Quixote.
Su'ppose. n.f [from the verb.] Suppofition ; pofition without
proof; unevidenced conceit.
That we come fhort of ourfuppofe fo far.
That after fev’n years fiege, yet Troy-walls ftand ? Shakefp.
Is Fgypt’s fafety, and the king’s, and your’s.
Fit to be trufted ©n a bare fuppofe
I hat he is honeft? Dryden’s Cleomenes.
Suppo'shR. n.f. [from fuppofe.] One that fuppofes.
Thou haft by marriage made thy daughter mine.
While counterfeitfuppofers bleer’d thine eyne. Shakefpeare.
Supposition, n.f [fuppofition, French; from fuppofe.] Po¬
fition laid down ; hypothecs ; imagination yet unproved.
. In faying he is a good man, underftand me that he is fufficient; yet his means are in fuppofition. Shakefpeare.
Sing, fyren, for thyfelf, and I will dote; "
Spread o’er the filver waves thy golden hairs,
And as a bed I’ll take thee, and there lye;
And in that gloriousfuppofition think
He gains by death, that hath fuch means to die. Shakefp.
This is only an infallibility upon fuppofition, that if a thing
be true, it is impoflible to be falfe. Tilltfon.
Such an original irrefiftible notion is neither requifite upon
fuppofition of a Deity, nor is pretended to by religion. Bentley.
Supposititious, adj. [fromfuppoftus, fuppofititius, Lat.J Not
genuine; put by a trick into the place or charafter belonging
to another.
The deftruftion of Muftapha was fo fatal to Solyman’s line,
as the fucceflion of the Turks from Solyman is fufpefted to be
of ftrange blood ; for that Selymus II. was thought to b0fup¬
pofititious. Bacon.
It is their opinion that no man ever killed his father; but
that, if it fhould ever happen, the reputed fon muft have been
illegitimate, fuppofititious, or begotten in adultery. Acldifon.
Some alterations in the globe tend rather to the benefit of
the earth, and its productions, than their deftruftion, as all
thokfuppofititious ones manifeftly would do. IVo'dward.
Suppositi'tiousness. n.f [from fuppofititious.] State of
being counterfeit.
Suppo'sitively. adv. [fromfuppofe] Upon fuppofition.
The unreformed finner may have fome hope fuppofitively, if
he do change and repent: the honeft penitent may hope pofitively. __ __ . Hammond.
Suppository, n.f. [fuppoftoire, Fr. fuppofitonutn, Latin.I
A kind of foiid clyfter.
Nothing relieves the head more than the piles, thereforeyi^-
pojitot ies of honey, aloes, and rock-falt ought to be tried. Arb.
To SU PPRESS. v. a. [fupprimo,fupprejjus, Lat. fupprimer, Fr.]
1. To crufh; to overpower; to overwhelm; tofubdue; to re¬
duce from any ftate of activity or commotion.
Glo’fter would have armour out of the Tower,
To crown himfelf king andfupprejs the prince. Ska.k. HNl.
Every rebellion, when it is fupprejfed, doth make the fubject weaker, and the prince ftronger. - Davies on Ireland.
Sir William Herbert, with a well armed and ordered com¬
pany, fet fharply upon them ; and oppreffing fome of the forwardeft of them by death,fupprejfed the refidue by fear. Hajw.
2. To conceal; not to tell; not to reveal.
Things not reveal’d, which th’ invifible King,
Only omnifeient, hath fupprefs’d in night. Milton.
Still {he fupprefes the name, and this keeps him in a pleafing
fufpenfe; and, in the very clofe of her fpeech, {he indireftly
mentions it. Broome’s N\tei on the Od\ffey.
3. To
SUP
V To keep'in; not to let out.
Well <3id’ll: thou, Richard, tofupprefs thy voice }
For had the paflions of thy heart burft out,
I fear we Ihould have feen decypher’d there
More ranc'rous fpight, more furious raging broils. Shakefp.
Suppression, n.f [fupprejjten,Fr. fupprejfo,Lat. from.fupprefs.]
1. The aft of fuppreffing.
2. Not publication. '
You may depend upon a fupprejfion of thefe verfes. Pope.
Suppressor, n.f. [ from fupprefs. ] One that fupprefles,
crulhes, or conceals.
To SUPPURATE, v. a. [from pus puris, Lat. fuppurer, Fr.]
To generate pus or matter.
This difeafe is generally fatal: if itfuppurates the pus, it is
evacuated into the lower belly, where it produceth putrefac¬
tion. Arbuthnot on Diet.
To Su'ppurate. v. n. To grow to pus.
Suppura'tion. n.f [fuppurati n, French; from fuppurate.]
i. The ripening or change of the matter of a tumour into pus.
If the inflammation be gone too far towards a fuppuration,
then it mull be promoted with fuppuratives, and opened by
incifion. Wifeman.
This great attrition mull produce a great propenfity to the
'putrefcent alkaline condition of the fluids, and confequently
to fuppurations. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
1. The matter fuppurated.
The great phyfician of fouls fometimes cannot cure with¬
out cutting us : fin has feftered inwardly, and he mull launce
the impofthume, to let out death with thefuppuration. South.
Su'ppurative. adj. [fuppwatif.\ French; from fuppurate.]
Digeftive; generating matter.
Supputa'tion. n.f [fupputation, French ; fupputo, Latin. ]
Reckoning; account; calculation; computation.
From thefe differing properties of day and year arife diffi¬
culties in carrying on and reconciling thefupputation of time in
long meafures. Holder on Time.
The Jews faw every day their Meffiah Hill farther removed
from them ; that the promifes of their doctors, about his fpeedy
manifeftations, were falfe; that the predictions of the prophets,
whom they could now no longer underftand, were covered
with obfcurity ; that all the fupputations of time either termi¬
nated in Jefus Chrift, or were without a period. Wejl.
To Suppu'te. v. a. [from fupputo, Latin.] To reckon; to
calculate.
SIJ'PRA, [Latin] in compofition, fignifles above, or before.
Suprala'psary. adj. [fupra and lapfus, Latin.] Antecedent
to the fall of man.
Supravu'lgar. adj. [fupra and vulgar.] Above the vulgar.
None of thefe motives can prevail with a man to furnilh
himfelf with fupravulgar and noble qualities. Collier.
Supremacy, n.f [from fupreme.] Higheft place; higheft
authority; ftate of being fupreme.
No appeal may be made unto any one of higher power, in
as much as the order of your difcipline admitteth no Handing
inequality of courts, no fpiritual judge to have any ordinary
fuperior on earth, but as manyfupremacies as there are parilhes
and feveral congregations. Hooker.
As we under heav’n are fupreme head,
So, under him, that greatfupremacy,
Where we do reign, we will alone uphold. Shakef K. John,
I am alham’d that women
Seek for rule, fupremacy, and fway,
When they are bound to ferve, love, and obey. Shakefp.
Put to proof his high fupremacy,
Whether upheld by ftrength, or chance, or fate. Milton.
Henry VIII. had no intention to change religion: he con¬
tinued to burn proteftants after he had caff off the pope’s
fupremacy. Swift.
You’re formed by nature for this fupremacy, which is already
granted from the diftinguilhing character of your writing.
Dryden to Dorfet.
To deny him thisfupremacy is to dethrone the Deity, and
give his kingdom to another. Rogers.
From fome wild curs that from their mailers ran, 1
Abhorring the fupremacy of man, >
In woods arid caves the rebel race began. Dryden. }
SUPRE'ME. adj. [fupremus, Latin.]
j. Higheft in dignity; higheft in authority. It may be obferved
thatJuperiour is ufed often of local elevation, butfupreme only
of intellectual or political.
As no man ferveth God, and loveth him not; fo neither
can any man fincerely love God, and not extremely abhor that
fin which is the higheft degree of treafon againft the fupreme
Guide and Monarch of the whole world, with whole divine
authority and power it invefteth others. Hooker.
The god of foldiers.
With the confent of fupreme jove, inform
Thy thoughts with noblenefs. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
This ftrength, the feat of Deity fupreme. Milton,
The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees,
Shoots riflng up, and fpreads by flow degrees;
S U R
Three centuries he grows, and three he flays
Supreme in ftate, and in three more decays. ’ Drydthl
2. Higheft; mod excellent.
My foul akes
To know, when two authorities are up,
Neitherfupreme, how foon confufion
May enter ’twixt the gap of both. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
No Angle virtue we could moft commend,
Whether the wife, the mother, or the friend ;
For {he was all in thatfupreme degree,
That as no one prevail’d, lb all was Ihe. Dryden.
To him both heav’n
The right had giv’n.
And his own love bequeath’d fupreme command. . Dnden.
Supre'mely. adv. [from the adjeCtive.] In the higheft degree.
The ftarving chemift in his golden views
Supremely bleft, the poet in his mufe. Pope.
SuR. [fur, French.] In compofition, means upon or over and
above.
Su'raddition. n.f. [fur and addition.'] Something added to
the name.
He ferv’d with glory and admir’d fuccefs,
So gain’d the furaddition, Leonatus. Shak. Cymbeline.
Su'ral. adj. [from fura, Latin.] Being in the call of the
leg.
He was wounded in the infide of the calf of his leg, into
the fural artery. Wifeman's Surgery.
Su'rance. n.f [from fire.] Warrant; fecurity; affurance, ,
Give fome furance that thou art revenge ;
Stab them, or tear them on thy chariot-wheels. Shakefp.
To Surba'te. v. a. [ folbatir, French.] To bruife and batter
the feet with travel; to harrafs ; to fatigue.
Their march they continued all that night, the horfemen
often alighting, that the foot might ride, and others taking
many of them behind them; however they could not but be
extremely weary and furbated. Clarendon.
Chalky land furbates and fpoils oxens feet. Mortimer.
Surbe't. The participle paffive of furbeat.
A bear and tyger being met
In cruel fight on Lybick ocean wide,
Efpy a traveller with feet furbet.
Whom they in equal prey hope to divide. Fairy phieert.
To Surce'ase. v. n. [fur and ceffer, French; cejfo, Latin.]
1. To be at an end; to Hop; to ceafe; to be no longer in ufe
or being.
Small favours will my prayers increafe;
Granting my fuit, you give me all;
And then my prayers muft needsfurceafe j
For I have made your godhead fall. Dom4.
2. To leave off; to praCtife no longer; to refrain finally.
To fly altogether from God, to defpair, that creatures unwor¬
thy {hall be able to obtain any thing at his hands, and under
that pretence to furceafe from prayers, as bootlefs or fruitlefs
offices, were to him no lefs injurious than pernicious to our
own fouls. Hooker.
Nor did the Britilh fquadrons now furceafe
To gall their foes o’erwhelm’d. Philips.
To Surcka'se. v. a. To Hop; to put to an end. Obfolete.
All pain hath end, and every war hath peace;
But mine no price, nor prayer, may furceafe. Spenfcr.
Surcea'se. n.f Ceflation ; flop.
It might very well agree with your principles, if your dif¬
cipline were fully planted, even to fend out your writs of fur¬
ceafe unto all courts of England for the moft things handled in
them. Hooker.
Surcharge, n.f [furcharge, French ; from the verb ] Over¬
burthen ; more than can be well born.
The air, after receiving a charge, doth not receive a furcharge, or greater charge, with like appetite as it doth the
fiift. Bacon s Natural HiJIory.
An obje£l of furcharge or excefs deftroyeth the fefiflp-; as
the light of the fun, the eye; a violent found near the' ear,
the hearing. Bacon s Natural HiJIory.
The moralifts make this raging of a lion to be a furcharge
of one madnefs upon another. L’Eflrange;
To Surcha'rge. v. a. [fur,charger, French.] To overload;
to overburthen.
They put upon every portion of land a reafonable rent,
which they called Romefcot, the which might not furcharge
the tenant or freeholder. Spenjer on Ireland.
Tamas was returned to 1 auris, in hope to have fuddenly
furprifed his enemy, furcharged with the pleafures of fo rich a
city. Knelleds HiJIory of the Turks.
More remov’d,
Left heav’n furcharg'd with potent multitude,
Might hap to move new broils. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
He ceas’d, difeerning Adam with fuch joy
Surcharg'd, as had, like grief, been dew’d in tears
Without the vent of words. MiltAs 1‘aradie Loft.
25 T Wherl
S U R S U R
When graceful forrow in her pomp appears,
Sure (he is drefs’d in Melefinda’s tears:
Your head reclin’d, as hiding grief from view.
Droops like a rofe furcharg'd with morning dew. Dryden.
Surcha'rger. n.f [ixomfurcharge.] One that overburthens.
SuRCi'ngle. n.f [fur and cingulum, Latin.]
j. A girth with which the burthen is bound upon a horfe.
1.The girdle of a caffock.
Juftly he chofe thefurcingle and gown. > Marvel.
Si/rcle. n.f. [furculus, Latin.] Alhoot; a twig; a fucker.
Not in general ufe.
It is an arboreous excrefcence, or fuperplant, which the
tree cannot affimilate, and therefore fprouteth not forth in
bou°hs andfurcles of the fame fhape unto the tree. Brown.
The bafilica dividing into two branches below the cubit,
the outward fendeth twofurcles unto the thumb. . Brown.
Su'rcoat. n.f. \furcot, old French; fur and coat.] A fhort
coat worn over the reft of the drefs.
The honourable habiliments, as robes of ftate, parliamentrobes, thefurcoat, and mantle. Camden.
The commons were befotted in excefs of apparel, in wide
furcoats reaching to their loins. Camden.
That day in equal arms they fought for fame ;
Their fwords, their fhields, theirfurcoats were the fame. Dry;
Surd. adj. [furdus, Latin. ]
1. Deaf; wanting the fenfe of hearing.
2. Unheard ; not perceived by the ear.
3. Not expreffed by any term.
SURE. adj. [feure, French.]
1. Certain; unfailing; infallible.
The teftimony of the Lord is fure, and giveth wifdom unto
the fimple. Pfalrn xix. 7.
Who knows.
Let this be good, whether our angry foe
Can give it, or will ever ? How he can,
Is doubtful; that he never will, isfure. Milt. Parad. Lojl.
2. Certainly doomed.
Our coin beyond fea is valued according to the filver in it:
fending it in bullion is the fafeft way, and the weightieft isfure
to go. , _ Cocke,
3. Confident; undoubting; certainly knowing.
Friar Laurence met them both;
Him he knew well, and guefs’d that it was fhe;
Shakefpeare.
Milton.
Denham.
But, being mafk’d, he was notfure of it.
Let no man feek what may befall;
Evil he may be fure.
The youngeft in the morning are notfure
That ’till the night their life they can fecure.
While fore of battle, while our wounds are green.
Why would we tempt the doubtful dye agen ?
In wars renew’d, uncertain of fuccefs,
Sure of a {hare, as umpires of the peace. Dryden.
If you find nothing new in the matter, 1 am fure much lefs
will you in the ftile. Wake.
Be filent always, when you doubt your fenfe;
And fpeak, though fure, with feeming diffidence. Pope.
Safe ; firm ; certain ; paft doubt or danger.
Thy kingdom {hall befure unto thee, after that thou {halt
have known that the heavens do rule. Dan. iv. 26.
He bad me make fure of the bear, before I fell his {kin. VEft.
They would make others on both fides Jure of pleafing, in
preference to inftruaion. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
They have a nearer and furer way to the felicity of life, by
tempering their paffions, and reducing their appetites. Pemple.
A peace cannot fail us, provided we make fure of Spain.
Hemtole.
Revenge is now my joy; he’s not for me,
And I’ll makefure he ne’er {hall be for thee. Dryden.
I bred you up to arms, rais’d you to power.
All to make fwe the vengeance of this day.
Which even this day has ruin’d. Dryd. Spanifh Fryar.
Make Cato fure, and give up Utica,
Csefar will ne’er refufe thee fuch a trifle. Addiforis Cato.
They have reafon to make all a&ions worthy of obfervation, which arefure to be obferved. Atterbury.
5. Firm; liable; not liable to failure.
Thou the garland wear’ll fucceffively;
Yet though thou lland’ft morefure than I could dp.
Thou art not firm enough. Shakefp. Henry IV.
I wifh your horfes fwift and fure of foot,
And fo I do commend you to their backs. Shakef Macbeth.
Virtue, dear friend, needs no defence;
The furejl guard is innocence. Rofcommon,
Partition firm and fure the waters to divide. Milton.
Doubting thus of innate principles, men will call pulling
up the old foundations of knowledge and certainty: I perfuade myfelf that the way I have purfued, being conformable
to truth, lays thofe foundations purer. Locke.
To prove a genuine birth.
On female truth affenting faith relies :
Thus manifeft of right, I build my claim,
Sure founded on a fair maternal fame. Pope's Qdyffy.
1
C.TobeSunE. Certainly. This is a vitiousexpreffion: more
properly be Jure.
Objedls of fenfe would then determine the views of all fuch,
to befure, who converfed perpetually with them. Atterbury.
Though the chymift could not calcine the caput mortuum,
to obtain its fixed fait, to be fure it muft have fome. Arbuthtiot.
Sure. adv. [furetnent, French.] Certainly; without doubt;
doubtlefs. It is generally without emphafis; and, notwithftanding its original meaning, expreftes rather doubt tljan affertion.
Something, fure, of ftate
Hath puddled his clear fpirit. Shakefpeare.
Her looks were fiufti’d, and fullen was her mien,
Thatfure the virgin goddefs, had £he been
Aught but a virgin, muft the guilt have feen. Addfon.
Sure the queen would wifh him ftill unknown :
She loaths, detefts him, flies his hated prefence. Smith.
Sure, upon the whole, a bad author deferyes better ufage
than a bad critick. Pope.
Surefo'oted. adj. [fure and foot.] Treading firmly; not
Humbling.
True earneft forrows, rooted miferies,
Anguifh in grain, vexations ripe and blown,
Surefooted griefs, folid calamities. Herbert.
Su'rely. adv. [fromfure.]
1. Certainly; undoubtedly; without doubt. It is often ufed
rather to intend and {Lengthen the meaning of the fentence,
than with any diftin& and explicable meaning.
In the day that thou eateft thereof thou {haltfurely die. Gen.
Thou furely hadft not come foie fugitive. Milton.
He that created fomething out of nothing, furely can raife
great things out of fmall. South.
The curious have thought the moft minute affairs of Rome
worth notice; and furely the confideration of their wealth is
at leaft of as great importance as grammatical criticifms. Arb„
2. Firmly; without hazard.
He that walketh righteoufly, walketh furely.
Su'reness. n.f. [from fure.] Certainty.
He diverted himfelf with the fpeculation of the feed of co¬
ral ; and for morefurenefs he repeats it. Wcodward.
Su'retiship. n.f. [from furety.] The office of a furety or
bondfman ; the a£l of being bound for another.
Hath not the greateft {laughter of armies been effected by
ftratagem ? And have not the faireft eftates been deftroyed by
fv.retifhip ? South.
Idly, like prifoners, which whole months will fwear
That onlyfuretifhip hath brought them there. Donne.
If here not clear’d, no furetyfhip can bail
Condemned debtors from th’ eternal gaol. Denham.
SU'RETY. n.f. [furete, French.]
1. Certainty; indubitablenefs.
There the princefles determining to bathe, thought it was fo
privileged a place as no body durft prefume to come thither ;
yet, for the more furety, they looked round about. Sidney.
Know of a furety that thy feed {hall be a ftranger. Gen. xv.
2. Foundation of liability; fupport.
We our ftate
Hold, as you your’s, while our obedience holds;
On otherfurety none. Milton.
3. Evidence; ratification; confirmation.
She call’d the faints tofurety,
That Ihe would never put it from her finger,
Unlefs file gave it to yourfelf. Shakefpeare.
4. Security againft lofs or damage; fecurity for payment.
There remains unpaid
A hundred thoufand more, in J'urety of the which
One part of Acquitain is bound to us. Shakefpeare.
5. Hoftage ; bondfman; one that gives fecurity for another;
one that is bound for another.
That you may well perceive I have not wrong’d you,
One of the greateft in the Chriftian world
Shall be myfurety. Shakefp. All's well that ends well.
I will be Jurety for him; of my hand {halt thou require him.
Gen. xliii. 9.
Yet be not furety, if thou be a father;
Love is a perfonal debt: I cannot give
My children’s right, nor ought he take it. Herbert.
All, in infancy, are by others prefented with the defires
of the parents, and interceffion of Sureties, that they may be
early admitted by baptifm into the fchool of Chrift. Hammond.
Su'rface. n.f. [fur and face, French.] Superficies; outlide ;
fuperfice. It is accented by Adilton on the laft fyllable.
Which of us who beholds the brightfurface _
Of this ethereous mold, whereon we {land. Milton.
All theirfurfaces fhall be truly plain, or truly Ipher.cal, and
look all the fame way, fo as together to compole one even
furface. Newton's Opt.
Errours like ftraws upon the furfacc flow ;
He who would fearch for pearls muft dive below. Dryden.
To Su'rfeit. v. a. [fromfur andfaire, French, to do more t'?an
enough, to overdo.] To feed with meat or drink to fatiety
and ficknefs; to cram ov ermuch.
The
SUR
The furfeited grooms
Do mock their charge with fnores. Shakefpeare.
To Su'rfeit. v. n. To be fed to fatiety and ficknefs.
The commonwealth isfiekof their own choice ;
Their over-greedy love hath furfeited. Shakefp. Henry IV.
They are as fick that Jurfeit with too much, as they that
ftarve with nothing. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Take heed left your hearts be overcharged with furfeiting
and drunkennefs. Luke xxi. 34.
Though fome had fo furfeited in the vineyards, and with
the wines, that they had been left behind, the generofity of
the Spaniards fent them all home. Clarendon.
T hey muft be let loofe to the childifh play they fancy,
which they ftiould be weaned from, by being made to Jurfeit of
it. Locke.
Su'rfeit. n. f. [from the verb.] Sicknefs or fatiety caufed
by overfulnefs.
When we are fick in fortune, often thefurfeits of our own
behaviour, we make guilty of our difafters the fun, the moon
and ftars. ' Shakefp. King Lear.
How ill white hairs become a fool and jefter!
I have long dream’d of fuch a kind of man,
So furfeit lwell’d, fo old, and fo profane. Shakefp. H. IV.
Now comes the fick hour that hisfurfeit made}
Now (hall he try his friends that flatter’d him. Shak. R. II.
Thou’ft years upon thee, and thou art too full
Of the warsfurfeits to go rove with one
That’s yet unbruis’d. Shakef Coriolanus.
Why, difeafe, do’ft thou moleft
Ladies, and of them the beft ?
Do not men grow fick of rites.
To thy altars, by their nights
Spent infurfeits ? Ben. Johnfon.
Surfeits many times turn to purges, both upwards and
downwards. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Peace, which he lov’d in life, did lend
Her hand to bring him to his end ;
When age and death call’d for the fcore.
Nofurfeits were to reckon for. Crajhaw:
Our father
Has ta’en himfelf a furfeit of the world,
And cries, it is not fafe that we ftiould tafte it. Otway.
Su'rfeiter. n.f [from furfeit.] One who riots} a glutton.
I did not think
This am’rousfurfeiter would have donn’d his helm
For fuch a petty war. Shak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Su'rfeitwater. n.f. [furfeit and water. J Water that
cures furfeits.
A little cold-diftilled poppywater, which is the true furfeitwater, with eafe and abftinence, often ends diftempers in the
beginning. Locke.
Surge, n. f. [from furgo, Latin.] A fwelling Tea; wave roll¬
ing above the general furface of the water ; billow; wave.
The realm was left, like a (hip in a ftorm, amidft all the
X2Lg\ngfurges, unruled and undiredted of any. Spenjer.
The wind-fhak’dfurge, with high and monftrous main.
Seems to caft water on the burning bear.
And quench the guards of the ever-fired pole:
I never did like moleftation view
On the enchafed flood. Shakefp. Othello.
He trod the water,
Whofe enmity he flung afide, and breafted
Thefurge moft fwoln that met him. Shakefp. Tempcfl.
It was formerly famous for the unfortunate loves of Hero
and Leander, drowned in the uncompaflionate furges. Sandys.
The fulph’rous hail
Shot after us in ftorm, o’erblown, hath laid
The fieryfurge, that from the precipice
Of heav’n receiv’d us falling. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
He fweeps the fkies, and clears the cloudy North:
He flies aloft, and with impetuous roar
Purfues the foaming /urges to the fhore. Dryden.
Thetis, near Ifm^na’s fwelling flood.
With dread beheld the rollingy»r^.r fweep
In heaps his fLughter’d fons into the deep. Pope.
To Surge, v. n. [from furgo, Latin.] To fwell; to rife
high.
From midft of all the main
The /urging waters like a mountain rife. Fairy Vhiecn.
He, all in rage, his fea-god fire befought,
Some curfed vengeance on his fon to caft ;
Fromfurging gulfs two monfters ftraight were brought. F.JjK
Up from the bottom turn’d by furious winds
And furging waves, as mountains, to aflault
Heav’n’s height, and with the centre mix the pole. Milton.
Not with indented wave.
Prone on the ground, as fince ; but on his rear,
Circular bafe of rifing folds, that tower’d
bold above fold, a furging maze ! Milton's Parad. Lojl.
Surging waves againft a folia rock,
T hough all to fhivers dafh’d, th’ aflault renew,
Vain batt’ry, and in froth or bubbles end. Aiilton.
S UR
Su'rgeon. n f. [Corrupted by convention from chirurgeon.]
One who cures by manual operation; one whofe duty is to
ad in external maladies by the diredion of the phyfician.
The wound was paft the cure of a betterJ'urgcon than myfelf, fo as I could but receive Come few of her dying words. Sid.
I meddle with no woman’s matters; but withal, I am afurgeon to old fhoes. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
He that hath wounded his neighbour, is tied to the expenccs
of the furgeon, and other incidences. Taylor.
Though moft were forely wounded, none were flain:
Thefurgeons foon defpoil’d them of their arms,
And fome with falves they cure. Dryden.
Su'rgeonry. 7 n.f. [for chirurgery.] The ad of curing by
SUrgery. ) manual operation.
it would feem very evil furgery to cut off every unfound
part of the body, which, being by other due means reco¬
vered, might afterwards do good fervice. Spenfer.
.But ftrangc-Jy vifited people,
The mere defpair of furgery, he cures. Shakefp. Afacbeth.
They are often tarr’d over with the furgery of our fheep,
and would you have us kifs tar ? Shakefpeare.
Su'rgy. adj. [from furge.] Rifing in billows.
What caufe hath led you to the Spartan court ?
Do publick or domeftick cares conftrain
This toilfome voyage o’er the furgy main ? Pope.
Su'rlily. adv. [fromfurly ] In a furly manner.
Surliness, n.f. [from furly.] Gloomy morofenefs; four
anger.
Thus pale they meet; their eyes with fury burn ;
None greets; for none the greeting will return ;
But in dumbfurlinefs, each arm’d with care,
His foe profeft, as brother of the war. Dryden.
Su'rling. n.f. [from furly.] A four morofe fellow. Not ufed.
Thefe four furlings are to be commended to fieur Gaulard> Casaden.
SU'RLY. adj. [from yuji, four, Saxon.] Gloomily morofe ;
rough ; uncivil; four ; filently angry.
’Tis like you’ll prove a jollyfurly groom.
That take it on you atthe firft fo roundly. Shakefpeare.
Thatfurly fpirit, melancholy.
Had bak’d thy blood, and made it heavy thick.
Which elfe runs tickling up and down the veins,
Making that ideot laughter keep mens eyes,
And ftrain their cheeks to idle merriment. Shake/. K. John.
Againft the Capitol I met a lion,
Who glar’d upon me, and wentfurly by,
Without annoying me. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
Repuls’d byfurly grooms, who wait before
The fleeping tyrant’s interdi&ed door. Dryden.
What if among the courtly tribe
You loft a place, and fav’d a bribe?
And then in furly mood came here
To fifteen hundred pounds a year.
And fierce againft the whigs harangu’d ? Swift.
The zephyrs floating loofe, the timely rains,
Now foften’d into joy the furly ftorms. Thomfen's Summer.
ToSurmi'se. v.a. [furmife, French.] To fufpeft; to image
imperfedlly; to imagine without certain knowledge.
Man coveteth wjiat exceedeth the reach of fenfe, yea fome¬
what above capacity of reafon, fomewhat divine and heavenly,
which with hidden exultation it rather furmifeth than conceiveth ; fomewhat it feeketh, and what that is diredlly it
knoweth not; yet very intentive defire thereof doth fo incite
it, that all other known delights and pleafures are laid afide,
and they give place to the learch of this but only fufpedted
defire- . Hooker.
Of queftions and ftrifes of words cometh envy, railings,
and evilfurmifmgs. 1 Tim. vi. 4!
Surmife not
His prefence to thefe narrow bounds confin’d. Milton.
It wafted nearer yet, and then fhe knew
That what before fhe butfurmis'd, was true. Dryden.
This change was not wrought by altering the form or pofition of the earth, as wasfurmifed by a very learned man, but
by diffolving it. Woodward.
Surmi'se. n.f. [furmife, French. ] Imperfedl notion; fufpicion ; imagination not fupported by knowledge.
To let go private furmijes, whereby the thing itfelf is not
made better or worfe; if juft and allowable reafons might lead
them to do as they did, then are thefe cenfures fruftrate. Ho.k.
They were by law of that proud tyrannef,
Provok’d with wrath, and envy’s falfefur/niTg,
Condemned to that dungeon mercilefs,
Where they ftiould live in woe, and die in Wretchednefs. F 9.
Aaron is gone; and my compaflionate heart
Will not permit my eyes once to behold
The thing, whereat it trembles by furmift. Shakefpeare.
My thought, whofe murthering yet is but fantaftical,
Shakes fo my Angle ftate of man, that funaion
Is fmother’d i tifurmife. ' Shakefp. Macbeth.
We double honour gain
I'rom hisfurmife prov’d falfe. Milton
No
S U R S U R
No fooner did they efpy the Englifti turning from them,
but they were of opinion that they fled towards their {hipping:
thisfurmife was occafioned, for that the Englifti {hips removed
.the day before. Hayward.
Hence guilty joys, diftaftes, furmifes,
Falfe oaths, falfe tears, deceits, difguifes. Pope.
No man ought to be charged with principles he a&ually
difowns, unlefs his practices contradict his profeffion; not
upon fmallJurm'fes. Swift.
To SURMO'UNT. v. a. [furmonter, French.]
1. To rife above.
The mountains of Olympus, Atho, and Atlas, over-reach
and furmount all winds and clouds. Raleigh.
2. To conquer; to overcome.
Though no refiftance was made, the Englifti had much ado
to furmount the natural difficulties of the place the greateft part
of one day. Hayward.
He hardly efcaped to the Perfian court; from whence, if
the love of his country had notfurmounted its bafe ingratitude
to him, he had many invitations to return at the head of the
Perfian fleet; but he rather chofe a voluntary death. Swift.
3. To furpafs ; to exceed.
Whatfurmounts the reach
Of human fenfe, I fhall delineate fo.
By lik’ning fpiritual to corporeal forms,
As may exprefs them belt. Milton’s Paradife Loft.
Surmo'untable. adj. [from furmount.] Conquerable; fuperable.
Su/rmullet, n.f. [rnugil, Lat.] A fort of filh. Ainfworth.
Su'rname. n.f [Jurnom, French.]
j. The name of the family; the name which one has over and
above the Chriftian name.
Many which were mere Englifti joined with the Irifti againft
the king, taking on them Irifti habits and cuftoms, which
could never fince be clean wiped away; of which fort bemoft
of the furnames that end in an, as Hernan, Shinan, and Mungan, which now account themfelves natural Irifti. Spenfer.
He, made heir not only of his brother’s kingdom, but of
his virtues and haughty thoughts, and of the furname alfo of
Barbaroffa, began to afpire unto the empire of all that part of
Africk. Knolles's Hiftory of the Turks.
The epithets of great men, monfieur Boileau is of opinion,
were in the nature offurnames, and repeated as fuch. Pope,
2. An appellation added to the original name.
Witnefs may
"Myfurname Coriolanus: the painful fervice,
The extreme dangers, and the drops of blood
Shed for my thanklefs country, are requited
But with thatfurname. Shak. Coriolanus.
To Su'rname. v. a. [furnommer, Fr. from the noun.] To
name by an appellation added to the original name.
The people of Rome have by common voice.
In election for the Roman empire,
Chofen Andronicus, furnamed Pius. Shak. Titus Andronicus.
Another {hall fubfcribe with his hand unto the Lord, and
furname himfelf by the name of Ifrael. If xliv. 5.
Pyreicus, only famous for counterfeiting earthen pitchers,
a fcullery, rogues together by the ears, was firnamed Rupo-
. graphus. Peacham on Drawing.
How he, furnam’d of Africa, difmifs’d
In his prime youth the fair Iberian maid. Milton.
God commanded man what was good; but the devil furnamed it evil, and thereby baffled the command. South.
ToSurpa'ss. v. a. [furpcjfer, French.] To excel; to exceed;
to go beyond in excellence.
The climate’s delicate,
Fertile the ifle, the temple much furpaffing
The common praife it bears. • Shak. Winter’s Tale.
O, by what name, for thou above all thefe.
Above mankind, or aught than mankind higher,
Surpafejl far my naming! how may I
Adore thee, author of this univerfe ? Milton.
Achilles, Homer’s hero, in ftrength and courage furpaffed
the reft of the Grecian army. Dryden.
A nymph of late there was,
Whofe heav’nly form her fellows didfurpafs,
The pride and joy of fair Arcadia’s plains. Dryden.
Under or near the Line are mountains, which, for bignefs
and number, furpafs thofe of colder countries, as much as
the heat therzfurpaffes that of thofe countries. Woodward.
Surpassing, participial adj. [fromfurpafs.] Excellent in an
high degree.
O thou ! that with [urpafting glory crown’d,
Look’ft from thy foie dominion like the god
Of this new world. Milton s Paradife Lofl.
His miracles proved him to be fent from God, not more by
that infinite power that was feen in them, than by thatfurpaffmg goodnefs they demonftrated to the world. Calamy.
Su'rplice. n.f [furpelisy/urplis, Fr. fuperpellicium, Lat ] The
white garb which the clergy wear in their aCts of miniftration.
It will wear the furplice of humility over the black gown of
a big heart. Shakef. All’s well that ends well.
The cinCtus gabinus is a long garment, not unlike a furplice, which would have trailed on the ground, had it htmg
loofe, and was therefore gathered about the middle with a
girdle. Addifon.
Surplus. } n.f. [fur and plus, French.] A fupernumeSurplu'sage. J rarypart; overplus; what remains whenufe
is fatisfied.
If then thee lift my offered grace to ufe,
Take what thou pleafe of all thisfurplufage;
If thee lift not, leave have thou to refufe. Spenfer.
That you have vouchfaf’d my poor houfe to vifit,
It is a furplus of your grace. Shakefpcare.
When the price of corn falleth, men give overfurplus til¬
lage, and break no more ground. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
We made a fubftarice fo difpofed to fluidity, that by fo fmall
an agitation as only thefurplufage of that which the ambient
air is wont to have about the middle even of a Winter’s day,
above what it hath in the firft part. Boyle.
The officers fpent all, fo as there was nofurplufage of treafure; and yet that all'was not fufficient. Davies.
Whatfo?ver degrees of affent one affords a propofition be¬
yond the degrees of evidence, it is plain all that furplufage of
affurance is owing not to the love of truth. Locke.
Surpri'sAL. \nr [ furprife, French ; from the verb.]
Surpri se. 5 J J
1. The a& of taking unawares; the ftate of being taken unawares.
Parents fhould mark heedfully the witty excufes of their
children, efpecially at fuddains and furprifals; but rather mark
than pamper them Wotton.
This let him know,
Left, wilfully tranfgreffing, he pretend
Suprifaly unadmonifh’d, unforewarn’d. Milton's Par. Loft.
I fet afide the taking of St. Jago and St. Domingo in Hifpaniola, asfurprizes rather than encounters. Bacon,
This ftrnnge furprifal put the knight
And wrathful fquire into a fright. Hudihras.
There is a vaft difference between them, as vaft as between
inadvertency and deliberation, betweenfurprize and fet purpofe. South.
2. A difh, I fuppofe, which has nothing in it.
Few care for carving trifles in difguife.
Or that fantaftick difh fome callfurprife. King's Cookery.
3. Sudden confufion or perplexity.
To SURPRPSE. v. a. [furpris, French, from furprendre.']
1. To take unawares; to fall upon unexpectedly.
The caftle of Macduff I will furprife,
Seize upon Fife, give to the edge o’ th’ fword
His wife, his babes. Shakefpeare's Macbetht
Now do our ears before our eyes.
Like men in mifts,
Difcover who’d the ftatefurprize,
And who refills. Ben. fohnfon.
Bid her well beware,
Left, by fome fair appearing good firpris'd.
She diClate falfe, and mifinform the will. Milton.
How {hall he keep, what, lleeping or awake,
A weaker may furprije^ a ftronger take ? Pope.
Who can [peak
The mingled paffions thatfurpriz’d his heart! Thotnfon.
2. To aftonilh by fomething wonderful.
People were not fo much frighted asfurprized at the bignefs
of the camel. L EJlrange.
3. To confufe or perplex by fomething fudden.
Up he ftarts, difcover’d and furpris'd. . Milton.
Surprising, participial adj. [from furprife. ] Wonderful;
railing fudden wonder or concern.
The greateft actions of a celebrated perfon, however furprifing and extraordinary, are no more than what are expedied
from him. Addifon’s Spectator.
Surprisingly, adv. [from fwprifing.'] To a degree that
raifes wonder ; in a manner that raifes wonder.
If out of thele ten thoufand, we fhould take the men that
are employed in publick bufinefs, the number of thole who
remain will be furprizingly little. Addifon.
Su'rquedry. n.f. [fur and cuider, old Fr. to think.] Over¬
weening ; pride ; infolence. Obfolete.
They overcommen, were deprived
Of their proud beauty, and the one moiety
Transform’d to filh for their bold fu< quedry. Fairy djt'een.
Late-born modefty
Hath got fuch root in eafy waxen hearts,
That men may not themfelves their own good Parts
Extol, without fufpedf offurqucd'y. onne.
Surrebutter, n.f [In law.] A fecond rebutter; anfwer
to a rebutter. A term in the courts.
Surrejoinder, n.f [furrejoindre, French] [ n aw-J
fecond defence of the plaintiff's aflion, oppofite to the rejoinder ofthe defendant, which the civilians call triplicate. Bailey.
To SURRE NDER, v.a. [furrendre, old French.]
1. To yield up; to deliver up. .
Solemn dedication of churches ferve not only to make them
publick, but further alfo to furrender up that right which
r n otherwu*
S U R
otherwife their founders might have in them, and to make
God himfelf their owner. Hooker.
2. To deliver up an enemy.
Ripe age bade him furrender late,
His life and long good fortune unto final fate. Fairfax.
He willing to jurrender up the cattle, forbade his foldiers to
have any talk with the enemy Jtnolles.
To Surrender, v. n. To yield ; to give ones felf up.^
This mighty Archimedes toofurrenders now. Gljnville.
Surrf/ndfr. \ „ r [from the verb ]
Surre'ndry ) J
Denhams
The adt ot yielding.
Our general mother, with eves
Of conjugal attraction unreprov’d,
And meek furrender, half-embracing lean'd -
On our firtt father. Milton s Pa’cdfe LoJl.
Having muttered up all the forces he could, the clouds above
and the deeps below, he prepares for a furrender ; afierting,
from a miftaken computation, that all thefe will not come up
to near the quantity requifite. Woodward.
Juba’sfurrender
Would give up Africk unto Carfir’s hands. Addfon.
2. The act of refigningor giving up to another.
If our father carry authority with fuch difpofition as he
bears, this laftfurrender of his will but offend us. Shakefpeai'e.
That hope quickly vaniihed upon the undoubted intelli¬
gence of that furrender. Clarendon.
As oppreffed flutes made themfelves homagers to the Ro¬
mans to engage their protection, fo we fhould have made an
entirefurrendry of ourfelves to God, that we might have gain¬
ed a title to his deliverances. Decay of Piety.
In patting a thing away by deed of gift, are required a furrender on the giver’s part, < f all the property he has in it; and
to the making of a thing facred, thisfurrender by its right
owner is neceilary. South’s Sermons.
Surre'ption. n f [furrepius, Latin.] Surprife; fudden and
unperceived invaffon.
Sins compatible with a regenerate eflate, are fins of a fud¬
den fu> reption. Hammond.
SURREPTITIOUS, adj. [furreptitius, Latin.] Done by
Health ; gotten or produced fraudulently.
Scaliger hath not tranflated the firff; perhaps fuppofing it
furreptitiouor unworthy fo great an afiertion. Brown.
The Maforites numbred not only the fedtions and lines, but
even the words and letters of the Old Teftament, the better to
fecure it from furreptitious practices. Govern ofthe Tongue.
A correCt copy of the Dunciad, the many furreptitious ones
have rendered neceflary. Letter to Pub!, of Pope’s Dune ad.
Surreptitiously, adv. [from furreptitious.j Ly Health ;
fraudulently.
Thou haft got it more furreptitioufly than he did, and with
lefs efFeCt. Govern, oftie Longue.
To Su'rrogate. v. a. [farrago, Latin.] To put in the place
of another.
Surrogate, n.f. [furrogatus, Latin.] A deputy; a dele¬
gate ; the deputy of an ecclefiaftical judge.
To Surrou nd, v. a. [fnrronder, Fr.] To environ ; to encompafs; to enclofe on all ftdes.
Yelling monitors that with ceafelefs cry
Sw round me, as thou faweft. Milton. 3
Cloud and ever-during dark
Surrounds me, from the cheerful ways of men
Cutoff. Milton.
Bad angels feen
On wing under the burning cope of hell,
’Twixt upper, neather, and furrounding fires. Milton.
As the bodies thatfurround us diverily affeCt our organs,
the mind is forced to receive the impreflions. Locke.
Surso'lid., [In algebra.] The fourth multiplication or power
of any number whatever taken as the root. Trevoux.
Surso'lid Problem. [In mathematicks.] That which cannot
be refolved but by curves of a higher nature than a conick
feclion. Harris.
Surtou't. n.f. [French.] A large coat worn overall the
reft.
The furtout if abroad you wear,
Repels the rigour of the air ;
Would you be warmer, if at home
You had the fabrick, and the loom ? Prior.
Sir Roger file mortally hated, and ufed to hire fellows to
S U S
Though with thofe ftreams he no refemblance hold*
Whofe foam is amber and their gravel gold ;
His genuine and lefs guilty wealth [’explore,
Search not his bottom, butfurvey his fhore.
2. To overfee as one in authority.
3. To view as examining.
The hufbandrhari’s felf came that way;
Of cuftom tofun ey his ground,
And his trees of ftute incorripafs round;
Early abroad he did the world furvey,
As if he knew he had not ong to flay.
With fuch alter’d looks
All pale and fpeechlefs, ht Purvey’d me round.
Surve'y. n.J [from the verb.] View; profpect.
Her ftars in all their vaftfurvey
Ufelcfs befides!
Under his proud furvey the city lies,
And like a mitt beneath a hill doth rife.
No longer letted of his prey,
He leaps up at it with enrag’d defue.
O’erlooks the neighbours with a wide furvey,
And nods at ev’ry houfe his threat’ning fire.
Survey'or. n.f. [fromfurvey.']
1. An overfeer; one placed to iuperintend others.
Wete’t not rn dnefs then,
To make the fox furveyor of the fold ? Shakefp. Henry \ l.
Bifhop Fox was not only a grave coujifellor tor war or peace,
hut alfo a good furveycr of works. Bacon's Henry VII.
2. A meafurer of land
Should we furvey
The plot of fituation, and the model;
Queftionfurmyors, know our own eftate,
How able fuch a work to undergo,
To weigh againft his oppoiite. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
Decempeda was a meafuring rod for taking the dimenfions
of buildings; from hence came decempedator, for a Purveyor,
ufed by Cicero. Arbuthn t on Aliments.
Survey'orship. n.f. [from fw veyor.] The office of a furveyor.
To SuR view v. a. [furveoir,
to have in view. Not in ufe.
That turret’s frame moft admirable was.
Like higheft heaven compafled round,
Spenjir.
Waller,
Dryden.
MiUorti
Denham.
Dryden.
old French.] To overlook;
2.
And lirted hig above this eaithly mafs,
Which it furvierdd, as hills do lower ground Fairy LLhiecn.
To SURVIVE, v.n. [fupervivo, Latin; furvivie, Fr.]
1. To live aiter the death of another.
Thofe thatfurvive, let Rome reward with love. Shak.
Try pleafure,
Which when no other enemyfurvives,
Still conquers all the conquerors. Denham.
To live after any thing.
Now that he is dead, his immortal famefurviveth, and flourilheth in the mouths of all people. Spenfer.
The love of horfes which they had alive,
And care of chariots after death furvive. Dryden.
The rhapfodies* called the charadterifticks, would never
have furvived the firtt edition, if they had not difcovered fa
ttrong a tintfture of infidelity. Watts.
To remain alive.
No longer now that golden age appears,
When patriarch-wits furviv’d a th< ufand years ;
Now leng.h of fame, our fecond life, is loft.
And bare threefcore is all ev’11 that can boaft;
Our fons their father’s failing language fee,
And fuch as Chaucer is, fhall Dryden be. Pope.
To Survi've. v. a. To outlive.
I ll afiure her of
Her widowhood, be it that Ihefurvives me,
In all my lands and leafes whatfoever. Shakefpeare.
Survi'ver. n.f. [fromfurvive.] One who outlives another.
Your father loft a father,
That father, his; and the furvivor bound
In filial obligation, for fome term,
To do obfequious forrow. Shakefpeare’s Hamlet.
Although fome died, the father beholding fo many defeents,
the number offurvivors muft ftill be very great. Brown.
I did difeern
From his furvivors, I could nothing learn. Denham.
Her majefty is heir to thefurvivor of the late’king. Swift.
fquirt kennel-water upon him, fo that he was forced to wear Survi'vership. n.f. [from furviver,] The ftate of outliving
1 furtoutoi oiled cloth, by which means he came home pretty
clean, except where thefurtout was a little fcanty. Arbuthnot.
ToSurve'ne. v. a. [furvenir, Fr.] 'I'o fupervene; to come
as an addition.
Hippocrates mentions a fuppuration thatfurvenes lethargies,
which commonly terminates in a confumption. Harvey.
To SURVE'Y. v. a. [furveoir, old French.]
I. I'o overlook; to have under the view; to view as from a
higher place.
Round hefurveys, and well might where he flood,
So high above. " Milton.
another.
Such offices granted in reverfion were void, unlefs where
the grant has been by furviver/kip. Aylife’s Parergon.
Susceptibility, n.f. [from fj'ceptible.] Quality of admit¬
ting ; tendency to admit.
Thefufeeptibility of thofe influences, and the effe&s thereof
is the general providential law whereby other phyfical beings
are governed. Flalc.
SUSCE'P FIBLE. adj. [ ffceptible, Fr. Prior has accented
this improperly on the firft fyllable.] Capable of admit¬
ting.
25 U He
s u s
He moulded him platonically to his own idea, delighting
tult in the choice of the materials, becaufe he found himfufceptible of good form. Wotton.
In their tender years they are more fufceptible of virtuous
impreffions than afterwards, when folicited by vulgar incli¬
nations. L’Efrange.
Children’s minds are narrow, and ufually fufceptible but of
one thought at once. Locke on Education.
Blow with empty words the/'ufceptible flame. Prior.
Suscf/ption. n.f [ Jufceptus, Latin.J ACl of taking.
A canon, promoted to holy orders, before he is of a law¬
ful age for the ffception of orders, (hall have a voice in the
chapter. Ayliffe''s Parergon.
Susce'ptive. adj. [from Jufceptus^ Lat. this word is more ana¬
logical, though lefs uled than fufceptiLde.'] Capable to admit.
Since our nature is fofufceptive of errours on all Tides, it is
fit we thould have notices given us how far other perfons may
become the caufes of falfe judgments. Watts s Logick.
SuscPpiency. n.f. [fromfufcipient.] Reception; admiffion.
SUSCI'PIEN T. n.f. [fufcipiens, Latin.] One who takes; one
that admits or receives.
To SU'SCII AT E. v. n. [ffciter, French ;\fufcito, Lat.] To
roufe; to excite.
It concurreth but unto predifpofed effects, and only fufcitates thofe forms whole determinations are feminal, and pro¬
ceed from the idea of themfelves. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Suscita'tion. n.f. [fufcitation, Fr.fromffitate.] The aft
of roufing or exciting.
To Suspect, v.a. [ fufpicio,fufpetlum, Lat.]
1. To imagine with a degree of lear and jealoufy what is not
known.
Nothing makes a man fufpeSl much, more than to know
little; and therefore men fhould remedy lufpicion by procu¬
ring to know more. Bacon.
Let us not then fufpeSl our happy Fate,
As not fecure. Milton.
From her hand I could fufpeSl no ill. Milton.
2. To imagine guilty without proof.
1 hough many poets may fufpeSl themfelves for the partiali¬
ty of parents to their youngelt children, I know myfelf too
well to be ever fatisfied with my own conceptions. Dryden.
Some would perfuade us that body and extenfion are the
fame thing, which change the fignification of words, which I
would notfufpeSl them of, they having fo feverely condemn¬
ed the philofophy of others. Locke.
3. 'Fo hold uncertain.
I cannot forbear a flory which is fo well attefted, that I
have no manner of reafon to fufpeSl the truth. Addifon.
To Suspe'ct. v. n. To imagine guilt.
If I fufpeSl without caufe, why then let me be yourjeF.
Shakejpeare's Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Suspe'ct. part. adj. [fufpeSl, French] Doubtful.
Sordid interefls or aFedation of Frange relations are not
like to render your reportsfufpeSl or partial. Glanvtlle.
Suspe ct. n.f [from the verb.] Sufpicion ; imagination with¬
out proof. Obfolete.
No fancy mine, no other wrong fufpeSl,
Make me, O virtuous Flame, thy laws negleCL Sidney.
1 he fale of offices and towns in France,
If they were known, as thefufpeSl is great.
Would make thee quickly hop without a head. Shakefpeare.
My moF worthy rnaFer, in whofe breaF
Doubt and fufpeSl, alas, are plac’d too late,
You fliould have fear’d falfe times, when you did feaF.Shak.
There be fo many falfe prints of praife, that a man may
juFly hold it afufpeSl. ' Bacon.
Nothing more jealous than a favourite towards the waining-time fufpeSl of fatiety. Wotton.
They might hold fure intelligence
Among themfelves, withoutfufpeSl t’offend. Daniel.
If the king ends the diFerences, and takes away thtfufpeSl, the cafe will be no worfe than when two duelliFs enter
the field. Suckling.
To Suspend, v.a. [fufpendre, French; fufpendo, Latin.]
I• 1 o hang; to make to hang by any thing.
As ’twixt two equal armies fate
Sufpends uncertain victory;
Our fouls, which to advance our Fate,
Were gone out, hung ’twixt her and me. Donne.
It is reported by Ruffinus, that in the temple of Serapis,
there was an iron chariotfufpencled by loadFones; which Fones
removed, the chariot fell and was daFied to pieces. Brown.
2. I o make to depend upon.
God hath in the fcripture ffpcnded the promife of eternal
life upon this condition, that without obedience and holinefs
of life no man Fiall ever fee the Lord. Tillotfon.
3. I o interrupt; to make to Fop for a time.
The harmony
Sufpended hell, and took with ravifliment
The thronging audience. Milton
The guard nor fights nor flies; their fate fo near,
At onetfufpends their courage and their fear. Denham
4
S US
This is the hinge on which turns the liberty of intellectual
beings, in their Feady profecution of true felicity, that they
can fufpend this profecution in particular cafes, till they have
looked before them. Locke.
4. 1 o delay ; to hinder from proceeding.
Sujpend your indignation againF my brother, till you can
derive from him better teFimony of his intent. Shakfpearc.
His anfwer did the nymph attend;
Her looks, her hghs, her geFures all did pray him;
But Godfrey wifely did hisgrapitfufpend.
He doubts the worF, and that a while did Fay him. Fairf.
To themfelves I left them ;
For \fufpend their doom. Milton.
The reafons forfujpending the play were ill founded. Dryden.
The Britifh dame, famed for refililefs grace,
Contends not now but for the fccond place ;
Cur Jove Jufpended, we negleCt the fair.
For whom we burn’d, to gaze adoring here. Granvil.
A man may fufpend his choice from being determined for or
againF the thing propofed, till he has examined whether it be
really of a nature to make him happy or no. Locke.
5. To debar for a time from the execution of an office or enjoy¬
ment of a revenue.
Good men Fiould nothe fufpended from the exercife of their
miniFry, and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies,
which are on all hands acknowledged indifferent. Sanderfn.
1 he bilhop of London was fummoned for not ffpending
Dr. Sharp. Swift.
Suspe nse, n. f. [ffpens, French; fufpenfus, Latin.]
1. Uncertainty; delay of certainty or determination; indeter¬
mination.
Till this be done, their good affeCtion towards the fafety of
the church is acceptable ; but the way they preferibe us to preferve it by, muF reF in fufpenfe. Hooker.
Such tiue joy’sfufpen e
What dream can I prefent to recompenfe? Waller.
Ten days the prophet in Jufpenfe remain’d.
Would no man’s fate pronounce ; at laF conFrain’d
By Ithacus, he folemnly defigrfd
Me for the facrifice. Denham.
In propofitions, where though the proofs in view are of moF
moment, yet there are lufficient grounds to fufpeCt that there
is fallacy, or proofs as confiderable to be produced on the
contrary fide, therefufpenfe or difient are often voluntary. Locke.
2. ACt of withholding thejudgment.
Whatever neceffity determines to the purfuit of real blifs,
the fame neceffity eFabliFiesfufpenfe, deliberation and ferutiny,
whether its fatisfadion mifleads from our true happinefs. Locke.
3. Privation for a time ; impediment for a time.
4. Stop in the midF of two oppofites.
For thee the fates, feverely kind, ordain
A coolfufpenje from pleafure or from pain. Pope.
Suspe'nse. adj. [fufpenfus, Latin.]
1. Held from proceeding.
1 he felf-fame orders allowed, hut yet eFablifhed in more
wary andJufpenfe manner, as being to Fand in force till God
Fiould give the opportunity of fome general conference what
might be beF for every of them afterwards to do; had both
prevented all occafion ofjuF diilike which others might take,
and referved a greater liberty unto the authors themfelves, of
entring unto further confultation afterwards. Hooker.
1 he great light of day yet wants to run
Much of his race, though Feep, fufpenfe in heav’n
Held by thy voice. Miltons Paradife Lof.
2. Held in doubt; held in expectation.
T his faid, he fat; and expectation held
His looksfippenfe, awaiting who appear’d
To fecond or oppofe. Milton.
Suspension, n.f. [Jvfpenfcn, Fr. from fufpend.]
1. ACt of making to hang on any thing.
2. ACt of making to depend on any thing.
3. ACt of delaying.
Had we had time to pray,
With thoufand vows and tears we Fiould have fought,
That lad decree’sjujpenfion to have wrought. Walter.
4. ACt oi withholding or balancing the judgment.
In his Indian relations, wherein are contained incredible
accounts, he is furely to be read with fufpenfon-, thefe are
they which weakned his authorities with former ages, for he
is feldom mentioned without derogatory parenthefes. Brown.
I he mode of the will, which anfwers to dubitation, may
be called Jujpenfion; and that which in the fantaFick will is
obFinacy, is conFancy in the intellectual. Grew.
5. Interruption; temporary cellation.
Nor was any thing done for the better adjuFing things in
the time of that fu/penfion, but every thing left in the fame
Fate of unconcernednefs as before. Clarendon.
Suspe nsory, adj. [fujpcnjcire, Yr. fufpenfus, Lat.] That by
which a thing hangs. # v
There are feveral parts peculiar to brutes which are wanting
i.n man, as the feventh or fufpenjory mufcle of the eye. Ray.
SUSPICION.
sus S W A
SUSPICION. n.f [fufpicion, Fr. fufpicn, Lat.] The a£t of
fufpe ling ; imagination of fomething ill without proof.
I'hisJufpicioti Mifo for the hoggifti fhrewdnefs of her brain,
and Mopla for a very unlikely envy fhe hath Humbled upon.
Sidney.
Sufpicions amongft thoughts are like bats amongfl birds, they
ever fly by twilight; they are to be reprefled, or at the lead
well guarded, for they cloud the mind. Bacon.
Suspicion all our lives {hull be duck full of eyes;
For treafon is but truded like a fox,
Who ne’er lb tame, fo cherilh’d and lock’d up,
Will have a wild trick of his ancedors. Sbakefpeare.
Though wiidom wake, fufpicion fleeps
At wiIdom’s gate ; and to fimplicity
Reflgns her charge, while goodncfs thinks no ill
Where no ill feems. Miltons Parad. Lojl.
Suspi Clous, ady. [fufpiciofus, Latin.]
1. Inclined to fufpedt; inclined to imagine ill without proof.
Nature itfelf, after it has done an injury, will for ever be
fufpicious, anil no man can love the perfon he fufpedts.
South's Sermons.
A wife man will find us to be rogues by our faces ; we have
a fufpicious, fearful, condrained countenance, often turning
and {linking through narrow lanes. Swift.
2. Liable to fufpicion ; giving reafon to imagine ill.
They, becaufe the light of his candle too much drowned
theirs, were glad to lay hold on fo colourable matter, and
exceeding forward to traduce him as an author offufpicious
innovations. Hooker.
I fpy a black fufpicious threat’ning cl ud,
That will encounter with our glorious fun. Sbakefpeare.
Authors are fufpicious, nor greedily to be fwallowed, who
pretend to deliver antipathies, fympathies, and the occult abdrufities of things. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
His life
Private, unadlive, calm, contemplative,
Little fufpicious to any king. Milton.
Many mifchievous inftdfs are daily at work, to make people
of meritfufpicious of each other. Pope.
Suspiciously, ado. [from Jufpicious.]
1. With fufpicion.
2. So as to raife fufpicion.
His guard entering the place, found Plangus with his fword
in his hand, but not naked, but {landing Jufpicioufy enough,
to one already fufpicious. Sidney.
Suspi ciousness, n.f [from fufticious.’] Tending to fufpicion.
To make my edate known feemed impoflible, by reafon
of the fufpicioufnefs of Mifo, and my young midrefs. Sidney.
SuspiraTion. n.f. [fufpiratio fromfufpiro, Latin.] Sigh; acl
of fetching the breath deep.
Not cudomary fuits of folemn black,
Nor windyfufpiration of forc’d breath
That can denote me truly. Sbakefpeare.
In deepfufpirations we take more large gulphs of air to cool
our heart, overcharged with love or furrow. More.
ToSuspi're. v. n. [fufpiro, Latin.]
1. To figh; to fetch the breath deep.
2. It feems in Sbakefpeare to mean only, to begin to breath ; per¬
haps midaken for refpire.
Since the birth of Cain, the fird male child.
To him that did but yedcrday fufpii e.
There was notfuch a gracious creature born. Sbakefpeare,
To SUSTAIN, v. a. [foujlenir, Fr. fujlineo, Latin.]
1. To bear; to prop; to hold up.
The largenefs and lightnefs of her wings and tail fuftain her
without laffitude. More.
Vain is the force of man.
To crufh the pillars that the pile fjiain. Drydens JEneid.
2. To fupport; to keep from finking under evil.
The admirable curiofity and Angular excellency of this defign willfujlain the patience, and animate the indudry of him
who {hall undertake it. Holder.
If he have no comfortable expectations of another life to fuJlain him under the evils in this world, he is of all creatures
the mod miferable. Tillotfon.
3. To maintain; to keep.
What food
Will he convey up thither tofujlain
Himfelf and army ? Milton.
But it on her, not {he on it depends;
For (he the body doth fujlain and cherifh. Davies.
My labour willfujlain me. Milton.
4. To help; to relieve; to aflift.
They charged on pain of perpetual difpleafure, neither to
entreat for him, or any way fujlain him. Sbakefpeare.
His fons who feek the tyrant to fujlain,
And long for arbitrary lords again,
He dooms to death, afferting publick right. Drydens /.En.
5. To bear ; to endure.
Were it I thought death menac’d would enfue
This my attempt, I would fujlain alone
The word, and not perfuade thee. Milton.
Can Ceyx then fujlain to leave his wife,
And unconcern’d torf.ike the Iweets of life. Dryden.
Shall Turnus then fuch endlefs toil fujlain,
In fighting fields, and conquer towns in vain. Drydens
The mind danJs collected within herfelf, and fuflains the
fhock with all the force which is natural to her; but a heart
in love has its foundations dipped. Addifon.
6. To bear without yielding.
SacharilTa’s beauty’s wine,
Which to madnefs doth incline;
Such a liquor as no brain
That is mortal canfu/lain. Wader.
7. To fuffer; to bear as inflicted.
If you omit
The offer of this time, I cannot pronnfe.
But that you (hallfujlain more new difgrace?.
With thefe you bear already. Sbakefpeare's Henry VJII.
Sustainable, adj. [fouJlenabU, Fr. from fujlain.'] 1 hat may
be fudained.
Sustai'ner. n.f. [from fujlain.]
1. One that props ; one that fupports.
2. One that differs ; a fufferer.
Thyfelf had a ftjlainer been
Of much affliction in my caufe. Chapman's Iliad.
Sustenance, n.f. [Joufhnance, Fr.]
j. Support; maintenance.
Scarcely allowing himfelf fit fujlenance of life, rather than
he would fpend thofe goods for whole, fake only he ieemed to
joy in life. Sidney.
There are unto one end fundry means; as for the f'Jlenun.e
of our bodies many kinds of food, many lorts of raiment to
clothe our nakednefs. Hooker»
Is then the honour of your daughter of greater moment to
her, than to my daughter her’s, whofe JuJlenancc it was ? Add.
2. Neceffaries of life ; victuals.
The experiment cod him his life for want offujlenance. L'E.
The ancients were inventers of all arts necedary to life and
fujlenance, as plowing and fowing. Temple.
SustentaTion. n.f. [fomentation, Fr. from fuflento, Latin.]
1. Support; prefervation from falling.
Thefe deams once raifed above the earth, have their afeent
andfjlentation aloft promoted by the air. Boyle.
2. Support of life ; ufe of vi£luals.
A very abdemious animal, by reafon of its frigidity, and
latitancy in the winter, will long-fubdd without a vilible fujlentation. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
3. Maintenance. '
When there be great fhoals of people, which go on to
populate, without forefeeing means of life and fujlcntation; it
is of neceffity that once in an age they difeharge a portion of
their people upon other nations. Bacon.
SususrA/rnoN. n.f. [from jufurro, Latin.J Whifper; foft
murmur.
Sute. n.f. [forfuite~\ Sort.
Touching matters belonging to the church of Chrid, this
we conceive that they are not of one fute. Hooker.
Su'tler. n.f. [foeteler, Dutch; fudler, German.] A man that
fells provisions and liquour in a camp.
I {hallfutler be
Unto the camp, and profits will accrue. Sbakefp. Hen. V.
Send to tile futler s ; there you’re fure to find
The bully match’d with rafeals o{ his kind. Dryden.
Su'ture. n.f [futura, Latin.]
1. A manner of fewing or ditching, particularly of ditching
wounds.
Wounds, if held in clofe contact for fome time, reunite by
inofculation : to maintain this fituation, feveral forts offutures
have been invented; thofe now chiefly deferibed are the inter¬
rupted, the glovers, the quill’d, the twided and the dry fu¬
tures, but the interrupted and twided are almod the only
ufeful ones. Sharp's Surgery.
2. Suture is a particular articulation : the bones ot the cranium
are joined to one another by fourfutures. Quincy.
Many of our veffels degenerate into ligaments, and the
futures of the fkull are abolilhed in old age. Arbcthnot.
SWAB, n.f [Jvjubb, Swedifh.] A kind of mop to clean
floors.
To Swab. v. a. [ppebban, Saxon.] To clean with a mop.
It is now ufed chiefly at fea.
He made him fwab the deck. Shelvock's Voyage.
Swa'bber. n.f [fwabber, Dutch.] A fweeper of the deck.
The mafler, thefwabber, the boatfwain and I,
Lov’d Mall, Meg, and Marrian, and Margery. Shaft.
Was any thing wanting to the extravagance of this degene¬
rate age, but the making a tarpawlin and afwabber the hero of
a tragedy. Dennis.
To Swa'ddle. v. a. [rpeban, Saxon.]
1. To fwathe; to bind in cloaths, generally ufed of binding new-¬
born children.
Invefted by a veil of clouds.
And fwadled as new-born in fable flnouds;
For thefe a receptacle I defign’d. Sandys.
How
SWA SWA
How foon doth man decay !
When cloths are taken from a cheft of fwcets.
To fwaddlc infants, whole young breath
Scarce knows the way ;
Thofe clouts are little winding-fheets,
Which doconfign and fend them unto death. Herbert.
TheyJwaddled me up in my night-gown with long pieces of
linen, 'till they had wrapt me in about an hundred yards of
fwathe. Add'Jon.
2.To beat; to cudgel. A low ludicrous word.
Great on the bench, great in the faddle.
That could as well bind o’er as/waddle. Huclibras.
Swa'ddle. n.f [from the verb.] Cloaths bound round the
body. /
I beeeed them to uncafe me: no, no, fay they; and upon
that carried me to one of their houfes, and put me to bed in
all myjtvaddles. Addijon.
Swa ddlingband. I n. f. [from fvuadle.\ Cloath wrapped
Swa DDI.INGC1.0A1 H. > roun(] a new-born child.
SWADDLINGCLOUT. .)
From thence a fairy thee unweeting reft.
There as thou flept’lh in tenderJwaddlmgbandy
And her bafe elfin brood, there for thee left.
Such men do changelings call, fo changed by fairies theft.
Fairy hieen.
That great baby you fee there is not yet out of hisfwadlingclouts. Shakefp. Hamlet.
The [ivadlingbands were purple, wrought with gold. Dryd.
To SWAG. v. n. [pgan, Saxon; fweigia, Iflandick.] io
fink down by its weight; to lay heavy.
They are more apt, in [wagging down, to pierce with their
points, than in the jacent pofture, and crevice the wall. IVott.
Being a tall fifh, and with his Tides much comprefled, he
hath a long fin upon his back, and another anfwering to it on
his belly ; by which he is the better kept upright, or from
j'wagging on his fides. Grew.
To Swage, v. a. [from ajfwage.'] To eafe; tofoften; to mi¬
tigate.
Apt words have pow’r to [wage
The tumours of a troubled mind.
And are as balm to fever’d wounds. Milton.
Nor wanting pow’r to mitigate and Jwage,
With folemn touches, troubled thoughts, and chafe
Anguifh, and doubt, and fear from mortal minds. Milton.
I will love thee,
Though my diflradfed fenfes fhould forfake me,
I’d find fome intervals, when my poor heart
Should fwage itfelf, and be let loofe to thine. Otway.
To SWAGGER, v.n. [fwadderen, Dutch, to makeanoife;
ypegan, Saxon.J To bluffer; to bully; to be turbulently and
tumultuoufly proud and infolent.
Drunk ? fquabble ? fwagger ? and difeourfe fuftian with
one’s own fhadow ? Oh thou invincible fpirit of wine ! Shak.
’Tis the gage of one that I fhould fight withal, if he be
alive; a rafeal thatfwagger d with me laft night. Sbakefpeare.
Oft a terrible oath, with afwagger'mg accent fharplv twang’d
off, gives manhood more approbation than proof itfelf. Shak.
The lefier fize of mortals love to Jwagger for opinions, and
to boaft infallibility of knowledge. Glanv. Scepf.
Many fuch afles in the world huff, look big, flare, drefs,
cock, and fwagger at the fame noify rate. L’Ejlrange.
He chuck’d,
And fcarcely deign’d to fet a foot to ground,
Butfwagger'd like a lord. Dryden.
Confidence, how weakly foever founded, hath fome effett
upon the ignorant, who think there is fomething more than
ordinary in a fwagger 'mg man that talks of nothing but demonftration. Tillotfon.
To be great, is not to be ftarched, and formal, and fupercilious; to fwagger at our footmen, and browbeat our infe¬
riors. Collier on Pride.
What a pleafure is it to be vi&orious in a caufe ? to fwag¬
ger at the bar ? for a lawyer I was born, and a lawyer I will
be. Arbuthnot's Hiflory ofJohn Bull.
Swaggerer, n.f. [from fwagger.] A blufterer; a bully; a
turbulent noify fellow.
He’s nofwaggerer, hoftefs ; a tame cheater: you may ftroke
him as gently as a puppy greyhound. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Swa'ggy. adj. [fromfwag.] Dependent by its weight.
The beaver is called animal ventricofum, from hisfwaggy
and prominent belly. Brown's VAgar Errours.
Swain, n.f. [ypem, Saxon and Runick.]
1. A young man.
That good knight would not fo nigh repair,
Himfelf eftranging from their joyance vain,
Whofe fellowfhip Teem’d far unfit for warlike fwain. F.
2. A country fervant employed in hufbandry.
It were a happy life
To be no better than a homely fwain. Shak. Henry VI.
3. A pafloral youth
Bleftfwains ! whofe nymphs in ev’ry grace excel;
Bleft nymphs! whofefwains thofe graces fing fo well. Pope.
Swa'inmote. n.f. [ /wainmotus) law Lat.J A court touching
matters ot the foreft, kept by the charter of the foreft thrice
in the year. 'This court of fwainmote is as incident to a foreft,
as the court of piepowder is to a fair. The fwainmote is a
court of freeholders within the foreft. Cowel.
To Swale. 1 v. a. [ppelan, Saxon, to kindle.] To wafte or
ToSweal. ) blaze away ; to melt: as, the candle fwales.
Swa'llet. n.f. Among the tin-miners, water breaking in
upon the miners at their work. Bailey.
Swallow. n.J. [ ypalepe, Saxon.] A fmall bird of paffage, or, as fome fay, a bird that lies hid and fleeps in the
Winter.
The fwallow follows not Summer more willingly than we
your lordAiip. , Shak. Timon of Athens.
Daffodils,
That come before the fwallow dares. Shakejpeare.
The fwallows make ufe of celandine, and the linnet of
euphragia. More.
When [wallows fleet foar high and fport in air,
He told us that the welkin would be clear. Gay.
The fwallow fweeps
The flimy pool, to build his hanging houfe
Intent. Tkomfon's Spring.
To Swa'llow. v. a. [ypelgan, Saxon; fwelgen, Dutch,]
1. To take down the throat.
1 fwallow down my fpittle. Job \\i. 19.
If little faults
Shall not be wink’d at, how {hall we ftretch our eve,
Whofe capital crimes chew’d, fwallow'd, and digefted,
Appear before us? Shakejpeare’s Henry V,
Men are, at a venture, of the religion of the country; and
muft therefore fwallow down opinions, as filly people do empiricks pills, and have nothing to do but believe that they will
do the cure. Locne.
2. To receive without examination.
Confider and judge of it as a matter of reafon, and not
fivallow it without examination as a matter of faith. Locke.
3. Toengrofs; to appropriate. ,
Far be it from me, that 1 ftiould [wallow up or deftroy. 2 Sa.
Homer excels all the inventors of other arts in this, that he
hasfwallowed up the honour of thofe who fucceeded him. Pope.
4. To abforb ;. to take in ; to fink in any abyfs ; to engulph.
Though you untie the winds, and let them fight
Againft the churches, though the yefty waves
Confound and fwallczv navigation up. Shakefpeare.
I may be pluck’d into the [wallowing womb
Of this deep pit, poor Bafiianus’ grave. Shak. Tit. Andrcn.
Death is fwallowed up in victory. I Cor. xv. 54.
If the earth open her mouth and fwallow them up, ye fhall
underftand that thefe men have provoked the Lord. Hum. xvi:
In bogsfwallow’d up and loft. Milton.
He hid many things from us, not that they would fwallow
up our underftanding, but divert our attention from what is
more important. Decay of Pidy.
Nature would abhor
To be forced back again upon herfelf.
And like a whirlpooljwatlow her own ftreams.
Dryden and Lee’s Oedipus.
Should not the fad occafion fwallow up
My other cares, and draw them all into it ? Addifon.
Cities overturn’d,
And late at night in fwallowing earthquake funk. Thomfon.
5. To devour; to deftroy.
The neceflary provifion for life fwallows the greateft part of
their time. Locke.
Corruption [wallow’d what the liberal hand
Of bounty fcatter’d. ' Thomfon's Autumn.
6. To be loft in any thing; to be given up.
The prieft and the prophet areJwallowed up of wine. If.
Swa'llow. n.f [from the verb.] The throat; voracity.
Had this man of merit and mortification been called to ac¬
count for his ungodlyfwallow, in gorging down the eftates of
helplefs widows and orphans, he would have told them that it
was all for charitable ules. South.
Swa'llowt ail. n.f. A fpecies of willow.
The {hining willow they call fwallowtaif becaufe of the
pleafure of the leaf. Bacon s Natural Hi/lory.
Swa'llowwort. n f. A plant.
Swam. The preterite of fwim.
SWAMP. n.J. [fwamrns, Gothick ; ppam, Saxon; fuamm,
Iflandick; fwamme^ Dutch; fuomp, Danifti; fwarnp, Swedifh.]
A marfti ; a bog ; a fen.
Swa'mpy. adj. [fromfwamp.~\ Boggy ; fenny.
Swamp)' fens breathe deftrudlive myriads. Thomfon.
SWAN. n. J. [ypan, Saxon ; fuan, Danifli; fwaen, Dutch.]
The fwan is a large water-fowl, that has a long and very
ftraight neck, and is very white, excepting when it is young.
Its legs and feet are black, as is its bill, which is like that of
a goofe, but fomething rounder, and a little hooked at the
lower end of it: the two fides below its eyes are black and
Alining like ebony. Swans ufe wings like fails, which catch
the wind, fo that' they are driven along in the water. They
feed
s W A S W A
feed upon herbs and feme fort of grain like a goofe, and fcTiic
are {aid to have lived three hundred years. There is a fpecies
of fwans with the feathers of their heads, towards the breaft,
marked at the ends with a gold colour inclining to red. The
ivvan is reckoned by Mofes among the unclean creatures; but
it was confecrated to Apollo the god of mufick, becaufe it was
faid to fino- melodioufly when it was near expiring; a tradition
generally received, but fabulous. Calmet.
With untainted eye
Compare her face with fome that I {hall {how,
And I will make thee think thyjWan a crow. Sbakefpeare.
Let mufick found, while he doth make his choice;
Then if he lofe, he makes afwan like end. Sbakefpeare.
I have feen afwan,
With bootlefs labour, fwim againft the tide,
And fpend her ftrength with over-matching waves. Shakefp.
The birds eafy to be drawn are planipedes, or water-fowl,
is the mallard, goofe, and fwan. Peacham on Drawing.
The fearful matrons faife a fereaming cry,
Old feeble men with fainter groans reply ;
A jarring found refults, and mingles in the fky,
Like that of fwans remurm’ring to the floods. Dryden.
The idea, which anEnglifhman flgnifi.es oy the name Jwan,
is a white colour, long neck, black beaK, black legs, and whole
feet, and all thefe of a certain fize, with a power of fwimming in the water, and making a certain kind of noife. Locke.
Swa'nskin. n.f [fwan and Jkin.] A kind of foft flannel,
imitating for warmth the down of a lwan.
Swap. adv. [adfuipa, to do at a fnatch, lflandick.] Haftily ;
with hafty violence: as, he did itfwap. A low word.
To Swap. v.a. To exchange. See Lo Swop.
Sward, n.f. [fward, Swedi/h.J
1. The fkin of bacon.
2. The furface of the ground: whence green fward, or green
fwoyd.
Water, kept too long, loofens and foftens the fward, makes
it fubje£t to rufties and coarfe grafs. Note on Duffer.
The noon of night was part, when the foe
Came dreadlefs o’er the levelfwart, that lies
Between the wood and the fwift {breaming Oufe. A. Philips.
To plant a vineyard in July, when the earth is very dry
and combuftible, plow up the fwarth, and burn it. Adortimer.
Sware. The preterite of [wear.
Swarm, n.f. [ypeapm, Saxon ; fwerm, Dutch.]
j. A great body or number of bees or other fmall animals, par¬
ticularly thofe bees that migrate from the hive.
A fwarm of bees that cut the liquid {ky.
Upon the topmoft branch in clouds alight. Dryden s /En.
2. A multitude ; a croud.
From this fwartn of fair advantages,
You grip’d the general fway into your hand*
Forgot your oath to us at Doncafter. Sbakefpeare.
If we could number up thofe prodigiousfwarms that had
fettled themfelves in every part of it, they would amount to
more than can be found. Addifon on Italy.
To Swarm, v. n. [ypeajiman, Saxon; fwermen, Dutch.]
j. To rife as bees in a body, and quit the hive.
All hands employ’d.
Like labouring bees on a long Summer’s day ;
Some found the trumpet for the reft to fwarm. Dryden.
Swarm’d on a rotten ftick the bees 1 fpy’d. Gay.
When bees hang infwarming time, they will prefently rife,
if the Weather hold. Mortimer s Husbandry.
2. To appear in multitudes; to croud; to throng.
The mercilefs Macdonel,
The multiplying villanies of nature
Do fwarjn upon. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Our fuperfluous lacqueys, and our peafants,
Who in unneceflary adfion fwarm
About our fquares of battle. Shakcfp. Henry V.
What a multitude of thoughts at once
Awaken’d in mofwarm, • while Iconfider
What from within I feel myfelf, and hear
What from without comes often to my ears. Milton.
Then mounts the throne, high plac’d before the {hrine;
In crowds around the fwarming people join: Dryden’s Ain.
3. To be crouded ; to be over-run ; to be thronged.
Thefe garrifons you have now planted throughout all Ire¬
land, and every place fwarms with foldiers. Spenfer.
Her lower region Jwarfns with all fort of fowl, her rivers
with fiib, and her feas with whole flioals. Howcl.
Thofe days fwarmed with fables, and from fuch grounds
took hints for fi&ions, poifoning the world ever after. Brown.
4. To breed multitudes.
Not fo thick fwarn’d once the foil
Bedropp'd with blood of Gorgon. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
SWART'. I adf [fwarts, Gothick ; ypeapt, Saxon ; Jwart,
SWARTH. ( Dutch.]
J. Black; darkly brown; tawiley.
A nation ftrange, with vifage fwart,
And courage fierce, that all men did affray.
Through the world then fwarmed in every part. F. Qrteen,
A man
Of fHartb complexion, and of crabbed hue,
That him full of melancholy did {hew. Fairy Queen.
Whereas I was black andfwart before;
With thofe clear rays which {he infus’d on me,
That beauty am I bleft with, which you fee. Shah. H. VI.
No goblin, ox fwart fairy of the mine,
Hath hurtful power o’er true virginity. Milton.
2. In MUton it feems to fignify black ; gloomy; malignant.
Ye valleys low,
On whofe frefh lap thefwart ftar fparely looks Milton.
To Swart, v. a. [from the noun.] Io blacken; to
dufk. .. , I t
The heat of the fun mayfwart a living part, or even Lj.wJc
a dead or difl'oiving flefh. Browns Vulgar trrours.
Swa'rthily. adv. [from/parthy.] Blackly; dulkily; tawSwa'rthiness. n.f. [fromfwarthy.] Darknefs of complexion ;
tawninefs. . . ,, ,
Swa'rthy. adf [See Swart.] Dark of complexion; bjaocj
dufky; tawney.
Set me where, on fome pathlefs plain,
Thefwarthy Africans complain. ^ Rofcommon.
Though in the torrid climates the common colour is black
or fwarthy, yet the natural colour of the temperate climates is
more transparent and beautiful. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
Here fwarthy, Charles appears, and there
His brother with deje&ed air. ^ Addifon.
Did they know Cato, our remoteff kings
Would pour embattled multitudes about him;
Theirfwarthy hofts would darken all our plains*
Doubling the native horrour of the war,
And making death more grim. Addifon’s Cato.
Swash, n.f. [A cant word.] A figure, whofe circumference
is not round, but oval; and whofe moldings lie not at right
angles, but oblique to the axis of the work. . Moxon.
To SWASH, v. n. To make a great clatter or noife: whence
fwafhhuckler.
We’ll have afwaf-ing and a martial outfide,
As many other mannifh cowards have.
That do outface it with their femblances. Sbakefpeare.
Draw, if you be men: Gregory, remember thyfwafhing
How. Shak. Romeo and Juliet.
Swa'sher. n.f. [from fwafh.] One who makes a ihow of
valour or force of arms.
I have obferve’d thefe three fwajhers; three fuch anticks dp
not amount to a man. tshakef Henry V .
Swatch, n.f. A fwathe. Not in ufe.
One fpreadeth thofe bands fo in order to lie.
As barlie in fwatches may fill it thereby.
Swath, n.f. [ /wade, Dutch.]
1. A line of grafs cut down by the mower.
With tolling and raking, and fetting on cox,
Grade, lately in fwathes, is meat for an ox.
The ftrawy Greeks, ripe for his edge.
Fall down before him, like the mower sfwath.
As foon as your grafs is mown, if it lie thick in the fwath,
neither air nor fun can pafs freely through it. Mortimer.
2. A continued quantity.
An affection’d afs, that cons ftate without book, and utters
it by great fwaths. Shak. Dwelfth Night.
3. [Speban, to bind, Saxon.] A band ; a fillet. .
An Indian comb, a ftick whereof is cut into three {harp ana
round teeth four inches long: the other part is left for the
handle, adorned with fine ftraws laid along the fides,^ and
lapped round about it in feveral diftinctfwaths. Grew.
They fwaddled me up in my night-gown with long pieces of
linen, which they folded about me, ’till they had wrapped me
in above an hundred yards of Jwaihe. Addifon s bpedlator.
To Swathe, v. a. [ppe&an, Saxon.] To bind, as a child
with bands and rollers.
Thrice hath this Hotfpur, Mars in fwathing cloaths,
This infant warriour, and his enterprizes,
Difcomfited great Douglas. Shak. Henry IV.
He had two Tons; the eldeft of them at three years old,
I’ th’fwathing cloaths the other, from their nurfery
Were ftol’n. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Their children are neverfwathed, or bound about with any
thing, when they are firft born; but are put naked into the bed
with their parents to lie. Abbot's Defeript. of the IVcrld.
Swath'd in her lap the bold nurfe bore him out.
With olive branches cover’d round about. Dryden.
Matter’s feet are fwath'd no longer,
If in the night too oft he kicks.
Or (hows his loco-motive tricks. Prior.
To Sway. v.a. [febweben, German, to move.]
1. 'To wave in the hand; to move or weild with facility: as, to
fivay the feepter.
Glancing fire out of the iron play’d,
As fparkles from the anvil rife,
When heavy hammers on the wedge arefway d. Fa* Quufi.
ruffe'er.
Tuftr.
Shakefp.
25 x
To
S W E S VV E
2.To biafs; to dire6l to either fide.
Heav’n forgive them, that fo much havtfway'd
Your majefty’s good thoughts away from me. Shakefpeare.
I took your hands ; but was, indeed, '
Sway d from the point, by looking down on Caefar. Shakef
"1 he only way t’ improve our own,
By dealing faithfully with none;
As bowls run true by being made
On purpole faife, and to befway d. Hudibras.
3. To govern; to rule; to overpower; to influence.
The lady’s mad ; yet if ’twere fo,
She could notfway her houfe, command her followers,
With fuch a fmooth, difereet, and liable bearing, Shakefp.
The will of man is by his reafon Jzvay'd-,
And reafon fays, you are the worthier maid. Skakefpeare.
On Europe thence, and vtfhere Rome was to fway
The world. Miltons Paradife Loji.
A gentle nymph, not far from hence,
That with moift curbJways the fmooth Severn {bream,
Sabrina is her name. Milton.
Take heed left paffion fway
Thy judgment to do ought, which elfe free will
Would not admit. Milton's Paradife LoJl.
The judgment is fwayed by paffion, and ftored with lubri¬
cous opinions, inftead of clearly conceived truths. Glanv.
T his was the race
'Tofway the world, and land and fea fubdue. Dryden.
With thefe I went,
Nor idle flood with unaffifting hands,
When favage beafts, and mens more favage bands,
Their virtuous toil fubdu’d ; yet thofe Ifwayd
With pow’rful fpeech : I fpoke, and they obey’d. Dryden.
When examining thefe matters, let not temporal and little
advantagesfway you againft a more durable intereft. Tillotfon.
To Sway. v. n.
1. To hang heavy; to be drawn by weight.
In thefe perfonal refpedfs, the balance fivays on our part. Bac.
2. To have weight; to have influence.
The example of fundry churches, for approbation of one
thing, doth Jway much; but yet ftill as having the force of an
example only, and not of a law. Hooker.
3. To bear rule ; to govern.
The mind Ifway by, and the heart I bear.
Shall never fagg with doubt, nor fhake with fear. Shakefp.
Had’ll thou fway d as kings fhould do.
They never then had fprung like fummer flies. Shakefp.
Aged tyrannyfways not as it hath power, but as it is buf¬
fered. Shakefp. King Lear.
Here thou {halt monarch reign;
There did’ft not: there let him ftill victorjEwy. Milton,
Sway, n.f [from the verb.]
1. The fwing or fweep of a weapon.
To ftrike with huge two-handed fway. Milton.
2. Any thing moving with bulk and power.
Are not you mov’d, when all the fivay of earth
Shakes like a thing unfirm ? Sbak. Julius Ccefar.
Expert
When to advance, or {land, or turn thefivay
Of battle. Milton.
5. Power; rule; dominion.
This fort had fome fear that the filling up the feats in the
confiftory, with fo great number of laymen, was but to pleafe
the minds of the people, to the end they might think their
own fway fomewhat. Plooker.
In the end, very few excepted, all became fubjedl to the
fway oi time: other odds there was none, faving that fome
fell fooner, and fome later, from the foundnefs of belief. Hook.
Only retain
The name and all th’ addition to a king;
The fway, revenue, execution of th’ heft.
Beloved fons, be yours. Shakef. King Lear.
Her father counts it dangerous
T hat fhe fhould give her borrow fo muchfway,
And in his wifdom haftes our marriage,
To flop the inundation of her tears. Shakefpeare.
Too truly Tamerlane’s fuccefiors they ;
Each thinks a world too little for hisfway. Dryd. Aurengz.
When vice prevails, and impious men bear jway,
1 he poft of honour is a private Ration. Addifon s Cato.
4. Influence; diredlion.
An evil mind in authority doth not only follow the fivay oi
the defires already within it, but frames to itfelf new defires,
not before thought of. Sidney.
I hey rufn along, the rattling woods give way,
I he blanches bend before their fweepy fway. Dryden.
To SWEAIL v. n. preter. fwore orfwarc ; part. paff. Jworrt.
\_fwaian, Grothick; ypepian, Saxon; Jweeren, Dutch.]
I.I 0 obteft fome fuperiour power; to utter an oath.
If a man vow a vow unto the Lord, orJwenr an oath to
bind his foul with a bond, he {ball not break his word. Hum.
Thee, thee an hundred languages fhall claim.
And favage Indiansfwear by Anna’s name. Ticket.
2. To declare or promife upon oath.
We fhall have old fwearing
T hat they did give the rings away to men;
But we’ll outface them, and outfwear them too. Shakefpeare.
I gave my love a ring, and made him fwear
Never to part with it; and here he {lands,
I dare be {worn for him, he would not leave it,
Nor pluck it from his finger. Shakefpeare.
I would have kept my word ;
But, when I jwear, it is irrevocable. Shaktf HenryW.
Jacob faid, fwear to me; and he jv)are unto him. Gen.
Bacchus taken at Rhodes by Demetrius Poliorcetes, which
he fo efteemed, that, as Plutarch reports, hefware lie had rather
lofe all his father’s images than that table. Peacham.
3. To give evidence upon oath.
At what eafe
Might corrupt minds procure knaves as corrupt
To Jwear againft you ? Sbak. Henry VIII.
4. To obteft the great name profanely.
Becaufe of fwearing the land mourneth. Jer. xxiii. 10.
Obey thy parents, keep thy word juftly ;
Swear not. Shakf. King [ear.
None fo nearly difpofed to fcoffing at religion as thofe who
have accuftomed themfelves toJwear on trifling occafions. Till.
To Swear, v. a.
1. To put to an oath.
Mofes took the bones of Jofeph; for he had ftraitJyfworn
the children of Ifrael. Ex. xiii. 19.
Sworn afliore, man, like a duck; I can fwim like a duck.
I’ll beJworn. Shakejpeare’s Tempejl.
Let me fwear you all to fecrecy ;
And, to conceal my fhame, conceal my life. Dryden.
2. To declare upon oath.
3. To obteft by an oath.
Now by Apollo, king, thoufivearji thy gods in vain.
-Ovaftal ! mifereant! Shakejpeare.
Swe'arer. n.f. [fromfwear.] A wretch who obtefts the great
name wantonly and profanely.
And muft they all be hang’d that fwear and lie?
* -Every one.
• -Who muft hang them ?
-Why, the honell men.
*—Then the liars andJwearers are fools ; for there are liars and
fwearers enow to beat the honeft men and hang them up. Sbak,
Take not his name, who made thy mouth, in vain :
It gets thee nothing, and hath no excufe :
Luft and wine plead a pleafure, avarice a gain ;
But the cheap fwearcr through his open fluice
Lets his foul run for nought. Herbert
Of all men a philofopher fhould be nofwcarer ; for an oath,
which is the end of controverfies in law, cannot determine
any here, where reafon only muft induce. Brown.
It is the opinion of our moft refined fwear ers, that the fame
oath or curfe cannot, confiftently with true politenefs, be re¬
peated above nine times in the fame company by the fame perf°n- Swift's Polite Conve’fation.
SWEAT, n.f [pyear, Saxon; fweet, Dutch.]
1. The matter evacuated at the pores by heat or labour.
Sweat is fait in tafte; for that part of the nourifhment
which is frefti and fweet, turneth into blood and flefh; and
thefweat is that part which is excerned. Bacon.
Some infenfible effluvium, exhaling out of the ftone, comes
to be checked and condenfed by the air on the fuperficies of it,
as it happens tojweat on the fkins of ammais. Boyle.
Soft on the flow’ry herb I found me laid
In balmyfweat. Milton.
When Lucilius brandifhes his pen,
And fiafhes in the face of guilty men,
A cold jweat ftands in drops on ev’ry part.
And rage fucceeds to tears, revenge to fmart. Dryden.
Sweat is produced by changing the bilance between the
fluids and folids, in which health confifts, fo as that projectile
motion of the fluids overcome the refiftance of the folids. Arb.
2. Labour ; toil; drudgery.
1 his painful labour of abridging was not eafy, but a mat¬
ter of fweat and watching. “ 2 Mac. ii. 26.
T he field
To labour calls us, now with fweat impos’d. Milton.
W hat from Johnfon’s oil am]fweat did flow,
Or what more eafy nature did bellow
On Shakefpeare’s gentler mufe, in thee full grown
Their graces both appear. Denham.
3. Evaporation of moifture.
Beans give in the mow; and therefore thofe that are to be
kept are not to be thrafhed ’till March, chat they have had a
thorough fweat in the mow." Mortimer's Hvflandry.
To Sweat, v.n. preterite fleet,fweated , particip. paT.jweatcn.
[from the noun.]
I. To be raoift on the body with heat or labour.
Shall I fay to you,
Let them be free, marry them to your heirs ?
WhyJweat they under burdens? Shah. Merch. of Venter
Miftrefs
S W E
Miftrefs Page at the door, fweating*.nd blowing, and look¬
ing wildly, would needs (peak W'ith you. ShakeJpcare.
When he was brought again to the bar, to hear
His knell rung out, his judgment, he was ftirr’d
With fuch an agony, he fweat extremely. Sbak. H. VIII.
About this time in autumn, there reigned in the city and
other parts of th kingdom a difeafe then new ; which, of the
accidents and manner thereof they called the jweating/ficlcnels. Bacon's Henry V11.
A young tall fquire
Did from the camp at hrft before him go;
At firft he did, but fcarce could follow llrait,
Sweating beneath a fhield’s unruly weight. Cowley.
2. To toil; to labour; to drudge.
How the drudging goblin jwct
To earn his cream-bowl dulv fet;
When in one night, ere glimpfe of morn.
His Iliadov/y flail hath threfh’d the corn. Milton.
Our author, not content to fee
That others write as carelefsly as he;
Though he pretends not to make things complete,
Yet, to pleafe you, he’d have the poets fweat.
'
Waller.
3. To emit moiilure.
Wainfcots will fweat fo that they will run with water:
Bacon.
In cold evenings there will be a moifture orfweating upon
the ftool. Mortimer.
To Sweat, v. a. To emit as fweat.
Greafe that’sfweaten
From the murtherer’s gibbet, throw
Into the flame. Sbakefpeare s Macbeth.
For him the rich Arabia fweats her gum. Dryden.
Swe a'te r. n f [from fweat ] One who fweats.
Swea'ty. adj. [fromJweat.)
1. Covered with fweat; moift with fweat.
The rabblcment houted and clap’d their chop’d hands, and
threw up theirfweaty night-caps. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
A fweaty reaper from his tillage brought
Firft-fruits, the green ear, and the yellow fheaf. Milton.
2. Confiftingof fweat.
And then, fo nice, and fo genteel,
Such cleanlinefs from head to heel;
No humours grofs, or frowfy fleams.
No noifome whiffs, orfweaty ftreams. Svjift.
3. Laborious; toilfome.
Thofe who labour
The fweaty forge, who edge the crooked feythe.
Bend ffubborn fteel, and harden gleening armour.
Acknowledge Vulcan’s aid. Prior.
To Sweep, v. a. [ypapan, Saxon.]
1. To drive away with a befom.
2. To clean with a befom.
What woman, having ten pieces of filver, if the lofe one,
doth not fweep the houfe, and feek diligently ’till fhe find it ?
Lu. xv. 8.
3. To carry with pomp.
Let frantick Talbot triumph for a while.
And, like a peacock, Jweep along his tail. Sbak. Id. VI.
4. To drive or carry off with celerity and violence.
Though I could,
With barefac’d power, fweep him from my fight,
And bid my v/ill avouch it; yet I muff not. Sbakefpeare.
'J’he river of Kifhon fzvept them away. Jud-es v.
The bluftering winds ftriving for victory, /wept the fnow
from off the tops of thofe high mountains, and caff it down
unto the plains in fuch abundance, that the Turks lay as men
buried alive. Rushes’s Hijlory ofthe "Turks.
Flying bullets now
To execute his rage appear too flow;
I hey mifs or jweep but common fouls away ;
For fuch a lofs Opdam his life muff pay. ' Waller.
My looking is the fire of peftilence,
' hatfweeps at once the people and the prince. Dryden.
1 have already fujept tne flakes, and with the common good
fortune of profperous gamefters can be content to fit. Dryden.
Is this the man who drives me before him
To the world’s ridge, and fweeps me off like rubbifh? Dryd.
Fool ! time no change of motion knows ;
With equal fpeed the torrent flows
ToJweep fame, pow’r, and wealth away ;
The paft is all by death pofteft,
And frugal fate that guards the reff.
By giving, bids them live, to day. Fenton.
A duke holding in a great many hands, drew a huge heap
of gold; but never obferved a fharper, who under his arm
Jwept a great deal, of it into his hat. Swift.
5. To p fs over with celerity and force.
6. To rub over.
Tlu-ir longdefcending train
With rubies edg’d, and fapphircsfuept the plain. Dryden.
.SWE
7.To ffrike with long ftroke.
Defcend ye nine ; defeend and fing;
The breathing ioftruments infpire,
Wake into voice each filent firing.
And Jweep the founding lyre. Poje.
To Sweep, v. n.
1. To pafs with violence, tumult, or fwiftnefs.
Haffe me to know it, that I with wings as fwift
As meditation or the thoughts of love
Mayfweep to my revenge. Sbakefpeare.
A poor man that opprefleth the poor, is like afwerping rain
which leaveth no food, Prov. xxviii. iii.
Before tempeftuous winds arife,
Stars fhooting through the darknefsgild the night
With fweeping glories and long trails of light. Dryden%
2. I o pals with pomp ; to pafs with an equal motion.
She fwceps it through the court with troops of ladies.
More like an emprefs than duke Humphrey’s wife. Sbak.
In gentle dreams I often will be by.
And fweep along before your doling eye. Dryden.
3. To move with a long reach.
Nor always errs ; for oft the gauntlet draw’s
A five,ping ftroke along the crackling jaws. Dryden.
Sweep, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The a£t of fweeping.
2. Ti he compafs of any violent or continued motion.
A door drags when by its ill hanging on its hinges, or by
the ill boarding of the room the bottom edge of the door rides
in itsfweep upon the floor. Ad xotfs Meehan. hxercife.
Lion-hearted Richard like a torrent fwell’d
With wintry tempefts, that difdains all mounds,
Breaking away impetuous, and involves
Within its fweep, trees, houfes, men. Philips.
3: Violent deftrudion.
In countries fubjeeff to great epidemical fwceps, men may
live very long, but where the proportion of the chronical difternper is great, it is not likely to be fo. Graunt.
4. Diredion of any motion not redilinear.
Having made one incifion a little circularly, begin a fecond,
bringing it with an oppofite fweep to meet the other. Sharp.
Sweepings, n. f [from fweep:J That which is fwept away.
Should this one broomftick enter the feene, covered with
duff, though the/weepings of the fineft lady’s chamber, we
fhould defpife its vanity. Swift.
Swee'pnet. n.f [fwtep and net.] A net that takes in a great
compafs.
She was a fweepnet for the Spanifh fhips, which happily fell
into her net. Camden.
Sweepstake, n.f. [fweep and flake.] A man that wins
ail.
Is’t writ in your revenge,
Thatfwccpjlake you will draw both friend and foe,
Winner and Infer. Sbakefpeare.'
Swer'py. adj. [fromfweep.] Palling with great fpeed and vio¬
lence over a great compafs at once.
They rufh along, the rattling w’oods give U’ay,
The branches bend before theirfweepy fvvay. Dryden.
Sweet, adj. [ypete, Sax.foet, Dutch.]
1. Pleafing to any fenfe.
Sweet exprefies the pleafant perceptions of almoft every fenfe;
fugar isJweet, but it hath not the lame fweetnefs as mufick;
nor hath mufick the fweetnefs of a rofe, and a fweet profped
differs from them all: nor yet have any of thtfe the fame
fw’eetnefs as difeourfe, counfe), or meditation hath; yet the
royal Pfalmift faith of a man, we took fweet counfel together;
and of God, my meditation of him fhall befweet. ~Watts.
2. Lufcious to the tafte.
This honey tafted ftill is everfweet. Davies.
3. Fragrant to the find!.
Balm his foul head with warm diftilled waters,
And burn fweet wood to make the lodging fweet. Sbakefp.
Where a rainbow hangeth over or toucheth, there breatheth a fweet fmell; for that this happeneth hut in certain mat¬
ters which have fome fweetnefs which the dew of the rainbow
draweth forth Bac n.
Shred very finall with thime fweet-mzvzpry and a little win¬
ter favoury. Wal.on's Angler.
The balmy zephyrs, filent fince her death,
Lament the ceafing of a fwe/ter breath. Poi>e
'Fhe ftreets with treble voices ring,
To fell the bounteous produ£t of thefpring;
Sw^-fmelling flow’rs, and elders early bud. Qay
4. Melodious to the ear. \
The dulcimer, all organs offweet flop. Mi'ton
Her Ipeech is grac’d with fwfr ter found
T ban in another’s fong is found. Waller
No more the ftreams their murmurs fhall forbear
A fleeter mufick than their own to hear;
But tell the reeds, and tell the vocal lhore’
r air Daphne s dead, and mufick is no more. Pore.
2
5,Pleafing
SWE
Shakefp.
Milton.
Waller.
Milton. 4
5. Pleating to the eye.
Heav’n blefs thee!
Thou haft thefweeicjl face I ever look’d on. Shakefpeare.
6. Not fait.
The white of an egg, or blood mingled with fait water, ga¬
thers the faltnefs and maketh the waterfweeter; this may be
by adhefion. Bacons Natural HJiory.
The fails drop with rain,
Sweet waters mingle with the briny main. Dryden.
*7. Not four.
Time changeth fruits from more lour to more Jweet; but
contrariwife liquors, even thofe that are of the juice of fruit,
from more fweet to more four. Bacons Natural Hijlory.
Trees whole fruit is acid laft longer than thofe whofe fruit
isfweet. , Bacon.
When metals ate diflolved in acid menftruums, and the
acids in canjunXion with the metal act after a different man¬
ner fo that the compound has a different tafte, much milder
than before, and fometimes a fweet one; is it not becaufe the
acids adhere to the metaliick particles, and thereby lofe much
of their activity. Newtons Opticks.
8. Mild; foft; gentle.
Let me report to him
Yourfiveet dependency, and you {hall find
A conqu’ror that will pray in aid for kindnefs.
The Peleiades (hedding fweet influence.
Mercy has, could mercy’s felf be feen,
No fweeter look than this propitious queen.
9. Grateful; pleafing.
Sweet interchange of hill and valley.
Euryalus,
Than whom the Trojan hoft
No fairer face orfweeter air could boaft. Dryden’s cEncid.
10. Not ftale ; not ftinking : as, that meat it fweet.
Sweet, n.f
1.Sweetnefs ; fomething pleafing.
Pluck out
The multitudinous tongue, let them not lick
The jweet which is their poifon. Shakefpeare’> CenoJanus.
What fofter founds are thefe falute the ear.
From the large circle of the hemifphere.
As if the center of allfweets met here ! Ben. Jchnfon.
Hail! wedded love.
Perpetual fountain of domeftickfweets! Milton.
Taught to live
The eafieft way; nor with perplexing thoughts
To interrupt the fweet of life. Milton s Paradife Loft.
Now fince the Latian and the Trojan brood
Have tailed vengeance, and the fweets of blood,
Speak. Dryden’s eEneid.
Can Ceyx then fuftain to leave his wife.
And unconcern’d forfake thefweets of life ? Dryden.
We have fo great an abhorrence of pain, that a little of it
extinguiffies all our pleafures; a little bitter mingled in our
cup leaves no relifh of the fweet, Locke.
Love had ordain'd that it was Abra’s turn
To mix thefweets, and minifter the urn.
A word of endearment.
Siveet! leave me here a while
My fpirits grow dull, and fain I would beguile
The tedious day with fleep.
Wherefore frowns myfweet?
Have I too long been abfent from thefe lips?
3. A perfume.
As in perfumes,
’Tis hard to fay what feent is uppermoft ;
Nor this part mufick or civet can we call,
Or amber, but a rich refult of all:
So (lie was all afweet.
Flowers
Innumerable, by the foft fouth-weft
Open’d, and gather’d by religious hands,
Rebound theirfveets from th’ odoriferous pavement. Prior.
Swee'tbread. n.f. The pancreas of the calf.
Never tie yourfelf always to eat meats of eafy digefture, as
veal, pullets, or jweetbreads. Harvey on Confumption.
Swecthreed and collops were with fkewers prick’d
2.
Prior.
Shakefpeare.
Ben. Johnfon.
Dryden.
S W E
To Swee'ten. v. a. [from fweet.]
1, To make fweet.
The world the garden is, {he is the flow’r
Thatfweetens all the place; {he is the gueft
Of rareft price.
Here is the fimell of the blood ftill: all the perfumes of Ara¬
bia will notfweeten this little hand. Shakcfpearfr.
Give me an ounce of civet to fweeten my imagination.
, Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
With faireft flow’rs Fidele,
I’ll fweeten thy fad grave. Shakefpeare s Cymbelinc.
Be humbly minded, know your poft ;
Sw'eeteen your tea, and watch your toaft. ’ Swift.
2, To make mild or kind.
All kindnefles defeend upon fuch a temper, as rivers of
frefh waters falling into the main fea ; the fea fwallows them
all, but is not changed orfweetened by them. South’s Sermons.
3, To make lefs painful.
She the fweetnefs of my heart, even fweetens the death
which her fweetnefs brought upon me. Sidney..
Thou {halt fecure her helplefs fex from harms,
And (he thy cares will fweeten with her charms. Dryden.
Intereft of ftate and change of circumftanees may have
fweetened thefe reflexions to the politer fort, but impreffions
are not fo eafily worn out of the minds of the vulgar. Addifon.
Thy mercyfweet’ned ev’ry foil,
Made ev’ry region pleafe;
The hoary Alpin hills it warm’d,
And fmooth’d the Tyrrhene feas. Addifon s Speclator.
To palliate ; to reconcile.
Thefe ieflons may be gilt and fweetened as we order pills
and potions, fo as to take off the difguft ofthe remedy. L'jdjlr.
5. To make grateful or pleafing.
I would have my love
Angry fometimes, tofweeten off the reft
Of her behaviour. Ben. Johnfon’s Catiline.
6. To foften ; to make delicate.
Corregio has made his memory immortal, by the ftrength
he has given to his figures, and by fweetening his lights and
fhadows, and melting them into each other fo happily, that
they are even imperceptible. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
To Swee'ten. v. n. To grow fweet.
Where a wafp hath bitten in a grape, or any fruit, it will
fweeten haftily. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Swee'tener. n.f. [fromfweeten.]
1. One that palliates; one that'reprefents things tenderly.
But you who, till your fortune’s made,
Muft be afweet’ner by your trade,
Muft fwear he never meant us ill. Swift.
Thofe foftners, fweetners, and compounders, {hake their
heads fo ftrongly, that we can hear their pockets jingle. Swift.
2. That which contemporates acrimony.
Powder of crabs eyes and claws, and burnt egg-fhells are
preferibed asfweetners of any {harp humours. Temple.
Sweetheart, n.f. [fweet and heart.] A lover or miftrefs.
Miltrefs retire yourfelf
Into fome covert; take yourfweetkearts
And pluck o’er your brows. Shakefpeare.
Sweetheart, you are now in an excellent good temperality,
and your colour, I warrant you, is as red as any rofe. Shak.
One thing. Sweetheart, I will afk,
Take me for a new-fa{hion’d mafk. Cleave/and.
A wench was wringing her hands and crying; {he had new¬
ly parted with herfweetheart. DEftrange.
Pry’thee, fweetheart, how go matters in the houfe where
thou haft been ? L’Eflrange.
She interprets all your dreams for thefe.
Foretells th’ eftate, when the rich uncle -dies.
And fees afweetheart in the facrifice. Dryden’s Juvenal.
Sweeping, n.f. [fromfweet.]
1. A fweet lufeious apple.
A child will chufe a fweeting becaufe it is prefently fair and
pleafant, and refufe a runnet, becaufe it is then green, hard
and four. Ajcham’s Sihoolmajler.
2. A word of endearment.
Trip no further, pretty fweeting ;
Journeys end in lovers meeting. Shakefpeare.
About the fides ; imbibing what they deck’d. Dryden. Swee'tish. adj. [from fweet.] Somewhat fweet.
When you roaft a brealt of veal, remember your fweet¬
heart the butler loves a fweetbread. Swift.
Swee'tbriar. n.f. [fweet and briar.] A fragrant flhrub.
For March come violets and peach-tree in bloffom, the cor¬
nelian-tree in bloffom, and fweitbriar. Bacon.
Swee'tbroom. n.f An herb. Ainfworth.
SwEE TCICELY, n.f [Myrrhus ] A plant.
The charaXers are; it is an umbelliferous plant, with a
fofe-fhaped flower, confifting of feveral unequal petals or
flower-leaves that arc placed circularly, and reft upon the empalement, which turns to a fruit, compofed of two feeds refembling a bird’s bill, channelled and gibbous on one fide, but
plain on the other. Miller,
They efteemed that blood pituitous naturally, which abound¬
ed with an exceeding quantity offwcetijh chyle. _ Ftcyer.
Swee'tly. adv. [fromJweet.] In a fweet manner; with fweet¬
nefs. ,
The beft wine for my beloved goeth down fweetiy. Cant.
He bore his great commiflion in his look ; ^
Butfweetly temper’d awe, and foften d all he fpoxe. Dryden.
No poet everfweetly fung,
Unleft he were Jike Phcebus young ;
Nor ever nymph infpir d to rhyriie,
Unkffs like Venus in her prime.
Swee'tmeat. n.f. [fweet and meat.}
fruits preferved with fugar.
Delicacies made
Swift.
Mopfa
S W E S W E
Mopfa, as glad as offweetmeats to go of fuch an errand,
quickly returned. Sidney.
Why all the charges of the nuptial feafl.
Wine and deferts, and fweetmeats to digefL Dryden.
There was plenty, but the diflies were ill forted; whole
pyramids offweetmeats for boys and women, but little lblid
meat for men. Dryden.
Make your tranfparent fweetmeats truly nice,
With Indian fugar and Arabian lpicc. King's Cookery.
If a child cries for any unwholfome fruit, you purchale his
quiet by giving him a lels hurttulfwee'.sncat: this may preferve
his health, but Ipoilshis mind. Locke.
At a lord mayor’s lead, the fweetmeats do not make their
appearance till people are cloyed with beef and mutton.
Addifon.
They are allowed to kifs the child at meeting and parting;
b it a profeiTor, who always {lands by, will not fuffer them to
bring any prefents of toys orfweetmeats. Gulliver s Travels.
Swee tness, n. f [from fueet.J The quality of being fweet
in any of its fenfes; fragrance ; melody ; lufeioufnefs ; delicioufnefs ; agreeablenefs ; delightfulnefs; gentlenefs of man¬
ners ; mildnefs of afpeft.
She the fweetnefs of my heart, even fweetning the death
which her fweetn/s brought upon me. Sidney.
The right form, the true figure, the natural colour that is
fit and due to the dignity of a man, to the beauty of a wo-,
man, to the fweetnefs of a young babe. Afcham.
O our livesfweetnefs !
That we the pain of death would hourly bear.
Rather than die at once. Shakefpeare s King Lear.
Where a rainbow toucheth, there breatheth forth a fweet
fmell: for this happeneth but in certain matters, which have
in themfelves fomefweetnefs, which the gentle dew of the rain¬
bow draweth forth. Bacon.
Serene and clear harmonious Horace flows,
Withfweetnefs not to be exprefl in profe. Rofcommon.
Suppofe two authors equally fweet, there is a great diftinftion to be made in faueetnefs; as in that of fugar and that of
honey. Dryden.
This old man’s talk, though honey flow’d
In every word, would now lofe all itsfweetnefs. Addifon.
Leave fuch to tune their own dull rhymes, and know
What’s roundly fmooth, or languifhingly flow;
And praife the eafy vigor of a line.
Where Denham’s ftrength and Waller’sfaueetnefsjoin. Pope.
A man of good education, excellent underflanding, and
exaft tafle; thefe qualities are adorned with great modefly
. and a moft amiable faueetnefs of temper. Swift.
Sw £e^twii.liam. In. f. Plants. I hey are a fpecies of gilliSwee'twillow j flowers. [See Clove Gilliflowers.]
Swee'twillow. n.f Gale or Dutch myrtle.
The leaves are placed alternately on the branches : it hath
male flowers which are produced at the wings of the leaves ;
are naked, and grow in a longifli fpike: the fruit, which is
produced in feparate trees, is of a conical figure, and fquamofe, containing one feed in each feale. Miller.
To Swell, v.n. Participle pafY.fwollen. [ypellan, Sax.fwellen,
Dutch.]
1. To grow bigger ; to grow turgid ; to extend the parts.
Propitious Tyber fmooth’d his wat’ry way,
He roll’d his river back, and pois’d he flood,
A gentlefwelling and a peaceful flood. Dryden s /Eneid.
2. To tumify by obftruftion.
But flrangely vifited people.
All fwoVn and ulc’rous.; pitiful to the eye,
The meerdefpair of furgery he cures. Shakefpeare'’s Aiacbeth.
Forty years didfl thou fullain them in the wildernefs, fo
that their cloaths waxed not old, and their feetfwelled not.
i Nehem. ix. 21.
Swoi’n is his breafl; his inward pains encreafe,
All means are us’d, and all without fuccefs. Dryden.
3. To be exafperated.
. . My pity hath been balm to heal their wounds.
My mildnefs hath allay’d theirfwelling griefs. Shakefpeare.
4. To look big.
Here he comes, fwelling like a turkey-cock. Shakefpeare.
Peieus and Telephus exil’d and poor,
Forget theirfwelling and gigantick words. Rofcommon.
5. To protuberate.
This iniquity fhall be as a breach ready to fall, fwelling out
in a high wall. Ifa.xxx. 13.
6. To rife into arrogance; to be elated.
In all things elfe above our humble fate,
Your equal mind yet/wells not into flate. Dryden.
7. To be inflated with anger.
I will help every one from him thatfwelletb againfl him, and
will fet him at reft. Pfalms xii. 6.
We have made peace of enmity
Between thefefuelling wrong incenfed peers. Shakefpeare.
1 he hearts of princes kifs obedience,
So much they love it; but to flubborn fpirits
l heyfwell and grow as terrible as florms. Shakefpeare.
8* To grow upon the view.
O for a mufe of fire, that would afeend
The brightefl: heaven of invention !
A kingdom for a flage, princes to aft,
And monarchs to behold thefwelling feene. Shakefpeare.
9. It implies commonly a notion of fomething wrong.
Your youth admires
The throws and fuellings of a Roman foul,
Cato’s bold flights, th’ extravagance of virtue Addifon.
Immoderate valourfwe’ls into a fault. Addifon s Cato.
To Swell. v. a.
1. To caufe to rife or encreafe; to make tumid.
Wind, blow the earth into the fea,
Orfwell the curled waters ’bove the main. Shakefpeare.
You who fupply the ground with feeds of grain,
And you who[wellthofe feeds with kindly rain. Dryden.
2. To aggravate; to heighten.
It is low ebb with his accufer, when fuch peccadillos are put
to fwell the charge. Atterbury.
3. To raife to arrogance.
All thefe miferies proceed from the fame natural c.nufes,
which have ufually attended kingdomsJwoltn wirh long plenty,
pride, and excefs. Clarendon.
Swell, n.f [from the verb.] Extenfion of bulk.
The fwan’s down-feather
That Hands upon the fwell at full of tide,
And neither way inclines. Shakefp. Antony and Cle'patra.
1 he king of men, fwoln with pride,
Refus’d his prefents, and his prayers deny’d. Dryden.
Swe'lling. n. f. [from[well.]
1. Morbid tumour.
2. Protuberance; prominence.
The iuperficies of fuch plates are not even, but have many
cavities andfwellings, which how fhallow foever do a little vary
the thicknefs of the plate. Newton's Opticks.
3. Effort for a vent.
My heart was torn in pieces to fee the hufband fuppreffing
and keeping down thefwellings of his grief. Tatler.
To Swelt. v.n. To puff in fweat, ifthat be the meaning.
Chearful blood in faintnefs chill did melt,
Which like p. fever fit through ali his bodyfuelt. Fa. jfhteen.
To SWE'LTER. v. n. [This is fuppofed to be corrupted from
fafay- ]
1. 'Fo be pained with heat.
If the fun’s exceffive heat
Makes our bodies[welter.
To an ofier hedge we get
For a friendly fhelter j
There we may
Think and pray.
Before death
Stops our breath. tValton’s Angler.
To Swe'lter. v. a. To parch, or dry up with heat.
Some would always have long nights and fhortdays ; others
again long days and fhort nights; one climate would be fcorched andfweltered with everlafling dog-days, while an eternal
December blafted another. Bentley s Sermons.
Swe'ltry. adj. [from[welter.] Suffocating with heat.
Swept. The participle and preterite offu/eep.
To Swerd. v. n. To breed a green turf. [See to Sward.]
The clays that are long in /werding, and little fubjeft to
weeds, are the befl land for clover. Mortimer.
To Swerve, v.n. [Jwerven, Saxon and Dutch.]
1. To wander; to rove.
A maid thitherward did run,
To catch her fparrow which from her did fwerve. Sidney.
Thefwerving vines on the tall elms prevail.
Unhurt by fouthern fhow’rs or northern hail Dryden.’
2. To deviate; to depart from rule, cuflom or duty.
That which angels do clearly behold, and without any
fwerving obferve, is a law celeflial and heavenly. Hooker.
Howfoever thefe fwervings are now and then incident into
the courfe of nature, neverthelefs fo conflantly the laws of
nature are by natural agents obferved, that no man denieth ;
but thofe things which nature worketh are wrought either al¬
ways, or for the moft part after one and the fame manner.
Hooker.
The ungodly have laid a fnare for me ; but yet I fwerve
not from thy commandments. Common Prayer.
Were I crown’d the moft imperial monarch,
Thereof moft worthy, were I the faireft youth
That ever made the eyefwerve,
I would not prize them without her love. Shakefpeare.
There is a proteftion very juft which princes owe to their
fervants, when, in obedience to their juft commands, upon
extraordinary occafions, in the execution of their trulls, they
fwerve from the ftrift letter of the law. Clarendon.
Till then his majefly had not in the leaflfiuerved from that
aft of parliament. Clarendon.
Annihilation in the courfe of nature, defeft and fwerving
in the creature without the fin of man would immediately
follow. Hakewill on Providence.
t<s Y Firm
S W I
Firm we fubfift, yet poflible to fwcrve. Milton.
Many who, through the contagion of ill example, fwerve
exceedingly from the rules of their holy faith, yet would up¬
on fuch an extraordinary warning be brought to comply with
t]ieni< Alterbury s Sermons.
3. To ply; to bend.
Now their mightieft quell’d, the battltfwerv d
With many an inroad gor’d. Mi,ton.
4. [I know not whence derived.] To climb on a narrow body.
Ten wildings have I gather’d for my dear,
Upon the topmoft branch, the tree was hign.
Yet nimbly up from bough to bough IJwerv d. Dryden.
She fled, returning by the way {he went,
Andfwerv'd along her bow with fwift afeent. Dryden.
SWIFT, adj. [rpiFr> Saxon.] _ .
1. Moving far in a fhort time; quick; fleet; fpeedy; nimble;
rapid.
Thou art fo far before,
Thatfwiftefi wing of recompence is flow
To overtake thee. Shakefpeare.
Yet are thefe feet, whofe ftrengthlefs flay is numb.
Unable to fupport this lump of clay,
Swift-winged with defire to get a grave. Skakejpeare.
Men of war, whofe faces were like the faces of lions, and
as fwift as the roes upon the mountains. 1 Cbron. xii. 8.
We imitate and pradtife to make fwifter motions than any
out of other mufkets. Bacon.
To him with fwift afeent he up return’d. Milton.
Things that move fo fwift as not to affeft the fenfes diftin£tly, with feveral diftinguifhable diflances of their motion,
and fo caufe not any train of ideas in the mind, are not per¬
ceived to move. Locke.
It preferves the ends of the bones from incalefcency, which
they, being folid bodies, would contract from any fwift mo¬
tion: Ray.
Thy Humbling founder’d jade can trot as high
As any other Pegafus can fly ;
So the dull eel moves nimbler in the mud,
• Than all the fwift fin’d racers of the flood. Dorfct.
Clouded in a deep abyfs of light, ' 1
White prefent, too fevere for human fight, _ >
Nor flaying longer than one fwift-wing’d night. Prior. 3
Mantiger made a circle round the chamber, and thefwiftfooted martin purfued him. Arbuthnot.
There too my fon,-ah once my beft delight,
Once fwift of foot, and terrible in fight. Pope's Odyffey.
Swift they defeend, with wing to wing conjoin’d,
Stretch their broad plumes, and float upon the wind.* Pope.
2. Ready.
Let every man be fwift to hear, flow to fpeak. fa. i. 19.
He made intricate feem ftraight,
To mifehieffwift. Milton.
Swift, n.f. [from the quicknefs of their flight.]
x. A bird like a fwallow ; a martinet.
Swifts and fwailows have remarkably fhort leg*, and their
toes grafp any thing very ftrongly. Derbam.
2. The current of a ftream.
He can live in the ftrongeftfwifts of the water. Walton.
Swi'ftly. adv. [fromJwiftf Fleetly ; rapidly; nimbly ; with
celerity; with velocity.
Thefe movefwiftly, and at great diftanee; but then they
require a medium well difpofed, and their tranfmiffion is eafily flopped. Bacons Natural Hijlory.
Pleas’d with the paflage, we fW&eJwiftly on,
And fee the dangers which we cannot fhun. Dryden.
In decent order they advance to light ; 3
Yet then too Jwiftly fleet by human fight, >
And meditate too foon their everlafting flight. Prior. 3
Swi'ftness. n.f. [from fwift.] Speed ; nimblenefs ; rapidity;
quicknefs; velocity ; celerity.
Let our proportions for thefe wars
Re foon colledted, and all thing thought upon.
That may with reafonable fwiftnefs add
More feathers to our wings. Shakefpeare s Henry V.
We may outrun
By violentfwiftnefs that which we run at;
And lofe by over running. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Speed to deferibe whofe fwiftnefs number fails. Milton.
Exulting, till he finds their nobler fenfe
Their difproportion’d fpeed does recoinpenfe;
Then curfes his confpiring feet, whofe feent
Betrays that fafety which theirfiViftnefs lent. Denham.
Such is the mightyfwiftnefs of your mind,
Thatlikethe earth’s, it leaves our fenfe behind. Diyden.
To Swig. v.n. [fwiga, Iflandick.] To drink by large draughts.
To SWILL, v. a. [ppdgan, Saxon.]
I. To drink luxurioufly and grofsly.
The wretched, bloody, and ufurping boar
That fpoil’d your fummer fields and fruitful vines,
Swills your warm blood like wafh, and makes his trough
In your embowel’d bofoms. Shakefpeare's Richard III.
S W I
The mofl common of thefe caufes are an hereditary difpofition, Jwilling down great quantities of cold watery liquors.
Arbuthnot on Diet.
Such is the poet, frefli in pay.
The third night’s profits of his play;
His morning draughts till noon canfwill,
Among his brethren of the quill. Swift.
2. To wafh; to drench.
As fearfully as doth a galled rock
O’erhang and jutty his confounded bafe,
Swill'd with the wild and wafteful ocean. Shakefpeare.
With that a German oft hasfwlll'd his throat.
Deluded, that imperial Rhine beflow’d
The generous rummer. Philips.
q- To inebriate.
I fhould be loth
To meet the rudenefs and fwill'd infolence
Of fuch late waflailers. Milton.
He drinks a fwilling draught; and lin’d within.
Will fupple in the bath his outward fkin. Dryden.
Swill, n. f. [from the verb.] Drink, luxurioufly poured down.
Give fwine fuch fwill as you have. Mortimer.
Thus as they fwim, in mutualfwillthe talk
Reels faff from theme to theme. Thomfon.
Swiller. n.f. [fromfwill.] A luxurious drinker.
To SWIM. v.n. PreteriteJwam, J'wom, orfwum. [ypimman,
Saxon; Iwemmen^ Dutch.]
1. To float on the water; not to fink.
I will fcarce think you havefwam in agohdola. Shakefpeare.
We have {hips and boats for going underwater, and brook¬
ing of feas; alfo fwimming-f\rd\es and fupporters. Bacon.
2. To move progrefiively in the water by the motion of the
limbs.
Leap in with me into this angry flood,
And fwim to yonder point. Shakefpeare's Julius Cafar.
I have ventur’d.
Like little wanton boys thatfwim on bladders,
Thefe many fummers in a fea of glory;
But far beyond my depth. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
The foldiers counfel was to kill the prifoners, left any of
them fhould fwim out and efcape. Adis xxvii. 42.
The reft driven into the lake, where feeking to fave their
lives by fwiturning, they were flain in coming to land by the
Spanifh horfemen, or elfe in their fwimming {hot by the harquebufiers. Knolles.
Animals fwim in the fame manner as they go, and need
no other way of motion for natation in the water, then for
progreflion upon the land. Brown's Vulgar Errours*
The frighted wolf now fwims among the fheep.
The yellow lion wanders in the deep:
1 he flag fwims fafter than he ran before. Dryden.
Blue friton gave the fignal from the fhore.
The ready Nereids heard and fwam before,
To fmooth the feas. Dryden.
3. To be conveyed by the ftream.
With tenders of our prote&ion of them from the fury of
thofe who would foon drown them, if they refufed to Jwim
down the popular ftream with them. King Charles.
I fworn with the tide, and the water under me was buoyant.
Dryden.
4. To glide along with a fmooth or dizzy motion.
She with pretty and withfwimming gate
Follying, her womb then rich with my young fquire
Would imitate. Shakefpeare.
A hovering mift came fwimming o’er his fight.
And feal’d his eyes in everlafting night. Dryden.
My flack hand dropt, and all the idle pomp,
Priefls, altars, victimsfwam before my fight ! Smith.
The fainting foul flood ready wing’d for flight,
And o’er his eye-ballsfwam the {hades of night. Pope.
5. Ta be dizzy; to be vertiginous.
I am taken with a grievousfwimming in my head, and fuch
a mift before my eyes, that I can neither hear nor fee. Dryd.
6. To be floated.
When the heavens are filled with clouds, when the earth
fwims in rain, and all nature wears a lowring countenance, I
withdraw myfelf from thefe uncomfortable feenes into the vifionary worlds of art. Addifon's Spectator.
Sudden the ditches fwell, the meadowsfwim. Thomfon.
7. To have abundance of any quality; to flow in any thing.
They now Jwim in joy.
Ere long to Jwim at large, and laugh ; for which
The world'a wor d of tears mult weep.
To Swim. v. a. To pat's by fwimming.
Sometimes he thought to fwim the ftormy main.
By ftretch of arms the diftant Ihore to gain. Dryden.
Swimm. n.f. [fiom the verb.} The bladder of fifties by which
they arc (imported in the watet. . ^
The braces have the nature and life of tendons, in contract¬
ing the fwim, and thereby transiting the air out of one blad¬
der int/another, or difeharging it from them both. Grew.
Swimmer,
Milton.
S W I S W I
Swi'mmer. n.f. [from fwim.]
1. One who fwims.
Birds find eafc in the depth of the air, asfwimmers do in a
deep water. Bacon.
Latiroftrous and flat billed birds, being generally fwimmers,
the organ is wifely contrived tor a£lion. Brown.
Life is oft preftrv’d
By the bold fwimmey in the lwift illapfe
Of accident difaftrous. Thomfon.
2, The Jivimrner is fituated in the fore legs of a horfe, above
the knees, and upon the infide, and almott upon the back
parts of the hind legs, a little below the ham : this part is with¬
out hair, and refembles a piece of hard dry horn. Farrier’s Diff.
Svvi'mmingly. adv. [from fwimming.] Smoothly; without
obttrudlion. A low word.
John got on the batt'ements, and called to Nick, I hope
the caufe goes on fwimmingly. Arbuthnot.
SWINE, n.f. i ppm, Saxon; fwyn, Dutch. It is probably the
plural of fome old word, and is now the fame in both num¬
bers.] A hog; a pig. A creature remarkable for ftupidity
and naftinefs.
O monftrous bead! how like afivine he lies! Shakefp.
He will befivine drunk; and in hisfieep he does little harm,
fave to his bedcloaths. SbakeJpeare.
Who knows not Circe,
The daughter of the Sun ? whofe charmed cup
Whoever tailed, loft his upright fhape,
And downward fell into a grovelingfwine. Milton.
Had the upper part, to the middle, been of human lhape,
and all below /"wine, had it been murder to deftroy it ? Locke.
How inftindt varies in the grov’lingfwine.
Compar’d, half reafning elephant, with thine! Pope.
Swi^NEbread, n.f. A kind of plant; truffles. Bailey.
Swi'neherd. n.f. [ppm and Saxon.] A keeper of
hogs
There fwineherdr, that keepeth the hog. Tuffer.
The wholte interview between UJyffes and Eumeus has
fallen into ridicule: Eumeus has been judged to be of the
fame rank and condition with our modern fwinek-erds. Br-oorrie.
Swi'nepipe. n.f A bird of the thrufti kind. Bailey.
To Swing, v. n. [ppmjan, Saxon.]
j. To wave too and fro hanging loofely.
I tried if a pendulum would Jiving fader, or continue fwinging longer in our receiver, in cafe of exfudlion of the air,
than otherwife. Boyle.
If the coach fwung but the leaft to one fide, fhe ufed to
fhriek fo loud, that all concluded fhe was overturned, Arbuthn.
Jack hath hanged himfelf: let us go fee how hefwings. Arb.
When the fivinging figns your ears offend
With creaking noife, then rainy floods impend. Gay.
2. To fly backward and forward on a rope.
To Swing, v. a. preterite fwang, fwung.
1. To make to play loofely on a firing.
2. To whirl round in the air.
His fword prepar’d
He fwang about his head, and cut the winds. Sbakefpeare.
T ake bottles and fwing them: fill not the bottles full, but
leave fome air, elfe the liquor cannot play nor flower. Bacon.
Swinging a red-hot iron about, or fattening it unto a wheel
under that motion, it will fooner grow cold. Broivn.
Szving thee in the air, then dafli thee down.
To t’h’ hazard of thy brains and fhatter’d fides. Milton.
3. To wave loofely.
If one approach to dare his force.
He fwings his tail, and fwiftly turns him round. Dryden.
Swing, n f. [from the verb.]
1. Motion of any thing hanging loofely.
In catting of any thing, the arms, to make a greaterfwing,
are firft caft backward. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Men ufe a pendulum, as a more fteady and regular motion
than that of the earth; yet if any one fhould afk how he
certainly knows that the two fucceffive J'wings of a pendulum
are equal, it would be very hard to fatisfy him. Locke.
2. A line on which any thing hangs loofe.
3. Influence or power of a body put in motion.
The ram that batters down the wall.
For the greatfwing and rudenefs of his poize,
They place before his hand that made the engine. Shakefp.
In this encyclopedia, and round of knowledge, like the great
wheels of heaven, we’re to obferve two circles, that, while we
are daily carried about, and whirled on by the fwing and rapt
of the one, we may maintain a natural and proper courfe in
the fober wheel of the other. Brcwn.
The defending of the earth to this orbit is not upon that
mechanical account Cartefius pretends, namely, the ftrong
fwing of the more folid globuli that overflow it. More.
4. Courfe; unreftrained liberty; abandonment to any motive.
Fa£ls unjuft
Commit, even to the fullfwing of his lull. Chapman.
Take thyjiving;
For not to take, is but the felf-fame thing. Dryden.
Let them all take theirfwing
To pillage the king,
And get a blue ribband inftead of a firing. Swift.
5.Unreftrained tendency.
Where the Jwing goeth, there follow, fawn, flatter, laugh,
and lie luftily at other mens liking. Afchanis Schoolmajter.
7'hefe exuberant productions only excited and fomented his
lufts ; fo that his whole time lay upon his hands, and gave him
leifure to contrive and with fullfwing purfue his follies. Wood.
Thofe that are fo perfuaded, defire to be wife in a way that
will gratify their appetites, and fo give up themfelves to the
fwing of their unbounded propenfions. Glanv. Seep/. Preface.
Were it not for thefe, civil government were not able to
ftand before the prevailing fwing of corrupt nature, which
would know no honefty but advantage. South.
To SWINGE, v. a. [ppingan, Saxon.]
1. To whip; to baftinade; topunifh.
Sir, I was in love with my bed : I thank you, you fwing’d
me for my love, which makes me the bolder to chide you for
your’s. Shakef Two Gent, of Vcrona.
This very rev’rend letcher, quite worn out
With rheumatifms, and crippled with his gout,
Forgets what he in youthful times has done,
Andfwinges his own vices in his fon. Dryd. jin. Juvenal.
The printer brought along with him a bundle of thofe pa¬
pers, which, in the phrafe of the whig-coffeehoufes, have
fwinged off the Examiner. Swift.
2. To move as a lafh. Not in ufe.
He, wroth to fee his kingdom fail,
Swinges the fcaly horror of his folded tail. Milton.
Swince. n.f. [from the verb.] A fway ; a fweep of any thing
in motion. Not in ufe.
The (hallow water doth her force infringe.
And renders vain her tail’s impetuousfwinge. Waller.
Swi'ngebuckler. n.f. [fwmge and buckler.] A bully; a
man who pretends to feats of arms.
You had not four fuch fiuingebucklers in all the inns of court
again. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Swi'nger. n f. [fromJiving.] He who fwings ; a hurler.
Swinging, ady. [fromJwinge.] Great; huge. A low word.
7 he countryman feeing the lion difarmed, with a fwinging
cudgel broke oft" the match. L’Eftrange.
A good /winging fum of John’s readied cafh went towards
building of Hocus’s countryhoufe. Arbuthnot.
SwLngingly. adv [from /winging.’] Vaftly; greatly.
Henceforward he’ll print neither pamphlets nor linen,
And, if fwearing can do’t, (hall be Jwingingly maul’d. Swift.
To Swi'ngle. v. n, [fromfwing.]
1. 7'o dangle ; to wave hanging.
2. To fwing in pleafure.
Swi'nish. adj. [from fwine.] Befitting fwine; refembling
fwine; grofs 5 brutal.
They clepe us drunkards, and withfwinijh phrafe
Soil our addition. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Swinijh gluttony
Ne’er looks to heav’n amidft his gorgeous feaftj
But, with befotted bafe ingratitude,
Crains and blafphemes his feeder. Milton.
To Swink. v.n. [ ppincan, Saxon. ] To labour; to toil; to
drudge. Obfolete.
Riches, renown, and principality.
For which men fwink and fweat inceftantly. Fairy Sfueen.
For they do fwink and fweat to feed the other,
Who live like lords of that which they do gather. Hub.Tale.
To Swink. v. a. To overlabour.
The labour'd ox
Inhis loofe traces from the furrow came.
And thefwink’d hedger at his fupper fat. Milton.
Swink. n.f. [ppinc, Saxon.] Labour; toil; drudgery. Ob¬
folete.
Ah, Piers, been thy teeth on edge, to think
How great fport they gaynen with little Jwinke ? Spenfer.
Thou’s but a lazy loorde.
And rekes much of thy Jiuinke. Spenfer.
Switch, n.f. A fmall flexible twig.
Fetch me a dozen crabtree (laves, and ftrong ones; thefe
are butftvitches. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
When a circle ’bout the wrift
Is made by beadle exorcift,
The body feels the fpur andfwitch. Hudibras.
Mauritania, on the fifth medal, leads a horfe with fomething
like a thread ; in her other hand (he holds a fwitch. Addifon.
To Switch, v. a. [from the noun.] Tola(h; to jerk.
Lay thy bridle’s weight
Mod of thy left fide; thy right horfe then fwitching, all thy
throat
Spent in encouragements, give him; and all the rein let
float. Chapman’s Iliad.
SwFvel. n.f Something fixed in another body 1b as to turn
round in it.
1
5
SWOBBE*.
s w o
Swc/bbf.r. n.f. [See SwabbER.]
l.A fweepcr of the deck.
Cubb’d in a cabbin, on a mattrefs laid,
On a brown george with loufyfwobbers fed. ^ _ Dryden>
2> Four privileged cards that are only incidentally ufed in betting
at the game of whift.
The clergyman ufed to play at whift and fwobbers: playing
now and then afober game at whift for paftime, it might be
pardoned; but he could not digeft thofe wicked/wobbers. Swift.
Swo'llen. I Thfe participle paffive of jwell.
bWOLN. S ... ... ,
Unto his aid fhe haluly did draw
Her dreadful beaft, who, fwoln with blood of late,
Came ramping forth with proud prefumptuous gait. F. $$>u.
When thus the gather’d florins of wretched love
In myjwoln bofom with long war had ftrove,
At length they broke their bounds: at length their force
Bore down whatever met its ftronger courfe;
Laid all the civil bonds of manhood wafte.
And flatter’d ruin as the torrent paft. _ Ft hr.
Whereas at firft we had only three of thefe principles, their
number is alreadyfwoln to five. Baker on Learning.
SwoM. The preterite of fwtm.
I fwom with the tide, and the water was buoyant under
me. Dryden.
To Swoon, v. n- [aypunan, Saxon.] To fuffer a fufpenfion
of thought and fenfation ; to faint.
So play the foolifh throngs with one thatfwoons;
Come all to help him, and fo flop the air
By which he ihould revive. Sbakefpeare.
If thou ftand’ft not i’ th’ ftate of hanging, or of feme death
more long in fpe&atorlhip, and crueler in fuffering, behold
now prefently, and jwoon for what’s to come upon thee. Sbak.
We fee the great and fudden effe& of fmells in fetching
men again, when theyfwoon. Bacon.
The moft in yearsfwoon'd firft away for pain 5
Then, flarce recover’d, fpoke. Drydcn.
The woman finds it all a trick.
That he could fwoon when fhe was fick;
And knows that in that grief he reckon’d
On black-ey’d Sufan for his fecond. Prior.
There appeared fuch an ecftacy in his a&ion, that he feemed
ready to fwoon away in the furprize of joy. _ Tatler.
Swoon, n.f. [from the verb.] Alipothymy; a fainting fit.
To Swoop, v. a. [I fuppofe formed from the found,]
1. To fall at once as a hawk upon his prey.
A fowl in Madagafcar, called a ruck, the feathers of whofe
wings are twelve paces, can with as much eafe fwoop up an
elephant as our kites do a moufe. Wilkins.
This mould’ring piecemeal in your hands did fall.
And now at laft you came to fwoop it all. Dryden.
2. To prey upon; to catch up.
The phyfician looks with another eye on the medicinal herb
than the grazing ox, which fwoops it in with the common
grafs. Glanv. Scepf.
Swoop, n.f. [from the verb.] Fall of a bird of prey upon his
quarry.
All my pretty ones ?
Did you fay all ? What, all ? O hellkite! all!
What, all my pretty chickens and their dam.
At one fell fwoop ? Sbakef Macbeth.
The eagle fell into the fox’s quarters, and carried away a
whole litter of cubs at a fwoop. L'EJlrange.
To Swop. v. a. [Of uncertain derivation.] To change; to
exchange one thing for another. A low word.
°When I drove a thruft home, he put it by,
And cried, as inderifion, fpare the ftripling;
Oh that infulting word ! I would have fwopp’d
Youth for old age, and all my life behind.
To have been then a momentary man. Dryden's Cleomenes.
SWORD, n.f. [ypeopb, Saxon ; fweerd, Dutch.]
1. A weapon ufed either in cutting or thrufting; the ufual
weapon of fights hand to hand.
Old unhappy traitor, the fword is out
That muft deftroy thee. Sbakefp. King Lear.
Each man took hisfword, and flew all the males. Gen.
Euryalus is the only peer that is deferibed with a fword,
which he gives to Ulyffes to repair his injury. Broome.
2. Deftru&ion by war.
The fword without, and terrour within. Deut. xxxn. 25.
3. Vengeance of juftice.
4. Emblem of authority.
This I, hevfword bearer, do carry,
I* or civil deed and military. Hudibras.
Swc/rded. adj. [from fword.] Girt with a fword.
I heJworded feraphim
Arefecn in glitt’ring ranks with wings difplay’d. Milton.
Swc/rder. n.f. [from fword.] A cut-throat; a foldier. In
contempt.
A Roman fivorder and banditto flave
Murthcr’d fweetTully. Shalef. Henry VI,
S Y C
Caefar will
Unftate his happiriefs, and be ftag’d to th’fliew
Againft a fiuorder. Shakef>ea> e.
Swo'rdfish. n f A fifh with a long (harp bone ifluing from
his head.
A fwordfifh fmall him from the reft did funder,
That in his throat him pricking foftly under,
His wide abyfs him forced forth to fpew. Spooler.
Malpighi obferved the middle of the optick nerve of the
fwordfijh to be a large membrane, folded, according to its
length, in many doubles, like a fan. De> bam’s Pbfico-Theol.
Our little fleet was now engag’d fo far.
That, like thefwordfijh in the whale, they fought;
The combat only feem’d a civil war,
’Till through their bowels we our paffase wrought. Dryd.
Swo'RDGRASS. n.f. A kind of fedge ; glader. Ainfw.
Swo'rdknot. n.f [fword and knot.] Ribband tied to the
hilt of the fword.
Wigs with wigs, fiuordknots with fwordknots ftrive,
Beaus banifh beaus, and coaches coaches drive. Pope.
Swo'rdlaw. n.f Violence ; the law by which all is yielded
to the ftronger.
So violence
Proceeded, and oppreflion, and fwordlaW^
Through all the plain, and refuge none was found. Milton.
Swo'rdman, n.f. [Jword and man.] Soldier; fighting man.
Worthy fellows, and like to prove moft finewy fwordmcn. Sbak All's well that ends well.
At Lecca’s houfe.
Among vouv fwordmen, where fo many afiociates
Both of thy mifehief and thy madnefs met. Ben. Johnfon.
Effex was made lieutenant-general of the army, the darling
of the fwordmen. Clarendon.
Swo'rdplayer. n.f. [fword and play.] Gladiator; fencer;
one who exhibits in publick his fkill at the weapons by fight¬
ing prizes.
Thefe they called fwordplayers, and this fpgclacle a fwordfight. Hakewill on Providence.
Swore. The preterite of Jwear.
How foon unfay
What feign’d fubmiffion fwore. Milton'.
Sworn. The participle paffive of fwear.
What does elfe want credit, come to me,
And I’ll be fwom ’tis true; Sbakefpeare.
I am J'worn brother, fweet,
To grim neceffity; and he and I
Will keep a league’till death. Sbak. Richard II.
They that are mad againft me, arefwom againft me. Pf.
He refufed not the civil offer of a pharifee, though hisfwom
enemy; and would eat at the table of thofe who fought his
ruin. Calamy's Sermons.
To Ihelter innocence.
The nation all elefls fome patron-knight.
Sworn to be true to love, and flave to fame.
And many a valiant chief enrols his name. Granville.
Swum. Preterite and participle paffive of fwim.
Air, water, earth,
By fowl, fifh, beaft, was flown, wasfwum, was walk’d
Frequent. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
Swung. Preterite and participle paffive of fwing.
Her hand within her hair fhe wound,
Swung her to earth, and dragg’d heron the ground. Addif
Syb. adj. [Properlyfb, pb, Saxon.] Related by blood. I he
Scottifh dialed! ftill retains it.
If what my grandfire to me faid be true,
Siker I am very fyb to you. Spenfer s Paftorals.
S/C.M.W,
Sy'camgre. 3
Sycamore is our acer majus, one of the kinds of maples : it
is a quick grower. Mortimer s Husbandry.
Under the grove of fycamore
I faw your fon. Sbakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
If ye had faith as a grain of muftard-feed, ye might lay
unto this fycamine-tree, be thou plucked up, and it fhouid
obey you. Lu. xvii. 6.
I was no prophet, but an herdman, and a gatherer offyca¬
more fruit. Amos vii. 14.
Go to yonderfycamore-tree, and hide your bottle of drink
under its hollow root. Walton's Angler.
Sycamores with eglantine were fpread;
A hedge about the Tides, a covering over head. Dry ten.
SVCOPHANT. n.f. [crvxotpclvlns ; fycopbanta> Latin.] A flat¬
terer ; a parafite.
Accufingfycopbents, of all men, did beft fort to his na¬
ture; but therefore not feemingJycopbants^ becaufe of no evil
they faid, they could bring any new or doubtful thing unto
him, but fuch as already he had been apt to determine; fo as
they came but as proofs of his wifdom, fearful and more fccure, while the fear he had figured in his mind had any poffibility of event. a Sianey.
Men
S Y L S Y M
Men know themfelves void of thofe qualities which the
impudentfycophant, at the fame time, both afcribes to them,
and in his fleeve laughs at them for believing. South.
To Sy'cophant. v. n. [<rvxo(pxvVu; from the noun.] To
play the fycophant. A low bad word.
Hisfycophanting arts being detected, that game is not to be
played the fecond time; whereas a man of clear reputation,
though his barque be fplit, has fomething left towards fett,ing
tip again. Government of the Tongue.
Sycopha'ntick. adj. [fromfycophant.] Flattering; parafitical.
ToSy'cophantise. v. n. [(rvxotpavhxoz; fromJycophant.] To
play the flatterer. ' Diet.
Sylla'bical. adj. {from fyllable.] Relating to fyllables; confilling of fyllables.
Sylla'bically. adv. [fromfyllabical.] In a fyllabical manner.
Sylla'bick. adj. [fyllabique, French ; from fyliable.] Relating
to fyllables.
SYLLABLE. n.f [<ruAAa£'»i; fyllabe, French.]
1. As much of a word as is uttered by the help of one vowel, or
one articulation.
I heard
Each fyllable that breath made up between them. Shakefp.
There is that property in all letters of aptnefs to be con¬
joined in fyllables and words, through the voluble motions of
the organs from one flop or figure to another, that they mo¬
dify and diferiminate the voice without appearing to difeontinue it. Holder’s Elements of Speech.
2. Any thing proverbially concife.
Abraham, Job, and the reft that lived before anyfyllable of
the law of God was written, did they not fin as much as we
do in every aftion not commanded ? Hooker.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the lad fyllable of recorded time;
And all our yefterdays have lighted fools
The way to dufty death. Shakef. Macbeth.
He hath told fo many melancholy ftories, without one fyl¬
lable of truth, that he hath blunted the edge of my fears. Swift.
To Sy'llable. v. a. [from the noun.] To utter; to pro¬
nounce; to articulate. Not in ufe.
Airy tongues that fyllable mens names
On fands and fhores, and defart wildernefles. Milton.
Syxlabub. n.f. [Rightly Sillabub, which fee.] Milk and
acids.
Nofyllabubs made at the milking pail,
But what are compos’d of a pot of good ale. Beaumont.
Two lines would exprefs all they fay in two pages: ’tis
nothing but whiptfyllabub and froth, without any folidity.
Felton on the Claffcks.
Sy'i.labus. n.f. [<ruAAa£o?.] An abftra£t; a compendium
containing the heads of a difeourfe.
SYLLOGISM, n.f. [irvXXoyKrXoi-; fyllogifne, French.] An
argument compofed of three propofitions: as, every man thinks-,
Peter is a man, therefore Peter thinks.
Unto them a piece of rhetorick is a fufficient argument of
logick, an apologue of iEfop beyond afyllogifm in Barbara.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
What a miraculous thing fhould we count it, if the flint
andthefteel, inftead of a few fparks, fhould chance to knock
out definitions andfyllogifms ? Bentley.
Syllogi'stical. ) adj. [c-vXXoyirtxb; ; from fyllogifm.] ReSyllogi'stick. 5 taining to a fyllogifm; confifting of a
fyllogifm.
Though we fuppofe fubjedl and predicate, and copula, and
propofitions and fyllogifical connexions in their reafoning,
there is .no fuch matter; but the intire bufinefs is at the fame
moment prefent with them, without deducing one thing from
another. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
Though the terms of propofitions may be complex, yet
where the compofition of the whole argument is thus plain,
Ample, and regular, it is properly called a fimple fyllogifm,
fince the complexion does not belong to the fyllogiftick form of
it. Watts’s Logick.
Syllogi'stic ally. adv. [from fyllogifical] In the form of
a fyllogifm.
A man knows firft, and then he is able to prove fyllogijlically; fo that fyllogifm comes after knowledge, when a man
has no need of it. Locke.
To Sy'llogize.v.n. [fyllogifr, French; truXXo'yl^eiv.] To
renfon by fyllogifm.
Logick is, in efFedl, an art of fyllogizing. Baker.
Men have endeavoured to transform logick into a kind of
mechanifm, and to teach boys to fyllogizc, or frame arguments
and refute them, without real knowledge. IVatts.
Sy'lvan. adj. [Better filvan.] Woody; fhady; relating to
woods.
Cedar and pine, and fir and branching palm,
A fylvan feene ! and as the ranks afeend,
Shade above Ihade, a woody theatre
Of ft atelicit view. Milton’s Paradife Lojl,
Milton.
Pope
Eternal greens the mofly margin grace.
Watch’d by thefylvan genius of the place. Ptpe
Sy'lvan. n.f. [fylvain, French.] A wood-god, or fatyr.
When the fun begins to fling
His flaring beams, nie, goddefs, bring
To arched walks of twilight groves,
And fhadows brown, thatfylvan loves.
Of pine or monumental oak.
Her private orchards wall’d on ev’ry fide;
To lawlefsfylvans all accefs deny'd. .
SY'MBOL. n.f. [fymbole, French; <rvp£oXov; fymbolum,
Latin. ]
1. An ahftra£l; a compendium; a comprehenfive form.
Beginning with the fymbol of our faith, upon that the au¬
thor of the glofs enquires into the nature of faith. Baker.
2. A type; that which comprehends in its figure a reprefentation
of fomething elfe.
Salt, as incorruptible, was thefymbol of friendship ; which,
if it cafually fell, was accounted ominous, and their amity of
no duration. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Words are the figns andfymbols of things; and as, in ac¬
counts, ciphers and figures pafs for real fums, fo words and
names pafs for things themfelves. South’s Sermons,
The heathens made choice of thefe lights as apt fymbols of
eternity, becaufe, contrary to all fublunary beings, though
they feem to perifh every night, they renew themfelves every
morning. Addifn on ancient Medals.
Symbolical, adj. \_fymbolique, French; (rvpfioXixos; from
fymbol.] Reprefentative; typical; exprefling by figns.
By this incroachment idolatry firft crept in, men converting the fymbolical ufe of idols into their proper worfhip, and
receiving the reprefentation of things unto them as the fubftance and thing itfelf. Brown.
The facrament is a reprefentation of Chrift’s death, by fuch
fymbolical actions as himfelf appointed. Taylor.
Symbo/lica lly. adv. [from fymbolical.] Typical!v; by re¬
prefentation.
This diftin&ion of animals was hieroglyphical, in the in¬
ward fenfe implying an abftinence from certain vices, fymbelical/y intimated from the nature of thofe animals. Brown.
Itfymbolically teaches our duty, and promotes charity by a
real fignature and a fenfible fermon. Taylor.
Symboliza'tion. n.f. [fromfymbolize.] The a£t of fymbolizing ; reprefentation ; refemblance.
The hierogliphical fymbols of Scripture, excellently in¬
tended in the fpecies of things facrificed in the dreams of Pha¬
raoh, are oftentimes racked beyond their fymbolizations.
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
I o Symboli ze: v.n. [fymbolifer, French ; from fymbol.] To
have fomething in common with another by reprefentative
qualities.
Our king finding himfelf to fymbolize in many things with
that king of the Hebrews, honoured him with the title of
this foundation.
The pleafing of colourfmbelizeth with the pleafing of any
fingle tone to the ear; but the pleafing of order doth Jymbolize
With harmony. Bacon’s Natural Hi/lory
Ariftotle and the fchools have taught, that air and water
being fymbolizing elements, in the quality of moifture, are
eafily tranfmutable into one another. Boyle
They both Jymbolize in this, that they love to look upon
themfelves through multiplying glafles. Howel
I affedfedly fymbolized in carelefs mirth and freedom with
the libertines, to circumvent libertinifm. More
The foul is fuch, that it ftrangelyjymbolizes with the thing
it mightily defires. South’* Sermont.
lo Symbolize, v. a. To make reprefentative of fome¬
thing.
Somofymbolize the fame from the myftery of its colours.
Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Symmetrian. n.f [from fymmetry.] One eminently ftudious of proportion. 1
His face was a thought longer than the exaft fymmetrians
would sllow* Sidn
Symmetrical, adj. [fromfymmetry.] Proportionate; hiving
parts well adapted to each other. ®
Symme'trist. n.f [fromfymmetry.] One very ftudious or
obfervant of proportion.
Some exaftfymmetrijls have been blamed for being too true.
SYMMETRY [fintmetrle.
Adaptation of parts to each other; proportion; harmonvagreement of one part to another. * *
She by whofe lines proportion fhould be
Examin’d, meafure of allfymmetry.
Whom had that ancient feen, who thought fouls made
Of harmony, he would at next have faid
That harmony was fhe.
And in tho fymmetry of her parts is found
A pow r, like that of harmony in found.
25 2;
Dome.
Waller.
Symmetry,
I
S Y M SYN
Sfntinetry, equality, and correfpondence of parts, is the
difcelament of reafon, not the ohjedt of fenfe. More.
Nor were they only animated by him, but their meafure
andJ'ymmetry were owing to him. Dr)den.
SyMPathe/ i ical. \ttdj. [ fympathetd.que^ Ft. from fympatby. J
SympathETlCK. f Having mutual fcnfationfc being affe&ed
either, by what happens to the other ; feeling in confequence of
what another feels.
Hereupon are grounded the grofs mi(takes, in the cure of
dileafes, not only from the laft medicine and Jympathetick re¬
ceipts, but amulets, charms, and all incantatory applications;
Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
United by thisfymjdthetick bond,
You grow familiar, intimate, and fond. Refcommon.
To confer at the diltaftce of the Indies byfinpaihetick con¬
veyances, may be as ufual to future times as to us in a literary
correfpondence. C lanv. Scepf.
To you our author makes her foft requeff,
Who fpeak the kindeft, and who write the beft:
YourJympsthetlcn' hearts fhe hopes to move,
From tendef iriendfhip and endearing love. Prior.
All the ideas of fallible qualities are not inherent in the in¬
animate bodies; but are the effects of their motion upon our
nerves, and jympatbetical and vital paffions produced within
ourfelves. Bentley.
Sympathetically, adv. [from fympatbetick.'] With fympathy ; in confequence of fympathy.
To Sy'mpa r HizE. v. n. [jympat'fer) French; from fympathy.J
To feel with another ; to feel in confequence of what ano¬
ther feels; to feel mutually.
The men fympatbize with the maftiffs in robuftious and
rough coming on. Shakejpeare.
The thing of courage.
As rouz d with rage, with rage doth fympatbize. Sbakefp.
Nature, in awe to him,
Had doff’d her gaudy trim,
With her great mafter fo tofmpathize. Milton.
Green is a pleafing colour, from a blue and a yellow mixed
together, and by confequence blue and yellow are two colours
which fympatbize. ' Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
The limbs of his body is to every one a part of himfelf:
hefympatbizesy and is concerned for them. Locke,
Their countrymen were particularly attentive to all their
ftory, and fympathized with their heroes in all their adven¬
tures. Addijon’s Spectator.
Though the greatnefs of their mind exempts them from
fear, yet none condole andfympatbize more heartily than they*
Collier on Kindnefs.
SY'MPATHY. n.f [fympathie^ French; <r'jpzrri$£tx,.~] Fel¬
lowfeeling; mutual fenfihilityj the qualify of being affe&ed
by the affedtion of another.
A world of earthly bleffings to my foul,
Iffympathy of love unite our thoughts. Sbakefp. H. VI.
You are not young; no more am I: go to, then, there’s
fympathy : you are merry, fo am I; ha! ha! then there’s
more fympathy : you love lack, and fo do I; would you defire
betterfympathy ? Shakejp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
But what it is.
The adtion of my life is like it, which I’ll keep,
If but for fympatby. Shake/. Cymleline.
If there was a fympathy in choice,
War, death, or frcknels did lay fiege to it. Shakcfpeare.
I ftarted back;
It ftarted back: but pleas’d I foon return’d;
Pleas’d it return’d as loon, with anfwering looks
Of fympathy and love. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
They faw, but other fight inftead, a crowd
Of ugly ferpents: horror on them fell.
And horridfympathy. Milton.
Orfympathy, or fome connat’ral force,
Pow’rful at greateft diftance to unite.
With fecret amity, things of like kind,
By fecreteft conveyance. Milt. Paradife Lojl.
There never was any heart truly great and generous, that
Was not alfo tender and compaflionate : it is this noble quality
that makes all men to be of one kind ; for every man would
be a diftindt fpecies to himfelf, were there no fympatby among
individuals. South’s Sermons.
Can kindnefs to defert, ltkeyour’s, be ftrange?
Kindnefs by fecretfympathy is ty’d ;
For noble fouls in nature are ally’d. Dryden.
I here are fuch allociations made in the minds of moft men,
and to this might be attributed moft of the fympathiei and an¬
tipathies obfervable in them. I.ocke.
Sympho nious. adj. [from fyniphonyA Harmonious; agree¬
ing in found.
^ Up he rode,
Follow’d with acclamation and the found
Symphonious of ten thoufand harps, that tun’d
Angelick harmonies. Milton,
SY'MPHONY. n.f. [fymphonie, French ; cov and Con¬
cert of inftruments; harmony of mingled founds.
A learned fearcher from Pythagoras’s fchool, where it was a
maxim that the images of all things are latent in numbers, de¬
termines the comelieft proportion between breadths and
heights, reducing lymmetry tojympbonyt and the harmony of
found to a kind of harmony in light. Watton.
Speak ye who beft can tell, ye Tons of light,
Angels! tor ye behold him, and with fongs
And choral fymphoniess day without night.
Circle his throne rejoicing. " Milton's Par. Lqf.
The trumpets found.
And warlikeJympbony is heard around ;
The marching troops through Athens take their way;
The great earl-marftial orders their array. Dryden.
Sy'MPHysis. n.J. [<ruv and Cpvu.]
Symphyfs, in its original fignification, denotes a connafcency, or growing together; and perhaps is meant of thofe
bones which in young children are diftindt, but after fome
years unite and confolidate into one bone. Wifeman.
Sympg'siack. adj. [ fympojiaque, French; c-ujurj-ofriaxo?.] Re¬
lating to merry makings; happening where company is drink¬
ing together.
By defiring a fecrecy to words fpoke under the rofe, we
only mean in fociety and compotation, from the ancient cuftom of fympofack meetings to wear chaplets of rofes about
their heads. Brown’s Vulgar Errcurs.
In fome of thofe fympcfaek deputations amongft my ac¬
quaintance, I affirmed that the dietetick part of medicine de¬
pended upon feientiftek principles. Arbutbnot.
SY'MPTOM. n.f. [Jymptome, French ; <sCynrlooy.ee. ]
1. Something that happens concurrently with fomething elfe,
not as the original^aufe, nor as the neceffary or conftant
effedt.
2. Align; a token.
Ten glorious campaigns are paiTed, and now, like the lick
calionally.
Symftcmatical is often ufed to denote the difference between
the primary and fecondary caufes in dileafes; as a fever from
pain is faid to be fymptcmatical, becaufe it arifes from pain
only; and therefore the ordinary means in fevers are not in
fuch cafes to be had recourfe to, but to what will remove the
pain; for when that ceafes, the fever will ceafe, without any
diredt means taken for that. Quincy.
By fomentation and a cataplafm the fwelling was difeuffed ;
and the fever, then appearing butfymptomaticaf leffened as the
heat and pain mitigated. Wifman's Surgery.
SympTOMa'ticALLY. adv. [from fymptomatical.] In the na¬
ture of a fymptom.
The caufes of a bubo are vicious humours abounding in
the blood, or in the nerves, excreted fometimes critically,
fometimesfymptomatically. Wifeman.
Synago'gical. adj. [fromfynagogue.] Pertaining to a fynagogue.
SY'NAGOGUE. n.f. [fynagogue,, French; e-vvcc'yuyf] An
affembly of the Jews to worthip.
Go, Tubal, and meet me at ourfnagague. Sbakefp.
As his cuftcm was, he went into the fynagogue on the labbat11* , v Go/pel.
Synale'pha. n.f. [ <rvva,\ci(pri. ] A contraction or excifton of a fyllable in a Latin verfe, by joining together two
vowels in the fcanning or cutting off the ending vowel; as
ill ego. ' Bailey.
Virgil, though fmcoth, is far from affecting it: ho fre¬
quently ufesfyr.alcpba's, and concludes his fenfe in the middle
, of his verfe. ^ ^ ^ Dryden.
Sv n ar 1 h r o sis. ii f [g"’jv and A clofe conjunction
of two bones.
There is a confpicuous motion where the conjunction is
called, diarthrofts, as in the elbow ; an obfeure one, where the
conjunction is called fynartkrefs, as' in the joining of the car¬
pus to the metacarpus. IVijemail s Surgery.
Synchondro'sis n.f. fcruv and
Synchondrsfs is an union by griftles of the fternon to the
r*bs. ^ Wifeman.
Synchro nical. adj. [<ru and Happening together
at the fame time.
It is difficult to make out how the air is conveyed into the
left ventricle of the heart, the fyftole and diaftcle of the heart
and lungs being far ftoaifnchronkal. Boyle.
Synchronism, n.f. [ <nA and j Concurrence of
events happening at the fame time.
The coherence and fynebronifm of all the parts of the Mofaical chronology, after the Flood, bears a molt regular teftimony to the truth of his hiftory. * Hale.
Synchronous, adj. [ouu and xgCv@j.] Happening at the
fame time.
1 he
4
S Y N
The variations of the gravity of the air keep both the folids
and fluids in an ofcillatory motion, Jynchrunous and proportional
to their changes. Arbutknot on Air.
•SyVcope. n.f. [fyncope, French 5 cVyxoW.]
1. Fainting fit.
The fymptoms attending gunfhot wounds ate pain, feYcr,
delirium, and jyn.ope. WifcrUan.
2. Contraction of a word by cutting off part.
S-Tncopist. n.f [fromJyvcope.] Contractor of words.
To outfhine all the modernf->ic&pi/ii, and thoroughly con¬
tent my Englifh readers, I intend to publifh a Spectator that
fhall not have a tingle vowel in it. ‘ Spectator.
To Syndicate, v. n. [fyndquer, French; '<rev and <hxii.]
I o judge; to pafs judgement on ; to Cenfure. An unufual
word.
Ariftotle undertook to cenfure and fyndicate his matter and
all law makers before him. Hakswill on Providence.
Sy'ndrome. k.J. (_<ruv<Joo^xV).J Concurrent action; concur¬
rence.
All things being linked together by an uninterrupted chain
of caufes, every Angle motion owns a dependance on fuch a
fyndrotne of prerequired motors. Glanvilie’s Sccpf
SYNE'CDOCHE. n.f [fyneedocke, French; fl-wsxd'ox??.] A
figure by which part is taken for the whole, or the whole for
part.
Becaufe they are inftruments of grace in the hand of God,
and by thefe his holy fpirit changes our hearts ; therefore the
whole work is attributed to them by a jynecdoche ; that is, they
do in this manner the work for which God ordained them.
Taylor’s Worthy Communicant.
•Synecdo CHICAL. adj. [from Jynecdoche.] Exprefied by a fynecdoche ; implying a fynecdoche.
Should I, Lindamer, bring you into ihofpitals, and fhew
you there how many louls, narrowly lodged in fynecdocbical
bodies, fee their earthen cottages moulder away to dutt, thofe
miferable perfons, by the lofs of one limb after another, furviving but part of themfelves, and living to fee themfelves
dead and buried by piecemeal ? Boyle’s Seraphick Love.
Synneuro'sis. n.J. [<rGt/ and vfu^ov.j
Synneurofis is when the connexion is made by a ligament.
Of this in fymphyfis we And inftances, in the connexion of the
ofla pubis together, efpecially in women, by a ligamentous
fubftance. In articulations it is either round, as that which
unites the head of the os femoris to the coxa; or broad, as
the tendon of the patella, which unites it to the os tibiae.
WiJernans Surgery.
SY'NOD. n.f [fynode, French ;
x. An affembly, particularly of eccleAafticks. A provincial
fynod is commonly ufed, and a general council.
The glorious gods At irt hourlyfynod about thy particular
profperity. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Since the mortal and inteftinejars
’Twixt thy feditious countrymen and us,
It hath in folemn fynod been decreed,
T’ admit no traffick to our adverfe towns. Shakefpeare.
The opinion was not only condemned by the fynod, but im¬
puted to the emperor as extreme madnefs. Bacon.
Flea-bitten fynod, an affembly brew’d
Of clerks and elders ana, like the rude
Chaos of prcfbyt’ry, where laymen guide
With the tame woolpack clergy by their Ade. Cleavcland.
Well have ye judg’d, well ended long debate,
Synod of gods ! and, like to what ye are,
Great things refolv’d. Milton's Paradtje Lofh
Let us call tofynod all the blett,
Through heav’n’s Wide bounds. Milton.
Tnefecond council of Nice he faith I moft irreverently call
that wife fynod; upon which he falls into a very tragical ex¬
clamation, that I Ihould dare to refied fo much difhonour on
a council. Stillingfeet.
Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove !
And you brightfynod of the pov/’rs above,
On this my fon your gracious gifts bellow. Dryden.
2. Conjunction of the heavenly bodies.
Howe’er love’s native hours are fet.
Whatever ftarryfynod met,
’Tis in the mercy of her eye.
If poor love fhall live or die; Crafbaw.
Their planetary motions and afpeCts
Of noxious efficacy; and when to join
Infynod unbeni^n. Milton.
As the planets and liars have, according to aftrologers, in
their great Jynods, or conjunctions, much more powerful in¬
fluences on the air than are aferibed to one or two of them out
of that afpeCt; fo divers particulars, which, whilft they lay
fcattered among the Writings of feveral authors, were inconflderable, when they come to be laid together, may of¬
tentimes prove highly ufeful to phyflology in their conjunc¬
tions. Boyle.
SYR
il. I adj. [Jynodique, French; from fynod.]
*-• J
Sy'nodal.
Syno'dical.
Syno'dick. _
1. Relating ro a fynod ; tranfaded in a fynod.
St. Athanaflus writes a Jynodical epiftle to thofe of Antioch
to compofe the differences among them upon the ordination
of Paulinus. Stillingfieet.
2. [Synodique, French.] Reckoned from one conjunction with
the fun to another.
The diurnal and annual revolutions of the fun, to us are
the meafures of day and year; and thefynodick revolution of
the moon meafures the month. Holder.
The moon makes itsJynodical motion about the earth in
twenty-nine days twelve hours and about forty-four minutes.
Locke’s FAements of Natural Philofophy.
'Syno'dically. adv. [fromJynodical.] By the authority of a
fynod or publick affembly.
It lhall be needful for thofz churchesfynodically to determine
fomething in thofe points. SaUnderfon.
Svnonyma. n.f. [Latin; auvuvi/xo;.] Names which lwnify
the fame thing.
To Syno'nomise. v. a. [fromfynonyma.] To exprefs the fame
thing in different words.
I his word fortis vve mayJymnymife after all thefe falhions,
ffout, hardy, valiant, doughty, couragious, adventurous, brave,
bold, daring, intrepid. Camden's Remains.
Synonymous, adj. [Jynonyme, Fr. oWi/u/Mf.] Expreffing the
fame thing by different words.
I hefe words conAft of two propoAtions which are not diftind in fenfe, hut one and the fame thing varioufly expreffed ;
for wifdom and underftaiuiingarefynonymsus words here. Tillot.
Fortune is but a fynonymous word for nature and neceffity.
^ Bentley’s Sermons.
When two or more words fignify the fiime thing, as wave
and billow, mead and meadow, they are ufually called fynenymous words. Watts's Logick.
bYNONYMY. n.J. [<ruv«i>u^i*.J The quality of expreffino- by
different words the fame thing. 0 1
SYNOPSIS, n.f [ruvofaj A general view; all the parts
brought under one view. r
Synoptical, adj. [fromfynopfs.] Affording a view ofmany
parts at once. 1
We have collefled fo many fanatical tables, calculated
for his monthly ufe. EvCym’s Kalmhr.
oyn^i a ctical. adj. [fromfyntaxis, Latin.j
1. Conjoined; fitted to each other.
2. Relating to the conftrudion offpeech.
Sy'ntax. I r _ , y _
Synta'xis. \ n-J'
1. Afyffem; a number of things joined together.
They owe no other dependance tp the ffrft than what is
common to the whole fyntax of beings. Glanviile.
2. That part of Grammar which teaches the conftru&ipn of
words.
I can produce a hundred inftances to convince any reafonable man that they do not fo much as underftand common
Orammar andfyntax. Swift
S YNTHE'srs. n.f [ (n/vfffo-K.l The ad ofjoining, oppofed7to
analyfis.
Jhefynthefis conAffs in affuming the caufes difeovered and
eltab]lined as principles, and by them explaining the phsenoinena proceeding from them, and proving the explanations.
e„- , , Newton’s Oplicks.
f ,E riCK- afj' a'vuS’frixo?.] Conjoining ; compounding;
iorming compofition. 6
Synthetick method is that which begins with the parts, and
leads onward to the knowledge of the whole; it begins with
the moil iimple principles and general truths, and proceeds bv
degrees to that which is drawn from them or compounded of
them; and therefore it is called the method of compofition.
Sy'phon. n.f [This fhould be written fiphon; <rl<puv ] A
tube; a pipe. 1
Take your glafs, fyphon, or crane, and draw it off from
its Jalt fasces into fmall bottles. Marti
SYisRf uffted^ A P‘pe throuSh whlch any liquor
The heart feems not deAgned to be the fountain or confervatory of the vital flame, but as a machine to receive the blood
from the veins and force it out by the arteries through the
whole body as * fringe doth arly liquor, though not by the
fame artifice. D
To Sy'ringe. v. a. [from the noun.J *' *
1. To fpout by a fyringe.
A flux of blood from the nofe, mouth, and eye was llopt hv
a. :fy°sre- »?”*'*&
J -n-^rpraaice
SrRT/S.
6
Milton.
SYS
SY'RTIS. n.f. [Latin.] Aquickfand; a bog.
A boggyJyrtis, neither fea, nor good dry land.
SY'STEM. n.f. [fyjleme, Fr. <rvrr\f*a-] _
1. Any complexure or combination of many things acting toge2. A fcheme which reduces many things to regular dependence
or co-operation.
3. A fcheme which unites many things in order. .
Ariftotic brings morality intofyjim, by treating of happinefs
under heads, and ranges it in claffes according to its different
objects, diftinguifhing virtues into their feveral kinds which
had not been handled fyftematically before. Baker.
The belt way to learn any fcience is to begin with a regu¬
lar fyftem, or a fhort and plain fcheme of that fcience well
drawn up into a narrow compafs. v Watts.
Systematical, adj. [ fyflematique, Fr. wnpoiTiw ; from
fyftem.] Methodical; written or formed with regular fubordination of one part to another.
It will be neceffary, in a difeourfe about the formation of
SYS
the world, to give you a brief account of fome of the moft
principal and fyjlematical phenomena that occur in it. Bentley.
Now we deal much in effays, and unreafonably defpife
fyjlematical learning; whereas our fathers had a juft value for
regularity and fyftems. Watts.
Systematically, adv. [fromfyjlematical.] In form of a
fyftem. / '
I treat of the ufefulnefs of writing books of effay, in com¬
panion of that of writing fyftematically. _ Boyle.
Ariftotle brings morality into fyftem, and ranges it into
claffes according to its different obje&s, diftinguifhing virtues
into their feveral kinds, which had not been handled fyjlema¬
tically before. ^ Baker.
Sy'stole. n.f. [fyjlolei Fr. truroXn.]
1. [In anatomy.] The contraftion of the heart. _
The fyjlole refembles the forcible bending of a fpring, and
the diaftole its flying out again to its natural fite. Ray.
2. [Syjlole, French.] In Grammar, the fhortemng of a long fyllable.
11
4
T-
Tab
T.
I,
TAB
r ^ ^ COn^onant> which, at the beginning and end
of words, has always the fame found nearly
approaching to the d; but before an when
followed by a vowel, has the found of an obfcure s: as, nation, falvation, except wheny'
precedes t: as, Chriftian, quejiron.
TaBby. n.f. [tabi, tabino, Italian; tabis, French.] A kind
of waved filk.
Brocades, and tables, and gaufes. Swift.
TaBby. adj. Blinded; brindled; varied with diffeient co¬
lours.
A tabby cat fat in the chimney-corner. Addifon.
On her tabby rival’s face,
She deep will mark her new difgrace. Prior.
Tabefa'ction. n.J. [tabefacio, Latin.] The adft of wafting
away.
To 1 a'befy. v. n. [tabefacio, Latin.] To wade; to be ex¬
tenuated by difeafe. In the following example it is impro¬
perly a verb active.
Meat eaten in greater quantity than is convenient tabefies
the body. Harvey on Confumptions.
Ta'bard. £«. f. [taberda, Jow Latin ; tabard, Fr.j Along
Ta'berd. j gown; a herald’s coat.
TaBerder. n.f. [from taberd.] One who wears a long
gown.
Tabernacle, n. f. [tabernacle, Fr. tabernaculum, Lat.J
1. A temporary habitation; a cafual dwelling.
They fudden rear’d
Cceleftial tabernacles, where they flept
Fann’d with cool winds. Milton's Par. Lojl, b.v.
2. A facred place ; a place of worfhip.
The greateft conqueror did not only compofe his divine
odes, but fet them to muftck : his works, though confecrated
, the tabernacle, became the national entertainment, as well
as the devotion of his people. Addifon s Sped. N°. 405.
T o TaBernacle. v. n. [from the noun.] To enfhrine; to
houfe.
The word was made flefh, and tabernacled amongft us,
and we beheld his glory. John i. 14.
TA'BID. adj. [tabide, Fr.tabidus, Lat.] Wafted by difeafe ;
confumptive.
Ih tabid perfons milk is the beft leftorative, being chyle
already prepared. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
TaBidness. n.f. [from tabid.'] Confumptivenels ; ftate of be¬
ing wafted by difeafe.
TaBlature. n.J. [from table.] Painting on walls or ceilings.
TA'BLE. n.f. [fable, Fr. tabula, Latin.]
1. Any flat or level furface.
Upon the caftle hill there is a bagnio paved with fair tables
of marble. Sandys.
2. A horizontal furface raifed above the ground, ufed for meals
and other purpofes.
We may again
Give to our tables meat, fleep to our nights. Shakejpcare.
Help to fearch my houfe; if I find not what I feek, let
Hie for ever be your table fport. Shakefpeare.
Children at a table never afked for any thing, but contentedly took what was given them. Locke on Education.
This fhuts them out from all table converfation, and the
moft agreeable intercourfes. Addijon’s Spectator
.. Nor hath the fruit in it any core or kernel; and differing
from other apples, yet is a good table fruit. Mortimer.
The nymph the table fpread,
Ambrofial cates, with nedfar, rofy red. Pope.
3. T he perfons fitting at table, or partaking of entertainment.
Give me fome wine, fill full,
I drink to th’ general joy of the whole table. Shakefpeare.
4. T he fare or entcrtainm’ent itfclf: as, he keeps a good table.
5. A tablet;'a furface on which any thing is written or en¬
graved.
Flc was the writer of them in the tables of their hearts.
Hooker, b. iii.
’i was pretty, though a plague,
To fee him every hour; to fit and draw
His arched brows, his hawking eye, his curls,
In our hearts table. Shakefpeare,
All thefe true notes of immortality
In our heart’s table we fhall written find. Davies.
I prepar’d to pay in verfes rude
A moft detefted adt of gratitude :
Ev n this had been your elegy which now
Is offer d for your health, the table of my vow. Drydt-n.
There are books extant which the atheift muff: allow of as
proper evidence ; even the mighty volumes of vifible nature,
and the everlafting tables of right reafon; wherein if they do
not wilfully fhut their eyes, they may read their own folly
written by the finger of (jod in a much plainer and more
terrible fentence, than Belfhazzar’s was by the hand upon
the wall. Bentley s Sermons.
Among the Romans, the judge or praetor granted adminiftration, not only according to thd tables of the teftament,
but even contrary to thofe tables. Ayliffes Parergon.
hy the twelve tables, only thofe were called into fuccelhon
of their parents that were in the parent’s power. Aylife.
6. [Tableau, hr.] A picture, or any thing that exhibits a view
of any thing.
[I never lov’d myfelf.
Till now, infixed, I beheld myfelf
Drawn in the flatt’ring table of her eye. Shakefpeare;
His Jalyfus or Bacchus he fo efteemed, that he had rather
Iofe all his father’s images than that table. Peacham.
Saint Anthony has a table that hangs up to him from a
poor peafant, who fancied the faint had faved his neck. Addif.
7. An index ; a colle&ion of heads ; a catalogue ; a fyllabus.
It might feem impertinent to have added a table to a book
of fo final 1 a volume, and which feems to be itfelf but a ta¬
ble: but it may prove advantagious at once to learn the whole
culture of any plant. Evelyn’s Kalender.
Their learning reaches no farther than the tables of contents. JVatUt
b. A fynopfls ; many particulars brought into one view.
I have no images of anceftors,
Wanting an ear, or nofe; no forged tables
Of long defcentsK to boaft falfe honours from. B. Johnfon.
9. The palm of the hand.
Miftrefs of a fairer table
Hath not hiftoiy nor fable. Benj. Johnfon.
10. Draughts ; lrnall pieces of wood fhifted on fquares.
Monfieur the nice.
When he plays at tables, chides the dice. Shakefpeare.
We are in the world like men playing at tables ; the chance
is not in our power, but to play it, is ; and when it is fallen
we muff: manage it as we can. Taylor.
11. To turn the 1 ables. To change the condition or fortune
of two contending parties : a metaphor taken from the viciffitude of fortune at gaming tables.
They that are honeft would be arrant knaves if the tables
were turned. L’EJirange.
If it be thus, the tables would be turned upon me; but I
fhould only fail in rny vain attempt. Dryden.
To TaBle. v. n. [from the noun.] To board ; to live at the
table of another.
He loft his kingdom, was driven from the fociety of men
to table with the beafts, and to graze with oxen. ^ South
\ ou will have no notion of delicacies if you table with
them ; they are all for rank and foul feeding. Felton.
T o TaBle. v. a. To make into a catalogue ; to fet down.*
I could have looked on him without admiration, thotwh
the catalogue of his endowments had been tabled bv his fide,
and I to perufe him by items. Shabefieare's Cvnbeline.
TablebeisR. n.f. [table and beer.] Beer ufed at viftuals;
fmall beer.
Ta blEBOOK, n.f. [table and book.] A book on which any
thing is graved or written without ink.
Tf T What might you think,
If J had play’d the defk or table-book. Shakefp. Hamlet.
26 A . Nature
TAG
Nature wipes clean the table-book firft, and then pourtrays
upon it what fire pleafcth. More's Antidote againjl Athcifm.
Put into your table-book whatfoever you judge worthy. Dry.
Nature’s fair table-book, our tender fouls,
We fcrawl all o’er with old and empty rules,
Stale memorandums of the fchools. Swift s Mlfeel.
Ta'blecloth. n.f [table and cloth.] Linen fpread on a table.
I will end with Odo holding mafter do&or’s mule, and
Anne with her tablecloth. Camden s Remains.
Ta'bleman. n.f. A man at draughts.
In clericals the keys are lined, and in colleges they ufe to
line the tablemen. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
Ta'bler. n.f [from table.] One who boards. Ainf.
Ta'bletalk. n.f. [table and talk.] Convention at meals
or entertainments; table diicourfe.
Let me praife you while I have a ftomach.
_No, let it ferve for tabletalk. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
His fate makes tabletalk, divulg’d with fcorn,
And he a jeft into his grave is born. Dryden's Juvenal.
He improves by the tabletalk, and repeats in the kitchen
what he learns in the parlour. Guardian, N°. 165.
No fair adverfary would urge loofe table-talk in controverfy,
and build ferious inferences upon what was fpoken but in
jeft. Atterbury.
Ta'blet. n.f. [from table.]
1. A fmall level furface.
2. A medicine in a fquare form.
It hath been anciently in ufe to wear tablets of arfenick,
or prefervatives, againft the plague ; as they draw the venom
to them from the lpirits. Bacon.
3. A furface written on or painted.
It was by the authority of Alexander, that through all
Greece the young gentlemen learned, before all other things,
to defign upon tablets of boxen wood. Dryden.
The pillar’d marble, and the tablet brafs,
Mould’ring, drop the victor’s praife. Prior.
TA'BOUR. n.f [tabourin, tabour, old French.] A fmall
drum; a drum beaten with one ftick to accompany a pipe.
If you did but hear the pedlar at door, you would never
dance again after a tabour and pipe. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
The Ihepherd knows not thunder from a tabour,
More than I know the found of Marcius’ tongue
From every meaner man. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Morrice-dancers danced a maid marian, and a tabour and
pipe. Temple.
To Ta'bour. v.n. [taborer, old French, from the noun.] To
ftrike lightly and frequently.
And her maids fhall lead her as with the voice of doves,
tabouring upon their breafts. Nah. ii. 7.
Ta'bourer. n.f [from tabour.] One who beats the tabour.
Would I could fee this tabourer. * Shakefpeare.
Ta'bouret. n. f. [from tabour.] A fmall drum or tabour.
They fhall depart the manor before him with trumpets,
tabourets, and other minftrelfey. Speftat. N°. 607.
TA'BOURINE. n.f. [French.] A tabour; a fmall drum.
Trumpeters,
With brazen din blaft you the city’s ear,
Make mingle with our rattling tabourineSy
That heav’n and earth may ftrike their founds together.
Applauding our approach. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
Ta'brere. n.f. Tabourer. Obfolete.
I faw a fhole of fhepherds outgo.
Before them yode a lufty tabrere.
That to the merry hornpipe plaid.
Whereto they danced. Spenfer's Pajlorals.
Ta'bret. n.f. A tabour.
Wherefore didft thou fteal away, that I might have fent
thee away with mirth and with tabret. Gen. xxxi. 27*
Ta'bular. n.f. [tabularis, Lat.]
1. Set down in the form of tables or fynopfes.
2. Formed in fquares ; made into laminae.
All the nodules that confift of one uniform fubftance were
formed from a point, as the crufted ones, nay, and moft of
the fpotted ones, and indeed all whatever, except thofe that
are tabular and plated. Woodward on Foffls.
To Tabulate, v.a. [tabula, Lat.] To reduce to tables or
fynopfes.
Tabulated, 6dj. [tabula, Lat.] Having a flat furface.
Many of the beft diamonds are pointed with lix angles,
and fome tabulated or plain, and fquare. Grew s Mufasum.
Ta'che. n. f. [fromtack.] Any thing taken hold of; a catch;
a loop ; a button.
Make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains together
with the taches. Exod. xxv. 6.
Ta'chygraphy. n. f. [rocyC; and ypohpu.] The art or prac¬
tice of quick writing.
Ta'cit. n.f. [tacite, Fr. tacitus} Latin.] Silent; implied;
not exprefled by words.
As there are formal and written leagues refpe&ive to cer¬
tain enemies, fo is there a natural and tacit confederation
amongft all men, againft the common enemy of human fociety, pirates.' Bacons holy War.
TAG
In elective governments there is a tacit covenant, that the
king of their own making (hall make his makers princes.
° L'EJlrange.
Captioufnefs not only produces mifbecoming expre.flions
and carriage, but is a tacit reproach of fome incivility. Locke.
Ta'citly. adv. [from tacit.] Silently; without oral expreffion.
While they are expofing another’s weakneftes, they are
tacitly aiming at their own commendations. Addifon.
Indulgence to the vices of men can never be tacitly implied,
fince they are plainly forbidden in feripture. Rogers's Serm.
Taciturnity, n.f. [taciturnite, French; taciturnitas, Lat.]
Habitual filence.
The fecreteft of natures
Have not more gift in taciturnity. Shakefpeare.
Some women have fome taciturnity,
Some nunneries fome grains of chaftity. Donne.
Too great loquacity, and too great taciturnity by fits. Arb.
To Tack. v. a. [tacher. Breton.]
1. To fallen to any thing.
Of what fupreme almighty pow’r
Is thy great arm, which lpans the Eaft and Well,
And tacks the centre to the fphere. ^ Herbert.
True freedom you have well defin’d : 3
But living as you lift, and to your mind, r
And loofely tack’d, all muft be left behind. Dryden. 3
The fymmetry of cloaths fancy appropriates to the wearer,
tacking them to the body as if they belonged to it. Grew.
Frame with flicks driven into the ground, fo as to be co¬
vered with the hair-cloth, or a blanket tacked about the edges.
Mortimer's Hufbandry.
If a corner of a hanging wants a nail to fallen it, tack it
up. Swifh
2. To join ; to unite ; to Hitch together.
There’s but a Ihirt and an half in all my company; and
the half Ihirt is two napkins tack'd together, and thrown over
the fhoulders like a herald’s coat without fleeves. Shakefp.
I tack'd two plays together for the pleafure of variety.
Dryden.
They ferve every turn that lhall be demanded, in hopes of
getting fome commendam tacked to their fees, to the great
difeouragement of the inferior clergy. -Swift.
To Tack. v. n. [probably from tackle.] To turn a fhip.
This verferiam they conftrue to be the compafs, which is
better interpreted the rope that turns the Ihip; as we fay,
makes it tack about. Brown's Vulgar Errourf, b. ii.
Seeing Holland fall into clofer meafures with us and Swe¬
den, upon the triple alliance, they have tacked fome points
nearer France. Temple.
On either fide they nimbly tacky
Both ftrive to intercept and guide the wind; Dryden.
They give me figns
To tack about, and fteer another way. Addifon.
Tack. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A fmall nail.
2. The adt of turning Ihips at fea.
At each tack our little fleet grows lefs,
And, like maim’d fowl, fwim lagging on the main. Dryd.
3. To hold Tack. To laft; to hold out. Tack is Hill re¬
tained in Scotland, and denotes hold or perfevering cohefion.
Martilmas beefe doth bear good tacke.
When countrey folke do dainties lacke. Tujfer.
If this twig be made of wood
That will hold tacky I’ll make the fur
Fly ’bout the ears of that old cur. Hudibrasf p. i.
Ta'ckle. n.f. \tacely Welfh, an arrow.]
1. An arrow.
The takil fmote and in it went. Chaucer.
2. Weapons; inftruments of adlion.
She to her tackle fell.
And on the knight let fall a peal
Of blows fo fierce, and prefs’d fo home,
That he retir’d. HudibraSy p. i.
Being at work without catching any thing, he refolved to
take up his tackle and be gone. L'EJlrange's Fables.
3. \Taeckely a rope, Dutch.] The ropes of a fhip.
After at fea a tall fhip did appear,
Made all of Heben and white ivory.
The fails of gold, of filk the tackle were.
Mild was the wind, calm feem’d the fea to be. Spcnfcr.
At the helm
A feeming mermaid fleers; the filken tackles
Swell with the touches of thofe flower-foft hands
That yarely frame the office. eJPeare'
Thou haft a grim appearance, and thy face
Bears a command in’t; though thy tackle s torn.
Thou Ihew'ft a noble veflel. Shahjp. Cmdmta.
A (lately fhip
With all her bravery on, and tackle trim,
Sails fill’d, and dreamers waving.
Courted bv all the winds that hold them play. Milton.
J Lre
T A I
Ere yet the tempeft roars
Stand to your tackle, mates, and ftretch your oars. Dryden.
It he drew the figure of a lliip, there was not a rope
among the tackle that efcaped him. Addifon's Spectator.
Ta'ckud. adj. [from tackle.] Made of ropes tacked together.
My man fhall
^rino- thee cords, made like a tackled flair,
Which to the high top-gallant of my joy
Muft be my convoy in the fecret night. Sbakefpeare.
Ta'ckling. n.f. [from tackle.]
1. Furniture of the mafl.
They wondered at their (hips and their tacklings. Abbot.
Tackling, as fails and cordage, muft be forefeen, and laid
up in (lore. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
Red fheets of lightning o’er the feas are fpread,
Our tackling yield, and wrecks at laft fucceed. Garth.
2. Inftruments of aCtion : as, fifhing tackling, kitchen tackling.
I will furnifh him with a rod, if you will furnifh him with
the reft of the tackling, and make him a fifhen IVEton.
Ta'ctica\..ladj. [raalntoj, Tarrw 5 tadiique, Fr.] Relating
Ta'ctick. 3 to the art of ranging a battle.
Tac'ticks. n.f. [ranlntu'.] The art of ranging men in the
field of battle.
When Tully had read the tadlicks, he was thinking on the
bar, which was his field of battle. Dryden.
Ta'ctile. adj. [tactile, Fr. tadlilis, tadium, Lat.] Sufceptible
of touch.
We have iron, foundsj light, figuration, tadlile qualities ;
fome of a more aCtive, fome of a more paflive nature. Hale.
Tacti'lity. n.f. [from tadlile.] Perceptibility by the touch.
Ta'ction. n.f. [tatlion, Fr. tadlio, Lat.] The a£t of touching.
Ta'dpole. n.f. [rah, toad, and pola, a young one, Saxon.]
A young fhapelefs frog or toad, confifting only of a body
and a tail; a porwiggle.
I’ll broach the tadpole on my rapier’s point. Sbakefpeare.
Poor Tom eats the toad and the tadpole. Sbakefpeare.
The refult is not a perfect frog but a tadpole, without any
feet, and having a long tail to fwim with. Ray.
A black and round fubftance began to dilate, and after
awhile the head, the eyes, the tail to be difcernable, and at
laft become what the ancients called gyrinus, we a porwigle
or tadpole. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
Ta’en, the poetical contraction of taken.
Ta'ffeta. n.f. [taffetas, Fr. taffetar, Spanifh.] A thin filk.
All hail, the richeft beauties on the earth !
—Beauties no richer than rich taffata. Sbakefpeare.
Never will I truft to fpeeches penn’d ;
Taffata phrafes, ftlken terms precife,
Three pil’d hyperboles. Shakefp. Love's Labour lojl.
Some think that a confiderable diverfity of colours argues
an equal diverfity of nature, but I am not of their mind for
not to mention the changeable taffetyy whofe colours the philofophers call not real, but apparent. Boyle on Colours.
Tag. n.f [tagy Iflandifh, the point of a lance.]
1. A point of metal put to the end of a firing.
2. Any thing paltry and mean.
If tag and rag be admitted, learned and- unlearned, it is
the fault of fome, not of the law. IVhitgift.
Will you hence
Before the tag return, whofe rage doth rend
Like interrupted waters. Sbakefpeare's Coriolanus.
The tag-rag people did not clap him and hifs him. Shak.
He invited tag, rag, and bob-tail, to the wedding. L'EJlr.
Ta'gtail. n.f. [tag and tail.] A worm which has the tail of
another colour.
They feed on tag worms and lugges. Carew.
There are other worms; as the marfh and tagtail. Walton.
To Tag. v.a. [from the noun.]
j. To fit any thing with an end : as, to tag a lace.
2. To append one thing to another.
His courteous hoft
Tags every fentence with fome fawning word.
Such as my king, my prince, at leaft my lord. Dryden.
’Tis tagg'd with rhyme, like Berecynthian Atys,
The mid-part chimes with art, which never flat is. Dryd.
3. The word is here improperly ufed.
Compell’d by you to tag in rhimes
The common flanders of the times. Swift.
4. To join : this is properly to tack.
Reliftance, and the fucceffion of the houfe of Hanover,
the whin writers perpetually tag together. Swift’s Mifcel.
Tail. n.f. [taeSl, Saxon.] . '
1 That which terminates the animal behind; the continua-
’ t|on of the vertebrae of the back hanging loofe behind.
Oft have I feen a hot o’er-weening cur,
Run back and bite, becaufe he was with-held.
Who, having fuffer’d with the bear’s fell paw,
Hath clapt his tail betwixt his legs and cry d. Sbakefpeare.
This fees the cub, and does himfelf oppofe.
And men and boats his aCtive tail confounds. Waller.
' The lion will not kick, but will ftrike fuch a ftroke with
Jh1s tally that will break the back of his encounterer. More.
T A I
Rouz’d by the lafh of his own flubborn tally
Our lion now will foreign foes afla.il, Dryden.
The tail fin is half a foot high, but underneath level with
the tail. GrtVJ.
2. The lower part.
The Lord fhall make thee the head, and not the tail-, and
thou {halt be above, and not beneath. Deut. xxviii. 13.
3. Any thing hanging long ; a cat-kin.
Duretus writes a great praife of the diftilled water of thofe
tails that hang upon willow trees. Harvey on Lonfumptions.
4. The hinder part of any thing.
With the helm they turn and fleer the tail. Butl.r.
5. To turn Tail. To fly; to run away.
Would flie turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another
way ; but all was to return in a higher pitch. Sidney.
To Tail. v. n. To pull by the tail.
The conquering foe they foon aftail’d,
Firft Trulla ftav’d and Cerdon tail’d. HudibrciSy b. i.
Ta'iled. adj. [from tail.] Furnifhed with a tail.
Snouted and tailed like a boar, footed like a goat. Grew.
Ta'illage. n.f. [tailler, French.]
Taillage originally ftgnifies a piece cut out of the whole;
and, metaphorically, a fhare of a man’s fubftance paid by
way of tribute. In law, it ftgnifies a roll or tax. Cowel.
Taille. n.f.
Tailley the fee which is oppoftte to fee-fimple, becaufe it is
fo minced or pared, that it is not in his free power to be difpofed of who owns it; but is, by the firft giver, cut or di¬
vided from all other, and tied to the iffue of the donee.
This limitation, or tailley is either general or fpecial. Taille
general is that whereby lands or tenements are limited to a
man, and to the heirs of his body begotten; and the reafon
of this term is, becaufe how many foever women the tenant,
holding by this title, fhall take to his wives, one after an¬
other, in lawful matrimony, his iffue by them all have a poffibility to inherit one after the other. Taile fpecial is that
whereby lands or tenements be limited unto a man and his
wife, and the heirs of their two bodies begotten. Cowel.
Tai'lor. n.f. [tailleury from tailler, French, to cut.] One
whofe bufinefs is to make cloaths.
I’ll entertain a fcore or two of tailors,
To ftudy fafhions to adorn my body. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Here’s an Englifh tailor come for ftealing out of a French
hofe : come tailor, you may roaft your goofe. Sbakefpeare.
The knight came to the tailor's to take meafure of his
gown. Camden.
The world is come now to that pafs, that the tailor and
fhoemaker may cut out what religion they pleafe. Howel.
They value themfelves for this outfide fafhionablenefs of
the tailor’s making. Locke on Education.
It was prettily faid by Seneca, that friendfhip fhould not
be unript, but unftitcht, though fomewhat in the phrafe of a
tailor. Collier.
In Covent-Garden did a tailor dwell,
• That fure a place deferv’d in his own hell. King.
To Taint, v.a. [teindre, French.]
1. To imbue or impregnate with any thing.
The fpaniel ftruck
Stiff by the tainted gale, with open nofe
Draws full upon the latent prey. Tbomfon.
2. Toftain; to fully.
We come not by the way of accufation
To taint that honour every good tongue bleffes. Shakefp.
* Sirens taint
The minds of all men, whom they can acquaint
With their attractions. Chapman's Odyffey, b. xii.
They the truth
With fuperftitions and traditions taint. Milton:
Thofe pure immortal elements
EjeCt him tainted now, and purge him off
As a diftemper. Milton.
3. To infeCt.
Nothing taints found lungs fooner than infpiring the breath
of confumptive lungs. Harvey on Confumptions.
Salts in fumes contract the vehicles, and perhaps the taint¬
ed air may affeCt the lungs by its heat. Arbuthnot on Air.
With wholefome herbage mixt, the direful bane
Of vegetable venom taints the plain. Pope.
4. To corrupt.
A fweet-bread you found it tainted or fly-blown. Swift.
The yellow tinging plague
Internal vifion taints. Thomfon's Spring,
5. A corrupt contraction of attaint.
To Taint, v.n. To be infected ; to be touched.
Till Birnam wood remove to Dunfinane
I cannot taint with fear. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Taint, n.f. [teinte, Fr. from the verb.]
1. A tinCture; a (lain.
2. An infeCt.
There is found in the Summer a fpider called a taint, of a
red colour, and fo little that ten of the largeft will hardly
outweigh a grain. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
As
T A IC T A K
As killing as the canker to the rofe,
Or taint wo.:m to the weaning herds that graze. Milton.
3. Infedfion.
A father that breeds his fon at home, can keep him better
from the taint of fervants than abroad. Locke on Education.
But is no rank, no Nation, no degree,
From this contagious taint of forrow free. Prior.
4. A fpot 3 a foil3 a blcmifh.
Her offence
Muff: be of fuch unnatural degree,
That monfters it3 or your forevouch’d affedlion
Fall’n into taint. Shakcfpeare's King Lear.
Now I
Unfpeak mine own detraction 3 here abjure
The taints and blames I laid upon myfelf. Shakcfpeare.
My hellhounds fball lick up the draff and filth,
Which man’s polluting fin with taint hath fined
On what was pure. Milton.
Ta'iNTLESS. adj. [from taint.] Free from infection.
No humours grofs, or frowzy ffeams.
Could from her taintlefs body flow. Swift's Mifcel.
Ta'inture. n.f [tindlura, Lat. teinture, French.] Taint3
tinge 3 defilement.
See here the tainture of thy neft,
And look thyfelf be faultlefs. Shakcfpeare.
To Take. ,v. a. preterite took, part. paff. taken, fometimes
took 3 taka, Iflandiih ; ey iek, I take 3 ey took, I took.]
1. To receive what is offered.
Then took I the cup at the Lord’s hand, and made all the
nations to drink. Jer. xxv. 1 7.
They refute to tdke the cup at thine hand to drink. Jer.
Be thou advis’d, thy black defign forfake 3
Death, or this counfel, from Lucippus take. JValler.
An honeft man may take a knave’s advice.
But idiots only may be cozen’d twice. Dryden.
Madam, were I as you, I’d take her counfel. Philips.
Diftrefs’d myfelf, like you, confin’d I live,
And therefore can compaflion take and give. Drydcn.
2. To feize what is not given.
In fetters one the barking porter ty’d,
And took him trembling from his fovereign’s fide. Drydcn.
3. To receive.
No man fhall take the nether or upper milffone to pledge.
Deut. xxiv. 6.
4. To receive with good or ill will.
For, what we know muff be.
Why fihould we, in our peevifii oppofition,
Take it to heart. Shakcfpeare's Hamlet.
I wi 11 frown as they pafs by, and let them take it as they
'lift. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
La you ! if you fpeak ill of the devil, how he takes it at
heart. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Damafco, without any more ado, yielded unto the Turks 3
which the baffa took in lb good part, that he would not fuffer
his loldiers to enter it. Knolles's HiJl. of the Turks.
The king being in a rage, took it grievoufly that he was •
mocked. 2 Mac. vii. 39.
The queen hearing of a declination of monarchy, took it
fo ill as Ihe would never after hear of the other’s fuit. Bacon.
A following hath ever been a thing civil, and well taken in
monarchies, fo it be without too much popularity. Bacon.
The diminution of the power of the nobility they took
very heavily. Clarendon.
I hope you will not expeeff from me things demonftrated
with certainty 3 but will take it well that I lhould offer at a
new thing. , Graunt.
If I have been a little pilfering, I take it bitterly of thee to
tell me of it. Dryden.
The foie advice I could give him in confcience, would be
that which he would take ill, and not follow. Swift.
5. To lay hold on 3 to catch by furprize or artifice.
Who will believe a man that hath no houfe, and lodgeth
wherefoever the night taketh him ? Eccluf xxxvi. 26.
They filenced thofe who oppofed them, by traducing them
abroad, or taking advantage againft them in the houfe. Clar.
Men in their loofe unguarded hours they take.
Not that themfelves are wife, but others weak. Pope.
6. To fnatch 3 to feize.
I am contented to dwell on the Divine Providence, and
take up any occalion to lead me to its contemplation. Hale.
7. To make prifoner.
Appoint a meeting with this old fat fellow.
Where we may take him, and difgrace him for it. Shak.
King Lear hath loft, he and his daughter taken. Shak.
This man was taken of the Jews, and lhould have been
killed. . Adis xxii. 27.
They entering with wonderful celerity on every fide, flew
and took three hundred Janizaries. ' Knolles.
8. I o captivate with pleafure 3 to delight 5 to engage.
More than hiftory can pattern, though devis’d
And play’d to.' eke fpebtators. Shakcfpeare.
2
I long
To hear the ftory of your life, which muft
Take the ear ftrangely. Shakcfpeare's Temped.
Let her hot take thee with her eyelids. Prov. vi. 25.
Yet notwithftanding, taken by Perkin’s amiable behaviour,
he entertained him as became the perlbn of Richard duke of
York. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Their fong was partial, but the harmony
Sufpended hell, and took with ravifhment
The thronging audience. Milton.
If I renounce virtue, though naked, then I do it yet more
when fhe is thus beautified on purpofe to allure the eye, and
take the heart. Decay of Piety.
This beauty fiiines through fome mens adlions, lets off all
that they do, and takes all they come near. Locke.
Cleombrotus was lo taken with this profpedff, that he had
no patience. , IVake.
9. To furprize 3 to catch.
Wife men are overborn when taken at a difadvantage.
Celher of Confidence.
10. To entrap ; to catch in a finare.
' Take us the foxes, that fpoil the vines. 2 Cant. xv.
11. To underftand in any particular fenfe or manner.
The words are more properly taken for the air or a?ther
than the heavens. Raleigh.
You take me right, Eupolis 3 for there is no poflibility of
an holy war. Bacon’s holy JVar.
I take it, andiron brafs, called white brafs, hath fome
mixture of tin to help the luftre. Bacon.
Why, now you take me ; thefe are rites
That grace love’s days, and crown his nights:
Thefe are the motions i would fee. Benj. Johnfoii.
Give them one fimple idea, and fee that they take it right,
and perfectly comprehend it. Locke.
Charity taken in its largeft extent, is nothing elfe but the
fincere love of God and our neighbour. JVakc.
12. To exa£I.
Take no ufury of him or increafe. Lev. xxv. 36.
13- To get 3 to have 3 to appropriate.
And the king of Sodom laid unto Abram, give me the
perfons, and take the goods to thyfelf. Gen. xiv. 21.
14. To ufe 3 to employ.
This man always takes time, and ponders things maturely
before he paffes his judgment. ITatts.
15. To blaft 3 to infeSt.
Strike her young bones.
You taking airs with lamenefs. Sbakefpeare.
16. To judge in favour of.
The niceft eye could no diftimftlon make
Where lay the advantage, or what fide to take. Dryden.
17. To admit any thing bad from without.
I ought to have a care
To keep my wounds from taking air. Hudibras, p. iii.
18. To get 3 to procure.
Striking ftones they took fire out of them. 2 Mac. x. 3.
19. To turn to 3 to prablife.
If any of the family be diftreffed, order is taken for their
relief: if any be fubjebt to vice, or take ill courfes, they are
reproved. Bacon's New Atlantis.
20. To clofe in with 5 to comply with.
Old as I am, I take thee at thy word.
And will to-morrow thank thee with my fvvord. Drydcn.
She to her country’s ufe refign’d your fword,
And you, kind lover, took her at her word. Dryden.
I take thee at thy word. Rozue's Ambitious Stepmother.
Where any one thought is fuch, that we have power to
take it up or lay it by, there we are at liberty. Locke.
21. To form 3 to fix.
Refolutions taken upon full debate, were feldom profecuted
with equal refolution. Clarendon.
22. To catch in the hand 3 to feize.
He put forth a hand, and took me by a lock of my head.
Ezek. viii. 3.
I took not arms till urg’d by felf defence. Dryden.
23. To admit 3 to fuffer.
t Yet thy moift clay is pliant to command 3
Now take the mould 3 now bend thy mind to feel
T he firft fliarp motions of the forming wheel. Drydcn.
24. To perform any adtion.
Peradventure we fhall prevail againft him, and take our re<-
venge on him. Jer. xx. 10.
Uzzah put forth his hand to the ark, and took hold ot it,
for the oxen fiiook it. 2 Sam. vi. 6.
Taking my leave of them, I went into Macedonia. 2 Cor.
Before I proceed, I would be glad to take fome breath.
Bacon's holy ITar.
His wind he never took whilft the cup was at his mouth,
but juftly obferved the rule of.drinking with one breath.
Hakcwill on Providence.
Then call’d his brothers,
And her to whom his nuptial vows were bound 3
A long
T A K T A K
A long figh he drew.
And his voice failing, took his laft adieu.
The Sabine Claufus came.
Dryden's Fab.
And from afar, at Dryops took his aim. Dryderis /En.
Her lovers names in order to run o er.
The girl took breath full thirty times and more; Drydcn.
Heighten’d revenge he fhould have took ;
He fhould have burnt his tutor’s book. Prior.
The hufband’s affairs made it neceffary for him to take a
voyage to Naples. Addifon*s Spectator.
I took a walk in Lincoln’s Inn Garden. Tatler.
The Carthaginian took his feat, and Pompey entered with
great dignity in his own perfon. ‘Tatler.
I am poffeffed of power and credit, can gratify my favou¬
rites, and take vengeance on my enemies. Swift.
25. To receive into the mind.
When they faw the boldnefs of Peter and John, they took
knowledge of them that they had been with Jefus. Ads iv.
It appeared in his face, that he took great contentment in
this our queftion. Bacon.
Doctor Moore, in his Ethicks, reckons this particular in¬
clination, to take a prejudice againft a man for his looks,
among the fmaller vices in morality, and names it a profopoleplia. Addifon's Sped. N°. 86.
A ftudent fhould never fatisfy himfelf with bare attendance
on lectures, unlefs he clearly takes up the fenfe. IVatts.
lb. To go into.
When news were brought that the French king befieged
Conftance, he polled to the fea-coaft to take fhip. Camden.
Tygers and lions are not apt to take the water. Hale.
27. To go along; to follow; to perfue.
The joyful fhort-liv’d news foon fpread around.
Took the fame train. Dryden.
Obferving Hill the motions of their flight.
What courfe they took, what happy figns they fhew. Dry.
28. To fwallow ; to receive.
Confider the infatisfadtion of feveral bodies, and of their
appetite to take in others. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Turkeys take down ftones, having found in the gizzard of
one no lefs than feven hundred. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
2g. To fwallow as a medicine.
Tell an ignoramus in place to his face that he has a wit
above all the world, and as fulfome a dofe as you give him
he {hall readily take it down, and admit the commendation,
though he cannot believe the thing. South.
Upon this afl'urance he took phyfick. Locke.
The glutinous mucilage that is on the outfides of the feeds
wafhed off caufes them to take. Mortimer's Hufb.
30. To choofe one of more.
Take to thee from among the cherubim
Thy choice of flaming warriors. Milton.
Either but one man, or all men are kings : take which you
pleafe it diflolves the bonds of government. Locke.
31. To copy.
Our phaenix queen was pourtray’d too fo bright.
Beauty alone cou’d beauty take fo right. Drydcn.
32. To convey ; to carry ; to tranfport.
Carry fir John Falftaff to the fleet,
Take all his company along with him. Shakefp. Henry IV.
He fat him down in a ftreet; for no man took them into
his houfe to lodging. Judges xix. 15.
33. To fallen on; to feize.
Whereloever he taketh him he teareth him; and he foameth. Mark ix. 18.
No temptation hath taken you, but fuch as is common to
man. 1 Cor. x. 13.
When the froft and rain have taken them they grow dan¬
gerous. Temple.
At Arft they warm, then fcorch, and then they take,
Now with long necks from fide to fide they feed;
At length grown ftrong their mother-fize forfake,
And a new colony of flames fucceed. Dryden.
No bead will eat lour grafs till the froft hath taken it. Mart.
In burning of ftubble, take care to plow the land up round
the field, that the fire may not take the hedges. Mortimer.
34. Nottorefule; to accept.
Take no fatisfa£tion for the life of a murderer, he fhall be
furely put to death. Num. xxxv. 31.
Thou tak'Jl thy mother’s word too far, faid he,
And haft ufurp’d thy boafted pedigree. Dryden.
He that fhould demand of him how begetting a child gives
the father abiolute power over him, will find him anfwer
nothing : we are to take his word for this. Locke.
Who will not receive clipped money whilft he fees the
great receipt of the exchequer admits it, and the bank and
goldfmiths will take it of him. Locke.
35. To adopt.
I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a
God. Exod. vi. 7.
36. To change with refpefc to place.
When he departed, he took out two pence, and gave them
to the hoft. , Luke x. 35.
He put his hand into his bofom ; and when he took it out;
it was leprous. _ Exod. iv. 6.
If you flit the artery, thruft a pipe into it, and call a ftrait
ligature upon that part containing the pipe, the artery will
not beat below the ligature; yet do but take it off, and it
will beat immediately. Ray.
Lovers flung themf'elves from the top of the precipice into
the fea, where they were fometimes taken up alive. Addijon.
37. To feparate.
A multitude, how great foever, brings not a man any
nearer to the end of the inexhauftible ftock of number, where
ftill there remains as much to be added as if none were taken
Locke.
38
Swift.
out.
The living fabrick now in pieces take^
Of every part due obfervation make;
All which fuch art difeovers. Blackmore.
To admit.
Let not a widow be taken into the nutnber under threefcore. 1 Tim. v. 9.
Though fo much of heav’n appears in my make,
The fouleft impreflions I eafily take.
39. To perfue; to go in.
He alone.
To find where Adam fhelter’d, took his way.
To the port fhe takes her Way,
And ftands upon the margin of the fea.
Give me leave to feize my defin’d prey,
And let eternal juftice take the way.
It was her fortune once to take her way
Along the fandy margin of the fea.
To receive any temper or difpofition of mind.
They fhall not take fhame.
40.
Milton.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Mic. ii. 6.
Thou haft fcourged me, and haft taken pity on me. Tob.
They take delight in approaching to God. Ifa. lviii. 2.
Take a good heart, O Jerufalem. Bar. iv. 30.
Men die in defire of fome things which they take to heart.
Bacon.
Few are fo wicked as to take delight
In crimes unprofitable. Dryden.
Children, if kept out of ill company, will take a pride to
behave themfelves prettily, perceiving themfelves efteemed.
Locke on Education*
41. To endure; to bear.
I can be as quiet as any body with thofe that are quarrelfome, and be as troublefome as another when I meet with
L'Efrange.
as thofe
Spedator, N°, 422.
only deferve who
Swift's Mifcel.
thofe that will take it.
Won’t you then take a jeft ?
He met with fuch a reception
are content to take it.
42. To draw; to derive.
The firm belief of a future judgment, is the mod forcible
motive to a good life ; becaufe taken from this confideration
of the rooft lafting happinefs and mifery, Tillotfon.
43. To leap; to jump over.
That hand which had the ftrength, ev’n at your door,
To cudgel you, and make you take the hatch. Shakefp.
44. To aflume.
Fit you to the cuftom,
And take t’ye as your predeceflors have.
Your honour with your form. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
I take liberty to fay, that thefe propofitions are fo far from
having an univerfal affent, that to a great part of mankind
they are not known. Locke.
45. To allow ; to admit.
Take not any term, howfoever authorized by the language
of the fchools, to ftand for any thing till you have an idea of
it. Locke.
Chemifts take, in our prefent controverfy, fomething for
granted which they ought to prove. Boyle.
46. To receive with fondnefs.
I lov’d you ftill, and took your weak excufes.
Took you into my bofom. Dryden.
47. To carry out for ufe.
He commanded them that they fhould take nothing for
their journey, fave a ftaff. Mar. vi. 8.
48. To fuppofe ; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion.
This I take it
Is the main motive or our preparations. Sbakefpearc.
The fpirits that are in all tangible bodies are fcarce known.
Sometimes they take them for vacuum, whereas they are
the mod active of bodies. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The farmer took himfelf to have deferved as much as any
man, in contributing more, and appearing looner, in their
firft approach towards rebellion. Clarendon.
Is a man unfortunate in marriage? Still it is bccaufe he
was deceived ; and fo took that for virtue and affection which
was nothing but vice in a difguife. South.
Our depraved appetites caufe us often to take
true imitation of nature which has no refemblance
So (oft his treffes, fill’d with trickling pearl,
You’d doubt Ins lex, and take him for a girl.
26 B
that for
of it.
Dryden.
Tate.
Tinie
3
l A K
T ime is taken for fo much of infinite duration, as is meafured out by the great bodies of the univerfe. Locke.
They who would advance in knowledge, fhould lay down
this as a fundamental rule, not to take words for tilings. Locke.
Few will take a proportion which amounts to no more than
this, that God is plealed with the doing of what he himfelf
commands for an innate moral principle, fince it teaches fo
little. Locke.
Some tories will take you for a whig, fome whigs will take
you for a tory. Pope.
As I take it, the two principal branches of preaching are,
to tell the people what is their duty, and then to convince
them that it is fo. Swift.
49. To direct.
Where injur’d Nifus takes his airy courfe,
Hence trembling Scylla flies and fliuns his foe. Drydett.
50. To feparate for one’s felf from any quantity; to remove
for one’s felf from any place.
I will take of them for priefts. Ifa. lxvi. 21.
Hath God aflayed to take a nation from the midft of an¬
other. Dcut. iv. 34.
I might have taken her to me to wife. Gen. xii. 19.
Enoch walked with God, and he was not, for God took
him. Gen. v. 24.
The Lord took of the fpirit that was upon him, and gave
it unto the feventy elders.
Four heifers from his female ftore he took. Dryden.
51. Not to leave ; not to omit.
The difeourfe here is about ideas, which he fays are real
things, and we fee in God: in taking this along with me, to
make it prove any thing to his purpofe, the argument muft
ftand thus. Locke.
Young gentlemen ought not only to take along with them
a clear idea of the antiquities on medals and figures, but
likewile to exercife their arithmetick in reducing the fums of
money to thofe of their own country. Arbutbnot on Coins.
52. To receive payments.
Never a wife leads a better life than fhe does ; do what
fhe will, take all, pay all. Sbakefpeare.
53. To obtain by menfuration.
The knight coming to the taylor’s to take meafure of his
gown, perceiveth the like gown cloth lying there. Camden.
With a two foot rule in his hand mealiiring my walls, he
took the dimenfions of the room. Swift.
54. To withdraw.
Honeycomb, on the verge of threefcore, took me afide,
and afked me whether I would advife him to marry ? Spebiat.
55. To feize with a tranlltory impulfe ; to affedt fo as not to
laft.
Tiberius, noted for his niggardly temper, only gave his
attendants their diet; but once he was taken with a fit of
generofity, and divided them into three clafles. Arbutbnot.
56. To comprife ; to comprehend.
We always take the account of a future ftate into our
lchemes about the concerns of this world. Atterbury.
Had thofe who would perfuade us that there are innate
principles, not taken them together in grofs, but confidered
ieparately the parts, they would not have been fo forward to
believe they were innate. Locke.
37. To have rccourfe to.
A fparrow took a bulb juft as an eagle made a ftoop at an
hare. L’Ejlrange.
The cat prcfently takes a tree, and fees the poor fox torn
to pieces. L’Ejlrange.
58. To produce ; or fuller to be produced.
No purpofes whatfoever which are meant for the good of
that land will profper, or take good effedt. Spenfer.
59. To catch in the mind.
Thefe do beft who take material hints to be judged by hiftory. Locke,
bo. To hire ; to rent.
If three ladies, like a lucklefs play.
Takes the whole houfe upon the poet’s day. Pope.
61. To engage in ; to be adtive in.
Qucftion your royal thoughts, make the cafe yours;
Be now the father, and propofe a fon ;
Behold yourfelf fo by a fon difdain’d ;
And then imagine me taking your part,
And in your pow’r fo filencing your fon. Shak. Henry IV.
62. 1 o luft'er ; to fupport.
In ftreams, my boy, and rivers take thy chance,
I here fwims, faid he, thy whole inheritance. Addifon.
Now take your turn ; and, as a brother Ihou’d,
Attend your brother to the Stygian flood. Dryden's JEn.
63. I o admit in copulation.
five hundred afles yearly took the horfe,
Producing mules of greater fpeed and force. Sandys.
64. 'Fo catch eagerly.
Drances took the word ; who grudg’d, long fince.
The rifing glories of the Daunian prince. ° Dryden.
65. To ufe as an oath or expreflion.
Thou (halt not take the name of the Lord in vain. £xod.
66. To feize as a difeafe.
T A K
. 1 » * \ .*... »/> 1 t G t. , , t
They that come abroad after thefe fhowers are commonly
taken with ficknefs. Bacon.
I am taken on the hidden with a fwimming in my head.
> Dryden.
67. To Take away. To deprive of.
If any take away from the hook of this prophecy, God
fhall take away his part out of the book of life. Rev. xx. 19.
The bill for taking away the votes of bifhops was called a
bill for taking away all temporal jurifdi&ion. Clarendon.
Many difperfed objedfs breed confufion, and take away
from the picture that grave majefty which gives’ beauty to the
piece. Dryden.
You fhould be hunted like a beaft of prey,
By your own law I take your life away. Dryden.
The fun’ral pomp which to your kings you pay,
Is all I want, and all you take away. Dryden’s Mri.
One who gives another any thing, has not always a right
to take it away again. Locke.
Not foes nor fortune takes thi» pow’r away
And is my Abelard lefs kind than they.' Pope.
68. To Take away. To fet afide; to remove.
If we take away all confoioufnefs of pleafure and pain, it
will be hard to know wherein to place perfonal identity.
Locke.
69. To Take care. To be careful; to be felicitous for; £0
fuperintend.
Thou (halt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the com.
Doth God take care for oxen ? I Cor. ix. 9.
70. To Take care. To be cautious ; to be vigilant.
71. To Take courfe. To have recourfe to meafures.
They meant to take a courfe to deal with particulars by re¬
concilements, and cared not for any head. Bacon.
The violence of ftorming is the courfe which God is forced
to take for the deftroying, but cannot, without changing the
courfe of nature, for the converting of finners. Ha?nmond.
72. To Take down. To crufh; to reduce; to fupprefs.
Do you think he is now fo dangerous an enemy as he is
counted, or that it is fo hard to take him down as fome fuppofe ? Spenfer on Ireland.
Take down their mettle, keep them lean and bare. Dryd.
Lacqueys were never fo faucy and pragmatical as now, and
he fhould be glad to fee them taken down. Addifon.
73- To Take down. To fwallow; to take by the mouth.
We cannot take down the lives of Jiving creatures, which
fome of the Paracelfians fay, if they could be taken doWny
would make us immortal: the next for fubtilty of operation,
to take bodies putrefied, fuch as may be eafily taken. Bacon.
74. To Take frotn. To derogate; to detract.
It takes notfrom you, that you were born with principles
of generofity; but it adds to you that you have cultivated
nature. ^ Dryden.
75. To Take from. T° deprive of.
Converfation will add to their knowledge, but be too apt
to take from their virtue. Locke.
Gentle gods take my breath from me. Sbakefpeare.
I will Imite thee, and taka thine head from thee. 1 Sam.
76. To Take beed. To be cautious; to beware.
Take beed of a mifehievous man. Ecduf. xi. 33.
Take heed left paflion
Sway thv judgment to do ought. Milton.
Children to ferve their parents int’reft live.
Take beed what doom againft yourfelf you give. Dryden.
77. To Take heed to. To attend.
Nothing lweeter than to take heed unto the commandments
of the Lord. Eccluf xxiii. 27.
78. To Take in. To comprife; to comprehend.
Thefe heads are fufficient for the explication of this whole
matter; taking in feme additional dilcourfes, which make
the work more even. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
This love of our country takes in our families, friends,
and acquaintance. Addifon.
The difufe of the tucker has enlarged the neck of a fine
woman, that at prefent it takes in almoft half the body. Add.
Of thefe matters no latisfadfory account can be given by
any mechanical hypothefis, without taking in the fuperintendence of the great Creator. Derham’s Phyjico-Theol.
79. To Take in. To admit.
An opinion brought into his head by courfe, becaufe he
heard himfelt called a father, rather than any kindnefs that
he found in his own heart, made him take us in. Sidney.
A great veflel full being drawn into bottles, and then the
liquor put again into the ve/Tel, will not fill the veflel again
fo full as it was, but that it may take in more. Bacon.
Porter was taken in not only as a bed-chamber fervant, but
as an ufeful inftrument for his fkill in the Spanilh. IVotton.
Let fortune empty her whole quiver on me,
I have a foul, that, like an ample fhield.
Can take in all; and verge enough for more. Dryden.
The fight and touch take in from the fame objedt different
ideas. Locke.
There is the lame irregularity in my plantations : I take
in none that do not naturally rejoice in the foil. Spectator.
80. Tq
T A K T A K
. * ' » *r ' *m t i‘ i . f * >V' ’•' ^ * 'f*
feme men, follows not many hours after, nobody would evef
let wine touch his lips. Locke.
87. To Take off". To purchafe. v ,
Corn, in plenty, the labourer will have at his own rate,
elfe he’ll not take it off the farmer’s hands for wages. Locke.
The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take
off., above the value of one hundred thoufand pounds per an¬
num, cannot pay us. . , . Locke.
There is a project on foot for tranfporting our beft wheaten
ftraw to Dunftable, and obliging us to take off yearly fo ma¬
ny ton of ftraw hats. Swift's Mijcel.
88. To Take off. To copy. -
Take off all their models in wood. Addifon.
89. To Take off'. To find place for.
The multiplying of nobility brings a ftate to neceftity ;
and, in like manner, when more are bred fcholars than pre¬
ferments can take off. v Bacon’s Ejfays.
90. To Take off. To remove. . , -
When Moles went in, he took the vail off until he came
out. Exod. xxxiv. 34.
If any would reign and take up all the time, let him take
them off and bring others on. Bacon.
He has taken you off, by a peculiar inftance of his mercy,
from the vanities and temptations of the world. TVake.
91. To Take order with. To check ; to take courfe with.
Though he would have turned his teeth upon Spain, yet
he was taken order with before it came to that. Bacon.
92. To Take out. To remove from within any place.
Griefs are green;
And all thy friends which thou mull: make thy friends
Have but their flings and teeth newly td'en out. Shakefp.
93. To Take part. To (hare.
Take part in rejoicing for the victory over the Turks. Pope.
94. To Take place. To prevail; to have effedd.
Where arms take place, all other pleas are vain ;
Love taught me force, and force fhall love maintain. Dry.
The debt a man owes his father takes place, and gives the
father a right to inherit. Locke.
95. To Take up. To borrow upon credit of intereft.
The fmooth pates now wear nothing but high fhoes; and
if a man is through with them in honeft taking up, they ftand
upon fecurity. Shakefpcare:
We take up corn for them, that we may eat and live. Neh.
Wheri Winter {huts the feas, {he to the merchant goes.
Rich cryftals of the rock Hie takes up there,
Huge agat vafes, and old china ware. Dryden’s Juvenal.
I have anticipated already, and taken up from Boccace be¬
fore I come to him. 1 Dryden's Fables.
Men, for want of due payment, are forced to take up the
neceffaries of life at almoft double value. Swift.
96. To be ready for; to engage with.
His divifions
Are, one power againft the French,
And one againft Glendower ; perforce, a third
Muft take up us. Shakefp. Henry IVi
97. To Take up. To apply to the ufe of.
We took up arms not to revenge ourfelves,
But free the commonwealth. Addifon.
98. To Take up. To begin.
They fhall take up a lamentation for me. Ezek.xxv. 17.
Princes friendfhip, which they take up upon the accounts
of judgment and merit, they moft times lay down out of hu¬
mour. South't Serm.
99. To Take up. To faften with a ligature palled under.
A large veffel opened by incifion muft be taken up before
you proceed. Sharp.
100. To Take sip. Toengrofs; to engage.
Take my efteem.
If from my heart you afk, or hope for more;
I grieve the place is taken up before. Dryden.
I intended to have left the ftage, to which my genius ne¬
ver much inclined me, for a work which would have taken
up my life in the performance. , Dryden's Juvenal.
Over-much anxiety in worldly things takes up the mind,
hardly admitting fo much as a thought of heaven. Duppa.
To underftand fully his particular calling in the common¬
wealth, and religion, which is his calling, as he is a man,
takes up his whole time. Locke.
Every one knows that mines alone furnifh thefe: but
withal, countries ftored with mines are poor; the digging
and refining of thefe metals taking up the labour, and waft¬
ing the number of the people. Locke.
We were fo confident of fuccefs, that moft of my fellowfoldiers were taken up with the fame imaginations. Addifon.
The following letter is from an artift, now taken up with
this invention. Addifon.
I here is fo much time taken up in the ceremony, that be¬
fore they enter on their fubjedd the dialogue is half ended.
Addifon on ancient Medals.
The affairs of religion and war took up Conftantine fo
much, that he had not time to think of trade. Arbuthnot.
When
80. To Take in'. Towin'. * ,• • - „
He lent Afan-aga with the Janizaries, and pieces of great
ordnance, to take in the other cities of I unis. Knollcs.
Should a great beauty refolve to take me in with the artil¬
lery of her eyes, it would be as vain as for a thief to fet
upon a new robbed paffenger. Suckling.
Open places are eaftly taken in, and towns not ftrongly
fortified make but a weak refiftance. Felton on the Clafficks.
81. To Take in. To receive.
We went before, and failed unto Afl'os, there - intending
to take in Paul.' ASiixx. 13.
That which men take in by education is next to that which
is natural. Tillotfon's Sermons.
As no acid is in an animal body but muft be taken in by
the mouth, fo if it is not fubdued it may get into the bfood.
Arbuthnot on Aliments.
82. To Take in. To receive mentally.
Though a created underftanding can never take in the fulnefs of the divine excellencies, yet fo mtich as it can receive
is of greater value than any other objedd. Hale.
The idea of extenfion joins itfelf fo infeparably with all
vifible qualities, that it fuffers to fee no one without taking in
impreflions of extenfion too. Locke.
It is not in the power of the moft enlarged underftanding
to frame one new fimple idea in the mind, not taken in by
the ways afore-mentioned. Locke.
A man can never have taken in his full meafure of know¬
ledge before he is hurried off the ftage. Addifon's Spett.
Let him take in the inftrudiions you give him in a way
fuited to his natural inclination. Watts.
Some bright genius can take in a long train of propqfitions.
Watts.
83. To Take oath. To fwear.
The king of Babylon is come to Jerufalem, and hath
takeh of the king’s feed, and of him taken an oath. Ezek.
We take all oath of fecrecy; for the concealing of thofe in¬
ventions which we think fit to keep feGret; Bacon.
84. To Take off. To invalidate ; to deftroy ; to remove.
You muft forfake this room and go with us;
Your power and your command is taken off.
And Caflio rules in Cyprus. Sbukefpeare's Othello.
The cruel minifters
Took off her life. Shakefpeare.
If the heads of the tribes can be takeh off^ and the milled
multitude return to their obedience, fuch an extent of mercy
is honourable. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
Sena lofeth its windinefs by decodding ; and fubtile or win¬
dy lpirits are taken off by incenfion or evaporation. Bacon.
To ftop fchifms, take offthe principal authors by winning
and advancing them, rather than enrage them by violence. Bac.
What taketh offthe objeddion is, that in judging fcandal we
are to look to the caufe whence it cometh. Bijhop Sanderfon.
The promifes, the terrors, or the authority of the com¬
mander, muft be the topick whence that argument is drawn;
and all force of thefe is taken off by this doddrine. Hammond.
It will not be unwelcome to thefe worthies, who endea¬
vour the advancement of learning, as being likely to find a
clear progrelTion when fo many untruths are taken off. Brown.
This takes not off the force of our former evidence. Still.
If the mark, by hindering its exportation, makes it lefs va¬
luable, the melting pot can eafily take it off. Locke.
A man’s underldanding failing him, would take off that
preemption moft men have of themfelves. Locke.
It {hews virtue in the faireft light, and takes off from the
deformity of vice, Addijon.
When we would take offfrom the reputation of an addion,
we aferibe it to vain glory. Addijon.
This takes off from the elegance of our tongue, but exprefies our ideas in the readieft manner. Addifon.
The juftices decreed, to take off a halfpeny in a quart from
the price of ale. Swift's Mifcel.
How many lives have been loft in hot blood, and how
many likely to be taken off in cold. Blount to Pope.
Favourable names are put upon ill ideas, to take off the
odium. Watts.
85. To Take off. To with-hold ; to withdraw.
He perceiving that we were willing to fay fomewhat, in
great courtely took us off, aud condelcended to afk us queftions. - Bacon.
Your prefent diftemper is not fo troublefome, as to take
you off from all fatisfaddion. Wake.
There is nothing more refty and ungovernable than our
thoughts: they will not be diredded what objecds to purfue,
nor be taken off from thofe they have once fixed on ; but run
away with a man in purfuit of thofe ideas they have in view,
let him do what he can. Locke.
Keep foreign ideas from taking off our minds from its pre¬
fent purfuit. Locke.
86. To Take off. To fwallow.
Were the pleafure of drinking accompanied, the moment
a man takes off his glafs, with that lick ldomach which, in
T A K T A K
When the compafs of twelve books is taken up in thefc,
the reader will wonder by what methods our author could
prevent being tedious. Pope's EJJ'ay on Homer.
101. To Take up. To have final recpurl'e to.
Arnobius afferts, that men of the fined: parts and learning,
rhetoricians, lawyers, phyficians, defpifing the fentiments
they had been once fond of, took up their reft in the Chriftian
religion. Addifon on the Chriftian Religion.
102. To Take up. To feize ; to catch ; to arreft.
Though the fheriff have this authority to take up all fuch
ftrag<fiers, and imprifon them ; yet Avail he not work that
terror in their hearts that a marlhal will, whom they know
to have power of life and death. Spenfer.
I was taken up for laying them down. Shakefpeare.
You have taken up.
Under the counterfeited zeal of God,
The fubjedts of his fubftitute, and here upfwarm’d them.
Shakefpeare.
103. To Take up. To admit.
The ancients took up experiments upon credit, and did
build great matters upon them. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
104. To Take up. To anfwer by reproving; to reprimand.
One of his relations took him up roundly, for ftooping fo
much below the dignity of his profeffion. L'Ejlrange.
105. To Take up. To begin where the former left off.
The plot is purely fiction; for I take it up where the hiftory has laid it down. Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
Soon as the evening fiaades prevail,
The moon takes up the wond’rous tale.
And nightly to the lift’ning earth
Repeats the ftory of her birth. Addifon's Sped.
106. To Take up. To lift.
Take up thefe cloaths here quickly :
Where’s the cowlftaff ? Shakefpeare.
The le.ift things are taken up by the thumb and forefinger;
when we would take up a greater quantity, we would ufe the
thumb and all the fingers. Ray.
Milo took up a calf daily on his fhoulders, and at laft ar¬
rived at firmnefs to bear the bull. JVatts.
107. To Take up. To occupy.
The people by fuch thick throngs fwarmed to the place,
that the chambers which opened towards the fcaffold were
taken up. Hayward.
All vicious enormous practices are regularly confequent,
where the other hath taken up the lodging. Hammond.
Committees, for the convenience of the common-council
who took up the Guild-hall, fat in Grocer’s-hall. Clarendon.
When my concernment takes up no more room than myfelf, then fo long as I know where to breathe, I know alfo
where to be happy. South's Sermons.
Thefe things being compared, notwithftanding the room
that mountains take up on the dry land, there would be at
leaft eight oceans required. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
When thefe waters were annihilated, fo much other mat¬
ter muft be created to take up their places. Burnet.
Princes were fo taken up with wars, that few could write
or read befides thofe of the long robes. Temple.
The buildings about took up the whole fpace. Arbuthnot.
108. To Take up. To accommodate; to adjuft.
I have his horfe to take up the quarrel. Shakefpeare.
The created: empires have had their rife from the pretence
of taking up quarrels, or keeping the peace. L'Ejlrange.
109. To Take up. To comprife.
I prefer in our countryman the noble poem of Palemon
and Arcite, which is perhaps not much inferior to the Ilias,
only it takes up feven years. Dryden's Fables.
HO. To Take up. To adopt; to afiume.
God’s decrees of falvation and damnation have been taken
up by fome of the Romifh and Reformed churches, affixing
them to mens particular entities, ablolutely conlidered. Ham?n.
The command in war is given to the ftrongeft, or
to the braveft; and in peace taken up and excrcifed by the
boldeft. Temple.
Allurance is properly that confidence which a man takes up
of the pardon of his fins, upon fuch grounds as the fcripture
lays down. South's Sermons.
The French and we ftill change, but here’s the curfe,
They change for better, and we change for worfe.
They take up our old trade of conquering.
And we are taking their’s to dance and fing. Dryden.
He that will oblerve the conclufions men take up, muft be
fatisfied they are not all rational. Locke.
Celibacy, in the church of Rome, was commonly forced,
and taken up, under a bold vow. Atterbury.
Lewis Baboon had taken up the trade of clothier, without
ferving his time. ylrbuthnot's Hijl. of 'John Bull.
Every man takes up thofe interefts in which his humour en¬
gages him. Pope.
It thofe proceedings were obferved, morality and religion
would loon become falhionable court virtues, and be taken
up as the only methods to get or keep employments. Swift.
in. To Taek up. To collect; to exadt a tax.
This great bafia was born in a poor country village, and in
his childhood taken from his Chriftian parents, by fuch as
take up the tribute children. Knolles’s Hijl. of the Turks.
112. To Take upon. To appropriate to; to afiume; to ad¬
mit to be imputed to.
If I had no more wit than he, to take a fault upon me that
he did, he had been hang’d for’t. Shakefpeare.
He took not on him the nature of angels, but the feed of
Abraham. Hcb. ii. 16.
For confederates, I will not take upon me the knowledge
how the princes of Europe, at this day, ftand affedted to¬
wards Spain. Bacon's IVar with Spain.
Would I could your fuff’rings bear;
Or once again could fome new way invent,
To take upon myfelf your punifhment. Dryden.
She loves me, ev’n to fuffer for my fake;
And on herfelf would my refufal take. Dryden.
113. To Take upon. To afiume; to claim authority.
Thefe dangerous, unfafe lunes i’ th’ king ! bcfhrew
them,
He muft be told on’t, and he fhall; the office
Becomes a woman beft : I’ll take t upon me. Shakefpeare.
Look that you take upon you as you fhould. Shakefpeare.
This every tranfiator taketh upon himfelf to do. Felton.
To Take. v. n.
1. To diredt the courfe ; to have a tendency to.
The inclination to goodnefs* if it iflue not towards men,
it will take unto other things. Bacon.
The king began to be troubled with the gout; but the de¬
fluxion taking alfo into his breaft, wafted his lungs. Bacon.
All men being alarmed with it, and in dreadful fufpence
of the event, fome took towards the park. Dryden.
To ftiun thy lawlefs luft the dying bride,
Unwary, took along the river’s fide. Dryden.
2. Topleafe; to gain reception.
An apple of Sodom, though it may entertain the eye with
a florid white and red, yet fills the hand with ftench and foulnefs: fair in look and rotten at heart, as the gayeft and moft
taking things are. South's Sermons.
Words and thoughts, which cannot be changed but for
the worfe, muft of neceffity efcape the tranfient view upon
the theatre ; and yet without thefe a play may take. Dryden.
Each wit may praife it for his own dear fake.
And hint he writ it, if the thing ftiou’d take. Addifon.
The work may be well performed, but will never take if
it is not fet off with proper feenes. Addifon's Freeholder.
May the man grow wittier and wifer by finding that this
ftuff will not take nor pleale ; and fince by a little l'mattering
in learning, and great conceit of himfelf, he has loft his re¬
ligion, may he find it again by harder ftudy and aii humbler
mind. Bentley.
3. To have the intended or natural effedt.
In impreffions from mind to mind, the impreffion taketh,
but is overcome by the mind paflive before it work any manifeft effedt. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 901.
The clods, expos’d to Winter winds, will bake.
For putrid earth will beft in vineyards take. Dryden.
4. To catch ; to fix.
When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noife. Bacon.
5. To Take after. To learn of; to referable; to imitate.
Beafts, that converfe
With man, take after him, as hogs
Get pigs all th’year, ana bitches dogs. Hudibrss, p. i.
We cannot but think that he has taken after a good pat¬
tern! Atterbury.
6. To Take in. To inclofe.
Upon the fea-coaft are parcels of land that would pay well
for the taking in. Mortimer's Hujl.
7. To Take in. To leflen; to contrail: as, he took in his
fails,
8. To Take in. To cheat; to gull: as, the cunning ones
were taken in. A low vulgar phrafe.
9. To Take in hand. N To undertake.
Till there were a perfect reformation, nothing would profper that they took in hand. Clarendon, b. viii.
10. To Take in with. To refort to.
Men once placed take in with the contrary faction to that
by which they enter. Bacon's Ejfays.
11. To Take notice. To obferve.
12. To Take notice. To (hew bv any adt that obfervation is
made.
Some laws reftrained the extravagant power of the nobili¬
ty, the diminution whereof they took very heavily, though
at that time they took little notice oT it. Clarendon.
13. To Take on. To be violently affected.
Your hufband is in his old tunes again ; he fo takes on yon¬
der with me hufband, that any madnefs I ever yet beheld
feemed but tamenefs to this diftemper. Shakefpeare.
In horfes, the fmell of a dead horfe makfeth them fly
away, and take on as if they were mad. Bacons Nat. Hijl.
14. To
Shakefp.
T A K
*4. To Take on. To grieve; to pine.
How will my mother, for a father s death,
Tate on with me, and ne’er be fatisfy’d ?
15. To Take to. To apply to ; to be fond of.
Have him underftand it as a play of older people, and he
will take to it of himfelf. Locke.
Mifs Betfey won’t take to her book. Swift.
The heirs to titles and large eftates could never take to their
books, yet are well enough qualified to lign a receipt for half
a year’s rent. Swift's Mifcel.
Fear took hold upon them there, and pain, as of a woman
in travail. Pfal. xlviii. 6.
They lent forth fpies, which fhould feign themfelves juft
men, that they might take hold of his words. Luke xx. 20.
16. To Take to. To betake to ; to have recourfe.
If I had taken to the church, I fhould have had more fenfe
than to have turned mylelf out of my benefice by writing
libels. Dryden.
The callow ftorks with lizzard and with fhake
Are fed, and foon as e’er to wing they take.
At fight thofe animals for food purfue. Dryden.
Men of learning who take to bufinefs, difeharge it gene¬
rally with greater honefty than men of the world. Addifon.
17. Ti Take a/>. To flop.
The mind of man being naturally timorous of truth, and
yet averfe to that diligent fcarch neceffary to its difeovery, it
muft needs take up fhort of what is really fo. Glanville.
This g;rated harder upon the hearts of men, than the
ftrangenel's of all the former articles that took up chiefly in
fpeculation. South.
Sinners at laft take up, and fettle in a contempt of all re¬
ligion, which is called fitting in the feat of the fcornful.
Tillotfon's Sermons.
18. To Take up. To reform.
This rational thought wrought fo effectually, that it made
him take up, and from that time prove a good hufband. Locke.
19. To Take up with. To be contented with.
The afs takes up with that for his fatisfadfion, which he
reckoned upon before for his misfortune. L'Efrange.
The law and gofpel call aloud for atftive obedience, and
fuch a piety as takes not up with idle inclinations, but fhows
itfelf in folid inftances of pradlice. South.
I could as eafily take up with that fenfelefs affertion of the
Stoicks, that virtues and vices are real bodies and diftindt ani¬
mals, as with this of the atheift, that they can all be derived
from the power of mere bodies. Bentley.
A poor gentleman ought not to be curate of a parifh, ex¬
cept he be cunninger than the devil. It will be difficult to
remedy this, becaufe whoever had half his cunning would
never take up with a vicarage of ten pounds. Swift.
In affairs which may have an extenffve influence on our
future happinefs, we fhould not take up with probabilities.
Watts's Logick.
20. To Take up with. To lodge ; to dwell.
Who would not rather take up with the wolf in the
woods, than make fuch a clutter in the world ? L'Eftrange.
Are dogs fuch defirable company to take up with ? South.
His name and credit fhall you undertake,
And in my houfe you fhall be friendly lodg’d :
In 1643, the parliament took upon them to call an affembly
of divines, to fettle fome church controverffes, of which
many were unfit to judge. Sanderfon.
I take not on me here as a phyfician :
Nor do I, as an enemy to peace,
Troop in the throngs of military men :
But rather
To purge th’ obftru&ions, which begins to flop
Our very veins of life. Shakefp. Henry IV,
21. To 1l AK.-E. with. To pleafe.
Our gracious mafter is a precedent to his own fubjeffs, and
feafonable memento’s may be ufeful; and being diferetely
ufed, cannot but take W’ell with him. Bacon.
Ta'ken, the participle palf. of take.
Thou art taken in thy mifehief, becaufe thou art bloody.
2 Sam. xvi. 8.
He who letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way.
2 Thejf. ii. 7.
It concerns all who think it worth while to be in earneft
with their immortal fouls, not to abufe themfelves with a
falfe confidence : a thing fo eafily taken up, and fo hardly
laid down. South's Sermons.
Scaliger, comparing the two great orators, fays, that no¬
thing can be taken from Demofthenes, nor added to Tully.
Denham.
Though he that is full of them thinks it rathe-r an cafe
than oppreflion to fpeak them out, yet his auditors are per¬
haps as much taken up with themfelves. Gov» ofthe Tongue.
The objedt of defire once ta’en away,
’Tis then not love, but pity which we pay. Dryden.
Ta'ker. n. f. [from take.) He that takes.
He will hang upon him like a dileafe.
T A 1
He is fooner caught than the peftilence.
And the taker runs prefently mad. Shakefpear*.
The dear fale beyond the feas encreafed the number of
takers, and the takers jarring and brawling one with another,
and foreclofing the fifties, taking their kind within harbour,
decreafed the number of the taken. Carew.
The far diftance of this county from the court hath here¬
tofore afforded it a fuperfedeas from takers and furveyors.
Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Berry coffee and the leaf tobacco, of which the Turks are
great takers, condenfe the fpirits, and make them ftrong.
Bacon.
Few like the Fabii or the Scipio’s are,
Takers of cities, conquerors in war. Denham.
He to betray us did himfelf betray.
At once the taker, and at once the prey. Denham.
Seize on the king, and him your prifoner make.
While I, in kind revenge, my taker take. Dryden.
Rich cullies may their boafting fpare,
They purchafe but fophifticated ware :
’Tis prodigality that buys deceit,
Where both the giver and the taker cheat. Dryden.
Ta'king. n.f [from take.'] Seizure; diftrefs.
What a taking was he in, when your hufband afked who
was in the bafket. Shakefpeare.
She faw in what a taking,
The knight was by his furious quaking. Butler.
Tale. n.f. [tale, from tellan, to tell, Saxon.]
1. A narrative ; a ftory. Commonly a flight or petty account
of fome trifling or fabulous incident: as, a tale of a tub.
This ftory prepared their minds for the reception of any
tales relating to other countries. Watts.
2. Oral relation.
My confcience hath a thoufand feveral tongues,
And ev’ry tongue brings in a fev’ral tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain. Shakefpeare.
Life is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of found and fury,
Signifying nothing. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Hermia, for aught I could read.
Could ever hear by tale or hiftory.
The courfe of true love never did run fmooth. Shakefp.
We fpend our years as a tale that is told. Pfal. xc. 9.
3. [Talan, to count, Saxon.] Number reckoned.
Number may ferve your purpofe with the ignorant, who
meafure by tale and not by weight. Hooker.
For ev’ry bloom his trees in Spring afford.
An autumn apple was by tale reftor’d. Dryden's Virgil.
Both number twice a day the milky dams.
And once fhe takes the tale of all the lambs. Dryden.
The herald for the laft proclaims
A filence. While they anfwer’d to their names,
To fhun the fraud of mufters falfe ;
The tale was juft. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
Reafons of things are rather to be taken by weight than
tale. Collier on Cloaths.
4. Reckoning; numeral account.
In packing, they keep a juft tale of the number that every
hogfhead containeth. Carew.
Money b’lng the common fcale
Of things by meafure, weight and tale 3
In all th’ affairs of church and ftate,
’Tis both the balance and the weight. Butler.
Then twelve returned upon the principal panrtel, or the
tales, are fworn to try the fame according to their evidence.
Hale.
5. Information ; difclofure of any thing fecret.
From hour to hour We ripe and ripe.
And then from hour to hour We rot and rot;
And thereby hangs a tale. Shakefpeare.
Birds live in the air freeft, and are apteft by their voice to
tell tales what they find, and by their flight to exprefs the
fame. Bacon.
Talebearing, n.f. [tale and bear.] The adt of Informing;
officious or malignant intelligence.
The laid Timothy was extremely officious about their miftrefs’s perfon, endeavouring, by flattery and talebearing, to
fet her againft the reft of the fervants. ArbuthnoU
Talebf/arer. n.f. [tale and bear.] One who gives officious
or malignant intelligence.
The liberty of a common table is a tacit invitation to all
intruders ; as buffoons, fpies, talebearers, flatterers. L'EJlr.
In great families, fome one falfe, paultry talebearer, by
carrying ftories from one to another, fhall inflame the minds,
and dilcompofe the quiet of the whole family. South.
Ta'levt. n.f. [talentum, Lat.]
A talent lignified fo much weight, or a fum of money, the
value differing according to the different ages and countries.
Arbuthmt.
Five talents in his debt,
His means moft fhort, his creators moft ftraight. Shakejp.
26 C Two
TAL T A L
Two tripods cafe in antick moulcl;
With two great talents of the fineft gold. Dayden.
2. Faculty ; power; gift of nature. A metaphor borrowed
from the talents mentioned in the holy writ.
Many who knew the treafurer’s talent in removing preju¬
dice, and reconciling himfelf to wavering afte&ions, believed
the lofs of the duke was unfeafonable. Clarendon.
He is chiefly to be confidered in his three different talents,
as a critick, fatyrift, and writer of odes. Dryden.
’Tis not my talent to conceal my thoughts,
Or carry fmiles and funfhine in my face.
When difeontent fits heavy at my heart. Addifon's Cato.
They are out of their element, and logick is none of their
talent. Baker s RcfleElions on Learning.
Perfons who poffefs the true talent of raillery are like
comets; they are feldom feen, and all at once admired and
feared. Female Quixote.
3. Quality ; nature. An improper and miftaken ufe.
Though the nation generally was without any ill talent to
the church in dodtrine or difeipline, yet they were not with¬
out a jealoufy that popery was not enough difcountenanced.
Clarendon..
It is the talent of human nature to run from one extreme
to another. Swift.
Ta'lisman. n.f. [I know not whence derived: TEAscr^a,
Skinner.'] A magical character.
If the phyficians would forbid us to pronounce gout, rheumatifm, and Hone, would that ferve like fo many talifmans
to deftroy the difeafes. Swift.
Of talifmans and figils knew the power.
And careful watch’d the planetary hour. Pope.
Talisma'nick. adj. [from talifnan.] Magical.
The figure of a heart bleeding upon an altar, or held in
the hand of a Cupid, has always been looked upon as talifmanick in dreffes of this nature. Addifon's Specl.
To Talk. v. n. [taelen, Dutch.]
1. To (peak in converfation ; to fpeak fluently and familiarly ;
not in fet fpeeches ; to converfe.
I will buy with you, fell with you, talk with you ; but I
will not eat with you. Sbakfpeare.
Now is this vice’s dagger become a fquire, and talks as
familiarly of John of Gaunt as if he had been fworn brother
to him ; and he never faw him but once. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
The princes refrained talking, and laid their hand on their
mouth. Job xxix. 9.
The children of thy people Hill talk againft thee. Ezek.
If I talk much, they fhall lay their hands upon their mouth.
IVifd. viii. 12.
Here free from court-compliances he walks,
And with himfelf, his beft advifer, talks. Waller.
As God remembers that we are but flefh, unable to bear
the nearer approaches of divinity, and fo talks with us as once
with Mofes through a cloud ; fo he forgets not that he breath¬
ed into us breath of life, a vital active fpirit. Decay ofPiety.
Mention the king of Spain, he talks very notably; but if
you go out of the Gazette you drop him. Addifon.
2. To prattle ; to fpeak impertinently.
Hypocrites aufterely talk
Of purity. Milton.
My heedlefs tongue has talk'd away this life. Rowe.
3. To give account.
The cryftalline fphere, whofe balance weighs
The trepidation talk'd. Milton.
The natural hiftories of Switzerland talk much of the fall
of thefe rocks, and the great damage done. Addifon.
We will confider whether Adam had any fuch heir -as our
author talks of. Locke.
4. To fpeak; to reafon; to confer.
Let me talk with thee of thy judments. Jer. xii. 1.
Will ye fpeak wickedly for God, and talk deceitfully for
him? Job xiii. 7.
It is difficult tafk to talk to the purpofe, and to put life and
perfpicuity into our difeourfes. Collier on Pride.
Talking over the things which you have read with your
companions fixes them upon the mind. Watts.
Talk, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Oral converfation ; fluent and familiar fpeech.
We do remember; but our argument
„ Is all too heavy to admit much talk. Sbakefpeare.
Perceiving his foldiers difmayed, he forbad them to have
any talk with the enemy. Knolles's Hijl. oj the Turks.
How can he get wifdom that driveth oxen, is occupied in
their labours, and whofe talk is of bullocks ? Eccluf. xxxviii.
1 his ought to weigh with thofe whofe reading is defigned
for much, talk and little knowledge. Locke.
in various talk th’ inltru&ive hours they part.
Who gave the ball, or paid the vilit lalt. Pope.
2. Report; rumour. ,
I hear a talk up and down of railing our money, as a means
to retain our wealth, and keep our money from being carried
away. Locke.
3.Subje£I of difeourfe.
What delight to be by fuch extoll’d,
1 o live upon their tongues and be their talk,
Of whom to be defpis’d were no fmall praife ? Milton.
Talk. n. J. [talc, Fr.]
Stones compofed of plates are generally parallel, and flexi¬
ble and elaftick : as, talk, cat-filver or glimmer, of which
there are three forts, the yellow or golden, the white or filvery, and the black. Woodward's Foffils.
Venetian talk kept in a heat of a glafs furnace; after all the
remaining body, though brittle and difcoloured, had not loft
much of its bulk, and feemed nearer of kin to talk than mere
earth. Boyle.
Ta'lkative. adj. [from talk.] Full of prate; loquacious.
If I have held you overlong, lay hardly the fault upon my
old age, which in its difpofition is talkative. Sidney.
This may prove an inftru&ive lefion to the difaffe<5Ied, not
to build any hopes on the talkative zealots of their party.
Addifon.
I am afhamed I cannot make a quicker progrefs in the
French, where everybody is fo courteous and talkative. Add.
The coxcomb bird fo talkative and grave,
That from his cage cries cuckold, whore, and knave;
Though many a paffenger he rightly call.
You hold him no philofopher at all. Pope:
Talkativeness, n.f. [from talkative.] Loquacity; garru¬
lity ; fulnefs of prate.
We call this talkativenefs a feminine vice ; but he that (hall
appropriate loquacity to women, may perhaps fometimes
need to light Diogenes’s candle to feek a man. Gov. Tongue.
Learned women have loft all credit by their impertinent
talkativenefs and conceit. Swift.
Ta'lker. n.f. [from talk.]
1. One who talks.
Let me give for inftance fome of thofe writers or talkers
who deal much in the words nature or fate. Watts.
2. A loquacious perfon; a pratler.
Keep me company but two years,
Thou (halt not know the found of thine own tongue.
—Farewel, I’ll grow a talker for this jeer. Sbakefpeare
If it were defirable to have a child a more brifk talker,
ways might be found to make him fo; but a wife father had
rather his fon fhould be ufeful when a man, than pretty com¬
pany. Locke on Education.
3. A boafter ; a bragging fellow.
The greateft talkers in the days of peace, have been the
moft pufillanimous in the day of temptation. Taylor.
TaLky. adj. [from talk.] Confifting of talk; refembling talk.
The talky flakes in the ftrata were all formed before the
fubfidence, along with the fand. Woodward on Fojfils.
Tall. adj. [tdl, Welfh.J
1. Hisdi in ftature.
Bring word, how tall flie is. Sbak. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Two of nobler fhape,
Erecft and tall. Milton.
2. High; lofty.
Winds rufli’d abroad
From the four hinges of the world, and fell
On the vext wildernefs, whofe tallejl pines.
Though rooted deep as high, and fturdieft oaks
Bow’d their ftiff necks. Milton's Par. Reg. b. iv.
May they encreafe as faft, and fpread their boughs,
As the high fame of their great owner grows :
May he live long enough to fee them all
Dark fhadows caft, and as his palace tall!
Methinks I fee the love that fhall be made.
The lovers walking in that am’rous fhade. Waller.
3. Sturdy ; lufty.
I’ll fwear thou art a tall fellow of thy hands, and that thou
wilt not be drunk ; but I know thou art no tall fellow of thy
hawds, and that thou wilt be drunk; but I would thou wouldft
be a tall fellow of thy hands. Sbakefp. Winter's Tale.
Ta'llage. n.f. [taillage, French.] Import; excife.
I he people of Spain were better affebted unto Philip than
to Ferdmando, becaufe he had impofed upon them many
taxes and tallages. Bacon's Henry VII.
Ta'llow. n.J. [talge, Danifh.] The greafe or fat of an ani¬
mal ; fuet.
She’s the kitchen wench and all greafe ; and I know not
what ufe to put her to, but to make a lamp of her, and run
from ner by her own light. I warrant her rags, and the tal¬
low in them, will burn a Lapland winter. Sbakefpeare.
In Cuba and Ilifpaniola are killed divers thoufands, whereof
the Spaniards only take the tallow or the hide. Abbot.
Snuff the candles clofe to the tallow, which will make
them run. Swift.
To Ta'llow. v. a. [from the noun.] To greafe; to fmear
with tallow.
Ta'llowchandler. n.f. [tallow and chandelier, Fr.] One
who makes candles of tallow, not of wax.
6 Naftincfs,
T A M TAN
Naftinefs, and feveral nafly trades, as tallowchandlers,
butchers, and neglect of cleanhng of gutters, are great occafions of a plague. Harvey on the Plague.
Ta'lly. n.f [from taillcr, to cut, Fr.]
1. A flick notched or cut in conformity to another flick, and
ufed to keep accounts by.
So right his judgment was cut fit,
And made a tally to his wit. Hudibras, p. iii.
The only talents in efteem at prefent are thofe of Ex¬
change-Alley ; one tally is worth a grove of bays. Garth.
Have you not feen a baker’s maid
Between two equal panniers fway’d ?
Her tallies ufelefs lie and idle,
If plac’d exactly in the middle. Prior.
From his rug the fkew’r he takes,
And on the flick ten equal notches makes;
With juft refentment flings it on the ground,
There take my tally of ten thoufand pound. Swift.
2. Any thing made to fuit another.
So fuited in their minds and perfons.
That they were fram’d the tallies for each other:
If any alien love had interpos’d,
It muft have been an ey'e-fore to beholders. Dryden.
To Tally, v.a. [from the noun.] To fit} to fuit} to cut
out for any thing.
Nor lifter either had, nor brother ;
They feem’d juft tally'd for each othef. Prior.
They are not fo well tallied to the prefent juncture. Pope.
To Ta'lly. v. n. To be fitted } to conform; to be fuitable.
I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the chan¬
nel. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Ta'lmud. ? n.f The book containing the Jewifh tradiTha'lmud. £ tions, the rabbinical conftitutions and expli¬
cations of the law.
Ta'lness. n.f. [from tall.] Height of ftature ; procerity.
An hideous giant, horrible and high,
That with his talnefs feem’d to threat the fky. Fairy fht.
The eyes behold fo many naked bodies, as for talnefs of
ftature could hardly be equalled in any country. ' Hayward.
Ta'lon. n. f. [talon, French.] The claw of a bird of prey.
It may be tried, whether birds may not be made to have
greater or longer talons. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Upward the noble bird diredds his wing,
And tow’ring round his mafter’s earth-born foes.
Swift he collects his fatal flock of ire,
Lifts his fierce talon high, and darts the forked fire. Prior:
Tamarind tree. n.f. [tamarindus, Lat.] .
The flower of the tamarind tree confifts of feveral leaves,
which are fo placed as to refemble a papilionaceous one in
fome meafure ; but thefe expand circularly, from whole
many leaved flower-cup rifes the pointal, which afterward
becomes a flat pod, containing many flat angular feeds furrounded with an acid blackifh pulp. Miller.
Lenitives are caffia, tamarinds, manna. JVifancin's Surgery.
Lay me reclin’d
Beneath the fpreading tamarind that fhakes,
Fan’d by the breeze its fever-cooling fruit. Thomfon.
Ta'marisk. n.f. [tamarifce, Lat.]
The flowers of the tamarifk are rofaceous, confifting of
feveral leaves, which are placed orbicularly; from whofe
flower-cup rifes the pointal, which afterward becomes a pod,
fomewhat like thofe of the fallow, which opens into two
parts, and contains feveral downy feeds. Miller.
Tamarifk is a tree that grows tall, and its wood is medi¬
cinal. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Ta'mbarine. n. f. [tambourin, Fr.] A tabor;, a fmall drum.
Calliope with mufes moe,
Soon as thy oaten pipe began to found,
Their ivory lutes and tambar ties forego. Spenfer's Paf.
TAME. adj. [tame, Saxon; taem, Dutch; tdm, Danifli.j
1. Not wild ; domeftick.
Thales the Milefian faid, That of all wild beafts a tyrant
is the worft, and of all tame beafts a flatterer. Addifon.
2. Crufhed ; lubdued ; depreffed ; dejedted ; fpiritlefs ; heartlefs.
If you fliould need a pin,
You could not with more tame a tongue defire it. Shakefp.
And now their pride and mettle is afleep,
Their courage with hard labour tame and dull. Shakefp.
A rnoft poor man made tatne to fortune’s blows,
Who by the art of known and feeling forrows,
Am pregnant to good pity. Shakefp. King Lear.
Praife him each favage furious beaft.
That on his ftores do daily feaft ;
And you tame flaves of the laborious plough,
Your weary knees to your Creator bow. Rofcommon.
3- Spiritlefs; unanimated : as, a tame poem. A low phrafe.
lo Tame. v.n. [gatamgan, Gothick; temean, Saxon; tanimen, Dutch.]
I. I o reduce from wildnefs ; to reclaim ; to make gentle.
Thofe that tame wild horfes,
Pace ’em not in their hands to make ’em gentle •
But flop their mouths with ftubborn bits." Shakefpeare.
2. Tofubdue; to crufh ; todeprefs; to conquer.
If the heavens do not their vifible fpirits
Send quickly down to tame the offences,
Humanity muft perforce prey on itfelf. Shakefp. King Lear.
They cannot tatne
Or overcome their riches ! not by making
Baths, orchards, fifh-pools, letting in of feas
Here, and then there forcing them out again. B. Johnfon:
A puling cuckold, would drink up
The lees and dregs of a flat tamed piece. Shakefpeare.
A race unconquer’d, by their clime made bold.
The Caledonians arm’d with want and cold,
, Have been kept for you to tame. Waller.
Tameable, adj. [from tame.] Sufceptivie of taming.
Ganzas are fuppofed to be great fowls, of a ftrong flight,
and eafily tameable; divers of which may be fo brought up as
to join together in carrying the weight of a man. Wilkins.
Ta'mely. adj. [from tame.] Not wildly; meanly; fpiritlefly.
True obedience, of this madnefs cur’d,
Stoop tamely to the foot of majefty. Shakefp. Henry IV.
What courage tamely could to death confent.
And not by ftriking firft the blow prevent. Dryden.
Once a champion of renown,
So tamely can you bear the ravifh’d crown ? Dryden.
Has he given way ?
Did he look tamely on and let them pafs ? Adclifom.
Can you love and reverence your prelate, whom you tamely
fuffer to be abufed. Swift.
Ta'meness. n.f. [from tame.]
1. T he quality of being tame; not wildnefs.
2. Want of fpirits ; timidity.
Such a conduct muft appear rather like tamenefs than beau¬
ty, and expofe his authority to infults. Rogers.
A a'mer. n.f. [from tame.] Conqueror; fubduer.
He, great tamer of all human art,
^ ^ Dulnefs ! whofe good old caufe I yet defend. Pope.
Ta'miny. n. f. A woollen fluff".
I^a'mkin. n. f. The ftopple of the mouth of a great gun.
1 o Tamper, v. a. [of uncertain derivation, derived by Skin¬
ner from tempera, Latin.]
1. To be bufy with phyfick.
’Tis in vain
To tamper with your crazy brain,
Without trepanning of your fkull
As often as the moon’s at full. Hudibras, p. ii.’
He tried wafhes to bring him to a better complexion, but
there was no good to be done; the very tampering caft him
into a difeafe. L'Efrange's Fables.
2. T. o meddle; to have to do without fitnefs or neceffity.
That key of knowledge, which fhould give us entrance
into the recedes of religion, is by fo much tampering and
wrenching made ufelefs. Decay of Piety.
’Tis dang’rous tampering with a mufe,
The profits fmall, and you have much to lofe :
For though true wit adorns your birth or place,
Degenerate lines degrade the attainted race. Rofcommon.
Earl Waltheof being overtaken with wine, engaged in a
confpiracy ; but repenting next morning, repaired to the king,
and difeovered the whole matter: notwithftanding which he
was beheaded upon the defeat of the confpiracy, for having
but thus far tampered in it. Addifon s Freeholder.
3. To deal; to praciife with;
Others tamper'd
For Fleetwood, Defborough, and Lambert. Hudibras.
To Tan. v.a. [tannen, Dutch; tannen, French.]
1. To impregnate or imbue with bark.
A human fkull covered with the fkin, having been buried
in fome limy foil, was tanned or turned into a kind of leat^er> Grew's Muf.
Black cattle produce tallow, hides, and beef; but the
greateft part of the hides are exported raw for want of bark
to tan them. Swift.
They fell us their bark at a good price for tanning our hides
into leather. Swift's Mifcel
2. To imbrown by the fun. J
His face all tann'd with fcorching funny ray9
As he had travell’d many a Summer’s day
Through boiling fands of Araby and Ind. Fa. <k)u. b i.
Like fun parch’d quarters on the city gates,
Such is thy tann'd fkin’s lamentable ftate. Donne.
A brown for which heaven would difband
The galaxy, and Bars be tam'd. Ckavdmd-.
1 ane for taken, ia en.
Two trophees tone from th’ Eaft and Weftern fhore,
And both thofe nations twice triumphed o’er. May's Virg.
Tang. n.f. [tanghe, Dutch, acrid.]
1. A ftrong tafte; a tafte left in the mouth.
in taken into the foul, is like a liquor poured into a vefe ; fo much of it as it fills it alfo fealons: fo that although
the
/
TAN
the body of the liquor fhould be poured out again, yet ftiil it
leaves that tang behind it. South's Sermons.
It is ftrange that the foul fhould never once recal over any
of its pure native thoughts, before it borrowed any thing
from the body ; never bring into the waking man s view any
Other ideas but what have a tang of the cafk, and derive their
original from that union. ^j0C e‘
Z. Relilhj tafte. A low word. .
There was not the lead tang of religion, which is indeed
the worft affectation in any thing he laid or did. Attcuury.
3. Something that leaves a fling or pain behind it.
She had a tongue with a tang., . _ a
Would cry to a failor, go hang. Shakejp. Tempejt.
4. Sound ; tone : this is miftaken for tone or twang. _
There is a pretty affectation in the Allemain, which gives
their fpeech a different tang from ours. Holder.
To Tang. v. n. [This is, I think, miftaken for twang.J I o
rine with. . , .
Be oppofite with a kinfman, furly with thy fervants ; let
thv toneue tang arguments of ftate ; put thyfelf into the trick
of Angularity. * . Shaheft. Twelfth Night.
Ta'ngent. n. f. [tangent, Fr. tangens, Lat.]
Tangent, in trigonometry, is a right line perpendiculaily
raifed on the extremity of a radius, and which touches a
circle fo ag not to cut it; but yet interfeCts another line with¬
out the circle called a fecant that is drawn from the centre,
and which cuts the arc to which it is a tangent. Trevoux.
Nothing in this hypothelis can retain the planets in their
orbs, but they would immediately defert them and the neigh¬
bourhood of the fun, and vanifh away in tangents to their
feveral circles into the mundane fpace. Bentley s Serm.
Tangibi'lity. n.f [from tangible.] The quality of being
perceived by the touch.
Tangible, adj. [from tango, Lat.] Perceptible by the touch.
Tvigible bodies have no pleafure in the confort of air, but
endeavour to fubaCt it into a more denfe body. Bacon.
By the touch, the tangible qualities of bodies are difeerned, as hard, foft, fmooth. Locke.
To Ta'ngle. v. a. [See entangle.]
1. To implicate ; to knit together.
2. To enfnare ; to entrap.
She means to tangle mine eyes too.
’Tis not your inky brows, your black filk hair.
Your bugle eye-balls, nor your cheek of cream. Shakefp.
I do, quoth he, perceive
My king is tangVd in affection to
A creature of the queen’s, lady Anne Bullen. Shakefpeare.
You muft lay lime to tangle her defires
By wailful fonnets, whofe compofed rhimes
Shall be full fraught with ferviceable vows. Shakefpeare.
If thou retire, the dauphin, well appointed.
Stands with the fnares of war to tangle thee. Shakefp.
Now ly’ft victorious
Among thy llain felf-kill’d.
Not willingly, but tangl'd in the fold
Of dire neceflity. Milton s Agonifes.
Skill’d to retire, and in retiring draw
Hearts after them, tangl'd in amorous nets. Milton.
With fubtile cobweb cheats,
They’re catch’d in knotted law-like nets;
In which when once they are entangl'd,
The more they ftir, the more they’re tangl'd. Hudibras.
3. To embroil ; to embarrafs.
When my Ample weaknefs ftrays,
Tmgled in forbidden ways :
He, my fhepherd ! is my guide,
He’s before me, on my fide. Crajhaw.
To Ta'ngle. v. n. To be entangled.
Shrubs and tangling bufhes had perplex d
All path of man or beaft.
Ta'ngle. n.f [from the verb.] A knot of things mingled in
one another.
He leading fwiftly rowl’d
In tangles, and made intricate feem ftrait.
To mifehief fwift. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
Sport with Amaryllis in the fhade.
Or with the tangles of Neaera’s hair. Milton.
Ta'nist. n.f. [an Irifh word; an taanijlhcr, Erfe.]
Prefently after the death of any of their captains, they
affemble themfelves to chufe another in his Head, and nomi¬
nate commonly the next brother, and then next to him do
they chufe next of the blood to be tanijl, who fhall next fucceed him in the faid captainry. Spenfer on Ireland.
Ta'NISTRy. n.f [from tanijh.]
The Irifh hold their lands by tanijlry, which is no more
than a perfonal eftate for his life-time that is tanijl, by rcafon
he is admitted thereunto by election. Spenfer on Ireland.
If the Irifh be not permitted to purchafe eftates of free¬
holds, which might defeend to their children, muft they not
continue their cuftom of tanijlry ? which makes all their
poffcffions uncertain. Davies on Ireland.
T A P
By the Irifh cuftom of tanijlry, the chieftains of every
country, and the chief of every fept, had no longer eftate
than for life in their chieferies; and when their chieftains
were dead, their fons, or next heirs, did not fucceed them,
but their tanijls, who were cleCtive, and purchafed their elec¬
tions by ftrong hand. Davies on Ireland.
Tank. n.f. [tanque, Fr.] A large ciftern or bafon.
Handle your pruning-knife with dexterity; go tightly to
your bufinefs : you have coft me much, and muft earn it:
here’s plentiful proviflon, rafeal; fallading in the garden and
water in the tank; and in holy days, the licking of a platter
of rice when you deferve it. " Drydcn's Don Sebaflian.
Ta'nkard. n.f. [tanquaerd, French; tankaerd, Dutch; tancaird, Irifh.] A large veflel with a cover, for ftrong drink.
Hath his tankard touch’d your brain ?
Sure they’re fall’n afleep again. Benj. Johnfon.
Marius was the ftrft who drank out of a Alver tankard,
after the manner of Bacchus. Arbuthnot on Coins.
When any calls for ale, All the largeft tankard cup top
full. Swift.
Ta'nner. n.f [from tan.] One whofe trade is to tan leather.
Tanners ufe that lime which is newly drawn out of the
kiln, and not flacked with water or air. Moxon.
Ta'nsy. n.f. [tanaceium, Lat.]
The tanfy hath a flofculous flower, conflfting of many flo¬
rets, divided into feveral fegments fitting on the embrio, and
contained in a fquamous and hemifpherical empalement; the
embrio afterward becomes a feed not at all downy ; to thefe
notes muft be added thick flowers into a gathered head.
Miller.
Ta'ntalism. n.f. [from tantalize.] A punifhment like that
of Tantalus.
A lively reprefentation of a perfon lying under the torments
of fuch a tantalifm, or platonick hell. Addifon's Spedtat.
To Ta'ntaliae. v. a. [from Tantalus, whofe punifhment
was to ftarve among fruits and water which he could not
touch.] To torment by the fhew of pleafures which cannot
be reached.
Thy vain defires, at ftrife
Within themfelves, have tantaliz'd thy life. Drydeft.
The maid once fped was not fuffered to tantalize the male
part of the commonwealth. Addifon.
Ta'ntivy. adv. [from the note of a hunting horn, fo expreffed in articulate founds; from tanta vi, fays Skinner.] 1 o
ride tantivy is to ride with great fpeed.
Ta'ntling. n.f. [from Tantalus.] One feized with hopes of
pleafure unattainable.
Hard life.
To be ftill hot Summer’s tantlings, and
The fhrinking Haves of Winter. Shakefpearei
TANTAMOUNT, n.f [French.] Equivalent.
If one third of our coin were gone, and fo men had equally
one third lefs money than they have, if muft be tantamount j
and what I ’fcape of one third lefs, another muft make up.
; Locke.
To Tap. v. a. [tappen, Dutch; tapper, French.]
1. To touch lightly; to ftrike gently.
2. [Tappen, Dutch.] To pierce a veffsl; to broach a veflel.
It is ufed likewife of the liquor.
That blood, already like the pelican,
Haft thou tapt out, and drunkenly carouzed. Shakefpeare.
He has been tapping his liquors, while I have been fpilling
my blood. Addifon.
Wait with patience till the tumour becomes troublefome,
and then tap it with a lancet. Sharp's Surgery.
Tap. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A gentle blow.
. This is the right fencing grace, tap for tap, and fo part
fair. Shakefp. Henry IV
Each fhakes her fan with a Anile, then gives her righthand woman a tap upon the fhoulder. Addifon s Sped.
As at hot cockles once I laid me down,
And felt the weighty hand of many a clown,
Buxoma gave a gentle tap. Gay's Pajlorals.
2. A pipe at which the liquor of a veflel is let out.
A gentleman was inclined to the knight of Gafcoigne’s
diftemper, upon hearing the noife of a tap running. Derharn.
Taproot, n.f. [tap and root.] The principal Item ot the
root.
Some put under the trees raifed of feed, about four inches
below the place where they fow their feeds, a fmall piece of
tile to flop the running down of the taproot, which occaflons
it to branch when it comes to the tile. Mortimer s Hujb.
Tape. n.f. [taeppan, Saxon.] A narrow Allet or band.
Will you buy any tape, or lace for your caP>
My dainty duck, my dcar-a ? Shakefpeare.
This pouch that’s ty’d with tape
I’ll wager, that the prize fhall be my. due. Gay.
On once a flock bed, but repair’d with ftraw,
With tape ty’d curtains never meant to draw. Popr.
Ta'per.
TAR TAR
Ta'peR- n.f [rapep, Saxon.] A wax candle 3 alight.
Get me a taper in my ftudy, Lucius :
When it is lighted come and call me. Shakefpeare.
My daughter and little ion we’ll drefs
With rounds of waxen tapers on their heads,
And rattles in their hands. Shakefpeare.
If any fnatch the pure taper from my hand, and hold it to
the devil, he will only burn his own fingers, but ihall not
rob me of the reward of my good intention. Taylor.
There the fair light,
Like hero’s taper in the window plac’d.
Such fate from the malignant air did find.
As that expofed to the boift’rou3 wind. Waller.
To fee this fleet
Heav’n, as if there wanted lights above.
For tapers made two glaring comets rife. Dryden.
Ta'per. adj. [from the form of a taper.] Regularly narrowed
from the bottom to the top3 pyramidal5 conical.
Her taper fingers, and her panting breaft.
He praifes. Dryden.
From the beaver the otter differs in his teeth, which are
canine j and in his tail, which is feline, or a long taper.
Grew's Mufceum.
To Ta'per. v. ti. To grow fmaller.
The back is made tapering in form of a pillar, the lower
vertebres being the broadeft and largeft3 the fuperior leffer
and leffer, for the greater liability of the trunk. Ray.
Such be the dog.
With tap'ring tail, that nimbly cuts the wind. Tickell.
Ta'pestry. n.f. [tapejlerie, tapijferie, tapis, Fr. tapetum, Lat.J
Cloth woven in regular figures.
In the defk
That’s covered o’er with Turkifh tapefry.
There is a purfe of ducats. Shakefpeare.
The cafements are with golden tiffue fpread,
And horfes hoofs, for earth, on filken tapjlry tread. Dryd.
One room is hung with tapejlry, in which are wrought
the figures of the great perfons of the family. AddiJ'on.
Ta'pet. n.f. [tapetia, Lat.] Worked or figured fluff.
To their work they fit, and each doth chufe
What ftory fhe will for her tapet take. Spenfer.
Ta'pster. n.f. [from tap.] One whofe bufinefs is to draw
beer in an alehoufe.
The oath of a lover is no ftronger than the word of a tapJler ; they are both the confirmers of falfe reckonings. Shak.
Though you change your place, you need not change
your trade : I’ll be your tapjler Hill- Shakefpeare.
The world is come now to that pafs, that the vintner and
tapjler may broach what religion they pleafe 3 and the apothe¬
cary may mingle her as he pleafes. Howel.
Though the painting grows decay’d,
The houfe will never lofe its trade 3
Nay, though the treacherous tapjler Thomas
Hangs a new angel two doors from us,
In hopes that ftrangers may miftake it. Swift.
Tar. n.f. [rape, Saxon 3 tarre, Dutch 3 tiere, Danifh.] Li¬
quid pitch 3 the turpentine of the pine or fir drained out by
fire.
Then, foaming tar, their bridles they would champ.
And trampling the fine element would fiercely ramp. Spenf.
A man will not lofe a hog for a halfpennyworth of tar.
Camden’s Remains.
Some ftir the melted tar. Thomfon s Summer.
Tar. n.f. [from tar ufed in fhips.] A failor j a feaman in
contempt.
In fenates bold, and fierce in war,
A land commander, and a tar. Swift's Mifceh.
To Tar. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To fmear over with tar.
2. Toteaze3 to provoke, [rxpdrrco.]
There has been much to do on both fides ; and the na¬
tion holds it no fin to tarre them on to controverfy. Shakefp.
Two curs fhall tame each other 3 pride alone
Muft tar the maftiffs on, as ’twere the bone. Shakefpeare.
TARA’NTULA. n.f [Italian 3 tarentule, French.] An infed!
whofe bite is only cured by mufick.
This word, lover, did no lefs pierce poor Pyrocles than
the right tune of mufick toucheth him that is fick of the tarantula. Sidney.
He that ufes the word tarantula, without having any idea
of what it ftands for, means nothing at all by it. Locke.
Tarda'tion. n.f. [tardo, Latin.] The a£t of hindering or
delaying.
Ta'rdigradous. adj. [tardigradus, Lat.] Moving flowly.
It is but a flow and tardigradous animal, preying upon ad¬
vantage, and otherways may be efcapcd. Brown.
Ta'rdily. adv. [from tardy.] Slowly 3 fluggifhly.
He was indeed the glals.
Wherein the noble youth did drefs themfelves 3
Speaking thick, which nature made his blcmifh.
Became the accents of the valiant:
For thofe that could fpeak flow and tardily,
Would turn their own perfection to abufe,
To feem like him. Shakefp. Henry IV. p- ii»
Ta'rdity. n.J. [tarditas from tardus, Latin 3 tardinte, Fr.J
Slownefs ; want of velocity.
Suppofe there may be fome obfervable tardity in the motion
of light, and then alk how we fliould arrive to perceive it?
Digby•
Our explication includes time in the notions of velocity
and tardity. Rfigby on the Soul.
Ta'rdiness. n.f. [from tardy.] Slownefs3 fluggifhnels; unwillingnefs to adtion or notion.
A tardinefs in nature,
Which often leaves the hiftory unfpoke,
That it intends to do. Shakefp. King Lear,
TA'RDY. adj. [tardus, Lat. tardif, Fr.]
1. Slow 3 not fwift.
Nor fhould their age by years be told,
Whofe fouls, more fwift than motion, climb.
And check the tardy flight of time. Sandy's Paraph.
2. Sluggifh 3 unwilling to adfion or motion.
Behold that navy which a while before
Provok’d the tardy Englifh clofe to fight 5
Now draw their beaten veflels clofe to fhore.
As larks lie dar’d to fhun the hobbies flight. Dryden.
When certain to o’ercome, inclin’d to fave,
Tardy to vengeance, and with mercy brave. Prior.
3. Dilatory ; late ; tedious.
You fhall have letters from me to my fon
In your behalf, to meet you on the way $
Be not ta’en tardy by unwife delay. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Death he as oft accus’d
Of tardy execution, fince denounc’d
The day of his offence. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. X.
The tardy plants in our cold orchards plac’d,
Referve their fruit for the next age’s tafte:
There a fmall grain in fome few months willbe
A firm, a lofty and a fpacious tree. Waller.
Tarely of aid, unfeal thy heavy eyes,
Awake, and with the dawning day arife. Dryden.
You may freely cenfure him for being tardy in his pay¬
ments. Arbuthnot.
4. Unwary. A low word.
Yield, fcoundrel bafe, quoth fhe, or die*
Thy life is mine, and liberty :
But if thou think’ft I took thee tardy.
And dar’ft prefume to be fo hardy,
To try thy fortune o’er a-frefh.
I’ll wave my title to thy flefh. Hudilras, p. i»
5. Criminal 3 offending. A low Word*
If they take them tardy, they endeavour to humble them
by way of reprlzal : thofe flips and mifmanagements are
ufually ridiculed. Collier on Pride.
To Ta'rdy. v. a. \tarder, Fr. from the adjedtive.J To de¬
lay 5 to hinder.
I chofe
Camillo for the minifler, to poifon
My friend Polixenes 3 which had been done,
But that the good mind of Camillo tardied
My fwift command. Shakfp. Winter's Tale.
Tare. n.f. [from teeren, Dutch, to confume. Skinner.] A
weed that grows among corn.
Through hatred of tares the corn in the field of God is
plucked up. Hooker, b. v.
The liberal contributions fuch teachers met with ferved to
invite more labourers, where their feed time was their harveft, and by fowing tares they reaped gold. Decay ofPiety.
My country neighbours begin not to think of being in ge¬
neral, which is being abftra&ed from all its inferior fpecies,
before they come to think of the fly in their fheep, or the
tares in their corn. Locke.
TARE, n.f [French.] A mercantile word denoting the weight
of any thing containing a commodity 3 alfo the allowance
made for it.
Tare, preterite of tear.
The women beat their breafts, their cheeks they tare.
Dryden.
Targe. 7 n.f [tapja, Saxon 3 targe, Italian ; targe, French ;
Target. ) tarian, Welfh, which feems the original of the
reft 3 an taargett, Erfe.] A kind of buckler or fhield born on
the left arm. It feems to be commonly ufed for a defenfive
weapon lefs in circumference than a fhield.
Glancing on his helmet made a large
And open gafh therein, were not his targe
That broke the violence. pa. Qu.
I took all their
Seven points in my target. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Henceforward will I bear
Upon my target three fair fhining funs. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
The arms fhe ufeth moft is the target to fhroud herfelf un¬
der, and fence away the blow. Howel's England's Tears.
Thofe leaves
They gather’d, broad as Amazonian targe.
2.6 D
Milton.
The
TAR T A S
The Greeks the gates approach’d, their targets cafi
Over their heads, feme fealing ladders plac’d
Againft the walls. • Derham.
ta'rcu^ n.f. [.Dvnn] A paraphrafe on the pentateuch
in the Chaldee language.
Ta'rief. n.f [perhaps a Spanifh word; tarff, hr.] A car¬
tel of commerce.
This branch of our trade was regulated by a tariff\ or de¬
claration of the duties of import and export. Addifon.
Tarn, n.f [tiorti, Iflandick.] A bog; a fen; a marfh; a
'pool ; a quagmire.
To Ta'rNISH. v. a. [ternir, French.] To fully; to foil; to
make not bright.
Let him pray for refolution, that he may difeover nothing
that may diferedit the caufe, tarnijh the glory, and weaken
the example of the fuffering. Collier.
Low waves the rooted foreH, vex’d, and fheds
What of its tarnijh'd honours yet remain. Thomfon.
To Ta'rnish. v. n. To lofe brightnefs.
If a fine obje<£l Hiould tarnijh by having a great many fee
it, or the mufick fhould run moftly into one man’s ears,
thefe fatisfadlions would be made inclofure. Collier of Envy.
Tarpa'wling. n.f [from tar.']
1. Hempen cloath fmeered with tar.
Some the gall’d ropes with dauby marling bind,
Or fearcloth mails with ftrong tarpawling coats. Dryden.
2. A iailor in contempt.
Was any thing wanting to the extravagance of this age,
hut the making a living tarpawlin and a fwa’ober the hero of
a tragedy. Dennis.
Ta'rragon. n.f A plant called herb-dragon.
Ta'rriance. n.f [from tarry.] Stay; delay; perhaps fojourn.
Difpatch me hence:
Come, anfwer not; but do it prefently,
I am impatient of my tarriance. Shakefpeare.
Ta^RRIER. n.f. [This Ihould be written terrier, from terre,
French, the earth.]
1. A fort of fmall dog, that hunts the fox or otter out of his hole.
The fox is earthed; but I (hall fend my two farriers in
after him. Dryden.
2. One that tarries or flays.
To Ta'rry. v. n. [targir, French.]
K To flay; to continue in a place.
Tarry I here, I but attend on death j
But fly I hence, I fly away from life. Shakefpeare.
2. To delay ; to be long in coming.
Thou art my deliverer, make no tarrying, O God. Pfal.
Who hath woe and rednefs of eyes ? they that tarry long
at the wine. Prov. xxiii. 30.
* Tarry ye here for us until we come again. Exod. xxiv. 14.
I yet am tender, young, and full of fear,
' And dare not die, but fain would tarry here. Dryden.
To Ta'rry. v. a. To wait for.
I will go drink with you, but I cannot tarry dinner. Shak.
Ta'rSEL. n.f A kind of hawk.
Hill! Romeo, hifl ! O for a falkner’s voice ;
‘To lure this tarfel gentle back again. Shakefpeare.
• A falc’ner Henry is, when Emma hawks;
With her of tarfels and of lures he talks. Prior.
Ta'rsus. n.f. [In anatomy; tarfe, Fr.] The fpace betwixt
the lo-wer end of the focil bones of the leg, and the beginning of
the.five long bones that are jointed with, and bear up, the toes:
it comprifes feVen bones and the three ofia cuneiformia. Dift.
An obfeure motion, where the conjun&ion is called fynanthrofis ; as, in joining the tarfus to the metatarfus. JViJeman.
Tart. adj. [rcajvc, Saxon; taertig, Dutch.]
1. Sour; acid; acidulated; fharp cf tafle.
2. Sharp ; keen ; fevere.
Why fo tart a favour
To trumpet fuch good tidings ? Shakefpeare.
When his humours grew tart, as being now in the lees of
favour, they brake forth into certain fudden exceffes. JFotton.
Tart. n.f. [tarte, French; tarta, Italian; taart, Danifh;
A fmall pie of fruit.
Figures, with divers coloured earths, under the windows
of the houfe on that fide near which the garden Hands, be
but toys ; you may fee as good fights in tarts. Bacon s Effays.
Ta'rtane. n. J. fartana, Italian; tartane, Fr.] A veflel
much uled in the Mediterranean, with one mail and a threecornered fail.
I let out from Marfeilles to Genoa in a tartane, and ar¬
rived late at a fmall French port called Caflis. Addifon.
Tartar, n.f [tartarus, Lat.]
j. Hell. A word ufed by the old poets, now obfolcte.
With this the damned gholls he governeth,
And furies rules, and tartare tempereth. Spcnfer.
He’s in tartar limbo worfe than hell;
A devil in an everlafiing garment hath him,
One whofe hard heart is button’d up with [[cel. Shakefp.
2. [Tartrc, hr.] Tartar is what Hicks to wine calks, like a hard
Hone, either white or red, as the colour of the wine from
whence it comes : the white is preferable, as containing lefs
drofs or earthy parts : the befi conies from Germany, and is
thd tartar of the rhenifh wine. Quincy.
The fermented juice of grapes is partly turned into liquid
drops or Ices, and partly into that cruH or dry feculency that
is commonly called tartar; and this tartar may by the fire
be divided into five differing fubHances, four of which are
not acid, arid the other not lo manifeftly acid as the tartar
itfelf. Boyle.
I arta'rean. adj. [tartarus, Lat.] Hellilh.
His throne mix’d with tartarean fulphun RTilton.
Tarta'reous. n.f. [from tartar.]
1. ConfiHing of tartar.
In fruits, the tartareous parts of the fap are thrown upon
the fibres defigned for the Hone, and the oily upon the feed
within it. Crew's Cofmol.
2. Hellilh.
The fpirit of God downward purg’d
The black tartareous cold infernal dregs,
Adverfe to life. Miltoh.
To Ta'rtarize. v. a. [from tartar.] To impregnate with
tartar.
Ta'rTarotjs. adj. [from tartar.] Containing tartar; confifiing of tartar.
Ta'rtly. adv. [from tart-.]
1. Sharply; fourly ; with acidity.
2. Sharply; with poignancy; with feverity<
Seneca, an ingenious and fententious writer, was by Ca¬
ligula called arena fine calce, fand without lime. JVulker.
3. With fournefs of afpecl.
How tartly that gentleman looks !
—He is of a very melancholy difpofition. Shakefpearei.
Ta'rtness. n.f. [from tart.]
1. Sharpnefs ; fournefs ; acidity.
Of thefe fweets put in three gallons, more or lefs, into an
hogfhead, as the tartnefs of your cyder requires. Mortimer.
2. Sournefs of temper ; poignancy of language.
They cannot be too fweet for the king’s tartnefs. Shakefp.
Task. n.f. [tafchc, French; tajfa, Italian.]
1. Something to be done impofed by another.
Relieves me from my tafk of fervile toil
Daily in the common prifon elfe enjoin’d me. Milt/Di.
2. Employment; bufinels.
His mental powers were equal to greater tafks. Afterbury.
No happier tafk thefe faded eyes purfue.
To read and weep is all they now can do. Pope.
3. To Take to tafk. To reprove ; to reprimand.
A holy man took a foldier to tafk upon the fubje£l of his
profeflion. L'EJlrange.
He tjifeovered fome remains of his nature when he met
with a foot-ball, for which Sir Roger took him to tafk. Addif
To Task. v. a. [tafeu, Welfh, or from the noun.] To bur¬
then with fomething to be done.
He depos’d the king.
Soon after that depriv’d him of his life.
And, in the neck of that, tafk'd the whole Hate. Shakefp.
Forth he goes.
Like to a harveflman, that’s tafk'd to mow.
Or all, or lofe his hire. ' Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Some things of weight,
That tafk our thoughts, concerning us and France. Shak.
I have drunk but one cup to-night, and that was craftily
qualified too ; and behold whdt innovation it makes here. I
am unfortunate in the infirmity, and dare not tafk my weaknefs with any more. Shakefp. Othello.
Divert thy thoughts at home,
There tafk thy maids, and exercife the loom. Dryden.
Ta'sker. ln-f \tajk and majler.] One who impofes
Taskmaster. S tafks.
All is, if I have grace to ufe it fo.
As ever in my great tafkmajler s eye. Milton.
The fervice of fin is perfect flavery ; and he who will pay
obedience to the commands of- it, (hall find it an unreason¬
able tafkmajler, and an unmeafurable exadlor. South.
Hear, ye fullen powers below ;
Hear, ye tajkers of the dead. Dryden and Lee.
Ta'ssel. n.f. [tajfe, French; tajfellus, low Latin.] An orna¬
mental bunch of filk, or glittering fubHances.
Then took the lquire an horn of bugle fmall.
Which hung adown his fide in twilled gold.
And taffels gay. Fairy Queen, b. i.
Their heads are tricked with taffels and flowers.
Ta'ssel. ) / An hc b
1 a'zel. i J
Ta'sseled. adj. [from taJJ'el.] Adorned with taflels.
Early ere the odorous breath of morn
Awakes the flumb’ring leaves-, or taffcfd horn
Shakes the high thicket, hafle I all about.
Ta'sses. n.f Armour for the thighs.
Ta'stable. adj. That may be tailed ; favour;'.,
Their difiilled oils are fluid, volatile and tajlaulc. Bcye.
To Taste, v.a. [tajler, to try, French.]
To perceive and difiingUifh by the palate. _ .
The ruler of the feafi tqjled the water made wine. John n.
To try by the mouth ; to eat at leaft in a imall quantity.
Bold deed to tajle it under ban to touch. Milton.
4. 3> To
Sandys.
A'mf
Milton.
. Alnfrelifhing.
I.
2.
T A S T A V
- To cffay firft.
Rofcetes was feldom permitted to eat any other meat but
fuch as the prince before tajled of. Knolles.
'Lhou and I marching before oiir troops
May tajle fate to them, mow them out a pafTage. Dryden.
4. To feel; to have perception of.
He fhould tajle death for every man. Heb. ii. 9.
To Taste, v. n.
1. To try by the mouth to eat.
Of this tree we may not tajle nor touch. Milton.
2. To have a fmack ; to produce on the palate a particular fenfation.
When the mouth is out of tafie, it maketh things tajle
bitter and loathfome, but never fweet. Bacon''s Nat. Hijl.
When kine feed upon wild garlick, their milk tajleth of
it. Bacon.
If your butter tajtes of hrafs, it is your mailer’s fault, who
will not allow a filver faucepan. Swift.
3. To diflinguilh intellectually.
Scholars when good feiife deferibing,
Call it tajling and imbibing. Swift.
4. To reliih mtelle&ually; to approve.
Thou, Adam, wilt tajle no pleafure. Milton.
5. To be tinCtured, or receive fome quality or character.
Ev’ry idle, nice, and wanton reafon
Shall, to the king, tajle of this aCtiom Shahefpeare.
6. To try the reliih of any thing.
The body’s life with meats and air is fed.
Therefore the foul doth ufe the tajling pow’r
In veins, which through the tongue and palate fpread,
Diltinguilh ev’ry reliih fweet and fouri Navies.
To have perception of.
Cowards die many times before their deaths ;
The valiant never tajle of death but once. Shahefpeare.
The tajling of death touched the righteous alfo, and there
was a deltruCtion of the multitude in the wildernefs. Wijd.
8. To take enjoyment.
What hither brought us ? hot hope here to tajle
Of pleafure. Milton.
Of nature’s bounty men forbore to tajle,
And the bell portion of the earth lay wafte; Waller.
9. To enjoy fparingly.
This fiery game your adive youth maintain’d,
Not yet by years extinguilh’d, though rellrain’d ;
You feafon Hill with fports your ferious hours.
For age but tajles of pleafures, youth devours. Dryden.
Taste, n. f. [from the verb.J
I.The aCt of tailing ; guftation.
Bell of fruits, whofe tajle gave elocution. Milton.
2.The fenfe by which the reliih of any thing on the palate is
perceived.
Bees delight more in one flower than another, and there¬
fore have tajle. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Delicacies of tajle, fight, fmell. Milton.
The tardy plants in our cold orchards plac’d,
Referve their fruit for the next age’s tajle. Waller.
'.nfibility; perception.
I have almoft forgot the tajle of fears :
The time has been, my fenfes would have cool’d
To hear a night fhriek. , Shakefp. Macbeth.
Mufick in the clofe,
As the lall tajle of fweets is fweetell lall. Shakefp. R.'II.
4. That fenfation which all things taken into the mouth give
particularly to the tongue, the papillae of which are the prin¬
cipal inllruments hereof. Jjuincy.
Manna was like coriander feed, white; and the tajle of it
was like wafers made with honey. Exod. xvi. 31.
Though there be a great variety of tajles^ yet, as in fmells,
they have only fome few general names. Locke.
5. IntelleClual reliih or difeernment.
Seeing they pretend no quarrel at other pfalms which are
in like manner appointed to be daily read, why do thefe fo
much offend and difpleafe their tajles ? Hooker.
Sion’s fongs to all true tajles excelling.
Where God is prais’d aright. Milton.
I have no tajle
Of popular applaufe. Dryden's Spanijh Friar.
As he had no tajle of true glory, we fee him equipped like
an Hercules, with a club and a lion’s fkin. Addfon.
‘This metaphor would not have been fo general, had there
not been a conformity between the mental tajle and that fenfitive talle which gives us a reliih of every flavour. Addfon.
Your way of life, in my tajle, will be the bell. Pope.
I fee how ill a tajle for wit and fenfe prevails in the world.
Swift.
Pleafure refults from a fenfe to difeern, and a tajle to be
affeCted with beauty. > Seed’s Sermons.
6. An eflay; a trial; an experiment. Not in ufe.
I hope, for my brother’s juftification, he wrote as an elfay
or tajle of my virtue. Shakefpeare.
7. A fmall portion given as a fpecimen.
They thought it not fafe to rcfolve, till they had a tajle of
the people’s inclination. Bacon’s Henry VII.
v
Befides the prayers mentioned, I fhall give only a tajle of,
fome few recommended to devout perfons in the manuals and
offices. Stillingfleet.
Ta'sted. adj. [from tajle.] Having a particular reliih.
Coleworts profper exceedingly, and are better tajled, if
watered with fait water. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 460.
Ta'ster. n.f. [tajleur, Fr. from tajle.]
1. One who takes the firft effay of food.
Fair hope ! our earlier heav’n ! by thee
Young time is tajler to eternity. . Crajhaw.
Says the fly, Are not all places open to me ? Am not I
the tajler to princes in all their entertainments. L Ejlrangt.
Thy tutor be thy tajler, ere thou eat,
There’s poifon in thy drink, and in thy meat. Dryden.
2. A dram cup. ( Ainf.
Ta'steful. adj. [tajle and full.] High relifhed; favoury.
Not tajleful herbs that in thefe gardens rife,
Which the kind foil with milky fap fupplies,
Can move.... Pope.
Ta'steless. adj. [from tajle.]
i; Having no power of perceiving talle.
2. Having no reliih or power of llimulating the palate; in-
. fipid.
By depurating chemical oils, and reducing them to an ele¬
mentary fimplicity, they cOuld never be made tajlelefs. Boyk.
3. Having no power of giving pleafure ; inlipid.
The underllanding cannot, by its natural light, difeover
fpiritual truths ; and the corruption of our will and afleCtions
renders them tajlelefs and infipid to us. Rogers’s Serm.
4. Having no intellectual gull.
If by his manner of writing he is heavy and tajlelefs, I
throw afide his criticifms. Addfon s Sped!.
Ta'stelessness. n.f [from tajlelefs.]
1. Infipidity ; want of reliih.
2. Want of perception of talle.
3. Want of intelieClual reliih.
To Ta'tter. v. a. [rotaspan, Saxon.] To tear; to rend ; to
make ragged. Tattered is perhaps more properly an adjeCtive.
Through tatter’d cloaths fmall vices do appear.
Robes and furr’d gowns hide all. Shakefp. King Lear.
An apothecary late I noted
In tatter'd weeds, with overwhelming brows.
Culling of fimples.- Shakefp. Rome and Juliet.
Where wav’d the tatter’d enfigns of Ragfair;
A yawning ruin hangs. Pope.
In the land of liberty little tyrants rag’d.
Tore from cold wintry limbs the tatter’d weed. Thcmfort».
Ta'tter. n.f. [from the verb.] A rag; a fluttering rag.
This fable holds from him that fits upon the throne, to
the poor devil that has fcarce a tatter. . L’EJlrange.
Tatterdema'lion. n.f. [tatter and / know not what.] A
ragged fellow.
As a poor fellow was trudging along in a bitter cold morn¬
ing with never a rag, a fpark that was warm clad called to
this tatterdemalion, how he could endure this weather?
L’Ejlrange.
To Ta'ttle. v.n. [tateren, Dutch.] To prate; to talk idly ;
to ufe many words with little meaning.
He Hands on terms of honourable mind,
Ne will be carried with every common wind
Of court’s inconftant mutability,
Ne after every tattling fable fly. Hubbcrd's Tale.
The one is too like an image, and fays nothing ; and the
other too like my lady’s eldefl fon, evermore tattling. Shak.
Excule it by the tattling quality of age, which is always
narrative. Dryden.
The world is forward enough to tattle of them. Locke.
Their language is extremely proper to tattle in; it is made
up of fo much repetition and compliment. Addfon.
Ta'ttle. n.f. [from the verb.] Prate; idle chat; trifling
talk.
They afked her, how fhe lik’d the play ?
Then told the tattle of the day. Szvift’s Mifccl,
Such tattle often entertains
My lord and me. Swift.
A young academick lhall dwell upon trade and politicks in
a dictatorial flile, while at the fame time perfons well fkilled
in thole different fubjeCls hear the impertinent tattle with a
juft contempt. Watts's Improvement of the MiriJ.
Ta'ttler. n.f. [from tattle.] An idle talker ; a prater.
Going from houfe to houfe, tatlers, bufy bodies, which
are the canker and ruft of idlenefs, as idlenefs is the ruft of
time, are reproved by the apoftle. Taylor.
Tattoo, n.f. [perhaps from tapotez tous, Fr. to flrike.] The
beat of drum by which foldiers are warned to their quarters.
All thofe whofe hearts are loofe and low,
Start if they hear but the talto. Prior.
Ta'vern. n.f [taverne, Fr. taberna, Latin.] A houfe where
wine is fold, and drinkers are entertained.
Enquire at London, ’mong the taverns there;
For there they fay he daily doth frequent,
With unreftrained loofe companions. Shakefp. Rich. II.
You
I
TAW
You fhall be called to no more payments; fear no mom
tavern bills, which are often the- fadnefs of parting, as the
procuring of mirth. Shakefpcare's Cymbeline.
To reform the vices of this town, all taverns and alehoufes
fhould be obliged to difmifs their company by twelve at night,
and no woman fuffered to enter any tavern or alfehoufe. Sw.
Ta'verner.. 1 n.f [from tavern man or keep ; tabernaTa'vernkeeper. C riusy Latin; tavcrnicr, French.] One
Ta'vernman. j who keeps a tavern.
After local names, the moft in number have been derived
from occupations; as tailor, archer, taverner. Camden.
Taught, preterite and part, paflive of teach.
All thy children fhall be taught of the Lord. Ifa. liv. 13.
How haft thou fatisfy’d me, taught to live. Milton.
To Taunt, v. a. [tanfer, Fr. Skinner. Tanden, Dutch, to
fhew teeth. Minjhew.]
1. To reproach; to infult; to revile; to ridicule; to treat
with infolence and contumelies.
When I had at my pleafure-farmtaf her.
She in mild terms begg’d my patience. Shakefpcare.
The bitternefs and ftings of taunting jealoufy,
Vexatious days, and jarring joylefs nights.
Have driv’n him forth. Rowe's Jane Shore.
2. To exprobrate; to mention with upbraiding.
Rail thou in Fulvia’s phrafe, and taunt my faults
With fuch full licence* Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Taunt, n.f. [from the verb.] Infult; feoff; reproach; ridi¬
cule.
With feoffs and fcorns, and contumelious taunts,
In open market-place produc’d they me.
To be a publick fpe&acle. Shakefp. Henry VI.
He would avoid fuch bitter taunts,
As in the time of death he gave our father. Shakefpeare.
Julian thought it more effectual to perfecute the Chriftians
by taunts and ironies, than by tortures. Gov. of the Tongue.
He by vile hands to common ufe debas’d,
Shall fend them flowing round his drunken feaft.
With facrilegious taunt, and impious jeft. Prior.
Ta'unter. n.f. [from taunt.~\ One who taunts, reproaches,
or infults.
Ta'untingly. adv. [from taunting.] With infult; fcoffingly;
with contumely and exprobration.
It tauntingly replied
To th’ difeontented members, th’ mutinous parts,
• . That envied his receipt. Shakefp. Conolanttsi
The wanton goddefs view’d the warlike maid
From head to foot, and tauntingly fhe faid. Prior.
Taurico'rnous. adj. [taurus and cornu, Latin.] Having
horns like a bull.
Their deferiptions muft be relative, or the tauricornous
picture of the one the fame with the other. Brown.
Tautolo'gical. adj. [tautologique, Fr. from tautology.'] Re¬
peating the fame thing.
TautoTogist. n.f. [from tautology.] One who repeats tediouflyr.
TAUTO'LOGY. n.f. [roiv\o\o'yloc; tautologies Fr. rotZro
and \oy<&.] Repetition of the fame words, or of the fame
fenfe in different words.
All fcience is not tautology; the laft ages have (hewn us,
what antiquity never faw, in a dream. Glanville's Scepf.
Saint Andre’s feet ne’er kept more equal time.
Not ev’n the feet of thy own Pfyche’s rhime ;
Though they in numbers as in fenfe excel.
So juft, fo like tautology, they fell. Dryden.
Every paper addreffed to our beautiful incendiaries, hath
been filled with different confiderations, that enemies may
not accufe me of tautology. Addifon's Freeholder.
To Taw. v. a. [toiaven, Dutch; tajuan, Saxon.] To drefs
white leather commonly called alum leather, in contradiftinction from tan leather, that which is dreffed with bark.
Taw. n.f. A marble to play with.
Trembling I’ve feen thee
Mix with children as they play’d at taw;
Nor fear the marbles as they bounding flew,
Marbles to them, but rolling rocks to you. Swift.
Ta'wdriness. n.f. [from tawdry.] Tinfel finery; finery too
oftentatious.
A clumfy beau makes his ungracefulnefs appear the more
ungraceful by his tawdrinefs of drefs. Clarijfa.
Ta'wdry. adj. [from Stawdrey, Saint Awdrey, or SaintEtheldred, as the things bought at Saint Etheldred’s fair. Hen-
/haw, Skinner.] Meanly (hewy; fplendid without coft; fine
without grace ; fliewy without elegance. It is ufed both of
things and of perfons wearing them.
Bind your fillets faft.
And gird in your wafte,
For more linenefs, with a tawdrie lace. Spenfer s Pafl.
He has a kind of coxcomb upon his crown, and a few
tawdry feathers. iSEjlrange.
Old Romulus and father Mars look down,
Your herdfman primitive, your homely clown,
Is turn’d a beau in a loofc tawdry gown. Dryden's Juv. 1
TEA
He rails from morning to night at effenced fops and tawdry
courtiers. Addifon's Spcfl. N*. 12#
Her eyes were wan and eager, her drefs thin and tawdry,
her mien genteel and childifh. Addifon’s Speed.
Ta'wer. n.f [from taw.] A dreffer of white leather.
Ta'wny. adj. [tane, tanne, Fr.] Yellow, like things tanned.
This child of fancy that armado hight,
For interim to our ftudies (hall relate,
In high born words, the worth of many a knight
From tawny Spain, loft in the world’s debate. Shakefpeare.
Eurus his body muft be drawn the colour of the tawny
Moor, upon his head a red fun. Peacham.
The taumy lion pawing to get free. Milton.
Whilft they make the river Senaga to bound the Moors,
fo that on the fouth fide they are black, on the other only
tawny, they feem not to derive it from the fun. Brown.
Where’s the worth that fets this people up
Above your own Numidia’s tawny fons ! Addifon's Cato.
Tax. n.f. [tdfg, Welfh; taxe, French; taxe, Dutch.]
1. An import ; a tribute impofed ; an excife : a tallage.
He fays Horace, being the fon of a tax gatherer or collec¬
tor, fmells everywhere of the meannefs of his birth. Dryden.
With wars and taxes others wafte their own.
And houfes burn, and houfhold gods deface.
To drink in bowls which glittering gems enchafe. Dryden.
The tax upon tillage was two (hillings in the pound in ara¬
ble land, and four in plantations: this tax was often levied
in kind upon corn, and called decumze or tithes. Arbuthnot,
2. [Taxo, Lat.] Charge; cenfure.
He could not without grief of heart, and without fome tax
upon himfelf and his minifters for the not executing the laws,
look upon the bold licence of fome pamphlets. Clarendon.
To Tax. v. a. [taxer, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To load with imports.
Jehoiakim gave the filver and gold to Pharaoh, but he taxed
the land to give the money. 2 Kings xxiii. 35.
2. [Taxo, Lat.] To charge ; to cenfure; to accufe. It has of
or with before the fault imputed, and is ufed both of perfons
and things.
How many hath he killed ? I promifed to eat all of his
killing.-Niece, you tax fignior Benedick too much; but
he’ll be meet with you. Shakefpeare.
I am notjuftly to be taxed with any prefumption for med¬
dling with matters wherein I have no dealing. Raleigh.
Tax not divine difpofal, wifeft men
Have err’d, and by bad women been deceiv’d. Milton.
They cannot tax others omiflions towards them without a
tacit reproach of their own. Decay ofPiety.
He taxed not Homer nor Virgil for interefting their gods
in the wars of Troy and Italy ; neither would he have taxed
Milton for his choice of a fupernatural argument. Dryden.
Mens virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed
their crimes. Dryden.
He call’d him back aloud, and tax'd his fear ;
And fure enough he heard, but durft not hear. Dryden.
Like fome rich and mighty murderer.
Too great for prifon which he breaks with gold.
Who frefher for new mifehief does appear.
And dares the world to tax him with the old. Dryden.
If this be chance, it is extraordinary ; and I dare not call
it more, for fear of being taxed with fuperftition. Dryden.
If he taxes both of long delay.
My guilt is lefs, who fooner came away. Dryden.
This falutation cannot be taxed with flattery, fince it was
dire&ed to a prince, of whom it had been happy for Rome if
he had never been born, or if he had never died. Addifon.
Ta'xable. adj. [from tax.] That may be taxed.
Taxa'tion. n.f. [taxation, Fr. taxatio, Lat. from tax.]
j. The a£t of loading with taxes; import; tax.
The fubjedls could tafte no fweeter fruits of having a king
than grievous taxations to fome vain purpofes ; laws made ra¬
ther to find faults than to prevent faults. Sidney, b. ii.
I bring no overture of war, no taxation of homage ; my
words are as full of peace as matter. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
He daily fuch taxations did exa£t.
As were againft the order of the ftate. Daniel.
Various news I heard.
Of old mifmanagements, taxations new ;
All neither wholly falfe, nor wholly true. Pope.
2. Accufation; fcandal.
My father’s love is enough, to honour ; fpeak no more of
him, you’ll be whipt for taxation one of thefe days. Shakefp.
Ta'xer. n.f. [from tax.] He who taxes.
Thefe rumours begot fcandal againft the king, taxing him
for a great taxer of his people. Bacon s Henry VII.
Tea. n.f [a word, I fuppofe, Chinefe; the, Fr.] A Chinefc
plant, of which the infufion has lately been much drunk in
Europe.
The mufes friend, tea, does our fancy aid,
Reprefs thofe vapours which the head invade. Waller.
One
TEA Tea
One has a defign of keeping an open tea table. Addifohx
I have filled a tea pot, and received a difh of it. Addijon.
He (wept down a dozen tea difhes. Spectatoi.
Nor will you encourage the common tea table talk. Spcft.
Green leaves of tea contain a narcotick juice, which exudes
by roafting: this is performed with great care before it is eXpofed to fale. Arbutbnot on Aliments.
Here living tea pot flands 3 one arm held out*
One bent; the handle this, and that the (pout. Pope.
The miftrefs of the tea (hop may give half an ounce, Sw.
The fear of being thought pedants hath taken many young
divines off from their feverer ftudies,which they have exchang¬
ed for plays, in order to qualify them for tea tables. Swift.
When yoti fweep, never flay to pick up tea fpoons. Swift.
To Teach, v. a. preter. and part. paff. taught, fometimes
teached, which is now obfolete. [taecan, Sax.J
1. To inftrubt; to inform.
The Lord will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in
his paths. Ijd. ii. 3*
Teach us by what means to fhun
Th’ inclement feafons. Milton.
2. To deliver any doctrine or art, or words to be learned.
Mofes wrote this fong, and taught it. Deut. xxxi. 22*
In vain they worfhip me, teaching for doctrines the com¬
mandments of men. Mat. xv. 9,
They teach all nations what of him they learn’d. Milton.
3. To fhow3 to exhibit fo as to imprefs upon the mind.
He is a good divine that follows his own inflections 3 I
can eafier teach twenty what were good to be done, than to
be one of the twenty to follow my own teaching. Shakefp.
If fome men teach wicked things, it muff be that others
fhould pra&ife them. South's Sermons4
4. To tell; to give intelligence.
Hufwives are teached, inftead of a clocke,
How winter night paffeth by crowing of cocke. Tujferi
To Teach, v. n. To perform the office of an inftrudton
I have labour’d.
And with no little ffudy, that my teaching,
And the ftreng courfe of my authority,
Might go one way. Shakefpectre.
I am too fudden bold
To teach 3 a teacher ill befeemeth me. Shakefpeare.
The heads judge for reward, the priefts teach for hire, and
the prophets divine for money. Mic. iii. 11.
Te'achable. adj. [from teach.] Docile 3 fufeeptive of inftruction.
We ought to bring our minds free, unbiaffed, and teach¬
able to learn our religion from the word of God. IVatts.
Teachableness, n.f. [from teachable.} Docility 3 willingnefs to learn 3 capacity to learn.
Te'acher. n.f. [from teach.]
1. One who teaches 3 an inftru&or ; preceptor.
Nature is no fufficient teacher what we (hould do that may
attain unto life everlafting. Hooker, b. ii.
I went into the temple, there to hear
The teachers of our law, and to propole
What might improve my knowledge or their own. Milton.
Thefe were notions born with us 3 fuch as we were taught
without the help of a teacher. South's Sermons.
Imperious with a teacher’s air,
Boaftful he claims a right to wifdom’s chair. Blackmore.
2. One who without regular ordination affumes the miniftry.
Diffenting teachers are under no incapacity of accepting
civil and military employments. . Swift.
3. A preacher 5 one who is to deliver do&rine to the people.
For the choice of a governor more fufficient, the teachers
in all the churches affembled themfelves. Raleigh.
Wolves (hall fucceed for teaches. M.lton.
He may teach his diocefe who ceafes to be able to preach
to it 5 for he may do it by appointing teachers, and by a
vigilant exacting from them the inftrudtion of their flocks.
South.
Tead or tede. n.f. [terda, Lat.] A torch 3 a flambeau. Not
in ufe.
A bufhy tead a groom did light,
And facred lamp in fecret chamber hide. Fairy ffiecn.
Hymen is awake,
And long fince ready from his mafic to move,
With his bright tead that flames with many a.flake.
Spenfer’s Epithalamium,
Teague, n.f. A name of contempt ufed for an Irifhman.
Teal. n.f. [teelingh, Dutch.] A wild fowl.
Some ferve for food to us, and fome but to feed themfelves 3
amongft the hrft fort we reckon the dip-chick, coots, teal,
wjgCon> Catew’s Survey of Cornwall.
Team, n.f [temo, the team of a carriage, Latin 3 -cyme,
Saxon, a yoke.]
I* A number of horfes or oxen drawing at once the fame car¬
riage.
Thee a ploughman all unweeting found,
As he his toilfome team that way did guide,
And brought thee up in ploughman’s (fate to bide* F.
We fairies that do run
By the triple Hecate’s team.
From the prefence of the fun,
Following darknefs like a dream,
Now are frolick. Shakefp. Midfukimer Night's Dream.
Making fuch difference betwixt wake and deep,
As is the difl’rence betwixt day and night.
The hour before the heav’nly harnefs d team
Begins his golden progrefs in the Laft. Shakefp. Henry IV.
I am in love ; but a team of horfe fhall not pluck that from
line, nor who ’tis I love. Shakefpeare.
After the declining fun
Had chang’d the fliadows, and their talk was done,
Home with their weary team they took their way. Rofcom.
He heav’d with more than human force to move
A weighty ftone, the labour of a team. Dryden.
In ftiff clays they may plow one acre of wheat with a
team of horfe. Mortimer s Hufb.
2. Any number palling in a line.
Like a long team of fnowy fwans on high,
Which clap their wings, and cleave the liquid fky. Dryden.
Tear. n.f. [ea in this word is pronounced ee 3 reap, Saxon 3
taare, Danifh.]
I; The water which violent paffion forces from the eyes.
She comes ; and I’ll prepare
My tear ftain’d eyes to fee her miieries; Shakefpeare..
The pretty vaulting lea refus’d to drown me.
Knowing, that thou would’ft have me drown’d on fhore
With tears as fait as fea, through thy unkindnefs. Shak.
Cromwell, I did not think to fhed a tear
In all my miferies 3 but thou haft forc’d me.
Lets dry our eyes. Shakefpeare's Henry VIIL
Tears are the effedts of comprelfion of the moifture of the
brain upon dilation of the fpirits. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
She filently a gentle tear let fall. Alilton.
2. Any moifture trickling in drops.
Let Araby extol her happy coaft,
Her fragrant flow’rs, her trees with precious tears,
Henfecond harvefts. Dryden.
Tear. n.f. [from the verb.] A rent; a fiffure.
To Tear. pret. tore, anciently tare, part, paff torn 3 [tjep.an,
Saxon 3 tara, SwTedifh.]
1. To pull in pieces 3 to lacerate 3 to rend 3 to feparate by vio¬
lent pulling.
Come feeling night.
And with thy bloody and inviiible hand
Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond
Which keeps me pale. Sbakcfpi Macbeth.
The one went out from me 3 and I faid, Surely he is torn
in pieces, and I faw him not fince. Gen. xliv. 28.
John tore off lord Strutt’s fervants cloaths : now and therl
they came home naked. Arbuthnot’s Hijl. of John Bull.
AmbaffadorS fent to Carthage were like to be torn to pieces
by the populace. Arbuthnot.
2. To laniate 3 to wound with any fharp point drawn along.
Old with duft deform’d their hoary hair.
The women beat their breafts, their cheeks they tare. Shak.
Neither fhall men tear themfelves for them in mourning td
comfort them for the dead; Jer. xvi. 7.
3. To break by violence.
In the midft a tearing groan did break
The name of Antony. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
As ftorms the Ikies, and torrents tear the ground.
Thus rag’d the prince, and fcatter’d death around. Dryden.
Blufh rather, that you are a Have to paffion.
Which, like a whirlwind, tears up all your virtues,
And gives you not the leifure to confider. A. Philips.
4. To divide violently ; to Ihatter.
Is it not as much reafon to fay, that God deftroys fatherly
authority, when he fuffers one in poffeffion of it to have his
government torn in pieces, and Ihared by his fubjedts. Locke.
5. To pull with violence 3 to drive violently.
He roar’d, he beat his breaft, he tore his hair. Dryden.
From harden’d oak, or from a rock’s cold womb,
At leaft thou art from fome fierce tygrefs come 3
Or on rough feas froln their foundation torn.
Got by the winds, and in a tempeft born; Dryden.
6. To take away by fudden violence.
Solyman
Rhodes and Buda from the Chiiftians tore. JVallcr.
The hand of fate
Has torn thee from me, and I muft forget thee. Addifen.
To Tear. v.n. [tieren, Dutch.] To fume 3 to rave 3 to rant
turbulently.
All men tranfported into outrages for fmall trivial matters,
fall under the inuendo of this bull, that ran tearing mad for
the pinching of a moufe. L’Eflrange’s Fables»
Te'arer. n.f [from to tear.] He who fends or tears.
1 e'arfalling. adj. [tear -Andfall.] Tender 3 fhedding tears*
I am in
So far in blood, that fin will pluck on fin,
Tearfalling pity dwells not in this eye. Shakefpeare.
26 E Te'arful.
ft
TED
Te'arful. adj. [tear full.] Weeping; full of tears.
Is’t meet that he
Should leave the helm, and, like a fearful lad,
With tearful eyes add water to the fea ? Sbakefpeare.
'Ehis clears the cloudy front of wrinkled care,
And drie, the tearful Unices of defpair :
Charm’d with that virtuous draught th exalted mind
All fenfe of woe delivers to the wind. Pope s Odyffey.
On Celadon her eye
Fell tearful, wetting her diforder’d cheek. Thomfon.
To TEASE, v. a. [taepan, Saxon.]
1. To comb or unravel wool or flax.
2. To lcratch cloth in order to level the nap.
3. To torment with importunity; to vex with afliduous imper¬
tinence.
Not by the force of carnal reafon.
But indefatigable teafng. Butler.
My friends always teafe me about him, becaufe he has ,no
eftate. Spectator, N°. 475.
After having been prefent in publick debates, he was teafed
by his mother to inform her of what had palled. AddiJ'on.
We fyftem-makers can luftain
The thefts, which you grant was plain ;
And with remarks and comments teafe ye,
In cafe the thing before was ealy. Prior.
Te'asEL. n.f [taepl, Saxon; dipfacus, Lat.] A plant.
The flower of the teafel hath no proper calyx, but leaves
reprefenting the perianthium encompafling the bottom of the
head : the little flowers which are produced fmgly from be¬
tween the feales, are colleifted into an head fomewhat like a
bee-hive ; thefe are fucceeded by longilh four-cornered feeds:
the fpecies are three : one is called carduus fullonum, and is
of lingular ufe in raiftng the knap upon woollen cloth. Miller.
Te'aser. n.f [from teafe.'] Any thing that torments by incelfant importunity.
A fly buzzing at his ear, makes him deaf to the bell ad¬
vice. If you would have him come to himfelf, you mull
take off his little teafer, which holds his reafon at bay. Collier.
Teat. n.f. [teth, Wellh; Tit, Saxon; tette, Dutqh ; teton,
French.] The dug of a beaft ; anciently the pap of a wo¬
man.
Even at thy teat thou hadft thy tyranny. Sbakefpeare.
Snows caufe a fruitful year, watering the earth better than
rain ; for the earth fucks it as out of the teat. Bacon.
When we perceive that bats have teats, we infer, that they
fuckle their younglings with milk. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
It more pleas’d my fenfe
Than fmell of fweeteft fennel, .or the teats
Of ewe or goat .dropping with milk at even. Milton.
Infants fleep, and are leldom awake but when hunger calls
for the teat. Locke.
The goat, how bright amidft her fellow ftars.
Kind Amalthea, reach’d her teat diftent
With milk, thy early food. \ Prior.
Ee'chily. adv. [from techy.} Peevilhly ; fretfully ; frowardly.
Ee'CHINESs. n.f. [from techy.} Peevilhnefs ; fretfulnefs.
re’chnicAL. adj. [.Tf%tmto'? ; technique, !r..] Belonging to
arts; not in common or popular ufe.
In technical words, or terms of art, they refrain not from
calling the fame fubftance fometimes the lulphur, and fometimes the mercury of a body. Locke.
PE'CHY. adj. Peevilh; fretful; irritable ; eafdy made an¬
gry ; froward.
I cannot come to Creffid but by Pandar,
And he is as techy to be woo’d to wooe,
As Ihe is ftubborn-chafte againft all lute. Sbakefpeare.
When it did tafte the wormwood on the nipple, and felt
it bitter, pretty fool, to fee it techy, and fall out with the
c]u?- _ - Sbakefpeare's Romeo and Juliet.
Tecto'nick. adj. [tsxJovixoV] Pertaining to building. Bailey*
To Ted. v. a. ‘[teaban, Saxon, to prepare.] To lay grafs
newlv mown in rows.
The fmell of grain, .or tedded grafs or kine.
Or dairy, each rural fight, each rural found. Milton.
Hay-makers following the mowers, and calling it abroad,
they call tedding. Mortimer's Hufb.
Prudent his fall’n heaps
Collecting, cheiifh’d with the tepid wreaths
Of tedded grafs, and the fun’s mellowing beams,
Rivall’d with artful heats. . Philips.
Te'dder or tether, n.f. [tudder, Dut. tindt, a rope, Iflandick.]
1. A rope with which a horfe is tied in the field that he may
not pafture too wide. Teigher, Erfe.
2. Any thing by which one is reftrained.
We lived joyfully, going abroad within our tedder. Bacon.
We Ihall have them againft the wall; we know the length
of their tedder, they cannot run far from us. Child.
PE DEUM. n. f. An hymn of the church, fo called from
the tuo firft words of the Latin.
The choir,
With all the choiceft mufick of the kingdom,
Together fung te deum. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Te deum was lung at Saint Paul’s after the victory. Bacon.
TEE
Te'dIous. adj, [tedieux, Fr. teedium, Latin.]
1. Wearilbme by continuance; troublefome ; irkfome.
That I be not further tedious unto thee, hear us of thy
clemency a few words. Adtsxxiv. 4.
'Ehe one intenfe, the other ftill remifs,
Cannot well fuit with either, but foon prove
Tedious alike. Milton.
Pity only on frefh objeCts ftays,
But with the tedious fight of woes decays. Dryden.
2. Wearifome by prolixity.
They unto whom we lhall feem tedious are in nowife in¬
jured by us, becaufe it is in their own hands to fpare that
labour which they are not willing to endure. Hooker, b. i.
3. Slow. Ainf
Chief maftery to difteCt
With long and tedious havock fabled knights. Milton.
Te'diously. adv. [from tedious.] In fuch a manner as to
weary.
Te'diousness. n.f. [from tedious.]
1. Wearifomenefs by continuance.
2. Wearifomenefs by prolixity.
In vain we labour to perfuade them, that any thing can
take away the tedioufnefs of prayer, except it be brought to
the fame meafure and form which themfelves aflign. Hooker.
3. Prolixity; length.
Since brevity’s the foul of wit.
And tedioufnefs the limbs and outward flourifhes,
I will be brief. Shakefp. Hamlet.
4. Unealinefs ; tirefomenefs ; quality of wearying.
In thofe very aCtions whereby we are efpecially perfected
in this life we are not able to perfift; forced we are with very
wearinels, and that often, to interrupt them ; which tediouf¬
nefs cannot fall into thofe operations that are in the ftate of
blifs when our union with God is compleat. Hooker, b. i.
More than kifles, letters mingle fouls,
For thus friends abfent fpeak: this eafe controuls
The tedioufnefs of my life. Donne.
She diftaftes them all within a while;
And in the fweeteft finds a tedioufnefs. Davies.
To Teem. v.n. [team, Saxon, offspring.]
1. To bring young.
If file muft teem,
Create her child of fpleen, that it may live.
And be a thwart dilnatur’d torment to her. Sbakefpeare.
2. To be pregnant; to engender young.
Have we more fons ? or are we like to have ?
Is not my teeming date drunk up with time.
And wilt thou pluck my fair fon from mine age ? Shakefp.
When the rifling Spring adorns the mead.
Teeming buds and cheerful greens appear. Dryden.
There are fundamental truths the bafis upon which a great
many others reft: thefe are teeming truths, rich in ftore, with
which they furnifh the mind, and, like the lights of heaven,
give light and evidence to other things. Locke.
3. To be full; to be charged as a breeding animal.
We live in a nation where there is fcarce a lingle head that
does not teem with politicks. Addijon.
To Teem. v. a.
1. To bring forth ; to produce.
What’s the neweft grief?
Each minute teems a new one. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Common mother, thou
Whofe womb unmeafurable, and infinite breaft.
Teems and feeds all. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
The earth obey’d ; and ftrait
Op’ning her fertile womb, teem'd at a birth
Innumerous living creatures. Milton's Par. Loji, b. vii.
The deluge wrought fuch a change, that the earth did not
then teem forth its increafe, as formerly, of its own accord,
but required culture. JVoodward's Nat. Hijl.
2. To pour A low word, imagined by Skinner to come from
tommen, Danifh, to draw out; to pour. The Scots retain it:
as, teem that water out; hence Swift took this word.
Teem out the remainder of the ale into the tankard, and
fill the glafs with fmall beer. Swift's Directions to the Butler.
Te'emful. adj. [teampul, Saxon.]
2. Pregnant; prolifick.
2. Brimful. Amf.
Tf/emer. n.f. [from teem.] One that brings young.
Te'emless. adj. [from teem.} Unfruitful ; not prolifick.
Such wars, fuch wafte, fuch fiery tracks of dearth,
Their zeal has left, and fuch a tecmlefs earth. Dryden.
Teen. n.f. [tinan, Saxon, to kindle; tenen, Flcmilh> to vex 1
teonan, Saxon, injuries.} Sorrow; grief.
Arrived there
That barchead knight, for dread and doleful teen
Would fain have fled, ne durft approachen near. Fa. §>u.
Fry not in heartlefs grief and doleful teen. Spenjer.
My heart bleeds
To think o’ th’ teene that I have turn’d you to. Shakefp.
Eighty odd years of forrow have I feen,
And each hour’s joy wreck’d with a week of teen. Shak.
6 ' To
TEL T E M
To Teen. v. a. [from tinan, to kindle, Saxon.] To excite;
to provoke to do a thing. Spenfer.
Teens, n.f [from teen for ten.} '1 he years reckoned by the
termination teen; as, thirteen, fourteen.
Our author would excufe thefe youthful feenes.
Begotten at his entrance, in his teens;
Some childifh fancies may approve the toy,
Some like the mufe the more for being a boy. Granville.
Teeth, the plural of tooth.
Who can open the doors of his face ? his teeth are terrible
round about. Job xli. 14.
To Teeth, v. n. [from the noun.] To breed teeth; to be at
the time of dentition.
When the fymptoms of teething appear, the gums ought
to be relaxed by loftening ointment. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Te'cument. n.f [tegumentum, Latin.] Cover; the outward
part. This word is feldom ufed but in anatomy or phyficks.
Clip and trim thofe tender firings in the fafhion of beard,
or other hairy teguments. Brozvn’s Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
Proceed by fedlion, dividing the fkin, and [Separating the
teguments. Wifeman's Surgery.
In the nutmeg another tegument is the mace between the
green pericarpium and the hard fhell. Ray on the Creation.
To Teh-he. v. n. [a cant word made from the found. ] To
laugh with a loud and more infolent kind of cachinnation ;
to titter.
They laugh’d and teh-he'd with derifion,
To fee them take your depofition. Hudibras, p. iii.
Teil tree. n.f. [tilia, Latin.] The fame with linden or lime
tree : which fee.
A teiltree and an oak have their fubfiance in them when
they cafl their leaves. Ifa. vi. 13.
Teint. nf. [teinte, French.] Colour; touch of the pencil.
Glazed colours have a vivacity which can never be imita¬
ted by the moft brilliant colours, becaufe the different teints
are fimply laid on, each in its place, one after another. Dryd.
Te'lary. adj. [tela, a web, Lat.] Spinning webs.
The pictures of telary fpiders, and their pofition in the
web, is commonly made lateral, and regarding the horizon ;
although we fhall commonly find it downvrard, and their
heads refpedting the center. Broivn's Vulgar Err. b. v.
TE'LESCOPE. n.f. [telefcope, Fr. t£A©j and oxon-ico.] A
long glafs by which diflant objedls are viewed.
The telejcope difeovers to us diflant wonders in the hea¬
vens, and fhews the milky way, and the bright cloudy fpots,
in a very dark fity, to be a colledlion of little flars. Watts.
Telesco'pical. adj. [from telefcope.] Belonging to a tele¬
fcope ; feeing at a diflance.
To Tell. v. a. preterite and part. paff. told, [vellan, Saxon;
taelen, tellen, Dutch ; talen, Danifh.J
1. To utter; to exprefs; to fpeak.
I will not eat till I have told mine errand. Gen. xxiv. 33.
Thy meffage which might elfe in telling wound.
And in performing end us. Milton.
2. To relate; to rehearfe ; to fpeak.
I will declare what wife men have told from their fathers,
and have not h;d. Job xv. 18.
When Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the in¬
terpretation, he worfhipped. Judg. vii. 13.
He longer will delay to hear thee tell
His generation. Milton.
You mufl know; but break, O break my heart.
Before I tell my fatal ftory out,
Th’ ufurper of my throne is my wife ! Dryden.
The reft are Vanifh’d, none repafs’d the gate.
And not a man appears to tell their fate. Pope’s Odyjfey.
3. To teach ; to inform.
He gently afk’d where all the people be,
Which in that ftately building wont to dwell.
Who anfwTer’d him full foft, he could not tell. Fa. £ht.
I told him of myfelf; which was as much
As to have afk’d him pardon. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Tell me now, what lady is the fame,
To whom you fwore a fecret pilgrimage.
That you to day promis’d to tell me of. Shakcfpeare.
The fourth part of a fhekel of hlver will I give to the man
of God to tell us our way. 1 Sa?n. ix. 8.
Saint Paul telleth us, we muft needs be fubjecl not only
for fear, but alfo for confcience fake. Bi/hop Sanderfon.
Tell me how may I know him, how adore. Milton.
4. To difeover; to betray.
They will tell it to the inhabitants. Num. xiv. 14,
5. To count; to number. ,
Here lies the learned Savile’s heir,
So early wife, and lafting fair ;
That none, except her years they told.
Thought her a child, or thought her old. Waller.
Numerous fails the fearful only tell;
Courage from hearts, and not from numbers grows. Dryd.
A child can tell twenty before he has any idea of infinite.
Locke.
She doubts if two and two make four.
Though fhe has told them ten times o’er. Prior,
6.To make exeufes. A low word.
Tufh, never tell me, I take it much unkindly,
That thou, Iago, who haft had my purfe.
As if the firings were thine, fhould’fl know of this. Shak.
To Tell. v. n.
1. To give an account; to make report.
I will compafs thine altar, O Lord, that I may publifh
with the voice of thankfgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous
works. Pfal. xxvi. 7.
Ye that live and move, fair creatures tell,
Tell, if ye faw, how came I thus, how here ? Milton.
2. To Tell on. To inform of. A doubtful phrafe.
David faved neither man nor woman alive, to bring tid¬
ings to Gath, faying, left they fhould tell on us, faying, fo
did David. * I Sam. xxvii. 11.
Te'lltale. n.f [tell and tale.] One who gives malicious in¬
formation ; one who carries officious intelligence.
You fpeak to Cafca, and to fuch a man
That is no flearing telltale. Shakefp. Julius Cesfar.
What fhall thefe papers lie like telltales here ? Shakefp.
Let not the heav’ns hear thefe telltale women
Rail on the Lord’s anointed. Shakefpeare.
’Tis done ; report difplays her telltale wings,
And to each ear the news and tidings brings. Fairfax.
And to the telltale fun defery
Our conceal’d folemnity. Milton*
Eurydice and he are prifoners here,
But will not long be fo : this telltale ghoft
Perhaps will clear them both. Dryden and Lee.
A telltale out of fchool
Is of all wits the greateft fool. Swift.
Te'lleR. n.f. [fromtell.]
1. One who tells or relates.
2. One who numbers ; a numberer.
3. A teller is an officer of the exchequer, of which there are
four in number: their bufinefs is to receive all monies due to
the king, and give the clerk of the pell a bill to charge him
therewith : they alfo pay all perfons any money payable to
them by the king, by warrant from the auditor of the re¬
ceipt : they alfo make books of receipts and payments, which
they deliver the lord treafurer. Ccuiel.
Temera'rious. adj. [tenteraire, Fr. temerariusi Lat.]
1. Rafh; heady.
Refolution without forefight is but a temerarious folly; and
the confequences of things are the firft point to be taken into
confideration. L’EJlrange.
2. Carelefs ; heedlefs.
Should he find upon one fingle fheet of parchment, an
oration written full of profound lenfe, adorned with elegant
phrafe, the wit of man could not perfuade him that this was
done by the temerarious dafhes of an unguided pen. Ray.
Teme'rity. n.f. [temeritas, Latin.] Ralhnefs; unreafonable
contempt of danger.
The figures are bold even to temerity. Cowly.
To Te'mper. v. a. [tempero, Lat. temperer, Fr.]
1. To mix fo as that one part qualifies the other.
I fitall temper fo
Juftice with mercy, as may illuftrate moft
Them fully fatisfy’d, and Thee appeafe. Milton.
2. To compound ; to form by mixture.
If you could find out but a man
To bear a poifon, I would temper it;
That Romeo fhould upon receipt thereof
Soon fieep in quiet. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
3. To mingle.
Prepare the fixth part of an ephah and the third part of an
hin of oil, to temper with the fine flour. Ezek. xlvi. 14.
The good old knight, with a mixture of the father and
maftcr of the family, tempered the inquiries after his own af¬
fairs with kind queflions relating to themfelves. Addifon.
4. To beat together to a proper confiftence
Th’ uncivil kerns of Ireland are in arms;
And temper clay with blood of Englifhmen. Shakefpeare.
The potter tempering foft earth, fafhioneth every veflel
with much labour. Wijd. xv. y>
5. To accommodate ; to modify.
Thy fuflenance ferving to the appetite of the eater, tem¬
pered itfelf to eyery man’s liking. Wifd. xvi. 21 a
Thefe foft fires with kindly heat
Of various influence foment and warm.
Temper or nourifh. Milton*
6. To foften ; to mollify; to afliiage ; to footh ; to calm.
Solon, in his laws to the Athenians, laboured to tem¬
per their warlike courages with fweet delights of learning and
fciences : fo that as much as the one excelled in arms the
other exceeded in knowledge. Spehfer on Ireland*
With this fhe wonts to temper angry Jove,
W hen all the gods he threats with thuhd’ring dart. Spenf
Now will 1 to that old Andronicus,
And temper him with all the art I have. Shakefpeare.
Woman ! Nature made thee
To temper man : we had been brutes without you. Otway.
*7 .to
i •
T E M
To form metals to a proper degree of hardnefs.
The fword
Of Michael from the armoury of God
Was given him temper’d fo, that neither keen
Nor folid might refill that edge. _ Milton.
In the tempering of Heel, by holding it but a minute or
two longer or letter in the other competent heat, gives it very
differing tempers as to brittlenefs or toughnefs. Boyle.
Repeated peals they hear,
And, in a heav’n ferene, refulgent arms appear;
Red’ning the Ikies, and glittering all around,
The temper’d metals clafh, and yield a ttlver found. Dryd.
8. To govern. A latinifm.
With which the damned ghofls he governeth.
And furies rules, and Tartare temperetb. Hubberd’s Tale.
Te'mper. n.f [from the verb.]
1. Due mixture of contrary qualities.
Nothing better proveth the excellency of this foil and tem¬
per than the abundant growing of the palm trees. Raleigh.
Health itfelf is but a kind of temper, gotten and preferved
by a convenient mixture of contrarieties. Arbuthnot.
2. Middle courfe ; mean or medium.
If the eftates of fome bifhops were exorbitant before the
reformation, the prefent clergy’s wilhes reach no further than
that fome reafonable temper had been ufed inftead of paring
them fo quick. Swift s Mifcel.
3. Conftitution of body.
This body would be increafed daily, being fupplied from
above and below, and having done growing, it would be¬
come more dry by degrees, and of a temper of greater confiftency and firmnefs. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
4. Difpofition of mind.
Remember with what mild
And gracious temper he both heard, and judg’d,
Without wrath or reviling. Milton’s Par. Lofl, b. x.
This will keep their thoughts eafy and free, the only tem¬
per wherein the mind is capable of receiving new informa¬
tions. Locke on Education.
5. Conftitutional frame of mind.
The brain may devife laws for the blood, but a hot temper
leaps o’er a cold decree. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Our hearts.
Of brothers temper, do receive you in
With all kind love. Shakefpeare’s Julius Cafar.
6. Calmnefs of mind ; moderation.
Reftore yourfelves unto your tempers, fathers.
And without perturbation hear me fpeak. Benj. Johnfon.
Teach me, like thee, in various nature wife,
To fall with dignity, with temper rife. Pope.
7. State to which metals are reduced, particularly as to hard¬
nefs.
Here draw I
A fword, whofe temper I intend to ftain
With the beft blood that I can meet withal. Shakefp.
Ithuriel with his fpear
Touch’d lightly ; for no falfiiood can endure
Touch of cceleftial temper, but returns
Of force to its own likenefs: up he ftarts,
Difcover’d, and furpriz’d. Milton s Par. Loft, b. iv.
Thefe needles fhould have a due temper; for if they are
too loft, the force exerted to carry them through the flelh
will bend them ; if they are too brittle they fnap. Sharp.
Te’mperament, n.f. [temperamentum, Lat. temperament, Fr.]
1. Conftitution ; ftate with refpecl to the predominance of any
quality.
Bodies are denominated hot and cold in proportion to the
prefent temperament of that part of our body to which they
are applied. Locke.
2. Medium ; due mixture of oppofites.
The common law has wafted and wrought out thofe dis¬
tempers, and reduced the kingdom to its juft ftate and tem¬
perament. . Hale.
Temperamental, adj. [from temperament.'] Conftitutional.
That temperamental dignotions, and conjecture of preva¬
lent humours, that may be collected from fpots in our nails,
we concede. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Intellectual reprefentations are received with as unequal a
fate upon a bare temperamental relilh or difguft. Glanville.
Te'mperance. n.f. [;temperantia, Lat.]
1. Moderation; oppofed to gluttony and drunkennefs.
Well obferve
The rule of not too much ; by temperance taught
In what thou eat’ft and drink’ll; feeking from thence
Due nourilhment, no gluttonous delight. Milton.
Temperance, that virtue without pride, and fortune without
envy, gives indolence of body and tranquillity of mind ;
the bell guardian ol youth and l’upport of old age. Temple.
Make temperance thy companion; fo Ihall health
Sit on thy brow. Dodfey’s Agriculture.
2. Patience; calmnefs 5 fedatenefs ; moderation of pallion.
His fenfelels lpeech and doted ignorance,
When as the noble prince had marked well ;
He calm’d his wrath with goodly temperance. Fa.
T E M
What, are you chaf’d ?
Afk God for temperance, that’s th’ appliance only
Which your difeafe requires. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
-T f/mperate. adj. [temperatus, Lat.]
1. Not exceffive ; moderate in degree of any quality.
Ufe a temperate heat, for they are ever temperate heats that
digeft and mature; wherein we mean temperate, according to
the nature of the lubjeCt; 1 or that may be temperate to fruits
and liquors which will not work at all upon metals. Bacon.
His deep
Was airy, light, from pure digeftion bred.
And temp’rate vapours bland. Milton.
2. Moderate in meat and drink.
I advifed him to be temperate in eating and drinking. Wifem.
3. Free from ardent pallion.
So hot a fpeed with fuch advice difpos’d ;
Such temp’rate order in fo fierce a courfe
Doth want example. Shakefpeare.
She’s not froward, but moueft as the dove :
She is not hot, but temperate as the morn. Shakefpeare.
From temperate inactivity we are unready to put in execu¬
tion the fuggeftions of reafon. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Te'mperately. adv. [from temperate.]
1. Moderately; not excefiively.
By winds that temperately blow,
The bark fhould pafs fecure and How. Addifon.
2. Calmly ; without violence of pallion.
Temp’rately proceed to what you would
Thus violently redrefs. Shakefpeare.
3. Without gluttony or luxury.
God efteems it a part of his fervice if we eat or drink ;
fo it be temperately, and as may bell preferve health. Taylor.
Te'mperateness. n.f [from temperate.]
1. Freedom from exceffes; mediocrity.
2. Calmnefs ; coolnefs of mind.
Langley’s mild temperatenefs,
Did tend unto a calmer quietnefs. Daniel’s Civil War.
Te'mperature. n.f. [temperatura, tempera, Latin; tempera¬
ture, French.]
1. Conftitution of nature; degree of any qualities.
It lieth in the fame climate, and is of no other temperature
than Guinea. Abbot’s Defcription of the World.
Birds that change countries at certain feafons, if they come
earlier, Ihew the temperature of weather. Bacon.
Memory depends upon the confiftence and the temperature
of the brain. Watts.
2. Mediocrity ; due balance of contrarieties.
As the world’s fan doth effedls beget
Different, in divers places ev’ry day ;
Here Autumn’s temperature, there Summer’s heat.
Here flow’ry Spring-tide, and there Winter gray. Davies.
If, inftead of this variation of heat, we fuppofe an equa¬
lity, or conftant temperature of it before the deluge, the cafe
would be much altered. Woodward's Nat. HJl.
3. Moderation ; freedom from predominant pallion.
In that proud port which her fo goodly graceth,
Moll goodly temperature you may defery. Spenfer.
Te'mpered. adj. [from temper.] Dilpoled with regard to the
paflions.
When was my lord fo much ungently tempered.
To Hop his ears againft admonilhment ? Shakefpeare.
TE'MPEST. n.f. [tempefle, Fr. tempeflas, Lat.]
1. The utmoft violence of the wind ; the names by which the
wind is called according to the gradual encreafe of its force
feems to be, a breeze ; a gale ; a gull; a ftorm ; a tempeft.
I have feen tempejls, when the fcolding winds
Have riv’d the knotty oaks. Shakefp. Julius Cesfar.
Some have been driven by tempefl to the louth. Abbot.
What at firll was call’d a gull, the fame
Hath now a llorm’s, anon a tempejl's name. Donne.
We, caught in a fiery tempejl, Ihall be hurl’d
Each on his rock transfix’d. Milton.
With clouds and florins
Around thee thrown, tempejl o’er tempejl roll’d,
Thou humblelt nature with thy northern blaft. Thomfon.
2. Any tumult; commotion ; perturbation.
The tempejl in my mind
Doth from my fenfes take all feeling clfe.
Save what beats there. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
To Te'mpest. v. a. [from the noun.] To difturb as by a
tempeft.
Part huge of bulk.
Wallowing unweildy, enormous in their gait,
Tempejl the ocean. Milton.
Leviathan, in dreadful fport,
Tempejl the loofen’d brine. Thompfon.
Tf/mpest-beaten. v. a. [tempefl and beat.] Shattered with
ftorms.
In the calm harbour of her gentle break,
Mv tempejl-beaten foul may fafely reft. Dryden s Aureng.
Te'MPEST-TOST. adj. [tempejl and tojl.] Driven about by
ftorms.
Though
T E M s
Though his bark cannot be loft,
Yet it ft)a 11 be tempeji-toji. _ Shah/p. Macbeth.
Tempesti/vity. n.J. [tempefhvus, Lat.] Sealonablenefs.
Since their difperfion the conftitutions of countries admit
not fuch tempejlivity of harveft. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Tempe'stuous. adj. \ternpejlueux, Fr. from tempeji.] Stormy;
turbulent.
Tempejluous fortune hath fpent all her fpight,
And thrilling forrow thrown his utmoft dart. Fairy Qc.
Which of them riling with the fun or falling
Should prove tempejluous. Milton.
Her looks grow black as a iempejluous wind,
Some raging thoughts are rowling in her mind. Drydcn.
Pompey, when diifuaded from embarking becaufe the wea¬
ther was tempejluous^ replied, My voyage is neceffary, my
life is not fo. Collier on the Value of Life.
TeMflar. n.f [from the Temple, an houfe near the Thames,
anciently belonging to the' knights templars, originally from
the temple of Jerufalem.J A ftudent in the law.
Wits and templars ev’ry fentence raife.
And wonder with a foolifh face of praife. Pope's Epijl.
TeMple. n.f. [temple, Fr. tem.lum, Lat.]
1. A place appropriated to adls of religion.
The honour’d gods
Throng our large temples with the ftiews of peace. Shak.
Here we have no temple but the wood, no affembly but
hornbeafts. Sbakefpeare’s As you like it.
Mod lacrilegious murther hath broke ope
The lord’s anointed temple, and ftole thence
The life o’ th’ building. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
This gueft of Summer,
The temple haunting martlet. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth'.
2. [Tempora, Latin.] The upper part of the iides of the head
where the pulfe is felt.
Her funny locks
Hang pn her temples like a golden fleece. Sbakefpeare.
We may apply intercipients of maftich upon the temples ;
frontals alio may be applied. Wifeman s Sui gery:
To procure fleep, he ules the fcratching of the temples and
ears ; that even mollifies wild beafts. Arbutbnot.
The weapon enter’d dole above his ear.
Cold through his temples glides the whizzing fpear. Pope.
TeMplet. n. f. A piece of timber in a building.
When you lay any timber on brick-work, as linteols over
windows, or term lets under girdeis, lay them in loi m. Adoxon.
Temporal, adj. itemporal, Fr. temporalis, low Latin.]
1. Meafured by time ; not eternal.
As there they luftain temporal life, fo here they would learn
to make proviiion for eternal. Hooker.
2. Secular ; • not ecclefiaftical.
This fceptre lhews the force of temporal power.
The attribute to awe and majefty,
Wherein doth fit the dread of kings. Sbakefpeare.
All the temporal lands, which men devout
By teftament have given to the church,
Would they ftrip from us. Shakefp. Henry V.
All temporal power hath been wrefted from the clergy, and
much of their ecclefiaftick. Swift.
3. Not Ipiritual.
Cali not every tempo'al end a defiling of the intention, but
only when it contradicts the ends of God, or when it is prin¬
cipally intended : tor lometimes a temporal end is part ot our
duty ; and iuch are all the a&ions of our calling. Taylor.
Our petitions to God with regard to temporals, mutt be
that medium of convenience proportioned to the leveral con -
ditions of life. Rogers's Serm.
4. [Temporal, Fr.] Placed at the temples, or upper part of the
head.
Copious bleeding, by opening the temt oral arteries, are the
mod effectual remedies for a phrenfy. Arbutbnot on Aliments.
Temporality. _ n. f. [temporalitc, Fr. from temporal.] SeTeMporals. £ cular pofleffions ; not ecclefiaftick rights.
Such revenues, lands, and tenements, as bnhops have had
annexed to their fees by the kings and others from time to
time, as they are oarons and lords of the parliament. Cowel.
T he refidue of thefe ordinary finances is cafual, as the
temporalities of vacant biftopricks, the profits that grow by
the tenures of lands. Bacon.
Temporally, adv. [from temporal.] With refpeCt to this
life.
Sinners who are in fuch a temporally happy condition, owe
it not to their fins, but wholly to their luck. South.
Temporally, n.f [from temporal.']
1. Thelaitv; fecular people.
The pope fucked out ineftimable fums of money,, to the
intolerable grievance of clergy and temporary. Abbot.
2. Secular pofleffions.
The king yielded up the point, rt ferving the ceremony of
homage from the bilhops, in relpect ot the temporalities, to
himfelf. Aylijfe.
Tempora'neous. adj. [temporis, Lat.] Temporary. Did?.
TeMporariness. [from temporary.] The ftate of being tem¬
porary ; not perpetuity.
T E M
Te'mporaRY. adj. [tempus, Lat.] Lafting only for a limited
time.
Thefe temporary truces were foon made and foon broken ;
he defired a ftraiter amity. Bacon's Henry VII.
The republick threatened with danger, appointed a tem¬
porary dictator, who, when the danger was over, retired
again into the community. Addifon.
To TeMporize. v.n. [tempobifer, Fr* tempus, Lat.]
1. To delay ; to procraftin ate.
If Cupid hath not fpent all his quiver in Venice, thou wilt
quake for this ftortly.
-— I look for an earthquake too then.
--Well, you will temporize with the hours. Sbakefpeare.
The earl of Lincoln deceived of the country’s concourfe,
in which cafe he would have temporized, rcfolved to give the
king battle. ' Bacon's Henry VII.
2. To comply with the times or occafions.
They might their grievance inwardly complain,
But outwardly they needs muft temporize. Daniel.
3. To comply : this is improper.
The dauphin is too wilful oppofite,
And will not tern orize with my entreaties :
He flatly fays, he’ll not lay down his arms. Sbakefpeare.
Temporizer. n.J. [temporijeur, Fr. from tern orize.] One
that complies with times or occafions ; a trimmer.
I pronounce thee a hovering tem orizer, that
Canft with thine eyes at once fee good and evil,
Inclining to them both. Shakef . Winter s Tale.
Temse bread. \ n.J'. [temfen, Dutch; tamifer, Fr. tameTemsed bread, i fare, Italian, to fift; terns, Dutch; tatnis, French ; tamifo, Italian, a fieve.J Bread made of flower
better fifted than common.
To Tempt, v. a. [tento, Lat. tenter, Fr.]
1. To follicit to ill ; to incite by prefenting fome pleafure or
advantage to the mind ; to entice.
’Tis not the king that fends you to the Tower:
My lady Gray tempts him to this h rfh extremity. Shak.
You ever gentle godsj take my breath from me ;
Let not my worfer fpirit tempt me again
To die before you pleafe. Shakefp. King Lear.
Come together, that Satan tempt you not. 1 Cor. vii. 5.
He that hath not wholly lubdued himfelf, Is quickly tempt¬
ed and overcome in fmall things. Bijhop Taylor.
Fix’d on the fruit file gaz’d, which to behold
Might tempt alone. Milton.
The devil can but tempt and deceive; and if he cannot
deftroy fo, his power is at an end. South.
O wretched maid !
Whole roving fancy would refolve the fame
With him, who next fhould tempt her eaty fame. Prior.
2. To provoke.
I’m much too vent’rous
In tempting of your patience. Shakefp. Henry Till.
With-hold
Your taffyns from the wretched and the bold ;
Tempt not the brave and needy to defpair :
For, though your violence fhou’d leave ’em bare
Of gold and lilver, fwords and darts remain. Drydcn.
3. It is fometimes ufed without any notion of evil; to follicit;
to draw.
Still his ftrength conceal’d
Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall. Milton.
The rowing crew,
To tempt a fare, clothe all their tilts in blue. Gay.
4. To try ; to attempt.
This from the vulgar branches muft be torn,
And to fair Proferpine the prefent born,
Ere leave be giv’n to tempt the nether fkies. Drydcn.
Tempta'tion. n.f. [tentation, Fr. from tempt.]
1. The a£t of tempting; Pollicitation to ill j enticement.
All temptation to tranfgrels repel. Milt.
2. The ftate of being tempted.
When by human weaknefs, and the arts of the tempter,
you are led into temptations, prayer is the thread to bring
you out of this labyrinth. Duppa.
3. That which is offered to the mind as a motive to* ill.
Set a deep glafs of rhenift wine on the contrary cafket;
for if the devil be within, and that temptation without, he
will choofe it. Shakejp. ALerchant of Venice.
Dare to be great without a guilty crown ;
View it, and lay the bright temptation down :
’Tis bafe to feize on all. D/ydens Aurengzebe.
TeMptabl . adj. [from tempt.] Liable to temptation ; ob¬
noxious to bad influence.
If the parliament were as temptable as anv other affembly,
the managers muft fail for want of tools to work with. Swift.
TeMpter. n.f [from tempt.]
1. One who follicits to ill; an cnticcr.
I hefe women are lhrewd tempters with their tongues.
Sbakefpeare's Henry VI.
Is this her fault or mine ?
The tempter or the tempted, who fins mod ?
Not file; nor doth fhe tempt. Shak. Meaffor Aieafure.
26 F Thofe
TEN TEN
Thofe who arc bent to do wickedly, will never want
tempters to urge them on. Tillotfon.
My work is done :
She’s now the tempter to enfnare his heart. Dryden.
2.The infernal follicitor to evil.
The experience of our own frailties, and the watchfulnels
of the tempter, difeourage us. Hammond s Fundamentals.
Foretold what would come to pafs.
When firft this tempter crofs'd the gulf from hell. Milton.
To this high mountain’s top the temper brought
Our Saviour. Miltoti s Par. Aeg. b. iii.
Te'mulency. n.f. [temulentia, Lat.] Inebriation; intoxica¬
tion by liquor. .
Te'mulent. adj. [;temulentus, Lat.J Inebriated; intoxicated
as with ftrong liquors.
Ten. adj. [tyn, Saxon; tien, Dutch.] The decimal number;
twice five ; the number by which we multiply numbers into
new denominations.
Thou {halt have more
Than two tens to a fcore. Shakefp. King Lear.
Ten hath been extolled as containing even, odd, long, and
plain, quadrate and cubical numbers; and Ariftotle obferved,
that Barbarians as well as Greeks ufed a numeration unto
ten. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
With twice ten fail I crofs’d the Phrygian lea,
Scarce feven within your haibour meet. Dryden.
There’s a proud modefty in merit,
Averfe from begging ; and refolv’d to pay
Ten times the gift it afks. Dryden's Cleomenes.
From the foft lyre.
Sweet flute, and ten ftring’d inftrument, require
Sounds of delight. Prior.
Although Englifli is too little cultivated, yet the faults are
nine in ten owing to affe&ation. Swift's Mifcel.
Te'nable. adj. [tenable, French.] Such as may be maintain¬
ed againft opposition ; fuch as may be held againft attacks.
The town was ftrong of itfelf, and wanted no induftry to
fortify and make it tenable. Bacons IVar with Spain.
Sir William Ogle feized upon the caftle, and put it into a
tellable condition. Clarendon.
Infidelity has been driven out of all its outworks : the
atheift has not found his poft tenable, and is therefore retired
into deifm. Addifon s Spedl. N . 186.
Tena'cious. adj. [tenax, Lat.]
1. Grafping hard ; inclined to hold faft ; not willing to let go,
with of before the thing held.
A refolute tenacious adherence to well chofen principles,
makes the face of a governor (hine in the eyes of thofe that
fee his addons. South.
Griping, and ftill tenacious of thy hold,
Wou’d’fHhou the Grecian chiefs, though largely foul’d,
Shou’d give the priles they had gain’d. Dryden.
You reign abfolute over the hearts of a ftubborn and free¬
born people, tenacious to madnefs of their liberty. Dryden.
True love’s a mifer; fo tenacious grown.
He weighs to the leaft grain of what’s his own. Dryden.
Men are tenacious of the opinions that firft poflefs them.
Locke.
He is tenacious of his own property, and ready to invade
that of others. Arbuthnot.
2. Retentive.
The memory in fome is very tenacious ; but yet there feems
to be a conftant decay of all our ideas, even of thofe which
are ftruck deepeft, and in minds the moll retentive. Locke.
3. [Tenace, French.] Having parts difpofed to adhere to each
other; cohefive.
Three equal round veffels filled, the one -with water, the
other with oil, the third with molten pitch, and the liquors
ftirred alike to give them a vortical motion; the pitch by its
tenacity will lole its motion quickly, the oil being lefs tena¬
cious will keep it longer, and the water being lefs tenacious
will keep it longeft, but yet will lofe it in a fhort time. Newt.
4. Niggardly; clofe-fifted ; meanly parcimonious. Ainf
Tena'ciously. adv. [from tenacious.] With difpofition to
hold faft.
Some things our juvenile reafons tenacioufy adhere to,
which yet our maturer judgments dilallow of. Glanville.
Tena'ciousness. n.f. [from tenacious.] Unwillingnefs to
quit, refign, or let go.
Tena'city. n.f. [tcnacitas, tenacity Fr. tenax, Latin.] Vifcofity ; glutinoufnefs ; adhefion of one part to another.
If many contiguous vortices of molten pitch were each of
them as large as thofe which fome fuppofe to revolve about
the fun and fixed ftars, yet thefe and all their parts would,
by their tenacity and ftifthefs, communicate their motion to
one another till they all refted among themfelves. Newton.
Subftances, whole tenacity exceeds the powers of digeftion,
will neither pafs, nor be converted into aliment. Arbuthnot.
Tenancy, n.f. [tenanche, old French ; tenentia, law Latin ;
from tenant.] Temporary pofleffion of what belongs to an¬
other.'
This duke becomes feized of favour by defeent, though
8
the condition of that eftatc be commonly no more than a
tenancy at will. IVotton.
TE'NANT. n.f. [tenant, French.]
1. One that holds of another ; one that on certain conditions
has temporary pofleflion and ufe of that which is in reality
the property of another: correlative to landlord.
I have been your tenant,
And your father’s tenant, thefe fourfeore years. Shakefp.
Such is the mould that the bleft tenant feeds
On precious fruits, and pays his rent in weeds. JValler.
Jupiter had a farm long for want of a tenant. L'Ejlrange.
His cheerful tenants blefs their yearly toil.
Yet to their lord owe more than to the foil. Pope.
The tenants of a manor fall into the fentiments of their
lord. > Watts.
The father is a tyrant over Haves and beggars, whom he
calls his tenants. Swift.
2. One who refides in any place.
The bear, rough tenant of thefe (hades. Thomfon.
To Tenant, v. a. [from the noun.] To hold on ceitain
conditions.
Sir Roo-er’s eftate is tenanted by perfons who have ferved
him or his anceftors. Addifon s SpeR. N . 107.
Te'nantable. adj. [from tenant.] Such as may be held by
a tenant.
The ruins that time, ficknefs, or melancholy (hall bring,
muft be made up at your coft; for that thing a hulband is
but tenant for life in what he holds, and is bound to leave
the place tenantable to the next that (hall take it. Suckling.
That the foul may not be too much incommoded in her
houfe of clay, fuch necefiaries are lecured to the body as may
keep it in tenantable repair. Decay of Piety.
Te'nantless. adj. [from tenant.] Unoccupied ; unpofiefled.
O thou, that doft inhabit in my breaft,
Leave not the manfion fo long tenantlefs ;
Left growing ruinous the building fall.
And leave no memory of what it was. Shakefpeare.
Te'nant-saw. n.f. [corrupted, I fuppofe, from tenon-fern.]
See Tenon.
Tench, n.f. [tince, Saxon; tinea, Lat.] A pond fi(h.
Having ftored a very great pond with carps, tench, and
other pond fifh, and only put in two fmall pikes, this pair of
tyrants in feven years devoured the whole. Hale.
To Tend. v. a. [contracted from attend.]
1. To watch; to guard ; to accompany as an affiftant or de¬
fender.
Nymphs of Mulla which, with careful heed.
The filver fcaly trouts did tend full well. Spenfer's Epithal.
Go thou to Richard, and good angels tend thee. Shak.
Him lord pronounc’d ; and O ! indignity
Subjected to his fervice angel wings.
And flaming minifters to watch and tend
Their earthy charge. Milton.
Fie led a rural life, and had command
O’er all the (hepherds, who about thofe vales
Tended their numerous flocks. Dryden and Lee's Oedipus.
There is a pleafure in that fimplicity, in beholding princes
tending their flocks. Pope.
Our humbler province is to tend the fair;
To fave the powder from too rude a gale.
Nor let th’ irnprifon’d eflences exhale. Pope.
Cic’ly had won his heart;
Cic’ly, the weftern lafs, that tends the kee. Gay.
2. To attend ; to accompany.
Defpair
Tended the fick, bufieft from couch to couch. Milton.
Thofe with w hom I now converfe,
Without a tear will tend my herfe. Swift.
3. To be attentive to.
Unfuck’d of lamb or kid that tend their play. Milton.
To Tend. v. n. [tendo, Lat.]
1. To move towards a certain point or place.
They had a view of the princefs at a mafk, having over¬
heard two gentlemen tending towards that fight. JFatten.
To thefe abodes our fleet Apollo fends :
Here Dardanus was born, and hither tends. Dryden.
2. [Tendre, French.] To be direCIed to any end or purpofe;
to aim at.
Admiration feiz’d s
All heav’n, what this might mean and whither tend. MIt.
FaClions gain their power by pretending common faftty,
and tending towards it in the direCIeft courfe. ^ _ Tempie.
The laws of our religion tend to the univerfal hc.ppi.icis of
mankind. Tillotfon s Sermons.
3. To contribute. ,, .r . „ ...
Many times that which we aik would, if it lhould be
granted, be worle for us, and perhaps tend to our deftrucfion ; and then God by denying the particular matter of our
prayers, doth grant the general matter of mem. Hammond.
4. [From attend.] To wait; to expedl. Out of ufe.
The bark is ready, and the wind at help ;
Th’ aflociates tend. , Shakefpeare s Hamlet.
5- To
1
TEN
- To attend ; to wait as dependants or fervants.
She deferves a lord,
That twenty fuch rude boys might tend upon,
And call her hourly miftrefs. Sbakefpeare.
Give him tendings
He brings great news. Sbakefpeare.
Waslte not companion with the riotous knights.
That tend upon my father. Shakefp. King Lear.
6 To attend as fomething infeparable.
Threefold vengeance tend upon your fteps ! Sbakefp.
Te'ndance. n.f [from tend.]
1. Attendance; Hate of expectation.
Unhappy wight born to dilaftrous end.
That doth his life in fo long tendance lpend. Hubberd.
2. Perlon; attendant. Out of ufe.
His lobbies fill with tendance,
Rain facrificial whifp’rings in his ear. Sbakefpeare.
3. Attendance ; a£t of waiting.
She purpos’d,
By watching, weeping, tendance, to
O’ercome you with her fhew. Shakefp. Cymbehne.
4. Care; a£t of tending.
Nature does require
Her times of prefervation, which, perforce,
I her frail fon, amongft my brethren mortal,
Mull dive my tendance to. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.
They at her coming fprung.
And touch’d by her fair tendance gladlier grew. Milton.
T E NDEN'CE. ? r rfrom tend.]
Tendency. \ J 1 J
1.Direction or courfe towards any place or objeCt.
It is not much buiinefs that diftraCts any man; but the
want of purity, conllancy, and tendency towards God. Taylor.
Writings of this kind, if conducted with candour, have
a more particular tendency to the good of their country than
I any other compofitions. Addijon s Freeholder, N . 40.
We may acquaint ourfelves with the powers and proper¬
ties, the tendencies and inclinations, of body and fpirit. JVatts.
All of them are innocent, and molt of them had a moral
tendency, to foften the virulence of parties, or laugh out of
countenance fome vice or folly. Swift.
' 2. Direction or courfe toward any inference or refult ; drift.
Thefe opinions are of fo little moment, that, like motes
in the fun, their tendencies are little noticed. Locke.
TE'NDER. adj. [tendre, French.]
1. Soft; eafily impreffed or injured.
The earth brought forth the tender grafs. Milton.
From each tender ftalk fhe gathers. Milton.
2. Senfible; eafily pained ; foon fore.
Unneath may file endure the flinty ftreet.
To tread them with her tender feeling feet. Sbakefpeare.
Leah was tender eyed, but Rachael wras well-favoured.
Gen. xxix. 1 7.
Our bodies are not naturally more tender than our faces ;
but by being lefs expofed to the air, they become lefs able to
endure it. _ LEJltange.
The face when we are born is no lefs tender than any other
part of the body: it is ufe alone hardens it, and makes it
more able to endure the cold. Locke on Education.
3. Effeminate; emafculate; delicate.
W'hen Cyrus had overcome the Lydians,' that were a
warlike nation, and deviled to bring them to a more peace¬
able life, inftead of their fhort warlike coat he clothed them
in long garments like women, and inftead of their warlike
mufick appointed to them certain lalcivious lays, by which
their minds were fo mollified and abated, that they foigot
their former fiercenefs, and became moft tender and effeminate_ Spenfer on Ireland.
4. Exciting kind concern.
I love Valentine;
His life’s as tender to me as my foul. Sbakefpeare.
5. Compaffionate ; anxious for another’s good.
The tender kindnefs of the church it well befeemeth to
help the weaker fort, although fome few of the perfeCter and
ftronger be for a time difplealed. Hooker, b. v.
This not miftruft but tender love injoins. Milton.
Be tender hearted and compaftionate towards thofe in want,
and ready to relieve them. Tillotfon's Sermons,
6. Sufceptible of foft paflions.
Your tears a heart of flint
Might tender make, yet nought
Herein they will prevail. Spenfer.
7. Amorous ; lafeivious.
What mad lover ever dy’d,
To gain a foft and gentle bride ?
Or for a lady tender hearted,
In purling ftreams or hemp departed ? Hudibras, p. iii.
8. Expreflive of the fofter paflions.
0. Careful not to hurt, with of.
The civil authority fhould be tender of the honour of God
and religion. Tillotfon's Sermons.
TEN
As I have been tender of every particular perfon’s reputa¬
tion fo I have taken care not to give offence. Addifon.
10. Gentle; mild; unwilling to pain.
Thy tender hefted nature fhall not give
Thee o’er to harfhnels; her eyes are fierce, but thine
Do comfort and not burn. > . Sbakefp. King Lear.
You, that are thus fo tender o’er Ins follies,
Will never do him good. Shakefp. Winters Tale.
11. Apt to give pain. . . .
In things that arc tender and unpleafing, break the ice by
fome whpfe words are of lefs weight, and reterve the more
weighty voice to come in as by chance. Lacon.
12. Young; weak: as, tender age.
W’hen yet he was but tender bodied, a mother ihould not
fej] y;m< Sbakefpeare's Coriolanus.
To Te'nder. v. a. [tendre, French.]
1. To offer; to exhibit; to propofe to acceptance.
Some of the chiefeft laity profeffed with greater ftomach
their judgments, that fuch a difcipline was little better than
popifti tyranny, dilguifed and tendered unto them. , Hooker.
I crave no more than w'hat your highnefs offer d;
Nor will you tender lefs. Sbakefp. King Lea).
All conditions, all minds, tender down
Their fervice to lord Timon. Sbakefpeare.•
Owe not all creatures by juft right to thee
Duty and fervice, not to ftay till bid.
But tender all their pow’r ? Milton s Par. Regain d.
2. To hold; to efteem.
Tender yourfelf more dearly ;
Or, not to crack the wind of the poor phrafe,
Wringing it thus, you’ll tender me a fool. Sbakefpeare.
3. [From the adje&ive.] To regard with kindnefs. Not in
ufe.
I thank you, madam, that you tender her :
Poor gentlewoman, my mafter wrongs her much. Sbak.
TeNder. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Offer ; propoial to acceptance.
Then to have a wretched puling fool,
A whining mammet, in her fortune’s tende
To anfwer I’ll not wed. Sbak. Romeo and Juliet.
Think yourfelf a baby ;
That you have ta’en his tenders for true pay.
Which are not fterling. Sbakefpeare's Hamlet.
The earl accepted the tenders of my fervice. Dryclen.
To declare the calling of the Gentiles by a free, unlimited
tender of the gofpel to all. South s Sermons.
Our tenders of duty every now and then mifearry. Addifon.
2. [From the adje&ive.] Regard; kind concern.
Thou haft Ihew’d thou mak’ft fome tender of my life.
In this fair refeue thou haft brought to me. Sbakefpeare.
Te'nder-hearted. adj. [tender and heart.] Of a foft compaflionate difpofition.
TeNdereing. n. f. [from tender.]
The firft horns of a deer
2.A fondling; one who is made foft by too much kindnefs.
TeNderly. adv. [from tender.] In a tender manner; mildly;
gently ; foftly ; kindly; without harfhnefs.
Tenderly apply to her
Some remedies for life. Sbakefpeare.
She embrac’d him, and for joy
Tenderly wept. _ Milton.
They are the moft perfect pieces of Ovid, and the ftyle
tenderly paflionate and courtly. " Prcf. to Ovid.
Marcus with blufhes owns he loves.
And Brutus tenderly reproves. Pope.
TeNderness. n.f. [tendrejfe, Fr. from tender.]
1. The ftate of being tender; fufeeptibility of impreflions.
Pied cattle are fpotted in their tongues, the tendernefs of
the part receiving more eafily alterations than other parts of
the fleih. ‘ Bacon.
The difference of the mufcular flefh depends upon the
hardnefs, tendernefs, moifture, or drinefs of the fibres. Arbuth.
2. State of being eafily hurt; forenefs,.
A quicknefs and tendernefs of fight could not endure bright
fun-Ihine. Locke.
Any zealous for his country, mull conquer that tendernefs
and delicacy which may make him afraid of being fpoken ill
0g Addijon.
There are examples of wounded perfons, that have roared
for anguifh at the difeharge of ordnance, though at a great
diftance ; what infupporta’ole torture then Ihould we be under
upon a like concufiion in the air, when all the whole body
would have the tendernefs of a wound. Bentley's Sermons.
3.Sufceptibility of the Cotter paflions.
Weep no more, left I give caufe
To be fufpedted of more tendernefs
Than doth become a man. Sbakefpeare.
Well we know your tendernefs of heart,
And gentle, kind, effeminate remorle
To your kindred. Shakefp. Richard III.
With
TEN
With what a graceful tendernefs he loves 1
And breathes the fofteft, the fincercft vows * Adclifon,
4. Kind attention ; anxiety for the good of another.
Having no children, fhe did with Angular care and tender¬
nefs intend the education of Philip and Margaret. Bacon.
5. Scrupuloufnefs; caution.
My confcience firft receiv’d a tendernefs,
Scruple, and prick, on certain fpeeches utter’d
By th’ biftiop of Bayon. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Some are unworthily cenfured for keeping their own, whom
tendernefs how to get honeftly teachevh to fpend difcreetly;
whereas fuch need no great thriftinefs in preferving their own
who affume more liberty in exacting from others. Wotton.
True tendernefs of confcience is nothing elfe but an awful
and exaCt fenfe of the rule which fhoukl direCt it; and while
it fleers by this compafs, and is fenfible of every declination
from it, fo long it is properly tender. South.
6. Cautious care.
There being implanted in every man’s nature a great ten¬
dernefs of reputation, to be carelefs of it is looked on as a
mark of a degenerous mind. Government of the Tongue.
7. Soft pathos of expreflion.
Te'ndinous. adj. [tendineux, Fr. tendinis, Latin.] Sinewy;
containing tendons ; confifling of tendons.
Nervous and tendinous parts have worfe lymptoms, and are
harder of cure than flefhy ones. Wifeman.
Te'ndon. n.f [tendo, Latin.] A Anew; a ligature by which
the joints are moved.
A ftruma in her inftep lay very hard and big amongft the
tendons. Wifeman s Surgery.
The entrails thefe embrace in fpiral firings,
Thofe clafp th’ arterial tubes in tender rings;
The tendons fome compacted clofe produce,
And fome thin fibres for the fkin diffufe. Blachnore.
Te'ndril n.f [tendrillon, French.] The clafp of a vine, or
other climbing plant.
In wanton ringlets wav’d.
As the vine curls her tendrils ; which imply’d
Subjection. Milton's Par. Lojl, h. iv.
So may thy tender blofloms fear no blite;
Nor goats with venom’d teeth thy tendrils bite. Dryclen.
The tendrils or clafpers of plants are given only to fuch as
have weak {talks, and cannot raife up or fupport themfelves.
Ray on the Creation.
Tene'bricose. 1 adj. [tenebricofus, tenebrofus, Latin.] Dark;
Te'nebrous. j gloomy.
Tenebro'sity. n.f [tenebrcc, Lat.] Darknefs; gloom.
Tenement, n.f [tenement, Fr. tenementum, law Latin.] Any
thing held by a tenant.
What reafonable man will not think that the tenement fhall
be made much better, if the tenant may be drawn to build
himfelf fome handfome habitation thereon, to ditch and inclofe his ground ? Spenfer on Ireland.
’Tis policy for father and fon to take different fides ;
For then lands and tenements commit no treafon. Dryden.
Who has informed us, that a rational foul can inhabit no
tenement, unlefs it has jufl fuch a fort of frontifpiece. Locke.
Treat on, treat on, is her eternal note,
And lands and tenements glide down her throat. Pope.
Te'nent. n.f. See Tenet.
Tene'rity. n.f. [tencritas, tener, Lat.] Tendernefs. Ainf
Tene'smus. n.f.
The ftone {hutting up the orifice of the bladder, is attend¬
ed with a tcnefmus, or needing to go to ftool. Arbuthnot.
Te'net. n.f [from tenet, Latin, he holds. It is fometimes
written teneni, or they hold.] Pofition; principle; opinion.
That all animals of the land are in their kind in the fea,
although received as a principle, is a tenet very queftionable.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
While, in church matters, profit {hall be the touch-ftone
for faith and manners, we are not to wonder if no gainful
tenet be depofited. . Decay ofPiety.
This favours of fomething ranker than focinianifm, even
the tenents of the fifth monarchy, and of fovereignty founded
only upon faintfhip. South's Sermons.
They wonder men fhould have miftook
The tenets of their mafter’s book. Prior.
Te'nnis. n.f. [this play is fuppofed by Skinner to be fo named
from the word tenez, take it, hold it, or there it goes, ufed
by the French when they drive the ball.] A play at which a
bad is driven with a racket.
I he barber’s man hath been feen with him, and the old
ornament of his cheek hath already fluffed tennis balls. Shak.
There was he gaming, there o’ertook in’s rowfe.
There falling out at tennis. ShakeJp. Hamlet.
A prince, by a hard defliny, became a tennis ball long to
the blind goddefs. Howel's Vocal Forejl.
It can be no more difgrace to a great lord to draw a fair
picture, than to plaj at tennis with his page. Peacham.
I he infide of the uvea is blacked like the walls of a tennis
j TEN
court, that the rays fallingupon the retina may not, by be¬
ing rebounded thence upon the uvea, be returned again;
for fuch a repercuflion would make the fight more confufed. More's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
We conceive not a tennis ball to think, and confequently
not to have any volition, or preference of motion to reft.
Locke.
We have no exedra for the philofophers adjoining to our
tennis court, but there are alehoufes. Arbuthnot and Pope.
To 1 e'nnis. v. a. [from the noun.] To drive as a ball.
T hofe four garifons iffuing forth upon the enemy, will fo
drive him from one fide to another, and tennis him amongft
them, that he fhall find no where fafe to keep his feet in, nor
hide himfelf. Spenjer on Ireland.
TENON. n.J. [French.] The end of a timber cut to be fit¬
ted into another timber.
Such variety of parts, folid with hollow ; fome with cavi¬
ties as mortifes to receive, others with tenons to fit them. Ray.
The tenant-jaw being thin, hath a back to keep it from
bending. Moxon's Mech. Exercife.
Te'nour. n.f [tenor, Lat. teneur, Fr.]
1. Continuity of ftate ; conftant mode ; manner of continuity ;
general currency.
We might perceive his words interrupted continually with
fighs, and the tenor of his fpeech not knit together to one
conftant end, but diffolved in itfelf, as the vehemency of the
inward paffion prevailed. Sidney.
When the world firft out of chaos fprang.
So fmil’d the days, and fo the tenor ran
Of their felicity : a fpring was there.
An everlafting fpring, the jolly year
Led round in his great circle, no winds breath
As now did fmell of Winter or of death. Crafhaw.
Still I fee the tenor of man’s woe
Hold on the fame, from woman to begin. Milton.
Does not the whole tenor of the divine law pofitively re¬
quire humility and meeknefs to all men. Sprat.
Infpire my numbers.
Till I my long laborious work complete.
And add perpetual tenor to my rhimes.
Deduc’d from nature’s birth to Crefar’s times. Dryden.
This fuccefs would look like chance if it were not perpe¬
tual, and always of the fame tenor. Dryden.
Can it be poifon ! poifon’s of one tenor,
Or hot, or cold. Dryden s Don Sebaftian.
1 here is fo great an uniformity amongft them, that the
whqle tenor of thofe bodies thus preferved clearly points forth
the month of May. _ Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
In fuch lays as neither ebb nor flow,
CorreCtly cold, and regularly low,
T hat fhunning faults, one quiet tenor keep.
We cannot blame indeed—but we may deep. Pope.
2. Senfe contained ; general courfe or drift.
Has not the divine Apollo faid,
Is’t not the tenor of his oracle,
1 hat king Leontes fhall not have an heir.
Till his loft child be found ? Shak. Winter's Tale.
By the ftern brow and wafpilh aCtion,
Which fhe did ufe as the was writing of it.
It bears an angry tenor\ 1 Shakefp. As you like it.
Bid me tear the bond.
—When it is paid according to the tenor. Shakefpeare.
Reading it muft be repeated again and again with a clofe
attention to the tenor of the difeourfe, andyti perfect negleCt:
of the divifions into chapters and verfes. A Locke.
3- A found in mufick.
The treble cutteth the air too fharp to make the found
equal; and therefore a mean or tenor is the fweeteft part.
Bacon s Nat. Hijl. N . 173.
Tense, adj. [tenfus, Lat.] Stretched; ftiff; not lax.
For the free paflage of the found into the ear, it is requi¬
re that the tympanum be tenfe, and hard ftretched, otherwife the laxnefs of the membrane will certainly dead and
damp the found. Holder.
Tense, n.f. [temps, Fr. tempus, Lat.]
[In grammar.] Tenje, in ftriCt fpeaking, is only a variation •
of the verb to fignify time. Clarke.
As forefight, when it is natural, anfwers to memory, fo
"hen methodical it anfwers to reminifcence, and may be
called forecaft; all of them exprefied in the tenjes given to
verbs. Memory faith, I did fee ; reminifcence, I had feen;
forefight, I fhall fee ; forecaft, I fhall have feen. Grew.
Ladies, without knowing what tenfes and participles are*
fpeak as properly and as correCtly as gentlemen. Locke.
He fhould have the Latin words given him in their firft
cafe and tenfe, and fhould never be left to feek them himfelf
from a dictionary. Watts.
Te'nseness. n.f [from tenfe.] Contraction; tenfion: the
contrary to laxity.
5
Should
TEN T E P
Should the pain and tenfenefs of the part continue, the
operation muft take place. Sharp's Surgery.
Te'nsible. adj. [tenjus, Lat.] Capable of being extended.
Gold is the clofeil, and therefore the heavieft, of metals,
and is likewife the moft flexible and tenfible. Bacon.
Te'nsile. adj. [tenfilis, Lat.J Capable of extenfion.
All bodies dudtile and tenfile, as metals, that will be drawn
into wires, have in them the appetite of not difcontinuing.
Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 845.
Te'nsion. n.f [tenfion, Fr. tenfus, Lat.] The adt of ftretching ; not laxation ; the ftate of being ftretched ; not laxity.
It can have nothing of vocal found, voice being railed by
ftifl: tenfion of the larynx; and on the contrary, this found by
a relaxed pofture of the mufcles thereof. Holder.
Still are the fubtle firings in tenfion found.
Like thofe of lutes, to juft proportion wound,
Which of the air’s vibration is the force. Blackmore.
Te'nsive adj. [tenfus, Lat.] Giving a fenfation of ftiffhefs or
contraction.
From choler is a hot burning pain; a beating pain from
the pulfe of the artery ; a tenfive pain from diftention of the
parts by the fulnefs of humours. Floyer on Humours.
Te'nsure. n. f. [tenfus, Lat.] The adl of ftretching, or ftate
of being ftretched ; the contrary to laxation or laxity.
This motion upon preflure, and the reciprocal thereof,
motion upon tenfure, we call motion of liberty, which is,
when any body being forced to a preternatural extent, reftoreth itfelf to the natural. Bacon.
Tent. n.f. [tente, French; tentorium, Lat.]
1. A foldier’s moveable lodging-place, commonly made of can¬
vas extended upon poles.
The Turks, the more to terrify Corfu, taking a hill not
far from it, covered the fame with tents. Knolles.
Becaufe of the fame craft he wrought with them ; for by
occupation they were tent makers. Aflsxxm. 23.
2. Any temporary habitation ; a pavilion.
He law a lpacious plain, wrhereon
Were tents of various hue: by fome were herds
Of cattle grazing. Milton's Par. Lof, b. xi.
To Chaffis’ pleafmg plains he took his way,
There pitch’d his tents, and there refolv’d to ftay. Dryden.
3. [Tenie, French.] A roll of lint put into a fore.
Modeft doubt is call’d
The beacon of the wife; the tent that fearches
To th’ bottom of the worft. Sbak. Trail, and Crejfida.
A declining orifice keep open by a fmall tent dipt in lome
medicaments, and after digellion withdraw the tent and heal
it. JVifeman's Surgery.
4. [Vino tinto, Spanifh.] A fpecies of wine deeply red, chiefly
from Gallicia in Spain.
To Tent. v. n. [from the noun.] To lodge as in a tent; to
tabernacle.
The; fmiles of knaves
Tent in my cheeks, and fchoolboy’s tears take up
The glafies of my fight. Shakefpeare.
ToTent. v. a. To fearch as with a medical tent.
I’ll tent him to the quick ; if he but blench,
I know my courfe. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
I have lome wounds upon me, and they fmart.
—Well might they feller ’gainft ingratitude.
And tent themfelves with death. Shakefp. Goriolanus.
Some furgeons, poflibly againft their own judgments, keep
Wounds tented, often to the ruin of their patient. JVifeman.
Tenta'tion. n.f [tentation, French; tentatio, Lat.] Trial;
temptation.
The firft delufion fatan put upon Eve, and his whole tentation, when he laid ye fhall not die, was in his equivocation,
you fhall not incur prefent death. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Tentative, adj. [tentative, effort, Fr. tento, Latin.] Try¬
ing; eflaying.
Te'nted. adj. [from tent.'] Covered with tents.
Thefe arms of mine till now have us’d
Their deareft atftion in the tented field. Shah. Othello.
The foe deceiv’d, he pafs’d the tented plain.
In Troy to mingle with the hoftile train. Pope's Odyjfey.
Te'nter. n.f. [iendo, tentus, Lat.]
1. A hook on which things are ftretched.
2. To be on the Tenters. To be on the ftreich; to be in
difficulties ; to be in fufpenfe.
In all my paft adventures,
I ne’er was fet fo on the tenters;
Or taken tardy with dilemma,
That ev’ry way I turn does hem me. Hudibras, p. ii.
To Te'nter. v. a. [from the noun.] To ftretch by hooks.
A blown bladder prefled rifeth again, and when leather or
cloth is tentered, it fpringeth back. Bacon’s N. Hijl. NJ. 12.
To Te'nter. v.n. To admit; extenfion.
Woollen cloth will tenter, linen fcarcely. Bacon.
Tenth, adj. [teopa, Saxon.] Firft after the ninth; ordinal of
ten.
It may be thought the lefs ftrange if others cannot do as
much at the tenth or twentieth trial, as we did after much
practice. Boyle.
Tenth, n.f. [from the adjedlivei]
1. The tenth part.
Of all the horfes,
The treafure in the field atchiev’d, and city,
We render you the tenth. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
By decimation and a tithed death,
If thy revenges hunger for that food
Which nature loaths, take thou the deftin’d tenth. Sbak.
To purchafe but the tenth of all their ftore,
Would make the mighty Perfian monarch poor. Dryden.
Suppofe half an ounce of filver now worth a bufhel of
wheat; but fhould there be next year a fcarcity, five ounces
of filver would purchafe but one bufhel: fo that money would
be then nine tenths lefs worth in refpedl of food. Locke.
2. Tithe.
With cheerful heart
The tenth of thy increafe beftow, and own
Heav’n’s bounteous goodnefs, that will lure repay
Thy grateful duty. Philips.
3.Tenths are that yearly portion or tribute which all livings
ecclefiaftical yield to the king. The bifliop of Rome pre¬
tended right to this revenue by example of the high prieft of
the Jews, who had tenths from the Levites, till by Henry the
eighth they were annexed perpetually to the crown Cowel.
Tenthly, adv. [from tenth.] In the tenth place.
T enti'ginous. adj. [tentiginis, Lat.] Stiff; ftretched.
Te'ntwort. n. f. A plant. Ainf
Tenuifo'lious. adj. [tenuis and folium, Lat.] Having thin
leaves.
Tenu'ity. n.f. [tenuite, French; tenuitas, from tenuis, Lat.]
1 hinnefs ; exility; fmallnefs; minutenefs; not groflnefs.
Firs and pines mount of themfelves in height without fide
boughs ; partly heat, and partly tenuity of juice, fending the
fap upwards. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. NJ. 533.
T he tenuity and contempt of clergymen will foon Jet them
fee what a poor carcafs they are, when parted' from the in¬
fluence of that fupremaev. King Charles.
Confider the divers figurings of the brain ; the firings or
filaments thereof; their difference in tenuity, or aptnels for
motion. Glanviile's See f.
Aliment circulating through an animal body, is reduced
to an almoft imperceptible tenuity, before it can ferve animal
purpofes. Arbuthnot.
At the height of four thoufand miles the sether is of that
wonderful tenuity, that if a fmall fphere of common air, of
an inch diameter, fhould be expanded to the thinnefs of that
aether, it would more than take up the orb of Saturn, which
is many million times bigger than the earth. Bentley.
Te'nuous. adj. [tenuis, Lat.] ’Ihin; fmall; minute.
Another way of their attra&ion is by a tenuous emanation,
or continued effluvium, which after fome diftance retradleth
unto itfelf. Brown's Vulgar Err. b. ii.
Tenure, n.f. [teneo, Lat. tenure, Fr. tenura, law Latin.]
Tcnu e is the manner whereby tenements are holden of
their lords. In Scotland are four tenures; the firft is pura
ekemofina, which is proper to fpiritual men, paying nothing
for it, but devota animarum fuffragia ; the fecond they call
feu, which holds of the king, church, barons, or others,
paying a certain duty called feudi firma; the third is a hold¬
ing in blanch by payment of a penny, rofe, pair of gilt
fpurs, or fome fuch thing, if afked ; the fourth is by fervice
of ward and relief, where the heir being minor is in the cuftody of his lord, together with his lands, &c. and land
holden in this fourth manner is called feudum de hauberk or
haubert, feudum militare or loricatum. Tenure in grofs is
the tenure in capite; for the crown is called a feignory in
grofs, becaufe a corporation of and by itfelf. Cowel.
The fervice follows the tenure of lands; and the lands were
given away by the kings of England to thofe lords. Spenfer.
The uncertainty of tenure, by which all worldly things are
held, miniflers very unpleafant meditation. Raleigh.
Man muft be known, his ftrength, his ftate,
And by that tenure he holds all of fate. Dryden.
Tepefa'ction. n.f. [tepefacio, Latin.] The a£l of warming
to a fmall degree.
Te'pid. adj. [tepidus, Latin.] Lukewarm; warm in a fmall
degree.
The tepid caves, and fens, and fhores,
Their brood as numerous hatch. Milton.
He with his tepid rays the rofe renews.
And licks the dropping leaves, and dries the dews. Dryden.
Such things as relax the fkin are likewife fudorifick ; as
warm water, friction, and tepid vapours. Arbuthnot.
Tepi'dity. n. f. [from tepid.] Lukewarmnefs. Ainf.
Tepor. n.f. [tepor, Lat.] Lukewarmnefs; gentle heat.
The fmall pox, mortal during fuch a feafon, grew more
favourable by the tepor and moifture in April. "Arbuthnot.
Terato'logy. n.f [T£pal©» and Xiyu.] Bombaft, afTdlation of falfe fublimity. ' Bailey.
Terce. n.f. [tie ce, Fr. triens, Latin.] A veflel containing
forty-two gallons of wine ; the third part of a butt or pipe.
Ainjw.
26 G Ters-
TER T E R
Terebi'nthinate. \adj. [terebinthine, Fr. tcrebinthum, Lat.]
Terebi'nthine. ) Confifting of turpentine; mixed with
turpentine.
Salt ferum may be evacuated by urine, by terebinthmates;
as tops of pine in all our ale. Flayer.
To Te'rebute. v. a. [terebro, Latin.] To bore; to perfo¬
rate ; to pierce.
Confider the threefold effeft of Jupiter’s trifullc, to burn,
difeuis, and terebrate. Browns Vulgar Err. b. ii.
Earth-worms are completely adapted to their way of life,
for terebrating the earth, and creeping. Derham.
Terebra'tion. n.f [from terebrate.] The a£f of boring or
piercing.
Herebration of trees makes them profper better; and alfo
it maketh the fruit Tweeter and better. Bacon.
Terge minous. adj. [tergeminus, Lat.] Threefold.
Tergiversa'tion. n.f. [tergum and verfo, Lat.]
1. Shift; fubterfuge ; evafion.
Writing is to be preferred before verbal conferences, as
being freer from paffions and tergiverfations. Bijhop Bramhall.
2. Change; ficklenefs.
The colonel, after all his tergiverfations, lofl his life in the
king’s fervice. Clarendon.
Term. n.f. [terminus, Latin.]
1. Limit; boundary.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation ; and they two are
as nature’s two terms or boundaries, and the guides to life
and death. Bacon s Nat. Hift. N°. 328.
2. [Terme, Fr.] The word by wrhich a thing is exprefied. A
word of art.
To apply notions philofophical to plebeian terms, or to
fay, where the notions cannot fitly be reconciled, that there
wanteth a term or nomenclature for it, be but fhifts of igno¬
rance. Bacon.
Thofe parts of nature into which the chaos was divided,
they fignified by dark and obfeure names, which wc have ex¬
prefied in their plain and proper terms. Burnet.
In painting, the greateft beauties cannot always be expreffed for want of terms. Dryden.
Had the Roman tongue continued vulgar, it would have
been neceffary, from the many terms of art required in trade
and in war, to have made great additions to it. Swift.
3. Words ; language.
Would curies kill, as doth the mandrakes groan,
I would invent as bitter fearching terms,
As curft, as harfii, as horrible to hear. Shakefpeare.
God to fatan firft his doom apply’d,
Though, in myfterious terms. Milton.
4. Condition ; ftipulation.
Well, on my terms thou wilt not he my heir ? Dryden.
Enjoy thy love, fince fuch is thy defire,
Live though unhappy, live on any terms. Dryden.
Did religion befiow heaven without any terms or conditions,
indifferently upon all, there would be no infidel. Bentley.
We flattered ourfelves with reducing France to our own
terms by the want of money, but have been ftill difappointed
by the great films imported from America. Addifon.
5. [Terming, old French.] Time for which any thing lafts ; a
limited time.
I am thy father’s fpirit.
Doom’d for a certain term to walk the night. Shakefpeare.
Why fhould Rome fall a moment ere her time :
No; let us draw her tei m of freedom out
In its full length, and fpin it to the daft. Addifon.
6. [In law.] The time in which the tribunals, or places of
judgment, are open to all that lift to complain of wrong,
or to feek their right by courfe of law or aiftion; the reft
of the year is called vacation. Of thefe terms there are
four in every year, during which matters of juftice are difpatched : one is called Hillary term, which begins the twentythird of January, or, if that be Sunday, the next day fol¬
lowing, and ends the twenty-firft of February ; another is
called Fafter term, which begins eighteen days after Eafter,
and ends the Monday next after Afcenfion-day; the third is
Trinity term, beginning the Friday next after Trinity Sun¬
day, and ending the Wednefday-fortnight after; the fourth
is Michaelmas term, beginning the lixth of November, or, if
that be Sunday, the next day'after, and ending the twentyeighth of November. Cowel.
The term fuiters may fpeed their bufinefs : for the end of
thefe feffions delivereth them fpace enough to overtake the
beginning of the terms. Carew.
Too long vacation haften’d on his term. Milton.
Thofe men employed as juftices daily in term time confult
with one another. Ilale.
What are thefe to thofe vaft heaps of crimes
Which terms prolong. Dryden.
To Term. v. a. [from the noun.] To name ; to call.
Men term what is beyond the limits ot the univerfe ima-
' ginarv fpace, as it no body exifted in it. Locke.
Te'rmagancy. n.f. [from termagant.] Turbulence; tumultuoufnefs.
6
By a violent termagancy of temper, fhe may never fufFcr
him to have a moment’s peace. Barker.
TF'RMAGANT. adj. [zyj\ and magan, Saxon, eminently
powerful.]
1. Tumultuous; turbulent.
’Twas time to counterfeit, or that hot termagant Scot had
paid me fcot and lot too. Shakcfp. Henry IV. p. i.
2. Quarrelfome ; fcolding ; furious.
The eldeft was a termagant, imperious, prodigal, profli¬
gate wench. Arbuthnofs Hijl. of John Bull.
Te'rmagant. n.f. A fcold ; a brawling turbulent woman.
It appears in Shakefpeare to have been anciently ufed of
men.
I could have fuch a fellow whipt for o’erdoing termagant;
it outherod’s Herod. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
For zeal’s a dreadful termagant,
That teaches faints to tear and rant. Hudibras, p. iii.
She threw his periwig into the fire : well, faid he, thou
art a brave termagant. Hitler, N°. 54.
The fprites of fiery termagants in flame
Mount up, and take a falamander’s name. Pope.
Te'rmer. n.f [from term.] One who travels up to the term.
Nor have my title leaf on pofts or walls.
Or in cleft flicks, advanced to make calls
For termers, or fome clerk-Jike ferving man. B. Johnfon.
Terminable, adj. [from terminate.] Limitable; that admits
of bounds.
To Terminate, v, a. [termino, Lat. terminer, Fr.]
1. To bound ; to limit.
Bodies that are folid, feparable, terminated and moveable,
have all forts of figures. Locke.
2. To put an end to : as, to terminate any difference.
To Te rminate, v. n. To be limited; to end ; to have an
end ; to attain its end.
That God was the maker of this vifible world was evi¬
dent from the very order'of caufes; the greateft argument by
which natural reafon evinces a God : it being neceflary in
fuch a chain of caufes to afeend to, and terminate in, fome
firft ; which fhould be the original of motion, and the caufe
of all other things, but itfelf be caufed bv none. South.
The wifdom of this world, its defigns and efficacy, termi¬
nate on this fide heaven. South's Sermons»
Fre I the rapture of my wifh renew,
I tell you then, it terminates in you. Dryden's Aurengzele.
Termination, n.f [from terminate.]
1. The acl of limiting or bounding.
2. Bound ; limit.
Its earthly and falinous parts are fo exactly refolved, that
its body is left imporous, and not difereted by atomical ter¬
minations. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
3. End; conclufion.
4. [In grammar; terminatio, Latin; terminaifon, Fr.] End of
words as varied by their fignifications.
Thofe rude heaps of words and terminations of an un¬
known tongue, would have never been fo happily learnt by
heart without fome fmoothing artifice. Watts.
5. Word ; term. Not in ufe.
She fpeaks poniards, and every word ftabs; if her breath
were as terrible as her te minations, there were no living near
her, fhe would infect to the North ftar. Shakej'peare.
Termi'nthus. n. f. [Tfp|w.»v0(§>\] A tumour.
Herminthus is of a blackifh colour; it breaks, and within
a day the puftule comes away in a flough Wijeman.
Te'rmless. adj, [from term.] Unlimited; boundlefs.
Thefe betraying lights look not up towards termkfs joys,
nor down towards endlefs forrovvs. Raleigh.
Te'rmly. adv. [from term.] Term by term; every term.
The fees or allowances that are termly given to thefe de¬
puties I pretermit. Bacon.
The clerks are partly rewarded by that means alfo, befides that termly fee which they are allowed. Bacon.
Te'rnary. adj. [ternairc, Fr. ternarius, Lat.] Proceeding by
threes ; confifting of three.
Te'rnary. 1n.f. [ternarius, Lat. ternio, Lat.] The numTe'rnion. $ her three.
Thefe nineteen confomnts flood in fuch confufed order,
fome in ternaries, fome in pairs, and fome Angle. Holder.
Te'rrace. n.f [terrace, French; terraccia, Italian.] A finall
mount of earth covered with grafs.
He made her gardens not only within the palaces, but
upon terraffes railed with earth over the arched roofs, planted
with all forts of fruits. Hemple.
Fear broke my flumbers, I no longer ftay,
But mount the terrace, thence the town furvey. Dryden.
To Te'rrace. v. a. [from the noun.]
The reception of light into the body of the building mufh
now be fupplied, by terracing any ftory which is in danger of
darknefs. Wottons Architecture.
Clermont’s terrac'd height and Efhcr’s groves. Tbomfon.
Terra'^ueous. adj. [terra and aqua, Latin.] Compofed of
land and water.
The
TER T E S
The terraqueous globe is, to this day, nearly in the fame
condition that the univerfal deluge left it. IVoodward.
Terre'ne. adj. [terrenus, Lat.j Earthly; terreftrial.
They think that the fame rules ot decency which ferve for
things done unto ten one powers, Ihould univerfally decide
what is fit in the fervice of God. Hooker, b. v.
Our terrene moon is now eclips d,
And it portends alone the fall of Antony. Shakefpeare.
God fet before him a mortal and immortal life, a nature
coeleftial and terrene ; but God gave man tohintfelf. Raleigh.
Over many a traCf
Of heav’n they march’d, and many a province wide,
Tenfold the length of this terrene. Milton's Par. Loft.
Te'rre-blue. n.f [terre and bleu, Fr.] A fort of earth.
Terre-blue is a light, loofe, friable kind of lapis armenus*
IVoodward's Meth. Fofiils.
TE'RRE-VERTE. n.f. [French.] A fort of earth.
Terre-verte owes its colour to a flight admixture of copper.
Woodward.''s Meth. Fofiils.
Terre-verte, or green earth, is light; it is a mean betwixt
yellow ochre and ultramarine. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Te'rreous. adj. [terreus, Lat.] Earthy; confifting of earth.
There is but little fimilitude betwixt a terreous humidity
and plantal germinations. Glanville's Seep.
According to the temper of the terreous parts at the bot¬
tom, varioufly begin intumefcencies. Brown's Vulgar Err.
Terrestrial, adj. [terrejlris, Lat.]
1. Earthly; not cceleftial.
Far paffing th’ height of men terrejlrial,
Like an huge giant of the Titan race. Spenfer.
Terrejlrial heav’n ! danc’d round by other heav’ns
That fhine, yet bear their bright officious lamps,
Light above light. Milton.
Thou brought’!!: Briareus with his hundred hands.
So call’d in heav’n; but mortal men belotv
By his terrejlrial name zEgeon know. Drydcn.
2. Confifting of earth ; terreous. Improper.
I did not confine thefe obfervations to land or terrejlrial
parts of the globe, but extended them to the fluids. Woodw.
To Terre'strify. v. a. [terrejlris and facio, Latin.] Io re¬
duce to the ftate of earth.
Though we fhould affirm, that heaven were but earth celeftified, and earth but heaven terrejlrifed; or, that each
part above had an influence on its divided affinity below ;
yet to Angle out thefe relations is a work to be effe&ed by
revelation. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
TeRRe'strious. adj. [terrejlris, Lat. tefrejlre, Fr.J I erreous ; earthy ; confifting of earth.
This variation proceedeth from terrejh ious eminences of
earth refpedfing the needle. Brown.
Te'rrible. adj. [terrible, Fr. from terribilis, Lat.]
1. Dreadful; formidable; caufing fear.
Was this a face to be expos’d
In the moil terrible and nimble ftroke
Of quick, crofs lightning. Shakefp. King Lear.
Fit love for gods
Not terrible, though terrour be in love. Milton.
Thy native Latium was thy darling care.
Prudent in peace, and terrible in war. Prior.
2. Great fo as to offend : a colloquial hyperbole.
Being indifpos’d by the terrible coldnefs of the feafon, he
repofed himfelf till the weather fhould mend. Clarendon.
I began to be in a terrible fear of him, and to look upon
myfelf as a dead man. Tillotjon.
Te'rribleness. n.f. [from terrible.'] Formidablenefs; the
quality of being terrible : dreadfulnefs.
Having quite loft the way of noblenefs, he ftrove to climb
to the height of terriblenefs. Sidney, b. ii.
Their terriblenefs is owing to the violent contufion and la¬
ceration of the parts. Sharp's Surgery.
Te'rribly. n.f. [from terrible.]
<j. Dreadfully ; formidably ; fo as to raife fear.
The polifh’d fteel gleams terribly from far,
And every moment nearer fhows the war. Dryden.
2. Violently ; very much.
The poor man fqualled terribly. Gulliver's Travels.
Te'rRIER. n.f. [terrier, Fr. from terra, earth.]
• 1. A dog that follows his game under-ground.
The fox is earth’d, but I fhall fend my two terriers in
after him. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
2. [Terrier, Fr.] A furvey or regifter of lands.
King James’s canons require that the bifhops procure a
terrier to be taken of fuch lands. Ayliffe.
3. [From terebro, Lat.] A wimble; auger or borer. Ainf.
Terri'fick. adj. [terrificus, Latin.] Dreadful; caufing ter¬
rour.
The ferpent, fubtleft bead of all the field,
Of huge extent fometimes, with brazen eyes
And hairy mane terrifick. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. vix»
The Britifh navy through ocean vaft
Shall wave her double crols, t’ extreme!! climes
Terrifick. Pbilips4
To Te'rrify. v.a. [terror andfacio, Latin.] To fright; to
fliock with fear; to make afraid.
Thou fcareft me with dreams, and terrifiejl me through
vifions. _ _ Job v\i. 14.
Simon flandered Onias, as if he had terrified Ileliodorus.
2 AFac. iv. 1.
In nothing terrified by your adverfaries>. Phil. i. 28.
Neither doth it befeem this moft wealthy ftate to be terri¬
fied from that which is right with any charges of war. Knol/es.
The amazing difficulty of his account will rather terrify
than inform him, and keep him from letting heartily about
fuch a talk as he defpairs ever to go through with. South.
Meteors for various purpofes to form ;
The breeze to cheer, to terrify the ftorm. Blackmore.
Territory, n.f [territorium, law Latin; terntoire, hr.]
Land; country; dominion; diftrieft.
Linger not in my territories longer than fwifteft expedition
will give thee time to leave our royal court. Shakefpeare.
They erected a houfe within their own territory, half way
between their fort and the town. Flayward.
Fie faw w'ide territory fpread
Before him, towns, and rural works between. AAilton.
Ne’er did the Turk invade our territory.
But fame and terror doubl’d ftill their files. Denham.
Arts and fciences took their rife, and flouriflred only in
thole fihall territories where the people were free. Swift.
Te'rrour. n.f. [terror, Lat. terreur, Fr.J
1. Fear communicated.
Amaze and terrour feiz’d the rebel hoft. AAilton.
The thunder when to roll
With terrour through the dark aerial hall. Milton.
2. Fear received.
It is the cowifh terrour of his fpirit
That dares not undertake. Shakefp. K ng Lear.
They !hot thorough both the walls of the town and the
bulwark alfo, to the great terrour of the defendants. Knolles.
They with confcious terrours vex me round. Milton.
O fight
Of terroUr, foul ahd ugly to behold,
Horrid to think, how horrible to feel. AFilton.
The plcafures and terrours of the main. Blacksnore.
3. The caufe of fear.
Lords of the ftreet, and terrours of the way. Anonym.
Thofe enormous terrours of the Nile. Prior.
So fpake the griefly terrour. Milton.
Terse, adj. [ters, Fr. terfus, Lat.]
1. Smooth.
Many ftones precious and vulgar, although terfe and fmooth,
have not this power attractive. Brown's Vulgar Err.
2. Cleanly written ; neat; elegant without pompoufnefs.
To raw numbers and unfinifh’d verfe.
Sweet found is added now to make it terfe. Dryden.
Thefe accomplifihments in the pulpit appear by a quaint,
terfe, florid ftyle, rounded into periods without propriety or
meaning. Swift's AFifcel.
Te'rtian. n.f. [tertiana, Lat.] Is an ague intermitting but
one day, fo that there are two fits in three days.
Tertians of a long continuance do moft menace this fymptom. Harvey on Confurnptions.
To Te'rT1ate. v. a. [tertio, tertius, Lat.] To do any thing
the third time.
Tesse'llated. adj. [tejfella, Lat.] Variegated by fquares.
Van Helmont produced a ftone very different from the teffellated pyrites. Woodivard on Foffilss
Test. n.f. [tejl, Fr. tefia, Italian.]
1. The cupel by which refiners try their metals.-
2. Trial; examination : as by the cupel.
All thy vexations
Were but my trials of thy love, and thou
Haft ftrarigely ftood the tijh Shakejpeare's Tempcjl.
Let there be fome more tejl made of my metal,
Before fo noble and fo great a figure
Be ftampt upon it. Shakefp. Meaf. for Meafure.
They who thought worft of the Scots, did not think there
would be no fruit or difeovery from that tejl. • Clarendcni
What ufe of oaths, of promife, or of tejl.
Where men regard no God but intereft. JVallcr.
Thy virtue, prince, has flood the tejl of fortune
Like pureft gold, that, tortur’d in the furnace,
Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight. Add*.
3. Means of trial.
Whom fhould my mufe then fly to, but the beft
Of kings for grace; of poets for my tejl. B. Johnfin.
To be read herfelf fire need not fear ;
Each tejl, and every light, her mule will bear. Dryden.
4. That with which any thing is compared in order to prove
its genuinenefs.
Unerring Nature, ftill divinely bright,
One clear, unchang’d and univerfal light.
Life, force, and beauty, muft to all impart,
At once the fource, and end, and tejl of art. Pope.
5.Difcriminative
T E S T E T
5. Difcriminative charafteriftick.
Our penal laws no Tons of yours admit,
Our teji excludes your tribe from benefit. Dryclen.
6. Judgment; didinftion.
Who would excel, when few can make a tef,
Betwixt indifPrent writing and the belt ? Dryden.
7* It feems to fignify any veffel that holds fire.
Your noble race
We banifli not, but they forfake the place:
Our doors are open : True, but ere they come.
You tofs your ’cenfing tejl, and fume the room. Dryden.
Testa'ceous. adj. [tejlaceus, Lat. tefacee, Fr.J
1. Confiding of fhells ; compofed of fhells.
2. Having continous; notjointed fhells; oppofed to crudaceous.
Tefaceous, with naturalifts, is a term given only to fuch
fifli whofe ftrong and thick fhells are entire, and of a piece;
becaufe thofe which are joined, as the lobders, are crudaceous: but in medicine all preparations of fhells, and f'ubftances of the like kind, are thus called. Quincy.
Several fhells were found upon the fhores, of the crudaceous and tejiaceous kind. Woodward's Nat. Hifi.
The mineral particles in thefe fhells is plainly to be difringuifhed from the tejiaceous ones, or the texture and fubdance
of the fhell. Woodiuard's Nat. Hiji.
TE'STAMENT. n. f. [tefament. Fr. tejiamentum, Lat.]
I. A will; any writing directing the difpofal of the poffeffions
of a man deceal'ed.
He bringeth arguments from the love which always the
tedator bore him, imagining that thefe, or the like proofs,
will convift a tejiament to have that in it which other men
can nowhere by reading find. Hooker, b. iii.
All the temporal lands, which men devout
By tejiament have given to the church.
Would they drip from us. Shakefp. Henry Y.
He ordained by his lad tejiament, that his TEneis fhould be
burnt. Dryden.
2. The name of each of the volumes of the holy feripture.
Testamentary, adj. [tejlamentaire, French; tejia?nentarius,
Lat.] Given by will; contained in wills.
How. many tejiamentary charities have been defeated by the
negligence or fraud of executors i by the fuppreffion of a
will ? the fubornation of witnedes, or the corrupt fentence
of a judge ? Atterbury s Sermons.
Te'state. adj. [tejlatus, Lat.] Having made a will.
By the canon law, the bifhop had the lawful didribution
of the goods of perfons dying tejiate and intedate. Ayliffe.
Testa'tor. n.J. [tejlator, Lat. tejiateur, French.] One who
leaves a will.
He bringeth arguments from the love or good-will which
always the tejiator bore him. Hooker, b. iii.
The fame is the cafe of a tejiator giving a legacy by kindnefs, or by promife and common right. Taylor.
TESTA'TRIX. n.f. [Latin.] A woman who leaves a will.
Te'sted. adj. [from tejl.~\ Tried by a ted.
Not with fond diekels of the tejied gold. Shakefpeare.
Te'ster. n. f. [tejie, French, a head : this coin probably be¬
ing didinguifhed by the head damped upon it.]
1. A fixpence.
Come manage me your caliver: hold, there is a tejler for
thee. Shakefpeare’s Henry IV. p. ii.
A crown goes for fixty pence, a drilling for twelve pence,
and a tejicr for fixpence. Locke.
Thofe who bore bulwarks on their backs.
And guarded nations from attacks.
Now praftife ev’ry pliant gedure,
Op’ning their trunk for ev’ry tejler. Swift’s Mifcei.
Young man your days can ne’er be long,
In flow’r of age you perifh for a fong;
Plums and direftors, Shylock and his wife.
Will club their tefiers now to take thy life. Pope.
2. The cover of a bed.
Testicle, n.f [teficulus, Lat.] Stone.
That a bever, to efcape the hunter, bites off his tejiicles
or dones, is a tenent very antient. Brown's Vulg. Err.
The more certain fign from the pains reaching to the
groins and tejiicles. Wifeman's Surgery.
Testification, n.f. [tejlificatio, Lat. from tejiify.'] The
aft of witneffing.
When together we have all received thofe heavenly myderies wherein Chrid imparteth himfelf unto us, and giveth
• vifible tejiifcation of our bleffed communion with him, we
fhould, in hatred of all herefies, faftions, and fchifms, de¬
clare openly ourfelves united. Hooker, b. v.
. In places folemnly dedicated for that purpofe, is a more
direft fervice and tejiifcation of our homage to God. South.
Testificator. n.J. [fxoxxt tejiificor, Latin.] One who witneffes.
Te'stifie!?. »./. [from tefify.] One who tedifies.
To TE STIr . v. n. [tejtfcor, Lat.] Towitnefs; to prove ;
to give evidence.
Jclus needed not that any fhould tejiify ©f man ; for he
knew what was in man. j0/m ^
One witnefs fball not tefify againd any, to caufe him to
die. Num. xxxv. 30.
Heaven and earth fhall tejiify for us, that you put us to
death wrongfully. 1 Mac. ii. 47.
Th’ event was dire.
As this place tfifes. Milton's Par. Lof, b. i.
ToTe'stify. v. a. To witnefs; to give evidence of any
point.
We fpeak that we do know, and tefify that we have feen:
and ye receive not our witnefs. John iii. n.
Te'stily. adv. [fxomtefy.] Fretfully; peevifhly; morofely.
Testimonial, n. f. [tefimonial, Fr. tefimonium, Lat.] A
writing produced by any one as an evidence for himfelf.
Hofpitable people entertain all the idle vagrant reports, and
fend them out with paffports and tejirrnonials, and will have
them pafs for legitimate. Government of the Tongue.
It is paffible to have fuch tefiimonidls of divine authority as
may be fufficient to convince the more reafonable part of
mankind, and pray what is wanting in the tedimonies of
Jefus Chrid ? Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
A clerk does not exhibit to the bidiop letters miffive or te~
fimonialy tedifying his good behaviour. Aylijfe.
TESTIMONY, n.f. [.tefimonium, Latin.]
1. Evidence given ; proof.
The proof of every thing mud be by the tefimony of fuch
as the parties produce. Spenfer.
If I bring you fufficient tefimony, my ten thoufand ducats
are mine. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
I could not anfwer it to the world, if I gave not your
lorddiip my tefimony of being the bed hufband. Dryden.
I mud bear this tefimony to Otway’s memory, that the
paffions are truly touched in his Venice Preferved. Dryden,
2. Publick evidences.
By his prefeript a fanftuary is fram’d.
An ark and in the ark his tefimony;
The records of his covenant. ATilton.
3. Open attedation ; profeffion.
Thou for the tefimony of truth had born
Univerfal reproach. Milton.
To Testimony, v. a. Towitnefs. A word not ufed.
Let him be but tefimonied in his own bringings forth, and
he fhall appear a fcholar, a datefman, and a foldier. Shakefp.
Te'stiness. n.f [from tefy.] Morofenefs.
Tefinefs is a difpofition or aptnefs to be angry. Locke.
Testu'dinated. adj. [tefudo, Lat.] Roofed; arched.
TestudiNeous. adj. [tefudo, Lat.] Refembling the fhell of
a tortoife.
TE'STY. adj. [tefie,Yx. tefurdo, Italian.] Fretful; peevifh;
apt to be angry.
Lead thefe iefy rivals fo adray.
As one come not within another’s way. Shakefpeare.
Mud I dand and crouch under your tefy humour ? Shak.
King Pyrrhus cur’d his fplenetick
And tefy courtiers with a kick. Hudibras, p. ii.
Averfe or tefy in nothing they defire. Locke.
In all thy humours, whether grave or mellow,
Thou’rt fuch a touchy, tefy, pleafing fellow ;
Had fo much wit, and mirth, and fpleen about thee.
There is no living with thee, nor without thee. Tatler.
Te'tchy. adj. Froward; peevifh: a corruption of tefy ox
touchy.
A grievous burthen was thy birth to me.
Tetchy and wayward was thy infancy. Shak. Rich. III.
A filly fchool-boy, coming to fay my leffon to the world,
that peevifh and tetchy mader. Graunt.
TETE A PETE. n. f. [French.] Cheek by jowl.
Long before the fquire and dame
Are tete a tete. Prior.
Deluded mortals, whom the great
Chufe for companions tete a tete ;
Who at their dinners, en famille.
Get leave to fit whene’er you will. Swift’s Mifcei.
Te'ther. n.f [See Tedder.] A dring by which horfes are
held from paduring too wide.
Hamlet is young,
And with a larger tether he may walk
Than may be given you. Shakefpearti
Fame and cenfure with a tether,
By fate are always link’d together. Swift's Mifcei.
Imagination has no limits; but where it is confined, we
find the fhortnefs of our tether. Swift.
To Te'ther. v. a. [from the noun.] To tie up.
Tetra'gonal. adj. [teJodyw®’.] Four fquare.
from the beginning of the difeafe, reckoning on unto the
feventh day, the moon will be in a tetragonal or quadrate
afpeft, that is, four Jigns removed from that wherein the
difeafe began ; in the fourteenth day it will be an oppofite
afpeft, and at the end of the third feptenary tetragonal again.
Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
Tetrape'talous. adj. [-rfc-c-apf? and art-raAov.] Are fuch
flowers as confid of four leaves round the dyle : plants having
a tcirapetalous dower conditute a didinft kind. Miller.
$ All
+ , * 4 •
T H A T R A
,1
* '* * 1 I * ,*• £ *
. t All the teirapetalous filiquofe plants are alkalefcent. Arbuth.
Te'trarch. n.f [tetrarcha, Lat. tetrarque, Fr. Tslpap^n?.]
A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province.
All the earth,
Her kings and tet>archs, are their tributaries :
People and nations pay them hourly ftipends. B. Johnfoh.
Tetra'rchaTe. 1 n.f. [ rtIpap^ia. J A Roman governTe'trarchy. J ment.
Tetra'stick. n.f. [rclpAn epigram or ftanza of
four verfes.
The tetrajlick obliged Spenfer to extend his fenfe to the
length of four lines, which would have been more clofely
confined in the couplet. Pope.
Te'trical. 7 adj. [tetricus, Latin; tetiique, Fr.] Froward;
Te'tricous. i perverfe ; four.
In this the tetrical baffa finding him to excel, gave him as
a rare gift to Solyman. Knolles's Hiji. of the Turks.
Te'tter. n.f. [terep, Saxon.] A fcab ; a fcurf; a ringworm.
A moft inftant tetter bark’d about
Moft lazar like, with vile and loathfome cruft.
All my fmooth body. Shakefp. Hamlet.
A fcabby tetter on their pelts will ftick. Dryden.
Tew. n. f. [towe, a hempen rope, Dutch.]
1. Materials for any thing. Skinner.
2. An iron chain. Ainf.
To Tew. v. a. [rapjan, Saxon.] To work; to beat fo as to
foften.
Te'wel. n.f. [tuyau or tuyal, French.]
In the back of the forge, againft the fire-place, is fixed a
thick iron plate, and a taper pipe in it above five inches long,
called a tewel, or tewel iron, which comes through the back
of the forge ; into this tewel is placed the bellows. Moxon.
To Te'wtaw. v. a. [formed from tew by reduplication.] To
beat; to break.
The method and way of watering, pilling, breaking, and
tewtazuing, of hemp and flax, is a particular bufinefs. Mort.
Text. n. f. [texte, Fr. textus, Lat.]
1. That on which a comment is written.
We expeCt your next
Shou’d be no comment but a text,
To tell how modern beafts are vext. TValler
2. A fentence of feripture.
In religion
What errour but fome fober brow
Will blefs it, and approve it with a text. Shakefpeare.
His mind he fhould fortify with fome few texts, which are
home and appofite to his cafe. South's Sermons.
Te'xtile. adj. [textilis, Latin.] Woven; capable of being
woven.
The placing of the tangible parts in length or tranverfe,
, as in'.the warp and woof of textiles. Bacon's Nat. HiJl.
The materials of them were not from any herb, as other
textiles, but from a ftone called amiantus. JVilkins.
Te'xtman. n.f. [text and man.] A man ready in quotation
of texts.
Mens daily occafions require the doing of a thoufand
things, which it would puzzle the beft textman readily to
bethink himfelf of a fentence in the Bible, clear enough to
fatisfy a fcrupulous confcience of the lawfulnefs of. Sanderfon.
Te'xtrine. adj. [textrina, Lat.] Relating to weaving.
It is a wonderful artifice how newly hatched maggots, not
the parent animal, becaufe fhe emits no web, nor hath any
textrine art, can convolve the ftubborn leaf, and bind it with
the thread it weaves from its body. Derham.
Te'xtuary. adj. [from text.]
1. Contained in the text.
He extends the exclufion unto twenty days, which in the
textuary fenfe is fully accomplifhed in one. Brown.
2. Serving as a text; authoritative.
I fee no ground why his reafon fhould be textuary to ours,
. or that God intended him an univerfal headfhip. Glanville.
Te'xtuarist. 7 n.f. [textuaire, Fr. from text.] One ready in
Te'xtuary. J the text of feripture; a divine well verfed
in feripture. . .
Te'xture. n.f. [textus, Lat.]
j. The aCt of weaving.
Skins, although a natural habit unto all before the inven¬
tion of texture, was foinething more unto Adam. Brown.
2. A web; a thing woven.
Others, far in the grafly dale.
Their humble texture weave. Thomfon's Spring.
3. Manner of weaving with refpeef either to form or matter.
Under ftate of richeft texture fpread. Milton.
A veil of richeft texture wrought fhe wears. Pope.
4. Difpofition of the parts of bodies; combination of parts.
Spirits not in their liquid texture mortal wound
Receive, no more than can third air. Milton.
While the particles continue entire, they may compofe bo¬
dies of the fame nature and texture now, with water and
earth compofed of entire particles in the beginning. Newton.
Than. adv. pSanne, Saxon.] A particle placed in comparifon
after the comparative adverb.
Were we not better to fall once with virtuej
Than draw a wretched and difhonour’d breath. B. Johnfoft'.
More true delight in that fiiiall ground,
Than in pofleffing all the earth was found. Daniel.
I never met witli a more unhappy conjuncture of affairs
than in the bufinefs of that unfortunate e..rl. King Charles.
He lov’d her rribre than plunder. Congreve’.
I love you for nothing more than for the juft eftcem you
have for all the Ions of Adam. , Swift'.
Thane, n.f. [Sejn, Saxon.] An old title of honour, per¬
haps equivalent to baron.
By Sinel’s death I know I’m thane of Glamis ;
But how of Cawdor ? the thane of Cawdor lives. Shakefp.
To Thank, v.a. pSancian, Saxon; dancken, Dutch; thahken, German.]
1. To return acknowledgments for any favour or kindnefs.
The forlorn foldier, that fo nobly fought,
He would have well become this place, -and grac’d
The thankings of a king. Shakefp. Cymheline.
For your ftubborn anfwer
The king fhall know it, and, iio doubt, thank you. Shah.
We thank God always for you. 2 Thef. i. 3.
He was fo true a father of’his country,
To thank me for defending ev’n his foes;
Becaufe they were his fubjeCts. Dryden's Spanifh Fryar.
2. It is ufed often in a contrary or ironical fenfe.
Ill fare our anceftor impure.
For this we may thank Adam. Milton.
Weigh the danger with the doubtful biifs,
And thank yourfelf, if ought fhould fall amifs. Dryden.
That Portugal hath yet no more than a fufpenfion of arms;
they may thank themfelves, becaufe they came xfo late into
the treaty ; and, that they came fo late, they may thank the
whigs, whole falfe reprefentations they believed. Swift.
Thank. 7 n.f. [Cancap, Saxon; daneke, Dutch.] AcknowThanks. $ ledgment paid for favour or kindnefs ; expreflion
of gratitude. Thanks is commonly ufed of verbal acknow¬
ledgment, gratitude of real repayment. It is feldom ufed in
the lingular.
The pooreft fervice is repaid with thanks. Shak'efpeare.
Happy be Thefeus, our renowned duke.
•—Thanks, good Egeus, what’s the news ? Shakefpeare.
1 he fool faith, I have no thank for all my good deed ; and
they that eat my bread fpeak evil of me. Eccluf. xx. if).
He took, bread, and gave thanks to God in prefence of
them all. Aftsxxvii. 35.
Thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory. 1 Cor. xv.
Some embrace fuits which never mean to deal effectually
in them ; but they will win a thank, or take a reward. Bacon.
For this to th’ infinitely good we owe
Immortal thanks. Milton.
Tha'nkful. adj. [Sancpul, Saxon.] Full of gratitude; ready
to acknowledge good received.
Be thankful unto him, and blefs his name. Pfal. c. 4.
In favour, to ufe men with much difference is good; for
it maketh the perfons preferred more thankful, and the: reft
more officious. Bacon's EJfays.
Live, thou great encourager of arts ;
Live ever in our thankful hearts. Dryden.
Tha'nkfully. adv. [from thankful.] With lively and grate¬
ful fenfe of good received.
Here is better than the open air; take it thankfully. Shak.
If you have liv’d, take thankfully the paft;
Make, as you can, the fweet remembrance laft. Dryden.
Out of gold how to draw as many diftinCt fubftances as I
can feparate from vitriol, I fhall very thankfully learn. Boyle.
Tha'nkfulness. n.f. [from thankful.] Gratitude; lively
fenfe or ready acknowledgment of good received.
He fcarcely would give me thanks for what I had done,
for fear that thankfulnefs might have an introduction of re¬
ward. Sidney, b. ii.
Will you give me this maid your daughter ?
—As freely, fon, as God did give her me.
—Sweet prince, you learn me noble thankfulnefs. Shakefp.
The celebration of thefe holy myfteries being ended, re¬
tire with all thankfulnefs of heart for having been admitted to
that heavenly feaft. Taylor.
Thankfulnefs and fubmiffion make us happy. L’Ejlrange.
Tha'nKLESS. adj. [from thank.]
1. Unthankful; ungrateful; making no acknowledgment.
Leaft fo great good, as he for her had wrought,
Should die unknown, and buried be in thanklefs thought.
Fairy Queen, b. i.
May he feel
How fharper than a ferpent’s tooth it is,
To have a thanklefs child. Shakefp. King Lear.
Bleft in thy genius, in thy love too bleft f
One grateful woman to thy fame fupply’d,
What a whole thanklefs land to his deny’d. Pope.
2. Not deferving, or not likely, to gain thanks.
I he contracting and extending the lines and fenfe of others,
26 H if
T H A THE
if the firft authors might fpeak for themfelves, would appear
a tbanklefs office. JVotton.
Wage ftill their wars,
And bring home on thy bread more tbanklefs fears. Crajhaw.
ThaTiklessness. n.J. [from tbanklefs.) Ingratitude ; failure
to acknowledge good received.
Not t’have written then, teems little lefs
Than world of civil vices, tbankleffnejs. Donne.
Ti-ianko'ffering. n.J [thank and offering.'] Offering paid
in acknowledgment of mercy.
A thoufand thank-offerings are due to that providence which
has delivered our nation from thefe abfurd iniquities. Watts.
Thanksgiving. n.J. [thanks and give.] Celebration of
mercy.
Thefe facred hymns Chriftianity hath peculiar to itfelf, the
other being fongs too of praife and tbankfgiving, wherewith as
we ferve God fo the Jews likewife. Hooker, b. v.
tude; meritorious.
Of old there were fongs of praife and thanljgiving unto
God. Neh. xii. 46.
We Ihould acknowledge our obligations to God for the
many favours we receive, by continual praifes and thankfgivings. Tillotjon's- Sermons.
Tha'nkworthy. adj. [thank and worthy.] Deferving gratiThis is thankworthy, if a man endure grief. 1 Pet. ii. 19.
If love be compell’d, and cannot chufe.
How can it grateful, or thank-worthy prove ? Davies.
Th-arm. n.J. [Seajim, Saxon; darm, Dutch, the gut.] Intedines twilled for leveral ufes.
That, pronoun, [thata, Gothick; ^aer, Saxon; dat, Dutch.]
1. Not this, but the other.
He wins me by that means I told you. Shakejpeare.
Oblavia, not only that,
That were excufeable, that and thoufands more
Of femblable import, but he hath wag’d
New wars againfl Pompey. Shakejpeare.
2. Which ; relating to an antecedent thing.
You’ll rue the time
That clogs me with this anfwer. Shakejp, Macbeth.
Nothing they but dull can fliow.
Or bones that haden to be fo. Cowley.
3. Who ; relating to an antecedent perfon.
Saints that taught and led the way to heav’n. Tickel.
4. It fometimes ferves to fave the repetition of a word or words
foregoing.
I’ll know your bufinefs, that I will. Shakjp. Henry IV.
They faid, what is that to us ? fee thou to that. Matth.
Ye defraud, and that your brethren. I Cor. vi. 8.
Yet for all that, when they be in the land of their ene¬
mies I will not call them away. Lev. xxvi. 44,
They weep as if they meant
That way at lead proud Nabas to prevent. Cowley.
This runick fubjebl will occur upon that of poetry. Temple.
What is inviting in this fort of poetry proceeds not fo
much from the idea of a country life itfelf, as from that of
its tranquillity. Pope.
5. Oppoled to this as the other to one.
This is not fair; nor profitable that;
Nor t’other quellion proper for debate. Dryden's Perfius.
In this fcale gold, in t’other fame does lie,
The weight of that mounts this fo high. Cowley.
6. When this and that relate to foregoing words, this is referred
like hie or cecy to the latter, and that like ille or cela to the
former.
7. Such as.
By religion is meant a living up to thofe principles, that is,
to a(St conformably to our bell reafon, and to live as becomes
thofe who believe a God and a future Hate. Tillotjon.
8. That which; what.
Sir, I think the meat wants that I have.
-Balling. Shakejp. Comedy of Errours.
9. The thing.
The Nazarite hath vowed, befides that that his handihall
get. Num.vi.21.
He made that art which was a rage. Colvley.
10. The thing which then was.
Secure proud Nabas llept,
And dreamt, vain man, of that day’s barb’rous fport. Cowley.
11. By way of eminence.
This is that Jonathan, the joy and grace.
That Jonathan in whom does mixt remain
All that fond mothers wilh. Cowley.
Hence love himfelf, that tyrant of my days. Cowley.
12. T hat. As being.
Things are preached not in that they are taught, but in
that they are publilhed. , Hookery. b. v.
Th A t. conjunction.
1.Becaufe.
It is not.that I love you lefs
Than when before your feet I lay;
But to prevent the fad increafe
Of hopelefs love, I keep away. Waller.
2
Forgive me that I thus your patience wrong. Cowley.
2. Noting a confequence.
That he Ihould dare to do me this difgrace.
Is fool or coward writ upon my face ? Dryden.
The cullom and familiarity of thefe tongues do fometimes
fo far influence the expreihons in thefe epiltles, that out may
obferve the force of the Hebrew conjugations. Locke.
3. Noting indication.
We anfwered, that we held it fo agreeable, as we both
forgot dangers pad and fears to come, that we thought an
hour fpent with him was worth years of our former life.
1 Bacon's New Atlantis.
4. Noting a final end. i -Go. r'n y, ' •• fl
Treat it kindly, that,it may
Wilh at leafl with us to day. Cowley.
Thatch. n.J. [Sace, Saxon,Jlraw, Skinner, from Sac, a
roof, in Illandick thak. Mr. Lye.] Straw laid upon the top
of a houfe to keep out the weather.
Hard by a dye, beneath a roof of thatch
Dwelt Obloquy, who in her early days
Bafkets of fifh at Billingfgate did . watch,
Cod, whiting, oyder, mackrel, fprat, or pkife. Sivifi.
A plough-boy, who has never leen any thing but that'ch-;
ed houfes, naturally imagines that thatch belongs, to the very
nature of a houfe. , 'Wdtts.
Then came rofy Health from her cottage ofthatch,- Smtcrt.
To Thatch, v. a. [Saccian, Saxon.] To cover aS with draw.
Make falfe hair, and thatch , :
Your poor thin roofs with burthens of the dead. Shakejp.
Mofs groweth chiefly upon ridges of houfes tiled or thatch4
ed. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Then Rome was poor, and there you might behold
The palace thatch'd with draw. Dryden.
Sonnets or elegies to Chloris
Might raife a houfe above two dories:
A lyrick ode would Hate, a catch
Would tile, an epigram would thatch. Swift.
On the cottage thatch'd, or lordly roof
Keen fadening. Thomfon.
Tha'tcher. n.J. [from tbateb.] One whofe trade is to cover
houfes with draw.
You merit new employments daily;
Our thatcher, ditcher, gard’ner, baily. Swift.
Afh is univerfal timber; it ferves the foldier, Teaman, car¬
penter, thatcher, and hufbandman. M01 timer.
To Thaw. v.n. [Bapan, Saxon; degen, Dutch.]
1, To grow liquid after congelation; to melt.
When thy melted maid
His letter at thy pillow hath laid ;
If thou begin’d to thaw for this.
May my name dep in. Donne,
It on firm land
Thaws not but gathers heap, and ruin feems
Of ancient pile ; all elfe deep fnow and ice. Milton.
Having let that ice thaw of itfelf, and frozen the liquor a
fecond time, we could not difeern any thing. Boyle.
2. To remit the cold which had caufed frod.
To Thaw. v. a. To melt what was congealed.
Bring me the faired creature northward born.
Where Phcebus’ fire fcarce thaws the Hides. Shakejpeare.
Think not that Caefar bears fuch rebel blood.
That will be thaw'd from the true quality
With that which melteth fools. Shakejp. ‘Julius Cajar.
My love is thaw'd.
Which, like a waxen image ’gaind a dre.
Bears no impreffion of the thing it was. Shakejpeare»
Burnifh’d deel, that cad a glare
From far, and feem’d to thaw the freezing air. Dryden.
She can unlock
The clafping charm, and thaw the numbing fpell. Milton.
Her icy heart is thaw’d. Granville.
Thaw. n.J. [from the verb.] Liquefadlion of any thing con¬
gealed ; warmth fuch as liquifies congelation.
I was the prince’s jeder, and duller than a great thaw.
Shakejp. Much ado about nothing.
A man of my kidney, that am as fubje«St to heat as but¬
ter; a man of continual diffolution and thaiv. Shakejpeare.
Hardens his dubborn heart, but dill as ice
More harden’d after thaw. Milton.
That cold country where difeourfe doth freeze in the air
all Winter, and may be heard in the next Summer, or at a
great thaw. Wilkins's Math. Magick.
When (harp frods had long condfain’d the earth,
A kindly thaw unlocks it with cold rain,
. Firft the tender blade peeps. Dryden.
The, article, [de, Dutch.]
J; The article noting, a particular thing.
Your foil has paid a foldier’s debt;
He onlv liv’d but till he was a man.
The which no fooner had his provvefs confirm’d.
In the urtihrinkipg dation where he fought.
But like a man he dy’d. Shakejpeare's Macbeth.
, : v... Ke
THE THE
He put him in mind of the long pretence he had to be
groom of the bed chamber, for the which he could not chufe'
but fav, that he had the queen’s promife. Clarendon, b. viii.
Unhappy Have, and pupil to a bell.
Unhappy till the laid, the kind releafing knell. Cowley.
I’ll march the mules Hannibal. Cowley.
The fair example of the hcav’nly lark.
Thy fellow poet, Cowley, mark ;
Above the ftars let thy bold mufick found,
Thv humble nett build on the ground. Cowley.
The fruit
Of that forbidden tree, whofe mortal tafte
Brought death into the world. Milton.
Night fhades the groves, and all in filence lie,
AH but the mournful philomel and I. Pope.
2. Before a vowel e is commonly cut off in verfe.
Who had th' efpecial engines been to rear
His fortunes up unto the ftate they were. Daniel.
Th' adorning thee with fo much art
Is but a barb’rous fkill,
’Tis like the pois’ning of a dart.
Too apt before to kill. Cowley.
3. Sometimes he is cut off.
In this tcale worth, in t'other gold does lie. Cowley.
4.In the following pallage the is ufed according to the French
idiom.
As all the confiderable governments among the Alps are
commonwealths, fo it is a conftitution the mold adapted of
any to the poverty of thefe countries. Addifon on Italy.
TheaTral. adj. [theatral, Fr. theatralis, Lat.J Belonging to
a theatre.
The'atre. n.f. [theatre, Fr. theatrum, Lat.]
1. A place in which {hews are exhibited ; a playhoufe.
This vyife and univerfal theatre,
Prefents more woful pageants than the feene
Wherein we play. Shakefp. As you like it.
When the boats came within fixty yards of the pillar, they
found themfelves all bound, yet fo as they might go about,
fo as they all flood as in a theatre beholding this light. Bacon.
2. A piice rifing by Ideps like a theatre.
Shade above {hade, a woody theatre
Of Idateliefd view. Milton.
In the midfd of this fair valley flood
A native theatre, which rifing flow,
By juft degrees o’erlook’d the ground below. Dryden.
Thea'trick. { adj. [theatrum, Latin.] Scenick; fuiting a
Theatrical. $ theatre; pertaining to a theatre.
Theatrical forms ftickle hard for the prize of religion: a
diftorted countenance is made the mark of an upright heart.
Decay of Piety.
Load fome vain church with old thcatrick ftate,
Turn arcs of triumph to a garden gate. Pope.
Thea'trically. adv. [from theatrical.] In a manner fuiting
the ftage.
Dauntlefs her look, her gefture proud,
Her voice theatrically loud. Swift's Mifcel.
Thee, the oblique Angular of thou.
Poet and faint, to thee alone were giv’n
The two mold facred names of earth and heav’n. Cowley.
Theft, n.f [from tkeif]
1. The add of ftealiqg.
Theft is an unlawful felonious taking away of another
man’s goods againft the owner’s knowledge or will. Cowed.
Hi-s thefts were too open, his filching was like an unfkilful
finger, he kept not time. ShakefpMerry Wives oj Windfor.
j Their nurfe Euriphile,
Whom for the theft I wedded, ftole thefe children. Shah.
2. The thing ftolen.
If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether
ox, afs, or fheep, he fhall reftore double. Exod. xxii. 4.
Their, n.f. [Seopa, of thcm% Saxon.] Of them: the pro¬
noun pofiefllve, from they.
The round world fhould have fhook
Lions into civil ftreets, and citizens into their dens. Shak.
For the' Italians, Dante had begun to file their language in
verfd before Boccace, who likewile received no little help
from his mafter Petrafch ; but the reformation of their profe
was wholly owing to Boccace. Dryden.
2. Theirs is ufed when any tiling comes between the pofleffive
and fufeftantive.
Prayer we always have in our power to beftow, and they
never in theirs to refufe. Hooker, b. v.
They uave the fame mimes to their own idols which the
Egyptians did to theirs. Raleigh.
The penalty to thy tranfgreflion due,
And due to theirs which out of thine will grow. Alilton.
Nothing but the name of zeal appears,
’Twixt our beft addions and the worft of theirs. Denham.
Vain are our neighbours hopes, and vain their cares,
The fault is more their languages than their s. Rojcommon.
Which eftablifhed law of theirs feems too ftridd at firft,
becaufe it excludes all fecret intrigues. Dryden.
And reading wifii, like theirs, our fate and fame. Pope.
Them, the oblique of they.
The materials of them were not from any herb. Wilkins.
Theme, n.f [theme, Fr. from B-sy.cc.]
1. A fubjedd on which one fpeaks or writes.
Every objedd of our idea is called a theme, whether it be a
being or not being. Witts.
Two truths are told,
As happy prologues to the {welling add
Of the imperial theme. Sbakefpeare s Macbeth.
When a foldier was the theme, my name
Was not far off. Sbakefpeare s Cymbeline.
O ! could I flow like thee, and make thy ftream
My great example, as it is my theme :
Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull;
Strong without rage, without o’erflowing full. Denham.
Whatever near Eurota’s happy ftream,
With laurels crown’d, had been Apollo’s theme. Rofcommon.
Though Tyber’s ftreams immortal Rome behold,
Though foaming Hermus fwells with tides of gold.
From heav’n itfelf though feven-fold Nikis flows,
And harvefts on a hundied realms beftows ;
Thefe now no more fhall be the mule’s themes,
Loft in my fame, as in the lea their ftreams. Pope.
2. A fhort diflertation written by boys on any topick,
3. The original word whence others are derived.
Let fcholars daily reduce the words to their original or
theme, to the firft cafe of nouns, or firft tenfe of verbs. Watts.
Themse'lves. n.f. j_See They and Self.]
1. Thefe very perfons.
Whatfoever evil befalleth in that, themfelves have made
themfelves worthy to fuffer it. Hooker, b. v.
2. The oblique cafe of they and felves.
They open to themfelves at length the way. M/ton.
Waken children out of fleep with a low call, and give them
kind ufage till they come perfedtly to themfelves. Locke.
Then. adv. [than, Gothick; ^an, Saxon; dan, Dutch.]
1. At that time.
The then bifhop of London, Dr. Laud, attended on his
majefty throughout that whole journey. Clarendon.
Thee, then a bey, with my arms I laid. Dryden.
2. Afterwards ; immediately afterwards ; foon afterwards.
If an herb be cut olF from the roots in Winter, and then
the earth be trodden down hard, the roots will become very
big in Summer. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 437.
3. In that cafe ; in confequence.
Had not men been fated to be blind.
Then had our lances pierc’d the treach’rous wood. Drydeni
Had fate fo pleas’d I had been eldeft born.
And then without a crime the crown had worn. Dryden.
If all this be fo, then man has a natural freedom. Locke.
4. Therefore; for this reafon.
If then his providence
Out of our evil feek to bring forth good. Milton.
Now then be all thy weighty cares away, ">
Thy jealoufies and fears, and, while you may, >
To peace and foft repofe give all the day. Dryden. }
5. At another time : as now and then, at one time and other.
Now fhaves with level wing the deep, then foars. Milton.
One while the mafter is not aware of what is done, and
then in other cafes it may fall out to be his own a£t. L'EJlr.
6. That time : it has here the effeeft of a noun.
Till then who knew
The force of thofe dire arms ? Milton.
Thence, -n.f [contracted, according to Minjhew, from there
hence.]
1. From that place.
Faft by the oracle of God ; I thence
Invoke thy aid. Milton.
Surat he took, and thence preventing fame,
By quick and painful marches thither came. Dryden.
2. From that time.
There {hall be no more thence an infant of days. Ifa. Ixv.
3. For that reafon.
Not to fit idle with fo great a gift
Ufelefs, and thence ridiculous about him. Milton's Agonifl.
4. From thence is a barbarous expreflion, theme implying the
fame.
From thence ; from him, whofe daughter
His tears proclaim’d his parting with her; thence
We have crofs’d. Sbakefpeare.-
There plant eyes, all muftfrom thence
Purge and difperfe. Milton.
The'nceforth. adv. [thence andforth.]
1. From that time.
Thenceforth this land was tributary made
T’ ambitious Rome. Spenfer.
They fhall be placed in Leinftcr, and have land given them
to live upon, in tuch fort as fhall become good iubjedfs, to
labour thenceforth for their living. Spenfer on Ireland.
Wrath (hall be no mere
Thenceforth, but in thy prefence joy entire. Milton.
2. From thenceforth is a barbarous corruption crept into later
books.
<. Avert
T H E THE
Avert
tIis holy eyes ; rcfolvingfrom thenceforth
To leave them to their own polluted ways. Milton.
Men grow acquainted with thefe felf-evident truths upon
their being propofed ; but whofoever does To, finds in himfelf that he (hen begins to kno'w a propofition which he
knew not before, and which from thenceforth he never quefAnd the mute wonder lurketh in mens cars,'
To fteal his fweet and honied fentences :
So that the aCl and pra&ick part of life
Muft be the miltrefs to this theorique. Shakefpearn
tions Locke.
Thencefo'rward. ddv. [thence andforward.] On from that
THE'OCRACY. n.f. [theortdtie, Fr. 3-f©* and xpfliu.] Go¬
vernment immediately fuperintended by God.
The characters of the reign of Chrift are chiefly jultice,
peace and divine prefence or conduCt, which is called theVocr<acy\ Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
TheocKA'tical. adj. [theocratique, Fr. from theocracy.] Re¬
lating to a government adminiftered by God.
qphe government is neither human nor angelical, but pe¬
culiarly Iheocrat cal. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
TheoGolite. n.f. A mathematical inftrument for taking
heights and diltances.
Thk'ogony. n.f. [tkeogonie, Fr. Stoyovloo.] The generation
of the gods. < _ Bailey.
Theologian, n.f. [theologien, Fr. theologus, Latin.] A di¬
vine; a profeffor of divinity.
Some theologians defile places ereCled only for religion by
defending oppreffions. . Hayward.
They to their viands fell: nor feemingly
The angel, nor in mift, the common glols
Of theologians, but with keen difpatch
Of real hunger. Miltons Par. Lojl, h. v.
ThEolo'gical. adj. [theologique, Fr. theologia, Lat.] Relating
to the fcience of divinity.
Although fome pens have only fymbolized the fame from
the myftery of its colours, yet are there other affeCHons
might admit of theological allufions. Brown.
They generally are extracts of theological and moral fen¬
tences, drawn from ecclefiaftical and other authors. Swift.
TheoLoGicaLly. adv. [from theological.] According to the
principles of theology.
Theo'logist. \n.f [theologus, Lat.] A divine; one ftudious
Theo'logue. S in the fcience of divinity.
The cardinals of Rome, which are theologues, friars, and
fchoolmen, call all temporal bufmefs, of wars, embaflages,
Ihirrery, which is under-Iheriffries. Bacon's Effays.
A theologue more by need than genial bent;
Int’reft in all his aCtions was difeern’d. Dryden.
It is no more an order, according to popifh theologijls, than
the prima tonfura, they allowing only feven ecclefiaftical
theologijls. ' Ayliffe's Parergon.
THE'OLOGY. n.f. [theologie, Fr. 5eo*o?Ioi.] Divinity.
The whole drift of the feripture of God, what is it but
only to teach theology f Theology, what is it but the fcience of
things divine ? Hooker, h. iii.
She was moft dear to the king in regard of her knowledge
in languages, in theology, and in philofophy. Hayward.
The oldeft writers of theology were of this mind. Tillotfon.
TheGmachist. n.f. He who fights againft the gods. Bailey.
TheGmachy. n.f [S-!©-5 and poeyfj The fight againft the
gOds by the giants. Bailey.
Theo'rbo. n.f. [tiorba, Italian; tuorbe, Fr.] A large lute
for playing a thorough bafs, ufed by the Italians. Bailey.
He wanted nothing but a fong,
And a well tun’d theorbo hung
Upon a bough, to eafe the pain
His tugg’d ears buffer'd, with a drain. Butler.
THEOREM, n. f. [;theorme, Fr. $eupny.a.] A pofition laid
down as an acknowledged truth.
Having found this the head theorem of all their difeourfes,
who plead for the change of ecclefiaftical government in
England, we hold it neceflary that the proofs thereof be
weighed. Hooker, b.- ii.
The chief points of morality are no lefs demonftrable than
mathematicks ; nor is the fubtilty greater in moral theorems
than in mathematical. Mores divine Dialogues.
Many obfervations go to the making up of one theorem,
which, like oaks fit for durable buildings, muft be of many
years growth. Gtaunt.
Here are three theorems, that from thence we may draw
fome conclufions. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Theop.ema tical. 1 a(ijr{rom theorem.] Comprifed in theTheorkmaTick. £ orLems confiding in theorems.
Iheore'mick. j
Theoretnick truth, or that which lies in the conceptions we
have of things, is negative or pofitive. Grew.
Theoretical.-j r- [thcoretique, French; y Speculative;
\ from S’twpriTJxo?.] I depending
| [theorique, Fr. from | on theory
nc.w - L •9'twpi'a.] J or fpeculation ; terminating in theory or fpeculation ; not practical.
When he fpeaks,
The air, a charter’d libertine, is ftill;
nave Oi umigs, is neg
Theoretical.-j
TheoreTick. I
TheoTical. f
Theo'rick. J
The theorical part of the inquiry being interwoven with
the hiftcrical conjectures, the philofophy of colours will be
promoted by indifputable experiments. Boyle on Colours.
For theoretiial learning and fciences there is nothing yet
complete. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
Theo'rick. n.f. [from the adjective.] A fpcculatift ; one who
knows only fpeculation, not practice.
The bookifh theorick,
Wherein the toged confuls can propofe
As mafterly as he ; meer prattle, without practice,
Is all his foldierfhip. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Theoretically. ) ,• j [fr°m theoretick.] ) SpeculativeTheo'rically. 5 C'‘ \ [from theorick.] J ly j not
practically.
TheGRst. n.f. [from theory.] A fpeculatift; one given to
fpeculation.
The greateft theorijls have given the preference to fuch a
form of government as that which obtains in this kingdom.
Addifon’s Freeholder, N°. 5 r.
THE'ORY. n.f [theorie, Fr. Steuplx.) Speculation; not prac¬
tice ; fcherne ; plan or fyftem yet fubfifting only in the mind.
If they had been themfelves to execute their own theory in
this church, they would have feen being nearer at hand.
Hooker, b. v.
In making gold, the means hitherto propounded to efteCt
it are in the pra&ice full of errour, and in the theory full of
unfound imagination. Bacon s Nat. HJl. N \ 326.
PraClice alone divides the world into virtuous and vicious ;
but as to the theory and fpeculation of virtue and vice, man¬
kind are much the fame. South's Sermons
Thskape'utick. adj. [S-tpccn-evlixcs.] Curative; teaching or
endeavouring the cure of difeafes.
Therapeutick or curative phyfick reftoreth the patient into
fanity, and taketh away difeafes actually afFeCbing. Brotvn.
The pradice and therapeutick is diftnbuted into the confervative, prefervative, and curative. Harvey.
Medicine is juftly diftributed into prophylaCtick, or the art
of preferving health ; and therapeutick, or the art of reftoring
it. Watts.
There, adv. [thar, Gothick; ’Sae/i, Saxon; daer, Dutch]!;
der, Danifli.]
j. In that place.
If they come to fojourn at my houfe.
I’ll not be there. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Exil’d by thee from earth to deepeft hell,
In brazen bonds fhall barb’rous difeord dwell j
Gigantick pride, pale terror, gloomy care.
And mad ambition fhall attend her there. Pope.
2. It is oppofed to here.
To fee thee fight, to fee thee traverfe, to fee thee here, to
fee thee there. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Wmdfor.
Could their relifhes be as different there as they are here,
yet the manna in heaven will fuit every palate. Locke.
Darknefs there might well feem twilight here. Milton.
3. An exclamation directing fomething at a diftance.
Your fury hardens me.
A guard there; feize her. Dryden's Aurengzebe.
4. It is ufed at the beginning of a fentence with the appearance
of a nominative cafe, but ferves only to throw the nomina¬
tive behind the verb: as, a man came% or there came a man.
It adds however fome emphafis, which, like many other
idioms in every language, muft be learned by cuftom, and
can hardly be explained. It cannot always be omitted with¬
out harfhnefs : as, in old times there was a great king.
For reformation of errour there were that thought it a part
of Chriftian charity to inftruCI them. Hooker.
There cannot in nature be a ftrength fo great, as to make
the leaft moveable to pals in an inftant, or all together,
through the leaft place. Digby on the Soul.
There have been that have delivered themfelves from their
ills by their good fortune or virtue. Suckling.
In human aCtions there are no degrees deferibed, but a la¬
titude is indulged. Bijhop Taylor.
Wherever there is fenfe or perception, there fome idea is
aCtually produced. Locke.
5. In compofition it means that: as thereby, by that.
Thereabout. 7 adv. [there and about, thereabouts is thercThe'reabouts. .) fore lefs proper.]
1. Near that place.
One fpeech I lov’d ; ’twas /Eneas’s tale to Dido ; and
thereabout of it efpecially, where he fpeaks of Priam s Haugh¬
ty Shakefp. Hamlet.
2. Nearly; near that number, quantity, or ftate.
Between the twelfth of king John and thirty nxth of king
Edward the third, containing one hundred and fifty years, or
thereabouts, there was a continual bordering war. Davies
Find a houfe to lodge a hundred and fifty perfons, whereof
thereabout may be attendants. Milton.
Some
twenty or
I
THE
Some three months fince, or thereabout,
She found me out.
Water is thirteen times rarer, and its refiftance lefs than
that of quickfilver thereabouts, as I have found by experi¬
ments with pendulums. Newton's Opticks.
2. Concerning that matter. .... a ,
As they were much perplexed thereabout, two men ltood
, } Luke xxiv. 4.
Thereafter, adv. [there and after.] According to that;
accordingly.
When you can draw the head indifferent well, proportion
the body thereafter. Peacham.
If food were now before thee fet,
Wou’dft thou not eat ? thereafter as I like
The giver. Milton.
Therea't. ad], [there and at.]
1. At that; on that account.
Every errour is a ftain to the beauty of nature ; for which
caufe it blulheth thereat, but glorieth in the contrary. Hooka .
2. At that place.
Wide is the gate, and broad is the way that leadeth to
deftruaion, and many go in thereat. Mat. vii. 13.
Thereby', adv. [there and by.] By that; by means of that;
in confequence of that.
Some parts of our liturgy confift in the reading of the
word of God, and the proclaiming of his law, that the people
may thereby learn what their duties are towards him. Hooker.
Therewith at laft he forc’d him to untie
One of his grafping feet, him to defend thereby. Fa. Qit.
Bein°- come to the height, they were thereby brought to an
abfolute neceffity. Davies on Ireland.
Dare to be true; nothing can need a lie,
A fault, which needs it moft, grows two thereby. Herbert.
If the paper be placed beyond the focus, and then the red
colour at the lens be alternately intercepted and let pafs, the
violet on the paper will not fuffer any change thereby. Newton.
Therefore, adv. [there and fore.]
j For that; for this ; for this reafon ; in confequence.
This is the lateft parley we will admit;
Therefore to our beft mercy give yourfelves. Shakefpearc.
FalftafF is dead,
And we muff yern therefore. Shakefp. Henry V.
Therefore fhall a man leave father and mother and cleave
„ . . -G Gen. ii. 24.
The herd that feeks after fenfual pleafure is foft and un¬
manly; and therefore I compofe myfelf to meet a {form. Lucas.
He blufhes; therefore he is guilty. Spectator.
The wreftlers fprinkled duft on their bodies to give better
hold • the Gory therefore was greater to conquei without
® J Weft's Pindar.
2 TrTreturh for this ; in recompence for this or for that.
We have forfaken all and followed thee, what (hah we
have therefore ? Mat. xix.27.
Therefro'm. adv. [there and from.] From that;_ from this.
Be ye therefore very couragious to do all that is written in
the law, that ye turn not aiide therefrom, to the right hand
or to the left. '!'• 6-
The leaves that fpring therefrom, grow white. M01 timer.
Therein, adv. [there and in.] In that; in this.
Therein our letters do not well agree. Shakefpearc.
JL Uc! cut, -— cp r 1 r 11
The matter is of that nature, that I find myfelf unable to
ferve you therein as you defire. Paeon.
All the earth
To thee, and to thy race, I give: as lords
Poffefs it, and all things that therein live. Milton.
After havino- well examined them, we (hall therein find
many charms.° . y Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Thereint'o. adv. [there and into.] Into that.
Let not them that are in the countries enter thereinto. Luke.
Though we fhall have occafion to fpeak of this, we will
now make fome entrance thereinto. _ Bacon.
Thereo'f. adv. [there and of] Of that; of this.
Confidering how the cafe doth ftand with this prefent age,
full of tongue and weak of brain, behold we yield to the
ftream thereof. Hooker, b. i.
’Tis vain to think that lading which mull end;
And when ’tis pad, not any part remains
Thereof, but the reward which virtue gains. Denham.
I fhall beGn with Greece, where my obfervations fhall be
confined to Athens, though feveral indances might be brought
from other dates thereof, Swift.
Thereo'n. adv. [there and on.] On that.
You fhall bereave yourfelf
Of my good purpofes, and put your children
To that deftruaion which I’ll guard them from,
If thereon you rely. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Peter called to mind the word that jefus faid ; and when
he thought thereon he wept. Markxiv. 72.
Its foundation is laid thereon. Woodward.
TheFeout. adv. [there &hd out.] Out of that.
Thereout a ftrange beaft with feven heads arofe,
That towns and caftles under her breaft did cour. Spenfer.
T H E
I hereto'. 1 adv. [there and to, or unto.] To that.
Thereunto'. )
is it in regard then of ferinons only, that apprehending
the 'T-ofpel of°Chrift we yield thereunto our unfeigned afient
as to a thing infallibly true. Hooker, b. v.
This fort of bafe people doth not for the mod part rebel of
themfelves, having no heart thereunto, but are by force drawn
by the grand rebels into their adion. Speyer on Ireland.
Next thereunto did grow a goodly tree. Fairy Queen.
That whereby we reafon, live and be
Within ourfelves we ftrangers are thereto. Davies.
A larger form of fpeech were fafer than that which punc¬
tually prefixeth a conftant day thereto. . Brown.
'What might his force have done, being brought thereto
When that already gave fo much to do ? ^ Daniel.
That it is the appointment of God, might be argument
enough to perfuade us thereunto. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Thereupon, adv. [there and upon.]
I. Upon that; in confequence of that.
Grace having not in one thing fhewed itfelf, nor for fome
few days, but in fuch fort fo long continued, our manned
fins driving to the contrary, what can we lefs thereupon con¬
clude, than that God would at leaft-wife, by tract of time,
teach the world, that the thing which he bledeth cannot but
be of him. Hooker, b. iv.
He hopes to find you forward
And thereupon he fends you this good news. Shakefpeare.
Let that one article rank with the red;
And thereupon give me your daughter. Shakefp. Henryk .
Though grants of extraordinary liberties made by a king
to his fubjeCts do no more diminiih his greatnefs than when
one torch lighteth another, yet many times inconveniencies
do arife thereupon. Davies on Ireland.
Children are chid for having failed in good manners, and
have thereupon reproofs and precepts heaped upon them. Locke.
Solon finding the people engaged in two violent factions,
of the poor an°d the rich, and in great confufion thereupon,
made due provifions for fettling the balance of power. Swift.
2. Immediately.
Thereu'nder. adv. [there and under.] Under that.
Thofe which come nearer unto reafon, find paradife under
the equinoctial line, judging that thereunder might be found
moft pleafure and the greateft fertility. Raleigh.
Therewith, adv. [there and with.]
1. With that.
Germany had ftricken off that which appeared corrupt in
the doCtrine of the church of Rome, but feemed in difeiphne
ftill to retain therewith very great conformity. Hooker, b. iv.
All things without, which round about we fee,
We feek to know, and have therewith to do. Davies.
Therewith at laft he forc’d him to untie
One of his grafping feet, him to defend thereby. Spenfer.
2. Immediately.
Therewitha'l. adv. [there and withal.]
1. Over and above.
Therewithal the execrable aCt
On their late murther’d king they aggravate. Daniel.
2. At the fame time.
Well, give her that ring, and give therewithal
That letter. Shakefp. Two Gentlemen of Verona.
3. With that.
His hideous tail then hurled he about,
And therewithal enwrapt the nimble thighs
Of his froth-foamy fteed. Spenfer.
Theri'acal. adj. [3"npionta ; from theriaca, Lat.J Medici¬
nal ; phyfical.
The virtuous bezoar is taken from the beaft that feedeth
upon the mountains, where there are theriacal herbs. Bacon.
THERMO'METER. n. f. [thermometre, Fr. Ssppos and
rpov.] An inftrument for meafuring the heat of the air, or
of any matter.
The greateft heat is about two in the afternoon, when the
fun is paft the meridian, as is evident from the thermometer,
or obfervations of the weather-glafs. Brown.
Thermome'trical. adj. [from thermometer.] Relating to the
meafure of heat.
His heat raifes the liquor in the thermometricaltubes. Cheyne.
ThE'rmoscope. n.f [thermofeope, Fr. S-epp-o; and <nco7r=w.]
An inftrument by which the degrees of heat are difcovered ;
a thermometer.
By the trial of the thermofeope, fifties have more heat than
the element which they fwim in. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
These, pronoun, the plural of this.
1. Oppofed to thofe.
Did we for thefe barbarians plant and fow
On thefe, on thefe our happy fields beftow ? Dryden.
2. Thefe relates to the perfons or things laft mentioned ; and
thofe to the firft.
More rain falls in June and July than in December and
January ; but it makes a much greater fhew upon the earth
in thefe months than in thofe, becaufe it lies longer upon it.
Woodward’s Nat. Hif. p. iv.
26 I The'sis.
T H I
The'sis. n.f. [thefe, Fr> 3-£'<n?.] A pofition; fomething laid
down ; affirmatively or negatively.
The truth of what you here lay down,
By fome example fhould be fhewn.
An honeft, but a fimple pair.
May ferve to make this thefts clear. Prior.
The'sMothete. n.f. [thefmothete, Fr. $ttrpo$'irv<;; $«ry.oi
and rfori»/.«.] A lawgiver.
The'urgy. n.f. [Sevpyia..] The power of doing fupernatural
things by lawful means, as by prayer to God. Bailey.
THEW. n.f. [%‘eap, Saxon.]
1. Quality; manners; cuftoms ; habit of life; form of beha¬
viour.
Home report thefe happy news.
For well yee worthy been for worth and gentle thewes.
Fairy Tfueen, b. i.
From mother’s pap I taken was unfit.
And (freight deliver’d to a fairy knight.
To be upbrought in gentle thewes and martial might.
Fairy f$ueen, b. i.
2. In Shakefpeare it feems to fignify brawn, or bulk, from the
SaxOn ^eop, the thigh, or fome fuch meaning.
Nature crefcent does not grow alone
In thews and bulk; but, as this temple waxes.
The inward fervice of the mind and foul
Grows wide withal. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Will you tell me, mafter Shallow, how to chufe a man ?
Care I for the limbs, the thewes, the flature, bulk and big
femblance of a man ? give me the fpirit, mafter Shallow.
Shakefpeare’s Henry IV.
The'wed. adj. [from thew.] Educated; habituated; accuftomed.
But he was wife and wary of her will,
And ever held his hand upon his heart;
Yet would not feem fo rude, and thewed in ill.
As to defpife fo courteous feeming part. Fairy Ffu. b. ii.
They. n. f. in the oblique cafe them, the plural of he or Jhe.
[SSi, Saxon.]
1. The men ; the women ; the pcrfons.
They are in a moft warlike preparation. Shak. Coriolanus.
Why do you keep alone ?
Of forrieft fancies your companions making,
Ufing thofe thoughts, which fhould indeed have died
With them they think on. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The Spaniard
Muft now confefs, if they have any goodnefs.
The trial juft and noble. Shakefpeare.
They eat on beds of filk and gold.
At ivory tables, or wood fold
Dearer than it. Benj. Johnfon’s Cataline.
They know
'Fo joy the friend and grapple with the foe. Prior.
2. Thole men ; thofe women : oppofed to fome others.
Only they.
That come to hear a merry play,
Will be deceiv’d. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
’Tis remarkable, that they
Talk moft who have the leaft to fay. Prior.
3. It is ufed indefinitely ; as the French on dit.
There, as they fay, perpetual night is found
In filence brooding on th’ unhappy ground. Dryden.
Thi'ble. n.f. A flice ; a fcummer ; a fpatula. Ainf.
THICK, adj. pSicce, Saxon; dick, Dutch; dyck, Danifh;
thickur, Iilandick.]
1. Not thin.
2. Denfe; not rare; grofs; crafs.
God caufed the wind to blow, to dry up the abundant
flime of the earth, make the land more firm, and cleanfe the
air of thick vapours and unwholefome mills. Raleigh.
To warm milk pour fpirit of nitre ; the milk prefently
after will become thicker than it was. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. Not clear; not tranfparent; muddy; feculent.
Why haft thou loft the frelh blood in thy cheeks.
And given my treafures and my rights of thee.
To thick ey’d mufing and curs’d melancholy l Shakefp.
A fermentation makes all the wine in the veflel thick or
foul; but when that is paft, it grows clear of itfelf. Temple.
Encumber’d in the mud, their oars divide
With heavy ftroaks the thick unwieldy tide. Addifon.
4. Great in circumference ; not flender.
My little finger fhall be thicker than his loins. 1 Kings xii.
I hou art waxen fat; thou art grown thick, covered with
fatnefs. £>cuU xxxii. 15.
5* Irequcnt; in quick fuccelfion ; with little intermiffion.
They charged the defendants with their fmall fhot and
Turky arrows as thick as hail. ‘ Knolles.
favours came thick upon him, liker main Ihowers than
fprinlding drops or dews; for the next St. George’s day he
was knighted, made gentleman of the king’s bed-chamber,
and an annual penfion given him. IVotton.
This being once a week, came too thick and too often
about, Spelman,
T H I
His pills as thick as handgranado’s flew.
And where they fell as certainly they flew. Rofcommon.
6. Clofe ; not divided by much fpace; crowded.
It brought them to a hollow cave.
Amid the thickef woods. Fairy F$u. b. i.
T he people were gathered thick together. Luke xi. 29.
Not thicker billows beat the Libyan main,
Nor thicker harvefts on rich Hcrmus rife.
Than ftand thefe troops. Dryden's /En.
He fought fecure of fortune as of fame;
Still by new maps the ifland might be fhewn :
Conquefts he ftrew’d where’er he came.
Thick as the galaxy with ftars is fown. Dryden.
Objedls of pain or pleafure do not lie thick enough toge¬
ther in life to keep the foul in conftant adion. Addifon.
7. Not eafily pervious ; fet with things clofe to each other.
He through a little window caft his fight,
Though thick of bars that gave a fcanty light. Dryden.
The fpeedy horfe
Watch each entrance of the winding wood,
Black was the foreft, thick with beech it flood. Dryden.
Next the proud palace of Salerno flood
A mount of rough afcent, and thick with wood. Dryden.
Bring it near fome thick-headed tree. Mortimer.
8. Coarfe; not thin.
It tafteth a little of the wax, which in a pomegranate, or
fome fuch thick-coated fruit, it would not. Bacon.
ThickAtaved weeds amongft the grafs will need more dry¬
ing than ordinary grafs. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
9. Without proper intervals of articulation.
Speaking thick, which nature made his blemifh.
Became the accents of the valiant.
To feem like him. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Thick, n. f. [from the adje<5live.]
1. The thickeft part or time when any thing is thickeft.
Achimetes having with a mine fuddenly blown up a great
part of the wall of the Spanifh ftation, in the thick of the
duft and fmoak prefently entered his men. Knolles.
2. Thick and thin. Whatever is in the way.
Through perils both of wind and limb.
Through thick and thin fhe followed him. Hudibras,
When firfl the down appears upon his chin.
For a fmall fum to fwear through thick and thin. Dryden:
Thick, adv. [It is not always eafy to diftinguifh the adverb
from the adjedlive.]
1. Frequently; faft.
’Tis fome difafter,
Or elfe he would not fend fo thick. Denham’s Sophy.
I hear the trampling of thick beating feet;
This way they move. Dryden’s Don Sebafian.
2. Clofely.
The neighb’ring plain with arms is cover’d o’er;
The vale an iron harveft feems to yield,
Of thick fprung lances in a waving field. Dryden:
A little plat of ground thick fown, is better than a great
field which lies fallow. Norris’s Mifcel.
3. To a great depth.
If you apply it thick fpread, it will eat to the bone. Wifem.
Cato has piercing eyes, and will difcern
Our frauds, unlefs they’re cover’d thick with art. Addifon.
41 Thick and threefold. In quick fucceflion; in great numbers.
They came thick end threefold for a time, till one expe¬
rienced ftager difcovered the plot. L’Efrange’s Fab.
To Thi'cken. v. a. [from thick.]
1. To make thick.
2. To make clofe; to fill up interftices.
Waters evaporated and mounted up into the air, thicken
and cool it. Woodward’s Nat. Hijl.
3. Tocondenfe; to concrete.
The white of an egg gradually diflolves by heat, exceed¬
ing a little the heat of a human body; a greater degree of
heat will thicken it into a white, dark-coloured, dry, vifeous
ma^s* Arbuthnot on Aliments,
4. To ftrengthen ; to confirm.
Tis a fhrewd doubt, though it be but a dream;
And this may help to thicken other proofs,
That do demonftrate thinly. Shakefp. Othello.
5. To make frequent.
6. To make clofe or numerous.
To Thi'cken. v.n.
1. To grow thick.
2. To grow denfe or muddy.
Thy luftre thickens
When he (bines by. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To concrete; to be confolidated.
Water ftopt gives birth
To grafs and plants, and thickens into earth. Prior.
To grow clofe or numerous.
Fhe prefs of people thickens to the court,
Th’ impatient crowd devouring the report. Dryden.
He faw the crowd thickening, and defired to know how
many there were. Tatler.
4 5. To
T H I
/
5. To grow quick.
The combat thickens, like the dorm that flies
From weftward when the (how’ry kids arife,
Or patt’ring hail comes pouring on the main,
When Jupiter defcends in harden’d rairi. Addifon.
Thi'cket. n.f [Siccetu, Saxon.] A clofe knot or tuft of
trees ; a clofe wood or copfe.
I drew you hither.
Into the chiefefl thicket of the park. Shakefpeare.
Within a thicket I repos’d ; and found
Let fall from heav’n a fleep interminate. Chapman.
Chus, or any of his, could not in hade creep through
thofe defart regions, which the length of one hundred and
thirty years after the flood had fortified with thickets, and
permitted every bufh and briar, reed and tree, to join themfelves into one main body and fared., Raleigh.
How often, from the fleep
Of echoing hill, or thicket, have we heard
Cceleftial voices, to the midnight air,
Sole, or refponftve, each to other’s note,
Singing their great Creator ? Milton,
My brothers ftept to the next thicket fide
To bring me berries. Milton.
Now Leda’s twins
Their trembling lances brandifh’d at the foe ;
Nor had they mifs’d, but he to thickets fled,
Conceal’d from aiming fpears, not pervious to the fteed.
Dryden.
I’ve known young Juba rife before the fun.
To beat the thicket where the tyger flept,
Or feek the lion in his dreadful haunts. Addifon's Cato.
Thi'ckly. adv. [from thick.] Deeply; to a great quantity.
Mending cracked receivers, having thickly overlaid them
with diachylon, we could not perceive leaks. Boyle.
Thickness, n.f [from thick.]
1. The flate of being thick ; denfity.
2. Quantity of matter interpofed; fpace taken up by matter
interpofed.
In the darkened room, againft the hole at which the light
entered, I could eafily fee through the whole thicknefs of my
hand the motions of a body placed beyond it. Boyle.
3. Quantity laid on quantity to fome confiderable depth.
Poll a tree, and cover it fome thicknefs with clay on the
top, and fee what it will put forth. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
4. Confiftence ; groflnefs ; not rarenefs ; fpiflitude.
Nitre mingled with water to the thicknefs of honey, and
anointed on the bud after the vine is cut, it will fprout
forth. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl. N\ 444.
Difeafes imagined to come from the thicknefs of blood,
come often from the contrary caufe. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
5. Impervioufnefs; clofenefs.
The banks of the river and the thicknefs of the (hades drew
into them all the birds of the country. Addifon.
6. Want of (harpnefs ; want of quicknefs.
A perfon found in himfelf, being at fome times fubjecfl to
a thicknefs of hearing, the like effedt. Holder.
What you write is printed in large letters ; otherwife be¬
tween the weaknefs of my eyes and thicknefs of hearing, I
(Iiould lofe the greateft pleafure. Swift.
Thi'ck-sculled. adj. Dull; ftupid.
Pleas’d to hear their thick-f'cull'd judges cry.
Well mov’d ! oh finely faid ! Dryden.
This downright fighting fool, this thick-fcull'd hero.
This blunt unthinking inftrument of death.
With plain dull virtue has outgone my wit. Dryden.
Thi ckset. adj. [thick and fet.] Clofe planted.
His eye-balls glare with fire, fuffus’d with blood.
His neck (hoots up a thickfet thorny wood ;
His briftled back a trench impal’d appears.
And ftands eredled, like a field of fpears. Dryden.
The world is fo thickfet with the numerous productions of
the creatures, that befides the apparent beauty of things view¬
ed by all, there are thofe fecret graces in every part of na¬
ture, which fome few alone have the fkill to dilcern. Grew.’
Thi'ckskin. n.f. [thick andJkin.J A coarfe grofs man; a
numlkul.
The (hallow’d thickfkin of that barren fort.
Who Pyramus prefented in their fport,
Forfook his feene and enter’d in a brake. Shakefpeare.
THIEF, n.f. [thiubs, Gothick; Beif, Saxon; dief Dutch.
Jt was anciently written thieof and fo appeareth to have been
of two fyllables ; thie was wont to be taken for thrift, fo
that thie of is he that takes of or from a man his thie, that is,
his thrift or means whereby he thrives.']
I. One who takes what belongs to another : the thief fteals by
fecrecy, and the robber by violence; but thefe fenfes are con¬
founded.
Take heed, have open eye ; for thieves do foot by night.
Shakefpeare,
This he faid becaufe he was a thief and had the bag. John.
Can you think I owe a thief my life,
Becaufe he took it not by lawlefs force l
T H t
Dryden,
May.
One whofe bufinefs is to de¬
tect thieves.
Am I obliged by that t’ aflift his rapines.
And to maintain his murders ?
2. An excrefcence in the fnuff of a candle.
Their burning lamps the dorm enfuing (how,
Th’ oil fparkles, thieves about the fnuff do grow.
Thief-catcher, l I [thief and catch.] i ~
Thief-leader, v n.f. < [thief and lead.] V
Thief-tTak er. J L [thief and take.] )
and bring them to juftice.
A wolf palled by as the thief-leaders were dragging a fox
to execution. L'Eflrange.
My ev’nings all I would with (harpers fpend;
And make the thief-catcher my bofom friend. Bramjlon.
To Thieve, v.n. [from thief.] Tofteal; to pradtife theft.
Thi'eveRY. n.f. [from thieve.]
1. The pradtice of dealing.
Ne how to fcape great punifliment and (hame,
For their falfe treafon and vile thievery. Spenfer.
Mafler, be one of them; ’tis an honourable kind of
thievery. Shakefpeare.
Do villainy, do, fince you profefs to do’t.
Like workmen ; I’ll example you with thievery. Shakefp.
He makes it a help unto thievery, for thieves having a defign upon a houfe, make a fire at the four corners thereof,
and cad therein the fragments of loaddone, which raifeth
fume. Brown’s Vulg. Errours, b. ii.
Amongfl the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good
and honed. South.
2. That which is dolen.
Injurious time now, with d robber’s hade,
Crams his rich thiev’ry up he knows not how; Shakefp:
Thievish. adj. [from thief]
1. Given to dealing ; praCtifing theft.
What, would’d thou have me go and beg my food ?
Or with a bafe and boiff’rous fword enforce
A thievijh living on the common road. Shakefpeare.
O thievijh night,
Why (hould’d thou, but for fome felonious end;
In thy dark lanthorn thus clofe up the ffars;
That nature hung in heav’n, and fill’d their lam^s
With everladihg oil, to give due light
To the milled and lonely traveller ? Miltorl.
The thievijh God fufpeCted him, and tqok
The hind afide, and thus ili whifpers fpoke;
Difcover not the theft. Addifon.
2. Secret; fly.
Four and twenty times the pilot’s glafs
Hath told tfie thievijh minutes how they pafs. .Shakefp.
Thi'evishly. adv. [from thievif.] Like a thief.
They lay not to live by their worke,
But thievifhly loiter and lurke. Duffer's Hufbt
Thi'evishness. n.f. [from thievijh.] Difpofition to deal;
habit of dealing.
Thigh, n.f. [^eop, Saxon; thieo, Iflandick; die, Dutch.]
The thigh includes all between the buttocks and the knee.
The thigh bone is the longed of all the bones in the body :
its fibres are clofe and hard : it has a cavity in its middle : it
is a little convex and round on its forefide, but a little hol¬
low, with a long and fmall ridge on its backfide. ffuincy.
He touched the hollow of his thigh, and it was out of
joint. Gen. xxxii. 25.
The flefll diflolved, and left the thigh bone bare. IVifeman,
Thilk. pronoun, [julc, Saxon.] T hat fame. Obfolete.
I love thilk lafs: alas, why do I love !
She deigns not my good will, but doth reprove.
And of my rural mufick holdeth fcorn. Spenfer's Pajl.
THILL, n. f. [?>dle, Saxon, a piece of timber cut.] The
(hafts of a waggon; the arms of wood between which the
lad horfe is placed.
More eafily a waggon may be drawn in rough ways if the
fore wheels were as high as the hinder wheels, and if the
thills were fixed under the axis. Mortimer's Hufb.
Thill-horse. \n.f. [thill and horfe.] The lad horfe; the
Thi'ller. ) horfe that goes between the (hafts.
Whofe bridle and faddle, whitlether and nal,
With collars and harneifs for thiller and al. Duffer.
What a beard had thou got ? thou had got more hair on
thy chin, than Dobbin my thill ho.rfe has on his tail. Shak.
Thi'mble. n.f. [This is fuppofed by Minfhnv to be corrupted
from thumb bell.] A metal cover by which women fecure theif
fingers from the needle when they few.
Your ladies and pale vifag’d maids,
Like Amazons* come tripping after drums ;
Their thimbles into armed gantlets change.
Their needles to lances. Shakefp. King John,
Examine Venus and the Moon;
Who dole a thimble or a fpooh. Hudibras, p. i.
Veins that run perpendicular to the horizon, have valves
flicking to their fides like fo many thimbles; which, when
the blood preffes back, flop its paffage, but are compreffed
by the forward motion of the blood. Cheyne.
Thymb.
T H I
Thime. n.f [thymus, Lat. thym, Fr.] A fragrant herb from
which the bees are fuppofed to draw honey. This lhould be
written thyme, which fee.
Fair marigolds, and bees alluring thyme. Spenfer.
THIN. adj. [Sinn, Saxon; thunnur, Iflandick; dunn, Dutch.]
1. Not thick. ... t-\ j
Beat gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires. Lxo .
2. Rare; not denfe. . , . ...
The hope of the ungodly is like thin froth, that is blown
away with the wind. \v“ T4*
In the day when the air is more thin, the found pierceth
better ; but when the air is more thick, as in the night, the
found fpendeth and fpreadeth abroad lefs. Bacon.
Underhand the fame
Of fifh within their wat’ry refidence ;
Not hither fummon’d, fince they cannot change
Their element, to draw the thinner air. Milton.
The waters of Borifthenes are fo thin anL ight, that they
fwim upon the top of the ftream of the river Hypams
More.
To warm new milk pour any alkali, the liquor will re¬
main at reft, though it appear fomewhat thinner. Arbuthnot.
q. Not clofe ; feparate by large fpaces.
^ He pleas’d the thin and bafhful audience
Of our well-meaning, frugal anceftors. Rofcommon.
Thou art weak, and full of art is he ;
Elfe how could he that hoft feduce to fin,
Whofe fall has left the heav’nly nation thin? Dryden.
Northward, beyond the mountains we will go,
Where rocks lie cover’d with eternal fnow,
Thin herbage in the plains, and fruitlefs fields,
The fand no gold, the mine no filver yields. Dryden.
Thin on the tow’rs they ftand; and ev’n thofe few,
A feeble, fainting, and dejetfed crew. Dryden.
Already Caefar
Has ravag’d more than half the globe; and fees
Mankind grown thin by his deftruaive fword. Addijon.
4. Not clofely compaaed or accumulated. .
Seven thin ears blafted with the eaft wind fprung up. Ccn.
Remove the fwelling epithets, thick laid
As varnifh on a harlots cheek; the reft
Thin fown with ought of profit or delight. Milton.
Thin leaved arbute hazle-graffs receives,
And planes huge apples bear that bore but leaves. Dryden.
5. Exile; fmall.
I hear the groans of ghoits ;
Thin, hollow founds, and lamentable fereams. Dryden.
6. Not coarfe ; not grofs in lubftance.
7. Not abounding. , n ... .
Spain is thin fown of pe6ple, by reafon of the ftenhty of
the foil and the natives being exhaufted in fuch vaft territo¬
ries as they poflefs. , RVr”'
Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people. Addijon.
8. Not fat; not bulky; lean; Aim; flender. .
A Him thin gutted fox made a hard fhift to wriggle his
body into a hen-rooft, and when he had fluffed his guts well,
the hole was too little to get out again. L'Ejhange.
Thin. adv. Not thickly. . .
Fame is the fpur, that the clear fpint doth raife,
That laft infirmity of noble mind.
To fcorn delights, and live laborious days ;
But the fair guerdon when we hope to find.
And think to burft out into fudden blaze,
Comes the blind fury with th’ abhorred fheers,
And flits the thin fpun life. . Milton.
A country gentlewoman, if it be like to rain, goes not
abroad thin clad. . 0C'C'
To Thin. v. a. [from the adje&ive.]
1. To make thin or rare ; not to thicken.
The ferum of the blood is neither acid nor alkaline : oil of
vitriol thickens, and oil of tartar thins it a little. Jrbuthnot.
2. To make lefs clofe or numerous.
The bill againft root and branch never paffed till both
houfes were fufficiently thinned and overawed. King Charles.
T’ unload the branches, or the leaves to thin
That fuck the vital moifture of the vine. Dryden.
’Tis Csefar’s fword has made Rome s fenate little.
And thinn'd its ranks. Addifon s Cato.
3. To attenuate.
The vapours by the folar heat
Tbinn'd and exhal’d rife to their airy feat. Blackmore.
Thi'nly. adv. [frofn thin.] Not thickly ; not clofely; not
denfely; not numeroufly.
It is commonly opiniOned, that the earth was thinly inha¬
bited before the flood. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vi.
Thine, pronoun. [thein, Gothick ; ftin, Saxon ; dijn, Dutch.]
Belonging or relating to thee ; the pronoun poffeflive of thou.
It is ufed for thy when the lubftantive is divided from it; as,
this is thy houfe; thine is this houfe ; this houfe is thine.
Thou haft her, France ; let her be thine, for we
Have no fuch daughter. Shake/p. King Lear.
8
T H I
THINK, n.f. [Sing, Saxon; ding, Dutch.]
1. Whatever is; not a perfon. A general word.
Do not you chide; I have a thing for you.
-You have a thing for me ?
It is a common thing—
.-Ha?
__To have a foolifh wife. Shakefp. Othello
The great mafter he found bufy in packing up his things
againft his departure. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
^ The remnant of the meat-offering is a thing moft holy.
Lev. ii. 3V
Says the mafter, you devour the fame things that they
would have eaten, mice and all. L Ejlrange.
A thing by neither man or woman priz’d,
And fcarcely known enough to be defpis’d. Dryden.
I fhould blufti to own fo rude a thing,
As it is to fhun the brother of my king. Dryden.
Wicked men, who underftand any thing of wifdom, may
fee the imprudence of worldly and irreligious courfes. Tillotfon.
2. It is ufed in contempt.
I have a thing in profe, begun above twenty-eight years
ago, and almoft finiftied : it will make a four (hilling volume. _ , . S f‘-
3. It is ufed of perfons in contempt, or fometimes with pity.
See, fons, what things you are ! how quickly nature
Falls to revolt, when gold becomes her objedi ?
For this the foolifh over-careful fathers
Have broke their fleeps with thought, their brains with
care> Shakefpeare’s Henry IV.
Never any thing was fo unbred as that odious man.^ Cong?.
The poor thing fighed, and with a bleffing exprefled with
the utmoft vehemence turned from me. Addijon.
I’ll be this abjeiSt thing no more. •
Love onve me back my heart again. Granvilu•
4. It is ufed by Shakefpeare once in a fenfe of honour.
I lov’d the maid I married; never man
Sigh’d truer breath : but that I lee thee here, ^
Thou noble thing ! more dances my wrapt heart. Shaffp.
To THINK, v. n. prefer, thought. [thankgan, Gothick ;
‘Sencean, Saxon; dencken, Dutch.]
I. To have ideas; to compare terms or things ; to reafon ; to
cogitate ; to perform any mental operation.
Thinking, in the propriety of the Englilh tongue, fignifies
that fort of operation of the mind about its ideas, wherein
the mind is adive; where it, with fome degree of voluntary
attention, confiders any thing. Locke.
What am I ? or from whence ? for that I am
I know, becaufe I think; but whence I came.
Or how this frame of mine began to be.
What other being can difclofe to me ? Dryden.
Thofe who perceive dully, or retain ideas in their minds
;, will have little matter to think on. Locke.
It is an opinion that the foul always thinks, and that it has
the actual perception of ideas in itfelf conftantly, and that
adtual thinking is as infeparable from the foul, as actual extenfion is from the body. Locke.
Thefe are not matters to be (lightly and fuperficially thought
Up0n> Tillotfon's Sermons.
His experience of a good prince muft give great fatisfaction to every thinking man. Addifon s Freeholds?.
. To judge; to conclude ; to determine.
Let them marry to whom they think beft; only to their
father’s tribe fhall they marry. Num. xxxvi. 6.
I fear we final 1 not find
This long defired king fuch as was thought. Daniel.
. To intend. .
Thou thought'Jl to help me, and fuch thanks I give,
As one near death to thofe that wifh him live. Shakefpeare;
. To imagine ; to fancy.
Something fince his coming forth is thought of, which
Imports the kingdom fo much fear and danger.
That his return was moft requir’d. Shakefp. King Lear.
Edmund, I think, is gone,
In pity of his milery, to dilpatch
His nighted life. Shakefp. King Lear.
W e may not be ftartled at the breaking of the exterior
earth ; for the face of nature hath provoked men to think ol
and obferve fuch a thing. Burnet's Theory of the Eaith.
Thofe who love to live in gardens, have never thought of
contriving a winter garden. Spectator, N°. 477*
. To mufe; to meditate.
You pine, you languifh, love to be alone.
Think much, fpeak little, and in fpeaking figh. Dryden.
1. To recoiled!; to obferve.
We are come to have the warrant.
—Well thought upon ; I have it here about me. Shfkefb.
Think upon me, my God, for good, according to all that
I have done. Neb... 19.
r. To judge; to conclude.
If your general acquaintance be among ladies, provided
they have no ill reputation, you think you are fafe. Swift.
ill,
Still
T H I
Still the work was not complete,
When Venus thought on a deceit. Swift's Mifeel.
The opinions of others whom we know and think well of
are no ground of affent. Locke.
8. To confider ; to doubt.
Any one may think with himfelf, how then can any
thing live in Mercury and Saturn. Bentley s Sermons.
To Think, v. a.
1. To imagine; to image in the mind ; to conceive.
v Royal Lear,
Whom I have ever honour’d as my king.
And as my patron thought on in my prayer. Sbakefpeare.
Charity thinketh no evil. I Cor. xiii. 5.
2. To believe ; to efteem.
Me thought I faw the grave where Laura lay. Sidney.
Me thinketh the running of the foremoft is like that of
Ahimaaz. 2 Sum. xviii. 27.
Nor think fuperfluous others aid. Milton.
3. To Think much. To grudge.
He thought not much to clothe his enemies. Milton.
If we confider our infinite obligations to God, we have no
realbn to think much to facrifice to him our deareft interefts
in this world. Tillotjon's Sermons.
4. To Think fcorn. Todifdain.
He thoughtjeorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone. EJlh. iii.
Thi'nker. n.J. [from think.] One who thinks in a certain
manner.
No body is made any thing by hearing of rules, or laying
them up in his memory; pradlice mull fettle the habit : you
may as well hope to make a good mufician by a ledlure in
the art of mufick, as a coherent thinker, or ftrift reafoner,
by a let of rules. Locke.
If a man had an ill-favoured nofe, deep thinkers would im¬
pute the caufe to the prejudice of his education. Swift.
Thi'Nking. n. f. [from think.] Imagination; cogitation;
judgment.
He put it by once; but, to my thinking, he would fain
have had it. Shakefp. ‘Julius Cesfar.
. If we did think.
His contemplations were above the earth,
And fix’d on fpiritual objedls, he fhould ftill
Dwell in his mufings ; but I am afraid
His thinkings are below the moon, nor worth
His ferious confidering. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
I heard a bird fo fing,
Whofe mufick, to my thinkings pleas’d the king. Shakefp.
I was a man, to my thinking, very likely to get a rich wi¬
dow. Addifon's Guard. N°. 97.
Thi'nly. n.f [from thin.]
1. Not thickly.
2. Not clofely ; not numeroufly.
It is opinioned, that the earth was thinly inhabited before
the flood. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Our walls are thinly mann’d ; our beft men' flain :
The reft, an heartlefs number, fpent with watching. Dryd.
Thi'nness. n.f. [from thin.]
1. The contrary to thicknefs ; exility ; tenuity.
Tickling is moft in the foies, arm-holes and fides, becaufe of the thinnefs of the fkin. . Bacon.
No breach, but an expanlion.
Like gold to airy thinnefs beat. Donne.
Transparent fubftances, as glafs, water, air, &c. when
made very thin by being blown into bubbles, or otherwife
formed into plates, do exhibit various colours according to
their various thinnefs, although at a greater thicknefs they
appear very clear and colourlefs. Newton's Opticks.
Such depend upon a ftrong projectile motion of the blood,
and too great thinnefs and delicacy of the veffels. Arbuthnot.
2. Paucity; fcarcity.
The buzzard
Invites the feather’d Nimrods of his race,
To hide the thinnefs of their flock from light,
And all together make a feeming goodly flight. Dryden.
In country villages pope Leo the feventh indulged a
praClice through the thinnefs of the inhabitants, which opened
a way for pluralities. Ayliffe's Parergon.
3. Rarenefs ; not fpiflitude.
Thofe pleafures that fpring from honour the mind can naufeate, and quickly feel the thinnefs of a popular breath. South.
Third, adj. [ftju&Sa, Saxon.] The firft after the fecond ;
7 the ordinal of three.
This is the third time : I hope good luck lies in odd num-
/ bers. Sbakefpeare.
Third, n.f. [from the adjective.]
I. The third part.
To thee and thine hereditary ever,
Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom. Shakefp.
Men of their broken debtors take a third,
A fixth, a tenth, letting them thrive again. Sbakefpeare.
The proteftant fubjeCts of the abbey make up a third of
its people. Addifon.
T H I •
No fentence can fttjnd that is not confirmed by two thirds
of the council. ' Addifon.
Such clamours are like the feigned quarrels of combined
cheats, to delude fome third perfon. Decay of Piety.
2. The fixtieth part of a fecond.
Divide the natural day into twenty-four equal parts, an
hour into fixty minutes, a minute into fixty feconds, a fecond
into fixty thirds. Holder on Time.
Tiii'rdborough. n.f. [third and borough.] An under-conftable.
ThPrdly. adv. [from third.] In the third place.
Firft, metals arc more durable than plants ; fecondly, they
are more folid ; thirdly, they are wholly fubterrany. Bacon.
To Thirl, v. a. pSjp.han, Sax.] To pierce; to perforate. Ainf,
THIRST, n.f. ['Sypyr, Saxon; dorjl, Dutch.]
1. The pain luffered for want of drink; w’ant of drink.
But fearlefs they perfue, nor can the flood
Quench their dire thirjl; alas ! they thirft for blood. Denh.
Thus accurs’d,
In midft of water I complain of thirjl. Dryden.
Thirjl and hunger denote the ftate of fpittle and liquor of
the ftomach. Thirjl is the fign of an acrimony commonly
alkalefcent or muriatick. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. EagerneL ; vehement defire.
Not hope of praife, nor thirjl of worldly good,
Enticed us to follow this emprize. Fairfax, b. ii.
Thou haft allay’d the thirjl I had of knowledge. Milton.
Say is’t thy bounty, or thy thirjl of praife. Granville.
This is an aCiive and ardent thirjl after happinefs, or after
a full, beatifying objeCt. k Cheyne.
3. Draught.
The rapid current, through veins
Of porous earth with kindly thirjl up drawn,
Rofe a frefh fountain. Milton.
To Thirst, v.n. [ftypytan, Saxon; derjlen, Dutch.]
1. To feel want of drink ; to be thirfty or athirft.
They fhall not hunger nor thirjl. Ifa. xlix. 10.
The people thirjled there for water. Exod. xvii. 3.
They as they thirjled fcoop the brimming-ftream. Milt.
2. To have a vehement defire for any thing.
They knew how the ungodly were tormented, thirjling in
another manner than the juft. IVifd. xi. 9.
My foul thirjleth for the living God. Pfal. xlii. 2.
Till a man hungers and thirjls after righteoufnefs, till he
feels an uneafinefs in the want of it, his will will not be de¬
termined to any a&ion in purfuit of this confefled, greater
good. Locke.
But furious thirjling thus for gore.
The fons of men fhall ne’er approach thy fhore. Pope.
To Thirst. v. a. To want to drink.
Untam’d and fierce the tyger ftill remains :
For the kind gifts of water and of food.
He feeks his keeper’s flefh, and thirjls his blood. Prior.
Thi'rstiness. n.f. [from thirjl.] The ftate of being thirfty.
Next they will want a fucking and foajting thirjlinefs, or a
fiery appetite to drink in the lime. TVotton.
Thi'rsty. adj. [’Suj-vptig, Saxon.]
1. Suffering want of drink ; pained for want of drink.
Thy brother’s blood the thirjly earth hath drank,
Broach’d with the fteely point of Clifford’s lance. Shakefp.
Give me a little water to drink, for I am thirjly. Judg. iv.
Unworthy was thy fate,
To fall beneath a bafe affaffm’s ftab.
Whom all the thirjly inftruments of death
Had in the field of battle fought in vain. Rowe.
2. Poffeffed with any vehement delire : as, blood thirfty.
Thirte'en. adj. [^jieotine, Saxon.] Ten and three.
Speaking at the one end, I heard it return the voice thir¬
teen times. Bacon s Nat. Hijl. N°. 249.
Thirteenth, adj. [from thirteen; Speoteo'Sa, Saxon.] The
third after the tenth.
The thirteenth part difference bringeth the bufinefs but to
fuch apafs, that every woman may have an hufband. Graunt.
Thirtieth, adj. [from thirty j 'Sjiircego^a, Saxon.] The
tenth thrice told ; the ordinal of thirty.
Henry fhall efpoufe the lady Margaret ere the thirtieth of
May next enfuing. Sbakefpeare s Henry VI. p. ii.
A thirtieth part of the fun’s revolution. Hale.
More will wonder at fo fhort an age,
To find a blank beyond the thirtieth page. Dryden.
Thi'rty. adj. [^pitnj, Saxon.] Thrice ten.
I have flept fifteen years.
•—Ay, and the time feems thirty unto me. Sbakefpeare.
The Claudian aqueduft ran //ffrty-eight miles. Addifon.
This, pronoun. [‘Siy, Saxon.]
I. That which is prefent; what is now mentioned.
Bardolph and Nim had more valour than this, yet they
were both hang’d ; and fo would this be, if he durft fteal. Shah.
Come a little nearer this ways. Sbakefpeare.
Within this three mile may you fee it coming;
I fay a moving grove. Shakejp. Macbeth.
26 K Muft
T H O T H O
Muft I endure all this ? Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
This fame fhall comfort us concerning our toil. Gen. v. 29.
This is not the place for a large redu&ion. Hale.
There is a very great inequality among men as to their in¬
ternal endowments, and their external conditions, in this
life. Calamy s Sermons.
2. The next future.
Let not the Lord be angry, and I will fpeak yet but this
once : peradventure ten fhall be found there. Gen. xviii. 32.
3. This is ufed for this time.
By this the vefTel half her courfe had run. Dryden.
4. The laft part.
I have not wept this forty years ; but now
My mother comes afrefh into my eyes. Dryden.
5; It is often oppofed to that.
As when two winds with rival force contend.
This way and that, the wav’ring fails they bend,
While freezing Boreas and black Eurus blow.
Now here, now there, the reeling vefTel throw. Pope.
According as the fmall parts of matter are connefted to¬
gether after this or that determinate manner, a body of this
or that denomination is produced. Boyle.
Do we not often hear of this or that young heir ? are not
his riches and his lewdneffes talkt of together l South's Serm.
This way and that the impatient captives tend,
And prelfing for releafe the mountains rend. Dryden.
C. W hen this and that refpect a former fentence, this relates to
the latter, that to the former member.
Their judgment in this we may not, and in that we need
not, follow. Hooker.
7, Sometimes it is oppofed to the other.
Confider the arguments which the author had to write
this, or to defign the other, before you arraign him. Dryden.
With endlefs pain this man perfues
What, if he gain’d, he could not ufe :
And t'other fondly hopes to fee
What never was, nor e’er fhall be. Prior.
Thi'stle. n.f. [Jjiytel, Saxon; diejlel, Dutch; carduusy Lat.J
A prickly weed growing in corn fields.
The leaves of the thijlle grow alternately on the branches,
and are prickly ; and the heads are, for the moft part, fquamofe and prickly. Miller.
Hateful docks, rough thijlles, keckfies, burs. Shakefp.
Get you fome carduus benedidfus, and lay it to your
heart.-There thou prick’d; her with a thijlle. Shakefp.
Thorns alfo and thijlles it fhall bring thee forth. Milton.
Tough thjlles choak’d the fields, and kill’d the corn,
And an unthrifty crop of weeds was born. Dryden.
Rie grafs will kill thjlles. Mortimer's Hufb,
Thi'stle, golden, n.f. A plant.
The golden thijlle hath the appearance of a thifile : the
flower confifts of many half florets, which reft on the embrios; each of thefe are feparated by a thin leaf, and on the
top of each embrio is faftened a little leaf. Miller.
Thi'stly. adj. [from thijlle.] Overgrown with thirties.
Wide o’er the thijlly lawn as fwells the breeze,
A whitening fhower of vegetable down
Amufive floats. Thomfon's Summer.
Thi'ther. adv. [Jn?>eji, Saxon.]
1. To that place : it is oppofed to hither.
We’re coming thither. Shakefpeare.
When, like a bridegroom from the Eaft, the fun
Sets forth ; he thither, whence he came, doth run. Denham.
There Phoenix and Ulyffes watch the prey ;
And thither all the wealth of Troy convey. Dryden.
2. To that end ; to that point.
Thi'therto. adv. [thither and to.] To that end ; fo far.
Thi'therward. adv. [thither and ward.] Towards that
place.
Ne would he fuffer fleep once thitherward
Approach, albe his drowfy den were next. Fairy ghi.
Madam, he’s gone to ferve the duke of Florence :
We met him thitherward, for thence we came. Shakefp.
By quick inftindive motion, up I fprung,
As thitherward endeavouring. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. viii.
The foolifh beafts went to the lion’s den, leaving very
goodly footfteps of their journey thitherward, but not the
like of their return. L'EJlrange.
A tuft of daifies on a flow’ry lay
They faw, and thitherward they bent their way. Dryden.
Tho. adv. [$onne, Saxon.]
1. I hen. Spenfer.
2. Tho’ contracted for though.
I o 1 hole. v. n. 'Fo wait awhile. Ainf.
I hong. n.f. [fjpanj, Jjponj, Saxon.] A ftrap, or firing ,of
leather.
The Tufcan king
Laid by the lance and took him to the fling;
Thrice whirl d the thong about his head, and threw
The heated lead half melted as it flew. Dryden s Mn.
I he ancient ccftus omy confided of fo many large thongs
about the hand, without any lead at the end. Addijon.
8
The fmiths and armourers on palfreys ride,
And nails for loofen’d fpears, and thongs for fhields pro¬
vide. Dryden's Knight's Tale.
Thora'cick. adj. [from thorax.] Belonging to the breaft.
The chyle grows grey in the thoracick duct. Arbuthnot.
Tho'ral. adj. [from thorusy Lat.] Relating to the bed.
The punifhment of adultery, according to the Romani
law, was fometimes made by a thoral feparation. Ayliffe.
THORN, n.f. [thaurnsy Gothick; j?opn, Saxon; doorne,
Dutch.]
1. A prickly tree of feveral kinds.
Thorns and thirties fhall it bring forth. Gen. iii, 18.
2. A prickle growing on the thorn bufh.
The moll upright is fharper than a thorn hedge. Mic. vii.
Flowers of all hue, and without thorn theWe. Milton.
3. Any thing troublefome.
The guilt of empire ; all its thorns and cares
Be only mine. Southern's Spartan Dame.
Tho'rnapple. n. f. A plant.
The thornapple is of two forts; the greater, which rifes
up with a rtrong round ftalk, and the Idler differs from the
other in the fmallnefs of the leaves. Mortimer.
Tho'rnback. n.f. A fea-fifh.
The thornback when dried taftes of fal ammoniac. Arbuth.
Tho'rnbut. n.f. A fort of fea-fifh, Ainf. which he diftinguifhes from thornback. A birt or turbot.
Tho'r ny. adj. [from thorn.]
1. Full of thorns; fpiny; rough; prickly.
Not winding ivy, nor the glorious bay;
He wore, fweet head, a thorny diadem. Randolph.
The boar’s eye-balls [glare with fire,
His neck fhoots up a thickfet thorny wood ;
His briftled back a trench impal’d appears. Dryden.
The wifer madmen did for virtue toil
A thorny, or at beft a barren foil. Dryden.
They on the bleaky top
Of rugged hills, the thorny bramble crop. Dryden.
2. Pricking; vexatious.
No diflike againft the perfon
Of our good queen, but the fharp tho ny points
Of my alleged reafons drive this forward. Shakefpeare.
3. Difficult; perplexing.
By how many thorny and hard ways they are come there¬
unto, by how many civil broils. Spenfer on Ireland.
Tho'rough. prepof. [the word through extended into two fy1-
lables.]
1. By way of making paffage or penetration.
2. By means of. ’
Mark Antony will follow
Thorough the hazards of this untrod ftate.
With all true faith. Shakefp. Julius Ceefar.
Tho'rough. adj. [The adjeCtive is always written thorough^
the prepofition commonly through.]
1. Complete; full; perfeCt.
T he Irifti horfeboys, in the thorough reformation of that
realm, fhould be cut off. Spenfer.
He did not defire a thorough engagement till he had time to
reform fome whom he refolved never more to truft. Clarendon.
A thorough tranflator muft be a thorough poet. Dryden.
A thorough praCtice of fubjeCting ourfelves to the wants of
others, would extinguifh in us pride. Swift.
2. Parting through.
Let all three fides be a double houfc, without thorough
lights on the fides. Bacon.
Thor o'ughfare. n.f. [thorough andfare.] A paffage through^
a paffage without any ftop or let.
Th’ Hyrcanian deferts are as thoroughfares now
For princes to come view fair Portia. Shakefpeare.
His body is a paffable carcafe if he be not hurt: it is a
thoroughfare for fteel, if it be not hurt. Shakefpeare.
Hell, and this world, one realm, one continent
Of eafy thoroughfare. Milton's Par. LoJly b. x.
The ungrateful perfon is a monfter, which is all throat
and belly; a kind of thoroughfare, or common fhore for the
good things of the world to pafs into. South's Sermons.
f he courts are fill’d with a tumultuous din
Of crouds, or bluing forth, or ent’ring in :
A thoroughfare of news ; where fome devife
Things never heard; fome mingle truth with lies. Dryden.
Thoroughly, adv. [from thorough:.] Completely; fully.
Look into this bufinefs thoroughly. Shakefpeare.
We can never be grieved for their miferies who are tho¬
roughly wicked, and have thereby juftly called their calamities
on themfelves. Dryden s Dufrejnoy.
One would think that every member of the community,
who embraces with vehemence the principles of cither par¬
ty, had thoroughly fifted and examined them. Addijon.
They had forgotten their folemn vows as thoroughly as if
they had never made them. Atterbury s Setmons.
Tho'> oughsped. adj. [thorough and fped.] bmiihed in prin¬
ciples y thoroughpaced.
Our
THO T H O
Our thoroughfped republick of whigs, which contains the
bulk of all hopers, pretenders, and profeffors, are moft highly
ufeful to princes. Swift.
Thoroughpa'ced. adj. [thorough and pace,] Perfect in what
is undertaken; complete ; thoroughfped. Generally in a
bad fenfe.
When it was propofed to repeal the teft claufe, the ableft
of thofe who were reckoned the moft ftanch and thoroughpaced
whigs fell off at the firft mention of it. Swift.
Thoroughsti'ch. adv. [thorough and fitch.'] Completely ;
fully. A low word.
Perfeverance alone can carry us thoroughfiitch. L'Edrange.
Thorp, n.f
Thorp, throp, threp, trep, trap, are all from the Saxon
fopp, which fignifies a village. Gibfon's Camden.
Those, pron. the plural of that.
Make ail our trumpets fpeak, give them all breath,
Thofe clam’rous harbingers of blood and death. Shakefp.
The fibres of this mul'cle a£t as thofe of others. Cbeyne.
Sure there are poets which did never dream
Upon Parnaffus, nor did tafte the ftream
Ot Helicon, we therefore may fuppofe
Thofe made not poets, but the poets thofe. Denham.
Thou. n.f. [}ju, Saxon; du, Dutch ; in the oblique cafes fingular thee, }?e, Saxon ; in the plural ye, ge, Saxon ; in the
oblique cafes plural you, eop, Saxon.j
1. The fecond pronoun perfonal.
Is this a dagger which I fee before me.
The handle tow’rd my hand ? Come let me clutch thee.
I have thee not, and yet I fee thee ftill.
Art thou not, fatal vifton, fenfible
To feeling as to fight. Shakefp. Macbeth.
I am as like to call thee fo again.
To fpit on thee again, to fpurn thee too.
If thou wilt lend this money lend it not
As to thy friend. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Thou, if there be a thou in this bafe town.
Who dares with angry Eupolis to frown ;
Who at enormous villany turns pale,
And fteers againft it with a full-blown fail. Dryden.
2. It is ufed only in very familiar or very folemn language.
When we fpeak to equals or fuperiors we fay you; but in fo¬
lemn language, and in addreffes of worfhip, we fay thou.
To Thou. v. a. [from thou.] To treat with familiarity.
Taunt him with the licence of ink; if thou thou'ft him
Come thrice, it fhall not be amifs. Shakefpeare.
Though, conjunction, [pea}?, Saxon; thauh, Gothick.]
1. Notwithfianding that; although.
Not that I lo affirm, though fo it feem. Milton.
The found of love makes your foft heart afraid,
And guard itfelf, though but a child invade. Waller.
I can defire to perceive thofe things that God has prepared
for thofe that love him, though they be fuch as eye hath not
feen, ear heard, nor hath it entered into the heart of man to
conceive. Locke.
Though the name of abftrailed ideas is attributed to univerfal ideas, yet this abftradlion is not great. IVattss Logick.
2. As Though. As if; like as if.
In the vine were three branches; and it was as though it
budded. Gen. xl. 10.
3. It is ufed in the end of a fentence in familiar language ;
however; yet.
You fhall not quit Cydaria for me :
’Tis dangerous though to treat me in this fort.
And to refufe my offers, though in fport. Dryden.
A good caufe wou’d do well though ;
It gives my fword an edge. Dryden's Spanifh Fryar.
Thought, the preterite and part. pajf. of think.
I told him what I thought. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Are my friends embark’d ?
Can any thing be thought of for their fervice ?
Whilft I yet live, let me not live in vain. Addifon.
No other tax could have been thought of, upon which fo
much money would have been immediately advanced. Addf.
Thought, n.f. [from the preterite of to think.]
1. The operation of the mind ; the a£t of thinking,
2. Idea ; image formed in the mind.
Sulph’rous and thought executing fires
Singe my white head. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
For our inftru&ion to impart
Things above earthly thought. Milton.
3. Sentiment; fancy; imagery.
Thought, if translated truly, cannot be loft in another lan¬
guage ; but the w’ords that convey it to our apprehenfion,
which are the image and ornament of that thought, may be
fo ill-chofen as to make it appear unhandfome. Dryden.
One may often find as much thought on the reverfe of a
medal as in a canto of Spenfer. Addifon on ancient Medals.
Thoughts come crouding in fo faft upon me, that my only
difficulty is to choofe or to rejeeft. Dryden.
The thoughts of a foul that perifh in thinking. Locke.
4. Reflection; particular confideration.
Why do you keep alone ?
Of forrieft fancies your companions making,
Ufing thofe thoughts which Ihould indeed have died
With them they think on. Shakefp. Macbeth.
5. Conception ; preconceived notion.
Things to their thought
So unimaginable as hate in heaven. Milton.
6. Opinion; judgment.
He that is ready to flip, is as a lamp defpifed in the thought
of him that is at eafe. _ Job xii. 5.
They communicated their thoughts on this fuhjcbt to each
other; and therefore their reafons are little different. Dryden.
Thus Bethel fpoke, who always Ipeaks his thought,
And always thinks the very thing he ought. Pope.
7. Meditation ; ferious confideration.
Pride, of all others the moft dangerous fault,
Proceeds from want of fenfe or want of thought. Rofcommon.
Nor was godhead from her thought. Milton.
8. Defign; purpofe.
The thoughts I think towards you are thoughts of peace,
and not evil. Jer. xxix, 11.
9. Silent contemplation.
Who is fo grofs
That cannot fee this palpable device P
Yet who fo bold, but fays, he fees it not ?
Bad is the world; and all will come to nought,
When fuch ill dealings muft be feen in thought. Shakefp.
10. Sollicitude; care; concern.
I Let us return, left he leave caring for the affes and take
thought for us. 1 Sam. ix. 5.
Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguifh before his bufinefs came to an end. Bacon s Henry VII.
Adam took no thought, eating his fill. Milton.
11. Expectation.
The main defery
Stands on the hourly thought. Shakefp. King Lear.
12. A ftnall degree; a fmall quantity.
His face was a thought longer than the exact fymmetrians
would allow. Sidney.
If our own be but equal, the law of common indulgence
alloweth us to think them at the leaft half a thought the bet¬
ter, becaufe they are our own. Hooker,’ b. iv.
A needle pierced through a globe of cork, cut away by
degrees, will fwim under water, yet not fink unto the bot¬
tom : if the cork be a thought too light to fink under the furface, the water may be attenuated with fpirits of wine. Br.
My giddinefs feized me, and though I now totter, yet I
think I am a thought better. Swift.
Tho'ughtful. adj. [thought and full.]
1. Contemplative; full of reflection; full of meditation.
On thefe he mus’d within his thoughtful mind.
And then refolv’d what Faunus had divin’d. Dryden.
2. Attentive; careful.
Thoughtful of thy gain, I all the live-long day
Confume in meditation deep. Phillips.
3. Promoting meditation ; favourable to mufing.
Unfpotted long with human blood :
War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades,
And fteel now glitters in the mufes fhades. Pope.
4. Anxious; follicitous.
In awful pomp, and melancholy ftate,
See fettled reafon on the judgment-feat;
Around her croud diftruft, and doubt and fear.
And thoughtful forefight, and tormenting care. Prior.
Thoughtfully, adv. [from thoughtful.] With thought or
confideration; with follicitude.
Thoughtfulness, n.f. [from thoughtful.]
1. Deep meditation.
2. Anxiety; follicitude.
Tho'ughtless. adj. [from thought.J
1. Airy; gay; diffipated.
2. Negligent; carelefs.
It is fomething peculiarly Chocking to fee gray hairs with¬
out remorfe for the paft, and thoughtlefs of the future. Rogers.
3. Stupid ; dull.
His goodly fabrick fills the eye,
And feems defign’d for thoughtlefs majefty :
Thoughtlefs as monarch oaks that fhade the plain,
And fpread in folemn ftate fupinely reign. Dryden'.
Tho'uhtlessly. adv. [from thought.] Without thought;
carelefly; ftupidly.
In reftleis hurries thoughtlefsly they live.
At fubftance oft unmov’d, for fhadows grieve. Garth.
Tho'ughtlessness. n.f. [from thoughtlefs.] Want of thought;
abfence of thought.
Tho'ughtsick. adj. [thought and fick.] Uneafy with reflec¬
tion.
Heav’n’s face doth glow
With triftful vifage; and, as ’gainft the doom,
Is thoughtfick at the act. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Thousand, adj. or n.f. [{mpenb, Saxon; duyjend, Dutch.]
1. The number of ten hundred.
1
About
T H R
About three thoufand years ago, navigation of the world
for remote voyages was greater than at this day. Bacon.
2. Proverbially, a great number.
So fair, and thoufand, thoufand times more fair
She feem’d, when (he preferred was to light. Fa. £Bt.
For harbour at a thoufand doors they knock’d,
Not one of all the thoufand but was lock’d. Dryden.
Search the herald’s roll.
Where thou (halt find thy famous pedigree,
Drawn from the root of fome old Tufcan tree,
And thou, a thoufand off, a fool of long degree. Dryden.
1 hough he regulates himfelf by juftice, he finds a thoufand
occafions for generofity and companion. Addifon's SpeSi.
How many thoufands pronounce boldly on the affairs of the
publick, whom God nor men never qualified for fuch judg¬
ment. Watts.
Thousandth, adj. [from thoufand.] The hundredth ten
times told ; the ordinal of a thoufand.
He that will divide a minute into a thoufand parts, and
break but a part of a thoufandth part in the affairs of love, it
may be faid of him, that Cupid hath clapt him o’ th’ (houlder,
but I’ll warrant him heart whole. • Shakefp. As you like it.
Such is the poet’s lot: what luckier fate
Does on the works of grave hiftorians wait:
More time they fpend, in greater toils engage,
Their volumes fwell beyond the thoufandth page. Dryden.
The French hugonots are many thoufand witneffes to the
contrary ; and I wifh they deferved the thoufandth part of the
good treatment they have received. Swift's Mifcel.
Thowl. n. f. A piece of timber by which oars are kept in
their places when a rowing. Ainf
Thrall, n.f [Jipasl, Saxon.]
1. A Have; one who is in the power of another.
No thralls like them that inward bondage have. Sidney.
But fith (he will the conqueft challenge need,
Let her accept me as her faithful thrall. Spenfcr.
Look gracious on thy proftrate thrall. Shakefpeare.
The two delinquents
That were the flaves of drink, and thralls of fleep. Shah.
I know I’m one of nature’s little kings;
Yet to the leaft and vileft things am thrall. Davies.
That we may fo fuffice his vengeful ire,
Or do him mightier lervice, as his thralls
By right of war, whate’er his bufinefs be. Milton.
2. Bondage ; ftate of flavery or confinement.
And laid about him, till his nofe
From thrall of ring and cord broke loofe. Hudihras, p. i.
To Thrall, v. a. Spenfer. [from the noun.] Toenflave;
to bring into the power of another.
Let me be a Have t’ atchieve the maid,
Whofe fudden fight hath thrall'd my wounded eye. Shah.
Statefmen purge vice with vice, and may corrode
The.bad with bad, a fpider with a toad.
For fo ill thralls not them, but they tame ill.
And make her do much good again!! her will. Donne.
The author of nature is not thralled to the laws of na¬
ture. Drummond.
Thra'ldom. n.f. [from thrall.] Slavery; fiervitude.
How far am I inferior to thee in the ftate of the mind ?
and yet know I that all the heavens cannot bring me to fuch
thraldom. Sidney, b. i.
He fwore with fobs.
That he would labour my delivery.
—Why, fo he doth, when he delivers you
From this earth’s thraldom to the joys of heav’n. Shakefp.
This country, in a great part defolate, groaneth under the
Turkifh thraldom. Sandys.
He (hall rule, and fhe in thraldom live. Dryden.
They tell us we are all born flaves ; life and thraldom we
entered into together, and can never be quit of the one till
we part with the other. Locke.
Thra'pple. n.f. The windpipe of any animal. They ftill
retain it in the Scottifh dialed.
To Th rash. v. a. [Sappcan, Saxon; derfehen, Dutch.]
1. To beat corn to free it from the chaff This is written varioufly thrajh or threjh, but thrafo is agreeable to etymology.
Firft thrajh the corn, then after burn the ftraw. Shakefp.
Gideon threfhed wheat to hide it. Judg- viii. 11.
Here be oxen for burnt fiacrifice, and threjhing inftruments
for wood. 2 Sam. xxiv. 22.
In the fun your golden grain difplay,
And thrafo it out, and winnow it by day. Dryden.
This is to preferve the ends of the bones from an incalefcency, which they being hard bodies would contract from
a fwift motion ; fuch as that of running or threjhing. Ray.
Out of your clover well dried in the fun, after the firft
threjhing, get what feed you can. Mortimer.
2. To beat; to drub.
Thou ficurvy valiant afs ! thou art here but to thrajh Tro¬
jans, and thou art bought and fold among thofe of any wit
like a Barbarian flave. Shakefp. Trail, and CreJJda.
T H R
1 o 1 hrash. v. n. "IT labour; to drudge.
I rather wou'd be Mevius, threjh for rhimes
Like his, the fcorn and fcandal of the times,
I ban that Philippick fatally divine.
Which is inferib’d the fecond, fhould be mine. Dryden.
Thra spif.r. n. f. [from thrajhf One who thrafhes corn.
Our foldicrs, like a lazy thrafjcr with a flail.
Fell gently down, as if" they ftruck their friends. Shakefp.
Not barely the plowman’s pains, the reaper’s and threjher's
toil, and the baker’s fweat, is to be counted into the bread
we eat: the labour of thofe employed about the utenfils muft
all be charged. Locke.
Thra'shing-floor. n.f. An area on which corn is beaten.
In vain the hinds the threjhing-floor prepare,
And exercife their flails in empty air. Dryden.
Delve of convenient depth your threjhing-jloor
With temper’d clay, then fill and face it o’er. Dryden.
Thraso'nical. adj. [from Thrafo, a boafter in old comedy.]
Boaftfu!; bragging.
His humour is lofty, his difeourfe peremptory, his general
behaviour vain, ridiculous, and thrafonical. Shakejpcare.
There never was any thing fo fudden but the fight of two
rams, and Csefar’s thrafonical brag of, I came, faw, and
overcame. Shakefp. As you like it.
Thrave. n.f. [3pap, Saxon.]
1. A herd; a drove. Out of ufe.
2. The number of two dozen.
THREAD, n.f. [J)pa;b, Saxon; draed, Dutch.]
1. A fmall line ; a fmall twift.
Let not Bardolph’s vital thread be cut
With edge of penny cord and vile reproach. Shakefpeare.
Though the (lender thread of dyed filk looked on fingle
feem devoid of rednefs, yet when numbers of thefe threads
are brought together, their colour becomes notorious. Boyle.
He who fat at a table but with a fword hanging over his
head by one fingle thread or hair, furely had enough to check
his appetite. South's Sermons.
The art of pleafing is the (kill of cutting to a thread, be¬
twixt flattery and ill-manners. L'EJlrange.
2. Any thing continued in a courfe; uniform tenor.
The eagernefs and trembling of the fancy doth not always
regularly follow the fame even thread of difeourfe, but ftrikes
upon fome other thing that hath relation to it. Burnet.
The gout being a difeafe of the nervous parts, makes it
fo hard to cure; difeafes are fo as they are more remote in
the thread of the motion of the fluids. Arbuthnot.
Thre'adbare. adj. [thread and bare.]
1. Deprived of the nap; wore to the naked threads.
Threadbare coat, and cobbled fhoes he ware. Fa. §ht.
The clothier means to drefs the commonwealth, and fet a
new nap upon it: fo he had need ; for ’tis threadbare. Shak.
Will any freedom here from you be borne,
Whofe cloaths are threadbare, and whofe cloaks are torn ?
Dryden's Juvenal.
He walk’d the ftreets, and wore a threadbare cloak ;
He din’d and fupp’d at charge of other folk. Swift.
2. Worn out; trite.
A hungry lean-fac’d villain,
A mere anatomy, a mountebank,
A threadbare juggler, and a fortune-teller. Shakefpeare.
Many writers of moral difeourfes run into dale topicks and
threadbare quotations, not handling their lubjedt fully and
clofely. Swift.
If he underftood trade, he would not have mentioned this
threadbare and exploded project. Child on Trade.
To Thread, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To pafs through with a thread.
The largeft crooked needle, with a ligature of the fize of
that I have threaded it wdth in taking up the fpermatick veffels. Sharp's Surgery.
2. To pafs through ; to pierce through.
Thus out of feafon threading dark-ey’d night. Shakefp.
Being preft to th’ war/
Ev’n when the nave of the ftate was touch’d.
They would not thread the gates. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Thre'aden. adj. [from thread.] Made of thread.
Behold the threaden fails.
Borne with th’ invifible and creeping wind,
Draw the huge bottoms through the furrow’d fea. Shak.
To Threap, v. a. A country word denoting to argue much
or contend. Ainf.
Threat. n.f. [from the verb.] Menace; denunciation of
ill.
There is no terror, Caffius, in your threats. Shakefp.
The emperor perceiving that his threats were little regard¬
ed, regarded little to threaten any more. Hayward.
Do not believe
Thofe rigid threats of death : ye (hall not die. Aiilton.
To Threat. \v. a. [{seaman, Saxon; threat is feldom
To Threaten, i ufed but in poetry.]
2 I. To
4
T H R T H R
1. To menace j to denounce evil.
Death to be wifh’d
Though threaten'd) which no world than this can bring.
Mitten.
2. To menace; to terrify, or attempt to terrify, by denouncing
CVl1 What threat you me with telling of the king ?
Tell him and fpare not. Shakefp. Richard III.
That it fpread no further, ftraitly threaten them that they
fpeak henceforth to no man in this name. Aftsiv. 18.
The void profound
Wide gaping, and with utter lofs of being
Threatens him. Milton.
iEheas their affault undaunted did abide,
And thus to Laufus, loud with friendly threat'ning cry’d.
Dryden’s Virgil.
This day black omens threat the brighteft fair.
That e’er deferv’d a watchful fpirit’s care. , Pope.
?. To menace by adlion.
Void of fear,
He threaten'd with his long protended fpear. Dryden.
The noife increafes as the billows roar.
When row-ling from afar they threat the fhore. Dryden.
Thr'eatener. n.f. [from threaten.J Menacer; one that
threatens.
Re ftirring as the time; be fire with fire ;
Threaten the threatencr, and outface the brow
Of bragging horrour. < Shakefp. King John.
The fruit, it gives you life
To knowledge by the threat'her? Milton's Par. Lojl.
Threateningly, adv. [horn, threaten.] With menace j in
a threatening manner.
The honour that thus flames in, your fair eyes.
Before I fpeak, too threateningly replies. Shakefpeare.
Threatful. adj. [threat andfull.] Full of threats; mina¬
cious.
Like as a warlike brigandine applide
To -fight, lays forth her threatful pikes afore,
The engines which in them fad death do hide. Spenfer.
Three, adj. [jyne, Saxon; dry, Dutch; tri, Wclfh and
Life; tres, Lat.] Two and one. , ,
Prove this a profp’rous day, the three-nook’d world
ShaJ-l bear.the olive freely. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
If you fpeak three words, it will three times report you the
whole three words. Paeon s Pat. Hift. I'd . ^49*
Great Atreus Tons* Tydjdes fix; above,
. -With three-afd- Neflror. Creech's Manilius.
Jove hurls The three-ioripd thunder from, above. Addifon.
Thefe three and three with ofier bands we ty’d. , Pope.
Down to,thefe worlds I trod,the difmal way.
And dragg’d the three-mouth’d dog to upper day. Pope.
A ftrait needle, fuch as glovers ufe, with a three-edged
point, ufeful in fewing up dead bodies. Sharp,
li Proverbially it'fmail number.
Away, thou threerinch’d fool; I am no beaft. Shakefp.
A bafe, proud, lhallow, beggarly, threefuited, filthy,
worfted flocking knave. 9a t a Shakefp. King Pear.
Threefold, adj. . [ Jtpeoyealb, Saxon.] Thrice repeated;
confiding of three. > r
. ' A threefold cord is not eafily. broken. Eccluf. iv. 12.
" By a threefold juftice the world hath been governed from
the beginning : by a juftice natural, by which the parents and
- ciders of families governed their children, in which the obe¬
dience was called natural piety : again, by a juftice divine,
drawn from the. laws of God ; and the obedience was called
confcience : and laflly, by a juftice civil, begotten by both tne
former.; and the obedience to this we call duty. Raleigh.
A threefold off’rinrg to his altar bring,
A bull, a' ram, a boar. ^ Pope's Odyffey.
Threepence, n.f. [three and pence.] A fmail filver coin va¬
lued at thrice a penny.
A threepence bow’d would hire me.
Old as I am to queen it. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
Laving a cauftick, I made an efcar the compafs of a three¬
pence, and gave vent to the matter. IVijemans Surgery.
Thrf/epenny. adj. [trioholaris, Lat.] Vulgar; mean.
TbReEpiLE. n.f [three and pile.] An old name for good
velvet.
I, in my time, wot threepile, but am out of fervice. Shak.
ThREEPFled. adj. Set with a'thick pile; in another place
it feems to mean piled one on another.
Thou art good velvet; thou’rt a threepil'd piece : I had as
lief be English kerfey, as be .pil’d as thou art. Shakefpeare.
Threepild hyberboles ; fpruce affectation. Shakefpeare.
Threesco re, adj. [three and fcore.]. Thrice twenty ; fixty.
Tbreefcorc and ten I can remember well. Shakefpeare.
Their lives before the flood were abbreviated after, and
contracted unto hundreds and threejeores. _ Brown.
By chace our long-liv’d fathers earn’d their food ;
Toil ftrung the nerves, and purify d the blood .
But we their fons, a pamper’d race of men,
Are dwindl’d down to tbreefcore years and ten. Dryden•
Dodjley.
Threno'dy. n.f. [S'pJivwJfo.] A fong of lamentation.
Thre'sh ER. n. f. properly ihrajher.
Here too the threjher brandiming his flail,
Befpeaks a mafter.
Threshing. See ToThrash.
The careful ploughman doubting flrands,
Left on the threjhing floor his (heaves prove chaff. Milton.
Gideon was taken from threjhing, as well as Cincinnatus
from the plough, to command armies. Locke on Education.
Threshold, n.f. [ftpeycpalo, Saxon.] I he ground or ltep
under the door ; entrance ; gate ; door.
Fair marching forth in honourable wife,
Him at the threjhold met fhe well did enterprize. Spenfer
Many men, that ffumble at the threfrold,
Are well foretold that danger lurks within. Shakefpeare.
Not better
Than ftill at hell’s dark threjhold t’ have fat watch,
Unnam’d, undreaded, and thy ielf half ftarv’d l Milton.
Before the ftarry threjhold of Jove’s court
My manflon is, where tliofe immortal fhapes
Of bright aereal fpirits live infpher’d
In regions mild, of calm and ferene air. Milton,
There fousht the queen’s apartment, flood before
The peaceful threfrold, and befleg’d the door. Dryden.
Threw, preterite of tbrozu.
A broken rock the force of Pyrrhus threw:
Full on his ankle fell the pond’rous ftone,
Burft the ftrong-nerves, and crafh’d the folid bone. Pope.
Thrice, adv. [from three.]
1. Three times.
Thrice he allay’d it from his foot to draw,
And thrice in vain to draw it did allay.
It booted nought to think, to rob him of his prey. Spenfer.
Thrice within this hour
I faw him down ; thrice up again and fighting. Shakefp.
2. A word of amplification.
Thrice noble lord, let me entreat of you
To pardon me. Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
Thrice, and four times happy thofe
That under Ilian walls before their parents dy’d. Dryden.
To Thrid. v. a. [this is corrupted from thread; in French
enfiler. ] To Aide through a narrow paflage.
Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair.
Some hang upon the pendents of her ear. Pope.
Thrift, n. f. [from thrive.]
1. Profit; gain; riches gotten; ftate of profpering.
He came out with all his clowns, horft upon fuch cart
j'ades, and fo furnifhed, as I thought with myfclt if that
were thrift, I wifht none of my friends or fubjedfs ever to
thrive. Sidney, b. ii.
You fome permit
To fecond ills with ills, each werfe than other.
And make them dreaded to the doer’s thrift. Shakefpeare.
Had I but the means .
To hold a rival place with one of them,
1 have a mind prefages me lucli thrift,
That I fhould be fortunate. ' ha ’ejp. Merchant of Venice.
Should the poor be flatter’d ?
No; let the candied tongue lick abfurd pomp, .
And crook the pregnant hinges of the knee.
Where thrift may follow fawning. Shakefp. Hamlet.
2. Parfimony ; frugality ; good husbandry.
The reft unable to ferve any longer, or willing to fall to
thrift, prove very good hufbands. Spenfer on Ireland.
Out of the prefent fparing and untimely thrift, there grow
many future inconveniences and continual charge in repairing
and re-edifying fuch imperfedt flight-built vefiels. Raleigh.
Thus heaven, though all-fufficient, fhows a thrift
In his ceconomy, and bounds his gift. . Dryden.
3. A plant. . .
The thrift is a plant with a flower gathered into an almoft
fpherical head, furnifhed with a common fcaly empalement:
this head is compofed of feveral clove-gilliflower flowers,
confifting of feveral leaves in a proper empalement, ftiaped
like a funnel; in like manner the pointal rifes out of the
fame empalement, and afterwards turns to an oblong feed,
wrapt up in the empalement, as in an hulk. Miller.
Thriftily, adv. [from thrifty.] Frugally; parfimonioufly.
Cromartie after fourfeore went to his country-houfe to live
thriftily, and lave up money to fpend at London. Swift.
ThriEtinfss. n.f. [from thrifty.] Frugality; hufbandry. ^
If any other place you have,
Which afks fmail pains but thrftinefs to fave. Hubherd.
Some are cenfured for keeping their own, whom tendernefs how to get honeftly teacheth to fpend difcreetly ; whereas
fuch need no great thriftinefs in preferving their own, who
aflume more liberty in exadiing from others. Watton.
ThriEtless. adj. [from thrift.] Profufe ; extravagant.
They in idle pomp and wanton play
Confirmed had their goods and thriftlefs hours.
And thrown themfelves into thefe heavy flowers. Spenfer.
26 L He
THR
He fiiall fpend mine honour with his (Lame,
As thriftlefs Ions their (craping fathers gold. Shakefpeare.
Thri'fty. adj. [from thrift.']
1. Frugal; fparing; notprofufe; not lavilh.
Though fome men do, as do they would,
Let thrifty do, as do they fhould. iujfet.
Nature never lends
The fmalleft fcruple of her excellence,
But like a thrifty goddefs fhe determines
Herfelf the glory of a creditor.
Thanks and ufe. Shakefpeare.
Left he fhould ncglcCt his ftudies
Like a young heir, the thrifty goddefs.
For fear young mafter fhould be fpoil’d,
Would ufe him like a younger child. Swift.
I am glad he has fo much youth and vigour left, of which
he hath not been thrifty; but wonder he has no more diferetion. ,
2. Well-hufbanded.
I have five hundred crowns.
The thrifty hire I fav’d under your father. Shakefpeare.
To Thrill, v. a. [Jjyphan. Saxon; drilla, Swcdifh.] To
pierce ; to bare; to penetrate; to drill.
The cruel word her tender heart fo thriftd.
That fudden cold did run through every vein,
And ftormy horrour all her fenfes fill’d
With dying fit, that down fhe fell for pain. Fairy Qu.
He pierced through his chaffed cheft
With thrilling point of deadly iron brand,
And lanc’d his lordly heart. Fairy £>u. b. i.
A lervant that he bred, thrill'd with remorfe,
Oppos’d againft the add; bending his fword
To his great mafter. Shakefpeare s King Lear.
Nature, that heard fucli found,
Beneath the hollow round
Of Cynthia’s feat, the airy region thrilling,
Now was almoft won,
To think her part was done. Milton.
To Thrill, v. n.
1. To have the quality of piercing.
The knight his thrillant fpear again aflay’d.
In his brafs-plated body to embofs. Fairy £ht. b. i.
With that, one of his thrillant darts he threw,
Headed with ire and vengeable delpite. Fairy £ht. b. ii.
2. To pierce or wound the ear with a fharp found.
The piteous maiden, careful, comfortlefs.
Does throw out thrilling fhrieks, and fhrieking cries.
Fairy Shteen, b. i.
3. To feel a fharp tingling fenfation.
To feek fweet fafety out,
In vaults and prifons ; and to thrill and fhake,
Ev’n at the crying of our nation’s crow,
Thinking his voice an armed Englifhman. Shakefpeare<
Art thou not horribly afraid ? Doth not thy blood thrill at
jt ? Shakefp. Henry IV. p. i.
4. To pafs with a tingling fenfation.
A faint cold fear thrills through my veins,
That almoft freezes up the heat of life. Shakefpeare.
A fudden horror chill
Ran through each nerve, and thrill'd in ev’ry vein. Addifon.
To THRIVE, v. n. pret. throve, and fometimes lefs properly
thrived, part, thriven. [Of this word there is found no fatiffaCtory etymology: in the northern dialed! they ufe throdden,
to make grow; perhaps throve was the original word, from
Iflandick, to encreafe.] Toprofper; to grow rich; to
advance in any thing defired.
He came forth with his clowns horft on poor cart-jades,
and fo furnifhed, that if this be thrift, I wifh my fubjefts
never thrive. Sidney.
The better thou thrivtft, the gladder am I. Tujfer.
If lord Percy thrive not, ere the king
Difmifs his power, he means to vifit us. Shakefpeare.
It grew amongft bufhes, where commonly plants do not
thrive. Bacons Nat. Hijl. N°. 620.
They by vices thrive,
Sail on finooth feas, and at their port arrive. Sandys.
O fon ! why fit we here, each other viewing
Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives
In other worlds, and happier feat provides
For us, his offspring dear ? Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Thofc who have refolved upon the thriving fort of piety,
fcldom embark all their hopes in one bottom. Decay of Piety.
A careful fhepherd not only turns his flock into a common
pafturc, but with particular advertence obferves the thriving
of every one. Decay of Piety.
Growth is of the very nature of fome things: to be and
to thrive is all one with them; and they know no middle
feafon between their fpring and their fall. South's Sertn.
Experienc'd age in deep defpair was loft.
To fee the rebel thrive, the loyal croft. Dryden.
Seldom a thriving man turns his land into money to make
the greater advantage. Locke.
T HR
The thriven calves in meads their food forfake,
And render their fweet fouls before the plenteous rack.
Dryden's Virgil.
A little hope-but I have none.
On air the poor camelions thrive,
Deny’d ev’n that my love can live. Granville.
Such a care hath always been taken of the city charities,
that they have thriven and profpered gradually from their in*
fancy, down to this very day. Atterbury's Sermons.
In the fat age of pleafure, wealth and eafe.
Sprung the rank weed, and thriv'd with large increafe.
Pope's F.fjay on Criticifm.
Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches
of the undemanding, as well as in gold. IVatts's Logick.
Thri'ver. n.f [from thrive.] One that profpers; one that
grows rich.
He had fo well improved that little ftock his father left, as
he was like to prove a thnver in the end. Hayward.
Thri'vingly. ado. [from thriving.'] In a profperous way.
Thro’, contracted by barbarians from through.
What thanks can wretched fugitives return.
Who fcatter’d thro' the world in exile mourn. Dryden.
Throat, n.f. [Spore, Spora, Saxon.]
1. The forepart of the neck; the paffages of nutriment and
breath.
The gold, I give thee, will I melt and pour
Down thy ill-uttering throat. Shakefpeare.
Wherefore could I not pronounce, amen ?
I had moft need of blefling, and amen
Stuck in my throat. Shakefpeare's Macbeath.
2. The main road of any place. *
Her honour, and her courage try’d.
Calm and intrepid in the very throat
Of fulphurous war, on Teniers dreadful field. Thomfon.
3. To cut the Throat. To murder ; to kill by violence.
Thefe bred up amongft the Englifhmen, when they be¬
come kern, are made more fit to cut their throats. Spenfer.
A trumpeter that was made prifoner, when the ioldiers
were about to cut his throat, fays, why fhould you kill a man
that kills nobody ? L'Ejlrange.
Thro'atpipe. n.f. [throat andy>z/><r.] Theweafon; the wind¬
pipe.
Thro'atwort. n.f. {throat and wort.] A plant.
The throatwort hath a funnel-fhaped flower, confifting of
one leaf, and cut into feveral parts at the top, whofe empalement becomes a membranaceous fruit, often triangular, and
divided into three cells, full of fmall feeds. Aliller.
To Throb, v. n. [from S’opvfsrv, Minfoew and funius; form¬
ed in imitation of the found, Skinner; perhaps contracted
from throw up.]
1. To heave; to beat; to rife as the breaft with forrow or
diftrefs. v ; •1
Here may his head live on my throbbing breaft. Shakefp.
My heart throbs to know one tiling:
Shall Banquo’s iflue ever reign ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
’Twas the clafh of fwords : my troubled heart
Is fo caft down, and funk amidft its forrows,
It throbs with fear, and akes at every found. Addifon.
How that warm’d me ! How my throbbing heart
Leapt to the image of my father’s joy.
When you fhou’d ftrain me in your folding arms. Smith.
2. To beat; to palpitate.
In the depending orifice there was a throbbing of the arte¬
rial blood, as in an aneurifm, the blood being choaked in
by the contufed flefh. Wifeman's Surgery.
Throb, n.f. [from the verb.] Heave; beat; ftroke of pal¬
pitation.
She figh’d from bottom of her wounded breaft.
And after many bitter throbs did throw.
With lips full pale, and fault’ring tongue oppreft. Fa. Qic.
Thou talk’ft like one who never felt
Th’ impatient throbs and longings of a foul.
That pants and reaches after diltant good. Addifon's Cato.
Throe, n.f [from 'Spopian, to fuffery Saxon.]
1. The pain of travail; the anguilh of bringing children : it is
likewife written throiv.
Lucina lent not me her bed,
But took me in my throes. Shakefp. Cymbtiine.
My womb pregnant, and now exceflive grown.
Prodigious motion felt and rueful throes. Milter.r.
Not knowing ’twas my labour, I complain
Of fudden fhootings, and of grinding pains, ^
My throes come thicker and my cries increas’d. . Dryden.
ReflcCt on that day, when earth fhall be again in travan
with her fons, and at one fruitful throe bring forth a.i the.
generations of learned and unlearned, noble and ignoble
Rogers's Sermons.
2. Any extreme agony ; the final and mortal ftrugglc.
O man ! have mind of that moft bitter throet
For as the tree does fall fo lies it ever low. Fairy £>?.
To cafe them of their griefs,
Their fears of boftile ftroke?, their aches, Ioffes,
Their
T H R THR
i.
2.
Milton.
Milton.
Pope.
A
Their pangs of love, with other incident throes.
That nature’s fragile veffd doth fuftain
In life’s uncertain voyage, I will do
Some kindneis to them. Shakcfp. Timon of Athens.
To Throe. v. a. [from the noun.] To put in agonies.
The fetting of thine eye and cheek proclaim a birth,
Which throes thee much to yield.
Throne, n.f. [;ibronus, Lat. 3po'v<^\]
A royal feat; the feat of a king.
Boundlefs intemperance "hath been
Th’ untimely emptying of the happy throne,
And full of many kings. Shakcfp. Macbeth.
Th’ eternal father from his throne beheld
Their multitude. Milton.
Stonehenge once thought a temple, you have found
A throne where kings were crown’d. Dryden.
The feat of a bifhop.
In thofe times the bifhops preached on the fteps of the
altar Handing, having not as yet afliimcd the Hate of a throne.
Ayllffc s Parergon.
To Throne, v. a. [from the noun.] To enthrone; to fet on
3 royal feat.
They hare, as who have not, whom their great liars
Thron'd and fet high ? Shakefpeajc.
True image of the father, whether thron'd
In the bofom of blifs and light of light.
Conceiving or remote from heav’n, enfhrin’d
In flcfhly tabernacle and human form.
C prince ! O chief of many throned powers
Thron'd in glafs and nam’d it Caroline.
Throng, n.f. [ppang, Saxon, from ppinjan, to prefs.]
croud ; a multitude preffing againft each other.
Let us on heaps go offer up our lives :
We are enow yet living in the field.
To fmother up the Englifh in our throngs. Shakefpecire.
A throng
Of thick fhort fobs in thpnd’ring volleys float,
And roul themfelves over her lubrick throat
In panting murmurs. Crajhaw.
This book, the image of his mind.
Will make his name not hard to find.
I wifh the throng of great and good
Made it lefs eas’ly underflood. JValler.
With ftudious thought obferv’d th’ illuflrious throng,
In nature’s order as they pafs’d along;
Their names, their fates. Dryden's An.
ToThrong. v. n. [from the noun.] To croud; to come in
tumultuous multitudes.
I have feen
The dumb men throng to fee him, and the blind
To hear him fpeak. Shakefpeare's Corlolanus.
His mother could not longer bear the agitations of fo many
pafiions as throng'd upon her, but fell upon his neck, crying
out, my fon. Tatler, N3. 55.
ToThrong. v. a. To opphefs or incommode with crouds or
tumults.
I’ll fay, thou haft gold :
Thou wilt be throng’d too fhortly. Shakefpeare.
The multitude throng thee and prefs thee. Luke viii. 45.
All accels was throng’d, the gates
Thick fwarm’d. Milton.
Thro'stle. n.f. [fpoptle, Saxon.] The thrufh; a fmall
tinging bird.
The throjlle with his note fo true,
The wren with little quill. Shakefpeare.
The black-bird and throjlel with their melodious voices bid
welcome to the cheerful fpring, JValton’s Angler.
Thro'ttle. n.f. [from throat.] The windpipe.
At the upper extreme it hath no larinx or throttle to qua¬
lify the found. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
To Throstle, v. a. [from the noun.] To choak; to fuffocate ; to kill by flopping the breath.
I have feen them lhiver and look pale,
Make periods in the nudft of fentences.
Throttle their pradtis’d accents in their fears.
And, in conclufion, dumbly have broke off. Shakefpeare.
As when Antteus in Iraffa flrove
With Jove’s Alcides, and oft foil’d frill rofe.
Receiving from his mother earth new ftrength,
Frefh from his fall and fiercer grapple join’d.
Throttled at length in th’ air, expir’d and fell. Milton.
His throat half throttld with corrupted phlegm,
And breathing through his jaws a belching fleam. Dryden.
The throttling quin fey ’tis my flar appoints,
And rheumatifm 1 fend to rack the joints.
Throttle thyfelf with an ell of flrong tape,
For thou hafl not a groat to attone for a rape.
Throve, the preterite of thrive.
England never throve fo well, nor was there ever
into England fo great an increafe of wealth fince.
I. From end to end of.
He hath been fo fucccfsful with common heads, that he
hath led their belief through all the works of nature. Brown.
A fimplicity fhines through all he writes. Dryden.
Fame of th’ aflerted fea through Europe blown,
Made France and Spain ambitious of his love. Dryden.
Shakefp. Tempejl. 2. Noting paffage.
‘through the gate of iv’ry he difmifs'd
His valiant offspring. Dryden’s Ain.
The fame thing happened when I removed the prifm out
of the fun’s light, and looking through it upon the hole firm¬
ing by the light of the clouds beyond it. Newton.
By tranfmiflion.
Through thefe hands this fcience has paffed with great applaufe. Temple.
Material things are prefented only through their fenfes;
they have a real influx on thefe, and all real knowledge of
material things is conveyed into the underftanding through
thefe fenfes. Cheyne’s Phil. Principles.
By means of.
The flrong through pleafure foonefl falls, the weak through
fmart. Fairy ijhieen, b. ii.
Something you may deferve of him through me. Shak.
By much flothfulnefs the building decayeth, and through
idlenefs of the hands the houfe droppeth through. pccluf. x.
You will not make this a general rule to debar fuch from
preaching the gofpel, as have through infirmity fallen. JVhitgift.
Seme through ambition, or through tbirfl of gold,
Dryden.
ThROUGH, prep.
man.]
[jjuph, Saxon ; door, Dutch j durch, GerHave flain their brothers, and their country folc
To him, to him ’tis giv’n
Paflion, and care, and anguifh to deflroy:
Through him foft peace and plenitude of joy
Perpetual o’er the world redeem’d fhall flow. Prior.
Through, adv.
1. Frome one end or fide to the other.
You’d be fo lean, that blafls of January
Would blow you through and through. Shakefpeare.
Inquire how metal may be tinged through and through, and
with what, and into what colours ? Bacon.
Pointed fatire runs him through and through. Oldham.
To underfland the mind of him that writ, is to read the
whole letter through, from one end to the other. Locke.
2. To the end of any thing.
Every man brings fuch a degree of this light into the
world with him, that though it cannot bring him to heaven,
yet it will carry him fo far, that if he follows it faithfully he
fhall meet with another light, which fhall carry him quite
through. South’s Sermons.
Thro'ughbred. adj. [through and bred, commonly thorough¬
bred.] Completely educated ; completely taught.
A through-bred foldier weighs all prefent circumftances and
all poffible contingents. Grcw’s Cofmol.
Throughli'ghted. adj. [through and light.] Lighted on both
fides.
That the befl pieces be placed where are the feweff lights ;
therefore not only rooms windowed on both ends, called
throughlighted, but with two or more windows on the fame
fide are enemies to this art. IVotton’s Architecture.
Throughly, adv. [from through. It is commonly written
thoroughly, as coming from thorough.]
1. Completely ; fully ; entirely ; wholly.
The fight fo throughly him difmay’d,
That nought but death before his eyes he faw. Spenfer.
Rice muft be throughly boiled in refpedt of its hardnefs. Bac.
No lefs wifdom than what made the world can throughly
underfland fo vaft a defign. Tillotfon.
2. Without referve ; fincerely.
Though it be fomewhat fingular for men truly and throughly
to live up to the principles of their religion, yet fingularity in
this is a fingular commendation. Tillotfon’s Sermons.
Throughout, prep, [through and out.] Quite through ; in
every part of.
Thus it fareth even dean throughout the whole controverfy
about that difeipline which is fo earneftly urged. Hooker.
There followed after the defeat an avoiding of all Spanifh
forces throughout Ireland. Bacon,
O for a clap of thunder, as loud
As to be heard thi'eaghout the univerfe,
To tell the world the fadt, and to applaud it. B. fohnfon.
Impartially inquire how we have behaved ourfelves through¬
out the courfe of this long war. Atterbury's Sermons,
Throughout, adv. Everywhere; in every part.
Subdue it, and throughout dominion hold
Over fifh of the fea and fowl of the air. Milton.
His youth and age
All of a piece throughout, and all divine. Dryden.
Swift. Throughpa'ced. adj. [through and pace.] Perfedl; complete.
He is very dextrous in puzzling others, if they be not
throughpaced fpeculators in thofe great theories. More.
To ThruW. preter. threw, part, paff, thrown, v. c. [Spapan,
Saxon.]
1. To
Dryden.
brought
Locke.
THR T HR
1. To fling; to caft ; to fend to a diftant place by any projec¬
tile force.
Preianes threw down upon the Turks fire and fealding oil.
Knolles's Hiji. of the Turks.
His head lhall be thrown to thee over the wall. 2 *Sam. xx.
Shimci threw ftonesat him and calf dull. 2 Sam. xvi. 13.
A poor widow threw in two mites, which make a farthin^. JWark xii. 42.
He fell
From heav’n, they fabled, thrown by angry Jove
Sheer o’er the cryftal battlements; Milton.
Calumniate ftoutly; for though we wipe away with never
fo much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left fome
fulliage behind. Decay of Piety.
Ariofto, in his voyage of Aftolpho to the moon, has a fine
allegory of two fwans, who, when time had thrown the
writings of many poets into the river of oblivion, were ever
in a readinefs to fecure the bell:, and bear them aloft into the
temple of immortality. Dryden.
When Ajax Arrives fome rock’s vaft weight to throw,
The line too labours, and the words move flow. Pope.
The air-pump, barometer, and quadrant, were thrown
out t6 thofe bufy fpirits, as tubs and barrels are to a whale,
that he may let the fhip fail on while he diverts himfelf with
thofe innocent amufements. Addifon's SpekT.
2. To tofs ; to put with any violence or tumult. It always
comprifes the idea of hafte, force or negligence.
To threats the ftubborn finner oft is hard,
' Wrap’d in his crimes againft the ftorm prepar’d ;
But when the milder beams of mercy play,
He melts, and throws his cumb’rous cloak away. Dryden.
The only means for bringing France to our conditions, is
to throw in multitudes upon them, and overpower them with
numbers. Addifon's State of the JVar.
Labour calls the humours into their proper channels, throws
oft' redundancies, and helps nature. Addifon's Sped?.
Make room for merit, by throwing down the worthlefs and
depraved part of mankind from thofe confpicuous ftations to
which they have been advanced. Addifon's Spekt. NV126.
The ifland Inarime contains, within the compafs of eighteen
miles, a wonderful variety of hills, vales, rocks, fruitful
plains, and barren mountains, all thrown together in a moffc
romantick confufion. Berkley to Pope.
3. To lay carelefly, or in hafte.
His majefty departed to his chamber, and threw himfelf
upon his bed, lamenting with much paflion, and _ abundance
of tears, the lofs of an excellent fervant. Clarendon.
At th’ approach of night,
On the firft friendly bank he throws him down.
Or refts his head upon a rock till morn. Addifon s Cato.
4. To venture at dice.
Learn more than thou troweft.
Set lefs than thou throwcjl. ’ "Shakefp. King Lear.
5. To caft ; to ftrip off.
There the fnake throws the enamell'd fkin,
Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in. Shakefpeare.
6. To emit in any manner.
To arms ; for I have thrown
A brave defiance in king Henry’s'teeth. Shak. Henry IV.
One of the Greek orator’s antagonifts reading over the
oration that procured his banilhment, and feeing his friends
admire it, afked them, if they were fo much affedled by the
bare reading, how much more they would have been alarm¬
ed if they had heard him actually throwing out fuch a ftorm
of eloquence. Addijon.
There is no need to throw words of contempt on fuch a
practice ; the very defeription of it carries reproof. IVattS.
7. To fpread in hafte.
O’er his fair limbs a flow’ry veft he threw,
And iftu’d like a god to mortal view. Pope's Odyffey.
8. To overturn in wreftling.
If the finner lhall not only wreftle with this angel, but
throw him too, and win fo complete a victory over bis confcience, that all thefc confiderations fhall be able to Itrike no
terrour into his mind, he is too ftrong for grace. South.
9. To drive ; to fend by force.
Myfelf diftreft, an exile and unknown, 1
Debarr’d from Europe, and from Alia thrown, V
In' Libyan defarts wander thus alone. Dryden's Azn. )
.When feamen are thrown upon any unknown coaft in Ame¬
rica, they never venture upon the fruit of any tree, unfels
they obferve it marked with the pecking of birds. Addifofl.
- Poor youth ! how canft thou throw him from thee ?
Hilda, thou know’ft not half the love he bears thee. Add.
10. To make to act at a diftance.
'Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,
Even till we make th’ aerial blue
An'indiftindt regard. Shakefp. Othello.
• 1 r. To repofe.
In time of temptation be not bufy to difputc, but rely upon
• thq conclufion, and throw your felf upon God, and contend
4idt with'him but in prayer. Taylor's holy living.
12. To change by any kind of violence.
A new title, or an unfufpected fucce/s, throws us out of
ourfe.lves, and in a manner deftroys our identity. Addifon.
'1 o throw his language more out of profc, Homer afledts
the compound epithets. Pope.
13. To turn, \tornare, Lat.J Ainf
'14.' 5VThrow away. To lofe ; to fpend in vain.
He warms ’em to avoid the courts and camps.
Where dilatory fortune plays the jilt
With the brave, noble, ftoneft, gallant man,
1 o throw herfelf away on fools and knaves. Otway.
In vain on ftudy time away we throw,
When we forbear to ad the things we know. Denham.
A man had better ttoioiv away his care upon any thing elle
than upon a gaiden on wet or moift ground. * Temple.
Had we but lading youth arid time to fpare.
Some might be throivn aivay on fame and war. Dryden.
He figh’d, breath’d ftiort, and wou’d have fpoke.
But was too fierce to throw away the time. Dryden.
The next in place and punifliment are they
Who prodigally throw their fouls away;
Fools who, repining at their wretched ftate,
And loathing anxious life, fuborn’d their fate. Dryden.
In poetry the exprellion beautifies the defign ; if it be vi¬
cious or unpteafing, the coft of colouring is thrown away
upon it. Dryden s Dufrefoy.
The well-meaning man fhould rather confider what op¬
portunities he has of doing good to his country, than throw
away his time in deciding the rights of princes. Addifon.
She threw away her money upon roaring bullies, that went .
about the ftrects. Arbuthnot's HiJl. of fohn Bull.
15. To Throw away. To rejedl.
He that will throw away a good book becaufe it is not
gilded, is more curious to pleafe his eye than underftanding.
Taylor.
16. To Throw by. To rejedl; to lay afide as of no ufe.
It can but fhevv
Like one of Juno’s difguifes ; and,
When tilings fucceed, be thrown by, or let fall. B. fohnf
He that begins to have any doubt of his tenets, received
without examination, ought, in reference to that queftion,
to throw wholly by all his former notions. Locke.
17. To Throw clown. To fubvert; to overturn.
Muft one rafh word, th’ infirmity of age.
Throw down the merit of my better years :
This the reward of a whole life of fervice ? Addifon. .
18. To TiRrW off. To expel.
The falts and oils in the animal body, as foon as they pu¬
trefy, arz thrown off, or produce mortal diftempers.' Arbuth.
19. To Throw off. To rejedl; to renounce : as, to throw off
an acquaintance.
’Twou’d be better
Cou’d you provoke hirn to give you th’ occanon,
And then to throw him off. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
Can there be any reafon why the houfnold of God alone
fhould throw of ail that orderly dependence and duty, by
which all other houfes are beft governed ? Sprat.
20. To Throw cut. To exert; to bring forth into act.
She throws out thrilling fhrieks and ihrieking cries. Spenf.
The gods in bounty work up ftorms about us,
That give mankind occafion to exert
Their hidden ftrength, and throw out into practice
Virtues which fhun the day Addijon.
21. To Throw out. To diftance ; to leave behind.
When e’er did Juba, or did Portius, fhow
A virtue that has caft me at a diftance,
And throivn me out in the purfuits of honour ? Addifon.
22. To Throw out. To ejedl; to expel.
The other two whom they had thrown out thev were con¬
tent fhould enjoy their exile. Swift.
23. To Throw out. To rejedl; to exclude.
T he oddnefs of the propofition taught others to refbdt a
little ; and the bill was thrown out. Swift.
24. To Throw up. To relign angrily.
Bad games are thrown up too foon,
Until they’re never to be won. Hudibras, p. iii.
Experienced gamefters throw up their cards when they
know the game is in the enemy’s hand, without unnecefiary
vexation in playing it out. Addifon's Freeholder.
Life we muft not part with foolifhly : it muft not be thrown
up in a pet, nor facrificed to a quarrel. Collier.
25. To Throw up. To emit; toejedf; to bring up.
Judge of the caufc by the fubftances the patient throws up.
Arbuthnot.
'To Throw, v. n.
1. To perform the adl of calling.
2. To caft dice.
3. To Throw about. To caft about; to try expedients.
Now unto defpair I ’gin to grow,
And mean for better wind about to throwv Hnbberd.
Throw. n.f [from the'verb.]
I. A caft; the adl of calling or throwing.
2 He
THR T H U
He heav’d a ftone, and rifirig to the throw
He Tent it in a whirlwind at the foe ;
A tow’r affaulted by fo rude a ftroke,
With all its lofty battlements had Ihook. Addifon.
2. A caft of dice; the manner in which the dice fall when they
are caft.
If Hercules and Lichas play at dice
Which is the better man, the greater throw
May turn by fortune from the weaker hand:
So is Alcides beaten by his page. Shakefpeare.
If they err finally, it is like a man’s miffing his caft when
he throws dice for his life; his being, his happinefs, and all,
is involved in the errour of one throw. South's Sermons.
Suppofe any particular order of the alphabet to be affigncd, and the twenty-four letters caft at a venture, fo as to
fall in a line; it is many million of millions odds to one
againft any fingle throw, that the affigned order will not be
caft. Bentley's Sermons.
3. 1 he fpace to which any thing is thrown.
I have ever narrified mv friends.
Like to a bowl upon a fubtle ground
I’ve tumbled paft the throw ; and in his praife
Have, aimoft, ftamp’d the leafing. Shakefp. Coriolamts.
The Sirenum Scopuli are two or three (harp rocks that
Hand about a ftone’s throw from the fouth fide of the ifland.
Addifon.
4. Stroke ; blow.
So fierce he laid about him* and dealt blows
On either fide, that neither mail could hold,
Ne fliield defend the thunder of his throws. Fa. Queen.
5. Effort; violent fally.
Your youth admires
The throws and fvvellings of a Roman foul ;
Cato’s bold flights, the extravagance of virtue. Addifon.
6. The sgonv of childbirth : in this fenfe it is written throe.
_ O J
See Throe.
The moft pregnant wit in the world never brings forth
any thing great without feme pain and travail, pangs and
throws before the delivery. South’s Sermons.
But when the mother’s throws begin to come.
The creature, pent within the narrow room,
Breaks his blind prifon. Dryden.
Say, my ffiendfhip wants him
To help me bring to light a manly birth ;
Which to the wand’ring world I fliall difclofe;
Or if he fail me, perifh in my throws. Dryden.
Thro wer. n.J. [from throw.] One that throws.
Antigonus,
Since fate, againft thy better difpofition,
Hath made thy perfon for the thrower out
Of my poor babe;
Places remote enough are in Bohemia,
There weep, or leave it crying. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
Thrum, n.f. [thraum, Iflandick, the end of any thing..]
1. The ends of weavefs threads.
2. Any coarfe yarn.
1 Here’s her thrum hat, and her muffler too. Shakefpeare.
O fates, come, come.
Cut thread and thrum,
Quail, crufts, conclude and quell. Shakefpeare.
All mofs hath here and there little ftalks, befides the low
thrum. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 537.
Wou’d our thrum-cap'd anceftors find fault
For want of fugar tongs, or fpoons for fait. King.
To Ti-irum. v. a. To grate ; to play coarfiy.
Bljunderbufles planted in every loop-hole, go off conftantly at the fqueaking of a fiddle and the thrumming of a guittar. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
Thrush, n.f. [jjjupc, Saxon.]
1. A fmall Tinging bird.
Of finging birds they have linnets, goldfinches, black¬
birds and thrujhcs. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Pain, and a fine thrujb, have been feverally endeavouring
to call off my attention ; but both in vain. Pope.
2. [From thru/l: as we fay, a pujh; a breaking out.] By this
name are called fmall, round, fuperficial ulcerations, which
appear firft in the mouth ; but as they proceed from the obftru&ion of the emifiaries of the faliva, by the lentor and
vifeofity of the humour, they may a fteel; every part of the
alimentary du£t except the thick guts : they arc juft the fame
in the inward parts as fcabs in the (kin, and fall oft' from the
infide of the bowels like a cruft : the nearer they approach
to a whitd colour the lefs dangerous. Arbuthnot on Diet.
To Thrust, v. a. [trufito, Lat.]
1. To pulh any thing into matter, or between clofe bodies.
Thru/l in thy fickle and reap. Rev. xiv. 15.
2. To pulh ; to remove with violence ; to drive. It is ufed of
perfons or things.
They fhould not only not be thru/l out, but alfo have
eftates and grants of their lands new made to them. Spcnjir.
When the king comes, offer him no violence,
Unlei's he leek to thru/l you out by force. Shakefpeare.
, Lock up my doors ; and when you bear the drum;
Clamber not you up to the evifements then,
Nor thru/l your head into the publick ftre'ets. Shakefpeare.
When the aft faw the angel, file thru/l Herfelf unto the
wall, and cruftit Balaam’s foot. Nurn. xxii. 22.
On this condition will I make a covenant with you, that
I may thru/l out ail your right eyes. 1 Sam. xi. 2.
She caught him by the feet; but Gehazi came near to
thru/l her away. 2 Kings iv. 27.
Thou lFin.lt ftonc him that he die ; bccaufe he hath fought
to tbru/i thee away from the Lord. Dent. xiii. 10.
The prince fliall not take of the people’s inheritance, by
oppreffion to thrU/l them out. lfn. xlvi. lift
Thou Capernaum, which art exalted to heaven, ffialt be
thru/l down to hell. Luke x. 15.
The fons of Belial fliall be as thorns thru/i away. 2 Sam.
Rich, then lord chancellor, a man of quick and lively de¬
livery of fpeech, but as of mean birth fo prone to thru/l for¬
wards the ruin of great perfons, in this manner fpake. Huyw.
They
In hate of kings fliall caft anew the frame,
And thru/i out Collatine that bore their name. Dryden.
To juftify his threat, he thru/ls afide
The croud of centaurs; and redeems the bride. Dryden.
3. To ftab.
Tr-rrrr \f Phineas thru/l both of them through. Num. x. AAV • (j 0
4. To comprefs.
He thru/i the fleece together, and tvriilged the dew out of
ft- Judg. vi. 33a
5. To impel; to urge.
We make guilty of our difafters, the fun, the moon, and
liars, as if we were villains on neceffity, and all that we are
evil in, by a divine thru/ling on. Shakefp. King Lear.
6. To obtrude ; to intrude.
Who’s there, I fay ? How dare you thru/l yourfelvcs
Into my private meditations ? Shakefp. Henry VIII.
I go to meet
The noble Brutus, thru/lihg this report
Into his ears. Shakefpeare's Julius Crefar.
Should he not do as rationally, who, upon this affurance,
took phyfick from any one who had taken on himfelf the
name of phyfician, or thrujl himfelf into that employment.
Locke.
To Thrust, v. n.
1. To make a hoftile pulh ; to attack with a pointed weapon.
2. To fqueeze in ; to put himfelf into any placd by violence.
I’ll be a Spartan while I live on earth;
But when in heav’11, i 11 Hand next Plercules,
And thru/l between my father and the god. Dryden.
3. To intrude.
Not all,
Who like intruders thru/l into their fervice.
Participate their facred influence. Rowe.
4. To pulh forwards ; to come violently ; to throng ; to prefs.
Young, old, thru/l there,
In mighty concourfe. Chapman's Ody/fey.
The miferable men which fhrunk from the work were
again beaten forward, and prelently flain, and frefh men ftill
tbrU/l on. Knolles’s H'tjl of the Turks.
ThPvUST. n.f [from the verb.]
1. Hoftile attack with any pointed weapon.
Zelmane hearkening to no more, began with fuch witty
fury to purfue him with blows and thru/ls, that nature and
virtue commanded him to look to his fafety. Sidney.
That thrujl had been mine enemy indeed,
But that my coat is better than thou know’ft. Shakefpeare.
Polites Pyrrhus, with his Iancej purfues,
And often reaches, and his thru/ls renews. Dryden.
2. Affault; attack.
There is one thrujl at your pure, pretended mechanifm.
Adore's Divine Dialogues.
Thru'ster.1 n.f. [from thru/l.] He that thrufts.
Thru'stle. n.J. [from thrujb. J 'fthrufh ; throttle.
No thrujlles thrill the bramble bufh forfake ;
No chirping lark the welkin fhcen invokes. Gay.
To Thryfa'llow. v. a. [thrice andfallow.] To give the'third
plowing in femmer.
TbryfalloW betime for deftroying of weed,
Left thiftle and docke fal a blooming and feed. Tufferl
THUMB, n.f. [’Santa, Saxon.] The thort ftrong finger anfwering to the other four. r
Here I have a pilot’s thumb,
Wreck’d as homeward he did come. Shakefp. Macbeth.
When he is dead you will wear him in thumbi'mzy, as the
Turks did Scanderbeg* Drvden.
Every man in 1 urkey is of fome trade : Sbltan Achm'et
was a maker of ivory rings, which the Turks wear upon their
thumbs when they ftioot their arrows. Broome.
It is divided into four fingers bending forwards, and one
oppofite bending backwards called the thumb, to join with
them feverally or united, whereby it is fitted to lay hold of
objects. Ray on the Creation.
26 M THUME'-'
r
•x.
t.4
'•'Sa
THU
ThUmb-band. tuf. [thumb and band.] A twid of any ma¬
terials made thick as a man’s thumb.
' v,Tie thumb-bands of hay round them. Mortimer.
To ThiImb. v. n. To handle aukwardly.
Thumbstal. n.f [thumb andflail] A thimble.
Thump, n.f. [thombo, Italian.] A hard heavy dead dull blow
with fomething blunt. %
And blund'ring dill with fmarting rump,
He gave the knight’s deed fuch a thump
As made him reel. Hudibras, p. i.
Before, behind, tire blows are dealt; around
Their hollow Tides the rattling thumps refound. Dryden.
Their thumps and bruifes might turn to account, if they
could beat each other into good manners. Addifon.
The watchman gave fo great a thump at my door, that I
awaked at the knock. Tatler.
To Thump, v. a. To beat with dull heavy blows.
Thofe badard Britons whom our fathers
Have in their land beaten, bqbb’d, and thump'd. Shakefp.
To 1'hump. V. n. To fall or drike with a dull heavy blow.
A done
Levell’d fo right, it thump'd upon
His manly paunch, with fuch a force
As almod beat him off his horfe. Hudibras, p. i.
A watchman at midnight thumps with his pole. Swift.
Thu'mfer. n.f [from thump.] The perfon or thing that
thumps.
THUNDER, n.f pSunbcp, Sunoji, Saxon; dunder, Swedifn ; dander, Dutch ; tonnere, Fr.]
Thunder is a moft bright flame riflng on a fudden, mov¬
ing with great violence, and with a very rapid velocity,
through the air, according to any determination, upwards
from the earth, horizontally, obliquely, downwards, in a
right line, or in feveral right lines, as it were in Terpentine
trails, joined at various angles, and commonly ending with
a loud noife or rattling. -Mufchenbroek.
2. In popular and poetick language thunder is commonly the
noife, and lightning the flafh; though thunder is fometimes
taken for both.
I do not bid the thunder bearer fhoot,
Nor tell tales of thee to high-judging Jove. Shahefpeare.
No more, thou thunder mailer, fhew
Thy fpite on mortal flies. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
The revenging gods
’Gainfl parricides all the thunder bend. Shahefpeare.'
The thunder
Wing’d with red light’ning and impetuous rage,
Perhaps hath fpent his fhafts, and ceafes now
To bellow through the vaft and boundlefs deep. Milton.
3. Any lqud noife or tumultuous violence.
So fierce he laid about him, and dealt blows
On either fide, that neither mail could hold
Ne Ihield defend the thunder of his throws. Spcnfer.,
Here will we face this Itorm of infolence.
Nor fear the noify thunder; let it roll.
Then burd, and fpend at once its idle rage. Rowe.
To ThUnder. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To make thunder.
His nature is too noble for the world :
He would not flatter Neptune for his trident, _
Nor Jove for’s power to thunder. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
2. To make a loud or terrible noife.
So foon as fome few notable examples had thundered a duty
into the fubjects hearts, he foon fhewed no bafenefs of lufpicjon> Sidney, b. ii.
His dreadful name late through all Spain did thunder,
And Hercules’ two pillars (landing near.
Did make to quake and fear. Spenfer.
His dreadful voice no more
Would thunder in my ears. Milton.
Like a black fheet the whelming billow fpread,
' Burft o’er the float, and thunder'd on his head. Pope.
To ThUnder. v. a.
1. To emit with noife and terrour.
Oracles fevere.
Were daily thunder d in our general s ear.
That by his daughter’s blood we mud appeafe
Diana’s kindled wrath. Dryden.
2. To publifh any denunciation or threat.
An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an
ecclefiaftical ccnfure. , Aylijje.
ThUnderbolt. n.f. [thunder and bolt, as it fignifies an ar¬
row,]
I. Lightning; the arrows of heaven.
If I had a thunderbolt in mine eye, I can fcell who fliould
down. . Shahefpeare.
Let the lightning of this thunderbolt, which hath been fo
fevere a punifhment to one, be a terrour to all. K. Charles.
My heart does beat.
As if ’twere forging thunderbolts for Jove. Denham.
Who can omit the Gracchi, who declare
The Seipio’s worth, thofe thunderbolts of war ? Dryden.
4
THU
The mod remarkable piece in Antonine’s pillar, is Jupiter
Pluvius fending down rain on the fainting army of Marcus Au¬
relius, and thunderbolts on his enemies ; which is the greated
confirmation of the dory of the Chridian legion. Addifon.
2. Fulmination; denunciation properly ccclefiadijcal.
He feverely threatens fuch with the thunderbolt of excom¬
munication. llakewill on Providence.
Thu'nderclap. n.f. [thunder and clap.] Explofion of thun¬
der.
The kindly bird that bears Jove’s thunderclap,
One day did fcorn the Ample fcarabee,
* Proud of his highed fervice, and good hap;
That made all other fowls his thralls to be. Spenfer.
When fome dreadful thunderclap is nigh.
The winged fire flroots lwiftiy through the fky;
Strikes and confumes ere fcarce it does appear,
And, by the fudden ill, prevents the fear. Dryden.
When fuddcnly the thunderclap was heard,
It took us unprepar’d, and out of guard. Dryden.
Thu'nderer. n.f. [froin thunder.] The power that thun¬
ders.
How dare you, ghofts,
Accufe the thundercr, whole bolt you know.
Sky-planted, batters all rebelling coads ? Shahefpeare.
Had the old Greeks difeover’d your abode,
Crete had’nt been the cradle of their god ;
On that (mail ifland they had look’d with fcprn,
And in Great Britain thought the thunderer born. Walter.
When the bold Typhous
Forc’d great Jove from his ov/n heav’n to fly,
The lefler gods that (har’d his profp’rous date.
All furFer’d in the exil’d thunderer'5 fate. Dryden.
Thu'nderous. adj. [from thunder.] Producing thunder.
Look in and fee each blifsful deity.
Plow he before the thunderous throne doth lie. Milton.
Thu'ndershower, n.f. [thunder and /bower.] A rain ac¬
companied with thunder.
The conceit is long in delivering, and at lad it comes like
a thunder/hower, full of fulphur and darknefs, with a teriible
crack. Stillingfleet.
In thunderfljowers the winds and clouds are oftentimes con¬
trary to one another, efpecially if hail falls, the lultry wea¬
ther below directing the wind one way, and the cold above
the clouds another. Derham's Pbyflco-Theol.
Thu'nderstone. n.f. [thunder andflone.] A done (abuioufly
fuppofed to be emitted by thunder ; thunderbolt.
Fear no more the light’ning flafh,
Nor th’ all-dreaded thunderflone. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To ThUnderstrike. v. a. [thunder andJlrike.] To blad or
hurt with lightning.
I remained as a man ihunderflricken, net daring, nay not
able, to behold that power. Sidney.
The overthrown he rais’d, and as a herd
Of goats, or tim’rous flock, together throng’d,
Drove them before him thunderflruck.' Milton.
With the voice divine
Nigh thunderflruck, th’ exalted man, to whom
Such high atted was giv’n, a while furvey’d
With wonder. Milton s Par. Reg. b. 1.
’Tis faid that thunderflruck Enceladus
Lies dretch’d fupine. Addifon.
Thuri'ferous. adj. [thurifer, Lat.] Bearing frtyikincenfc.
Thurifica'tion. n.f. [thuris and facia, Latin.] 1 he aid of
fuming with incenfe ; the a£l of burning incenfe.
The feveral acts of worfliip which were required to be
performed to images are proceflions, genuflections, thurifications, deofculations, and oblations. Stillingfleet.
Thursday, n.f [thorfgday, Danifh ; from thor. Thor was
the fon of Odin, yet in fome of the northern parts they wor-
(hipped the fupremc deity under his name, attributing the
power over all things, even the inferior deities, to him. Stil¬
lingfleet.] The fifth day of the week.
Thus. adv. ["Sup, Saxon.]
I. In this manner; in this wife.
It cannot be that they who fpeak thus, (hould thus judge.
Plooker, b.'v.
The knight him calling, afked who he was,
W'ho lifting up his head, him anfvvcrcd thus. Pa. Ipu.
I return’d with fimilar proof enough,
With tokens thus, and thus. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
To be thus is nothing;
But to be fafely thus. Shahefpeare s Machete-.
I have finned againd the Lord, and thus and thus ha\c I
done. 7°f 23*
That the principle that fets on work thefe organs, is no¬
thing elfe but the modification ot matter thus or thus pohtco,
is falfe. . r ?*& HaU'
Beware, I warn thee yet, to tell thy griefs
In terms becoming majefly to hear :
I warn thee thus, bccaufe I know thy temper
Is infolent. Dryden s Don Sebaflian.
Thus
THY
Thus in the triumphs of foft peace I reign. Dryden.
All were attentive to the godlike man.
When from his lofty couch he thus began. Dryden s Mn.
2. To this degree ; to this quantity.
A counfellor of ftate in Spain laid to his mafter, I will tell
your majefty thus much for your comfort, your majefty hath
but two enemies; whereof the one is all the world, and the
other your own minifters. Bacon.
He faid thus far extend, thus far thy bounds. Milton.
Thus much concerning the firft earth, and its production
and form. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
No man reafonably pretends to know thus much, but he
mull pretend to know all things. Tillotfon's Sermons.
This you mud do to inherit life; and if you have come
up thus far, firmly perfevere in it. , TVakc.
To Thwack, v. a. [<iaccian, Saxon.] To ftrike with fomething blunt and heavy ; to threlh ; to bang; to belabour.
He fhall not flay ;
We’ll thwack him hence with diftaffs. Shakcfpcare.
Nick fell foul upon John Bull, to fnatch the cudgel he had
in his hand, that he might thwack Lewis with it. Arbuthnot.
Thefe long fellows, as lightly as they are, fhould find
their jackets well thwack'd. Arbuthnot.
Thwack, n.f. [from the verb.] A heavy hard blow.
But Talgol firft with a hard thwack
Twice bruis’d his head, and twice his back. Hudibras.
They place feveral pots of rice, with cudgels in the neigh¬
bourhood of each pot; the monkeys defeend from the trees,
take up the arms, and belabour one another with a ftorm of
thwacks. Addifon's Freeholder, N°. 50.
Thwart, adj. [Spyyi, Saxon ; dwars, Dutch.] »
1. Tranfverfe ; crofs to fomething ell'e.
This elfe to feveral fpheres thou muft aferibe.
Mov’d contrary with thvoart obliquities. Milton.
2. Perverfe; inconvenient; mifehievous.
To Thwart, v. a.
1. To crofs; to lie or come crofs any thing.
Swift as a (hooting ftar
In Autumn thwarts the night. Milton's Par. Loft, b. iv.
Yon ftream of light, a thoufand ways
Upward and downward thwarting and convolv’d. Thomfon.
2. To crofs; to oppofe; to traverfe,; to contravene.
Some fixteen months and longer might have ftaid.
If crooked fortune had not thwarted me. Shakcfpcare.
Leffer had been
The thwartings of your difpofitions, if
You had not fhew’d how you were difpos’d
Ere they lack’d power to crofs you. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
The underftanding and will never difagreed ; for the propofals of the one never thwarted the inclinations of the other.
South's Sermons.
The rays both gcod and bad, of equal pow’r,
Each thwarting other made a mingled hour. Dryden.
In vain did I the godlike youth deplore,
The more I begg’d, they thwarted me the more. Addifon.
N*tune aton’d, his wrath fhall now refrain,
Or thwart the fynod of the gods in vain. Pope's Odyffey.
To Thwart, v. n. To be oppofite.
It is eafy to be imagined what reception any propofition
fhall find, that fhall at all thwart with thefe internal ora¬
cles. Locke.
Thwa'rtinglv. adv. [from thwarting.] Oppofitely; with
oppofition.
Thy. pronoun. [Sin, Saxon.] Of thee; belonging to thee;
relating to thee.
Whatever God did fay,
Is all thy clear and fmooth uninterrupted way. Cowley.
Th’ example of the heav’nly lark.
Thy fellow poet Cowley mark. Cowley.
Thefe are thy works, parent of good. Milton.
Thyse'lf. pronoun reciprocal, [thy andfelf~\
j. It is commonly ufed in the oblique cafes, or following the
verb.
Come high or low,
Thyfclf and office deftly fhow. Shakefp. Macbeth.
. f - It muft and fhall be fo ; content thyfelf. Shakefpeare.
2. In poetical or folenm language it is fometimes ufed in the
nominative.
Thefe goods thyfelf can on thyfelf beftow. Dryden.
Thyin’E wW. »./ A precious wood.
The merchandize of gold" and all thyine ivood are departed
from thee. Rev. xviii. 12.
Thyme, n.f [thym, Fr. thymus, Lat.] A plant.
The thyme hath a labiated flower, confifting of one leaf,
whofe upper-lip is creCI, and generally fplit in two, and the
under-lip is divided into three parts ; out of the flower-cup
arifes the pointal, accompanied by four embrios, which after¬
ward become fo many feeds, inclofed in a hulk, which be¬
fore was the flower-cup ; to thefe marks muft be added hard
ligneous ftalks, and the flowers gathered into heads. Miller.
T I C
No fnore, my goats, fhall I behold you climb
The fteepy cliffs, or crop the flow’ry thyme; Drydcti.
Ti'ar. \n.f..[tiare, Fr. tiara^ Lat J A drefs for the head;
Tia'ra. S a diadem.
His back was turn’d, but not his brightnefs hid ;
Of beaming funny rays a golden tiar
Circled his head. Milton s Par; Lojl, b. iiii
This royal robe, and this tiara wore
Old Priam, and this golden feepter bore
In full affemblies. Drydcii s JEn.
A tiar wreath’d her head with many a fold,
Her wafte was circled with a zone of gold. Pope.
Fairer fhe feem’d, diftinguilh’d from the reft;
And better mien difclos’d, as better dreft :
A bright tiara round her forehead ty’d.
To jufter bounds confin’d its riling pride. Priof,
To Tice. v. a. [from entice.] To draw ; to allure;
Lovely enchanting language, fugar-cane,
Honey of rofes, whither wilt thou flie ?
Hath lome fond lover tic d thee to thy bane ?
And wilt thou leave the church, and love a ftie ? Herbert.
Tick, n.f [This word feems contracted from ticket, a tally
on which debts are fcored.]
1. Score; truft.
If thou haft the heart to try’t.
I’ll lend thee back thyfelf awhile.
And once more for that carcafe vile
Fight upon tick. Hudibras, p. i.
When the money is got into hands that have bought all
that they have need of, whoever needs any thing elfe muft
go on tick, or barter for it. Locke.
You would fee him in the kitchen weighing the beef and
butter, paying ready money, that the maids might not run a
tick at the market. Arbuthnot's Hijl. of John Bull.
2. [Tique, Fr. teke, Dutch.] The loufe of dogs or fneep.
Would the fountain of your mind were clear again, that I
might water an afs at it ! I had rather be a tick in a iheep;
than fuch a valiant ignorance. Shakefp. Troll, and Crejfida.
3. The cafe which holds the feathers of a bed.
To Tick. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To run on fcorc.
2. To truft; to fcore.
The money went to the lawyers ; council wont tick. Arb.
Ti'cken. 1 n.f The fame with tick. A fort of ftrong
Ticking, } linen for bedding. Bailey.
Ti'cket. n.f. [etiqnet, Fr.] A token of any right or debt
upon the delivery of which admiffion is granted, or a claim
acknowledged.
There fhould be a paymafter appointed, of fpecial truft;
which fhould pay every man according to his captain’s ticket,
and the account of the clerk of his band. ' Spenfer.
In a lottery with one prize, a tingle ticket is only enriched,
and the reft are all blanks. Collier on Envy.
Let fops or fortune fly which way they will,
Difdains all lofs of tickets or coddle. Pope.
To Ti'cicle. v. a. [titillo, Lat.]
1. To affeCt with a prurient fenlation by flight touches.
Diffembling courtefy ! How fine this tyrant
Can tickle where fhe wounds. Shakefp. Cymbeline*
The mind is moved in great vehemency only by tickling
fome parts of the body. Bacon.
There is a fweetnefs in good verfe, which tickles even
while it hurts ; and no man can be heartily angry with him
who pleafes him again!! his will. Dryden.
It is a good thing to laugh at any rate; and if a ftraw can
tickle a man, it is an inftrument of happinefs. Dryden.
2. To pleafe by flight gratifications.
Dametas, that of"all manners of ftile could beft conceive
of golden eloquence, being withal tickled by Mufidorus’s
praifes, had his brain fo turned, that he became Have to that
which he that fued to be his fervant offered to give him. Sidney.
Expectation tickling fkittilh fpirits
1 Sets all on hazard. Shakefpeare,
Such a nature
Tickled with good fuccefs, difdains the lhadow
Which it treads on at noon. Shakefp. Coriplanusi.
I cannot rule my fpleen ;
My fcorn rebels, and tickles me within. Dryden**
Dunce at the beft; in ftreets but fcarce allow’d
To tickle, on thy ftraw, the ftupid crowd. \ Dryden.
A drunkard, the habitual thirft after his cups, drives to the
tavern, though he has ill his view the lofs of health, and
perhaps of the joys of another life, the leaft of which is fuch
a good as he coiifcfles is far greater than the tickling of his
palate with a glafs of wine. Locke>
To Ti'ckle. v. n. To feel titillation.
He with fecret joy therefore
Did tickle inwardly in every vein, '
And his falle heart, fraught with all treafon’s ftoie,
Was fill’d with hope, his purpofe to obtain. Spenfer.
Tt"ckve.
I
r
T I D
Ti ckle, adj. [I know not whence to deduce the ferife of this
word.] Tottering; unfixed; unftable; eafily overthrown.
When the laft O Neal began to ftand upon fome tickle
terms, this fellow, called baron of Dunganon, was fet up
to beard him. Spenfer on Ireland.
Thy head {lands fo tickle on thy (boulders, that a milk¬
maid, if (lie be in love, may figh it oft. Shakejpeare.
The ftate of Normandy
Stands on a tickle point, now they are gone. Shakefpearc.
Ti'cklish. ad], [from tickle.]
1. Scnfible to titillation ; eafily tickled.
The palm of the hand, though it hath as thin a (kin as
the other parts, yet is not ticklijh, becaufc it is accuflomed
to be touched. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 766.
2. Tottering; uncertain; unfixed.
Ireland was a ticklijh and unfettled ftate, more eafy to re¬
ceive diftempers and mutations than England was. Bacon.
Did it ftand upon fo ticklijh and tottering a foundation as
fome mens fancy hath placed it, it would be no wonder
fhould it frequently vary. Woodward's Nat. Hijl. p.\.
3. Difficult; nice.
How (hall our author hope a gentle fate,
Who dares molt impudently not tranflate;
It had been civil in thefe ticklijh times,
I o fetch his fools and knaves from foreign climes. Swift.
I Fcklishness. 7i.J. [from ticklijh.] The ftate of being ticklifli.
l icKTACK. n. f. [tridlac, Fr.] A game at tables. Bailey.
I ID. adj. [tyb'oep, Saxon.] Tender; fcft; nice.
To Ti'ddle. 7 r_ .
To Ti'dder \ v’ a‘ Ltrcm J I ° ufe tenderly ; to fondle.
i IDts. n.f. [ryu, Saxon ; tijd, Dutch and Iflandick.J
1. Time; fealon; while.
1 here they alight in hope themfclves to hide
From the fierce heat, and reft their weary limbs a tide.
Fairy Sfueen, b. i.
They two forth paffing.
Received thofe two fair brides, their love’s delight.
Which, at the appointed tide,
Each one did make his bride. Spenfer.
What hath this day deferv’d.
That it in golden letter fhould be fet.
Among the high tides in the kalendar. Shakefp. K. John.
At New-year’s tide following the king chofe him mafter of
the horfe. Wotton.
2. Alternate ebb and flow of the fea.
That motion of the water cailed tides is a rifing and falling
of the fea: the caufe of this is the attra&ion of the Moon,
whereby the part of the water in the great ocean which is
neareft the Moon, being moft ftrongly attracted, is railed
higher than the reft; and the part oppolite to it being leaft
attracted, is alfo higher than the reft; and thefe two oppofite riles of the furface of the water in the great ocean fol¬
lowing the motion of the Moon from Eaft to Weft, and
ftriking againft the large coafts of the continents, from thence
rebounds back again, and fo makes floods and ebbs in nar¬
row feas and rivers. Locke.
3. Flood.
As in the tides of people once up there want not ftirring
winds to make them more rough," fo this people did light
upon two ringleaders. Bacon's Henry VII.
4. Stream; courfe.
Thou art the ruins of the nobleft man,
That ever lived in the tide of times. Shakefpeare.
The rapid currents drive
Towards the retreating fea their furious tide. Milton.
But let not all the gold which Tagus hides,
And pays the fea in tributary tides.
Be bribe fufficient to corrupt thy breaft.
Or violate with dreams thy peaceful reft. Dryden.
Continual tide
Flows from th’ exhilarating fount. Philips.
I o 1 IDE. v. a. [from the noun.] To drive with the dream.
Their images, the relicks of the wreck.
Torn from the naked poop, are tided back
By the wild waves, and rudely thrown aifhore. Dryden.
Fo Tide. v. n. I o pour a flood ; to be agitated by the tide.
When, from his dint, the foe Hill backward (hrunk,
Wading within the Oufe, he dealt his blows,
f And fent them, rolling, to the tiding Humber. Philips.
Tx degate. n. f. [tide and gate.] A gate through which the
tme pafles into a bafon. Bailey.
i.DEr MArN* n'f' ltlde an<^ man.] A tidewaiter or cuftomiioule officer, who watches on board of merchant (hips till
the duty of goods be paid and the (hips unloaded. Bailey.
II DEW a ITER n.J. [tide and wait.] An officer who watches
the landing of goods at the cuftomhoufe.
Employments will be in the hands of Engliftunen ; nothing
left for Inlhmen but vicarages and tidewaters places. Swift
Ti'dily. adv. [from tidy.] Neatly; readily.
TFdiNESS. n.J [from tidy.] Neatnefs; readinefs.
T i E
IYdIngs. n.J. [riban, Saxon, to happen, to betide; tidende,
Iflandick.] News; an account of fomething that has hap¬
pened.
When her eyes (lie on the dwarf had fet,
And faw the figns that deadly tidings fpakc,
She fell to ground for forrowful regret. Fairy 1. j.
I (hall make my mailer glad With thefe tidings. Shakefp.
. They win
Great numbers of each nation to receive,
With joy, the-tidings brought from heav’n. Milton
Fortius, thy looks fpeak fomewhat of importance :
What tidings doft thou bring? methinks I fee
Unufual gladnefs fparkliog-in thy eyes. Addifon.
The mefiengcf-of thefe glad [tidings, by whom this cove¬
nant^ mercy was proppfed artd ratified, was the eternal fon
of his bofom. , : Ropers's Sermons.
TI'DY. adj. [tick, Iflandick.J
1. Seafonable. •’
If weather be faire and tidie, thy grain
Make fpeedilie-carriage, for feare of a raine. Tuffer.
2. Neat; ready. .. .’ '
Whenever by yon bafley-mow I pafs.
Before my eyes will trip thc.tidy lafs. Gay's Pajl.
3. It feems to be here put by.miftake for untidy.
Fhou whorfon tidy Bartholomew boar pig, when wilt thou
leave fighting. Shakefp. Henry IV.
To I ie. v. a. [tian, zrypn, Saxon.]
1. To bind; to fallen with a knot.
lie the Icine to the cart, and bring their calves home from
them. j Sam. vi. 7.
I houfands of men and women, tied together in chains,
were, by the cruel Turks, enforced to run as faft as their
horfes. _ _ 'Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
2. To knit; to complicate.
We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle the
argument; but the harder it is tied, we (hall feel the pleafure
more fenfibly when we come to loofe it. Burnet.
3. 'Fo hold ; to faften.
In bond of virtuous love together tied.
Together ferv’d they, and together died. Fairfax.
The intermediate ideas tie the extremes fo firmly together,
and the probability is fo clear, that aftent r.eceftarily follows
** ' . Locke.
Certain theorems refolve propofitions which depend on
them, and are as firmly made out from thence, as if the
mind went afrefh over every link of the whole chain that
tics them to firft felf-evident principles. Locke.
4. 1 o hinder ; to obftrudd.
Death that hath ta’n her hence to make me wail.
Ties up my tongue and will notJet me fpeak. Shakef.
Melantius (lay,
You have my promife, and my hafty word
Reftrains my tongue, but ties not up my fword. Waller.
Honour and good-nature may tie up his hands ; but as
thefe would be very much ftrenglhened by reafon and principle, fo without them they are only inftindds. Addifon.
5. i o oblige ; to conftrain ; to reftrain ; to confine.
Although they profefs they agree with us touching a prefeript form of prayer to be ufed in the church, they have de¬
clared that it (hail not be prescribed as a tiling whereunto
they will tie their minifters. Hooker, b. v.
It is the cowifh terrour of his fpirit.
That dares not undertake ; he’ll not feel wrongs
Which tie him to an anfwer. Shakefp. King Lear.
Cannot God make any of the appropriate adds of worfhip
to become due only to himfelf ? cannot he tie us to perform
them to him. Stillingfleet.
1 hey tie themfelves fo (Jriddly to unity of place, that you
never fee in any of their plays a feene change in the middle
of an add. Dryden%
Not tied to rules of policy, you find
Revenge lefs fweet than a forgiving mind. Dryden.
No one feems lefs tied up to a form of words. Locke.
ft he mind (hould, by feveral rules, be tied down to this, at
firft,^ uneafy talk ; ufe will give it facility. Locke.
They have no uneafy expeditions of what is to come*
but are ever tied down to the prefent moment. Attcrbury.
A healthy man ought not to tie himfelf up to (dried rules,
nor to abftain from any fort of food in common ufe. Arbuth.
6. It may be obferved ot tic, that it has often the particles up
and down joined to it, which arc, for the moft part, little
more than emphatical.
Tie. n.J. [from the verb.]
1. Knot; fattening.
2. Bond; obligation.
The rebels that had fhaken of}' the great yoke of obe¬
dience, had likewife caft away the Idler tie of refpedd. Bacon.
No foreft, cave, or lavage den.
Holds more pernicious bealds than men ;
Vows, oaths, and contradds, they devile,
And tell us they are facred ties. Waller.
’Tis
T I L T I L
*Tis not the coarfer tie of human law
That binds their peace, but harmony itfclf
Attuning all their paffions into love. Thomfon's Spring*
Tier, n.f [tiers, tieire, old Fr. tuyer, Dutch.] A row; a
rank.
Fornovius, in his choler, difeharged a tier of great ord¬
nance amongft the thickeft of them. Kiiolles.
Tierce, n.f. [tiers, tiercier, hr.] A veflel holding the third
part of a pipe.
Go now deny his tierce. Benj. Johnfan.
Wit, like tierce claret, when’t begins to pall,
Ncglcdled lies, and’s of no ufe at all;
But in its full perfection of decay
Turns vinegar, and comes agaih in play. Dorfct.
Ti'ercet. n.f. [from tiers, Fr.J A triplet; three lines.
Tiff, n.f [A low word, I fuppofe without etymology.]
1. Liquor; drink.
I, whom griping penury furrounds.
And hunger, fure attendant upon want.
With fcanty offals, and fmall acid tiff.
Wretched repall ! my meagre corps fuflain. Phillips.
2. A fit of peevilhnefs or fullennefs ; a pet.
To Tiff. v. n. To be in q pet; to quarrel. A low word.
Ti'ffany. n.f. [tiffer, to drefs up, old Fr. Skinner.] Very
thin filk.
The fmoak of fulphur will not black a paper, and fs com¬
monly ufed by women to whiten tiffanies. Brown.
Tige. n.f. [in architecture.] The ihaft of a column from the
aftragal to the capital. Bailey.
Ti'ger. n.f. [tigre, Fr. tigris, Latin.] A fierce beaft of the
leonine kind.
When the blaft of war blows in your ear,
Then imitate the action of the tiger:
Stiffen the finews, fummon up the blood. Shakefp. H. V.
Approach thou like the rugged Ruffian bear,
The arm’d rhinoceros, or Hyrcanian tiger ;
Take any lhape but that, and my firm nerves
Shall never tremble. Shakefp. Macbeth.
This tiger-footed rage, when it (hall find
The harm of unfkain’d fwiftnefs will, too late,
Tie leaden pounds to’s heels. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Tigris, in the medals of Trajan, is drawn like an old
man, and by his fide a tiger. Peachatn on Drawing.
Has the fteer.
At whofe ffrong cheft the deadly tiger hangs,
E’er plow’d for him. Thomfon's Spring.
Tight, adj. [dicht, Dutch.]
1. Tenfe ; clofe ; not loofe.
If the centre holes be not very deep, and the pikes fill
them not very tight, the ftrength of the firing will alter the
centre holes. Moxons Mech. Exercife.
I do not like this running knot, it holds too tight; I may
be flified all of a fudden. Arbuthnot's Hift. off. Bull.
Every joint was well grooved ; and the door did not move
on hinges, but up and down like a fafli, which kept my clofet
fo tight that very little water came in. Gulliver’s Travels.
2. Free from fluttering rags ; lefs than neat.
A tight maid ere he for wine can alk,
Gueffes his meaning and unoils the flafk. Dryden s Juv.
The girl was a tight clever wench as any. Arbuthnot.
O Thomas, I’ll make a loving wife ;
I’ll fpin and card, and keep our children tight. Gay.
Drefl her again genteel and neat.
And rather tight than great. Swift.
To Ti'chten. v. a. [from tight.] To flraiten ; to make clofe.
Ti'ghter. n.f. [from tighten.] A ribband or firing by which
women flraiten their cloaths.
Ti'ghtly. adv. [from tight.]
1. Clofely ; not loofely.
2. Neatly; not idly.
Hold, firrah, bear you thefe letters tightly ;
Sail, like my pinnace, to thefe golden lhores. Shakcfpenrc.
Handle your pruning-knife with dexterity: tightly, I fay,
go tightly to your bufinefs; you have cofl me much. Dryden.
Tightness, n.f. [from tight.] Clofenefs; not loofenefs.
The bones are inflexible, which arifes from the greatnefs
of the number of corpufcles that compofe them, and the
firmnefs and tightnefs of their union. Woodward on Foffils.
Ti'gress. n.f. [from tiger.] 'The female of the tiger.
It is reported of the tigrefs, that feveral fpots rife in her
fkin when fhe is angry. Addifon's Sped. N . 8i.
Tike. n.f. [tik, Swedifh; teke, Dutch; tique, Fr.]
1. The loufe of dogs or fhcep. See Tick.
Lice and tikes are bred by the fweat clofe kept, and fomewhat arefied by the hair. Bacons Nat. Hijl. N°. 696.
2. It is in Shakejpeare the name of a dog, in which fenfe it is
ufed in Scotland, [from tiji, Runick, a little dog.]
Avaunt, you curs!
Hound or fpaniel, brache or hym,
Or bobtail tike, or trundle tail. Shakefp. K. Lear.
TILE, n.f [tigle, Saxcn; tegel, Dutch; tuile, Fr. tegold.
Italian.] Thin plates of baked clay ufed to cover houfes.
'Fhe roof is all tile, or lead, or flone. Bacon's Nat. Hift*
Earth turned into brick ferveth for building as flone doth ;
and the like of tile. Bacon's Phyfical Remains.
In at the window he climbs, or o’er the tiles. Milton<
Worfe than all the clatt’ring tiles$ and worfe
Than thoufand padders was the poet s curfe. Dryden*
Tile pins made of oak or fir they drive into holes made
in the plain tiles, to hang them upon their lathing. Moxon.
To Tile. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover with tiles.
Mofs groweth chiefly upon ridges of houfeS tiled or thatch*
cd. Bacon's Nat. UijL N°. 537.
Sonnets or elegies to Chloris
Might raife a houfe above two flories;
A lyrick ode wou’d flate ; a catch
Wou’d tile, an epigram wou’d thatch. Swift's Miffel.
2. To cover as tiles.
The rafters of my body, bone,
Being Hill with you, the mufcle, finew and vein,
Which tile this houfe, will come again. Donne.
Ti'ler. n.f. [tuilier, Fr. from tile*] One whofe trade is to
cover houfes with tiles.
A Flemifh tiler, falling from the top of a houfe upon a
Spaniard, killed him; the next of the blood profecuted his
death ; and when he was offered pecuniary recompence, no¬
thing would ferve him but lex talionis: whereupon the judge
faid to him* he fhould go up to the top of the houfe, and
then fall down upon the tiler. Bacon's Apophih.
Ti'ling. n. f. [from tile.] The roof covered with tiles.
They went upon the houfe-top, and let him down through
the tiling with his couch before Jefus. Luke v. 19.
Till. n. f. A money box.
They break up counters, doors and tills.
And leave the empty chefls in view. Swift.
Till. prep, [til, Saxon.] To the time of.
Unhappy flave, and pupil to a bell,
LTnhappy till the lafl, the kind releafing knell. Cowley.
Till now. To the prefent time.
Pleafure not known till now. Milton.
Till then. To that time.
The earth till then was defert, Milton.
Till. conjunction»
1. To the time.
Wood and rocks had ears
To rapture, till the favage clamour drown’d
Both harp and voice. Milton.
The unity of place we neither find in Ariflotle, Horace,
or any who have written of it, till in our age the French
poets firft made it a precept of the flage. Dryden.
2. To the degree that.
Meditate fo long till you make fome a& of prayer to God,
or glorification of him. Taylor.
Goddefs, fpread thy reign till Ifis elders reel. Pope.
To Till. v. a. [tyhan, Saxon; tenlen, Dutch.] To culti¬
vate ; to hulband : commonly ufed of the hufbandry of the
plow.
This paradife I give thee, count it thine.
To till, and keep, and of the fruit to eat. Milton.
Send him from the garden forth, to till
The ground whence he was taken. Milton s Par. Lojl.
Tillable, adj. [from till.] Arable; fit for the plow.
The tillable fields are fo hilly, that the oxen can hardly
take fure footing. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
Ti'llage. n.f. [from till.] Hufbandry ; the ad or practice of
plowing or culture.
Tillage will enable the kingdom for corn for the natives,
and to fpare for exportation. Bacon.
A fweaty reaper from his tillage brought
Firft-fruits, the green ear, and the yellow iheaf. Milton.
Incite them to improve the tillage of their country, to re¬
cover the bad foil, and to remedy the walle. Milton.
Bid the laborious hind,
Whofe harden’d hands did long in tillage toil.
Neglect the promis’d harvell of the foil. Dryden.
That there was tillage Mofes intimates ; but whether be¬
llowed on all, or only upon fome parts of that earth, as alfo
what fort of tillage that was, is not expreffed. Woodward.
Ti'ller. n.f. [from till.]
1. Hufbandman ; ploughman.
They bring in fea-fand partly after their nearnefs to the
places, and partly by the good hufbandry of the tiller. Carew.
Abel was a keeper of fheep, but Cain was a tiller of the
ground. Gen. iv. 2,
The worm that gnaws the ripening fruit, fad guell!
Canker or loculi hurtful to infell
The blade ; while hulks elude the tiller's care,
And eminence of want diftinguilh.es the year. Prior.
2. A till; a fmall drawer.
Search her cabinet, and thou lhalt find
Each tiller there with love epiflles lin’d.
26 N
Dryden's Juv.
Tl'tMAN,
T I L T I M
TYllyfaLLy. } adj. [A word ufed formerly when anything
>TYllyvalley. } faid was rejected as trifling or impertinent.
Am not I confanguinious ? am not I of her blood ? tittyvalley lady. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Tillyfatty, fir John, never tell me; your ancient fwaggerer
comes not in my doors. Shakefp. Henry IV. p. ii*
Ti'lman. n.f [till and man.] One who tills ; an hufbandman.
Good fhcpherd, good tilman, good Jack and good Gil,
Makes hufband and hufwife their coffers to fil. Tnjffer.
TILT, n.f [rylb, Saxon.]
Iv A tent; any covering over head.
The roof of linnen
Intended for a fhelter !
But the rain made an afs
Of tilt and canvas,
And the fnow which you know is a meltcr. Denham.
2. The cover of a boat.
It is a fmall veffel, like in proportion to a Gravefend tiltboat. Sandys.
The rowing crew.
To tempt a fare, clothe all their tilts in blue. Gay.
3. A military game at which the combatants run againff each
other with lances on horfeback.
His ftudy is his tilt-yard, and his loves
Are brazen images of canonized faints. Shakefp. Henry IV.
He talks as familiarly of John of Gaunt, as if he had
been fworn brother to him ; and he never faw him but once
in the r//r-yard, and then he broke his head. Shak. H. IV.
Images reprefenting the forms of Hercules, Apollo, and
Diana, he placed in the tilt-yard at Conftantinople. Knolles.
The fpoufals of Hippolite the queen.
What tilts and tourneys at the feaft were feen. Dryden.
In tilts and tournaments the valiant ftrove.
By glorious deeds to purchafe Emma’s love. Prior.
4. A thruff.
His majefty feldom difmiffed the foreigner till he had en¬
tertained him with the daughter of two or three of his liege
fubjedts, whom he very dextroufly put to death with the tilt
of his lance. Addifon s Freeholder, N°. 10.
To Tilt. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To cover like a tilt of a boat.
2. To carry as in tilts or tournaments.
Ajax interpos’d
His fevenfold fhield, and fereen’d Laertes’ fon,
When the infulting Trojans urg’d him fore
With tilted fpears. Philips.
3. To point as in tilts.
Now horrid flaughter reigns.
Sons againff fathers tilt the fatal lance,
Carelefs of duty, and their native grounds
Diftain with kindred blood. Philips.
4. [Tillen, Dutch.] To turn up fo as to run out.
To Tilt. v. n.
1. To run in tilts.
To deferibe races and games.
Or tilting furniture, emblazon’d fhields. Milton.
2. To fight with rapiers.
Friends all but even now; and then, but now—
Swords out and tilting one at other’s breaffs.
In oppofition bloody. Shakefp. Othello.
Scow’ring the watch grows out of fafhion wit:
Now we fet up for tilting in the pit,
Where ’tis agreed by bullies, chicken-hearted.
To fright the ladies firft, and then be parted. Dryden.
It is not yet the fafhion for women of quality to tilt. Cottier.
Satire’s my weapon, but I’m too difereet
To run a muck, and tilt at all I meet j *
I only wear it in a land of Hedlors. Pope.
3. To rufh as in combat.
Some fay the fpirits tilt fo violently, that they make holes
where they ftrilce. Collier.
4. To play unffeadily.
The floating veffel fwam
Uplifted ; and fecurc with beaked prow
Rode tilting o’er the waves. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xi.
The fleet fwift tilting o’er the furges flew.
Till Grecian cliffs appear’d. Pope's Odyffey.
5. To fall on one fide.
As the trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by
the muffles of the back, fo from falling backward by thole
of the belly. Grew's Cofmol. b. i.
Ti'lter. n.f. [from tilt.] One who tilts; one who fights.
A puifny titter, that fpurs his horfe on one fide, breaks his
ffaft like a noble gooff. Shakefp. As you like it.
He,us’d the only antique philters,
Dcriv d from old heroick titters. Hudibras, p. iii.
If war you chuff, and blood muff needs be fpilt here,
Let me alone to match your titter. Granville.
Tilth, n.f. [from till.] Hufbandry; culture.
Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none;
No uff of metal, corn, or wine, or oil. Shakefp. Temp-eft.
Her plenteous womb
Expreffeth its full tilth and hufbandry. Shakefpeare.
TiLth. adj. [from////:] Arable; tilled.
He beheld a field.
Part arable and tilth ; whereon were fhcaves
New reap’d. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xi.
Ti'mber. n.f. [rymbjuan, Saxon, to build.]
1. Wood fit for building.
I learn’d of lighter timber cotes to frame,
Such as might fave my fheep and me from fhame. Spenfer.
For the body of the fliips no nation doth equal England
for the oaken timber wherewith to build them ; but there
muff be a great providence ufed, that our fhip timber be not
unneceffarily waffed. Bacon s Advice to Villicrs.
The ftraw was laid below,
Of chips and fere wood was the ffcond row;
The third of greens, and timber newly fell’d. Dryden.
There are hardly any countries that are deftitute of timber
of their own growth. Woodward.
Upon thefe walls they plant quick and timber trees, which
thrive exceedingly. Mortimer's Hufoandry.
Who fet the twigs, {hall he remember,
That is in hafte to fell the timber ?
And what fhall of thy woods remain.
Except the box that threw the main l Prior.
2. The main trunk of a tree.
We take
From every tree, lop, bark, and part o’ th'timber.
And though we leave it with a root thus hackt.
The air will drinlc the fap. Shakefpeare.
3. The main beams of a fabrick:
4. Materials ironically.
Such difpofitions are the very errors of human nature, and
yet they are the fitted: timber to make politicks of, like to
knee timber, that is good for fliips to be toifed, but not for
houfes that fhall ftand firm. Bacon.
To Ti'mber. v. n. [from the noun.] To light on a tree. A
cant word.
The one took up in a thicket of brufh-wood, and the other
timbered upon a tree hard by. L'Eftrange's Fables.
To Ti'mber. v. a. To furriifh with beams or timber.
Timbered, adj. [from timber; timbre, Fr.J Built; formed;
contrived.
He left the fucceffion to his ffcond fon; not becauff he
thought him the beft timbered to fupport it. Wotton.
Many heads that undertake learning were never fquared
nor timbered for it. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
Ti'mbersow. n.f. A worm in wood.
Divers creatures, though they be fomewhat loathfome to
take, are of this kind; as earth worms, timberfows, fnails.
Bacon s Nat. Hijl. N°. 692.
Ti'mbrel. n.f. [;timbre, Fr. tyinpanum, Latin.] A kind of
mufical inftrument played by pulfation.
The damfels they delight.
When they their timbrels Imite,
And thereunto dance and carrol fweet. Spenfer's Epithah
In their hands fweet timbrels all upheld on hight. Fa. Af
Praiff with timbrels, organs, flutes ;
praife with violins and lutes. Sandys's Paraph.
For her through Egypt’s fruitful clime renown’d.
Let weeping Nilus hear the timbrel found. Pope's Statius.
TIME, n.f [tima, Saxon; tym, Erff.]
1. The meafure of duration.
This confideration of duration, as fet out by certain pe¬
riods, and marked by certain meafures or epochas, is that
which moft properly we call time. Locke.
Time is like a fafhionable hoff.
That flightly fhakes his parting giieft by th’ hand.
But with his arms out-ftretch’d, as he Would fly,
Grafps the incomer. Shakefo. Troilus and Crejfida.
Come what come may,
Time and the hour runs through the rougbeft day. Shakefp.
Nor will polifhed amber, although it fend forth a grofs exhalement, be found a long time defective upon the exadteft
feale. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
Time, which confifteth of parts, can be no part of infinite
duration, or of eternity; for then there would be infinite
time paft to day, which to morrow will be more than infinite.
Time is therefore one thing, and infinite duration is another.
Grew's Cofmol. b. i.
2. Space of time.
Daniel defined that he would give him time, and that he
would fhew him the interpretation. Dan. ii. 16.
He for the time remain’d rtupidly good. Milton.
No time is allowed for digrefilons. Swift.
3. Interval.
Pomanders, and knots of powders, you may haie conti¬
nually in your hand ; whereas perfumes you can take but at
times* Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 929.
4. Seafon ; proper time.
To every thing there is a feafon, and a time to every purEccluJ. iii. I.
8 They
pole.
8
T I M
They were cut down out of time, whofe foundation wa3
overflown with a flood. Job xxii. 16.
He found nothing but leaves on it; for the time of figs was
T I M
not yet. Mar. xi. 13.
Knowing the time, that it is high time to awake out of
fleep. Rom. xiii. 11.
Short were her marriage joys; for in the prime
Of youth her lord expir'd before his time. Dryden.
I hope I come in time, if not to make.
At lead, to fave your fortune and your honour:
Take heed you deer your veffel right. Dryden.
The time will come when we fhall be forced to bring our
evil ways to remembrance, and then coniideration will do us
little good. Calamy s Sennons.
5. A confiderable fpace of duration; continuance ; procel's of
time.
Fight under him, there’s plunder to be had ;
A captain is a very gainful trade :
And when in fervice your bed days are fpent,
In time you may command a regiment. Dryden s Juvenal.
In time the mind reflects on its own operations about the
ideas got by fenfation, and thereby dores itfelf with a new
let of ideas, ideas of reflection. Locke.
One imagines, that the terredrial matter which is fhowered down along with rain enlarges the bulk of the earth, and
that it will in time bury all things under-ground. Woodward.
I have refolved to take time, and, in lbite of all misfor¬
tunes, to write you, at intervals, a long letter. Swift.
6. Age ; particular part of time.
When that company died, what time the fire devoured two
hundred and fifty men. Nam. xxvi. 10.
They fhall be given into his hand until a time and times.
Dan. vii. 25.
If we fhould impute the heat of the feafon unto the co¬
operation of any dars with the fun, it feenis more favourable
for our times to aicribe the fame unto the condellation of
leo. Brown s Vulgar Errours, b. iv.
The way to pleafe being to imitate nature, the poets and
the painters, in ancient times, and-in the bed ages, have dudied her. Dryden’s Dttfrefnoy.
*]. Pad time.
I was the man in th’ moon when time was. Sbakefpeare.
S. Early time.
Stanley at Bofworth field, though he came time enough to
fave his life, yet he daid long enough to endanger it. Bacon.
If they acknowledge repentance and a more drift obe¬
dience to be one time or other neceffary, they imagine it is
time enough yet to fet about thefe duties. Rogers.
9. Time confidered as affording opportunity.
The earl lod no time, but marched day and night. Clarend.
He continued his delights till all the enemies horfe were
paffed through his quarters; nor did then purfue them in any
time. Clarendon, b. viii.
Time is loft, which never will renew.
While we too far the pleafing path purfue.
Surveying nature. Dryden’s Virgil.
10. Particular quality of the prefent.
Comets, importing change of times and dates,
Brandifh your cryftal treffes in the fky. Shakejpeare.
All the prophets in their age, the times
Of great Mefliah fing. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b. xii.
If any reply, that the times and manners of men will not
bear fuch a praftice, that is an anfwer from the mouth of a
profefled time-ferver. South’s Sermons.
11. Particular time.
Give order, that no fort of perfon
Have, any time, recourfe unto the princes. Shakejpeare.
The word on me mud Jisrht, when time fhall be. Milt.
A time will come when my msturer mule.
In Caefar’s wars a nobler theme fhall chufe. Dryden.
Thefe refervoirs of fnow they cut, diftributing them to feveral fhops, that from time to time fupply Naples. Addifon.
12. Hour of childbirth.
She intended to day till delivered; for fhe was within one
month of her time. Clarendon.
The fird time I faw a lady dreffed in one of thefe petti¬
coats, I blamed her for walking abroad when die was fo near
her time; but focn I found all the medifh part of the fex as
far gone as herfelf. Addifon’s Speft. N°. 127.
13. Repetition of any thing, or mention with reference to re¬
petition.
Four times he crofs’d the car of night. Milton.
Every fingle particle would have a fphere of void fpace
around it many hundred thoufand million million times bigger
than the dimenfions of that particle. Bentley.
Lord Oxford I have now the third time mentioned in this
letter expefts you. Swift,
14. Mufical meafure.
Mufick do I hear!
Ha, ha ! keep time. How four fweet mufick is
When tone is broke and no proportion kept. Shakejpeare,
You by the help of tune arid time
Can make that fong which was but rime. tValle'r,
On their exalted wings
To the cceleflial orbs they climb,
And with th’ harmonious fpheres keep time. Denham,
Heroes who o’ercome, or die.
Have their hearts hung extremely high;
The firings of which in battle’s heat
Againd their very corflets beat;
Keep time with their own trumpet’s meafure.
And yield them mod exceflive pleafure. Prior.
To 7'ime. v. a. [from the noun.l
1. To adapt to the time ; to bring or do at a proper time.
There is no greater wifdom than well to time the begin¬
nings and onfets of things. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
The timing of things is a main point in the difpatch of all
affairs. L’Ejlrange.
This ’tis to have a virtue out of feafon.
Mercy is good, but kings mifiake its timing. Dryden.
A man’s conviction fhould be drong, and fo well timed,
that worldly advantages may feem to have no fliare in it. Add.
2. To regulate as to time.
To the fame purpofe old Epopeus fpoke.
Who overlook’d the oars, and tim’d the droke. Addifon.
3. To meafure harmonically.
He was a thing of blood, whofe every motion
Was tim’d with dying cries. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Ti'meful. adj. [time andfull.'] Seafonable; timely; early.
If this arch-politician find in his pupils any remorfe, any
feeling of God’s future judgments, he perfuades them thafi
God hath fo great need of mens fouls, that he will accept
them at any time, and upon any condition; interrupting, by
his vigilant endeavours, all offer of timeful return towards
God. Raleigh’s Hijl. of the World, b, i.
Ti'meless. adj. [from time.]
1. Unfeafonable ; done at an improper time.
' Nor fits it to prolong the heav’niy feaft
Timelefs, indecent, but retire to reft. Pope’s Odyffey.
2. Untimely; immature ;* done before the proper time.
A pack of forrows, which would prefs you down.
If unprevented, to your timelefs grave. Sbakefpeare.
Noble Glofter’s death.
Who wrought it with the king, and who perform’d
The bloody office of his timelefs end. Shakefp. Rich. II.
Ti'mely. adj. [from time.] Seafonable ; fufficiently early.
The Weft glimmers with fome ftreaks of day,
Now fpurs the lated traveller apace
To gain the timely inn. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Happy were I in my timely death ;
Could all my travel's warrant me they live. Sbakefpeare.
Led heat fhould hinder us, his timely care
Hath unbefought provided. Milton.
I’ll to my charge,
And fhow my duty by my timely care. Dryden:
Ti'mely. adv. [from time.] Early; foon.
The beds i’ th’ Ead are foft, and thanks to you,
That call’d me timelier than my purpofe hither. Shakefp.
Sent to forewarn
Us timely of what elfe might be our lofs. Milton.
Thnely advis’d, the coming evil fhun ;
Better not do the deed, than weep it done. Prior.
Ti'mepleaser. n. f. [time and pleafe.] One who complies
with prevailing notions whatever they be.
Scandal, the fuppliants for the people, call them
Timcpleafers, flatterers, foes to noblenefs. Sbakefpeare.
Timeserving, adj. [time and.ferve.] Meanly complying with
prefent power.
If fuch by trimming and timeferving, which are but two
words for the fame thing, abandon the church of England ;
this will produce confufion. South’s Sermons.
TIMID, adj. [timicle, Fr. timidus, Lat.] Fearful; timorous;
wanting courage; wanting boldnefs.
Poor is the triumph o’er the timid hare. Tbcmfon.
Timi'dity. n.f [timidite, Fr. timiditas, Latin ; from timid.]
Fearfulnefs; timoroufnefs ; habitual cowardice.
The hare figured pufillanimity and timidity from its tem¬
per. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Ti'morous. adj. [timor, Latin.] Fearful; full of fear and
ftruple.
Prepoffcffed heads will ever doubt it, and timorous beliefs
will never dare to try it. Brown s Vulgar Err. b. ii.
The infant flame’s, whild yet they were conceal’d
In timrous doubts, with pity I beheld;
With caly fmiles difpell’d the filent fear*
That durd not tell me what I dy’d to hear. Prior.
Timorously, adv. [from timorous.] Fearfully,; with much
fear.
We would have had you heard
The traitor lpcak, and tim’roufy confefs
The manner and the purpofe of his treafons. Sbakefpeare.
Though
T I N T I N
Though they had ideas enough to diftinguifh gold from a
ftone, and metal from wood, yet they but timoroufly ventured
on fuch terms which fhould pretend to lignify their real
efTences, Locke.
Let daftard fouls be timoroufly wife:
But tell them, Pyrrhus knows not how to form
Far-fancy’d ills, and dangers out of fight. A. Phillips.
Ti'morousness. n.f [from timorous.'] bearfulnefs.
The clergy, through the timoroufnefs of many among them,
were refufed to be heard by their council. 6wft.
Ti'MOUS. adj. [from timed] Early; timely; not innate.
By a wife and timous inquifition, the peccant humours and
humourifts muft be difeovered, purged, or cut off. Bacon.
TIN. n.f. [ten, Dutch.]
I.One of the primitive metals called by the chemifts jupiter.
Quickfilver, lead, iron, and tin, have opacity or blacknefs. Peacham on Blazoning„
Lin ore fometimes holds about one-fixth of tin. Woodward.
2.Thin plates of iron covered with tin.
To Tin. v. a. [from the noun.] To cover with tin.
To keep the earth from getting into the veffel, he employ¬
ed a plate of iron tinned over and perforated. Boyle.
The cover may be tinned over only by nailing of fingle tin
plates over it. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
New tinning a faucepan is chargeable. Swift.
Ti'ncal. n. f. A mineral.
The tincal of the Perfians feems to be the chryfocolla of
the ancients, and what our borax is made of. Woodward.
To Tinct. v. a. [tindlus, Lat. teint, Fr.]
1. To ftain ; to colour; to fpot; to die.
Some bodies have a more departible nature than others in
colouration; for a fmall quantity of faffron will tindi more
than a very great quantity of wine. Bacon.
Some were tindied blue, fome red, others yellow. Brown.
I diflilled fome of the tinned liquor, and all that came
over was as limpid as rock water. Boyle.
Thofe who have preferved an innocence, would not fuller
the whiter parts of their foul to be difcoloured or tindied by
the reflection of one fin! Decay of Piety.
2. To imbue with a tafte.
We have artificial wells made in imitation of the natural,
as tindied upon vitriol, fulphur, and fteel. Bacon.
Tinct. n.f. [from the verb.] Colour; ftain; fpot.
That great med’eine hath
With his tindi gilded thee. Shakefpeare.
Of evening tindi
The purple ftreaming amethyft is thine. Thomfon.
The firft feent of a veffel lafts, and the tindi the wool firft
appears of. Ben}. Johnfon.
Ti'ncture. n: f. [teinture, Fr. tindiura from tindlus, Lat.]
I. Colour or tafte fuperadded by fomething.
The fight muft be fweetly deceived by an infenfible paffage from bright colours to dimmer, which Italian artizans
call the middle tindiures. Wottons Architediure.
Hence the morning planet gilds her horn.
By tindiure or refledlion they augment
Their fmall peculiar. Milton.
JTis the fate of princes that no knowledge
Come pure to them, but pafling through the eyes
And ears of other men, it takes a tindiure
From every channel.
That beloved thing engrofles him, and, like a
Denham.
coloured
o-lafs before his eyes, cafts its own colour and tindiure upon
all the images of things. South.
To begin the pradlice of an art with a light tindiure of the
rules, is to expofe ourfelves to the fcorn of thofe who are
judges. Dryden.
Malignant tempers, whatever kind of life they are en¬
gaged in, will difeover their natural tindiure of mind. Addif.
Few in the next generation who will not write and read,
and have an early tindiure of religion. Addifon.
Sire of her joy and lource of her delight; h
O! wing’d with pleafure take thy happy flight,*" >
And give each future morn a tindiure of thy white. Prior. )
All manners take a tindiure from our own.
Or come difcolour’d through our paflions fhown. Pope.
Have a care left fome darling fcience fo far prevail over
your mind, as to give a fovereign tindiure to all your other
ftudies, and difcolour all your ideas. Watts.
2. Extradf of fome drug made in fpirits; an infufion.
In tindiures drawn from vegetables, the fuperfluous fpirit of
wine diftilled off leaves the extradf of the vegetable. Boyle.
To Ti'ncture. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To imbue or impregnate with fome colour or tafte.
The bright fun compadts the precious ftonc,
Imparting radiant luftre like his own :
He tindiures rubies with their rofy hue.
And on the faphire fpreads a heavenly blue. Blackmore.
A little black paint will tindiure and fpoil twenty gay co¬
lours. Watts.
2. To imbue the mind.
Early Were our minds tindlurcd with a diftinguifhing fenfe
of good and evil ; early were the feeds of a divine love, and
holy fear of offending, fown in our hearts. Attcrbury.
To Tind. v. a. [tendgan, Gothick; tenfcan, Saxon.] To
kindle ; to fet on fire.
Ti'nder. n.f. [tyn&p.e, renbpe, Saxon.] Any thing eminently
inflammable placed to catch fire.
Strike on the tinder ho !
Give me a taper. Shakefp. Othello.
To thefe fhamelefs paftimes were their youth admitted,
thereby adding, as it were, fire to tinder. Hukeivill.
Where fparks and fire do meet with tinder,
Thofe fparks more fire will (till engender. Suckling.
Whoever our trading with England would hinder.
To inflame both the nations do plainly confpire;
Becaufe Irifh linen v/ill loon turn to tinder.
And wool it is greafy, and quickly takes fire. Swift.
Ti'nderbox. n.f. [tinder and box.] The box for holding tin¬
der.
That worthy patriot, once the bellows,
And tinderbox of all his fellows. Hudibras, p. in.
He might even as well have employed his time in catching
moles, making lanterns and tinderboxes. Atterbury s Sermons.
Tine. n.f. [tinne, Iflandick.]
1. The tooth of a harrow ; the fpike of a fork.
In the fouthern parts of England they deftroy moles by
traps that fall on them, and ftrike fharp tines or teeth through
them. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
2. Trouble; diftrefs.
The root whereof, and tragical effedt,
Vouchfafe, O thou the mournful’ft mufe of nine.
That wont’ft the tragick ftage for to diredt.
In funeral complaints and wailful tine. Spenfers Muipotmos.
To Tine. v. a. [tynan, Saxon.]
1. To kindle ; to light; to fet on fire.
Strifeful Atin in their ftubborn mind
Coals of contention and hot vengeance tid’d. Fa. Lfu.
The clouds
Juftling or pufh’d with winds, rude in their fnock,
Tine the flant light’ning ; whofe thwart flame driv’n down.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir. Milton.
The prieft with holy hands was feen to tine
The cloven wood, and pour the ruddy wine. Dryden.
2. [nnan, Saxon, tojhut.] To fhut.
To Tine. v. n.
1. To rage; to fmart. Spenfer.
2. To fight.
Eden ftain’d with blood of many a band
Of Scots and Englifti both, that tined on his ftrand. Spenf.
To Tinge, v. a. [tingo, Lat.] To impregnate or imbue with
a colour or tafte.
Sir Roger is fomething of an humourift; and his virtues as
well as imperfections are tinged by a certain extravagance,
which makes them particularly his. ' Addifon’s Spedl.
A red powder mixed with a little blue, or a blue with a
little red, doth not prefently lole its colour; but a white pow¬
der mixed with any colour is prefently tinged with that co¬
lour, and is equally capable of being tinged with any colour
whatever. Newton’s Opticks.
If the eye be tinged with any colour, as in the jaundice,
fo as to tinge pidtures in the bottom of the eye with that co¬
lour, all objedts appear tinged with the fame colour. Newton.
Still lays fome ufeful bile afide.
To tinge the chyle’s infipid tide;
Elfe we fhould want both gibe and fatire.
And all be burft with pure good-nature. Prior.
The infufions of rhubarb and faffron tinge the urine with
a high yellow. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Ti'ngent. adj. [tingens, Lat.] Having the power to tinge.
This wood, by the tindiure it afforded, appeared to have
its coloured part genuine; but as for the white part, it ap¬
pears much lefs enriched with the tingent property. Boyle.
Ti'nglass. n.f [tin and glafs.] Bifmuth.
To Ti'ngle. v.n. [tingelen, Dutch.]
1. To feel a found, or the continuance of a found, in the ears.
This is perhaps rather tinkle.
When our ear tingleth, we ufually fay that fomebody is
talking of us ; which is an ancient conceit. Brown.
2. To feel a fharp quick pain with a fenfation of motion.
The pale boy fenator yet tingling ftands. Pope.
3. To feel either pain or plealurc with a fenfation of motion.
The fenfe of this word is not very well alcertained.
They fuck pollution through their tingling veins. Tiekell.
In a pally, fometimes the fenfation or feeling is either to¬
tally abolifhed, or dull with a fenfe of tingling. Arbuthnot.
ToTink. v.n. [tinnio, Latin; tincian, Welfh] To make a
fharp fhrill noife.
Ti'nker. n.f. [from tink, becaufe their way of proclaiming
their trade is to beat a kettle, or becaufo in their tink they
make a tinkling nolle.] A mender of old brats.
Am not I old Sly’s fon, by education a cardmaker, and
now by prefent profeffion a tinker« t Shakefpeare.
2 %
T i P T I R
My copper medals by the pound
May be with learned juftice weigh’d :
To'turn the balance, Otho’s head
May be thrown in : and for the mettle
The coin may mend a tinker s kettle. Prior.
To Ti'nkle. v. n. [tinter, Fr. tinnio, Latin.]
1. To make a fharp quick noife ; to clink.
The daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with
ftretchcd out necks, making a tinkling with their feet. Ifa.
His feeble hand a javelin threw,
Which fiutt’ring, feem’d to loiter as it flew :
Juft, and but barely, to the mark it held,
And faintly tinkl'd on the brazen fhield. Dryden s JEn.
The fprightly horfe
Moves to the mufick of his tinkling bells. Dodfey’s Agr.
2. It feems to have been improperly ufed by Pope.
The wand’ring ftreams that fhine between the hills.
The grots that echo to the tinkling rills. Pope.
2. To hear a low quick noife.
With deeper brown the grove was overfpread, n
A fudden honour feiz’d his giddy head, >
And his ears tinkled, and the colour fled. Drydcn. 3
Tinman. n.f. [tin and man.] A manufacturer of tin, or iron
tinned over.
Didft thou never pop
Thy head into a tinman’s (hop. Prior.
Ti'npenny. n.f A certain cuftomary duty anciently paid to
the tithingmen. Bailey.
Ti'nwoRM. n.f An infeCt. Bailey.
Ti'nner. n.f [from tin-, tin, Saxon.] One who works in
the tin mines.
The Cornifh men, many of them could for a need live
under-ground, that were tinners. Bacon s Henry VII.
Tinsel, n.f [etincelle, Fr.J
1. A kind of {hining cloth. .
A tinfel vail her amber locks did fhrowd.
That drove to cover what it could not hide. Fairfax.
Its but a night-gown in refpedt of your’s; cloth of gold
and cuts, underborne with a bluifii tinfel. Shakefpeare.
By Thetis’ tinfel flipper’d feet,
And the fongs of lirens fweet. Milton.
2. Any thing fhining with falfe luftre; any thing fhewy and of
little value.
For favours cheap and common who would drive ;
Yet fcatter’d here and there I fome behold.
Who can difeern the tinfel from the gold ? Dryden.
If the man will too curioufly examine the fuperficial tinjel
good, he undeceives himfelf to his own coft. Norris.
No glittering tinfel of May fair,
Could with this rod of Sid compare. _ Swift.
Ye tinfel infeds, whom a court maintains,
That counts your beauties only by your ftains.
Spin all your cobwebs o’er the eyes of day,
The mufe’s wing (hall brufh you all away. Pope.
To Ti'nsel. v. a. [from the noun.] To decorate with cheap
ornaments; to adorn with luftre that has no value.
Hence you phantaftick poftillers in fong.
My text defeats your art, ’tis nature’s tongue,
Scorns all her tinjoil’d metaphors of pelf,
Illuftrated by nothing but herfelf. Cleaveland.
She, tinfell’d o’er in robes of varying hues.
With felf-applaufe her wild creation views.
Sees momentary monfters rife and fall,
And with her own fool’s colours gilds them all. Pope.
Tint. n.f. [teinte, Fr. tinta, Ital.] A dye; a colour.
Whether thy hand ftrike out feme free.defign.
Where life awakes, and dawns at ev’ry line ;
Or blend in beauteous tint the colour d mafs,
And from the canvas call the mimick face. Pope.
Ti'ny. ad], [tint, tynd, Danifh.] Little; fmall; puny. A
burlefque word.
Some pigeons, Davy, and any pretty little tiny kickfhaws.
Sbakefp. Henry IV.
When that I was a little tiny boy,
A foolifh thing was but a toy. Sbakefp. Twelfth Night.
But ah ! I fear thy little fancy roves.
On little females and on little loves ;
Thy pigmy children, and thy tiny fpoufe,
The baby playthings that adorn thy houfe. Swift.
Tip. n.J. [tip, tipken, Dutch.] Top; end; point; extremity.
The tip no jewel needs to wear.
The tip is jewel of the car. _ Sidney, h. ii.
They touch the beard with the tip of their tongue, and
We(; jt Bacon s Nat. Hijl. N . 494.
Thrice upon thy fingers tip.
Thrice upon thy rubied lip. < Milton.
All the pleafure dwells upon the tip of his tongue. South.
She has fifty private amours, which nobody yet knows any
thing of but herfelf, and thirty clandeftine marriages that
have not been touched by the tip of the tongue. Addifon.
I no longer look upon lord Plaufible as ridiculous, for ad¬
miring a lady’s fine tip of an ear and pretty elbow. Pope.
To Tip. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To top; to end; to cover on the end.
In his hand a reed
Stood waving, tipp’d with fire. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
With truncheon tipp’d with iron head,
The warriour to the lifts he led. Hudilras, p. i.
How would the old king fmile
To fee you weigh the paws, when tipp’d with gold,
And throw the fhaggy fpoils about your fhoulders. Addifon.
Quarto’s, oftavo’s fhape the lefs’ning pyre,
And Iaft a little Ajax tips the fpire. Pope’s Dunciad.
Behold the place, where if a poet
Shin’d in defeription, he might fhow it;
Tell how the moon-beam trembling falls,
And tips with filver all the walls. Pope’s Horace.
Tipt with jet,
Fair ermines fpotlefs as the fhows they prefs. Thomfon.
2. To ftrike flightly ; to tap.
She writes love letters to the youth in grace,
Nay, tips the wink before the cuckold’s face. Dryden.
The pert jackanapes tipped me the wink, and put out his
tongue at his grandfather. Tatler, N°. 86.
A third rogue tips me by the elbow. Swift.
Their judgment was, upon the whole,
That lady is the dulleft foul;
Then tipt their forehead in a jeer.
As who fhould fay, fhe wants it here. Swift.
When I faw the keeper frown,
Tipping him with half a crown,
Now, faid I, we are alone,
Name your heroes one by one. Swift.
Ti'ppet. n.f [taepper, Sax.] Something worn about the neck.
His turban was white, with a fmall red crofs on the top :
he had alfo a tippet of fine linnen. Bacon.
To Ti'pple. v. n. [tepel, a dug, old Teutonick.] To drink
luxurioufly; to wafte life over the cup.
Let us grant it is not amifs to fit,
And keep the turn of tippling with a flave.
To reel the ftreets at noon. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To Ti'pple. v. a. To drink in luxury or excefs.
While his canting drone-pipe fcan’d
The myftick figures of her hand.
He tipples palmeftry, and dines
On all her fortune-telling lines. Cleaveland.
To a fhort meal he makes a tedious grace,
Before the barley-pudding comes in place ;
Then bids fall on ; himfelf for faving charges
A peel’d flic’d onion eats, and tipples verjuice. Dryden.
If a (lumber haply does invade
My weary limbs, my fancy’s ftill awake,
Thoughtful of drink, and eager in a dream.
Tipples imaginary pots of ale. Philips.
Ti'pple. n.f. [from the verb.] Drink; liquor.
While the tipple was paid for, all went merrily on, L'Ejlr.
Ti'ppled. adj. [from tipple.] Tipfy; drunk.
Merry, we fail from the Eaft,
Half tippled at a rainbow feaft. Dryden.
Ti'ppler. n.f. [from tipple.'] A fottifh drunkard; an idle
drunken fellow.
Ti'pstaff. n.f [tip andfaff.]
1. An officer with a ftafF tipped with metal.
2. The ftafF itfelf fo tipt.
One had in his hand a tipftaff of a yellow cane, tipped at
both ends with blue. Bacon.
One had in his hand a tipfajf of a yellow cane, tipped at
both ends with blue. Bacon.
Ti'psy. adj. [from tipple.'] Drunk; overpowered with excefs
of drink.
The riot of the tipfy bacchanals,
Tearing the Thracian finger in their rage. Shakefpeare.
Welcome joy and feaft.
Midnight Ihout and revelry,
Tipfy dance and jollity. Milton.
Ti'ptoe. n. f. [tip and toe.] The end of the toe.
Where the fond ape himfelf uprearing high.
Upon his tiptoes ftalketh ftately by. Spenf. Halberd's Tole.
He that outlives this day and comes fafe home,
Will Hand a tiptoe when this day is nam’d,
And rouze him at the name of Crifpian. Shakefpeare.
Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Stands tiptoe on the mifty mountains tops. Shakefpeare.
Religion ftands on tiptoe in our land,
Ready to pafs to the American ftrand. Herbert.
Ten ruddy wildings in the wood I found.
And flood on tiptoes from the ground. Dryden.
Tire, n.f [tuyr, Dutch.]
I. Rank; row.
V our loweft tire of ordnance mull lie four foot clear above
water, when all loading is in, or elfe thofe your beft pieces
26 O will
T 1 T
Vill be of fmall ufc at fca, in any grown weather that makes
the billow's to rife. ' Raleigh's EJfays.
Stood rank’d of feraphim another row,
In pofture to difplode their fccond tire
Of thunder. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
In all thofc wars there were few triremes, mold ol them
being of one tire of oars' of fifty banks. Arbuthnot.
2. [Corrupted from tiar or tiara, or attire.'] A head-drels.
On her head fhe wore a tire of gold,
Adorn’d with gems and ouches. Fairy Queen.
Here is her pidture : let me fee ;
If I had fuch a tire, this face of mine
V/ere full as lovely as is this of hers. Shakefpeare.
The judge of torments, and the king of tears,
Now fills a burnifh’d throne of quenchlefs fire.
And for his old fair robes of light he wears
A gloomy mantle of dark flame, the tire
That crowns his hated head on high, appears. CraJhavj.
Wheq the fury took her ftand on high,
A hifs from all the fnaky tire went round. Pope.
3. Furniture; apparatus.
Saint George’s worth
Enkindles like defire of high exploits:
Immediate fieges, and the tire of war
Rowl in thy eager mind. Philips.
When they firft peep forth of the ground, they (hew their
whole tire of leaves, then flowers, next feeds. Woodward.
To Tire. v. a. [tijuan, Saxon.J
1. To fatigue ; to make weary ; to harrafs; to wear out with
labour or tedioufnefs.
Tir'd with toil, all hopes of fafety paid,
From pray’rs to wifhes he defeends at laid. Dryden,
For this a hundred voices I defire,
To tell thee what a hundred tongues wou’d tire ;
Yet never could be worthily expreld.
How deeply thou art feated in my breafd. Dryden s Perfius.
2. It has often out added to intend the fignifixation.
Often a few that are ftifF do tire out a greater number
that are mere moderate. Bacon s EJfays.
A lonely way
The cheerlefs Albion wander’d half a day ;
Tir'd out, at length a fpreading ftream he ’fpy’d. Tickell.
3. [From attire or tire, from tiara.] To drefs the head.
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30.
To Tire. v. n. [reojuan, Saxon.] ft o fail with wearineis.
Ti'redness. n.J. [from tired.] State of being tired ; wearinefs?
It is not through the tirednefs of the age of the earth, but
through our own negligence that it hath not fatisfied us boun¬
tifully". Hakewill on Providence.
Tiresome, adj. [from tire.] Wearifome; fatiguing; te¬
dious.
Since the inculcating precept upon precept will prove tire¬
some to the reader, the poet mud fometimes relieve the fubjeeft with a pleafant and pertinent digreffion. Addifon.
Nothing is fo tirefome as the works of thofe criticks who
write' in a dogmatick way, without language, genius, or
imagination. Addifon's SpeSi. N°. 253.
Tiresomeness, n.f [from tirefome.] Adi or quality of be¬
ing tirefome.
TVrewoman, n. f. [tire and woman.] A woman whofe bufinefs is to make drefles for the head.
Whv fhould they not value themfelves for this outfide
fafhionablenefs of the tirewoman's making, when their parents
have fo early inftrudted them to do fo. Locke on Education.
Ti'ringhouse. I n.f. [tire and houfe, or room.] The room in
Ti'ringroom. \ which players drefs for the ftage.
This green plot fhall be our ftage, this hawthorn brake
our tiringhoufe. Shakefpeare.
Man’s life’s a tragedy ; his mother’s womb,
From which he enters, is the tiringroom';
This fpacious earth the theatre, and the ftage
That country which he lives in ; pafiions, rage,
Folly, and vice, are adtors. Wotton.
Ti'rwit. n. f. A bird. Ainfworth.
’Tis, contracted for it is.
'Tis deftiny unfhunable. . Shakefpeare.
Ti'sick. n.f [corrupted from phthiftek.] Confumption; mor¬
bid wafte.
Ti'sical. adj. [for phihifeal.] Confumptive.
Ti'ssue. n.f [tijfue, Fr. tipan, to weave, Norman Saxon.]
Cloth interwoven with gold or filver.
In their glittering tijjucs emblaz’d
Holy memorials, adts of zeal and love.
Recorded eminent. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. v.
A robe of tijfue, ftifF with golden wire;
An upper' veft, once Helen’s rich attire ;
• From Argos by the fam’d adultrefs brought.
With golden flow’rs and winding foliage wrought. Dryden.
To Ti'ssue. v^a. [from the noun.] To interweave; to va¬
riegate. ^
'The chariot was covered with cloth of gold tiffued upon
blue. Bacon's New Ailantis.
They have been always frank of their bleflings to counte¬
nance any great adtion ; and then, according as it fhould
profper, to tijfue upon it fome pretence or other. Wotton.
Mercy will fit between,
Thron’d in coeleftial fhecn.
With radiant feet the tiffued clouds down fleering, Milton.
TIT. n.f.
1. A fmall horfc : generally in contempt.
No ftpring of pafture with baggagely tit,
With ragged, with aged, and evil at hit. Tujfer.
Thou might’ft have ta’en example
From what thou read’ll in ftory;
Being as worthy to fit
On an ambling tit,
As thy predeceftor Dory. Denham.
2. A woman : in contempt.
What does this envious tit, but awhy to her father with A
tale. L'EJlratige.
A willing tit that will venture her corps with you. Dryden.
Short pains for thee, for me a fon and heir.
Girls coft as many throes in bringing forth ;
Befide, when born, the tits are little worth. > Dryden.
3. A titmoufe or tomtit. A bird.
Titbit, n.f. [properly tidbit-, tid, tender, and bit.] Nice
bit 5 nice food.
John pampered efquire South with titbits till he grew wan¬
ton. Arbuthnot.
Ti'theable. adj. [from tithe.] Subject to the payment of
tithes ; that of which tithes may be taken.
The popifh prieft fhall, on taking the oath of allegiance
to his majefty, be entitled to a tenth part or tithe of all
things iitheable in Ireland belonging to the papifts, within
their refpedlive parifhes. . Swift.
TITHE, n.f. [reo^a, Saxon, tenth.]
1. The tenth part; the part affigned to the maintenance of the
miniftry.
Many have made witty invedlives againft ufury : they fay,
that it is pity the devil fhould have God’s part, which is the
tithe. Bacon.
Sometimes comes fhe with a tithe pig’s tail.
Tickling the parfon as he lies afleep,
Then dreams he of another benefice. Shakefpeare.
2. The tenth part of any thing.
I have fearched man by man, boy by boy; the tithe of a
hair was never loft in my houfe before. Shakefpeare%
Since the firft fword was drawn about this queftion,
Ev’ry tithe foul ’mongft many thoufand difmes
Hath been as dear as Helen. Shakefp. Trail, and CreJJida.
3. Small part.; fmall portion.
OfFenfive wars for religion are feldom to be approved, unlefs they have fome mixture of civil tithes. Bacon.
To Tithe, v. a. [teo’Sian, Saxon.] To tax; to pay the
tenth part.
When I come to the tithing of them, I will tithe them one
with another, and will make an Irifhman the tithingman.
Spenfer on Ireland.
By decimation and a tithed death,
If thy revenges hunger for that food
Which nature loaths, take thou the deflin’d tenth. Shah.
When thou haft made an end of tithing all the tithes of
thine increafe, the third year, the year of tithing, give unto
the Levite, ftrariger, fatherlefs and widow. Dent. xxvi. 12.
To Tithe, v. n. To pay tithe.
For lambe, pig, and calf, and for other the like.
Tithe fo as thy cattle the lord do not ftrike. Tujfer.
Ti'ther. n.f. [from tithe.] One who gathers tithes.
Ti'thymal. n.f. [tithymalle, French; tithymallus, Lat.] An
herb. Airf.
Ti'thing. n.f. [tithinga, law Latin, from tithe.]
1. Tithing is the number or company of ten men with their
families knit together in a fociety, all of them being bound
to the king for the peaceable and good behaviour of each of
their fociety : of thefe companies there was one chief perfon,
who, from his office, was called (toothingman) tithingman;
but now he is nothing but a conftable. Cowcl.
Poor Tom, who is whipt from tithing to tithing, and flock
punifhed and imprifoned. Shakefp. King Lear.
2. Tithe ; tenth part due to the prieft.
Though vicar be bad, or the parfon evil.
Go not for thy tithing thyfelf to the devil. Tujfer.
Ti'thingman. n.f. [tithing and man.] A pettypeace officer;
an uiider-conftable.
His hundred is not at his command further than his prince s
fervice ; and alfo every tithingman may control him. Spenfer.
To Ti'tillate. v.n. [titrllo, Lat.] fto tickle.
Juft where the breath of life his noftrils drew,
A charge of fnuff the wily virgin threw ;
The gnomes direct to ev’ry atom juft,
The pungent grains of titillating duft. Pope,
Titiela'tion.
2
T I T T O
n.f [titillation, French; titillatio, Lit. from
the emiflion
from titillaBacon.
Titilla'tion.
titillate.]
1. The act of tickling.
Tickling caufeth laughter: the caufe may be
of the fpirits, and fo of the breath, by a flight
tion.
2. The ftate of being tickled.
In fweets the acid particles feem fo attenuated in the oil as
only to produce a fmall and grateful titillation. Jrbuthnot.
3. Any flight or petty pleafure.
The delights which refult from tbefe nobler entertainments
our cool thoughts need not be afhamed of, and which are
dogged by no iuch fad fequels as are the products of thofe
titillations, that reach no higher than the fenfes. Glanville.
Ti'tlark. n.J. A bird.
The fmaller birds do the like in their feafons ; as the
Ieverock, titlark, and linnet. Walton.
Ti'tLE. n.f. [tite/le, old Fr. titulus, Lat.]
ft'
2.
Shakefp. Macbeth.
Milton.
4
A general head comprifing particulars.
Three draw the experiments of the former four into titles
and tables for the better drawing of obfervations; thefe we
call compilers. Bacon.
Among the many preferences that the laws of England
have above others, I (hall Angle out two particular titles,
which give a handfome fpecimen of their excellencies above
other laws in other parts or titles of the fame. Hale.
An appellation of honour.
To leave his wife, to leave his babes,
His manfion, and his titles, in a place
From whence himfelf does fly ?
Man over men
He made not lord : fuch title to himfelf
Referving.
. A name; an appellation.
My name’s Macbeth.
—The devil himfelf could not pronounce a title
More hateful to mine ear. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Ill worthy I fuch title fhould belong
To me tranfgrefior. Milton.
The firft page of a book, telling its name and generally its
fubjedf; an infeription.
This man’s brow, like to a title leaf,
Foretels the nature of a tragick volume. Shahefpeare.
Our adverfaries encourage a writer who cannot furnifh out
fo much as a title page with propriety. Swift.
A claim of right.
Let the title of a man’s right be called in queftion; are
we not bold to rely and build upon the judgment of fuch as
are famous for their (kill in the laws ? Hooker.
Is a man impoverifhed by purchafe ? it is becaufe he paid
his money for a lye, and took a bad title for a good. South.
’Tis our duty
Such monuments, as we can build, to raife ;
Left all the world prevent what we ihould do.
And claim a title in him by their praife.
To revenge their common injuries, though you
undoubted title by your birth, you had a greater
courage.
Dryden.
had an
by your
Drydcn.
Conti would have kept his title to Orange. Addifon.
O the diferetion of a girl ! fne will be a flave to any thing
that has not a title to make her one. Southern.
To Ti'tle. v. a. [from the noun.] To entitle; to name;. to
• call.
To thefe, that fober race of men, whofe lives
Rdivious, titled them the fons of God,
Shah yield up all their virtue, all their fame,
Ignobly ! Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xi.
Titleless. adj. [from title.’] Wanting a name or appella¬
tion. Not in ufe.
He was a kind of nothing, titlelefs,
• Till he had forg’d himfelf a name o’ th’ lira
. Of burning Rome. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Ti'tlepage. n. f. [title and page.] The page containing the
title of a book.
Wc Ihould have been pleafed to have feen our own names
at the bottom of the titlepage. Drydcn.
TiTmouse. orAt. n.f. [tijt, Dutch, a chick or fmall bird ;
titlingier, Iflandick, a little, bird : tit' fignifles little in the
Teutonick dialedls.] A fmall fpecies of birds.
The nightingale is fovereign of fong,
Before him fits the titmoufe filent be,
And I unfit to thruft in fkilful throng.
Should Colin make judge of my foolcrie. Spcnfer.
The titmoufe and the peckers hungry brood,
And Progne with her bofom ftain’d in blood. Drydcn.
To Ti'tter. v. n. [formed, I fuppofe, from the found.] To
laugh with reftraint; to laugh without much noife.
In flow’d at once a gay embroider’d race.
And titt'ring pufh’d the pedants off the place. Dunciad.
Ti'tter. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A reftrained lausrh.
2. I know not what it fignifies in Tuffcr,
From wheat go and rake out the titters or tind,
If eare be not forth, it will rife again fine. Tuffein
Ti'ttle. n.f. [I fuppofe from tit.] A fmall particle; a point;
a dot.
In the particular which concerned the church, the Scots
Would never depart from a tittle. Clarendon, b. viii.
Angels themfelves difdaining
T’ approach thy temple, give thee in command
What to the fmalleft tittle thou fhalt fay
To thy adorers. Paradife Regain'd, b. h
They thought God and themfelves Jinked together in fo
faft a covenant, that although they never performed their
part, God was yet bound to make good every tittle of his.
South's Sermons.
Ned Fafhion hath been bred about court, and underftands
to a tittle all the punctilios of a drawing-room. Swift*
Ti'ttletattle. n.f. [A word formed from tattle by a ludi¬
crous reduplication.] Idle talk ; prattle ; empty gabble.
As the foe drew near
With love, and joy, and life and dear,
Our don, who knew this tittletattle,
Did, fure as trumpet, call to battle. Prior:
For every idle tittletattle that went about, Jack was fufpected for the author. Arbutbnot's Hijl. of J. Bull.
To rCfTLETattle. v. n. [from tattle.] To prate idly.
You are full in your tittletattlings of Cupid : here is Cupid,
and there is Cupid : I will tell you now what a good old wo¬
man told me. Sidney, b. in
Tituba'tion. n.f. [titubo, Lat.] The aft of (tumbling.
Ti'tular. adj. [titulaire, Fr. from titulus, Lat.] Nominal;
having or conferring only the title.
They would deliver up the kingdom to the king of Eng¬
land to fhadow their rebellion, and to be titular and painted
head of thofe arms. Bacon’s Henry Nil.
Thtones, virtues, powers,
If thefe magnifick titles yet remain,
Not merely titidar. Milton-.
Both Valerius and Auftin were titidar bifhops. Ayliff'e
Titula'rity. n.f. [from titular.] The ftatc of being titular.
Julius, Auguftus, and Tiberius, with great humility received the name of imperator; but their fiicceflbrs retain the
fame even in its titidarity. Brown’s Vulgar Errours*
Titulary, adj. [titulaire, Fr. from titulus, Lat.]
1. Confifting in a title.
1 he malecontents of his kingdom have not been bafe nor
titulary impqftors, but of an higher nature. Bacon's H. VII.
2. Relating to a title.
William the conqueror, howfoever he ufed the power of a
conqueror to reward his Normans, yet mixed it with a titu¬
lary pretence, grounded upon the confeflbr’s will. Bacon.
Titulary, n.f. [from the adj.] One that has a title or right.
The perfons deputed for the celehration of thefe mafles
were neither titularies nor perpetual curates, but perfons en¬
tirely cdnduCtitious. Ayliff'e's Parergon.
Ti'vy. adj. [A word expreffing fpeed, from tantivy, the note
of a hunting horn.]
In a bright moon-fhine while winds whiftle loud,
Tivy, tivy, tivy, we mount and we fly,
All rocking in a downy white cloud :
And left our leap from the iky fhould prove too far.
We Aide on the back of a nqw-falling ftar. Dryden.
To. advi [to, Saxon; te, Dutch.]
i. A particle coming between two verbs, and noting the fecond
‘ as the objeft of the firft.
The delay of our hopes teaches us to mortify our defires.
Dryden's Ain*
Smallridre.
• • o
2. It notes the intention.
Ambitious fool! with horny hoofs to pafs
O’er hollow arches of refounding brafs,
To rival thunder.
She rais’d a war
In Italy, to call me back. Dryden's Allfor Love.
Urg’d by defpait, again I go to try
The fate of arms, refolv’d in fight to die. Dryden.
I have done my utmoft to lead my life fo pleafantly as to
forget all misfortunes. Pope.
3. After an adjective it notes its objeCI.
We ready are to try our fortunes
To the laft man. Shakefp. Henry TV. p. ii.
The lawlefs fword his childrens blood fhall Ihed,
Increaft for flaughter, born to beg their bread. Sandys.
4. Noting futurity.
It is not blood and bones that can be confcious of their
own hardneft and rednefs; and we are ftill to feek for fomething elfe in our frame that receives thofe impreffions. Bentley.
5- I To Tn/fiV ! Backwar<1 3nd f° ard.
Ifmay binds and loofeth fouls condemn’d to woe.
And fends the devils on errands to andfro. Fairfax, b. ii.
The fpirits perverfe
With eafy intercourfe pafs to and fro,
To tempt or punifh mortals. * ' Milton.
Drof;
T O T O
Shakefp.
AddiJ'on.
Drefs it not till the feventh clay, and then move the joint
to andfro. Wifeman's Surgery.
Maffes of marble, originally beat off from the ftrata of
the neighbouring rocks, jolled to and again till they were
rounded to the form of pebbles. hVlodward on Fojjils.
The winds in diftant regions blow,
Moving the world of waters to andfro. Addifon.
To. prepoftion.
1. Noting motion towards : oppofed tofrom.
With that {he to him afrefh, and furely would have put
out his eyes. Sidney, b. ii.
Tybalt fled ;
But by and by comes back to Romeo,
And to’t they go like light’ning. Shakefpeare.
Give not over fo ; to him again, intreat him.
Kneel down before him. Shakefp. Meaf. for Meafure.
She’s coming ; to her coz. Shakefpeare.
I’ll to him again in the name of Brook ; he’ll tell me all
his purpofe. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
I’ll to the woods among the happier brutes:
Come, let’s away. Smith.
2. Noting accord or adaptation.
Thus they with facred thought
Mov’d on in filence to foft pipes. Milton's ParK LoJl> b. i.
3. Noting addrefs or compellation.
To you, my noble lord of Weftmorland.
- -1 pledge your grace. Shakefp. Henry V.
Here’s to you all, gentlemen, and let him that’s good-natur’d in his drink pledge me. Denham s Sophy.
Now, to you, Raymond : can you guefs no reafon
Why I repofe fuch confidence in you ? Dryden.
4. Noting attention or application.
Turn out, you rogue ! how like a beaft you lie :
Go buckle to the law. Dryden's Juvenal.
Sir Roger’s kindnels extends to their childrens children.
Addifon,
5. Noting addition or accumulation.
Wifdom he has, and to his wifdom courage;
Temper to that, and unto all fuccefs. Denham's Sophy.
6. Noting a ftate or place whither any one goes.
Take you fome company and away to horfe
He fent his coachman’s grandchild to prentice.
7. Noting oppofition.
No foe unpunifh’d in the fighting field.
Shall dare thee foot to foot with fword and fhield. Dryden.
8. Noting amount.
There were to the number of three hundred horfe, and as
many thoufand foot Englifh. Bacon's War with Spain.
9. Noting proportion ; noting amount.
Enoch whofe days were, though many in refpedl of ours,
yet fcarce as three to nine in comparifon of theirs with whom
he lived. Hooker, b. iv.
With thefe bars againft me,
And yet to win her-all the world to nothing. Shakefp.
Twenty to one offend more in writing too much than too
little; even as twenty to one fall into ficknefs rather by over¬
much fulnefs than by any lack. Afcham's Schoolmajler.
The burial muff be by the fmallnefs of the proportion as
fifty to one; or it muff be holpen by fomewhat which may
fix the filver never to be relfored when it is incorporated.
Bacon's Phyftcal Remains.
With a funnel filling bottles; to their capacity they will
all be full. _ Benj. Johnfon.
P’nyfidans have two women patients to one man. Graunt.
When an ambaffador is difpatched to any foreign ftate, he
fhall be allowed to the value of a fhilling a day. Addifon.
Among the ancients the weight of oil was to that of wine
as nine to ten. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Suppofing them to have an equal fhare, the odds will be
three to one on their fide. Swift.
10. Noting pofleffion or appropriation.
Still a greater difficulty upon tranflators rifes from the pe¬
culiarities every language hath to itfelf. Felton.
11. Noting perception.
The flow’r itfelf is glorious to behold,
Sharp to the tafte. Dryden's Virgil,
12. Noting the fubjedl of an affirmation.
I truff, I may not truff thee ; for thy word
Is but the vain breath of a common man :
Believe me, I do not believe thee, man ;
I have a king’s oath to the contrary. Shakefp. King John.
12. In companion of.
All that they did was piety to this. Benj. Johnfon.
There is no fool to the finner, who every moment ventures
his foul. TUlotfon.
13. As far as.
Some Americans, otherwife of quick parts, could not count
to one thoufand, nor had any diftindt idea of it, though they
could reckon very well to twenty. Locke.
Coffee exhales in roafting to the abatement of near onefourth of its weight. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
14. Noting intention.
This the conful fees, yet this man lives !
Partakes the publick cares ; and with his eye
Marks and points out each man of us to flaughter. B. Job.
15. After an adjedtive it notes the objedt.
Draw thy fword in right.
I’ll draw it as apparent to the crown.
And in that quarrel ufe it to the death. Shakefpeare.
Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden.
All were attentive to the godlike man.
When from his lofty couch he thus began. Dryden.
16. Noting obligation.
Almanzor is taxed with changing fides, and what tie has
he on him to the contrary : he is not born their fubjedt, and
he is injured by them to a very' high degree Dryden.
17. Refpedting.
He’s walk’d the way of nature ;
And to our purpofes he lives no more. Shakefpeare.
The effedts of fuch a divifion are pernicious to the laff de¬
gree, not only with regard to thofe advantages which they
give the common enemy, but to thofe private evils which !
they produce in every particular. Addijon's Sped. N°. 125.
iS. Noting confequence.
Fadtions carried too high are much to the prejudice of the
authority of princes. Bacon.
Under how hard a fate are women born.
Priz’d to their ruin, or expos’d to fcorn ! Waller.
Thus, to their fame, when finifh’d was the fight.
The vidtors from their lofty {feeds alight. Dryden.
Oh frail elfate of human things.
Now to our coll your emptinefs we know. Dryden.
A Britifh king obliges himfelf by oath to execute juftice in
mercy, and not to exercife either to the total exclufion of
the other. Addifon.
It muff be confeffed to the reproach of human nature, that
this is but too juft a pidture of itfelf. Broome's Odyffey.
19. Towards.
She ftretch’d her arms to heav’n. Dryden.
20. Noting prefence.
She (fill beareth him an invincible hatred, and revilcth him
to his face. Swift.
21. Noting effedl.
He was wounded tranfverfe the temporal mufcle, and
bleeding almoft to death. Wifeman.
By the diforder in the retreat great numbers were crowded
to death. Clarendon,
Ingenious to their ruin, ev’ry age
Improves the adt and inftruments of rage. Waller.
To prevent the afperfion of the Roman majefty, the of¬
fender was whipt to death. Dryden.
The abufe reigns chiefly in the country, as I found to my
vexation when I was laft there in a vifit I made to a neigh¬
bour. Swift.
I read my ruin in ev’ry cringing bow and fawning fmile.
Why with malignant elogies encreafe
The peoples fears, and praife me to my ruin ? Smith.
22. After a verb to notes the objedf.
Give me fome wine ; fill full.
I drink to th’ general joy of the whole table,
And to our dear friend Banquo. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Had the methods of education been directed to their right
end, this fo neceffary could not have been negledted. Locke.
Many of them have expofed to the world the private miffortunes of families. Pope.
23. Noting the degree.
This weather-glafs was fo placed in the cavity of a fmall
receiver, that only the (lender part of the pipe, to the height
of four inches, remained expofed to the open air. Boyle.
Tell her thy brother languifhes to death. Addifon.
A crow though hatched under a hen, and who never has
feen any of the works of its kind, makes its neft the fame,
to the laying of a (tick with all the nefts of that fpecies.
Addifon.
If he employs his abilities to the beft advantage, the time
will come when the fupreme governour of the world fhall
proclaim his worth before men and angels. Addifon's Sped.
24. Before day, to notes the prefent day; before morrow, the
day next coming j before nighty either the prefent night, or
night next coming.
Banquo, thy foul’s flight,
If it find heav’n inuft find it out to night. Shakefpeare.
To day they chas’d the boar. Otway.
This ought rather to be called a full purpofe of committing
fin to day, than a refolution of leaving it to morrow. Calamy.
25. To dayy to nighty to morrow, are uied, not very properly,
as fubflantives in the nominative and other cafes.
To morrow, and to morrow, and to morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
And all our yefterdays have lighted fools
The way to dulky death. Shakejp. ]\rlacbeth.
'The father of Solomon’s houfe will have private conference
with one of you the next day after to morrow, Bacon.
Tt
T O B T O I
To day is ours, why do we fear ?
To day is ours, we have it here;
Let’s banifh bus’nefs, banifh forrow.
To the gods belongs to morrow. Cowley.
To tnorrow will deliver all her charms
Into my arms, and make her mine for ever. Dryden.
For what to morrow fhall difclofe.
May fpoil what you to night propofe :
England may change, or Cloe ftray ;
Love and life are for to day. Prior.
Toad. n.J. [ta"5e, Saxon.J An animal refcmbling a frog;
but the frog leaps, the toad crawls: the toad is accounted
venomous, I believe truly.
From th’ extreameft upward of thy head.
To the defcent and duft below thy foot,
A moft toad-{\potted traitor. Shake/p. K. Lear.
1 had rather be a toad,
And live upon the vapour of a dungeon,
1 han keep a corner in the thing I love
For others ufe. Shakefpeare's Othello.
In the great plague there were feen, in divers ditches about
London, many toads that had tails three inches long, whereas
toads uiually have no tails. Bacon’s Nat. Hi/t.
In hollow caverns vermin make abode.
The hiding ferpent, and the fwelling toad. Dryden.
To'adfish. n.f. A kind of fea-fifh.
To'adflax. n.f. A plant.
To'adstone. n.f [toad andJlone.] A concretion fuppofed to
be found in the head of a toad.
The toadjlone prefumed to be found in the head of that
animal, is not a thing impoflible. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Tq'adstool. n.f. [toad andJlool.J A plant like a mufhroom.
The grilly todejlool grown there mought I fee.
And loathing paddocks lording on the fame. Spenfer.
Another imperfect plant like a mufhroom, but fometimes
as broad as a hat, called toadjlool, is not efculent. Bacon.
To Toast, v.a. [torreo, toftum, Lat.J
1.To dry or heat at the fire.
Put up thy fword betime.
Or I’ll fo maul you and your toajling iron. Shakefpeare.
His breath ftinks with eating toajled cheefe. Shakefpeare.
The earth whereof the grafs is foon parched with the fun,
and toajled, is commonly forced earth. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
To allure mice I find no other magick, than to draw out
a piece of toajled cheefe. Brown.
Z. To name when a health is drunk. To toajl is ufed com¬
monly when women are named.
Several popifh gentlemen toajled many loyal healths. Add.
We’ll try the empire you fo long have boafted;
And if we are not prais’d, we’ll not be toajled. Prior.
Toast, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. - Bread dried before the fire.
You are both as rheumatick as two dry toaJls\ you cannot
one hear with another’s confirmities. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Every third day take a fmall toajl of manchet, dipped in
oil of lweet almonds new drawn, and fprinkled with loaf
fugar. Bacon's Phyfical Remains.
2. Bread dried and put into liquor.
Where’s then the faucy boat
Co-rival’d greatnefs ? or to harbour fled.
Or made a toajl for Neptune ? Shakefp. Trail, and Creffda.
Some fquire, perhaps, you take delight to rack ;
Whofe game is whifk, whofe treat a toajl in fack. Pope.
3. A celebrated woman whofe health is often drunk.
I fhall likewife mark out every toajl, the club in which
{he was elected, and the number of votes that were on her
fide. Addifon's Guard. N°. 107.
Say, why are beauties prais’d and honour’d moft.
The wife man’s paflion, and the vain man’s toaft ?
Why deck’d with all that land and fea afford,
Why angels call’d, and angel-like ador’d ? Pope.
Tc/aster. n. f. [from toajl.] He who toafts.
We Ample toajlers take delight
To fee our women’s teeth look white;
And ev’ry faucy ill-bred fellow
Sneers at a mouth profoundly yellow. Prior.
TOBA'CCO. n.f. [from Tohaco or Tobago in America.]
The flower of the tobacco confifts of one leaf, is funnelIhaped, and divided at the top into five deep fegments, which
expand like a ftar; the ovary becomes an oblong roundifh
membranaceous fruit, which is divided into two cells by an
intermediate partition, and is filled with fmall roundifh
feeds. Miller.
It is a planet now I fee;
And, if I err not, by his proper
Figure, that’s like a tobacco-ft.opper. Hudibras, p. ii.
Bread or tobacco may be neglected ; but reafon at firft re¬
commends their trial, and cuftom makes them pleafant. Locke.
Salts are to be drained out of the clay by water, before it
be fit for the making tobacco-pipes or bricks. Wtodward.
Tob'acconist. n.f. [from tobacco.] A preparer and vender of
tobacco.
Tod. n.f. [totte haar, a lock of hair, German. Skinner. I
believe rightly.]
topful
Shakefp. Macbeth.
Milton.
1. A bufh ; a thick fhrub.
, Within the ivie tod.
There fhrouded was the little god ;
I heard a bufy buftling. Spenfer's Pajloralsc
2. A certain weight of wool, twenty eight pounds.
Every eleven weather tods, every tod yields a pound and
odd fhillings. Shakefpeare's lVinter's Tale.
Toe. n.f. [ta, Saxon; teen, Dutch.] The divided extremi¬
ties of the feet; the fingers of the feet.
Come all you fpirits,
And fill me from the crown to th’ toe.
Of direft cruelty.
Sport that wrinkled care derides,
And laughter holding both his fides;
Come and trip it as you go,
On the light fantaftick toe.
Laft to enjoy her fenfe of feeling,
A thoufand little nerves fhe fends
Quite to our toes, and fingers ends.
Tofo're. adv. [topopan, Saxon.] Before.
It is an epilogue to make plain
Some obfeure precedence that hath toforc been fain. Shak.
So fhall they depart the manor with the corn and the bacon
tofore him that hath won it. Spectator, N°. 607.
Toft. n. f. [toftum, law Latin.] A place where a ineffuage
has ftood. Cowel and Ainf
To'ged. adj. [togatus, Lat.] Gowned; dreffed in gowns.
The bookifh theorick,
Wherein the toged confuls can propofe
As mafterly as he; meer prattle, without pra&ice.
Is all his foldierfhip. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Toge'ther. adv. [rogaeSepe, Saxon.]
1.
Prior.
Obfolete.
Shakefpeare.
Milton.
Bacon.
Davies.
In company.
We turn’d o’er many books together.
Both together went into the wood.
2. Not apart; not in feparation.
That king joined humanity and policy together.
3. In the fame place.
She lodgeth heat and cold, and moift and dry,
And life and death, and peace and war together.
4. In the fame time.
While he and I live together, I fhall not be thought the
worft poet. Dryden.
5. Without intermiflion.
The Portuguefe expe&ed his return for almoft an age toge¬
ther after the battle. ^Dryden.
They had a great debate concerning the punifhment of
one of their admirals, which lafted a month together. Addifon.
6. In concert.
The fubjefil is his confederacy with Henry the eighth, and
the wars they made together upon France. Addifon on Italy.
7. In continuity.
Some tree’s broad leaves together few’d,
And girded on our loins, may cover round. Milton.
8. Together with. In union with; in a ftate of mixture
with.
Take the bad together with the good. Dryden's Juvenal.
To Toil. v.n. [tihan, Saxon; tuylen, Dutch.] To labour;
perhaps originally, to labour in tillage.
This Percy was the man neareft my foul ;
Who, like a brother, toil'd in my affairs,
And laid his love and life under my foot. Shakefpeare.
Others ill-fated are condemn’d to toil
Their tedious life, and mourn their purpofe blafted
With fruitlefs a£f. Prior.
He views the main that ever toils below. Thomfon.
To Toil. v. a.
1. To labour; to work at.
Toil’d out my uncouth paffage, forc’d to ride
Th’ untradtable abyfs. Milton.
2. To weary; to overlabour.
Then, toil'd with works of war, retir’d himfelf
To Italy. Shakefpeare's Richard II;
Toil. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Labour ; fatigue.
They live to their great, both toil and grief, where the
blafphemies of Arians are renewed. Hooker, b. v.
Not to irkfome toil, but to delight
He made us. Milton.
2. [Toile, toiles, Fr. tela, Latin.] Any net or fnare woven or
mefhed.
She looks like fleep,
As fhe would catch another Antony
In her ftrong toil of grace. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
He had fo placed his horfemen and footmen in the woods,
that he fhut up the Chriftians as it were in a toil. Knolles.
All great fpirits
Bear great and fudden change with fuch impatience
As a Numidian lion, when firft caught.
Endures the toil that holds him. & Denham's Sophy.
A fly falls into the toil of a fpider. L'EJlrange.
Fantaftick honour, thou haft fram’d a toil
'jThyfelfj to make thy love thy virtues fpoil.
26 P
Dryden.
To'ilet.
TOL
To'ilet. n.f [toilette, Fr.] A dreffing table.
The merchant from the exchange returns in peace.
And the long labours of the toilet ceafe. Pope.
To'ilsome. n.f. [from toil.] Laborious; weary.
This were it toil/ome, yet with thee were fweet. Milton.
While here we dwell,
What can be toil/ome in thefe pleafant walks ? Milton.
Abfent or dead, dill let a friend be dear,
A ligh the abfent claims, the dead a tear;
Recal thofe nights that clos’d thy toil/ome days,
Still hear thy Parnel in his hying lays . Pope.
To'ilsomeness. n./. [from toil/ome.} Weanfomenefs; laboTo'ken! [taikns, Gothick ; racn, Saxon ; teycken, Dutch.]
Shew me a token for good, that they which hate me may
fee it. PfaL lxxxvi' *7-
2. A mark. ... . r ,
Wherefoever you fee ingratitude, you may as infallibly
conclude, that there is a growing dock of ill-nature in that
bread:, as you may know that man to have the plague upon
whom you fee the tokens. South's Sermons.
3. A memorial of friendfhip; an evidence of remembrance.
Here is a letter from queen Hecuba,
A token from her daughter, my fair love. Shake/peare.
Whence came this ?
This is fome token from a newer friend. Shake/peare.
Pigwiggen gladly would commend
Some token to queen Mab to fend.
Were worthy of her wearing. Drayton's Nymphid.
To Token, v. a. [from the noun.] To make known. Not
in ufe.
What in time proceeds,
May token to the future our pad: deeds. Shake/peare.
Told. pret. and part. pad. of tell. Mentioned ; related.
The adts of God to human ears
Cannot, without procefs of fpeech, be told. Milton.
To Tcle. v. a. [This leems to be fome barbarous provincial
word-] To train ; to draw by degrees. ^ .
Whatever you obferve him to be more frighted at than he
fhould, tole him on to by infenfible degrees, till at lad he
maders the difficulty. . . Locke.
ToYeraele. adj. [tolerable, Fr. tolerabilis, Lat.]
1. Supportable ; that may be endured or fupported.
Yourfelves, who have fought them, ye fo excufe, as that
ye would have men to think ye judge them not allowable,
but tolerable only, and to be borne with, for the furtherance
of your purpofes, till the corrupt edate of the church may
be becter reformed. Hooker.
It fhall be more tolerable for Sodom in the day ofjudgment
than for that city. Mat. x. 15.
Cold and heat fcarce tolerable. Milton.
There is nothing of difficulty in the external performance,
but what hypocrify can make tolerable to itfelf. Tillotfon.
2. Not excellent; not contemptible ; padable.
The reader may be affured of a tolerable translation. Dryd.
Princes have it in their power to keep a majority on their
fide by any tolerable adminidration, till provoked by conti¬
nual oppreffions. Swift.
To'lerableness. n.f. [from tolerable.'] The date of being
tolerable.
To'lerably. adv. [from tolerable.]
1. Supportably; in a manner that may be endured.
2. Paffably ; neither well nor ill; moderately welL
Sometimes are found in thefe laxer drata bodies that are
dill tolerably firm. bVoodward s Nat. Hijl. p. iii.
The perfon to whom this head belonged laughed frequent¬
ly, and on particular occafions had acquitted himfelf tolerably
at a ball. Addifon s Sped}. N°. 275-
To'lerance. n.f [tolerantia, Lat. tolerance, br.] Power of
enduring ; add of enduring.
Diogenes one frody morning came into the market-place
fhaking, to (hew his tolerance; many of the people came
about him, pitying him: Plato paffing by, and knowing he
did it to be feen, faid, if you pity him indeed, let him alone
to himfelf. Bacon's Apophth.
There wants nothing but confederation of our own eternal
Weal, a tolerance or endurance of being made happy here,
and bleffed eternally. Hammond’s Funda?nentals.
To ToYera'te. v. a. [tolero, Lat. tolerer, Fr.] To allow fo
as not to hinder j to differ. •
Inafmuch as they did refolve to remove only fuch things
of that kind as the church might bed fpare, retaining the reddue ; their whole counfel is, in this point, utterly con¬
demned, as having either proceeded from the blindnefs of
thofe times, or from negligence, or from defire of honour
and glory, or from an erroneous opinion that fuch things
might be tolerated for a while. Hooker, b. iv.
We (hall tolerate flying horfes, harpies, and fatyrs; for
thefe are poetical fancies, whofe (haded moralities requite
their fubftantial falfities. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. v.
TOM
Men fhould not tolerate themfelves one minute in any
known fin. Decay of Piety.
Crying fhould not be tolerated in children. Locke.
We are fully convinced that we (hall always tolerate them,
but not that they will tolerate us. Swift.
Tolera'tion. n.f [tolero, Latin.] Allowance given to that
which is not approved.
I {hall not fpeak againd the indulgence and toleration grant¬
ed to thefe men. South's Sermons.
TOLL, n.f [This word feems derived from tollo, Lat. toll,
Saxon ; tol, Dutch ; told, Danifh; toll, Weldi; taille, Fr.]
An excife of goods; a feizure of fome part for permiffion of
the red.
Toll, in law, has two fignifications: fird, a liberty to buy
and fell within the precincts of a manor, which feems to
import as much as a fair or market; fecondly, a tribute or
cudom paid for paffage. Cowel.
Empfon and Dudley the people edeemed as his horfeleaches, bold men, that took toll of their mader’s grid. Bac.
The fame Prufias joined with the Rhodians againd the
Byzantines, and flopped them from levying the toll upon
their trade into the Euxine. Arbuthnot.
To Toll. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To pay toll or tallage.
I will buy me a fon-in-law in a fair, and toll for him : for
this I’ll none of him. Shake/p. All’s well that ends, well.
Where, when, by whom, and what y were fold for,
And in the open market toll'd for ? Hudibras, p. ii.
2. To take toll or tallage.
The meale the more yeeldeth, if fervant be true.
And miller that tolleth takes none but his due. Tu/fer.
3. [I know not whence derived.] To found as a fingle bell.
The fird bringer of unwelcome news
Hath but a lofing office ; and his tongue
Sounds ever after as a fullen bell,
Remember’d tolling a departed friend. Shake/p. Henry IV.
Our going to church at the tolling of a bell, only tells us
the time when we ought to go to worfhip God. -Stillingfeet.
Toll, toll,
Gentle bell, for the foul
Of the pure ones. Denham.
You love to hear of fome prodigious tale.
The bell that toll'd alone, or Irifh whale. Dryden.
They give their bodies due repofe at night :
When hollow murmurs of their ev’ning bells
Difmifs the fleepy fwains, and toll them to their cells. Dry.
All the bells tolled in different notes. Pope.
With horns and trumpets now to madnefs (well,
Now fink in forrows with a telling bell. Pope's Dunciad.
The maid afks who the bell toll’d for ? Swift.
To Toll. v. a. folio, Lat.]
1. To ring a bell.
When any one dies, then by tolling or ringing of a bell
the fame is known to the fearchers. Graunt.
2. To take away; to vacate ; to annul. A term only ufed in
the civil law : in this fenfe the 0 is Ihort, in the former long.
An appeal from fentence of excommunication does not
fufpend it, but then devolves it to a fuperior judge, and tolls
the prefumption in favour of a fentence. Ayliffe.
3. * To take away. Obfolete.
The adventitious moidure which hangeth loofe in a body,
betrayeth and tolleth forth the innate and radical moidure
along with it. Bacon's Nat. Hift. N°. 365.
To'llbooth. n.f. [toll smA booth.] A prifon. Ainf.
To ToYlbooth. v. a. To imprifon in a tollbooth.
To thefe what did he give ? why a hen,
That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bijhop Corbet.
Tollga'therer. n.f. [toll and gather.] The officer that
takes toll.
To'lsey. n.f. The fame with tolboo.h. Dift.
Toluta'tion. n.f. [toluto, Latin.] The a£t of pacing or
ambling.
They move per latera, that is, two legs of one fide toge¬
ther, which is tolutation or ambling. Brown s Vulgar Err.
Authors have not writ
Whether tolutation or fuccuffation. Butler.
TOMB. n.f. [toTnbe, tombeau, Fr. tumba, low Lat.] A mo¬
nument in which the dead are enclofed.
Methinks, I fee thee, now thou art below,
As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shake/peare.
Time is drawn upon tombs an old man bald, winged, with
a fithe and an hour-glafs. Peacham on Drawing.
Poor heart! fhe {lumbers in her filent tomb,
Let her poffefs in peace that narrow room. Dryden.
The fecret wound with which I bleed
Shall lie wrapt up, ev’n in my herfe,
But on my tomb-kkone thou fhalt read
Mv anfwer to thy dubious verfe. frtor‘
To Tomb. w. *. [from the noun.] To bury ; to entomb.
Souls of boys were there.
And youths, that tomb'd before their parents were. May.
Anu y * nro'MBLFSs.
TON TOO
To'mbless. adj. [from tomb.] Wanting a tomb ; wanting a
fepulchral monument.
Lay thefe bones in an unworthy urn,
Tomblejs, with no remembrance over them. Sbakefpeare.
To'mboy/«. f [Tom a diminutive of Thomas, and boy.] A
mean fellow; lbmctimes a wild coarfe girl.
A lady
Fatten'd to an empery, to be partner’d
With tomboys, hir’d with that felf-exhibition
Which your own cotters yield ! Shakefp. Cymbeline.
TOME. n.f [Fr. ro^og.]
1. One volume ot many.
2. A book.
All thole venerable books of fcripture, all thofe facred
tomes and volumes of holy writ, are with luch abfiolute per¬
fection framed. Hooker.
Tomti't. n.f. [See Ti'tmouse.] Atitmoufe; a ttnall bird.
You would fancy him a giant when you looked upon him,
and a tomtit when you fhut your eyes. Spectator.
Ton. n.f. [tonne, Fr. See Tun.] A meafure or weight.
Spain was very weak at home, or very flow to move,
when they flittered a fmall fleet of Englifh to fire, fink, and
carry away, ten thoufand ton of their great flopping. Bacon.
Ton. ) In the names of places, are derived from the Saxon
Tun. $ tun, a hedge or wall, and this feems to be from bun,
a hill, the towns being anciently built on hills for the fake of
defence and protection in times of war. Gibjons Camden.
Tone. n.j. [ton, Fr. tonus, Lat.]
1. Note ; found.
Sounds called tones are ever equal. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
The ftrength of a voice or found makes a difference in the
loudnefs or foftnefs, but not in the tone. Bacon s Nat. Hiji.
In their motions harmony divine
So fmooths her charming tones, that God’s own ear
Liftens delighted. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. v.
2. Accent ; found of the voice.
Palamon replies,
Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.
3. A whine ; a mournful cry.
Made children, with your tones, to run fort
As bad as bloody-bones, or Lunsford. Hudibras, p. iii.
4. A particular or attested found in fpeaking.
5. Elafticity; power of extenfion and contraction.
Drinking too great quantities of this decoCtion may weaken
the tone of the ftomach. Arbutbnot.
Tong. n.f. [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. This
word is ufually written tongue, but, as its office is to hold, it
has probably the fame original with tongs, and fhould there¬
fore have the fame orthography.
Their hilts were burnifh’d gold, and handle ftrong
Of mother pearl, and buckled with a golden tong. Fa. £>.
Tongs, n.f. [tang, Saxon; tang, Dutch.] An inftrument
by which hold is taken of any thing: as of coals in the fire.
Another did the dying brands repair
With iron tongs, and fprinkled oft the fame
With liquid waves. Fairy Qiteen, b. ii.
They turn the glowing mafs with crooked tongs;
The fiery work proceeds. Dryden's JEn.
Get a pair of tongs like a fmith’s tongs, ftronger and toothe(j_ Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Tongue, n.f. [rung, Saxon; tongbe, Dutch.]
X. The inftrument of fpeech in human beings.
My confidence hath a thoufand feveral tongue.
And ev’ry tongue brings in a fev’ral tale.
And ev’ry tale condemns me for a villain. Sbakefpeare.
Who with the tongue of angels can relate. Milton.
The terror of thy power or potent tongue. Milton.
They are tongue-valiant, and as bold as Hercules where
there’s no danger. E'Eftrange s Fables.
My ears ftill ring with noife, I’m vext to death,
. Tongue kill’d, and have not yet recover’d breath. Dryden.
Tongue-valiant hero, vaunter of thy might,
In threats the foremoft; but the lag in fight. Dryden.
There have been female Pythagoreans, notwithftanding
that philofophy confifted in keeping a fecret, and the difciple
was to hold her tongue five years together. Addifon's Guard.
I fhould make but a poor pretence to true learning, if I
had not clear ideas under the words my tongue could pro¬
nounce. Watts's hnprovement of the Mind, p. i.
e The or°-an by which animals lick.
Hils for hifs returned with forked tongue
To forked tongue. Milton.
3.Speech; fluency of words.
Tongue-^oughty giant, how dolt thou prove ? Milton.
Much'tongue and much judgment feldom go together; for
talking and thinking are too quite differing faculties. L'EJlr.
Parrots, imitating human tongue,
And finging-birds in filver cages hung. Dryden.
Firft in the council-hall to fleer the ftatc, ^
And ever foremoft in a tongue debate. Dryden's Mn.
Though they have thofe founds ready at their tongue s end,
yet there are ao determined ideas. Locke.
4. Speech, as well or ill ufed.
Give me thy hand; I am forry I beat thee : but, while
thou liv’ft, keep a good tongue in thy head. Sbakefpeare.
On evil days though fallen and evil tongues. “ Milton.
5. A language.
The Lord fliall bring a nation againft thee, whofe tongue
thou fhalt not underftand. ? Deut. xxvii. 49.
With wond’rous gifts endu’d;
To fpeak all tongues and do all miracles. . Milton.
An acquaintance with the various tongues is nothing hut a
relief againft the mifchiefs which the building of Babel in¬
troduced. Wattit
6. Speech as oppofed to thoughts.
Let us not love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed
and in truth. 1 John iii. iff.
7. A nation diftinguifhed by their language. A fcriptural term.
The Lord fhall deftroy thftongue of the Egyptian fca. Ifa.
8. A fmall point; as, the tongue of a balance.
9. To hold the Tongue. To be filent.
’Tis feldom feen that fenators fo yoilng
Know when to fpeak, and when to hold their tongue. Dijd.
Whilft I live I muft not hold my tongue,
And languifh out old age in his difpleafure. Addifon.
To Tongue, v. a. [from the noun.] To chide ; to fcold.
But that her tender fhame
Will not proclaim againft her maiden lofs.
How might fhe tongue me. Shakefp. Meaf. for Mcafurei
To Tongue, v.n. To talk; to prate.
’Tis ftill a dream ; or elfe fuch fluff, as madmen
Tongue, and brain not. Shakefp. Cymbelihe.
To'ngued. adj. [from tongue.] Having a tongue.
Tongu'd like the night-croW. Donna
To'ngueless. adj. [from tongue.’]
1. Wanting a tongue ; fpeechlefs.
What tonguelefs blocks, would they not fpeak ? Shakefp.
Our grave,
Like Turkifh mute, fliall have a tonguelefs mouth. Shak.
That blood, like facrificing Abel’s, cries,
Even from the tonguelefs caverns of the earth,
To me, for juftice. Shakefp. Richard IL
2. Unnamed ; not fpoken of.
One good deed, dying tonguelefs.
Slaughters a thoufand waiting upon that. Sbakefpeare.
To'nguepad. n.f. [tongue and pad.] A great talker.
She who was a celebrated wit at London is, in that dull
part of the world, called a tonguepad. Tatler.
Tongueti'ed. adj. [tongue and tie.] Having an impediment
of fpeech.
Love, and tonguety d fimplicity.
In leaft fpeak mod to my capacity. Shakefpearri
They who have fllOrt tongues, or are tonguetied, are apt
to fall fhort of the appulfe of the tongue to the teeth, and
oftner place it on the gums, and fay t and d inftead of th and
dh ; as moder for mother. Holder's Elements of Speech.
He fpar’d the blufhes of the tonguety'd dame. Tickeh
t£kIc«. H- Fr- .T“W]
1. Being extended ; being elaftick.
Station is no reft, but one kind of motion, relating unto
that which phyficians, from Galen, do name extenfive or
tonical. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
2. Relating to tones or founds.
To'nnage. n.f. [from ton.] A cuftom or import due for merchandife brought or carried in tons from or to other nations,
after a certain rate in every ton. ‘ Cowel.
Tonnage and poundage upon merchandizes were collected,
refufed to be fettled by a£t of parliament. Clarendon.
To'nsil. n.f. [tonfille, Fr. tonfilles, Lat.]
Tonfils or almonds are two round glands placed on the fides
of the bafis of the tongue, under the common membrane of
the fauces, with which they are covered; each of them hath
a large oval finus, which opens into the fauces, and in it
there are a great number of letter ones, which difeharge
themfelves, through the great finus, of a mucous and flippery
matter, into the fauces, larynx, and oefophagus, for the
moiftening and lubricating thefe parts. Quincy.
To'nsure. n.f. [tonfure, Fr. tonfura, Lat.] The a£t of clip¬
ping the hair ; the ftate of being fhorn.
The veftals, after having received the tonfure, fullered
their hair to come again, being here full grown, and gather¬
ed under the veil. Addifon*
Too. adv. [to, Saxon.]
I. Over and above; overmuch ; more than enough. It is ufed
to augment the fignification of an adjedfive or adverb to a
vicious degree.
Groundlefs prejudices and weaknefles of confcience, in¬
ftead of tendernefs, miflead too many others, too many,
otherwife good men. Sprat's Sermons.
Tt is too much to build a do&rine of fo mighty confequence
upon fo obfeure a place of fcripture. Locke.
Thefe ridiculous ftories abide with us too long, and too far
influence the weaker part of mankind. ^Jtts2, It
TOO
2. It is fometimes doubled to encreafe its emphafis; but this
reduplication always Teems harfh, and is therefore laid afide.
Ob, that this too too folid flefh would melt. Shakefpeare.
Sometimes it would be full, and then
Oh! too too Toon decreafe again ;
Eclips’d fometimes, that ’twou’d To fall.
There wou’d appear no hope at all. Suckling.
3. Likewife; alfo.
See what a fcourge is laid upon your hate ;
And I, for winking at your dilcords too.
Have loft a brace of kinfmen. ShakeJp. Romeo and Juliet.
Let on my cup no wars be found,
Left thofe incite to quarrels too.
Which wine itfclf enough can do. Oldham.
The arriving to fuch a difpofition of mind as fhall make a
man take pleaiure in other mens fins, is evident from the text
and from experience too. South's Sermons.
It is better than letting our trade fall for want of current
pledges, and better too than borrowing money of our neigh¬
bours. Locke.
Let thofe eyes that view
The daring crime, behold the vengeance too. Pope.
Took, the preterite, and fometimes the participle pafiive of
take.
, Thy foldiers
All levied in my name, have in my name
Took their difcharge. ShakeJp. King Lear.
He is God in his friendfbip as well as in his nature, and
therefore we finful creatures are not took upon advantages,
nor confumed in our provocations. South's Sermons.
Suddenly the thunder-clap
Took us unprepar’d. Dryden.
The fame device enclofed the afhes of men or boys, maids
or matrons ; for when the thought took, though at firft it re¬
ceived its rife from fuch a particular occafion, the ignorance
of the fculptors applied it promifcuoufly. Addijon.
This took up fome of his hours every day. Spectator.
The riders would leap them over my hand; and one of
the emperor’s hunftmen, upon a large courfer, took my foot,
Ihoe and all. Swtfl'
Leaving Polybus, I took my way
1 To Cyrrha’s temple. Pope s Statius.
Tool, n.f [tol, tool, Saxon.]
1. Any inftrument of manual operation. i
In mulberries the fap is towards the bark only, into which
if you cut a little it will come forth ; but if you pierce it
deeper with a tool it will be dry. Bacon.
Arm’d with fuch gard’ning tools as art, yet rude,
Guiltlefs of fire had form’d. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
The ancients had fome fecret to harden the edges of their
mb. s c Addib
2 A hireling; a wretch who a£ls at the command of another.
He’d choofe
To talk with wits in dirty fhoes ;
And fcorn the tools with ftars and garters, t
So often feen careffing Chartres. . Swift.
To Toot. v. n. [Of this word, in this fenfe, I know not the
derivation : perhaps wean, Saxon, contradted from wpetan,
to know or examine.] To pry; to peep ; to fearch narrowly
and flily. It is ftill ufed in the provinces, otherwife obfolete.
I caft to go a fhooting,
Long wand’ring up and down the land.
With bow and bolts on either hand, ^
For birds and bufties tooting. Spenfer s Pajl.
Tooth, n.f. plural teeth. [w’S, Saxon; tand, Dutch.]
The teeth are the hardeft and fmootheft bones of the body;
they are formed in the cavities of the jaws, and about the
feventh or eighth month after birth they begin to pierce the
edge of the jaw, tear the periofteum and gums, which being
very fenfible create a violent pain : the dentes incifivi, or fore
teeth of the upper jaw, appear firft, and then thofe of the
lower jaw, becaufe they are the thinneft and the fharpeft ;
after them come out the canini or eye teeth, and laft of all
the molares or grinders, becaufe they are thickeft and blunteft .
about the feventh year of age they are thruft out by new
teeth which then begin to fprout, and if thefe teeth be loft
they never grow again ; but fome have been obferved to fhed
their teeth twice : about the one-and-twentieth year the two
laft of the molares fpring up, and they are called dentes fapientice. %HncyAvaunt, you curs!
Re thy mouth or black or white.
Tooth that poifons if it bite. Shakefp. King Lear.
Defert deferves with characters of brafs
A forted rcfidence againft the tooth of time,
And razure of oblivion. Shakefpeare.
7'he teeth alone among the bones continue to grow in
length during a man’s whole life, as appears by the unfightly
length of one tooth when its oppofite happens to be pulled
ijut* Kay on the Creation.
TOO
2. Tafte; palate.
Thefe are not diflies for thy dainty tooth \
What, haft thou got an ulcer in thy mouth ?
Why ftand’ft thou picking ? Dryden.
3. A tine, prong, or blade, of any multifid inftrument.
The priefts fervant came while the flefh was in Teething,
with a flefli hook of three teeth. 1 Sam. ii. 13.
I made an inftrument in fafhion of a comb, whofe teeth,
being in number fixteen, were about an inch and an half
broad, and the intervals of the teeth about two inches v/ide.
Newton s Opticks.
4. The prominent part of wheels, by which they catch upon
correfpondent parts of other bodies.
The edge whereon the teeth are is always made thicker
than the back, becaufe the back follows the edge. Moxon.
In clocks, though the ferews and teeth be never fo fmooth,
yet if they be not oiled will hardly move, though you clog
them with never fo much weight; but apply a little oil they
whirl about very fwiftly with the tenth part of the force. Ray.
5. Tooth and nail. With one’s ulmoft violence; with every
means of attack or defence.
A lion and bear were at tooth and nail which fhould carry
off a fawn. _ L'EJlrange's Fables.
6. To the Teeth. In open oppofition.
It warms the very ficknefs in my heart,
That I fhall live and tell him to his teeth,
Thus diddeft thou. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
The action lies
In his true nature, and we ourfelves compell’d,
Ev’n to the teeth and forehead of our faults.
To give in evidence. Shakefpeare.
The way to our horfes lies back again by the houfe, and
then we fhall meet ’em full in the teeth. Dryden.
7. To caft in the Teeth. To infult by open exprobration.
A wife body’s part it were not to put out his fire, becaufe
his fond and foohfh neighbour, from whom he borrowed
wherewith to kindle it, might cajl him therewith in the teeth,
faying, were it not for me thou wouldft freeze, and not be
able to heat thyfelf. Hooker, b. iv,
8. In fpite of the teeth. Notwithftanding threats expreffed by
fhewing teeth; notwithftanding any power of injury or de¬
fence.
• The guiltinefs of my mind drove the groflnefs of the fop¬
pery into a received belief, in defpight ofthe teeth of all rhime
and reafon, that they were fairies. Shakefpeare.
The only way is not to grumble at the lot they muff bear
in fpite of their teeth. L'FJlrange»
To Tooth, v. a. [from tooth.]
1. To furnifli with teeth; to indent.
Then faws were tooth'd, and founding axes made. Dryd'.
The point hooked down like that of an eagle; and both
the edges toothed, as in the Indian crow. Grew's Mufesum.
Get a pair of tongs like a fmith’s tongs, ftronger and
toothed at the end. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
2. To lock in each other.
It is common to tooth in the ftretching courfe two inches
with the ftretcher only. Moxon's Mech. Exercife.
Tootha'ch. n.f. \tooth and ach.] Pain in the teeth.
There never yet was the philofepher
That could endure the toothach patiently.
However at their eafe they talk’d like gods. Shakefpeare.
He that fleeps feels not the toothach. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
I have the toothach.
——What, figh for the toothach !
Which is but an humour or a worm, Shakefpeare.
One was grown defperate with the toothach. Temple.
To'othdrawer. n.f. [tooth and draw.] One whofe bufineft
is to extract painful teeth.
Nature with Scots, as toothdrawers, hath dealt.
Who ufe to firing their teeth upon their belt. Cleaveland.
When the teeth are to be diflocated, a toothdrawer is con¬
futed. Wifeman's Surgery.
To'othed. adj. [from tooth.] Having teeth.
Toothless, adj. [from tooth.] Wanting teeth; deprived of
teeth.
Deep-dinted wrinkles on her cheek file draws.
Sunk are her eyes, and toothlefs are her jaws. Dryderu
They are fed with flelh minced fmall, having not only a
{harp head and fnout, but a narrow and toothlefs fnout. Ray.
To'othpick. 1 n. f. [tooth and pick.] An inftrument by
To'othpicker. ) which the teeth are cleanfed from any
thing flicking between"them.
I will fetch you a toothpicker from the fartheft inch of Afia,
Shakefp. Much ado about nothing.
He and his toothpick at my worfhip’s mefs. Shakefpeat e.
Preferve my woods, whereof, if this courfe hold, there
will hardly be found in fome places enough to make a tooth-
. > Howels England s Tears.
Lentifck excels; if toothpicks of the lentifek be wanting,
of a quill then make a toothpick. Sandys.
n Lcnuie
TOP
Lentife is a beautiful ever-green, and makes the beft toothpickers. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
To'othsome. adj. [from tooth.] Palatable; plcafing to the
tafte.
Some are good to be eaten while young, but nothing toothfome as they grow old. Carew.
To'othsomeness. n.f. [from toothfome.] Pleafantnefs to the
tafte.
To'othwort. n.f [dentarta, Lat.J A plant.
The toothwort hath a fleftiy root, which is fcaly, and cut
in, as it were, with teeth : the flower confifts of four leaves,
placed in form of a crofs; this is fucceeded by a long pod,
divided into two cells by an intermediate partition, and when
ripe twiftcd up like a fcrew, and difcharges the feeds with
violence. MUkr%
Top. n.f [topp, Welfh; top, Saxon; top, Dutch and Danifli; topper, a creft, Iflandick.J
1. The higheft part of any thing.
I fhould not fee the fandy hour-glafs run,
But I fhould think of {hallows and of flats,
And fee my wealthy Andrew dock’d in fand,
Vailing her high top lower than her ribs. Shakefpeare.
He wears upon his baby brow the round
And top. of fovereignty. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Here Sodom’s tow’rs raife their proud tops on high,
The tow’rs as well as men outbrave the fky. Cowley.
Thou nor on the top of old Olympus dwell’ft. Milton.
That government which takes in the confent of the greateft
number of the people, may juftly be faid to have the broadeft
bottom ; and if it terminate in the authority of one Angle
perfon, it may be faid to have the narroweft top, and fo
makes the firmed pyramid. Temple.
Syfiphus no fooner carries his done up to the top of the
hill but it tumbles to the bottom. Addfon,
So up the fteepy hill with pain
The weighty ftone is rowl’d in vain ;
Which having touch’d the top recoils.
And leaves the labourer to renew his toils. Granville.
Marine bodies are found upon hills, and at the bottom
only fuch as have fallen down from their tops. Woodward.
2. The furface ; the fuperficies.
Plants that draw much nourifhment from the earth hurt
all things that grow by them, efpecially fuch trees as fpread
their roots near the top of the ground. ’ Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
Shallow brooks that flow’d fo clear.
The bottom did the top appear. Dryden,
3. The higheft place.
He that will not fet himfelf proudly at the top of all things,
but will confider the immenfity of this fabrick, may think,
that in other manfions there may be other and different intel¬
ligent beings. Locke.
What muft he exped ,when he feeks for preferment, but
univerfal oppofition, when he is mounting the ladder, and
every hand ready to turn him off when he is at the top ? Sw,
4. The higheft perfon.
How would you be.
If he, which is the top of judgment, fhould
But judge you as you are ? Shakefp. Meaf for Meafure.
5. The utmoft degree.
Zeal being the top and perfection of fo many religious af¬
fections, the caufes of it muft be moft eminent. Sprat.
If you attain the top of your defires in fame, all thofe who
envy you will do you harm; and of thofe who admire you
few will do you good. Pope.
The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Pope.
6. The higheft rank.
Take a boy from the top of a grammar fchool, and one of
the fame age bred in his father’s family, and bring them into
good company together, and then fee which of the two will
have the more manly carriage. Locke on Education,
7. The crown of the head.
All the ftor’d vengeance of heaven fall
On her ingrateful top ! Shakefp. King Lear.
Arm d, fay you ?
-Arm’d, my lord.
From top to toe? Sbakefptar,.
1 is a per lous boy.
Bold,'quick, ingenious, forward, capable;
He's all the mother’s from the top to toe. Shakefpeare.
S. The hair on the crown of the head; the forelock.
Let’s take the inftant by the forward top;
For we are old, and on our quick’ft decrees
Th’ inaudible and noifelefs foot of time
Steals, ere we can effect them. Shakefpeare.
1 he head of a plant.
The buds made our food are called heads or tops; as cab¬
bage heads. * Watts's Logick.
JO. [Top, Danifh.] An inverted conoid which children fet to
turn on the point, continuing its motion with a whip.
Since I pluckt geefe, play’d truant, and whipt top, I knew
not what it was to be beaten till lately. Shakefpeare.
TOP
For as whipp’d tops, and bandied balls.
The learned hold, are animals:
So horfes they affirm to be
Mere engines made by geometry. Hudibras, p. i-,
As young ftriplings whip the top for fport
On the finooth pavement of an empty court.
The wooden engine flies and whirls about.
Admir’d with clamours of the beardlefs rout. Dryden.
Still humming on their drowfy courfe they keep.
And lafh’d fo long, like tops, are lafli’d afleep. Pope,
A top may be ufed with propriety in a fimilitude by a Vir¬
gil, when the fun may be difhonoured by a Mzevius. Broome.
11. Top is fometimes ufed as an adjedive to exprefs lying on
the top, or being at the top.
The top ftones laid in clay are kept together. Mortimer.
To Top. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To rife aloft; to be eminent.
i hofe long ridges of lofty and topping mountains which
run Eaft and Weft, flop the evagation of the vapours to the
North and South in hot countries. Derham's Phyfico-Theol,
Some of the letters diftinguifh themfelves from the reft,
and top it over their fellows ; thefe are to be confidered as
letters and as cyphers. Addfon on ancient Medals.
2. To predominate.
The thoughts of the mind are uninterruptedly employed
by the determinations of the will, influenced by that topping
uneafinefs while it lafts. Locke.
3. To do his beft.
But write thy beft and top, and in each line
Sir Formal’s oratory will be thine. Dryden.
To Top. v. a.
To cover on the top; to tip; to defend or decorate with
fomething extrinfick on the upper part.
The glorious temple rear’d
Her pile, far off appearing like a mount
Of alabafter, topp'd with golden fpires. Milton's Par. Reg.
To him the faireft nymphs do {how
Like moving mountains topt with fnow. Waller.
There are other churches in the town, and two or three
palaces, which are of a more modern make, and built with
a good fancy; I was ftiown the little notre dame; that is
handfomely defigned, and topp'd with a cupola. Addifon.
Top the bank with the bottom of the ditch. Mortimer.
2. To rife above.
A gourd planted clofe by a large pine, climbing by the
boughs twined about them, till it topped and covered the tree,
L'EJlrange,
3. To outgo; to furpafs.
He’s poor in no one fault, but ftor’d with all.
——Efpecially, in pride.
*——And topping all others in boafting. Shakefpeare,
So far he topp'd my thought.
That I in forgery of fhapes and tricks
Come fliort of what he did. Shakefpeare.
I am, cries the envious, of the fame nature with the reft;
why then fhould fuch a man top me ? where there is equality
of kind, there fhould be no diftindion of privilege. Collier.
4. To crop.
Top your rofe trees a little with your knife near a leaf
kud. Evelyn's Kalendar,
5. To rife to the top of.
If ought obftrud thy courfe, yet ftand not ftill.
But wind about till thou haft topp’d the hill. Denham.
6. To perform eminently : as, he tops his part. This word, in
this fenfe, is feldom ufed but on light or ludicrous occafions.
To'pful. adj. [top andfull.'] Full to the top; full to the
brim.
Fill me, from the crown to the toe, topful
Of dired cruelty. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
’Tis wonderful
What may be wrought out of their difeontent;
Now that their fouls are topful of offence. Shakefpeare.
Till a confiderable part of the air was drawn out of the
receiver, the tube continued topful of water as at firft. Boyle»
One was ingenious in his thoughts and bright in his lan¬
guage ; but fo topful of himfelf, that he let it fpill on all the
company, Watts’s Improvement of the Mind, p. i.
Fill the largeft tankard-cup topfull. Swift.
Topga'lLant. n.f. [top and gallant.]
1. The higheft fail.
2. It is proverbially applied to any thing elevated*
A rofe grew out of another, like honeyfuckles, called top
and topgallants. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl, N°. 646.
I dare appeal to the confidences of topgallant fparks. L’Ejlr.
Tophe'avy. adj. [top and heavy.] Having the upper part too
weighty for the lower. r
A roof fhould not be too heavy nor too lioht; but of the
two extremes a houfe topheavy is the worft. Wotton's Arch.
Topheavy drones, and always looking down,
As over-ballafted within the crown,
Mutt ring betwixt their lips fome myftick thing. Dryden.
26 Q, As
T O P TOR
As to flifi gales topheavy pines bov.' low
Their heads, and lift them as they ceafe to blow. Pope.
To'pknot. n.f. [top and knot.] A knot worn by women on
the top of the head.
This arrogance amounts to the pride of an afs in his trap¬
pings ; when ’tis but his mailer’s taking away his topknot to
make an afs of him again. L'Ejirange.
To'pman. n.f. [top and man.] The fawer at the top.
The pit-faw enters the one end of the fluff, the topman at
the top, and the pitman under him, the topman obferving to
guide the faw exaClly in the line. Moxon's Mech. Exercife.
To'pmost. n.f. [An irregular fuperlative formed from top.]
Uppermofl; higheft.
A fwarm of bees.
Unknown from whence they took their airy flight.
Upon the topmoji branch in clouds alight. Dryden s JEn.
From fleep to fleep the troops advanc’d with pain.
In hopes at lafl the topmoji cliff to gain ;
But flill by new afcents the mountain grew.
And a frefh toil prefented to their view. Addifon.
Men pil’d on men with a&ive leaps arife.
And build the breathing fabrick to the fkies ;
A fprightly youth above the topmoji row,
Points the tall pyramid, and crowns the fhow. Addifon.
Toppro'ud. adj. [top and proud.] Proud in the higheft degree.
This top-proud fellow.
By intelligence I do know
"1 o be corrupt and treafonous. Shakefpeare.
Topsa'il. n.f [top and fail.] The higheft fail.
Contarenus meeting with the Turk’s gallies, which would
not vail their topfails, fiercely affailed them. Knolles.
Strike, flrike the topfail ; let the main-fheet fly,
And furl your fails. Dryden s Fables.
TOPA'RCH. n.f. [roV^ and The principal man in
a place.
They are not to be conceived potent monarchs, but toparchs, or kings of narrow territories. Brown's Vulgar Err.
To'parchy. n.f. [from toparch.] Command in a fmall diflridl.
To'paz. n.f. [topafe, Fr. topazius, low Lat.J A yellow gem.
The golden Hone is the yellow topaz. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
Can blazing carbuncles with her compare ?
The tophas fent from fcorched Meroe ?
Or pearls prefented by the Indian fea ? Sandys’s Paraph.
With light’s own fmile the yellow topaz burns. Thomfon.
To TOPE. v. n. [topf, German, an earthen pot; toppen,
Dutch, to be mad. Skinner prefers the latter etymology ;
toper, Fr.] To drink hard ; to drink to excefs.
If you tope in form and treat, ]
’Tis the four fauce to the fweet meat, >
The fine you pay for being great. Dryden. j
To'per. n.f. [from tope.] A drunkard.
Topha'ceous. adj. [from tophus, Lat.] Gritty; ftony.
Acids mixed with them precipitate a tophaceous chalky
matter, but not a cheefy fubflance. Arbuthnot.
Tophet. n.f [.nfln Heb. a drum.] Hell; a fcriptural name.
The pleafant valley of Hinnom, tophet thence
And black Gehenna called, the type of hell. Milton.
Fire and darknefs are here mingled with all- other ingre¬
dients that make that tophet prepared of old. Burnet.
To'pical. adj. [from toVt^.J
1. Relating to fome general head.
2. Local; confined to fome particular place.
An argument from authority is but a weaker kind of
proof; it being but a topical probation, and an inartificial ar¬
gument, depending on naked affeveration. Brown.
Evidences of fa£t can be no more than topical and pro¬
bable. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
3. Applied medicinally to a particular part.
A woman, with fome unufual hemorrhage, is only to be
cured by topical remedies. Arbuthnot.
Topically, adv. [from topical.] With application to fome
particular part.
This topically applied becomes a phaenigmus, or rubifying
medicine, and is of fuch fiery parts, that they have of themfelves conceived fire and burnt a houfe. Brown's Vulgar Err.
I O'PICK. n.f. [topique, Fr. to7t0\]
1 • A general head; fomething to which other things are re¬
ferred.
Let them argue over all the topicks of divine goodnefs and
human weaknefs, and whatfoever other pretences finking Tin¬
ners catch at to fave themfelves by, yet how trifling muff be
their plea ! South's Sermons.
I might dilate on the difficulties, the temper of the people,
the power, arts, and interefl of the contrary party; but
thofe are invidious topicks, too green in remembrance. Dryd.
1 he pnncipal branches of preaching are, to tell the people
what is their duty, and then convince them that it is fo : the
topicks for both are brought from fcripture and reafon. Swift.
All arts and fciences have fome general fubje&s, called
topicks, or common places; becaufe middle terms are bor¬
rowed, and arguments derived from them for the proof of
their various propofitions. Watts's Logick.
2. 1 hings as are externally applied to any particular part.
In the cure of flrumae, the topicks ought to be difcutient.
JVifeman's Surgery.
To'pless. adj. [from top.] Having no top.
He Cent abroad his voice,
Which Pallas far off echo’d ; who did betwixt them hoife
Shrill tumult to a toplefs height. Chapman's Iliad.
Topo'grapher. n.f. and ypoiftw.] One who writes
dcfcriptions of particular places.
Topography, n.f. [topographic, Fr. and yoolpco.]
Defcription of particular places.
That philofophy gives the exa&cft topography of the extramundane fpaces. Glanville's Seep.
The topography of Sulmo in the Latin makes but an aukward figure in the verfion. Cromwell.
To'pping. adj. [from top.] Fine; noble; gallant. Alow
word.
The topping fellow I take to be the anceflor of the Tine fel¬
low. Tatler.
To'ppingly. adj. [fromtopping.] Fine; gay; gallant; fhewy.
An obfolete word.
Thefe toppinglie ghefls be in number but ten,
As welcome to dairie as beares among men. Fuffer.
To To'pple. v. n. [from top.] To fall forward; to tumble
down.
Though bladed corn be lodged and trees blown down;
Though caftles topple on their warders heads. Shakefpeare.
The wifefl aunt telling the faddefl tale.
Sometime for three-foot flool miflaketh me;
Then flip I from her quite, down topples {he. Shakefpeare.
Topsytu'rvy. adv. [This Skinner fancies to top in turf]
With the bottom upward.
All fuddenly was turned topfyturvy, the noble lord eftfoons
was blamed, the wretched people pitied, and new counfels
plotted. Spenfer on Ireland.
If we without his help can make a head
To puflh againfl the kingdom ; with his help
We fhall o’erturn it topfyturvy down. Shakefp. Henry IV.
God told man what was good, but the devil furnamed it
evil, and thereby turned the world topfy-turvy, and brought
a new chaos upon the whole creation. South's Sermons.
Man is but a topfyturvy creature; his head where his heels
fhould be, grovelling on the earth. Swift,
Tor. n.f [top, Saxon.]
I. A tower ; a turret
Milton.
Dryden.
Dryden.
2. A high pointed rock or hill, whence tor in the initial fyllable
of fome local names.
Torch, n.f [torche, French; torcia, Italian ; intortitium, low
Latin.] A wax light generally fuppofed to be bigger than a
candle.
_ Bafilius knew, by the walling of the torches, that the
night alfo was far walled. Sidney.
Here lies the dufky torch of Mortimer,
Choak’d with ambition of the meaner fort. Shakefpeare.
They light the nuptial torch, and bid invoke
Hymen.
Never was known a night of fuch diffraction j
Noife fo confus’d and dreadful: torches gliding
Like meteors, by each other in the llreets.
I’m weary of my part;
My torch is out; and the world Hands before me
Like a black defart at th’ approach of night. y_
To'rchbearer. n.f. [torch and bear.] One whofe office is to
carry a torch.
He did in a genteel manner chaflife their negligence, with
making them, for that night, the torchbearers. Sidney, b. i.
To'rchlight. n.f. [torch and light.] Light kindled to fupply
the want of the fun.
When the emperor Charles had clafped Germany
in his fill, he was forced to go from Ifburg, and, as
malk, by torchlight, to quit every foot he had gotten.
If thou like a child didll fear before,
Being in the dark, where thou didfl nothing fee ;
Now I have brought thee torchlight fear no more. Davies.
To'rcher. n.f [from torch.] One that gives light.
Ere the horfes of the fun fhall bring
Their fiery torcher his diurnal ring. Shakefpeare.
Tore, preterite, and fomedmes participle paffive of tear.
Upon his head an old Scotch cap he wore,
With a plume feather all to pieces tore. Spenfer.
Tore. v. a. [Of this word I cannot guefs the meaning.J
Proportion according to rowen or tore upon the ground ;
the more tore the lefs hay will do. Mortimer s Hufoandry.
To Torme'nt. n.f. [tourmenter, Fr.]
I. To put to pain; to harrafs with anguilh ; to excruciate.
No deep dole up that deadly eye of thine,
Unlefs it be while fome tormenting dream
Affrights thee with a hell of ugly devils. Shakefpeare.
almoll
if in a
Bacon.
I am glad to be conllrain’d to utter what
Torments me to conceal. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Art
TOR
Art thou come to torment us before the time ? Mat. viii.
1. lo teaze ; to vex with importunity.
3. To put into great agitation, [tormerite, Fr. a great ftorm.]
They foaring on main wing
Tormented all the air. Milton.
TO'RMENT. n. f. [tourment, French.]
1. Any thing that gives pain.
rJ hey brought unto him all ficlc people that were taken
with divers difeafes and torments, and he healed them. Mat.
1. Pain ; mifery ; anguilh.
3. Pena! anguilh; torture.
No prifoners there, inforc’d by torments, cry ;
But fearlcfs by their old tormentors lie. Sandys's Paraph.
Not {harp revenge, not hell itfelf can find
A fiercer torment than a guilty mind,
Which day and night doth dreadfully accufe,
Condemns the wretch, and ftill the charge renews. Dryd.
Torme'ntor. n. f. [from torment.]
j. One who torments; one who gives pain.
He called to me for fuccour, dellring me at leaft to kill
him, to deliver him from thofe tormentors. Sidney, h. ii.
Let his tormenter confcience find him out. Milton.
The commandments of God being conformable to the
dilates of right reafon, man’s judgment condemns him when
lie violates any of them ; and l'o the finner becomes his own
tormentor. South's Sermons.
2. One who infli&s penal tortures.
No prifoners there, enforc’d by torments, cry.
But fearlefs by their old tormentors lie. Sandys on yob.
Hadft thou full pow’r to kill,
Or meafure out his torments by thy will;
Yet, what could’il: thou, tormentor, hope to gain.
Thy lofs continues unrepaid by pain. Drydcn's fuv.
The ancient martyrs palled through fuch new inventions
and varieties of pain as tired their tormentors. Addifon.
To'rmentil. n.f. [tormentille, Fr. tormentilla, Lat.j Septfoil. A plant.
The root has been ufed for tanning of leather, and account¬
ed the beft aftringent in the whole vegetable kingdom. Miller.
Refrefh the fpirits externally by fome epithemata of balm,
buglofs, with the powder of the roots of torment'd. JVifeman.
Torn, part. palT. of tear.
Ye fhall not eat any flefh that is torn of beafts. Exod. xxii.
Torna'do. n.f. [tornado, Spanilh.] A hurricane ; a whirl¬
wind.
Nimble corufcations ftrike the eye,
And bold tornado's, blufter in the fky. Garth.
TORPE'DO. n.f. [Lat.j A filh which while alive, if touched
even with a long flick, benumbs the hand that fo touches it,
but when dead is eaten fafely.
To'rpent. adj. [torpeus, Latin.] Benumbed ; ftruck motionlefs ; not aCtive ; incapable of motion.
A comprehenfive expedient to aflift the frail and torpent
memory through fo multifarious an employment. Evelyn.
To'rpid. adj. [torpidus, Latin.] Numbed 5 motionlefs; fluggjfh ; not aCtive.
Without heat all things would be torpid and without mo¬
tion. Ray on the Creation.
The fun awakes the torpid fap. Thomfon's Spring.
To'rpidness. n.f. [from torpid.] The ftate of being torpid.
Though the object about which it is exercifed be poor,
little, and low, yet a man hath this advantage by the exercife of this faculty about it, that it keeps it from reft and
torjidnefs, it enlargeth and habituates it for a due improve¬
ment even about nobler objects. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
To'rpitude. n. f. [from torpid.] State of being motionlefs ;
numbnefs; fluggifhnefs.
Some, in their moft perfedt ftate, fubfift in a kind of torpitude or deeping ftate. Derham.
TO'RPOR. n.f. [Latin.] Dulnefs; numbnefs; inability to
move ; dulnefs of fenfation.
Motion difeuffes the torpor of folid bodies, which, befide
their motion of gravity, have in them a natural appetite not
to move at all. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N°. 763.
T orr efa'ction. n. f [torrefadlion, Fr. torrefacio, Latin.]
The aift of drying by the fire.
When torrefied fulphur makes bodies black, why does torrefafiion make lulphur itfelf black. Boyle on Colours.
If it have not a fufficient infolation it looketh pale ; if it
be funned too long it fuffereth torrefattion. Brown.
To 1 o'RREFY. v. a. [torrifer, Fr. torrefacio, Lat.] To dry
by the fire.
In the fulphur of bodies tonified confift the principles of
inflammability. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The Africans are more peculiarly fcorched and torrefied
from the fun by addition of drynefs from the foil. Brown.
Divers learned men aflign, for the caufe of blacknefs, the
footy fteam of aduft, or torrefied fulphur. Boyle on Colours.
Torrefied fulphur makes bodies black ; I defire to know
why torrefadtion makes fulphur itfelf black ? Boyle.
Another clifter is compofed of two heminae of white wine,
TOR
half a hemina of honey, -/Egyptian nitre torrefied a qua¬
drant. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To'rrent. n.f. [torrent, Fr. torrens, Lat.]
1. A fudden flream railed by fummer ftiowers.
, The near in blood, , .
Forfake me like the torrent of a flood. Sandys 'on fobo
Will no kind flood, no friendly rain,
Difguife the marfhal’s plain difgrace;
No torrents fwell the low Mohayne,
The world will fay he durft not pals. Prior".
2. A violent and rapid ftream ; tumultuous current.
Not far from Caucafus are certain fteep falling torrentr,
which walh down many grains of gold, as in many other
parts of the world ; and the people there inhabiting ufe to
fet many fleeces of wool in thefe defeents of waters, in which
the grains of gold remain, and the water pafleth through;
which Strabo witnefleth to be true. Raleigh.
The memory of thofe who, out of duty and confcience,
oppofed that torrent which did overwhelm them, fhould not
lofe the recompence due to their virtue. Clarendon.
When {hrivell’d herbs on with’ring ftems decay, '
The wary ploughman, on the mountain’s brow,
Undams his wat’ry ftores, huge torrents flow,
Temp’ring the thirfty fever of the field. Dryden's Georg.
Erafmus, that great injur’d name,
Stemm’d the wild torrent of a barb’rous age. Pope.
To'rrent. adj. [torrens, Lat.] Rolling in a rapid ftream. >
Fierce Phlegeton,
Whofe waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. Milton.
To'rrid. adj. [torride, Fr. torridus, Lat.]
1. Parched ; dried with heat.
Galen’s commentators mention a twofold drynefs ; the one
concomitated with a heat, which they call a torrid tabes;
the other with a coldnefs, when the parts are confumed
through extinction of their native heat. Harvey on Confump.
2. Burning j violently hot.
This with torrid heat,
And vapours as the Libyan air aduft.
Began to parch that temperate clime. Milton's Par. Lofl.
3* It is particularly applied to the regions or zone between the
tropicks.
Columbus firft
Found a temp’rate in a torrid zone;
The fev’rilh air fann’d by a cooling breeze. Dryden.
Thofe who amidft the torrid regions live.
May they not gales unknown to us receive ?
See daily Ihow’rs rejoice the thirfty earth.
And blefs the flow’ry buds fucceeding birth. Prior.
To'rsel. n.f. [torfe, Fr.] Any thing in a twifted form.
When you lay any timber on brickwork, as torfels for
mantle trees to lie on, or lintols over windows, lay them in
loam. Moxon’s Mech. Exercifes.
To'rsion. n.f [torfio, Lat.] The a£t of turning or twilling.
Tort, n.f {tort, Fr. torium, low Latin.] Mifchief; injury;
calamity. Obfolete.
Then gan triumphant trumpets found on high,
1 hat fent to heaven the echoed report
Of their new joy, and happy viTory
Againft him that had been long oppreft with tort,
And faft imprifoned in fieged fort. Fa. £>u. b. i.
He dreadlefs bad them come to court.
For no wild beafts fhould do them any tort. Spenfer.
Your difobedience and ill managing
Of aClions, loft for want of due fupport.
Refer I juftly to a further fpring,
Spring of fedition, ftrife, oppreffion, tort. Fairfax, b. i.
To'rtile. n.f. [tortilis, Lat.] Twifted; wreathed.
To'rtion. n.f. [from tortus, Latin.] Torment; pain. Not
in ufe.
All purgers have a raw fpirit or wind, which is the prin¬
cipal caufe of tortion in the ftomach and belly. Bacon.
To'rtious. adj. [from tort.~\ Injurious; doing wrong. Spenf.
To'rtive. adj. [from tortus, Lat.] Twifted; wreathed.
Knots by the conflux of meeting fap,
Infedt the found pine, and divert his grain
Tortive and errant from his courfe of growth. Shakefpeare.
To'rtoise. n. f. [tortue, French.]
1. An animal covered with a hard {hell: there are tortoifes
both of land and water.
In his needy {hop a tortoife hung,
An alligator ftuft.. > Shakefpeare.
A living tortoife being turned upon its back, not being able
to make ufe of its paws for the returning of itfelf, becaufe
they could only bend towards the belly, it could help itfelf
only by its neck and head ; fometimes one fide, fometimes
another, by puftiing againft the ground, to rock itfelf as in a
cradle, to find out where the inequality of the ground might
permit it to roll its {hell. on tpe Creation.
2. A form into which the ancient foldiers ufed to throw their
troops, by bending down and holding their bucklers above
their heads fo that no darts could hurt them.
Their
T O S
Their targets in a tortoife call, the foes
Secure advancing, to the turrets rofe. Dryden's /En.
Tortuo'sity. n,f [from tortuous.] Wreath; flexure.
l^hefe the midwife contriveth unto a knot clofe unto the
body of the infant, from whence enfueth that tortuofity, or
complicated nodolity, called the navel. Brown s Vulgar Err.
To'rtuOus. adj. [tortueux, Fr. from tortuofus, tortus, Lat.]
I* Twilled ; wreathed ; winding.
So vary’d he, and of his tortuous train
Curl’d many a wanton wreath. Milton.
Aqueous vapours, like a dry wind, pafs through fo long
and tortuous a pipe of lead. Boyle.
2.Mifchievous. [Thus I explain it, on fuppofition that it is
derived from tort, wrong; but it may mean crooked: as we
fay, crooked ways for bad practices, crooked being regularly
enough oppoflte to right. This in fome copies is tortious,
and therefore from tort.]
Ne ought he car’d whom he endamaged
By tortuous wrong, or whom bereav’d of right. Fa. ^u.
To'rture. n.f [torture, Fr. tortura, Lat.]
1. Torments judicially inflicted; pain by which guilt is punifhed, or confeffion extorted.
Hecate
Then led me trembling through thofe dire abodes,
And taught the tortures of th’ avenging gods. Dryden.
2. Pain; anguifh ; pang.
Better be with the dead,
Than on the torture of the mind to lie
In reftlefs extafy. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Ghaftly fpafm or racking torture. Milton.
To To'rture. v. a. [from the noun.]
2. To punifh with tortures.
Hipparchus my enfranchis’d bondman,
He may at pleafure whip, or hang, or torture. Shakefpeare.
The fcourgi inexorable and the torturing hour. Milton.
2. To vex ; to excruciate ; to torment.
Still muft I cnerifh the dear, fad remembrance
At once to torture, and to pleafe my foul. Addifon's Cato.
3. To keep on the ftretch.
The bow tortureth the firing continually, and thereby
holdeth it in a continual trepidation. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
To'rturer. n.f. [fromtorture.] He who tortures; tormenter.
I play the torturer by finall and fmall.
To lengthen out the worft that muft be fpoken. Shakefp.
When king Edward the fecond was amongft his torturers,
the more to difgrace his face, they fhaved him, and wafhed
him with cold water; the king faid, well, yet I will have
warm water, and fo fhed abundance of tears. Bacon's Apoph.
Turning our tortures into horrid arms
Againft the torturer. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ii.
To'rvity. n.f. [torvitas, Lat.] Sournefs; feverity of coun¬
tenance.
To'rvous. adj. [torvus, Lat.] Sour of afpe£t; ftern; fevere
of countenance.
That torvous four look produced by anger, and that gay
and pleafing countenance accompanying love. JDerham.
T'ory. n.f. [A cant term, derived, I fuppofe, from an Irifh
word fignifying a favage.] One who adheres to the antient
conftitution of the ftate, and the apoftolical hierarchy of the
church of England, oppofed to a whig.
The knight is more a tory in the country than the town,
becaufe it more advances his intereft. Addifon.
To confound his hated coin, all parties and religions join
whigs, tones. Swift.
To Tose. v. n. [Of the fame original with teize.] To comb
wool.
To Toss. v. a. [taffen, Dutch; tajfer, French, to accumu¬
late ; Minjhew. Gtuxrou, to dance ; Meric Cafaubon. Tofen,
German, to make a noife; Skinner: perhaps from to us, a
word ufed by thofe who would have any thing thrown to
them.]
1. To throw with the hand, as a ball at play.
With this fhe feem’d to play, and as in fport,
Tofs'd to her love in prefence of the court. Dryden.
A fhepherd diverted himfelf with toffing up eggs and catch¬
ing them again. Addifon.
2. To throw with violence.
Back do I tofs thefe treafons to thy head. Shakefpeare.
Vulcano’s difeharge forth with the fire not only metallick
and mineral matter but huge ftones, toffing them up to a very
great height in the air. Woodward's Nat. Hijl. p. iv.
3. To lift with a hidden and violent motion.
Behold how they tofs their torches on high.
How they point to the Perfian abodes. Dryden.
I call’d to flop him, but in vain:
He tojl his arm aloft, and proudly told me,
He would not flay. Addifon's Cato.
So talk too idle buzzing thin°s;
Tofs up their heads, and ftrctch their wings. Prior.
4. To agitate; to put into violent motion.
The getting of treafures by a lying tongue is a vanity tojfed
to and fro. Prov. xxi. 6.
T O T
Things will have their firft or fecond agitation ; if they
be not tojfed upon the arguments of counfel, they will be
tojfed upon the waves of fortune, and be full of inconftancy,
doing and undoing. Bacon's EJfays.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers tojl,
And flutter’d into rags. Milton.
I have made feveral voyages upon the fea, often been tojfed
in ftorms. Addifon's Sped/. N°. 489.
5. To make reftlefs; to difquiet.
She did love the knight of the red crofs,
For whofe dear fake fo many troubles her did tofs. F. Sjht.
Calm region once,
. And full of peace, now tojl and turbulent. Milton.
6. To keep in play; to tumble over.
That fcholar fhould come to a better knowledge in the
Latin tongue than moft do, that fpend four years in toffing all
the rules of grammar in common fchools. Afcham.
To Toss. v. n.
1. To fling; to winch ; to be in violent commotion.
Dire was the toffing ! deep the groans ! defpair
Tended the fick, bufieft from couch to couch. Milton.
Galen tells us of a woman patient of his whom he found
very weak in bed, continually toffing and tumbling from one
fide to another, and totally deprived of her reft. Harvey.
To tofs and fling, and to be reftlefs, only frets and enrages
our pain. Tillotjon.
And thou, my fire, not deftin’d by thy birth.
To turn to duft and mix with common earth,
How wilt thou tofs and rave, and long to die.
And quit thy claim to immortality. Addifon's Ovid.
2. To be tolled.
Your mind is toffing on the fea.
There where your argofies
Do overpeer the petty traffickers. Shake/peare.
3. To Toss up. To throw a coin into the air, and wager on
what fide it fhall fall.
I’d try if any pleafure could be found.
In toffing up for twenty thoufand pound. Brampjlon.
Toss, n.f [from the verb.]
1. The a£t of toffing.
The difeus that is to be feen in the hand of the celebrated
Caftor at Don Livio’s is perfectly round; nor has it any
thing like a fling fattened to it, to add force to the tofs. Add.
2. An affeCted manner of raifing the head.
His various modes from various fathers follow;N
One taught the tofs, and one the new French wallow :
His fword-knot this, his cravat that defign’d. Dryden.
There is hardly a polite fentence in the following dialogues
which doth not require fome fuitable tofs of the head. Szvift.
To'ssel. n.f. See Tassel.
Tie at each lower corner a handful of hops with a piece
of packthread to make a toffel, by which you may conve¬
niently lift the bag when full. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
To'sser. n.f. [from, tofs.] One who throws; one who flings
and writhes.
To'sspot. n.f. [tofs and pot.] A toper and drunkard.
Tost, preterite and part. pafT. of tofs.
In a troubled fea of paffion tojl. Milton.
To'tal. adj. [totus, Lat. total, Fr.]
1. Whole; complete; full.
They fet and rife ;
Left total darknefs fhould by night regain
Her old pofleffion, and extinguifh life. Milton.
If all the pains that, for thy Britain’s fake.
My paft has took, or future life may take.
Be grateful to my queen ; permit my pray’r.
And with this gift reward my total care. Prior.
2. Whole ; not divided.
Either to undergo
Myfelf the total crime ; or to accufe
My other-felf, the partner of my life. Miltons Par. Lojl.
Tota'lity. n.f. [totalite,ldx.] Complete fum; whole quan¬
tity.
To'tally. adv. [from total.] Wholly; fully; completely.
The found interpreters expound this image of God, of na¬
tural reafon ; which, if it be totally or moftly defaced, the
right of government doth ceafe. Bacon's holy War.
Charity doth not end with this world, but goes along with
us into the next, where it will be perfected : but faith and
hope fhall then totally fail; the one being changed into fight,
the other into enjoyment. Atterbury s Sermons.
T’o'ther, contracted for the other.
To Totter, v. n. [tateren, to flagger, Dutch.] To fhake
fo as to threaten a fall.
What news, in this our tott'ring ftate ?
—It is a reeling world indeed, my lord;
And I believe will never ftand upright. Shakefpeare.
As a bowing wall fhall ye be, and as a tottering fence. Pjal.
The foes already have poflefs’d the wall,
Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden.
Tc'ttery.
4
T O U
To'ttery. \ adj. [from totter.] Shaking; unfteady; dizzy.
To'tty. 5 Neither of thofe words is ufed.
Siker thy head very tottie is,
So on thy corbe fhoulder it leans amide. Spenfir’s Pfijl.
To Touch, v. a. [toucher, Fr. tactfen, Dutch.]
1. To reach with any thing, fo as that there be no fpace be¬
tween the thing reached and the thing brought to it.
He fo light was at legerdemain,
That what he touch’d came not to light again. Spenfer.
Ye (hall not eat nor touch it left ye die. Gen. iii. 3.
He brake the withs as a thread of tow is broken when it
toucheth the fire. _ Judg. xvi. 9.
2. To come to ; to attain.
He that is begotten of God keepeth himfclf, and that
wicked one toucheth him not. 1 John v. 18.
Their impious folly dar’d to prey
On herds devoted to the god of day;
The god vindictive doom’d them never more.
Ah men unblefs’d ! to touch that natal fhore. Pope's Odyf.
3. To try as gold with a ftone.
When I have fuit.
Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed.
It (hall be full of poize and difficulty.
And fearful to be granted. Shakefpeare's Othello.
4. To affect; to relate to.
In ancient times was publickly read firft the feripture, as,
namely, fomething out of the books of the prophets of God ;
fome things out of the apoftles writings; and, laftly, out of
the holy evangelifts fome things which touched the perfon of
our lord Jefus Chrift. Hooker, b. v.
The quarrel toucheth none but us alone ;
Betwixt ourfelves let us decide it then. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
What of fweet
Hath touch’d my fenfe, flat feems to this. Milton.
5. To move ; to ftrike mentally ; to melt.
I was fenfibly touched with that kind impreffion. Congreve.
The tender fire was touch’d with what he laid,
And flung the blaze of glories from his head.
And bid the youth advance. Addijon’s Ovid.
6. To delineate or mark out.
Nature affords at leaft a glimm’ring light:
The lines, though touch’d but faintly, are drawn right.
Pope.
7. To cenfure ; to animadvert upon.
Dodtor Parker, in his fermon before them, touched them
for their living fo near, that they went near to touch him for
his life. t Hayward.
8. To infedt; to feize flightly.
Peftilent difeafes are bred in the Summer; otherwife thofe
touched are in mod danger in the Winter. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
9. To bite ; to wear ; to have an effedt on.
Its face muff: be very flat and fmootb, and fo hard, that a
file will not touch it, as fmiths fay, when a file will not eat,
or race it. Moxon’s Mech. Exercife.
10. To ftrike a mufical inftrument.
They touch’d their golden harps, and prais’d. Milton.
One dip the pencil, and one touch the lyre. Pope.
11. To influence by impulfe; to impel forcibly.
No decree of mine.
To touch with lighted: moment of impulfe
His free will. _ Milton.
12. To treat of perfundtorily.
This thy laft reafoning words touch’d only. Milton.
13. To Touch up. To repair, or improve by flight ftrokes,
or little emendations.
What he faw was only her natural countenance touched up
with the ufual improvements of an aged coquette. Addifon.
To Touch, v. n. »
1. To be in a ftate of jundlion fo that no fpace is between
them.
2. To fallen on; to take effedl on.
Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold that
will not touch upon filver. Bacon.
3.. To Touch at. To come to without ftay.
The next day we touched at Sidon. Adis xxvii. 3.
Oh fail not to touch at Peru ;
With gold there our veffel we’ll ftore. Cowley.
Civil law and hiftory are ftudies which a gentleman fhould
not barely touch at, but conftantly dwell upon. Locke.
A filhmonger lately touched at Hammerfmith. Spectator.
4. To Touch on. To mention flightly.
The {hewing by what fteps knowledge comes into our
minds, it may fuffice to have only touched on. Locke.
It is an ufe no-body has dwelt upon; if the antiquaries
have touched upon it they immediately quitted it. Addijon.
5. To Touch on or upon. Togo for a very ftiort time.
He touched upon the Moluccoes. Abbot’s Def. of the World.
Which monfters, left the Trojan’s pious hoft
Should bear, or touch upon th’ inchanted coaft.
Propitious Neptune fteer’d their courfe by night. Dryden.
I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the
fevcral towns that lie on its coafts. Addijon on Italy.
T O U
6.To Touch on or upon. To mention flightly.
It is impoflible to make observations in art or fcience which
have not been touched upon by others. Adclifon’s Spectator,
Touch, n.f [from the noun.]
1. Reach of any thing fo that there is no fpace between the
things reaching and reached.
2. 'I’he fenie of feeling.
O dear fon Edgar,
Might I but live to fee thee in my touch.
I’d fay, I had eyes again. Shakefp. King Lear:
The fpirit of wine, or chemical oils, which are fo hot in
operation, are to the firft touch cold. Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
By touch the firft pure qualities we learn,
Which quicken all things, hot, cold, rnoift and dry;
By touch, hard, foft, rough, fmooth, we do difeern ;
By touch, fweet pleafure, and {harp pain we try. Davies.
The fpiders touch how exquifitely fine !
Feels at each thread, and lives along the line. Pope.
The fifth fenfe is touch, a fenfe over the whole body. Locke.
3. The adl of touching.
The touch of the cold water made a pretty kind of fhrugging come over her body, like the twinkling of the faireft
among the fixed ftars. Sidney, b. ii.
The time was once when thou unurg’d wou’d’ft vow.
That never touch was welcome to thy hand
Unlefs I touch’d. Shakefpeare.
With one virtuous touch
Th’ archchemick fun produces precious things. Milton.
4. Examination as by a ftone.
To-morrow, good fir Michell, is a day
Wherein the fortune of ten thoufand men
Muft bide the touch. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
Ah Buckingham, now do I ply the touch,
To try if thou be current gold indeed. Shakefpeare.
Albeit fome of thefe articles were merely devifed, yet the
duke being of bafe gold, and fearing the touch, fubferibed
that he did acknowledge his offences. Hayward.
5. Teft; that by which any thing is examined.
The law-makers rather refpedled their own benefit than
equity, the true touch of all laws. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
6. Proof; tried qualities.
Come my fweet wife, my deareft mother, and
My friends of noble touch ! when I am forth.
Bid me farewel, and fmile. Shakefpeare.
7. [Touche, Fr.] Single adl of a pencil upon the picture.
Artificial ftrife
Lives in thofe touches, livelier than life. ShakefpeareJ
It will be the more difficult for him to conceive when he
has only a relation given him, without the nice touches which
make the graces of the pidlure. Dryden.
Never give the leaft touch with your pencil, till you have
well examined your delign. • Dryden.
8. Feature; lineament.
Thus Rofalind of many parts
By heav’nly fynod was devis’d ;
Of many faces, eyes artd hearts.
To have the touches deareft priz’d. Shakefp. As you like it.
A fon was copy’d from his voice fo much,
The very fame in ev’ry little touch. Dryden.
9. Adl of the hand upon a mufical inftrument.
Here let the founds of mufick
Creep in our ears; foft ftilnefs and the night
Become the touches of fweet harmony. Shakefpeare.
10. Power of exciting the affedtions.
Not alone
The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches.
Do ftrongly fpeak t’ us. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Nor wanted power to mitigate and fwage,
With folemn touches, troubled thoughts. Milton.
11. Something of paflion or affedlion.
He which without our nature could not on earth fuffer for
the world, doth now alfo, by means thereof, both make interrceflion to God for finners, and exercife dominion over all men,
with a true, natural, and a fenfible touch of mercy. Hooker.
He loves us not:
He wants the natural touch. Shakefpeare.
12. Particular relation ; fenfible relation.
Speech of touch towards others fhould be fparingly ufed ;
for difeourfe ought to be as a field, without coming home to
any man. Bacon’s EJJ'ays.
13. [Touche, Fr.] A ftroke.
Our kings no fooner fall out, but their mints make war
upon one another; one meets fometimes with very nice
touches of raillery. Addifon on ancient Medals.
Another fmart touch of the author we meet with in the
fifth page, where, without any preparation, he breaks out
all on a fudden into a vein of poetry. Addifon.
Though its error may be fuch.
As Knags and Burgefs cannot hit
It yet may feel the nicer touch
Of Wicherley’s or Congreve’s wit. Prior.
26 R He
T O U TOW
Swift.
He gave the little wealth he had
To build a houfe for fools and mad ;
To {hew by one fatyrick touchy
No nation wanted it fo much.
14. Animadverfion; cenfure.
I never bare any touch of confcience with greater regret.
King Charles.
Soon mov’d with touch of blame, thus Eve,
"What words have pals’d thy bps, Adam, fevere. Milton.
15. Exadl performance of agreement.
Touch kept is commended, yet credit to keepe
Is pay and difpatch him, yer ever ye fleepe. ' Tuffer.
Quoth Hudibras, thou offer’d; much,
But art not able to keep touch. Hudibras, />: i.
I keep touch both with my promife to Philopolis, and with
my own ufual frugality in thefe kind of collations. More.
He was not to expedl that fo perfidious a creature fhould
keep touch with him. L'Eflrange.
j6. A fmall quantity intermingled.
Madam, I have a touch of your condition,
That cannot Drook the accent of reproof. Shakefpeare.
This coming {fill nearer to an alpiration, a touch of it
may perhaps be an ingredient in the rough guttural pronun¬
ciation of the Welfh and Irifti. Holder s Elements of Speech.
!7. A hint; flight notice given.
The king your mafter knows their difpofition very well ;
a fmall touch will put him in mind of them. Bacon.
18. A cant word for a flight eflay.
Print my preface in fuch a form as, in the bookfellers
phrafe, will make a fixpenny touch. Swift.
To'uchable. adj. [from touch.J Tangibles that may be
touched.
To'uch-hole. n.f [touch and hole.] The hole through which
the fire is conveyed to the powder in the gun.
In a piece of ordnance, if you fpeak in the touch-hole, and
another lay his ear to the mouth of the piece, the found is
far better heard than in the open air. Bacon’s Nat. Hifl.
To'uchiness. n.f. [from touching.] Peevifhnefs; irafcibility.
My friends relented it as a motion not guided with fuch
difcretion as the touchinefs of thofe times required. K. Charles.
Torching, prep. [This word is originally a participle of
touch.] With refpecl, regard, or relation to.
Touching things which belong to difcipline, the church
hath authority to make canons and decrees, even as we read
in the apoftles times it did. Hooker, b. iiir
Tinching our perfon, feek we no revenge ;
But we our kingdom’s fafety muft fo tender,
Whofe ruin you three fought, that to her laws
We do deliver you; Shakefpeare's Henry V.
The heavens and the earth remained in the fame {fate in
which they were created, as touching their fubftance, though
there was afterwards added multiplicity of perfection in refpe£f of beauty. Raleigh's Hifl. of the World.
Touching the debt, he took himfelf to be acquitted thereof.
Hayward.
Socrates chofe rather to die than renounce or conceal his
judgment touching the unity of the Godhead. South.
Torching, adj. [from touch.] Pathetick; affedling; moving.
To'uchingly. adv. [from touch.] With feeling emotion 3 in
a pathetick manner.
This laft fable {hows how touchingly the poet argues in
love affairs. Garth.
Touc.hmenot. n.f. An herb. _ Ainf.
To'uchstone. n.f. [touch andfone; pierre de touche, Fr.J
1. Stone by which metals are examined. .
Chilon would fay, that gold was tried with the touchflone,
and men v/ith gold. Bacon's Apophth.
If he intends to deal clearly, why does he make the touch¬
flone faulty, and the ftandard uncertain. Collier.
2. Any teff or criterion.
Is not this their rule of fuch fufKciency, that we {hould ufe
it as a touchflone to try the orders of the church ? Hooker.
The work, the touchflone of the nature, is ;
And by their operations things are known. Davies.
Money ferves for the touchflone of common honeffy. L'Efl.
Time is the fureft judge of truth : I am not vain enough
to think I have left no faults in this, which that touchflone
will not difcover. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
To'uchwood. n.f. [touch and wood.'] Rotten wood ufed to
catch the fire {truck from the flint.
A race of refolute flout trees they are, fo abounding with
metal and heat, that they quickly take fire, and become
touchwood. Howel*s Vocal Forefl.
To make white powder, the powder of rotten willows is
belt; fpunk, or touchwood prepared might make it ruffet. Br.
To'uchy. adj. [from touch.] Peevifh ; irritable ; irafcible ;
apt to take fire. A low word.
You are upon a touchy point, and therefore treat fo nice a
fubjedt with proportionable caution. Collier on Pride.
You are fo touchy, and take things fo hotly, I am fure there
mufl be fome miftake in this. Arbuthnot's Hifl. of J. Bull.
TOUGH, adj. [toh, Saxon.]
1. Yielding without fradture; not brittle.
Of bodies fome are fragile, and fome are toughs and not
fragile. _ Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
2. Stiff ; not eafily flexible.
The bow he drew,
And almoft join’d the horns of the tough eugh. Dryden.
Fate with nature’s law would ftrive,
To {hew plain-dealing once an age may thrive;
And when fo tough a frame {he could not bend,
Exceeded her commiflion to befriend. Dryden,
3. Not eafily injured or broken.
O fides you are too tough !
Will you yet hold ? Shakefpeare.
A body made of brafs the crone demands
For her lov’d nurfling, ftrung with nerves of wire,
Tough to the laft, and with no toil to tire. Dryden,
4. Vifcous ; clammy ; ropy.
To To'ughen. v. n. [from tough.] To grow tough.
Hops off the kiln lay three weeks to cool, give and
toughen, elfe they will break to powder. Mortimer s Hufb.
To'ughness. n.f. [from tough.]
1. Not brittlenefs; flexibility.
To make an induration with toughnefs, and lefs fragility,
deco«ff bodies in water for three days; but they muft be fuch
into which the water will not enter. Bacon s Nat. Hifl.
A well-temper’d fword is bent at will.
But keeps the native toughnejs of the fteel. Dryden.
2. Vifcofity; tenacity; clamminefs; glutinoufnefs.
In the firft ftage the vifcofity or toughnefs of the fluids fhould
be taken off by diluents. Arbuthnot on Diet.
3. Firmnefs againft injury.
I confefs me knit to thy deferving with cables of perdur¬
able toughnefs. Shakejp. Othello.
TOUPF'T. n.f. [Fr.] A curl; an artificial lock of hair.
Remember fecond-hand toupees and repaired ruffes. Swift.
TOUR. n.f. [tour, French.]
1. Ramble; roving journey.
I made the tour of all the king’s palaces. Addifon.
Were it permitted, he’d make the tour of the whole fyftem
of the fun. Arbuthnot and Pope's Mart. Scrib,
2. Turn ; revolution. In both thefe fenfes it is rather French
than Englifh.
Firft Ptolemy his fcheme coeleftial wrought.
And of machines a wild provifion brought;
Orbs centrick and eccentrick he prepares.
Cycles and epicycles, folid fpheres
In order plac’d, and with bright globes inlaid,
To folve the tours by heavenly bodies made. Blackmon*
3. In Milton it is probably tow’r; foar; elevation.
The bird of Jove {loop’d from his airy tour,
Two birds of gayeft plume before him drove. Milton.
To'urnament. 1 r vtournamentum low Lat.]
To'urney.
1. Tilt; juft; military fport; mock encounter.
They might under the pretence
Of tilts and tournaments,
Provide them horfe and armour for defence. Daniel.
Forjufts, tourneys, and barriers, the glories of them ar§
the chariots, wherein challengers make their entry. Bacon.
Whence came all thofe jufts, tiltings, and tournaonents, fo
much in ufe in thefe parts. Temple's Mifcel.
He liv’d with all the pomp he cou’d devile.
At tilts and tournaments obtain’d the prize,
But found no favour in his lady’s eyes. Dryden.
The fpoufals of Hippolita the queen.
What tilts and tourneys at the feaft were feen. Dryden,
2. Milton ufes it Amply for encounter ; fhock of battle.
With cruel tournament the fquadrons join !
Where cattle paftur’d late, now fcatter’d lies
With carcaffes, and arms, th’ infangum’d field. Milton,
To Tourney, v. n. [from the noun.] To tilt in the lifts.
An elfin born of noble ftate,
Well could he tourney, and in lifts debate. F. Ffu. b. ii.
TC/URNTfUET. n.f. [French.] A bandage ufed in amputa¬
tions, ftraitened or relaxed by the turn of a handle.
If the orifice does not readily appear, loofen the tourniquet,
and the effufion of blood will diredt you to it. Sharp.
To Touse. v. a. [probably of the fame original with taw*
teize, tofe.] To pull; to tear; to hatd ; to drag : whence
toujir or towzer, the name of a maftiff.
As a bear whom angry curs have touz'd,
Having off fhak’d them and efcap’d their hands,
Becomes more fell, and all that him withftands
Treads down and overthrows. Spenfer«
Take him hence; to th’ rack with him : we II tsuze you
Joint by joint, but we will know his purpofe. ShaLeJpcai c.
To towze fuch things as flutter
To honeft Bounce is bread and butter. Swift.
Tow. n.f. [rop, Saxon.] Flax or hemp beaten and combed
into a filamentous iubftance. ^
Num. xxiv. i.
TOW
Tow twifted round the handle of an inftrument makes It
eafier to be held. Sharp.
To Tow. v. a. [teon, teohan, Saxon, to lead; toghen, old
Dutch.] To draw by a rope, particularly through the water.
Thou knew’ft too well
My heart was to thy rudder ty’d by th’ firing,
And thou fhould’ft tow me after. Shah. Ant.and Cleopatra.
The feamen towed, and I fhoved, till we arrived. Swift.
w";.Vef-Saxon-J
j. In a direction to.
He fet his face toward the wildcrnefs.
The currents drive,
Tow'rds the retreating fea, their furious tide. Milton.
2. Near to : as, the danger now comes towards him.
3. With refpeCt to ; touching ; regarding.
We brought them to as great peace between themfelves,
as love towards us for having made the peace. Sidney, b. ii.
Repent you not,
As that the fin hath brought you to this fhame,
W hich forrow’s always tow'rds ourfelves, not heav’n ?
Shakejp. Meafurefor Meafure.
His heart relented towards her. Milton.
By our law, no good is to be left undone towards all, not
the good of the tongue, the hand, the heart. South's Sermons.
4. With tendency to.
This was the firft alarm England received towards any
trouble, after it had enjoyed for fo many years the moft un¬
interrupted profperity. Clarendon, b. ii.
Nearly; little lefs than.
I am towards nine years older fince I left you. Swift.
Towa'rd. 1 adv. [It is doubtful whether in this ufe the word
Towa'rds. 3 be adverb or adjeCtive.] Near; at hand; in a
Hate of preparation.
What might be toivard that this fweaty hafte
Doth make the night joint labourer with the day. Shakefp.
Towa'rd. adj. Ready to do or learn; not froward.
To'wardliness. n.f [from towardly.~\ Docility; compli¬
ance ; readinefs to do or to learn.
The beauty and towardlinefs of thefe children moved her
. brethren to envy. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
To'wardly. adj. [from toward.] Ready to do or learn ; do¬
cile ; compliant with duty.
Some young towardly noblemen or gentlemen were ufually
fent as affiftants or attendants. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
To'wardness. n.f [from toward.] Docility.
Parents will not throw away the towardnefs of a child,
and the expence of education upon a profeffion, the labour of
which is encreafed, and the rewards are vanifhed. South.
To'wel. n.f. [touaille, French; touaglio, Italian.] A cloath
on which the hands are wiped.
His arm mud be kept up with a napkin or towel. Wfeman.
Th’ attendants water for their hands fupply,
And having wafh’d, with filken towels dry. Dryden's Ain.
To'wer. n.f. [top, Saxon; tour, Fr. torre, Italian; turris,
Latin.]
I.A high building; a building raifed above the main edifice.
Let us build us a city and a tower, whofe top may reach
unto heaven. Gen. xi. 4.
3. A fortrefs ; a citadel.
3. A high head-drefs. '
Lay trains of amorous intrigues
In towers, and curls, and perriwigs. Hudibras, p. iii.
4. High flight; elevation.
.To To'wer. v.n. Tofoar; to fly or rife high.
On th’ other fide an high rock tow'red Hill. Spenfer.
No marvel
My lord protector’s hawks do tower fo well. Shakefp.
Circular bafe of rifing folds that tower'd
Fold above fold a furging maze. Milton.
Tow'ring his height, and ample was his breaft. Dryden.
The crooked plough, the fhare, the toiv'ring height
Of waggons, and the cart’s unweildy weight;
Thefe all mull be prepar’d. Dryden's Georg.
All thofe fublime thoughts which tower above the clouds,
and reach as high as heaven itfelf, take their rife, not one jot
beyond thofe ideas which fenfe or reflection have offered for
the contemplation of the mind. Locke.
Tq'wer-mustard. n.f [turritis, Lat.] A plant.
The flower of the tower-mujlard confifts of four leaves,
expanding in form of a crofs, out of whofe empalement rifes
the pointal, which afterward becomes a long, fmooth pod,
growing for the moll part upright, and opening into two
parts, in each of which are many fmooth feeds. Miller.
Towered, adj. [from tower.] Adorned or defended by towers.
Might {he the wife Latona be,
Or the tow'red Cybele. Milton's Arcades.
To'wery. aclj. [from tower.] Adorned or guarded with towers.
Here naked rocks, and empty waftes were feen,
There tow'ry cities and the forefts green. Pope.
Rife, crown’d with lights, imperial Salem rife !
Exalt thy tow'ry head, and lift thy eyes ! Pope's Meffiah.
9
TOY
With his tow'ry grandeur fwell their Hate. Thmfa.
T°jhL] tU"’ S“X°n ’ D“tChi fro,nt ". Saxon,
1. Any walled collection of houfes.
She let them down by a cord; for her houfe was upon the
town wall. <y0f”
2. Any collection of houfes larger than a village. "
Speak the fpeech trippingly on the tongue: but if vou
mouth it, as many of our players do, I had as lieve the town
crier had fpoke the lines. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Into whatfoever city or town ye enter, enquire who in it is
worthy, and there abide l Mat. x. 11.
Before him towns and rural works between. Milton.
My friend this infult fees,
And flies from towns to woods. Broome.
3. In England, any number of houfes to which belongs a re¬
gular maiket, and which is not a city or fee of a bilhop.
4. The court end of London.
A virgin whom her mother’s care
Drags from the town to wholefome country air. Pope.
5. The people who live in the capital.
He all at once let down.
Stuns with his giddy larum half the town. Pope.
6. It is ufed by the inhabitants of every town or city: as we
lay, a newfamily is come to town.
There is fome new drefs or new diverfion juft come to
town. ' 7-
ry. , Law.
o wnclerk. n.f. [town and clerk.] An officer who manages
the publick bufinefs of a place.
The townclerk appeafed the people. Aftsxix
TownhoW. n.f. [town and houfe.] The hall where publick
bulinefs is tranfaCled.
A townhsufe built at one end will front the church that
Hands at the other. JddlJon on hd
1 ° UNSHIP. n.f. [town rm^Jhip.] The corporation of a town ;
the diftriCt belonging to a town.
I am but a poor petitioner of our whole town/hip. Shakefp.
T hey had built houles, planted gardens, erected town/hips,
and made provifion for their pofterity. Raleirh.
To'wnsman. n.f. [town and man.]
1. An inhabitant of a place.
Here come the townfmen on proceffion.
Before your highnefs to prefent the man. Shakefpeare.
In the time of king Henry the fixth, in a fight between
the earls of Ormond and Defmond, almoft all the town men
of Kilkenny were flain. Davies on Ireland.
1 hey marched to Newcaftle, which being defended only
by the townfmen, was given up to them. Clarendon, b. viii.
I left him at the gate firm to your interefi,
T’ admit the townfmen at their lirtl appearance. Dryden.
2. One of the fame town.
To'wntalk. n.f. [town and talk.] Common prattle of a
place.
If you tell the fecret, in twelve hours it fhall be towntalk.
, L'Ejlrange.
loxiCAL. adj. [toxicum, Lat.] Poifonous; containing poifon.
Toy. n.f. [toyen, tooghen, to drefs with many ornaments*
Dutch.] *
1. A petty commodity ; a trifle; a thing of no value.
Might I make acceptable unto her that toy which I had
found, following an acquaintance of mine at the plough. Sidn
They exchange for knives, glaffes and fuch toys, great
abundance of gold and pearl. Abbot
Becanfe of old
Thou thyfelf doatd’ft on womankind, admiring
Their fhape, their colour, and attractive grace :
None are, thou think’ft, but taken with fuch toys. Milton.
O virtue ! virtue ! what art thou become,
That men fhould leave thee for that toy a woman. Drvden
2. A plaything ; a bauble. J
To dally thus with death is no fit toy,
Go find fome other play-fellows, mine own fweet boy.
TX7, r r Fairy Queen, b. i.
What a profufion of wealth laid out in coaches, trapping
tables, cabinets, and the like precious toys. Addifon
In Delia’s hand this toy is fatal found, ' ‘
Nor could that fabled dart more furely wound. p0j)e
3. Matter of no importance. * *
’ Tis a cockle or a walnut fhell,
A knack, a toy. a trick, a baby’s cap. Shahfpem.
4. holly; trifling praCtice; filly opinion.
The things which fo long experience of all ages hath con
firmed and made profitable, let us not prefume to condemn
as follies and toys, becaufe we fometime know not the TaLife
and reafon of them. tt , ». .
5. Play; fport; amorous dalliance.
\ e fons of Venus, play your fports at will •
For greedy plcafure, careleis of your toys
Thinks more upon her paradife of joys. 'Spenfer's Epithal.
So laid he, and forbore not glance or toy
Of amorous intent. Mhm%
6.Odd
T R A T R A
Shakefpcare.
6. Odd {lory ; filly tale.
I never may believe
Thefe antick fables, nor thefe fairy toys.
y. Frolick; humour; odd fancy. _
Shall that which hath always received this conftruchon, be
now difguifed with a toy of novelty. . Hooker, . v.
The very place puts toys of defperation,
Without more motive, into every brain,
That looks fo many fathoms to the fea, .
And hears it roar beneath. Shakefp. Hamlet.
To Toy. t;. n. [from the noun.] To trifle ; to dally amourN oufly ; to play.
To'yish. adj. [from toy.'] Trifling; wanton.
To'yishness. n.f. [from toyifh.] Nugacity ; wantonneis.
Your fociety will diferedit that toyijhnefs of wanton fancy,
that plays tricks with words, and frolicks with the caprices
of frothy imagination. Glaryuilles Scepf
To'yshop. n.f. [toy and Jhop.] A fliop where playthings and
little nice manufactures are fold.
Fans, filks, ribbands, laces, and gewgaws, lay fo thick
together, that the heart was nothing elfe but a toyjhop. Add.
With varying vanities from every part,
They fhift the moving toyjhop of their heart. Pope.
To Toze. v. a. [See Towse and Tease.] To pull by vio¬
lence or impetuofity.
Think’ft thou, for that I infinuate, or toze from thee thy
bufinefs, I am therefore no courtier. Shakefpcare.
Trace, n.f. [trace, Fr. traccia, Italian.]
1. Mark left by any thing palling ; footfteps.
Thefe as a line their long dimenfion drew.
Streaking the ground with finuous trace. Milton.
2. Remain ; appearance of what has been.
The people of thefe countries are reported to have lived
like the beafts among them, without any traces of oiders,
lav/s, or religion. Lemple.
There are not the leaf! traces of it to be met, the greateft
part of the ornaments being taken from Trajan’s arch, and
fet up to the conqueror. Addifon on Italy.
The fhady empire {hall retain no trace
Of war, or blood, but in the Sylvan chaee. Pope.
3. [From tiroffer, French; tirajjes, traces,] Harnefs for beafts
of draught.
Her waggon fpokes made of long fpinner’s legs ;
The cover, of the wings of grafhoppers;
The traces, of the fmalleft fpider’s web. Shakcfpeare.
The labour’d ox
In his loofe traces from the furrow came. Milton.
While lab’ring oxen, fpent with toil and heat.
In their loofe traces from the field retreat. Pope.
Twelve young mules.
New to the plough, unpraClis’d in the trace. Pope's Odyf.
To Trace, v. a. [tracer, Fr. tracciare, Italian.]
1. To follow by the footfteps, or remaining marks.
I feel thy power to trace the ways
Of higheft agents. _ Milton.
You may trace the deluge quite round the globe in profane
hiftory; and every one of thefe people have a tale to tell
concerning the reftauration. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
They do but trace over the paths beaten by the ancients,
or comment, critick, or flourilh upon them. Temple.
To this hafte of the mind a not due tracing of the argu¬
ments to their true foundation is owing. Locke.
2. To follow with exa&nefs.
That fervile path thou nobly doft decline.
Of tracing word by word, and line by line. Denham.
3. To mark out.
He allows the foul power to trace images on the brain, and
perceive them. _ Locke.
His pen can trace out a true quotation. Swift.
4. To walk over.
Men as they trace,
Both feet and face one way are wont to lead. Fa. ffu.
We do trace this alley up and down. Shakcfpeare.
Tra'cer. n.f. [from trace.] One that traces.
Ambafiadors Ihould not be held the tracers of a plot of
fuch malice. < Howel.
Track, n.f. [trac, old French ; traccia, Italian.]
1. Mark left upon the way by the foot or otherwife.
Following the track of Satan. Milton.
Hung by the neck and hair, and dragg’d around, 1
The hoftile fpear yet flicking in his wound, F
With tracks of blood inferib’d the dufty ground. Dryden. )
Confider the exterior frame of the globe, if we may find
any tracks or footfteps of wifdom in its conftitution. Bentley.
2. A road ; a beaten path.
With track oblique fidclong he works his way. Milton.
Behold Torquatus the fame track perfue,
And next, the two devoted Decii view. Dryden's JEn.
To Track, v. a. [from the noun.] To follow by the foot¬
fteps or marks left in the way.
As fhepherd’s cur that in dark evening’s {hade
Hath tracked forth fome favage beaft’s treadc. Fa. Sfueen.
He was not only a profefled imitator of Horace, but a
learned plagiary in all the others; you track him everywhere
in their fnow. Dryden.
Tra'ckless. adj. [from track.] Untrodden; marked with no
footfteps.
Loft in tracklefs fields of {hining day,
Unable to difeern the way,
Which Naflau’s virtue only cou’d explore. Prior.
TRACT, n.f. tralius, Lat.]
1. Any kind of extended fubftance.
2. A region; a quantity of land.
Only there are fome trails which, by high mountains, are
barred from air and frefh wind. Raleigh.
Heav’n hides nothing from thy view.
Nor the deep trait of hell. Milton.
Monte Circeio, by Homer called infula iEea, is a very
hioh mountain joined to the main land by a narrow trait of
earth. Addifon.
3. Continuity ; any thing protracted, or drawn out to length.
The myrtle flouriflieth ftill ; and wonderful it is that for
fo long a trait of time fhe fhould ftill continue frelh. Howel.
Your bodies may at laft turn all to fpirit,
Improv’d by trait of time, and wing’d afeend
Ethereal as we. Milton.
As in trail of fpeech a dubious word is eafily known by
the coherence with the reft, and a dubious letter by the whole
word; fo may a deaf perfon, having competent knowledge
of language, by an acute fagacity by fome more evident .
word difeerned by his eye, know the fenfe. Holder.
4. Courfe; manner of procefs; unlefs it means, in this place,
rather, difeourfe; explanation.
The trait of every thing
Would, by a good difeourfer, lofe fome life
Which action’s felf was tongue to. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
5. It feems to be ufed by Shakefpcare for track.
The weary fun hath made a golden fet.
And, by the bright trait of his fiery car.
Gives fignal of a goodly day to-morrow. Shakcfpeare.
6. [Traliatus, Lat.] A treatife; a fmall book.
The church clergy at that time writ the beft collection of
trails againft popery that ever appeared. Swift.
Tra'ctable. adj. [traliabilis, Lat. traitable, Fr.]
1. Manageable; docile; compliant; obfequious; practicable;
governable.
For moderation of thofe affeClions growing from the very
natural bitternefs and gall of adverfity, the feripture much
alledgeth contrary fruit, which affliction likewife hath, whenfoever it falleth on them that are traltable, the grace of God’s
holy fpirit concurring therewith. Hooker, b. V.
Noble Ajax, you are as ftrong, as valiant, as wife, no
lefs noble, much’more gentle, and altogether more traltable.
Shakefp. Troilas and Creffda.
Traltable obedience is a Have
To each incenfed will. Shakefp. Henry VII.
If thou doft find him traltable to us,
Encourage him, and tell him all cur reafons;
If he be leaden, icy, cold, unwilling.
Be thou fo too. Shakefp. Rich. III.
As thofe who are bent to do wickedly will never want
tempters to urge them on in an evil courfe; fo thofe who
yield themfelves traltable to good motions, will find the fpirit
of God more ready to encourage them. Tillotfon s Sermons.
If a ftriCt hand be kept over children from the beginning,
they will in that age be traltable, and quietly fubmit to it.. .
Locke on Education.
2. Palpable ; fuch as may be handled.
The other meafures are of continued quantity vifible, and
for the moft part traltable; whereas time is always tranfient,
neither to be feen nor felt. Holder on Time.
Tra'ctableness. n.f. [from traltable.} The ftate of being
traCtable ; compliance ; obfequioufnefs.
It will be objeded, that whatfoever I fanfy of childrens
traliablenefs, yet; many will never apply. Locke.
Tra'ctate. n.f. [traliatus, Latin.] A treatife ; a traCl; a
fmall book.
Though philofophical trallates make enumeration of au¬
thors, yet are their reafons ufually introduced. Brown.
We need no other evidence than Glanville’s traliate. Hale,
Tra'ction. n.f. [from traltus, Lat.] The aCt of drawing;
the ftate of being drawn.
The malleus being fixed to an extenfible membrane, fol¬
lows the traliion of the mufcle, and is drawn inwards to
bring the terms of that line nearer in proportion as it is
curved, and fo gives a tenfion to the tympanum. Holder.
Tra'ctile. n f. [trallus, Lat.] Capable to be drawn out or
extended in length ; duCtile.
'The confiftences of bodies are very divers \ fragile, tough}
flexible, inflexible; traliile, or to be drawn forth in length,
intradile. Bacon's Nat. Hifl. N°. 839.
Tracti'lity. adj. [from traliile.] The quality of bung trac¬
tile. c..
bilvcr,
T R A T R A
Silver, whofe dudility and fragility are much inferiour to
thofe of gold, was drawn out to fo (lender a wire, that a
„ fingle grain amounted to twenty-feven feet. Dcrham.
TRADE, n.f. [tratta, Italian.]
1. Traffick; commerce ; exchange of goods for other goodsj
or for money.
Whofoever commands the fea, commands the trade ; who¬
soever commands the trade ot the world, commands the
riches of the world, and confequently the world itfelf. Ral.
Trade increafes in one place and decays in another. Temple.
2. Occupation ; particular employment whether manual or
mercantile, diftinguiihed from the liberal arts or learned profeffions.
Appoint to every one that is not able to live of his
freehold a certain trade of life 3 the which trade he fhall be
bound to follow. Spenfer on Ireland.
How dizzy ! half way down
Hangs one that gathers famphire, dreadful trade. Shakefp.
I’ll mountebank their loves, and come home belov’d
Ot all the trades in Rome. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Fear and piety,
InFru&ion, manners, mylleries, and trades,
Decline to your confounding contraries. Shakefpeare.
The rude Equicolse
Hunting their fport, and plund'ring was their trade. Dryd.
Fight under him; there’s plunder to be had3
A captain is a very gainful trade. Dryden’s Juv.
The whole divition that to Mars pertains.
All trades of death, that deal in Feel for gains. Dryden.
The emperor Pertinax applied himfelf in his youth to a
gainful trade 3 his father, judging him fit for a better em¬
ployment, had a mind to turn his education another way 3
the fon was obftinate in purfuing fo profitable a trade, a fort
of merebandife of wood. Arbuthnot on Coins.
3. InFruments of any occupation.
The fhepherd bears
His houfe and houfhold gods, his trade of war,
His bow and quiver, and his truFy cur. Dryden's Virgil.
4. Any employment not manual 3 habitual exercife.
Call fome of young years to train them up in that trade 3
and fo fit them for weighty affairs. Bacon.
To Trade, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To traffick ; to deal 3 to hold commerce.
He commanded thefe fervants to be called, to know how
much every man had gained by trading. Lukesdx. 15.
Delos, a facred place, grew a free port, where nations
warring with one another reforted with their goods, and
traded. Arbuthnot on Coins.
Maximinus traded with the Goths in the produde of his
eftate in Thracia. Arbuthnot.
2. To ad merely for money.
Saucy and overbold ! how did you dare
To trade and traffick with Macbeth,
In riddles and affairs of death ? Shakefp Macbeth.
3. Having a trading wind.
They on the trading flood ply tow’rd the pole. Milton.
To Trade. v. a. To fell or exchange in commerce.
They were thy merchants : they traded the perfotis of
men and veffels of brafs in thy market. Ezek. xxvii. 13.
Trade-wind, n.f [trade and wind.] The monfoon 3 the
periodical wind between the tropicks.
Thus to the eaftern wealth through Forms we go,
But now, the Cape once doubled, fear no more 3
A conFant trade-wmd will fecurely blow,
And gently lay 11s on the fpicey Fiore. Dryden.
His were the projeds of perpetuum mobiles, and of increafing the trade-wind by vaF plantations of reeds. Arbuth.
Comfortable is the trade-wind to the equatorial parts, with¬
out which life would be both Fiort and grievous. Cheyne.
Tra'ded. adj. [from trade.] Verfed3 pradifed.
TruF not thofe cunning waters of his eyes 3
For villainy is not without fuch a rheum ;
And he long traded in it makes it feem
Like rivers of remorfe and innocence. Shakefpeare.
Eyes and ears,
Two traded pilots ’twixt the dangerous Fiores
Of will and judgment. Shakefp. T’roilus and Creffida.
Tra'der. n.f. [from trade.]
1. One engaged in merchandife or commerce.
Pilgrims are going to Canterbury with rich offerings, and
traders riding to London with fat purfes. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Now the vidtory’s won,
We return to our laffes like fortunate traders,
Triumphant with fpoils. Dryden.
Many traders will neceflitate merchants to trade for lefs
profit, and confequently be more frugal. Child on Trade.
That day traders fum up the accounts of the week. Swift.
2. One long ufed in the methods of money getting 5 a peti¬
tioner.
Tradesfolk, n.f [trade and folk.] People employed in
trades.
By his advice victuallers and tradesfolk would foon get all
the money of the kinedoin into their hands* Swift.
Tradesman, n.f. [trade and man.] A fllopkeeper. A mer¬
chant is called a trader, but not a tradefman 3 and it feerris
diFinguilhed in Shakefpeare from a man that labours with hi$
hands.
I live by the awl, I rrieddle with no tradefnen's matters.
Shakefpeare.
They rather had beheld
Diffentious numbers peF’ring Freets 3 than fee
Our tradefmen tinging in their Flops, and going
About their functions. Shakefp. Coriolanusl
Order a trade thither and thence fo as fome few merchants
and tradefmen, under colour of furnifhing the colony with neceffaries, may not grind them. Bacon.
Tradefmen might conjecture what doings they were like to
have in their refpective dealings. Graunt.
M. Jordain would not be thought a tradefman, but order¬
ed fome lxlk to be meafured out to his partner’s friends : now
I give up my Flop. Prior:
From a plain tradefman with a Flop, lie is now grown a
Very rich country gentleman. Arbuth. Hijl. of J. Bull.
Domefticks in a gentleman’s family have more opportunities
of improving their minds, than the ordinary tradefmen. Swift.
BoaFful and rough, your firF fon is a fquire 3
The next a tradefman, meek and much a liar. Pope’s Ep.
Tra'deful. adj. [trade and full.] Commercial 3 bufy in traf¬
fick.
Ye tradeful merchants that with weary toil
Do feek moF precious things to make your gain,
And both the Indies of their treafure fpoil.
What needeth you to feek fo far in vain. Spenfer.
Tradition, n.f [tradition, Fr. traditio, Lat.]
1. The ad or pradile of delivering accounts from mouth to
mouth without written memorials 3 communication from a°-e
to age.
To learn it we have tradition 3 namely, that fo we be¬
lieve, becaufe both we from our predeceifors, and they from
theirs, have fo received. Hooker, b. iii.
2. Any thing delivered orally from age to age.
They the truth
With fuperFitions and traditions taint.
Left only in thofe written records pure. Milton.
Our old folemnities
From no blind zeal, or fond tradition rife 5
But fav’d from death, our Argives yearly pay
Thefe grateful honours to the God of day. Pope's Statius,\
Traditional, adj. [from tradition.]
1. Delivered by tradition 3 defeending by oral communication;
tranfmitted by the foregoing to the following age.
Whence may we have the infallible traditional fenfe of
feripture, if not from the heads of their church ? Tillotfon.
If there be any difference in natural parts, it Fiould feem
the advantage lies on the fide of children born from wealthy
parents, the fame traditional Foth and luxury which render
their body weak, perhaps refining their fpirits. Szvift.
2. Obfervant of traditions, or idle rites. Not ufed, nor proper.
God forbid
We Fiould infringe the holy privilege
Of fanduary !
--You are too fenfelefs obFinate, my lord ;
Too ceremonious and traditional. Shakefp. Rich, II.
Traditionally, adv. [from traditional]
1. By tranfiniffion from age to age.
There is another channel wherein this dodrine is tradi¬
tionally derived from Saint John, namely, from the clerey of
Afia. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
2. From tradition without evidence of written memorials.
It croffeth the proverb, and Rome might well be built in
a day, if that were true which is traditionally related by
Strabo, that the great cities Anchiale and Tarfus were built
by Sardanapalus both in one day. Brown's Vulgar Err
Tk adi'tionary. adj. [from tradition.] Delivered by tradi¬
tion.
Suppofe the fame traditionary Frain
Of rigid manners in the houfe remain,
Inveterate truth, an old plain Sabine’s heart. Dryden.
Oral tradition is more uncertain, efpecially if we may take
that to be the traditionary fenfe of texts of feripture. Tillotfon.
The fame of our Saviour, which in fo few years had gone
through the whole earth, was confirmed and perpetuated by
fuch records as would preferve the traditionary account of him
to after-ages. Addfon on the Ch> ifian Religion.
Tra'ditive. adj. [traditive, Fr. from trade, Latin.] Tranfmitted or tranfmiffible from age to age.
Suppofe we on things traditive divide,
^ And both appeal to feripture to decide. Dryd. tl. and Pant.
To Tradu'ce. v. a. [tracluco, Lat. teaduire, Fr.]
1. Tocenfure; to condemn 3 to reprefent as blameable; to
calumniate 3 to decry.
t The beF Fratagcm that Satan .hath3 who knoweth his
kingdom to be no one way more Fiaken than by the publick
devout prayers of God’s church, is by traducing the form and
manner of them, to bring them into contemptj and fo Fack;
the force of all mens devotion towards them. Hooker, b. v.
26 S Thofe
T R A
Thofe particular ceremonies which they pretend to be To
fcandalous, we {hall more thoroughly fift, when other things
alfo traduced in the publick duties of the church are, toge¬
ther with thelc, to be touched. Hooker, b. iv.
Whilft calumny has fuch potent abetters, we arc not to
wonder at its growth : as long as men are malicious and de¬
fining they will be traducing. Gov. of the longue.
From that preface he took his hint; though he had the
bafenefs not to acknowledge his benefactor, but inftead of it
to traduce me in libel. Dryden s Fab.
2.To propagate; to encreafe by deriving one from another.
None^are fo grofs as to contend for this.
That fouls from bodies may traduced be ;
Between whofe natures no proportion is.
When root and branch in nature {till agree. Davies.
From thefe only the race of perfedt animals were propa¬
gated and traduced over the earth. Hale.
° Some believe the foul is made by God, fome by angels,
and fome by the generant: whether it be immediately creat¬
ed or traduced hath been the great ball of contention to the
latter ages. Glanville s Scepf,
Tradu'cement. n. f. [from traduce.'] Cenfure; obloquy.
Rome muft know
The value of her own : ’twere a concealment
Worfe than a theft, no lefs than a traducement,
To hide your doings. Shakefpeare s Coriolanus.
Tradu'cer. n.f. [from traduce.] A falfe cenfurer ; a calum¬
niator.
Tradu'cible. ad), [from traduce.] Such as may be derived.
Though oral tradition might be a competent difeoverer of
the original of a kingdom, yet luch a tradition were incom¬
petent without written monuments to derive to us the origi¬
nal laws, becaufe they are of a complex nature, and there¬
fore not orally traducible to io great a diftance of ages. Hale.
Tradu'ction. n.f. [from traduce.']
1. Derivation from one of the fame kind ; propagation.
The patrons of tradudtion accufe their adverfaries of af¬
fronting the attributes of God ; and the aflerters ot creation
impeach them of violence to the nature of things. Glanville.
If by traduftion came thy mind.
Our wonder is the lefs to find
A foul fo charming from a flock fo good ;
Thy father was transfus’d into thy blood. Dryden.
2. Tradition ; tranfmiffion from one to another.
Touching traditional communication and traduSiion of
truths connatural and engraven, I do not doubt but many of
them have had the help of that derivation. Hale.
3. Conveyance.
Since America is divided on every fide by confiderabie feas5
and no pallage known by land, the tradudiion of brutes could
only be by {hipping: though this was a method ufed for tne
traduction of ufeful cattle from hence thither, yet it is not
credible that bears and lions Ihould have fo much care ufed
for their tranfportation. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
4. Tranfition.
The reports and fugues have an agreement with the figures
in rhetorick of repetition and traduCiion. Bacon.
Tr a'ffick. n.f. \_trafique, Fr. traffico, Italian.]
1. Commerce; merchandifing; large trade; exchange of com¬
modities.
Traffic#s thy god. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
My father
A merchant of great traffick through the world. Shakefp.
As the firfl of thefe was, for his great wifdom, ftiled^ the
Englilh Solomon, he followed the example of that wife king
in nothing more than by advancing the traffick of his people.
AddiJ'on s Freeholder, N°, 41.
±. Commodities ; fubjedl of traffick.
You’ll fee a draggled damfel
From Billingfgate her fifhy traffick bear. Gay.
To Tra'ffick?v. n. [trafiquer, Fr. trafficare, Italian.]
j. To practife commerce ; to merchandife ; to exchange com¬
modities.
They firfl; plant for corn and cattle, and after enlarge themfelves for things to traffick withal. Bacon's Advice to Villiers.
2. To trade meanly or mercenarily.
Saucy and overbold ! how did you dare
To trade and traffick with Macbeth,
In riddles and affairs of death ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
How haft thou dar’d to think fo vilely of me.
That I would condefeend to thy mean arts.
And traffick with thee for a prince’s ruin ? Rowe.
Trafficker, n.f. [trafiqueur, Fr. from traffick.] Trader;
merchant.
Your Argofics with portly fail.
Like figniors and rich burghers on the flood.
Do overpeer the petty traffickers
That curtfy to them. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
In it are fo many Jews very rich, and fo great traffickers,
that they have moft of the Englilh trade in their hands. Add.
Tra'gacanth. n. f. [tragacantha, Lat.] A fort of gum to
T R A
which this name h4s been given, becaufe it proceeds from
the incifion of the root or trunk of a plant fo called. Trevoux.
Trage'dian. n.f. [from tragedy; iragoedus, Lat.]
1. A writer of tragedy.
Many of the poets themfclves had much nobler con¬
ceptions of the Deity, than to imagine him to have any
thing corporeal; as in thefe verfes out of the ancient trage¬
dian. Stillingfect;
2. An actor of tragedy.
I can counterfeit the deep tragedian-,
Speak, and look back, and pry on ev’ry fide;
Tremble and ftart at wagging of a ftraw,
Intending deep fufpicion. Shakefp. Rich. IIL
To well-lung’d tragedian’s rage
They recommend their labours of the ftage. Dryden.
TRAGEDY, n.f. [tragedie, Fr. iragoudia, Lat.]
1. A dramatick reprefentation of a ferious adtion.
Thoufands more, that yet fufpedt no peril.
Will now conclude their plotted tragedy. Shakefpeare.
All our tragedies are of kings and princes ; but you never
fee a poor man have a part unlefs it be as a chorus, or to fill
up the feenes, to dance, or to be derided. Taylor's holy living.
Imitate the filler of painting, tragedy; which employs the
whole forces of her art in the main adlion. Dryden.
An anthem to their god Dionyfus, whilft the goat flood at
his altar to be facrificed, was called the goat-fong or tra¬
gedy. Rymcrs Tragedies of the lajl Age.
There to her heart fad tragedy addreft
The dagger, wont to pierce the tyrant’s breaft. Pope.
2. Any mournful or dreadful event.
I {hall laugh at this.
That they, who brought me in my mafter’s hate,
I live to look upon their tragedy. Shakejp. Rich. III.
I look upon this now done in England as another adl of
the fame tragedy which was lately begun in Scotland, it, Ch.
Tra'gick.L’ \ adi‘ \-traZicus’ Lat> traZi(HG Fr..]
1. Relating to tragedy.
The root whereof and tragical effedl,
Vouchfafe, O thou the mournfull’ft mufe of nine.
That wont’ft the tragick ftage for to diredl,
In funeral complaints and wailful tine
Reveal to me. Spenfer's Muiopotmos.
Thy Clarence he is dead that ftabb’d my Edward;
And the beholders of this tragick play,
Th’ adulterer Haftings, Rivers, Vaughan, Gray,
Untimely {mother'd in their dufky graves. Shakefp. R. III.
2. Mournful; calamitous; forrowful; dreadful.
A dire induction I am witnefs to ;
And will to France, hoping the confequence
Will prove as bitter, black, and tragical. Shakefpeare.
The gaudy, blabbing, and remorfeful day.
Is crept into the bofom of the fea:
And now loud howling wolves aroufe the jades.
That drag the tragick melancholy night. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Why look you {fill fo ftern and tragicalf Shakefpeare.
So tragical and merited a fate
Shall fwallow thofe who God and juftice hate. Sandys.
I now muft change thofe notes to tranck. ATIton.
The tale of this fong is a pretty tragical ftory; and pleafes
becaufe it is a copy of nature. Addifcn.
Bid them drefs their bloody altars
With every circumftance of tragick pomp. Rowe.
Tra'gically. adv. [from tragical.]
1. In a tragical manner; in a manner befitting tragedy.
Juvenal’s genius was (harp and eager; and as his provo¬
cations were great, he has revenged them tragically. Dryden.
2. Mournfully; forrowfully; calamitoufly.
Tra'gicalness. n.f. [from tragical.] Mournfulnefs ; cala¬
mi itoufnefs.
Like bold Phaetons we defpife all benefits of the father of
light, unlefs we may guide his chariot; and we moralize the
fable as well in the tragicalnefs of the event as in the infolence of the undertaking. Decay of Piety.
Tragicomedy. n.f. [tragicomedie, Fr. from tragedy and co¬
medy.] A drama compounded of merry and ferious events.
On the world’s ftage, when our applaufe grows high.
For adting here life’s tragi-comedy,
The lookers-on will fay we adl not well,
Unlefs the laft the former feenes excel. Denham.
The faults of that drama are in the kind of it, which is
tragi-comedy ; but it was given to the people. Dryden.
We haCe often had tragi-comedies upon the Englilh theatre
with fuccefs : but in that fort of compofition the tragedy and
comedy are in diftindt feenes. Gay.
Tragicomical, adj. [tragicomique, Fr. tragical and comical.]
1. Relating to tragi-comedy.
The whole art of the tragi-comical farce lies in interweav¬
ing the feveral kinds of the drama, fo that they cannot be
diilinguiflied. Gay's JVhat d'ye call it.
2. Confifting of a mixture qf mirth with farrow.
Tragi-
T R A T R A
Tragicomically, adv. [from tragicomical.J In a tragicomi¬
cal manner.
Laws my Pindarick parents matter’d not,
So I was tragicomically got. Brampjhrr.
To Traje'ct. v. a. [trajcilus, Ldtin.] To caft through; to
throw.
The difputes of thofe afluming confidents, that think fo
highly of their attainments, are like the controverfy of thofe
in Plato’s den, who having never feen but the (hadow of an
horfe trajetted, eagerly contended, whether its neighing pro¬
ceeded from its appearing mane or tail. Glanvilles Scepf
If there are different kinds of aether, they have a different
degree of rarity; by which it becomes fo fit a medium for
trajcSling the light of all coeleftial bodies. Grew's Co/m. b. i.
It the fun’s light be trajetted through three or more crofs
prilms fucceffively, thofe rays which in the firff prilfn are re¬
traced more than others, are in all the following prifms re¬
tracted more than others in the fame proportion. Newton.
Traje'ct. n./. [trajet, Fr. trajefius, Latin.] A ferry j a
paffage. for a water-carriage.
What notes and garments he doth give thee,
T* , O O 7
Bring to the trajeft, to the common ferry,
Which trades to Venice. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Traje'ction. n.f. [trajettiot, Lat.]
1. The aCt of darting through.
Later aftronomers have obferved the free motion of fiich
comets as have, by a trajebiion through the aether, wandered
through the coeleftial or interftellar part of the univerfe. Boyle.
2. Emiflion.
The trajefiions of fuch an objed mere (harply pierce the
martyred foul of John, than afterwards did the nails the cru¬
cified body of Peter. Brown s Vulgar Err. 1. vii.
To Trail, v. a. [trailin', Fr.]
1. To hunt by the track.
2. To draw along the ground.
Beat thou the drum, that it fpeak mournfully :
Trail your fteel pikes. Shakefp. Coriolahus.
Faintly he daggered through the hilling throng,
And hung his head, and trail'd his legs along. Dryden.
To draw after in a long floating or waving body.
What boots the regal circle on his head.
That long behind he trails his pompous robe;
And, of all monarchs, only grafps the glebe ? Pope.
4. [Treglen, Dutch.] To draw; to drag.
Becaufe they (hall not trail me through their ftfeets
Like a wild bekft, I am content to go. Milton's Agonifles.
Thrice happy poet, who may trail
Thy houfe about thee like a fnail;
Or harnefs’d to a nag, at eafe *«..
Take journies in it like a chaife ;
Or in a boat, whene’er thou wilt,
Canft make it ferve thee for a tilt. Swift.
To Trail, v. n. To be drawn out in length.
When his brother faw the red blood trail
Adown fo faff, and all his armour fteepe.
For very felnefs loud he ’gan to weep. Fairy b. ii.
Since the flames purlu’d the trailing fmoke,
He knew his boon was granted. Dryden s Knight's Tale.
From o’er the roof the blaze began to move.
And trailing vanifh’d in th’ Idean grove.
It fwept a path in hcav’n, and fhone a guide.
Then in a fteaming flench of fulphur dy’d. Dryden's dEn.
Trail, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Scent left on the ground by the animal perfued; track fol¬
lowed by the hunter.
See but the iffue of my jealoufy : if I cry out thus upon
ho trail, never truft me when I open again. ' Shakefpeare.
How chearfully on the falfe trail they cry !
Oh, this is counter, you falfe Danifh dogs. Shakefpeare.
I do think, or elfe this brain of mine
Hunts not the trail of policy fo fure
As' I have us’d to do, that I have found
The very caufe of Hamlet’s lunacy. Shakefp., Hamlet.
2. Any thing drawn to length.
From thence the fuming trail began to fpread,
And lambent glories danc’d about her head. Dryden's tEn.
When light’ning (hoots in glitt’ring trails along;
It (hines, ’tis true, and gilds the gloomy night;
But when it flrikes, ’tis fatal. Rowe's Royal Gonvert.
%. Any thing drawn behind in long undulations.
' And round about her work (he did empale
With a fair border wrought of fundry flow’rs,
Enwoven with an ivy winding trail. Spenfer's Muiopotmos.
A fudden ftar it (hot through liquid air,
And drew behind a radiant trail o( hair. Pope.
To Train-, v. a. [trainer, Fr.]
1. To draw along.
In hollow cube he train'd
His devilifli enginry. Milton.
2. To draw; to entice ; to invite.
If but twelve French
Were there in arms, they would be as a call
To train ten thoufand Englifh to their fide. 1Shakefpeare.
To draw by artifice or ftratagem.
For that caufe I train'd thee to my houfe. Shakefpeare;
Oh train me not, fweet mermaid, with thy note !
To drown me in thy After’s flood of tears.
Sing, Syren; to thylelf, and I will doat:
Spread o’er the filver waves thy golden hair.
And as a bed I’ll take thee, and there lie. Shakefpeare.
3. To draw from a<ft to a<ft by perfuafion or promife.
We did train him on,
And his corruption being ta’en from us,
We as the fpring of all (hall pay for all. Shak. H. IV.
4. To educate; to bring up : commonly with up.
I can {peak Englilh,
For I was train'd up in the Englilh court. Shakefpeare.
A molt rare fpeaker.
To nature none more bound ; his training fuch
That he may furnifh and inftruSl great teachers. Shakefp.
A place for exercife and training up of youth in the faihiont
of the heathen. 2 Mac. iv. 9.
CallTome of young years to train them up in that trade,
and fo fit them for weighty affairs. Bacon.
Spirits train'd up in fcaft and fong. Milton.
The firft Chriftians were by great hardlhips trained up for
g!°ry. Tillotfon's Sermons.
5. To breed, or form to any thing.
Abram armed his trained fervants born in his houfe, and
purfued. Gen. xiv. 14.
The warrior horfe here bfed he’s taught to train. Dryd.
The young foldier is to be trained on to the warfare of
life ; wherein care is to be taken that more things be not reprefented as dangerous than really are fo. Locke.
Train, n.f. [train, Fr.]
1. Artifice; ftratagem of enticement.
He caff by treaty and by trains
Her to perfuade. Fairy Shieen, b. i.
7 heir general did with due care provide.
To fave his men from ambufh and from train. Fairfax*
This mov’d the king.
To lay to draw him in by any train. Daniel's Civil War.
Swol’n with pride into the fnare I fell
Of fair fallacious looks, venereal trains,
Soft’ned with pleafure and voluptuous life. Milton's Agon;
Now to my charms
And to my wily trains ! I fliall ere long
Be well flock’d with as fair a herd as graz’d
About my mother Circe. AFilton.
7’he practice begins of crafty men upon the Ample and
good ; thefe eaAly follow and are caught, while the others
lay trains and purfue a game. Temple.
2. 7he tail of a bird.
Contradfing their body, and being forced to draw in their
fore parts to eftablilh the hinder in the elevation of the train,
if the fore parts do part and incline to the ground, the hin¬
der grow too weak, and fuffer the train to fall. Brown.
The bird guideth her body with her train, and the (hip is
fleered with the rudder. Hakewill.
Th’ other, whofe gay train
Adorns him colour’d with the florid hue
Of rainbows and ftarry eyes. Milton.
Rivers now ftream and draw their humid train. AFilton.
The train fleers their flights, and turns their bodies like
the rudder of a (hip ; as the kite, by a light turning of his
traini moves his body which way he pleafes. Ray.
3. The part of a gown that falls behind upon the ground.
A thoufand pounds a year, for pure refpedt! •
That promifes more thoufands : honour’s train
Is longer than his fore (kirts. Shakefp. Henry VIII.’
Coftly followers are not to be liked, left while a man
makes his train longer he makes his wings Ihorter. Bacon.
4. A feries ; a confecution.
Diftiinff gradual growth in knowledge carries its own light
with it, in every ftep of its progreflion, in an eafy and or¬
derly train. . Locke.
If we reflect on what is obfervable in ourfelves, we (hall
And our ideas always pafling in train, one going and another
coming, without intermiffion. Locke.
They laboured in vain fo far to reach the apoftle’s mean¬
ing, all along in the train of what he faid. Locke.
Some truths refult from any ideas, as foon as the mind
puts them into propoAtions ; other truths require a train of
ideas placed in order, a due comparing of them, and deduc¬
tions made with attention. Locke„
What would’ft thou have me do ? conAder well
The train of ills our love would draw behind it. Addifon.
The author of your beings can by a glance of the eve, or
a word fpeaking, enlighten your mind, and condu& yon to a
train of happy fentiments. Watts,
5. Procefs; method; flate of procedure.
If things were once in this train, if virtue were eftablilh -
ed as neceflary to reputation, and vice not only loaded with
infamy, but made the infallible ruin of all mens pretenfions,
our duty would take root in our nature. Swift.
6.A retinue j
T R A T R A
A retinue; a number of followers or attendants.
My train are men of choice and rareft parts.
That in the mod exa£t regard fupport
The worfhips of their names. Shakcfpeare.
Our fire walks forth, without more train
Accompany’d than with his own complete
Perfedtions. Miltons Par. Lojl, b. v.
Thou fhould’ft be feen
A goddefs among gods, ador’d, and ferv d
Bv angels numberlefs, thy daily train. Milton's Par. Lojl.
"Faireft of ftars, laft in the train of night.
If better thou belong not to the dawn. Miltons Par. Lojl.
He comes not with a train to move our fear. Dryden.
The king’s daughter, with a lovely train
Of fellow nymphs, was fporting on the plain. Addifon.
He would put a check to the fury of war, that a flop
might be put to thofe fins which are of its train. Smalriclge.
7. An orderly company ; a proceflion.
Who the knights in green, and what the train
Of ladies drefs’d with daifies on the plain ? Dryden.
2. The line of powder reaching to the mine.
Since firft they fail’d in their defigns.
To take in heav’n by fpringing mines;
And with unanfwerable barrels
Of gun-powder, difpute their quarrels ;
Now take a courfe more practicable,
By laying trains to fire the rabble. Hudilras, p. iii.
Shall he that gives fire to the train pretend to wafh his
hands of the hurt that’s done by the playing of the mine !
L’Ffrange's Fables.
9. Train of artillery. Cannons accompanying an army.
With an army abundantly fupplied with a train of artillery,
and all other provifions necelfary, the king advanced towards
Scotland. Clarendon, b. ii.
Trainba'nds. n. f. [train and band: I fuppofe for trained
band.] The militia; the part of a community trained to mar¬
tial exercife.
He direded the trainbands of Weftminfter and Middlefex,
which confifted of the moft fubftantial houfnolders, to at¬
tend. Clarendon.
Give commiflion
To fome bold man, whofe loyalty you truft.
And let him raife the trainbands of the city. Dryden.
A council of war was called, wherein we agreed to re¬
treat: but before we could give the word, the trainbands,
taking advantage of our delay, fled firft. Addifon s Freeholder.
Traino'il. n.f. [train and oil.] Oil drawn by coCtion from
the fat of the whale.
Tra'iny. adj, [from train.] Belonging to train oil. A bad word.
Here fleams afcend.
Where the huge hogfheads fweat with trainy oil. Gay.
To Traipse, v. a. [A low word, I believe, without any ety¬
mology.] To walk in a carelefs or fluttifh manner.
Two flip-fhod mufes traipfe along,
In lofty madnefs, meditating fong. Pope.
Trait, n.f. [trait, Fr.] A ftroke; a touch. . Scarce Englifh.
By this Angle trait Homer marks an eflential difference be¬
tween the Iliad and Odyffey; that in the former the people
perifhed by the folly of their kings; in this by their own
folly. Broome’s Notes on the Odyffey.
TRAITOR, n. f. [traitre, Fr. traditor, Lat.] One who be¬
ing trufted betrays.
The law laid that grievous punifhment upon traitors, to
forfeit all their lands to the prince, that men might be terri¬
fied from committing treafons. Spenfer on Ireland.
If you flatter him, you are a great traitor to him. Bacon.
I’ll put him thus far into the plot, that he fhould be fecured as a traitor ; but when I am out of reach, he fhall be
releafed Dryden's Spanifh Fryar.
There is no difference, in point of morality, whether a
man calls me traitor in one word, or fays I am one hired to
betray my religion and fell my country. Swift.
Tra'itorly. adj. [from traitor.] Treacherous; perfidious.^
Thefe traitorly rafcals miferies are to be fmil’d at, their
offences being fo capital. Shakefp. Winter's Pale.
Tra'itokqus. adj. [from traitor.] Treacherous; perfidious;
faithlefs.
What news with him, that trait'rous wight? Daniel.
Pontinius knows not you,
While you ftand out upon thefe traitorous terms. B. Johnf.
The traitorous or treacherous, who have milled others, he
would have feverely punilhed, and the neutrals noted. Bacon.
More of his majefty’s friends have loft their lives in this
rebellion than of his traiterous fubjeCls. Addifon's Freeholder.
Traitorously, adv. [from traitorous.] In a manner fuiting
traitors ; pcrfidioufly ; treacheroufly.
Good duke Humphry traiteroufy is murther’d
By Suffolk. Shakefp, Henry VI.
Thou bitter fweet! whom I had laid
Next me, me traite-oufy haft betray’d ;
And unfufpe&ed half invifibly
At once fled into him, and flay’d with me, Donne.
They had traitoroufy endeavoured to fubvert the funda-*
mental laws, deprive the k:ng of his regal power, and to
place on his fubjeCts a tyrannical power. Clarendon.
Tra'itress. n. f. [from traitor.] A woman who betrays.
I, what 1 am, by what I was, o’ercome :
Traitrefs, reftorfe my beauty and my charms,
Nor fteal my conqueft with my proper arms. Dryden.
Nor did my traitrefs wife thefe eye-lids clofe,
Nor decently in death my limbs compofe. Pope's Odyffey.
By the dire fury of a trait efs wife.
Ends the fad evening of a ftormy life. Pope's Odyffey.
Tralati'tious. adj. [from tranfiatus, Lat.] Metaphorical;
not literal.
Tralati'tiously. adv. [from tralatitious.] Metaphorically;
not literally ; not according to the firft intention of the
word.
Language properly is that of the tongue dire&ed to the ear
by fpeaking; written language is trulatitioujly fo called, becaufe it is made to reprefent to the eye the fame words which
are pronounced. Holder's Elements of Speech.
To Trali'neate. v. n. [trans and line.] 'Fo deviate from
any direction.
If you t>alineate from your father’s mind,
What are you elfe but of a baftard kind ?
Do, as your progenitors have done.
And by their virtues prove yourfelf their fon. Dryden.
Tra'mmel. n.f. [tramaib, Fr. trama, tragula, Lat.]
1. A net in which birds or fifh are caught.
The trammel differeth not much from the fhape of the
bunt, and ferveth to fuch ufe as die wear and haking. CareWi
2. Any kind of net.
Her golden locks fhe roundly did upty
In braided trammels, that no loofer hairs
Did out of order ftray about her dainty ears. Fairy LJu.
3. A kind of fhackles in which horfes are taught to pace/
I may go fliuflingly at firft, for I was never before walked
in tramjnels ; yet I fhall drudge at conftancy, till I have worn
off the hitching in my pace. Dryden s S, anifo Fryar.
To Tra'mmel. v. a. [from the noun.] To catch; to inter¬
cept.
If th’ affaflination
Could trammel up the confequence, and catch
With its furceafe fuccefs. t Shakefp. Macbeth.
To Trample, v. a. [t>ampe, Danifh.] To tread under foot
with pride, contempt, or elevation.
Caft not your pearls before fwine, left they trample them
under their feet. Mat. vii. 6.
My ftrength fhall trample thee as mire. Milton.
To Tra'mple. v. n.
1. To tread in contempt.
Diogenes trampled on Plato’s pride with greater of his
own. Government of the Tongue.
Your country’s gods I fcorn.
And trample on their ignominious altars. Rowe.
2. To tread quick and loudly.
I hear his thund’ring voice refound.
And trampling feet that fhake the folid ground. Dryden.
Tra'mpler. n.f. [from trample.] One that tramples.
Trana'tion. n.f. [trano, Latin,] The a& of fwimming
over.
T RANCE, n. f. [tranfe, Fr. tranftus, Lat. It might there¬
fore be written tranfe.] An extafy; a ftate in which the foul
is rapt into vifions of future or diftant things; a temporary
abfence of the foul from the body.
Gynecia had been in fuch a trance of mufing, that Zelmane was fighting with the lion before fhe knew of any lion’s
coming. • Sidney, b. i.
Rapt with joy refembling heavenly madnefs,
My foul was ravifht quite as in a trance. Spenfer's Sonnet.
Abftract as in a trance methought I faw. Milton.
Sudden he ftarts,
Shook from his tender trance. TJoomfon's Spring.
Tra'nced. adj. [from trance.] Lving in a trance or extafy.
His grief grew puiffant, and the firings of life
Began to crack. Twice then the trumpets founded,
And there I left him tranc'd. Shakefp. King Lear.
Tra'ngram. n.f. [A cant word.] An odd intricately con¬
trived thing.
What’s the meaning of all thefe trangrams and gimcracks ?
what are you going about, jumping over my mafter’s hedges,
and running your lines crofs his grounds r Arbuthnot.
Tra'nnel. n.f. A fharp pin.
With a fmall trannel of iron, or a large nail grounded to
a fharp point, they mark the*brick. .Moron's Mech. Exer.
Tra'nquil. adj. [tranquillc, Fr. i>anquillus, Latin.] Quiet;
peaceful; undifturbed.
I had been happy
So I had nothing known. Oh now, for ever
Farewel the tranquil mind ! farewel content ! ShakeJpeare.
Tranqui'llity. n.f. [tranquillitas, Latin; tranquilhtc, Fr.]
Quiet; peace of mind ; peace of condition; freedom from
perturbation.
08 Leave
T R A T R A
Leave off,
To let a weary wretch from her due reft,
And trouble dying fouls tranquillity. Fairy b. ii.
You can fcarce imagine any hero pafling from one fta»c of
life to another with fo much tranquillity, lo ealy a tranfition,
and fo laudable a behaviour. /Vto
i'o Transact, v. a> [tranfafius, Lat.]
j. To manage ; to negotiate ; to condud a treaty or affairs.
2. To perform ; to do ; to carry on.
It cannot be expeded they ffould mention particulars which
were tranfafied amongft iome few of the difciples only, as
the transfiguration and the agony. Addifon.
Transaction, n. f. [tranfadlion, Fr. from tranfabl.] Nego¬
tiation ; dealing between man and man; management; af¬
fairs ; things managed.
It is not the purpofe of this difeourfe to fet down the par¬
ticular ti anfaklions of this treaty. Clarendon, b. viii*
T. kansanima tion. hif [trans and anima.] Conveyance of
the foul from one body to another.
If the tranjanimation of Pythagoras were true, that the
fouls of men tranfmigrating into fpecies anfwering their for¬
mer natures, fome men cannot efcape that very brood whofe
fire Satan entered. Brown's Vulgar Errourst b. vii»
To TransceNd. v. a. [tranfeendo, Latin.J
1. Topafs; to overpafs*
It is a dangerous opinion to fuch popes, as (hall tranfeend
their limits and become tyrannical. Bacon,
To judge herfelf, {he muft herfelf tranfeendy
^ As greater circles comprehend the lefs. Davies.
2. Tofurpafs; to outgo ; to exceed; to excel.
This glorious piece tranfeends what he could think ;
So much his blood is nobler than his ink. Waller„
Thefe are they
Deferve their greatnefs and unenvy’d {land.
Since what they ad tranfeends what they command. Denh.
High though her wit, yet humble was her mind, }
As if {lie cou’d not, or {he wou’d not find, C
How much her worth tranfeended all her kind. Dryden. j
3. To furrtiount; to rife above.
Make difquifition whether thefe unufual lights be meteoro¬
logical impreflions not tranfvending the upper region, or whe¬
ther to be ranked among celeftial bodies. Howel.
To Transce'nd. w. ». To climb. Not in ufe*
To conclude, becaufe things do not eafily fink, they do
not drown at all, the fallacy is a frequent addition in human
expreflions, which often give diftind accounts of proximity,
and tranfeend from one unto another. Brown.
Transcendence* 7 r r, . . .,
Transcendency. \n'f' [from tranfeend.]
1. Excellence; unufual excellence; fupereminence.
2. Exaggeration ; elevation beyond truth.
It is true greatnefs to have in one the frailty of a mart, and
the fecurity of a God : this would have done better in poefy,
where tranfcendencies are more allowed. Bacon’s Effays.
TransceNdent. adj. [tranfeendens, Lat. tranfeendant, Fr.J
Excellent; fupremely excellent; palling others.
Thou, whofe ftrong hand, with fo iranfeendent worth.
Holds high the rein of fair Parthenope. Crajhaw.
There is, in a lawgiver, a habitual and ultimate intention
of a more excellent and tranfeendent nature* Bifop Sanderfon.
If thou beeft he-But O ! how fal’n, how chang’d
From him who in the happy realms of light,
Cloath’d with tranfeendent brightnefs, didft outfliine
Myriads, though bright. Milton.
Oh charming princefs ! Oh tranfeendent maid ! A. Phillips.
The right our Creator has to our obedience is of fo high
and tranfeendent a nature, that it can fuffer no competition;
his commands muft have the firft and governing influence on
all our adions. Rogers's Sermons.
Transcende'ntal. adj. [tranfcendentalisy low Lat.J
1. General; pervading many particulars.
2. Supereminent; pafling others.
Though the Deity perceiveth not pleafure nor pain, as we
do; yet he muft have a perfed and tranfcendental perception
of thefe, and of all other things. Grew's Cofmol. b. ii*
Transce ndiNtly. adv. [from tranfeendent*J Excellently;
fupereminently.
The law of Chriftianity is eminently and tranfcendently
called the word of truth. South's Sermons.
To Tra'nscolate. v. a. [trans and colo, Latin.j To ftrain
through a fieve or colander.
The lungs are, unlefs pervious like a fpunge, unfit to im¬
bibe and tranfcolate the air* Harveyi
To Transcribe, v. a. [tranferiboy Lat. trqnfcrire, Fr.J To
copy ; to write from an exemplar.
He v/as the original of all thofe inventions from which
others did but tranferibe copies. Clarendon.
The moft rigid exadors of mere outward purity do but
tranferibe the folly of him who pumps very laborioufly in a
ftiipj yet negleds to ftop the leak. Decay ofPiety.
tf we Imitate their repentance as wc tranJirik their faults,
we lhall be received with the fame mercy. R-a*rs
Transcriber, n.f [from tranferibe.] A copier; one who
writes from a copy.
A coin is in no danger of having its charaders altered by
copiers and tranferibers. ‘ Addifon,
1 ra nscript. n.f. [tranfcripty Fr. tranfcriptum> Latin ] A
copy ; any thing written from an original.
1 he Grecian learning was but a tranfeript of the Chaldean
and Egyptian ; and the Roman of the Grecian. Glanville.
m The decalogue of Mofes was but a tranfeript, not an original. South's Sermons.
Didate, O mighty Judge ! what thou haft feen
Of cities and of courts, of books and men, v
And deign to let thy fervant hold the pen. 3
Through ages thus I may prefume to live, 3
And from the tranfeript of thy profe receive C,
What my own Ihort-liv’d verfe can never give. Prior, j
Transcription, n.f [trarfcriptions Fr. from tranferiptus.
Lat.J The ad of copying. J *
. ^le ancients were but men; the pradice of tranfcriptioit
in our days was no monfter in their’s : plagiary had not its
nativity with printing, but began in times when thefts were
difficult. _ Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. i.
. 1 he corruptions that have crept into it by many tranferiptions was the caufe of lo great difference. Brerewood.
1 RANSCRI'PTIVELY* adv. [from tranfeript.] In manner of a
copy.
Not a few tranferipthely fubferibing their names to other
mens endeavours, tranferibe all they have written. Brozvn.
To Transcu r. v. n. [tranfeurro, Lat.J To run or rove to
and fro.
By fixing the mind on one objed, it doth not fpatiate and
tranfeur. Bacon
TraNscu'rsion. n.f [from tranfeurfus^ Lat.J Ramble; paffage through ; paffage beyond certain limits; extraordinary
deviation. J
In a great whale, the fenfe and the affeds of any one part
of the body inftantly make a tranfeurfion throughout the
W T°,e# , . Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
1 have briefly run over tranfwfions, as if my pen had been
porting wnh them. _ Cotton's Life ofBuckingham.
His philofophy gives them trahfcurfions beyond the vortex
we breathe in, and leads them through others which are onlv
known in an hypothefis. Glanville's Seep.
1 am to make often tranfewfiom into the neighbouring
forefts as I pafs along. 6 HnJ_
It man were out of the world, who were then left to view
the face of heaven, to wonder at the tranfcurfion of comets.
Mprfs Antidote againjl Atheifm.
Transe. n.f [tranfe, Fr. See Trance.J A temporary abifence of the foul ; an eeftafy. J
Abftrad as in a tranfc^ methought I faw.
Though fleeping, where I lay, and faw the flhape
Still glorious before whom awake I Hood. Milton
Transelementaction, n.f. [trans and element.] Change of
one element into another. °
Rain we allow; but if they fuppofe any other tranfelementation, it neither agrees with* Mofes’s philofophy, nor Saint
Peter s* Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
TranseNion. mf [trans and/m«, Lat.J Change from one
fex to another.
It much impeacheth the iterated tranfexion of hares, if that
be true which fome phyficians affirm, that tranfmutation of
fexes was only fo in opinion, and that thofe transfeminated
perfons were really men at firft. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To TraNsfer. v. a. [transferer, Fr. transfero, Lat.J
I. To convey, or make over, from one to another.
He that tranfers the laws of the Lacedemonians to the
people of Athens; {hould find a great abfurdity and inconve-
^1£nCW State ofIreland.
VV as t not enough you took my crown away,
But cruelly you muft my love betray ?
I was well pleas’d to have transf'err'd my right.
And better chang d your claim of lawlefs might. Dryden*
The king.
Who from himfelf all envy Would femove,
Left both to be determin’d by the laws.
And to the Grecian chiefs transferr'd the caUfei Dryden
This was one perverfe effed of their fitting at eafe under
their vines and fig-trees, that they forget frbm whence thar
eafe came; and transferred all the honour of it upon themV c i • i v . Atterbury's Sermons.
Your facred aid religious monarehs own
When firft they merit, then afeend the throne •
But tyrants dread you, left your juft decree ‘
Transfer the power and fet the people free. Prior.
JlreJmg T !arn n°u °nly lhe ^ons and the fentl-
. t i • an 113 10ns’ ^ut tranrfer to ourfelves the know¬
ledge and improvements of the moft learned men. Watts.
26 T
2. Tci
T R\ A T R A
2. To remove , to tranfport.
T. he king was much moved with this unexpected accident,
hecaufe it was ftirred in fuch a place where he could not wit
fafety transfer his own perfon to lupprefs it. Bacon s Pi. VI .
He thirty rowling years the crown (hall wear.
Then from Lavinium (hall the feat transfer. Dryden.
TRANSFIGURATION. n. f [transfiguration, Fr.]
r. Change of form. . .
In kinds where the difcrimination of fexes is obfeure, thefe
transformations are more common, and in fome without
commixture; as in caterpillars or filkworms, wherein there
is a vifible and triple transfiguration. Broivn s Vulgar Errours.
2 The miraculous change of our blefled Saviour’s appearance
on the mount. _
It cannot be expended that other authors lhould mention par¬
ticulars which Were tranfadfed amongft fome of the difciples ;
fuch as the transfiguration and the agony in the garden. AddiJ.
Did Raphael’s pencil never chufe to fall ?
Say, are his works tYansfigurations all ? Blackmore.
To TRANSFPGURE, v. a. [transfigure French ; trans and
figures, Lat.] To transform; to change with refpeft to out¬
ward appearance. 4
Jefus was ti anfigured before them, and his face did thine
as the fun, and his raiment was white as the light. Matth.
I am the more zealous to tranfigure your love into devo¬
tion, becahfe I have obferved your paflion to have been ex¬
tremely impatient of confinement. Boyle.
The nuptial right-his outrage ftrait attends,
The dow’r defir’d is his transfigur'd friends :
The incantation backward fhe repeats,
Inverts her rod, and what Are did defeats. Garth.
FoTransfi'x. v. a. [transfixus, Lat.] T. o pierce through.
Amongft thefe mighty men were'women mix’d ;
The bold Semiramis, whole ftdes transfix'd
With ton’s own blade, her foul reproaches fpoke. Fa. fjhi.
With linked thunderbolts
Transfix us to the bottom of this gulph. Milton's P. Lojl.
Diana's dart
In an unhappy chace transfix'd her heart. Dryden's Homer.
Nor good Eurytiort envy’d him the prize.
Though he transfix'd the pigeon in the fkies. Dryden.
Till fate fhall with a Angle dart
Transfix the pair it cannot part. Fenton.
To '1 ransfo'rm. v. a. [transformer, Fr. trans and forma,
Latin.] To metamorphofe; to change with regard to exter-
\
She demanded of him, whether the goddefs of thofe woods
had fuch a power to transform every-body. Sidney, b. i.
Love is blind, and lovers cannot fee
The pretty follies that themfelves commit;
For if they could, Cupid himfelf would blufh
To fee me thus transformed to a boy. Shakefpeare.
As is the fable of the lady fair,
Which for her luft was turn’d into a cow;
When thirfty to a ftream fhe did repair,
And faw herfelf transform'd fhe wift not how. Davies.
To Transform, v. n. To be metarnorphofed.
His hair transforms to down, his fingers meet
In Ikinny films and fhape his oary feet. Addifon.
Transformation, n.f [from transform.'] Change offhape;
a<ft of changing the form ; ftate of being changed with re¬
gard to form.
Something you have heard
Of Hamlet’s transformation ; fo I call it.
Since not th’ exterior, nor the inward man,
Refembles that it was. Shakefp.Hamlet.
What beaft could’jft thou be, that were not fubjedt to a
beaft ?
And what a beaft art thou already, and feeft not thy lofs
in transformation ! Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
The menfuration of all manner of curves, and their mu¬
tual transformation, are not worth the labour of thofe who
defign either of the three learned profeflions. . Watts.
TransFreta'tion. n.f. [trans andfretum, Latin.] Paflage
over the lea.
Since the laft transfretation of king Richard the fecond,
the crown of England never lent over numbers ot men fufficient to defend the fmall territory. Davies on Ireland.
To Transfu'se. v.a. [transfufus, Lat.] To pour out of one
into another.
Between men and beafts there is no poflibility of focial
communion ; hecaufe the well-fpring of that communion is
a natural delight which man hath to tranfufe from himfelf
into others, and to receive from others into himfelf, efpecially thofe things wherein the excellency of this kind doth
nioft confift. Hooker, b. i.
Transfus'd on thee his ample fpirit refts. Milton.
When did his mufe from Fletcher feenes purloin,
As thou whofe Eth’ridge doft transfufe to thine ?
But fo transfus'd, as oil and waters How,
His always floats above, thine finks below, Dryden.
Where the juices are in a morbid ftate, if one could fuppofe all the unfound juices taken away and found julceS im¬
mediately transfufed, the found juices would grow morbid. Arb.
Transfusion, n.f. [transfufiton, Fr. transfufus, Lat.] The
a£t of pouring out of one into another.
The crooked part of the pipe was placed in a box, to
prevent the lofs of the quickfilver that might fall afide in the
transfufion from the veftel into the pipe. Boyle.
Poefy is of fo fubtile a fpirit, that in the pouring out of
one language into another it will all evaporate ; and if a new
fpirit be not added in the tranfufion, there will remain nothing
but a caput mortuum. Denham.
Something muft be loft in all transfufion, that is, in all
tranflations, but the fenfe will remain. Dryden.
What noife have we had about tranfplantation of difeafes
and transfufion of blood. Baker's Rcfiedtions on Learning.
To Transgre'ss. v.a. [tranfgreffer, French; tranfgrejfus,
Latin.]
1. To pafs over; to pafs beyond.
Long flood the noble youth opprefs’d with awe.
And ftupid at the vvond’rous things he faw,
Surpafling common faith, tranfgrejfing nature’s law'. Dryd.
2. To violate; to break.
Let no man doubt but that every thing is well done, becaufe the world is ruled by fo good a guide as tranfgrefjeth
not his own law, than which nothing can be more abfolute,
perfect, and juft. Hooker, b. i.
This forrow we muft repeat as often as we tranfgrefs the
divine commandments.' Wake's Preparationfor Death.
To Transgre'ss. v. n. To offend by violating a law.
I would not marry her, though fhe were endowed with all
Adam had left him before he tranfgreffed. Shakefpeare.
Achan tranfgreffed in the thing accurfed. i Chi on. ii. 7.
He upbraideth us with our offending the law, and objedteth to our infamy the tranfgreffings of our education. Wifd.
Tr aissgre'ssion. n.f. [itranfgreffion, Fr. from tranfgrefs.']
1. Violation of a law ; breach of a command.
Shall I abufe this confecrated gift
Of ftrength, again returning with my hair
After my great tranfgreffion : fo requite
Favour renew’d, and add a greater fin. Alilton.
All accufation ftill is founded upon fome law ; for where
there is no law, there can be no tranfgreffion; and where
there can be no tranfgreffion> there ought to be no accufa¬
tion. South's Sermons.
2. Offence ; crime; fault.
V/hat’s his fault ?
^~The flat tranfgreffion of a fchool-boy, who, being over¬
joy’d with finding a bird’s neft, {hews it his companion, and
he fteals it.
—Wilt thou make a truft a tranfgreffion ? The trangreffion
is in the ftealer. Shakefp. Much ado abeut nothing.
Teach us, fweet madam, for our rude tranfgreffion
Some fair excufe. Shakefp. Love's Labour lojl.
Trangre'ssive. adj. [from tranfgrefs.'] Faulty; culpable;
apt to break laws.
Though permitted unto his proper principles, Adam per¬
haps would have finned without the fuggeftion of Satan, and
from the tranlgreffive infirmities of himfelf might have erred
alone, as well as the angels before him. Brown.
Trangre'ssor. n.f. [tranfgreffeur, French, from tranfgrefs.]
Lawbreaker ; violator of command ; offender.
He intended the difeipline of the church fhould be applied
to the greateft and mod fplendid tranfgreffors, as well as to
the punifhment of meaner offenders. Clarendon.
I go to judge
On earth thefe thy tranfgreffors; but thou know’fl:
Whoever judg’d, the worft on me muft light
When time fhall be. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Ill-worthy I, fuch title fhould belong
To me tranfgrejfor ! who for thee ordain’d
A help, became thy fnare. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xi.
TRA'NSIENT. adj. [tranfiens, Lat.] Soon paft ; foon paffing; fhort; momentary; notlafting; not durable.
How foon hath thy prediction, feer bleft !
Meafur’d this tranfient world, the race of time.
Till time ftand fix’d. Milton.
He that rides poft through a country, may, from the tran¬
fient view, tell how in general the parts lie. Locke.
Love hitherto a tranfient gueft.
Ne’er held pofleffion in his breaft. Swift.
What is loofe love ? a tranfient guft,
A vapour fed from wild defire. Pope.
Tra'nsiently. adv. [from tranfient.] In paflage; with a
fhort paflage ; not extenfively.
I touch here but tranfiently, without any ftridl method, on
fome few of thofe many rules of imitating nature which Ariftotle drew from Homer. Dryden.
Tra'nsientness. n.f. [from tranfient.'] Shortnefs of conti¬
nuance ; fpeedy paflage.
It
TR A T R A
It were to be wifhed that all words of this fort, as they
refemble the wind in fury and impetuoufnefs, fo they might
do alfo in Uanfuntne-js and fudden expiration. Dec. of Piety.
Transi'lience. ( n.f [from hanfilio, Lat.] Leap from thing
Transi'liency. \ to thing.
By unadvifed tranfiliency leaping from the effcdl to its remoteft caufe, we obferve not the connection of more imme¬
diate caufalities. Glanville's Seep.
Tra'nsit. n.f [tranfitus, Latin.] In aftronomy, the pafling
of any planet juft by or under any fixt ftar; or of the moon
in particular, covering or moving clofe by any other pla¬
net. Harris.
Transi'tion. n.f. [tratifitio, Latin.]
I.Removal; paflage.
Heat and cold have a virtual tranfition without communi¬
cation of fubftance, but moifture not. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
As for the mutation of fexes, and tranfition into one an¬
other, we cannot deny it in hares, it being obfervable in
man. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. iii.
I have given fome intimations of the changes which hap¬
pen in the interior parts of the earth, I mean the tranfitions
and removes of metals and minerals there. Woodward.
1.Change.
•The fpots are of the fame colour throughout, there being
an immediate tranfition from white to black, and not declin¬
ing gradually, and mixing as they approach. Woodward.
You can fcarce imagine any hero pafling from one ftage
of life to another with fo eafy a tranfition, and fo laudable a
behaviour. Pope.
As once inclos’d in woman’s beauteous mould ;
Thence, by a foft tranfition we repair.
From earthly vehicles to thefe of air. Pope.
3. ['Tranfition, Fr.] Paflage in writing or converfation from
one fubjedt to another.
Then with t> anftion fweet new fpeech refumes. Milton.
Covetoufnefs was none of his faults, but deferibed as a
veil over the true meaning of the poet, which was to fatyrize his prodigality and voluptuoufnefs, to which he makes a
tranfition. Dryden.
Transitive, adj. [tranfitiv'us, Lat.]
1. Having the power of pafling.
One caufe of cold is the contadl of cold bodies; for cold
is adtive and tranfitive into bodies adjacent, as well as heat.
Bacon s Nat. Hijl. N°. 70.
2. [In grammar.]
A verb tranfitive is that which fignifies an adlion, con¬
ceived as having an efFedt upon fome objedt; asfieri0 terrain,
I ftrike the earth. Clarke’s Latin Grammar.
Tra'nsitorily. adv. [from tranfitory.] With fpeedy evanefcence ; with fhort continuance.
TraNsitoriness. n.f. [from tranfitory.] Speedy evanefcence.
TRA'NSITORY. n.f. [tranfitoire, Fr. tranfitorius, from tranfe0, Latin.] Continuing but a Ihort time; fpeedily vanifliing.
If we love things have fought; age is a thing
Which we are fifty years in compafiing ;
If tranfito’y things, which foon decay,
Age muft be lovelieft at the lateft day. Donne.
Religion prefers thofe pleafures which flow from the pre¬
fence of God evermore, infinitely before the tranfitory plea¬
fures of this world. Tillotfon’s Sermons.
To Tra nsla'te. v. n. [;tranflatus, Lat.]
1. To tranfport; to remove.
Since our father is tranfiated unto the gods, our will is
that they that are in our realm live quietly. 2 Mac. xi. 23.
Bv faith Enoch was tranfiated that he fhould not fee death.
Heb. xi. 5.
Thofe argent fields
'Tranfiated faints or middle fpirits hold. Milton.
Of the fame foil their nurfery prepare
With that of their plantation, left the tree
Tranfiated fhould not with the foil agree. Dryden.
The gods their fhapes to winter birds tranflate,
But both obnoxious to their former fate. Dryden.
To go to heaven is to be tranfiated to that kingdom you
have longed for ; to enjoy the glories of eternity. Wake.
2. It is particularly ufed of the removal of a bifhop from one
fee to another.
Fifhcr, bifhop of Rochefter, when the king would have
tranfiated him from that poor bifhoprick to a better, he refufed, faying, he would not forfake his poor little old wife,
with whom he had fo long lived. Camden’s Remains.
3. To transfer from one to another ; to convey.
I will tranflate the kingdom from the houfe of Saul, and
fet up the throne of David. 2 Sam. iii. 10.
Becaufe of unrighteous dealings the kingdom is tranfiated
from one people to another. Eccluf. x. 8.
Lucian affirms the fouls <?f ufurers, after their death, to
be metempfyehofed, or tranfiated into the bodies of afles,
there to remain for poor men to take their pennyworths out
of their bones and fides with the cudgel and fpui. Peacham.
As there are apoplexies from inveterate gouts, the regimen
muft be to tranflate the morbifick matter upon the extremi¬
ties of the body. Arbuthnot.
Perverfe mankind ! whofe wills, created free.
Charge all their woes on abfolute decree ;
All to the dooming gods their guilt tranflate,
And follies are mifcall’d the crimes of fate. p0pL
4. To change.
One do I perfonate of Timon’s frame.
Whom fortune with her iv’ry hand wafts to her,
Whofe prefent grace to prefent flaves and fervants
Tranfiates his rivals. Shakefp. 1 imon of Athens.
Happy is your grace,
That can tranflate the ftubbornnefs of fortune
Into fo quiet and fo fweet a ftyle. Shakefp. As you like it.
5. [Travfiater, old Fr.] To interpret in another language; to
change into another language retaining the fenfe.
I can conftrue the adtion of her familiar ftile, and the
hardeft voice of her behaviour, to be englifhed right, is, I
am Sir John Falftaff’s.
—He hath ftudied her well, and tranfiated her out of honefty into Englifh. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
Nor word for word too faithfully tranflate. Rofcommon.
Read this ere you tranflate one bit
Of books of high renown. Swift.
Were it meant that in defpite
Of art and nature fuch dull clods fhould write,
Bavius and Masvius had been fav’d by fate
For Settle and for Shadwell to tranflate. Duke,
6. To explain. A low colloquial ufe.
There’s matter in thefe fighs, thefe profound heaves
You muft tranflate ; ’tis fit we underftand them. Shakefp.
Translation, n.f. [tranfiatio, Lat. tranfiation, Fr.]
1. Removal; aft of removing.
His difeafe was an afthma; the caufe a metaftafis or tranf¬
iation of humours from his joints to his lungs. Harvey.
Tranflations of morbifick matter arife in acute diftempers.
Arbuthnot.
2. The removal of a bifhop to another fee.
If part of the people be fomewhat in the elediion, you
cannot make them nulls or cyphers in the privation or tranf¬
iation. Bacon’s War with Spain.
The king, the next time the bifhop of London came to
him, entertained him with this compellation, my lord’s grace
of Canterbury, you are very welcome ; and gave order for
all the neceirary forms for the tranfiation. Clarendon.
3. The, add of turning into another language ; interpretation.
A book of his travels hath been honoured with tranfiation
into many languages. Brown’s Vulgar Errours, b. i.
Nor ought a genius lefs than his that writ.
Attempt tranfiation ; for tranfplanted wit.
All the defedts ef air and foil doth fhare.
And colder brains like colder climates are. Denham.
4. Something made by tranfiation; verfion.
Of both tranflations, the better I acknowledge that which
cometh nearer to the very letter of the very original verity.
Hooker, b. v.
Translator, n.f. [tranfiateur, old Fr. from tranflate.] One
that turns any thing into another language.
A new and nobler way thou doft perfue,
To make tranflations and tranfiators too. Denham.
No tranfiation our own country ever yet produced, hath
come up to that of the Old and New Teftament; and I am
perfuaded, that the tranfiators of the Bible were mafters of
an Englifh ftile much fitter for that work than any we fee in
our prefent writings, the which is owing to the fimplicity
that runs through the whole. Swift.
TranslaTory. n. f. [from tranflate.'] Transferring.
The tranfiatory is a lie that transfers the merit of a man’s
good adtion to another more deferving. Arbuthhot.
Transloca'tion. n.f. [trans and locus, Latin.] Removal of
things reciprocally to each others places.
There happened certain tranflocations at the deluge, the
matter conftituting animal and vegetable fubftances being diffolved, and mineral matter fubftituted in its place, and thereby
like tranfiocation of metals in fome fprings. Woodward.
Translu'cency. n.f. [from tranflucent.] Diaphaneity; tranfparency.
Lumps of rock cryftal heated red hot, then quenched in
fair water, exchanged their tranfiucency for whitenefs, the ig¬
nition and extindlion having cracked each lump into a mul¬
titude of minutd bodies. Boyle on Colours.
TRANSLU'CENT. } ddj. [trans and lucens or lucidus Lat.]
TRANSLU'CID. i Tranfparent; diaphanous; clear;
giving a paflage to the light.
In anger the fpirits afeend and wax eager ; which is feen
in the eyes, becaufe they are tranfiucid. Bacon.
Wherever fountain or frefh current flow’d
Againft the eaftern ray, tranflucent, pure.
With touch aetherial of heav’n’s fiery rod,
I drank. Milton.
The golden ewer a maid obfequious brings,
Rcplenilh’d from the cool tranflucent fprings. Pope’s Odyf.
4 Trans-
T R A
Tra'nsmarine. adj. [trctkfmctrinuti Latin.] Lying on the
other fide of the fea ; found beyond fea.
If fhe had not been drained this way, fhc might have made
herfelf miifrefs of Timaurania* her next tranfmarine neigh¬
bour. Howel's Vocal Foreft.
Yb Tra'nsmew. Vi a, [iranfmUto, Lat. tranfmucr, French ]
1 o tranfmute ; to transform ; to metamorphofe , to change.
Obfolete*
When him lift the rafeal routs appall,
Men into ifones therewith he could tranfmew,
And ifones to duif, and duif to nought at all. Fa. Fhicen.
Transmigrant, adj. [tranfmigrans, Lat.] Palling into an¬
other country or Hate.
Befides an union in fovereignty* or a conjunction in padfs*
there are other implicit confederations, that of colonies or
transmigrants towards their mother nation. Bacon's holy War.
To Transmigrate, v. n. [tranfnigro, Lat.] To pafs from
one place or country into another.
This complexion is maintain’d by generation ; fo that
Grangers contrail it not, and the natives which tranfmigrate
omit it not without commixture. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
If Pythagoras’s tranfanimation were true, that the fouls of
men tranfmigrating into fpecies anfwering their former natures,
home men muif live over many ferpents. Brown's Vulg. Err.
Their fouls may tranfmigrate into each other. Howel.
Regard
The port of Luna, fays our learned bard ;
Who, in a drunken dream, beheld his foul
The fifth within the tranfmigrating roll. Dryden*
Transmigration, n.f [tranfrnigration, Fr. from tranfmigrale.] Paflage from one place or ftate into anothef.
T'he fequel of the conjimitlon of natures in the perfon
of Chriif is no aboliihment of natural properties appertaining
to either fubifance, no tranfition or tranfrnigration thereof out
of one fubitance into another. Hooker, h. v.
Seeing the earth of itfelf puts forth plants without feed,
plants may well have a tranfrnigration of fpecies. Bacon.
From the opinion of the metempfyehofis, or tranfmigration of the fouls of men into the bodies of beafts, moil fuitable unto their human condition, after his death, Orpheus
the mufician became a fwan. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Eafing their paffage hence, for intercourfe
Of tranjmigration, as their lot ihall lead. Milton,
’Twas taught by wife Pythagoras,
One foul might through more bodies pafs :
Seeing fuch tranfrnigration there.
She thought it not a fable here. Denham*
When thou wert form’d, heav’n did a man begin.
But the brute foul by chance was fhuffled in :
In woods and wilds thy monarchy maintain.
Where valiant beafts, by force and rapine, reign.
In life’s next feene, if tranfrnigration be.
Some bear or lion is referv’d for thee* Dryden's Aureng.
Transmission, n.f. [tranfmijfon, Fr. tranfmijfus, Latin.]
The a£t of fending from one place to another, or from one
perfon to another.
If there were any fuch notable tranfnijfion of a colony
hither out of Spain, the very chronicles of Spain would not
have omitted fo memorable a thing. Spenfer on Ireland.
Operations by tranfmijjion of fpirits is one of the higheft
fecrets in nature. Bacgn's Nat. Hift. N°. 236.
In the tranfmijfon of the fea-water into the pits, the water
rifeth ; but in the tranfmijfon of the water through the veflels
it falleth. Bacon.
Thefe move fvviftly, but then they require a medium well
difpofed, and their tranfmijfon is eafily flopped. Bacon.
The uvea has a mufculous power, and can dilate and con¬
trail that round hole in it called the pupil, for the better
moderating the tranfmijfon of light. More.
Languages of countries are loft by tranfmijfon of colonies
of a different language. Hale's Origin ofMankind.
This enquiry will be of ufe, as a parallel difeovery of the
tranfnijfion of the Englifh laws into Scotland. Hale.
Their reflexion or tranfmijfon depends on the conftitution
of the air and water behind the glafs, and not the ftriking of
the rays upon the parts of the glafs. Newton's Opticks.
Transmi'ssive. adj. [from tranfmijfus, Lat.] Tranfmitted^
derived from one to another.
And fti'll the fire inculcates to his fon
Ti aufmiffve leflons of the king’s renown. Prior,
Itfelf a fun ; it with tranfrnijfve light
Enlivens worlds deny’d to human fight. Prior.
I hen grateful Greece with ftreaming eyes would raife
Hiftoriek marbles to record his praife ;
ilis praife eternal on the faithful ftone,
Had with tianfnijfve honour grac’d his fon. Pope.
I o 1 ransMi t, v. a. [tranfmitto, Lat. tranjmettre, Fr.] To
fend from one perfon or place to another.
By means oi writing, former ages tranfnit the memorials
of ancient times and things to pofterity. Hale.
He fent orders to his friend in Spain to fell his eftate, and
tranfmit the money to him. Addifon's Spelt. N°. 198*
7
T R A
Thus flourifh’d love, and beauty reign’d in ftate.
Till the proud Spaniard gave this glory’s date:
Paft is the gallantry, the fame remains,
Tranfnitted fafe in Dryden’s lofty fccnes. Granville.
Shine forth, ye planets* with diftinguifh’d light j
Again tranfnit your friendly beams to earth,
As when Britannia joy’d for Anna’s birth. Prior.
TransmiTtal. n.f [from tranfnit.'] The a£l of tranfmitting; tranfmiffion.
Befides the tranfmittal to England of tWo-thirds of the re¬
venues of Ireland, they make our country a receptacle for
their fupernumerary pretenders to offices. Swift.
TransmuTable. adj. [tranfmuable, Fr, from tranfmute.]
Capable of change; poffible to be changed into another na¬
ture or fubftance.
It is no eafy matter to demonftrate that air is fo much as
convertible into water; how tranfnutable it is unto fleflh may
be of deeper doubt. Brown's Vulg. Err. b. iii*
The fluids and folids of an animal body are eafily tranjmutable into one another. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
TransmuTably. adv. [from tranfmute.] With capacity of
being changed into another fubftance or nature.
Transmuta'tion. n.f. [tranfmutation, Fr. tranfmutatio, from
tranfmuto, Latin.] Change into another nature or fubftance.
The great aim of alchemy is the tranfmutation of bafe me¬
tals into gold.
Am not I old Sly’s fon, by birth a pedlar, by education a
cardmaker, by tranfmutation a bear herd. Shakefpeare.
The tranfmutation of plants one into another, is inter magnalia natures, for the tranfmutation of fpecies is, in the vulgar
philofophy, pronounced impoffible; but feeing there appear
fome manifeft inftances of it, the opinion of impolfibility is
to be rejected, and the means thereof to be found out. Bac.
The converfion into a body merely new, and which was
not before ; as filver to gold, or iron to copper, is better
called, for diftinilion fake, tranfmutation. Bacon.
The fame land fuffereth fundry tranfmutations of owners
within one term. Bacon's Office of Alienation.
The changing of bodies into light, and light into bodies,
is very conformable to the courfe of nature, which feems
delighted with tranfmutations. Water, which is a very fluid
taftelefs fait, fhe changes by heat into vapour, which is a
fort of air, and by cold into ice, which is a hard, pellucid,
brittle, fufible ftone j and this ftone returns into water by
heat, and water returns into vapour by cold. Newton.
The fuppofed change of worms into flies is no real tranf¬
mutation ; but moft of thofe members, which at laft be¬
come vifible to the eye, are exiftent at the beginning, arti¬
ficially complicated together. Bentley's Sermons,
To TransmuTe. v. n. [tranfmuto, Lat. tranfmuer, French.]
To change from one nature or fubftance to another.
Suidas thinks, that by the golden fleece was meant a gol¬
den book of parchment which is of Iheeps-fkin, and there¬
fore called golden, becaufe it was taught therein how other
metals might be tranfmuted. Raleigh.
That metals may be tranfmuted one into another I am not
fatisfied of the fa£l. Ray on the Creation.
Patience fov’reign o’er tranfmuted ill. Van. ofhu. Wifhes.
TransmuTer. n.f. [from tranfmute.] One that tranfmutes.
Tra'nsqm. n.f. [tranfenna, Lat.]
1. A thwart beam or lintel over a door.
2. [Among mathematicians.] The vane of an inftrument called
a crofs ftaff, being a piece of wood fixed acrofs with a fquare
focket upon which it Aides* Bailey.
Transparency, n. f. [tranfparence, Fr. from tranfparent,]
Clearnefsj diaphaneity; tranflucence $ power of tranfmitting
light.
A poet of another nation would not have dwelt fo long
upon the clearnefs and tranfparency of the ftream ; but in
Italy one feldom fees a river that is extremely bright and lim¬
pid, moft of them being muddy. Addifon.
Another caufe is the greater tranfparency of the veflels occafioned by the thinnefs and delicacy of their coats. Arbuth.
TRANSPARENT, n.f. [tranfparent, Fr. trans and appareo,
Latin.] Pervious to the light j clear j pellucid j diaphanous i
tranflucent; not opaque.
Nor Ihines the filver moon one half fo bright.
Through the tranfparent bofom of the deep,
As doth thy face through tears of mine give light.
Thou ftlin’ft in every tear that I do weep. Shakefpeare.
Wait upon him with whom you fpeak with your eye ; for
there be many wife men that have fecret hearts and tran¬
fparent countenances. Bacon's EJfays, N°. 23.
Each thought was vifible that roll’d within.
As through a cryftal cafe the figur’d hours are feen ;
And heav’n did this tranfparent veil provide,
Becaufe fhe had no guilty thought to hide. Dryden.
Her bofom appeared all of chryftal, and fo wonderfully
tranfparent, that I faw every thought in her heart. Addifon.
Tranfparent forms, too fine for mortal fight,
Their fluid bodies half-diffolv’d in light. Pope.
Transpicuous.
TR A T R A
Transpicuous, adj. [{runs and fpecio, Latin.] Tranfparent;
pejrvipus to the fight.
What if thatlight.
Sent from her through the wide transpicuous air.
To the terreftrial moon be as a liar. Aiilton.
Now thy wine’s tranfpicuous, purg!d from all
Its earthy grofs, yet Jet it feed awhile
On the fat refute. Philips.
To Transpierce, v. n. [tranfpercer, Fr. tram and pierce.]
To penetrate ; to make way through ; to permeate.
A mind, which through each part infus’d doth pafs,
Fafhions and works, and wholly doth tran pierce
All this great body of the univerfe. Raleigh's H. ofthe IV.
His forceful fpear, which, hilling as it flew,
Pierc’d through the yielding planks of jointed wood :
The tides tranjpie>c'd return a rattling found.
And groans of Greeks inclos’d came ifluing through the
wound. Dryden’s /En.
Transpira'tion. n.f. [tranfpiration, Fr.] Emiffion in va¬
pour.
That a bullet dipped in oil, by preventing the tranfpiration
of air, will carry farther, and pierce deeper, my experience
cannot difeern. Browns Vulgar Errours, b. ii.
The tran piration of the obftrudted fluids is .imagined to be
one of the ways that an inflammation is removed. Sharp.
To TRANSPI'RE. v. a. [tranfp'uo, Lat. tranfpirer, French.]
To emit in vapour.
To Transpi're. v. n. [tranfpirer, Fr.]
1. To be emitted by infenfible vapour.
The nuts when frefh got are full of a foft pulpy matter,
which in time tranfpires, and pafies through the fhelll '
Woodward on Fojjils.
2. To efcape from fecrefy to notice: a fenfe lately innovated
from France, without necefhty.
To Transpla'ce. v. a. [trans and place.] To remove; to
put into a new place.
It was tranjplaced from the left fide of the Vatican unto a
more eminent place. Wilkins's Math. Magick.
To TRANSPLANT, v. a. [trans and planto, Lat. tranfplanter, Fr.]
I'. To remove and plant in a new place.
The noblqft fruits tranfplanted in our ifle,
With early hope and fragrant blofloms fmile. Rofcommon.
Salopian acres flourifh with a growth.
Peculiar ftil’d the Ottley ; be thou firft
This apple to tranfplant. Phillips.
If any tranfplant themfelves into plantations abroad, who
are fchifmaticks or outlaws, luch are not fit to lay the foun¬
dation of a new colony. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
2. To remove.
Of light the greater part he took
Tranfplanted from her cloudy ftirine, and plac’d
In the fun’s orb. Aiilton.
He profpered at the rate of his own wifhes, being tranf¬
planted out of his cold barren diocefe of Saint David’s into a
warmer climate. Clarendon.
Transplanta'tion. n.f. [tranfplantation, Fr.]
1. The adt of tranfplanting or removing to another foil.
It is confelfed, that love changed often doth nothing; nay,
it is nothing ; for love where it is kept fixed to its firft objedl, though it burn not, yet it warms and cherifhes, fo as it
needs, no tranfplantation, or change of foil, to make it fruit¬
ful. Suckling.
2. Conveyance from one to another.
What noife have we had for fome years about tranjplantation of difeafes, and transfufion of blood. Baker.
g. Removal of men from one country to another.
Moft of kingdoms have throughly felt the calamities of
forcihle tranfplantations, being either overwhelmed by new
colonies that fell upon them, or driven, as one wave is, driven
by another to feek new feats, having loft their own. Raleigh.
This appears a replication to what Adenelaus had,offered
concerning the tranfplantation of Ulyfles to Sparta. Broome.
Transpla'nteR* n.f. [from tran/plant.] One that tranfplants.
To Tkanspo'rt. v. a. [trans and porto, Latin; tranfporter,
French.]
1. To convey by carriage from place to place.
] came hither to tranfport the tidings. Shakefpeare.
Why flhould fhe write to Edmund ! might not you
• Tranfport her purpofes by word. Shakefpeare.
Impofe upon men the tranfportation of rivers from one end
of the world to the other, which, among other ufes, were
made to tranfport men. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
A fubterranean wind tranfports a hill
Torn from Pilorus. _ Aiilton.
In the difturbances of a ftate, the wife Pomponius tranfperted all the remaining wifdom and virtue ot his country
into the fancluary of peace, and learning. Dryden•
2. To carry into baniftnnent: as a felon.
We return after being t reported, and are ten times greater
rogues than before. Swift.
f To fentence as a felon to banifnment.
4. To hurry by violence of pafiion.
You are trarfported by calamity
Thither where more attends you, and you flander
The helms o’ th’ ftate. _ Shakefpeare.
They laugh as if tranfported witli fome fit
Of pafiion. Aiilton.
I fhew him once tranfported by the violence of a fudden
pafiion. Dryden.
If an ally not immediately concerned contribute more than
the principal party, he ought to have his fhare in what is
conquered; or if his romantick difpofition tranfpo> t him fo
far as to expedf little or nothing, they fhould make it up in
dignity. Swift.
5. To put into eeftafy; to ravifh with pleafure.
Here tranfported I behold, tranlported touch. Milton.
Thofe on whom Chrift beftovved miraculous cures were fo
tranfported with them, that their gratitude fupplanted their
obedience. Decay of Piety.
Tr a'nsport. n.f. [tranfport, Fr. from the verb.]
1. Tranfportation; carriage; conveyance.
The Romans neglefted their maritime affairs ; for they
ftipulated with the Carthaginians to furnifti them with fhips
for tranfport and war. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. A veffel of carriage; particularly a veffel in which foldiers,.
are conveyed.
Nor dares his tranfport veffel crofs the waves.
With fuch whole bones are not compos’d in graves. Dryd.
Some fpoke of the men of war only, and others added
the tranfports. Arbuthnot on Coins.
3. Rapture; eeftafy.
f A truly pious mind receives a temporal blefling with gra¬
titude, a fpiritual one with eeftafy and tranfport. South's Serm.
Transpo'rtance. n. f. [from tranfport.] Conveyance ; car¬
riage ; removal.
O, be thou my Charon,
And give me fwift tranfpdrtance to thofe fields,'
Where I may wallow in the lilly beds
Propos’d for the deferver ! Shakefp. Troilus and Crcffida.
Transportation, n. f. [from tranfport.]
1. Removal; conveyance; carriage.
Sir Francis Cottington and Mr. Endymion Porter had been
fent before to provide a veffel for their tranlportation.
Woiion's Life of Buckingham.
Some were not fo folieitous to provide againft the plague,
as to know whether we had it from fhe malignity of our own
air, or by t< anjportation. Dryden.
2. Banifliment for felony.
3. Ecftatick violence of pafiion.
All pleafures that affedf the body muft needs weary, becaufe they tranfport, and all tranfportation is a violence; and
no violence can be lafting but determines upon the falling:, of
the fpirits. South.
Transporter, n.f. [from tranfport.] One that tranfports.
The pilchard merchant may reap a fpeedy benefit by dis¬
patching, faving, and felling to the t< anfporters. Carew.
Transpo'sal. n.f. [from tianfpofe.] The adt of putting things
in each other’s place. Swift.
To TRANSPOSE, v. a. [tranfpofer, French; tranfpofitum,
Latin.]
1. To put each in t’ne place of other.
The letters of Elizabetha regina tranfpofed fignify, O Eng¬
land’s fovereign, thou haft made us happy. Camden's Rem.
Tranfpoje the propofitions, making the medius terminus
the predicate of the firft: and the fubjedt of the fecond. Locke.
2. To put out of place.
That which you are my thoughts cannot tranfpofe;
Angels are bright {till, though the brighteft fell. Shakefp.
Transposition, n.f. [tranfpojition, Fr. from tranfpofe.]
1. The adt of putting one thing in the place of another.
2. The ftate of being put out of one place into another.
The common centre of gravity in the terraqueous globe is
fteady, and not liable to any accidental tranfpojition, nor hath
it ever fhifted its ftation. Woodward's Nat. Hijl. p. i.
To Transsha'pe. v. a. [trans and Jhape.] To transform; to
bring into another ftiape.
I’ll tell thee how Beatrice prais’d thy wit: I faid thou hadft
a fine wit; right, faid lhe, a fine little one ; nay, faid I, he
hath the tongues; that I believe, faid file; for he fwore a
thing to me on Monday night which he forlwore on Tuefday
morning; there’s a double tongue: thus did fhe tansjhape
thy particular virtues. Shakefp. Aluch ado about nothing.
To TRANSUBSTANTIATE, v. a. [tranfubjlantier, Fr.j
To change to another fubftance.
O felf traitor, I do bring
The fpider love which tranfubjlantiates all.
And can convert manna to gall.
Nor feemingly, but with keen difpatch
Of real hunger, and concodfive heat
To tranfubjlantiate ; what redounds, tranfpires
Through fpirits with eafe.
26 U
Dorme.
Aiilton.
Tranf
4
*
T R A
Transubstantia'tion. n.f. [tranfubjlantiation^ Fr.] A mi¬
raculous operation believed in the Romifh church, in which
the elements of the eucharift are fuppofed to be changed into
the real body1 and blood of Christ.
How is a Romanift prepared eafily to fwallow, not only
againft all probability, but even the clear evidence of his
fenles, the do&rine of tranjubflantiation ? _ _ _
Transuda'tion. n.f. [from tranfude.] i he a£l of palling in
fweat, or perfpirable vapour, through any integument.
The drops proceeded not from the tranjudation of the
liquors within the glals. . -Boy/**
To TRANSU'DE. v. n. [irons and fudo> Latin.] 1 o pals
through in vapour. .... , , , ,
Purulent fumes cannot be tranfmitted throughout the body
before the maturation of an apofthem, nor after, unlefs the
humour break; becaufe they cannot tranjude through the bag
of an apofthem. Harvey on Confumptions.
Transversal, ad), [tranfue1fa!,¥r. tram and verfalis> Lat.]
Running croffwife.
An afeending line, direct, as from foil to father, or grand¬
father, is not admitted by the law of England ; or in the
tranjverfal line, as to the uncle or aunt, great-uncle or greataunt. Hah.
Transve'rsally. adv. [from tranfuerfal.] In a crofs direction.
There are divers fubtile enquiries and demonftrations con¬
cerning the feveral proportions of fwiftnefs and diftance in an
arrow fhot vertically, horizontally, or tranfverfally. Wilkins.
TRANSVERSE, ad). [tranfverfus, Latin.] Being in a crofs
direction.
His violent touch
Fled and purfu’d tranfue>fe the refonant fugue. Milton.
Part in ftrait lines, part in tranfverfe are found.
One forms a crooked figure, one a round ;
The entrails thefe embrace in fpiral firings,
Thofe clafp th’ arterial tubes in tender rings. Blackmore.
What natural agent could impel them lo ftrongly with a
tranfverfe fide-blow againft that tremendous weight and rapi¬
dity, when whole worlds are a falling ! Bentley's Sermons.
Transversely, adv. [from tranfverfe.'] In a crofs direction.
At Stonehenge the ftones lie tranfverfely upon each other.
Stillingfeet.
In dll the fibres of an animal there is a contractile power;
for if a fibre be cut tranfverfely, both the ends fhrink and
make the wound gape. At buthnot on Aliments.
Transu'mption. n.f. [trans andfumo, Latin.] The act of
taking from one place to another.
Tran'teRS. n.f. Men who carry fifh from the fea-coafts to
fell in the inland countries. Baitey.
TRAP. n.J. [tjiappe, Saxon; trope, Fr. trappola, Italian.]
j. A fifiare fet for thieves or vermin.
Die as thou fhouldeft, but do not die impatiently, and like
a fox catched in a trap. Taylor's holy living.
The trap fprings and catches the ape by the fingers. L'EJlr,
4. An ambufh; a ftratagem to betray or catch unawares.
And lurking clofely, in await now lay,
How he might any in his trap betray. Spenfer.
God and your majefty
Protect mine innocence, or I fall into
The trap is laid for me. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
They continually laid traps to enfnare him, and made finifter interpretations of all the good he did. Calamy.
He feems a trap for charity to lay.
And cons by night his leffon for the day. Dryden.
3. A play at which a ball is driven with a flick.
Unruly boys learn to wrangle at trap, or rook at fpan-farthing. Locke on Education.
He that of feeble nerves and joints complains.
From nine-pins, coits, and from trap-bz\\ abftains. King.
To Trap. v. a. [tpappan, Saxon.]
1. To enfnare; to catch by a fnare or ambufh; to take by
ftratagem.
My brain, more bufy than the lab’ring fpider.
Weaves tedious fnares to trap mine enemies. Shakefp.
If you require my deeds, with ambufh’d arms
I trapp'd the foe, or tir’d with falfe alarms. Dryden.
2. [See Trapping.] To adorn; to decorate.
The fteed that bore him
Was trapp'd with polifh’d fteel, all fhining bright.
And covered with th’ atchievements of the knight. Spenfer.
To fpoil the dead of weed is facrilege:
But leave thefe reliques of his living might
To deck his hearfe and trap his tomb black fteed. Fa. %u.
Lord Lucius prefented to you four milk-white horfes trapt
in filver, Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Trapdo'oR. n.f. [trap and door.] A door opening and fhutting unexpectedly.
The arteries which carry from the heart to the feveral
parts have valves which open outward like trapdoors, and give
"the'blood X free paflage; and the veins, which bring it back
T R; A
to the heart, have valves and trapdoors which open inwards,
fo as to give way into the blood to run into the heart. Ray.
To Trape. v. a. [commonly written to traipfe : probably of
the fame original with drab, j To run idly and fluttifhly about.
It is ufed only of women.
Trapes, n.f [I fuppofe from trape.] An idle flatternly woman.
He found the fullen trapes
Pofleft with th’ devil, worms, and claps. Hudibras, p. iii.
From door to door I’d fooner whine and beg,
Than marry fuch a trapes. Gay's What d'ye call it.
Tra'pstick. n.f. [trap andflick.] A flick with which boys
drive a wooden ball.
A foolifh fwoop between a couple of thick bandy legs and
two long trapjlicks that had no calfs. Spett. N . 559.
Trape'zium. n.f. [rpoMTE^tov ; trapefe, French.] A quadri¬
lateral figure, whole four fides are not equal, and none of its
fides parallel. Ditt.
Two of the lateral trapezia are as broad. Woodward.
Trapezo'id. n.f. [rfec-rri^ov and sid©-*; trapefoide, Fr.] An
irregular figure, whofe four fides are not parallel. Ditt.
Trappings, n.f. [This word Minfhew derives from drop,
French; cloath.]
1. Ornaments appendant to the faddle.
Caparifons and fteeds,
Bafes and tinfel trappings, gorgeous knights
Atjoufl and tournament. Milton.
2. Ornaments; drefs ; embellifhments ; external, fuperficial,
and trifling decoration.
Thefe indeed feem.
But I have that within which pafleth fhew ;
Thefe but the trappings and the fuits of woe. Shakefpeare.
He has fair words, rich trappings, and large promifes; but
works only for his mailer. L'EJlrange.
The points of honour poets may produce.
Trappings of life, for ornament, not ufe. Dryden.
Such pageantry be to the people fhown ;
There boafl thy horfe’s trappings, and thy own. Dryden.
Draw him flrictly fo.
That all who view the piece may know
He needs no trappings of fictitious fame. D-yden.
In fhips decay’d no mariner confides.
Lur’d by the gilded ftern and painted fides ;
Yet at a ball unthinking fools delight,
In the gay trappings of a birth-day night. Swift.
Trash, n.f. [tros, Iflanaick; drufen, German.]
1. Any thing worthlefs ; drofs ; dregs.
Lay hands upon thefe traitors, and their traflo. Shakefp.
Look what a wardrobe here is for thee !
.—Let it alone, thou fool, it is but trafh. Shakefpeare.
Who fleals my purfe, fleals trafh; ’tis fomething, no¬
thing ;
’Twas mine, ’tis his; and has been Have to thoufands.
But he that filches from me my good name,
Robs me of that which not enriches him.
And makes me poor indeed. Shakefpeare's Othello.
More than ten Hollenfhed’s, or Hall’s, or Stow’s,
Of trivial houftiold trafh he knows; he knows
When the queen frown’d or fmil’d. Donne.
The collectors only confider, the greater fame a writer is
in pofleflion of, the more trafh he may bear to have tacked
to him. Swift.
Weak foolifh man ! will heav’n reward us there
With the fame trafh mad mortals wifh for here ? Pope.
2. A worthlefs perfon.
I fufpect this trafh
To be a party in this injury. Shakefpeare's Othello.
3. Matter improper for food, frequently eaten by girls in the
green ficknefs.
O that inflead of trafh thou’dft taken fteel. Garth.
4. I believe that the original fignification of trafh is the loppings
of trees, from the verb.
To Trash, v. a.
1. To lop ; to crop.
Being once perfected how to grant fuits.
How to deny them ; whom t’ advance, and whom
To trafh for overtopping. Shakefpeare's Tempefl»
2. To crufh ; to humble.
Not fuch as was fit to be impofed on hard-hearted Jews,
to encumber and trafh them, but fuch as becomes an inge¬
nuous people. Hammond's Pratt. Catechifm.
Tra'shy. adj. [from traf).] Worthlefs; vile; ufelefs.
A judicious reader will dilcover in his clofet that trafhy
fluff, whofe glittering deceived him in the action. Dryden,
ToTra'vail. v.n. [travailler, Fr.]
1. To labour; to toil.
2. To be in labour; to fuffer the pains of childbirth.
I travail not, nor bring forth children. Ifa. xxiii. 4-
She being with child cried, travailing in birth, and paineu
to be delivered. . &£V'
His heart is in continual labour; it travails with the obli¬
gation, and is in pangs till it be delivered. South's $frM‘
T R A T R A
To Tra'vail. v. a. To harrafs ; to tire.
As if all thele troubles had not been fufficient to travail
the realm, a great divifion fell among the nobility. Hayward.
A gleam of light turn’d thitherward in hafte
His travell'd fteps. Milton.
Tra'vail. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Labour; toil; fatigue.
As every thing of price, fo this doth require travail. Hook.
Such impotent perlons as are unable for llrong travail, are
yet able to drive cattle to and fro to their pallure. Spenfer.
2. Labour in childbirth.
In the time of her travail twins were in her. Gen. xxxviii.
To procure eafy travails of women, the intention is to
bring down the child, but not too faft. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Travi!, Trave'l, or Travi'se. n.f. A wooden frame for
(hoeing unruly horfes, Ainfworth.
To Tra vel, v. n. [This word is generally fuppofed origi¬
nally the fame with travail, and to differ only as particular
from general : in fome writers the word is written alike in
all its fenfes ; but it is more convenient to write travail for
labour, and travel forjourney.~\
Before I go where all in filence mourn*
From whofe dark fliores no travellers return. Sandys.
This was a common opinion among the Gentiles, that the
gods fometimes aflumed human fliape, and converfed upon
earth with ftrangers and travellers. Bentley s Sermons.
2. One who yiffts foreign countries.
Farewel monfieur traveller; look you lifp and wear ftrange
fuits, and difable all the benefits of your own country. Shak*
The traveller into a foreign country knows more by the
eye, than he that ftayeth at home can bv relation of the tra¬
veller. Bacon's New Atlantis.
They are travellers newly arrived in a ftrange country, we
fhould therefore not miffead them. Locke.
Tr a'veltainted. adj. [travel and tainted.] Harraffed ; fa¬
tigued with travel.
I have foundered nine fc6re and odd pofts : and here, trd*
veltaintcd as I am, have, in my pure and immaculate valour,
taken Sir John Coleville, Shakefp. Hen<y IV". p. ii.
TRA'VERS. adv. [French.] Athwart; acrofs. Not ufed.
He fwears brave oaths, and breaks them bravely, quite
travers, athwart the heart of his lover. Shakcfpeare.
To make journeys : it is ufed for fea as well as land, though Tra'verse. adv. [a travers, French.] Croffwife; athwart
fometimes we diftirtguifh it from voyage, a word appropriated
to the fea.
In the foreft fhall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of
Dedanim. Ifa.xxi. 13.
Raphael deign’d to travel with Tobias. Milton.
Fain wou’d I travel to fome foreign fhore.
Bring water from fome hanging grounds, in long furrows ;
and from thofe drawing it traverfe to ipread.
The ridges of the fallow field lay traverfe.
Trave'rse. prep. Through croffwife.
He through the armed files
Darts his experienc’d eye, and foon traverfe
The whole battalion views their order due.
Bacon.
Hayward.
So might Milton. I to myfelf myfelf reftore. Dryden.
If others believed he was an Egyptian from his knowledge Tra'verse. adj. [tranvefus, Lat. travefe, Fr.j Lying acrofs
of their rites, it proves at leaft that he t> avelled there. Pope.
2. To pafs; to go; to move.
By th’ clock ’tis day ;
And yet dark night ftrangles the travelling lamp. Shakefp.
Time travels in divers paces, with divers perfons; I’ll tell
you who time ambles withal, who time trots withal. Shakefp.
Thus flying Eaft and Weft, and North and South,
News travell'd with increafe from mouth to mouth. Pope.
3. To make journeys of curiofity.
Nothing tends fo much to enlarge the mind as travelling,
that is, making a vifit to other towns, cities, or countries,
befide thofe in which we were born and educated. IVatts.
4. To labour ; to toil. This fhould be rather travail.
If we labour to maintain truth and reafon, let not any
think that we travel about a matter not needful. Hooker.
I’ve watch’d and travell'd hard ;
Some time I fhall deep out; the reft I’ll whiftlc. Shakefp.
To Tra'vel. v. a.
To pafs ; to journey over.
Thither to arrive I travel thus profound. Milton.
Prior. 2.
2. To force to journey.
There are other privileges granted unto moft of the cor¬
porations, that they fhall not be charged with garrifons^ and
they fhall not be travelled forth of their own franchifes. Spenf.
Tra'vel. n.f. [travail, Fr. from the noun.]
1. Journey ; aft of palling from place to place.
Love had cut him fhort,
Confin’d within the purlieus of his court.
Three miles he went, nor farther could retreat.
His travels ended at his country-feat. Dryden.
Mingled fend into the dance
Moments fraught with all the treafures.
Which thy eaftern travel views.
2. Journey of curiofity or inftruftion.
Let him fpend his time no more at home.
Which would be great impeachment to his age.
In having known no travel in his youth. Shakefpeare.
Travel in the younger fort is a part of education ; in the
elder a part of experience. Bacon's Efjays, N°. 18.
A man not enlightened by travel or reflexion, grows as
fond of. arbitrary power, to which he hath been ufed, as of
barren countries, in which he has been born and bred. Adclif.
3. Labour; toil. This fhould be travail: as in Daniel.
He wars with a retiring enemy.
With much more travail than with viftory. Daniel.
What think’ft thou of our empire now, though earn’d
With travel difficult. Milton.
4. Labour in childbirth. This fenfe belongs rather to travail.
Thy mother well deferves that fhort delight,
The naufeous qualms of ten long months and travel to
requite. Dryden s Virg.
- ^ Travels. Account of occurrences and obfervations of a
journey into foreign parts.
A book of his travels hath been honoured with the tranflation of many languages. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Hiftories engage the foul by fenfible occurrences ; as alfo
voyages, t>avels, and accounts of countries. IFatts.
Traveller, n.f [travailleur, Fr. from travel.]
1. One who goes a journey ; a wayfarer.
The weary traveller wand’ring that way
Therein did often quench his thirfty heat Fairy Qu. b. ii.
A little ealc to thele my torments give.
lying athwart.
The paths cut with traverfe trenches much encumbered
the carriages until the pioneers levelled them. Hayward.
Oak being ftrong in all pofitions, may be trufted in crofs
and traverfe work for Summers. JVotton's Architect.
Tra'verse. n.f.
1. Any thing laid or built crofs.
The Tirfan cometh with all his generation; and if there be
a mother from whom the whole lineage defcended, there is a
traverfe placed in a loft where fhe fitteth. Bacons
Some wind inftruments are blown at a fmall hole in the
fide, which ftraiteneth the breath at the firft entrance; the
rather in refpeft of their traverfe and flops above the hole,
which performeth the Apple’s part. Bacon-.
2. Something that thwarts, crofles, or ojbftrufts ; crofs acci*
dent; thwarting obftacle. This is a fenfe rather French
than Englifh.
A juft and lively pifture of human nature in its aftions,
paflions, and traverfes of fortune. Dryden.
He fees no dereft in himfelf, but is fatisfied that he fhould
have carried on his defigns well enough, had it not been for
unlucky traverfes not in his power. Locke.
To Tra'verse. v. a. [traverfer, Fr. It was anciently ac¬
cented on the laft fyllable.]
I. To crofs ; to lay athwart.
Myfelf, and fuch
As flept within the fhadow of your power,
Have wander’d with our traverfl arms, and breath'd
Our fufferance vainly. Shakefp. Timoyi of Athens.
The parts fhould be often traverfed or crofled by the flow¬
ing of the folds which loofely encompafs them, without fit¬
ting too ftraight. Dryden's Duf efr.oyt
To crofs by way of oppofition; to thwart with obftacles.
This treatife has, fince the firft conception thereof, been
often traverfed with other thoughts. Wotton.
You lave th’ expence of long litigious laws.
Where fuits are tiavers'd, and fo little won,
That he who conquers is but laft undone. Dryden.
John Bull thought himfelf now of age to look after his
own affairs ; Frog refolved to traverfe this new projeft, and
to make him uneafy in his own family. A buthnot.
•.To oppofe fo as to annul. A law term.
Without a good (kill in hiftory, and a new geography to
underftand him aright, one may lofe himfelf in t> averfing the
decree. Baler's Refleftions on Lea ning.
[..To wander over ; to crofs.
He many a walk travers'd
Of ftatelieft covert, cedar* pine, or palm.
The lion fmarting with the hunter’s fpear, <•
Though deeply wounded* no way yet difmay’d ;
In fullen fury travefes the plain,
To find the vent’rous foe.
Believe me, prince, there’s not an African
That traverfes our vaft Numidian defarts
In queft of prey, and lives upon his bow,
But better praftifes thele boafted virtues. Addifcn's Cette.
What Teas you t avers d and what fields you fought! Pope.
5.Tofurvey; to examine thoroughly.
My purpofe is to Uaverje the nature, principles, and pro¬
perties, of this deteftable vice, ingratitude. South's Sen
To 1 ra'vkrse. 'V. n. To ufe a pofture of oppoiitig
fencing.
4 To
Milton,
Pi hr.
' mens*
jppofitfon in
TRE TRE
To fee thee fight, to fee thee travelfe, to fee thee here,
to fee thee there. Sbakefp. Merry Wives ofJVindfor.
Tra'vesTY. adj. [travejli, Ffj] Dreffed fo as to be made ri¬
diculous ; burlefqued.
Trauma'tick. ad. [rpavpalixoi.] Vulnerary.
I deterged and difpofed the ulcer to incarn, and to do fo I
put the patient into a traumatick decodtion. Wifeman's Surgery.
Tray. n. f. [tray, Swedith.J A thallow wooden velfel in
which meat or filh is carried.
Sift it into a tray, or bole of wood. Maxon's Mech. Exer.
No more her care (hall fill the hollow tray.
To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.
Tra'ytrip. n.f A kind of play, I know not of what kind.
Shall I play my freedom at traytrip, and become thy bond
Have. Shakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Tre'acherous. adj. [from treachery.] Faithlefs ; perfidious ;
guilty of dderting or betraying.
He bad the lion to be remitted
Unto his feat, and thofe fame treacherous vile
Be punch’d for their prefumptuous guile. Hubberd's Tale-.
Defire in rapture gaz’d awhile,
And faw the treach’rous goddefs fmile. Swift.
Tr e'acherously. adv. [from t> eacherousi] Faithlefsly; perfidioufly ; by treafon ; by ftratagem.
Then ’gan Caraufius tyrannize anew,
And him Aledtus treacheroufy flew,
And took on him the robe of emperor. Fairy £ht. b. ii.
Thou haft flain
The flower of Europe for his chivalry.
And treacheroufy haft thou vanquifh’d him, Shakefpeare.
Let others freeze with angling reeds,
Or treacheroufy poor fifh befet.
P, to’
With ftrangling fnare, or winding net. Dome.
I treated, trufted you, and thought you mine;
When, in requital of my beft endeavours.
You treachet eufy practis’d to undo me.
Seduc’d my only child, and ftole her. Otway.
They bid him ftrike, to appeafe the ghoft
Of his poor father treacheroufy loft. Dryden's Juvenal.
T. re'acherousis ess. n. f. [from treacherous.] The quality of
being treacherous ; perfidioufnefs.
TRE'ACHERY. n.f [trichetie, French.] Perfidy ; breach of
faith.
Trea'chf.tor. In. f. [from tricher, tricheur, Fr.] A traitor ;
Tre^achour. $ one who betrays ; one who violates his
faith or allegiance.
Good Claudius with him battle fought,
In which the king was by a treachetour
Difguifed flain. Fairy Shieen, b. ii.
Where may that treachour then be found,
Or by what means may I his footing trail. Fairy Fpueen.
Tre'acle. n. f. [triacle, Fr. triackle, Dutch ; theriaca, Lat.J
I.A medicine made up of many ingredients.
The phyfician that has obferved the medicinal virtues of
't' eacle, without knowing the nature of each of the fixty odd
ingredients, may cure many patients with it. Boyle.
T eacle water has much of an acid in it. Floyer.
Moloffes ; the fpume of fugar.
To Tread, v. n. pret. trod. part, paff. trodden. [trudan, Gothick ; rpefean, Saxon ; treden, Dutch.]
j. To fet the foot.
He ne’er drinks,
But Timon’s filver treads upon his lip. Shakefpeare.
Thofe which perfume the air moft, being trodden upon
and crufhed, are burnet, wild thyme, and water mint;
therefore fet whole alleys of them, to have the pleafure when
you walk or tread. Bacon s EJJays.
Thofe dropping gums
Afk riddance, if we mean to tread with eafe. Milton.
Where’er you tread the blufliing flow’rs (hall rife. Pope.
2. To trample ; to fet the feet in fcorn or malice.
Thou
Muft, as a foreign recreant, be led
With manacles along our ftreet, or elfe
Triumphantly tread on thy country’s ruin,
And bear the palm. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Thou (halt tread upon their high places. Deut. xxxiii. 29.
3. To walk with form or ftate.
When he walks, he moves like an engine.
And the ground fhrinks before his treading. Shakefpeare.
Ye that ftately tread or lowly creep. Milton.
4. To copulate as birds.
When fhephcrds pipe on oaten ftraws j
When turtles tread Shakefpeare.
What diftancc between the treading or coupling, and the
laying of the egg ? Bacon s Nat. Hijl.
1 hey bill, they tread, Alcyone comprefs’d,
Seven days iits brooding on her floating neft. Dryden,
To Tread, v. a.
1.To walk on ; to feel under the foot.
Would I had never t odthis Englifh earth.
Or felt the flatteries that grow upon it! Shakefpeare.
He dy’d obedient to fevereft lav/;
Forbid to tread the promis’d land he faw.
2. To prefs under the foot.
Tread the fnuft out on the floor to prevent {linking. Stv'Pt
3. To beat; to track.
full ot briars is this working world.
’ They are but burs : if we walk not in the trodden paths,
our very petticoats will catch them. Shake]}. As you like it.
4. T o walk on in a formal or ftately manner.
Methought file trod the ground with greater grace. Dry.
S’ To ciulh under foot; to trample in contempt or hatred.
Through thy name will we tread them under that rife
T , p/a.xliv.j-.
Why was I rais d the meteor of the world,
Hung in the fkies, and blazing as I travell’d
’Till all my fires were fpent; and then caft downward
To be trod out by Caefar ? Dryden's Allfor Love.
6. To put in action by the feet.
They tread their wine-preffes and fuffer thirft. Jobxxw.
7. To love as the male bird the female.
He feather’d her and trod her. Dryden's Fables.
Tread, n.f [from the verb.] Footing; ftep with the foot.
If the ftreets were pav’d with thine eyes.
Her feet were much too dainty for fuch tread. Shakefpeare.
The quaint mazes in the wanton green.
For want of tread, are undiftinguifhable. Milton.
High above the ground
Their march was, and the paflive air upbore
Their nimble tread. Milton.
The dancer on the rope, with doubtful tread,
Gets wherewithal to cloath and buy him bread. Dryden.
How wert thou wont to walk with cautious tread,
A difh of tea, like milk-pail, on thy head ! Swift.
2. Way; track; path.
Cromwell is the king’s fecretary: further,
Stands in the gap and tread for more preferment. Sbakefp.
3. The cocks part in the egg.
Tre'Ader. n.f. [from tread.~\ He who treads.
The treaclers fhall tread out no wine in their preffes. Ifa.
Tre'adle. n.f. [from tread.\
1. A part of an engine on which the feet aft to put it in mo¬
tion.
The farther the fore-end of the treadle reaches out beyond
the fore-fide of the lathe, the greater will the fweep of the
fore-end of the treadle be, and confequently the more revo¬
lutions is made at one tread. Moxon's Mech. Exercifes.
2. The fperm of the cock.
Whether it is not made out of the garm, or treadle of the
egg, feemeth of leffer doubt. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
At each end of the egg is a treadle, formerly thought to
be the cock’s fperm. De> ham.
TRE'ASON. n.f. [trahifon, French.] An offence committed
againft the dignity and majefty of the commonwealth : it is
divided into high treafon and petit treafon. High treafon is
an offence againft the fecurity of the commonwealth, or of
the king’s majefty, whether by imagination, word, or deed ;
as to compafs or imagine treafon, or the death of the prince^
-or the queen confort, or his fon and heir-apparent; or to de¬
flower the king’s wife, or his eldeft daughter unmarried,
or his eldeft fon’s wife ; or levy war againft the king in his
realm, or to adhere to his enemies by aiding them3; or to
counterfeit the king s great feal, privy feal, or money; or
knowingly to bring falfe money into this realm counterfeited
like the money of England, and to utter the fame; or to
kill the king’s chancellor, treafurer, juftice of the one bench,
or of the other; juftices in Eyre,, juftices of aflize, juftices
of oyer and terminer, when in their place and doiiw their
duty ; or forging the king’s feal manual, or privy fio-net; or
diminifhing or impairing the current money : and° in fuch
treafon, a man forfeits his lands and goods to the king : and
it is called treafon paramount. Petit treajon is when a fervant
kills his mafter, a wife her hufband ; fecular or religious kills
his prelate: this treafon gives forfeiture to every lord within
his own fee : both treafons are capital. Cowcl.
Man difobeying,
Difloyal breaks his fealty, and°fins
Againft the high fupremacy of heaven :
To expiate his treafon hath nought left. Milton.
He made the overture of thy treafons to us. Shakejpeare.
Athaliah cried, treafoni treajon. 2 Kings xi. 14.
Treasonable, ladj. [from treafon.] Having the nature or
Treasonous. ) guilt of treafon. Tteajcnous is out of ufe.
Him by proofs as clear as founts in July
I know to be corrupt and treajonous. Sbakefp. Flenry VIII.
Againft the undivulg’d pretence I fight
Of tteas'nous malice. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Moft mens heads had been intoxicated with imaginations
of plots, and triafonablc practices. Clarendon.
Were it a draught for June when fhe banquets,
I wou’d not tafte thy treafonous offer. Miltcn.
A credit to run ten millions in debt without parliamentary
lecurity is dangerous, illegal, and perhaps t eajonable. Swift.
I ~ . TREASURE.
TRE T R E
TREASURE, n.f. [irefory Fr. thefaurus, Latin.] Wealth
hoarded ; riches accumulated.
An inventory, importing
The feveral parcels of his plate, his treafure,
Rich fluffs. Shakefpeare’s Henry VIII.
They built treafure cities. Exod. i. II.
He ufed his laws as well for colletiing of treafure, as for
corretiing of manners. Bacon.
Gold is treafure as well as filver, becaufe not decaying,
and never finking much in value. Locke.
ToTre'asure. v. a. [from the noun.] To hoard ; to repofit ; to lay up.
After thy hardnefs and impenitent heart thou treafurejl up
unto thyfelf wrath againft the day of wrath. Rom. ii. 5*
Pratiical principles are treafured up in man’s mind, that,
like the candle of the Lord in the heart of every man, dilcovers what he is to do, and what to avoid. South.
No, my remembrance treafures honeft thoughts.
And holds not things like thee ; I fcorn thy fricndfhip.
Rovue.
Some thought it mounted to the lunar fphere.
Since all things loft on earth are treafur’d there. Pope.
Tre'asurer. n.f. [from treafure; treforier, Fr.] One who
has care of money; one who has charge of treafure.
This is my treafurer, let him fpeak
That I have referv’d nothing. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Before the invention of laws, private affections in fupreme
rulers made their own fancies both their treafurers and hang¬
men, weighing in this balance good and evil. Raleigh.
Tre'asurership. n.f. [from treafurer.'] Office or dignity of
treafurer.
He preferred a bafe fellow, who was a fuitor for the treafurerjhipy before the moft worthy. Hakewill.
Tre'asurehouse. n.f. [t eajure and houfe.~\ Place where
hoarded riches are kept.
Let there be any grief or difeafe incident to the foul of
men, for which there is not in this treafurehoufe a prefent
comfortable remedy to be found. Hooker, b. v.
Thou filver treafurehoufey
Tell me once more, what title doft thou bear ? Shakefp.
Gather together into your fpirit, and its treafurehoufey the
memory, not only all the promifes of God, but alfo the for¬
mer fenfes of the divine favours. Taylor’s holy living.
Tre'asury. n.f. [from eafwe ; treforeriey Fr.] A place in
which riches are accumulated.
And make his chronicle as rich with prize,
As is the ouzy bottom of the fea
With funken wreck and fumlefs treafuries. Shakefpeare.
Thy fumptuous buildings
Have coft a mafs of publick treafury. Shakefp. Henry VI.
And yet I know not how conceit may rob
The treafury of life, when life itfelf
Yields to the theft. Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
He had a purpofe to furnilh a fair cafe in that univerfity
with choice collections from all parts, like that famous trea¬
fury of knowledge at Oxford. Wotton.
The ftate of the treafury the king beft knows. Temple.
Phyficians, by treafwies of juft obfervations, grow to (kill
in the art of healing. Watts.
To Treat, v. a. [traitery Fr. truttoy Lat.]
1. To negotiate ; to fettle.
To treat the peace, a hundred fenators
Shall be commiffioned. Dryden’s An.
2. [Traftoy Lat.] To difeourfe on.
3. To ufe in any manner, good or bad.
He treated his prifoner with great harftmefs. Spectator.
Since living virtue is with envy curs’d,
And the beft men are treated like the worft;
Do thou, juft goddefs, call our merits forth.
And give each deed th’ exadl, intrinfick worth. Pope.
4. To handle; to manage; to carry on.
Zeuxis and Polygnotus treated their fubjetis in their pic¬
tures, as Homer did in his poetry. Dryden.
5. To entertain with expence.
To Treat, v. n. [traitery P'r. rpahtian, Saxon.]
1. To difeourfe; to make difeuffions.
Of love they treat till th’ ev’ning ftar appear’d. Milton.
Abfence, what the poets call death in love, has given occafion to beautiful complaints in thofe authors who have treat¬
ed of this paffion in verfe. Addifon’s Spoil.
2. To praclife negotiation.
The king treated with them. 2 Mac. xiii. 22.
3. To come to terms of accommodation.
Inform us, will the emp’ror treat ? Swift.
4. To make gratuitous entertainments.
Treat, n.f. [from the verb.]
1.An entertainment given.
This is the ceremony of my fate ;
A parting treaty and I’m to die in ftate. Dryden.
He pretends a great concern for his country, and infight
into matters : now fuch profeffions, when recommended by
. a treaty difpofe an audience to hear reafon. Collier.
What tender maid but muft a vi&im fall
For one man’s treat, but for another’s ball ? Pope.
2.Something given at an entertainment.
Dry figs and grapes, and wrinkled dates were fet,
In canifters t’ enlarge the little treat. Dryden.
The King of gods revolving in his mind
Lycaon’s guilt and his inhuman t eat. Dryden.
Tre'atable. adj. [traitaklcy Fr.] Moderate; not violent.
A virtuous mind fhould rather wifh to depart this world
with a kind of treatable diffolution, than be fuddenly cut oft'
in a moment, rather to be taken than (hatched away. Hooker.
The heats or the colds of feafons are lefs t< eatable than
with us. > Temple.
Tre'atise. n.f. [frafiatusy Latin.] Difeourfe; written trac¬
tate.'
The time has been my fell of hair
Wou’d at a difmal t eatife rouze, and ftir
As life were in’t. Shakefpeare.
Befides the rules given in this treatife to make a perfedl
judgment of good pi&ures, there is required a long converfation with the beft pieces. Dryden's Duft e noy.
Treatment, n.f. [t>aitmenty French.] Ufage; manner of
ufing good or bad.
Scarce an humour or character which they have not ufed ;
all comes wafted to us : and were they to entertain this age,
they could not now make fuch plenteous treat?nent. D>yden.
Accept fuch treatment as a fwain affords. Pope.
Treaty, n.f. [traite, Fr.]
1. Negotiation; a£l of treating.
She began a treaty to procure ;
And ftablifh terms betwixt both their requefts. Fa. Ffu.
2. A compati; of accommodation relating to publick affairs.
A peace was concluded, being rather a bargain than a
treaty. Bacon's Henry VII.
Echion
Let fall the guiltlefs weapon from his hand,
And with the veil a peaceful treaty makes. Addifon's Ovid.
3. For entreaty : fupplication ; petition; folicitation.
He caft by treaty and by trains
Her to perliiade. Spenfer.
I muft
To the young man fend humble treatiesy doge.
And palter in the fhift of lownefs. Shakefpeare.
Tre'ble. adj. [tripley Fr. tdpluSy tripleXy Lat.]
1. Threefold; triple.
Some I fee,
That twofold balls and treble feeptres carry. Shakefpeare.
Who can
His head’s huge doors unlock, whofe jaws with great
And dreadful teeth in treble ranks are fet. Sandys.
All his malice ferv’d but to bring forth
Infinite goodnefs, grace, and mercy fhewn
On man by him feduc’d; but on himfelf
Treble confufion, wrath, and vengeance pour’d. Milton.
A lofty tow’r, and ftrong on ev’ry fide
With treble walls. Dryden’s An.
The pious Trojan then his jav’lin fent,
The Ihield gave way; through treble plates it went
Of folid brafs. Dryden’s Ain.
2. Sharp of found. A mufical term.
The fharper or quicker percuffion of air caufeth the more
treble found, and the lower or heavier the more bafe found.
Bacon s Nat. Hifl. N°. 179.
To Tre'ble. D. a. [from the adjedtive; triplico, Lat. triplet-,
Fr.] To multiply by three ; to make thrice as much.
She conceiv’d, and trebling the due time,
Brought forth this monftrous mafs. Spenfer.
I would not be ambitious in my wilh,
To wifh myfelf much better ; yet for you,
I would be trebled twenty times myfelf,
A thoufand times more fair. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
Aquarius Ihines with feebler rays,
Four years he trebles, and doubles fix fcore days. Creech.
To Tre'ble. v. n. To become threefold.
Whoever annually runs out, as the debt doubles and trebles
upon him, fo doth his inability to pay it. Swift.
Tre'ble. n.f. A lharp found.
The treble cutteth the air fo lharp, as it returneth too fwift
to make the found equal; and therefore a mean or tenor is
the fweeteft. Bacon.
The lute ftill trembles underneath thy nail:
At thy well-lharpen’d thumb from Ihore to Ihore,
The trebles fqueak for fear, the bafes roar. Dryden.
Tre'bleness. n.f. [from treble.] The ftate of being treble.
The juft proportion of the air percuffed towards the bafenefs or treblenefs of tones, is a great fecret in founds. Bacon.
Tre'bly. adv. [from treble.] Thrice told ; in threefold num¬
ber or quantity.
His jav’lin fent.
The Ihield gave way; through treble plates it went
Of folid brafs, of linnen trebly roll’d. Dryden’s Ain.
26 X The
T R E TRE
The feed being fo neceflary for the maintenance of the
feveral fpecies, it is in fome doubly and trebly defended. Ray.
TREE, n.f trie, Iflandick; tree, Danifh.]
1. A large vegetable rifing, with one woody flem, to a confiderable height.
Trees and lhrubs, of our native growth in England, are
diftinguifhed by Ray. i. Such as have their flowers disjoint¬
ed and remote from the fruit; and thefe are, i. Nuciferous
ones ; as, the walnut tree, the hazel-nut tree, the beach,
the chefnut, and the common oak. 2. Coniferous ones;
of this kind are the Scotch firs, male and female; the pine,
the common alder tree, and the birch tree. 3. Bacciferous ;
as, the juniper and yew trees. 4. Lanigerous ones ; as, the
black, white, and trembling poplar, willows, and ofiers of
all kinds. 5. Such as bear their feeds, having an imperfect
flower, in leafy membranes ; as, the horfe-bean. 6. Such
as have their fruits and flowers contiguous ; of thefe fome are
pomiferous; as, apples and pears : and fome bacciferous; as,
the forb or fervice tree, the white or hawthorn, the wild
rofe, fweet brier, currants, the great bilbery bufh, honeyfuckle, joy. Pruniferous ones, whofe fruit is pretty large
and foft, with a ftone in the middle; as, the black-thorn or
floe tree, the black and white bullace tree, the black cherry,
(Ac. Bacciferous ones; as, the ftrawberry tree in the
weft of Ireland, mifletoe, water elder, the dwarf, a large
laurel, the viburnum or way-fairing tree, the dog-berry tree,
the fea black thorn, the berry-bearing elder, the p-ivet bar¬
berry, common elder, the holy, the buckthorn, the berry¬
bearing heath, the bramble, and fpindle tree or prickwood.
Such as have their fruit dry when ripe; as, the bladder nut
tree, the box tree, the common elm and afh, the maple, the
gaule or fweet willow, common heath, broom, dyers wood,
furze or gorfe, the lime tree, (Ac. Miller.
Sometime we fee a cloud that’s dragonilh,
A forked mountain, or blue promontory
With trees upon’t, that nod unto the world.
And mock our eyes with air. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Who can bid the tree unfix his earth-bound root. Sbak.
It is pleafant to look upon a tree in Summer covered with
green leaves, decked with blofloms, or laden with fruit, and
calling a pleafant lhade : but to confider how this tree fprang
from a little feed, how nature lhaped anu fed it till it came
to this greatnefs, is a more rational pleafure. Burnet.
Trees Ihoot up in one great Item, and at a good diftance
from the earth, fpread into branches ; thus goofeberries are
fhrubs, and oaks are trees. Locke.
2. Any thing branched out.
Vain are their hopes who fancy to inherit.
By trees of pedigrees, or fame or merit:
Though plodding heralds through each branch may trace
Old captains and dictators of their race. Dryden.
Tree ge' mander. n.f. A plant.
Tree oflife. n.f. [lignum vita, Latin.] An evergreen: the
wood is efteemed by turners. Miller.
Tp ee p’im> ofe. n. f. A plant.
Treen. old plur. of tree.
Well run greenhood, got between
Under the fand-bag he was feen;
Lowting low like a for’fter green,
He knows his tackle and his treen. Benj. Johnfon.
Treen. adj. Wooden ; made of wood. Obfolete.
Sir Thomas Rookefby, being controlled for firft fuffering
himfelf to be ferved in treen cups, anfwered, thefe homely
cups pay truly for that they contain : I had rather drink out
of treen and pay gold and filver, than drink out of gold and
filver and make wooden payments. Camden.
Tre'foil. n. f. [trifolium, Lat.] A plant.
The trefoil hath a papilionaceous flower, confifting of the
ftandard, the wings and keel coming out of the empalement
together with the pointal covered with its fringed fheath : it
becomes a capfule hidden in the empalement, and full of
feeds fhaped like a kidney, adhering clofe to the capfule when
ripe: fome have flowers confifting of one leaf, and filled
with kidney-fhaped feeds: to this muft be added, that the
leaves1 grow by threes, feldom by four or fives, on a common
footftalk. Miller.
Hope, by the ancients, was drawn in the form of a fweet
and beautiful child, ftanding upon tiptoes, and a trefoil, or
three-leaved grafs in her hand. Peacbam on D/azving.
Some fow trefoil or rye-grafs with their clover. Mortimer.
TRBTLLAGE. n.f. [French.]
Treillage is a contexture of pales to fupport efpaliiers,
making a diftindt inclofure of any part of a garden. Trevoux.
1 here are as many kinds of gardening as of poetry:
makers of flower-gardens are epigrammatifts and fonneteers,
contrivers of bowers, grotto’s, treillages, and cafcades, are
romance writers. Spectator, N°. 477.
TRE'LLIS. n.f. [French.] Is a ftrudture of iron, wood,
or olier, the parts eroding each other like a lattice. Trevoux.
To Fre'mble. v. n. [trembler, Fr. tremo, Lat.]
i. To fhake as with fear or cold ; to driver; to quake j to
fhudder.
My compaflionate heart
Will not permit my eyes once to behold
The thing, whereat it trembles by furmife. Sbakefpeare.
God’s name
And power thou tremblejl at. Sbakefpeare’s Henry VI.
Shew your flaves how cholerick you are.
And make your bondmen tremble. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble.
Touches us not with pity. Shakefp. King Lear.
They fhall fear and tremble. Jer. xxxiii. 9.
When he heard the king, he fell into fuch a trembling that
he could hardly fpeak. Clarendon,
Frighted Turnus trembl'd as he fpoke. Dryden's JEn.
He fhook the facred honours of his head,
With terror trembl'd heav’n’s fubfiding hill,
And from his fhaken curls ambrofial dews diftil. Dryden.
Ye powers, revenge your violated altars,
That they who with unhallow’d hands approach
May tremble. Rowes
2. To quiver; to totter.
Sinai’s grey top fhall tremble. Milton.
We cannot imagine a mafs of water to have flood upon
the middle of the earth like one great drop, or a trembling
jelly, and all the places about it dry. Burnet.
3. To quaver; to fhake as a found.
Winds make a noife unequally, and fometimes when ve¬
hement t: emble at the height of their blaft. Bacon.
Tre'mblingly. adv. [from trembling.] So as to fhake or
quiver.
, Tremblingly fhe flood.
And on the fudden dropt. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Say what the ufe, were finer opticks giv’n,
Or touch, if tremblingly alive all o’er,
To fmart and agonize at every pore ? Pope.
Treme'ndous. adj. [trernendus, Latin.] Dreadful; horrible;
aftonifhingly terrible.
There ftands an altar where the prieft celebrates fome
myfteries facred and tremendous. Taller, N°. 57.
In that portal fhou’d the chief appear.
Each hand tremendous with a brazen fpear. Pope's Odyffey.
Tre'mour. n.f. [tremor, Lat.]
1. The ftate of trembling.
He fell into an univerfal tremour of all his joints, that
when going his legs trembled under him. Harvey.
By its ftyptick and ftimulating quality it affedls the nerves,
occafioning tremours. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Quivering or vibratory motion.
Thefe liars do not twinkle when viewed through telefcopes
which have large apertures : for the rays of light which pafs
through divers parts of the aperture tremble each of them
apart, and by means of their various, and fometimes con¬
trary tremors fall at one and the fame time upon different
points in the bottom of the eye. Newton.
Tre'mulous. adj. [tremulus, Lat.]
1. Trembling; fearful.
The tender tremulous chriftian is eafily diftradled and amazed
by them. Decay ofPiety.
2. Quivering; vibratory.
Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, imprefles
a fwift tremulous motion in the lips, tongue or palate, which
breath paffmg fmooth does not. Holder.
As thus th’ effulgence tremulous I drink.
The lambent light’nings fhoot acrofs the Iky. Thomfon.
Tre'mulousness. n.f. [from tremulous.} The ftate of qui¬
vering.
Tren. n.f. A fifh fpear. Ainf.
To Trench, v. a. [trancher, Fr.]
1. To cut.
Safe in a ditch he bides,
With twenty trenched gafhes on his head. Sbakefpeare.
This weak imprefs of love is as a figure
Trench'd in ice, which with an hour’s heat
Diffolves to water, and doth lofe his form. Sbakefpeare.
2. To cut or dig into pits or ditches.
Pioneers yvith fpades and pickax arm’d,
Forerun the royal camp to trench a field. Milton.
Trench the ground, and make it ready for the Spring.
Evelyn.
Firft draw thy faulchion, and on ev’ry fide
Trench the black earth a cubit long and wide. Pope.
The trenching plough or coulter is ufeful in pafture-ground,
to cut out the Tides of trenches or drains. Mortimer.
Trench, n.f. [tranche, Fr.]
1. A pit or ditch.
On that coaft build.
And with a trench enclofe the fruitful field. Dryden's JEn.
When you have got your water up to the higheft part of
the land, make a fmall trench to carry fome of the water in,
keeping it always upon a level. Mortimer's Hufb.
2. Earth thrown up to defend foldiers in their approach to a
town, or to guard a camp.
The
T R E T R E
The citizens of Corioli have ifTued forth
And given to Lartius and to Marcius battle :
I faw our party to the trenches driven,
And then I came away. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
William carries on the trench,
Till both the town and caftle yield. Prior.
Tre'ncha-vT. adj. [trenchant, Fr. f Cutting; (harp.
He fiercely took his trenchant blade in hand.
With which he ftruck lb furious and fo fell,
That nothing feem’d the puiffance could withftand. F. &K
Againft a vanquifh’d foe, their fvvords
Were lharp and tt enchant, not their words. Hudibras.
Tr e'ncher. n,f [from t. ench ; trenchoir, Fr.]
1. A piece of wood on which meat is cut at table.
No more
I’ll fcrape trenche*, nor wafh difh. Shakefp. Tempefl.
My eftate delerves an heir more rais’d.
Than one which holds a trencher. Shah. Timon of Athens.
When we find our dogs, we fet the difh or trencher on the
ground. Mode's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
Their homely fare difpatch’d ; the hungry band
Invade their trenchers next, and foon devour. Dryden.
Many a child may have the idea of a fquare trencher, or
round plate, before he has any idea of infinite. Locke.
2. The table.
How often haft thou.
Fed from my t-encher, kneel’d down at the board,
When I have feafted. Shakefp. Henry VI.
3. Food ; pleafures of the table.
It could be no ordinary declenfion of nature that could
bring fome men, after an ingenuous education, to place their
fummum bonum upon their trenchers, and their utmoft felicity
in wine. South's Sermons.
Tre'ncherfly. n.f. [trencher and fly.] One that haunts ta¬
bles ; a parafite.
He found all people came to him promifcuoufly, and he
tried which of them were friends, and which only trencherflies and fpjngers. L'Eftrange.
T re'ncherman. n.f {trencher and man.] A feeder; an eater.
Palladius allured him, that he had already been more fed
to his liking than he could be by the fkilfulleft trenchermen of
Media. Sidney.
You had mufty victuals, and he hath holp to eat it: he’s
a very valiant trencherman ; he hath an excellent ftomach.
Shakefp. Much ado about nothing.
Tre'nchermate. n.f [trencher and mate.] A table compa¬
nion ; a parafite.
Becaufe thatjudicious learning of the ancient fages doth not
in this cafe ferve the turn, thefe trenchermates frame to themfelves a way more pleafant; a new method they have of
turning things that are ferious into mockery, an art of contradidlion by way of fcorn. Hooker, b. v.
To Trend. v. n. To tend; to lie in any particular direc¬
tion. It feems a corruption of tend.
The fcouts to feveral parts divide their way,
To learn the natives names, their towns explore
The coafts and trendings of the crooked fhore. Dryden.
Tre'ntals. n.f [trente, Fr.]
Trentals or trigintals were a number of maffes, to the tale
of thirty, faid on the fame account, according to a certain
order inftituted by Saint Gregory. Ayliffe's Parergon.
Tre'ndle. n.f. [tpenbel, Saxon.] Any thing turned round.
Now improperly written trundle.
Trepa'n. n.f. [trepan, Fr.]
1. An inftrument by which chirurgeons cut out round pieces of
the fkull.
2. A fnare; a ftratagem by which any one is enfnared. [Of
this fignificatiort Skinner affigns for the reafon, that fome
Englilh fhips in queen Elizabeth’s reign being invited, with
great fhew of friendlhip, into Trapani, a part of Sicily, were
there detained.]
But what a thoughtlefs animal is man.
How very active in his own trepan. Rofcommon.
Can there be any thing of friendlhip in fnares, hooks, and
trepans. South's Sermons.
During the commotion of the blood and fpirits, in which
palfion confifts, whatfoever is offered to the imagination in
favour of it, tends only to deceive the reafon : it is indeed a
real trepan upon it, feeding it with colours and appearances
inftead of arguments. South's Sermons.
To Trepa'n. v. a. [from the noun; trepaner, Fr.]
1. To perforate with the trepan.
A putrid matter flowed forth her noftrils, of the fame fmell
with that in trepanning the bone. WifemarCs Surgery.
Few recovered of thofe that were trepanned. Arbuthnot.
2. To catch ; to enfnare.
They trepann'd the ftate, and fac’d it down
With plots and projects of our own. Hudibras, p. iii,
Thofe are but trepanned who are called to govern, being
invefted with authority but bereaved of power, which is no¬
thing elfc but to mock and betray them into a fplendid and
magifterial way of being ridiculous. South's Sermons.
5
Trephi'nE. n.f. A (mall trepan; a fmallcr inftrument of
perforation managed by one hand.
I Ihewed a trepan and trephine, and gave them liberty to
try both upon a fkull. IViJcmans Surgery.
Tr epida'tion. n.f. [t epidatio^ Lat.J
1. The ftate of trembling.
The bow tortureth the ftring continually, and holdeth it
in a continual trepidation. Bacons Nat. Hifl. N". 137.
All objedfs of the fenfes which are very offenfive, caufe
the fpirits to retire; upon which the parts, in fome degree,
are deftitute ; and fo there is induced in them a trepidation
and horror. Bacon's Nat. Hijl. N“. 793.
Moving of th’ earth brings harms and fears,
Men reckon what it did and meant;
But trepidation of the fpheres,
Though greater far, is innocent. Donne.
i hey pais the planets fev’n, and pafs the fix’d.
And that cryftalline fphere whofe balance weighs
7 he trepidation talk’d, and that firft-mov’d. Milton.
2. State of terrour.
Becaufe the whole kingdom flood in a zealous trepidation
of the abfence of fuch a prince, I have been the more defirous to refearch the feveral palfages of the journey. IVotton.
His firft aeftion of note was in the battle of Lepanto j
where the fuccefs of that great day, in fuch trepidation of the
ftate, made every man meritorious. IVotton.
To Tre'spass. v. n. \trefpaffery Fr.]
1. To tranfgrefs ; to offend.
If they lhall confefs their trefpafs which they t-cfpajfed
againft me, I will remember my covenant. Lev. xxvi. 43.
They not only contradict the general defign and particular
expreffes of the gofpel, but trefpafs againft all logick. Norris.
2. To enter unlawfully on another’s ground.
T heir morals and ceconomy,
Mod perfectly they made agree :
Each virtue kept its proper bound.
Nor trefpafs'd on the other’s ground. Prior.
Trespass, n.f. [t efpas, Fr.]
1. T. ranfgreflion ; offence.
Your purpos’d low correction
Is fuch, as bafeft, and the meaneft wretches
For pilf’rings, and mod common trefpafs
Are punifh’d with. Shakefp. King Lear.
The t'efpafs money and fin money was the priefts. 2 Kings.
He fhall bring his trefpafs offering for his fin. Lev. v. 6.
Will God incenfe his ire
For fuch a petty trefpafs ? Milton.
2. Unlawful entrance on another’s ground.
Trespasser, n.f [from t’efpafs.]
1. An offender ; a tranfgreffor.
2. One who enters unlawfully on another’s ground.
If I come upon another’s ground without his licence, or
the licence of the law, I am a trefpajfer, for which the owner
may have an aCtion of trefpafs againft me. JValton.
Tre'ssed. adj. [from treffe, French.] Knotted or curled.
Nor this nor that fo much doth make me mourn.
But for the lad, whom long I lov’d fo dear,
Now loves a lafs that all his love doth fcorn,
He plunged in pain his treffed locks doth tear. Spenfer.
Tre'sses. n.f. without a fingular. [treffe, Fr. treccia. Italian.]
A knot or curl of hair.
Hung be the heav’ns with black, yield dav to night !
Comets, importing change of times and ftates,
Brandifh your cryftal treffes in the Iky. Shake/peare.
Her dwelling breaft
Naked, met his under the flowing gold
Of her loofe treffes hid. Milton.
Adam had wove
Of choiceft flow’rs a garland to adorn
Her treffes, and her rural labours crown. Milton.
Fair treffes man’s imperial race enfnare,
And beauty draws us with a Angle hair. Pope.
Then ceafe, bright nymph ! to mourn the ravifh’d hair.
Which adds new glory to the ftiining fphere !
Not all the treffes that fair hair can boaft.
Shall draw fuch envy as the lock you loft. Pope.
Tr e'stle. n.f. [trefleau, Fr.]
1. The frame of a table.
2. A moveable form by which any thing is fupported.
Tret. n.f. [Probably from tritus, Lat.J An allowance made
by merchants to retailers, which is four pounds in every hun¬
dred weight, and four pounds for wafte or refufe of a com-
°dity- . Bailey.
Tre things, n.f [itrethmgi, low Latin, from trethut Welfh,
to tax.] Taxes; imports.
Treve't. n.f. [«p:epet, Saxon; trepied, Fr.] Anything
that ftands on three legs : as, a ftool. 1
Trey. n.f. [tres, Lat. pois, fr.] A three at cards.
White-handed miftrefs, one fweet word with thee.
-Honey, milk, and fugar; there is three.
-——Nay then, two treys; metheglin, wort, and malmfey.
Shakefp. Love's Labour lofl.
Tri'able.
T R I T R I
Triable, adj. [from try.]
1. Polfible to be experimented ; capable of trial.
For the more eafy undcrftanding of the experiments triable
by our engine, I infinuated that notion, by which all of them
will prove explicable. Boyle.
2. Such as may be judicially examined.
No one Ihould be admitted to a bilhop’s chancellorfhip
without good knowledge in the civil and canon laws, fince
divers caufes triable in the fpiritual court are or weight. Aylife.
Tri'ad. n.f. [trias, Lat. triade, Fr.J T. hree united.
Tri'al. n.f. [from try.]
1. Tell; examination.
With trial fire touch me his finger end ;
If he be chafte the flame will back defcend.
And turn him to no pain ; but if he Hart,
It is the flefh of a corrupted heart. Shakefpeare.
2. Experience; ail of examining by experience.
I leave him to your gracious acceptance,
Whofe trial fliall better publil'h his commendation. Sbak.
Skilful gardeners make trial of the leeds by putting them
into water gently boiled ; and if good, they will fprout within
half an hour. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 520.
3. Experiment; experimental knowledge.
Others had trial of cruel mockings and fcourgings. Heb.
4. Judicial examination.
Trial is ufed in law for the examination of all caufes, civil
or criminal, according to the laws of our realm : the trial is
the iffue, which is tried upon the inditement, not the inditement itfelf. Cowel.
He hath refilled law.
And therefore law fhall fcorn him further trial
Than the feverity of publick power. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
5. Temptation ; tell of virtue.
Left our trial, when leaft fought,
May find us both perhaps far lefs prepar’d,
The willinger I go. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
No fuch company as then thou faw’ft
Intended thee ; for trial only brought,
To fee how thou could’fl judge of fit and meet. Milton.
Every ftation is expofed to fome trials, either temptations
that provoke our appetites, or difquiet our fears. Rogers.
6. State of being tried.
Good fhepherd, tell this youth what ’tis to love ?
.-Itis to be all made of fighs and tears j
It is to be made all of faith and fervice.
All humblenefs, all patience and impatience;
All purity, all trial, all obfervance. Sbakefp. As you like it.
TRIA'NGLE. n.f. [triangle, Fr. triangulum, Lat.] A figure
of three angles.
The three angles of a triangle are equal to two right ones.
Locke.
Triangular, adj. [triangularis, Lat.] Having three angles.
The frame thereof feem’d partly circular.
And part triangular ; O work divine !
Thefe two the firfl and laft proportions are. Fairy £>u.
Though a round figure be moft capacious for the honey,
and moft convenient for the bee ; yet did (he not chufe that,
becaufe then there mull have been triangular fpaces left void.
Ray on the Creation.
Tribe, n.f [tribu, Fr. tribus, Lat. from trev, b and v being
labials of promifcuous ufe in the ancient Britilh words ; trev
from tir ef,his lands, is fuppofed to be Celtick, and ufed be¬
fore the Romans had any thing to do with the Britilh govern¬
ment ; to prove which Mr. Rowland offers many reafons,
which he mentions by imagining that centuries is derived from
trev, fuppofing it to be the fame with our centrev, importing
a hundred trevs or tribes.]
1. A diftind body of the people as divided by family or for¬
tune, or any other charaaeriftick.
I ha’ been writing all this night unto all the tribes
And centuries for their voices, to help Catiline
In his eleaion. Benj. Johnfon's Cataline.
If the heads of the tribes can be taken off, and the milled
multitude will fee their error, fuch extent of mercy is ho¬
nourable. Bacon’s Advice to Villiers.
Who now fliall rear you to the fun, or rank
Your tribes, and water from th’ ambrofial fount. Milton.
Straggling mountaineers, for publick good.
To rank in tribes, and quit the lavage wood,
Houfes to build. , Tate.
I congratulate my country upon the increafe of this happy
tribe of men, lince, by the prefent parliament, the race of
freeholders is fpreading into the remoteft corners. Addifon.
2. It is often ufed in contempt.
holly and vice are eafy to deferibe.
The common fubjeds of our fcribbling tribe. Rofcommon.
Triplet or 1 ribo'ulet. n.f. A goldfmith’s tool for mak¬
ing rings. Amf.
Tribula'tion. n.f. [tribulation, Fr.] Perfccution ; diftrefs;
vexation ; difturbance of life.
Tribulation being prefent caufeth forrow, and being immi¬
nent breedeth fear. Hooker, b. v.
The juft fliall dwell.
And after all their tribulations long,
See golden days, fruitful of golden deeds, Milton.
Death becomes
. His final remedy; and after life
Try’d in lharp t ibulation, and refin’d
By faith, and faithful works. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. xi.
Our church taught us to pray, that God would, not only
in all time of our ti ibulation, but in all time of our wealth,
deliver us. Alterbwy’s Sermons.
Tribunal, n.f [tribunal, Latin and French.]
1. The feat of a judge.
I’ th’ market-place, on a tribunal filver’d,
Cleopatra and himfelf in chairs of gold
Were publickly enthron’d. Sbakejp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
He fees the room
Where the whole nation does for juftice come.
Under whole large roof flouriflies the gown.
And judges grave on high tribunals frown. Waller.
Here the tribunal flood. Dryden's Ain.
There is a neceffity of {landing at his tribunal, who is in¬
finitely wife and juft. Grew s Cojmol. b. Hi*
2. A court of juftice.
Summoning arch-angels to proclaim
Thy dread tribunal. Milton.
Tribune, n.f. [tribun, tribunus, Lat.]
1. An officer of Rome chofen by the people.
Thefe are the tribunes of the people.
The tongues q’ th’ common mouth : I do defpife them.
Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
2. The commander of a Roman legion.
Tribuni'tial. )adj. [tribunitius, Lat.] Suiting a tribune;
Trxbuni'tious. 5 relating to a tribune.
Let them not come in multitudes, or in a tribunitious man¬
ner; for that is to clamour counfels, not to inform. Bacon.
Oh happy ages of our anceftors,
Beneath the kings and tribunitial powers
One jail did all their criminals reftrain. Dryden's Juvenal.
Tributary, adj. [tributaire, Fr. tributaries, Lat.]
1. Paying tribute as an acknowledgement of fubmilfion to a
mailer.
Thenceforth this land was tributary made
T’ ambitious Rome, and did their rule obey.
Till Arthur all that reckoning did defray:
Yet oft the Briton kings againft them ftrongly fway’d.
Fairy Ljhieen, b. ii.
The two great empires of the world I know ;
And lince the earth none larger does afford.
This Charles is fome poor t ibutary lord. Drydcn.
Around his throne the fea-born brothers flood.
That fwell with tributary urns his flood. Pope•
2. Subject; fubordinate.
Thefe he, to grace his t> ibutary gods.
By courfe commits to feveral government.
And gives them leave to wear their faphire crowns.
And wield their little tridents. Milton s Comus.
O’er Judah’s king ten thoufand tyrants reign.
Legions of luft, and various pow’rs of ill
Infult the mailer’s tributary will. Prior.
3. Paid in tribute.
Nor flatt’ry tunes thefe tributary lays. Concanen.
Tributary, n.f [from tribute.] One who pays a Hated
fhm in acknowledgement of fubjedion.
All the people therein lhall be tributaiies unto thee, and
ferve thee. Deut. xx. II.
The Irilh lords did only promife to become tributaries to
king Henry the fccond: and fuch as only pay tribute, are
not properly fubjeds but fovereigns. Davies.
TRPBUTE. n.f. [tribut, Fr. tributum, Lat.] Payment made
in acknowledgement; fubjedion.
The Lord’s tribute of the flieep was fix hundred. Numb.
They that received tribute money faid. Doth not your ma¬
iler pay tribute? Mat. xvii. 2.
She receives
As tribute her warmth and light. Milton.
To acknowledge this was all he did exad;
Small tribute, where the will to pay was ad. Dryden.
Tricoma'nes. n.f. A plant.
A branch of fome capillary plant, refembling the common
tricbomanes, only the pinnae are larger in a dulky grey flaty
Hone. Woodward.
Trice, n.f. [I believe this word comes from trait, Fr. cor¬
rupted by pronunciation.] A Ihort time; an inftant; a ftroke.
If they get never fo great ipoil at any time, the fame they
wafte in a trice, as naturally delighting in ipoil, though it do
themfelves no good.
Juft in the nick the cook knock’d thrice,
And all the waiters in a trice
His fummons did obey :
Each ferving man with dilh in hand,
March’d boldly up like our train’d band,
Prefented, and away, Suckling.
He
T R I T R I
HudibraSy p. i.
He could raife fcruples dark and nice,
And after folve them in a trice.
So when the war had rais’d a dorm,
I’ve feen a fnake in human form.
All dain’d with infamy and vice,
Leap from the dunghil in a trice. Swift.
It feems incredible at fird, that all the blood in our bodies
fhould circulate in a trice, in a very few minutes ; but it
would be more furprifing if we knew the fhort periods of the
great circulation of water. Bentley's Sermons.
Tricho'tomy. n.f Divifion into three parts.
Some diflurb the order of nature by dichotomies, trichoto¬
mies, fevens, twelves : let the fubje£t with the defign you
have in view determine the number of parts into which you
divide it. Watts.
Trick, n.f. [treck, Dutch.]
I.A fly fraud.
Sir Thomas Moor fa'id, that a trick of law had no lefs
power than the wheel of fortune, to lift men up, or cad
them down. Raleigh.
A bantering droll took a journey to Delphos, to try if he
could put a trick upon Apollo. L'EJlrange’s Fables.
Such a one thinks to find fome (helter in my frienddiip,
and I betray him: he comes to me for counfel and I fhew
him a trick. South.
He fwore by Stix,
Whate’er (he wou’d defire, to grant;
But wife Ardelia knew his tricks.
2. A dexterous artifice.
Gather the lowed and leaving the top.
Shall teach thee a trick for to double thy crop.
And now, as oft in fome didemper’d date.
On one nice trick depends the gen’ral fate.
3. A vicious pradtice.
Sufpicion (hall be duck full of eyes :
For treafon is but truded like a fox,
Who ne’er fo tame, fo cherifh’d and lock’d up.
Will have a wild trick of his ancedors. Shakefpeare.
I entertain you with fomewhat more worthy than the dale
exploded trick of fulfom panegyricksi Dryden.
Some friends to vice pretend.
That I the tricks of youth too roughly blame. Dryden.
4. A juggle ; an antick; any thing done to cheat jocofely, or
to divert-.
A rev’rend prelate dopp’d his coach and fix,
To laugh a little at our Andrew’s tricks. Prior.
5. An unexpected effect.
So felled foes who broke their deep.
To take the one the other, by fome chance.
Some trick not worth an egg, (hall grow dear friends.
Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Swift.
Tujfer.
Pope.
6. A practice ; a manner; a habit.
I fpoke it but according to the trick: if you’ll hang me
you may. Shakefpeare.
The trick of that voice I well remember. Shakefpeare.
Behold,
Although the print be little, the whole matter
And copy of the father; eye, nofe, lip,
The trick of’s frown, his forehead. Shak. Winter's Tale.
7. A number of cards laid regularly up in play: as, a trick of
cards.
To Trick, v. a. [from the noun ; tricker, Fr.]
1. To cheat; to impofe on; to defraud.
It is impoflible that the whole world (hould thus confpire
to cheat themfelves, to put a delufion on mankind, and trick
themfelves into belief. Stephens’s Sermons.
2. Todrefs; to decorate; to adorn; properly to knot. [trica,
in low Latin, fignifies a knot of hair; treccia, Italian : hence
trace. Matt. Wejlmonajlerieyifis fays of Godiva of Coventry,
that (he rode tricas capitis iff crines dijfolvens.]
And trick them up in knotted curls anew. Drayton.
They turned the impodure upon the king, and gave out,
that to defeat the true inheritor he had tricked up a boy in the
likenefs of Edward Plantagenet. Bacon's Henry VII.
Horridly trickt
With blood of fathers, mothers, daughters, fons,
Bak’d and impaded with the parching fires. Shakefp.
This pillar is but a medley, or a mats of all the precedent
ornaments, making a new kind by dealth; and though the
mod richly tricked, yet the poored in this, that he is a bor¬
rower of ail his beauty. Witton's Architect.
Their heads are trickt with taffels and flowers. Sandys.
Woful (hepherds, weep no more,
For Lycidas, your forrow, is not dead :
Sunk, though he be, beneath the wat’ry floor;
So finks the Day-dar in the ocean bed.
And yet anon repairs his drooping head,
And tricks his beams, and with new fpangled ore.
Flames in the forehead of the morning Iky. Milton.
A daw that had a mind to be fparkifh, tricked himfelf up
with all the gay feathers he could muder. L’EJlrange s Fab.
Love is an airy good, opinion makes,
That tricks and dreffes up the gawdy dream. Dryden.
People lavifli it profufely in tricking up their children in
fine cloaths, and yet darve their minds. Locke.
3.To perform by flight of hand, or with a light touch.
The colours and the ground prepare:
Dip in the rainbow, trick her off in air*
Chufe a firm cloud before it fall. Pope.
To Trick, v. n. To live by fraud.
Thus they jog on, dill tricking, never thriving,
And murd’ring plays, which they call reviving. Dryden.
Tri'cker. n.f. [This is often written trigger; I know riot
which is right.] The catch which being pulled difengages
the cock of the gun, that it may give fire.
Pulling afide the tricker we obferved, that the force of the
fpring of the lock was not fenfibly abated by the abfence of
the air. Boyle.
As a goofe
Irt death contracts his talons clofe;
So did the knight, and with one claw
The tricker of his piflol draw. Hudibras, p. u
TrPc king. n.f. [from trick.'] Drefs; ornament.
Get us properties and tricking for our fairies. Shakefpeare.
Tri'ckish. adj. [from trick.'] Knavilhly artful; fraudulently
cunning; mifchievoufly fubtle.
All he fays is in a loofe, flippery, and trickifo way of reafoning. Pope,
To TrPckle. v. n. [Of this word I find no etymology that
feems well authorifed or probable.] To fall in drops ; to rill
in a (lender dream.
He, prick’d with pride.
Forth fpurred fad; adown his courfer’s fide
The red blood trickling, flain’d the way. Fa, Sfu. b. i.
Fad befide there trickled foftly down
A gentle dream, whofe murm’ring wave did play
Amongd the pumy dones, and made a found
To lull him foft afleep that by it lay. Fa. Efu. b. ii.
Some noifes help fleep ; as, the blowing of the wind, and
trickling of water, as moving in the fpirits a gentle atten¬
tion, which dilleth the difcurfive motion. Bacon.
He wakened by the trickling of his blood. JVifeman.
Beneath his ear the fad’ned arrow ftood;
And from the wound appear’d the trickling blood. Dryden.
All at once his grief and rage appear’d.
And floods of tears ran trickling down his beard. Dryden.
He lay dretch’d along, his eyes fixt upward.
And ever and anon a filent tear
Stole down, and trickled from his heary beard. Dryden.
The emblems of honour wrought on the front in the brittle
materials above-mentioned* trickled away under the fird impreflions of the heat. Addifon’s Freeholder, N°. 28.
Imbrown’d with native bronze, lo ! Henly dands.
Tuning his voice and balancing his hands :
How fluent nonfenfe trickles from his tongue !
How fweet the periods, neither faid nor fung. Pope.
They empty heads confole with empty found.
No more, alas ! the voice of fame they hear.
The balm of dulnefs trickling in their ear; Pope's Dunciad.
Subdu’d,
The frod refolves into a trickling thaw. Thomfon s Winter.
Tri'cksy. adj. [from trick.] Pretty. This is a word of en¬
dearment.
The fool hath planted in his memory
An army of good words ; and I do know
A many fools that dand in better place, .
Garnilh’d like him* that for a trickfy word
Defy the matter. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
All this fervice have I done fince I went.
•-My trickfy fpirit ! Shakefpeare’s Tempejl.
Trico'rporal. adj. [tricorpus, Lat.] Having three bodies
Tride. adj. [among hunters; tride, French.] Short and
ready. Bailey.
Tri'dent. n.f [t>ident, Fr. tridens, Lat.] A three forked
fceptre of Neptune,
His nature is too noble for the world :
He would not flatter Neptune for his t'ident. Shakefpeare.
Can’d thou with filgigs pierce him to the quick ?
Or in his (kull thy barbed trident dick ? Sandys on Job.
He lets them wear their faphire crowns.
And wield their little tridents. Milton.
Several find a myAery in every tooth of Neptune’s trident.
Addijon on ancient Medals.
Tri'dent. adj. Having three teeth..
Tri'ding. n.f. [tpfSmja, Saxon.] The third part of a coun¬
try or (hire. Bailey.
Triduan. adj. [from triduum, Lat.]
1. Lading three days.
2. Happening every third day.
Trie'nnial. adj. [triennis, Lat. triennial, Fr.]
1. Lading three years.
I paffed the bill for triennial parliaments. King Charles.
26 Y . Richard
T R I
Richard the third, though he came in by blood, yet the
Jfh‘6rt time of his triennial reign he was without any, and
proved one of my beft lawgivers. Howel's England s Tears.
2. Happening every third year.
Tri'er. n.J. [from try.]
1.One who tries experimentally.
The ingenious triers of the German experiment found,
that their glafs veil'd was lighter when the air had been drawn
out than before by an ounce and very near a third. Boyle.
jL. One who examines judicially.
Courts of juftice are bound to take notice of ads of par¬
liament, and whether they are truly pleaded or not; and
therefore they are the triers of them. _ Hale.
There fhould be certain triers or examiners appointed by
the ftate to infpedt the genius of every particular boy. Spett.
3. Teft; one who brings to the teft.
You were ufed
To fay, extremity was the trier of fpirits ;
That Common chances common men could bear. Shakefp.
To Tri'fallow. v. a. [tres, Latin, and peal^a, Saxon, a
harrow.] To plow land the third time before fowing. Bailey.
The beginning of Auguft is the time of trifallowing, or
laft plowing, before they fow their wheat. Mortimer.
Tri'fid. adj. [among botanifts.] Cut or divided into three
parts. Bailey.
Trifi'stulary. adj. [tres and ffhda, Latin.] Having three
pipes.
Many of chat fpecies whofe trififlulary bill or crany we
have beheld. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
To Tri'fle. v. n. [tryfelen, Dutch.]
1. To acSt or talk without weight or dignity; to a£t with levity;
to talk with folly.
When they faw that we ought to abrogate fuch popifti ce¬
remonies as are unprofitable, or elfe might have other more
profitable in their {lead, they trifle and they beat the air about
nothing which toucheth us, unlefs they mean that we ought
to abrogate all popifh ceremonies. Hooker.
2. To mock; to play the fool.
Do not believe,
That, from the fenfe of all civility,
I thus would play and trifle with your reverence. Shakefp.
3. To indulge light amufement.
4. To be of no importance.
’Tis hard for every trifling debt of two {hillings to be
driven to law. Spenfer.
To Tri'fle. v. a. To make of no importance. Not in
ufe.
Threefcore and ten I can remember well.
Within the volume of which time I’ve feen
Hours dreadful and things ftrange ; but this fore night
Hath trifled former knowings. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Tri'fle. n.J'. [from the noun.] A thing of no moment.
The inftruments of darknefs tell us truths ;
Win us with honefl trifles, to betray us
In deepeft conference. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Old Chaucer doth of Topas tell, 1
Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel, >
A later third of Dowfabell, j
With fuch poor trifles playing :
Others the like have labour’d at, 3
Some of this thing, and fome of that, >
And many of they know not what, 3
But that they muft be faying. Drayton’s Nymphid.
The infinitely greateft confeffed good is negle&ed, to fatisfy the fuccefflve uneafinefs of our defires purfuing trifles.
Locke.
Tri'fler. n.f. [trifelaar, Dutch.] One who acts with levity;
one that talks with folly.
A man cannot tell whether Apelles or Albert Durer
were the more triflers, whereof the one would make a perfonage by geometrical proportions, the other by taking the
beft parts out of divers faces to make one excellent. Bacon.
Shall I, who can enchant the boift’rous deep,
Bid Boreas halt, make hills and forefts move.
Shall I be baffled by this trifler, love. Granville.
As much as fyftematical learning is decried by fome vain
triflers of the age, it is the happieft way to furnifli the mind
with knowledge. Watts.
Tri'fling. adj. [from trifled] Wanting worth ; unimportant;
Wanting weight.
To a foul fupported with an aflurance of the divine fa¬
vour, the honours or afflictions of this life will be equally
trifling and contemptible. Rogers's Sermons.
I ri'flingly. adv. [from trifling.] Without weight; with¬
out dignity ; without importance.
Thofe who are carried away with the fpontaneous current
of their own thoughts, muft never humour their minds in
being thus triflingly bufy. Locke.
Tri'form. adj. [triformis, Lat.] Having a triple fhape.
The moon her monthly round
Still ending, ftill renewing through mid heav’n.
T R I
With borrow’d light her countenance triform
Hence fills, and empties, to enlighten th’ earth. Milton.
Tri'cger. n. f [derived by Junius from trigue, Fr. from intricare, Lat.]
1. A catch to hold the wheel on fteep ground.
2. The catch that being pulled loofes the cock of the gun.
The pulling the trigger of the gun with which the murder
is committed, has no natural connexion with thofe ideas that
make up the complex one, murder. Locke.
Tringi'ntals. n.f [from triginta, Latin, thirty.]
Trentals or tringintals were a number of maftes to the tale
of thirty, inftituted by Saint Gregory. Ayliffe.
Tri'glyph. n.f. [In architecture. ] A member of the frize
of the Dorick order fet directly over every pillar, and in cer¬
tain fpaces in the intercolumnations. Harris.
The Dorick order has now and then a fober garnifhment
of lion’s heads in the cornice, and of triglyphs and metopes
always in the frize. Wotton.
Tri'gon. n.f. [1trigone, Fr.] A triangle. A term in aftrol°gy.
The ordinary height of a man ninety-fix digits, the an¬
cient Egyptians eftimated to be equal to that myftical cubit
among them ftiled paftus Ibidis, or the trigon that the Ibis
makes at every ftep, confifting of three latera, each thirtytwo dibits. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Tri'gonal. adj. [from trigon.] Triangular; having three
corners.
A fpar of a yellow hue fhot into numerous trigonal pointed
{hoots of various fizes, found growing to one fide of a per¬
pendicular fiffure of a ftratum of free-ftone in digging.
Woodward on Fofflls.
TRIGONO'METRY. n.f. [trigonometries Fr.J
Trigonometry is the art of meafuring triangles, or of cal¬
culating the fides of any triangle fought, and this is plain or
fpherical. Harris.
On a difeovery of Pythagoras all trigonometry, and confequently all navigation, is founded. Guardian.
Trigonometrical, adj. [from trigonometry.] Pertaining to
trigonometry.
Trila'teral. adj. [;trilateral, French; tres and latus> Lat;]
Having three fides.
Trill, n.f. [trillo, Italian.] Quaver; tremuloufnefs of mufick.
Long has a race of heroes fill’d the ftage.
That rant by note, and through the &amut rage.
In fongs and airs exprefs their martial fire
Combat in trills, and in a fugue expire. Addifon.
To Trill, v. a. [from the noun.] To utter quavering.
Through the foft filence of the liftening night
The fober-fuited fongftrefs trills her lay. Thomfon.
To Trill, v. n.
1. To trickle ; to fall in drops or {lender ftreams.
Did your letters pierce the queen to any demonftration
of grief?
I, file took ’em ; read ’em in my prefence ;
And now and then an ample tear trill'd down
Her delicate cheek. Shakefp. King Lear.
2. To play in tremulous vibrations of found.
Am I call’d upon the grave debate.
To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet. Dryden.
Tri'llion. n.f. [A word invented by Locke: trilions Fr-]
A million of millions of millions; a million twice multiplied
by a million.
Trilu'minar. I adj. [trilaminariss Latin.] Having three
Trilu'minous. S lights. Diet.
Trim. adj. [getpyrnmeS, Saxon, completed.] Nice; fmug;
drefled up.
Tone paine in cottage doth take,
When t’other trim bowers do make. Tuffers Hufb.
A trim exploit, a manly enterprize,
To conjure tears up in a poor maid’s eyes
With your derifion. Shak. Midfummer Night's Dream.
The Dorick order has, in comparifon of thofe that fol¬
low, a more mafeuline afpect, and little trimmer than the
Tufcan that went before, fave a fober garnifhment now' and
then of lions heads in the cornice, and of triglvphs and me¬
topes always in the frize. Wotton s Architect.
Doft thou not blufti to live fo like a beaft,
So trims fo diffolute, fo loofely dreft. Dryden's PerfhCs.
To Trim. v. a. [tpmnnan, Saxon, to build.]
1. To fit out.
Malicious cenfurets ever,
As rav’nous fifties do a veflel follow
That is new trimm'd. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
2. To drefs ; to decorate.
Our youth got me to play thb woman s part.
And I was trim'd in Julia’s gown. Shakefpeare.
Pennyroyal and orpin they ufe in the country to trim their
houles, binding it with a lath again!! a wall. baton.
Two arts attend architecture, like her principal gentle¬
women, to drefs and trim Her, picture and fculpture. Wotton.
The
4
T R I T R I
The vi£lim ox that was for altars preft,
Trimm'd with white ribbons and with garlands dreft,
Sunk of himfelf. Dryden’s Georg'.
3. To fhave ; to clip.
Mephibofheth had neither dreffed his feet, nor trimmed his
beard. 2 Sam. xix. 24.
Clip and trim thofe tender firings like a beard. Brown.
The barber may trim religion as he pleafes. Howe/.
Trim off the fmall fuperfluous branches. Mortimer.
4. To make neat; to adjuft.
I found her trimming up the diadem
On her dead mifirefs. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Go, firrah, to my cell, as you look
1 o have my pardon, trim it handfomely. Sbakefpeare.
Yet are the men more loofe than they !
More kemb’d, and bath’d, and rubb’d, and trimm’d
More fieek, more foft, and flacker limb’d. Benj. Jobnfon.
T. o blaft the living, gave the dead their due,
And wreaths, herfelf had tainted, trimm’d anew. Tickell.
When workmen fit a piece into other work, they fay they
trim in a piece. Mozon’s Mech. Exercifes.
Each mufe in Leo’s golden days
Starts from her trance, and trims her wither’d bays. Pope.
5. To balance a veil'd.
Sir Roger put his coachman to trim the boat. Spectator.
6. It has often np emphatical.
He gave you all the duties of a man,
Trimm’d up your praifes with a princely tongue,
Spoke your defervings like a chronicle. Sbakefpeare.
To Trim. v. n. To balance; to fluctuate between two par¬
ties.
If fuch by trimming and time-ferving, which are but two
words for the fame thing, betray the church by naufeating
her pious orders, this will produce confufion. South’s Serm.
For men to pretend that their will obeys that law, while
all befides their will ferves the fadtion ; what is this but a
grofs, fulfome juggling with their duty, and a kind of trim¬
ming it between God and the devil. South’s Sermons.
He who heard what ev’ry fool cou’d fay,
Wou’d never fix his thought, but trim his time away.
Dryden s Hind and Panther.
Trim. n.f. Drefs; geer; ornaments.
They come like facrifices in their trim.
And to the five-ey’d maid of fmoaky war.
All hot, and bleeding, will we offer them. Sbakefpeare.
Forget
Your labourfome and dainty trims, wherein
You made great Juno angry. Sbakefp. Cymbclinc.
The goodly London in her gallant trim.
The pheenix daughter of the vanquifh’d old.
Like a rich bride does to the ocean fwim.
And on her fhadow rides in floating gold. Dryden.
Tri'mly. adv. [from trim.] Nicely; neatly.
Her yellow golden hair
Was trimly woven, and in treffes wrought. Fairy Queen.
The mother, if of the houfhold of our lady, will have her
fon cunning and bold, in making him to live trimly. Afcham.
Tri'mmer. n.f. [from trim.] One who changes fides to ba¬
lance parties; a turncoat.
The fame bat taken after by a weazel begged for mercy :
no, fays the weazle, no mercy to a moufe : well, fays t’other,
but you may fee by my wings that I am a bird ; and fo the
bat ’fcaped in both by playing the trimmer. L’Ejlrange’s Fab.
To confound his hated coin,
All parties and religions join,
"Whigs, tories, trimmers. Swift.
2.A piece of wood inferted.
Before they pin up the frame of ground-plates, they muff
fit in the fummer and the girders, and all the joifts and the
trimmers for the ftair-cafe. Moxon's Mech. Exercife.
Tri'mming. n.f. [from trim.] Ornamental appendages to a
coat or gown.
Judgment without vivacity of imagination is too heavy,
and like a'drefs without fancy ; and the laft without the firft
is too gay, and but all trimming. Garth's Pref. to Ovid.
Tri'nal. adj. [trinus, Lat.] Threefold.
Like many an angel’s voice,
Singing before th’ eternal majefty,
In their trinal triplicity on high. Fa. Qu. 1. i.
That far-beaming blaze of majefty.
Wherewith he wont at heav’n’s high council table
To fit the midft of trinal unity.
He laid afide. Milton.
Trine. n.f. [trine, Fr. trinus, Latin.] An afpedt of planets
placed in three angles of a trigon, in which they are fuppofed
by aftrologers to be eminently benign.
To th’ other five,
Their planetary motions, and afpedls,
In fextile, fquare, and trine, and oppofite,
Of noxious efficacy. Milton’s Par, Lojl, l>. x.
Now frequent trines the happier lights among.
And high-rais’d Jove from his dark prifon freed,
Thofe weights took off that on his planet hung,
Will glorioufly the new-laid works fucceed. ^Dryden.
From Aries right-ways draw a line, to end
In the fame round, and let that line fubtend
An equal triangle ; now fince the lines
Muff three times touch the round, and meet three figns.
Where’er they meet in angles thofe are trines. Creech.
To Trine, v. a. [from the noun.] To put in a trine afpedt.
This advantage age from youth has won,
As not to be outridden, though outrun ;
By fortune he was now to Venus trin'd.
And with ftern Mars in Capricorn was join’d. Dryden.
TRI'NITY. n.f. [trinitas, Lat. trinite, Fr.] fhe incomprehenfiblc union of the three perfons in the Godhead.
Touching the pidture of the trinity, I hold it blafphemous
and utterly unlawful. Peacham.
In my whole eflay there is not any thing like an objedtion
againft the trinity. Locke.
Tri'nket. n.f. [This Skinner derives fomewhat harfhly from
trinquet, Fr. trinchetto, Ital. a topfail. I rather imagine it
corrupted from tricket, fome petty finery or decoration.]
1. Toys j ornaments of drefs ; fuperfluities of decoration.
Beauty and ufe can fo well agree together, that of all the
trinkets wherewith they are attired, there is not one but ferves
to fome neceffary purpofe. Sidney, b. ii.
We’ll fee j^our trinkets here forthcoming all. Sbakefp.
They throng who fhould buy firft, as if my trinkets had
been hallowed. Sbakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Let her but have three wrinkles in her face,
Soon will you hear the fawey fteward fay,
Pack up with all your trinkets and away. Dryden's Juv.
She was not hung about with toys and trinkets, tweezercafes, pocket-glades. Arbuthnot’s Hijt. of John Bull.
How Johnny wheedl’d, threat’n’d, fawn’d,
Till Phyllis all her trinkets pawn’d. Swift.
2. Things of no great value; tackle; tools.
What hufbandiie hufbands except they be fooles.
But handfom have ftorehoufe for trinkets and tooles. Tuff.
Go with all your fervants and trinkets about you. L'Ejlr.
Trig'bolar. adj. [triobolai is, Latin.] Vile ; mean ; worthlefs.
Turn your libel into verfe, atid then it may pafs current
amongft the balladmongers for a tFiobolar ballad. Che)nel.
To Trip. v. a. [treper, Fr. trippen, Dutch.]
1. To fupplant; to throw by ftriking the feet from the ground
by a fudden motion.
He conjundl
Tripp’d me behind. Sbakefpeare'.
Be you contented,
To have a fon fet your decrees at naught,
To trip the courfe of law, and blunt the fword
That guards the peace and fafety of your perfon. Sbakefp.
2. To ftrike the feet from under the body.
I tript up thy heels and beat thee. Sbakefpeare.
The words of Hobbes’s defence trip up the heels of his
caufe; I had once refolved. To refolve prefuppofeth deli¬
beration, but what deliberation can there be of that which
is inevitably determined by caufes without ourfelves. BrambaU.
3. To catch; to detect.
Thefe women
Can trip me, if I err ; who, with wet cheeks,
Were prefent when fhe finifh’d. Sbakejp. Cymbeline.
To Trip, v. n.
1. To fall by lofing the hold of the feet.
Virgil is fo exadt in every word, that none can be changed
but for a worfe: he pretends fometimes to trip, but it is to
make you think him in danger when moft fecure. Dryden.
2. To fail ; to err; to be deficient.
Saint Jerome, who pardons not over-eafily his adverfaries,
if any where they chance to trip, preffeth him as thereby
making all forts of men God’s enemies. Hooker, b. v.
Many having ufed their utmoft diligence to fecure a reten¬
tion of the things committed to the memory, cannot cer¬
tainly know where it will trip and fail them. South.
Will fhines in mixed company, making his real ignorance
appear a feeming one : our club has caught him tripping, at
Which times they never fpare him. AddiJ'on’s Sped. N°, 105.
Several writers of uncommon erudition would expofe my
ignorance, if they caught me tripping in a matter of fo great
moment. Addifon’s Sped. N°. 228.
3. To ftumble ; to titubate.
I may have the idea of a man’s drinking till his tongue
trips, yet not know that it is called drunkennefs. Locke.
4. To run lightly.
In filence fad,
Trip we after the night’s fhade. Sbakefpeare.
The old faying is, the third pays for all; the triplex, fir,
is a good tripping meafure, Sbakefp. Twelfth Night.
He
Milton's Arcades.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Dryden.
Addifon.
He throws his arm, and with a long-drawn dafh
blends all together ; then diftin&ly trips
From this to that; then quick returning fkips
And fnatches this again, and paufes there. Crajhaw.
On old Lycaeus or Cyllene hoar,
Trip no more in twilight ranks,
Though E'rymanth your lofs deplore,
A better foil (hall give you thanks.
She bounded by, and tripp’d fo light.
They had not time to take a fteady fight.
To the garden walk fhe took her way.
To fport and trip along in cool of day.
Stay, nymph, he cry’d, I follow not a foe ;
Thus from the lion trips the trembling doe.
Well thou doft to hide from common fight
Thy clofe intrigues, too bad to bear the light:
Nor doubt I, but the filver-footed dame
Tripping from fea on fuch an errand came.
He’ll make a pretty figure in a triumph.
And ferve to trip before the vigor’s chariot.
The lower plaits of the drapery in antique figures in fculpture and painting, feem to have gathered the wind when the
perfon is in a pofture of tripping forward. Addifon.
In Britain’s ifles, as Heylin notes.
The ladies trip in petticoats. Prior.
They gave me inftru&ions how to Aide down and trip up
the fteepeft dopes. Pope.
5. To take a fhort voyage.
Trip. n. f. [from the verb.]
1. A ftroke or catch by which the wreftler fupplants his antagonift.
O thou diffembling cub ! what wilt thou be.
When time hath fow’d a grizzel on thy cafe ?
Or will not elfe thy craft fo quickly grow.
That thine own trip fhall be thine overthrow ? Shakefp.
He ftript for wreftling, fmears his limbs with oil,
And watches with a trip his foe to foil. Dryden’s Georg.
It was a noble time when trips and Cornifh hugs could
make a man immortal. Addifon on ancient Medals.
2. A ftumble by which the foothold is loft.
3. A failure ; a miftake.
He faw his way, but in fo fwift a pace.
To chufe the ground might be to lofe the race :
They then, who of each trip th’ advantage take,
Find but thofe faults which they want wit to make. Dryd.
4. A fhort voyage or journey.
I took a trip to London on the death of the queen. Pope.
Tripartite, adj. [;tripartite, Fr. tripartite, Latin.] Di¬
vided into three parts; having three correfpondent copies.
Our indentures tripartite are drawn. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Tripe, n.f. [tripe, Fr. trippa, Italian and Spanifh.]
1. The inteftines; the guts.
How fay you to a fat tripe finely broil’d ?
-— I like it well. Shakefpeare.
In private draw your poultry, clean your tripe. King.
2. It is ufed in ludicrous language for the human belly.
Tir'pedal. adj. [tres and pes, Lat.] Having three feet.
Tripe'talous. adj. [tres and zsirooXov.] Having a flower
confifting of three leaves.
Tri'phthong. n.f [triphthongue, Fr. tres and (pSof’yri.] A
coalition of three vowels to form one found : as, eau ; eye.
Tri'ple. adj. [triple, Fr. triplex, triplus, Lat.]
Threefold ; confifting of three conjoined.
See in him
The triple pillar of the world transform’d
Into a ftrumpet’s ftool. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra.
O night and {hades.
How are ye join’d with hell in triple knot,
Againft th’ unarmed weaknefs of one virgin,
Alone and helplefs !
Thrice happy pair ! fo near ally’d
In royal blood and virtue too :
Now love has you together ty’d.
May none this triple knot undo.
By thy triple fhape as thou art feen
In heav’n, earth, hell, grant this.
Strong Alcides, after he had flain
The triple Geryon, drove from conquer’d Spain
His captive herds. Dryden's Ain.
Out bounc’d the maftiff of the triple head ;
Away the hare with double fwiftnefs fled. Swift.
Treble ; three times repeated.
We have taken this as a moderate meafure betwixt the
higheft and loweft; but if we had taken only a triple pro¬
portion, it would have been fufficient. Burnet.
If then the atheift can have no imagination of more fenfes
than five, why doth he fuppofe that a body is capable of
more ! If we had double or triple as many, there might ftill
be the fame fufpicion for a greater number without end.
Bentley’s Sermons.
To Tri'ple. v. a. [from the adjective.]
1, To treble; to make thrice as much, or as many.
1.
Milton.
Waller.
Dryden.
2.
J
,1
To what purpofe fhould words ferve, when nature hath
more to declare than groans and ftrong cries ; more than
ftreams of bloody fweat; more than his doubled and tripled
prayers can exprefs. Hooker, b. v.
If thefe halfpence fhould gain admittance, in no long fpace
of time his limited quantity would be tripled upon us. Swift.
2. To make threefold.
1 ime, adtion, place, are fo preferv’d by thee,
That e’en Corneille might with envy fee 5*
Th’ alliance of his tripled unity. Dryden. J
Tri'plet. n.f. [from triple.]
1. Three of a kind.
There fit C—nts, D—ks, and Harrifon,
How they fwagger from their garrifon;
Such a triplet could you tell
Where to find on this fide hell. Swift*
2. Three verfes rhyming together : as.
Waller was fmooth, but Dryden taught to join
The varying verfe, the full refounding line,
The long majeftick march and energy divine. Pope.
Some wretched lines from this neglecfted hand
May find my Hero on the foreign ftrand,
Warm with new fires, and pleas’d with new command.
Prior.
I frequently make ufe of triplet rhymes, becaufe they
bound the fenfe, making the laft verfe of the triplet a pindarick. Dryden's Mn.
Triplicate, adj. [from triplex, Lat.] Made thrice as much.
Triplicate ratio, in geometry, is the ratio of cubes to each
other ; which ought to be diftinguifh’d from triple. Harrii.
All the parts, in height, length, and breadth, bear a du¬
plicate or triplicate proportion one to another. Grew.
Triplication, n. f. [from triplicate.] The a£l of trebling
or adding three together.
Since the margin of the vifible horizon in the heavenly
globe is parallel with that in the earthly, accounted but one
hundred and twenty miles diameter; fenfe muft needs mea¬
fure the azimuths, or verticle circles, by triplication of the
fame diameter of one hundred and twenty. Glanville’s Scepf.
Tripli'city. n.f. [triplicite, Fr. from triplex, Lat.] Treblenefs ; ftate of being threefold.
Like many an angel’s voice.
Singing before th’ eternal majefty.
In their trinal triplicity on high. Fairy Shi. 1. I.
It was a dangerous triplicity to a monarchy, to have the
Arms of a foreigner, the di/contents of fubjedts, and the title
of a pretender to meet. Bacon’s Henry VII.
AfFe£t not duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain num¬
ber of parts in your divifion of things. Watts’s Logick.
Tri'pmadam. n.f. An herb.
Tripmadam is ufed in falads. Mortimer’s Hufb.
Tri'pod. ?i. f. [tripus, Latin.] A feat with three feet, fuch as
that from which the prieftefs of Apollo delivered oracles.
Two tripods call in antick mould.
With two great talents of the fineft gold. Dryden’s &n.
Tri'poly. n.f. [I fuppofe from the place whence it is brought.]
A fharp cutting fand.
In polifhing glafs with fand, putty, or tripoly, it is not to
be imagined that thofe fubftances can by grating and fretting
the glafs bring all its leaft particles to an accurate polifh.
Newton’s Opticksi
Tri'pos. n.f. A tripod. See Tripod.
Welcome all that lead or follow,
To the oracle of Apollo ;
Here he fpeaks out of his pottle.
Or the tripos, his tower bottle. Benj. jfohnfoe.
Craz’d fool, who would’ft be thought an oracle,
Come down from off the tripos, and lpeak plain. Dryden.
Tri'pper. n.f. [from trip.] One who trips.
Trapping, adj. [from trip.] Quick; nimble.
The clear fun of the frefh wave largely drew.
As after thirft ; which made their flowing fhrink
From ftanding lake, to tripping ebb ; that ftole
With foft foot tow’rds the deep. Alilton’s Par. Loft.
Tri'pping. n.f. [from trip.] Light dance.
Back, fhepherds, back, enough your play,
Here be without duck or nod.
Other trippings to be trod,
Of lighter toes. Milton.
Tri'ptote. n.f. [triptoton, Lat.]
Triptote is a noun ufed but in three cafes. Clark.
Tripu'diary. adj. [,tripudium, Lat.] Performed by dancing.
Claudius Pulcher underwent the like fuccefs when he con¬
tinued the tripudiary augurations. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Tripudia'tion. n.f. [tripudium, Lat.] A£t of dancing.
Tr.i'ppingly. adv. [from hipping.'] With agility; with fwift
motion.
i his ditty after me
Sing, and dance it trippingly. Shakefpeare.
Speak the fpeech trippingly on the tongue : but if you
mouth it as many of our players do, I had as lieve the towncrier had fpoke my lines. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Tri'reme.
T R I T R I
TbiRe'me. n.f [triremis, Lat.] A galley with three benches
of oars on a fide.
Trise'ction. n.f. [tres andfcSiio, Lat.] Dlvifion into three
equal parts: the trifeCHon of an angle is one of the defiderata of geometry.
Tri'stful. adj. [trifis, Lat.] Sad; melancholy; gloomy;
forrowful. A bad word.
Heav’n’s face doth glow
With trifful vifage; and, as ’gainft the doom,
I thought fick at the a£I. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Trisu'lc. n.f. [trijulcus, Lat.] A thing of three points.
Confider the threefold effeCt of Jupiter’s trifulc, to burn,
difcufs, and terebrate. Brown's vulgar Errours.
Trisylla'bical. adj. [trefyllahe, Fr. from trifyllable.] Con¬
futing of three fyllables.
TRIS^c 'LLABLE. n.f. [,trifylldba, Latin.] A word confifting
af three fyllables.
TRITE, adj. [tritus, Latin.] Worn out; ftale ; common ;
not new.
Thefe duties cannot but appear of infinite concern when
we refleCt how uncertain our time is: this may be thought
fo trite and obvious a reflection, that none can want to be
reminded of it. Rogers's Sermons.
She gives her tongue no moment’s reft,
In phrafes batter’d, ftale, and trite.
Which modern ladies call polite. Swift.
Tri'teness. n.f. [from trite.] Stalenefs; commonnefs.
Trithe'ism. n.f. [tritheifme, Fr. rpnV and Sro?.] The opi¬
nion which holds three diftinCt gods.
Tri'turable. adj. [triturable, Fr. from triturate.'] Polfible
to be pounded or comminuted.
It is not only tritwable and reducible to powder by contri¬
tion, but will not fubfift in a violent fire. Brown.
Tritura'tion. n. f. [trituration, Fr. trituro, Lat.] Re¬
duction of any fubftances to powder upon a ftone with a
muller, as colours are ground : it is alfo called levigation.
He affirmeth, that a pumice ftone powdered is lighter
than one entire; that abatement can hardly be avoided in
trituration. Brown's Vulgar Errours, l. iv.
TriVet. n.f. [SeeTREVET.] Any thing fupported by three
feet.
The beft at horfe-race he ordain’d a lady for his prize.
Generally praifeful; fair and young, and /kill’d in houfewiferies.
Of all kind fitting; and withal a trivet, that enclos’d
Twenty-two meafures. Chapman's Iliad.
The trivet table of a foot was lame,
A blot which prudent Baucis overcame,
Who thrufte beneath the limping leg a /herd. Dryden.
Tri'vial. n.f. [trivial, Fr. trivialis, Lat.]
1. Vile ; worthlefs; vulgar; fuch as may be picked up in the
highway.
Be fubjeCts great, and worth a poet’s voice.
For men of fenfe defpife a trivial choice. Rofcommon.
2. Light; trifling; unimportant; inconfiderable. This ufe is
more frequent, though lefs juft.
This argues confcience in your grace.
But the refpects thereof are nice and trivial.
All circumftances well confidered. Shakefp. Rich. III.
See yon mad fools, who, for fome trivial right,
For love, or for miftaken honour, fight. Dryden.
Were they only fome flight and trivial indifcretions, to
which the example of the world expofed us, it might per¬
haps not much concern our religion. Rogers’s Serm.
In ev’ry work regard the writer’s end;
And if the means be juft, the conduct true,
Applaufe, in fpite of trivial faults, is due. Pope.
The ancient poets are like many modern ladies: let an
action be never fo trivial in itfelf, they always make it ap¬
pear of the utmoft importance. Pope.
Trivially, adv. [from trivial.]
1. Commonly; vulgarly.
Money is not the iinews of war, as is trivially faid, where
the finews of mens arms, in effeminate people, fail. Bacon.
2. Lightly; inconfiderably.
Tri'vialness. n.f. [from trivial.]
1. Commonnefs; vulgarity.
2. Lightnefs; unimportance.
TRI'UMPH. n.f. [triumphus, Lat. triomphe, Fr.]
1. Pomp with which a victory is publickly celebrated.
Hence will I drag thee headlong by the heels
Unto a dunghil, which /hall be thy grave;
And there cut off thy moft ungracious head,
Which I will bear in triumph to the king. Shakefpeare.
In ancient times the triumphs of the generals from victory,
and the great donatives upon di/banding the armies, were
things able to enflame all mens courage. Bacon.
2. State of being victorious.
Sublime with expectation when to fee
In triumph iffuing forth their glorious chief. Milton.
Hercules, from Spain,
Arriv'd in triumph, from Geryon /lain. Dryden s /.En.
Milton»
Pope.
Logie.
Milton.
Prior.
Shakefpeare.
Shakefpeare.
Milton.
from
3: Victory; conqueft.
Eros has
Packt cards with Caefar, and falfe play’d my glory
Unto an enemy’s triumph. _ Shakejp. Ant. and Cleopatra1
Each order bright
Sung triumph, and him fung victorious king.
Turn arcs of triumph to a garden-gate.
If fools admire, or whining coxcombs toaft,
The vain coquets the trifling triumphs boait.
4. Joy for fuccefs.
Great triumph and rejoicing was in heav’n.
5. A cohquering card now called trump. See Trump.
To Tri'umph. v.n. [triumpho, Lat. triompher, Fr. » This
word is always accented in profe on the firft fyllable, but in
poetry fometimes on the laft.J
1. To celebrate a victory with pomp; to rejoice for victory.
The triumphing of the wicked is fhort, and the joy of the
hypocrite is but for a moment. Job xx. 5.
Your victory, alas, begets my fears ;
Can you not then triumph without my tears. Dryden.
2. To obtain victory.
This great commander fought many times to perfuade Solyman to forbear to ufe his forces any farther againft the
Chriftians, over whom he had fufficiently triumphed, and
turn them upon the Perfians. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
Then all this earthy groffnefs quit,
Attir’d with ftars, we /hall for ever fit,
Triumphing over death, and chance, and time. Milton.
There fix thy faith and triumph o’er the world;
For who can help, or who can fave befides ? Roxve.
W hile blooming youth and gay delight
Sit on thy rofey cheeks confeft,
Thou haft, my dear, undoubted right
To triumph o’er this deftin’d breaft.
3. To infult upon an advantage gained.
How ill befeeming is it in thy fex
To triumph, like an Amazonian trull.
Sorrow on all the pack of you.
That triumph thus upon my mifery.
Our grand foe.
Who now triumphs, and in th’ excels of joy
Sole reigning, holds the tyranny of heav’n.
Triu'mphal. adj. [triomphal, Fr. triumphalis, Lat.
triumph.], Ufed in celebrating viCtory.
He left only triumphal garments to the general. Bacon.
Ye fo near heav’n’s door,
Triumphal with triumphal aCt have met. Milton.
Steel could the works of mortal pride confound,
And hew triumphal arches to the ground. Pope.
Left we fhould for honour take
The drunken quarrel of a rake ;
Or think it feated in a fear,
Or a proud triumphal car. Swift.
Triu'mphal. n.f. [triumphalia, Lat. triumphal ornaments.]
A token of victory. Not in ufe.
He to his crew that fat confulting brought
Joylefs triumphals of his hop’d fuccefs.
Milton's Paradlfe Regain'd.
Triu'mphant. adj. [triumphans, Lat. triumphant, Fr.]
1. Celebrating a victory.
Captives bound to a triumphant car. Shakefpeare.
It was drawn as a triumphant chariot, which at the fame
time both follows and triumphs. South's Sermons.
2. Rejoicing as for victory.
Think you, but that I know our ftate fecure,
I would be fo triumphant as I am ? Shakefp. Rich. III.
Off with the traitor’s head;
And now to London with triumphant march,
There to be crowned. Shakefp. Henry VI. p. iii.
Succefsful beyond hope, to lead ye forth
Triumphant out of this infernal pit.
3. Victorious; graced with conqueft.
He fpeedily through all the hierarchies
Intends to pafs triumphant, and give laws.
Athena, war’s triumphant maid,
The happy fon will, as the father, aid.
Triumphantly, adv. [from triumphant.]
1. In a triumphant manner in token of victory; joyfully as for
viCtory.
ViCtory with little lofs doth play
Upon the dancing banners of the French ;
Who are at hand triumphantly difplay’d. Shakefpeare.
Through armed ranks triumphantly /he drives,
And with one glance commands ten thoufand lives. Gran,
2. ViCtorioufly ; with fuccefs.
Thou mull, as a foreign recreant, be led
With manacles along our ftreet; or elfe
Triumphantly tread on thy country’s ruin,
And bear the palm. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
3. With infolent exultation.
A mighty governing lye goes round the world, and ha9
almoft bani/hed truth out of it; and fo reigning triumphantly
26 Z in
Milton.
Milton.
Pope's Odyfjey.
T R O
ill its (lead, is the fource of moft of thofe confufions that
plague the univerfe. South s Sermons.
Tkiu'MPHER. n.f. [from triumph.'] One who triumphs.
Thefe words become your lips, as they pafs through
them,
And enter in our ears, like great triumphers.
In their applauding gates. Shakefp. Timon of Athens
Auguft was dedicated to Auguftus by the fenatc, becaufc
in the lame month he was the firft time created conful, and
thrice triumpher in Rome. P,a,ham on Drawing.
c n.f. [triumviralus or triumviri, .Lat. triumTriu'mvirate. \ 'Jat^ Fr.] A coalition or concurrence of
1 rxumvIRI. £ three men.
Lepidus of the triumvirate
Should be depos’d. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
The triumviri, the three corner cap of fociety. Shakefpeare.
During that triumvirate of kings, Henry the eighth of
England,0 Francis the firft of France, and Charles the fifth
emperor of Germany, none of the three could win, a palm
of o-round but the other two would balance it. Bacon s EJfays.
With thefe the Piercies them confederate,
And, as three heads conjoin in one intent,
And inftituting a triumvirate,
Do part the land in triple government. Daniel's Civil IVtr.
From diftant regions fortune fends
An odd tr iumvirate of friends. Swift.
Tribune, adj. [tres and unus, Lat.] At once three and one.
We read in feripture of a triune Deity, of God made flelh
in the womb.of a virgin, and crucified by the Jews. Burnet.
To Troat. v.a. [with hunters.] To cry as a buck doeyit
rutting time. . , ]
Tro'car. n.f. [trocar corrupted from trots quart, french.]
A chirurgical inftrument.
The handle of the trocar is of wood, the canula of hlver,
and the perforator of fteel. . Sharp's Surgery.
Trocha'ical. adj. [trochaique, Fr. trochaicus, Lat.J Conlil -
ing of trochees. ,
Trocha'nters. n.f. [rpoxavlripf?.] Two procefles of the
thigh bone, called rotator major and minor, in which the
tendons of many mufcles terminate. „
TROCHEE. n.f. [trochaus, Lat.trochee, Fr. A
foot ufed in Latin poetry, confifting of a long and lhort fylTrochi'licks. n. f [r^fAtov, rpo^o?, a wheel.] The
feience of rotatory motion. . - ,
There fucceeded new inventions and horologies, compoied
bv trochilicks, or the artifice of wheels, whereof fome are
kept in motion by weight, others without. < Brown.
It is requifite that we rightly underftand fome principles in
trochilicks, or the art of wheel inftruments ; as chiefly the
relation betwixt the parts of a wheel and thofe of a balance,
the feveral proportions in the femidiameter ot a wheel being
anfwerable to the fides of a balance. Wilkins's Dadalus.
Tro'chings. n.f. The branches on a deer’s head. Ainf
Trochi'sch. n. f [r?(%urx®* ; trochifque, tr. trochijcus,
Latin.] A kind of tablet or lozenge.
The trochifks of vipers, fo much magnified, and the nem
of fnakes fome ways condited and corrected. Bacon.
Trode, the preterite of tread. .
They trode the grapes and made merry. fudges ix. 27.
Trode. n.f. [from trode, pret. of tread.] Footing.
Per. The trode is not fo tickle. spefl
They never fet foot on that fame trode.
But baulke their right way, and ftrain abroad. Spenfer
Trod. ? participle paflive of tread.
Tro'dden. 5 „ , _ T J
Jerufalem fhall be trodden down of the Gentiles. Luke xxi.
Thou, infernal ferpent, fhalt not long
Rule in the clouds ; like an autumnal ftar,
Or li^ht’ning, thou {halt fall from heav’n trod down .
Unde* his feet. Milton's Par. Reg. b. tv.
Ev’n the rough rocks with tender myrtle bloom.
And trodden weeds fend out a rich perfume.' . Addifon.
Tro'glodyte. n.f. [rpco^AoLliif.] One who inhabits caves
of the earth.
Procure me a troglodyte footman, who can catch a roe at
his full fpeed. Arbuth. and Pope's Mart. Scnb.
To Troll, v.a. [trollen, to roll, Dutch; perhaps from
trochlea, Lat. a thing to turn round.] To move circularly ;
to drive about.
With the phant’fies of hey troll,
Troll about the bridal bowl,
Aud divide the broad-bread cake.
Round about the bride’s flake. Benj. Johnfon s Underwoods.
To Troll, v. n.
I. To roll; to run round.
How pleafant on the banks of Styx,
To troll it in a coach and fix. Swift.
2 To fifh for a pike with a rod which has a pulley towards
* the bottom, which I fuppofe gives occafion to the term.
Nor drain I ponds the golden carp to take.
Nor trowleior pikes, difpeoplers of the lake. Gay.
T R O’
Tro'llop. n.f. [A low word, I know not whence derived.]
A flatternly, loofe woman.
Tro'lmydames. n.f. [Of this word I know not the meaning.]
A fellow I have known to go about with trolmydames: I
knew him once a fervant of the prince. Shak. Winter's Tale.
TROOP, n. f. [troupe, Fr. troppa, Italian ; troope, Dutch ;
trop, Swedifh; troppa, low Latin.]
1. A company ; a number of people colledted together.
That which fhould accompany old age.
As honour, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I mull not look to have. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Saw you not a Hefted troop
Invite me to a banquet, whofe bright faces
Cart thoufand beams upon me like the fun. Shakefpeare.
As the mind, by, putting together the repeated ideas of
unity, makes the collective mode of any number, as a fcore,
or a grofs ; fo by putting together feveral particular fubflances,
it makes collective ideas offubflances, as a. troop,an army. Locke.
2. A body of foldiers.
iEneas feeks his abfent foe,
And fends his flaughter’d troops to fhades below. Drydcn.
3. A fmall body of cavalry.
To Troop, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To march in a body.
I do not, as an enemy to peace.
Troop in the throngs of military men.
But rather fhew a while like fearful war. Shakefpeare,
They anon
With hundreds, and with thoufands, trooping came.
Attended. Miltons Par. Lojl, h. i.
Armies at the call of trumpet
Troop to their flandard. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vii*
2. To march in hafte.
Yonder fhines Aurora’s harbinger.
At whofe approach ghofts, wand’ring here and there.
Troop home to churchyards. Shakefpeare,
The dry flreets flow’d with men,
That troop'd up to the king’s capacious court. Chapman.
3. To march in company.
I do invert: you jointly with my power,
Preheminence, and all the large effeCts
That troop with majefty. Shakefp. King Lear.
Tro'oper. n.f. [from troop.] A horfe foldier A trooper
fights only on horfeback ; a dragoon marches on horfeback,
but fights either as a horfeman or footman.
Cuftorn makes us think well of any thing : what can be
more indecent now than for any to wear boots but troopers
and travellers ? yet not many years fince it was all the fafhion.
Grew:
Trope, n.f. [t^o'tt^; trope, Fr. tropus, Lat.] A change of
a word from its original fignification ; as, the clouds foretel
rain forforejhew.
For rhetorick he could not ope
His mouth, but out there flew a trope. Hudibras.
If this licence be included in a fingle word, it admits of
tropes ; if in a fentence, of figures. Dryden.
Tro'phied. adj. [from trophy.] Adorned with trophies.
Some greedy minion, or imperious wife,
The trophy d arches, ftory’d halls invade. _ Pope.
Tro'phy. n.f. [tropeeum, trophesum, Latin.] Something taken
from an enemy, and (hewn or treafured up in proof of victory.
What trophy then fhall I moft fit devife.
In which I may record the memory
Of my love’s conqueft, peerlefs beauty s prize
Adorn’d with honour, love, and chaftity ? SpenjerL
To have borne
His bruifed helmet and his bended fword.
Before him through the city, he forbids ;
Giving all trophy, fignal, and oftent,
Quite from himfelf to God. Shakefp. Henry V.
There lie thy bones,
Till we with trophies do adorn thy tomb. Shakefpeare.
Twice will I not review the morning’s rife,
Till I have torn that trophy from thy back,
And fplit thy heart for wearing it. Shakefpeare.
In ancient times the trophies erected upon the place of the
victory, the triumphs of the generals upon their return, the
great donatives upon the difbanding of the armies, were
things able to enflame all mens courage. Bacon s EJfays.
Around the ports hung helmets, darts, and ipears, 3
And captive chariots, axes, fhields, and bars, r
And broken beaks of(hips, the trophies oftheir wars. Dry. 3
The tomb with manly arms and trophies^ grace.
To (hew pofterity Elpenor was. Pope s Odyjjey, . xi.
Tro'pical. adj. [from trope.]
I, Rhetorically changed from the original meaning.
A ftridt and literal acceptation of a looie and tropical expreffion was a fecornl ground. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
The words are tropical or figurative, and import an hyper¬
bole which is a way of expreffing things beyond what really
and naturally they are in themfelves. South s Sermons.
€ i
The
T R O T R O
The foundation of all parables is, fome analogy Or fimilitude between the tropical or allufive part of the parable, and
the thing intended by it. South's Sermons.
2.[From tropick.] Placed near the tropick ; belonging to the
tropick.
The pine apple is one of the tropical fruits. Salmon.
TRO'PICK. n.f. [tropique, Fr. tropicus, Lat.] The line at
which the fun turns back, of which the North has the tro¬
pick of Cancer, and the South the tropick of Capricorn.
Under the tropick is our language fpoke.
And part of Flanders hath receiv’d our yoke. Waller.
Since on ev’ry fea, on ev’ry coaft.
Your men have been diftrefs’d, your navy toft,
Sev’n times the fun has either tropick view’d.
The Winter banifh’d, and the Spring renew’d. Dryden.
Tropoi.o'gical. n. f. [tropologique, Fr. and AojAc^.]
Varied by tropes; changed from the original import of the
words.
Tropo'logy. n.f. [rpo7r(gP and Ao'y^5.] A rhetorical mode
of fpeech including tropes, or a change of fome word from
the original meaning.
Not attaining the deuterology and fecond intention of words,
they omit their fuperconfequences, coherences, figures, or
tropologies, and are not perfuaded beyond their literalities.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Tro'ssers. n.f. [trouJfeS) Fr.] Breeches; hofe. See Trouse.
You rode like a kern of Ireland; your French hofe off,
and in your ftrait trojfers. Shakefp. Henry V.
To Trot. v. n. [trotter, Fr. trotten> Dutch.]
1. To move with a high jolting pace.
Poor Tom, that hath made him proud of heart, to fide
on a bay trotting horfe, over four inch’d bridges, to courfe
his own {hadow for a traitor. Shakefp. King Lear.
Whom doth time trot withal ?
—He trots hard with a young maid, between the contract
of her marriage and the day it is folemniz’d : if the interim
be but a fevennight time’s pace, is fo hard that it feems
the length of feven years. Shakefp. As you like it.
Take a gentle trotting horfe, and come up and fee your
old friends. Dennis.
2. To walk faft, in a ludicrous or contemptuous fenfe.
Trot. n.f. [trot, Fr. from the verb.]
1. The jolting high pace of a horfe.
His honefty is not
So loofe or eafy, that a ruffling wind
Can blow away, or glitt’ring look it blind :
Who rides his fure and even trot,
While the world now rides by, now lags behind. Herbert.
Plere lieth one who did moft truly prove.
That he could never die while he could move;
So hung his deftiny, never to rot
While he might ftill jog on and keep his trot. Milton.
The virtuofo’s faddle will amble when the world is upon
the hardeft trot. Drydcn.
2. An old woman. In contempt. I know not whence derived.
Give him gold enough, and marry him to an old trot with
ne’er a tooth in her head : why, nothing comes amifs, fo
money comes withal. Shak. Taming of the Shrew.
How now bold-face, cries an old trot; firrah, we eat our
own hens, and what you eat you fteal. L'Eftrange.
Troth, n.f. [trouth, old Englilh; tpeoS, Saxon.] Truth;
faith ; fidelity.
Saint Withold met the night-mare.
Bid her light and her troth plight. Shakefpcare.
Stephen affails the realm, obtains the crown,
€uch tumults raifing as torment them both :
Th’ affli&ed ftate, divided in their troth
And partial faith, moft miferable grown.
Endures the while. * Daniel's Civil War.
In troth, thou’rt able to inftrudl grey hairs,
-And teach the wily African deceit. Addifon's Cato.
• Tro'thless. adj. [from troth.] Faithlefs ; treacherous.
Thrall to the faithlefs waves and trothlefs fky. Fairfax.
Tro'thplight. adj. [troth and plight.] Betrothed; affianced.
This, your fon in law,
Is trothplight to your daughter. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
To TROUBLE, v.a. [troubler, Fr.]
1. To difturb; to perplex.
An hour before the worfhipp’d fun
Fear’d through the golden window of the Eaft,
A troubled mind drew me to walk abroad. Shakefpcare.
But think not here to trouble holy reft. Milton.
Never trouble yourfelf about thofe faults which age will
cure> Locke on Education.
2. To afflidl; to grieve.
It would not trouble me to be flain for thee, but much it
torments me to b® flain by thee. Sidney, b. ii.
T hey pertinacioufly maintain that afflictions aie no real
evils, and therefore a wife man ought not to be troubled at
them. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Though it is in vain to be troubled for that which I cannot
chufe, yet I cannot chufc but be affliCted, Tillotfon's Sermons,
3. To diftrefs; to make uneafy.
Be not difmay’d nor troubled at thefe tidings. Milton.
He was fore troubled in mind, and much diftreffed. 1 Mac.
4. To buly; to engage overmuch.
Martha, thou art careful, and troubled about many things.
Luke x. 4!.
5. To give occafion of labour to. A word of civility or flight
regard.
I will not trouble myfelf to prove that all terms are not de¬
finable, from that progrefs in infinitum which it will lead us
into. Locke,
6. To teize; to vex.
The boy fo troubles me j
’Tis paft enduring. Shakefpeare.
7. T o diforder; to put into agitation or commotion.
A woman mov’d is like a fountain troubled;
Muddy, ill feeming, thick, bereft of beauty. Shakefpeare.
An angel went down into the pool and troubled the water;
whofoever firft after the troubling ftepped in was made whole.
J'juit. v •
Milton.
the
Davies.
Davies.
bottom.
South.
Milton.
God looking forth will trouble all his hoft.
Hear how ftie the ear employs ;
Their office is the troubled air to take.
Seas are troubled when they do revoke
Their flowing waves into themlelves again.
It is not bare agitation, but the fediment at
that troubles and defiles the water.
The beft law in our days is that which continues our
judges during their good behaviour, without leaving them to
the mercy of fuch who might, by an undue influence, trouble
and pervert the courfe of juftice. > Addifon's Guard. N°. 99.
Thy force alone their fury can reftrain.
And fmooth the waves, or fwell the troubl'd main. Dryden.
8. To mind with anxiety.
He had credit enough with his mafter to provide for his
own intereft, and troubled not himfelf for that of others. Clar.
9. [In low language.] To fue for a debt.
Tro'uble. n.f [trouble, French.]
1. Difturbance ; perplexity.
They all his hoft derided, while they flood
A while in trouble. - Milton,
2. Affliction ; calamity.
Double, double, toil and trouble,
Fire burn and cauldron bubble. Shakefp. Macbeth;
3. Moleftation ; obftruClion ; inconvenience.
Take to thee from among the cherubim
The choice of flaming warriours, left the fiend
Some new trouble raife.
4. Uneafinefs; vexation.
I have dream’d
Of much offence and trouble, which my mind
Knew never till this irkfome night. Milton.
Tro'uble-state. n.f. [trouble and fiate.] Difturber of a
community; publick makebate.
Thofe fair baits thefe trouble-Jlates ftill ufe,
Pretence of common good, the king’s ill courfe,
Muft be caft forth. Daniel's Civil W. r.
Tro'ubler. n.f. [from trouble.] Difturber; confounder.
Unhappy falls that hard neceffity.
Quoth he, the troubler of my happy peace,
And vowed foe of my felicity. Fairy Fht. b. i.
Heav’ns hurl down their indignation
On thee, thou troubler of the poor world’s peace ! Shak.
The beft temper of minds delireth good name and true
honour; the lighter, popularity and applaufe; the more de¬
praved, fubjedtion and tyranny ; as is feen in great conquerors
and troublers of the world, and more in arch-hcreticks. Bac.
Spain,
Whofe chief fupport and finews are of coin.
Our nation’s folid virtue did oppofe
To the rich troublers of the world’s repofe. Waller.
The fword juftly drawn by us can fcarce fafely be fheathed, till the power of the great troubler of our peace be pared,
as to be under no apprehenfions for the future. Atterbury.
Tro'ublesome. adj. [from trouble.']
1. Full of moleftation; vexatious; uneafy; affiidlivq.
Heav’n knows
By what bye-paths and indirefl crooked ways
1 met this crown; and I myfelf know well
How troublefome it fat upon my head :
To thee it {hall defeend with better quiet. Shakefpeare.
He muft be very wife that can forbear being troubled at
things very troublefome. Tillotfon's Sermons.
Though our paffage through this world be rough and
troubleJome^ yet the trouble will be but fhort, and the reft and
contentment at the end will be an ample recompence. Atterb.
2. Burdenfome; tirefome; wearifome.
My mother will never be troublefome to me. Pope,
3. Full of teizing bufmefs.
All this could not make us accufe her, though it made us
almoft pine away for fpight, to lofe any of our time in fq
•hrrtiiluoCnyyto on ... troublefome an idlenefs.
5
Sidney.
4. Slightly
Milton.
T R O
4. Slightly harraffing.
They eas’d the putting off
Thefe troublefome difguifes which we wear.
Why doth the crown lie there upon his pillow.
Being fo troublefome a bedfellow. _ Shakefp. Henry
5. Unfeafonably engaging; improperly importuning.
She^of late is lightened of her womb.
That her to fee fhould be but troublefome. Fa. Qu. b. 1.
6. Importunate; teizing. ,, . .
Two or three troublefome old nurfes, never let me have
a quiet night’s reft with knocking me up. Arbuthnot.
Tro'ublesomely. adv. [from troublefome.] Vexatiouflyj
wearifomely; unfeafonably; importunately. _
Though men will not be fo troublefomely critical^ as to coire& others in the ufe of words ; yet where truth is concern¬
ed it can be no fault to defire their explication. Locke.
Tro’ublesomeness. n.f [from troublefome.]
1. Vexatioufnefs ; uneafmefs.
The lord treafurer, he complained of the troublefomenefs
of the place, for that the exchequer was fo empty : the chan¬
cellor anfwered, be of good cheer, for now you fhall fee the
bottom of your bufinefs at the firft. Bacon.
2. Importunity ; unfeafonablenefs.
Tro'ublous. adj. [from trouble.] Tumultuous; confufed;
difordered; put into commotion. An elegant word, but
difufed.
He along would fly
Upon the ftreaming rivers, fport to find ;
And oft would dare tempt the troublous wind. Spenfer.
Soon as they this mock king did efpy.
Their troublous ftrife they ftinted by and by. Hubb. Tale.
No other noife, nor people’s troublous cries.
As ftill are wont t’ annoy the walled town,
Might there be heard. Fairy Queen, b. i.
As a tall fhip tolled in troublous feas.
Whom raging winds threaten to make the prey
Of the rough rocks. Fairy Queen, b. ii.
Then, mafters, look to fee a troublous world. Shakefp.
Only one fupply
In four years troublous and expenfive reign. Daniel.
Tro'ver. n.f [trouver, French.] In the common law, is an
a£Hon which a man hath againft one that having found any
of his goods refuleth to deliver them upon demand. Cowel.
Trough? n.f. [tpo5, rpoh, Saxon; frock, Dutch1; trou,
Danifh; traug, Iflandick ; truogo, Italian.] Any thing hol¬
lowed and open longitudinally on the upper fide.
The bloody boar
That fpoil’d your fummer fields and fruitful vines,
Swills your warm blood like wafh, and makes his trough
In your embowel’d bofoms. Shakefp. Rich. III.
They had no fhips but big troughs, which they call canocs_ Abbot’s Defcription of the World.
Where there is a good quick fall of rain water, lay a half
trough of ftone, of a good length, three foot deep, with one
end upon the high ground, the other upon the low ; cover
the trough with brakes a good thicknefs, and caft fand upon
the top of the brakes, the lower end of the trough will run
like a lpring of water. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl. N°. 29.
Some log, perhaps, upon the water fwam.
An ufelefs drift, which rudely cut within.
And hollow’d, firft a floating trough became.
And crofs fome riv’let paffage did begin. Dryden.
The water diffolves the particles of fait mixed in the ftone,
and is conveyed by long troughs and canals from the mines to
Hall, where it is received in vaft cifterns and boiled on. Add.
To Troul. v. n. [trollen, to roll, Dutch.] See Troll.
I.. To move volubly.
Bred only, and completed, to the talte
Of luftful appetence ; to fing, to dance.
To drefs, and troul the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton.
2. To utter volubly.
Let us be jocund. Will you ttoul the catch ^
You taught me while-ere. Shakefpeare s Tempcfl.
To Trounce, v. a. [derived by Skinner from tronc or tronjon,
French, a club.] To punifh by an indi&ment or informa¬
tion.
More probable, and like to hold
Than hand, or feal, or breaking gold ;
For which fo many, that renounc’d ^
Their plighted contradls have been trounc’d. Huclibras.
If you talk of peaching, I’ll peach firft : 111 trounce you
for offering to corrupt my honefty. Dryden’s Spanijh Fryar»
Trouse. I n.f. [trouffc, Fr. truijh, Erfe.] Breeches; hofe.
Tro'users. S SeeTRossERS.
The leather quilted jack ferves under his fhirt of mail, and
to cover his troufe on horfeback. Spenfer on Ireland.
The unfightlinefs and pain in the leg may be helped by
wearing a laced ftocking; a laced troufe will do as much for
the thigh. Wifeman’s Surgery.
Trout, n.f. [rpuht, Saxon ; trofta, truta, trutta, Lat.J
1 A delicate fpotted fifh inhabiting brooks and quick ftreams.
The pond will keep trout and falmon in their feafonable
plight, but not in their reddifh grain. Carew.
T R U
Worfe than the anarchy at fea,
Where fifties on each other prey ;
Where ev’ry trout can make as high rants
O’er his inferiours as our tyrants. Swift.
2. A familiar phrafe for an honeft, or perhaps for a filly fellow.
Here comes the trout that muft be caught with tickling.
Shakefpeare.
To Trow. v. n. [rpeo^ian, Saxon ; troe, Danifh.] To think;
to imagine; to conceive. A word now difufed, and rarely
ufed in ancient writers but in familiar language.
What handfomenefs, trow you, can be obferved in that
fpeech, which is made one knows not to whom ? . Sidney.
Is there any reafonable man, trow you, but will judge it
meeter that our ceremonies of Chriftian religion fhould be
Popifh than Turkifh or Heathenifh. Hooker, b. iv.
Lend lefs than thou oweft.
Learn more than thou troweji. Shakefp. King Lear.
To-morrow next
We will for Ireland ; and ’tis time, I trow. Shakefpeare.
O rueful day ! rueful indeed, I trow. Gay.
Trow, interjefl. [for I trow, or trow you.] An exclamation of
enquiry. .
Well, if you be not turn’d Turk, there is no more failing
by the ftar. e, , .
—What means the fool, trow ? Shakefpeare.
Tro'wel. n.f. [truelle, Fr. trulla, Lat.] •
A trowel is a tool to take up the mortar with, and Ipread
it on the bricks; with which alfo they cut the bricks to luch
lengths as they have occafion, and alfo flop the joints. Moxon.
° Fair princefs, you have loft much good fport.
.—Sport! of what colour ?
—What colour, madam ? how (hall I anfwer you -
—As wit and fortune will.
—Or as the deftinies decree.
—Well faid, that was laid on with a trowel. Shakefpeare.
This was dext’rous at his trowel,
That was bred to kill a cow well. Swift.
Troy-we'ight. \ n.f [from Troies, Fr.] A kind of weight
Troy. ) by which gold and bread are weighed,
confifting of thele denominations; a pound rz: 12 ounces;
ounce =: 20 pennyweights; pennyweight = 24 grains.
The Englifh phyficians make ufe of troyweight after the
following manner.
Grains
20 Scruple
60 3
Drachm
480 24 8
5760 288 96
Ounce
12 Pound.
The Romans left their ounce in Britain, now our averdupois ounce, for our troy ounce we had elfewhere; Arbuthnot.
Tru'ant. n.f [truand, OldFr. treuwant, Dutch, a vagabond.]
An idler ; one who wanders idly about, negle&ing his duty
or employment. To play the truant is, in fchools, to flay
from fchool without leave.
For my part I may fpeak it to my fhame,
I have a truant been to chivalry. Shakefpeare.
Though myfelf have been an idle truant,
Omitting the lweet benefit of time.
To cloath mine age with angel-like perfe&ion;
Yet hath Sir Protheus made fair advantage of his days.
Shakefp. Two Gentlemen of Verona.
Providence would only initiate mankind into the know¬
ledge of her treafures, leaving the reft to our induftry, that
we might not live like idle loiterers and truants. More.
Our fhips are laden with the Trojan ftore.
And you like truants come too late afhore. Dryden’s /En.
Truant, adj. Idle; wandering from bufinefs; lazy; loi¬
tering.
^What keeps you from Wertemberg ?
_A truant difpolition, good my lord. Shakefp. Hamlet.
He made a blufhing cital of himfelf.
And chid his truant youth with fuch a grace.
As if he mafter’d there a double fpirit.
Of teaching, and of learning inftantly. Shakefpeare.
Where thou feeft a fingle fheep remain
In fhades aloof, or couch’d upon the plain,
Or late to lag behind with truant pace.
Revenge the crime, and take the traytor’s head.
To Truant, v. n. [truander, to beg about a country, trench;
truwanten, old German.] To idle at a diftance from duty ;
to loiter ; to be lazy.
’Tis double wrong to truant with your bed.
And let her read it in-thy looks at board. Shakefpeare.
Tru'antship. n.f [trualte, Old Fr from tr*mt} truandf m
Chaucer is beggery.] Idlenefs; negligence; neglcT of ftudy
0rThenmafter fhould not chide with him if the child have
done his diligence, and ufed no truant/hip. AJcbam.
True-
r
T R U T R U
Tru'btail. n.f A Ihort fquat woman. Ainfworth.
Trues'. n.J. [tuber, Lat.] A fort ot herb. Ainf.
Truce, n.f [truga, low Lat. tregua, Italian ; fnuV, old Fr.J
I.A temporary peace ; a ceffation of hoftilities.
Leagues and truces made between iuperltitious perfons,
and fuch as ferve God aright. ^ Hooker, b. v.
They pray in vain to have fin pardoned, which feek not
alfo to prevent fin by prayer, even every particularlin, by
prayer againft all fin, except men can name l'ome tranfgrelfion wherewith wc ought to have truce. Hooker.
All this utter’d
With gentle breath, calm look, knees humbly bent,
Could not make truce with the unruly fpleen
Of Tybalt, deaf to peace. Sbakefpearc.
This token ferveth for a flag of truce
Betwixt ourfelves, and all our followers. Sbakefpearc.
Men fhall be lovers of their own fc-lves, without natural
aftedlion, truce breakers. 2 Tim. iii. 3.
Leaf! the truce with treafon Ihould be mixt,
’Tis my concern to have the tree betwixt. Drydcn.
Shadwel till death true dulnefs would maintain ;
And in his father’s right, and realm’s defence.
Ne’er wou’d have peace with wit, nor truce with fcnfe.Dryd.
2» Ceffation ; intermillion ; fhort quiet.
There he may find
Truce to his reftlefs thoughts, and entertain
The irkfome hours. • Milton.
Trucida'tion. n.f. [from trucido, Lat.] The add of killing.
To Truck, v.n. [troquer, Fr. truccare, Italian; trocar, Spanifh ; deduced by Salmafus from rpuyeiv, to get money.] To
traffick by exchange; to give one commodity for another.
To Truck, v. a. To give in exchange; to exchange.
The Indians truck gold for glafies. L'Ejirange.
Go, mifer ! go ; for lucre fell thy foul.
Truck wares for wares, and trudge from pole to pole;
That men may fay, when thou art dead and gone.
See, what a vaft eftate he left his fon. Drydcn.
I fee nothing left us, but to truck and barter our goods like
the wild Indians, with each other. Swift.
Tfruck. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Exchange; traffidk by exchange.
It is no lefs requifite to maintain a truck in moral offices,
than in the common bufinefs of commerce. L'Ejirange.
Love is covetous ; I mud have all of you: heart for heart
Is an equal truck. Drydcn.
2. [r^Cy/oY] Wooden wheels for carriage of cannon. Ainf.
Tru'ciclebed, or trundlcbed. n. f [properly troclcbed; from
trochlea, Latin, orrpo^o?.] A bed that runs on wheels under
a higher bed.
There’s his chamber, his houfe, his caftle, his Handing
bed and trucklebed. Sbakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
If he that is in battle flain.
Be in the bed of honour lain ;
lie that is beaten may be faid.
To lie in honour’s trucklebed. Hudibras, p. i.
To Tru'ckle. v.n. [This word is, I believe, derived from
trucklebed, which is always under another bed.] To be in a
Hate of fubjedlion or inferiority; to yield ; to creep.
Shall our nation be in bondage thus
Unto a land that truckles under us. Cleaveland.
For which fo many a legal cuckold
Has been run down in courts and truckl'd. Hudibras.
Men may be lhifF and obftinate upon a wrong ground, and
ply and truckle too upon as falfe a foundation. L'Efrange.
Religion itfelf is forced to truckle to w'orldly policy. Norris.
His zeal was not to lafih our crimes,
But difeontent againft the times :
For had we made him timely ofters,
To raife h'13 poft or fill his coffers :
Perhaps he might have truckled down.
Like other brethren of his gown. Swift.
They were fubdued and infulted by Alexander’s captains,
and continued under feveral revolutions, a fmall truckling
ftate, of no name till they fell under the Romans. Swift.
Tku'culence. n.f. [truculentia, Lat.]
1. Savagenefs of manners.
2. Terriblenefs of afpedd.
Truculent, adj. [tiuculentus, Lat.]
1. Savage; barbarous.
A barbarous Scythia where the favage and truculent inha¬
bitants transfer themfelves from place to place in waggons, as
they can find pafture, and live upon milk, and flelh roafted
in the fun at the. pomels of their handles. Ray.
2. Terrible of afpedd.
3. Deftruddive ; cruel.
Peftilential feminaries, according to their groffnefs or fubtilty, caufe more or Ids truculent plagues, fome of fuch ma¬
lignity, that they enecate in two hours. Harvey on the Plague.
To Trudge, v. n. [truggiolare, Italian.] To travel laboriouily;
to jog on ; to march heavily on.
No man is fecure, but night-walking heralds,
That trudge between the king and miftrefs Shore. Sbakefp.
No fooncr was he fit to trudge,
But both made ready to diflodge. Hudibras, p. iii.
Away they trudged together, and about midnight got to
their journey’s end. L'Ejirange's Fables.
Go, mifer! go ; for lucre fell thy foul,
Truck wares for wares, and trudge from pole to pole;
That men may fay, when thou art dead and gone.
See, what a vaft eftate he left his fon ! Drydcn.
Once a poor rogue, ’tis true, I trod the ftreet.
And trudg'd to Rome upon my naked feet:
Gold is the greateft god. Dryden's Juvenal.
He that will know the truth, muft leave the beaten track,
which none but fervile minds trudge continually in. Locke.
TRUE. adj. [rpeopa, rpupa, Saxon.]
1. Not falfe; not erroneous ; agreeing with fadd, or with the
nature of things.
Of thofe he chofe he falfeft two,
And fitted: for to forge true feeming lies. Fairy Sftc. b. i.
Teeth hadft thou in thy head when thou waft born,
And, if the reft be true which I have heard.
Thou earn’d: into the world with thy legs forward. Shak.
A new commandment I write, which thing is true in him
and in you. 1 John ii. 8.
What you faid had not been t ue.
If fpoke by any elfe but you. Cowley.
2. Not falfe ; agreeing with our own thoughts.
3. Pure from the crime of falfehood ; veracious.
4. Genuine ; not counterfeit.
The darknefs is paft, and the true light now ftii.icth. 1 Jab.
Among unequals what fociety
Can fort? What harmony or true delight ? Milton.
Religion, as it is the moft valuable thing in the world, fo
it gives the truefc value to them who promote the praddice of
it by their example and authority. Atterbury.
5. Faithful ; not perfidious ; fteady.
My revenge is now at Milford, would I had wings to fol¬
low it! come and be true. Sbakefpeare's Cymbeline.
So young and fo untender ?
-So young my lord, and true.
--Let it be fo; thy truth then be thy dower. Sbakefp.
Do not fee
My fair rofe wither; yet look up ; behold.
That you in pity may diffolve to dew,
And wadi him frefli again with true love tears. Sbakefp.
The firft great work
Is, that yourfelf may to yourfelf be true. Rofcommon.
I’ll rather die
Deferted, than oblige thee with a fadd
Pernicious to thy peace, chiefly affur’d
Remarkably fo late of thy fo true,
So faithful, love unequal’d. Milton’s Par. Lofl, b. ix.
When this fire is kindled, both fides inflame it: all re¬
gard of merit is loft in perfons employed, and thefe only
chofen that are true to the party. Temple.
Smil’d Venus, to behold her own true knight
Obtain the conqueft, though he loft the fight. Dryden.
True to the king her principles are found;
Oh that her practice were but half fo found !
Stedfaft in various turns of ftate fhe ftood,
And feal’d her vow’d affection with her blood. Dryden.
The truejl hearts for Voiture heav’d with fighs;
Voiture was wept by all the brighteft eyes. Pope.
True to his charge the bard preferv’d her long
In honour’s limits, fuch the pow’r of fong. Pope,
6. Honeft ; not fraudulent.
The thieves have bound the true man: now could thou
and I rob the thieves and go merrily to London, it would be
argument for a week. Sbakefp. Henry IV.
If king Edward be as true and juft.
As I am fubtle, falfe, and treacherous.
This day ihould Clarence clofely be mew’d up. Sbakefp.
7. Exadd ; truly conformable to a rule.
If all thole great painters, who have left us fuch fair plat¬
forms, had rigoroufly obferved it, they had made things more
regularly true, but withal very unpleafing. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
He drew
A circle regularly true. Prior.
Tickets firft book does not want its merit; but I was
difappointed in my expeddation of a tranllation nicely true to
the original; whereas in thofe parts where the greateft exaddnefs feems to be demanded, he has been the lead careful. Arb.
8. Rightful.
They feize the feeptre;
Then lofe it to a ftranger, that the true
Anointed King Meffiah might be bom
Bar’d of his right. Milton.
Truebo rn. n.J. \_true and born.~\ Having a rYht by birth.
Where’er I wander, boaft of this I can.
Though banilh’d, yet a trueborn Englifhman. Sbakefpeare.
Let him that is a trueborn gentleman,
And Hands upon the honour of his birth,
From off this briar pluck a white role with me. Sbakefp.
27 A Truebre'd.
TRU
T&ubbRe'd. adj. [true and bred.] Of a right breed.
Two of them I know to be as truebred cowards as ever
turned back. > ' Sbakefpeare.
Bauble do you call him ? he’s a fubftantial truebred beau,
bravely forehanded. Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
Trufhe'arted. n.f. [true and heart.] Honeft; faithful.
I have known no honefter or truerhearted man : fare thee
wc]l. Shkaefpeare.
Tru'elove. n.f. An herb, called herba Paris.
Truelo'veknot. ? n‘f [true, love, and knot.] . Lines
Truelo'versknot. i drawn through each other with ma¬
ny involutions, confidered as the emblem of interwoven affe&ion.
I’ll carve your name on barks or trees
With irueloveknots, and flourifhes,
That fhall infufe eternal fpring. Hudibras, p. ii.
Tru'eness. n.f. [from true.] Sincerity; faithfulnefs.
The even carriage between two fabtions proceedeth not
always of moderation, but of a truenefs to a man’s felf, with
end to make ufe of both. Bacon's Efflays.
Truepe'nny. n.f. [true and penny.] A familiar phrafe for an
honeft fellow.
Say’ft thou fo ? art thou there, truepenny P
Come on. Sbakefpeare.
Tru'ffle. n.f. [triifle, truffe, French.]^
In Italy, the ufual method for the finding of truffles, or
fubterraneous mufhrooms, called by the Italians tartuiali, and
in Latin tubera terras, is by tying a cord to the hind leg of a
pig, and driving him, oblerving where he begins to root. Ray.
Trug. n. f. A hod for mortar. Ainfw.
Trull, n.f [trulla, Italian.]
j. A low whore ; a vagrant ftrumpet.
I’m fuve, I fear’d the dauphin and his trull. Sbakefpeare.
A trull who fits
By the town wall, and for her living knits. Dryden.
So Msevius, when he drain’d his fkull.
To celebrate fome liiburb trull;
His fimilies in order fet,
And ev’ry crambo he cou’d get;
Before he could his poem clofe,
The lovely nymph had loft her nofe. Swift.
2. It feems to have had firft at leaft a neutral fenfe: a girl; a
lafs; a wench.
Among the reft of all the route
A palling proper laflc,
A white-hair’d trull, of twenty years.
Or neere about there was:
In ftature palling all the reft,
A gallant girl for hewe;
To be compar’d with townilh nymphs.
So fair fhe was to viewe.' TurberVille.
Tru'ly. adv. [from true.]
1. According to truth ; not falfcly ; faithfully; honeftly.
They thought they might do it, not only willingly, becaufe they loved him ; and truly, becaufe fuch indeed was the
mind of the people; but fafely, becaufe fhe who ruled the
king was agreed thereto. Sidney, b. ij.
No untruth can avail the patron long; for things moft
truly are moft behoovefully fpoken. Hooker.
Wifdom alone is truly fair. Milton.
2. Really; without fallacy.
2. Exa£Hy; juftly. .
Right reafon is nothing elfe but the mind of man judging
of things truly, and as they are in themfelves. South.
a.. Indeed. ,
I have not undertaken it out of any wanton pleafure in
mine own pen; nor truly without often pondering with myfelf beforehand what cenfures I might incur. Wotton.
TRUMP, n.f. [trompe, Dutch, and old Fr. tromba, Italian.]
j. A trumpet; an inftrument of warlike mufick.
Whilft any trump did found, or drum ftruck up,
His fword did ne’er leave ftriking in the field. Sbakejp.
Yet firft to thofe ychain’d in fieep,
The wakeful trump of doom muft thunder through the
deep. Milton.
I heard
The neighing couriers and the foldiers cry,
And founding trumps that feem’d to tear the fky. Dryden.
Beneath this tomb an infant lies.
To earth whole body lent,
Hereafter fhall more glorious rife,
But not more innocent.
When the archangel’s trump fhall blow.
And fouls to bodies join,
What crowds fhall wifli their lives below
Had been as fhort as thine. Wefey.
2. [Corrupted from triumph. Latimer, in a Chriftmas fermon,
exhibited a game at cards, and made the ace of hearts
triumph. Fox.] A winning card ; a card that has particular
privileges in a game.
Him Bafto follow’d, but his fate more hard.
Gain’d but one trump and one plebeian card. Pope.
TJR U
Now her heart'with pleafure jumps,
She fcarce remembers what is trumps. Swift.
3. To putto ox upon the Trumps. To put to the Lift expedient.
We are now put upon our laft trump ; the fox is earth’d,-
but I fhall fend my two terriers in after him. Dryden.
To Trump, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To win with a trump card.
2. To Trump up. [from tromper, Fr. to cheat.] To devife ; to
forge.
Tru'mpeRY. n.f [tromperie, French, a cheat.]
1. Something fallacioufly fplendid; fomething of lefs value
than it feems.
The trumpery in my houfe bring hither.
For ftate to catch theie thieves. Sbakefpeare*s Tempeft.
2. Falfehood ; empty talk;.
Breaking into parts the ftory of the creation, and deliver¬
ing it over in a myftical fenfe, wrapping it up mixed with
other their own trumpery, they have fought to obfeure the
truth thereof. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
3. Something of no value ; trifles.
Embrio’s and idiots, eremits and friars.
White, black, and grey, with all their trumpery. Milton.
Another cavity of the head was fluffed with billetdoux,
pricked dances, and other trumpery of the fame w^Xwxz.Addifn.
Tru'mpet. n.f [trompette, French and Dutch.]
1. An inftrument of martial mufick founded by the breath.
What’s the bufinefs ?
That fuch a hideous trumpet calls to parley
The fleepers of the houfe. Sbakefpeare.
If any man of quality will maintain upon Edmund earl of
Glofter, that he is a manifold traitor, let him appear by the
third found of the trumpet. Sbakejp, King Lear.
He blew
His trumpet, heard in Oreb fince perhaps
When God defeended, and perhaps once more
To found at gen’ral doom. Th’ angelick blaft
Filled all the regions. Milton.
The laft loud trumpet'% wond’rous found y
Shall through the rending tombs rebound, v
And wake the nations under ground. Rofeommon. 3
Things of deep fenfe we may in profe unfold.
But they move more in lofty numbers told ;
By the loud trumpet which our courage aids.
We learn that found, as well as fenfe, perfuades. Waller
The trumpet's loud clangor
Excites us to arms,
With fhrill notes of anger.
And mortal alarms. Dryden.
Every man is the maker of his own fortune, and muft be
in fome meafure the trumpet of his fame. Taller„
No more the drum
Provokes to arms, or trumpet's clangor fhrill
Affrights the wives. Philips.
Let the loud trumpet found,
Till the roofs all around, C
The fhrill echoes rebound. Pope, j
2. In military ftile, a trumpeter.
He wifely defired, that a trumpet might be firft fent for a
pafs. Clarendon, b. viii.
Among our forefathers, the enemy, when there was a king
in the field, demanded by a trumpet in what part he refided,
that they might avoid firing upon the royal pavilion. Addifon.
3. One who celebrates ; one who praifes.
Glorious followers, who make themfelves as trumpets of
the commendation of thofe they follow, taint bufinefs for
want of fecrecy, and export honour from a man, and make
him a return in envy. Bacon.
That great politician was pleafed to have the greateft wit
of thofe times in his interefts, and to be the trumpet of his
praifes. . < Dryden.
Trumpet-flower, n.f [bignonia, Lat.] It hath a tubulous
flower confifting of one leaf, which opens at top like two
lips: thefe flowers are fucceeded by pods, which are divided
into two cells, and contain feveral winged feeds. Miller.
To Tru'mpet. v. a. [t>ompetter, Fr. from the noun.J To
publifh by found of trumpet; to proclaim.
That I did love the Moor to live with him,
My downright violence to form my fortunes
May trmipet to the world. Shakefp. Othello.
Why fo tart a favour
To trumpet fuch good tidings ? Sbakefpeare.
They went with found of trumpet; for they did nothing
but publifh and trumpet all the reproaches they could deviie
againft the Irifih. Bacon's (Far with Spain.
Tru'mpeter. n.f [from trumpet.]
1. One who founds a trumpet.
Trumpeters,
With brazen din blaft you the city’s ear.
Make mingle with our rattling tabourines. Sbakefpeare.
As they returned, a herald and trumpeter from the Scots
overtook them. Hayward.
Their
T R U T R U
Their men He fecurely intrench’d in a cloud,
And a trumpeter hornet to battle founds loud. Dryden.
An army of trumpeters would give as great a ftrength as
this confederacy of tongue warriors, who, like thofe military
muficians, content themfclves with animating their friends to
battle. Addifon’s Freeholder, N®. 28.
2. One who proclaims, publifhes, or denounces.
Where there is an opinion to be created of virtue or greatnefs, thefe men are good trumpeters. Bacon's Effays.
How came fo many thoulands to light, and die in the fame
rebellion? why were they deceived into it by thofe fpiritual
trumpeters, who followed them with continual alarms of dam¬
nation if they did not venture life, fortune and all, in that
which thofe impoftors called the caufe of God. South.
3. A fifti. Ainfw.
Tr/umpet-tongued. adj. [ trumpet and tongue. ] Having
tongues vociferous as a trumpet.
This Duncan’s virtues
Will plead, like angels, trumpet-tongud againft
The deep damnation of his taking off. Shakefp Macbeth.
ToTru'ncate. v. a. [franco, Lat.j To maim ; to lop; to
cut fhort.
Truncation, n.f. [from truncate.] The acl of lopping or
maiming.
Tru'ncheon. rfrf-[fronton, French.]
1. A fhort ilaff; a club ; a cudgel.
With his tiunebeon he fo rudely flroke
Cymocles twice, thattwice him forc’d his foot revoke. F.
Set limb to limb, and thou art far the Idler ;
Thy hand is but a finger to my fill;
Thy leg is a Hick compared with this truncheon. Shakefp.
The Englifh flew divers of them with plummets of lead
tied to a truncheon or HafF by a cord. Hayward.
One with a broken truncheon deals his blows. Dryden.
2. A ftaff of command.
The hand of Mars
Beckon’d with fiery truncheon my retire. Shakejpeare.
No ceremony that to great ones ’longs.
The marfhal’s truncheon, nor the judge’s robe,
Become them with one half fo good a grace,
As mercy does. Shakefp. Meajure for Meafure.
To Tru'ncheon. v. a. [from the noun.] To beat with a
truncheon.
Captain, thou abominable cheater! If captains were of
my mind, they would truncheon you out of taking their names
upon you before you earn’d them. Shakefpeare.
Truncheonee'r. n.f [from truncheon.] One armed with a
truncheon.
I mill the meteor once, and hit that woman, who cried
out, chibs ! when I might fee from far fome forty truncheoneers
draw to her fuccour. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
ToTru'ndle. v.n. [trondeler, Picard French; rjienol, a
bowl, Saxon.-] To roll; to bowl along.
In the'four firft it is heaved up by feveral fpondees inter¬
mixed with proper breathing places, and at laft trundles down
in a continued line of dadtyls. Addifon's SpeEl. N°. 253.
Trundle, n.f rqnent>l, Saxon.] Any round rolling thing.
Tru'ndle-tail* n.f. Round tail.
Avaunt you curs !
Hound or fpaniel, brache or hym.
Or bobtail tike, or trunclle-tail. Shakefp. King Lear.
Trunk, n.f. [truncus, Lat. tronc, Ir.]
1. The body of a tree.
He was
The ivy, which had hid my princely trunk.
And fuckt my verdure out on’t. Shakefpeare.
About the mofly trunk I wound me foon ;
For high from ground the branches would require
Thy utmoft reach. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ix.
Creeping ’twixt ’em all, the mantling vine
Does round their tiunks her purple cluflers twine. Dryden.
Some of the largeft trees have feeds no bigger than fome
diminutive plants, and yet every feed is a perfcdl plant with
a trunk, branches, and leaves, inclofed in a fhell. Bentley.
2. The body without the limbs of an animal.
The charm and venom which they drunk,
Their blood with fecret filth infedled hath.
Being diftufed through the fenfelefs trunk. Fairy $ht. b. ii.
Thou bring’ll me kappinefs and peace, fon John;
But health, alack, with youthful wings is flown
From this bare, wither’d trunk. Shakefp. Henry IV.
3. The main body of any thing.
The large trunks of the veins difeharge the refluent blood
into the next, adjacent trunk, and lb on to the heart. Ray.
4. [Tronc. French.] A cheft for cloaths; a fmall cheft com¬
monly lined with paper. ... • '
Neither prefs, coffer, cheft, trunk, well, vault, but he
hath an abftrabl for the remembrance of fuch places. Shak.
Some odd fantaftick lord would fain
Carry in trunks, and alj my drudgery do. Dryden.
Where a young man learned to dance, there happened to
Hand an old trunk in the room, the idea of which had fo
mixed itfelf with the turns of all his dances, that, thQugh
he could dance excellently well, yet it was only whilft that
trunk was there; nor could he perform well in any other
place, unlefs that, or fome fuch other trunk, had its due po¬
rtion in the room. Luke.
Your poem funk,
And fent in quires to line a trunk :
If ftill you be difpos’d to rhyme,
Go try your hand a fecond time. Swift.
5. [Trompe, Fr.] The probofeis of an elephant, or other animal.
Leviathian that at his gills
Draws in, and at his trunk fpouts out a fea. Milton.
When elephant ’gainft elephant did rear
His trunk, and caftles juftled in the air,
My fword thy way to victory had fhown. Dryden»
6. A long tube through which pellets of clay are blown.
In rolls of parchment trunks, the mouth being laid to the
one end and the ear to the other, the found is heard much
farther than in the open air. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
In a (hooting trunk, the longer it is to a certain limit,
the fwifter and more forcibly the air drives the pellet. Ray.
To Trunk. v. a. [trunco, Lat.] To truncate; to main; to
lop. Obfolete.
Large ftreams of blood out of the trunked ftock
forth gufhed, like water ftreams from riven rock. Fairy
Tr u'nked. adj. [from trunk"] Having a trunk.
She is thick fet with ftrong and well trunked trees. HovjA.
Trunk-hose. n.f. [trunk and. hofe.] Large breeches formerly
worn.
The fhort trunk-hofe {hall {how thy foot and knee
Licentious, and to common eye-fight free ;
And with a bolder llride, and loofer air,
Mingl’d with men, a man thou muft appear. Prior.
Tru'nnions. n f. [trognons, Fr.] The knobs or bunchings of
a gun, that bear it on the cheeks of a carriage. Bailey.
Tru'sion. n.f. [trudo, Lat.] The a£l of thrufting or pulhing.
By attraction we do not underftand drawing, pumping,
fucking, which is really pulfion and trufon. ° Bentley.
Truss, n.f [trouffe, Fr.]
1. A bandage by which ruptures are reftrained from lapfing.
A hernia would fucceed, and the patient be put to the
trouble of wearing a trufs. Wijeman's Surgery.
2. Bundle ; any thing thruft clofe together.
All as a poor pedler he did wend,
Bearing a trufs of trifles at his back.
As belles and babies, and glaffes in his packe. Spenfer.
The rebels firft won the plain at the hill’s foot by aflault,
and then the even ground on the top, by carrying up great
truffes of hay before them, to dead their {hot. Carew.
An afs was wishing for a mouthful of frefti grafs to knap
upon, in exchange for a heartlefs trufs of ftraw. L'Ejhange.
The fair one devoured a trufs of fallet, and drunk a full
bottle to her {hare. Addiforfs Spett. N\ 410.
3. Troufe; breeches. Obfolete.
To Truss.a. [tronffer, French.] To pack up clofe together.
What in moft Englifh writers ufeth to be loofe and un¬
right, in this author, is well grounded, finely framed, and
ftrongly trufed up together. Spenfer.
Some of them fend the feriptures before, trufs up ba°- and
baggage, make themfelves in a readinefs, that they may fly
from city to city. _ Hooker, b. ii.
You might have trujfed him and all his apparel into an
eelfkin. Shakefpeare's Henry IV. p. ii.
Trust, n.f. [traufl, Runick.]
1. Confidence; reliance on another.
What a fool is honefty ! and trufl, his fworn brother, a
very fimple gentleman. Shakefpeare.
My misfortunes may be of ufe to credulous maids, never
to put too much trujl in deceitful men. Swift.
2. Charge received in confidence.
In my wretched cafe ’twill be more juft
Not to have promis’d, than deceive your trufl. Dryden.
His trufl.was with th’ eternal to be deemed
Equal in ftrength. Milton.
3. Confident opinion of any event.
4. Credit given without examination.
Moft take things upon trufl, and mifemploy their affe it by
lazily enflaving their minds to the di&ates of others. Locke.
5. Credit without payment. ^
Ev’n fuch is time, who takes on trufl
Our youth, our joys, our all we have,
And pays us but with age and duft. Raleigh.
6. Something committed to one’s faith.
They cannot fee all with their own eyes; they muft com¬
mit many great trufls to their minifters. Bacon,
Thou the fooner
Temptation found’ft, or over potent charms
To violate the facred trujl of filence *
Depofited within thee. Milton's Agonijles.
7' Depofit; lomething committed to charge, of which an ac¬
count muft be given.
Although the advantages one man polleffeth more than
another, may be called his property with refpedl to other
men, yet with refpedl to God they are only a trujl. Swift.
5 8. Fidelity *
I
Denham.
Benj. Jonfon.
Shakefp.
1,
T R U
Fidelity; fuppofed honefty. . . n
Behold, I commit my daughter unto thee of ipccia nj ,
wherefore do not entreat her evil. ’ x' 12,
e. State of him to whom fomething is entrufted.
I fervehim truly, that will put me in trujl. Shah. King Lear.
Being tranfplanted out of his cold barren diocefc he was
left in that great trujl with the king. _ _ laren on'
Expefl no more from fervants than is juft,
Reward them well if they oblerve their trujl.
To Trust, v.a. [from the noun.] _
%. To place confidence in 5 to confide in.
I’d be torn in pieces ere I d trujl a woman
With wind.
2. To believe ; to credit.
Give me your hand : trujl me you look well
„ To admit in confidence to the power over any thing
When you lie down, with a fhort prayer commit yourlelt
into the hands of your faithful Creator; and when you have
done, trujl him with yourfelf as you muff do when you are
, . J Taylor.
dyins- ...
. 1 o commit with confidence. t ,
Give me good fame, ye pow’rs, and maiee mejuit.
This much the rogue to publick ears will trujl:
In private then :-When wilt thou, mighty Jove, ^
My wealthy uncle from this world remove ? Drydcn.
Whom with your pow’r and fortune, Sir, you truth
Now to luipect is vain. Drydcn.
r. To venture confidently.
Fool’d by thee to trujl thee from my fide. Milton.
. To fell upon credit.
To Trust, v. n.
To be confident of fomething future.
I trujl to come unto you, and fpeak face to face. 2 John.
From this grave, this duff, .
My God (hall raife me up I trujl. . Raleigh.
2. To have confidence ; to rely; to depend without doubt.
The ifles (hall wait upon me, and on mine arm fhall they
trujl. Va' lu 5*
The Lord is a buckler to all that trujl in him. 2 Sam. xxu.
Sin never fhall hurt them more who rightly trujl
In this his fatisfaaion. Milton.
3. To be credulous; to be won to confidence.
Well you may fear too tar
__Safer than trujl too far. $ha., Sfpearc.
a. To expert. , a
The fimplicity of the goat fhews us what an honeft man
is to trujl to that keeps a knave company. L EJtrange.
Trustee', n. f. [from trujl.]
1. One entrufted with any thing.
Having made choice of fuch a confefTor that you may trujt
your foul with, fincerely open your heart to him, and look
upon him only as he is a trujlce from God, commiffioned by
him as his miniflerial deputy, to hear, judge, and abfolve
Taylor’s Guide to a Penitent.
2. One to whom fomething is committed for the ufe and be¬
hoof of another.
You are not the trujleel of the publick liberty : and if you
have not right to petition in'a crowd, much lefs to intermed¬
dle in the management of affairs. Dryden.
Tru'steR. n. f. [from trujl.] One who trufts.
Nor,(fhall you do mine ear that violence,
To make it t> ujler of your own report , ,
Aeainft yourfelf. ' „ Sbateffeare, Hamlet.
Tru'stiness. n.f. [from trujly.] Honefty ; fidelity ; faithfujnefs.
If the good qualities which lie difperfed among other crea¬
tures, innocence in a fheep, tiujlinefs in a dog, are fingly fo
commendable, how excellent is the mind, which ennobles
them into virtues. „ r . ,Jrew 1 k "[
Tru'stless. n.f. [from trujl.] Unfaithful unconftant, not
to be trufted. A word elegant, but out of ule.
I beheld .this fickle trujllefs ftate,
Of vain world’s glory, flirting to and fro.
Tru sty, adj. [from tiujl.] . -
1. Honeft ; faithful j true ; fit to be trufted.
This dafturd, at the battle of Poidiers,
Before we met, or that a ftroke was given.
Like to a trujly ’fquire, did run away.
This trujly fervant
Shall pafs between us. Shakefp. King Lear.
He removeth away the fpeech of the trujly, and taketh
away the underftanding of the aged. J° X11, 2
Guyomar his trujly flave has lent. Dryd. Indian Emperor.
Thele prodigious treasures which flow’d in to him, he bu¬
ried under-ground by the hands of his moft trujly Haves. Add.
2. Strong ; flout; fuch as will not fail.
When he law no power might prevail,
His trujly fword he called to his aid. Fairy
The neighing ftceds are to the chariot ty’d,
The trujly weapon hts on ev’ry fide. Drydcn’s Ain.
TRUTH, n.f. [tpeoj/Sa, Saxon.]
i The contrary to falfchood ; conformity of notions to things.
Truth is the joining or feparating offigns, as the things
T R U
That men are pubefeent atthe year of twjcc feven is ac¬
counted a punctual truth. ^ Brown.
Perfuafive words, impregn d
With reafon to her feeming and with truth. Milton.
This clue leads them through the mizmaze of opinions
Locke.
Milton.
Anonymous.
Shakefp.
Song.
Shakefpeare.
and authors to truth and certainty.
2. Conformity of words to thoughts.
Shall truth fail to keep her word ?
And lend a lie the confidence of truth.
3. Purity from falfehood.
So young and fo untender ?
--So young, my lord, and true.
_.Let it be fo, thy truth then be thy dower
4. Fidelity ; conftancy.
The thoughts of paft pleafure and truth,
The beft of all bleffmgs below.
c. Honefty; virtue, . .
The money I tender for him in the court;
If this will not fuffice, it muft appear
That malice bears down truth.
6 It is ufed fometimes by way of conceflion.
She Laid, truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs
which fall. Matth. xv. 27.
7. Exaftnefs ; conformity to rule. .
Ploughs to go true depend much upon the truth of the non
^ D Mortimer s Hujbandry.
RIn truth, what fhould any prayer, framed to the mmifters
hand, require, but only fo to be read as behoveth. Hooker
o. Of a Truth, or in Truth. In reality.
JQf a truth, Lord, the kings of Aflyria have deftroyed the
nations. 2 Kings xix. 17.
Trutina'tion. n.f [trutina, Lat.] The a£t of weighing ;
examination by the feale. , r . r. .
Men may miftake if they diftinguifh not the fenfe of levity
unto themfelves, and in regard of the feale or decifion ot tru-
" ’ ' 77 -. b. iv.
Shah.
7
Spenfer.
Shakefpeare.
fiunified agree or ddagrec.
tination. _ Brown’s Vulgar Errour.
To Try. v.a. [trier, French.]
1. To examine; to make experiment of.
Some among you have beheld me fighting.
Come try upon yourfelves what you have feen me.
He cannot be a perfect man,
Not being t< led and tutor’d in the world. Shakefpeare.
Doth not the ear try words, and the mouth tafte meat. Job.
2. To experience ;to aflay ; to have knowledge or experience or.
Thou know’ft only good ; but evil haft not try d. Milt.
Some to far Oaxis fhall be fold.
Or try the Libyan heat, or Scythian cold. ^ Drydcn.
With me the rocks of Scylla you have try d,
Th’ inhuman Cyclops, and his den defy’d ;
What greater ills hereafter can you bear ? Dryden.
3. To examine as a judge.
4. To bring before a judicial tribunal.
5. To bring to a decifion, with out emphatical.
Nicanor hearing of their couragioufnefs to fight for their
country, durft not try the matter by the fword. 2 Mac. xiv.
I’ll try it out, and give no quarter. Dryden s Don Sebajhan.
6. To aft on as a teft. *
The fire fev’n times tried this ; 7
Sev’n times tried that judgment is, r
Which did never chufe amifs. Shakefpeare. j
7. To bring as to a teft.
The trying of your faith worketh patience.
They open to themfelves at length the way
Up hither under long obedience try'd. •
8. To eftay ; to attempt.
Let us try advent’rous work.
q. To purify; to refine.
After life
Ty’d in fharp tribulation and refin’d
By faith and faithful works.
To Try. v. n. To endeavour; to attempt.
TUB. n.f [tobbe, tubbe, Dutch.]
1. A large open veftel of wood.
In the Eaft Indies, if you fet a tub of water _
room where cloves are kept, it will be drawn dry in twenty -
four hours. Bacon’* Nat. Hifl. N". 7»-
They fetch their precepts from the Cynick tub. Milton.
Skilful coopers hoop their tubs
With Lvdian and with Phrygian dubs. jj-f1 as*
2. A ftate of falivation. I know not well why fo called.
Seafon the Haves
For tubs and baths, bring down the rofe cheek d youtn
To th’ tub-fail, and the diet. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
Tube. n.f. [tube, Fr. tubus, Lat.] A pipe; a hphon; along
. b°d) There bellowing engines with their fiery tubes
Difpers’d sethereal forms and down they fell.
Afoot like which aftrnomer
T1 hough his glaz’d optick tube yet never faW.
'Phis bears up part of it out at the iurface of “ t
the reft throush the tula and veflels of the t.gctabte thereJVoddwara s Hat. tiijt. p. m.
on* Tu'bercte.
am. 1. 3.
Milton.
Milton.
Milton!
open in a
Refco>
Milton.
Locke. un.
Tu'bercle. 7i. f. [tubercule, Fr. from tuberculumy Latin.] A
fmall fwelling or excrefcence on the body ; a pimple.
A confumption of the lungs, without an ulceration, arrives
through a fchirrofity, or a crude tubercle. Harvey on Confump.
Tube'rose. n. f A flower.
The ftalks of tuberofe run up four foot high more or lefs, the
common way of planting them is in pots in March, in good
earth. _ _ Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Eternal fpring, with fmiling verdure here.
Warms the mild air, and crowns the youthful year,
The tuberofe ever breathes and violets blow. Garth's Difpenf
T. u berous. aelj. [tubereux, Fr. from tuber, Latin.] Having pro¬
minent knots or excrei'cences. &
Parts of tuberous haematite {hew feveral varieties in the
crufts, ftriature, and conftitution of the body. Woodward.
Tu bul ar. adj. [trom tubus, Lat.] Refembling a pipe or trunk;
confifting of a pipe ; long and hollow ; fiftular.
fie hath a tubular or pipe-like fnout refembling that of the
hippocampus, or horfe-fifh. Grew's Mujeum.
Tu bule. n. f [tubulus, Latin.] A fmall pipe, or fiftular
body.
As the ludus Helmontii, and the other nodules have in
them fea-lhells that were incorporated with them during the
time of their formation at the deluge, fo thefe ftones had'then
incorporated with them teftaceous tubu’es, related to the fiphunculi or rather the vermiculi marini. JVoodw. on FoJJils.
Tabulated. \adj. [from tubulus, Lat.] Fiftular; longituTu'bulous. ) dinally hollow.
The teeth are tubulated for the conveyance of the poifon
into the wound they make; but their hollownefs doth not
reach to the top ofthe tooth. Derham's Phyfico-Theol.
Tuck. n. f [tweca Welfh, a knife; eftoc, French; ftocco.
Italian.] J
1. A long narrow fword.
If he by chance efcape your venom’d tuck.
Our purpofe may hold there. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Thefe being prim’d, with force he labour’d
To free's fword from retentive fcabbard ;
And after many a painful pluck.
From rufty durance he bail’d tuck. Hudibras, p. i.
2. A kind of net. ,
The tuck is narrower meafhed, and therefore fcarce lawful
with a long bunt in the midft. Carew.
To Tuck. v. n. [from trucken, German.] To prefs. Skinner.
1. To crufh together ; to hinder from fpreading.
She tucked up her veftments, like a Spartan virgin, and
marched diredtly forwards to the utmoft fummit of the pro¬
montory. Addifon.
The fex, at the fame time they are letting down their
ftays, are tucking up their petticoats, which grow fhorter and
fhorter every day. Addifon's Guardian.
The following age of females firft tucked up their garments
to the elbows, and expofed their arms to the air. Addifon.
Dick adept! tuck back thy hair.
And I will pour into thy ear. Pt ior.
2. To inclofe, by tucking cloaths round.
Make his bed after different fafliions, that he may not feel
every little change, who is not to have his maid always ,to lay
all things in print and tuck him in warm. Locke on Education.
To Tuck. v. n. To contrail. A bad word.
An ulcer difeharging a naffy thin ichor, the edges tuck in,
and growing fkinned and hard, give it the name of a callous
ulcer. Sharp's Surgery.
Tu'cker. n. f A fmall piece of linen that (hades the breaftof
women.
A female ornament by fome called a tucker, and by others
the neck-piece, being a flip of fine linen or muffin, ufed to
run in a fmall kind of ruffle round the uppermoft: verge of the
ftays. Addifon s Guardian.
Tu'cketsonance. n.f A word apparently derived from the
French, but which I do not certainly underftand ; tucquet is a
hat, and toquer is to ftrike.
Let the trumpets found.
The tuckfetfonance and the note to mount. Shakef Hen. V.
Tu'el. n. f. {tuyeaii) French.] The anus. Skinner.
Tuesday, n.f. [tueybag, Saxon ; tuv, Saxon, is Mars.] The
third day of the week.
TuTtaffety. n. f [from tufted and taffetyf A villous kind
of filk.
His cloaths were ftrange, tho’ coarfe, and black, tho’
bare :
Sleevelefs his jerkin was, and it had been
Velvet: but it was now, fo much ground was feen,
Become tufftaffaty. Donne.
TUFT. n.f. [tujfe, French.]
I. A number of threads or ribbands, flowery leaves,or any fmall
bodies joined together.
Upon fweet brier, a fine tuft or brufli of mofs of divers
- colours, you {hall ever find full of white worms. Bacon.
It is notorious for its goatifh fmell, and tufts not unlike
the beard of that animal. More's Antidote againjl Atheijm.
A tuft ot dailies on a flow’ry lay. Dryden.
Near a living ftream their manfion place
Edg’d round with mofs and tufts of matted grafs! Dryden.
The male among birds often appears in a creft comb a
tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume, ere&ed like a
pinacle on the top of the head. Addifon's Spectator, NQ 265.
2. A clufter ; a plump.
Going a little afide into the wood, where many times be¬
fore fhe delighted to walk, her eyes were faluted with a tuft
of trees fo clofe fet together, as with the {hade the moon gave
through it, it might breed a fearful kind of devotion to look
upon it. _ Sidney.
My houfeis at the tuft of olives hard by. Shakefpcare.
With high woods the hills were crown’d;
With tufts the valleys, and each fountain fide,
With borders long the rivers. Milton's Par. Loft.
In bow’r and field he fought, where any tuft
Of grove, or garden-plot more pleafant,
Their tendance, or plantation for delight. Milton's P. L.
Under a tuft of {hade, that on a green
Stood whifp’ring foft, by a frefh fountain fide
They fat theiriMdown. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. iv.
To Tuft. v. a. To adorn with a tuft; a doubtful word, not
authorifed by any competent writer.
Sit beneath the {hade
Of folemn oaks, that tuft the fwelling mounts,
Thrown graceful round. Thomfon.
Tu fted. adj. [from tuft.] Growing in tufts or duffers.
There does a fable cloud
Turn forth her filver lining on the night.
And caff a gleam over this tufted grove. Milton.
Towers and battlements it fees,
Bofom’d high in tufted trees,
Where perhaps fome beauty lies
The cynofure of neighbouring eyes. Milton.
’Midft the defert fruitful fields arife.
That crown’d with tufted trees and fpringing corn,
Like verdant ifles the fable wafte adorn. Pobe.
TVfty. adj. [from tuft.] Adorned with tufts. A word of no
authority.
Let me ftrip thee of thy tufty coat.
Spread thy ambroftal {lores. Thomfon's Summer.
r° rue. v. a. [tigan, reogan, Saxon.]
1. I o pull with ftrength long continued in the utmoft exertion ;
to draw.
No more tug one another thus, nor moil yourfelves;
receive
Prife equal; conquefts crown ye both : the lifts to others
^eave* _ Chapman's Iliads.
Thefe two mafty pillars
With horrible confufion to and fro
He tugg'd, he {hook, till down they came, and drew
Upon the heads of all that fat beneath.
The whole roof after them, with burlt of thunder. Milton.
Take pains the genuine meaning to explore,
There fweat, there ftrain, tug the laborious oar. Rofc.
2. To pull; to pluck.
Prieft, beware thy beard ;
I mean to tug it, and to cuff you foundly. Shak. Hen. VI,
There leaving him to his repofe
Secured from the purfuit of foes.
And wanting nothing but a fong.
And a well tun’d theorbo hung
Upon a bough, to eafe the pain
His tugg’d ears fufFer’d, with a drain. Hudibras, t> i
To Tug. v. n. F' *
1. To pull; to draw.
The meaner fort will tug luftily at one oar. Sandys.
Lead your thoughts to the galleys, there thofe wretched
captives are chained to the oars they tug at. Bovle.
There is fuch tugging and pulling this way and that wav.
More's Antidote againjl Atheijm.
Thus galley-flaves tug willing at their oar,
Content to work in profpedl of the Ihore; C
But would not work at all, if not conftrained before. Dryd. )
We have been tugging a great while againft the ftream, and
have almoft weathered our point; a ftretch or two more will
do the work; but if inftead of that we flacken our arms, and
drop our oars, we {hall be hurried back to the place from
whence we fet out. Addifon on the State of War.
2. To labour; to contend ; to druggie.
Caft your good counfels
Upon his paflion ; let myfelf and fortune
T^for‘he time fo come. Sbaiefp.mnter’sTah.
riis {ace is black and full of blood.
His hands abroad difplay’d, as one that o-rafpt
And tugg'd for life. Shakefp.Hen VI t> ii.
They long wreftled and ftrenuouflytugg’ffor th'eir j'jberty
With a no Ids magnanimous than conftant pertinacy. How.
Go now with fome daring druo-,
Bait thy difeafe, and while they tug^
1 hou to maintain the cruel ftrife
Spend the dear treafure of thy life.
27 B
Crajhaw.
Tug.
TUM
Tug. n.f [from the verb.] Pull performed with the utmoft
effort.
Downward by the feet he drew
The trembling daftard : at the tug he falls,
Vaft ruins come along, rent from the fmoking walls. Dryd.
Tu'gger. n.f. [from tug.'] One that tugs or pulls hard.
Tui'tion. n.f. [tuitio from iueor, Lat.] Guardianfhip ; iuperintenclent care ; care of a guardian or tutor.
A folly fora man of wifdom, to put himfelf under the
tiiitiim of a beaft. „ L t . SuUif, i. u.
They forcibly endeavour to caft the churches, under my
care and tution, into the moulds they have fafhioned to their
, <- s King Charles.
If government depends upon religion, this (hews the peftilential defign of thofe that attempt to disjoin the civil and ecdefiaftical interefts, fetting the latter wholly out of the tuition
of the former. _ South's Sermons.
When fo much true life is put into them, freely talk with
them about what moft delights them, that they may perceive
that thofe under whofe tuition they are, are not enemies to
their fatisfa£Hon. Locke.
TU'LIP. n.f [tulip*, Fr. tulipa, Lat.] A flower.
It hath a lilly flower, compofed of fix leaves, fhaped fomewhat like a pitcher; the pointal rifing in the middle of the
flower is furrounded with ftamina, and afterwards becomes
oblong fruit, which opens into three parts, and is divided
into three cells, full of plain feeds, refling upon one another
in a double row. To thefe maybe added a coated root, with
fibres on the lower part. The properties of a good tulip, ac¬
cording to the chara&erifticks of the befl florifts of the prefent age, are, i. It fhould have a tall Item. 2. The flower
fhould conlift of fix leaves, three within, and three without,
the former being larger than the latter. 3. Their bottom
fhould be proportioned to their top ; their upper part fhould
be rounded off, and not terminate in a point. 4. The leaves
when opened fhould neither turn inward nor bend outward,
but rather {land eredt; the flower fhould be of a middling
i'ize, neither over large nor too fmall. 5. The ftripes fhould
be fmall and regular, arifing quite from the bottom of the
flower. The chives fhould not be yellow', but of a brown
colour. They are generally divided into three dalles, viz.
prsecoces, or early flowers ; media’s, or middling flowers ; and
ferotines, or late flowers. The early blowing tulips are not
near fo fair, nor rife half fo high as the late ones, but are
chiefly valued for appearing fo early in the fpring. Their
roots'fhould be taken up and fpread upon mats in a fhady
place to dry ; after which they fhould be cleared from their
filth, and put up in a dry place until the feafon for planting.
Miller.
The tulip opens with the rifing, and fhuts with the fetting
run> Hakewitl.
Why tulips of one colour produce fome of another, and
running thro’ all, ftill efcape a blue. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Tu'lip tree. A tree.
To TUMBLE. v.n. [tornber, Fr. tommelcn, Dutch; tombolare, Italian.]
1. To fall; to come fuddenly to the ground.
Though the treafure
Of nature’s gcrnrins tumble all together,
Anfwer me. Shakefpeare.
2. To fall in great quantities tumultuoufly.
When riches come by the courfe of inheritance and teftaments, they come tumbling upon a man. Bacon.
'Fo ftand or walk, to rife or tumble,
As matter and as motion jumble. Prior.
Sifyphus lifts his hone up the hill; which carried to the
top, it" immediately tumbles to the bottom. Addifons Spectator.
3. To roll about.
I faw at the bottom of one tree a gentleman bound with
many garters hand and foot, fo as well he might tumble and
tops> 0 Sidney, b. ii.
Glo’fter Humbled, and in falling ftruck me
Into the tumbling billows of the main. Shakefp. Rich. III.
4. To play tricks by various librations of the body.
Reform our lenfe, and teach the men t’obey ;
They’ll leave their tumbling, if you lead the way. Rowe.
ToTu'mble, v. a.
1. To turn over; to throw about by way of examination. _
When it came to the ears of Maximilian, and tumbling it
over and over in his thoughts, that he fhould at one blow be
defeated of the marriage of his daughter and his own, he loft
all patience. Bacon's Henry VII.
A man by tumbling his thoughts, and forming them into expreffions, gives them a new fermentation, which works them
into a finer body. Collier on Pride.
They tumbled all their little quivers o’er,
To chufe propitious fhafts. Prior.
2. To throw by chance or violence.
The mind often fets itfelf on work in fearch of fome hid¬
den ideas ; though lometimes they are rouzed and tumbled out
of their dark cells into open day-light by fome turbulent
paflions. Locke s IVorks.
T U M
3. To throw down.
Wilt thou ftill be hammering treachery,
To tumble down thy hufband and thyfelf.
From top of honour to difgrace’s feet? Shakefpeare.
King Lycurgus, while he fought in vain,
His friend to free, was tumbled on the plain. Dryden.
If a greater force than his holds him faft, or tumbles him
down, he is no longer free. Locke.
Tu'mble. n.f. [from the verb.] A fall.
A country-fellow got an unlucky tumble from a tree : why,
fays a pafienger, I could have taught you a way to climb, and
never hurt yourfelf with a fall. UEfrange.
Tu'mbler. n. f. [from tumble.'] One who fhews poftures by
various contortions of body, or feats of aftivity.}
What ftrange agility and aftivenefs do common tumblers
and dancers on the rope attain to by continual exercife ?
IVilkins's Math. Magic/:.
Nic. bounced up with a fpring equal to that of thenimbleft
tumblers or rope-dancers. Arbuthnot.
Never by tumbler thro’ the hoops was fhown,
Such fkill in palling all, and touching none. Po[e.
Tu'mbrel. n.f. [timbereau, Freuch.] A dungcart.
Twifallow once ended, get tumbrel and man,
And compafs that fallow as foon as ye can. 1 ujf. Hujh.
My corps is in a tumbril laid, among
The filth and ordure, and inclos’d with dung;
That cart arreft, and raife a common cry.
For facred hunger of my gold I die. _ Dryden.
What fhall I do with this beaftly tumbril ? go lie down and
fleep, you fot. Congreve.
To 'convince the prefent little race how unequal all their
meafures were to an antediluvian, in reipedf of the infects which
now appear for men, he fometimes rode in an open tumbril.,
7atier.
Tumffa'ction. n.f. [tumefadio, Latin.] Swelling.
The common figns and effedts of weak fibres, are palenefs,
a weak pulfe, tumefactions in the whole body. Ar butunot.
To Tumefy, v. a. [tumefacio, Lat.] Tofwell; to make to
fwell. _
I applied three fmall caufticks triangular about the turnfed
joint. JVifeman's Surgery.
A flefhy excrefcence, exceeding hard and tumefied, luppofed to demand extirpation. Sharp s Surgery.
Tu'mid. adj. [tumidus, Lat.]
1. Swelling; puffed up.
2. Protuberant; raifed above the level.
So high as heav’d the tumid hills, fo low
Down funk a hollow bottom broad and deep.
Capacious bed of waters. [Mitten.
3. Pompous ; boaftful; puffy; falfely fublime.
Though fuch exprelfions may leem tumid and afpiring ; yet
cannot I fcruple to ule feeming hyperboles in mentioning felici¬
ties, which make the higheft hyperboles but feemingones. Boyle.
TU'MOUR. n.f. [tumor, Latin.]
1. A morbid fwelling. .
Tumour is a difeafe, in which the parts recede from their
natural ftate by an undue encreafe ol their bignefs. Iklfeman.
Having differed this fwelling vice, and feen what it is that
feeds the tumour, if the dileale be founded in pride, the abating
that is the moft natural remedy. Govern, of the Tongue.
2. Affedted pomp ; falfe magnificence; pufty grandeur; fwell¬
ing mien; unfubftantial greatnefs.
Hisftile was rich of phrafe, but leldom in bold metaphors ;
and lo far from the tumour, that it rather wants a little eleva¬
tion. JVotton.
ft is not the power of tumour and bold looks upon the palfions of the multitude. B Eflrange.
Tu'morous. adj. [from tumour.)
1. Swelling; protuberant.
Who ever faw any cyprefs or pine, fmall below and above,
and tumorous in the middle, unlefs fome difeafed p’ant. Wo.ton.
2. Faftuous ; vainly pompous ; falfely magnificent.
According to their fubjedf, thefe ftiles vary ; for that which
is high and lofty, declaring excellent matter, becomes vaft
and tumorous, fpeaking of petty and inferior things. B. JohnJ.
His limbs were rather fturdy than dainty, lublime and almoft tumorous in his looks and gefttires. TFotitn.
To Tump, among gardeners, to fence trees about with earth.
To Tu'mulate. v.n. [tumulo, Latin.] Io fwell.
feems to be the feftfe here, but I fufpea the word to be wrong.
Urinous fpirits, or volatile alkalies, are fuch enemies to
acid, that as foon as they are put together, they tumu.aie and
grow hot, and continue to fight till they have narme ot
mortified each other. . prr!
Tu'MULOSE. adj. [tumulofus, Lat.] Full of u s. a ey.
Tumulo'sity. n.f [tumulus, Lat.] Hillinefi. Bailey.
TU/MULT. n.f. [tumu'te, Fr. tumultus, Latm.J
1 A Dromifcuous commotion in a multitude.
A tumult is improved into a rebellion, and a government
overturned by it.
With ireful taunts each other they oppofe,
Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arofe. *
2. A
TUN T U N
2. A multitude put into wild commotion.
3. A ftir; an irregular violence j a wild commotion.
What ftir is this ? what tumults in the heav’ns ?
Whence comcth this alarum and this noifc ? Shakefpeare.
Tumult and confufion all embroil’d. Milton.
This piece of poetry, what can be nobler than the idea it
gives us of the fupreme Being thus railing a tumult among the
elements, and recovering them out of their confufion,"thus
troubling and becalming nature. Addijon s spectator.
Tumit'ltuarily. adv. [from tumultuary.J In a tumultuary
manner.
Tumu'ltuariness. n. f. [from tumultuary.] Turbulence 5
inclination or difpofition to tumults or commotions.
1 he tumultuarinefs of the people, or the fa£tioufnefs of
prefbyters, gave occafion to invent new models. K. Charles.
Tumultuary, adj. [tumultuaire, Fr. from tumult.]
1. Diforderly; promifeuous; confufed.
Perkin had learned, that people under command ufed to
conlult, and after to march in order, and rebels contrarivvife;
and obferving their orderly, and not tumultuary arming,
doubted the worft. Bacon's Henry VII.
My followers were at that time no way proportionable to
hazard a tumultuary conflict. K. Charles.
Is it likely, that the divided atoms fhould keep the fame
ranks in luch a variety of tumultuary agitations in that liquid
medium. _ Glanv. Seep.
2. Reftlefs ; put into irregular commotion.
Men who live without religion, live always in a tumult ary
and reftlefs ftate. Atterburys Sermons.
To 1 umuTtuate. v. n. [tumu tuor, Lat.] To make a tumult.
Tumultua tion. n. f. [from tumultuate.~\ Irregular and con¬
fufed agitation.
That in the found the contiguous air receives many ftrokes
from the particles of the liquor, leems probable by the fudden
anu eager tumultuation of its parts. Boyle’s Works.
Tumultuous, adj. [from tumult; tumultueux, Fr.J
1.Put into violent commotion; irregularly and confufedly
agitated.
The ftrong rebuff of fome tumultuous cloud
Kurry’d him aloft. Milton.
Flis dire attempt; which nigh the birth
Now rowling, boils in his tumultuous breaft,
And like a devilifh engine back recoils
Upon himfelf. Milton’s Farad. LcJK
The vital blood, that had forfook my heart,
Returns again in fuch tumultuous tides,
It quite o’ercomes me. Addijon’s Cato.
2. Violently carried on by diforderly multitudes.
Many civil broils, and tumultuous rebellions, they fairly
overcame, by reafon of the continual prefence of their Kin<r,
whole only perfon oftentimes contains the unruly people from
a thouland evil occafions. . Spenfer’s State of Ireland.
3. Turbulent; violent.
Nought refts for me in this tumultuous ftrife.
But to make open proclamation. Shakefpeare.
Furioufly running in upon him with tumultuous fpeech, he
violently raught from his head his rich cap of fables. Knclles.
4. Full of tumults.
The winds began to fpeak louder, and as in a tumultuous
kingdom, to think themfelves fitted: inftruments of command¬
ment. Sidney, b. ii.
Tumu'ltuously. adv. [from tumultuous.] By act of the
multitude ; with confufion and violence.
It was done by edi£t, not tumultuoufy; the fword was not
put into the people’s hand. Bacon s Holy War.
TUN. n. f. [tunne, Sax. tonne, Dut. tonne, tonneau, Fr.]
1. A large calk.
As when a fpark
Lights on a heap of powder, laid
Fit for the tun, fome magazine to ftore
Againft a rumour’d war. Milton.
2. A pipe ; the meafure of two hogfheads.
3. Any large quantity proverbially.
I have ever follow’d thee with hate.
Drawn tuns of blood out of thy country’s breaft. Shakefp.
4. A drunkard. In burlefque.
rlere’s a tun of midnight-work to come,
Og from a treafon-tavern rolling home. Dryden.
5. The weight of two thoufand pounds.
6. A cubick fpace in a fhip, fuppofed to contain a tun.
7. Dryden has ufed it for a perimetrical meafure, I believe with¬
out precedent or propriety.
A tun about was every pillar there ;
A polifh’d mirrour Ihone not half fo clear. Dryden.
To Tun. v. a. [from the noun.] To put into cafks; to
barrel. „ *
Ifin the muft, or wort, while it worketh, before it be tunned,
the burrage ftay a time, and be often changed with frefh, it
will make a fovereign drink for melancholy. Bacon.
The fame fermented juice degenerating into vinegar, yields
an acid and corroding fpirit. T he fame juice tunned up, arms
itfelf with tartar. Boyle's Works.
9
TUnable, adj. [from tunc.] Harmonious; mufical.
A cry more tunable
Was never hallo’d to, nor cheer’d with horn. Shakefp.
Hard are the ways of truth, and rough to walk.
Smooth on the tongue difeours’d, pleating to th’ear.
And tunable as fylvan pipe or fong. Milton.
All tunable founds, whereof human voice is one, arc made
by a regular vibration of the fonorous body, and undulation
of the air, proportionable to the acutcnefs or gravity of the
tone. Holder.
Several lines in Virgil are not altogether tunable to a mo¬
dern ear. Garth's Pref. to Ovid.
Tu'nablene3s. n.f [from tunable.’] Harmony; Melodioufnefs.
Tu'nably. adv. [from tunable.] Harmonioufly; mc’olioufly.
TUNE. n.f. [toon, Dut. ton, Swed. tuono, it.il. tone, Fr. to¬
nus, Lat.]
1. Tune is a diverfity of notes put together. Locke.
Came he to fing a raven’s note,
Whofe difmal tune bereft my vital pow’rs. Shakefp.
Tunes and airs have in themfelves fome affinity with the af¬
fections ; as merry tunes, doleful tunes, folemn tunes, tunes
inclining mens minds to pity, warlike tunes; fo that tunes
have a predifpofition to the motion of the fpirits. Bacon.
Keep unfteddy nature to her law.
And the low world in meafur’d motion draw
After the heav’nly tune, which none can hear
Of human mould with grofs unpurged ear. Milton.
That fweet fong you fung one ftarry night.
The tune I ftill retain, but not the words. Dryden.
The difpofition in the fiddle to play tunes. Arb. Gf Pope.
2. Sound ; note.
Such a noife arofe
As the fhrouds make at fea in a ftiff tempeft,
As loud, and to as many tunes. Shakefpeare.
3. Harmony ; order; concert of parts.
A continual parliament I thought would but keep the com¬
monweal in tune, by preferving laws in their due execution
and vigour. ' K. Charles.
4. State of giving the due founds, as the fiddle is in tune, or cut
oftune.
5. Proper ftate for ufe or application; right difpofition ; fit
temper; proper humour.
A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune,
as he will with double the time and pains, when he goes aukwardly, or is dragged unwillingly to it. " Locke.
6. State of any thing with refpedT to order.
DiftrelTed Lear, in his better tune, remembers what we are
come about. Shakefpeare.
ToTune. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To put into fuch a ftate, as that the proper founds may be
produced.
Their golden harps they took.
Harps ever tun’d, that glitter’d by their fide. Mi'ton.
Tune your harps,
Ye angels, to that found ; and thou, my heart,
Make room to entertain thy flowing joy. Dryden.
2. To fing harmonioufly.
Fountains, and ye that warble as ye flow.
Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praife. Milton.
Rouze up, ye Thebans ; tune your Io Paeans;
Your king returns, the Argians are o’ercome. Dryden.
Leave fuch to tune their own dull rhymes, and know
What’s roundly fmooth, and languifhingly flow. Pope.
To Tune. v. n.
1. To form one found to another.
The winds were hufh’d, no leaf fo finall
At all was leen to ftir;
Whilft tuning to the waters fall,
The finall birds fang to her. Drayt. of Cynthia.
All founds on fret or ftop
Temper’d foft tunings, intermix’d with voice. Milton.
2. To utter with the voice inarticulate harmony.
Tu'neful. adj. [tune and full.] Mufical; harmonious.
I faw a pleafant grove,
With chant of tuneful birds refounding love. Alilton.
Earth fmiles with flow’rs renewing;, laughs the fky.
And birds to lays of love their tuneful notes apply. Dryd.
For thy own glory fing our fav'reign’s praife,
God of verfes and of days ?
Let all thy tuneful ions adorn
Their lafting works with William’s name. Prior.
Poets themfelves muft fall, like thofe they fung,
Deaf the prais’d ear, and mute the tuneful tongue. Pope.
Tu'neless. adj. [from tune.] Unharmonious ; unmufical.
When in hand my tunelejs harp I take.
Then do I more augment my foes defpight. Spender.
Swallow, what doft thou
With thy tunelefs ferenade. Cowley.
Tu'nf.r. n.f. [from tune.] One who tune3.
The pox of fuch antick, lifping, affected phantafies, thefe
"*.. c Shakefpeare
TU NICK.’
new' tuners of accents.
T UR T U R'
TU'NICK. n.f [iunique, Fr. tunica, Lat.]
1. 1 art of the Roman drefs.
The tunicks of the Romans, which anfwer to our waiftcoats, were without ornaments, and with very fhort fleeves.
Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. Covering ; integument; tunicle.
Lohocks and fyrups abate and demulce the hoarfenefs of a
cough, by mollifying the ruggednefs of the intern tunick of
the gullet. Harvey on Conf.
1 heir fruit is locked up all winter in their gems, and well
fenced with neat and clofe tunicks. Derham's Phyfico-Theolo.
The dropfy of the tunica vaginalis is owing to a preterna¬
tural difcharge of that water continually feparating on the
internal furface of the tunick. Sharp.
Tu'nicle. n.f. [from tunick.] Cover; integument.
The humours and tunicles are purely tranfparent, to let in
the light and colour unfoiled. Ray.
One tingle grain of wheat, barley, or rye, fhall contain
four or five diftindl plants under one common tunicle's a very
convincing argument of the providence of God. Bentley.
Tu'nnage. n.f. [from tun.]
i. Content of a veflel meafured by the tun.
The confideration of the riches of the ancients leads to
that of their trade, and to enquire into the bulk and tannage
of their fhipping. Arbuthnot.
Tax laid on a tun; as to levy tunnage and poundage.
Tu'nnel. n.f
1. The fhaft of a chimney ; the paflage for the fmoke.
It was a vault ybuilt for great difpence.
With many ranges rear’d along the wall.
And one great chimney, whole long tunnel thence
The fmoalc forth threw. Fairy Sfhieen.
.The water being rarified, and by rarification refolved into
wind, will force up the fmoke, which otherwife might linger
in the tunnel, and oftentimes reverfe. JVotion’s Arch.
2. A funnel ; a pipe by which liquor is poured into vefTels.
Por die help of the hearing, make an inftrumeht like a
tunnel, the narrow part of the"bignefs of the hole of the ear,
and the broader end much larger. Bacon.
3- A net wide at the mouth, and ending in a point, and fo refembling a funnel or tunnel.
To Tu'nnel. v.a. [from the noun.]
1. To form like a tunnel.
The Phalaens tribe inhabit the tunnelled, convolved leaves.
Derham’s Phyfico-Theology.
2. To catch in a net.
3. This word is ufed by Derham for to make net-work ; to re¬
ticulate.
Some birds not only weave the fibrous parts of vegetables,
and curioufly tunnel them into nefts, but artificially fufpend
them on the twigs of trees. Derham.
Tu'nny. n.f [tonnen, Ital. thynnus, Lat.] A fea-fifh.
Some filh are boiled and preferved frefh in vinegar, as tonny
and turbot. Carcw.
. Tup. n.f [I know not of what original.] Aram. This word
is yet ufed in StafFordfhire, and in other provinces.
To rup. v. n. To but like a ram.
Tur'jTt. \ ”'J] [A Turkilh word.] The cover worn by
Tu'rband. J thc 1 urks on the,r headsGates of monarchs
Arch’d are fo high, that giants may jet through.
And keep their impious turbands on, without
Good morrow to the fun. Shakefpeare.
His hat was in the form of a turban, not fo huge as the
Turkifh turbans. Bacon.
From utmoft Indian ifle, Taprobane,
Dufk faces with white filken turbants wreath’d. Milton.
I fee the Turk nodding with his turbant. Hoivcl.
Some for thc pride of Turkifh courts defign’d.
For folded turbants fineft Holland bear. Dryden.
Tu'rbaned. adj. [from turban.] Wearing a turban.
A turban’d Turk
That beat a Venetian, and traduc’d the date,
I took by the throat. Shakefpeare.
Tu'rbar y. n.f. [turbaria, low Lat. from turf] The right of
digging turf. ; Skinner.
i U'RBID. adj. [turbidus, Latin.] Thick; muddy; not clear.
Though lees make the liquid turbid, yet they refine the
fPIritY. Bacon.
The brazen inftruments of death difcharge
Horrible flames, and turbid flreaming clouds
Of fmoke fulphureous, intermix’d with thefe
Large globous irons fly. Philips.
^!\e °rdinary Springs, which were before clear, frefh, and
limpid, become thick and turbid, as long as the earthquake
, s' r IVoodw. Nat. HiJl.
Turbidness, n.f [from turbid.] Muddinefs; thicknefs.
1 u rbinated. adj. [tierbinatus, Latin.]
i. Twilled ; fpiral.
Let mechanifm here produce a fpiral a„d turbmated motion
of the whole moved body without an external director. Btnthj.
2. Among botanifts plants are called turbinated, as fome parts
of them refemble, or are of a conical figure. DibiionaryTurbina'tion. n.f. [from turbinated.] The art of fpinnin^
like a top. 43
Tu'rbith. n.f [turpethus, Latin.] Yellow precipitate.
I lent him twelve grains of turbith mineral, and purged it
off with a bitter draught. I repeated the turbith once in°three
days ; and the ulcers (hell’d foon off. JVifeman's Surgery.
Turbot, n.f [turbot, French and Dutch.] A delicate fifli.
Some fifn are preferved frefh in vinegar, as turbot. Carew.
Of fifties you fhall find in arms the whale, the falmon, the
turbot. pmim.
Nor oyfters of the Lucrine lake
My fober appetite would wifh,
Nor turbot. D deftm
1 u'REULENCE. 7 r r , , -m
Tu'rbulency. [turbulence, Fx. turhulentia, Latin.]
1. Tumult; confufion.
I have dream’d
Of bloody turbulence ; and this whole night
Hath nothing been but forms of daughter. Shakefpeare.
Oft-times noxious where they light
On man, bead, plant, wafleful and turbulent.
Like turbulencies in the affairs of men,
Over whofe heads they roar, and feern to point:
They oft forefignify and threaten ill. Milton.
I come to calm thy turbulence of mind,
If reafon will relume her fov’reign fway. Dryden.
2. Tumultuoufnefs ; liablenefs to confufion.
You think this turbulence of blood.
From ftagnating preferves the flood.
Which thus fermenting by degrees.
Exalts the fpirits, finks the lees. Swift
Tu'rbulent. ad. [turbulentus, Lat.]
1. Raifing agitation ; producing commotion.
From the clear milky juice allaying
Third:, and refrefh’d ; nor envy’d them the grape,
Whofe heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton.
2. Expofed to commotion ; liable to agitation.
Calm region once,
And full of peace ; now toft, and turbulent ! Alihan
3. Tumultuous; violent.
What wondrous fort of death has heav’n defign’d
For fo untam’d, fo turbulent a mind ? ° Dryden,
Nor need we tell what anxious cares attend
The turbulent mirth of wine, nor all the kinds
Of maladies that lead to death’s grim cave.
Wrought by intemperance. " Dryden.
.Men of ambitious and turbulent fpirits, that were diffatisfied*
with privacy, were allowed to engage in matters offtate. Bent/
Turbu'lently. adv, [from turbulent.] Tumultuoufly; vio¬
lently. J
T URcrsM. n.f [turcifmus, low Latin,] The religion of the
1 urks.
Methinks I am at Mecca, and hear a piece of turdfm
preached to me by one of Mahomet’s priefts. Dr. Maine.
conc^emne^ immediately, as preferring Turcifm to
Chnftiamty. Jttlrbwy.
I u rcois. n.f. [turcois, Dutch.] A precious ftone.
Turd. n.f. [tupb, Saxon.] Excrement.
TURF. n.f. [tyjip, Saxon; torf, Dutch; torf, Swedifh.] A
clod coveied with grafs; a part of the furface of the ground.
Where was this lane ?
Clofe by the battle, ditch’d, and wall’d with turf. Shakefp.
Turf and peats are cheap fuels, and laft long. Bacon.
Could that divide you from near ufhering guides ?
They left me weary on a grafly turf. ° Milton.
Then living turfs upon his body lay. Dryden.
Each place fome monument of thee fhould bear ;
I with green turfs would grateful altars raife. ’Dryden.
Their bucklers ring around,
Their trampling turns the turf, and fhakes the folid ground.
rp, , /r 1 . Dryden s Ain.
1 he ambaliador every morning religioufly fainted a turfof
earth dug out of his own native foil, to remind him that all
the day he was to think of his country. Addifon.
His flock daily crops
Their verdant dinner from the molly turf.
Sufficient. Philips.
Yet fhall thy grave with riling flow’rs be dreft.
And the green turflie lightly on thy breaft. Pope.
o Iurf. v. a. [from the noun.] To cover with turfs.
^ ft he face of the bank next thc fea is turfed. Mortimer.
Tu rfiness. n.f [from turf] The ftate of abounding with
turfs.
T. u'rfy. adj. [from turf.] Full of turfs.
Tu'rgent. adj. [turgens, Lat.] Swelling; protuberant; tu¬
mid.
Where humours are turgent, it is necefiary not only to
purge them, but alfo to ftrengthen the infefted parts. Gov. Ton.
The clufters clear.
White o’er the turgent film the living dew. Thomfon.
Turge'scence.
T U R
TuRGE'sCENCE. ? r r, r T
rr,_, >n. . \turgecens, Rat.
1 URGE SCENCY. 5 J L S J J
I.The aft of fwelling ; the ftate of being fwollen.
The inftant turgefcence is not to be taken off, but by me¬
dicines of higher natures. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Tu'rgid. adj. [turgidus, Lat.J
1. Swelling ; bloated ; filling more room than before.
A bladder, moderately fill’d with air, and ftrongly tied,
held near the fire grew turgid and hard; and brought"nearer’
fuddenly broke with a vehement noife. Boyle.
The fpirits embroil’d with the malignity, and drowned in
the blood turgid and tumified by the febril fermentation, are
by phlebotomy relieved. Harvey on Confumptions.
Difburthen thou thy faplefs wood
Of its rich progeny; the turgid fruit
Abounds with mellow liquor. Philips.
Thofe channels turgid with th’ obftrufted tide
Stretch their fmall holes and make their mefhes wide. Bla.
2. Pompous ; tumid ; faftuous ; vainly magnificent.
Some have a violent and turgid manner of talking and
thinking j whatfoever they judge of is with a tinfture of this
vanity. Watts's Logick.
Turgi'dity. n. f [from turgid.] State of being fwollen.
The fore-runners of an apoplexy are dulnefs, flownefs of
fpeech, vertigos, weakncfs, waterynefs, and turgidity of the
eyes. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Tu'rkey. n.f. [gallina turcica, Lat.J A large domeftick fowl
brought from Turkey.
> Here he comes fwelling like a turkey-cock. Shakefp.
The turkey-cock hath fwelling gills, the hen lefs. Bacon.
So fpecds the wily fox,
Who lately filch’d the turkey's callow care. Gay.
Tu'RKois. n.f. [turquoije, French, from turkey.] A blue ftone
numbered among the meaner precious ftones, now difcovered
to be a bone impregnated with cupreous particles.
Thofe bony bodies found among copper-ores are tinged
with green or blue : the turcois ftone, as it is commonly ftiled
by lapidaries, is part of a bone fo tinged. Woodward.
Tu'rkscap. n.f. An herb. Ainf.
Turm. n.f [turmee, Lat.J A troop. Not in ufe.
Legions and cohorts, turms of horfe and wings. Milton.
Turmerick. n. f [;turmerica, Lat.J An Indian root which
makes a yellow die.
Tu'rmoil. n.f. [derived by Skinner from tremouille, French,
a mil-hopper, more probably derived from moil, to labour.J
Trouble; difturbance; harrafling uneafinefs j tumultuous moleftation. Little in ufe.
He feeks, with torment and turmoil,
To force me live and will not let me die. Spenfer.
There I’ll reft, as after much turmoil
A bleffed foul doth in elyfium. Shakejpeare.
Blinded greatnefs ever in turmoil,
Still feeking happy life, makes life a toil. Daniel.
Happy when I, from this turmoil fet free,
That peaceful and divine aflemby fee. Denham.
To Turmoi'l. v. a. [from the noun.J
1. To harrafs with commotion. Out of ufe.
That is not fault of will in thofe godly fathers, but the
troublous occafions wherewith that wretched realm hath con¬
tinually been turmoiled. Spenfer.
It is her fatal misfortune above all othercountries, to be miferablytoffedand turmoiled with thefeftorms of affliftion. Spenf.
Haughty Juno, who with endlefs broil.
Did earth, and heav’n and Jove himfelf turmoil,
At length aton’d, her friendly pow’r (halljoin. Dryden.
2. To weary; to keep in unquietnefs.
Having newly left thofe grammatic (hallows, where they
(luck unreafonably to learn a few words, on the fudden are
tranfported to be toft and turmoil'd with their unballafted
wits in fathomlefs aud unquiet deeps of controverfy. Milton.
To Turn. v. a. [tupnan, Sax. tourncr, Fr. from torno, Lat.J
1. To put into a circular or vertiginous motion; to move
round; to revolve.
She would have made Hercules turn the fpit; yea and
have cleft his club to make the fire too. Sbakejp.
He turn'd me about with his finger and thumb, as one
would fet up a top. Shakefpeare.
Here’s a knocking, indeed : if a man were porter of hellgate he (hould have old turning the key. Shakefp.
They in numbers that compute
Days, months and years, towards his all-chearing lamp
Turn fwift their various motions, or are tu> n'd
By his magnetic beam. Milton's Par. Lofi.
2. To put the upperlide downwards ; to (hift with regard to the
fides.
When the hen has laid her eggs fo that (he can cover them,
what care does (he take in turning them frequently, that all
parts may partake of the vital warmth l Addijon.
3. To change wich refpeft to pofition.
Expert
When to advance, or (land, or turn the fway
- Of battle. Milton,
TUR
He bid his angels turn afeanfe the poles. Milton
4- To change the ftate of the ballance.
You weigh equally, a feather will turn the feale. Shakefp*
If I furvive, (hall Troy the lefs prevail,
A (ingle foul’s too light to turn the feale. Dryden.
5. To bring the infide out.
. He called me fot;
And told me I had turn'd the wrong fide out. Shakefp.
The vaft abyfs
Up from the bottom turn'd by furious winds. Milton.
6. To change as to the pofture of the body, or direftion of the
look.
His gentle dumb expreftion turn'd at length
The eye of Eve to mark his play. Milton.
The rage of third and hunger now fuppreft,
The monarch turns him to his royal gueft. Pope’s Odyff.
7* To form on a lathe by moving round. [torno, Lat.J
As the placing one foot of a pair of compaftes on a plane,
and moving about the other foot, deferibes a circle with the
moving point; fo any fubftance, pitched fteddy on two points,
as on an axis, and moved about, alfo deferibes a circle con¬
centric to the axis : and an edge-tool fet fteddy to that part
of the outfide of the fubftance, will in a circumvolution of
that fubftance, Cut off all the parts that lie farther off the axis,
and make the outfide alfo concentric to the axis. This is the
whole fum of turning. Moxon’s Mech. Exer.
The whole lathe is made ftrong, becaufe the matter it
turns being metal, is heavier than wood, and with forceable
coming about, would, if the lathe were (light, make it tremble,
and fo fpoil the work. • Moxon's Mech. Exer.
8. To form ; to (hape.
His whole perfon is finely turned, and fpeaks him a man
of quality. Tatler, Nw 75.
What nervous arms he bohfts, how firm his tread.
His limbs how turn'd, how broad his (boulders fpread ! Pope.
9. To transform , to metamorphofe ; to tranfmute.
My throat of war be turn'd
To the virgin’s voice that babies lulls afleep. Shakefp:
"1 his mock of his
Hath turn'd his balls to gunftones. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Turn the council of Ahitophel into fooliftmefs. ‘ 2 Sa. xv.
Impaiience turns an ague into a fever, a fever to the plague,
fear into defpair, anger into rage, lofs into madnefs, and forrow
to amazement. Taylor's Rule of living Holy.
O goodnefs ! that (hall evil turn to good. Milton,
Of looty coal th’ empirick alchemift
Can turn, or holds it poflible to turn
Mettals of droflieft ore to perfeft gold. Milton*
10. To make of another colour.
The choler of a hog turned (yrup of violets green. Floyer.
11. To change; to alter.
Difdain not me although I be not fair :
Doth beauty keep which never fun can burn.
Nor ftorms do turn. Sidney,
Some dear friend dead ; elfe nothing in the world
Could turn fo much the conftitution
Of any conftant man. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
12. To make a reverfe of fortune.
Fortune confounds the wife,
And when they leaft expeftit, turns the dice. Dryden.
13. To tranfiate.
The bard whom pilfer’d paftorals renown;
Who turns a Perfian tale for half a crown.
Juft writes to make his barrennefs appear. Pote.
14. To change to another opinion, or party, worfe or better;
to convert; to pervert.
15. To change with regard to inclination or temper.
Turn thee unto me, and have mercy upon me. Pf xxv.
16. To alter from one effeft or purpofe to another.
That unreadinefs which they find in us, they turn it to the
foothing up theinfelves in that accurfed fancy. Hooker.
When a (form of fad mifchance beats upon our fpirits, turn
it into advantage, to ferve religion or prudence. Taylor.
God will make thefe evils the occafion of a greater good,
by turning them to advantage in this world, or increase of
our happinefs in the next. Tillotfon.
17. To betake.
Sheep, and great cattle, it feems indifferent which of thefe
two were moft turned to. Temple.
18. To transfer.
Thefe came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of
Saul to him. 1 Cbron. xii. 23.
Turn ye not unto idols, nor make to yourfelves molten
'J Lev. xix. 4.
19. lo fall upon.
The deftruftion of Demetrius, fon to Philip II. of Macedon, turned upon the father, who died of repentance. Bacon.
20. To make to naufeate.
This beaftly line quite turns my ftomach. Pope,
21. To make giddy.
Eaftern priefts in giddy circles run,
And turn their heads to imitate the fun, » Pope.
27 C 22. T*
TUR T U R
22. To infatuate ; to make mad.
My aking head can fcarce fupport the pain.
This curfed love will furely turn my brain:
Feel how it (hoots. Theocrit.
Alas ! (he raves; her brain, I fear, is turn'd. Rowe.
23. To direct to, or from any point.
The fun
Was bid turn reins from th’ equinoctial road. Milton.
A man, though he turns his eyes towards an objeCt, yet
he may chufe whether he will curioufly furvey it. Locke.
Unlefs he turns his thoughts that way, he will no more have
clear and diftinCt ideas ofthe operations of his mind, than he
will have of a clock, who will not turn his eyes to it.
Locke.
They turn away their eyes from a beautiful profpeCt. Add.
24. To direCt to a certain purpofe or propenfion.
My thoughts are turn'd on peace.
Already have our quarrels fill’d the world
With widows and with orphans. Addifon's Cato.
7 his turns the bufieft fpirits from the old notions of honour
and liberty to the thoughts of traffick. Addifon.
His natural magnanimity turn'd all his thoughts uponfomething more valuable than he had in view. Addifon.
He turn'd his parts rather to books and convention, than
to politicks. Prior.
He is (till to fpring from one of a poetical difpofition, from
whom he might inherit a foul turn'd to poetry. Pope.
25. To double in.
Thus a wife taylor is not pinching.
But turns at ev’ry feam an inch in. Stvft.
26. 7 o revolve; to agitate in the mind.
lIurn thefe ideas about in your mind, and take a view of
them on all fides. Watts.
27. To drive from a perpendicular edge; to blunt.
Quick wits are more quick to enter fpeedily, than able to
pierce far; like (harp tools whofe edges be very foon turn'd.
Afcham.
28. To drive by violence; to expel.
Rather turn this day out of the week ;
This day of (hame. Shakefpeare.
They turn'd weak people and children unable for fervice,
out of the city. Knolles's Hijl. cfthe Turks.
He now was grown deform’d and poor,
And fit to be turn’d out of door. Hudibras, p. iii.
If I had taken to the church, I (liould have had more fe’nfe
than to have turn’d myfelf out of my benefice by writing li¬
bels on my parifhioners. Dryden's Preface to Fables.
’ I'would be hard to imagine that God would turn him out
of paradife, to till the ground, and at the fame time advance
him to a throne. Locke.
A great man in a peafant’s houfe, finding his w'ife handfome, turn'd the good man out of his dwelling. Addifon.
29. To apply.
They all the facred myderies of heaven
To their own vile advantages (hall turn. Milton.
When the paffage is open, land will be turned mod to
great cattle ; when firut, to (heep. Temple.
30. Toreverfe; to repeal.
God will turn thy captivity, and have compaffion upon
thee. Deut. xxx.
31. To keep paffing in a courfe of exchange or traffick.
Thefe are certain commodities, and yield the readied money
of any that are turn'd in this kingdom, as they never fail of
a price abroad. Temple.
A man mud guard, if he intends to keep fair with the
world, and turn the penny. Collier of Popularity.
32. To adapt the mind.
However improper he might have been for dudies of a
higher nature, he wras perfe&ly well turn'd for trade. Addifon.
33. To put towards another.
I will fend my fear before thee, and make all thine enemies
turn their backs unto thee. Exod. xxiii. 27.
34. To retort; to throw back.
Luther’s confcience, by his indigations, turns thefe very
reafonings upon him. Atterbury.
35. To Turn away. To difmifs from fervice; todifeard.
She did nothing but turn up and down, as (lie had hoped
to turn away the fancy that mader’d her, and hid her face as if
(he could have hidden hcrfelf from her own fancies. Sidney.
Yet you will be hanged for being fo long abfent, or be
turn'd away. Shakejp. Twelfth Night.
She turn'd away one fervant for putting too much oil in
her fallad. Arbuthnot.
36. To Turn back. To return to the hand from which it was
received.
We turn not back the filks upon the merchant.
When we have fpoil’d them. Shak. Troilus and Crejfida.
37. To I URN off. 1 o difmifs contemptuoudy.
Having brought our treafure
Then take we down his load, and turn him off,\
Like to the empty afs, to duke his ears. Shakefpeare.
9
The murmurer is turn'd off, to the company of thofe dole¬
ful creatures that inhabit the ruins of Babylon. Gov. ofTong.
He turn'd off his former wife to make room for this mar¬
riage. Addijon.
38. To Turn off. To give over ; to refign.
The mod adverfe chances are like the ploughing and
breaking the ground, in order to a more plentiful harved.
And yet we are not fo wholly turned off to that reverlion, as
to have no fupplies for the prefent; for befides the comfort of
fo certain an expe&ation in another life, we have promifes
alfo for this. Decay of Piety.
39. To Turn off. To defied!.
The inditution of fports was intended by all governments
to turn offthe thoughts of the people from bufying themfelves
in matters of date. Addifon s Freeholder.
40. To Turn over. To transfer.
Excufing himfelf and turning over the fault to fortune;
then let it be your ill fortune too. Sidney.
41. To Turn to. To have recourfe to a book.
He that has once acquired a prudential habit, doth not, in
his bufinefs, turn to thefe rules. Grew.
Helvicus’s tables may be turn'd to on all occafions. Locke.
42. To be Turned of. To advance to an age beyond. An
odd ungrammatical phrafe.
Narciflus now his fixteerth year began,
Jud turned of boy,.and on the verge of man. Ovid's Met.
When turned of forty they determined to retire to the
country. Addifon.
Irus, though now turned offifty, has not appeared in the
world fince five and twenty. ' Addijon.
43. To Turn over. To refer.
After he had fainted Solyman, and was about to declare the
caufe of his coming, he was turn'd over to the Bada’s. KnolLs.
’Tis well the debt no payment does demand,
You turn me over to another hand. Dryden's Aurerigzebe.
44. ToTurn over. To examine one leaf of a book after an¬
other.
Some conceive they have no more to do than to turn over
a concordance. Swift's Miscellanies.
45. To Turn over. To throw off the ladder.
Criminals condemned to luffer
Are blinded fird, and then turn'd over. Butler.
To TURN. v. n.
1. To move round ; to have a circular or vertiginous motion.
Such a light and mettl’d dance
Saw you never;
And by lead-men for the nonce,
7 hat turn round like grindledones. Ben. John cm.
7 he gate on golden hinges turning. Milton.
The caufe of the imagination that things turn round, is,
for that the fpirits themfelves turn, being comprefTed by the
vapour of the wine ; for every liquid body, upon compreffion,
turneth, as w’e fee in water: and it is all one to the fight,
whether the vifual fpirits move, or the objetd moveth, or the
medium moveth. And we fee that long turning round breedeth the fame imagination. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
2. To (hew regard or anger, by directing the look towards any
thing.
Pompey turned upon him and bad him he quiet. Bacon.
7 he underdanding turns inwards on itfelf, and reflects on
its own operations. Locke.
Turn, mighty monarch, turn, this way ;
Do not refufe to hear. tdryden.
3. To move the body round.
Nature wrought fo, that feeing me (he turn'd. Milton.
He faid, and turning (hort with fpeedy pace,
Cads back a fcornful glance and quits the place. Dryden.
4. To move from its place.
The ancle-bone is apt to turn out on either fide, bv rrafon of relaxation of the tendons upon the lead w'alkiiw. IVzfm.
5. To change podure.
If one with ten thoufand dice, (hould throw five thoufand
fifes once or twice, we might fay he did it by chance; but
if, with almod an infinite number he (hould, without failing,
throw the fame fifes, we (hould certainly conclude he did it by
art, or that thefe dice could turn upon no other fide. Cheyne.
6. 7 o have a tendency or direction.
There is not a more melancholy object than a man who
has his head turned with religious enthufiafm. Addijon.
His cares all turn upon Adyanax,
Whom he has lodg’d within the citadel. A. Philips.
7. To move the face to another quarter.
The night feems doubled with the fear (he brings.
7 he morning, as midaken, turns about,
And all her early fires again go out. Dryden's Aurengzebe.
8. To depart from the way; to deviate.
My lords tivn in, into your fervant’s houfe. Gen. xix. 2.
Virgil, fuppofe in deferibing the fury of his heroe in a battle,
when endeavouring to raife our concernment to the higheft
pitch, /tf-wfhorton the fudden into fome fimililude, which
diverts attention from the main fubjeft. Dryden.
0. To
T U R
9. To alter; to be changed; to be transformed.
Your bodies may at laft turn all to fpirit. Milton.
A ftorm of fad milchance will turn into fomething that is
good, if we lift to make it fo. Taylor.
This fufpicion turned to jealoufy, and jealoufy to rage;
then fhe difdains and threatens, and again is humble. Dryd.
Socrates meeting Alcibiades going to his devotions, and
observing his eyes fixed with great ferioufnefs, tells him that
he had reafon to be thoughtful, iince a man might bring
down evils by his prayers, and the things which die god's
fend him at his requeft mightturn to his deftru&ion. Addifon.
For this I fufter’d Phoebus’ fteeds to ftray.
And the mad ruler to mifguide the day, -
When the wide earth to heaps of allies turn'd.
And heav n itfelf the wand’ring chariot burn’d. Pope:
Rather than let a good fire be wanting, enliven it with the
butter that happens to turn to oil. Swift.
10. . o become by a change.
Cygnets from grey white; hawks from brown turn
more white. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Oil of vitriol and petroleum, a drachm of each, will turn
into a mouldy fubftance. Boyle.
They turn viragos too ; the wreftler’s toil
They try. Dryden's Juvenal.
In this difeafe, the gall will turn of a blackifh colour, and
the blood verge towards a pitchy confiftence. Arbuthnot.
11. To change fides.
I turn'd, and try’d each corner of my bed,
To find if deep were there, but fleep was loft. Dryden.
As a man in a fever turns often, although without any hope
of eafe, fo men in the extremeft mifery fly to the firft ap¬
pearance of relief, though never fo vain. Swift's Intellig.
12. To change the mind, conduct, or determination.
Turn from thy fierce wrath. Exod. xxxii. 12.
Turn at my reproof: behold I will pour out my fpirit. Prov.
He’ll relent and turn from his difpleafure. Milton.
13. To change to acid. Ufed of milk.
Has friendfhip fuch a faint and milky heart.
It turns in lefs than two nights ? Shak. Timcn of Athens.
Afles milk turneth not fo eafily as cows. Bacon.
14. To be brought eventually.
Let their vanity be flattered with things that will do them
good ; and let their pride fet them on work on fomething
which may turn to their advantage. Locke on Education.
Chriftianity directs our actions fo, as every thing we do
may turn to account at the great day. Addifon's Spedt.
For want of due improvement, thefe ufeful inventions have
not turned to any great account. Baker's Rcf.edt. on Learning.
15. To depend on, as the chief point.
When a man once perceives how far ideas agree or difagree, he will be able to judge of what other people fay.
The queftion turns upon this point ; when the prefbyterians
fhall have got their fhare of employments, whether they
ought not, by their own principles, to ufe the utmoft of their
power to reduce the whole kingdom to an uniformity. Swift.
Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war. Sw.
The firft platform of the poem, which reduces into one
important adlion all the particulars upon which it turns. Pope.
16. To grow giddy.
I’ll look no more.
Left my brain turn, and the deficient fight
Topple down headlong. Sbakefpeare's King Lear.
17. To have an unexpected confequence or tendency.
If we repent feripufly, fubmit contentedly and ferve him
faithfully, afflictions fhall turn to our advantage. IVake.
18. To Turn away. To deviate from a proper courfe.
The turning away of the fimple fhall flay him. Prov.
In fome fprings of water if you put wood, it will turn
into the nature of ftone. Bacon.
29. To return; to recoil.
His foul efteem
Sticks no difhonour on our front, but turns
Foul on himfelf. Milton.
go. To be directed to, or from any point.
Forthwith from dance to fweet repaft they turn. Milton.
21. To Turn off. To divert one’s courfe.
The peaceful banks which profound filence keep.
The little boat fecurely pafles by
But where with noife the waters creep,
Turn off with care, for treacherous rocks are near. Norris.
Turn’. n.J. [from the verb.]
1. The act of turning; gyration.
2. Meander ; winding way.
Fear milled the youngeft from his way;
But Nifus hit the turns. Dryden.
After a turbulent and noify courfe among the rocks, the
Teverne falls into the valley, and alter many turns and
windings glides peaceably into the Tiber. Addifon.
3. A walk too and fro.
My good and gracious lord of Canterbury:
• Come, you and 1 muft wallc a ///r» together. Shakefpeare.
T U R
Nothing but the open air will do me good, I’ll take a turn
in your garden. Dryden's 'Spanijh Friar.
Upon a bridge fomewhat broader than the fpace a man
takes up in walking, laid over a precipice, defire fome emi¬
nent philofopher to take a turn or two upon it. Collier.
4. Change; viciflitude; alteration.
An admirable facility mufick hath to exprefs and reprefent
to the mind, more inwardly than any other fenlible mean,
the very handing, riling, and falling; the very fteps and
inflections every way ; the turns and varieties of all paffions
whereunto the mind is fubjecSt. , Hooker.
Oh, world, thy flippery turns ! friends now faft fworn,
On a diflenfion of a doit, break out
To bittereft enmity. Shakefpeare.
The ftate of chriftendom might by this have a turn. Bacon.
The King with great nobleneis and bounty, which virtues
had their tuns in his nature, reftored Edward Stafford. Bacon.
This turn hath made amends ! thou haft fulfill’d
Thy words. Creator bounteous. Milton.
This turn's too quick to be without defign ;
I’ll found the bottom of’t ere I believe. Dryden.
Too well the turns of mortal chance I know, N
And hate relentlefs of my heavenly foe. Pope's Odyff.
An Englilh gentleman fhould be well verfed in the hiftory
of England, that he may obferve the feveral turns of ftate,
and how produced. Locke.
5. Manner of proceeding; change from the original intention or
firft appearance.
The Athenians were offered liberty, but the wife turn they
thought to give the matter, was a facrificeof the author. Swift.
6. Chance ; hap.
Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleafes. Gol.
7. Occafion ; incidental opportunity.
An old dog, falling from his fpeed,was loaden at every turn
with blows and reproaches. L'Ejlrange.
8. Time at which any thing is to be had or done.
Myfelf would be glad to take fome breath, and defire that
fome of you would take your turn to fpeak. Bacon.
His turn will come to laugh at you again. Denham.
The fpiteful ftars have fhed their venom down,
And now the peaceful planets take their turn. Dryden.
Though they held the power of the civil fword unlawful,
whilft they were to be governed by it, yet they efteemed it
very lawful when it came to their turn to govern. Atterb.
A faline conftitution of the fluids is acid, alkaline, or mu¬
riatic : of thefe in their turns. Arbuthnot.
The nymph will have her turn to be
The tutor, and the pupil, he. Swift.
9. AClions of kindnefs or malice.
Lend this virgin aid,
Thanks are half loft when good turns are delay’d. Fairfax.
Some malicious natures place their delight in doing ill
turns. L'Ejlrange's Fab. b. 102.
Shrewd turns ftrike deeper than ill words. South.
10. Reigning inclination.
This is not to be accomplifhed but by introducing religion
to be the turn arid fafhion of the age. Swift.
11. A ftep off the ladder at the gallows.
They, by their fkill in palmiftry,
Will quickly read his deftiny ;
And make him glad to read his leflon.
Or take a turn for it at the fefiion. Butler,
12. Convenience.
Diogenes’ difh did never ferve his mafter for more turns,
notwithftanding that he made it his difh, cup, cap, meafure,
and water-pot, than a mantle doth an Irifhman. Spenfer.
They never found occafion for their tourn,
But almoft ftarv’d did much lament and mourn. Flubberd.
His going I could frame to ferve my turn;
Save him from danger, do him love and honour. Shakefp.
My daughter Catharine is not for your turn. Shakefpeare.
To perform this murder was eleeft ;
A bale companion, few' or none could mifs,
Who firft did ferve their turn, and now ferves his. Dan.
They tried their old friends of the city, who had ferved
their turns fo often, and fet them to get a petition. Clarendon.
This philofophy may pals with the moft fenfual, while
they pretend to be reafonable; but whenever they have a
mind to be otfierwife, to drink or to fleep, will ferve the
turn. Temple's Mifctllanies.
13. The form ; caft ; fhape ; manner.
Our young men take up fome cry’d up Englifh poet,
without knowing wherein his thoughts are improper to his
fubjedt, or his expreffions unworthy of his thoughts, or the
turn of both is unharmonious. Dryden.
Seldom any thing raifes wonder in me,which does not give
my thought a turn that makes my heart the better. Addifon.
Female virtues are of a domeftick turn. The family is the
proper province for private women to fhine in. Addifon.
An agreeable turn appears in her fentiments upon the moft
ordinary affairs of life, Addifon.
Wit
T U R
. W,t doth not confift fo much in advancing things new, as
ir> giving things known an agreeable turn. Addison's Sped?.
before I made this remark, I wondered to lee the Roman
poets, in their defeription of a beautiful man, fo often men¬
tion the turn of his neck and arms. Addifon.
A young man of a fprightly turn in converfation, had an in¬
ordinate defire of appearing falhionable. Spectator.
Books give the fame turn to our thoughts and reafoning,
that good company does to our converfation. Swift's Mift
The very turn of voice, the good pronunciation, and the
alluring manner which fome teachers have attained, will en¬
gage the attention. Ifalts.
14. The manner of adjufting the words of a fentence.
The turn of words, in which Ovid exeells all poets, are
fometimes a fault or fometimes a beauty, as they are ufed
properly or improperly. Dryden.
I he three firft ftanzas are rendered word for word with
the original, not only with the fame elegance, but the fame
fhort turn of expreffion peculiar to the fapphick ode. Addifon.
The firft coin being made of brafs gave the denomination
to money among the Romans, and the whole turn of their
exprelfions is derived from it. Arbuthnot.
15. By Turns. One after another.
They feel by turns the bitter change
Offierce extremes ; extremes by change more fierce. Milt.
The challenge to Dametas fhall belong,
Menalcas fhall fuflain his under-fong;
Each in his turn your tuneful numbers bring;
By turns the tuneful mufes love to fmg. Dryden’s Virg.
By turns put on the fuppliant, and the lord ;
Threaten’d this moment, and the next implor’d. Prior.
I u'rnbench. n. f. [turn and bench.~\ A term of turners.
Small work in metal is turn’d in an iron lathe called a
turnbench, which they ferewin a vice, and having fitted their
work upon a fmall iron axle, with a drill barrel, fitted upon a
fquare {hank, at the end of the axis, next the left-hand, they
with a drill-bow, and drill-firing, carry it about. Moxon.
Tu'rncoat. n. f. [turn and coat.] One who forfakes his party
or principles ; a renegade ;
Courtefy itfelf mufi turn to difdain, if you come in her
prefence—Then is courtefy a turncoat. Shakefp.
Tu'rner. 7i, f. [from turn.J One whofe trade is to turn in a
lathe.
Nor box, nor limes without their ufe are made.
Smooth-grain’d and proper for the turner’s trade. Dryden.
Some turners, to {hew their dexterity in turning, turn long
and (lender pieces of ivory, as fmall as an hay-ftalk. Moxon.
Tu'rning. v. a. [from turn.] flexure; winding; meander.
I ran with headlong hafte
Thro’ paths and turnings often trod by day. Milton.
Tu'rningness. n. f. [from turning.J Quality of turning; tergiverfation; fubterfuge.
So nature formed him, to all turningnefs of Heights; that
though no man had lefs goodnefs, no man could better find
the places whence arguments might grow of goodnefs. Sidn.
Tu'rnip. n.f. A white elculent root.
The flower confifts of four leaves, which are placed in form
of a crofs ; out of the flower cup riles the pointal, which af¬
terward turns to a pod, divided into two cells by an interme¬
diate partition, to which the valves adhere on both fides, and
are full of roundifli feeds : a carneous and tuberofe root. Mil.
November is drawn with bunches of parfnips and turnips in
his right-hand. Peacham on. Drawing.
The goddefs rofe amid the inmoft round,
With wither’d turnip-tops her temples crown’d. Gay.
Turnips hide their fwelling heads below. Gay’s Pajl.
Turnpi'ke. n.f. [turn and pike, or pique.]
1. A crofs of two bars armed with pikes at the end, and turn¬
ing on a pin, fixed to hinder horfes from entering.
2. Any gate by which the way is obftrufted.
The gates are fhut, and the turnpikes locked. Arbuthnot.
Tu'rnsick. adj. [turn 2.n&fick.~\ Vertiginous; giddv.
If a man fee another turn fwiftly and long ; or ifhe look
upon wheels that turn, himfelf waxeth turnftek. Bacon.
TurnsoT. n.f. [Heliotropium, Lat.J A plant.
The flower confifts ofone leaf Ihaped like a funnel, having
its centre wrinkled and folded, and its brim cut into ten fegments alternately unequal: thefe flowers are collected into a
long refledled fpike, refembling a fcorpion’s tail; each flower
is lucceeded by four naked gibbofe feeds. Miller.
Tu'rnspit. n. f. [turn and fpit.] He that anciently turned a
fpit, inftead of which jacks are now generally ufed.
I give you joy of the report
I hat he’s to have a place at court;
Yes, and a place he will grow rich in,
A turnfpit in the royal kitchen. Swift's Mfcel.
I u'rnstile. n. f. [turn and Jlile.~\ A turnpike.
A turnftile is more certain
Ilian, in events of war, dame Fortune. Hudibras.
Twirling turnjiiles interrupt the way.
The thwarting pafienger fhall forcq them round. Gay.
Ti/rpentine. n.f[turpentina,Italian; terebinthv.s, Lat.jThe
TUT
gum exuded by the pine, the juniper, and other trees of that
kind.
As the turpentine tree I ftretched out my branches. Eccluf
Vertgreafe grinded with turpentine, put into a pot, and as
you ufe it warm it. Peacham on Drawing.
Tu'rquoise. n.f SceTurkois.
One fhew’d me a ring, he had of your daughter for a
. monkey.—Out upon her ! it was my turquoife, I had it when
I was a bachelor. Shakefp. Merchant of Venice.
Tu'kpitude. n.ft [turpitude, Fr. turpitudo, from turpis, Lat.J
Efiential deformity of words, thoughts or actions ; inherent
vilenefs ; badnefs.
How would’ft thou have paid
My better fervice, when my turpitude
Thou thus doft crown with gold. Shakefpeare.
Decency imports a certain meafure ofone thing to another;
the prefervation of which is properly that rule by which every
thing ought to a£t; and confequently the violation of it im¬
plies a turpitude or indecency. South's Sermons.
Tu'bret. n.f. [,turris, Lat.J A fmall eminence raifed above
the reft of the building ; a little tower.
Difcourfe I pr’y thee, on this turret’s top. Shakefpeare.
All things well ordered, he withdrew with fpeed
Up to a turret high, two ports between.
That fo he might be near at every need.
And overlook the lands and furrows green. Fairfax.
Make Windfor hills in lofty numbers rife.
And lift her turrets nearer to the (kies. Pope. JVindft For.
Tu'rreted. adj. [from turret.] Formed like a tower; riling
like a tower.
'Take a turreted lamp of tin, in the form of a fquare ; the
height of the turret being thrice as much as the length of the
lower part, whereupon the lamp ftandeth. Bacon s Nat. Hifl.
Tu'ktle. ) n. f. [tuptle, Saxon; tortorelle, French;
Tu'rtledove. J tortarella, Italian; turtur, Latin.]
1. A fpecies of dove.
When ftrepherds pipe on oaten ftraws.
And merry larks are ploughmens clocks :
When turtles tread. Shak. Love’s Lab. Lofl.
We’ll teach him to know turtles from jays. Shak.
Take me an heifer and a turtle dove. Gen. xv. 9.
Galen propos’d the blood of tw ties dropt warm from their
wings. JVijeman.
2. It is ufed among failors and gluttons for a tortoife.
Tush, interj. [Of this word I can find no credible etymoloay.J
An expreffion of contempt.
Tujh, fay they, how ihould God perceive it: is there
knowledge in the moft high ? Pfalm lxxiii.
Sir Thomas Moor found fault with his lady’s continual
chiding, faying; the coniideration of the time, for it was
fent, fhould reftrain her. Tuft), tuft), my lord, faid {he, look,
here is oneftep to heaven-ward, {hewing him a fiiar’s girdle.
I fear me, quoth Sir Thomas, this one ftep will not brirur
you up a ftep higher. Camden’s Remains.
Tujh never tell me, I take it much unkindly
That thou, Iago, who haft had my purfe.
As if the firings were thine, fhould know of this. Shah.
Tusk. n. ft [zyxap, Saxon; tcfken, old Frifick.J The long
teeth of a pugnacious animal; the fang ; the holding tooth.
Some creatures have over-long, or out-growing teeth,
called fahgs, or tusks ; as boars and pikes. Bacon.
The boar depended upon his tusks. L’Efuange.
As two boars.
With riling briftles, and with frothy jaws.
Their adverfe breafts with tusks oblique they wound. Dryd.
A monftrous boar
Whetting his tusks, and churning hideous foam. Smith.
TVsKyD' } ae^' furnifhed with tulks.
Into the naked woods he goes.
And feeks the tusky boar to tear. Dryden.
Of thofe beafts no one was horned and tusked too: the
fuperfluous blood not fufficing to feed both. Grew.
Tu'ssuck. n.f. [diminitive of tuzz.J A tuft of grafs or twigs.
The firft is remarkable for the feveral tufjucks or bunches of
thorns, wherewith it is armed round. Grew.
Tut. interj. [This feems to be the fame with tujh.J
A particle noting contempt.
Tut, tut! grace me no grace, nor uncle me no uncle. Shak.
Tut, tut ! here’s a mannerly forbearance. Shakefp.
Tutanag. n. f.
Tutanage is the Chinefe name for fpelter, which vve crroneoufly apply to the metal of which canifters are made,
that are brought over with the tea from China. It being a
coarfe pewter made with the lead carried from England and
tin got in the kingdom of Quintang. IVoochvard.
Tutelage, n.f. [tutelle, tutelage, Fr.tutela, Lat.J Guardianftlip ; ftate of being under guardian.
If one in the pofleifion of lands die, and leave a minor to
fucceed to him, his tutelage belongeth to the king. Drumnunid.
He accoupled the ambalTage with an article in the nature
of a requeft, that the French king might, according unto his
ri^ht
TWA T W E
right of feigniory or tutelage ; difpofe of the marriage of the
young duchefs of Britany. Bacon.
Tu'telar. ( adj. [tutelar Lat.J Having the charge or guarTu'telary. s dianfhip of any perfon or thing; protecting;
defenfive; guardian.
According to the traditions of the magicians the tutelary
fpirits, will not remove at common appellations, but at the
proper names of things, whereunto they are protectors. Brown.
1 emperance, that virtue without pride, and fortune without
envy, that gives ineolence of body, with an equality of mind ;
the belt guardian of youth and lupport of old age: the pre¬
cept of reafon, as well asreligion, and phyfician of the ioul
as well as the body ; the tutelar goddefs of health, and univerfal medicine of life. Temple.
1 hele tutelar genii who prefided over the feveral people
committed to their charge, were watchful over them. Dryd.
But you, O Grecian chiefs, reward my care,
Sure I may plead a little to your grace :
Enter’d the town ; I then unbarr’d the gates,
When I remov’d the tutelary fates. Dryden.
Ye tutelar gods who guard this royal fabric. Rowe.
Tutor, n. J. [tutor, Lat. tuteur, Fr.] One who has the care
of another’s learning and morals ; a teacher or inftruCton
When I am as I have been.
Approach me, and thou fhalt be as thou waif.
The tutor and the feeder of my riots ;
Till then I banifh thee on pain of death. Shakefp.
Ah, tutor, look where bloody Clifford comes. Shakefp.
When nobles are the tailors tutors;
No hereticks burnt but wenches fuiters. Butler.
A primitive Chriflian, that coming to a friend to teach him
a pfalm, began, I faid I will look to my ways, that I offend
not with my tongue ; upon which he hop’d his tutor, faying,
this is enough if I learn it. Government of the Tongue.
His body thus adorn’d, he next defign’d
With lib’ral arts to cultivate his mind :
He fought a tutor of his own accord,
And Ifudy’d leffons he before abhorr’d. Dryden.
No fcience is fo fpeedily learned by the noblefl genius with¬
out a tutor. JVatts.
To Tutor, v. a. [from the noun.]
J. To inllrudl; to teach ; to document.
This boy is forefl born,
And hath been tutor’d in the rudiments
Of many defperate (ludiesby his uncle. Shakefp,
He cannot be a perfect man,
Not being tried and tutor’d in the world. Shakefp.
The cock has his fpurs, and he flrikes his feet inward
with fingular (Irength and order ; yet he does not this by any
fyllogiftical method, but is merely tutored by inftinct. Hale,
*1, To treat with fuperiority or feverity.
I hardly yet have learn’d
T’infinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my knee:
Give forrow leave a while to tutor me
To this fubmiflion. Shakefp. Rich. II.
I take a review of my little boys mounted upon hobbyhorfes, and of little girls tutoring their babies. Addijon.
Tu'torage. n. f. [from tutor.] The authority or folemnity of
a tutor.
Children care not for the company of their parents or
tutors, and men will care lefs for theirs, who would make
them children by ufurping a tutorage. Govern, of the Tongue.
Tu'toress. n.f [from tutor.] Direclrefs ; inftrudlrefs; governefs.
Fidelia Ihall be your tutorcfs. Moore’s Foundling.
Tutty. n. f. [tutia, low Lat. tuthie, Fr.] A fublimate of zinc
or calamine colledled in the furnace. Ainfw.
Tu'tsan, orparkleaves. n.f. [androfeemum, Lat.] A plant.
Tuz. n. f. [I know not whether it is not a word merely of
cant.] A lock or tuft of hair.
With odorous oil thy head and hair are fleek ;
And then thou kemp’ft the tuzzes on thy cheek ;
Of thefe thy barbers take a coftly care. Dryden.
Twain, adj. [rpgen, batpa, both twain, Saxon.] Two. An
old word, not now ufed but ludicroufly.
’Tis notthe tryal of a woman’s war.
The bitter clamour of two eager tongues.
Can arbitrate this caufe betwixt us twain. Shakefp.
Such fmiling rogues as thefe.
Like rats, oft bite the holy cords in twain,
Too intricate t’unloofe. Shakefp. King Lear.
Of my condition take no care;
It fits not; thou and I long fince are twain. Milton.
When old winter fplit the rocks in twain ;
He flrip’d the bears-foot of its leafy growth. Dryden.
The trembling widow, and her daughters twain,
This woeful cackling cry with horror heard. Dryden.
To TWANG, v. n. [A word formed from the found.] To
found with a quick (harp noife.
A thou land twanging infirm e its
WilHum about mine tars. Shakefp. Tempefl,
His quiver o’er his fhoulders Phoebus threw,
His bow twang'd, and his arrow's rattled as they flew. D-yel.
With her thund’ring voice file menac’d high ;
And every accent twang'd with fmarting forrow. Dryden,
The twanfinz bows
Send fliowers of (hafts, that on their barbed points
Alternate ruin bear. Philips.
Sounds the tough horn and twangs the quiv’ring firing.
Rope.
To Twang, v. a. To make to found fharply.
A fwaggering accent fharply twang'd off, gives manhood
approbation. Shak. Twelfth Night.
Twang, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A fharp quick found.
They by the found and twang of nofe,
If all be found within, difclofe. Butler’s Hudibras*
So fwells each wind-pipe ; afs intones to afs.
Harmonic twang of leather, horn and brafs. Pope.
2. An affedled modulation of the voice.
If he be but a perfon in vogue with the multitude, he can
make popular, rambling, incoherent fluff, feafonedwith tzvang
and tautology, pafs for high rhetorick. South’s Sermons.
He has fuch a twang in his difeourfe, and ungraceful way
of fpeaking thro’ his nofe, that one can hardly underftand
Tim. . Arbuthnot,
Twang, interj. A word making a quick adlion, accompanied
with a fharp found. Little ufed, and little deferving, to be
ufed.
There’s one, the befl in all my quiver,
Twang ! thro’ his very heart and Jiver. Prior,
TwaYgling. adj. [from twang.] Contemptibly noify.
She did call me ralcal, fidler,
And tzvangling ]ack, with twenty fuch vile terms. Shak.
To Twank. v. n. [Corrupted from twang.] To make to
found.
A freeman of London has the privilege ofdiflurbing a whole
flreet with twanking of a brafs kettle. Addifon,
’Twas. Contradled from it was.
If he afks who bid thee, fay 'twas I. Dryd.
To Twa'ttle. v. n. [fchwatzen, German.] To prate; to
t gabble ; to chatter.
It is not for every twattling goflip to undertake. L’Ejlrange,
Tway. For Twain.
Gyon’s angry blade fo fierce did play
On th’ othe.’s helmet, which as Titan flione.
That quit it clove his plumed crefl in tway. Fairy JT
Twa'yblade. n.f. [Ophris, Lat.] It hath a polypetalous
flower, confiding ©f fix diflimilar leaves, of w'hich the five
upper ones are fo difpofed, as to reprefent in fome meafure an
helmet, the under one being headed and fhaped like a man.
The empalement becomes a fruit, perforated with three
windows, to which adhere valves, pregnant with very finall
feeds like dufl. Miller.
To Tweag. ) v. a. [It is written tweag by Skinner, huttweak
To Tweak. J by other writers; twacken, German.] To
pinch ; to fqueeze betwixt the fingers.
Who calls me villain, breaks my pate acrofs.
Tweaks me by the nofe. Shakefp.
To roufe him from lethargick dump,
He tweak'd his nofe. Butler.
Look in their face, they tweak’d your nofe. Swift.
Tweague. j n. f [from the verb.] Perplexity; ludicrous
Tweak. £ diftrefs. A low word.
This put the old fellow in a rare tweague. Arbuthnot.
To Twee'dle. v. a. [I know not whence deriv’d.] To handle
lightly. It feems in the following paflage mifprinted for
wheedle.
A fidler brought in with him a body oflufty young fellows,
whom he had tweedled into the fervice. Addifon.
Twee'zers. n. f. [etuy, French.] Nippers, or fmall pincers,
to pluck off hairs.
There hero’s wits are kept in pond’rous vafes,
And beaus in fnuff-boxes and tweezer cafes. Pope.
Twelfth, adj. tpelpta, Saxon.] Second after the tenth; the
ordinal of twelve.
He found Elifha plowing with twelve yoke of oxen, and
he with the twelfth. i Kings, xix. 9.
Suppofing, according to the (landard, five (hillings vvers
to weigh an ounce, wanting about fixteen grains, whereof
one twelfth were copper, and eleven twelfths filver, it is plain
here the quantity of filver gives the value. Locke.
Twe'lfthtide. n.f The twelfth day after Chriflmas.
Plough-munday, next after thattwelfthtide.
Bids out with the plough. 7'ufJ. Husb.
Twelve, adj. [tpelp, Sax.] Two and ten; twice fix.
Thou hall beat me outtwelve feveral times. Shak.Coriolanus.
Had we no quarrel elfe to Rome, but that
Thou art thence banilh’d, we would mufter all.
From twelve to twenty. Shak.
27 D What
T W I
What man talk’d with you yefternight
Out at your window betwixt twelve and one. Shakefpcare.
On his left hand twelve reverend owls did fly:
So Romulus, Yis lung, by Tyber’s brook,
Prefage of lway from twice fix vultures, took. Drydcn.
Twe'lvemonth. n. f [twelve and month.] A year, as conlifting of twelve months.
I fhall laugh at this a tiuelvemonth hence. Shakefp.
« This year or twelvemonth, by reafonthat the moon’s months
are fhorter than thofe of the fun, is about eleven days fhorter
than the fun’s year. Holder.
Taking the fhoots of the paft fpring and pegging them
down in very rich earth perfe£lly confumed, watering them
upon all occaftons, by this time twelvemonth they will be
ready to remove. Evelyn.
In the fpace of about a tiuelvemonth I have run out of a
whole thoufand pound upon her. Addifon.
Not twice a twelvemonth you appear in print. Pope.
Twf/lvepence. n. f [twelve and pence.] A fhilling.
Twe'lvepenny. adj, [twelve and penny.] Sold for a fhilling.
I would wifli no other revenge, from this rhyming judge
of the twelvepenny gallery. Dryd.
Twe'lvescore. n.f [twelve and /core.JTwelve timestwenty ;
two hundred and forty.
Twelvefcore virago’s of the Spartan race. Dryden.
Twentieth, adj. [tpenteojo^a, Saxon.] Twice tenth jor¬
dinal of twenty.
This year.
The twentieth from the firing the capitol.
As fatal too to Rome, by all predictions. Ben. Jolmfon.
The quantity of the fifteenth ihould be turned to a twentieth.
Bacon.
Why was not I the twentieth by defeent
From a long reftive race of droning kings ? Dryden.
This crown now muft be raifed, and coined one twentieth
lighter; which is nothing but changing the denomination,
calling that a crown now, which yefterday was but a part,
viz. nineteen twentieths. Locke.
Twenty, adj. [tpenzij, Saxon.]
1. Twice ten.
At leaft nineteen in twenty of thefe perplexing words might
be changed into eafy ones. Swift.
2. A proverbial or indefinite number.
Maximilian, upon twenty refpeCts, could not have been the
man. Bacon's Henry VII.
Twi'bil. n. f. [twy for two and bill, bipennis, Lat.] A halbert.
Ainf.
Twice, adv. [tpjrS, Sa?ton; twees, Dutch.]
1. Two times.
U pon his creft he ftruck him fo.
That twice he reeled, ready twice to fall. Fairy Sjj.
He twice eftay’d to call his fon in gold ;
Twice from his hands he drop’d the forming mould. Dryd.
2. Doubly.
A little fum you mourn, while moft have met
With twice the lofs, and by as vile a cheat. Dryden.
3. It is often ufed in compofition.
Life is tedious as a twice told tale.
Vexing the dull ear of a drowfy man. Shakefp.
Twice-born Bacchus burft the thund’rer’s thigh,
And all the gods that wander thro’ the fky. Creech.
Extol the ftrength of a tat//o?-conquer’d race. Dryden.
And what fo tedious as a twice-told tale. Pope.
To Twidle. v. a. [This is commonly written tweedle.] To
touch lightly. A low word.
With my fingers upon the ftupe, I preffed clofe upon it,
and twidlecl it in, firft one fide, then the other. Wifeman.
TWIG. n. f. tpig, zpigja, Saxon ; twyg, Dutch.] A fmall
fhoot of a branch ; a lwitch tough and long.
The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on
the outfide with hides, and fo had the Venetians. Raleigh.
They chofe the fig-tree, fuch as fpread her arms,
Branching fo broad and long, that in the ground
The bended twigs take root. Milton.
Can’ll thou with a weak angle ftrike the whale.
His huge jaw with a twig or bulrufh bore ? Sandys.
If they cut the twigs at evening, a plentiful and pleafant
juice comes out. More.
The tender twig fhoots upwards to the fkies. Dryden.
From parent bough
A cyon meetly fever : after force
A way into the crabftocks clofe wrought grain
By wedges, and within the living wound
Inclofe the fofter twig, around which fpread
The binding clay. Philips.
TwFggen. adj, [from twig.~\ Made of twigs.
111 beat the knave with a twiggen bottle. Shakefp.
The fides and rim fewed together after the manner of
twiggen work. _ Grew.
Twiggy, adj. [from twig.] Full of twio-s.
I wi'light. n. f. tweeluht, Dutch ; zpeoneleohi, Saxon.]
: :: 7
T w 1 • * *
The dubious or faint light before funrife, and after funfet;
obfeure light; uncertain view.
Her twilights were more clear than our mid-day. Donne.
Sufpicions amongft thoughts, are like bats amongft birds,
they ever fly by twilight. Certainly they are to be well
guarded-. Bacon.
A faint weak love of virtue, and of good,
Reflects from her on them, which underftood
Her worth ; and though fhe have fhut in all day
The twilight of her memory doth flay. Donne,
He that faw hell in’s melancholy dream.
And in the twilight of his pliancy’s theme
Scar’d from his fins, repented in a fright.
Had he view’d Scotland, had turn’d profelyte. Cleveland.
Ambrofial night, with clouds exhal’d
From that high mount of God, whence light and fhade
Spring both, the face of brighteft heav’n had chang’d
To grateful twilight. Milton's Par. Loji.
When the fun was down
They juft arriv’d by twilight at a town. Dryden.
In the greateft part of our concernment he has afforded us
only the twilight ofprobability, liiitable to ourftate of medio¬
crity. Locke.
Twi'light. adj.
1. Not clearly or brightly illuminated ; obfeure; deeply fhaded.
When the fun begins to fling
His flaring beams, me goddefs bring
To arched walks of twilight groves. Milton.
O’er the tivilight groves, and du/ky caves.
Long-founding ifles, and intermingled graves,
Black melancholy fits, and round her throws
A death-like filence, and a dead repofe. Pope.
2. Seen by tiuilight.
On old Lycseus or Cyllene hoar
Trip no more in twilight ranks. Milton.
Twin, n.f [tpinn, Saxon 3 tweelingen, Dutch.]
1. Children born at a birth. It is therefore feldom ufed in the
lingular ; though fometimes it is ufed for one of twins.
In this myftery of ill opinions, here’s the twin brother of
thy letter ; but let thine inherit firft, for mine never fhall. She
In bellowing
He was moft princely : ever witnefs for him
Thofe twins of learning Ipfwich and Oxford. Shakefp.
If that moment of the time of birth be of fuch moment,
whence proceedeth the great difference of the conftitutions of
twins, which, tho’ together born, have ftrange and contrary
fortunes. _ Drummond.
The divided dam
Runs to the fummons of her hungry lamb ;
But when the twin cries halves, fhe quits the firft. Cleveland.
They came tzvins from the womb, and Hill they live
As if they would go tivins too to the grave. Otway.
Fair Leda’s twins, in time to ftars decreed.
One fought on foot, one curb’d the fiery fteed. Dryden.
Had there been the fame likenefs in all men, as fometimes
in twins, it would have given occafion to confulion. Grew.
2. Gemini, the fign of the zodiack.
This, when the fun retires,
Firft fhines, and fpreads black night with feeble fires,
Then parts the twins and crab. Creech.
When now no more, th’ alternate twins are fir’d.
Short is the doubtful empire of the night. Tbojnfon.
To Twin. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To be born at the fame birth.
He that is approv’d in this offence.
Though he had twinn'd with me both at a birth.
Shall lofe me. Shakefp. Othello.
2. To bring two at once.
Ewes yearly by twinning rich mailers do make. Tujer.
3. To be paired ; to be fuited.
Hath nature given them eyes,
Which can diftinguilh ’twixt
The fiery orbs above and the twinned Hones
Upon the humbl’d beach. Shake rp.
O how infcrutable ! his equity
Twins with his power. Sandys.
Twinbo'rn. adj. [twin and born.] Born at the fame birth.
Our fins lay on the King ; he muft bear all.
O hard condition and twinborn with greatnefs. Shakefp.
To 7 wine. v. a. [tpman, Saxon; twynav., Dutch.]
1. To twift or complicate fo as to unite, or form one body or
fubftance out of two or more.
Thou fhalt make an hanging of blue, and fine twined linen,
wrought with needlework. Enod. xxvi. 36.
2. I know not wrhether this is from twine or twin.
By original lapfe, true liberty
Is loft, which always with right reafon dwells,
Tivin'dy and from her hath no dividual being. Milton.
3. To unite itfelf.
Lumps of fugar lofe themfelves, and twine
Their fubtile eftence with the foul of wine. Crajhaw.
To
T W I
To Twine, v. n.
1. To convolve itfelf; to wrap itfelf clofely about.
Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine
The vi&or cry’d, the glorious prize is mine ! Pope.
2. To unite by interpofition of parts.
Friends now faft fworn, who twine in love
Unfeparable, ftiall, within this hour.
On a difTenfion of a doit, break out
To bittereft enmity Sbai'fcar'.
3. 1 o wind ; to make flexures.
As rivers, though they bend and mine.
Still to the fea their courfe incline.
Or as philofophers who find
Some fav’rite fyftem to their mind.
In ev’ry point to make it fit.
Will force all nature to fubmit. Swift.
I he deer ruftles thro’ the twining brake. Thomfon.
Twine, n.f [from the verb.]
1. A twifted thread.
Not any damfel, which her vaunteth moft
In fkilful knitting of foft filken twine. Spenfer.
A pointed fword hung threat’ning o’er his head,
Suftain’d but by a flender twine of thread. Dryden.
2. Twift; convolution.
Nor all the gods befide
Longer dare abide,
Not Typhon huge ending in fnaky twine. Milton.
Welcome joy and feaft.
Braid your locks with roly twine.
Dropping odours, dropping wine. Milton.
3’ Embrace $ adl of convolving itfelf round.
Everlafting hate
The vine to ivy bears, but with am’rous twine
Clafps the tall elm. Philips.
To T. winge. v.a. [twingen, German ; twinge, Danifh.]
1. To torment with Hidden and fhort pain.
The gnat charg’d into the noftrils of the lion, and there
twing’d him till he made him tear himfelf, and fo mafter’d
him. . L’Efrange.
2. To pinch ; to tweak.
When a man is part his fenfe,
There’s no way to reduce him thence.
But twinging him by th’ ears and nofe.
Or laying on of heavy blows. Hudibras,
Twinge, n.f. [from the verb.J
J. Short fudden fliarp pain.
The wickednefs of this old villain ftartles me, and gives me
a twinge for my own fin, though farfliort of his. Dryd.
2. A tweak ; a pinch.
How can you fawn upon a mafter that gives you fo many
blows and twinges by the ears. L’EJlrange.
Twink. n.f [See Twinkle.] The motion of an eye;
a moment. Not in ufe.
She hung about my neck, and kifs on kifs
She vied fo faft, protefting oath on oath.
That in a twink the won me to her love. Shakefpeare.
ToTwi'nkle, v. n. [tpinclian, Saxon.]
1. To fparkle; to flafli irregularly; to fliine with intermitted
light ; to fliine faintly; to quiver.
At firft I did adore a twinkling flar.
But now I worfhip a celeftial fun. Shakefpeare.
As plays the fun upon the glaffey fireams,
Twinkling another counterfeited beam.
So feems this gorgeous beauty. Shakefpeare.
Some their forked tails ftretch forth on high.
And tear the twinkling ftars from trembling fky. Fairfax.
God comprifes all the goods we value in the creatures, as
the fun doth the light that twinkles in the ftars. Boyle.
The ftar of love,
That twinkles you to fair Almeyda’s bed. Dryden.
Think you your new French profelytes are come
To ftarve abroad, becaufe they ftarv’d at home.
Your benefices twinkl'd from afar. Dryden.
So weak your charms, that like a winter’s nwht,
Twinkling with ftars, they freeze me while they liaht. Dryd.
Thefe ftais do not twinkle when viewed through telefcopes
which have large apertures: for the rays of light" which pafs
through divers parts of the aperture, tremble each of them
apart ; and by means of their various, and fometimes contrarv
tremors, fall at one and the fame time upon different points
in the bottom of the eye. Newton
2. To open and fhut the eye by turns.
The owl fell a moping and twinkling. L’Ejlran<re.
3. To play irregularly. 6
His eyes will twinkle, and his tongue will roll.
As tho’ he beck’ned, and call’d baqk his foul,
Twi'NKLE. 1 r re 1 in
Twi'nkling. }"•/ [from the verb-J
j. A fparkling intermitting light; a motion of the eye
Donne.
T W I
Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye.
The damfel broke his mifintended dart. Spenfer.
I come, I come j the leaft twinkle had brought me to thee’
. \ n r r i-i . dryden
'
s Don SebaIlian.
2. A Ihort fpace, fuch as is taken up by a motion of the eye.
Money can thy wants at will fupply.
Shields, fteeds, and arms, and all things for thee meet
It can pourvey in twinkling of an eye. Fairy Queen.
Thefe falfe beauties of the ftage are no more laftino- than
a rainbow; when the adtor gilds them no longer wnh his
reflexion, they vanifh in a twinkling. Dryden.
The adtion, paflion, and manners of fo many perfons in
a picture, are to be difeerned in the twinkling of an eye, if
the fight could travel over fo many different objedls all at
rp°n^e' r ... Dryden.
I wi nling. n.f. [diminutive of twin.] A twin lamb; a
lamb of two brought at a birth.
Twinklings increafe bring. Tuffer's Hufb.
1 Wi NNER. n.f. [from twin.] A breeder of twins.
Ewes yeerely by twinning rich maifters do make,
The lambe of fuch twinners for breeders go take. Tuffer.
To Twirl, v. a. [from whirl.] To turn round ; to move by
a quick rotation. }
Wool and raw filk by moifture incorporate with other
thread ; efpecially if there be a little wreathing, as appeareth
by the twiftmg and twirling about of fpindles. Bacon.
Dextrous damfels twirl the fprinkling mop. Gay.
See ruddy maids,
Some taught with dextrous hand to twirlthe wheel. Dodfl.
Twirl, n.f. [from the verb.] J ’
1. Rotation j circular motion.
2. Twift 5 convolution.
The twirl on this is different from that of the others; this
being an heteroftropha, the twirls turning from the right-
'T r o Woodward on Fojfils.
1 o i Wtb 1 . v.a. [5etpiran, Saxon ; twijlen, Dutch.]
1. To form by complication ; to form by convolution.
Do but defpair.
And if thou want’ft a cord, the fmalleft thread
That ever fpider twijled from her womb,
Will {tangle thee. Shahfptare.
I o reprove difeontent, the ancients feigned, that in hell
itood a man twijling a rope of hay; and ftill he twifted on,
luftering an afs to eat up all that was finifhed. Taylor.
Would Clotho wafti her hands in milk.
And twifl our thread with gold and filk ; *
Would fhe in friendftiip, peace, and plenty,
Spin out our years to four times twenty.
And fhould we both in this condition.
Have conquer’d love, and worfe ambition,
Elfe thefe two paflions by the way,
May chance to fhew us feurvy play. Prior.
The talk were harder to fecure my own
Againft the pow’r of thofe already known ;
For well you twijl the fecret chains that bind
With gentle force the captivated mind. Lyttleton.
2. To contort; to writhe.
Either double it into a pyramidical, or twijl it into a ferpent,ne form. p
3. I o wreath; to wind; to encircle by fomething round
about. , 0
There are pillars of fmoke twifted about with wreaths of
Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
4. I o form; to weave.
If thou doft love fair Hero, cherifti it,
And thou fhalt have her : was’t not to this end
That thou began’ft to twijl fo fine a ftory ? Shakefpeare.
5. To unite by intertexture of parts.
All that know how prodigal
Of thy great foul thou art, longing to twift
Bays with that joy, which fo early kift
Thy youthful temples, with what" horror we
Think on the blind events of war. Wnlhr
. 1 o unite ; to mlinuate.
When avarice twijls itfelf, not only with the prance of
men, but the dodtrines of the church; when ecclefiafticks
difpute for money, the mifehief feems fatal. Decay of Piety.
To T. wist. v. n. To be contorted ; to be convolved.
In an ileus, commonly called the twijling of the guts, is a
circumvolution or infertion of one part of the gut within the
°thern • u u a, , , irhuthnot °n Aliments.
Deep in her brealt he plung’d the Ihining fword :
Th’Inachians view the flain with vaft furprize
Her twijling volumes, and her rolling eyes. * pot>e.
Twist, n.f. [from the verb.] 1
1. Any thing made by convolution, or winding two bodies
together. ®
Minerva nurs’d him
Within a Twijl of twining ofiers laid. Addifon.
2. A
S
»
T W I
A Tingle Tiring of a cord.
Winding a thin firing about the work, hazards its break¬
ing by the fretting of the feveral twifts againft one another.
Maxon's Mech. Exer.
3. A cord ; a firing. .
Through thefe labyrinths, not my grov’ling wit.
But thy filk twift3 let down from heav’n to me,
Did both conduct and teach me, how by it
To climb to thee. Herbert.
About his chin the twift
He ty’d, and foon the ftrangl’d foul difmifs’d. Dryden.
4. Contortion ; writhe.
Not the leaf! turn or twift in the fibres of any one animal,
which does not render them more proper for that particular
animal’s way of life than any other call or texture. Addifon.
5. The manner of twilling.
Jack fhrunk at firfl fight of it; he found fault with the
length, the thicknefs, and the twift. Arbuthnot.
Twi'ster. n. f. [from twift.One who twifts ; a ropemaker.
To this word I have annexed fome remarkable lines, which
explain twift in all its fenfes.
When a twifter a-twifling will twill him a twill.
For the twifling of his twift, he three twines doth intwifl j
But if one of the twines of the twift do untwifl,
' The twine that untwifleth untwifteth the twift.
Untwirling the twine that untwifteth between.
He twirls with his twifter the two in a twine;
Then twice having twilled the twines of the twine.
He twitcheth the twine he had twined in twain.
The twain that in twining before in the twine.
As twins were intwifted, he now doth untwine,
’Twixtthe twain intertwifling a twine more between.
He, twirling his twifter, makes a twift of the twine. Wallis.
To Twit. v. a. [eb/uzan, Saxon.] To fneer ; to flout; to
reproach.
When approaching the flormy flowers.
We mought with our fhoulders bear off the fharp fhowers.
And footh to faine, nought feemeth fike flrife.
That fhepherds fo twiten each other’s life. Spenfer.
When I protefl true loyally to her,
She twits me with my falfhood to my friend. Shakefpeare.
yEfop minds men of their errors without twitting them for
what’s amifs. L'Eftrange.
This thefe fcoffers twitted the Chriftians with. Tillotfon.
Galen bled his patients, till by fainting they could bear no
longer ; for which he was twitted in his own time. Baker.
To TWITCH, v. a. [zpiccian, Saxon.] To vellicate; to
pluck with a quick motion ; to fnatch ; to pluck with a hafty
motion.
He rofe, and twitch'd his mantle blue,
To-morrow to frefh woods, and paftures new. Adilton,
Twitch'd by the fleeve he mouths it more and more.
Dryden's Juvenal.
With a furious leap
She fprung from bed, diflurbed in her mind.
And fear’d at ev’ry ftep a twitching fpright behind. Dryd.
Thrice they twitch'd the diamond in her ear. Pope.
Twitch, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A quick pull; a fudden vellication.
But Hudibras give him a twitch,
As quick as light’ning in the breech. Hudibras.
The lion gave one hearty twitch, and got his feet out
of the trap, but left his claws behind. L'Eftrange.
2. A painful contradlion of the fibres.
Other confed’rate pairs
Contrail the fibres, and the twitch produce.
Which gently pufhes on the grateful food
To the wide ftomach, by its hollow road. Blackmore*
Mighty phyfical their fear is,
For foon as noife of combat near is.
Their heart defeending to their breeches,
Muft give their flomachs cruel twitches. Prior.
A fit of the flone is the cure, from the inflammation and
pain occafioning convulfive twitches. Sharp.
Twi'tchgrass. n.f. A plant.
Twitch-grafs is a weed that keeps fome land loofe, hollow,
and draws away the virtue of the ground. Mortimer.
To Twi'tter. v. n.
J. To make a fharp tremulous intermitted noife.
This muft be done,
Swallows twitter on the chimney-tops. Dryden*
They twitter chearful, till the vernal months
Invite them back. Thomfon.
2. To be fuddenly moved with any inclination. A low word.
A widow which had a twittering toward a fecond hufband,
took a goffipping companion to manage the jobb. L'E/lr.
Twi'tter. n.f. Any motion or diforder of paflionj fuch as
a violent fit of laughing, or fit of fretting.
I he ancient errant knights
Won all their ladies hearts in fights.
And cut whole giants into fritters.
To put them into amorous twitters. Hudibras.
T Y M
The moon was in a heavy twitter, that her eloaths never
fitted her. L'Eftrange.
Twittletwa'ttle. n. f. [A ludicrous reduplication of
twattle.] Tattle; gabble. A vile word.
Infipid twittletwatles, frothy jefts, and jingling witticifms,
inure us to a mifunderftanding of things. L'Eftrange.
’TWIXT. A contraction of betwixt.
Twilight, fhort arbiter 'twixt day and night. Milton.
Two. adj. [twai3 Gothick; zpu, Saxon.]
1. One and one.
Between two hawks, which flies the higher pitch j
Between two dogs, which hath the deeper mouth ;
Between two blades, which bears the better temper j
Between two horfes, which doth bear him belt;
Between two girls, which hath the merrieft eye,
I have fome (hallowTpirit ofjudgment. Shakefpeare.
Three words it will three times report, and then the two
latter for fome times. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
Fifteen chambers were to lodge us two and two tosether.
Bacon.
They lay
By two and two acrofs the common way. Dryden.
2. It is ufed in compofition.
Next to the raven’s age, the Pylian king
Was longeft liv’d of any two-\egg’d thing. Dryden.
A rational animal better deferibed man’s eftence, than a
two-legged animal, with broad nails, and without feathers.
Locke’s JVorks.
The /atf-fhap’d Eridthonius had his birth
Without a mother, from the teeming earth. Addifon.
Her regifter was a /zw-leaved book of record, one page
containing the names of her living, and the other of her deceafed members. Ayliffe.
Two-edged, adj. [two and edge.] Having an edge on either
fide.
Clarifta drew, with tempting grace,
A twoedg'd weapon from her fhining cafe. Pope.
Two'fold. adj. [two and fold.] Double.
Our prayer againft fudden death importeth a twofold defire,
that death when it cometh may give us fome convenient refpite, or if that be denied us of God, yet we may have wiifdom to provide always before hand. Hooker.
Through mirkfom air her ready way fhe makes,
Her twofold team, of which two black as pitch.
And two were brown, yet each to each unlike.
Did foftly fwim away. Fairy ^ueen*
O thou ! the earthly author of my blood,
Whofe .youthful fpirit in me regenerate,
Doth now with twofold vigour lift me up.
To reach at victory above my head,
Add proof unto mine armour with thy prayers.
And with thy bleffings fteel my lance’s point. Shakefp.
Our twofold feas wafh either fide. Dryden.
Time and place taken for diftinguilhable portions of fpace
and duration, have each of them a twofold acceptation. Locke.
Ewes, that erft brought forth but fingle lambs.
Now dropp’d their twofold burdens. Prior.
Holinefs may be taken in a twofold fenfe ; for that external
holinefs, which belongs to perfons or things, offered to God ;
or for thofe internal graces which fandtify our natures. Atterb.
Two'fold. adv. Doubly.
A profelyte you make twofold more the child of hell than
yourfelves. Matth. xxiii. 15.
Two'handed. adj. [two and hand.~\ Large; bulky; enor¬
mous of magnitude.
With huge twohanded fway,
Brandifh’d aloft, the horrid edge came down.
Wide wafting. _ Milton's Par. Loft.
If little, then (he’s life and foul all o’er ;
An Amazon, the large twohanded whore. Dryden.
Two'pence. n.f. A fmall coin, valued at twice a penny.
You all fhew like gilt tivopences to me. Shakefpeare.
To Tye. v.a. To bind. See Tie.
Tye. n. f See 7 ie. A knot; a bond or obligation.
Lay your
Command upon me ; to the which my duties
Are with a moft indilfoluble tye
For ever knit. Shakefpeare.
I have no tye upon you to be true.
But that which loofen’d your’s, my love to you. Dryden.
Honour’s a facred tye, the law of kings.
The noble mind’s diftinguifhing perfedfion.
That aids and ftrengthens virtue where it meets her,
And imitates her adtions where fhe is not. Addft Cato.
It ought not to be fported with ;
Lend me aid, I now conjure thee, lend,
By the loft tye and facred name of friend. Pope.
Ty'ger. n.f. See Tiger.
TYMBAL. n.f. [tymbal3 French.] A kind of kettle-drum*
Yet gracious charity ! indulgent gueft !
Were not thy pow’r exerted in my breaft;
Thofe
T Y P T Y R
My fpeeches would fend up unheeded pray’r:
The fcorn of life would be but wild defpair :
A tymbars found were better than my voice,
My faith were form, my eloquence were noife. Prior.
Tyke, n.f. [See Tike.] Tyke in Scottifh ftill denotes a
dog, or one as contemptible and vile as a dog, and from
thence perhaps comes league.
Bafe tyke, call'd thou me hod ? now,
By this hand, I fwear I fcorn the term. Shakefpeare.
TYMPANITES. n. f. [tu^C7ravfnif, from TVfATrocViTU, to
found like a drum.] T hat particular fort of droply that fwells
the belly up like a drum, and is often cured by tapping.
Ty'mpanum. n.f. A drum ; apart of the ear, fo called
from its refemblance to a drum.
I he three little bones in meatu auditorio, by firming the
tympanum, are a great help to the hearing. Wifeman.
Ty'mpany. n.f. [from tympanum, Lat.] A kind ofobflruCted
flatulence that fwells the body like a drum.
Hope, the chriftian grace, mud be proportioned and attemperate to the promife ; if it exceed that temper and pro¬
portion, it becomes a tumour and tysnpany of hope. Hamm.
He does not fihew us Rome great fuddenly;
As if the empire were a tympany,
But gives it natural growth, tells how and why
The little body grew fo large and high. Suckling.
Others that adeCt
A lofty flile, (well to a tympany. Rofcommon.
Pride is no more than an unnatural tympany, that rifes in a
bubble, and fpends itfelf in a blad ? L’Efrange.
Nor let thy mountain-belly make pretence
Of likenefs; thine’s a tympany of fenf'e.
A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ.
But fure thou’rt but a kilderkin of wit. Dryden.
The air is fo rarified in this kind of dropfical tumour as
makes it hard and tight like a drum, and from thence it is
called a tympany. A. buthnot.
Tyny. adj. Small.
He that has a little tyny wit,
Mud make content with his fortunes fit. Shakefpeare.
Type. n.f. [type, Fr. typus, Lat. two?.]
j. Emblem; mark of fomething.
Clean renouncing
The faith they have in tennis, and tall dockings.
Short bolfler’d breeches, and thofe types of travel.
And underdanding again the honed men. Shakefpeare...
Thy emblem, gracious queen, the Britifh rofe,
Type of fweet rule, and gentle majedy. . Prior.
2. That by which fomething future is prefigured.
Informing them by types r
And fhadows of that deflin’d feed to bruife
The lerpent, by what means he fliall atchieve
Mankind’s deliverance. Milton.
The Apodle fhews the Chriflian religion to be in truth
and fubflance what the Jewifli was only in type and fhadow.
Tillotfon's Sermons.
3. A damp ; a mark not in ufe.
Thy father bears the type of King of Naples,
Yet not fo wealthy as an Englidi yeoman. Shakefpeare.
What good is cover’d with the face of heav’n
To be dilcovered, that can do me good ?
— I h’advancement of your children, gentle lady,
•—Up to fome fcaffold, there to lofe their heads ;
•—No, to the dignity and height of fortune.
The high imperial type of this earth’s glory. Shakefpeare.
4.. A printing letter. >
Ty'pick. 1 n.f. [typique, Fr typicus, Lat.] Emblematical;
1 y'pjcal. J figurative of fomething elle.
The Levitical priedhood was only typical of the chriflian ;
which is fo much more holy and honourable than that, as
the inflitution of Chrift is more excellent than that of Mo¬
les. Atterbury.
Hence that many courfers ran,
Hand-in-hand, a goodly train,
To blefs the great Eliza’s reign;
And in the typic glory fhow
What fuller blifs Maria fliall beflow.
Ty'pICALLY. adv. [from typical.] In a typical manner.
This excellent communicativenefs of the divine nature is
typically reprefented, and myderieufly exemplified by the Porphyrian fcalc of being. Norris.
Ty'picalness. n.f. [from typical ] The date of being ty¬
pical.
ToTy'pify. v a. [from type.] To figure; to fhew in em¬
blem.
The rcfurreCtion of ChriA hath the power of a pattern to
us, and is fo upified in baptifm, as an engagement to rife to
newnefs of life. Hammorid.
Our Saviour was typified indeed by the goat that was (lain ;
at the efl'ufion of whole blood, not only the hard hearts of
his enemies relented, but the flony rocks and vail of the
temple were At altered. Brown’s Vulg. Errours,
l
Prior.
Typo'grapher. ad. [-nAre? and pfoKpu.] A printer.
Typographical, adj. [from typography.]
1. Emblematical; figurative.
2. Belonging to the printer’s art.
Typographical ly. adv. [from typographical.]
1. Emblematically; figuratively.
2. After the manner of printers.
TYPO'GRAPHY. n. f. [typographic, Fr. typographia, Lat.]
1. Emblematical, figurative, or hieroglyphical reprefentation.
Thofe diminutive and pamphlet treatifes daily publiflicd
amongfl us, are pieces containing rather typography than ve¬
rity. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
2. The art of printing.
Tyra'nness. n. f. [from tyrant.] A {he tyrant.
They were by law ofthat proud tyrannefs,
Provok’d with wrath and envy’s falfe furmife.
The tyrannefs doth joy to fee
The huge maflacres which her eyes do make.
Tyrannical. S n’^' Ltyrannus, Latin ; tyrannique, French ;
Tyra'nNicic. * y Tu^avimtoV.] Suiting a tyrant; adding like
C a tyrant; cruel ; defpotick ; imperious.
Charge him home that affeCts
Tyrannic power. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
You have contriv’d to take
From Rome all feafon’d office, and to wind
Yourfelf into a power tyrannical. Shakefpeare*.
Domitian had been tyrannical; and in his time manv
noble houfes were overthrown by falfe accufations. Bacon.
Our feChs a more tyrannick power aflume,
And would for fcorpions change the rods of Rome. Rofc.
Subdue and quell, o’er all the earth.
Brute violence, and proud tyrannick pow’r. Milton.
If the fpirit of a fubjeCt be rebellious, in a prince it will be
Fairy Sfiu.
Spenfer.
Staylor.
Denham.
Pope.
manner of a
Fairy Sfiueen.
Shakefpeare.
Milton.
tyrannical and intolerable
She hath recourfe
To tears and prayers, again fhe feels the fmart
Of a frefh wound from the tyrannick dart.
And by the nobles, by his commons curd,
Th’ opprefi'or rul’d tyrannick where he durfl;
Stretch’d o’er the poor and church his iron rod.
And treats alike his vaflals and his God.-
TyRa'nnically. adv. [from tyrannical.] In
tyrant.
Tyra'nnicide. n.f. [tyrannus and ceedo, Latin.] The a£t of
killing ajyrgnt. „ . „
To Ty'rannise. v.n. [jtyranifer, Fr. from tyrant.] To play
the tyrant; to adt with rigour and imperioufnefs.
While we trud in the mercy of God thro’ ChriA Jefus, fear
will not be able to tyrannfe over us. Hooker.
Then gan Carauiius t)rannife anew.
And gainfl the Romans bent their proper power,
And fo Aledtus treacheroufly flew.
And took on him die robe of Emperor.
I made thee miferable,
What time I threw the people’s fuffrages
On him, that thus doth ty> annife o’er me.
A crew, whom like ambition joins
With him, or under him to tyrannije.
Beauty had crown’d you, and you mud have been
The whole world’s midrefs, other than a queen;
All had been rivals, and you might have fpar’d.
Or kill’d and tyrannis’d without a guard. Waller.
He does violence to his own faculties, tyrannifes over his
own mind, and ufurps the prerogative that belongs to truth
alone, which is to command aflent by its own authority.
Locke’s Works.
Tyrannous, adj. [from tyrant.] Tyrannical; defpotick;
arbitrary ; fevere ; cruel; imperious. Not in ufe.
It is drange to fee the unmanlike cruelty of mankind, who,
not content with their tyrannous ambition, to have brought the
others virtuous patience under them, think their maflerhood
nothing without doing injury to them. Sidney.
Lately grown into a loathing and deteflation of the unjufl
and tyrannous rule of Harold an ufurper. Spenfer.
Betwixt two charming words, comes in my father,
And, like the tyrannous breathing of the north.
Shakes all our buds from blowing. Shakefpeare.
Subjection to his empire tyranous. Milton.
’Tis excellent
To have a giant’s drength ; but it is tyrannnous
To ufe it like a giant. Shakefpeare.
Fear you his tyrannous paffion more, alas !
Than the queen’s life. Shakefpeare.
After the death of this tyrannous and ambitious king, thefe
writings came abroad. Temple.
Tyranny, n.f. [tyrannis, Latin; rupavvl? ; tyrannies Fr.J
1. Abfolute monarchy imperioufly adminidered.
Our grand foe,
Who now triumphs, and, in th’ excefs of joy,
Sole reigning holds the tyranny of hqav’n. Milton.
7 28 Z The
T Y-R
The cities fell often under tyrannies, which fpring natu¬
rally out of popular governments. Temple.
1. Unrefifted and cruel power.
Boundlefs intemperance
In nature is a tyranny ; it hath been
7 h’untimely emptying of the happy throne,
And fall of many kings. Sbakefpeare.
3. Cruel government; rigorous command.
Bleed, bleed, poor country !
Great tyranny lay thou thy bafts fure,
For goodnefs dares not check thee. Shakefpeare.
Sufpicions difpole kings to tyranny, and hulbands to jealoufy. . . . ' BaconGod in judgment juft,
Subjects him from without to violent lords ;
Who oft as undefervedly inthral
His outward freedom ; tyranny muft be. Milton.
4. Severity; rigour; inclemency.
The tyranny o’ the open night’s too rough
For nature to endure. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
TYRA'NT. n. f [tv'pavv& ; tyrannus, Latin. Rowland
contends that this word, with the correfpondent Greek and
Latin, is derived from tir, Welch and Erfe, land, and rhanner, Welch, to fhare, q. d. tirbanner, a (harer, or divider of
and among his vaffals.J
T Y R
1. An abfolute monarch governing imperioufly.
2. A cruel defpotick and fevere mafter j an oppreflor.
Love to a yielding heart is a king, but to a refilling is a
tyrant. Sidney, b. i.
I would not be the villain that thou think’ft,
For the whole fpace that’s in the tyrant's grafp,
And the rich eaft to boot. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
Diflembling courtefy ! how fine this tyrant
Can tickle where (he wounds ! Shakefp. Cymb.
The houfe of woe, and dungeon of our tyrant. Milton.
Confider thofe grand agents and lieutenants of the devil, by
whom he fcourges and plagues the world under him, to wit,
tyrants; and was there ever any tyrant who was not alfo falfe
and perfidious ! South's Sermons.
Thou meant’ft to kill a tyrant, not a king. Dryden.
When tyrant cuftom had not (hackl’d man,
But free to follow nature was the mode. Thomfon.
Tyre. n.f [Properly tire.] Seel ire.
I have feen her befet and bedecked all over with emeralds
and pearls, ranged in rows about the tyre of her head.
Hakewill on Providence.
Tyro. n.f. [Properly tiro, as in the Latin.] One yet not
mafter of his art; one in his rudiments.
There (lands a ftrudlure on a rifing hill.
Where tyro's take their freedom out to kill. Garth's Difp.
\
U.
V
Vac V A G
VHas two powers, exprefied in modern Englifo by
two characters, Vconfonant and Uvowel,which
ought to be considered as two letters j but as
a they were long confounded while the two
. Jr nles were annexed to one form, the old cuftom
lull continues to be followed.
. U> the vowel, has two founds; one clear, exprelTed at other
times by eu, as ebtufe; v the other clofe, and approaching to
the Italian u, or Englifli oo, as obtund.
Vy the confonant, has a found nearly approaching to thofe
of b and f. Vi ith b it is by the Spaniards and Gafcons always
confounded, and in the Runick alphabet is exprefied by the
fame character with f, diftinguifhed only by a diacritical
point. Its found in Englifo is uniform. It is never mute.
Va'cancy. n.f. [from vacant.]
I.Empty fpace; vacuity.
How is’t
That thus you bend your eye on vacancy,
And with th’incorporal air do hold difeourfe ? Sh. Hamlet.
2.Chafm ; fpace unfilled.
The reader finds a wide vacancy, and knows not how to
tranfport his thoughts to the next particular, for want of
fome connecting idea. Watts's Logick.
3.[Vacance, Fr.] State of a poll or employment when it is un¬
applied.
In the vacancy of a bifhop, the guardian of the fpiritualities
was fummon’d to parliament in the bifoop’s room. Ayliffe.
4.[Vacances, Fr.] Time of leifure; relaxation ; intermiffion ;
time unengaged.
If, fometimes, each other’s eyes we meet,
Thofe little vacancies from toil are fweet. Dryd. St. of In.
The daily intervals of time and vacancies from necefiary
labour, together with the one day in feven in the chriftian
world, allow fufficient time. IVatts.
5.Liftlefsnefs ; emptinefs of thought.
When alone, or in company, they fit ftill without doinoany thing, I like it worfe ; for all difpofitions to idienefs or
vacancy, even before they are habits, are dangerous. Watton.
VA'CANT. adj. [vacant, Fr. vacans, Latin.]
I.Empty; unfilled; void.
Why foould the air fo impetuoufly rufo into the cavity of
the receiver, if there were before no vacant room to re¬
ceive it. . . Boyle's Works.
A better race to bring into their vacant room. Milton.
2. Free ; unencumbered ; uncrouded.
Religion is the intereft of all; but philofophy of thofe
only that are at leifure, and vacant from the affairs of the
W°a * i- More’s Divine Dialogues.
A very little part of our life is fo vacant from uneafineffes,
as to leave us free to the attraction of remoter good. Locke.
3.Not filled by an incumbent, or poffeffor.
Left the fiend invade vacant poffeffion. Milton.
Others when they allowed the throne vacant, thought the
fucceffion foould immediately go to the next heir. Swift.
4.Being at leifure ; difengaged. J
They which have the government, foatter the army
abroad, and place them in villages to take their viduals of
them, at fuch vacant times as they lie not in camp. Spenfer.
Sir John Berkley was the more vacant for that fervice by
the reduction of Barnftaple. Clarendon.
The memory relieves the mind in her vacant moments,
and prevents any chafms of thought, by ideas of what is
Pa^- Addifon.
5- Thoughtlefs; empty of thought; not bufy.
The wretched Have,
Who, with a body fill’d, and vacant mind.
Gets him to reft, cramm’d with diftrefsful bread. Shake/.
The duke had a pleafant and vacant face, proceeding from
a fingular ailurance in his temper. IVotton's Buck.
Some vain amufement of a vacant foul. Irene.
ToVa'cate. v. a. [vaco, Latin.]
I.To annul; to make void; to make of no authority.
That after-aCt vacating the authority of the precedent, tells
the world that fome remorfe touched even Strafford’s moft
implacable enemies. K. Charles*
2. 1 o make vacant; to quit poffeffion of.
3. To defeat; to put an end to.
He vacates my revenge ;
For while he trufts me, ’twere fo bafe a part
To fawn, and yet betray. Dryden.
Vacation, n.J. [vacation, Fr. vacatio, Latin.]
1. Intermiffion of juridical proceedings, or any other ftated
employments ; recefs of courts or fenates.
Vacation is all that time which pafles between term and
term, at London. CoweL
As thefe clerks want not their full task of labour during
t e open term, fo there is for them whereupon to be occupied
in the vacation only. Bacon Off, of Ahenat.
2. L/eifure; freedom from trouble or perplexity.
Benefit of peace, quiet, and vacation for piety, have ren¬
dered it necefiary in every chriftian commonwealth, by laws
to fecure propriety. Hammond's Fundamentals.
accary. n.f. [vacca, Latin.] a cow-houfe; a cow-pafture. p v
XT r Bailey*
vaci li-Ancy. n.f. [vacillans, from vacillo, Lat. vacillant, Fr.]
A irate of wavering; fiuftuation; inconftancy. Not much
in ufe.
I deny that all mutability implies imperfeCtion, though fome
does, as that vacillancy in human fouls, and fuch mutations
as are found in corporeal matter. More’s Divine Dialogues.
Vacilla'tjon. n. f [vacillation from vacilld, Lat. vacillation,
I*1"-] The aCt or ftate of reeling or ftaggering.
The muffles keep the body upright, and prevent its falling,
by readily affifting againft every vacillation. Derham.
Va'cuist. n.f [from vacuum.] A philofopher that holds a
vacuum: oppofed to a plenifl.
Thofe fpaces, which the vacuijls would have to be empty,
becaufe they are manifeftly devoid of air, the plenifts do not
prove replenifoed with fubtle matter. Boyle.
Vacua tion. n.f [vacuus, Latin.] The aCtof emptying. Did}.
Vacuity, n.f. [vacuitas, from vacuus, Lat. vacuite, Fr.]
1. Emptinefs ; State of being unfilled.
Hunger is fuch a ftate of vacuity, as to require a frefo fupply of aliment. Arlatbmt.
2. opace unfilled ; fpace unoccupied.
. In filing up vacuities, turning out foadows and ceremo¬
nies, by explicit prefeription of fubftantial duties, which
thofe foadows did obfeurely reprefent. Hammond's Fiind.
He, that feat foon failing, meets
A vaft vacuity. Milton
Body and fpace are quite different things, and a Vacuity is
interfperfed among the particles of matter. Bentley.
God, who alone can anfwer all our longings, and fill every
vacuity of our foul, foould intirely poffefs our heart. Ropers
3. Inanity ; want of reality. &
The foul is feen, like other things, in the mirror of its
effects : but if they’ll run behind the glafs to catch at it
their expectations will meet with vacuity and emptinefs. Glanv.
Va'cuous. adj. [vacuus, Lat. vacue, Fr.J Empty; unfilled
koundlefs the deep, becaufe I AM who fill
Infinitude: nor vacuous the fpace. ' Milton's Par 7'
VA'CUUM. n.f. [Latin.] Space unoccupied by matter * '
Our enquiries about vacuum, or fpace and atom’s will
foew us fome good practical leflons. jy
To Vade. v. n [vado, Latin.] To vanifo ; to pafs away. SpenJer. A word ufeful in poetry, but not received t
Be ever gloried here thy fovereign name
Thae ,hou may'ft (mile on all which thou Laft made,
Whofe frown alone can (hake this earthly frame,
V “,W|touch the hills in fmoak drill vade. Wottm.
Vagaisond. adj. [vagabundusi low Latin, vagabond, Fr.J
1 ’home*11 enn^ Wlt^0ut any fettled habitation; wanting a
29 A Let-
V A I V A I
Let them pronounce the fteep Tarpeian death ;
Vagabond exile : yet I wou’d not buy
Their mercy at the price of one fair word. Shakef. Cor.
A vagabond debtor may be cited in whatever place or jurifdi&ion he is found. Ayliffe's Parergon.
2.Wandering; vagrant.
This common body*
Like to a vagabond flag upon the ftream,
Goes to, and back, lacquying the varying tide. Shake/
Their prayers by envious winds
Blown vagabond or fruftrate. Milton.
Va'gabond. n.f. [from the adj.]
1. A vagrant; a wanderer, commonly, in a fenfe of reproach.
We call thofe people wanderers and vagabonds., that have
no dwelling-place. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
Reduced, like Hannibal, to feek relief
From court to court, and wander up and down
A vagabond in Afric. Addifon s Cato.
2. One that wanders illegally, without a fettled habitation.
Vagabond is a perfon without a home. Watts.
Vagary, n.f. [from vagus, Latin.] A wild freak; a capri¬
cious frolick.
They chang’d their minds,
Flew off", and into ftrange vagaries fell,
As they wou’d dance. Milton s Par. Lojl. b. vi. 1. 613.
Would your fon engage in fome frolic, or take a vagary,
were it not better he Ihould do it with, than without your
knowledge ? Locke on Education, § 97.
Vaginope'nnous. n.f. [vagina and penna, Latin.] Sheath¬
winged ; having the wings, covered with hard cafes.
Vagous. adj. [vagus, Lat. vague, Fr.] Wandering; un¬
fettled. Not in ufe.
Such as were born and begot of a fingle woman, thro’ a
vagous lull, were called Sporii. Ayliffe.
Va'grancy. n- f [from vagrant.'] A ftate of wandering;
unfettled condition.
Va'grant. adj. Wandering; unfettled; vagabond; unfixed
in place.
Do not oppofe popular miftakes and furmifes, or vagrant
and fictitious ftories. More's Divine Dialogues.
Take good heed what men will think dnd fay;
That beauteous Emma vagrant courfes took,
Her father’s houfe, and civil life forfook. Prior.
Her lips no living bard, I weet.
May fay how red, how round, how fweet 5
Old Homer only could indite
Their vagrant grace, and foft delight:
They fiand recorded in his book.
When Helen fmil’d, and Hebe fpoke. Prior.
VA'GRANT. n.f. [vagant, Fr.] A fturdy beggar; wan¬
derer; vap-abond ; man unfettled inhabitation. In an ill fenfe.
Vagrants and outlaws fhall offend thy view.
Train’d to aifault, and difeiplin’d to kill. Prior.
You’ll not the progrefs of your atoms ftay,
Nor to colled! the vagrants find a way. Blackmore.
To relieve the helplefs poor; to make fturdy vagrants re¬
lieve themfelves ; to hinder idle hands from being mifehievous, are things of evident ufe. F. Atterbury.
Ye vagrants of the fky,
To right or left, unheeded, take your way. Pope.
VaguEi adj. [vague, Fr. vagus, Latin.]
1. Wandering; vagrant; vagabond.
Gray encouraged his men to let upon the vague villains,
good neither to live peaceably, nor to fight. Hayward.
2. Unfixed 3 unfettled ; undetermined ; indefinite.
The perception of being, or not being, belongs no more
to thefe vague ideas, fignified by the terms, whatloever and
thing, than it does to any other ideas. Locke.
Vail. n.f. [voile, French. This word is now frequently
written veil, from velum, Latin; and the verb veil, from the
verb vela ; but the old orthography commonly derived it, I
believe rightly, from the French.]
.1, A curtain ; a cover thrown over any thing to be concealed.
While they fuppofed to lie hid in their fecret fins, they
were fcattered under a dark vail of forgetfulnefs. Wifdom.
2. A part of female drefs, by which the face and part of the
fhape is concealed.
3. Money given to fervants. It is commonly ufed in the plural.
See Vale.
To Vail. v.a. To cover. See Veil.
To Vail. v. a. [avaller le bonet, French.]
1. 1 o let fall; to fuffer to defeend.
They itifly refilled to vail their bonnets, which is reckoned
intollerable contempt by feafarers. Carew.
The virgin ’gan her beavoir vale.
And thank’d him firft, and thus began her tale. Fairfax.
2. To let fall in token of refpedt.
Certain of the I urks gallics, which would not vail their
top-lails, the V enetians fiercely affailed. Knolles's Hijl.
They had not the ceremony of veiling the bonnet in lalulations; for, in medals, they itill have it on their heads. Add.
3.To fall; to let fink in fear, or for any other intereft.
That furious Scot,
’Gan vail his flomach, and did grace the fhame
Of thofe that turn’d their backs. Shakefpeare.
To Vail. v. n. To yield ; to give place ; to fhew refpedt by
yielding. In this fenfe, the modern writers have ignorantly
written veil.
Thy convenience muff veil to thy neighbour’s neceflity;
and thy very neceffities muft yield to thy neighbour’s ex¬
tremity.
VAIN. adj. [vain, Fr. vanus, Latin.]
1. Fruitless; ineffedtual.
Let no man fpeak again
To alter this ; for counfel is but vain.
Vain is the force of man,
To crufh the pillars which the pile fuftain.
2. Empty ; unreal; fhadowy.
Before the paffage horrid Hydra Hands,
Gorgons, Geryon with his triple frame.
And vain chimera, vomits empty flame.
South.
Shakefpeare.
Dryden.
Dryden's ALn.
Pope.
Pope.
Pope.
Unmov’d his eyes, and wet his beard appears;
And fhedding vain, but feeming real tears. Dryden.
3. Meanly proud; proud of petty things.
No folly like vain glory; nor any thing more ridiculous
than for a vain man to be ftill boafting of himfelf. If.Ejtran.
He wav’d a torch aloft, and, madly vain.
Sought godlike worfhip from a fervile train. Dryden.
The minftrels play’d on ev’ry fide.
Vain of their art, and for the maftery vy’d. Dryden.
To be vain is rather a mark of humility than pride.
Vain men delight in telling what honours have been uone
them, what great company they have kept, and the like ;
by which they plainly confefs, that thefe honours were more
than their due, and liich as their friends would not believe,
if they had not been told : whereas a man truly proud, thinks
the honours below his merit, and fcorns to boaft. Swift.
Ah friend ! to dazzle let the vain defign ;
To raife the thought, and touch the heart, be thine.
View this marble, and be vain no more.
4. Shewy; oftentatious.
Load fome vain church with old theatrick ftate.
5. Idle ; worthlefs ; unimportant.
Both all things vain, and all who in vain things
Built their fond hopes of glory, or lafting fame,
Gr happinefs. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
He heard a grave philofopher maintain.
That all the adtions of our life were vain.
Which with our fenfe of pleafure not confpir’d. Denham•
To your vain anfwer will you have recourfe,
And tell ’tis ingenite adiive force. Blackmore.
6. Falfe ; not true.
7. In Vain. To no purpofe; to no end ; ineffectually ; with¬
out eftedt.
He tempts in vain. Milton.
Providence and nature never did any thing in vain. L'Ejlr.
Strong Halys Hands in vain ; weak Phlegys flies. Dryd.
The philofophers of old did in vain enquire whether fummum bonum confifted in riches, bodily delighfs, virtue, or
contemplation. Locke.
If we hope for what we are not likely to poflefs, we adt
and think in vain, and make life a greater dream and fhadow
than it really is. Addifons Spectator.
If from this difeourfe one honeft man fhall receive fatisfadtion, I fhall think, that I have not written nor lived in
vain. Weft on the Rcfurredlion.
Vainglo'rious. adj. [vanus and gloriofus, Latin.] Boafting
without performances; proud in difproportion to defert.
Vain-glorious man, when fiutt’ring wind does blow.
In his light wings is lifted up to Iky. Fairy jhteen.
Strength to glory afpires
Vain-glorious, and through infamy feeks fame.. Milton.
This his arrogant and vain-glorious expreffion witnefleth.Hale.
Vainglory, n. f. [vana gloria, Latin.] Pride above merit;
empty pride ; pride in little things.
He had nothing of vain-glory, but yet kept ftate and majefty to the height; being fenfible, that majefty maketh the
people bow, but vain-glory boweth to them. Bacon's Hen. VII.
Expofe every blaft of vain-glory, every idle thought, to be
chaftened by the rod of fpiritual difeipline. Taylor.
'Phis extraordinary perfon, out of his natural averfion to
vain-glo’y, wrote feveral pieces, which he did not allume the
honour of. Addifon.
A monarch’s fword, when mad vain-glory draws ;
Not Waller’s wreath can hide the nation’s icar.
Vai'nly. adv. [from vain.]
1. Without eftedt; to no purpofe ; in vain.
Our cannons malice vainly fhall be lpent
Againft th’ invulnerable clouds of hcav’n. Shakefp.
In weak complaints you vainly wafte your breath ;
They are not tears that can revenge his death. Dryden.
2. Proudly; arrogantly.
My forepaft proofs, howe’er the matter fall.
Pope.
Shall
V A L V A L
Shall tax my fears of little vanity,
Having vainly fear’d too little. _ Shakefpeare.
Humility teaches us to think neither vainly nor vauntingly
of ourfelves. Delariy.
3. Idly ; foolifhly.
Nor vainly hope to be invulnerable. Milton.
If Lentulus be ambitious, he fhall be vainly credulous;
prefuming his advancement to be decreed by the Sybilline
' oracles. Grew's Cofmol.
Va'inness. n.f [from vain.] The ftate of being vain. Pride;
falfhood ; emptinefs.
I hate ingratitude more in a man,
r Than ¥ng> vainnefs, babbling. Sbakefpeare.
Va'ivode. n.f. [ivaiwod, a governor, Sclavonian.] A prince
of the Dacian provinces.
\ A'LANCE. n.J. [from Valencia, whence the ufe of them
came. Skinner.] The fringes or drapery hanging round the
teller and Head of a bed.
My houfe
Is richly furnifhed with plate and gold;
Valance of Venice, gold in needlework. Shakfpeare.
Thruft the valance of the bed, that it may be full in
%ht- Swift.
To Vala'nce. v. a. [from the noun.] To decorate with dra¬
pery. Not in ufe.
Old friend, thy face is valancd fince
I faw thee laft; corn’ll thou to beard me. Sbakef
Vale. n.f. [val, Fr. vallis, Latin.]
r. A low ground ; a valley; a place between two hills. Vale
is a poetical word.
In Ida vale : who knows not Ida vale ?
An hundred Ihepherds woned. Spenfer.
Met in the vale of Arde. Sbakefp. Hen. VIII.
Anchifes, in a flow’ry vale,
Review’d his muller’d race, and took the tale. Dryden.
2. [! rom avails profit; or vale, farewell. If from avail, it mull
be written vail, as Dryden writes. If from vale, which I
think is right, it mull be vale.] Money given to fervants.
Since our knights and fenators account
1 o what their fordid, begging vails amount;
Judge what a wretched lhare the poor attends,
Whofe whole fubfiftence on thofe alms depends. Dryden.
Hisrevenue, befides vales, amounted to thirty pounds. Swift.
Valedi'ction. n. f [valedico, Lat.] A farewel. AinjW.
A valediEhon forbidding to weep. Donne.
Valedi'ctory. adj. [from valedico, Lat.] Bidding farewel.
Valentine, n.f A fweetheart, chofen on Valentine’s day.
Now all nature Teem’d in love,
And birds had drawn their valentines. Wotton.
Vale'RIAN. n. f. [Valeriana, Lat. valerian, Fr.] A plant.
The leaves grow by pairs oppofite upon the llalks; the
flower confills of one leaf, divided into live fegments ; thefe
are fucceeded by oblong flat feeds. Miller.
VALET, n.f \yalet, French.] A waiting fervant.
Giving call-clothes to be worn by valets, has a very
ill efieCl upon little minds. Addifon.
Valetudinarian. ) adj. [valetudinaire, Fr. valetudo, Lat.]
Valetudinary. J Weakly; flckly; infirm of health.
Phyftc, by purging noxious humours, prevents fteknefs in
the healthy, or recourfe thereof in the valetudinary. Browne.
Shifting from the warmer vallies, to the colder hills, or
from the hills to the vales, is a great benefit to the valetudi¬
narian, feeble part of mankind. Derham.
Cold of winter, by flopping the pores of perfpiration,
keeps the warmth more within ; whereby there is a greater
quantity of fpirits generated in healthful animals, for the cafe
is quite otherwife in valetudinary ones. Cbeyne's Phil. Brin.
Vdetudinarians mull live where they can command and
fcold. Swift.
Valiance. n.f. [from valiant; valliance, Fr.] Valour; perfonal puiflance ; fiercenefs ; bravery.
With lliff force he Ihook his mortal lance,
To let him weet his doughty valiance. Spenfer.
VA LIAN T. adj. [vaillant, French.] Stout; perfonally puiffant; brave.
Only be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord’s bat¬
ik8* I Sam. xviii. 17.
A fon of Jefle, a mighty valiant man. 1 Sam. xvi. 18.
Va'liantly. adv. [from Valiant.] Stoutly; with perfonal
Ilrength ; with perfonal bravery.
Farewel, kind lord ; fight valiantly to-day :
Thou art fram’d of the firm truth of valour. Sbakef.
It was the duty of a good foldier valiantly to withftand his
enemies, and not to be troubled with any evil hap. Knolles.
Va'liantness. n.f. [from valiant.] Valour; perfonal bra¬
very ; puiflance ; fiercenefs ; ftoutnefs.
Thy valiantnefs was mine ; thou fuck’dft it from me. Sh.
Achimetes having won the top of the walls, by the valiantnefs of the defendants was forced to retire. Knolles.
Shew not thy valiantnefs in wine. Ecclus, xxxi. 25.
VA'LID. adj. [validc, Fr. validus, Latin ]
1. Strong; powerful; efficacious; prevalent.
Perhaps more valid arrins,
Weapons more violent, when next we meet
May ferve to better us, and worfe our foes. Milton.
2. Having force; prevalent; weighty; conclufive.
A difference in their fentiments as to particular queflions,
is no valid argument againft the general truth believed by
them, but rather a clearer and more folic! proof of it. Stephens.
Validity, n.f [validite. Fr. from valid.]
1. Force to convince ; certainty.
You are perfuaded of the validity of that famous verfo,
’Tis expectation makes a blefling dear.
2. Value. A fenfe not ufed.
To thee and thine,
Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom ;
No lets in (pace, validity, and pleafure,
Than that conferr’d on Gonerill. Shakefpeare.
Va LLancy. n.J. [from valance.] A large wig that tirades the
face.
Hut you, loud Sirs, who through your curls look big,
Criticks in plume and white valiancy wig. Dryden.
Valley, n.f [valiee, fr. vallis, Latin.] A low ground ; a
hollow between hills.
Live with me, and be my love,
And we will all the pleafure prove.
That hills and vallies yield. Raleigh,
Vlilies' are the intervals betwixt mountains. JVoodward.
Sweet interchange of hill and valley. Milton.
Va'lorous. adj. [from valour.] Brave; flout; valiant.
The famous warriors of the antique world
Us’d trophies to erect in {lately wile,
In which they would the records have enroll’d.
Of their great deeds and valorous emprife. Spenfer.
Captain Jamy is a marvellous valorous gentleman. Sbakef
VA'LOUR. n, f. [valeur, Fr. valor, Latin. Asnf] Perfonal
bravery; ftrength ; prowefs ; puiflance; ftoutnefs.
That I may pour the fpirits in thine ear.
And chaftile, with the valour of my tongue,
All that impedes thee. Shakefpeare's Macbetb.
Here I contefl
As hotly and as nobly with thy love.
As ever in ambitious ftrength I did
Contend againft thy valour. Shakespeare's Cofiolanus*
When valour preys on reafon,
It eats the fwor-d it fights with. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cl'eO.
An innate valour appeared in him, when he put himfelf
upon the foldiers defence, as he received themortal flab. Howel.
For contemplation he, and valour form’d ;
For foftnefs fhe, and fweet attractive grace. Milton.
Such were thefe giants; men of high renown !
For, in thofe days, might only fhall be admir’d,
And valour, and heroic virtue, call’d. Milton.
Valour gives awe, and promifes protection to thofe who
want heart or ilrength to defend themfelves. This makes
the authority of men among women ; and that of a mafterbuck in a numerous herd. Temple's Mifcel.
Valuable, adj. \yalable, Fr. from value.]
1. Precious; being of great price.
2. Worthy; deferving regard.
A juft account of that valuable perfon, whofe remains lie
before us. T. Atterburfs Serin.
The value of feveral circumftances in ftory, leflens very
much by diftance of time ; though fome minute circumftances
are very valuable. Swift's Thoughts.
Valua'tion. n.f. [from value.]
1. Value fet upon any thing.
No reafon I, fince of your lives you fet
So flight a valuation, ihould referve
My crack’d one to more care. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
7 ake out of men’s minds falfe valuations, and it would
leave the minds of a number of men, poor fhrunken
things- • . _ Bacon.
The writers exprefled not the valuation of the denarius,
without regard to its prefent valuation. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. The aCt of fetting a value; appraifement.
Humility in man confills not in denying any gift that is in
him, but in a juft valuation of it, rather thinking too
meanly than too highly. Ray on the Creation„
Valua'tor. n.f [from value.] An appraifer; one who fets
upon any thing its price. '
What valuators will the bifhops make ufe of? Swift.
VALUE. n.J'. [value, Fr. valor, Lat.]
1. Price ; worth.
Ye are phyftcians of no value. x;jj
2. High rate. J
Caefar is well acquainted with your virtues.
And therefore fets this value on your life ;
Let him but know the price of Cato’s friendfhip,
And name your terms. Addifon's Cato,
3. Rate ; price equal to the worth of the thing bought.
He lent him money; it was with this obiTging teftimonv,
that his defign was not to pay him the value of his pictures,
bccaufe they were above any price. Dryden<
Jt To
VAN V A N
lo Value, v. a. [valoir, Fr. from the noun.]
J. 1 orate at a certain price.
When the country grows betterinhabited, the tithes and other
obvcntions will be more augmented, and better valued. Spenfer.
A mind valuing his reputation at the due price, will repute
all difhoneft gain much inferior thereunto. Carciv's Survey.
God alone values right the good* Milton.
2. To rate highly ; to have in high efteem.
Some of the fineft treatifes in dialogue, many very valued
pieces of French* Italian, and Englifh appear. Addifon.
He values himfelf upon the companion with which he re¬
lieved the affli&ed. Atterbury's Sermons.
To him your orchard’s early fruits are due,
A pleafing off’ring, when ’tis made by you ;
He values thefe. Pope.
3. To appraife ; to eftimate.
If he be poorer than eflimation, the prieft fhall value
him. Lev. xxvii. S.
4. To be worth; to be equal in worth to.
The peace between the French and us not values
The coll that did conclude it. Shakespeare''s Hen. VIII.
5. To take account of.
If a man be in ficknefs, the time will feem longer without
a clock .than with ; for the mind doth value every mo¬
ment. Bacon.
6. To reckon at, with refpe£t to number or power.
The queen is valued thirty thoufand ftrong :
Her faction will be full as ftrong as ours. Shakefpeare.
7. To confider with refpedl to importance ; to hold important.
The king muft take it ill,
So flightly valued in his meffenger. Shakefpear's K. Lear.
Neither of them valued their promifes, according to rules
of honour or integrity. Clarendon, b. viii.
8. To equal in value; to countervail.
It cannot be valued with the gold of ophir. Job. xxviii. 16.
9. To raife to eftimation.
She ordered all things, refilling the wifdom of the wifeft,
by making the poffeffor thereof miferable ; valuing the folly
of the moft foolifh, by making the fuccefs prolperous. Sidney.
Some value themfelves to their country by jealoufies of the
crown. Temple.
Vanity, or a defire of valuing ourfelves by fhewing others
faults. Temple.
Va'lueless. adj. [from value.] Being of no value.
A counterfeit
Refembling majefty ; which, touch’d and tried.
Proves valuelejs. Shakejpeare’s K. John.
Va'luer. n.f [from value.'] He that values.
VALVE, n. f. [valva, Latin.]
1. A folding door.
Swift through the valves the vifionary fair
Repafs’d. Pope's Odyjf. b. IV.
2. Any thing that opens overlhe mouth of a veffel.
This air, by the opening of the valve, and forcing up of
the fucker, may be driven out. * « Boyle's Worksf
3. [In anatomy.] A kind of membrane, which opens in cer¬
tain veiVels to admit the blood,, and fhuts to prevent its
regrefs.
The arteries, with a contractile force, drive the blood ftill
forward ; it being hindered from going backward by the
valves of the heart. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Va'lvule. n.f. [valvule, Fr.] A fmall valve.
Vamp. n.f. The upper leather of a fhoe. Ainfivorth.
To VAMP. v. a. [This is fuppofed probably enough by Skinner
to be derived from avant, Fr. before; and to mean laying
on a new outfide.] To piece an old thing with fome new
part.
You wilh
To vamp a body with a dangerous phyfick.
That’s lure of death without. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
This opinion hath been vamped up by Cardan. Bentley.
I had never much hopes of your vampt play. Swift.
Va'mper. n.f. [from vatnp.’] One who pieces out an old
thing with fomething new.
Van. n.f. [from avant, French.]
1. The front of an army; the firft line.
Before each van prick forth the airy knights. Milton.
The foe he had furvey’d.
Arrang’d, as to him they did appear,
With vany main battle, wings and rear. Hudibras.
Pan to van the foremoft iquadrons meet,
T he midmoft battles haft’ning up behind. Dryden.
2. [van. hr. vannus, Latin.] Anything fpread wide by which
a wind is railed ; a fan.
1 he other token of their ignorance of the fea was an oar,
they call it a corn-van. Notes on Odyjf.
3. A wing with which the air is beaten.
His fail-broad vans
He fpreads for ilight, and in the furging fmoke
Up-lifted, lpurns the ground. Milton's Par.
A fiery globe
Of angels oh full fail of wing drew nigh,
Lofl.
Who on their plumy vans receiv’d him foft
hrom his uneafy ftation, and upbore.
As on a floating couch, through the blithe air. MiltoiU
His difabled wing unftrung :
He wheel’d in air, and ftretch’d his vans in vain ;
His vans no longer could his flight fuftain. Dryden.
The vanes are broad on one fide, and narower on the other;
both which minifter to the progreffive motion ofthe bird.Derh.
Va'ncourier. n.f. [avantcourier. French.] A harbingera
precuffor.
Vane. n. f. [vacne, Dutch.] A plate hung on a pin to turn
with the wind.
A man fhe wou’d fpell backward ;
If tall, a lance ill-headed ;
If fpeaking, why a vane blown with all winds. Shakefp.
Vanguard, n.f. [avantgarde, French.] The front, or firft
line of the army.
The king’s 1.’ant-guard maintained fight againft the whole
power of the enemies. Bacon.
Vanguard to right and left the front unfold. Milton.
Vani'lla.n.f. [vanille, French.] A plant. It hath an ano¬
malous flower, confifting of fix leaves, five of which are
placed in a circular order, and the middle one is concave :
the empalement becomes an horned, foft, fle/hy fruit, filled
with very fmall feeds. The fruit of thofe plants is ufed to
feent chocolate. Miller.
When mixed with vanillios, or fpices, it acquires the good
and bad qualities of aromatic oils. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
To Va'nish. v. n. [vanefcOy Latin, evanouiry Fr.]
1. To lofe perceptible exiftence.
High honour is not only gotten and born by pain and dan¬
ger, but muft be nurfed by the like, or elfe vanifoeth as foon
as it appears to the world. Sidney.
Whither are they vanijh'd?
— Into the air ; and what l’eem’d corporal
Melted as breath into the wind. Shakefpeare.
While fancy brings the vanijh'd piles to view’.
And builds imaginary Rome anew. Pope.
2. To pafs away from the fight; to difappear
Now I have taken heart, thou vanijhejl. Shakefp.
He cut the cleaving fky.
And in a moment vanijh'd from her eye. Pope's Odyjf.
3. To pafs away ; to be loft.
All thefe delights will vanijh. Milton.
That lpirit of religion and ferioufnefs, by W’hich we had
diftinguifhed ourfelves, vani/hed all at once, and a fpirit of
infidelity and prophanenefs ftarted up. Atterbury.
Va'nity. n.f. [vanitasy Lat. vanitky Fr.]
1. Emptinefs; uncertainty; inanity.
2. Fruitlefs defire ; fruitlefs endeavour.
Vanity pofleffeth many, who are defirous to know the cer¬
tainty of things to come. Sidney.
Thy pride,
And wand’ring vanity, when leaft wras fafe.
Rejected my forewarning. Milton.
3. Trifling labour.
To ufe long difeourfe againft thofe things which are both
againft feripture and reafon, might rightly be judged a
vanity in the anfwerer, not much inferior to that of the
inventor. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
4. Falfhood ; untruth.
Here I may well ftiew the vanity of that which is reported
In the ftory of Walfingham. SirJ. Davies.
5. Empty pleafure ; vain purfuit; idle fhew; unfubftantial en¬
joyment ; petty objeCI of pride.
Were it not ftran°;e if God fhould have made fuch (lore
of glorious creatures on earth, and leave them all to be confumed in fecular vanity, allowing none but the bafer fort to
be employed in his own fervice. Hooker.
I muft
Beftow upon the eyes of this young couple
Some vanity of mine art. Shakefpeare's Tanpcjl.
Caft not her ferious wit on idle things;
Maks her free will Have to vanity. Davies.
Sin, with vanity, had fill’d the works of men. Milton.
The eldeft equal the youngeft in the vanity of their drefs ;
and no other reafon can be given of it, but that they equal,
ft not furpafs them, in the vanity of their defires. South.
Think not when woman’s transient breath is fled,
That all her vanities at once are dead ;
Succeeding vanities fihe ftill regards.
And though fhe plays no more, o’erlooks the cards. Pope.
6. Oftentation ; arrogance.
The ground-work thereof is true, however they, through
vanity, whilft they would not feem to be ignorant, do there¬
upon build many forged hiftories of their ownantiquity. Spenjer.
Whether it were out of the fame vanity, w’hich pofieffed
all thofe learned philofophers and poets, that Plato alfo pubhfhed, not under the right authors names, thofe things which
he had read in the fcriptures ; or fearing the feverity of the
Areopagite, and the example of his mailer Socrates, I can¬
not judge. Raleigh's Hijl. oj'the iVorrld.
Can 4
V A P VAR
*]. Petty pride ; pride exerted upon flight grounds ; pride ope¬
rating on fmall occafions.
Can you add guilt to vanity, and take
A pride to hear the conquefts which you make. Dryden.
’Tis an old maxim in the fchools,
That vanity's the food of fools ;
Vet now and then your men of wit
Will condefccnd to take a bit. Swift's Mifcel.
To Van. v. a. [from vannus, Lat. vanner, Fr.] To fan;
to winnow Not in ufe.
The corn, which in vanning lieth loweft is the heft. Baccn.
To VANQUISH, v. a. [vaincre, French.]
1. To conquer ; to overcome ; to fubdue.
Wert’t not a fhamc, that, whilft you live at jar,
The fearful French, whom you late vanquifoed.
Should make a ftart o’er leas, and vanquijb you ? Sbakef
1 hey fubdued and vanquijhed the rebels in all encoun¬
ters. Clarendon, b. viii.
The gods the victor, Cato the vanquifjd chofe ;
But you have done what Cato could not do.
To chufe the vanquijh'd, and re(tore him too. Dryden.
2. To confute.
This bold aflertion has been fully vanquified in a late reply
to the bi-fhop of Meaux’s treatife. F. Atterbnry.
Vanquisher, n.f. [from vanqui/Jo.) Conqueror; fubduer.
He would pawn his fortunes
To hopelefs reftitution, fo he might
Be call’d your vanquijber. Shakefpeare.
I fhall rife victorious, and fubdue
Fly vanquijber ; fpoil’d of his vaunted fpoil. Milton.
Troy’s vanquijber, and great Achilles’ fon. A. Philips.
Va'NTAGE. n. f. [from advantage.]
1. Gain ; profit.
What great vantage do we get by the trade of a paflor ? Sydn.
2. Superiority ; ftate in which one had better means of adtion
than another.
With the vantage of mine own excufe,
Hath he excepted mod againfl: my love. Shakefpeare.
He had them at vantage, being tired and harrafled with a
Ions; march. Bacon.
The pardoned perfon muft not think to fland upon the
fame vantage of ground with the innocent. South.
3. Opportunity ; convenience.
Be affur’d, Madam, ’twill be done
With his next vantage. Shakefpeares Cymbeline.
To Va'ntage. v. a. [from advantage.'] To profit.
We yet of prefent peril be afraid ;
For needlefs fear did never vantage none. Fairy Jhiecn.
Va'ntbrass. n.f. [avant bras, Fr.j Armour for the arm.
I’ll hide my filver beard in a gold beaver,
And in my vantbrace put this wither’d brawn. Sbakef
Put on vanibrafs, and greves, and gauntlet. Milton.
VA'PID. adj. [vapidus, Latin.J Dead; having the fpirit eva¬
porated ; fpiritlefs ; maukifh ; flat.
Thy wines let feed a-while
On the fat refuft; left too foon disjoin’d.
From fpritely it to fharp or vapid change. Philips.
The effedis of a vapid and vifeous conftitution of blood,
are ftagnation, acrimony, and putrefaction. Arbuthnot.
Va'pidness. n.f [from vapid.] The ftate of being fpiritlefs
or rnaukiih; maukifhnefs.
Vapora'tion. n. f. [vapo'ation, Fr. vaporation, Lat. from va¬
pour.] The adt of efcaping in vapours.
Va'porer. n.f. [from vapour.] A boafter; a braggart.
This fhews thefe vaporers, to what fcorn they expofe tliemfelves. Government of the Tongue.
Va'porish. adj. [from vapour.] Vaporous; Splenetick ; humourfome.
Pallas grew vap'rif) once and odd,
She would not do the leaft right thing. Swift.
Va'porous. adj. [vaporeux, Fr. from vapour.]
j. Full of vapours or exhalations ; fumy.
The vaporous night approaches. Shakefpeare.
It'proceeded from the nature of the vapourif place. Sandys.
This fhifting our abode from the warmer and more va¬
porous air of the vallies, to the colder and more fubtile air of
the hills, is a great benefit to the valetudinarian part. Derham.
2. Windy ; flatulent.
If the mother eat much beans, or fuch vaporous food,
it endangcreth the child to become lunatick. Bacon.
Some more fubtile corporeal element, may fo equally bear
ao-ainPc the parts of a little vaporous moifture, as to form it
into round drops. More's Antidote againfl Atheifn.
The food which is moft vaporous and perfpirable, is the
moft eafily digefted: Arbuthnot.
A little tube, jetting out from the extremity of an artery,
may carry off thefe vaporous fleams of the blood. Cheyne.
VATQUR. n.f. [vapour, Fr. vapor, Latin.]
I. Any thing cxhalable ; any thing that mingles with the air.
Vapour, and mift, and exhalation hot. Milton.
When firft the full too pow’rful beams difplays,
It draws up vapours which obfeure its rays;
But ev’n thofe clouds at laft adorn its way,
RefleCl new glories, and augment the day. Pope,
2. Wind ; flatulence.
In the Theffalian witches, and the meetings of witches
that have been recorded, great wonders they tell, of carry¬
ing in the air, transforming thcmfelves into other bodies;
Thefe fables are the effeCts of imagination : for ointments,
if laid on any thing thick, by flopping of the pores, Unit in
the vapours, and fend them to the head extremely. Bacon.
3. Fume; fleam.
The morning is the beft, becaufe the imagination is not
clouded by the vapours of meat. Dryden.
In diftilling hot fpirits, if the head of the ftill be taken off,
the vapour which afeends out of the ftill will take fire at the
flame of a candle, and the flame will run along the vapour
from the candle to the ftill. Newton's Optics.
For the impofthume, the vapour of vinegar, and any thing
which creates a cough, are proper. Arbuthnot on Diet.
4. Mental fume ; vain imagination ; fancy unreal.
If his forrow bring forth amendment, he hath the grace of
hope, though it be clouded over with a melancholy vapour,
that it be not difcernible even to himfelf. Flammond.
5. [In the plural.] Difeafes caufed by flatulence, or by difeafed
nerves ; hypochondriacal maladies ; melancholy ; fpleen.
To this wemuft aferibe the fpleen, fo frequent in ftudious
men, as well as the vapours to which the other fex are fo
often fubjeCt. Addijon's Spectator, N°. 115.
To Va'pour. v.n. [vapero, Latin.]
1. To pafs in a vapour, or fume ; to emit fumes; to fly off in
evaporations.
When thou from this world wilt go.
The whole world vapours in thy breath. Donne.
Swift running waters vapour not fo much as ftanding
waters. Bacon's Nat. Hifl. N°. 767.
2. To bully ; to brag ;
Not true, quoth he ? Howe’er you vapour,
I can what I affirm make appear. Pludibras,
Thefe are all the mighty powers
You vainly boaft, to cry down ours ;
And what in real value’s wanting,
Supply with vapouring and ranting. Pludibras.
That I might not be vapour'd down by infigmficant teftimonies, I ufed the name of your fociety to annihilate all
fuch arguments. Glanville's Pref. to Seep.
Be you to us but kind ;
Let Dutchmen vapour, Spaniards curfe.
No forrow we fhall find. E. Dofet’s Song.
To Va’pour. v. a. To effufe, or fcatter in fumes or va¬
pour.
Break off this laft lamenting kifs.
Which fucks two fouls, and vapours both away. Donne»
He’d laugh to fee one throw his heart away.
Another fighing vapour forth his foul,
A third to melt hi’mfelf in tears. B. Johnfon.
Opium lofeth fome of his poifoncus quality, if vapoured
out, and mingled with fpirit of wine. Bacon.
It muft be holpen by femewhat which may fix the filver,
never to be reftored, or vapoured away, when incorporated
into fuch a mafs of gold. Bacon.
VA'RIABLE. adj. [variable, Fr. variabilis, Latin.] Change¬
able ; mutable; inconftant.
O fwear not by th’ inconftant moon,
That monthly changes in her circled orb ;
Left that thy love prove likewife variable. Shahefpeare.
Haply countries different,
With valuable objects, fliall expel
This fomething fettled matter in his heart. Sbakefp.
By the lively image of other creatures, did thofe ancients
reprefent the variable paffions of mortals ; as by ferpents were
fignified deceivers. Raleigh's Hifl. of the iVorld.
His heart I know how variable, and vain.
Self-left. Alilton's Par. Lojl, b. xi. 1. 92.
Variableness, n.f. [from variable.]
1. Changeablenefs ; mutability.
You are not felicitous about the variablenefs of the wea¬
ther, or the change of feafens. Addifon.
2. Levity ; inconftancy.
Cenfurers fubjedb themfelves to the charge of variablenefs
in judgment. Cuirijfa.
Variably, adv. [from variable.] Changeably; mutably ; jnconftantly; uncertainly.
VaRiance. n.f [from vary.] Difcord ; difagreement; diffention.
I am come to fet a man at variance againfl his father. Matth.
A caufe of law, by violent courfe,
Was, from a variance, now a vyar become. Dan:el's C. JVar.
Not fo as to fet any one do&rine of the golpel at variance
with others, which are all admirably confiftent. Sprat.
She runs, but hopes fhe does not run unfeen :
While a kind glance at her purfuer flies,
How much at variance are her feet and eyes l Pope.
29 B n
VAR
If th6 learned would notfometimesfubmitto the ignorant;
the old to the weaknefles of the young ; there would be no¬
thing but everlafting variance in the world. Swift.
Many bleed,
By fhameful variance betwixt man and man. Phomfon.
VaRIa'tioN. n.f. [vanatio, Lat. variation, trench.J
1, Change ; mutation ; difference from itfelf.
After much variation of opinions, the prifoncr was acquitted
of treafon, but by moft voices found guilty of felony. Hayw.
1'he operation of agents will eafily admit of intention and
remiflion, but the effences of things are conceived not capable
of any fuch variation. < Locke.
The fame of our writers is confined to thefe two iflands,
and it is hard it fhould be limited in time as much as place,
by the perpetual variations of our fpeech. Swift.
There is but one common matter, which is diverfified by
accidents; and the fame numerical quantity, by variations of
texture, may conftitute fucceflively all kinds of body. Bent.
2. Difference ; change from one to another.
In fome other places are more females born than males ;
which, upon this variation of proportion, I recommend to
the curious. Graunt's Bills of Mortality.
Each fea had its peculiar Ihells, and the fame variation of
foils ; this tradl affording fuch a terreflrial matter as is pro¬
per for the formation of one fort of fhell-fifh ; that of
another. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
2. Succeffive change.
Sir Walter Blunt,
Stain’d with the variation of each foil
Betwixt that Holmedon and this feat of ours. Shakefp.
4* [^n grammar.] Change of termination of nouns.
The rules of grammar, and ufeful examples of the va¬
riation of words, and the peculiar form of fpeech, are often
appointed to be repeated. Watts’s hnprov. of the Mind.
5. Change in natural phenomenons.
The duke run a long courfe of calm profperity, without
any vifible eclipfe or wane in himfelf, amidll divers variations
in others. Wottons Life of Buckingham.
6. Deviation.
If we admit a variation from the flate of his creation, that
variation mull be neceffarily after an eternal duration, and
therefore within the compafs of time. Hale.
I may feem fometimes to have varied from his fenfe; but
the greatefl variations may be fairly deduced from him. Dryd.
j. Variation of thq compafs ; deviation of the magnetick needle
from an exa£l parallel with the meridian.
Va'ricous. adj. [‘varicofus, Latin.] Difeafed with dilation.
There are inftances of one vein only being variconsy which
may be ddlroyed by tying it above and below the dila¬
tation. v hharpe.
To VA RIEGATE, v. a. [variegatus, fchool Latin.] To diverfify ; to flain with different colours.
The {hells are filled with a white fpar, which variegates
and adds to the beauty of the ftone. Woodward on Fojfils.
They had fountains ofvariegatedmarble in their rooms.Arb.
Ladies like variegated tulips fhow ;
*Tis to the changes half the charms we owe :
Such happy fpots the nice admirers take,
Fine by defe£l, and delicately weak. Pope's Epijl.
Variega tion, n.f [from variegate.'] Diverfity of colours.
Plant your choice tulips in natural earth, iomewhat impoverifhed with very fine fand ; elfe they will foon lofe their
variegations. Evelyns Kalend.
Vari'ety. n.f [variete. Ft. varietas, Latin.]
1. Change; fucceifion of one thing to another; intermixture
of one thing with another.
All forts are here that all th’ earth yields ;
Variety without end. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Variety is nothing elfe but a continued novelty. South.
If the fun’s light confifted of but one fort of rays, there
would be but one colour in the whole world, nor would it be
poflitde to produce any new colour by reflections or refrac¬
tions ; and by confequence that the variety of colours depends
upon the compofition of light. Newton's Opticks.
2. One thing of many by which variety is made. In this fenfe
it has a plural.
The inclofed warmth, which the earth hath in itfelf, ftirred
up by the heat of the fun, affifteth nature in the fpeedier
procreation of thofe varieties, which the earth bringeth
forth. Raleigh's Hijl. of the Wirld.
-3. Difference; diflimilitude.
There is a variety in the tempers of good men, with rela¬
tion to the different impreflions they receive from different
objects of charity. F. Atterbury.
4.. Variation ; deviation ; change from a former ftate.
It were a great vanity to reject thofe rcafons drawn from
the nature of things, or to go about to anfwcr thofe reafons
by fuppofitions of a variety in things, from what they how
appear. Hale's Origin, of Mankind.
VA'RIOUS. ad}, [variusy Latin.]
1. Different; feveral; manifold.
VAR
Then were they known to men by various names.
And various idols, through the heathen world. Milton.
2. Changeable ; uncertain ; unfixed ; unlike itfelf.
The names of mixed modes want ftandards in nature,
whereby to adjuft their fignification ; therefore they are very
various and doubtful. Locke.
2. Unlike each other.
He in dcrifion fets
Upon their tongues a various fpirit,
To rafe quite out their native language. Milton.
Vaft crowds of vanquifh’d nations march along,
Various in arms, in habit, and in tongue. Dryden.
Various of temper, as of face or frame.
Each individual: his great end the fame. Pope»
So many and lo various laws are given. Milton.
4. Variegated ; diverfified.
Herbs fudden flower’d,
Opening their various colours. Milton.
Variously, adv. [from variousf] In a various manner.
Having been varioufly toffed by fortune, directed his courfe
to a fafe harbour. Bacon.
Various objects from the fenfe,
Varioufly reprefenting. Milton.
Thofe various fquadrons, varioujly defign’d.
Each veffel freighted with a feveral load;
Each fquadron waiting for a feveral wind ;
All find but one, to burn them in the road. Dryden.
Different aliments, while they repair the fluids and folids, a£t
varioufly upon them according to their different natures. Arbuth.
VA RIX. [Lat. varice, Fr.] A dilatation of the vein.
In ulcers of the legs, accompanied with varices or dila¬
tations of the veins, the varix can only be affifted by the
bandage. Sharpe.
VA'RLET. n.f. [variety old French, now valet.]
1. Anciently a lervant or footman.
Such lords ill example do give.
Where varlets and drabs fo may live. Puffer s Hufbandry.
They fpy’d
A varlet running towards them haffily. Spenfler.
2. A fcoundrel; a rafcal. This word has. deviated from its
original meaning, as fur in Latin.
I am the verieft varlet that ever chew’d. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Where didft thou leave thefe varlets ? Shakefpeare.
Thou, variety doff: thy mailer’s gains devour ;
» Thou milk’ll his ewes, and often twice an hour. Dryden.
When the Roman legions were in a difpofition to mutiny,
an impudent variety who was a private centinej, refolved to
try the power of his eloquence. Addfon.
Va'kletry. n.f. [from varlet.] Rabble; croud; populace.
Shall they hoill me up,
And fhew me to the fhouting varletry
Of cenf’ring Rome ? Shakefp. Ant. and Cleo*
VA'RNISH. n.f. [verms, Fr. vernix, Latin.]
r. A matter laid upon wood, metal, or other bodies, to make
them Ihine.
We’ll put on thofe fhall praife your excellence.
And fet a double varnijb on the fame. Shakefp.
The fame of Cicero had not borne her age fo well,
if it had not been joined with fome vanity ? Like unto varnijhy that makes cielings not only fhine, but laft. Bacon.
This the blue varnijb.that the green endears.
The facred ruff of twice ten hundred years. Pope.
2. Cover; palliation.
To Varnish, v. a. [vernijfery vernir, Fr. from the noun.]
1. To cover with fomething fhining.
O vanity !
To fet a pearl in Heel fo meanly varnijhed. Sidney.
Clamber not you up to the cafements.
Nor thrull your head into the publick ftreet.
To gaze on chriftian fools with varnifh'd faces. Shakef.
2. To cover; to conceal with fomething ornamental.
Specious deeds on earth, which glory excites ;
Or clofe ambition varnijh'd o’er with zeal. Milton.
His manly heart was Hill above
Diffembled hate, or va' nijh'd love. L)ryd.
Men elpoufe the well-endow’d opinions in fafhion, and
then feek arguments to make good their beauty, or varnijb
over and cover their deformity. Locke's Works.
3. To palliate ; to hide with colour of rhetorick.
'Fo varnifh all their errors, and fccure
The ills they a£t, and all the world endure. Denham.
Cato’s voice was ne’er employ’d
To clear the guilty, and to varnijb crimes. Addifon.
Speak the plain truth, and varnijb not your crimes ! Phipps.
Va'rnisher. n.f [from varnijh.]
1. One whofe trade is to varnifh.
An oil obtained of common oil, may probably be^ of good
ufc to lurgcons and varnijhers. Beyle s Uoiks.
2. A difguiler ; an adorner.
Modeft dulnefs lurks in thought’s difguife;
Thou varnijher of fools, and cheat of all the wife. Pope.
Va'rvels.
V A s VAT
Va'rvels. n.f. [vervelles, Fr.] Silver rings about the leg of
a hawk, on which the owner’s name is engraved. DU7.
To VARY. v.a. [vario, Lat. varier, French.]
2,To change ; to make unlike itfclf.
Let your cealelefs change
Vary to our great creator Hill new praife. Milton.
2. To change to fomething elfe.
Gods that never change their ftate,
Vary oft their love and hate. Waller.
We are to vary the cuftoms, according to the time and
country where the fcene of adtion lies. Dryden.
The maffer’s hand, which to the life can trace
The airs, the lines, and features of the face ;
May, with a free and bolder ftroke, exprefs
A vary d polture, or a flatt’ring drefs. Sir J. Denham.
He varies ev’ry fhape with eafe,
And tries all forms that may Pomona pleafe. Pope.
3. To make of different kinds.
God hath divided the genius of men according to the dif¬
ferent affairs of the World ; and varied their inclinations,
according to the variety of actions to be performed. Broivne.
4. To diverfify ; to variegate.
God hath here
Vary d his bounty lb with new delights. Milton.
To Va'ry. v n.
1. To be changeable ; to appear in different forms.
Darkling Hands
The varying fhore o’th’ world. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleo.
So varied he, and of his tortuous train
Curl’d many a wanton wreath. Milton.
2. To be unlike each other.
Thole who made laws, had their minds poltfhed above
the vulgar : and yet unaccountably the public conftitutions of
nations vary. Collier on Pride.
3. To alter; to become unlike itfelf.
He had a ftrange interchanging of large and inexpedfed
pardons, with feveral executions; which could not be im¬
puted to any inconftancy, but to a principle he had fet unto
himfelf, that he would vary and try both ways in turn. Bac.
That each from other differs, firft confefs ;
Next, thafhe varies from himfelf no lei's. Pope’s Epijl.
4. To deviate ; to depart.
The crime conftfts in violating the law, and varying from
. the right rule of reafon. Locke.
5. To fucceed each other.
While fear and anger, with alternate grace.
Pant in her bread:, and vary in her face. Addifon's Cato.
6. To difagree ; to be at variance.
In judgment of her fubftance thus they vary,
And vary thus in judgment of her feat;
For fome her chair up to the brain do carry.
Some link it down into the Homach’s heat. Sir J. Davies.
7. To fhift colours.
Will the falcon Hooping from above,
Smit with her varying plumage, l'pare the dove ?
Admires the jay the infedf’s gilded wings ? Pope.
Va'ry, n.f. [from the verb.] Change; alteration. Not in
ufe.
Such fmiling rogues as thefe fcoth every palfion;
Renege, affirm, and turn their halcyon beaks,
With every gale and vary of their maHers. Shakefpeare.
Va'scular. adj. [from vafculum, Latin.]
I. Confiffing of veffels ; full of velfels.
Nutrition of the .folids is performed by the circulating
liquid in the fmallefl vajcular folids. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Vascuh'ferous. adj. [vafculum and. fero, Latin.] Such plants
as have, befides the common calyx, a peculiar veffel to con¬
tain the feed, fometimes divided into cells; and thefe have
always a monopetalous flower, either uniform or dif-
• form. Quincy.
Va'se. n.f. [vafe, Fr. vafa, Latin.] A veffel; generally a
veffel rather for fhow than ufe.
- ) The toilet Hands unveil’d,
Each fdver vafe in myHick order laid. Pope.
-VA'SSAL. n.f. [vaffal, Fr. vaffallo, Italian.]
1. One who holds by the will of a fuperior lord.
Every petty prince, vaffal to the emperor, can coin what
money he pleafeth. Swift'sfort View of Ireland.
The vafals are invited to bring in their complaints to the
• viceroy, who imprifons and chaflifes their mailers. Addifon.
2. A fubjedl; a dependant
•; She cannot contentthe lard with performance of his difci-
. pline, that , hath at her fide a vaffal, whom Satan hath
• made his vicegerent, to crofs whatloever the faithful ihould
^ Hooker, b. viii. '§. 34.
*Such as they thought fit for labour, they received as vaffals;
.but imparte d not the benefit of laws, but every one made his
will a law unto his own vaffal. Spenfers State of Ii eland.
The common people were free fubje£fs to the king, not
Haves and vafals to their pretended lords. Sir J. Davies.
The mind hath not reafon to remember, that paffions
•Ought to be her 1 affals, not her maHers. Raleigh.
Vaffals of his anger, when the fcourge
Inexorable, and the torturing hour
Calls us to penance. Milton.
As all his vaffals eagerly defir’d ;
With mind averfe, he rather underwent
His people’s will, than gave his own confent. Dryden.
He fubjugated a king, and called him his vaffal. Baker3. A iervant; one who acts by the will of another.
I am his fortune’s vaffal, and I fend him
The greatnefs he has got. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleop.
4. A (lave ; a low wretch.
Thou fwear’H thy Gods in vain
O vaffal! mifereant ! Shakefp. K. Lee>\
Va'ssallage. n.f, [ vafjelage, Fr. from vaffal.J 'I he Hate of
a vailal; tenure at will; fervitude ; flavery; dependartce.
He renounc’d the vaffalage
Of Rome again. Fairy Queen.
All my pow’rs do their beflowing lofe,
Like vafjalage at unawares encountring
The eye of majefty. Shakefpeare's Troilus and C effda.
They wou’d have brought the Achitans from the condition
of followers and dependents unto meer vaffalage. Raleigh.
Let us not then purfue.
By force impoffible, by leave obtain’d
Unacceptable, though in heav’n our Hate
Of fplendid vafjalage. ' Milton's Par. Lofl.
Curs’d vaffalage,
FirH idoliz’d till love’s hot fire be o’er ;
Then flaves to thofe who courted us before. Dryden.
VAST. adj. [vafe, Fr. vajlus, Latin.]
1. Large; great.
What the parliament meant to attempt with thofe vafl
numbers of men, every day levied. Glarendon, book i.
That is an ample and capacious mind, which takes in vajl
and fublime ideas without pain. Watts.
His open Hores,
Though vafl, were little to his ampler heart. Thomfon.
2. Vicioufly great; enormoufly extenfive or capacious.
The vicious language is vafl, and gaping, fwellmg, and
irregular ; when it contends to be high, full of rock, moun¬
tain, and pointednefs. B. fohnfon.
They view’d the vafl unmeafurable abyfs. Milton.
Others with vafl Typhean rage more fell.
Rend up rocks. Milton.
Vast, n.f [vaflum, Latin.] An empty wafle.
They (hook hands, .as over a vafl; and embrac’d, as from
the ends of oppos’d winds. Shakefpeare,
Through the vafl of heav’n it founded. Milton.
The wat’ry vafl,
Secure of florms, your royal brother paH. Pope.
Vasta'tion. n.f. [vajlatio, from vaflo, Latin.] Wafie ; de¬
population.
This wild-fire made the faddefi vaflations, in the many fatal
outrages which thefe eager contentions occafion. Decay ofPiety.
Vasti'dity. n.f. [vaflitas, Lat. from vafly.~\ Widenefs; immenlity. A barbarous word.
Perpetual durance.
Through all the world’s vaflidity. Shakefpeare.
Va'stly. adv. [from vafl.'] Greatly; to a great degree.
Holland’s refolving upon its own defence, without our {hare
in the war, would leave us to enjoy the trade of the world,
and thereby grow vaflly both in Hrength and treafures Temple.
It is vaflly the concern of government, and of themfelves
too, whether they be morally good or bad. South.
Va'stness. n.f [from vafl.] Immenfity ; enormous greatneis.
Behemoth, biggeH born of earth, upheav’d
His vaflnefs. Milton's Par. Loft,
She by the rocks compell’d to Hay behind,
Is by the vaflnefs of her bulk confin’d. Waller,
When I compare this little performance with the vaflnefs
of my fubjeft, methinks I have brought but a cockle-fhell of
water from the ocean. Glanville.
ArioHo obferved not moderation in the vaftnefs of his
draught. Dryden.
Hence we may difeover the caufe of the vafnefs of the
ocean. Bentley s Sermons.
Va'sty. adj. [from vafl.] Large; enormoufiy great.
I can call fpirits from the vafy deep. Shakefpeare.
VaT. n.f. [vat, Dutch, pat, Saxon.] A veffel in which li¬
quors are kept in the immature Hate.
Plumpy Bacchus, with pink eyne, .
In thy vats our cares be drown’d. Shakefp.
Let him produce his vats and tubs in oppofition to heaps
of arms and flandards. Addifon.
Wouldfl thou thy vats with gen’rous juice Ihould froth,
Refped’t thy orchats. Philips.
Va'ticide. n.f. [votes zn&cesdo, Latin.] A murderer of poets.
The caitiff vaticide conceiv’d a prayer. Pope's Dunciad.
To Vati'cinate. .v.n. [vaticinor, Latin.] To prophefy ; to
praifife prcdidlion.
The moft admired of all prophane prophets, whofe predic¬
tions have been fo much cried up, did vaticinate here. Hoiuel,
Yava'sour.
V A U U D D
Va'v as our. n.f. [vavajfcur, Fr.] One who himfelf holding
of a fnperior lord, has others holding under him.
Names have been taken of civil honours, as king, knight,
valvafor, or vavnjor, fquire. Camden.
Wudevil. n. / [vaudeville, Fr.] A fong common among
the vulgar, and fung about the ftreets, Trev. A ballad ; a
trivial ftrain.
VAULT, n.f. fjvoiilte, Fr. volta, Ital. valuta, low Latin.]
1. A continued arch.
O, you are men of ftone :
Had I your tongues and eyes. I’d ufe them fo
That heaven’s vault fhould crack. Shakefp. K. Lear.
The word fignifies an orb or fphere. And this fhews us
both the form of the Mofaical abyfs, which was included
within this vault: and the form of the habitable earth, which
was the outward furfacc of this vault, or the cover of the
abyfs. Burneds Theory ofthe Earth.
2. A cellar.
Creep into the kill-hole.
He will feek there ; neither prefs, well, vaults but he hath
an abftradl for the remembrance of. Sbakejp.
The wine of life is drawn, and the meer lees
Is left this vault to brag of. Shakefp.
Whether your fruitful fancy lies ,
To banifh rats that haunt our vault. Swift.
3. A cave ; a cavern.
The filent vaults of death, unknown to light.
And hell itfelf, lie naked to his fight. Sandys.
4. A repofitory for the dead.
Shall I not be ftifled in the vaults
To whofe foul mouth no healthfome air breathes in. Shakef.
To Vault, v. a. [voutery Fr. from the noun.]
To arch ; to fhape of a vault.
Hath nature given them eyes
To fee this vaulted arch, and the rich cope
Of fea and land, v> hich can diflinguifh ’tvvixt
The fiery orbs above, and the twinn’d ftones
Upon th’ humbl'd beach ? Shakefp. Cymheline.
2. To cover with an arch.
Over-head the difmal hifs
Of fiery darts in flaming vollies flew;
And flying •vaulted either hoft with fire. Milton
To Vault, v. h. voltiger3 Fr. volteggiare, Italian.
1. To leap ; to jump.
Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itfelf,
And falls on th’ other. Shakefpear's Macbeth.
The pretty vaulting fea refus’d to drown me.
Knowing that thou would’ft have me drown’d on fhore. Sh.
He is vaulting variable ramps
In your defpite, upon your purfe. Shakefp.
If I could win a lady by vaulting into my faddle with my
armour on, I fhould quickly leap into a wife. Shakefp.
Leaning on his lance, he vaulted on a tree. Dryden.
If a man fhou’d leap a garret, or vault down the monu¬
ment, wou’d he leave the memory of a hero behind
him ? Collier on Duelling.
Lucan vaulted upon Fegafus with all the heat and intre¬
pidity of youth. jiddijon.
2. To play the tumbler, or pofture-mafter.
Vault, n.f. [from the verb.] A leap ; a jump.
Vau'ltage. n.f. [from vault.] Arched cellar. Not in ufe.
He’ll call you to fo hot an anfwer for it.
That caves and womby vaultages of France
Shall chide your trefpafs, and return your mock
In fecond accent to his ordnance. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Va'ulted. adj. [from vault.'] Arched ; concave.
Reftore the lock ! fhe cries, and all around
Reftore the lock ! the vaulted roofs rebound. Pope.
Va'ulter. n.f. [from vault.] Aleaper; a jumper ; a tum¬
bler.
Va'ulty. adj. [from vault.] Arched; concave. A bad word.
I will lcifs thy deteftable bones,
And put my eye-balls in thy vaulty brows,
And ring thefe fingers with thy houfhold worms. Shakefp.
I’ll fay that is not the lark, whofe notes do beat
The vaulty heav’ns fo high above our heads. Shakefp.
Va'unmure. n. f. [avant mury Fr.]^A falfc wall; a work
raifed before the main wall.
With another engine named the warwolfe, he pierced
tvith one ftone, and cut, as even as a thread, two vauntmures. Camden's Remains.
I his warlike captain, daily attempting the vanmures, in
the end by force obtained the fame; and fo polfelfcd of the
place, defperately kept it ’till greater help came running in,
who, with wonderful expedition, clapt up a flrong covering
betwixt the wall and the vamnure. Knolles's Hijl. ofthe Turks.
ToVAUNl. v. a. [yantery Fr.] To boaft; to difplay with
oftentation.
Not that great champion
Whom famous poets verfe fo much doth vaunt;
And hath for twelve huge labours high extoll’d.
So many furies and flfarp hits did haunt. Fairy Jhtcen,
Not any damfel which her vaunteth moft.
In fkilful knitting of foft ftlken twine. Spender.
My vanquilher fpoil’d of his vaunted fpoil. Milton
To Vaunt, v. n.
1. To play the braggart; to talk with oftentation; to make
vain fttow ;1 to boaft.
You fay, you are a better foldier;
Let it appear fo ; make your vaunting true. Shakefp.
The illufions of magick were put down, and their vaunt¬
ing in wifdom reproved with difgrace. TVifdo?n xvii. 7.
So fpake th apoftate angel, though in pain ;
Vaunting aloud, but rack’d with deep defpair. Milton.
Pride which prompts a man to vaunt and overvalue what
he is, does incline him to difvalue what he has. Gov. of Tongue.
2. I fcarcely knew in what fenfe Dryden has ufed this word, unlefs it be mifwritten for vaults.
’Tis he : I feel him now in ev’ry part;
Like a new world he vaunts about my heart. Dryden.
Vaunt, n.f. [from the verb.] Brag; boaft; vain oftentation.
Sir John Perrot bent his courfe not to that point, but ra¬
ther quite contrary, in fcorn, and in vain vaunt of his own
counfels. _ Spenfcr.
HimIfeduc’d with other promifes and other vaunts. Milton.
Such vaunts who can with patience read.
Who thus deferibes his hero when he’s dead ?
In heat of action flain, he fcorns to fall.
But ftill maintains the war, and fights at all. Granville.
Vaunt, n.f. [from avant^ Fr.] The firft part. Not ufed.
Our play
Leaps o’er the vaunt and firftlings. Shakefp*
Va'u nter. n.f. [yauteur, Fr. from vaunt.] Boafter; braggart;
man given to vain oftentation.
Some feign
To menage fteeds, as did this vaunter ; but in vain. Spetifer»
Tongue-valiant hero, vaunter of thy might;
In threats the foremoft, but the lag in fight. Dryden.
Va'untful. adj. [vaunt antifull.] Boaftful; oftentatious.
Whiles all the heavens on lower creatures fmil’d.
Young Clarion, with vauntful luftihed.
After his guile did caft abroad to fare. Spenfer.
Va'untingly. adu. [from vaunting.] Boaftfully; oitentatioufly.
I heard thee fay, and vauntingly thou fpak’ft it.
That thou wert caufe of noble Glo’fter’s death. Shakefp.
Va'ward. n.f. [van and ward] Forepart
Since we have the vaward of the day.
My love ftiall hear the mufic of my hounds. Shakefp.
Marcius,
Their bands i’th’ vaward are the Antiates
Of their beft truft. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
He defired nothing more than to have confirmed his au¬
thority in the minds of the vulgar, by the prefent and ready
attendance of the vayvod. linolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
U'berty. n.f. [ubertas, Latin.] Abundance ; fruitfulnefs.
Ubica'tion. I n.f [from ubi, Latin.] Local relation; whereUbi'ety. j nefl>. A fcholaftick term.
Relations, ubications, duration, the vulgar philofophy ad¬
mits to be fomething ; and yet to enquire In what place they
are, were grofs. _ _ Glanville.
Ubi quitary. adj. [from ubique, Latin.] Exifting every where.
I or wealth and an ubiquitary commerce, none can exceed
her- . _ Horn.
Ubi'quitary. n.f [from ubique^ Latin.] One that exifts
every where.
How far wide is Aquinas, which faith, by the fame realbn
that an angel might be in two places, he might be in as many
as you will l See now, either Xavier is every where, or elle
the carcafs of a friar is more lubtle than the nature of an
angel. To conclude, either Aquinas is falfe, or the papifts
ubiquitaries. Halit
Ubiquity, n.f [from ubique, Latin.] Omniprefence; exiftence at the fame time in all places.
In the one there is attributed to God death, whereof di¬
vine nature is not capable ; in the other ubiquity unto man,
which human nature admitteth not. Hookers.
Pern fhe hight,
A folemn wight.
As you fhould meet.
In any ftreet.
In that ubiquity, B. Johnfon.
Could they think that to be infinite and immenfe, the ubi¬
quity ol which they could thruft into a corner of their
clofet. South.
UDDER, n.f. [ubep, Saxon; udeiy Dutch, uber, Lat.J The
breaft or dugs of a cow, or other large animal.
A Iionnefe, with udders all drawn dry.
Lay couching head on ground. Shakefp»
Sithence the cow
Produc’d an ampler ftore of milk ; the (he-goat,
Not without pain, dragg’d her diftended udder. Prior.
U'ddered. adj. [from udder.] Furnifhed with udders.
Marian foft could ftroke the udder'd cow, Gay.
Veal,
V E G
Veal. n. f. [veel, a calf, veeler, vefler, to bring forth a calf, old
French ; vitellus, Latin.] Theflefh of a calf killed for the table.
Would’ft thou with mighty beef augment thy meal ?
Seek Leadenhall; St. James’s lends thee veal. Gay.
Ve'ction. 7 n.f. [vefiio, veflito, Latin.] Thea&ofcarVe'ctitation. S rying, or being carried.
Enervated lords are foftly lolling in their chariots ; a fpecies
of veftitation leldom ufed among!! the antients. Arbutbnot.
Ve'cture. [veflura, Latin.] Carriage.
Three things one nation felleth unto another; the com¬
modity as nature yieldeth it, the manufacture and the vetlure
or carriage. < Bacon's EJays.
To Veer. v.n. [virer, French.] To turn about.
It a wild uncertainty prevail.
And turn your veering heart with ev’ry gale;
You lofe the fruit of all your former care,
for the fad profpedt of a juft defpair. Rofcommon.
r Nigh rivers mouth, where wind
Peers oft, as oft he fteers and ftiifts her fail. Milton.
I have no tafte of the noify praife
Of giddy crouds, as changeable as winds ;
Servants to change, and blowing with the tide
Of fwol’n fuccefs ; but veering with its ebb. Dryden.
A-head the matter pilot fleers
And as he leads, the following navy veers. Dryden.
It is a double misfortune to a nation given to change,
when they have a fovereign that is prone to fall in withldl
the turns and veerings of the people. Addifon's Freeholder.
The wind veered about to north-weft. Derham.
To Veer. hi. a.
1. To let out.
As it is a great point of art, when our matter requires it,
to enlarge and veer out all fail; fo to take it in and contract
it, is of no lefs praile when the argument doth atk it. B. John/.
2. To turn; to change.
I fee the haven nigh at hand.
To which I mean my weary courle to bend ;
Veer the main-fheet, and bear up with the land. Spenfer.
Sailing farther, it veers its lilly to the weft, and regardeth
that quarter, wherein the land is nearer or greater. Brown.
Vegetabi'lity. n.f. [from vegetable.] Vegetable nature;
the quality of growth without fenfation.
The coagulating fpirits of falts, and lapidifical juice of
the fea, entering the parts of the plant, overcomes its vegetabilityy and converts it unto a lapideous fubftance. Browne.
VE'GETABLE. n. f. [vegetabilis, fchool Lat. vegetabile, Fr.J
Any thing that has growth without fenfation, as plants.
Vegetables are organized bodies confifting of various parts,
containing veflels furnithed with differentjuices ; and taking in
their nourithment from without, ufually by means of a root,
by which they are fixed to the earth, or to fome other body,
as in the generality of plants ; fometimes by means of pores
diftributed over the whole furface, as in fub-marine
plants. Hill's Materia Medica.
Let brutes and vegetables that cannot drink.
So far as drought and nature urges, think. Wal er.
In vegetables it is the thape, and in bodies, not propagated
by feed, it is the colour we moft fix on. Lode.
Other animated fubftances are called vegetables, which
have within themfelves the principle of another fort of life
and growth, and of various productions of leaves, flowers
and fruit, fuch as we fee in plants, herbs, trees. Watts.
Ve'GETABLE, adj. [vegetabilis, Latin.]
1. Belonging to a plant.
The vegetable world, each plant and tree,
From the fair cedar on the craggy brow.
To creeping mofs. Prior.
Both mechanifms are equally curious, from one uniform
juice to extraCt all the variety of vegetable juices; or from
fuch variety of food to make a fluid very near uniform to the
blood of an animal. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
The well fhower’d earth
Is deep enrich’d with vegetable life. Thomfon.
2. Having the nature of plants.
Amidft them ftood the tree of life.
High eminent, blooming ambrofial fruit
Of vegetable gold. Milton's Par. Lojl.
That vegetative terreftrial hath been ever the Handing fund,
out of which is derived the matter of all animal and vegetable
bodies. Woodward’s Nat. Hijl.
ToVe'getate. v.n. [vegeto, Latin] To grow as plants; to
fhoot out; to grow without fenfation.
Rain-water may be endued with fome vegetating or prolifick virtue, derived from fome faline or oleofe particles. Ray.
As long as the feeds remained lodged in a natural foil,
they would foon vegetate, and fend forth a new fet of
trees. Woodward.
See dying vegetables life fuftain ;
See life diffolving vegetate again. Pope's EJfay on Man.
Vegeta'tion. n.J. [from. vegeto, Latin.]
1. The power of producing the growth of plants,
The exterior furface coniifted of a terreftrial matter proper
? ' . 8
V E H
for the nourifhment of plants, being little entangled with
mere mineral matter, that was unfit for vegetation. Woodward.
The fun, deep-darting to the dark retreat
Of vegetation, fets the fteaming power
At large. Thomfon's Spring.
Love warbles through the vocal groves,
And vegetation paints the plain. Anonymous.
2. The power of growth without fenfation.
Plants, though beneath the excellency of creatures en¬
dued with fenfe, yet exceed them in the faculty of vegetation
and of fertility. Hooker.
Thefe pulfations I attribute to a plaftick nature, or vital
principle, as the vegetation of plants muft alfo be. Ray.
Ve'oetative. adj. [vegetatif.\ Fr. from vegetate ]
1. Having the quality of growing without life.
Creatures vegetative and growing, have their feeds in
themfelves. Raleigh’s Hijl. ofthe World.
2. Having the power to produce growth in plants.
Homer makes deities of the vegetative faculties, and vir¬
tues of the field. Broome’s Notes on Odyff.
Vegetativeness. n. f. [from vegetative.] T. he quality of
producing growth.
Vege'te. adj. [vigetus, Latin.] Vigorous; adive; fpritely.
The foul was vegete, quick and lively; full of the youthfulnefs and fpritelinefs of youth. South.
I he faculties in age muft be lefs vegete and nimble than in
youth. ^ _ Wallis.
VE'GETIVE. adj. [from vegeto, Latin.] Vegetable ; having the
nature of plants.
Nor rent off, but cut off ripe bean with a knife.
For hindering ftalke of hir vegetive life. Tuff. Hufbandry.
Ve'getive. n.f. [from the adjedive.] A vegetable.
Hence vegetives receive their fragrant birth,
And clothe the naked bofom of the earth. Sandys.
The tree ftill panted in th’ unfinifh’d part,
Not wholly vegetive; and heav’d her heart. Dryden.
Ve'hEMENCE. 7 - r t • T •
Vehemency. \ f' Latin.
1. Violence; force.
Univerfal hubbub wild.
Of ftunning founds and voices <ll 1 confus’d,
Affaults his ear with loudeft vehemence. Milton.
2. Ardour ; mental violence ; terrour.
Think ye are men ; deem it not impoftible for you to err :
fift impartially your own hearts, whether it be force of reafon,
or vehemency of affedion, which hath bred, and ftill doth
feed thefe opinions in you. Hooker's Pref.
The beft perfuafions
Fail not to ufe ; and with what vehemency
Th’occafion ftiall inftrud you. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.'
Would it apply well to the vehemence of your affedion,
that I fhould win what you would enjoy ? Shakefp.
The extremity of the condition produced fome earneftnels
and vehemency of expreffion more than ordinary. Clarendon.
This pure caufe would kindle my rap’d fpirits
To iuch a flame of facred vehemence,
That dumb things wou’d be mov’d to fympathize. Milton.
He hurries on his adion with variety of events, and ends
it in lefs compafs than two months. This vehemence of his
is moft luitable to my temper. Dryden.
Marcus is over-warm ; his fond complaints
Have io much earneftnefs and paffion in them,
I hear him with a fecret kind of horror.
And tremble at his vehemence of temper. Addifon's Cato.
VEHEMENT, adj. [vehement, Fr. vehemens, Latin.]
1. Violent; forcible.
A ftrong imagination hath more force upon light and fubtile
motions, than upon motions vehement or ponderous. Bacon.
Gold will endure a vehement fire for a long time, without
any change. Grew.
2. Ardent; eager ; fervent.
By their Vehement inftigation.
In this juft luit come I to move your grace. Shakefp.
I Find
In all things elfe delight indeed ; but fuch.
As us’d or not, works in the mind no change.
Nor vehement defire. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Ve'hemently. adv. [from vehement.]
1. Forcibly.
2. Pathetically; urgently.
The chriftian religion inculcates kindnefs more vehe¬
mently, and forbids malice and hatred more ftridly than any
religion did before. _ Tillotfon.
Ve'hicle. n.J'. [vehiculum, Latin.]
1. That in which any thing is carried.
Evil fpirits might very properly appear in vehicles of flame,
to terrify and iurprize. _ Addijon’s Guardian.
2. That part of a medicine which ferves to make the principal
ingredient potable.
I hat the meat defeends by one paffage ; the drink, or
moiftening vehicle by another, is a popular tenent. Brown.
3. 1 hat by means of which any thing is conveyed.
29 C The
V E I V E L
The gaiety of a diverting word, ferves as a vehicle to oonvey the force and meaning of a thing. L'Efrange.
't'oVEiL. v.n. [ye!o, Lat. See Vail.]
1. To cover with a veil, or any thing which conceals the
face.
Her face was veil'd \ yet to my fancied fight.
Love, fweetnels, gcodnefs in her perfon (hin d. Milton.
It became the Jewifti falhion when they went to pray, to
veil their heads and faces. Boyle.
2. To cover; to invert.
I defery,
From yonder blazing cloud that veils the hill,
One of the heav’nly hoft. Milton.
3. To hide; to conceal.
Of darknefs vifible fo much be lent.
As half to fhew, half veil the deep intent. Pope's Dunciad.
Veil. n.f. [velum, Latin.]
1. A cover to conceal the face.
To feed his fiery luftful eye.
He fnatch’d the veil that hung her face before. Fairy Hfueen.
The Faphian queen from that fierce battle borne,
With gored hand, and veil fo rudely torn.
Like terror did among the immortals breed. Waller.
The famous painter cou’d allow no place
For private forrow in a prince’s face :
Yet, that his piece might not exceed belief,
He cart a veil upon fuppofed grief. Waller.
As veils tranfparent cover, but not hide.
Such metaphors appear when right apply’d.
When through the phrafe we plainly fee the fenfe,
Truth with fuch obvious meanings will difpenfe. Granville.
She accepts the hero, and the dame
Wraps in her vail, and frees from fenfe of rtiame. Pope.
2- A cover; a difguife.
I will pluck the borrow’d veil of modefty from the fo
Teeming Mrs. Page; divulge Page himfelf for a fecure and
wilful Acfeon. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windfor.
Knock on my heart; for thou haft fkill to find
If it found folid, or be fill’d with wind ;
And thro’themV ofwordsthou view’ft the naked mind. Dry.
The ill-natured man expofes thofe failings in human na¬
ture, which the other would cart a veil over. Addifon.
VEIN. n.f. [veine, Fr. vena, Latin.]
The veins are only a continuation of the extreme capillary
arteries reflected back again towards the heart, and uniting
their channels as they approach it, till at laft they all form
three large veins ; the cava defenders, which brings the blood
back from all the parts above the heart; the cava afeendens,
which brings the blood from all the parts below the heart;
and the porta, which carries the blood to the liver. The
coats of the veins are the fame with thofe of the arteries,
only the mufcular coat is as thin in all the veins, as it is in
the capillary arteries ; the preffure of the blood againft the
fides of the veins being lefs than that againft the tides of
the arteries. In the veins there is no pulfe, becaufe the blood
is thrown into them with a continued ftream, and becaufe it
moves from a narrow channel to a wider. The capillary
veins unite with one another, as the capillary arteries. In
all the veins perpendicular to the horizon, excepting thofe of
the uterus and of the porta, are fmall membranes or
valves ; like fo many half thimbles ftuck to the fide of
the veins, with their mouths towards the heart. In the
motion of the blood towards the heart, they are prefled dole
to the fide of the veins ; but if blood Ihould fall back, it
muft fill the valves ; and they being diftended, ftop up the
channel, fo that no blood can repafs them. Quincy.
When I did firft impart my love to you,
I freely told you all the wealth I had
Ran in my veins; I was a gentleman. Shakefpeare.
Horror chill
Ran through his veins, and all his joints relax d. Milton.
2. Hollow; cavity.
Found where cafual fire
Had wafted woods, on mountain, or in vale,
Down to the veins of earth. Milton's Par. Lof.
Let the glafs of the prifrqs be free from veins, and their
fides be accurately plane, and well polifhed, without thofe
numberlefs waves or curls, which ufually arife from fandholes. Newton's Opticks.
3. Courfe of metal in the mine.
There is a vein for the filver. J°h xxvni. 1.
Part hidden veins digg’d up, nor hath this earth
Entrails unlike, of mineral and ftone. Milton.
It is in men as in foils, where fometimes there is a vein of
gold which the owner knows not of. Swift's Thoughts.
4. Tendency or turn of the mind or genius.
We ought to attempt no more than what is in the compafs of our genius, and according to our vein. Dryden.
5. Favourable moment; time when any inclination is predo¬
minant.
Artizans have not only their growths and perfections, but
fckewife their veins and times. Wotton's Architecture.
6. Humour; temper.
I put your grace in mind
Of what you promis’d me.
I am not in the giving vein to-day. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Certainly he that hath a fatirical vein, as he maketk
. others afraid of his wit, fo he had need to be afraid of
others. Bacon.
They among themfelves in pleafant vein
Stood lcoffing. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Speak’ft thou in earneft or in jelling vein ? Dryden.
The currier ftruck the ufurer upon the right vein. L'EJlra.
7. Continued difpofition.
The vein I have had of running into fpeculations of this
kind, upon a greater fcene of trade, have colt me this prefent fervice. Temple.
8. Current; continued production.
He can open a vein of true and noble thinking. Swift.
9. Strain ; quality.
Now fomewhat fing, whofe endlefs fouvenance
Among the fhepherds may aye remain ;
Whether thee lift, thy loved lafs advance.
Or honour Pan with higher hymns of praife. Spenfer.
10. Streak; variegation, as the veil s of the marble
Ve'inyD* \a<%‘ [ye'meux* Fr. from vein.]
1. Full of veins.
2. Streaked ; variegated.
The root of an old white thorn will make very fine
boxes and combs, and many of them are very finely
veined. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Effulgent, hence the veiny marble fiiines. Thomfon.
Velle'it Y. n.f. [velleite, Fr. velleitas, from velle, Latin.]
Velleity is the fchool-term ufed to iignify the loweft degree
of defire. Locke.
The wifhing of a thing is not properly the willing of itj
but it is that which is called by the fchools an imperfect vel¬
leity, and imports no more than an idle, un-operative com¬
placency in, and defire of the end, without any confideration of the means. South.
To VE'LLICATE. v. a. [vellico, Latin.] To twitch ; to
pluck ; to aCt by ftiinulation.
Thofe fmells are all ftrong, and do pull and vellicate the
fenfe. Bacon.
Convulfions arifing from fomething vetiicating a nerve in
its extremity, are not very dangerous. Arbuthnot.
Vellica'tion. n.f. [vellicatio, Lat.] Twitching; ftimulation.
All purgers have a kind of twitching and vellication, befides the griping, which cometh of wind. Bacon.
There muft be a particular motion and vellication impreft
upon the nerves, elfe the fenfation of heat will not be
produced. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
Ve'llum. n.f. [velin, Fr. velamen, Latin ; rather vitulinum,
low Latin.] The fkin of a calf drefled for the writer.
The fkull was very thin, yielding to the leaft preffure. of
my finger, as a piece of vellum. Wifeman.
Velo'city. n.f [velocite, Fr .velocitas, Latin.] Speed; fwiftnefs ; quick motion.
Had the velocities of the feveral planets been greater or
lefs than they are now, at the fame diftances from the fun;
or had their diftances from the fun, or the quantity of the
fun’s matter, and confequently his attractive power, been
greater or lefs than they are now, with the fame velocities:
they would not have revolved in concentric circles, but
moved in hyperbola’s or parabola’s, or in ellipfes very ec¬
centric. Bentley's Sermons.
Velvet, n.f. [veluto, Ital. villus, Latin, velours, Fr.] Silk
with a fhort fur or pile upon it.
Clad in white velvet all their troop they led,
With each an oaken chaplet on his head. Dryden.
The different ranging the fuperficial parts of bodies, as of
velvet, watered filk, we think probably is nothing but the
different refraClion of their infenfible parts. Locke.
Ve'LVET. adj.
1. Made of velvet.
This was moulded on a porringer,
A velvet dilh. Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
2. Soft; delicate.
Through the velvet leaves the wind.
All unfeen, ’gan paftage find. Shakef.
Poor deer, quoth he, thou mak’ft a teftament
As worldlings do, giving thy fum of more
To that which had too much. Then being alone
Left and abandon’d of his velvet friends ;
’Tis right, quoth he ; thus milery doth part
The flux of company. Shakefp.
To Ve'lveti v. n. To paint velvet.
Verditure, ground with a weak gum arabic water, is the
paleft green that is,' but good to velvet upon black in any
drapery. Peacham on Drawing.
Ve'l UR.E. n.f. [velours, Fr.] Velvet. An old word.
His horfe with one girt, fix times pieced, and a woman’s
cropper of velure, pieced with packthread. Shakefp.
VENAL.
V E N
VE'NAL. adj. [venal, Fr. vcnalis, Latin.]
I. Mercenary ; proftitute.
This verfe be thine, my friend, nor thou refufe
This, from no venal or ungrateful mufe. p0hg
i. [from vein.] Contained in the veins. A technical word.
It is unreafonable to affirm, that the cool venal blood
fhould be heated fo high in the interval of two pulfes Ray
VENA Lt-rv. n.f [-venalite, Fr. from venal.] Mercenarinefs
prointution.
Vena'tick. adj. [venaticus, Latin.] Ufed in hunting
Vena'tion. n.f. [venatio, Latin.] The aft or prattice of
hunting. r
The manner of their venation we fhall find to be other-
~Wuyrxn 7 rmg V*? °f trees- Brown'* Vuk*r Errours.
To V END. v. a. [vendre, Fr. vendo, Lat.j To fell; to offer
to fale. J
. had a Sreat parcel of glaffes packed up, which not hav¬
ing the occafion he expe&ed to vend, and make ufe of, lay
by hun. g f
Vendee, n.f. [from vend.] One to whom any thing is fold.
If a vicar fows his glebe, or if he fells his corn, and the
vendee cuts it, he muff pay the tithes to the parfon. Ayliffe.
Ve'nder. n.f. [vendeur, Fr. from vend.] A feller.
Where the confumption of commodity is, the venders feat
themfelves.
1 hole make the molt noife who have the leaft to fell, which
xr-^xT?Xnrb^rVabie b xh(tvenders of card-matches. Addijon.
nNDIBLE. adj. [vendibilis, Latin.] Saleable; marketable.
Silence only is commendable
In a neat’s tongue dried, and a maid not vendible. Sbakefp.
This fo profitable and vendible a merchandize, rifeth not
to a proportionable enhancement with other lefs beneficial
commodities. CWw.
I he ignorant mine-man, aiming only at the obtaining a
quantity of fuch a metal as may be vendible under fuch a de¬
terminate name, has neither the defign nor fkill to make nice
feparations of the heterogeneous bodies. Boyle.
Ve'ndibleness. n.f. [from vendible. ] The ffate of being faleable.
Vendita'tion. n.J. [venditatio, from vendito, Latin.] Boaftful difplay.
Some, by a cunning proteffation againft all reading, and
venditatian of their own naturals, think to divert the fagacity
of their readers from themfelves, and cool the feent of their
own fox-like thefts ; when yet they are fo rank as a man may
find whole pages together ufurped from one author. B. Jobnfon.
Vendi tion, n.f [venditio, Fr. vendition, Latin.] Sale; the
a£t of felling.
ToVene'er. v. a. [among cabinet-makers.] Tomakeakind
of marquetry or inlaid work, whereby feveral thin fiices of
fine woods of different forts are faftened or glued on a Ground
of fome common wood. ^Bailey.
Ve'nefice. n.f [veneficium, Latin.] The practice of poifoning.
Venefi'cial. adj. from veneficium, Latin.] A&ing by poifon;
bewitching.
The magical virtues of miffelto, and conceived efficacy
unto veneficial intentions, feemeth a Pagan relique derived
from the antient Druides. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Venefi'ciously. adv. [from veneficiwn, Latin.] By poifon or
witchcraft. J
Left witches fhould draw or prick their names therein,
and veneficioujly mifehief their perfons, they broke the
fhell. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Ve'nemous. adj. [from venin, Fr.] Poifonous. Commonly,
though not better, venomous.
The barbarians faw the venomous beaft hang on his
ASls xxviii. 4.
ToVENENATE. v.a. [veneno, Latin.] To poifon ; to infed! with poifon.
Thefe miafms entering the body, are not fo energic, as to
• venenate^ the - entire mafs of blood in an inftant. Harvey.
By giving this in fevers after calcination, whereby the venenate parts are carried off. Woodward on Fojftls.
Venena'tion. n.f [from venenate.] Poifon; venom.
This venenation jhoots from the eye ; and this way a bafi-
• lift may impoifon. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Venene. ladj. [veneneux, Fr. from venenum, Latin.] PoiVeneno'se. j fonous; venemous.
Dry air opens the furface of the earth to difincarcerate ve¬
nene bodies, or to attra& or evacate them hence. Harvey.
JVIalphigi, in his treatife of galls, under which he com¬
prehends all preternatural and morbofe tumours of plants demonftrates that all fuch tumours, 'where any infects are
• found, are raifed up by fome venenofe liquor, which, toGether with their eggs, fuch infers ftied upon the leaves, jtay.
VE'NERABLE. adj. [venerable, Fr. veherabilis, Latin.] To
be Regarded with awe ; to be treated with reverence.
As by the miniftry of faints, it pleafed God there to fhew
: fome rate effedt of his power; or in regard of death, which
thofe faints have fuffered for the teftimony of Jefus Chffft,
• did thereby make the places where they died venerable. Hooker.
To make the paifage eafy, fafe, and plain,
.That leads us to this venerable wall. Fairfax.
V E N
Yc lamps of heav’n ! he Paid, and lifted high
His hands, now free. Thou venerable fty ! °
Inviolable pow’rs, ador’d with dread.
Be all of you adjur’d. Dryd,n’i M«. If.
venerably, adj. [from venerable.] In a manner that excites
reverence.
I he Palatine, proud Rome’s imperial feat.
An awful pile ! Hands venerably great.
J hither the kingdoms and the nations come. Addifon.
To Ve nerate. v a. [venerer, Fr. veneror, Latin.] To re¬
verence ; to treat with veneration ; to regard with awe.
When bafenefs is exalted, do not bate
The place its honour for the perfon’s fake:
The fhiine is that which thou doft venerate,
And not the beaft that bears it on its back. Herberts
The lords and ladies here approaching paid
Their homage, with a low obeifance made;
And feem’d to venerate the facred fhade. Dryden.
A good clergyman muft love and venerate the gofpel that
he teaches, and prefer it to all other learning. Clarifa.
eneration. n.J. [veneration, Fr. verieratio, Lat.] Reverend
regard; awful refpedl.
Theology is the comprehenfion of all other knowledge,
irec. e to its true end, i. e. the honour and veneration of
thwre?0j’ anJ the haPPinefs of mankind. Locke.
e find a fecret awe and veneration for one who moves
above us in a regular and illuftrious courfe of virtue. Addifon.
Venerator. n.J. [from venerate.] Reverencer.
If the ftate of things, as they now appear, involve a re¬
pugnancy to an eternal exiftence, the arguments muft be
conclufive to thofe great priefts and venerators of nature. Hale.
Vene'real. adj. [venereus, Latin.]
1. Relating to love.
Thefe are no venereal figns ;
Vengeance is in my heart, death in my hand. Sbakef.
I hen fwol’n with pride, into the fnare I fell,
Of fair fallacious looks, venereal trains,
Soften’d with pleafure and voluptuous life. Milton.
1 hey are averfe to venereal pleafure. Addifon.
2. onfiffing of copper, called venus by cbemifts.
Blue vitriol, how venereal and unfophifticated foever, rube upon the whetted blade of a knife, will not impart its
latent colour. BA
Venemous. adj. [from venery.] Libidinous ; luftful. . ** *'
\tt?/\ti ' ^ie^er than the ^emale, and very venereaus. Derb.
ViY N.LKY. n.f [veiicrie, from vener, Fr.]
1. The fport of hunting.
T. o the woods flie goes to ferve her turn,
And feek her fpoufe, that from her ftiil does fly.
And follows other game and venery. Fairy 9ueeHi
Defcribing beafts of venery and fifhes, he hath fparinGTy inferted the vulgar conditions thereof. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Vhe Norman demolifhed many churches and chapels in
New Foreft, to make it fitter for his pleafure and vent2' T/ , ^ Howel
2. [from Venus.] The pleafures of the bed.
Contentment, without the pleafure of lawful venery, is
continence; of unlawful, chaftity. Grew's Csfmol
Veney. n.f About; a turn. J
I bruis d my fhin with playing at fword and dagger, three
veneys for a difh of ftewed prunes. 6bakefpeare.
Venesection, n.f [vena and feftio, Latin.] Blood-letting;
the aft of opening a vein ; phlebotomy.
If the inflammation be fudden, after evacuation by lenient
purgatives, or a clyfter and veneJ"e£lion, have recourfe to ano-
>-p t- lVifeman's Surgery.
To VENGE. v.a. [venger, French.] To avenge; to punifh.
_ _ You are above.
You juftices, that thefe our nether crimes,
So fpeedily can venge. Sbakef
Ve'ngeable. adj. [from venge. ] Revengeful; malicious*
A thrillant dart he threw,
Headed with ire, and vengeable defpite. StenCrr
VE'NGEANCE. f. [venfmee, French.] * 1
I. Punilhment; penal retribution ; avengement.
The^ right conceit which they had, that to perjury ven¬
geance is due, was not without |;ood effedt as touching their
lives, who feared the wilful violation of oaths. Hooker.
All the ftor’d vengeances of heaven fall
On her ingrateful top ! Shakcfpeare’s K Lear
The fouls of all that I had murder’d
Came to my tent, and every one did threat
To-morrow’s vengeance on the head of Richard. Sbakef
Let me fee thy vengeance on them. Jer X) 2(
Reflations of future reforming do not always fatisl
thy juftice, nor prevent thy vengeance for former mifea
nages. , A'. Charh
Jove s and Latona s fon his wrath exprefs’d.
In vengeance of his violated prieft. Dryde.
; T hcehorusinterceeded with heaven for the innocent, an
implored its vengeance on the criminal. Addifon's Spefiata
4 2. It
Milton.
Hudibras.
Milton.
Prior.
Shakefpeare.
Shakefpeare.
VEN
2.It is ufed in familiar language. To do with a vengeance, is to
do with vehemence ; what a vengeance, emphatically what.
Till the day appear, of refpiration to the juft,
And vengeance to the wicked. Milton.
When the fame king adventured to murmur, the pope
could threaten to teach him his duty with a vengeance. Raleigh.
Afmodeus the filhy fume
Drove, though enamour’d, from the fpoufe
Of Tobit’s fon, and with a vengeance Cent
From Medea poft to Egypt, there faft bound.
But what a vengeance makes thee fly
From me too, as thine enemy ?
Ve'ngeful. ad), [from vengeance and full.] Vindictive; re¬
vengeful ; retributive.
Doubt not but God
Hath wifelier arm’d his vengeful ire.
Diftembling for her lake his rifing cares.
And with wife lilence pond’ring vengeful wars
Vf. niable. ) acr rven;et fr. from venia, Latin.]
Venial. i 7
1. Pardonable ; lufeeptive of pardon ; excuiable.
If they do nothing ’tis a venial flip. Shakefpeare.
More veniable is a dependence upon potable gold, whereof
Paracelfus, who died himfelf at forty-feven, gloried that he
could make other men immortal. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
What horror will invade the mind,
When the Uriel judge, who would be kind.
Shall have few venial faults to find ? Rofcommon.
While good men are in extirpating mortal fins, 1 fhould
rallv the world out of indecencies and venial tranfgreffions. Addifon.
2. Permitted ; allowed.
No more of talk where God, or angel-gueft.
With man, as with his friend, familiar us’d
To fit indulgent, and with him partake
Rural repaft ; permitting him the while
Venial difcourfe unblam’d. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Ve'nialness. n. f. [from venial.] State of being excufable.
Venison, n.f [venaifoni French.] Game; beaft of chafe;
the flefti of deer.
Shall we kill us venifon ?
And yet it irks me, the poor dappled fools
Shou’d have their round haunches gor’d.
We have a hot venifon pafty to dinner
In the records of Ireland
park, though there be v... - j
land. ~ ‘ Davies's Hifl. of Ireland.
He for the feaft prepar’d.
In equal portions with the venfon fhar’d. Dryden.
VENOM, n.f [venin, French.] Poifon.
Your eyes, which hitherto hath borne in them
The fatal balls of murthering bafilifks :
The venom of filch looks we fairly hope
Have loft their quality. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Beware of yonder dog ;
Look, when he fawns, he bites ; and, when he bites.
His venom tooth will rankle to the death. Shakef. Rich. III.
Like fometall tree, the monfter of the wood,
O’erfhading all that under him would grow,
He fneds his venom on the plants below.
To Venom, v. a. To infedl with venom.
Venomous, adj. [from venom.]
i.Poifonous.
Thy tears are falter than a younger man’s,
And venomous to thy eyes. Shakefp. Coriolanue.
Malignant; mifehievous.
A pofterity not unlike their majority of mifehievous pro¬
genitors ; a venomous and deftrudlive progeny. Brown.
This fallity was broached by Cochleus, a venomous writer ;
one carelefs of truth or fallhood. _ Addifon.
Ve'Yomously. adv. [from venomous.] Poifonoufly; milchievolifly ; malignantly.
His unkindnefs,
That ftrip’d her from his benedi&iori, turn’d her
To foreign cafualties. Thefe things fting him
So venomoufy, that burning fhame detains him
From his Cordelia. 0 Shakefp. K. Lear.
His praife of foes is venomqufy nice ;
So touch’d, it turns a virtue to a vice. . Dryden.
Ve/nomousness. n. f. [from venomous.] Poifonoufnefs ; ma¬
lignity.
VEN 1 .n.f [fente, French.]
i. A lmall aperture) a hole ; a fpiracle; paflage at which any
thing is let out.
On her breaft
There is a vent of blood, and fomething blown ;
The like is on her arm. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
They at once their reeds
Put forth, and to a narrow vent apply’d
With niceft touch. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Have near the bung-hole a little wwi-hole flopped with a
fpile. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
, no mention is made of any
vert and venifon within this
Dryden.
2.
-VEN
Scarce any countries that are much annoyed with earth¬
quakes, that have not one of thefe fiery vents, difgorging
that fire, whereby it gains an exit. IVoodward.
To draw any drink, be not at the trouble of opening a vent ;
or if you take out the vent, flay not to put it in. Swift.
Full o’er their heads the fwelling bag he rent,
And all the furies iflued at the vent. Pope.
2. Paftage out of fecrecy to publick notice.
It failed by late fetting-out, and fome contrariety of wea¬
ther, whereby the particular defign took vent before¬
hand. JVotton.
3. The a£l of opening.
The farmer’s cades mature.
Now call for vent; his lands exhauft, permit
T’ indulge a-while. Philips.
4. Emiffion ; paftage.
The fmother’d fondnefs burns within him j
When moft it fwells and labours for a vent,
The fenfe of honour, and deftre of fame,
Drive the big paflion back into his heart. Addifon's Cato.
5. Difcharge ; means of difeharge.
Had, like grief, been dew’d in tears,
Without the vent of words. Milton.
Land-floods are a great improvement of land, where a
vent can be had. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
6. [vente, Fr. venditio, Lat.] Sale.
For the mart, it was alledged that the vent for Englifh
cloaths would hereby be open in all times of war. Hayward.
By this war there is no vent for any commodity but of
woo] Temple's Mifcellany.
He drew off a thoufand copies of a treatife, which not
one in threefcore can underftand, can hardly exceed the vent
of that number. Pope s Letters.
To Vent. v. a. [venter, French, from the noun; fventare,
Italian.]
1. To let out at a fmall aperture.
2. To let out ; to give way to.
Hunger broke ftone walls ; that the gods fent not
Corn for the rich men only: with thefe fhreds
They vented their complainings. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
When men are young, and have little elfe to do, they
might vent the overflowings of their fancy that way. Denham.
Lab’ring ftill, with endlefs difeontent.
The queen of heav’n did thus her fury vent. Dryden.
3. To utter 5 to report.
Had it been vented and impofed in fome of the moft learned
ages, it might then, with fome pretence of reafon, have
been faid to be the invention of fome crafty ftatefman. Stephens.
4. To emit; to pour out.
Revoke thy doom.
Or whilft I can vent clamour from my throat.
I’ll tell thee thou doft evil. Shakejpear's K. Lear.
5. To publifh.
Their fe&ators did greatly enrich their inventions, by
venting the ftolen treafures of divine letters, alter’d by profane
additions, and difguifed by poetical converftons. Raleigh.
6. To fell; to carry to fale.
This profitable merchandize not rifing to a proportionable
enhancement with other lefs beneficial commodities, they
impute to the owners not venting and venturing the
fame. Carew.
Therefore did thofe nations vent fuch fpice, fweet gums
and pearls, as their own countries yielded. Raleigh.
To Vent. v.n. To fnuff. As he venteth into the air. Spenfer.
Ve'ntail. n.f. [from vantail, Fr.] That part of the helmet
made to lift up. Spenfer.
VENTA'NNA. n.f. [Spanilh.] A window.
What after pafs’d
Was far from the ventanna, when I fate ;
But you were near, and can the truth relate. Dryden.
VENTER, n.f. [Latin.]
1. Any cavity of the body, chiefly applied to the head, breaft and
abdomen, which are called by anatomifts the three venters.
2. Womb; mother.
A has ifliie B a fon, and C a daughter, by one venter;
and D a fon by another venter. If B purchafes in fee, and
dies without iiTue, it fhall defeend to the filler, and not to
the brother of the half blood. Hale.
Ve'ntiduct. n.f. [ventus and duClus^ Latin.] A paflage for
the wind.
Having been informed of divers ventiducts, I wilh I had
had the good fortune, when I was at Rome, to take notice
of thefe organs. Boyle.
To VE'NTILATE. v. a. [ventilo, Latin.]
1. To fan with wind.
In clofe, low, and dirty alleys, the air is penn’d up, and
obftrutfted from being ventilated by the winds. Harvey.
Miners, by perflations with large bellows, letting down
tubes, and linking new lhafts, give free paflage to the air,
which ventilates and cools the mines. IVoodward.
2. To winnow ; to fan.
3. To examine; to difeufs.
Nor
YEN VER
Nor is the right of the party, nor the judicial procefs in
right of that party fo far perenipted ; but that the fame may
be begun again, and ventilated de novo. Aylife.
Ve ntilation', n.f [ventilatio, Lat. from ventilate.']
1. The ad of fanning; the ftate of being fanned.
The foul, worn with too frequent culture, muft lie fallow,
till it has recruited its exhaufted falts, and again enriched itfelf by the ventilations of the air. Addifon.
2. Vent; utterance. Not in ufe.
To his fecretary Dodor Mafon, whom he let lie in a pal¬
let near him, for natural ventilation of his thoughts, he would
break out into bitter eruptions. IVotton's Buckingham.
3. Refrigeration.
Procure the blood a free courfe, ventilation and tranfpiration by luitable and ecphradic purees. Harvey.
Ventilator, n.f [from ventilated] An inftrument contrived
by Dr. Hale to fupply clofe places with frelh air.
Ve'ntricle. n. J. [ventrieule, Fr. ventrieulus, Latin.]
1. The ftomach.
Whether I will or not, while I live, my heart beats, and
my ventricle digefts what is in it. Hale.
2. Any fmall cavity in an animal body, particularly thofe of
the heart. ••
Rriow’ft thou how blood, which to the heart doth flow.
Doth from one ventricle to the other go ? Donne.
The heart being a mufcular part, the fides are compoled
of two orders of fibres running fpirally from bafe to top,
contrarily one to the other ; and fo being drawn or con¬
tracted, conftringe the ventricles, and ftrongly force out the
blood. Ray.
The mixture of blood and chyle, after its circulation
through the lungs, being brought back into the left ventricle
of the heart, is drove again by the heart into the aorta,
through the whole arterial fyftem. Arbuthnot.
Vrntr/loquist. n.f. [ventriloque,¥r. venter and loquor, Lat.]
One who fpeaks in fitch a manner as that the found feems
to iffue from his belly.
VENTURE, n. f [avanture, Fr.]
1. A hazard; an undertaking of chance and danger.
When he reads
Thy perfonal venture in the rebel’s fight.
His wonders and his praifes do contend
Which flhould be thine or his. Shakefp. Macbeth.
For a man to doubt whether there be any hell, and there¬
upon to live fo as if abfolutely there were none ; but when
- he dies to find himfelf confuted in the flames, this muft be
the height of woe and difappointinent, and a bitter convidion
of an irrational venture, and ablurd choice. South.
I, in this venture, double gains purfue,
And laid out all my ftock to purchafe you. Dryden.
When infinite happinefs is put in one fcale, againft infinite
mifery in the other; if the worft that comes to the pious
man, if he miftakes, be the beft that the wicked can attain
to, if he be in the right, who can, without madnefs, run
the venture ? Locke.
2. Chance; hap.
The king refolved with all fpeed to affail the rebels, and
yet with that providence and furety, as fhould leave little to
venture or fortune. , Bacon.
3. The thing put to hazard ; a flake.
My ventures are not in one bottom trufted,
Nor to one place. Shakep. Mer. of Venice.
On fuch a full fea are we now a-float:
And we muft take the current when it ferves.
Or lofe our ventures. Shakefp. fulius Ccefar.
Thrice happy you, that look as from the fhore,
And have no venture in the wreck to fee. Daniel.
4. At a Venture. At hazard; without much confideration ;
without any thing more than the hope of a lucky chance.
You have made but an eftimate of thofe lands at a venture,
fo as it fhould be hard to build any certainty of charge
upon it. SpetijCr.
A bargain at a venture made.
Between two partners in a trade. Hudibras.
A covetous and an envious man joined in a petition to
Jupiter, who ordered Apollo to tell them that their defire
lhould be granted' at a venture, L’Eflrange.
Here was no fcampering away at a venture, without fear
or wit. L'Ejlrange.
If Ahab be defigned for death, though a foldier in the
enemy’s army draws a bow at a venture, yet the fure, un¬
erring directions of providence fhall carry it in a UireCt courfe
to his heart. South.
To Venture, v.n. [from the noun.]
J. To dare.
A man were better rife in his fuit; for he that would have
venter/d-at firft to have loft the fuitor, will not in the conclufion lofe both the fuitor and his own former favour. Bacon.
Origen mentioning their being caft out of Jerufalem, ven¬
tures to allure them that they would never be re-eftabliflied,
ftnee they had committed that horrid crime againft the faviour
of the world, Addifon on the C.hrijhan Religion,
3
2. To run a hazard.
Nor is indeed that man lefs mad than thefe.
Who freights a Ihip to venture on the feas,
With one frail interpofing plank to fave
From certain death, roll'd on by ev’ry wave. Dryden.
I am fo overjoy’d, I can lcarce believe I am at liberty ;
like a bird that has often beaten her wing in vain againft her
cage, dare hardly venture out, though file lee it open. Dryden.
3. To VVnture at. ) To engage in ; or make attempts
To Ve'nture on or upon. J without any fecurity offuccefs,
upon mere hope.
That Hander is found a truth now ; and held for certain.
The king will venture at it. Sbakefpcare.
It were a matter of great profit, fave that it is too con¬
jectural to venture upon, if one could difeern what corn,
herbs, or fruits are like to be in plenty and fcarcity, by fome
figns in the beginning of the year. Bacon.
I never yet the tragic ftrain eftay’d,
Deterr’d by that inimitable maid :
And when I venture at the comic ftile.
Thy fcornful lady feems to mock my toil. fTaller.
Though they had ideas enough to diftinguifh gold from a
ftone, yet they but timoroufiy ventured on fuch terms as
aurietas and faxietas. Locke.
Turco-Papifmus I would defire him to read, before he
ventures at capping of characters. Atterbury.
To Ve/nture. v. a.
1. To expofe to hazard.
In my lchool-days, when I had loft one Ihaft,
I fhot his fellow of the felf-fame flight;
By venturing both, I oft found both. Shakefp.
2. To put or fend on a venture.
The filh ventured for France, they pack in ftaunch hogfheads, fo as to keep them in their pickle. Carezv.
Venturer, n. f. [from venture.] He who ventures.
Ve'nturous. adj. [from venture.] Daring, bold, fearlefs;
ready to run hazards.
Charles wras guided by mean men, who would make it their
mafter-piece of favour to give venturous counfels, which no
great or wife man would. Bacon.
He paus’d not, but with vent'rous arm
He pluck’d, he tailed. Milton’s Par. Loft.
• The vent'rous humour of our mariners cofts this ifland
many brave lives every year. Temple.
Savage pirates feelc through feas unknown.
The lives of others, vent'rous of their own. Pope.
Venturously, adv. [from venturous.] Daringly; fearlefsly;
boldly.
Siege was laid to the fort by the Lord Gray, then deputy,
with a fmaller number than thofe were within the fort; venturoufy indeed ; but hafte was made to attack them before
the rebels came in to them. Bacon.
Ve'nturousness. n.f. [from venturous.] Boldnefs ; willingnels to hazard.
Her coming into a place where the walls and cielings were
whited over, much offended her fight, and made her repent
her vent'roufnefs. Boyle on Colours.
Ve'nus’ bafin.
Ve'nus'comb. I
Ve'nus'hair. > n. f. Plants.
Ve'nus’ looking-glafs. I
VeEjus’ navel-wort. J
Vera'city. n.f [verax, Latin.]
1. Moral truth ; honefty of report.
2. Phyfical truth ; confiftency of report with fad. Lefs proper.
When they fubmitted to the moft ignominious and cruel
deaths, rather than retrad their teftimony, there was no reafon
to doubt the veracity of thofe fads which they related. Addifon.
Vera'cious. adj. [verax, Latin.] Gbfervant of truth.
Verb. n.f. [verbe, Ytverbum, Lat.] A part of fpeech fignifying exiftence, or fome modification thereof, as adion, paffion. And withal fome difpofition or intention of the mind
relating thereto, as of affirming, denying, interrogating,
commanding. Clarke's Latin Grammar.
Men ufually talk of a noun and a verb. Shakef.
Ve'rbal. adj. [verbal, Lr. verbalis, Latin.]
1. Spoken, not written.
2. Oral; uttered by mouth. ,
Made fhe no verbal quell?-
--Yes; once or twice fhe heav’d the name of father
Pantingly forth, as if it prell her heart. Shakefpeare.
3. Confilling in mere words.
If young African for fame,
His wafted country freed from Punick rage,
The deed becomes unprais’d, the man at leaft j
And lofes, though but verbal, his reward. Milton.
Being at firft out of the way to fcience, in the progrefs
of their inquiries they muft lofe themfelves, and the truth,
in a verbal labyrinth. Glanville.
It was fuch a denial or confeftion of him as would appear
ip preaching: but this is managed in words and verbal profeflion. South.
29 D NegleCl
VER VER
4. Verbofe; full of words. Out of ufc.
I am forry
You put me to forget a lady’s manners.
By being fo verbal. Shakefp.
5. Minutely exadf in words.
6. Literal; having word anfweringto word.
Negledi the rules each verbal critick lays,
For not to know fome trifles is a praile. Pope.
W-hofoever offers at verbal tranflation, fhall have the mis¬
fortune of that young traveller, who loft his own language
abroad, and brought home no other inftead of it. Denham.
The verbal copier is incumber’d with fo many difficulties at
once, that he can never difentangle himfelf from all. Dryden.
7. [verbal, Fr. in grammar.] A verbal noun is a noun derived
from a verb.
Verba'lity. n.f. [from verbal.] Mere bare words.
Sometimes he will leem to be charmed with words of
holy feripture, and to fly from the letter and dead verbality,
who muft only ftart at the life and animated materials
thereof. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Ve'rbally. adv. [from verbal.]
1. In words; orally.
The manner of our denying the deity of Chrift here pro¬
hibited, was by words and oral expreffions verbally to
deny it. South's Sermons.
2. Word for word.
’Tis almoft impoffible to tranflate verbally, and well, at
the fame time. Dryden.
VERBATIM, adv. [Latin.] Word for word.
Think not, although in writing I preferr’d
The manner of thy vile outragious crimes.
That therefore I have forg’d, or am not able
Verbatim to rehearfe the method of my pen. Shakefp.
See the tranferipts of both charters verbatim in Mat.
Paris. Hale.
To Ve'rbeRATE. v. a. [verbero, Lat.] To beat; to ftrike.
Verbera'tion. n.f. [verberation, Fr. from verierate.] Blows;
beating.
Riding or walking againft great winds is a great exercife,
the effedts of which are rednefs and inflammation ; all the
effects of a foft prefs or verberation. Arbuthnot.
VERBOSE, adj. [verbofus, Lat.] Exuberant in words; pro¬
lix ; tedious by multiplicity of words.
Let envy
Ill-judging and verbofe, from Lethe’s lake.
Draw tuns unmeafurable. Prior.
They ought to be brief, and not too verbofe in their way of
fpeaking; and to propound the matter of their argument in
a mild and gentle manner. Aytiffe's Parergon.
Verbosity.n.f. [ verbofte, Fr. from verbofe.] Exuberance
of words ; much empty talk.
He draweth out the thread of his verbofity
Finer than the ftaple of his argument. Shakefp.
To give an hint more of the verbofties of this philofophy,
a fhort view of a definition or two will be fufficient evi¬
dence. Glanville.
Homer is guilty of verbofity, and of a tedious prolix
manner of fpeaking: he is the greateft talker of all an¬
tiquity. Broome.
Ve'rdant. n.f. [verdoiant, Fr. viridans, Lat.] Green. This
word is fo lately naturalized, that Skinner could find it only
in a dictionary.
Each odorous bufhy fhrub
Fenc’d up the verdant wall. Milton.
Vf/rderer. n.f. [verdier, Fr. viridarius, low Lat.] An of¬
ficer in the foreft.
Verdict, n.f. [verum dinum, Latin.]
1. The determination of the jury declared to the judge.
Before the jury go together, ’tis all to nothing what the
verdibl fhall be. Spenjer.
2. Declaration ; decifion ; judgment; opinion.
Deceived greatly they are, who think that all they whofe
names are cited amongft the favourers of this caufe, are on
any fuch verdiff agreed. Hooker.
Thefe were enormities condemned by the moft natural
verdin of common humanity; and fo very grofs and foul,
that no man could pretend ignorance avoided. South.
Ve'rdigrise. n. f The rult of brafs, which in time being
confumcd and eaten with tallow, turneth into green; in
Latin arugo ; in French vert de gris, or the hoary
green. Peacham.
Brafs turned into green, is called verdigrife. Bacon.
Ve'rditure. n.f.
Verditure ground with a weak gum arable water, is the
fainteft and paleft green. Peacham.
VERDURE, n.f [verdure, Fr.] Green; green colour.
Its verdure clad
Her univerfal face with pleafant green. Alilton.
Let twifted olive bind thole laurels faft,
Whofe verdure muft for ever laft. Ptior.
Ve'rdurous. adj. [from vcrduie. ] Green; covered with
green; decked with green.
Higher than their tops
The verd'rous wall of paradife up-fprung;
Which to our general fire gave profpeeft large. Miltno.
There the lowing herds chew verd'rous pafturc. Philips.
Verecu nd, adj. [verecond, old French; verecundus, Latin.]
Modeft; bafhful. Din.
VERGE, n.f [verge, Fr. virga, Latin.]
1. A rod, or fomething in form of a rod, carried as an emblem
of authority. I he mace of a dean.
Suppofe him now a dean compleat,
Devoutly lolling in his feat;
The filver verge, with decent pride,
Stuck underneath his cufhion fide. Swift.
2. [vergo, Latin.] The brink ; the edge ; the utmoft border.
Would the inclufive verge
Of golden metal, that muft round my brow, *
Were red-hot fteel to lear me to the brain. Shakefp.
I fay, and will in battle prove,
Or here, or elfewhere, to the furtheft verge,
That ever was furvey’d by Englifh eye. Shakefp.
You are old, .
Nature in you ftands on the very verge
Of her confine. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Serve they as a flow’ry verge to bind
The fluid fkirts of that fame watry cloud,
Left it again diffolve and fhow’r the earth. Milton.
Let fortune empty her whole quiver on me,
I have a foul, that, like an ample fhield.
Can take in all, and verge enough for more. Dryden.
Every thing great, within the verge of nature, or out of it,
has a proper part afligned it in this poem. Addifon.
Then let him chufe a damfel young and fair.
To blefs his age, and bring a worthy heir,
To footh his care, and, free from noife and ftrife.
Conduit him gently to the verge of life. Pope.
3. In law.
Verge is the compafs about the king’s court, bounding the
jurifdidtion of the lord fteward of the king’s houfhold, and of
the coroner of the king’s houfe, and which leems to have
been 12 miles round. Verge hath alfo another fignification,
and is ufed for a ftick, or rod, whereby one is admitted te¬
nant, and, holding it in his hand, fweareth fealty to the
lord of a manor; who, for that reafon, is called tenant by
the vetge. Cowel.
Fear not; whom we raife.
We will make faft within a hallow’d verge. Shakefp.
To Verge, v. n. [vergo, Lat.] To tend ; to bend downwards.
They ferve indifferently for vowels in refpedt of the aper¬
ture, and for confonants in refpedt of the pene-appulfe ; and
fo much the more verging either way, according to the refpedtive occafions. Holder.
The nearer I find myfelf verging to that period of life
which is to be labour and forrow, the more I prop myfelf
upon thofe few fupports that are left. Swift.
Such are indicated, when the juices of a human body verge
to putrefaction. > Arbuthnot.
Man,
Perhaps adts fecond to fome fphere unknown ;
Touches fome wheel, or verges to fome goal ;
’Tis but a part we fee, and not the whole. Popes.
Ve'rger. n.f. [from verge.] He that carries the mace before
the dean.
I can tip the verger with half a crown, and get into the
beft feat. Farquhar.
Veri dical, adj. [veridicus, Latin.] Telling truth. Din.
Verification, n.f. [from verify.] Confirmation by argu¬
ment or evidence.
In verification of this we will mention a phenomenon of
our engine. Boyle.
To VERIFY, v.n. [verifier, Fr.] To juftify againft charge of
fallhood ; ,to confirm ; to prove true.
What feemeth to have been uttered concerning fermons,
and their efficacy or neceffity, in regard of divine matter,
muft confequently be verified in fundry other kinds of teach¬
ing, if the matter be the fame in all. Hooker.
This is verified by a number of examples, that whatfoever
is gained by an abufive treaty, ought to be reftored. Bacon.
So fhalt thou beft fulfill, beft verify
The prophets old, who fung thy endlefs reign. Allton.
So fpake this oracle, then verify d.
When Jefus, fon of Mary, fecond Eve,
Saw Satan fall. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Though you may miftake a year;
Though your prognofticks run too faft.
They muft be verify d at laft. Swift.
Spain fiiall have three kings; which is now wonderlully
verified; for befides the king of Portugal, there are now
two rivals for Spain. Swift's Merlins Prophecy,
Ve'rily. adj. [from very.]
1. In truth ; certainly.
Verily ’tis better to be lowly born.
Than to be perk’d up in a glift’ring grief. Shakefp!are.
2. With
V E R V E R
2. With great confidence.
It was verily thought, that had it not been for four great
disfavourers of that voyage, the enterprize had fucceeded. Bacon.
By repealing the facramcntal teft, we are verily perfuaded
the confequence will be an entire alteration of religion
among us. Swift on the Sacramental Tejl.
Verisimilar. adj. [verifimilis, Latin.] Probable; likely.
Verisimilitude, ft.J. [verifunilitudo, Latin.] Probability;
Verisimi lity. i likelihood; refemblance of truth.
Touching the verijimility or probable truth of this rela¬
tion, fevera! reafons feem to overthrow it. Brown.
A noble nation, upon whom if not fitch verities, at leaft
fuch verijhnilitics of fortitude were placed. Brown s Vul. Er.
Verjumlitude and opinion are an ealy purchafe; but true
knowledge is dear and difficult. Like a point, it requires an
• acutenefs to its difeovery: while vcrifimilitudc, like the ex¬
panded luperficies, is obvious, fenfible, and affords a large
and eafy field for loofe enquiry. Glanviltc.
The plot, the wit, the characters, the paffions, are exalted
as high as the imagination of the poet can carry them, with
proportion- fo verijimility. Dryden's EJfay on Dramatic/: Poetry.
Though Horace gives permiifion to painters and poets to
dare every thing, yet he encourages neither to make things
out of nature and verijimility. Dryclcn.
Ve'ritable, adj. [veritable, Fr.] True ; agreeable to fait.
Indeed ! is’t true ?
--MoPt ve: itabletherefore look to’t well. Shahfp.
The prefage of the year fucceeding made from infects in
oak-apples, is I doubt too indiftinct, nor veritable from
event. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Verity, n. f [verite, Fr. veritas, Latin.]
I Truth ; confonance to the reality of things.
If any refufe to believe us difputingfor the verity of religion
' eftablifhed, let them believe God himfelf thus miraculoufly
working for it. Hooker.
I law their Weapons drawn ; there was a noife ;
That’s verity. Sbakcfpeare's Tcmpejl.
The precipitancy of deputation, and the ftir and noife of
• panions that Ufually attend it, mud needs be prejudicial to
ve ity ; its calm infinuations can no more be heard in filch a
buftle, than a whiffle among a croud of Tailors in a
• {form. Glanville.
It is a propofition of eternal verity, that none can govern
while he is defpifed. We may as well imagine that there
' may be a king without majeffy, a fupreme without fo-
' vereignty. South.
2. A true alfertion ; a true tenet.
And that age, which my grey hairs make feem more than
it is, hath not diminifhed in me the power to protect an un¬
deniable verity. Sidney.
Wherefore fhould any man think, but that reading itfelf
is one of the ordinary means, whereby it pleafetii God, of
his gracious goodnefs, to inftil that celeftial verity, which
being but fo received, is neverthelefs effectual' to fave
fouls. Hooker.
If there come truth from them,
Why by the verities on thee made good.
May they not be my oracles as well ?
Muff virtue be preferved by a lie ?
Virtue and truth do ever bell agree ;
By this it feems to be a verity,
Since the effects fo good and virtuous be. Davies.
3. Moral truth; agreement of the words with the thoughts.
Ve'rjuice. n.f. [verjus, French.] Acid liquor expreffed from
crab-apples. It is vulgarly pronounced varges.
Hang a dog upon a crab-tree, and he'll never love
verjuice. L'Ejlrange.
The barley-pudding comes in place :
Then bids fall on ; himfelf, for faving charges,
A peel’d flic’d onion eats, and tipples verjuice. Drydcn.
The native verjuice of the crab, deriv’d
Through th’ infix’d grafF, a grateful mixture forms
Of tart and fweet. Philips.
VERM1CE'LLL n.f. [Italian.] A pafte rolled and broken in
the form of worms.
With oyffers, eggs, and vermicelli,
She let him almoff burft his belly. Prior.
Vermicular, adj. [vertniculus, Latin.] Ailing like a worm ;
continued from cue part to another of the fame body.
By the vermicular motion of the inteffines, the grofler
parts are derived downwards, while the finer are fqueez’d
into the narrow orifices of the laifeal veflels. Cheyne.
To Vermi'culate. v. a. [vermicule, Fr. Verfnitidatus, Lat.]
To inlay ; to work in chequer work, of pieces of divers
colours. _ r Bailey.
Vermicula'tion. n.f. [from vermiculatef Continuation of
motion from one part to another.
My heart moves naturally by the motion of palpitation ;
my guts by the motion of ve< miculation. Hale.
Ve^micule. n.f. [vermiculus, vermis, Latin.] A little grub,
worm. .
Shakefp.
I faw the fhining oak-ball ichneumon ffrike its terebra into
an oak-apple, to lay its eggs therein : and hence are many vertnicules feen towards the outfide of thefe apples. Derham.
Vermi'culous. adj. [vermiculofus, Lat.] Full of grubs.
Vf/kmiform. adj. [vermiform*, hr. vermis and forma, Lat.]
Having the fhape of a worm.
Vermifuge, n.f. [from vermis and fugo, Lat.] Any medi¬
cine that deflroys or expels worms.
VmmVuoh. (*•/ Fr-J
1. The cochineal ; a grub of a particular plant.
2. FaHitious or native cinnabar; fulphur mixed with mercury.
This is the ufual, though not primitive fignincation.
The imperfedf metals are fubjeit to ru.'t, except mer¬
cury, which is made into ve million by foliation or cal¬
cination. Bacon.
The faireft and moft principal red is Vermillion, called in
Latin minium. It is a poifon, and found where great ftore of
quickfilver is. Peacham.
3. Any beautiful red colour.
How the red roles fliifh up in her cheeks,
And the pure fnow with goodly vermil lfain,
Like crimfon dy’d in grain. Spcnfer.
l'here grew a goodly tree him fair befide,
Loaden with fruit and apples rofie red,
As they in pure vermilion had been dy’d.
Whereof great virtues over all were read. Fairy Queen.
Simple colours are ftrong and fenfible, though they, are
clear as Vermillion. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
To Vermi'lion. v. a. [from the noun.] To die red.
A (prightly red vermilions all her face,
And her eyes languifh with unufual grace. Granville..
VE'RMINE. n f [vermine, Fr. vermis, Latin.] Any noxious
animal. Ufed commonly for final! creatures.
What is your ftudy ?-
— How to prevent the fiend, and to kill vermin. Shakefp.
The head of a wolf, dried and hanged up in a dovehoufe, will fcare away vermin, fuch as weazels and polecats. Bacon.
An idle perfon only lives to fpend his time, and eat the
fruits of the earth, like a vermin or a wolf. Taylor.
The flars determine
You are my prifoners, bare vermin. Hudibras.
A weazle taken in a trap, was charg’d with mifdemeanors,
and the poor vermin flood much upon her innocence. L'Ejlr.
Great injuries thefe vermin, mice and rats, do in the
field. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
Fie that has fo little wit
To nourifh vermin, may be bit. Swift.
To VE/RMINATE. v. n. [from vermin ] To breed vermine.
Vermina'tion. n.f [from verminate.] Generation of ver¬
mine.
Redi difearding anomalous generation, tried experiments
relating to the ve’mination of ferpents and flefh. Derham.
Ve'rminous. adj. [from vermine.] Tendingto vermine; difpofed to breed vermine.
A wafting of childrens flefh depends upon fome obftruction
of the entrails, or verminous difpofition of the body. Harvey.
Vermi'parous. adj. [vermis and pario, Lat.] Producing
worms.
Hereby they confound the generation of vermiparous ani¬
mals with oviparous. Brown's VulgarErrours.
Verna'cular. adj. [ve-naeulus, Latin.J Native; of one’s
own country.
London weekly bills number deep in confumptions; the
fame likewife proving infeparable accidents to moft other
difeafes; which inftances do evidently bring a coifiumption
under the notion of a vernacidar difeafe to England. Harvey.
The hiftories of all our former waps are tranfmitted to us
in our vernacular idiom. I do not find in any of opr chro¬
nicles, that Edward the third ever reconnoiter’d the enemy,
though he often difeovered the pofture of the French, an,d as
often vanquifhed them. Addifon.
Ve'&nal. adj. [vernus, Latin.] Belonging to the fprino-.
With the year
Seafons return ; but not to me returns,
Or fight of vernal bloom, <?r fummer’s rofe. Milton.
Wrnant. n.f. [vernans, Lat.]' Flourifhing as in the fprjngl
Fife had the-fpring
Perpetual fmil’-d on earth, wrtfi vcmanC flow’rs.
Equal in days and nights. Milton's Par. Ecfl.
Vern'ility. n.f fverm, Lat.] Servile carriage; the lubmiffive fawning behaviour of a Have. Bailev
Ye'rrel. See Ferrule - --
Versab/lity. ? n.f. [ verfabilis, Lat.] Aptnefs to bt turn’d
Ve'rsableness. i or wound any way. jyiyf
Versal. adj. [A cant word fr unrocrfal.] Total; whole.
Some for brevity, • ?.
Have caft the verfal world’s nativity. Hudibras.
VF/RSATILE. adj. [verjatilis, Lat.]
1. That may be turned round.
2. Changeable ;
V E R
2. Changeable; variable.
One colour to us {landing in one place, hath a contrary
afpedt in another; as in thofe ver/atile reprefentations in the
neck of a dove, and folds of fcarlet. Glanville.
3. Eafily applied to a new talk.
Ve'rsatileness. /«•/• [from verfatile.] The quality of beVersati'lity. ) ing verfatile.
VERSE, n.f [vers, Fr. vefius, Latin.]
1. A line confiding of a certain luccellion of founds, and num¬
ber of fyllables.
Thou had by moonlight at her window fung,
With feigning voice, verfes of feigning love. Shakefp.
2. [verfet, Fr.] A fe&ion or paragraph of a book.
Thus far the quedions proceed upon the condrudnon ot
the fird earth; in the following verfes they proceed upon the
demolition of that earth. Burnet.
3. Poetry ; lays ; metrical language.
Verfe embalms virtue : and tombs and thrones of rhymes
Preferve frail tranfitory fame as much
As fpice doth body from air’s corrupt touch. Donne.
If envious eyes their hurtful rays have cad.
More pow’rful verfe {hall free thee from the blad. Dryclen.
Whild fhe did her various pow’r difpole ;
Virtue was taught in verfe, and Athens’ glory rofe. Prior.
You compofe
In fplay-foot verfe, or hobbling profe. Prior.
4. A piece of poetry.
Let this verfe, my friend, be thine. Pope.
To Verse, v.a. [from the noun.] To tell in verfe; to relate
poetically.
In the Ihape of Corin fate all day,
Playing on pipes of corn, and verfing love. . Shakefp.
To he VeRsed. v. n. [verfor, Lat.] To be {killed in; to be
acquainted with.
She might be ignorant oftheir nations, who was not verfed
in their names, as not being prefent at the general furvey of
animals, when Adam affigned unto every one a name con¬
cordant unto its nature. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
This, vers'd in death, th’ infernal knight relates.
And then for proof fulfill’d their common fates. Dryden.
Ve'rseman. n. J. [verfe and man.] A poet; a writer in
verfe.
The god of us verfcmen, you know, child, the fun. Prior.
Ve/rsicle. n. f. [verfcuius, Lat.] A little verfe.
VERSIFICATION, n. f. [verification, Fr. from verfify.] The
art or practice of making verfes.]
Donne alone had your talent, but was not happy to arrive at your verfification. Dryden.
Some objedt to his verfification; which is in poetry, what
colouring is in painting, a beautiful ornament. But if the
proportions are jud, though the colours fhould happen to be
rough, the piece may be of inedimable value. Granville.
VersificaRoR. )»./. [verfificateur, Fr. verfificator, Lat.]
VeRsifieR. i Averlifier; a maker of verfes with or
without the fpirit of poetry.
Statius, the bed verfificator next Virgil, knew not how to
defign after him. Dryden.
In Job and the Pfalms we {hall find more fublime ideas,
more elevated language, than in any of the heathen verfifiers
of Greece or Rome. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
To Versify, v.n. [verfifier,Yv. wr/yW, Latin.] To make
verfes.
You would wonder to hear how foon even children will
begin to verfify. Sidney.
To follow rather the Goths in rhyming, than the Greeks
in true verfifying, were even to eat acorns with lwine, when
we may freely eat wheat bread among men. Afcham.
I’ll verfify in fpite, and do my bed,
To make as much wade paper as the red. Dryden.
To Vf/rsify. v.a. To relate in verfe.
Unintermix’d with fidtious fantafies,
I’ll verfify the truth, not poetize. Daniel.
VeRsion. n.f. [verfion, Fr. verfio, Latin.]
1. Change; transformation.
Springs, the antients thought to be made by the verfion of
air into water. Bacon s Nat. Hifi.
2. Change of diredtion. _
Comets are rather gazed upon, than wifely obferved in
their efteas ; that is, what kind of comet, for magnitude,
colour, verfion of the beams, produceth what kind ot
effeas. . I Bacon‘
3. Tranflation. . 1 ,
This exaift propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded ; but
' mud confefs, that I have not been able to make him appear
wholly like himfelf. For where the original is clofe, nowfion can reach it in the fame compafs. Dryden.
4.. The adt of tranflating.
Vert, n.f vert, Fr. V ' ' # ;
Vert, in the laws of the fored, fignifies every thing that
grows, and bears a green leaf within the fored, that may
cover and hide a deer. Cowel.
V E R
I find no mention in all the records of Ireland, of a
park or free warren, notwithdanding the great plenty of vert
and venifon. Sir f. Davies.
VeRtebral. ad), [from vertebra, Lat.] Relating to the
joints of the fpine.
The carotid, vertebral, and fplenick arteries are not only
varioufly contorted, but here and there dilated, to moderate
the motion of the blood. Ray on the Creation.
VeRtebre. n.f. [vertebre, Fr. vertebra, (Latin.] A joint of
the back.
The feveral vertelres are fo elegantly compacted together,
that they are as drong as if they were but one bone. Ray.
VE’RTEX. n.f. [Latin.]
1. Zenith ; the point over head.
Thefe keep the vertex ; but betwixt the bear
And fhining zodiack, where the planets err,
A thoufand figur’d condellations roll. Creech.
2. A top of a hill.
Mountains efpecially abound with different fpecies of vege¬
tables ; every vertex or eminence affording new kinds. Derham.
VE'RTICAL. adj. [vertical, Fr. from vertex.]
1. Placed in the zenith. ,
’Tis raging noon ; and vertical the fun
Darts on the head diredl his forceful rays. Thomfon.
2. Placed in a direction perpendicular to the horizon.
From thefe laws, all the rules of bodies afeending or de¬
fending in vertical lines may be deduced. Cheyne.
Vertica'lity. n.f. [from vertical.] The date of being in the
zenith.
Unto them the fun is vertical twice a year; making two
didinct fummers in the different points of the verticality. Brown’s VAgar Errours.
Vertically, adv. [from vertical.] In the zenith.
Although it be not vertical unto any part of Afia, yet it
vertically pafleth over Peru and Brafilia. Brown.
Vertici'llate. adj. [from verticillum, Latin.]
Verticillate plants are fuch as have their flowers intermixt
with fmall leaves growing in a kind of whirls about the
joints of a dalk, as penny-royal, horehound, &c. Efuincy.
Verti'city. n. f. [from vertex] The power of turning;
circumvolution; rotation.
Thofe dars do not peculiarly glance on us, but carry a
common regard unto all countries, unto whom their verticity
is alfo common. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
We believe the verticity of the needle, without a certificate
from the days of old. Glanville.
Whether they be globules, or whether they have a ver¬
ticity about their own centers, that produce the idea of whitenefs in us, the more particles of light are reflected from a
body, the whiter does the body appear. Lacke.
Vertiginous, adj. [vertiginofus, Latin.]
1. Turning round ; rotatory.
This vertiginous motion gives day and night fucceffively
over the whole earth, and makes it habitable all around. Bentley.
2. Giddy.
Thefe extinguifh candles, make the workmen faint and
vertiginous; and, when very great, fufFocates and kills
them. IVoodivard.
VERTl'GO. n.f. [Latin.] A giddinefs ; a fenfe of turning in
the head.
Vertigo is the appearance of vifible objedls that are without
motion, as if they turned round, attended with a fear of fall¬
ing, and a dimnefs of fight. Ifiuincy.
The forerunners of an apoplexy are dulnefs, vertigo’s,
tremblings. Arbuthnat.
That old vertigo in his head.
Will never leave him till he’s dead. Sivift.
Vervain. In. f. [verveine, Fr. verbena, Lat.] A plant.
It hath a labiated flower, confifting of one leaf, whofe
upper lip is upright, and commonly divided into two; but
the under lip is cut into three parts ; fo that at firft fight it
appears like a flower with five leaves. Thefe are fucceeded by
four naked feeds, which fill the calyx. The flowers generally
grow in fpikes, but not in whorles, round the {talks. Aliller.
The night-fhade ftrows to work him ill,
Therewith the vervain, and her dill,
That hindreth witches of their will. Drayton.
Some fcatt’ring pot-herbs here and there he found.
Which cultivated with his daily care,
And bruis’d with vervain, were his frugal fare. Dryden.
VeRvain mallow, n.f. A plant.
It hath the whole habit of the mallow or althxa; but dif¬
fers from it in having its leaves deeply divided. Miner.
VeRveles. n.f. [vervelie, Fr.] Labels tied to a hawk. Ainf.
VE'RY. adj. [veray, or vrai, French ; whence veray in antient Englilh.]
1. True; real.
Why do I pity him,
That with his very heart defpifeth me. Shakefipeare.
In very deed, as the Lord liveth. J Sam. xxv. 34.
' O that
V E S VET
Shakefp.
Shakefpeare.
Shakefp.
O that in very deed we might behold it. Dryd. and Lee.
t. Having any qualities, commonly bad, in an eminent de¬
gree.
Thofe who had drunk of Circe’s cup, tf'ere turned into
Wry beafts. Davies.
There, where very deflation dwells.
By grots and caverns fhagg’d with horrid flradeS,
She may pafs on. Milton.
3. To note the things emphatically, or eminently.
’Tis an ill office for a gentleman;
Efpecially againft his very friend.
Was not my love
The verier wag o’th’ two ?
We can contain ourfelvcs,
Were he the veriejl antick in the world.
In a feeing age, the wry knowledge of former times pafles
but for ignorance in a better drefs. South.
The pidfures of our great grandmothers in Queeri Eliza¬
beth’s time, are cloathed down to the very wrifts, and up to
the very chin. Addifons Guardian.
4. Same.
Women are as rofes, whofe fair flower
Being once difplay’d, doth fall that very hour. Shakefp.
The cocks beat the partridge, which fhe laid to heart:
but finding thefe very cocks cutting one another, ilie com¬
forted herfelf. L’EJirange.
So catholick a grace is charity, that whatever time is
the fpecial opportunity of any other chriftian grace, that
very time is alio the fpecial opportunity of charity. Spratt.
Ve'ry. adv. In a great degree ; in an eminent degree.
The Greek orator was lb very famous for this, that his antagonift reading over the oration which ha‘d procured his banifhment, afked them, if they were fo much affedted by the
bare reading of it, how much more they wrould have been
alarmed, had they heard him ? Addifon.
To VESICATE, v. a. [veftca, Latin.] To blifter.
Celfus propofes, that in all thefe internal wounds, the ex¬
ternal parts be vefseated, to make more powerful revulfion
from within. Wijemans Surgery.
I faw the cuticula veficated, and fhining with a burning
heat. 1 Wifeman.
Vesica'tion. n.f. [from veficatef Bliftering; feparation of
the cuticle.
I applied fome vinegar prepared with litharge, defending
the vefication with pledgets, Wifeman s Surgery.
Vesicatory, n.f \yeficatorium, technical Latin.] A bliftering medicine.
Ve'sicle. n. f. [veficula, Latin.] A fhrall cuticle* filled or
inflated.
Nor is the humour contained in fmaller veins, but in a
veficle, or little bladder. Browne’s Vulgar Errours.
The lungs are made up of fuch air pipes and veftcles in¬
terwoven with blood-veflels, to purify, ferment, or fupply
the fanguineous mafs with nitro-aerial particles. Ray.
VesTcular. adj. [from veficula, Lat] Hollow 3 full of fmall
interfiles.
A mufcle is.a bundle of veficular threads, of of folid filain
Bacdki
SufBailey.
or foft
Did.
Take earthj and vejfel it; and in that fet the feed.
Ve'ssets. n f. A kind of cloth commonly made
folk.
Ve'sSicnon. n f [among horfemen ] A windgall,
fwelling on the inlide and outfide of a horfe’s hoof.
VEST. n.f. [vejhis, Lat.] An outer garment.
Over his lucid arms
A military vejt of purple flow’d. Milton s Par. Loji»
XVhen the queen in royal habit’s dreft;
Old myftick emblems grace th’ imperial veji. Smith.
Tq Vest. v.a. [from the noun.]
1. To drefs ; to deck ; to enrobe.
The verdant fields with thofe of heav’11 may vie,
With ether vejied, and a purple fky. Dryden.
Light ! Nature’s refplendent robe ;
Without whofe ve/ling beauty all were wrapt
In gloom; Thomjon.
2. To drefs in a long garment.
Juft Simeon, and prophetic Anna fpoke.
Before the altar and the vejied prieft. Milton.
3. To make poffeflbr of; to inveft with.
To fettle men’s confciences, ’tis neceffary that they know
the perfon, who by right is vejied with power over them. Locke.
Had I been vejied with the monarch’s pow’r.
Thou muft have figh’d, unlucky youth ! in vain. Prior.
4. To place in pofleffion.
The militia their commiflioners pofitively required to be
entirely vejied in the parliament. Clarendon.
Empire and dominion was vejied in him, for the good and
behoof of others. Locke.
Ve'stal. n. f. [yeftaUs^ Latin.] A virgin confecrated to
Vejia ; a pure virgin.
Women are not
In their beft fortunes ftrong ; but want will perjure
The ne’er-touch’d vejia!. Sbakefpeare.
iJow happy is the blamelefs vfial’s lot ?
The world forgetting, by the world forgot. Pope.
Ve^stAl. adj. [vejialis, Latin.] Denoting pure virginity.
Her vejial livery is but fick and green,
And none but fools do wear it. Sbakefpeare.
Vestibule, n.f. [vejiibulum, Lat.] The porch or firfi en¬
trance of a heufe. '
Ve'stige. n.f. \vejiigium, Lat.] Footftep ; mark left be¬
hind in paffing.
The truth pafles fo flightly through men’s imaginations,
that they muft ufe great fubtilty to track its vejiiges. Harvey»
Vf/stment. n. f [vejiimehtum, Latin.] Garment; part of
drefs.
Were it not better that the love which men bear unto
God, fhould make the leaft things that are employed in his
fervice amiable, than that their over-fcrupulous diflike of fo
mean a thing as a vejiment, fnould from the very fervice of
God withdraw their hearts and affedfions. Hooker.
Heaven then would feem thy image, and refledt
Thofe fable vejiments, and that bright afpedt. Waller.
The fculptors could not give vejiments fuitable to the quaments, involved in one common membrane.
lity of the perfons reprefented.
VE'SPER. n.f. [Latin.] The evening ftar; the evening.
Thefe figns are black Vejper’s pageants. Shakefp.
Ve'spep.s n.f. [without the lingular, from vefperus, Latin.]
The evening fervice of the Romifh church.
Vespertine, adj. [vefpertinus, Latin.] Happening or coming
in the evening ; pertaining to the evening.
VESSEL, n f. [vajfelle, Fr. vas> Lat.]
1. Any thing in which liquids, or other things, are put.
For Banquo’s iffue have I fill’d my mind ;
Put rancours in the vejfel of my peace,
Only for them. Shakefp. Macbeth.
If you have two vejfel to fill, and you empty one. to fill
the other, there ftill remains one vejfel empty. Burnet.
2. The containing parts of an animal body.
Of thefe elements are conftitutcd the fmalleft fibres ; of
thofe fibres the vejfels; of thofe vejfels the organs of. the
body. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. Any vehicle in which men or goods are carried on the water.
'1 he fons and nephews of Noah, who peopled the ifles,
bad vejfels to tranfport themfelves. Raleigh’s EJJays.
The vejfel is reprefented as ftranded. The figure before
it feems to lift it off the fhallows. Addifon on Medals.
From ftorms of rage, and dangerous rocks of pride.
Let thy ftrong hand this little vejjel guide ;
It was thy hand that made if ; through the tide
Impetuous of this life, let thy command
Diredt my courle, and bring me fafe to land.
Now fecure the painted vejfel glides ;
The fun-beams trembling on the floating tides
4. Any capacity; any thing containing.
•• • 1 have my fill
Of knowledge, what this vejfel can contain
Cheyne. Ve’stRY., n. J.. [vejtiaire, Fr. vejiiarium, Latin.]
Dryden.
1. A room appendant to the church, in which the facerdotal
garments, and confecrated things are repofited;
Bold Amyous’, from the robb’d vejiry brings
The chalices of heav’n ; and holy things
Of precious weight. Dryaen.
2. A parochial affembly commonly convened in the veftry.
The common-council are chofen every year, fo many for
every parifh, by the vejiry, and common convention of the
people of that parifti. Clarendon.
Go with me where paltry conftables will not fuminon us
to vejiries. Blount to Pope.
Venture, n.f. [vejiure, old Fr. vejiv.ra^ Italian.]
To Vessel, v.a. [from the noun.] To putinto a veffel; to barrel
1. Garment; robe.
Her breafts half hid, and half were laid to Ihow;
Her envious vejure greedy fight repelling. Fairfax.
What, weep you when you but behold
Our Caefar’s vejiure wounded ? Shakefp; Julius Ccefar.
To bear my lady’s train, left the bafe earth
Should from her vejiure chance to fteal a kifs. Shakefp.
Here ruddy brafs, and gold refulgent blaz’d ;
There polilh’d chefts embroider’d vejiures grac’d. Pope.
2. Drefs ; habit; external form.-
There’s not the fmalleft orb which thou behold’ft.
But in his motion like an angel fings,
But this muddy vejiure Of decay
Doth grofly clofe us in, we cannot hear- it. Shakefp.
Rocks, precipices, and gulfs, apparell’d with a vejiure of
plants, would refemble mountains and Vallies. Bentley.
Pope. Vetch, n.f. [vicia, Lat.] A plant with a papilionaceous flower ;
from the empalement ariles the pointal, which becomes a
jiod full of roundifh or angular feeds : to which muft be ad¬
ded, that the leaves grow by pairs on a middle rib, ending
in a tendril.
29 E Where
Prior.
Milton.
U G L V I B
Where vetches, pulfe, and tares have flood,
And (talks of lupines grew. Dryden.
An ervum is a fort of vetch, or final 1 pea. A) buthnot.
Ve'tchy. n.f [from vetch,] Made of vetches ; abounding in
vetches; confiding of vetch or peafe-ftraw.
If to my cottage thou wilt refort,
There may’ll thou lig£C in a vetchy bed,
’Till fairer fortune (hew forth his head. Spenfer.
Vf/teran. n. f. ['veteranusy Latin.] An old foldier ; a man
long praitifed in any thing.
We were forced to uncover, or be regarded as veterans in
the beau monde. Addifon.
The Arians, for the credit of their failion, took the elded,
the bed experienced, the mod wary, and the longeftpradiifed veterans they had amongd them. Hooker.
If king Charles II. had made war upon France, he might
have conquered it by the many veterans, which had been
inured to fervice in the civil wars. Addifon.
Enligns that pierc’d the foe’s remoted lines.
The hardy veteran with tears refigns. Addifon.
Ve'teran. adj. Long praitifed in war ; long experienced.
There was a mighty drong army of land-forces, to the
number of fifty thoufand veteran foldiers Bacon.
The Britifh youth fhall hail thy wife command ;
Thy temper’d ardour, and thy veteran (kill. Thomfon.
Veterinarian, n.f. [yeterinarius, Lat.] One (killed in the
difeafes of cattle
That a horfe has no gall, is not only (wallowed by com¬
mon farriers, but alfo receiv’d by good veterinarians, and
fome who have laudably difeourfed upon horfes. Brown.
To VEX. v. a. [ww, Latin.]
1. To plague ; to torment; to harrafs.
Do you think
The king will differ but the little finger
Of this man to be vex'd ? Shakcfp. Hen. VIII.
Do poorTom fome charity, whom the foul fiend vexes. Shah.
When flie prefled him daily, fo that his foul was vexed
unto death, he told her all his heart. Judges xvi. 16.
Still may the dog the wand’ring troops condrain
Of airy ghods, and vex the guilty train. Dryden.
You are the caufe of all my care :
Your eyes ten thoufand dangers dart;
Ten thoufand torments vex my heart ;
I love, and I defpair. Prior.
2. To didurb; to dilquiet.
Alack, ’tis he ; why, he was met even now.
As mad as the vext fea ; dnging aloud. Shakcfp.
Rang’d on the banks beneath our equal oars.
White curl the waves, and the vex’d ocean roars. Pope.
3. To trouble with flight provocations.
Vexa'tion. n.f. [from vex.]
1. The ail of troubling.
O that hufband,
My fupreme crown of grief,* and thofe repeated vexations
of it. Shakefp. Cymbelme.
2. The date of being troubled ; uneafinefs ; forrow.
Vexation almod dops my breath.
That hundred friends greets in the hour of death. Shakefp.
Paffions too violent, indead of heightening our plealures,
afiord us nothing but vexation and pain. Temple.
3. The caufe of trouble or uneafinefs.
Your children were vexation to your youth ;
But mine fhall be a comfort to your age. Shakcfp.
4.. Anail of harraflirjg by law.
Albeit the party grieved thereby, may have fome reafon to
complain of an untrue charge, yet may he not well call it
an unjud vexation. Bacon.
5. A flight teazing trouble.
Vf.xa'tious. adj. [from vexation.]
1. Affliilive ; troublefome ; caufing trouble.
Confider him maintaining his ufurped title, by continual
vexatious wars againd the kings of Judah. South.
Vexatious thought dill found my flying mind,
Nor bound by limits, nor to place confin’d ;
Haunted my nights, and terrify’d my days ; 1
Stalk’d through my gardens, and purfu’d my wxiys; >
Norfhutfrom artful bow’r, norlod in windingmaze. Prior. )
2. Full of trouble; full of uneafinefs.
He leads a vexatious life, who in his nobled addons is fo
gored with fcruples, that he dares not make a dep without
the authority of another. Digby.
3. Teazing; (lightly troublefome.
VexaTiously. adv. [from vexatious.] Troublcfomely; uneafily.
Vexa'tiousness. n.f. [from vexatious.] Troublefomencfs; un¬
eafinefs.
Vexer. [from vex.] He who vexes.
LKglily. adv. [from ugly.] Filthily; with deformity ; infuch
a manner as to raife didike.
U'GLINESS. n.f. [from ugly.]
1. Deformity; contrariety to beauty.
All that elfe feem’d fair and frefh in fight,
Was turned now to dreadful uglinefs. Spenfer.
She takes her topicks from the advantages of old age and
uglinefs. Dryden.
2. 1'urpitude ; loathfomenefs; moral depravity.
I heir dull ribaldry cannot but be very naufeous and offenfive to any one, who does not, for the fake of the fin itfelf,
pardon the uglinefs of its circumdances. South.
IFGLY. adj. [1 his word was antiently written ougly ; whence
Mr. Tier ingenioufly deduces it from ouphlike; that is, like
an ouph, elf or goblin. In Saxon 03a is terrour; and in
Gothic ogan is to fear.] Deformed; offenfivc to the fight;
contrary to beautiful.
If Caflio do remain,
He hath a daily beauty in his life,
That makes me ugly. Shakefpcare.
O, I have pafs’d a miferable night.
So full of ugly fights, of ghadly dreams. Shakefp.
Was this the cottage, and the fafe abode
Thou toldd me of? What grim afpeits are thefe,
Thefe ugly-headed monitors? Milton.
Wal. n.f. [(pia.Xr\.] A final 1 bottle.
Edward’s feven fons
Were as fev’n vials of his facred blood. Shakefp.
You Gods ! look down.
And from your facred vials pour your grace
Upon my daughter’s head. Shakefp.
Take thou this vial, being then in bed,
And this diddled liquor drink thou off. Shakefp.
Another lamp burnt in an old marble fepulchre belong¬
ing to fome -of the antient Romans inclofed in a glals
vial. TVilkins.
I placed a thin vial, well dopped up, within the fmoke of
the vapour, but nothing followed. Addifon.
Chemical waters, that are each tranfparent, when feparate,
ferment into a thick troubled liquor, when mixed in the fame
vial. Addifon.
To V/al. v. a. To inclofe in a vial.
This (he with precious vial'd liquors heals ;
For which the fhepherds at the fedivals
Carol her goodnefs loud in rudick lays. Milton.
Wand. n.f. [viande, Fr. vivanda, Ital.] Food ; meat dreffed.
The belly only like a gulf remain’d,
I’ th’ midd of the body idle and unaitive.
Still cupboarding the viand. Shahfp.
No matter, fince
They’ve left their viands behind, for we have domachs.
Wilt pleafe you tade of what is here ? Shakefp.
Thefe are not -fruits forbidden ; no interdict
Defends the touching of thefe viands pure ;
Their tade no knowledge works, at lead of evil. Milton.
From fome forts of food lefs pleafant to the tade, perfons
in health, and in no neceflity of ufing fuch viands, had better
to abdain. Ray.
The tables in fair order fpread ;
Viands of various kinds allure the tade,
Of choiced fort and favour ; rich repad ! Pope.
VIA'TICUM. n.f [Latin.]
1. Proviiion for a journey.
2. The lad rites ufed to prepare the palling foul for its depar¬
ture.
To Vi'br.ate. v. a. [vibro, Latin.]
1. To brandifh ; to move to and fro with quick motion.
2. To make to quiver.
Breath vocalized, that is vibrated or undulated, may dif¬
ferently aftecl the lips, and imprefs a fvvift tremulous mo¬
tion, which breath palling fmooth doth not. Holder.
To Vi'brate. v. n.
1. To play up and down, or to and fro.
The air, comprefled by the fall and weight of the quickfilver, would repel it a little upwards, and make it vibrate
a little up and down. Boyle.
Do not all fixed bodies, when heated beyond a certain
degree, emit light, and fhine ? And is not this emiifion
performed by the vibrating motions of their parts ? Newton.
2. To quiver.
The whifper, that to greatnefs dill too near.
Perhaps, yet vibrates on his fovercign’s ear. Pope.
VibraTion. n.f. [from vibro, Latin.] The ail of moving,
or being moved with quick reciprocations, or returns; the
ait of quivering.
It fparkled like the coal upon the altar, with the fervours
of piety, the heats of devotion, and the fallies and vibrations
of an harmlefs ailivity. South.
Do not the rays of light, in falling upon the bottom of
the eye, excite vibrations in the tunica retina ? Which vibra¬
tions being propagated along the folid fibres of the Optic
__*__ i.UA K**oi*'i 11I& fUo InvxCt* /if* rpP l AfY nerves into the brain, caufe the lbnfe of feeing.
Mild vibrations looth the parted foul,
New to the dawning of ccleltial day. Thcrnfon.
VI'CAR.
V I c V I c
VFCAR. n. f. [vicarius, Latin.]
r. The incumbent of an appropriated or impropriated benefice;
Procure the vicar f
To ftay for me at church, ’twixt twelve and one,
To give our hearts united cerernbiiy. Shakefp.
Yours is theJ prize ;
The vicar my defeat, and Till^the village fee. Dryderi.
A landed youth, whom-ttii mother would never fuffer to
look into a book tor [earRf tpoiling his eyes, upon hear¬
ing the clergy decried^Wt a contempt muft he entertain,
not only for his wW-lit home, but for the whole order. Swift.
2.One who performs-the functions of another; a fubftitute.
An archbithop may not only excommunicate and interdict
his fuftragans, but his 'wVrfr-general may do the fame. Aylijfc.
V Pca rage. n.J. [from vicar.] The benefice of a vicar.
1 his gentleman lived in his vicarage to a good old age,
and having never deferted his flock, died vicar of Bray. Swijt:
Vica/rious. adj. [vicarius, Latin.] Deputed; delegated ; act¬
ing in the place of another.
_ T he foul in the body is but a fubordinate efficient, and
vicarious and inftrumental in the hands of the Almighty,
being but his fubftitute in this regiment of the body. Hale.
What can be more unnatural, than f6r a man to rebel
againft: the vicarious power of God in his foul. Norris.
VYcarship. n.f [from vicar.] The office of a vicar.
VICE. n.f. [vitium, Latin.]
1. I he courfe of action oppofite to virtue; depravity of man¬
ners ; inordinate life.
No fpirit more grofs to love
Vice for itfeif. Milton,
The foundation of error will lie in wrong meafures of pro¬
bability ; as the foundation of vice in wrong meafures of
good. Locke.
2. A fault ; an offence. It is generally ufed for an habitual
fault, not for a Angle enormity.
No vice, fo Ample, but aflumes
Some mark of virtue on its outward parts. Shakefp.
Yet my poor country
Shall have more vices than it had before;
More fuffer by him that {hall fucceed. Shakefp.
Ungovern’d appetite, a brutifh vice. Adilton.
I cannot blame him for inveighing fo fharply againft the
vices of the clergy in his age. Djyden.
3. The fool, or punchinello of old {hows.
I’ll be with you again
In a trice, like to the old vice.
Your need to fuftain ;
Who with dagger of lath, in his rage and his wrath,
Cries, ah, ha ! to the devil. Sbakefpeare.
His face made of brafs, like a vice in a game. Tuffer.
4. [Vijs9 Dutch.] A kind of ffnall iron prefs with ferews, ufed by
workmen.
He found that marbles taught him perenflion ; bottle-fcrews,
the vice; whirligigs, the axis inperitrochio. Arbuth. and Pope.
5. Gripe; grafp.
If I but fift him once ; if he come but within my
vice. Sbakefpeare.
6. [Vice, Latin.] It is ufed in compofition for one, qui vicemgerit,
who performs, in his flead, the office of a fuperiour, or who has
• the fecond rank in command : as a viceroy ; vice-chancellor.
To Vice. v. a. [from the noun.] To draw.
With all confidence he fwears.
As he had feen’t, or been an inftrument
To vice you to’t, that you have touch’d his queen
Forbiddenly. Sbakefpeare s JVinter Tale.
•VTCEADMIRAL, n.f [vice and admiral.]
The fecond commander of a fleet.
The foremoft of the fleet was the admiral : the rear-
- admiral was Cara Mahometes, an arch-pirate. The vice-
• admiral in the middle of the fleet with a great fquadron of
gallies, ftruck fail diredfly. Knolles.
2. A naval-officer of the fecond rank.
ViReadmiralty. n.f. [from vice-admiral.] The office of a
vice-admiral.
The w^-admiralty is cxercifed by Mr. Trenanion. Careiv.
Vicea'gent. n.f. [vice and agent.] One who acts in the
place of another.
A vaflal Satan hath made his vice-agent, to crofs whatever
the faithful ought to do. Hooker.
VPced. adj. [from viced.] Vitious; corrupt.
Be as a planetary plague, when Jove
"Will o’er fome high-vic'd city hang his poifon
In the fick air. Shakefp.
VICEGERENT, n.f. [vicem gerens, Lat.] A lieutenant;
one who is intrufted with the power of the fuperiour, by
whom he is deputed.
All precepts concerning kings are comprehended in thefe;
remember thou art a man ; remember thou art God’s
vicegerent. Bacon.
Employ it in unfeigned piety towards God ; in unfhaken
duty to his vicegerent; in hearty obedience to his church. Sprat.
"4
Dryderi.
Swift.
delegated
Great Father of the gods, when for otir cririieS
Thou fend’ft fome heavy judgment on the times;
Some tyrant king, the terrour of his age.
The type and true vicegerent ot thy rage.
Thus punifti.
Thou great vicegerent of the king;
In all affairs thou foie diredfor.
Vicegerent, adj. [vicegerent, Lat.] Having
power ; ailing by fubftitution.
Whom fend I to judge thee ? Whom but thee.
Vicegerent fon ! To thee I have transferr’d
All judgment; whether in heav’n, or earth; or hell. Milton.
Vic egeRency. n. f [from vicegernt.] The office of a vice¬
gerent ; lieutenancy; deputed power.
T he authoritymf confcience ftands founded upon its vicegerenty and deputation under God. South:
Vicech aRceli/oSL. n.f. [vicecancellarius, Latin.] The fecond
magiftrate of the univerfities;
ViRen ary. adj. [vicenarius, Lat.] Belonging to twenty. Bailey.
VFCEROY. n.f. [vicerci, French.] He who governs in place
of the king with regal authority.
Shall I, for lucre of the reft unvanquifh’d;
Detrait fo much from that prerogative,
As to be Call’d but viceroy of the whole ? Shakefp.
Mendofca, 'tuheroy of Peru, was wont to fay, that the go¬
vernment of Petu was the beft place the king of Spain gave,
fave that it was fomewhat too near Madrid. Bacon
We are fo far from having a king, that even the viceroy
is generally abfent four fifths of his time. Swift.
ViReroy alty. n. f. [from viceroy.] Dignity of a viceroy.
Thefe parts furnifh out vice-royalties for the grandees • but
in war are incumbrances to the kingdom. Addfon.
ViRety. n: f. [Of this word I know not well the meaning or
original : a nice thing is now called in vulgar language, point
vice, from the French perhaps; point dc vice; whence the
barbarous word vicety may be derived.] Nicety ; exaitnefs.
A word not ufed.
Here is to the fruit of Pern,
Grafted upon Stub his ftem ;
With the peakifh nicety.
And old Sherewood’s vicety; B. Johnfon.
ViciRity. n.f. [vicinus, Latin.]
1. Nedrnefs ; State of being near.-
The pofition of things is fuch, that there is a vicinity be¬
tween agents and patients, that the one inceflantly invades
the other. _ . _ Hale:
The abundance and vicinity of country feats. Swift:
2. Neighbourhood.
He {hall find out and recall the wandering particles home,
and fix them in their old vicinity. Rogers.
Gravity alone muft have carried them downwards to the
vicinity of the fun. Bentley.
Vi'cinage. n.f. [vicinia, Lat.] Neighbourhood; places adjoin¬
ingVici'ne L' | a$m [vicinus, Lat.] Near; neighbouring.
Opening other vicine pjfflages might obliterate any track ;
as the making of one hole'in the yielding mud, defaces the
print of another near it.
ViRious. adj. [from vice.] See Vitious. Devoted
not addiited to virtue.
He heard this heavy curfe.
Servants of fervants on his vicious race.
ViciRsitude. [■■viciffitudo, Latin.]
1. Regular change; return of the fame things in the fame
fucceffion.
It makes through heav’n
Grateful vicijfitudc, like day and night* Milton.
The rays of light are alternately dilpofed to be refleited or
refracted for many vicijfitudes. Nnvton.
This fucceffion of things upon the earth, is the refult of
the viciffitude of feafons, and is as conftant as is the caufe of
that viciffitude, the fun’s declination. IVoodwarA.
2. Revolution ; change.
During the courie of the war, did the vicijfitudes of o-0od
and bad fortune affeit us with humility or thankfulnefs. Atterb.
Verfe fweetens toil, however rude the found.
All at her work the village maiden fings ;
Nor as {he turns the giddy wheel around,
Revolves the fad viciffitude of things. Giffard.
ViRontiels. In law vicontiel rents are certain farms for
which the {heriff pays a rent to the king, and makes whir
profit he can of them. Vicontiel writs are fuch writs as are
Glanville.
to vice ;
Milton.
triable in the county court, before the iherifL
ViRtim. n.f. [vidlima, Latin.]
1. A facrifice ; fomething flain for a facrifice.
All that were authors of fo black a deed
Be facrific’d as vifiinis to his ghoft.
And on the vidlim pour the ruddy wine.
Clitumnus’ waves, for triumphs after war
The viflitn ox, and fnowy {heep prepare.
Bailey.
Denham.
Dryden.
Addifon,
2. Some-
V I E
2.Something destroyed.
Behold where age's wretched victim lies; ,
See his head trembling, and his half-clos’d eyes. Pilot.
VECTOR, n.f. [victor, Lat.] Conqueror; vanquiflier; he
that gains the advantage in any conteft. Victor is feldom
ufed with a genitive, and never but with regard to i’ome fingte
adion or perfon. We rarely fay Alexander was victor of
Darius, though we fay he was viCtor 2.t Arbela; but we never
fay he was victor of Perfia.
This {{range race more ftrangc conceits did yield ;
Who victor feem’d, was to his ruin brought;
Who feem’d o’erthrown, was midrefs of the field. Sidney.
Some time the flood prevails, and then the wind,
Both tugging to be vigors, bread to bread,
Yet neither conqueror, nor conquered. Shakefp.
Although the victor, we fubmit to Casfar. Shakefp.
Say where and when
Their fight; what droke fhall bruife the vigors heel. Milt.
Our Hebrew longs and h.arps .in Babylon,
That pleas’d fo well our victors ear, declare
That rather Greece from us thefe arts deriv’d. Milton.
Their hearts at lad the vanquilh’d re-affume,
And now the victors fall. Denham.
In love the victors from the vanquifh’d fly ;
They fly that wound, and they purfue that die. IValler.
Fortune’s unjufl; die ruins oft the brave,
And him who fliould be.viCtor, makes the Have. Dryden.
Lofe not a thought on me, I’m out of danger;
Heaven will not leave me in the victor s hand. Addifon.
Victorious, adj, [‘viCiorieux, Fr.]
1. Conquering ; having obtained conqued ; fuperiour in conted.
Victory doth more often fall by .errour of the vanquilhed,
than by the valour of the victorious. Hayward.
The great fon return’d victorious with his faints. Milton.
That happy fun, faid he, will rife again,
Who twice victorious did our navy fee :
And I alone mud view him rife in vain.
Without one ray of all his dar for me. Dryden.
2. Producing conqued.
Sudden thefe honours {hall be fnatch’d away,
And curs’d for ever this victorious day. Pope.
3. Betokening conqued.
Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths ;
Our bruited arms hung up for monuments. Shakefp.
Victo'riously. adv. [from victorious.] With conqued ; fuc-
-cefsfully; triumphantly.
That grace will carry us, if we do not wilfully betray our
fuccours, viClorioufy through all difficulties. Hammond.
Victo'riousness. n.f. [from victorious.] The date or quality
of being victorious.
Vi'ctory. n.f [victoria, Lat.] Conqued ; fuccefs in con¬
ted; triumph.
At his nurfe’s tears
He whin’d and roar’d away your victory,
That pages blufli’d at him. Shakefp.
Then to the heav’n of heav’ns he fhall afeend
With victory, triumphing o’er his foes. Milton.
Obedience is a com, licated aCt of virtue, and many graces
are exercifed in one aCt of obedience. It is an aCt of humi¬
lity, of mortification and felf-denial, of charity to God, ol
care ofthe publick, of order and charity to ourfelves. Itis a great
indance of a victory over the mod refractory paffions. Taylor.
VFctress. n.f. [from victorC\ A female that conquers*
I’ll lead thy daughter to a conqueror’s bed ;
And die fhall be foie viCtrefs ; Caefar’s Csefar. Shakefp.
Vi'ctual. ) n.f. [viCluailles, Fr. vittonaglia, Ital.] Provifion
Victuals. 3 of food ; dores for the fupport of life ; meat;
fudenance.
He landed in thefe iflands, to furnilh himfelf with victuals
and frefh water. Abbot's Defcrip. of the 1TorId.
You had mudy victuals, and he hath. holp to eat it: he
hath an excellent domach. Shakefp.
He was not able to keep that place three days for lack of
victual. Knolles.
They, unprovided of tackling and victual, are forced to
fea by a dorm. Ah Charles.
To Victual, v. a. [from the noun.] To dore with provi¬
fion for food.
Talbot, farewel;
I mud go victual Orleans forthwith. Shakef
V i'ctualler. n.f. [from victuals.] One who provides victuals,
hi hey planted their artillery againd the haven, toimpeach
fupply of victuals; yet the Englifh victuallers furceafed not
to bring all things neceflary. Hayward.
I heir conqued half is to the victualler due. King.
TIDE LICET, adv. [Latin.] To wit; that is. This word is
generally written viz.
VWiTY. n. J. [from viduus, Lat.] Widowhood.
To Vie. v. a. [Of this word the etymology is very uncertain.]
I. To {how, or praCtice in competition.
They vie power and expence with thofe that are too
high. L'Ejlrange.
V I E
You vie happinefs in a thoufand eafy and fweet di-»
verfions. Evelyn.
2. In this paflage the meaning feems to be, to add ; to accu¬
mulate.
She hung about my neck, and kifs on kifs
She vied fo fad,
That in a twink fine won me to her love. Shakefp.
To Vie. v. n. 'Fo conted; to contend; to drive for fuperiority. •
In a trading nation, the younger fons may be placed in
fuch a way of life, as may enable them to vie 'with the bed
of their family. Addifon.
The wool, when {haded with Ancona’s dye,
May with the prouded Tyrian purple vie. Addifon.
Now voices over voices rife ;
While each to be the louded vies. Swift.
To VIEW. v. a. [veu, Fr. from veo'ir, or voir.]
1. To furvey; to look on by way of examination.
Go, and view the country. Jof vii. 2.
Th’ almighty father bent down his eye,
His own works and their works at once to view. Milton.
View not this fpire, by meafures giv’n,
To buildings rais’d by common hands. Prior.
Whene’er we view fome vvell-proportion’d dome;
No Angle parts unequally furprize ;
All comes united to th’ admiring eyes. Pope.
2. To fee ; to perceive by the eye.
With eyes aghad
View'd fird their lamentable lot. Milton.
No more I hear, no more I view.
The phantom flies me, as unkind as you. Pope.
VIEW. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. ProfpeCt.
You fliould tread a courfe
Pretty, and full of view; yea, haply, near
The refidence of Podhumus. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Vad and indefinite views, which drown all apprehenfions of
the uttermod objeCts, are condemned by good authors. IVotton.
The walls of Pluto’s palace are in view. Dryden.
Cut wide views through mountains to the plain.
You’ll wifli your hill, or ihelter’d hill again. Pope.
2. Sight; power of beholding.
Some fafer refolution I’ve in view. Milton.
I go, to take for ever from your view,
Both the lov’d objeCt, and the hated too. Dryden.
Thefe things duly weigh’d, will give us a clear view into
the date of human liberty. LoJse.
InflruCt me other joys to prize,
With other beauties charm my partial eyes ;
Full in my view, let all the bright abode,
And make my foul quit Abelard for God. Pope.
3. ACt of feeing.
Th’unexpected found
Of dogs and men, his wakeful ear does wound ;
Rouz’d with the noife, he fcarce believes his ear.
Willing; to think th’ illufions of his fear
Had giv’n this falfe alarm ; but draight his view
Confirms that more than all he fears is true. Denham.
ObjeCts near our view are thought greater than thofe of
a larger fize, that are more remote. Locke.
4. Sight; eye.
She was not much druck with thofe objeCts that now prefented themfelves to her view. Female Quixote.
5. Survey; examination by the eye.
Time never will renew, j
While we too far the pleafing path purfue, v
Surveying nature with too nice a view. Dryden. }
6. Intellectual furvey.
If the mind has made this inference by finding out the in¬
termediate ideas, and taking a view of the connection of
them, it has proceeded rationally. Locke.
7. Space that may be taken in by the eye ; reach of fight.
The fame through all the neighb’ring nations flew.
When now the Trojan navy was in viezv. Dryden.
8. Appearance; fliow.
In that accomplifli’d mind,
Helptby the night,' new graces find ;
Which, by the fplendour of her view.
Dazzl’d before we never knew'. IValler.
9. Bifplay ; exhibition to the fight or mind.
To give a right view of this miflaken part of liberty,
would any one be a changeling, becaufe he is lefs determined
by wife confiderations than a wife man ? Locke.
10 ProfpeCt of intered.
No man fets himiclf about any thing, but upon fome view
or other, which ferves him for a reafon. . Locke.
11. Intention ; defign.
He who fojouras in a .foreign ;country, refers what he
fees to the date of things at home ; with that viezv he makes
all his reflections. . Atierbury.
With a view to commerce, in returning from his expedi¬
tion againd the Parthians, he palled through Egypt. Arbuthnot.
V/ewless.
V I G V I L
Vi1f.wlf.ss. adj. [from view.] Unfeen ; not difcernible by
the fight.
To be imprifon’d in the viewlefs winds,
And blown with reftlefs violence about
The pendant world Shakefp.
Each Hair myfterioufly was meant, nor Hood
There always, but drawn up to heav’n fometimes
Viewlefs. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Swift through the valves the vifionary fair
Repafs’d, and viewlefs mix’d with common air. Pope.
Light-bounding from the earth, at once they rife ;
Their feet half viewlefs quiver in the fkies. Pope.
Vicesima'tion. n.f [vegefimus, Latin.] The aCt of putting
to death every twentieth man. Bailey.
V/cil. n.f. [vigilia, Latin.]
1. Watch ; devotions performed in the cuHomary hours ofrefl.
So they in heaven their odes^and vigils tun’d. Aiilton.
Shrines ! where their vigils pale-ey’d virgins keep,
And pitying faints, whole ftatues learn to weep. Pope.
2. A faH kept before a holiday.
He that out-lives this day, and fees old age,
Will yearly on the vigil feaft his neighbours,
A.nd fay to-morrow is St. Crifpian. Shakefp.
3. Service ufed on the night before a holiday.
No altar is to be confecrated without reliques, which
placed before the church door, the vigils are to be celebrated
that night before them. Stillingfleet.
The rivals call my mufe another way.
To ling their vigils for th’ enfuing day. Dryden.
4. Watch j forbearance of deep.
Though Venus and her fon fhou’d fpare
Her rebel heart, and never teach her care ;
Yet Hymen may perforce her vigils keep.
And for another’s joy fufpend her deep. JValler.
Nothing wears out a fine face like the vigils of the cardtable, and thole cutting paflions which attend them. Addijon.
Vi dLANCE. \ n. f. [vigilance, Fr. -vigilantla, Lat. ]
V/gilancy S j l J
1. Forbearance of deep.
Ulyfies yielded unfeafonably to deep, and the flrong paffion for his country fhould have given him vigilance. Broome.
2. Watchfulnefs j circumfpeCtion; inceilant care.
Shall Henry’s conquefl, Bedford's vigilance,
Your deeds of war, and all our counfel die l Shakefp.
No poH is free, no place.
That guard and moft unufual vigilance
Does not attend my taking. Shakefp. K. Lea'-.
In this their military care, there were few remarkable occafions under the duke, laving his continual vigilancy, and vo¬
luntary hazard of his perfon. IVotton.
Of thefe the vigilance
I dread ; and to elude, thus wrapp’d in miH
Of midnight vapour, glide obfeure. Milton.
We are enabled to fubdue all other creatures ; and ufe
for our behoof the flrength of the ox, the fagacity and vigi¬
lancy of the dog. Ray.
3. Guard ; watch.
In at this gate none pafs
The vigilance here plac’d, but fuch as come
Well known from heav’n. Milton.
VI'GILANT. adj. [vigilans, Latin.] Watchful ; circumfpeCt;
diligent; attentive.
They have many prayers, but every of them very Hiort,
as if they were darts thrown out with a kind of Hidden
quicknefs; leH that vigilant and ereCt attention of mind,
which in prayer is very neceflary, fhould be wafled or dulled
through continuance. Hooker.
Take your places, and be vigilant:
If any noife or foldier you perceive.
Let us have knowledge. . Shalefpeare.
The treafurer, as he was vigilant in fuch cafes, had notice
of the clerk’s expiration fo foon, that he procured the king
to fend a meflage to the mailer of the rolls. Clarend.
VVcilantly. adv. [from vigilant. ] Watchfully; atten¬
tively ; circumfpeCtly.
Thus in peace, either of the kings fo vigilantly obferved
every motion of the others, as if they had lived upon the
alarm. Hayward.
V/co ous. adj. [from vigor, Latin.] Forcible; not; weaken¬
ed ; full of flrength and life.
Fam’d for his valour young ;
At fea fuccefiful, vigorous and flrong ! JValler.
Their appetite is not dull’d by being gratified, but returns
always frefh and -vigorous. Atterbury.
VIGOROUSLY, adv. [from vigour.] With force; forcibly;
without weakness.
The prince had two giant fhips;
With his one fo vigoroufy he prels’d,
And flew fo home, they could not rife again. Dryden.
If the fire burns bright and vigoroujly, it is no matter by
what means it was at firft kindled. South.
That prince whofe caufe you efpoufe fo vigoroujly, is the
principal in the war, and you but a fecond. Swift.
Vi'gorousness. n.f [from vigour.] Force; flrength.
He hath given excellent fuflerance and vigoroufnefs to the
fufferers, arming them with ftrange courage, heroical forti¬
tude, invincible refolution, and glorious patience. Taylor.
VI'GOUR n. f. [vigor, Lat.]
1. Force; flrength.
Sometimes went and fometimes ran,
With fupple joints, as lively vigour led. Milton.
Shame to be overcome,
Wou’d utmoft vigour raife, and rais’d unite. Milton.
Pernicious fire wither’d all their flrength,
And of their wonted vigour left them drain’d. Milton.
The mind and fpirit remains
Invincible, and vigour foon returns. Aiilton.
No deep within her gulf can hold
Immortal vigour. Aiilton.
The vigour of this arm was never vain :
Witnefs thefe heaps of Haughter. Dryden.
1. Mental force ; intellectual ability.
3. Energy; efficacy.
in the fruitful earth
His beams, unaCtive elle, their vigour find. Aiilton.
How does Cartefius all his finews flrain,
The earth’s attractive vigour to explain ? Blacknicre.
VILE. adj. [vil, Fr. vilis, Lat.] Bafe; mean; worthlcfs ;
fordid ; defpicable.
Our cafe were miferablc, if that wherewith we moft en¬
deavour to pleafe God, were in his fight fo vile and defpicable
as men’s dildainful lpeech would make it. Hooker.
I difdaining fcorn’d, and craved death.
Rather than I would be fo vile efteem’d. Shakefp.
He to-day that fheds his blood with me.
Shall be my brother; be he ne’er fo vile,
This day fhall gentle his condition. Shakefp.
The inhabitants account gold but as a vile thing. Abbot.
That linful creature man eleCted is.
And in our place the heavetjs poflefs he muft ;
Vile man, begot of clay, and born of duft. Fairfax.
A fpontaneous production is againft matter of faCt; a ching
without example not only in man, but the vileji ofweeds. Benil.
2. Morally impure ; wicked.
Reftor’d by thee, vile as I am, to place
Of new acceptance. Aiilton.
ViYed. adj. [from vile, whence revile.] Abufive; fcuirilous;
defamatory.
He granted life to all except to one, who had ufed viFd
fpeeches againft king Edward. Hayward.
VFlely. adv. [from vile.] Bafely; meanly; fhamefully.
The Volfcians vilely yielded the town. Shakefp.
How can I
Forget my HeCtor, treated with difhonour.
Depriv’d of funeral rites, and vilely dragg’d,
A bloody corfe, about the walls of Troy. A. Philips.
Vi'leness. n.f. [from vile.]
1. Bafenefs ; meannefe ; defpicablenefs.
His vilenefs us fhall never awe :
But here our fports fhall be:
Such as the golden world firft faw,
Moft innocent and free. Drayton.
RefleCf on the eflential vilenefs of matter, and its impo¬
tence to conferve its own being. Creech.
Confidering the vilenefs of the clay, I wondered that no
tribune of that age durft ever venture to afk the potter,
what doft thou make ? Swift.
2. Moral or intellectual bafenefs.
Then, vilenefs of mankind !
Could one, alas! repeat me good or great,
Wafh my pale body, or bewail my fate ? Ptior.
To ViTify. v. a. [from vile.] To debafe ; to defame; to
make contemptible, v
Tomalin could not abide,
To hear his fovereign vilify d. Drayton.
Their maker’s image
Forfook them, when themfelves they vilify'd
To ferve ungovern’d appetite ; and took
His image whom they lerv’d. Milton.
The difpleafure of their prince, thofe may expeCt, who would
put in practice all methods to vilify his perfon. Addifon.
Many paflions dilpofe us to deprefs and vilify the merit of
one rifing in the efteem of mankind. Addijon.
Vill. n.J. [ville, Fr. villa, Latin.] A village ; a fmall col¬
lection of houfes. Little in ufe.
This book gives an account of the manurable lands in
every manor, town, or vill. Hale.
VFlla. n.f. [villa, Lat.] A country feat.
The antient Romans lay the foundations of their villas and
palaces within the very borders of the fea. Addijon.
All vaft pofleflions; juft the fame the cafe,
Whether you call them villa, park, or chace. Pope,
29 F VFLLAGE.
V I L V I N
VI'LLAGE. n.f. [village, Fr.] A fmall colle&ior. of houfcs
in the Country, leis than a town.
Beggars, with roaring voices, from low farms,
Or pelting villages, flieep coats, and mills,
Inforce their charity. Sbaiefpeare.
The early village cock
Hath twice done falutation to the morn. Shakefp,
You have many enemies, that know not
Why they are fo 3 but, like the village curs,
Bark when their fellows do. Shakefpeare.
The country villages were burnt down to the ground. Knolles.
Thofe village-words give us a mean idea of the thing. Dryd.
Seam’d o’er with wounds which his own fabre gave,
In the vile habit of a village Have. Pope.
VYllager. n.f [from village.'] An inhabitant of the village.
Brutus had rather be a villager,
Than to repute himfelf a fon of Rome
Under fuch hard conditions. Shakefp.
When once her eye
Hath met the virtue of this magick duff,
I (hall appear fome harmlefs villager,
Whom thrift keeps up about his country geer. Milton.
If there are conveniences of life, which common uie
reaches not, it is not reafon to reject them, becaufe every
villager doth not know them. Locke.
VYllagerv. n. f. [from village.'] Diftridft of villages.
Robin Goodfellow, are you not he,
That fright the maidens of the villagery f Shakefp.
VFLLAIN. n.f. [vilain, Fr. villanus, low Latin.]
1. One who held by a bale tenure.
The Irifh inhabiting the lands fully conquered, being in
condition of flaves and villains, did render a greater revenue,
than if they had been made the king’s free fubje&s. Davies.
2. A wicked wretch.
We were prevented by a dozen armed knights, or rather
villains, who, ufing this time of their extreme feeblenefs, all
together fet upon them.
O villain ! villain! his very opinion in the letter. Ab¬
horred villain ! unnatural, detefted, brutifh villain ! Shakefp.
What in the world,
That names me traitor, villain-\\ke he lies. Shakefp.
He was ftabbed to the heart by the hand of a villain, upon
the mere impious pretence of his being odious to the parlia¬
ment. Clarendon,
Calm thinking villains, whom no faith could fix ;
Of crooked counfels, and dark politicks. Pope.
V/llanage. n. f [from villain.']
1. The ftate of a villain 3 bafe fervitude.
They exercife molt bitter tyranny,
Upon the parts brought into their bondage :
No wretchednefs is like to finful villanage. Fairy Queen.
Upon every fuch furrender and grant, there was but one
freeholder, which was the lord himfelf5 all the reft were but
tenants in villanage, and were not fit to be fworn in
juries. Davies.
2. Bafenefs 5 infamy.
If in thy fmoke it ends, their glories fhine 5
But infamy and villanage are thine. Dryden.
To VYllanize. v. a. [from villain.'] To debafe 3 to degrade 3
to defame.
Were virtue by defcent, a noble name
Could never villanize his father’s fame 3
But, as the firft, the laft of all the line,
Would, like the fun, ev’n in defcending fhine. Dryden.
Thefe are the fools, whofe ftolidity can baffle all argu¬
ments 5 whofe glory is in thqir fhame, in the debafing and
villanizing of mankind to the condition of beafts. Bentley.
VYllanous. adj. [from villain.]
1. Bafe 3 vile 5 wicked.
2. Sorry.
Thou art my fon 3 I have partly thy mother’s word, partly
my own opinion 3 but chiefly a villanous trick of thine eye
doth warrant me. Shakefp.
3. It is ufed by Shakefpeare to exaggerate any think deteftable.
We fhall lofe our time.
And all be turn’d to barnacles or apes.
With foreheads villanous low. Shakefp. Tempefl.
VFllanousl y. adv. [from villainous.] Wickedly 3 bafely.
The wandering Numidian falfified his faith, and villanoufy
flew Selymes the king, as he was bathing himfelf. Knolles.
Vi'llanousness. n. J. [from villainous.] Bafenefs 3 wickednefs.
Villany. n.f [from villain 3 villonnie, old French.]
1. Wickednefs 3 bafenefs ; depravity.
T ruft not thofe cunning waters of his eyes 3
For villainy is not without fuch a rheum :
And he, long traded in it, makes it feem
Like rivers of remorfe and innocence. Shakefp.
He is the prince’s jefter 3 and the commendation is not
in his wit, but in his villany. Shakefp.
2. A wicked action 3 a crime.
No villany, or flagitious a&ion was ever yet committed ;
but a lie was firft or laft the principal engine to effect it. South.
Such villainies rous’d Horace into wrath 3
And tis more noble to pur/ue his path,
1 han an old tale. Dryden.
Villa'tick. adj. [villaticus, Lat.] Belonging to villages.
Evening dragon came,
Affailant on the perched roods,
And nefts in order rang’d,
Of tame villatick fowl. Milton.
VI'LLI. n. f. [Latin.]
In anatomy, are the fame as fibres ; and in botany, fmall
hairs like tfie grain of plufh or fhag, with which, as a kind
of excrefcence, fome trees do abound. Quincy.
ViYlous. adj. [villofus, Lat.] Shaggy 3 rough.
The liquor of the ftomach, which with falling grows
fharp, and the quick fenfation of the inward villous coat of
the ftomach, feem to be the caufe of the fenfe of hunger. Arb.
VijvYneous. adj. [vimineus, Latin.] Made of twigs.
As in the hive’s vimineous dome,
Ten thoufand bees enjoy their home 3
Each does her ftudious adtion vary.
To go and come, to fetch and carry. Prtor.
VFNCIBLE. adj. [from vinco, Lat.J Conquerable 5 luperable.
He not vincible in fpirit, and well affined that fhortnefs of
provifion would in a fhort time draw the feditious to fhorter
limits, drew his fword. Hayward.
Becaufe ’twas abfolutely in my power to have attended
more heedfully, there was liberty in the principle, the miftake
which influenced the adfion was vincible. Norris.
Vi'ncibleness. n.f [from vincible.] Liablenefs to be over¬
come. Didt.
Vi/ncture. n.f [vindiura, Lat.] A binding. Bailey.
Vinde'mial. adj. [vindemia, Latin.] Belonging to a vintage.
To ViNDt/MiATE. v. n. [vindemia, Latin.] To gather the
vintage.
Nov/ vinclemicte, and take your bees towards the expiration
of this month. Eveyn.
V1 ndem 1 action, n.f. [vindemia,Lat.] Grape-gathering. Bailey.
To VFNDICATE. v. a. [vindico, Lat.]
1. To juftify 3 to fupport 3 to maintain.
Where the refpondent denies any propofition, the opponent
muft directly vindicate and confirm that propofition 3 i. e. he
muft make that propofition the conclufion of his next fyllogifm. Watts’s Improvetnent ofthe Mind.
2. To revenge 5 to avenge.
We ought to have added, how far an holy war is to be
purfued 3 whether to enforce a new belief, and to vindicate
or punifh infidelity ? Bacon.
Man is not more inclinable to obey God than man 3 but
' God is more powerful to exadl fubjedtion, and to vindicate
rebellion. Pearfon on the Creed.
The more numerous the offenders are, the more 'his
juftice is concerned to vindicate tl»e affront. Tillotfon.
Aflemble ours, and all the Theban race.
To vindicate on Athens thy difgrace. Dryden.
3. To aflert 3 to claim with efficacy.
Never any touch’d upon this way, which our poet juftly
has vindicated to himfelf. Dryden’s Pref. to Ovid.
The beauty of this town, without a fleet.
From all the world fhall vindicate her trade. Dryden.
4. To clear 3 to protedt.
God’s ways of dealing with us, are by propofition of ter¬
rors and promifes. To thefe is added the authority of the
commander, vindicated from our negledt by the interpofition of the greateft figns and wonders, in the hands of his
prophets, and of his fon. Hammond.
I may aflert eternal providence,
And vindicate the ways of God to man. Milton.
Vindication, n. f. [vindication, Fr. from vindicate.] De¬
fence 3 aflertion 3 juftification.
This is no vindication of her conduit. She ffill aits a
mean part, and, through fear, becomes an accomplice, in en¬
deavouring to betray the Greeks. Broome.
Vindicative, adj. [from vindicate.] Revengeful 3 given to
revenge.
He, in heat of aition.
Is more vindicative than jealous love. Shakefp.
Publick revenges are for the raoft part fortunate 3 but in
private revenges it is not fo. Vindicative perfons live the life
of witches, who, as they are mifehievous, fo end they un¬
fortunate. Bacon.
The fruits of adufted choler, and the evaporations ot a
vindicative fpirit. Howcl.
Do not too many believe no zeal to be fpiritual, but what
is cenforious or vindicative ? Whereas no zeal is lpiritual,
that is not alio charitable. > Sprats Sermonsr.
Diftinguifh betwixt a paffion purely vindicative, and thole
counfels where divine juftice avenges the innocent. L’Ejlrange.
Vindicator.
V I N V I o
Vindica'tor. n.f. [from vindicate.] One who vindicates j
an aflertor.
He treats tyranny, and the vices attending it, with the utmoft rigour ; and conlequently a noble foul is better pleas’d
with a jealous vindicator of Roman liberty, than with a
temporizing poet. Dryden.
V/ndicatory. adj. [from vindicator.]
1. Punitory; performing the office of vengeance.
The afflictions of Job were no vindicatory punifhments to
take vengeance of his fins, but probatory chaftifements to
make trial of his graces. Bramhall’s Anjwtr to Hobbs.
2. Defenfory; juftificatory.
Vind/ctive. adj. [from vindida, Latin.] Given to revenge 5
revengeful.
1 am vindictive enough to repel force by force. Dryden.
Augultus was of a nature too vindictive, to have contented
himieli with lo fmall a revenge. Dryden.
Vine, n f [vtnea, Latin.] 'Fhe plant that bears the grape.
1 he flower conliils of many leaves placed in a regular
order, and expanding in form of a role : the ovary, which is
iituated in the bottom of the flower, becomes a round
fruit, full of juice, and contains many fmall Hones in each.
1 he tree is climbing, fending forth clafpers at the joints, by
which it fallens itlelf to what plant Hands near it, and the fruit
is produced in bunches. The fpecies are, r. The wild vine,
commonly called the claret grape. 2. The July grape. 3. The
Corinth grape, vulgarly called the currant grape 4. The
parfley leav’d grape. 5. The miller’s grape. This is called
the Burgundy in England : the leaves of this lort are very
much powdered with white in the fpring, from whence it
had the name of miller s grape. 6. Is what is called in Bur¬
gundy Pineau, and at Orleans, Auverna : it makes very good
wine. 7. The white chaflelas, or royal mulcadine : it is a
large white grape; the juice is very rich. 8. The black
chaflelas, or black mucadine ; the juice is very rich. 9. The
red chaflelas, or red mufeadine. 10 The burlake grape.
11. The white muftat, or white Frontiniac. 12. The red
Frontiniac. 13. The black Frontiniac. 14. The damafk
grape. 15. The white fweet water. 16. The black fweet
water. 17. The white mufeadine. 18 The raifln grape.
19. The Greek grape. 20. The pearl grape. 21. The
St. Peter’s grape, or hefperian. 22. The malmfey grape.
23. The malmfey mufeadine. 24. The red Hamburgh
grape 25. The black Hamburgh, or warmer grape. 26. The
Switzerland grape. 27. The white mufeat, or Frontiniac of
Alexandria ; called aifo the Jerufalem mufeat and grofs muf¬
eat. 281 The red mufeat, or Frontiniac of Alexandria.
29. The white melie grape. 30. The white morillon.
31. The Alicant grape. 32. The white Auvernat. 33 The
grey Auvernat. 34. The raiiin mufeat. The late duke of
Tufcany,. who was very curious in colledfing all the forts of
Italian and Greek grapes into his vineyards, was poffdied of
upwards of three hundred feveral varieties. Miller.
The vitie-prop elm, the poplar never dry. Fairy Cfueen.
In her days every man {hail eat in fafety,
Under his own vine, what he plants. Shake/.
The captain left of the poor to be vine-dreflers. 2 Kings xxv.
Depending vines the {helving cavern fereen,
With purple clufters blufhing through the green. Pope.
Vi'negar. n.f [vinaigre, Fr.j
1. Wine grown four.
Vinegar is made by fetting the veffel of wine againft the
hot fun ; and therefore vinegar will not burn, much of the
finer parts being exhaled. Bacon.
Heav’n’s bleft beam turns vinegar more four. Pope.
2. Any thing really or metaphorically four.
Some laugh like parrots at a bag-piper.
And others of fuch vinegar afpedl.
That they’ll not fhow their teeth in way of fmile. Shake/p.
Vi'nnewed, or Vinney adj. Mouldy. Ainfworth.
V/neyard. n.f. [pmgeapb, Saxon.] A ground planted with
vines.
Let us not live in France ; let us quit all.
And give our vineyards to a barb’rous people. Sbakefp.
Though fome had fo furfeited in the vineyards, and with
the wines, that they had been left behind, the generofity of
the Spaniards fent them all home again. Clarendon.
VriVous. adj. [from vinum, Latin.] Having the qualities of
wine ; confifting of wine.
The motion of the oily drops may be in part due to fome
partial folution made by the vinous fpirit. Boyle.
Water will imbibe
The fmall remains of fpirit, and acquire
A vinous flavour. Philips.
Vantage, n.f. [vinage, Fr.] 1 he produce of the vine for
the year.
The befl wines are in the drieft vintages. Bacon.
Our firft fuccefs in war make Bacchus crown,
And half the vintage of the year our own. Waller.
Wntager. n.f. [from vintage.] He who gathers the vin¬
tage. Ainfworth.
V/ntnir. n.f. [from vittum, Lat.J One who fells wine.
2
The vintner may draw what religion he pleafes. Haweh
The vintner, by mixing poifon with his wines, dejflroys
more lives than any malignant difeafe. Swift.
Vi'ntry. n.f. The place where wine is fold. Ainfworth.
VYol. n.f. [violle, Fr. viola, Ital.J A ftringed inftrument of
mufick.
My tongue’s ufe is to me no more.
Than an unflringed viol, or a harp. Shakefp.
To ftrain a firing, flop it with the finger, as in the necks
of lutes and viols. Bacon.
Loud o’er the reft Cremona’s trump doth found ;
Me fofter airs befit, and fofter firings
Of lute, or viol, ftill more apt for mournful things. Milton.
Wolable. adj. [from violabilis, Lat.] Such as may be vio¬
lated or hurt.
Viola'ceous. adj. [from viola, Lat] Refembling violet?.
To Violate, v.a. [violo, Lat.]
1. To injure; to hurt.
I queftion thy bold entrance,
Employ’d to violate the fleep of thofe
Whofe dwelling God hath planted here in bills* Milton.
Kindnefs for man, and pity for his fate.
May mix with blifs, and yet not violate. Dryden.
Ceafe
To know what known will violate thy peace. Pope.
2. To infringe ; to break any thing venerable.
Some of violated vows
’Twixt the fouls of friend and friend. Shakefpeare.
Thofe offences which are by their fpecial qualities breaches
of fupernatural laws, do alfo, for that they are generally evil,
violate in general that principle of reafon, which willeth univerfally to' fly from evil. Hooker.
3. To injure by irreverence.
I would violate my own arm rather than a church. Brown.
Forbid to violate the facred fruit. Milton*
4. To ravifh ; to deflower.
The Sabines violated charms
Obfcur’d the glory of his rifling arms. Prior.
Violation, n.f [violatio, Lat.J
1. Infringement or injury of fomething facred.
Their right conceit that to perjury vengeance is due, was
not without good effedl, as touching the courfe of their lives,
who feared the wilful violation of oaths. Hooker.
Men, who had no other guide but their reafon, confldered
the violation of an oat.h to be a great crime. Addifon.
2. Rape ; the aril of deflowering.
If your pure maidens fali into the hand
Of hot and forcing violation. Shake/.
Violator. n.J. [violator, Lat.]
1. One who injures or infringes fomething facred.
May fuch places, built for divine worfhip, derive a bleffinoupon the head of the builders, as lafling as the curfe that
never fails to reft upon the facrilegious violators of them. South.
2. A ravilher.
Angelo is an adult’rous thief.
An hypocrite, a virgin violator. Shake/.
How does fhe fubjedl herfelf to the violator’s upbraidino-s
and infults. _ Clarijft.
Violence, n.f [violentia, Latin.]
1. Force ; ftrength applied to any purpofe.
To be imprifon’d in the viewlefs wind,-
And blown with reftlefs violence about. Shakefp.
All the elements
At leaft had gone to wreck, difturb’d and torn
With violence of this conflict, had not foon
Th’ eternal hung his golden feales. Milton.
2. An attack ; an aflault; a murder.
A noife did fcare me from the tomb ;
And {he, too defperate, would not go with me 5
But, as it feems, did violence on herfelf. Shakefp.’
3. Outrage ; unjuft force.
Griev’d at his heart, when looking down he faw
The whole earth fill’d with violence; and all flelh
Corrupting each their way. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
4. Eagernefs; vehemence.
That feal
You afk with fuch violence, the king
With his own hand gave me. Shakefp.
5. Injury ; infringement.
We cannot, without offering violence to all records, divine
and human, deny an univerfal deluge. Burnet.
6. Forcible defloration.
Violent, adj. [violentus, Lat.]
1. Forcible; adling with ftrength.
A violent crofs wind blows. Milton.
2. Produced or continued by force.
The pofture we find them in, according to his dodlrine,
muft be look’d upon as unnatural and violent; and no violent
ftate can be perpetual. Burnet.
3. Not natural, but brought by force.
Conqueror death dilcovers them fcarce men ;
Violent or ihameful death their due reward. Milton.
4. Un-
V I R V I R
/
4. Ufijuftly aflailant; murderous.
Some vio'ent hands were laid on Humphry’s life. Shakefp.
A foe fubtile or violent. Milton.
5. Unfeafonably vehement.
We might be reckoned fierce and violent, to tear away
that, which, if our mouths did condemn, our confidences
would ftorm and repine thereat. Hooker.
The covetous extortioner fhould remember, that finch violents (hall not take heaven, but hell by force. Decay of Piety.
6. Extorted; not voluntary.
Vows made in pain, are violent and void. Milton.
VIOLENTLY, adv. [from violent.'] With force; forcibly; ve¬
hemently.
Tcmp’rately proceed to what you would
Thus violently redrefis. Shakefp. Corio'atius.
Flame burneth more violently towards the fides, than in the
midft. Bacon.
Antient privileges muft not, without great neceflities, be
revoked, nor forfeitures be exadled violently, nor penal laws
uro-ed rigoroufly. Taylor's Rule ofliving holy.
Vi'olet. n.f [violette, Fr. viola, Lat.] A plant.
It hath a polypetalous anomalous flower, fomewhat refembling the papilionaceous flower ; for its two upper petals
reprefient the ftandard, the two fide ones the wings ; but the
lower one, which ends in a tail, refembles the iris. Out of
{he empalement arifies the pointal, which becomes a three-cor¬
nered fruit opening into three parts, and full of roundifh
feeds. There are nine fpecies. Miller.
When dailies pied, and violets blue.
Do paint the meadows much bedight. Shakefp.
Sweet echo, fweeteft nymph that liv’ft unfieen,
By flow Meander’s margent green.
And in the violet-zmbroider’d vale. Milton.
It alters not our firople idea, whether we think that blue
be in the violet itfelf, or in our mind only ; and only the
power of producing it by the texture of its parts, to be in
the violet itfielf. Locke.
Wolin. n.f. [violon, Fr. from viol.] A fiddle; a ftringed
inftrument of mufick.
Praifie with timbrels, organs, flutes ;
Praifie with violins, and lutes. Sandys.
Sharp violins proclaim
Their jealous pangs, and defiperation,
For the fair difdainful dame. Dryden.
Vi'olist. n.f. [from viol.] A player on the viol.
VJOLONCE'LLO. n.f. [Italian.] A ftringed inftrument of
mufick.
VIPER, n.f. [vipera, Lat.]
1. A fierpent of that fpecies which brings its young alive, of
which mod are poifionous.
A viper came out of the heat, and fattened on his
hand. Adis xxviii. 3-
He’ll gall of afps with thirfty lips fuck in ;
The viper's deadly teeth fhall pierce his Ikin. Sandys.
Viper-catchers have a remedy, in which they place fiuch
great confidence, as to be no more afraid of the bite of a
viper, than of a common puncture. This is no other than
axungia viperina, prefcntly rubbed into the wound. Derham.
2. Any thing mifehievous.
Where is this viper.
That would depopulate the city, and
Be every man himlelf ? Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Vi'perine. n.f. [viperinus, Lat.] Belonging to a viper.
Wperous. adj. [vipereus, Lat. from viper.] Having the qua¬
lities of a viper.
My tender years can tell,
Civil diflention is a vip'rous worm,
That gnaws the bowels of the commonwealth. Shakefp.
We are peremptory to difipatch
This viperous traitor. Shakefp.
Some vip'rous critick may bereave
Th’ opinion of thy worth for fiome defetff. Daniel's Mufoph.
Viper’s buglofs. n.f. [echium, Lat.] A plant.
The characters are, the cup of the flower is large, and
divided into five long (lender fegments ; the flower confifts of
one leaf, is fhaped like a funnel, and fomewhat infleCfed,
having its upper part ftretched, but in a greater length than
the lower: the upper part, or galea of the flower, is divided
into two ; and the lower part, or beard, into three parts : in
the middle of the flower are produced five ftamina (or
threads) which are reflexed. Each flower is fucceedcd by
four feeds, which are in form of a viper’s-head. Miller.
Viper’s grafs. n.f. [fcorzonera, Lat.] A plant.
It hath a femi-flofculous flower, confifting of many half
florets, which reft upon the embryoes, which arc included in
one common empalement, which is fcaly : the embryoes af¬
terwards become oblong feeds, which arc furnifhed with
down. Mil cr.
yiRA'GO. n.f [Latin.]
1. A female warriour ; a woman with the qualities of a man.
Melpomene reprefented like a virago or manlv lady, 4with
a majeftick and grave countenance. Peacham.
Swift.
To arms I to arms ! the fierce virago cries.
And fwift as lightening to the combat flics. /-W.
2. It is commonly uled in defoliation for an impudent turbulent
woman.
Vi'relay. n.f. [virelay, virelai, Fr.] A fort of little an¬
cient French poem, that conliftcd only of two rhymes and
fhort verfes, with flops. L'Acad.
The mournful mufe in mirth now lift ne mafic.
As ftie was wont in youngth and fummer days; •
But if thou algate lull like vu clays.
And looler fongs of love to underfong. Spenfcr.
The band of flutes began to play.
To which a lady lung a virelay :
And ftill at ev’ry clofc file would repeat
The burden of the fong, the daily is fo fwest. Drychn.
V/rent. adj. [virens, Lat.] Green; not faded.
In thefe, yet frefh and went, they carve out the figures
of men and women. Brown's Vulgar Erron s.
Wrge. n.f. [virga, Lat. belter verge, from verge, French.]
A dean’s mace.
Suppofe him now a dean compleat.
Devoutly lolling in his feat;
The filver virge, with decent pride.
Stuck underneath his cufhion fide.
VFRGIN. n.f. [vie1 ge, Fr. virgo, Lat.]
1. A maid ; a woman unacquainted with men.
This afpecl of mine hath fear’d the valiant;
The heft regarded virgins of our clime
Have lov’d it tod. ' eware,
Senfelefs bauble !
Art thou a feedary for this adt, and look’ft
So virgin-like without ? Shakefp. Cymbelinc.
The damfel was very fair, and a virgin. Gen. xxiv. 16.
Angelo is an adult’rous thief,
An hypocrite, a virgin violator. Shakcfpcare.
Much lefs can that have any place.
At which a virgin hides her face. Cowley.
2. A woman not a mother. Unufual.
Likeft to Ceres in her prime.
Yet virgin of Proferpina from Jove. Milton.
3. Any thing untouched or unmingled.
Tapers of white wax, commonly called virgin wax, burn
with lefs fmoke than common yellow wax. Boyle.
I have found virgin earth in the peat-marfhes of
Chefhire. Woodward.
Below the upper was a deep bed of fand only, which I
weighed, together with the virgin-mould. Derham.
4. The fign of the zodiack in which the fun is in Auguft.
Thence down amain by Leo and the Virgin. Milton.
Wrgin. adj. Befitting a virgin ; fuitable to a virgin ; maidenly.
Can you blame her then, being a maid, yet rofed over
with the virgin crimfon of modelly, if fhe deny the appear¬
ance of a naked blind boy. Shalef. Hen. V.
What fays the iilver with her virgin hue ? Shakef.
With eafe a brother o’ercame
The formal decencies of virgin-fhlame. Cowley.
To Wrgin. v. n. fa cant word.] To play the virgin.
A kifs
Long as my exile, fweet as my revenge !
I carried from thee, my dear ; and my true lip
Hath virgin'd it e’er fince. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Vi'rcinal. adj. [from virgin. ] Maiden; maidenly; per¬
taining to a virgin.
On the earth more fair was never feen.
Of chaftity and honour virginal.
Tears virginal
Shall be to me even as the dew to fire ;
And beauty, that the tyrant oft reclaims.
Shall to my flaming wrath be oil and flax. Shakefp.
Purity is a fpecial part of this fuperftriidlure, reftraining
of all defires of the flefh within the known limits of conju¬
gal or virginal chaftity. Hammond's Fundamentals.
To Vi'rginal. v. n. Fo pat; to ftrike as on the virginal.
A cant word.
Still virginalling upon thy palm. Sha’efp.
Wrginai.. n.f [more ufually virginals.] A mufical inftru¬
ment fo called, becaufe commonly ufed by young ladies.
The muiician hath produced two means of {training firings.
The one is flopping them with the finger, as in the necks of
lutes and viols ; the other is the fhortnefs of the firing, as in
harps and virginals. Bacon.
Virgi'nity. n.f. [virginitas, Lat.] Maidenhead ; unacquain¬
tance with man.
You do impeach your modefty too much.
To trull the opportunity of night.
And the ill counfel of a defart place,
With the rich worth of your virginity. Shakefp.
Natural virginity of itfelf is not a flatc more acceptable to
God ; but that, which is chofen in order to the convenience
of reli'don, and reparation from worldly incumbrances. Taylor. •
VFRILK. n.f. [viril's, Lat.] Belbhging to rtttm ; not puerile;
not feminine.
• - ViriT.ity,
Fairy fhieen.
v i r V I R
Virility, n.f. [Viriliti, Fr. virilitas, Lat. from v rile.]
1. Manhood ; charaCtcr of man.
The lady made generous advances to the borders of
virility. Rambler.
2. Power of procreation.
The great climaCterical was part, before they begat chil¬
dren, or gave any teftimony of their virility ; for none begat
children before the age of fixty-five. Brown.
ViRMi'LioN. n.f Properly vermilion. A red colour.
./Egle, the faireft Nais of the flood,
With a vermilion dye his temples ftain’d. Rofcommon.
V/rtual. ad). [virtue/, Fr. from virtue.] Having the effi¬
cacy without the fenflble or material part.
Metalline waters have virtual cold in them. Put there¬
fore wood into frnith’s Water, and try whether it will not
harden. Bacon.
Heat and cold have a virtual tranfition, without commu¬
nication of fubftance. Bacon.
Love not the heav’nly fpirits ? And how their love
Exprefs they ? by looks only ? or, do they mix
Irradiance ? virtual, or immediate touch ? Milton.
Every kind that lives.
Fomented by his virtual poW’r, and warm’d. Alilton.
Neither an actual or virtual intention of the mind, but only
that which may be gathered from the outward aCls. Stillingfleet.
Virtua'lity. n.f. [from virtual.] Efficacy.
In one grain of corn there lieth dormant a Virtuality of
many other, and from thence foitletimes proceed an hundred
'ears. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Virtually, adv. [from virtual.] In effect, though notformally.
They are virtually contained in other words ftill con¬
tinued. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Such is our conftitution, that the bulk of the people vir¬
tually give their approbation to every thing they are bound to
obey. Addifon.
To Vi'rtuate. v. a. [from virtue.] To make efficacious.
Potable gold fhould be endued with a capacity of being
affimilated to the innate heat, and radical moifture; or at
leaft virtuated with a power of generating the Paid eflentials. Harvey.
VI'RTUE; n. f. [Virtu*} Lat.]
x. Moral goodnefs.
Either I’m miffaken, ox there is virtue in that Falffaff. Shake/.
If there’s a power above us,
And that there is, all nature cries aloud
Through all her works, he muff delight in virtue,
And that which he delights in muff be happy. Addifon.
Virtue only makes our blifs below. Pope.
The character of prince Henry is improved by Shakefpear ;
and through the veil of his vices afld irregularities, \ve fee a
dawn of greatnefs and virtue. Shakefp. illujlrated.
2. A particular moral excellence.
In Belmont is a lady.
And fhe is fair, and, fairer than that word.
Of wond’rous virtues. Shakejp. Merchant of Venice.
Remember all his virtues,
And fhew mankind that goodnefs is your care. Addifon.
3. Medicinal quality.
All bleft fecrets,
All yoii unpublifh’d virtues of the earth,
Be aidant and remediate. Shakefp. V. Lear.
The virtuous bezoar is taken from the beafl that feedeth
Upon the mountains ; and that without virtue from thofe that
feed in the vallies. Bacon.
4. Medicinal efficacy.
An effay writer muff praCtife the chymical method, and
give the virtue of a full draught ill a few drops. Addifon.
5. Efficacy; power.
If neither words, nor herbs will do, I’ll try ftones; for
there’s a virtue in them. L'Eftrange.
Where there is a full purpofe to pleafe God, there, what
a man can do, fhall, by virtue thereof, be accepted. South.
They are not fure, by virtue of fyllogifm, that the conclufion certainly follows from the premifes. Locke.
This they fhall attain, partly in virtue of the promife made
by God ; and partly in virtue of piety. Atterbury.
He ufed to travel through Greece, by virtue of this fable,
which procured him reception in all the towns. Addifom
6. ACtmg power.
Jefus knowing that virtue had gone out of him, turried
him about. Mark v. 30.
7. Secret agency; efficacy, without vifible of material aCtiOn.
She moves the body, which (he doth poffefs;
Yet no part toucheth, but by virtue's touch. Davies.
$. Bravery; valour.
Tiuft to thy Angle virtue; for thy foldiers
Took their difeharge. Shakefp. K. Lear.
The conqueft of Paleffine, with Angular virtue they per¬
formed, and held that kingdom fome few generations. Raleigh.
9. Excellence ; that which gives excellence.
In the Greek poets, as alfo in Plautus, the oeconomy of
poems is better obferved than in Terence; who thought the
foie grace ahd virtue of their fable, the flicking in of fentences, as ours do the forcing in of jefts. B. Johnfon.
10. One of the orders of the celeftial hierarchy.
Thrones, domination, princedoms, virtues, pow’rs. Milt.
A winged virtue through th’ etherial fky,
From orb to orb Unwearied doff thou fly. Tickell.
Vi'rtueless. adj. [from Vi tue.]
1. Wanting virtue ) deprived of virtue.
2. Not having efficacy ; without operating qualities.
All fecond caufes, together with nature herfelf, without
that operative faculty which God gave them, would become
altogether Alent, virtuelefs, and dead. Raleigh.
Virtuelefs fhe wifht all herbs and charms,
Wherewith falfe men increafe their patients harms. Fairfax.
Some would make thofe glorlouscreatures^/r/Mf/^/r. Hakewill.
VIRTUO'SO. n.f. [Italian.] A man (killed in antique or na¬
tural curiofities; a man ftudious of painting, ftatuary, or
architecture.
Methinks thofe generous virtuofi dwell in a higher region
than other mortals. Glanville.
Virtuofo, the Italians call a man who loves the noble arts,
and is a critick in therti. And amongft our French painters,
the word vertueux is underftood in the fame AgniAcation. Dryd.
This building was beheld with admiration by the virtuofi
of that time. Tatler, N°. 52.
Showers of rain are now met with in every water-work 1
and the viituofo’s of France covered a little vault with artiAcial fnow. Addifon.
VFRTUOUS. ddj. [from virtue.]
1. Morally good;
If his occafion were not virtuous,
I fhould not urge it half fo faithfully. Shakefpeart.
Virtuous and holy, be thou conqueror. Shakefpeart.
What fhe wills to do or fay,
Is wifeft, virtuoujeji, difereeteft, beft; Milton.
Favour’d of heav’n, who finds
Ohe virtuous rarely found.
That in domeftick good combines:
Happy that hOufe ! his way to peace is friiooth. Milton.
2. [Applied to women.] Chafte.
Miftrefs Ford, the modeft wife, the virtuous Creature, that
hath the jealous fool to her hufband ! Shakefp.
3. Done in confequence of moral goodnefs.
Nor love is always of a vicious kind.
But oft to virtuous aCts inflames the mind. Dryden.
4. Efficacious ; powerful.
With one Virtuous toUch, th’ arch-chetmc furi.
Produces, with terreftrial humour mix’d;
Here in the dark, fo many precious things. Milton.
5. Having Wonderful or eminent properties.
Out of his hand,
That virtuous fteel he rudely {hatch’d away. Fairy Queen.
Lifting up his virtuous ftaff on high.
He fmote the fea, which calmed was with fpeed. Spenfer^
He own’d that vi> tuous ring and glafs. Milton.-
6. Having medicinal qualities.
Some obferve that there is a virtuous beZoar, arid another
without virtue; the virtuous is taken from the beafl that
feedeth where there are theriacal herbs; and that without
virtue, from thofe that feed where no fuch herbs are. Bacon.
The ladies fought around
For virtuous herbs, which, gather’d from the ground.
They fquezz’d the juice; and cooling ointment made. Dryd.
Virtuously, adv. [from virtuous.] In a virtuous manner;
according to the rules of virtue.
The Gods are my witnefles, I defire to do virtudujly. Sidney.
In fum, they taught the world no lefs virtuoufly how to
die, than they had done before how to live. Hooker.
They that mean virtuoufly, and yet do fo,
The devil their virtue tempts not, they tempt heav’h. Shak.
Not from grey hairs authority doth flow.
Nor from bald heads, nor from a wrinkled brow j
But our paft life, when virtuoufly fpent,
Muff to our age thofe happy fruits prefent. Denham«
The coffeeman has a little daughter four years old, who
has been virtuoufly educated. Addifon.
VFrtuousness. n.f [from virtuous.] The flate or character
of being virtuous.
Many other adventures are intermeddled; as the IoVe of
Britomert, and VirtuSu/hefl of BelpKaebe; and the lafcivioufriefs of Helenora. Spenfer.
Virulence. }n.f [froth virulent.] Mental poifori ; maligVi'rulency. j rilty; 2Crimony of temper; bitternefs.
Difputes in religion are managed with virulehcy and bitter¬
nefs. Decay of Piety.
It infills into their minds the utmoft virulence, inflead of
that charity which is the perfection and ornament of reli¬
gion. Addifon.
The whigs might eafily have maintained a majority among
the clergy, if they had not too riiuch encouraged this in¬
temperance of fpeech, and virulence of pen, in the moft prOftitute of their party. Swift.
29 G Virulent.
V I s V I s
VYrulent. adj. [virulent, Fr. virulentus, Lat]
J. Poifonous ; venemous.
2.Poifoned in the mind ; bitter ; malignant.
VIRULENTLY, adv. [from virulent.'] Malignantly; with blttcrnefs.
Wsage. n.f [vifage, Fr. vifaggio, Italian.] Face; counte¬
nance; look, lr is now rarely ufed but with Tome ideas of
diflike or horrour.
Phebe doth behold
Her filver vifage in the watry glafs,
t)eckiiig with liquid pearl the bladed grafs. Shakefp.
When fhe fhall hear this of thee, with her nails
She’ll flea thy wolfifn vifage. Sbakcfp. K. Lear.
Whereto ferves mercy,
But to confront the vifage of offence. Shakefp. Hamlet.
With hoftile frown,
And vifage all inflam’d, firft thus began. Milton.
By the rout, that made the hideous roar.
His goary vifage down the ftream was fent;
pown the fwift Hebrus to the Lefbian fhore. Milton.
Love and beauty ftill that vifage grace ;
Death cannot fright ’em from their wonted place. Waller.
To Vi'scerate. v. a. [ vifcera, Latin.] To embowel; to exentrate.
VFSCID. adj. [vifcidus, Latin.] Glutinous; tenacious.
Visci'dit y. n.f. [from vifcid.]
Glutinoufnefs; tenacity; ropinefs.
This motion in fome human creatures may be weak, in
refpeCt to the vifcidity of what is taken, fo as not to be able
to propel it. Arbuthnot.
2.Glutinous concretion.
Catharticks of mercurials precipitate the vifcidities by their
ftypticity. Flayer.
Visco'sity. n.f. [vifcoftc, Fr. from vifcous.]
1. Glutinoufnefs ; tenacity.
The air being mixed with the animal fluids, determines
their condition as to rarity, denffty, vifcofty, tenuity. Arbuth.
2. A glutinous fubftance.
A tenuous emanation, or continued effluvium, after fome
diffance, retradeth unth itfelf, as is obfervable in drops of
fyrups, and feminal vifofiiies. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
VFSCOUNT. n.f. [vicecomes, Lat]
Vifcount fignifies as much as fherifF; between which two
words there is no other difference, but that the one comes
from our conquerors the Normans, and the other from our
ancestors the Saxons. Vifcount alfo fignifies a degree of nobilty next to an earl, which is an old name of office, but a
new one of dignity, never heard of amongft us, till Henry
VI. his days. Cowel.
Viscountess, n.f. [from vifcount. Vifcount and vifcountefs
are pronounced viconnt and vicountefs.] The lady of a vif¬
count ; a peerefs of the fourth order.
Vi'scous. adj. [vifqueux, Fr. vifcofus, Lat.] Glutinous ; fticky ;
tenacious.
The caufe of the fcouring virtue of nitre is, that it hath
a fubtle fpirit, which fevereth and divideth any thing that is
foul and vifcous. Bacon.
Holly is of fo vifcous a juice as they make bird-lime of
the bark. Bacon.
Visibility, n.f [•vfbilite, Fr. from vifible.]
1. The ftate or quality of being perceptible by the eye.
The colours of outward objefts brought into a darkened
room, do much depend for their vifibility, upon the dimnefs
of the light they are beheld by. Boyle.
2. State of being apparent, or openly difcoverable; confpicuoufnefs.
They produced this as an inftance againft the perpetual
vifibility of the church, and he brings it to prove that it ceafed
to be a true church. St-illingfeet.
In thefe, the vifibility and example of our virtues will
chiefly confift. Rogers's Sermons.
VFSIBLE. n.f. [vifible, Fr. vifibilis, Lat.]
1. Perceptible by the eye.
Vifbles work upon a looking-glafs, which is like the pupil
of the eye ; and audibles upon the places of echo, which refemble the cavern of the ear. Bacon.
On this mount he appeared ; under this tree
Stood vifible;
Here with him at this fountain talk’d. Milton.
Each thought was vifible, that roll’d within,
As through a cryftal cafe the figur’d hours are feen. Dryden.
A long leries of anceftors (hews the native luftre with
great advantage; but if he degenerate from his line, the leaft
fpot is vifible on ermine. Dryden.
2. Difcovered to the eye.
If that the heavens do not their vifible fpirits
Scud quickly down to tame the vile offences,
Humanity muff perforce prey on itfelf,
Like monfters of the deep. Shakefp. K. Lear.
3. Apparent; open ; confpicuous.
I he factions at court were greater* or more vifible than
before. Clarendon.
Vi'siblenE-SS. n. f. [from vifible.] State or quality of being
vifible.
Visibly, adv. [from vifible.] In a manner perceptible by th«
eye.
The day being vifibly governed by the fun, is a little
longer than the revolution of the equator; fo much as is
occafioned by the advance of the fun in his annual contrary
motion along the ecliptick. Holder.
By the head we make known more vifibly our fupplications,
our threatnings ; enough to fee the face, and to underftand
the mind at half a word. Dryden.
VPSION. n.f. [vifon, Fr. vifo, Latin.]
1. Sight; the faculty of feeing.
Anatomifts, when they have taken off" from the bottom of
the eye that outward and moft thick coat called the dura
mater, can then fee through the thinner coats, the pi&ure*
of objects lively painted thereon. And thefe pictures, pro¬
pagated by motion along the fibres of the optick nerves into
the brain, are the caufe of vifon. Newton's Opticls.
Thefe theorems being admitted into optics, there would be
fcope enough of handling that fcience voluminoufly, after a
new manner; not only by teaching thofe things which tend
to the perfection of vifon, but alfo by determining mathe¬
matically all kinds of phenomena of colours which could be
produced by refraCtions. Newton's Opticks.
2. The aCt of feeing.
Vifon in the next life is the perfecting of faith in this-;
or faith here is turned into vifon there, as hope into en¬
joying. Hammond's Pradl. Catecbijm.
3. A fupernatural appearance ; a fpeCtre ; a phantom.
The day feems long, but night is odious ;
No fleep, but dreams ; no dreams, but vifons ffrange. Sidney.
Laft night the very gods Ihew’d me a vifon. Shakefp.
God’s mother deigned to appear to me ;
And, in a vifon, full of majefty,
Will’d me to leave my bafe vocation. Shalefp. Hen. VI.
Him God vouchfaf’d.
To call by vifon, from his father’s houfe,
Into $ land which he will fhew him. Milton's Par. Lof.
4. A dream; fomething fhewn in a dream. A dream happens
to a fleeping, a vifion may happen to a waking man. A
dream is fuppofed natural, a vifion miraculous ; but they are
confounded.
Elis dream returns ; his friend appears again : J
The murd’rers come; now help, or I am flain ! C
’Twas but a vifon ftill, and vifons are but vain. Dryden. 3
The idea of any thing in our mind, no more proves the
exiftence of that thing, than the vifons of a dream make a
true hiftory. Locke.
V/sionary. adj. [vifonnaire, Fr. from vifon.]
1. AffeCIed by phantoms; difpofed to receive impreffions oil
the imagination.
No more thefe feenes my meditation aid,
Or lull to reft the vifonary maid. Pope's Eloifa to Abelard.
2. Imaginary ; not real; feen in a dream ; perceived by the
imagination only.
The hounds at nearer diftance hoarfly bray’d ;
The hunter clofe purfu’d the vifonary maid. Dryden.
If you have any fkill in dreams, let me know whether I
have the fame place in the real heart, that I had in the vi¬
fonary one. . Addifon.
Our victories only led us to further vifonary profpedts ;
advantage was taken of the fanguine temper which fuccefs
had wrought the nation up to. Swift.
Vi'sionary. In. f. [vifonaire, Fr J One whofe imagination »
Vi'sionist. J difturbed.
The lovely vifonarygave him perpetual uneafinefs./Vwr.^w/a'.
To VKSIT. v. a. [vifter, Fr. vfto, Lat.]
1. To go to fee.
You muft go vift the lady that lies in.-1 vift her with
my prayers ; but I cannot go thither. Shakefp. Coridanus.
Virgins vifted by angel pow’rs. Pope.
2. [In fcriptural language.] To fend good or evil judi¬
cially.
When God vifteth, what fliall I anfwer him ? Job xxxi. 14.
Thou Ihalt be z ifted of the Lord with thunder. Ifa. xxix. 6.
When I vift, I will vift their fin upon them. Ejr.xxxii.34.
God vift thee in good things. Judith xiii. 20.
That venerable body is in little concern after what manner
their mortal enemies intend to treat them, whenever God
fhall vift us with fo fatal an event. Swift.
3. To falute with a prefent.
Samfon vifted his wife with a kid. judges xv. 1.
4. To come to a furvey, with judicial authority.
The bifhop ought to vift his diocefe every year in
perfon. Ayliffc.
ToVi'sit. v.n. To keep up the intercourfe of ceremonial
falutations at the houfes of each other.
VffsiT. n.f [vifte, Fr. from the verb.] The aCt of going to
fee another.
In a defigned or accidental vift, let fome one take a book,
which may be agreeable, and read in it. Watts.
Visi-
V I s
V ISITAULF. adj. [from vifit.] Liable to be vifited.
All hofpitals built lince the reformation, tire viftable by the
king or lord chancellor. Aylife's Parergon.
Visitant, n. f [from vifit.} One who goes to fee another.
He alone
To find where Adam fhelter’d, took his way
Not unperceiv’d of Adam, who to Eve, *
While the great vifitant approach’d, thus fpake. Milton.
One vifit begins an acquaintance; and when the vifitant
comes again, he is no more a Granger. W/,
Edward the fM, who had been a vifitmt in Spain, upon
aflton m the holy land, fixed both our pounds by the meafhres
° 1 C-. ' . .. Arbutbnot on Coins,
trriev d that a vifitant fo long fiiou’d wait
Unmark d, unhonour’d, at a monarch’s gate,
Inftant he flew. p ^,qjj ,. . , 6
Visitation, n.f [vifito, Latin.]
1. The adf of vifiting.
He comes not
Like to his father’s greatnefs ; his approach.
So out of circumftance and fudden, tells us,
Tis not a vifitation fram’d, but forc’d
By need and accident. Shakefp. Winter Tale.
What would you with the princefs ?--
--Nothing but peace and gentle vifitation. Shakefpeare.
2. Object of vifits.
O flow’rs.
My early vifitation, and my laft. Milton's Par. Lof.
3. [Vifitation, Fr.J Judicial vifit-or perambulation.
The bifhop ought to vifit his diocefe every year in perfon,
unlefs he omits the fame becaufe he would not burthen his
churches; and then ought to fend his arch-deacon, which
was the original of the arch-deacon’s vifitation. Aylife.
4. Judicial evil fent by God ; ftate of fufftring judicial evil.'
That which thou doft not underftand when thou readeft,
thou lhalt underftand in the day of thy vifitation. For many
fecrets of religion are not perceived till they be felt, and are
not felt but in the day of a great calamity. Taylor.
5. Communication of divine love.
The moll comfortable viftations God hath fent men from
above, have taken efpecially the times of prayer as their moll:
natural opportunities. Hooker.
Visitatorial, adj. [from vifitor.] Belonging to a judicial
vifitor.
Some will have it, that an archdeacon does of common
right execute this viftutorial power in his archdeaconry : but
others lay that an archdeacon has a viftatot lal power only of
common right per modum fmplicis ferutinii, as being bifhop’s
v*car* Ayliffe's Pare-gon.
Vi'siter. n.f. [from vifit.']
X. One who comes to fee another.
Here’s ado to lock up honefty and honour from the accefs
of gentle vifitors. Shakefpeare.
You fee this confluence, this great flood of vifters. Shakefi
Confumptives of this degree entertain their vifters with
ftran'ge rambling difeourfes of their intent of going here and
there. Harvey.
I have a large houfe, yet I fhould hardly prevail to find one
vifiter, if I were not able to hire him with a bottle of
wine. Swift to Gay.
2.[Viftear, Fr.] An occafional judge; one who regulates
the diforders of any fociety.
The vifters expell’d the orthodox; they, without fcruple
or fliame, poflefs’d themfelves of their colleges. Walton.
To him you muff your fickly ftate refer ;
Your charter claims him as your vifter. Garth.
Whatever abufes have crept into the univerfities, might be
reformed by ftrieft injunctions to the viftors and heads of
houfes. Swift's Projectfor the Advancement ofReligion.
V/snomy. n.f [corrupted from phyfiognomy.] Face; counte¬
nance. Not in ufe.
Twelve gods do fit around in royal flate,
And Jove in midft with awful majelly,
To judge the ftrife between them ftirred late :
Each of the gods by his like vifnomy
Eath to be known, but Jove above them all
By his great looks and pow’r imperial. * Spenfer.
Wsive. adj. [vifif Fr. vifus> Lat.] Formed in the aCt of
feeing.
This happens when the axis of the vifive cones, diffufed
From the objedt, fall not upon the fame plane ; but that
which is conveyed into one eye is more deprefled or elevated
than that which enters the other. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
VFSOR. « f [This word is varioufly written vifard, vifar,
vifor, vizard, vizor. I prefer vifor, as neareft the Latin
vifis, and concurring with vifage, a kindred word; vifere,
French.] A mafk ufed to disfigure and difguife.
I fear, indeed, the weaknefs of my government before,
made you think fuch a mafk would be grateful unto me ;
and my weaker government fince, makes you pull off the
vifor. Sidney.
V I T •
This loutifl, clown is fuch that you never flaw fo ill.
favoured a tfar; h.s behaviour fuch, that he is beyond the
degree of ridiculous. Sidne
By which deceit doth mafk in vifor fair *
And calf her colours dyed deep in grain.
To feem like truth, whofe fhape Ihe well can fain. Spenfer.
But that thy face is, vizor-like, unchanging, J
Made impudent with ufe of evil deeds,
I wou’d efiay, proud queen, to make thee blufh. Shakefp.
One vijor remains,
And that is Claudio ; I know him by his bearing. Shakefp.
The Cyclops, a people of Sicily, remarkable for cruelty,
perhaps, in their wars ufe a head-piece, pr
vizor. Broome's Odyjf Notes.
Vi sored, v.n. [from vifor.] Mafked.
Hence with thy brew’d enchantments, foul deceiver !
Haft thou betray d my credulous innocence
With vifor'd falfhood, and bafe forgery. Milton.
/ STA. n.f [Italian.] View; profpe£t through an avenue,
n St. Peters, when a man ftands under the dome, if he
ooks upwards, he is aftonifhed at the fpacious hollow of the
cupola, that makes one of the beautifulleft vifia's that the
eje can pafs through. Addijon's Rema ks on Italy.
I he finifh’d garden to the view
^ Its vifa s opens, and its alleys green. Thomfon's Spring.
isuaL. adj. [vifuel, French.] Ufed in fight; exercifing^fhe
power of fight; inftrumental to fight.
An eye thruft forth fo as it hangs a pretty diftance by the
vfual nerve, hath been without any power of fight; and
yet, after being replaced, recovered fight. Bacon's Nat. Hifi.
The air.
No where fo clear, fharpen’d his vifual ray
To objeefts diftant far. Milton's Par. Lof.
Then purg’d with euphrafy and rue
The vifual nerve ; for he had much to fee. Milton.
Inward light, alas,
T,T,_^>UJS for,:h no vifual beam ! Milton's Agonifes.
VITAL, adj. [vitails, Latin.]
1. Contributing to life; neceflary to life.
His heart, broken with unkindnefs and afflitffion, ftretched
10 far beyond his limits with this excefs of comfort, as it
was able no longer to keep fafe his vital fpirits. Sidney.
All nature laughs, the groves are frefh and fair;
The fun s mild luftre warms the vital air. Potet
2. Relating to life. . ^
Let not Bardolph’s vital thread be cut
With edge of penny cord, and vile reproach. Shakefpeare.
On the rock a fcanty meafure place
Of vital ilax, and turn the wheel a-pace. Dryden.
3. Containing life.
Spirits that live throughout;
Vital in every part; not as frail man.
In intrails, heart, or head, liver, or reins,
Cannot but by annihilating die. Milton's Par. Lof*
On the watry calm,
His brooding wings the Fpirit of God outfpreads;
And vital virtue infus’d, and vital warmth
Throughout the fluid mafs. Milton's Par. Lof.
4. Being the feat of life.
The dart flew on, and pierc’d a vital part. Pope.
5. So difpofed as to live. Little ufed, and rather Latin than
Englifh.
Pythagoras and Hippocrates not only affirm the birth of the
feventh month to be vital, that of the eighth mortal; but
the progreffion thereto to be meafured by rule. Brown.
6. Eflential; chiefly neceflary.
Know grief’s vital part
Confifts in nature, not in art. Bp. Corbet.
Vita'lity. n.f. [from vital.] Power of fubfifting in life.
Whether that motion, vitality and operation were by in¬
cubation, Or how elfe, the manner is only known to
God. Raleigh's Hif. of the World.
For the fecurity of fpecies produced only by feed, provi¬
dence hath enduej all feed with a lafting vitality, that if by
any accident it happen not to germinate the firft year, it will
continue its faecundity twenty or thirty years. Ray,
Vi'tally. adv. [from vital.] In fuch a manner as to give
life.
The organical ftru&ure of. human bodies, whereby they
are fitted to live and move, and be vitally informed by the
foul, is the workmanfhip of a moft wife, powerful, and
beneficent maker. Bentley.
VFtals. n.f. [Without the fingular.] Parts eflential to life.
By fits my fwelling grief appears.
In rifing fighs, and falling tears.
That fhow too well the warm defires,
The filent, flow, confuming fires,
Which on my inmoft vitals prey,
And melt my very foui away. Phillips.
ViteYlary. n.f. [from vitellus, Latin.] The place where
the yolk of the egg fwims in the white.
A greater
v i T V I V
A gi'eater clifHcutty in the dbiffrine of eggs is, how the
Tperm of the cock attaincth into every egg ; hnce the vitellary,
br place of the yolk, is very high. Brown s Vulg. Errouts.
To VI'TIATE. v. a. [vim, Latin.] To deprave; to fpoil;
to make lei's pure. r .r,. ,
The fun in his garden gives him the purity of vifiblc objects, and of true nature, before fhe was v,Mted by
luxury Evelyn's Kalmd.
The onrans of fpeech are managed by fo many lnUltles,
thatfpeech is not eafdy deftroyed, though often fomewhat
vitiated as to fome particular letters. . 0 er‘
Spirits encountering foul bodies, and excitihg a fermentation
ofthofe vitiated humours, precipitate into putrid fevers. Harvey.
This undiftinguifhing complaifance will vitiate the taite ot
the readers, and mifguide many of them in their judgments,
where to approve and where to cenfure. Garth.
A tranfpofition of the order of the facramental words,
in fome men’s opinion, vitiates baptifm. Ayliffe s Parergon.
Vrri ACTION* n.J. [from vitiate.] Depravation ; corruption.
The forefaid extenuation of the body is imputed to the
blood’s vitiation by malign, putrid vapours fmoking through¬
out the veflels. Harvey on Conjumptions.
T6 VITILI'TIGATE. v. n. [vitiofus and litigo, Lat.] To
contend in law.
Vitilitiga/tion. n.f. [from vitilitigate.] Contention ; cavillation.
I’ll force you by right ratiocination.
To leave your vitilitigation. Hudibras.
ViTJo'sity. n.J. [from vitiofus, Lat.] Depravity; corruption.
He charges it wholly upon the corruption, perverfenefs,
and vitiofity of man’s will, as the only caufe that rendered
all the arguments his doftrine came cloathed with, unfuccefsful. South’s Simons.
VI'TIOUS. adj. [vicieux, Fr. vitiofus, Latin.]
I. Corrupt; wicked; oppofite to virtuous. It is rather ap¬
plied to habitual faults* than criminal adlions.
Make known
It is no vitious blot, murder, or foulnefs
That hath depriv’d me of your grace. Shakefp. K. Leaf.
Witnefs th’ irreverent fon
Of him who built the ark ; who, for the fhame
Done to his father, heard his heavy curfe,
* Servant of fervants/ on his vitious race* Milton•
Wit’s wh2t the vitious fear, the virtuous fhun;
By fools ’tis hated, and by knaves undone. Pope.
No troops abroad are fo ill difeiplin’d as the Englifh ;
which cannot well be otherwife, while the common foldiers
have before their eyes the vitious example oftheir leaders. Swift.
1. Corrupt; having phyfical ill qualities.
When vitious language contends to be high, it is full of
rock, mountain, and pointednefs. B- Jobnfon.
Here from the vicious air and fickly fkies,
A plague did on the dumb creation rife Dryden.
Vi'tiously. adv. [from vitious.] Not virtuoufly; corruptly.
Wtiousness. n.f [from vitious.] Corruptnefs ; ftate of be¬
ing vitious.
When we in our vitioufnefs grow hard.
The wife gods feal our eyes. _ # Shakefpeare.
What makes a governor juftly defpifed is vitioufnefs and ill
morals. Virtue muft tip the preacher’s tongue, and the
ruler’s feepter with authority. South.
VI'TREOUS. adj. [vitre, Fr. vitreus, Lat.] Glafly; confifting of glafs ; refembhng glafs.
The hole anfwers to the pupil of the eye ; the cryftalhne
humour to the lenticular glafs; the dark room to the cavity
containing the vitreous humour, and the white paper to the
retina. Bay on the Creation.
When the phlegm is too vifcOus, or feparateo into too
great a quantity, it brings the blood into a morbid ftate . this
vifeous phlegm feenis to be the vitreous petuite of the antjents< Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Vi'treousness. n.f [from vitreous.] Refemblance of glafs.
Vi'trificable. adj. [from vitrificate.] Convertible into glafs.
To VITRFF1CATE. v. a. [vitrum and facio, Lat.] To
change into glafs.
We have metals vitrifeated, and other materials, bciides
thofe of which you make glafs. _ _ Bacon.
Vitrifica'tion. n.f. [vitrification, Fr. from vitrificate.] Produaion of glafs ; aft of changing, or ftate of being changed
into glafs. .
For vitrification likewife* what metals will endure it. Alio,
becaufe vitrification is accounted a kind of death of metals,
what vitrification will admit of turning back again, and
what not ? Bacon’s Phyfical Remarks.
If the heat be more fierce, it maketh the groffer part itfelf
run and melt; as in the making of ordinary glafs ; and in
the vitrification of earth in the inner parts of furnaces; and
in the vitrification of brick and metals. Bacon’s Nat. Hff.
Upon the knowledge of the different ways of making
minerals and metals capable of vitrification, depends the art
of making counterfeit or fidlitious gems. Boyle on Colours.
ToVi'trify. v. a. [vitrifier, Fr. vitrum and facio, Lat.] To
change into glafs.
Metals will vitrify ; and perhaps fome portion of the
glafs of metal vitrified, mixed in the pot of ordinary glafs
metal, will make the whole mafs more tough. Bacon.
Iron-flag, vitiificd, has in it cortices incompafTmg one
another, like thofe in agats. JVoodward.
To Vi'trify. v. n. To become glafs; to be changed into
glafs.
Chymifts make veflels of animal fubftances calcined, which
will not vitrify ill the fire ; for all earth which hath any fait
or oil ill it, will turn to glafs. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
VFtriol. n.f. [vitriol, Fr. vitriolum, Lat.]
Vitriol is produced by addition of a metallick matter with
the foflil acid fait. JVoodward.
I rubbed it With the vitriol-done. JVifeman s Surgery.
Vl'TRIOLATE. Itidj. [vitriole, Fr. from vitriolum, Lat.] ImVi'triolated. ) pregnated with vitriol; conflfting of vitriol.
Iron may be diflolved by any tart, fait, or vitriolated
water. Bacon.
The water having diflolved the imperfe&ly calcined body,
the vitnolate corpufcles fwimrhing in the liquor, by their occurfions conftituted little mafies of vitriol, which gave the
water they impregnated a fair vitriolate colour. Boylt.
Vitrio'lick. i adj. [vitriolique, Fr. from vitriolum, Lat.] ReVitrFolous. ) fembling vitriol; containing vitriol.
Copperofe of Mars, by fome called fait of fteel, made by
the fpirits of vitriol or fulphur, will, after ablution, be at¬
tracted by the loadftone : and therefore whether thofe fhoot-*
ing falts partake but little of fteel, and be not rather the vitriolous fpirits fixed unto fait by the effluvium or odour of
fteel, is not without good queftion. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
Theft falts have fomewhat of a nitrous tafte, but mix’d
with a fmatch 6f a vitriolick. Grew's Mufaum:
By over-fermentation, or long-keeping, wine becomes
{harp as in hock, like the vitriolick acidity. Floyer.
Vi'tuline. adj. [vitulinus, Lat.] Belonging to a calf, or to
veal. Bailey.
Vitu'peraele. adj. [viiuperabilis, Lat.] Blame worthy. Ainf.
To Vitu perate, v. a. [vituperer, br. vitupero, Latin.] io
blame; to cenfure.
Vituperation, n.f. [vituperatio,\-i2X.] Blame; cenfure.
Such a writing ought to be clean, and free from any cavil
or vituperation ot ralure. Ayliffe s Parergon.
VIVACIOUS, adj. [vivax, Lat.]
1. Long-lived.
Though we fhould allow them their perpetual calm and
equability of heat, they will never be able to prove, that
therefore men would be fo vivacious as they would have us
believe. Bentley.
2. Spritely ; gay ; active ; lively.
Viva ciousness. H r [vivacite, Fr. from vivacious.
Viva'city.
1. Livelinefs ; Spritelinefs.
They are efteemed very hot in Operation, and will, in a
convenient air, furvive fome days the lofs of their heads and
hearts ; fo vigorous is their vivacity. Boyle.
He had a great vivacity in his countenance. Dryden.
2. Longevity ; length of life.
Fables are rais’d concerning the vivacity of deer ; for nei¬
ther are their geftation nor increment filch as may afford an
argument of long life. Brown’s Z7ulgar Errours.
Vi vary, n.f [vivarium, Lat.] A warren. Amfworth.
Vive. adj. [vif, Fr. v'nus, Latin.] Lively ; forcible; preffing.
By a vive and forcible perfwaflon, he mov’d him to a war
upon Flanders. Bacon.
Vi'vency. n.f. [vivo, T atin.J Manner of fupporting or con¬
tinuing life, or vegetation.
Although not in a diftinCt and indifputable way of vivency,
or anfwering in all points the property of plants, yet in in¬
ferior and defending conftitutions, they are determined by
feminalities. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
V/ves. n.f. A diftemper among horfes.
Vives is much like the ftrangies; and the chief difference
is, that for the moft part the ftrangies happen to colts and
young horfes'while they are at grafs, by feeding with their
heads downwards ; by which means the fwelling incline*
more to the jaws; but the vives happens to horfes at any
age and time, and is more particularly feated in the glands
and kernels under the ears. Farriers DVB
VFVID. adj. [vividus, Latin.]
I. Lively; quick; ftriking.
The liquor, retaining its former vivid colour, was grown
clear again. Boyle.
To make thefe experiments the more manifeft, fuch bodies
ought to be chofen as have the fulleft and moft vivid colours,
and two of thofe bodies compared together. Aewten.
Ah I what avail his glofly varying dyes ?
The vivid green his {hilling plumes unfold,
His painted wings, and breaft that flames with gold, jPope.
2. Spritely ;
V I z OMB
2. Spritcly i aftive.
Body is a fit workhoufe for fprightly, vivid faculties to excife and exert themfelves in. South.
Where the genius is bright, and the imagination vivid,
the power of memory may lofe its improvement. Watts.
VYvi'dly. adv. [from vivid.] With life; with quicknefs;
with ftrength.
In the moon we can with excellent telefcopes difeern many
hills and vallies, whereof fome are more, and fome lefs
vividly illuftrated and others have a fainter, others a deeper
1e‘r . , . ~ rr a. . B°y'e on Colours.
oenfitive objects afteft a man, in the {late of this prefent
life, much more warmly and vividly than thofe which afl'eft
only his nobler part, his mind. South.
Vividness, n. f [from vivid.] Life; vigour; quicknefs.
Vivi'fical. adj. [vivijicus, Lat.] Giving life. Bailey.
To VIYTFICATE. [vivifico, Lat ] *
1. To make alive ; to inform with life ; to animate.
2. "1 o recover from fuch a change of form as feems to deftroy
the efiential properties.
Vivifica tion. n. J. [vivification, Fr. from vivificate.J The
aft of giving life.
_ If that motion be in a certain order, there followeth vi¬
vification and figuration. Bacon.
Vivifick. adj. [vivifique, Fr. vivijicus, Latin] Giving life;
making alive.
Without the fun’s falutary and vivifick- beams, all motion
would ceafe, and nothing be left but darknefs and death. Ray.
To Vfvify. v. a. [vivifier, Fr. vivus and facio, Lat.] To
make alive ; to animate ; to endue with life.
It hath been obferved by the antients, that there is a
worm that breedeth in old fnow, of a reddilh colour, and
dull of motion ; which would {hew, that fnow hath in it a
fecret warmth, elfe it could hardly vivify. Bacon.
Sitting on eggs doth vivify, not nourifti. Bacon.
Gut-worms, as foon as vivified, creep into the ftomach
for nutriment. Harvey on Confumptions.
VivFparous. adj. [vivus and pario, Lat.] Bringing the young
alive ; oppofed to oviparous.
When we perceive that batts have teats, it is not unreafonable to infer, they give fuck ; but whereas no o:her flying
animals have thefe parts, we cannot from them infer a vivi¬
parous exclufion. Brozun’s Vulgar Errours.
Their fpecies might continue, though they had been vivi¬
parous ; yet it would have brought their individuals to very
fmall numbers. More’s Antidote againjl Atheifm.
If birds had been viviparous, the burthen of their womb
had been fo great and heavy, that their wings would have
failed them. Ray on the Creation.
VFxen. n.f.
Vixen or fixen is the name of a fhe-fox ; otherwife ap¬
plied to a woman whofe nature and condition is thereby com¬
pared to a (he fox. Verjlegan.
O ! when {he’s angry, {he’s keen and fhrewd ;
She was a vixen, when fhe went to fchool;
And though {he be but little, fhe is fierce. Shakefp.
See a pack of fpaniels, called lovers, in a hot purfuit of a
two-legg’d vixen, who only flies the whole loud pack, to be
fingled out by one. Wycherly.
Viz. n.f. [This word is videlicet, written with a contraftion.]
To wit; that is. A barbarous form of an unneceftary word.
That which fo oft by fundry writers
Has been apply’d t’almoft all fighters.
More juftly may b’aferib’d to this.
Than any other warrior, viz.
None ever afted both parts bolder.
Both of a chieftain and a foldier. Hudihras.
The chiefof all figns which the Almighty endued man with,
is humane voice, and the feveral modifications thereof by the
organs of fpeech, viz. the letters of the alphabet, form’d by
the feveral motions of the mouth. Holder.
Let this be done relatively, viz. one thing greater or
ftronger, calling the reft behind, and rendering it lefs fenhble
by its oppofition. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
Vi'zard. n. f. [vifiere, Fr. See Visor.] A mafk ufed for
difguife.
Let the fuits of the malkers be graceful, and fuch as be¬
come the perfon when the vizards are off. Bacon.
iEfchylus
Brought vizards in a civiler difguife. Rofcommon.
A lye is like a vizard, that may cover the face indeed,
but can never become it. South.
Ye {hall know them by their fruits, not by their well or ill
living ; for they put on the vizard of feeming fanftity. Atterb.
He miftook it for a very whimfical fort of mafk, but upon
a nearer view he found, that {lie held her vizard in her
hand. Addifon.
ToV/zard. v. a. [from the noun.] To mafk;.
Degree being vizarded,
Th’ unworthieft {hews as fairly in the malk. Shakefp.
Vi'zier. n.f. [properly Wazir.J The prime minifter of the
Turkifh empire.
He made him vizier, which is the chief of all the
bafla s. . f ( Rudies’s Hi/l. ofthe Turks.
This grand vizier prefuming to inveft J
The chief imperial city of the weft ;
With the firft charge compcll’d in hafte to rife
His treafure, tents and cannon left a prize. Waller.
UTCER. n.f. [ulcere, Fr. ulcus, Latin.] A fore of continu¬
ance ; not a new wound.
Thou anfwer’ft, fire is fair;
Pour’ll in the open ulcer of my heart
Her eyes, her hair, her cheek, her gait, her voice ! Shalefp.
My ulcers fwell.
Corrupt and fmell. Sandy’s Paraphrafe.
Inteftine ftone and ulcer, colick pangs. Milton.
While he was dreffing that opening, other abfeefles were
raifed, and from the feveral apoftemations finuous ulcers were
^ made. Wifeman’s Surgery.
To Ulcerate, v. a. [ulcerer, Fr. ulcero, Latin.] To difeafe
with fores.
Some depend upon the intemperament of the part ulcerated;
others upon the continual afflux of lacerative humours. Harvey.
An acrid and purulent matter mixeth with the blood, in
t iuch as have their lungs ulcerated. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Llcera/tion. n. f. [ulceration, Fr. ulceratio, from ulcero, Lat.]
1. The aft of breaking into ulcers.
2. Ulcer; fore.
The effects of mercury on ulcerations are manifefl. Arbuth„
Ul cerous. adj. [ulcerofus, Latin.] Afflifted with lores.
Strangely vifited people.
All fwoln and ulc’rous he cures. Shakefp. Macbeth.
An ulcerous difpofition of the lungs, and an ulcer of the
lungs, may be appofitely termed caufes of a pulmonique confumption. HarVey oh Confumptions.
U'lcerousness. n. f. [from ulcerous.] The ftate of bein.o- ul¬
cerous.
Ulcered, adj. [ulcere, Fr. from ulcer.] Grown by time from
a hurt to an ulcer.
-Tfculapius went about with a dog and a Ihe-goat; the
firft for licking ulcered wounds, and the goat’s milk for the
difeafes of the ftomach. Temple-.
Uli'ginous. adj. [uliginofus, Latin.] Slimy; muddy.
The uliginous lafteous matter taken notice of in the coral
fiftiings upon the coaft of Italy, was only a colleftion of the
TT/r° !? P^icles-. . Woodward.
U UlIMArE. adj. [ultimus, Latin.] Intended in the laft re¬
fort ; being the laft in the train of confequences.
I would be at the worft ; worft is my port.
My harbour, and my ultimate repofe. Milton.
Many aftions apt to procure fame, are not conducive to
this our ultimate happinefs. Addifon
The ultimate allotment of God to men, is really a coiifequence of their own voluntary choice, in doing good or
ev^‘ _ Rogers’s Sermons,
U ltimately. adv. [from ultimate.] In the laft confequencei
Charity is more extenfive than either of the two other
graces, which center ultimately in ourfelves ; for we believe,
and we hope for our own fakes : but love, which is a more
difinterefted principle, carries us out of ourfelves, into defires
and endeavours of promoting the interefts of other beinS®; A terbury.
1 rult in our own powers, ultimately terminates in the
friendfhip of other men, which thele advantages afture
to Uo. . Rogers’s Sermons.
Ulti mity. n.f. [ultimus, Latin.] The laft ftage; the laft:
confequence. A word very convenient, but not in ufe.
Alteration of one body into another, from crudity to perfeft concoftion, is the ultimity of that procefs. Bacon.
U ltramarine. n. f. [ultra and marinus, Latin.] One of
the nobleft blue colours ufed in painting, produced by calci¬
nation from the ftone called lapis lazuli. jp//
Others, notwithftanding they are brown, ceafe not to be
foft and faint, as the blue of ultramarine. Dryden.
U'ltr amarine, adj. [ultra marinus, Lat.] Being beyond
the fea ; foreign. Ain. worth
^LTRAMO NTANE. fldj, ^ultYQTTlOlltQlYly Fr. ultYQ TYlOJltCMUS)
Being beyond the mountains.
Ultramundane, adj. [ultra and mundus, Lat.] Beino- be¬
yond the world.
Ultro'neous. adj. [ultro, Lat.] Spontaneous; voluntary.
U'mbel. n.f. In botany, the extremity of a ftalk or branch
divided into feveral pedicles or rays, beginning from the fa re
point, and opening fo as to form an inverted cone. Dift.
Umbe'llated. adj. In botany, is faid of flowers when many
of them grow together in umbels. Da?
Umbelliferous, adj. [umbel arid fen, Lat] In botany!
being a plant that hears many flowers, growing upon many
footftalks, proceeding from the fame centre ; and chiefly
appropriated to fuch plants whofe flowers are compofed of five
leaves, as fennel and parfnip.
UfiMBER. n. f.
1. Umber is a fad colour; which grind with gum-water, and
lighten it with a little cerufe, and a {hive of faftrom Peacham.
29 H I’ll
4
U M P U N A
I’ll put myfelf in poor and mean attire-,
And with a kind of umber fmirch my face. Shakefpearc.
lltnbre is very fenfible and earthy ; there is nothing hut
pure black which can difpute with it. Dryden.
The u?nbresi ochres, and minerals found in thc^ fiffures,
are much finer than thofe found in the ftrata. IP oodward.
2. A fifth \tbymallus, Lat.] .
The timber^ and grayling differ as the herring and pucher
do : but though they may do fo in other nations, thofe in
England differ nothing but in their names. Walt. Angler.
EKmbered. adj. [from umber or umbra, Lat.] Shaded ;
clouded.
From camp to camp, through the foul womb oi night,
Fire anfwers fire ; and through their paly flames
Each battle fees the other’s umber d face. Shakefp. Hen V.
Umbi'lical. adj. [umbilicale, Fr. from umbilicus, Lat.] Be¬
longing to the navel.
Birds are nourifhed by umbilical veflels, and the navel is
manifeft a day or two after exclufion. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
In a calf, the umbilical veflels terminate in certain bodies
divided into a multitude of carneous papillae, received into
fo many fockets of the cotyledons growing on the womb. Ray.
Umbles. n. f. [umbles, Fr.] A deer’s entrails. Dift.
UMBO. n.f. [Latin.] The point, or prominent part of a
buckler.
Thy words together ty’d in finall hanks,
Clofe as the Macedonian phalanx ;
Or like the umbo of the Romans,
Which fierce!! foes could break by no means. Swift.
U'merage. n.f \_ombrage, Fr.]
1. Shade ; fkreen of trees ;
O, might I here
In folitude live favage ; in fome glade
Obfcur’d, where higheflc woods, impenetrable
To ftar, or fun-light, fpread their umbrage broad.
And brown as evening ! Miltons Par. Lojl.
Men fwelt’ring run
To grotts and caves, and the cool umbrage feek
Of woven arborets. Philips.
2. Shadow ; appearance.
The reft are umbrages quickly difpelled ; the aftrologer
fubjects liberty to the motions of heaven. Brarnb. againjl Hobbs.
The opinion carries no fhew of truth nor umbrage of reafon of its fide. JVoodward.
Such a removal of the metal out of one part of the mafs,
and colledting of it in another, has milled fome, and given
umbrage to an opinion, that there is a growth of metal in
ore expofed to the air. PPoodward on Foffils.
3. Refentment; offence ; fufpicion of injury.
Although he went on with the war, yet it fhould be but
with his fword in his hand, to bend the ftiffhels ol the other
party to accept of peace : and fo the king fhould take no
umbrage of his arming and profecution. Bacon.
UMBRAGEOUS, adj. [ombragieux, Fr.] Shady; yielding
Ihade.
Umbrageous grots and caves of cool recefs. Milton.
Walk daily in a pleafant, airy, and umbrageous garden. Harvey.
The ftealing Browser is fcarce to patter heard,
Beneath th’ umbrageous multitude of leaves. Tloomfon.
Umbr a'geousness. n.f. [from umbrageous ] Shadinefs.
The exceeding utnbrageoufnefs of this tree, he compareth
to the dark and lhadowed life of man ; through which the
fun of juftice being not able to pierce, we have all remained
in the lhadow of death, till it pleafed Chrift to climb the
tree of the crofs, for our enlight’ning and redemption. Raleigh.
Umbra/tile. adj. [umbratilis, Latin.] Being in the fhade.
Umbre'l. \n.J‘. [from umbra, Lat.] A fkreen ufed in hot
UmbrePla. S countries to keep off the fun, and in others
to bear oft' the rain.
I can carry your umbrella, and fan your ladyfhip. Drydcn.
Good houfewives
Defended by th’ umbrella's oily fhed.
Safe through the wet on clinking pattens tread. Gay.
Umbrie're. n.f. The vifor of the helmet. Spenfer.
Umbro'sity. n. f. [umbrofus, Lat.] Shadinefs; exclufion of
light.
Oiled paper becometh more tranfparent, and admits the
vifible rays with much lefs umbrofity. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
U'mPjRagE. n.f. [from umpire.] Arbitration; friendly decifion of a controverfy.
U'miire. n. f. [This word Minfhew, with great applaufe
from Skinner, derives from un pere, Fr. a father.] An arbi¬
trator ; one who, as a common friend, decides difputes.
Give me loine prefent counfel; or, behold,
’Twixt my extremes and me, this bloody knife
Shall play the umpire ; arbitrating that,
Which the cornmiflion of thy years and art
Could to no illue of true honour bring. Shakefp.
Juft death, kind umpire of men’s miferies.
With fweet enlargement doth difmils me hence. Shakefp.
The learned Sennfertus, in that book, takes hot upon him
to play the advocate for the chymifts, but the umpire betwixt
them and the peripateticks. Boyle.
'File vaft diftance that fin had put between the offending
*creature and the offended Creator, required the help of lome
creat umpire and interceffor, to open him a new way ofaccefs
to God ; and this Chrift did for us as mediator. South.
The jealous feds, that dare not truft their caufe
So far from their own will as from the laws,
You for their umpire and their fynod take. Dryden.
Un. A Saxon privative or negative particle anfwering to in of
the Latins, and a of the Greeks, <w, Dutch. It is placed
alraoft at will before adjechves and adverbs. All the inftances of this kind of compofition cannot therefore be inferted ; but I have colleded a number Sufficient, perhaps
more than fufficient, to explain it.
Unabashed, adj. [from abajked.] Not fham.ed ; not confufed
by modefty.
Earlefs on high, ftood unabajh’d Defoe,
And Tutchin flagrant from the fcourge below* Pope.
Milton.
UnaPle. adj. [from able.]
1. Not having ability.
The Amalekites fet on them, fuppofing that they had been
W'eary, and unable to refift. Raleigh s Hjl. of the JVmid.
Zeal moy’d thee:
To pleafe thy gods thou didft it; gods unable
T’ acquit themlelves, and profecute their foes.
The prince unable to conceal his pain.
Gaz’d on the fair.
And figh’d, and look’d, and figh’d again. Dryden.
I intended to put it in pradlice, though far unable for the
attempt of fuch a poem. Dryden.
. Man, under the difadvantages of a weak and fahen na¬
ture, was unable even to form an idea of happinefs worthy
his reafonable ambition. Regers's Sermons.
2. Weak ; impotent.
A love that makes breath poor, and fpeech unable ;
Beyond all manner of fo much I love you. ShakeJpeare.
UnabgPished. adj. [from abolijhed.] Not repealed ; remain¬
ing in force.
The number of needlcfs laws unabolifhed, doth weaken th$.
force of them that are neceffary. Hooker.
Unacceptable, adj. [from acceptable.] Not pleafing; not
fuch as is well received.
The marquis at that time was very unacceptable to his
countrymen. Clarendon.
Tis as indecent as unacceptable, and all men are willing to
flink out of fuch company, the fober for the hazards, and
jovial for the unpleafantnefs. Government of the 5 ongue.
Every method for deterring others from the like practices
for the future, mult be unacceptable and difpleaftng to the
friends of the guilty. Addifon's Freeholder.
If he fhrinks from an unacceptable duty, there is a fecret
referve of infidelity at the bottom. Rogers’s Sermons.
UnaccePtableness. n. f. [from unacceptable.] State of not
pleafing.
This alteration arifes from the unacceptablenefs of the fubjetSfc I am upon. Collier on Pride.
Unaccepted, adj. [from accepted.] Not accepted.
By turns put on the fuppliant, and the Lord
Offer’d again the unaccepted wreath,
And choice of happy love, or inftant death. Prior.
UnaccPssibleness. n.f. [from acceffiblenefs.] State of not
being to be attained or approached.
Many excellent things are in nature, which, by reafon of
the remotenefs from us, and unacceffiblenefs to them, are not
within any of our faculties to apprehend. Hale.
Unacco mmodated, adj. [from accommodated.] Unfurnilhed
with external convenience.
Unaccommodated man is no more than fuch a poor, bare,
forked animal as thou art. Shakefp.
Unacco'mpanied. adj. [from accompanied.] Not attended.
Seldom one accident, profperous or adverfe, cometh unacccompanied with the like. Hayward.
Unaccomplished, adj. [from accomplifhed.] Unfinifh’d; in¬
complete.
Beware of death, thou canft not die unperjur’d,
And leave an unaccotnplifh'd love behind.
Thy vows are mine. Dryden.
The gods difmay’d at his approach, withdrew.
Nor durft their unaccomplijh'd crime purfue. Dryden.
UnaccoPntable. adj. [from accountable.']
1. Not explicable ; not to be lolved by reafon; not reducible
to rule.
I ftiall note difficulties, which are not ufually obierved,
though unaccountable. , ‘anville.
The folly is fo unaccountable, that enemies pais upon us
for friend-. . . UEjtrmg'.
There has been an unaccountable difpofition 01 late, to retch
the fafhion from the French.
^ W hat
UNA
What is yet more unaccountable, would he complain of
their refilling his omnipotence. Rogers's Sermons.
The Chinefe are an unaccountable people, llrangely com¬
pounded of knowledge and ignorance. Baker's Reflect, on Learn.
The manner whereby the foul and body are united, zni
how they are diflinguifhed, is wholly unaccountable to us. Swift,
2.Not fubjeCt ; not controlled.
Unacco'untably. adv, Strangely.
The boy proved to be the fon ot the merchant, whofe heart
had fo unaccountably melted at the fight of him. Addijon.
UNA'CCTJRATE. adj. [from accu-ale.] Not exaCt.
Gallileo uling an unaccurate way, defined the air to be in
weight to water but as one to four hundred. Boyle.
Una'ccurateness. n. f. [from unaccurate.] Want of exact¬
ness.
It may be much more probably maintained than hitherto,
as againft the unaccuratenefs and unconcludingnefs of the ana¬
lytical experiments vulgarly to be relied on. Boyle.
Un accustomed, adj. [from accujlomed.]
1. Not ufed ; not habituated.
I waschaftifed as a bullock unaccuftomed to the yoke. jer. xxxi.
The necellity of air to the molt of animals unaccuftomed to
the want of it, may belt be judged of by the following expe- iments. Boyle.
2. New ; not ufual.
I’ll fend one to Mantua,
Where that fame banilh’d runagate doth live,
Shall give him luch an unaccujiom d dram.
That he lhall foon keep Tibalt company. Shakefp.
Their priftine worth
The Britons recollect, and gladly change
Sweet native home, for unaccujiom'd air. Philips.
An old word ought never to be fixed to an unaccuftomed
idea, without juft and evident neceffity. Watts's Logick.
Dnacknc/wledged. adj. [from acknowledge.'] Not owned.
The fear of what was to come from an unknown, at
leaft an unacknowledged fucceflbr to the crown, clouded much
of that profperity. Clarendon.
Unacqtja'intance. n.f [from acquaintance.^ Want of fami¬
liarity ; want of knowledge.
The firft is an utter unacquaintance with his mailer’s defigns, in thefe words; the fervant knoweth not what his
mailer doth. South.
Unacquainted, adj. [from acquainted.]
1. Not known ; unufual; not familiarly known.
She greatly grew amazed at the fight.
And th’ unacquainted light began to fear. Fairy Queen.
2. Not having familiar knowledge.
Feftus, an infidel, a Roman, one whofe ears were un¬
acquainted with fuch matter, heard him, but could not reach
unto that whereof he fpake. Hooker.
Where elfe
Shall I inform my unacquainted feet
In the blind mazes of this tangled world ? Milton.
Art thou a courtier,
Or I a king ? My ears are unacquainted
With fuch bold truths, efpecially from thee. Denham.
Youth, that with joys had unacquainted been,
Envy’d grey hairs, that once good days had feen. Dryden.
Let us live like thofe who expect to die, and then we fhall
find that we fear’d death only becaufe we were unacquainted
with it. Wake's Preparation for Death.
Una'ctive. adj. [from aClive.^
1. Not brifk ; not lively.
Silly people commend tame, unaCiive children, bccaufe
they make no noife, nor give them any trouble. Locke.
2. Having no employment.
Man hath his daily work of body, or mind.
Appointed, which declares his dignity;
While other animals unaCiive range,
And of their doin2s God takes no account. Milton.
3. Not bufy ; not diligent.
His life.
Private, unaCiive, calm, contemplative ;
Little fufpicious to any king. Paradije Regain'd.
• An homage which nature commands all underftandings to
pay to virtue; and yet it is but a faint, unaCiive thing ; for
in defiance of the judgment, the will may ftill remain as
much a ftranger to virtue as before. South's Sermons.
4. Having no efficacy.
In the fruitful earth
His beams, unaCiive elfe, their vigour find. Milton.
Una'ctuated. adj. Not actuated.
The peripatetick matter is a mere unatluated power. Glanv.
Unadmi red, adj. Not regarded with honour.
Oh ! had I rather unadmir'd remain’d.
In fome lone ifie, or diftant northern land ;
Where the gilt chariot never marks the way. Pope.
Unado/red. adj. Not worfhipped.
No*- was his name unheard, or unador'd
In antient Greece. Milton.
UNA
tlNADo'RNED. adj. Not decorated; not embellifhcd.
The earth, till then
’ Defert, and bare, unlightly, unadorn'd.
Brought forth the tender grafs. Milton's Par. Loft.
But hoary winter, unadorn'd and bare,
Dwells in the dire retreat; and freezes there. Addifon.
Unadve/nturous. adj. Not adventurous.
The wifeft, unexperienc’d, will be ever
Timorous and loth, with novice modefty,
Irrelblute, unhardy, unadvent'rous. Milton's Par. Regain'd.
Unadv/sed. adj.
1. Imprudent ; indiferefet.
Madam, I have unadvis'd
Deliver’d you a paper that I fhould not. Shakefp.
2. Done without due thought; rafh.
This contract to-night
Is too rafh, too unadvis'd, too fudden,
Too like the light’ning; which doth ceafe to be,
Ere one can fay, it lightens. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
1 hefe profperous proceedings were turned back by the unadvifed forwardnefs of divers chief counfellors, in making
hidden and unreafonable alterations. Playward.
Specihck conformities can be no uhadvifed productions ;
but are regulated by the immediate efficiency of lome knowm2 agent* Glanville.
Unadvisedly, adv. Imprudently; rafhly; indifcreetly.
A ftrange kind of fpeech unto chriftian ears ; and fuch,
as I hope they themfelves do acknowledge unadvifedly uttere(R < Hooker.
What man’s wit is there able to found the depth of thofe
dangerous and fearful evils, whereinto our weak and impo¬
tent nature is inclinable to hnk itfelf, rather than to fhew
an acknowledgment of error in that which once we have
unadvifedly taken upon us to defend, againft the ftream of a
contrary publick refolution. Hooker.
What is done cannot be now amended ;
Men fhall deal unadvifedly fometimes,
Which after-hours give leifure to repent of. Shakefp.
A word unadvijedly Ipoken on the one fide, or mifunderftood on the other, has raifed fuch an averhon to him, as in.
time has produced a perfect hatred of him. South.
Unadulterated, adj. Genuine; not fpoiled by fpurious
mixtures.
I have only difeovered one of thofe channels, by which
the hiftory of our Saviour might be conveyed pure and un¬
adulterated. Addifon on the Chriftian Religion«
UnaffeCted. n. f.
1. Real; not hypocritical.
They bore the king
To lie in folemn flate, a publick fight:
Groans, cries, and howlings fill the crouded place.
And unaffected forrow fat on ev’ry face. Dryden:
2. Free from affectation ; open ; candid ; fincere.
The maid improves her charms.
With inward greatnefs, unaffected wifdom.
And fan&ity of manners. Addifon's Cato:
Of foftefl manners, unaffected mind ;
Lover of peace, and friend of human kind. Pope’s Epijl.
3. Not formed by too rigid obfervation of rules; not la¬
boured.
Men divinely taught, and better teaching
The folid rules of civil government.
In their majeftic, unaffected ftile.
Than all the oratory of Greece and Rome, Milton.
4. Not moved ; not touched.
Unaffectedly, adv. Really; without any attemptto pro¬
duce falfe appearances.
He was always unaffectedly cheerful; no marks of any
thing heavy at his heart broke from him. Locke.
UnaffeCting. adj. Not pathetick ; not moving the paffions.
UnaffliCted. adj. Free from trouble.
My unaffliCted mind doth feed
On no unholy thoughts for benefit. Daniel’s Mufophilus.
Unagree'able. adj. Inconfiftent; unfuitable.
Advent’rous work ! yet to thy pow’r and mine’
Not unagreeable, to found a path
Over this main, from hell to that new world. Milton.
Unagree'ableness. n f. Unfuitablenefs to; inconfiftency with.
Papias, a holy man, and fcholar of St. John, having de¬
livered the milennium, men chofe rather to admit a doCtrine,
whofe unagreeablenefs to the gofpel oeconomy rendered it
fufpicious, than think an apoltolick man could feduce
them. Decay of Piety.
Unai'dable. adj. Not to be helped.
The congregated college have concluded.
That labouring art can never ranfom nature
From her unaidable eftate. Shakefpearc,
Unai'ded. adj. Not affifted ; not helped.
Their number, counting thofe th’ unaided eye
Can fee, or by invented tubes defery,
i he wideft ftretch of human thought exceeds. Blackmore.
yrfK'lMIHG.
UNA UNA
Unai'miKC. adj. Having no particular diredlion.
The noify culverin, o’ercharg’d, lets fly.
And burfts, maiming, in the rended fky:
Such frantick flights are like a madman’s dream,
And nature fuffers in the wild extreme. Granville.
Una'king adj. Not feeling or cauflng pain.
Shew them th’ making fears which I would hide,
As if I had received them for the hire
Ot their breath only. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Una'lienable. adj. Not to be transferred.
Hereditary right fhould be kept facred, not from any un¬
alienable right in a particular family, but to avoid the confequences thatufually attend the ambition of competitors. Swift.
Unalla'yed. adj. Not impaired by bad mixtures.
TJnallayed fatisfactions are joys too heavenly to fall to
many men’s fhares on earth. ‘ Boyle.
Unalli'ed. adj.
1. Having no powerful relation.
2. Having no common nature ; not congenial.
He is compounded of two very different ingredients,
fpirit and matter ; but how fuch unallied and difproportioned
fubftances fhould adt upon each other, no man’s learning
yet could tell him. Collier on Pride.
Unalterable, adj. Unchangeable; immutable.
The law of nature, confiding in a fixed, unalterable rela¬
tion of one nature to another, is indifpenfable. South.
They fixt unalterable laws,
Settling the lame effedt on the fame caufe. Creech.
The truly upright man is inflexible in his uprightnefs,
and unalterable in his purpofe. Atterbury.
Una'lterableness. n. f. Immutability; unchangeablenefs.
This happens from the unaltcrablcnefs of the corpulcles,
which conftitute and compofe thofe bodies. Woodward.
Unalterably, adv. Unchangeably; immutably.
Retain unalterably firm his love intire. Milton s Par. Lojl.
The day and year are ftandard meafures, becaufe they are
unalterably conftituted by thofe motions. Holder on Time.
UnaLtered. adj. Not changed; not changeable.
It was thought in him an unpardonable offence to alter
any thing ; in us intolerable that we fuffer any thing to re¬
main unaltered. Hooker.
To whom our Saviour, with unalter'd brow ;
Thy coming hither, though I know thy fcope,
I bid not, or forbid. Paradife Regain’d.
To fhew the truth of my maltedd breaft,
Know that your life was giv’n at my requeft. Dryden.
Since thefe forms begin, and have their end.
On fome unalter d caufe they fure depend. Dryden.
Grains and nuts pafsoften through animals unalter'd. Arbuth.
Amongft the fhells that were fair, unaltered, and free from
fuch mineral infinuations, there were fome which could not
be match’d by any fpecies of fhell-fifh now found upon the
fea fhores. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
UnamaNed. adj. Not aftoniflied ; free from aftonifhment.
Though at the voice much marvelling; at length
Not unamaz'd, fhe thus in anfwer fpake. Milton.
Unambitious. adj. Free from ambition.
My humble mufe, in unambitious drains,
Paints the green foreds, and the flow’ry plains. Pope.
I am one of thofe unambitious people, who will love you
forty years hence. Pope.
UnameNdable. adj. ['inemendabilis, Lat.] Not to be changed
for the better.
He is the fame man ; fo is every one here that you know :
mankind is unamendable. Pope to Swift.
Una'miable. adj. Not raifing love.
Thofe who reprefent religion in an unamiable light, are
like the fpies fent by Mofes, to make a difeovery of the land
of promile, when, by their reports, they difeouraged the
people from entering upon it. Addijon s Spectator.
Thefe men are fo well acquainted with the unamiable part
of themfclves, that they have not the confidence to think
they are really beloved. Addifon's Spectator,
Nor are the hills unamiable, whofe tops
To heav’n afpire. Philips.
Unanaly'sed. adj. Not refolved into fimple parts.
Some large cryftals of refined and unanalyfed nitre, ap¬
peared to have each of them fix flat fides. Boyle.
Una'nchored. adj. Not anchored.
A port there is, inclos’d on either fide.
Where fhips may reft, unanchor d, and unty’d. Pope.
UnaneLed. adj. [un and knell.'] Without the bell rung.
This fenfe I doubt.
I hus was I, deeping, by a brother’s hand
Cut off cv’n in the blofloms of my fin,
Unhoufel’d, unanointed, unanel'd. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Una'nimated. adj. Not enlivened ; not vivified.
Look on thofe half lines as the imperfect produdfs of a
hafty mufe : like the frogs in the Nile, part kindled into life,
and part a lump of uninformed, unanimated matter. Dryden.
Unanimity. n.J. [unammitejr r.] Agreementindefign or opinion.
9
An honeft party of men adling with unanimity, are of
infinitely greater confequence, than the fame party aiming
at the fame end by different views. Addijon
UNANIMOUS, adj. [,unanhne, Fr. unanimis, Lat J Being of
one mind ; agreeing in defign or opinion.
They wont to meet
So oft in feftivals of joy, and love
Unanimous, as fons of one great fire,
Hymning th’ eternal father. Milton's Par. Left.
With thofe which Minio’s fields and Phyrgi gave,
All bred in arms, unanimous and brave. Dryden.
Unanimously, adv. [from unanimous.] With one mind.
This particular is unanimoufy reported by all the antient
chriftian authors. Addijon on the Chrijlian Religion.
Unano'Tnted. adj.
1. Not anointed.
2. Not prepared for death by extreme undlion.
Thus was I, deeping, by a brother’s hand
Cut oft ev’n in the blofloms of my fin,
Unhoufel’d, unanointed, unanel’d. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Unanswerable, adj. Not to be refuted.
This is a manifeft and unanfwerable argument. Raleigh.
I fhall not conclude it falfe, though I think the emergent
difficulties, which are its attendants, unanfwerable. Glanville.
The pye’s queftion was wifely let fall without a reply, to
intimate that it was unanfiverable. L'Ejirange.
Thefe (peculations are ftrong intimations, not only of the
excellency of a human foul, but of its independence on the
body; and if they do not prove, do at leaft confirm, thefe
two great points, which are eftablifhed by many other reafons that are unanfwerable. Addijon's Spectator.
As to the excule drawn from the demands of creditors, if
it be real, it is unanfiverable. Atterbury’s Sermons.
Unanswerably, adv. Beyond confutation.
It will put their little logick hard to it, to prove, that
there can be any obedience, where there is no command.
And therefore it unanjwerably follows, that the abettors of
the forementioned principle plead confcience in a diredt and
bare-faced contradiction to God’s exprefs command. South.
Unanswered, adj.
i.
Milton’s Par. Loft.
Addijon.
Not oppofed by a reply.
Unanfwer’d left thou boaft.
Muft I tamely bear
This arrogance unanfwer’d! Thou’rt a traitor.
2. Not confuted.
All thefe reafons, they fay, have been brought, and were
hitherto never anfwer’d ; befldes a number of merriments
and jefts unanfwerd likewife. Hooker.
3. Not fuitably returned.
Quench, Corydon, thy long unanfwer'd fire ;
Mind what the common wants of life require. Dryden•
Unappa'lled. adj. Not daunted ; not imprefs’d by fear.
If my memory muft thus be thralled
To that ftrange ftroke, which conquered all my fenfes ;
Can thoughts ftill thinking fo reft unappalled? Sidney.
Infernal ghofts
Environ’d thee ; fome howl’d, fome yell’d, fome fhriek’d j
Some bent at thee their fiery darts ; while thou
Sat’ft unappall'd in calm and finlefs peace. Milton.
As a lion, unappall'd with fear.
Springs on the toils, and rufhes on the fpear. Dryden.
Does'this appear like guilt ? When thus ferene.
With eyes eredt, and vifage unappall'd,
Fixt on that awful face, I ftand the charge ;
Amaz’d, not fearing. Smith's Phccd. and Hypolitus.
UnappaLrelled. adj. Not dreffed ; not cloathed.
In Peru, though they were an unapparelled people, and
had fome cufloms very barbarous, yet the government of
the Incas had many parts of civilty. Bacon's Holy Wars.
Till our fouls be unapparelled
Of bodies, they from blifs are baniflhed.
Unappa'rent. adj. Obfcure ; not vifible.
Thy potent voice he hears.
And longer will delay to hear thee tell
His generation, and the rifing birth
Of nature, from the unapparent deep.
Unappea'sable. adj. Not to be pacified ; implacable.
The unappeafable rage of Hildebrand and his fucceflors,
never left perlecuting him, by raifing one rebellion upon
another. Raleigh's EjJ'ays,
I fee thou art implacable ; more deaf
To pray’rs than winds to feas; yet winds to Teas
Are reconcil’d at length, and feas to fhore.
Thy anger, unappeafable, ftill rages,
Eternal tempeft never to be calm’d.
Unappe'ased. adj. Not pacified.
Sacrifice his flelh.
That fo the fhadows be not unappeas'd.
His fon forgot, his emprefs unappeas'd;
How foon the tyrant with new love is feiz’d.
Donne.
Milton.
Milton..
Shakefp.
Dryden•
Unappli-
UNA UNA
Una'ppllicablf.. adj. [from apply.] Such as cannot be applied.
Gratitude, by being confined to the few, has a very nar¬
row province to work on, being acknowledged to be unapp!icable, and fo confequently inefte&ual to all others. Hammond.
T heir beloved earl of Manchefter appeared now as tinapplicable to their purpofes as the other. Clarendon.
The fingling out, and laying in order thofe intermediate
ideas, that demonftratively fhew the equality or inequality of
inapplicable quantities, has produced difeoveries. Locke.
Unapprehe'nded. adj. Not underftood.
T hey of whom God is altogether unappyehended, are but
few in number, and for grofsnefs of wit fuch, that they
hardly feem to hold the place of human being. Hooker.
Unapprehensive, adj. [from apprehend.]
1. Not intelligent; not ready of conception.
The fame temper of mind makes a man unapprehenfive and
infenfible of any mifery differed by others. South.
2. Not fufpe&ing.
Unapproa'ched. adj. Inacceflible.
God is light,
And never but in unapproached light
Dwelt from eternity. Milton's Par. Lojl.
UnapproVed. adj. [from approve.] Not approved.
Evil into the mind
May come and go fo unapprov'cl, and leave
No (pot behind. Milton.
UNA'PT. adj. [from apt.]
1. Dull ; not apprehenfive.
2. Not ready; not propenfe.
I am a foldier, and unapt to weep. Shakefp.
My blood hath been too cold and temperate,
Unapt to dir at thefe indignities. Shakefpeare.
3. Unfit; not qualified.
Fear doth grow from an apprehenfion of deity indued with
irrefiflible power to hurt; and is, of all affections (anger ex¬
cepted) the unaptejl to admit any conference with reafon. Hooker.
A longing after fenfual pleafures is a diffolution of the
fpirit of a man, and makes it loofe, foft and wandering,
unapt for noble, wife, or fpiritual employments. Taylor.
4. Improper ; unfit; undatable.
Una'ptly. adv. [from unapt.] Unfitly; improperly.
He fwims on his back; and the fhape of his back feems
to favour it, being very like the bottom of a boat: nor do
his hinder legs unaptly refemble a pair of oars. Grew.
Una'ptness. n. f. [from unapt.]
1. Unfitnefs; unfuitablenefs.
Men’s apparel is commonly made according to their con¬
ditions ; and their conditions are often governed by their gar¬
ments : for the perfon that is gowned, is by his gown put in
mind of gravity, and alfo reftrained from lightnefs by the very
unaptnej's of his weed. Spenfer.
2. Dulnefs ; want of apprehenfion.
That unaptnefs made you minider
Thus to excufe yourfelf. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
3. Unreadinefs ; difqualification ; want of propenfion.
The mind, by being engaged in a talk beyond its ftrength,
like the body, drained by lifting at a weight too heavy, has
often its force broken, and thereby gets an unaptnefs, or
an averfion to any vigorous attempt ever after. Locke.
Una'rgued.adj. [from argue,]
1. Not difputed.
What thou bid’d.
Unargu'd I obey; fo God ordains. Milton's Par. Lojl.
2. Not cenfured.
Not that his work liv’d in the hands of foes,
Unargu’d then, and yet hath fame from thofe. B. Johnfon.
To Unarm, v. a. [from arm.] To difarm; to drip of ar¬
mour ; to deprive of arms.
Unarm, unarm, and do not fight to-day. Shakefp.
Unarm me, Eros ; the long day’s talk is done,
And we mud deep. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Galen would not leave unto the world too fubtle a theory
of poifons ; unarming thereby the malice of venemous
fpirits. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Una'rmed. adj. [from unarm.] Having no armour; having no
weapons.
On the wedern coad
Rideth a puiflant navy : To our fhores
Throng many doubtful, hollow-hearted friends.
Unarm'd, and unrefolv’d to beat them back.
He all unarm'd
Shall chafe thee with the terror of his voice
From thy demoniack holds, poffeflion foul;
Thee and thy legions, yelling they fhall fly,
• And beg to hide them in a herd of fwine.
Though unarm'd I am.
Here, without my fword or pointed lance,
Hope not, bafe man, unquedion’d hence to go.
Whereas mod other creatures are furnifhed with
for their defence ; man is born altogether unarmed.
Unarra'igned. adj. Not brought to a trial.
Shakefp.
Milton.
Dryden.
weapons
Grew.
As lawful lord, and king by jufl defeent
Should here be judg’d, unheard, and unarraign'd. Daniel.
Unarra'yed. adj. Not drefled.
As if this infant world yet unarray'd.
Naked and bare, in nature’s lap were laid.
Half unarray d, he ran to his relief.
So hady and fo artlefs was his griei.
Una'rtful. adj.
1. Having no art, or cunning.
A chearful fwcetneis in his looks he has,
And innocence unartj'ul in his face. Dryden's Juvenal.
2. Wanting flcill.
How unartful would it have been to have fet him in a
corner, when he was to have given light and warmth to all
the bodies round him ? Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
Una^rtfully, adv. In an unartful manner.
In the report, although it be not unartjully drawn, and is
perfectly in the fpirit of a pleader, there is no great fkill re¬
quired to doted the many midakes. Swift's Mifcellany.
Unartifi'cially. adv. Contrarily to art.
Not a feather is unartifcially made, mifplaced, redundant,
or defective. Derharns Phyfico-Theology.
Una'sked. adj. Not fought by felicitation.
With what eagernefs, what circumdance
Unask'd, thou talc’d fuch pains to tell me only
My Ton’s the better man. Denham's Sophy.
The bearded corn enfu’d
From earth unajk'd, nor was that earth renew’d. Dryden,
How, or why
Shou’d all confpire to cheat us with a lye ?
Unajk'd their pains, ungrateful their advice;
Starving their gain, and martyrdom their price. Dryden.
Unaspi'ring. adj. Not ambitious.
To be moded and unafpiring, in honour preferring one
another. Rogers.
UnassaTled. adj. Not attacked ; not aflaulted.
As I intend, Clifford, to thrive to-day.
It grieves my foul to leave thee unaJJ'ail'd. Shakefpeare.
I believe
That he, the fupreme good, t’ whom all things ill
Are but as flavifh officers of vengeance.
Would fend a glid’ring guardian, if need were.
To keep my life and honour unajfail'd. Milton's Comus;
Unassailable, adj. Exempt from aflault.
In the number, I do but know one.
That unavailable holds on his rank,
Unfhak’d of motion. Shakefp. Julius Cafar.
Unassa'yed. adj. Unattempted.
What is faith, love, virtue unaffay'd
Alone, without exterior help ludain’d. Milton.
Unassi'sted. adj. Not helped.
Its victories were the vi&ories of reafon, unajjijled by the
force of human power, and as gentle as the triumphs of
light over darknefs. Addifon's Freeholder.
What unajfiftcd reafon could not difeover, that God has fet
clearly before us in the revelation of the gofpel : a felicity
equal to our mod enlarged defires ; a date of immortal and
unchangeable glory. Rogers's Sermons.
Unassi'sting. adj. Giving no help.
With thefe I went, a brother of the war j
Nor idle dood, with unajfifing hands.
When favage beads, and men’s more favage bands.
Their virtuous toil fubdu’d : yet thefe I fway’d. Dryden.
Unassu'ming. adj. Not arrogant.
UnaJJ'uming worth in fecret liv’d.
And died negle&ed. Themfon's Winter.
Unassu'red. adj.
1. Not confident.
The enfuing treatife, with a timorous and unajfured coun¬
tenance, adventures into your pretence. Glanville.
2. Not to be truded.
The doubts and dangers, the delays and woes ;
The feigned friends, the unajfured foes.
Do make a lover’s life a wretch’s hell. Spenfer.
Unattainable, adj. Not to be gained or obtained; being
out of reach.
Praife and prayer are God’s due worfhip; which are unattain¬
able by our difeourfe, fimply confidered, withoutthe benefit of
divine revelation. Dryden's Religio Laid.
I do not exped that men fhould be perfectly kept from
error; that is more than human nature can, by any means,
be advanced to : I aim at no fuch unattainable privilege; I
only fpeak of what they fhould do. Lockes
UnattaTnableness. n. J'. State of being out of reach.
Defire is dopped by the opinion of the impoflibility, or unattainablenejs of the good propoled. Locke.
Unattempted, adj. Untried ; not aflayed.
He left no means unattempted of deftroying his fon. Sidney,
Not that I have the power to clutch my hand,
When his fair angels would falute my palm;
But that my hand, as unattempted yet,
Like a poor beggar, raileth on the rich. Shakefp.
29 I It
Dryden.
Dryden.
UNA U N B
J
It purfues
Things unattempted yet in profc or rhyme. Milton.
Leave nothing unattempted to deftroy
That perjur’d race. Denham.
Shall we be difcouraged from any attempt of doing good,
by the poflibility of our failing in it ? How many of the beft
things would, atthis rate, have been left unattempted ? Atterh.
Unattended, adj. Having no retinue, or attendants.
Your conftancy
Hath left you unattended. Shakefp. Macbeth.
With goddefs-like demeanor forth fhe went.
Not unattended. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
Such unattended generals can never make a revolution in
Parnafl'us. Dryden.
Unatte'nding. adj. Not attending.
Ill is loft that praife.
That is addrefs’d to unattending ears. Milton.
Ev’ry nymph of the flood, her trefles rending,
Throws off her armlet of pearl in the main ;
Neptune in anguifh his charge unattending,
Veffels are found’ring, and vows are in vain; Dryden.
Unatte'ntive. adj. Not regarding.
Man’s nature is fo unattentive to good, that there can fcarce
be too many monitors. Government ofthe Tongue.
Such things are not accompanied with fhow, and there¬
fore feldom draw the eyes of the unattentive. Tatler, N\ 55.
UnattoNed. adj. Not expiated..
Could you afford him fuch a bribe as that,
A brother’s blood yet unatton d? Rowe.
Unavailable, adj. Ufelefs; vain with refpeft to any purpofe.
When we have endeavoured to find out the ftrongeft
caufes, wherefore they fhould imagine that reading is fo un¬
available^ the moft we can learn is, that fermons are the or¬
dinance of God, the fcriptures dark, and the labour of read¬
ing eafy. Hooker.
Unavailing, adj. Ufelefs; vain.
Since my inevitable death you know,
You fafely unavailing pity fhow :
Tis popular to mourn a dying foe. Dryden's Aurengzebe.
Supine he tumbles on the crimfon fands.
Before his helplefs friends and native bands,
And fpreads for aid his unavailing hands. Pope.
Unavoidable, adj.
1. Inevitable; not to be fhunned.
Oppreflion on one fide, and ambition on the other, are
the unavoidable occafions of war. Dryden.
It is unavoidable to all, to have opinions, without certain
proofs of their truth. Locke.
Single adfs of tranfgreflion will, through weaknefs and
furprize, be unavoidable to the beft guarded. Rogers.
The merits of Chrift will make up the unavoidable defi¬
ciencies of our lervice; will prevail for pardon to our fincere
repentance. Rogers.
All fentiments of worldly grandeur vanifli at that unavoid¬
able moment, which decides the deftiny of men. ClariJJa.
2. Not to be miffed in ratiocination.
That fomething is of itfelf, is felf-evident, becaufe we fee
things are; and the things that we fee muft either have had
fome firft caufe of their being, or have been always, and of
themfelves : one of them is unavoidable. Tillotfon.
I think it unavoidable for every rational creature, that will
examine his own or any other exiftence, to have the notion
of an eternal, wife being, who had no beginning. Locke.
Unavoi'dableness. n.f. Inevitability.
How can we conceive it fubjetft to material impreflions l
and yet the importunity of pain, and unavoidablenefs of fenfations, ftrongly perfuade that we are fo. Glanville.
Unavoidably, adv. Inevitably.
The moft perfect adminiftration muft unavoidably produce
oppofition from multitudes who are made happy by it. Addifon.
Unavo'ided. adj. Inevitable.
We fee the very wreck that we muft fuffer 5
And unavoided is the danger now. Shakefp.
Rare poems afk rare friends ;
Yet fatyrs, fince the moft of mankind be
Their unavoided fubjedt, feweft fee. B. Johnfen.
Unauthorised, adj. Not fupported by authority ; not pro¬
perly commiflioned.
To kifs in private ?
An unauthorized kifs. Shakefpeare's Othello.
It is for you to ravage feas and land.
Unauthoriz’d by my fupreme command. Dryden,
Unawa're. \
Unawa'res. J adv'
tfrom aware> or wa7l-J
I# Without thought; without previous meditation.
It is my father’s face.
Whom, in this conflict, I unawares have kill’d. Shakefp.
Firm we fubfift; yet poflible to fwerve,
And fall into deception unaware. Milton,
A pleafant beverage he prepar’d before,
Of wine and honey mix’d ; with added ftore
Of opium : to his keeper this he brought,
Who fwallow’d unawares the fleepy draught.
And fnor’d fecure. Dryden.
1 is a fenfation like that of a limb lopp’d off; one is trying
every minute unawares to ufe it, and finds it is not. Pope.
2. Unexpectedly ; when it is not thought of; fuddenly.
Take heed left you fall unawares into that inconvenience
you formerly found fault with. Spenfer.
Left deftrudtion come upon him zt. unawares, and let his net
that he hath hid, catch himfelf. Pfalm xxxvi. 8.
My hand, unawares to me, was, by the force of that
endeavour it juft before employed to fuftain the fallen weight,
carried up with fuch violence, that I bruifed it. Boyle.
He breaks at unawares upon our walks.
And, like a midnight wolf, invades the fold. Dryden.
Though we live never fo long, we are ftill furprized : we
put the evil day far from us, and then it catches us unawares,
and we tremble at the profpedh IVake.
Una'wed. adj. Unreftrained by fear or reverence.
The raging and fanatic diftemper of the houfe of com¬
mons muft be attributed to the want of fuch good minifters
of the crown, as, being unawed by any guilt of their own,
could have watched other mens. Clarendon.
Unforc’d by punifhment, unaiv'd by fear.
His words were Ample, and his foul fincere. Dryden.
UnbaLked. adj.
1. Not tamed ; not taught to bear the rider.
Then 1 beat rr>y tabor ;
At which, like unback'd colts, they prick’d their ears.
Advanc’d their eyelids, lifted up their nofes.
As they fmelt mufick. Shakefp. Tempeji.
A well wayed horfe will fafely convey thee to thy journey’s
end, when an unbacked filly may give thee a fall. Suckling.
They flinch like unback'd fillies. Dennis's Letters.
2. Not countenanced ; not aided.
Let the weight of thine own infamy
Fall on thee unfupported, and unback'd. Daniel's CivilJVar.
Unbalanced, adj. Not poifed ; not in equipoife.
Let earth unbalanc'd from her orbit fly.
Planets and funs run lawlefs through the fky. Pope.
UnbaLlasted. adj. Not kept fteady by ballaft ; unfteady.
They having but newly left thofe grammatick flats, where
they ftuck unreafonably, to learn a few words with lamen¬
table conftru&ion ; and now on the fudden tranfported under
another climate, to be toft and turmoiled with their unballafted
wits, in fathomlefs and unquiet deeps of controverfy, do,
for the moft part, grow into hatred of learning. Milton.
As at fea th’ unballajl veflel rides,
Caft to and fro, the fport of winds and tides :
So in the bounding chariot tofs’d on high.
The youth is hurry’d headlong through the fky. Addifon.
Unb'anded. adj. [from band.] Wanting a firing, or band.
Your hofe fhould be ungarter’d, your bonnet unbonded,
and every thing demonftrating a carelefs defolation. Shakefp.
To Unb'ar. v. a. [from bar.] To open, by removing the
bars ; to unbolt.
’Tis not fecure, this place or that to guard,
If any other entrance ftand unbarr'd. Denham.
Thefe rites the king refus’d.
Deaf to their cries; nor would the gates unbar
Of facred peace, or loofe th’ imprifon’d war. Dryden.
Unba'rbed. adj. \barba, Lat.J Not fhaven. Out of ufe.
Muft I go fhew them my unbarbed fconce ?
Muft my bafe tongue give to my noble heart
A lie ? Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Unba'rked. adj. [from bark.] Decorticated ; ftripped of the
bark.
A branch of a tree, unbarked fome fpace at the bottom,
and fo fet in the ground, hath grown. Bacon.
Unba'shful. adj. Impudent; fhamelefs.
Nor did I with unbajhful forehead wooe
The means of weaknefs and debility. Shakefpeare.
Unba'ted. adj. [from bate.] Not repreffed ; not blunted.
Where is the horfe, that doth untread again
His tedious meafures with th’ unbated fire
That he did pace them firft ? Shakefp. Merch. ofVenice.
Unba'thed. adj. [from bath.] Not wet.
Fierce Pafimond, their paffage to prevent, 1
Thruft full on Cymon’s back in his defeent; >
The blade return’d unbath'd, and to the handle bent. Dryd. J
Unba'ttered. adj. Not injured by blows.
I cannot ftrike at wretched kernes, vvhofe arms
Are hir’d to bear their ftaves : or thou, Macbeth ;
Or elfe my fword, with an unbatter'd edge,
I fheath again undeeded. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
UnbeaNing. adj. Bringing no fruit.
Does
U N B V N B
He with his pruning hook disjoins
TJnbearing branches from their head.
And grafts more happy in their ftcad. Dryden.
To Unba'y. v. a. To fet open ; to free from the reftraint of
mounds.
I ought now to loofe the reins of my affedlions, to unlay
the current of my paflion, and love on without boundary or
meafure. Norris's Mifcellany,
Unbeaten*, adj.
1. Not treated with blows.
His mare was truer than his chronicle •
For fhe had rode five miles unfpurr’d, unbeaten,
And then at laft turn d tail towards Neweaton. Bp. Corbet.
2. Not trodden.
We muft (.read unbeaten paths, and make a way where we
do not find one ; but it {hall be always with a light in our
hand. Bacon.
Ifyour bold mufe dare tread unbeaten paths. Rofconmion.
Virtue, to crov/n her fav’rites, loves to try
Some new, unbeaten pafiage to the fky. Swift.
Unbecoming, adj. Indecent; unfuitable; indecorous.
Here’s our chief gueft.-
-If he had been forgotten,
It had been as a gap in our great feaft,
And all things unbecoming. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
No thought of flight.
None of retreat, no unbecoming deed
That argu’d fear. Milton's Par. Lojl.
I fliould rather believe that the nofe was the feat of
wrath in beafts than in mankind ; and that it was unbecoming
of any but Pan, who had very much of the bead in him,
to wrinkle up his nofe in anger. Dryden.
My grief lets unbecoming fpeeches fall :
I fhould have dy’d, and not complain’d at all. Dryden.
This petulancy in converfation prevails among feme of
that lex, where it appears the moIf unbecoming and un¬
natural. Addijon's Freeholder.
Men of wit, learning, and virtue, might ftrike out every
offenfive or unbecoming paflage from plays. Swift.
Such proceed upon debateswithout warmth. Swift.
Unbeco/mingn£ss. n. f. Indecency; indecorum.
If words are fometimes to be ufed, they ought to be grave,
kind and fober, reprefenting the ill or iinbecomingnefs of the
fault. Locke.
To Unbe'd. v. a. To raife from a bed.
Eels unbed themfelves, and dir at the noife of thunWalton's Angler.
Unbefi'tting. adj. Not becoming; not fuitable.
Love is full of unbefitting drains.
All wanton as a child, {kipping in vain. Shakefp.
Far be it that I {hould write thee fin, or blame !
Or think thee unbefitting holied place. Milton.
He might feveral times have made peace with his difeontented fubjedls upon terms not at all unbefitting his dignity or
intered; but he rather chofe to facrifice the whole alliance
to his private paflion. Swift.
To Unbege't. v. n. To deprive of exidence.
WiOies each minute he could unbeget
Thofe rebel fons, who dare t’ ufurp his feat. Dryden.
UnBEGo't. 1 j- re / -i
Unbeci/tten. [from
1. Eternal; without generation.
Why fhould he attribute the fame honour to matter,
which is fubjedt to corruption, as to the eternal, unbegotten,
and immutable God ? Stillingfleet.
2. Not yet generated.
Gcd omnipotent, mud’ring
Armies of pedilence ; and they fhall drike
Your children yet unborn, and unbegot. , Shakefp.
In thy pow’r
It lies yet, ere conception, to prevent
The race unbleft, to being yet unbegot. Milton's Par. Loft.
Where a child finds his own parents his perverters, better
were it for him to have been unborn and unbegoty than afk a
blefling of thofe whole converfation breathes nothing but a
curie. South's Sermons.
To Unbegui'le. v. a. To undeceive; to fet free from the
influence of ary d.ceit.
Then unbeguile thyfelf, and know with me.
That angels, though on earth employ’d they be,
Are dill in heav’n. Donne.
Their comelinefs unbeguiled the vulgar of the odd opinion
the loyalids had formerly infufed into them, by their concionatory inveedives. Howel's Vocal Forejl.
UnbeheTd. adj. Unfeen ; not difcoverable to the fight.
Thefe then, though unbeheld in deep of night,
Shine not in vain. Milton.
Unbeli'ef. n.f
i. Incredulity.
’Tis not vain or fabulous,
Whatthe fage poets, taught by th’ heav’nly mufe.
Storied of old in high immortal verfe.
Of dire chimasra’s, and enchanted ifl«Sj
And rifted rocks, whofe entrance leads to hell»
For fuch there be, but unbeliefis blind. Milton.
I’m juftly plagu’d by this your unbelief
And am myfelf the caufe of my own grief. Dryden.
Such an univerfal acquaintance with things will keep you
from an excefs of credulity and unbelief; i. e. a readinefs to
believe, or to deny every thing at firft hearing. IVatts.
2. Infidelity; irreligion.
Where profcls’d unbeliefis, there can he no vifib!e church
of Chrift; there may be where found belief wanteth. Hooker.
ToUNBELIEVE. V.a.
•i. To difcredit; not to truft.
Heav’n fhield your grace from woe.
As I, thus wrong’d, hence unbelieved go. Shakefp.
So great a prince and favourite fo fuddenly metamorphofed
into travellers with no greater train, was enough to make
any man unbelieve his five fenfes. Wotton's Buckingham.
2. Not to think real or true.
Nor lefs than fight and hearing could convince.
Of fuch an unforefeen and unbeliev’d offence. ‘ Dryden.
Unbelje'ver. n. f An infidel; one who believes not the
feripture of God.
The antient fathers being often contained to fhew, what
warrant they had fo much to rely upon the feriptures, endea¬
voured {fill to maintain the authority of the books of God,
by arguments fuch as unbelievers themfelves muft needs think
reafonable, if they judged thereof as they fhould. Hooker.
What endlefs war wou’d jealous nations tear.
If none above did witnefs what they fwear?
Sad fate of unbelievers, and yet juft,
Among themfelves to find fo little truft. Waller.
In the new teftament, religion is ufirally exprefled by faith
in God and Chrift, and the love of them. Hence it is that
true chriftians are fo frequently called believers ; and wicked
and ungodly men unbelievers. Tillotfon.
He pronounces the children of fuch parents as were, one
of them a chriftian, and the other an unbeliever, holy, on ac¬
count of the faith and holiness of that one. Atterbury.
Men always grow vicious before they become unbelievers j
but if you would once convince profligates by topicks drawn
from the view of their own quiet, reputation, and health,
their infidelity would foon drop off. Swift's Mifcellanies.
Unbelieving, adj. Infidel.
No paufe,
No ftay of flaughter found his vigorous arm ;
But th’ unbelieving iquadrons turn’d to flight.
Smote in the rear. Phillips.
This wrought the greateft confuflon in the unbelieving
Jews, and the greateft convidhon in the Gentiles. Addifon.
In the days of the apoftle, when all who profefted them¬
felves difciples of Chrift were converts of confcience, this
fevere cenfure might be reftrained to the unbelieving part of
mankind. Rogers's Sermons.
Unbelo'ved. adj. Not loved.
Whoe’er you are, not unbelov'd by heav’n.
Since on our friendly {hore your {hips are driv’n. Dryden.
ToUnbe'nd. v.a. To relax; to remit; to eafe.
You unbend your noble ftrength, to think
So brain-lickly of things. Sbakefpeare's Macbeth.
It is lawful to relax and unbend our bow, but not to luffer
it to be unready, or unftrung. Taylor's Holy Living.
Here have I feen the king, when great affairs
GaVe leave to flacken and unbend his cares.
Attended to the chace by all the flow’r of youth. Denham.
From thofe great cares when eafe your foul unbendsy
Your pleafures are defign’d to noble ends. Dryden.
I muft be in the battie ; but I’ll go
With empty quiver, and unbended bow. Dryden.
Unbf/nding, adj.
1. Not fuffering flexure.
Notfo, when fwift CamillaTcours the plain,
Flies o’erth’ unbending corn, and {kirns along the main. Pope.
2. Devoted to relaxation.
Since what was omitted in the adling is now kept in, I
hope it may entertain your lordfhip at an unbending hour. Rowe.
Unbene'volent. adj. Not kind.
A religion which not only forbids, but by its natural in¬
fluence fweetens all bitternefs and afperity of tamper, and corredfs thatfelflfti narrownels of fpirit, which inclines men to
a fierce, unbenevolent behaviour. Rogers's Sermons.
Unbe/n ficed. adj. Not preferred to a benefice.
More vacant pulpits wou’d more converts make •
All wou’d have latitude enough to take :
The reft unbenefic'd your fedts maintain Dryden.
Unbeni'ghted. adj. Never vifited by darknefs.
Beyond the polar circles ; to them day
Had unbenighted {hone, while the low fun,
To recompence his diftance, in their fight
Had rounded {till the horizon. Milton's Par. Lojl.
9 Unbeni'gn.
U N B U N B
UnbEni'gk. adj. Malignant; malevolent,
Fo th’ other five
Their planetary motions, and afpedls,
In Textile, fquare, and trine, and oppofite.
Of noxious efficacy ; and when to join
In fynod unbenign. Milton s Pat. Lojl, b, x* l. 661,
Unbe'nt. adj.
1. Not ftrained by the firing.
Apollo heard, and conqu’ring his difdain.
Unbent his bow, and Greece infpir’d again. Dryden.
2. Having the bow unftrung.
Why haft thou gone fo far,
To be unbent when thou haft ta’en thy ftand,
Th’ elected deer before thee ? Sbakefp. Cymbeline.
3. Not crufhed ; not fubdued.
But thou, fecure of foul, unbent with woes,
The more thy fortune frowns, the more oppofe. Dryden.
4. Relaxed ; not intent.
Be not always on affairs intent.
But let thy thoughts be eafy and unbent:
When our mind’s eyes are difengag’d andiree.
They clearer, farther, and diftindtly fee, Denham.
Unbeseeming, adj. Unbecoming.
No emotion of paffion tranfported me by the indignity of his
carriage, to do or fay any thing unbefeejning myfelf. K. Charles.
Far be the fpirit of the chace from them j
Uncomely courage, unbefeejning fkill. Thomfon.
Unbeso'ught. adj. Not intreated.
Left heat ftiould injure us, his timely care
Hath, unbefought, provided ; and his hands
Cloath’d us unworthy; pitying while he judg’d. Milton.
Unbesto'wed. adj. Not given ; not difpofed of.
He had now but one fon and one daughter unbejlowed. Bacon.
Unbetra'yed. adj. Not betrayed.
Many being privy to the fadf.
How hard is it to keep it unbetray'd? Daniel's Civil War.
Unbewa'iled. adj. Not lamented.
Let determin’d things to deftiny
Hold unbewail'd their way. Sbakefp. Ant. andCleopatra.
To UnbewiYch, [from witch.'] To free from fafeination,
ToUnbi'ass. v. a. To free from any external motive; to
difentangle from prejudice.
That our underftandings may be free to examine, and reafon unbiajfed give its judgment; being that whereon a right
dire&ion of our conduit to true happinefs depends; it is in
this we ftiould employ our chief care. Locke.
The ftanding evidences of the gofpel, eveiy time they are
confider’d, gain upon fincere, unbiafs'd minds. Atterbury.
The trueft fervice a private man may do his country, is
by unbiaffmg his mind, as much as poffible, between the rival
powers. Swift.
Where’s the man who counfel can beftow,
Unbiafs'd, or by favour, or by fpite ;
Not dully prepoffefs’d, nor blindly right. Pope.
Unbi'assedly. adj. Without external influence; without pre¬
judice.
I have fought the true meaning ; and have unbiaffedly em¬
braced what, upon a fair enquiry, appeared fo to me. Locke.
Unbind. ) ,.
UnbFjdden. yd'
1. Uninvited.
Unbidden guefts
Are often welcomeft when they are gone, Sbakefp.
1. Uncommanded ; fpontaneous.
Thorns alfo and thirties it (hall bring thee forth
Unhid. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x. /. 204.
Rofes unbid, and ev’ry fragrant flow’r.
Flew from their ftalks, to ftrow thy nuptial bow’r. Dryden.
Unbidden earth fhall wreathing ivy bring,
And fragrant herbs the promifes of fpring. Dryden.
Unbi'gotted. adj. Free from bigotry.
Erafmus, who was an unbigotted Roman Catholick, was
fo much tranfported with this paffage of Socrates, that he
could fcarce forbear looking upon him as a faint, and defiring
him to pray for him. Addifon.
ToUnbi'nd. v. a. [from bind.']] To loofe ; to unti#.
His own woe’s author, whofo bound it finds.
As did Pyrocles, and it willfully unbinds. Fairy Queen.
Ye Latian dames.
If there be here, who dare maintain
My right, nor think the name of mother vain.
Unbind your fillets, loofe your flowing hair.
And orgies, and nocturnal rites prepare. Dryden.
On the fixth inftant it was thought fit to unbind his
head. ^ Tatler, N°. 55.
'Fo Unbi shop. v.a. [from bijhop.] Todeprive of cpifcopal orders.
I cannot look upon Titus as fo far unbijhoped yet, but
that he ftill exhibits to us all the effentials ofjurifdidtion. South.
Unbi'tTED. adj. [from bit.] Unbridled; unreftrained.
We have reafon to cool our raging motions, our carnal
flings, our unbitted lufts j whereof 1 take this love to be a
fedt or cyon. Shakefp. 0theIk.
Unblamable, adj. Not culpable; not to be charged with
a fault. 1
Much more could I fay concerning this unblamable inequa¬
lity of fines and rates. Bacon.
He lov’d his people, him they idoliz’d;
And thence proceeds my mortal hatred to him ;
That thus unblamable to all befide,
He err’d to me alone. Dryden's Don Sebaflian.
Unblamably. adv. Without taint of fault.
Ye are witneffes, and God alfo, how holily, and juftly,
and unblameably we behaved ourfelves. 1 Thejf. ii. 10.
Unbla'med. adj. Blamelefs; free from fault.
Shall fpend your days in joy unblam'd, and dwell
Long time in peace. Milton's Par. Lojf b. xii. /. 22.
Unblam'd, abundance crown’d the royal board.
Whattime this dome rever’d her prudent lord.
Who now is doom’d to mourn. Pope's OdyJJty.
Unble'mished. Free from turpitude ; free from reproach j
free from deformity.
O welcome, pure-ey’d faith, white-handed hope ;
Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings,
And thou unblemifnd form of chaitity. Milton's Comus.
Under this ftone lies virtue, youth,
Unblemijh’d probity, and truth. Waller.
Is none worthy to be made a wife y
In all this town ? Suppofe her free from ftrife, >
Rich, fair, and fruitful; of unblemijh'd life. Dryden. J
They appointed, out of thefe new converts, men of the
belt fenfe, and of the moft unblejnijh'd lives, to prefide over
thefe feveral aflemblies. Addifon.
Unble'nded. adj. Not mingled.
None can boaft a knowledge depurate from defilement,
within this atmofphere of flefh; it dwells no where in un¬
blended proportions on this fide the empyreum. Glanville.
Unblen'ched. adj. Not difgraced ; not injured by any foil.
There, where very defolation dwells.
She may pafs on with unblench'd majefty :
Be it not done in pride, or in prefumption. Milton,
Unble'st. adj.
1. Accurfed ; excluded from benediction.
It is a Ihameful and unbleJJ'ed thing, to take the feum of
people, and wicked, condemned men, to be the people
with whom you plant. Bacon.
2. Wretched; unhappy.
In thy pow’r
It lies yet, ere conception, to prevent
The race unblejl, to being yet unbegot. Milton.
What is true paffion, if unblejl it dies ?
And where is Emma’s joy, if Henry flies ? Prior.
Unbloo'died. adj. Not ftained with blood.
Who finds the partridge in the puttock’s neft.
But may imagine how the bird was dead.
Although the kite foar with unbloodied beak. Shakefp.
Unbloody, adj. Not cruel; not fheddingblood; not ftained
with blood.
Under the ledge of Atlas lies a cave.
The venerable feat of holy hermits.
Who there, fecure in feparated cells.
From the purling ftreams, and favage fruits.
Have wholelome bev’rage, and unbloody feafts. Dryden.
Unblo'wn. adj. Having the bud yet unexpanded:
Ah ! my poor princes ! Ah ! my tender babes !
My unblown flowers, new-appearing fweets ! Shakefp.
Unblu'nted. adj. Not becoming obtufe,
A fword, whofe weight without a blow might flay ;
Able, unblunted, to cut holts away. Cowley's Davidcis.
Unbo'died. adj.
1. Incorporeal; immaterial.
If we could conceive of things as angels and unbodied
fpirits do, without involving them in thofe clouds language
throws upon them, we Ihould feldom be in danger of fuch
miftakes as are perpetually committed. Watts's Logick.
2. Freed from the body.
She hath the bonds broke of eternal night;
Her foul unbodied of the burdenous corpfe. Spenfer.
All things are but alter’d, nothing dies;
And here and there th’ unbody'd fpirit flies. Dryden.
Unbo'iled. ad. Not fodden.
A quarter of a pint of rice unboiled, will arife to a pint
boiled. Bacon.
To Unbo'lt. v.a. To fet open; to unbar.
I’ll call my uncle down ;
He fhall unbolt the gates. Shakefp. Troikas and Creffda.
Unbo'lted. adj. Coarfe ; grofs ; not refined, as flour by
bolting or fifting.
I Will tread this unbolted villain into mortar, and daub the
wall of a jakes with him. Shakejpeare's K. Lear.
Unbo'nnetted. adj. Wanting a hat or bonnet.
This night, wherein
The lion, and the belly-pinched wolf
Keep their fur dry ; unbonnetted he tuns,
And bids what will, take all. Shakefp. K. Lear.
UnbooMish.
U N B
Unboc/kish. adj.
1. Not ftudious of books.
2. Not cultivated by erudition.
As he (hall fmile, Othello (hall go mad ;
And bis unbookijh jealoufy muft conftrue
Poor Caffio’s (miles, geftures, and light behaviour,
Quite in the wrong. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
Unbo'rn. adj. Not yet brought into life; future; being to
• come.
Some unborn forrow, ripe in fortune’s womb,
Is coming tow’rd me. Shakefp. Richard II.
The woes to come, the children yet unborn
Shall feel this day, as (harp to them as thorn. Shakefp.
Never fo much as in a thought unborn,
Did I offend you. Shakefp. As you like it.
He on the wings of cherubim
Up-lifted, in paternal glory rode
! ar into chaos, and the world unborn. Milton's Par. Lojl.
To what wretched (bate referv’d !
Better end here unborn ! Why is life giv’n
To be thus wafted from us ? Milton's Par. Lojl.
A queen, from whom
The fouls of kings unborn for bodies wait. Dryden.
Unbo'RRowed. adj. Genuine; native; one’s own.
But the luxurious father of the fold.
With native purple, and unborrow'd gold.
Beneath his pompous fleece (hall proudly fweat. Dryden.
In fubftances, efpecially thofe which the common and unbor¬
row'd names of any language are applied to, fome remarkable,
fenfible qualities, lerve to diftinguifti one from another. Locke.
Unbo'ttomed. adj.
1. Without bottom ; bottomlcfs.
The dark, unbottom'd, infinite abyfs. Milton.
2. Having no folid foundation.
This is a fpecial a£t of chriftian hope, to be thus unbot¬
tomed of ourfelves, and faftened upon God, with a full re¬
liance, truft, and dependance on his mercy. Hammond.
To Unbo'som, v. a.
1. To reveal in confidence.
I lov’d thee, as too well thou knew’ft ;
Too well, unbofoirid all my fecrets to thee,
Not out of levity, but overpower’d
By thy requeft, who could deny thee nothing. Milton.
Do we unbofom all our fecrets to him, and hide nothing
that paffeth in the depth of our hearts from him ? Atterbury.
2. To open ; to difclofe.
Should I thence, hurried on viewlefs wing.
Take up a weeping on the mountains wild,
The gentle neighbourhood of grove and fpring
Would foon unbofom all their echo’s mild. Milton.
Unbo'ught. adj.
.j. Obtained without money.
The unbought dainties of the poor. Dryden's Horace.
2. Not finding any purchafer.
The merchant will leave our native commodities unbought
upon the hands of the farmer, rather than export them to a
market, which will not afford him returns with profit. Locke.
Unbound, adj.
1. Loofe ; not tied.
2. Wanting a cover.
He that has complex ideas, without particular names for
them, would be in no better cafe than a bookfeller, who had
volumes that lay unbound, and without titles ; which he coujd
make known to others, only by (hewing the loofe (heets. Locke.
3. Preterite of unbind.
Some from their chains the faithful dogs unbound. Dryden.
Unbounded, adj.
1. Infinite; interminable.
Long were to tell what I have done ;
I voyag’d the unreal, vaft, unbounded deep
Of horrible confufion. Milton.
The wide, th’ unbounded profpedl lies before me ;
But (hadows, clouds, and darknefs reft upon it. Adclifon.
2. Unlimitted; unreftrained.
He was a man
Of an unbounded ftomach, ever ranking
Himfelf with princes. Shakefpeare.
He had given his curiofity its full, unbounded range, and exa¬
min’d not only in contemplation, but by fenfitive experiment,
whatever could be good for the fons of men. Decay of Piety.
Unboundedly, adv. Without bounds; without limits.
So unboundedly mifehievous is that petulant member, that
heaven and earth are not wide enough for its range, but it
will find work at home too. Government of the Tongue.
UnbouNdedness. n.f Exemption from limits.
Finitude, applied to created things, imports the proportions
of the fevcral properties of thefe things to one another. Infini-
• tude, the unboundednefs of thefe degrees of properties. Cheyne.
Unbo'wed. adj. Not bent.
He knits his brow, and (hews an angry eye,
And paffeth by with ftift", unbowed knee,
Difdaining duty that to us belongs, Shakefp. Hen. VI.
U N B
To Unho'wel. u. n. To exenterate ; to evifeerate.
In this chapter I’ll unbowel theftate ofthe queftion. JlaJcewill.
It is now become a new fpecies of divinity, to branch out
with fond diftiniStions our holy faith, which the pious firnplicity of the firft chriftians received to practice; not to read
upon as an anatomy, unbowel and diflefit to try experi¬
ments. Decay of Piety.
To Unbra'ce. v.a.
1. To loofe ; to relax.
With whofe reproach and odious menace,
The knight emboiling in his haughty heart,
Knit all his forces, and gan foon unbrace
His grafping hold. Fairy fjfueen, b. 2. c. 4. Jl. q.
Somewhat of mournful fure my ears does wound ;
Drums unbraced, with foldiers broken cries. Dryden.
Nought (hall the pfaltry and the harp avail,
When the quick fpirits their warm march forbear,
And numbing coldnefs has unbrac'd the ear. Prior.
Wafting years, that wither human race,
Exhauft thy fpirits, and thy arms unbrace. Pope's Iliad.
2. To make the clothes loofe.
Is it phyfical.
To walk unbrac'd, and (uck up the humours
Of the dank morning ? Shakefp. Julius Ccsfar.
Hamlet, with his doublet all unbrac'd;
No hat upon his head, his (lockings loofe. Shakefp.
Unbre'athed. v. a. Not exercifed.
They now have toil’d their unbreath'd memories.
With this fame play againft our nuptials. Shakefp.
Unbre'athing. adj. Unanimated.
They fpake not a word ;
But like dumb ftatues, or unbreathing ftones.
Star’d each on other, and look’d deadly pale. Shakefp.
Unbre'd. adj.
1. Not inftrudted incivility; ill educated.
Unbred minds muft be a little fent abroad. Gov. of Tongue.
Children learn from unbred ox debauched fervants, untowardly tricks. Locke on Education.
Sure never any thing was fo unbred as that odious
man. Congreve's Way ofthe World.
2. Not taught.
A warriour dame.
Unbred to fpinning, in the loom unfkill’d. Dryden.
Unbree'ched. adj. Having no breeches.
Looking on my boy’s face, methoughts I did recoil
Twenty-three years, and faw myfelf. unbreech'd,
In my green velvet coat. Shakefpeare's Winter Tale.
UnbrFbed. adj. Not influenced by money or gifts ; not hired.
The foul gave all:
Unbrib'd it gave ; or, if a bribe appear.
No lefs than heav’n. Dryden.
To fuccour the diftrefs’d ;
Unbrib'd by love ; unterrify’d by threats. A. Phillips.
Uner/dled. adj. Licentious; not reftrained.
This is not well, ra(h and unbridled boy.
To fly the favours of fo good a king. Shakefp.
We have confidered religious zeal, which tranfgreffes in
unbridled excefs. Spratt's Sermons.
To what licence
Dares thy unbridled boldnefs run itfelf ? B. Johnfon.
Unbro'ke. ? r rr t l 1
TT , >adi. from break.
Unbroken, j j l j
1. Not violated.
God pardon all oaths, that are broke to me ;
God keep all vows unbroke, are made to thee. Shakefp.
Some married perfons, even in their marriage, do pleale
God, by preferving their faith unbroken. Taylor.
He firft broke peace in heav’n, and faith, till then
Unbroken. Milton.
2. Not fubdued ; not weakened.
Fiom his feat the Pylian prince arofe;
Two centuries already he fulfill’d ;
And now began the third, unbroken yet. Dryden.
How broad his (houlders fpread ! by age unbroke ! Pope.
3. Not tamed.
A lonely cow,
Unworn with yokes, unbroken to the plow. Addifon.
UnbrNtherlike. } adj. Ill fuiting with the character of a
Unbro'therly. ) brother.
Vigor’s unbrotherlike heat towards the eaftern chuiches, fo¬
mented thatdifference about Eafter into a fchifm. Decay ofPiety.
Unbru'ised. adj Not bruifed ; not hurt.
On Pardan plains.
The frcffi, and yet unbruifed Greeks do pitch
Their brave pavillions. Shakefp.
Thou’ft years upon thee, and thou art too full
Of the war’s furfeits, to go rove with one
That’s yet unbruis'd. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Care keeps his watch in ev’ry old man’s eye :
And where care lodgeth, deep will never lie;
But where unbruifed youth, with unftuft brain.
Doth couch his limbs, there golden deep doth reign. Shakef
29 K To
U N C
To UNBt/c-KLE. v. a. To loofe from buckles.
We have been down together in my deep.
Unbuckling helms ; filling each other’s throat.
And wak’d half dead with nothing. Sbakcfp. Coriolanus.
He that unbuckles this, till we do pleafe
To doff’t for our purpofe, fhall hear a ftorm. Shakefp.
His ftarry helm unbuckled, fhew’d him prime
In manhood, where youth ended. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Ail unbuckling the rich mail they wore.
Laid their bright arms along the fable fhore. Pope:
To Unbuild, v. a. To raze ; to deftroy.
This is the way to kindle, not to quench ;
T’ unbuild the city, and to lay all flat. Shakespeare.
What will they then but unbuild
His living temples, built by faith to fland ;
Their own faith, not another’s ? Milton's Par. Lojl.
Unbui'lt. adj. Not yet ere&ed.
Built walls you fhun, unbuilt you fee. Dryden.
Unbu^ied. adj. Not interred ; not honoured with the rites
of funeral.
Why fuffer’ft thou thy fons, unburied yet.
To hover on the dreadful fhore of Styx ? Shakefp.
The mofs which groweth upon the fkull of a dead man
unburied, will ftauch blood potently. Bacon.
The hardeft ingredient to come by, is the mofs upon the
fkull of a dead man unburied. Bacon.
Him double cares attend,
For his unburied foldiers, aud his friend. Dryden.
Breathlefs he lies; and his unbury'd ghoft.
Depriv’d of funeral rites, pollutes your hofl. Dryden.
The wand’ring ghofts
Of king’s unbury'd on the wafted coafts. Pope's Statius.
Unbu^ned. }
Unbu'rnt. )aj'
1. Not confumed ; not wafted ; not injured by fire.
Creon denies the rites of fun’ral fires to thofe,
Whofe breathlefs bodies yet he calls his foes ;
Unburn'd, unburied, on a heap they lie. Dryden.
2. Not heated with fire.
Burnt wine is more hard and aftringent, than wine un¬
burnt. Bacon's Nat. Hift. N-\ 898.
Unbu'rning. adj. Not confirming by heat.
What we have faid of the unburning fire called light,
ftreaming from the flame of a candle, may eafily be applied
to all other light deprived of fenfible heat. Digby.
To Unbu'rthen. v. a.
1. To rid of a load.
We’ll fhake all cares and bufinefs from our age.
Conferring them on younger ftrengths ; while we
Unburden'd crawl tow’rd death. Shakefp. K. Lear.
2. To throw off.
Sharp Buckingham unburthens with his tongue
The envious load that lies upon his heart. Shakefp.
3. To difclofe what lies heavy on the mind.
From your love I have a warranty
T’ unburthen all my plots and purpofes,
How to get clear of all the debts I owe. Shakefp.
ToUnbu'tton. v. a. To loofe any thing buttoned.
Thou art fat-witted with drinking old fack, and unbutton¬
ing thee after fupper. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Many catch cold on the breaft, by leaving their doublets
unbuttoned. Harvey on Confumptions.
His filk waiftcoat was unbuttoned in feveral places. AddiJ'on.
UncalcFned. adj. Free from calcination.
A faline fubftance, fubtler than fal ammoniack, carried up
with it, uncalcined gold in the form of fubtile exhala¬
tions. Boyle.
Uncalled, adj. Not fummoned ; not fent for ; not demanded.
Baiilius had fervants, who, though they came not un¬
called,, yet at call were ready. Sidney.
He, bolder now, uncall'd before her flood. Milton.
Mild Lucina came uncall'd, and flood
Befide the ftruggling boughs, and heard the groan.
Then reach’d her midwife hand to fpeed the throes. Dryden,
To Unca'lm. adj. To difturb.
What ftrange difquiet has uncalm'd your breaft.
Inhuman fair, to rob the dead of reft ? Dryden.
Unca'ncelled. adj. Not erafed ; not abrogated.
I only mourn my yet uncancell'd fcore ;
You put me paft the pow’r of paying more. Dryden.
Uncano'nical. adj. Not agreeable to the canons.
Unca'pable. adj. fincapable, Fr. incapax, Lat.l Not capable;
not fufceptible. '
1 hou art come to anfwer
A ftony adverfary, an inhuman wretch,
Uncapable of pity, void and empty
From any dram of mercy. Shakefp. Mer. of Venice.
He who believes himfelf uncapable of pardon, goes on
without any care of reforming. Hammond.
I his, whilft they are under the deceit of it, makes them
uncapable of conviction; and they applaud thcmfelves as zeaU N C
lous champions for truth, when indeed they are contending
for error. Lof^
Unca red for. adj. Not regarded ; not attended to.
Their king9, to better their worldly ellate, left their own
and their people’s ghoftly condition uncared for.
Unca'rnate. adj. Notflefhly.
Nor need we be afraid to aferibe that to the incarnate fon,
which fometimes is attributed unto the uncarnate fafher. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
ToUnca'se. v. a.
1. To difengage from any covering.
See Pompey is uncafmg for the combat. Shakefp,
Thou fhalt be mafter, Tranio, in my flead,
’Tis hatch’d, and fhall be fo : Tranio, at once
Uncafe thee ; take my colour’d hat and cloak. Shakefp.
Partly by his voice, and partly by his ears, was difeover’d ; and confequently uncafecl, well laughed at, and well
cudgell’d. L'EJlrange.
Uncafe me, and do with me what you pleafe. Addsfonl
2. To flay.
All men him uncafed ’gan deride. HubbercTs Tale.
Unca'ught. adj. Not yet catched.
Let him fly far ;
Not in this land fhall he remain uncaught,
And found difpatch’d. Shakefp. K. Lear.
His bofom glows with treafures yet uncaught. Gay.
Unca'used. adj. Having no precedent caufe.
Unca/utious. adj. Nat wary ; heedlefs.
Unforefeen, they fay, is unprepar’d :
Uncautious Arcite thought himfelf alone. Dryden.
Unce'lebrated. adj. Not folemnized.
Thus was the firft day, ev’n and morn ;
Nor pafs’d uncelebrated, nor unfung
By the celeftial choirs. Milton's Par. Loft, b. vii. /. 253.
Unce'nsured. adj. Exempt from publick reproach.
How difficult muft it be for any ruler to live uncenfwed,
where every one of the community is thus qualified for mo¬
delling the conftitution ? Acldifon's Freeholder.
Fear moft to tax an honourable fool,
Whofe right it is uncenfur'd to be dull. Pope.
To be uncenfured, and to be obfeure, is the fame
thing. Pope's Letters,
Unce'rtain. adj. ['incertain, Fr. incertus, Lat.]
I. Doubtful; not certainly known.
That facred pile, fo vaft, fo high.
That whether ’tis a part of earth or fky.
Uncertain feems ; and may be thought a proud
Afpiring mountain, or defcending cloud. Denhant-.
2. Doubtful; not having certain knowledge.
Man, without the protection of a fuperior being, is fecure
of nothing that he enjoys, and uncertain of every thing that
he hopes for. Tillotfon.
Condemned on Caucafus to lie,
Still to be dying, not to die ;
With certain pain, uncertain of relief,
True emblem of a wretched lover’s grief. Granville.
3. Not fure in the confequence.
I muft be married to my brother’s daughter.
Or elfe my kingdom flands on brittle glals :
Murther her brothers, and then marry her !
Uncertain way of gain ! Shakejpeare's Richard ill.
Afcanius young, and eager of his game.
Soon bent his bow, uncertain in his aim :
But the dire fiend the fatal arrow guides.
Which pierc’d his bowels through his panting fides. Dryden.
In the bright air the fauchion fhone.
Or whiffling flings dilmifs’d th’ uncertain ftone. Gay.
The fearch of our future being, is but a needlefs, anxious,
and uncertain hafte to be knowing, fooner than vve can,
what, without all this folicitude, we fhall know a little
later. Pope.
4. Unfettled; unregular.
As the form of our publick fervice is not voluntary, fo
neither are the parts thereof uncertain ; but they are all let
down in fuch order, and with fuch choice, as hath, in the
wifdom of the church, feemed beft. Hooker.
Unce'rtained. adj. Made uncertain. A word not ui'ed.
The diverfity of feafons are not fo uncertained by the fun
and moon alone, who always keep one and the fame courle,
but that the ftars have alfo their working therein. Raleigh.
Uncertainly. adv. Not furely ; not certainly.
They that are paft all hope of good, are paft
All fear of ill: and yet if he be dead.
Speak foftly, or uncertainly. Denham's Sophy.
Go, mortals, now, and vex yourfelves in vain
For wealth, which fo uncertainly mull come :
When what was brought fo far, and with fuch pa:n.
Was only kept to lofe it nearer home. Dryden.
Names muft be of very unftcady meaning, if the ideas be
referred to ftandards without us, that cannot be known at
all, or but very imperfeClly and uncertainly. Locke.
Uncertaina v.
UNC
Uncertainty, n.f.
1. Dubioufhefs ; want of knowledge.
All great concernments mult delays endure ;
Rafhnefs and hafte make all things unfecure j
And if uncertain thy pretenfions be,
Stay till fit time wear out uncertainty. Denham.
You common cry of curs, whofe breath I hate,
Here then remain with your uncertainty ;
Let ev’ry feeble rumour (hake your hearts. Shakefp.
That which makes doubttulnefs and uncertainty in the lignification of fome, more than other words, is the difference
of ideas they Hand for. Locke.
1. Contingency ; want of certainty.
God’s omnifcience is a light fhining into every dark cor¬
ner, ftedfaftly grafping the greateft and moll llippery uncer¬
tainties. South’s Sermons.
3. Something unknown.
Our fhepherd’s cafe is every man’s cafe, that quits a moral
certainty tor an uncertainty, and leaps from the honeft bufinefs he was brought up to, into a trade he has no
fkill in. L’EJlrange.
To Uncha'in. v. a. To free from chains.
Minerva thus to Perfeus lent her fhield.
Secure of conqueft, fent him to the field :
The hero adted what the queen ordain’d ;
So was his fame complete, and Andromede unchain’d. Prior.
Unchangeable, adj. Immutable j not fubjeft to varia¬
tion.
If the end for which a law provideth, be perpetually neceflary ; and the way whereby it provideth perpetually alfo
moft apt, no doubt but that every fuch law ought for ever to
remain unchangeable. Hooker, b. iii. §. 10.
Unchanged, adj.
l. Not altered.
When our fortunes are violently changed, our fpirits are
unchanged. Taylor’s Rule of Holy Living.
More fafe I fing with mortal voice ; unchang’d
To hoarfe, or mute. Milton’s Par. Lojl.
%. Not alterable.
Difmifs thy fear,
And heav’n’s unchang’d decrees attentive hear:
More pow’rful gods have torn thee from my fide. Dryden.
Honour unchang’d, a principle/ profeft,
Fixt to one fide, but mod’rate to the reft. Pope.
UnchaNgeableness. n.f. Immutability.
This unchangeablenefs of colour I am now to defcribe. Newt.
Unchangeably, adv. Immutably; without change.
All truth is unchangeably the fame ; that propofition, which
is true at any time, being fo for ever. South.
Her firft order, difpofition, frame,
Muft then fubfift unchangeably the fame. Blackmore.
UnchaNging. adj. Suffering no alteration.
But that thy face is, vizor-like, unchanging,
Made impudent with ufe of evil deeds,
I would effay, proud queen, to make thee blufh. Shakefp.
True expreffion, like th’ unchanging fun, 1
Clears and improves whate’er it Ihines upon : C
It gilds all objects, but it alters none. Pope. J
To UnchaNge. v. a. To retrail an accufation.
Even his mother fhall uncharge the practice.
And call it accident. Shakefp. Hamlet.
UnchaNitable. adj. Contrary to charity; contrary to the
jxniverfal love prefcribed by chriftianity.
All the rich mines of learning ranfack’d are
To furnifh ammunition for this war ;
Uncharitable zeal our reafon whets.
And double edges on our paflion fets. Denham.
This fills the minds of weak men with uncharitable in¬
terpretations of thofe ailions of which they are not compe¬
tent judges. Addifon’s Freeholder, N°. 37.
UnchaNitableness. n.f. Want of charity.
The penitence of the criminal may have number’d him
among the faints, when our unretraclcd uncharitablenefs
may fend us to unquenchable flames. Govern, ofthe Tongue.
Heaven and hell are the proper regions of mercy and un¬
charitablenefs. Atterbury.
UnchaNitably. adv. In a manner contrary to cha¬
rity.
I did not mean the cutting off all that nation with the
fword ; which, far be it from me that I fhould ever think fo
defperately, or wifh fo uncharitably. Spenfer.
Urge neither charity nor fhame to me ;
Uncharitably with me have you dealt.
And fhamefully my hopes by you are butcher’d. Shakefp.
Men, imprudently and uncharitably often, employ their
zeal for perfons. Sprat.
Uncha'ry. adj. Not wary; not cautious.
I’ve faid too much unto a heart of ftone.
And laid my honour too unchary out. Shakefpeare.
Uncha ste, adj. Lewd ; libidinous ; not continent; not
chafte; not pure.
UNC
One, that in divers places I had heard Ijefore blazed, as
the moft impudently unchajle woman of all Afia. Sidney.
In my mafter’s garments,
Which he inforc’d from me, away he pofts
With unchajle purpofe, to violate
My lady’s honour. Shakefp. Cymbelitte.
He hath given her his monumental ring, and thinks himfelf made in the unchajle composition. Shakefpeare.
Whofoever is unchajle, cannot reverence himfelf; and the
reverence of a man’s felf is, next religion, the chiefeft bridle
of all vices. Bacon.
Luft, by unchajle looks,
Lets in defilement to the inward parts; Milton.
If fhe thinks to be feparated by reafon of her hufband’s
unchajle life, then the man will be uncurably ruined. Taylor.
Uncha'stity. n.f. Lewdnefs; incontinence.
That generation was more particularly addicted to intem¬
perance, fenfuality, and unchajlity. IVoodward.
When the fun is among the horned figns, he may pro¬
duce fuch a fpirit of unchajlity, as is dangerous to the honour
of your woifhips families. Arbuthnot.
UncheeNfulness. n.f. Melancholy; gloominefs of temper.
Many, by a natural uncheerfulnefs of heart, love to indulge
this uncomfortable way of life. Addifon’s Spectator.
Unchecked, adj. Unreftrained ; not fluctuated.
What news on the Ryalto ?
——Why, yet it lives there uncheck’d, that Anthonio hath
a fhip of rich lading wreck’d. Shakefp. Mer. of Venice.
Apt the mind, or fancy, is to rove
Uncheck’d, and of her roving is no end. Milton.
Thee on the wing thy uncheck’d vigour bore.
To wanton freely, or fecurely foar. Smith to J. Phillips.
Unche/wed. adj. fiJot mafticated.
He fills his famifh’d maw, his mouth runs o’er
With unchew’d morfels, while he churns the gore. Dryden.
ToUnchiNd. v. a. To deprive of children.
He hath widow’d and unchilded many a one.
Which to this hour bewail the injury. Shakefp.
Unchristian, adj.
1. Contrary to the laws of chriftianity.
It’s uncharitable, unchrijlian, and inhuman, to pafs a pe¬
remptory fentence of condemnation upon a try’d friend,
where there is any room left for a more favourable judg¬
ment. L’EJlrange.
Thefe unchrijlian fiihers of men, are fatally caught in
their own nets. South:
I cou’d difpenfe with the unphilofophicalnefs of this their
hypothefis, were it not unchrijuan. Norris.
2. Unconverted; infidel.
Whereupon grew a queftion, whether a chriftian foldier
might herein do as the unchrijlian did, and wear as they
wore* Hooker.
Unchri'stianness. adj. Contrariey to chriftianity.
The unchrijliannefs of thofe denials might arife from a
difpleafure to fee me prefer my own divines before their minifters. A’. Charles.
UncircumciSed. adj. Not circumcifed; not a Jew.
Th’ uncircumcis’d fmil’d grimly with difdain. Cowley.
Uncircumci'sion. n f. Omiflion of circumcifioit.
God, that gives the law that a Jew fhall be circumcifed,
thereby conftitutes uncircumcifion an obliquity ; which, had
he not given that law, had never been fuch. Hammonds
Uncircumscri'bed. adj. Unbounded ; unlimited.
Though I, unjcircumfcrib’d myfelf, retire.
And put not forth my goodnefs. Milton’s Par. Lojh
An arbitrary prince is the mafter of a non-refifting peo¬
ple ; for where the power is uncircumfcribed, the obedience
ought to be unlimited. Addifon.
The fovereign was flattered by a fet of men into a perfuafion, that the regal authority was unlimited and uncircumfcrib’d. Addifon s Freeholder, N°, 2.
UnciNcumspect. adj. Not cautious; not vigilant.
Their uncircumfpeCl limplicity had been ufed, efpecially in
matters of religion. Hayward.
UncircumstaNtial. adj. Unimportant. A bad word.
The like particulars, although they feem uncircumjlantialy
are oft fet down in holy feripture. Browne’s Vulgar Errours.
Uncivil, adj. [incivil, Fr. incivilis, Lat.] Unpolite; not agree¬
able to rules of elegance, or complaifance.
Your undutiful, uncivil, and uncharitable dealing in this
your book, hath detedled you. IVlntnit.
They love me well, yet I have much to do,
To keep me from uncivil outrages. Shakefp.
My friends are fo unreafonable, that they would have ms
be uncivil to him. Spectator, N\ 475.
Uncivilly, adv. Unpolitely ; not complaifantly.
Somewhat in it he would not have done, or defired un¬
done, when he broke forth as defperately, as before he
had done uncivilly. Browne’s Vulgar Errours.
Unci'v-ilized. adj.
i< Not reclaimed from barbarity.
J2ut
7
UNC U N C
But vvc, brave Britons, foreign laws defpis’d,
And kept unconquer’d, and unciviliz'd:
Fierce for the liberties of wit, and bold.
We Hill defy’d the Romans, as ol old. Pope.
2.Coarfe ; indecent.
Several, who have been polifhed in France, make ufe of
the moft coarfe, unciviliz’d words in our language. Addifon.
Uncla'rified. adj. Not purged ; not purified.
One ounce of whey unclarified; one ounce of oil of vi¬
triol, make no apparent alteration. Bacon s Phyf Remarks.
To Uncla'sp. v. a. To open what is fhut with clafps.
Thou know’ft no lefs, but all: I have unclafp’cl
To thee the book, ev’n of my fecret foul. Shakefp.
Prayer can unclafp the girdles of the north, faying to a
mountain of ice, be thou removed hence, and caft into the
fea. Taylor’s JVorthy Communicant.
Uncla'ssick. Not claffick.
Angel of dulnefs, fent to fcatter round
Her magick charms o’er all unclajfck ground. Pope.
U''ncle. n.J. [oncle, Fr.] The father’s or mother’s brother.
Hamlet punifhes his uncle rather for his own death, than the
murther of his father. Sbakefpeare Illujlrated.
Unclea'n. n. f.
1. Foul; dirty j filthy.
Charon,
A fordid god : down from his hoary chill
A length of beard defeends, uncomb’d, unclean. Dryden.
Priefts are patterns for the reft ;
The gold of heav’n, who bear the God imprefs’d :
But when the precious coin is kept unclean,
The fov’reign’s image is no longer feen.
If they be foul, on whom the people truft,
VVell may the bafer brafs contrail a ruft. Dryden.
2. Not purified by ritual pra&ices.
3. Foul with fin.
Befides how vile, contemptible, ridiculous,
What ail more execrably unclean, profane ? Milton.
What agonies mull he endure ? What difficulties overcome, before he can cleanfe himfelf from the pollutions of
fin, and be a fit inhabitant of that holy place, where no
unclean thing fhall enter ? Rogers’s Sermons.
4. Lewd ; unchafte.
Let them ail encircle him about.
And, fairy-like too, pinch the unclean knight.
And afk him, why that hour of fairy revel.
In their fo facred paths he dares to tread.
In fhape profane. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Some tree, whofe broad, fmooth leaves together low’d.
And girded on our loins, may cover round
Thofe middlle parts ; that this new comer, fihame.
There fit not, and reproach us as unclean. Milton.
Unclea'nljness. n.f Want of cleanlinefs.
This profane liberty and uncleanlinrj's, the archbifhop refolv’d to reform. Clarendon.
Uncle'anly. adj.
1. Foul; filthy; nafty.
Civet is of a bafer birth than tar;
The very uncleanly flux of a cat. Sbakefpeare.
2. Indecent; unchafte.
’Tis pity that thefe harmonious writers have ever indulged
any thing uncleanly or impure to defile their paper. Watts.
UncleaTness. n.f
1. Lewdnefs ; incontinence.
In St. Giles’s I underftood that mod of the vileft and mod
miferable houfes of uncleannefs were. Graunt’s Bills ofMortality.
2. Want of cleanlinefs ; naftinefs.
Be not curious nor carelefs in your habit; be not troublefome to thyfelf, or to others, by unhandfomenefs, or uncleanncjs. Taylor’s Guide to Devotion.
3. Sin ; wickednefs.
I will fave you from all your uncleanneffes. Ez. xxxvi. 29.
4. Want of ritual purity.
Uncle/ansed. adj. Not cleanfed.
Pond earth is a good compofi, if the pond have been long
uncleanfed : fo the water be not too hungry. Bacon’s Nat. Hijt.
To Uncle'w. v. a. [from clew.\ To undo.
If I fhould pay you for’t as ’tis extoll’d,
It would unclew me quite. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
To Uncle/nch. v. a. To open the clofed hand.
The hero fo his enterprize recalls ;
His fill unclenches, and the weapon falls. Garth.
Uncli'pted. adj. Whole; not cut.
As foon as there began a diftinUtion between clipped and
unclipped money, bullion arofe. Locke.
I o Unclo'ath. a. To ftrip ; to make naked.
I he boughs and branches are never uncloathed and left
naked. Raleigh’s Hiji. of the World.
Poor orphans minds are left as uncloath’d and naked alto¬
gether, as their bodies. Atterbury.
Cover the couch over with thick woollen clothes, the
warmth whereof will make it come prefently ; which once
perceived, forthwith uncloath it. Mortimer’s Hufbandry,
Ncorris.
Pope,
To a diftinil knowledge of things, we mud uncloath them
of all thefe mixtures, that we may contemplate them naked
and in their own nature. Watts’s Logick.
To Unclo'g. v. a.
1. To difencumber ; to exonerate.
Could I meet ’em
But once a day, it would unclog my heart
Of what lies heavy to’t. Sbakefpeare.
2. To fet at liberty.
Then air, becaufe unclog'd in empty fpace.
Flies after fire, and claims the fecond place. Dryden,
To Uncloi'ster. v. n. To fet at large.
Why did I not, uncloifer’d from the womb,
Take my next lodging in a tomb ?
To Unclo'se. v.a. To open.
Soon as thy letters trembling I unclofe,
That well-known name awakens all my woes.
Unclo'sed. adj. Not feparated by inclofures.
The king’s army would, through thofe unclofed parts, have
done them little harm. Clarendon.
Unclo'uded. adj. Free from clouds; clear from obfeurityj
not darkened.
The fattier unfolding bright
Tow’rd the right hand his glory on the fon
Blaz’d forth unclouded deity. Milton’s Par. Lofl.
True virtues, with unclouded light.
All great, all royal, Ihine divinely bright. Rofcommon.
Bleft with temper, whofe unclouded ray,
Can make to-morrow cheerful as to-day. Pope.
Unclo'udedness. n.f. Opennefs ; freedom from gloom.
The love I would perfuade, makes nothing more condu¬
cive to it, than the greateft uncloudednefs of the eye, and the
perfeiteft illuftration of the objedt; which is fuch, that the
cleareft reafon is the molt advantageous light it can defire to
be feen by. Boyle.
Unclo'udy adj. Free from a cloud.
Now night in filent ftate begins to rife.
And twinkling orbs beftrow th’ uncloudy fkies ;
Her borrow’d luftre growing Cynthia lends. Gay.
To Unclu'tch. v. a. To open.
If the terrors of the Lord could not melt his bowels, unclutch
his griping hand, or difleize him of his prey ; yet fure it mult
difeourage him from grafping of heaven too. Decay of Piety.
To UncoFf. v. a. To pull the cap off.
Yonder are two apple-women fcolding, and juft: ready to
uncoif one another. Arbuthnot and Pope.
To Unco'il. v. a. [from coil.J To open from being coiled or
wrapped one part upon another.
The fpiral air-veflels are like threads of cobweb, a little
uncoiled. Derham’s Phyfco-Theology.
Uncoi'ned. adj. Not coined.
While thou liv’ft, Kate, take a fellow of plain, uncoined
conftancy. Sbakefpeare’s Hen. V.
An ounce of coined ftandard filver, mull be of equal va¬
lue to an ounce of uncoined ftandard filver. Locke.
Uncolle'cted. adj. Not collected ; not recollected.
Afham’d, confus’d, I ftarted from my bed.
And to my foul yet uncollected faid ;
Into thyfelf, fond Solomon ! return ;
Refleit again, and thou again fhalt mourn. Prior.
UncoYoured. adj. Not ftained with any colour, or die.
Out of things uncoloured and tranfparent, we can reprefent
unto you all leveral colours. Bacon.
Whether to deck with clouds the uncolour’d fky.
Or wet the thirdly earth with falling fhow’rs;
Rifing, or falling, ftill advance his praife. Milton.
Unco'mbed. adj. Not parted or adjufted by the comb.
They might perceive his head
To be unarmed, and curled, uncombed hairs,
Upftarting flifF. Fairy Jjheen, b. 1. c. 9. f. 22.
Their locks are beds of uncomb’d lnakes, that wind
About their fhady brows in wanton rings. Crajhaw.
Thy locks uncomb’d, like a rough wood appear. Dryden.
Unco'meatable. adj. Inacceflible ; unattainable. A low,
corrupt word.
Unco'meliness. n.f. Want of grace; want of beauty.
The ruined churches are fo unhandfomely patched, and
thatched, that men do even fhun the places, for the uncomelinefs thereof. Spenfer’s Ireland.
He prais’d women’s modefty, and gave orderly, wellbehaved reproof to all uncomelinefs. Shakefp.
Thofe arches which the Tulcan writers call di terzo, and
di quarto acuto, becaufe they always concur in an acute angle,
both for the natural imbecillity of the angle itfelf, and likewile for their very uncomelinefs, ought to be exiled from judi¬
cious eyes. Wottons Architecture.
Forgetting that duty of modeft concealment which they
owed to the father of their country, in cafe they had difeovered any real uncomelinefs. K. Charles.
The beauty or uncomelinefs in good and ill breeding, will
make deeper impreflions on them, in the examples of others,
than from any rules. Locke.
6 Unco'aiely.
UNC U N C
Uncc/mely. adj. Not comely ; wanting grace.
Though he thought inquifitivenefs an uncomely gueft, he
could not but afk who fhe was. Sidney.
Neither is the fame accounted an uncomely manner of rid¬
ing : for great warriors fay, they never law a more comely
man than the Irilhman, nor that cometh on more bravely in
his charge. Spenfer s Ireland.
Many, who troubled them moft in their counfels, durft
not go thither, for fear oi uncomely affronts. Clarendon.
Uncomely courage, unoefeeming fkill. Thomfons Autumn.
U nco'mfortable, adj.
i. Affording no comfort; gloomy; difmal; miferable.
He fo much complaineth of his own uncomfortable exile,
wherein he iuftained many moft grievous indignities, and en¬
dured the want ol fundry, both pleafures and honours, be¬
fore enjoyed. Hooker.
Chriftmafs is in the moft dead, uncomfortable time of the
year, when the poor people would fuffer very much, if they
had not good cheer to fupport them. Addifon.
Ours is melancholy and uncomfortable portion here below !
A place, where not a day paffes, but we eat our bread with
forrovv and cares : the prefent troubles us, the future amazes ;
and even the paft fills us with grief and anguifh. Wake.
The fun ne’er views th’ uncomfortable feats,
When radiant he advances or retreats. Pope's Odyffey,
1. Receiving no comfort; melancholy.
Uncc/mfortableness.- n. J'. Want of cheerfulnefs.
The want of juft difpolitions to the holy facrament, may
occafion this uncomfortablenefs. Taylor's Worthy Communicant.
UncoViFortably. adv. Without cheerfulnefs.
UncommaDded. adj. Not commanded.
It is eafy to fee what judgment is to be palled upon all
thofe affected, uncommanded, abl'urd aufterities of the Romifh
profeflion. South<
Unco'mmon. adj. Not frequent; not often foutfd or known.
Some of them are uncommon, but fuch as the reader mull
aflent to, when he fees them explained. Addifon.
Uncommonly. adv. Not frequently ; to an uncommon degree.
Unco'mmonness. n. f. Infrequency.
Our admiration of the antiquities about Naples and Rome,
does not fo much arife out of their greatneis as uncommonnefs. Addifon.
U ncompa'ct. adj. Not compadt; not clofely cohering.
Thefe rivers were not ftreams of running matter; for
how could a liquid, that lay hardening by degrees, fettle in
fuch a furrowed, uncompadt furface ? Addifon.
Uncommu'nicated. adj. Not communicated.
There is no fuch mutual infulion as really caufeth the fame
natural operations or properties to be made common unto
both fubftances ; but whatfoever is natural to deity, the fame
remaineth in Chrift unconununicated unto his manhood ; and
whatfoever natural to manhood, his deity thereof is uncapable. Hooker.
Unco'mpanied. adj. Having no companion.
Thence fhe fled, uncompanied, unfought. Fairfax,
Uncompa'ssionate. adj. Having no pity.
Neither deep groans, nor filver-fhedding tears,
Could penetrate her uncompajfionate lire. Shakefp.
Hero and Leander were drowned in the uncompajfionate
furges. Sandys’s 'Journey.
If thou in ftrength all mortals doft exceed ;
In uncompajfionate anger do not fo. Milton s Agonijlcs,
uncompe'lled. adj. Free from compulfion.
The amorous needle, once joined ro the loadftone, would
never, uncompelled, forfake the inchanting mineral. Boyle.
Keep my voyage from the royal ear.
Nor, uncompell’d, the dangerous truth betray.
Till twice fix times defcends the lamp of day. Pope.
UnCOMPLAISa/nt. aclj. Not civil ; not obliging.
A natural roughnefs makes a man uncomplaijant to others,
fo that he has no deference for their inclinations. Locke.
Uncomple'at. adj. Not perfeCt; not finifhed.
Various incidents do not make different fables, but are
only xheuncompleat and unfinifhed parts of the fame fable. Pope.
Uncompo'unded. adj.
1. Simple ; not mixed.
Hardnefs may be reckoned the property of all uncompounded
matter. Newton s Upticks.
Your uncompounded atoms, you
Figures in numbers infinite allow ;
From which, by various combination, fprings
This unconfin’d diverfity of things. Blacktnore.
2. Simple; not intricate.
Thelubftance of the faith was comprifed in that uncom¬
pounded ftyle, but was afterwards prudently enlarged, for the
repeiline heretical invaders. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Uncompressed, adj. Free from compreftion.
We might be furniflied with a reply, by letting down the
differing weight of our receiver, when emptied, and when
full of uncomprejfed air, Boyle.
Uncomprehe’Nsive. adj.
1. Unable to comprehend.
2. In ShakeJ'peare it feems to fignify incompreherftble.
The providence, that’s in a watchful ftate.
Knows almoft: every grain of Pluto’s gold ;
Finds bottom in th’ incomprehenfive deep. Shakefp.
Unconceivable, adj. Not to be underftood ; notto be com¬
prehended by the mind.
In the communication of motion by impulfe, we can have
no other conception, but of the pafting of motion out of one
body into another; which is as obfeure and unconceivable, as
how our minds move or flop our bodies by thought. Locke.
Thofe atoms wond’rous fmall mult be.
Small to an unconceivable degree ;
Since though thefe radiant fpoils difpers’d in air,
Do ne’er return, and ne’er the fun repair. Blaclmore.
Unconc e'ivableness. n. f. Incomprehenfibility.
The unconceivablenefs of fomething they find in one, throws
men violently into the contrary hypothefis, though altoge¬
ther as unintelligible. Locke.
Unconce'jved. adj. Not thought; not imagined.
Vaft is my theme, yet unconceiv d, and brings
Untoward words, fcarce loofen’d yet from things. Creech.
Unconce'rn. n. f Negligence; want of intereft; freedom
from anxiety ; freedom from perturbation.
Such things had been charged upon us by the malice of
enemies, the want of judgment in friends, and the unconcern
o.t indifferent perfons. Swift
Unconce'rned. adj.
1. Having no intereft.
An idle perfon is like one that is dead, unconcerned in the
changes and neceffities of the world. Taylor.
The earth’s motion is to be admitted, notwithftanding
the feeming contrary evidence of unconcerned fenfes. Glanville.
It feems a principle in human nature, to incline one way
more than another, even in matters where- we are wholly
unconcerned. Swift,
2. JN ot anxious; not difturbed ; not affe&ed.
See the morn,
All unconcern'd with our unreft, begins
Her rofy progrefs fmiling. Milton's Par. Lof.
You call’d me into all your joys, and gave me
An equal fhare; and in this depth of mifery
Can I be unconcerned? Denham's Sophy,
The virgin from the ground
Upftarted frefh, already clos’d the wound j
And unconcern'd for all (he felt before,
Precipitates her flight along the fhore. Dryden.
Happy mortals, unconcern'd for more,
Confin’d their wifhes to their native fhore. Dryden,
We fhall be eafy and unconcerned at all the accidents of
the way, and regard only the event of the journey. Rogers.
Unconce'rnedly. adv. Without intereft or affection; with¬
out anxiety; without perturbation.
Not the moft cruel of our conquering foes,
So unconcern dly can relate our woes,
As not to lend a tear. Denham.
Death was denounc'd, that frightful found.
Which ev’n the beft can hardly bear :
He took the fummons, void of fear.
And unconcern'dly caft his eyes around,
As if to find and dare the griefly challenger. Dryden.
Is heaven, with its pleafures for evermore, to be parted
with fo unconcernedly ? Is an exceeding and eternal weight of
glory too light in the balance againft the hopelefs death of the
atheift, and utter extinction. Bentley.
Unconce'rnedness. n.f Freedom from anxiety, or pertur¬
bation.
No man, having done a kindnefs to another, would think
bimfelf juftly dealt with, in a total negleCt, and unconcernednefs of the perfon who had received that kindnefs. South,
Unconce'rning. adj. Not interefting ; not affeCting; not be¬
longing to one.
Things impoflible in their nature, of unconcerning to us,
cannot beget it. Decay of Piety,
The fcience of medals, which is charged with fo many
unconcerning. parts of knowledge, and built on fuch mean ma¬
terials, appears ridiculous to thofe that have not exa¬
mined it. Addifon on Antient Medals.
UnconceDnment. n. f. The ftate of having no fhare.
Being privileged by an happy unconcernment in thofe legal
murders, you may take a fweeter relifli of your own in¬
nocence. South,
Unconcli/dent. 7 adj. Not decifive ; inferring no plain or
Unconcll/ding., J certain conclufion or coniequence.
Our arguments are inevident and unconcludent. Hale.
He makes his underftanding only the warehoufe of other
mens falfe and unconcluding reafonings, rather than a repofitory
of truth for his own ufe. Locke.
Un concluding ness, n f Quality of being unconcluding.
29 L Either
U N C U N C
Pope.
Either may be much more probably maintained than hithereto, as againft the unaccuratenefs and the unconcludingnefs
of the analytical experiments vulgarly relied on. Boyle.
Unconco'cted. adj. Not digefted ; not matured.
We fwallow cherry - Hones, but void them unconxodted. Browne's Viulgar Errours.
In theology, I put as great a difference between our new
lights and antient truths, as between the fun and an unconcofledy evanid meteor. Glanville.
Did fhe extend the gloomy clouds on high.
Where all th’ amazing fireworks of the fky.
In unconcoded feeds fermenting lie. Blackmore.
Unconde'mned. adj. Not condemned.
It was a familiar and uncondemned practice amongft the
Greeks and Romans, to expofe, without pity, their inno¬
cent infants. Locke.
Unconditional, adj. Abfolute ; not limited by any terms.
O pafs not. Lord ! an abfolute decree.
Or bind thy fentence unconditional;
But in thy fentence our remorfe forefee.
And, in that forefight, this thy doom recal. Dryden.
Our Saviour left a power in his church to abfolve men
from their fins ; but this was not an abfolute and unconditional
power veiled in any, but founded upon repentance, and on
the penitent’s belief in him alone. Ayliffe’s Parergon.
Unconfi'ned. adj.
1. Free from reflraint.
I wonder at it.
That fhews thou art unconfin'd. Shakefpeare.
Chaucer has refined on Boccace, and has mended the
{lories he has borrowed : though profe allows more liberty of
thought, and the expreflion is more eafy when unconfinecl by
numbers. Our countryman carries weight, and yet wins
the race at difadvantage. Dryden.
Poets, a race long unconfin'd and free,
Still fond and proud of favage liberty.
Receiv’d his laws. * Pope's EJfiay on Criticifim.
2. Having no limits ; unbounded.
If that which men efleem their happinefs, were, like the
light, the fame fufficient and unconfined good, whether ten
thoufand enjoy the benefit of it, or but one, we fhould fee
men’s good will and kind endeavours would be as univerfal. Spectator, N°. 601.
Blell with a tafte exa£l, yet unconfind;
A knowledge both of books and human kind.
Unconfi'nable. adj. Unbounded.
You rogue 1 you (land upon your honour ! why, thou unconfinable bafenels, it is as much as I can do to keep mine
honour. % Shakefpeare’s Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Unconfirmed, adj.
1. Not fortified by refolution; not flrengthened ; raw; weak.
The unexpected fpeech
The king had made upon the new-rais’d force.
In th’ unconfirm'd troops, much fear did breed. Daniel.
2. Not flrengthened by additional teflimony.
He would have refign’d
To him his heav’nly office, nor was long
His witnefs unconfirm d. Milton's Par. Regain'd.
3. Not fettled in the church by the rite of confirmation.
UnconfoRm. adj. Unlike; diffimilar; not analagous.
Not unconform to other fhining globes. Milton.
Unconfo'rmable. adj. Inconfiflent; not conforming.
Unto thofe general rules, they know we do not defend,
that we may hold any thing unconformable. Hooker.
Moral good, is an action conformable to the rule of our
duty. Moral evil, is an action unconformable to it, or a ne¬
glect to fulfil it. Watts's Logick.
Unconformity, n.f Incongruity; inconfiflency.
The moral goodnefs or evil of men’s actions, which confift
in rtieir conformity or unconformity to right reafon, muft be
eternal, neceflary, and unchangeable. South.
Unconfu'sed. adj. DillinCl; free from confufion.
It is more diflinCl and unconfufed than the fenfitive me¬
mory. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
If in having our ideas in the memory ready at hand, confifls,quicknefs of parts ; in this of having them unconfufed,
and being able nicely to diflinguifli one thing from another,
confills the exaClnefs of judgment. Locke.
Unconfu'sedly. adv. Without confufion.
Every one finds that he knows, when any idea is in his
underflanding, and that, when more than one are there, he
knows them, diftinClly and unconfvfedly, from one an¬
other. ' Locke.
Unco'nfutable. adj. Irrefragable; not to be convidled of
errour.
One political argument they boafled of as unconfutable,
that from the marriages of ecclefiaflicks, would enfue po¬
verty in many of the children’, and thence a difgraceand bur¬
den to the church. ^ Sprat's Sermons.
Unconge/alf.d. adj. Not concreted by cold.
By expofing wine, after four months digeflion in horfedung, unto the extremity of cold, the aqueous parts will
freeze, but the fpirit retire, and be found uncongealed in the
center. _ Brown's Vulgar Errours.
UNCO NJUGAL. adj. Not confident with matrimonial faith •
not befitting a wife or hufband.
My name
To all poflerity may fland defam’d ;
FV ith malediction mention’d, and the blot
Of falfhood moft unconjugal traduc’d. Milton’s Agoniftes.
Unconnected, adj. Not coherent; not joined by proper
tranfitions or dependence of parts ; lax ; Joofe ; vague.
Thofe who contemplate only the fragments broken off
from any fcience, difperfed in fhort, unconnected dilcourfes,
can never furvey an entire body of truth. Watts.
UnconnTving. adj. Not forbearing penal notice.
To that hideous place not fo confin’d
By rigour unconniving; but that oft
Leaving my dolorous prifon, I enjoy
Large liberty, to round this globe of earth. Milton.
Unco'nquerable. adj. Not to be fubdued ; infuperable;
not to be overcome ; invincible.
Louis was darting his thunder on the Alps, and caufing
his enemies to feel the force of his unconquerable arms. Dryden.
Spadiliio, firfl unconquerable lord !
Led off two captive trumps, and fwept the board. Pope.
UnCc/nquerably. adv. Invincibly; infuperably.
The herds of Iphyclus, detain’d in wrong;
Wild, furious herds, unconquerably flrong. Pope.
Unco'nquered. adj.
1. Not fubdued ; not overcome.
To die fo tamely,
O’ercome by paffion and misfortune,
And flill unconqucr’d by my foes, founds ill. Denham.
Unconquer’d yet, in that forlorn eflate,
His manly courage overcame his fate. Dryden.
2. Infuperable ; invincible.
Thefe brothers had a-while ferved the king of Pontus;
and in all his affairs, efpecially of war, whereunto they were
only apt, they had fhewed as unconquerecl courage, fo rude a
faithfulnefs. Sidney.
What was that fnaky-headed gorgon fhield.
That wife Minerva wore, unconquer’d virgin !
Wherewith fhe freez’d her foes to congeal’d flone.
But rigid looks, and chafle auflerity.
And noble grace, that dafh’d brute violence.
With fudden adoration and blank awe ? Milton.
Unconquer’d lord of pleafure and of pain. Johnfn,
Unco'nscionable. adj.
1. Exceeding the limits of any juft claim or expectation.
A man may oppofe an unconfcionable requefl for an unjuftifiable leafon. • N L’Efrange.
2. Forming unreafonable expectations.
You cannot be fo unconfcionable as to charge me for not
fubferibing of my name, for that would reflect too grofsly
upon your own party, who never dare it. Dryden.
3. Enormous ; vaft. A low word.
His giantfhip is gone fomewhat creft-fall’n.
Stalking with lefs unconfcionable ftrides,
And lower looks, but in a fultry chafe. Milton's Agoniftes.
4 Not guided or influenced by confidence.
How infamous is the falfe, fraudulent, and unconfcionable ?
hardly ever did any man of no confcience continue a man of
any credit long. South.
UncoRscionableness. n.f. Unreafonablenefs of hope or
claim.
Unco'nscionably. adv. Unreafonably.
Indeed ’tis pity you fhould mifs
Th’ arrears of all your fervices ;
And for th’ eternal obligation,
Y’ have laid upon th’ ungrateful nation,
Be ufed fo unconfcionably hard.
As not to find a juft reward. Hudibras, p. ii. cant. 3.
This is a common vice ; though all things here
Are fold, and fold unconfcionably dear. Dryden's Juvenal.
Unconscious, adj. Having no mental perception.
Unconfcious caufes only flill impart
Their utmoft fkill, their utmoft power exert;
Thofe which can freely chufe, difeern, and know.
Can more or lefs of art and care bellow. Blackmore.
A yearling bullock to thy name fhall l’moke,
Untam’d, unconfcious of the galling yoke. Pope.
UncoRsecrated. adj. Not facred; not dedicated ; not de¬
voted.
The fin of Ifrael had even unconjrecrated and profaned that
facred edifice, and robbed it of its only defence. South.
Unconse'nted. adj. Not yielded.
Wc fhould extend it even to the weaknefles of our natures,
to our pronenefs to evil : for however thefe, unconfented to,
will not be imputed to us, yet are they matter of
forrow. Wake's Preparation for Death.
UnconsTdered. adj. Not confideied ; not attended to.
Love yourfelf; and in that love,
Not unconfidered leave your honour. Shakcfpeare.
It
U N C U n C
It will not be unconficlered, that we find no open track in
this labyrinth. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Unco'nsonant. adj. Incongruous; unfit; inconfiftent.
It leemeth a thing unconfonant, that the world fhould ho¬
nour any other as the Saviour, but him whom it honoureth
as the creator of the world. Hooker.
Unco'nstant. adj. [inconjlant, Fr. inconjlans, Lat.] Fickle;
not ftcady ; changeable ; mutable.
More unc njlant than the wind ; who woos
Ev’n now the frozen bofom of the north ;
And, being anger d, pufls away from thence.
Turning his face to the dew-dropping fouth. Shakefp.
Th’ unconjlant fkies
Do change their courl’e as fev’ral winds arife. May's Virgil.
Unconstrained, adj. Free from compulfion.
^ Will you, with free and unconjlrained foul,
Give me your daughter ? Shakefpeare.
Thefe be the miferies which our firft parents brought upon
all mankind, unto whom God, in his creation, gave a free
and unconjlrained will. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
Made for his ufe, yet he has form’d us fo.
We unconjlrain'd, what he commands us, do. Dryden.
His highnefs is return’d.—-
And unconjlrain'd? But with what change
Of countenance did he receive the meflage ? Denham.
unconstra'inedly. adv. Without force fuffered.
Such a patron has frankly, generoufly, and unconjlrainedly
relieved me. South's Sermons.
Unconstra int, n.f. Freedom from conftraint; eafe.
Mr. Dryden writ more like a fcholar; and though the
greateft matter of poetry, he wanted that eafinefs, that air of
freedom and unconjlraint, which is more fenfibly to be per¬
ceived, than defcribed. Felton on the ClaJJicks.
UnconsuLting. adj. [jinconjultus, Lat.] Heady; rafh; im¬
provident ; imprudent.
It was the fair Zelmane, Plexirtus’s daughter, whom unconfulting attention, unfortunately born to mewards, had made
borrow fo much of her natural modefty, as to leave her more
decent rayments. Sidney.
.Uncontented, adj. Certain; paft difpute.
Unconsd'med. adj. Not watted ; not deftroyed by any waft¬
ing power.
Hope never comes.
That comes to all, but torture without end
Still urges, and a fiery deluge fed
With ever-burning fulphur unconfum'd. Milton s Par. Lojl.
Fixednefs, or a power to remain in the fire unconfumed,
is an idea that always accompanies our complex idea, fignified by the word gold. Locke.
Unconsu'mmate. adj. Not confummated.
Acron came to the fight,
Who left hisfpoufe betroth’d, and unconfummatc night. Dryd.
Unconte/mned. adj. Not defpifed.
Which of the peers
Have uncontemn'd gone by him, or at leaft
Stood not neglected l Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
Uncontented, adj. Not contented; not fatisfied.
Permit me, chief.
To lead this uncontented gift away. Dryden.
UnconteNtingness. n.f. Want of power to fatisfy.
The decreed uncontentingnefs of all other goods, is richly
repaired by its being but an aptnefs to prove a rife to our
love’s fettling in God; . Boyle.
Unconte'stable. adj. Indifputable ; not controvertible.
Where is the man that has uncontejlible evidence of the
truth of all that he holds, or of the fallhood of all he con¬
demns. Locke.
Unconte'sted. adj. Not difputed ; evident.
’Tis by experience uncontejled found,
Bodies orbicular, when whirling round,
Still fhake off all things on their furface plac’d. Blackmore.
Uncontri'te. adj. Not religioufly penitent.
The prieft, by abfolvmg an uncontrite finner, cannot make
him contrite. Hammond’s Practical Catechijm.
UncoNtrove'rted. adj. Not difputed ; not liable to de¬
bate.
One reafon of the uncontroverted certainty of mathematical
fcience is, becaufe ’tis built upon clear and fettled fignifications of names. Glanville.
Uncontrollable, adj.
1. Refiftlefs; powerful beyond oppofition,
Gaza mourns,
And all that band them to refift
His uncontroulable intent. Milton.
2. Indifputable; irrefragable.
The penfion was granted, by reafon of the king of Eng¬
land’s uncontroulable title to England. Hayward.
This makes appear the error of thofe, who think it an
uncontroulable maxim, that power is always fafer lodged in
many hands, than in one; thofe many are as capable of
enflaving as a fingle perfon. Swift.
Uncontrollably, adv.
1. Without poftibility of oppofitioh.
2. Without danger of refutation.
Since this light was to reft within them, and the judgment
of it wholly to remain in themfelves, they might fafely and
uncontroulably pretend it greater or lefs. South.
Uncontroulably, and under general confent, many opinions
are paflant, which, upon due examination, admit of
doubt. Brown's Vulg. Errour*.
Uncontrolled, adj.
1. Unrefifted ; unoppofed ; notto be overruled.
Should I try the uncontrouled worth
Of this pure caufe, ’twould kindle my rap’d fpirits
To fuch a flame of facred vehemence,
That dumb things would be mov’d to fympathize. Adilton\
O’er barren mountains, o’er the flow’ry plain,
Extends thy uncontroul'cl and boundlefs reign. Dryden.
The Britilh navy, uncontroul’d.
Shall wave her double crofs t’ extreme!! clime
Terrific, and return with odorous fpoils. Phillips.
2. Not convinced ; not refuted.
That Julius Caefar was fo born, is an uncontrouled re¬
po^- Hayward.
Uncontro'uledly. adv. Without controul; without oppofition.
Mankind avert killing, and being killed ; but when the
phantafm honour has once poflefled the mind, no reluctance
of humanity is able to make head again!! it; but it com¬
mands uncontrouledly. Decay of Piety.
UnconveLsable. adj. Not fuitable to converfation ; not
focial.
Faith and devotion are traduced and ridiculed, as morofe, unconverfable qualities. Rogers's Sermons.
UnconveLted. adj. Not perfuaded of the truth of chriftianity.
Salvation belongeth unto none, but fuch as call upon the
name of our Lord Jefus Chrift : which nations, as yet uncon¬
verted, neither do, norpoflibly can do, till they believe. Hooker.
The unconverted heathens, who were prefled by the many
authorities that confirmed our Saviour’s miracles, accounted
for them after the fame manner. Addifon on the Chrijl. Relig.
The apoftle reminds the Ephefians of the guilt and mifery
of their former unconverted eftate, when aliens from the com¬
monwealth o! Ifrael. Rogers's Sermons.
Unconvinced, adj. Not convinced.
A way not to be introduced into the feminaries of thofe,
who are to propagate religion, or philofophy, among!! the
ignorant and unconvinced. Locke.
To Uncord, v. a. To loofe a thing bound with cords.
UNcorreLted. adj. Inaccurate ; not poliftied to exadlnefs.
I have written this too haftily and too loofely : it comes
out from the firft draught, and uncorrefted. Dryden.
Uncorru'pt. adj. Hone!!; upright; not tainted with wickednefs ; not influenced by iniquitous intereft.
The pleafures of fin, and this world’s vanities, are cenfured with uncorrupt judgment. Hooker.
Men alledge they can ne’er can find
Thofe beauties in a female mind.
Which raife a flame that will endure,
For ever uncorrupt and pure. Swift.
UncorruLted. adj. Not vitiated ; not depraved.
Such a hero never fprings.
But from the uncorrupcd blood of kings. Rofcommon.
Man, yet new,
No rule but itncorrUpted reafon knew, C
And with a native bent did good purftie. Dryden. j
Nothing is more valuable than the records of antiquity : I
wifh we had more of them, aed more uncorrupted. Locke.
Uncorru'ptnEss. n.f. Integrity; uprightnefs.
In doctrine, fhew uncorruptnefs, gravity, fincerity. Tit. ii. n.
To Unco'Ver. v. a.
I. To divert of a covering.
After you are up, uncover your bed, and open the cur¬
tains to air it. ' Harvey,
Seeing an object feveral millions of leagues, the very inftant
it is uncovered, may be fhewn to be a miftake in matter of
fa6L Locke.
2. To deprive of cloaths.
Thou wert better in thy grave, than to anfwer, with thy
uncovered body, this extremity of the fkies. Shakefp. K Lear
3. To ftrip of the roof.
Porches and fchools.
Uncover'd, and with fcaft'olds cumber’d flood. Prior.
4. To !hew openly ; to ftrip of a veil, or concealment.
He Cover’d ; but his robe
Uncover'd more : fo rofe the Danite ftronoShorn of his ftrength. Milton's Par. Lojl.
There will ceitainly come fome day or other, to uncovef
every foul of us. popps Letters.
5. To bare the head, as in the prefence of a fuperiour.
Rather let my head dance on a bloody pole,
Than ftand uncover'd to the vulgar groom. Shakefp,
4 Unc«vs*-
/
U N C U N C
Unco'unsELLAblf. adj. Not to be advifed.
It would have been uncounfellable to have march’d to
any diftance, and have left fuch an enemy at their backs.
Clarendon.
Uncountable, adj. Innumerable.
Thofe uncountable, glorious bodies, were not fct in the
firmament for no other end than to adorn it. Raleigh.
Uncounterfeit. adj. Genuine; not fpurious.
True zeal is not anyone fingle affe&ion of the foul, but
a ftlong mixture of many holy affections, filling the heart
with all pious intentions ; all, not only uncounterfeit, but
moft fervent. Sprat s Sermons,
To Uncouple; v. a. To loofe dogs from their couples.
Uncouple in the weftern valley, go ;
Difpatch, I fay, and find the forefter. Shakfp.
The hunt is up, the morn is bright and gray ;
The fields are fragrant, and the woods are green ;
Uncouple here, and let us make a bay. Shakefp.
The land on which they fought, th’ appointed place,
In which th’ uncoupled hounds began the chace.^ Drydcn.
Unco/URTEoUS. adj. Uncivil’; unpolite.
In behaviour fome will fay, ever fad, furely fober, and
fomewhat given to mufing, but never uncourteous. Sidney.
Unco urteously. adv. Uncivilly; unpolitely.
Though fomewhat merrily, yet uncourteoufy he railed
upon England, objecting extreme beggary, and mere barbaroufnels unto it. Afcham's Schoolmajler.
Unco/urtliness, n. f. Unfuitablenefs of manners to a court;
inelegance.
The quakers prefented an addrefs, which, notwithftanding
the uncourtlincfs of their phrafes, the fenfe was very
honeft. Addifon. •
Unco'Yrtly. adj. Inelegant of manners; uncivil.
The lord treafurer not entering into thofe refinements of
paying the publick money upon private confiderations, hath
been fo uncourtly as to flop it. Swift.
Unco'uth. adj. [uncu^, Saxon.] Odd; ftrange; unufual.
A very uncouth fight was to behold,
How he did fafhion his untoward pace ;
For as he forward mov’d his footing old.
So backward Hill was turn’d his wrinkled face. Fairy^ueen.
The lovers Handing in this doleful wife,
A warrior bold unwares approached near.
Uncouth in arms yclad, and flrange difguife. Fairfax.
I am furprized with an uncouth fear ;
A chilling fweat o’erruns my trembling joints ;
My heart fufpeSis more than mine eye can fee. Shakefp.
The trouble of thy thoughts this night
Affedls me equally; nor can I like
This uncouth dream, of evil fprung, I fear. Milton.
Say on ;
For I that day was abfent, as befel.
Bound on a voyage uncouth, and obfcure,
Far on excurfion toward the gates of hell. Milton.
It was fo uncouth a fight, for a fox to appear without a tail,
that the very thought made him weary of his life. L’Ejlrange.
The fecret ceremonies I conceal,
Uncouth, perhaps unlawful to reveal. Dryden.
I am more in danger to mifunderfland his true meaning,
than if 1 had come to him with a mind unpofleffed by
dodlors of my fedl, whole reafonings will of courfe make
all chime that way, and make the genuine meaning of the
author feem harfh, flrained, and uncouth to me. Locke.
He made that a pleafant fludy, which, in the hands of
Bartolus and Baldus, was uncouth and rugged. Baker.
Uncc/uthly. adv. Oddly; flrangely.
Venetians do not more uncouthly ride,
Than did their lubber Hate mankind beflride. Dryden.
Unco/uthness. n.f Oddnefs ; flrangenefs.
To deny himfelf in the leffer inflances, that fo when the
greater come, they may not have the difadvantage of uneouthnefs, and perfedl flrangenefs, to enhance their difficulty,
mufl be acknowledged reafonable. Decay ofPiety.
To Uncrea'te. v. a. To annihilate ; to reduce to nothing;
to deprive of exiflence.
Who created thee, lamenting learn ;
Who can uncrcate thee thou fhalt know. Milton.
Light dies before her uncreating word.
Thus at her felt approach, and fecret might,
Art after art goes out, and all is night. Pope's Dunciad.
Unc rea'ted. adj«
1. Not yet created.
How haft thou diflurb’d
Heav’n’s bleffed peace, and into nature brought
Mifery, uncreated till the crime
Of thy ^ iebellion ? Alilton.
2. [ Incrce, I* r. | Not produced by creation.
What caufe within, or what without is found,
J hat can 3 being uncreated bound ? Blackmore.
T he next paragraph proves, that the idea we have of
God is God himtelf; it being fomething, as he fa)s, un¬
created. Locke,
UncreTitaeleness. n.f Want of reputation.
'Fo all other diffwafives, we may add this of the uncreditablcncfs: the beft that can be faid is, that they ufe wit
foolifhly, whereofthe one part devours the other. Dec. ofPiety.
UncroTped. adj. Not cropped; not gathered.
Thy abundance wants
Partakers, and uncropp'd falls to the ground. Milton.
Uncrossed, adj. Uncancelled.
Such gain the cap of him, that makes them fine.
Yet keeps his book unerofs'd. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Uncro'uded. adj. Not ftraitened by want of room.
An amphitheatre,
On its publick fhows, unpeopled Rome,
And held uncrouded nations in its womb. Addifon.
To Uncro^wn. v. a. To deprive of a crown; to deprive of
fovereignty.
He hath done me wrong ;
And therefore I’ll uncrown him ere’t be long. Shakefp.
Ye pow’rs !
See a facred king uncrown'd;
See your offspring, Albion, bound. Dryden's Albion.
U'nction. n f [undiion, Fr.j
1. The a£l of anointing.
The undiion of the tabernacle, the table, the laver, the
altar of God, with all the inflruments appertaining thereunto,
made them for ever holy. Hooker, b. V. f. 20.
2. Unguent; ointment.
The king himfelf the facred undiion made ;
As king by office, and as prieft by trade. Dryden.
3. The a£l of anointing medically.
Such as are of hot conftitutions, fhould ufe bathing in
hot water,. rather than undiions. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
4. Any thing foftening, or lenitive.
Mother,
Lay not that flattering, undiion to your foul.
That not your trelpafs, but my madnefs fpeaks. Shakefp.
5. The rite of anointing in the laft hours.
Their extreme undiion, adminiftered as the dying man’s
viaticum, which St. James mentioned as the ceremony of his
recovery, may be added. Plam?nond's Fundamentals.
6. Any thing that excites piety and devotion.
Unctuo'sity. n.f. [from undiuous.j Fatnefs; oilinefs.
Fuliginous exhalations contain an undtuofity in them, and
arife from the matter of fuel. Brown's Vulgar Errours,
U'nctuous. adj. Fat; clammy; oily.”
Dry up thy harrow’d veins, and plough-torn leas.
Whereof ingrateful man, with liqii’rifh draughts.
And morfels undiuous, greafes his. pure mind,
That from it all confideration flips. Shakefpeare
A wand’ring fire,
Compadl of undiuous vapour, which the night
Condenfes, and the cold environs round.
Kindled through agitation to a flame. Milton's Par. Lojl:
The trees were undiuous fir, and mountain afh. Dryden.
Whether they undiuous exhalations are.
Fir’d by the fun, or feemfng fo alone. Dryden.
Th’ infernal winds.
Dilating, and with undiuous vapour fed,
Difdain’d their narrow cells. Philips.
Camphire, oil-olive, linfeed-oil, fpirit of turpentine, and
amber, are fat, fulphureous, undiuous bodies. Newton.
UT'Ctuousness. n.f. Fatnefs; oilinefs; clamminefs; greafinefs.
A great degree of undtuoufnefs is not neceiiary to the produdlion of the like effedls. Boyle.
Ltncu'llf.d. adj. Not gathered.
A fweaty reaper from his tillage brought
Firft fruits, the green ear, and the yellow fheaf,
Uncull'd, as came to hand. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Uncu'lpable. adj. Not blamable.
Thofe canons do bind, as they are edidls of nature ; which
the Jews obferving as yet unwritten, and thereby framing
fuch church orders, as in their law were not preferibed, are
notwithftanding in that refpedl unculpable. Hooker.
Uncu'ckolded. adj. Not made a cuckold.
As it is a heart-breaking to fee a handfome man loofewiv d, fo it is a deadly forrow to behold a foul knave un¬
cuckolded. Shakejp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Uncu ltivated. adj. [incultus, Lat.]
1. Not cultivated ; not improved by tillage.
Our ifle, indeed, too fruitful was before;
But all uncultivated lay,
Out of the folar walk. Dryden.
God gave the world to men in common ; but fince he
gave it for their benefit, it cannot be fuppoled he meant it
lhould always remain common and uncultivated. Locke.
2. Not inftrudted ; not civilized.
The firft tragedians found that ferious ftile
Too grave for their uncultivated age. Rofcommcn,
Thefe are inflances of nations, where uncultivated nature
has been left to itfelf, without the help of letters. Locke.
Uncu'mbered. adj. Not burthened ; not embarraffed.
Lord of yourfelf, uncumber'd with a wife. Dryden.
Un-
U N D
Unci/rbable. adj. That cannot be curbed, or checked.
So much uncurbable her garboiles, Caefar,
Made out of her impatience, which not wanted
Shrewdncfs of policy. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
UnciYrbed. adj. Licentious; not retrained.
With frank, and with uncurbed plainnefs
Tell us the Dauphin’s mind. Shakefp. Hen. V.
ToUncu rl. v. a. To loofe from ringlets, or convolutions.
There (lands a rock ; the raging billows roar
*• Above his head in ftorms ; but when ’tis clear
Jjmurl theii ridgy backs, and at his feet appear. Dryden.
T he lion s foe lies proftrate on the plain.
He (heaths his paws, uncurls his angry mane ;
And, pleas d with bloodlefs honours of the day,
\\ alks over, and difdains th’ inglorious prey. Dryden.
1 he furies link upon their iron beds,
And lnakes uncurl'd hang lift’ning round their heads. Pope.
To Uncu'kl. v. n. To fall from the ringlets.
My fleece of woolly hair now uncurls,
Even as an adder, when (he doth unrowl
To do iome fatal execution ? Shakefp. Titus Andronicus.
Uncu'rled. adj. Not collected into ringlets.
Alike in feature both, and garb appear ;
With honed faces, though uncurled hair. Dryden.
But fince, alas ! frail beauty muft decay ;
Curl’d or uncurl'd, fince locks will turn to grey;
What then remains, but well our pow’r to ufe.
And keep good humour dill, whate’er we lofe ? Pope.
Uxcu rrent. adj. Not current; not palling in common pay¬
ment.
Your voice, like a piece of uncurrent gold, is not crack’d
within the ring. Shakefp. Hamlet.
I can no other anfwer make but thanks ;
And thanks, and ever thanks : and oft good turns
Are (huffied off with fuch uncurrent pay. Shakefpearel
To Uncu rse, v. a. To free from any execration.
XJncurJe their fouls; their peace is made
With head, and not with hands. Shakefp. Richard IL
Uncc'rst. adj. Not execrated.
Sir John Hotham unreproached, unthreatened, uncurfed by
any language or fecret imprecation of mine, not long after
pays his own and his eldeft Ton’s heads. K. Charles.
Heav’n fure has kept this fpot of earth uncwjl,
To (hew how all things were created firft. * Waller.
Uncu't. adj. Not cut.
We muft refign ! heav’n his great foul doth claim.
In ftorms as loud as his immortal fame :
His dying groans, his laft breath (hake our ifle.
And trees uncut fall for his fun’ral pile. Waller
ToUNDA'M.v.ff. Toopen; to free from the reftraint ofmounds.
When the fiery funs too fiercely play.
And (hrivell’d herbs on with’ring Hems decay;
The wary ploughman on the mountain’s brow.
Undamns his watry ftores. Dryden's Georgicks.
Undamaged, adj. Not made worfe ; not impaired.
Plants will frequent changes try,
Undamag’d, and their marriageable arms
Conjoin with others. Philips.
Undaunted, adj. Unfubdued by fear; not depreffed.
Bring forth men children only ;
For thy undaunted metal (hould compofe
Nothing but males. Shakefp. Macbeth.
With him went
Harman, who did the twice fir’d Harry fave,»
And in his burning (hip undaunted fought. Dryden.
Mirror of antient faith in early youth !
Undaunted worth, inviolable truth !
No foe unpunifh’d in the fighting field.
Shall dare thee. Dryden.
UndaYntedness. n.f Boldnefs; bravery; intrepidity.
Luther took up a brifker air of affurance, and (hewed a
particular undauntednefs in the caufe of truth, when it had
• fo mighty an oppofer. Atterbury.
The art of war, which they admired in him, and his un¬
dauntednefs under dangers, were fuch virtues as thefe iflanders
were not ufed to. Pope.
Unda'untedlv. adv. Boldly; intrepidly; without fear.
It (hall bid his foul go out of his body undauntedly, and lift
up its head with confidence, before faints and angels. South.
Unda'zzled. adj. Not dimmed, or confufed by fplendour.
Here matter new to gaze the devil met
Undazzled. Milton's Par. Lojl. b. iii. /. 614.
' As undazzled and untroubled eyes, as eagles can be fuppofed to caff on glow-worms, when they have been newly
gazing on the fun. Boyle.
To Unde'af. v. a. To free from deafnefs.
Though Richard my life’s counfel would not hear,
My death’s fad tale may yet undeaf his ear. Shakefp.
UndebaYched. adj. Not corrupted by debauchery.
When the world was buckfome, frefh and young.
Her fons were undebauch'd, and therefore ftrong. Dryden.
U N D
Undecagon, n. f. [from undecim, Lat. arid ywlXy Gr.l A
figure of eleven angles or fides.
Undeca'ying. adj. Not fuffering diminution or declenfion.
The fragrant myrtle, and the juicy vine,
Their parents undecaying (Length declare,
Which with frefh labour, and unweary’d care.
Supplies new plants. Blackmore or, the Creation-.
UndecaYed. adj. Not liable to be dimindhed, or im¬
paired.
How fierce in fight, with courage undecay'd!
Judge if fuch warriors want immortal aid. Dryden*
It in the melancholy (hades below.
The flames of friends and lovers ceafe to glow ;
Yet mine (hall facred laft; mine undecay d
Burn on through life, and animate my (hade. sPoPe.
To Undece'ive. v. a. To fet free from the influence of a
fallacy.
All men will try, and hope to write as well.
And, not without much pains, be undeceiv’d. Rofcommon*
My mufe enraged, from her urn,
Like ghofts of murder’d bodies does return
1 ’ accufe the murderers, to right theftage,
And undeceive the long-abufed age. Denham.
So far as truth gets ground in the world, fo far fin lofes it.
Chrift faves the world by undeceiving it. South.
Our coming judgments do in part undeceive us, and redfffy
the groffer errors. . GlanvilU.
Undece ivable. adj. Not liable to deceive.
It feiv es for more certain computation, by how miich it
is a larger and more comprehenfive period, and under a more
undeceivable calculation. Holder on Time.
Undeceived, adj. Not cheated; not impofed on.
All of a tenour was their after life ;
No day difcolour’d with domeftick ftrife :
No jealoufy, but mutual truth believ’d ;
Secure repofe, and kindnefs undeceiv'd. Dryden.
Undeci'ded. adj. Not determined ; not fettled.
For one thing, which we have left to the order of the
church, they had twenty which were undecided by the exprefs
word of God Hnt
i o whofe mufe we owe that fort of verfe,
Is undecided by the men of (kill. Rofcommon.
Ariltotle has left undecided the duration of the action. Dryd.
When two adverfe winds engage with horrid iliock.
Levying their equal force with utmoft rage.
Long undecided lads the airy ftrife. ° Philips.
ToUnde'ck. v. a. To deprive of ornaments.
I find myfelf a traitor ;
Fori have given here my foul’s confent,
T’ undeck the pompous body of a king. Shakefpeare.
UndeYked. adj. Not adorned ; not embellifhed.
Eve was undeck'd, fave with herfelf. Milton's Par Loft
Undecisive, adj. Not decifive ; not conclufive. ’ J *
Two nations differing about the antiquity of their lan^
guage, made appeal to an undecifive experiment, when they
agreed upon the trial of a child brought up amon<r the wild
inhabitants of the defert. G'.anville*
Undeclened adj.
1. 'Not grammatically varied by termination.
2. Not deviating ; not turned from the right way.
In his track my wary feet have ftept;
His undeclined ways precifely kept. Sandy's Paraphafe
UndeYicated. adj. r J
1. Not confecrated; not devoted. 1
2. Not inferibed to a patron.
I (hould let this book come forth undedicated, were it not
that I look upon this dedication as a duty. Boyle
UndeeYed. adj. Not fignalized by adlion.
My fword, with an unbatter’d edge,
I (heath again undeeded. . Shakefp. Macbeth.
UndefaYed. adj. Not deprived of its form ; not disfio-ured.
Thofe arms, which for nine centuries had brav’d°
The wrath of time on antick done engrav’d ;
Now torn by mortars, (land yet undefac'dy
On nobler trophies by thy valour rais’d. Granville.
Undefe'asible. adj. Not defeafible; not to be vacated or
annulled.
Undefined, adj. Not polluted ; not vitiated; not corrupted.
Virtue weareth a crown for ever, having gotten the
vidtory, driving for undefiled rewards. Wifdom iv.
Whofe bed is undefil'd, and chafte, pronounc d. Milton
Her Arethufian ftream remains unfoil’d.
Unmix’d with foreign filth, and undefil'd;
Her wit was more than man, her innocence a child. Dryden
Undefined, adj. Not circumfcribed, or explained bv a de¬
finition. }
There is no fuch way to give defence to abfurd doftrines,
as to guard them round with legions of obfeure, doubtful,
undefined words. Loc/^
U ndefi nable. adj. Not to be marked out, or circumfcribed
by a definition.
29 M
%
That
u k D
That which is indefinite, though it hath bounds, as not
being infinite, yet thofe bounds to us are undefinable. Grew.
Why fimple ideas are undefinable is, that the feverai terms
of a definition, fignifying feverai ideas, they can a , y no
means, reprefent an idea, which has no compoltl^^
^11 ^
Undefo'rmed. ad}. Not deformed ; not disfigured.
The fight of fo many gallant fellows, with all the: pomp
and glare of war, yet undeform'd by battles, may poflibly^ in¬
vite your curiofity. ^ ^ *
Undefined. adj. Not fet at defiance ; not challenged.
Falfe traitor, thou broken halt
The law of arms, to ftrike foe vndefied;
But thou thy treafon’s fruit, I hope, fhalt talte
Riaht four/and feel the law, the which thou haft de-
& fac’d Fairy £hteen, b. II. c. vm. ft- 31 •
' Tarifa
Changed a blunt cane for a fteel-pointed dart,
And meeting Ozmyn next.
Who wanting time for treafon to provide,
He bafely threw it at him, undefy d. Dryden.
Undeli'beraTed. adj. Not carefully confidered.
The prince’s undeliberated throwing himfelf into that en¬
gagement, tranfported him with paffion. Clarendon.
tjNDELFGHTED. adj. Not pleafed ; not touched with pleaf“re- The fiend
Saw undelightcd all delight •, all kind a
Of living creatures, new to fight. Milton s Par. Lojt.
Undeli'ghtful- adj. Not giving pleafure. _
He could not think of involving himfelf in the fame unde¬
lightful condition of life. Clarendon.
Undemo'lished. adj. Not razed ; not thrown down.
She undemolifi) d flood, and ev n till now
Perhaps had flood. - n lPs‘
They Hood by, and fuffered Dunkirk to lie undemolijbed. . . c .. ., ^wifi.
Undemo/nstr ABLE. adj. Not capable of fuller evidence. .
Out of the precepts of the law of nature, as or certain,
common, and undemonjlrable principles, man s reafon doth
neceftarily proceed unto certain more particular determina¬
tions : which particular determinations being found out ac¬
cording unto the reafon of man, they have the names of hui J. JLooficym
man laws. .
Undeniable, adj. Such as cannot be gainiaid. . .
That age which my grey hairs make feem more than it is,
hath not diminilhed in me the power to protect an undeniable
Sidney.
^Of’thofe of the fecond clafs, we have a plain and unde¬
niable certainty. Woodward's Natural Hijlory.
Undeniably, adv. So plainly, as to admit no contra¬
diction. , , , . ,
This account was differently related by the antients ; that
is, undeniably rejected by the moderns. Brown's Fulg. Errours.
I o-rant that nature all poets ought to ftudy : but then this
alfo undeniably follows, that thofe things which delight all
ages, mull have been an imitation of nature. Dryden.
Undeplo'red. adj. Notlamented.
Rife, wretched widow ! rife ; nor undeplor d
Permit my ghoft to pafs the Stygian ford ; (“
i But rife prepar’d to mourn thy penlh’d lord. Dryden. )
Undepra'ved. adj. Not corrupted.
Knowledge dwelt in our undepraved natures, as light in
the lun ; it is now hidden in us like fparks in a flint. Glanville.
UndepriVed. adj. Not divefted by authority; not ftripped
of any pofleflion. „ _ . . n ,
He, undepriv'd, his benefice forfook. Dryden.
U'nder. prepofition. [undar, Gothick; unbeji, Saxon; onder,
Dutch.]
j. In a ftate of fubjedion to.
When o-ood Saturn, bamlh d from above,
Was driven to hell, the world was under Jove, Dryden.
Every man is put under a neceffity, by his conftitution, as
an intelligent being, - to be determined by his own judgment,
what is heft for him to do ; elfe he would be under the de¬
termination of fome other than himfelf, which is want of
Locke. liberty.
%. In the ftate of pupillage to.
To thofe that live
Under thy care, good rules and patterns give. Denham.
The princes refpeded Helim, and made luch improvements
under him, that they were inftruded in learning. Guardian,
o. Beneath ; fo as to be covered, or hidden.
Fruit put in bottles, and the bottles let down into wells
under water, will keep long. Bacon s Nat, Hijt.
If it flood always under this form, it would have been
under fire, if it had not been under water. Burnet.
Thy bees lodge under covert of the wind. Dryden.
Many a good poetick vein is buried under a trade, and
never produces any thing for want of improvement. Lock*.
U N D
4. Belotv in place ; not above. T his is the fenfe of under fail}
that is, having the fails fpread aloft.
As they went underfail by him, they held up their hands
and made their prayers. Sidney.
By that fire that burn’d the Carthage queen,
When the falfe Trojan under fail was leen. Shakejpeare.
Milleltoe hath been found to put forth under the boughs,
and not only above the boughs ; fo it cannot oe any thing
that falleth upon the bough. Bacon s Nat. Hift.
Be gather’d now, ye waters, under heav’n. Milton.
5. In a lefs degree than.
Medicines take effed fometimes under> and fometimes
above, the natural proportion of their virtue. Hooker.
If you write in your ftrength, you {land revealed at firft ;
and fhould you write under it, you cannot avoid fome pecu¬
liar graces. Dryden s Dedication to Juvenal.
6. For lefs than.
We are thrifty enough not to part with any thing ferviceable to our bodies, under a good confideration ; but make
little account of what is moft beneficial to our fouls. Ray.
7. Lefs than ; below. ,
Man, once fallen, was nothing but a total pollution, and
not to be reformed by any thing under a new creation. South.
Thefe men of forehead love to infure a caufe, and feldom
talk under certainty and demonftration. Collier on Confidence.
There are feverai hundred parifhes in England under
twenty pounds a year, and many under ten. Swift.
$. By the {how of.
That which fpites me more than all the wants,^
He does it under name of perfed love. Shakefpedre.
’Tis hard to bind any fyllogifm fo clofe upon the mind,
as not to be evaded under fome plaulible diftindion. Baker.
9. With lefs than. . . ..
Several young men could never leave the pulpit under halt
a dozen conceits. Swift.
10. In the ftate of inferiority to ; noting rank or order of precedence.
It was too great an honour for any man under a
duke. Addifon’s Spectator, N( 122.
V. •
1
11. In a ftate of being loaded with.
He {hall but bear them, as the afs bears gold.
To groan and fweat under the bufinefs. Shakefpeare.
He holds the people
Of no more foul, nor fitnefs for the world,
Than camels in their war; who have their provender
Only for bearing burthens, and fore blows
For finking under them. Shakefp. Coriclanus.
12. In a ftate of opprefiion by, or fubjedion to.
After all, they have not been able to give any confiderable
comfort to the mind, under any of the great preflures of
Tillotfons Sermons.
At any rate we defire to be rid of the prefent evil, which
we are apt to think nothing abfent can equal; becaufe, under
the prefent pain, we find not ourfelves capable of any, the
leaft degree of happinefs. Locke.
Women and childen did not fhew the leaft figns of com¬
plaint, under the extremity of torture. _ Collier.
Illuftrious parent! now fome token give.
That I may Clymene’s proud boaft believe.
Nor longer under falfe reproaches grieve. Addifm.
17. In a ftate in which one is feized or overborn.
The prince and princefs muft be under no lefs amaze¬
ment. . . Pope's Letters.
14. In a ftate of being liable to, or limited by.
That which we move for our better inftrudien s fake,
turneth unto choler in them ; they anfwer fumingly. Yet
in this their mood, they call forth fomewhat, wherewith,
under pain of greater difpleafure, we muft reft contented. Hooker.
The greate part of mankind is flow of apprehenfion ; and
therefore, in many cafes, under a neceflity of feeing with
other men’s eyes. South s Sermons.
A generation fprung up amongft us, that flattered princes
that they have a divine right to abfolute power, let the
laws and conditions under which they enter upon their autho¬
rity, be what they will. Locke.
It is not ftrange to find a country half unpeopled, where
fo great a proportion of both fexes is tied, under fuch vows
of chaftity. Addifons Remarks on Italy.
Things of another world are under the difadvantage ot
being diftant, and therefore operate but faintly. Atterbury.
15. In a ftate of depreflion, or dejedion by.
There is none but he,
Whofe being I do fear; and, under him.
My genius is rebuk’d, as Antony’s was by Csfar. ,a eJP'
16. In the ftate of bearing, or being known by.
This fadion, under ^the name of Puritan, became very
turbulent, during the reign ot Elizabeth. .J*.'
The raifing of filver coin, has been only by coining it
with lefs filver in it, under the fame denomination. Locke.
17. In the ftate of.
If
U N D
tf tliey can fueceed without blood, as under the prelent
difpofition of things, it is very poflrble they may, it is to be
hoped they will be fatisfied. •
l8. Not having reached or arrived to ; noting time.
Three ions he dying left under age ;
By means whereof, their uncle Vortigern
Ufurp’d the throne during their pupillage. Fairy Queeh.
iq. Reprefented by. . _ . ,
Morpheus is reprefented by the antient ftatuaries under the
figure of a boy afleep, with a bundle of poppy in his
hand. .
20. In a ftate of prote£liort.
Under favour, there are other materials for a common¬
wealth, befides ftark love and kindnefs. Collier.
With refpeft to. t
Mr. Duke may be mentioned under the double capacity or
a poet and a divine. Felton on the Clajftcks.
42. Attefted by. . .. ,
Cato major, who had with great reputation borne all tne
great offices of the commonwealth, has left us an evidence,
under his own hand, how much he was verfed in country
affairs. Locke on Education.
23. Subje£led to ; being the fubjetft of. 4
To deferibe the revolutions of nature* will require a Heady
eye; efpecially fo to connect the parts, and prefent them al
under one view. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Memory is the florehoufe of our ideas. For the narrow
mind of man, not being capable of having many ideas under
view at once, it was neceflary to have a repoiitory to lay
1 Locke.
them up. n •
The thing under proof is not capable of demonltration,
and muft be fubmitted to the trial of probabilities. Locke.
Diftinbt conceptions, that anfwer their verbal diftindtions,
ferve to clear any thing in the fubjeft under confideration. Loc e.
I rather fufpebt my own judgment, than believe a fault to
be in that poem, which lay fo long under Virgil’s correction,
and had his laft hand put to it. Addijon.
2±. In the next ftage of fubordination.
This is the only fafe guard, under the fpirit of God, that
diftated thefe facred writings, that can be relied on. Locke.
25. In a ftate of relation that claims proteaion.
U'NDER. adv.
1. In a ftate of fubjeaion. _ . c v a
Ye purpofe to keep under the children of Judah for bondmen and bond-women. 2 Chron. xxviii. 10.
2. Lefs : oppofed to over or more. .
He kept the main ftock without alteration, under or
over< Addifon's Spectator, 264.
7. It has a fignification refembling that of an adje&ive ; mferiour; fubjea; fubordinate. But, perhaps, in this feme it
Ihould be confidered as united to the following word.
I will fight
Againft my canker’d country with the fpleen
Of all the under fiends. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
4. It is much ufed in compofition, in feveral fenfes, which the
following examples will explain.
Undera'ction. n. f Subordinate a£hon j aftion not eilential to the main ftory. . .
The leaft epifodes, or underactions, interwoven in it, are
parts neceflary, or convenient to carry on the main delign.Dryd.
To Underbea/r. v. a. {under and bear.]
I. To fupport; to endure.-
What reverence he did throw away on Haves i
Wooing poor craftfmen with the craft of fmiles,
And patient underbearing of his fortune. Shakefpeare.
2 To line ; to guard. Out of ufe.
The dutchefs of Milan’s gown ; not like your cloth of gold,
fet with pearls, down-fleeves, flde-fleeves, and fkirts round,
underborne with a bluifti tinfel. Shakefp. Much Ado about Noth.
UnderBea'rEr. n. f. [under and bearer.] In funerals, thofe
that fuftain the weight of the body, diftinft from thole who
are bearers of ceremony, and only hold up the pall.
To Underbid, v.a. [under and bid.] fo offer for any
thing lefs than it is worth. , ,.
Undercle'rk. n.f [under and clerk.] A clerk fubordinate
to the principal clerk.
Coleby, one of his under-fwearers, was tried lor robbing
the treafury, where he was an underclerk. Swift.
To Underdo', v. n. [under and do.]
1. To a& below ones abilities.
You overall, when you fhould underdo ;
A little call yourfelf again, and think. B. Johnfon.
2. To do lefs than is requifite
Nature much oftener overdoes than underdoes: You lhall
find twenty e^gs with two yolks, for one that hath none. Grew.
UndeRFa'cTIoN. n.f [under and faction. J Subordnate fac¬
tion ; fubdivifion ot a fa<ftion. . ^ rT).
Chriftianity lofes by contefts of underfactions. Decay ofPiety.
Underfe'lloW. n.f [under and,fellow.] A mean man j a
forry wretch.
U N D
They tarried him to a houfe of a principal officer, whd
with no more civility, though with much more bulinefs than
thofe underfellows had fhewed, in captious manner put inter¬
rogatories unto him. Sidney.
Underfalling, n.f. [under and fill.] Lower part of an
edifice.
T6 found our habitation firmly, nrlt examine the bed of
earth upon which we will build, and then the underfillings,
or fubfti uaion, as the antients called it. IVotton's Architecture.
To Underfo'ng. v. a [under and panjan, Saxon.] T. otake
in hand.
Thou, Menalcas, that by thy treachery
Didft underfong my lady to wexe fo light, .
Shouldft well be known for fuch thy villainy. Spenjer.
To Underf'urnish. v. a. [under and furnifo.] To fupply
with lefs than enough. _ run
Can we fuppofe God would underfurnijh man for the ltate
he defigned him, and not afford him a foul large enough to
purfue his happinefs ? Collier on Kmdnejs.
To Undergi'rd. v.a. [under and gird.] To bind below ; to
round the bottom. .
When they had taken it up, they ufed helps, undergirding
the (hip. ACisxxvn. 17.
To Undergo, v.a. [under and go.]
1. To fuffer ; to fuftain ; to endure evil.
With mind averfe, he rather underwent
His people’s will, than gave his own confent. Dryden.
2. To fupport; to hazard. Not in ufe.
I have mov’d certain Romans,
To undergo with me, an enterprize
Of honourable, dang’rous confequence. Shakefpeare.
Such they were, who might prefume t’ have done
Much for the king, and honour of the ftate.
Having the chiefeft a&ions undergone. Daniel's Civil War.
3. To fuftain; to be the bearer of; to poffefs. Not in ufe.
Their virtues elfe, be they as pure as grace ;
As infinite as man may undergo;
Shall, in the general cenfure, take corruption
From that particular fault. Shakefpeare s Liamlet.
4. To fuftain ; to endure without fainting.
It rais’d in me
An undergoing ftomach, to bear up
Againft what fhould enfue. Shakefp. Tempefti
5. To pafs through.
I carried on my enquiriess to try whether this rifing world,
when finifh’d, would continue always the fame; or what
changes it would fucceffively undergo, by the continued
adtion of the fame caufes. Burnet's Theory of tho Earth.
Bread put into the ftomach of a dying man, will vhdergo
the alteration that is merely the efte£t of heat. Arbuthnot.
6. To be fubje<5t to. #
Claudio undergoes my challenge, and either I muft fhortly
hear from him, or I will fubferibe him a coward. Shakefp.
Underground, n.f. [under and ground.] Subterraneous
fpace.
They have promifed to fhew your highnefs
A fpirit rais’d from depth of underground. Shakefp.
Wafh’d by ftreams
From underground, the liquid ore he drains
Into fit molds prepared. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Undergro'wth. n. f. [under and growth.] That which grows
under the tall wood.
So thick entwin’d,
As one continued brake, the undergrowth
Of fhrubs, and tangling bufhes, had perplex d
All path of man, or beaft, that pafs d that way. Milt&n.
Underha'nd. adv. [under and hand.]
j. By means not apparent; fecretly.
Thefe multiplied petitions of worldly things in prayer*
have, befides their diredb ufe, a fervice, whereby the church
underhand, through a kind of heavenly fraud, taketh there¬
with the fouls of men, as with certain baits. Hooker.
2. Clandeftinely; with fraudulent fecrecy.
She underhand dealt with the principal men ofthat country,
that they fhould perfuade the king to make Plangus his
aflociate. Sidney.
They, by their precedents of wit,
T’ out-faft, out-loiter, and out-fit,
Can order matters underhand,
To put all bufinefs to a ftand. Hudibras.
It looks, as if I had defired him underhand to write fo ill
againft me ; but I have not brib’d him to do me ttys
fervice. , Dryden.
Such mean revenge, committed underhand,
Has ruin’d many an acre of good land. Dryden.
Wood is ftill working underhand to force his halfpence
upon us. Swift.
I’ll haften to my Roman foldiers,
Inflame the mutiny, and underhand
Blow up their difeontents. Addifon's Cato.
U'nder2
u N D
Underha'nd. adj. Secret; clandeftine; fly.
I had notice of my brother’s purpofe, and have, by under¬
hand means, laboured to difluade him. Sbakefpeare.
I fhould take it as a very great favour from fome of my
underhand detradlors, if they would break all meafures with
me* Addifon's Spectator, N°. 262.
Underlabourer, n.f \under and labourer.] A lubordinate
workman.
About the carriage of one ftone for Amafis, the diftance
of twenty days journey, for three years were employed two
thoufand chofen men, governors, befides many underla¬
bourers. Wilkins's Mathematical Magick.
Underused, adj. [from derived.'] Not borrowed.
The ideas it is bufied about fhould be, fometimes at Ieaft,
thofe more congenial ones, which it had in itfelf, underived
from the body. Locke.
To Underla'y. v.a, {under and lay.] To ffxengthen by fomething laid under.
O
UnderleAf. n.f. [under and leaf] A fpecies of apple. See
Apple.
The underleaf, whofe cyder is beft at two years, is a
plentiful bearer. Mortimers Art of Hufbandry.
To Underline, v.a. {under and line.] To mark with lines
below the words.
By meer chance in appearance, though underlined with a
providence, they had a full fight of the infanta. Wotton.
Underling, n.f, [from under.] An inferiour agent; a forry,
mean fellow.
The great men, by ambition never fatisfied, grew factious ;
and the underlings, glad indeed to be underlings to them they
hated leaf!:, to preferve them from fuch they hated molt. Sidney.
Hereby the heads of the Septs are made ftronger, whom
it fhould be a moft fpecial policy to weaken, and to fet up
and ftrengthen divers of their underlings againft them. Spenfer.
The fault is not in our ftars,
But in ourfelves, that we are underlings. Shakefp.
O’er all his brethren he fhall reign as king,
Yet every one fhall make him underling. Milton.
They may print this letter, if the underlings at the poftoffice take a copy of it. p0pe and Swift.
A fort of underling auxiliars to the difficulty of a work,
arc commentators and cnticks, who frighten many by their
number and bulk.
To Underm/ne. v. a. {under and mine.]
1. To dig cavities under any thing, fo that it may fall, or be
blown up ; to fap.
Though the foundation on a rock were laid,
1 he church was undermin'd and then betray’d. Denham.
An injudicious endeavour to exalt Virgil, is much the fame,
as if one fhould think to raife the fiipeiftrucSture by undermining
the foundation. Pope's Preface to the Iliad.
2. To excavate under.
A vaft rock undermin'd from one end to the other, and a
highway running through it, as long and as broad as the %
nia^- _ Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
3. To injure by clandeftine means.
Making the king’s fword ftrike whom they hated, the
king’s purfe reward whom they loved ; and, which is worft
of all, making the royal countenance ferve to undermine the
royal fovereignty.
They,, knowing Eleanor’s afpiring humour,
Have hir’d me to undermine the dutchefs. Shakefp.
The father fecure,
Ventures his filial virtue,
Againft whate’er may tempt, whate’er feduce,
Allure or terrify, or undermine. Milton.
The undermining fmile becomes habitual; and the drift of
his plaufible converfation, is only to flatter one, that he may
betray another. Dryden.
He fhould be warn d who are like to undermine him, and
who to lerve him. Locke on Education.
Undermi'ner. n.f. [from undermine.]
1. He that Taps ; he that digs away the fupports.
The enemies and underminers thereof are Romifh Ca-
„ ,1loli,cks; n. Bmn.
2. A clandeftine enemy. 1
When I perceiv’d all fet on enmity.
As on my enemies, where-ever chanc’d,
' I us’d hoftility, and took their fpoil,
To pay my underminers in their coin. Milton's Agonijles.
Rhe moft experienced difturbers and underminers of cmvernment, have always laid their firft train in contempt, &endeavouring to blow it up in the judgment and efteem of the
fubje£t. South,s Strmnu
Undermost, adj. [ This is a kind of fuperlative, anomaloufly
formed from under.] 1
1. Loweft in place.
Ufmg oil of almonds, we drew up with the undermoft ftone
a much greater weight. • J -d /
2. Loweft in ftate or condition. **
It happens well for the pally that Is when a work
U N D
of this nature falls into the hands of thofe, who content
themfelves to attack their principles, without expofino- their
perfons, . Addifon's Freeholder, N°. jn
This opinion, taken up by other fe&aries, was to laft no
longer than they were undermojl. Atterbury.
Underneath, adv. [Compounded from under and neath ; of
which we ftill retain the comparative nether, but in adverbial
fenfe ufe beneath.] In the lower place j below; under; be¬
neath.
forthwith up to the clouds
With him I flew, and underneath beheld
The earth outftretch’d immenfe, a profpedl wide. Milton.
And as I awake, fweet mufick breathe
Above, about, or underneath ;
Sent by fome fpirit to mortals good. Milton.
Or fullen Mole that runneth underneath *
Or Severn fwift, guilty of maidens death. * Milton.
The monfter caught in open day,
Inclos’d, and in defpair to fly away.
Howls horrible from underneath. Dryden.
The flate did not lie flat upon it, but left a free paflage
underneath. Addifon.
UnderneAth. prep. Under.
Fellows in arms.
Bruis’d underneath the yoke of tyranny,
Thus far into the bowels of the land
Have we march’d on. Shakefp.
Pray God, fhe prove not mafeuline ere long !
If underneath the ftandard of the French
She carry armour, as file hath begun. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Underneath this ftone doth lie,
As much beauty as could die ;
Which in life did harbour give,
To more virtue than could live. B. Johnfon.
What is, hath been ; what hath been fhall enfue ;
And nothing underneath the fun is new. Sandys's Paraphrafe.
The north and fouth, and each contending blaft,
Are underneath his wide dominion caft. Dryden.
Undero'ffjcer. n.f. {under and officer.] An inferiour officer ;
one in fubordinate authority.
This certificate of excommunication by bifhops, of all
others, is moft in ufe ; and would be more fo, were it not
for the manifold abufes about its execution committed by
underofficers. Ayliffe's Parergon.
To Underpin, v.a. {under and pin.] To prop; to fupport.
Vidors, to fecure themfelves againft difputes of that kind,
underpin their acqueft jure belli. Hales Common Law.
UndeAogatory. adj. Not derogatory.
Of our happinefs the apoftle gives a negative defeription ;
and to create in us apprehenfions underogatory from what we
fhall poflefs, exalts them above all that we can fancy. Boyle.
U'nderpart. n.f. {under and part.J Subordinate, or unefiential part.
TheEnglifh w ill not bear a thorough tragedy, butarepleafed
that it fhould be lightened wth underpays of mirth. Dryden.
Underpe'tticoat. n.f. {under and petticoat.] The petticoat
worn next the body.
’ .They go to bed as tired with doing nothing, as I after
quilting a whole under-petticoat. Speflator, N°. 606.
U'nderplot. n. f. {under and plot.]
1. A feries of events proceeding collaterally with the main ftory
of a play, and fubfervient to it.
In a tragi-comedy, there is to be but one main defign;
and though there be an underplot, yet it is fubfervient to the
chief fable. Dryden s Dedication to Juvenal.
2. A clandeftine fcheme.
The hufband is fo milled by tricks, and fo loft in a crooked
intrigue, that he ftill fufpeds an underplot. Addifon.
To Underpra'ise. v.a. {under and praife.J To praife below
defert.
In underpraifng thy deferts.
Here find the firft deficience of our tongue. Dryden.
To Underpri'ze. v. a. {under and prize.] To value at lels
than the worth.
How far /•
The fubftance of my praife doth wrong this fhadow
In underprizing it; fo far this fhadow
Doth limp behind the fubftance. Sbakefpeare.
To UnderproA. v. a. {under and prop.] To fupport; to fuftain.
Here am I left to underprop the land.
Who, weak with age, cannot fupport myfelf. Shakefp.
1 here was made a fhoring or underproping ad! for the be¬
nevolence ; to make the fums not brought in, to be leviable
by courfe of law. Bacons Hen. VII,
Thou that art us’d t’ attend the royal throne, „
And underprop the head that bears the crown. Fenton.
UnderpropoAtioned. adj. {under and proportion.] Having
too little proportion.
To be haughty, and to make fcanty and underproportioned
returns of civility, plainly tells people, they mull be very
mannerly. Collier on Pride.
a Underpu'ller.
UND
UnderpuNler. n.f [under and puller.] Inferiour or fubordinate puller.
The myftery of feconds and thirds is fuch a mafter-piece,
that no description can reach. Thefe underpullers in deftrudion
are fuch implicit mortals as are not to be matched. Collier.
To Undf.rra'te. v. a. [under and rate.] To rate too low.
Underrate, n. f. [from the verb.] A price lefs than is
ufual.
The ufelefs brute is from Newmarket brought.
And at an underrate in Smithfield bought,
To turn a mill. Dryden.
To UndersaV. v. n. [under and fay,] To fay by way of de¬
rogation. Not in ufe.
They fay, they con to heaven the highway ;
But I dare underfay,
1 hey never let foot on that fame trode,
But balke their right way, and {train abroad. Spenfer.
Undersecretary, n.f. [under and Jeeretary.] An inferiour
or fubordinate fecretary.
The Jews have a tradition, that Elias fits in heaven, and
keeps a regifter of all men’s adions, good or bad. He hath
his under-feeretaries for the feveral nations, that takes minutes
of all that pafles. Bacon's Theory of the Earth.
ToUnderse ll. v. a. [under and fell.] To defeat, by felling
for lefs ; to fell cheaper than another.
Their flock being rated at fix in the hundred, they
may, with great gain, underfell us, our flock being rated
at ten. Child's Difcourfe of Trade.
Underse'rvant. n.f. [under and fervant.] A fervant of the
lower clafs.
Befides the nerves, the bones, as underfervants, with the
mufcles, are employed to raife him up. Grew's Cofmology.
To UNderset. v. a. [under and Jet.] To prop; to fupport.
The merchant-adventurers, bdng a flrong company, and
well underfet with rich men, and good order, held out
bravely. Bacon's Hen. VII.
Underse'tter. n.f [from underfet.] Prop; pedeflal; fupport.
The four corners thereof had underfetters. I Kings vii. 30.
Undersetting, n.f. [from underfet.] Lower part; pedeflal.
Their underfettings, or pedeflals, are, in height, a third
part of the column. Wotton's Architecture.
Undershe'riff. n.f. [under and Jheriff.] The deputy of the
iheriff.
Since ’tis my doom, love’s underfhrieve,
Why this reprieve ?
Why doth my {he advowfon fly ? Cleveland's Poems.
UndersheNiffry. n.f. [from underjheriff.] The bufinefs,
or office of an underjheriff.
The cardinals of Rome call all temporal bufinefs, of wars
and embaflfages, Jhirreria, which is underfhcriffries ; as if
they were but matters for underfheriffs and catchpoles ; though
many times thofe underjheriffries do more good than their
high fpeculations. Bacon.
UndershooT. part. adj. [under and Jhoot.] Moved by water
paffing under it.
The imprifoned water payeth the ranfom of driving an
underjhoot wheel for his enlargement. Carew’s Surv. ofCornwall.
UndersoNg. n.f. [under andfong.] Chorus ; burthen of a fong.
So ended fhe ; and all the reft around
To her redoubled that her underfong. Spenfer.
The challenge to Damaetas {hall belong ;
Menalcas {hall fuftain his underfong;
Each in his turn your tuneful numbers bring. Dryden.
To Understand, v. a. preterite underjlood. [mibejvptan-
&an, Saxon.]
1. To comprehend fully; to have knowledge of.
The Ulyfles of Ovid upbraids his ignorance, that he un-
• derjlood not the Ihield for which he pleaded. Dryden.
2. To conceive.
His fin might have been greater in that refped: but
that it was not fo to be underjlood, appears by the oppofition. Stillingfleet.
The moft learned interpreters underjlood the words of fin,
and not of Abel. Locke.
To Understand, v.n.
X. To have ufe of the intellectual faculties; to be an intelli¬
gent or confcious being.
I have given thee a wife and underjlanding heart. Chronicles.
2. To be informed.
I underjlood of the evil Elialhib did. Neb. xiii. 7.
I underfland by Sanga, you have been
Solicited againft the commonwealth
By one Umbrenus. B. Jobnfon's Cataline.
All my foul be
Imparadis’d in you, in whom alone
I underfland, and grow, and fee. Donne.
Understanding, n. f. [from underfland.]
1.Intellectual powers; faculties of the mind, efpecially thofe
•f knowledge and judgment,
4
UND
I fpefik as my undirflanding inflruCls mc\ and as mine honefty puts it to utterance. Shakefp. Winter Tole.
Make him ofq u i ck underjlanding i n the fearofthe Lord.IJaiah.
It maketh day-light underjlanding, out of darknefs. Bacon.
When file rates things, and moves from ground to ground,
The name of reafon {lie obtains by this:
But when by reafon {he the truth hath found.
And flandeth fix’d, {he underjlanding is. Davies.
Life and fenfe,
Fancy and underjlanding : whence the foul
Reafon receives, and reafon is her being. Milton,
God is to the underjlanding of man, as the light of the
fun is to our eyes, its firft and moft glorious objeCt. Tillotfon>,
2. Skill.
The underjlandings of a fenate are often enflaved by three
or four leaders. Swift,
Right underjlanding confifts in the perception of the vifible
or probable agreement or difagreement of ideas. Lockei
Very mean people have raifed their minds to a great fenfe
and underjlanding of religion. Locke.
3. Intelligence ; terms of communication.
He hoped the loyalty of his fubjeCts would concur with
him in the preferving of a good underjlanding between him
and his people. Clarendon.
We have got into fome underjlanding with the enemy, by
means of Don Diego. Arbuthnot.
Understanding, adj. Knowing; fkilful.
The prefent phyfician is a veiy underjlanding man, and
well read. Addijon's Remarks on Italy.
UnderstaNdingly. adv, [from underfland.] With know¬
ledge.
Sundays may be underjlandingly fpent in theology. Ahhorn
Understoo'd. pret. and part, paflivc of underfland.
UnderstraNper. n.f [under .and Jlrap.] A petty fellow ;
an inferior agent.
Every underjlrapper perk’d up, and expeCled a regiment,
or his fon muft be a major. - Swift.
To Undertake, v. a. preterite undertook ; participle paflive
undertaken. [underfangen, German.]
1. To attempt; to engage in.
'The talk he undertakes
Is numbring lands, and drinking oceans dry, Shakefp,
Hence our gen’rous emulation came ;
We undertook, and we perform’d the fame. Rofcommon*
Fiercer than cannon, and than rocks more hard,
The Englifh undertake th’ unequal war.
Of dangers undertaken, fame atchiev’d,
They talk by turns.
2. To aftume a charaCler. Not in ufe.
His name and credit fhall you undertake,
And in my houfe you fhall be friendly lodg’d.
3. To engage with; to attack.
It is not fit your lordfhip fhould undertake every companion,
that you give offence to. Shakefp. Cymhelinc.
You’ll undertake her no more ? Shakefpeare.
4T0 have the charge of.
To th’ waterfide I muft conduCl your grace.
Then give my charge up to Sir Nicholas Vaux,
Who undertakes you to your end. Shakefp. Hen. VIII,
To Undertake, v. n.
1. To afiume any bufinefs or province.
O Lord, I am oppfeffed, undertake for me. Ifa. xxxviii. 34.
I undertook alone to wing th’ abyfs. Mliton.
2. To venture; to hazard.
It is the co\yifh terror of his fpirit.
That dare not undertake. Shakefp. K. Lear,
3. To promife ; to Hand bound to fome condition.
If the curious fearch the hills after, rains, I dare undertake
they will not lofe their labour. Woodward's Nat. Hijl*
Undertaken, part, paflive of undertake.
Undertaker, n.f [from undertake.]
1. One who engages in projeds and affairs.
Antrim was naturally a great undertaker. Clarendon.
Undertakers in Rome purchafe the digging of fields, and
arrive at great eftates by it. Addifon.
This ferves to free the enquiry from the perplexities that
fome undertakers have encumber’d it with. Woodward.
Oblige thy fav’rite undertakers
To throw me in but twenty acres. Prior.
2. One who engages to build for another at a certain price.
Should they build as fall as write,
’Twould ruin undertakers quite. Swift's Ahfcellany.
3. One who manages funerals.
Undertaking, n.f. [from undertake.] Attempt; enterprize ;
engagement.
Mighty men they are called ; which fheweth a ftrength furpaffing others : and men of renown, that is, of great under-*
taking and adventurous adions. Raleigh's Hijl. of the ITorId. '
'If this feem too great an undertaking for the humour of our
age, then fuch a fum of money ought to lie ready for taking
©If all fuch pieces of cloth as {hall be brought in. Temple.
29 N . Under*
Dryden.
Dryden«
Shakefp.
J. [under and value.] Rate not equal
U N D
Undertenant, n. f. ^ [under and tenant.] A fecondary te¬
nant ; one who holds from him that holds from the
owner.
Settle and fecure the undertenants; to the end there may
be a repofe and eftablifhment of every fuhjeft’s eftate, lord
And tenant. Davies's Hiji. ofIreland.
UndertooR. part, paffive of undertake.
Undervaluation, n. /. [under and va
to the worth.
There is often failing by an undervaluation; for in divers
children their ingenerate powers are of flow difclofure. IVotton.
To Undervalue, v.a. [under and value.J
1. To rate low; to efleem lightly; to treat as of little worth.
Her name is Portia, nothing undervalu'd
To Cato’s daughter. Sbakefp. Merchant of Venice.
My chief delight lay in difeharging the duties of my ftation ; fo that in comparifon of it, I undervalu'd all enfigns of
authority. Atterbury.
2. To deprefs; to make low in eftimation ; to defpife.
I write not this with the leaft intention to undervalue the
other parts of poetry. Dryden.
In a kingdom grown glorious by the reputation of a fovereign, multitudes leflen and undervalue it. Addifon.
Schooling Luther is an undervaluing term, and would
make one think that Erafmus had a mean opinion of him.
Atterbury.
Undervalue, n. f. [from the verb. J Low rate; vile
price.
The unfkilfulnefs, carelefsnefs, or knavery of the traders,
added much to the undervalue and diferedit of thefe commo¬
dities abroad. Temple.
UndervaRuer. n.f. [from Undervalued One who efteems
lightly.
An undervalucr of money was Sir Henry Wotton. JValton.
Underwent, preterite of undergo.
URderwood. n. f. [under and wood.~\ The low trees that
grew among the timber.
When you fell underwood, fow haws and floes. Mortimer.
Underwork; n. J. [under and Work.~\ Subordinate bufinefs ;
petty affairs.
Thole that are proper for war, fill up the laborious part of
•life, and carry on the underwork of the nation. Addi/on.
To Underwo'rk. v.a. preterite underzvorked, or underwrought ;
participle paffive underworked, or underwrought,
l» To deftroy by clandeftine meafures.
Thou from loving England art fo far.
That thou haft underwrought its lawful king,
To cut off the fequence of pofterity. Sbakefpeare.
2. To labour lefs than enough.
Apelles laid of Protogenes, that he knew not when to give
over. A work may be overwrought as well as undervjrought. Dryden.
Ukderwo'rkmen. n.f. [under and workman.] An inferiour,
or fubordinate labourer.
Underworkmen are expert enough at making a ffngle Wheel
in a clock, but are utterly ignorant how to adjuft the feveral
parts. Swift.
To Underwrite, v.a. [under and write.J To write under
fomething elfe.
He began firft: with his pipe, and then with his voice,
thus to challenge Dorus, and was by him anfwered in the
underwritten fort. Sidney.
What addition and change I have made, I have here
Underwritten. Sanderfon.
Underwriter, n. f. [from underwrite. ] An infurer; fo
called from writing his name under the conditions.
Undescri'bed. adj. Not deferibed.
They urge, that God left nothing in his word undeferibed,
whether it concerned the worlhip of God, or outward
polity. Hooker.
This is fuch a fingular pra&ice, that I had rather leave it
undeferibed, than give it its proper character. Collier on Pride,
UndescriRd. adj. Not feen; unfeen; undifeovered.
Undeserved, adj.
1. Not merited ; not obtained by merit.
This vidtory, obtained with great, and truely not unde¬
fined, honour to the two princes, the whole eftates, with one
confent, gave the crown to Muffdorus. ,Sidney, b. ii.
2. Not incurred by fault.
T he fame virtue which gave him a difregard of fame,
made him impatient of an undeferved reproach. Addifon.
Undese'rvedly. adv. [from undeferved.] Without defert,
whether of good or ill.
Our defire is to yield them a juft reafon, even of the Ieafl
things, wherein undcfervedly^ they have but as much as dreamed
that we do amifs. Hooker, b. v. §. 7.
He which fpeaketh no more than edifieth, is undefervedly
reprehended for much fpeaking. Hooker, b. v. §. 32.
Thefe olt as undcjervedly inthral
His outward freedom. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Science diftinguilhes a man of honour from one of thofe
'•tlftetick brutes, whom undcfervedly we call heroes. Dryden.
U N D
UndeseRver. n.f. One of ho merit
You fee how men of merit are fought after; the unde*
ferver may llecp, when the man of adlion is called on. Shakefpt
UndeseRving. adj.
1. Not having merit; not having any worth.
It exerts itfelf promifeuoufly towards the deferving and the
undeferving, ifit relieves alike the idle and the indigent. Addifon.
Shall we repine at a little mifplaced charity, when an all¬
wife being fhowers down every day his benefits on the un¬
thankful and undeferving. Atterbury.
Who lofe a length of undeferving days,
Would you ufurp the lover’s deat-bought praife ? Pope,
2. Not meriting any particular advantage or hurt. With of
I was carried to miflike, then to hate ; laftly to deftroy this
fon undeferving deftru&ion. Sidney.
My felicity is in retaining the good opinion of honeft men’
who think me not quite undeferving of it. Pote.
Undesigned, adj. Not intended ; not purpofed.
Great effedts by inconfiderable means are fometimCs brought
about; and thole fo wholly undefined by fuch as are the im¬
mediate adtors. South.
Where you conduit find,
Ufe and convenience ; will you not agree,
That fuch effedls could not be undefgn'd.
Nor could proceed, but from a knowing mind ? Blackmore«
UndesiRning, adj.
1. Not ailing with any fet purpofe.
Could atoms, which, with undireited flight,
Roam’d through the void, and rang’d the realms of nio-ht,
In order march, and to their pofts advance.
Led by no guide, but undefgning chance l Blackmore.
2. Having no artful cr fraudulent fchemes ; fincere.
He looks upon friendfhip, gratitude, and fenfe of honour,
as terms to impofe upon weak, undefgning minds. South.
Undesirable, adj. Not to be wifhed; not pleafing.
To add what wants
In female fex, the more to draw his love.
And render me more equal; and perhaps,
A thing not undeftrable, fome time
Superior; for inferior, who is free ? Milton's Par. Lof.
UndesiRed adj. Not wifhed ; not folicited.
O goddefs-mother, give me back to fate;
Your gift was undefir'd, and came too late. Dryden.
UndesiRing. adj. Negligent; notwifhing.
The baits of gifts and money to defpife.
And look on wealth with undefiring eyes :
When thou eanft truly call thefe virtues thine.
Be wife, and free, by heav’n’s conlent and mine. Dryden.
Undestro yable, adj. Indeftrudtible; not fufeeptive of de-»
ftrudtion.
Common glafs, once made, fo far refills the violence of
the fire, that moft chymifts think it a body more undeftramble
than gold itfelf. Boyle.
Undestro'yed. adjl Not deftroyed.
The eflences of thofe fpecies are preferved whole and un¬
defined, whatever changes happen to any, or all of the in¬
dividuals. Locke.
Undeterminable, adj. Impoffible to be decided.
On either fide the fight was fierce, and furely undetermina¬
ble without the death of one of the chiefs. IVotton.
Rather an heir had no fuch right by divine inftitution,
than that God fhould give fuch a right, but yet leave it
doubtful and undeterminable who fuch heir is. Locke.
UndeteRminate. adj.
1. Not fettled; not decided ; contingent.
Surely the Son of God could not die by chance, nor the
greateft thing that ever came to pafs in nature, be left to an
undeterminate event. South.
2. Not fixed.
Fluid, flippery, and underminate it is of itfelf. More*
UndeteRminateness. \ r vc
Undetermina'tion. $n'f l>om undeterminate.]
1. Uncertainty; indecifion.
He is not left barely to the undetermination, incertainty
and unfteadinefs of the operation of his faculties, without a
fecret, predilpofition of them to what is right. Hale.
2. Lhe Hate of not being fixed, or invincibly directed.
^ea a free agent is undeterminatenefs to one part,
before he has made choice. More's Divine Dialogues.
Undetermined, adj.
1. Unfettled ; undecided.
He has left his fucceffion as undetermined, as if he had faid
nothing about it. Locke.
Extended wide
In circuit, undetermin'd fquare or round. Milton.
2. Not limited ; not regulated.
It is difficult to conceive that any fuch thing Ihould be as
matter, undetermined by fomething called form. Hale.
Undevo ted, adj. Not devoted.
'Lhe lords Say and Brooke, two popular men, and moft
undevoted to the church, pofitivcly refulcd to make any fuch
proteftation. Clarendon, b. ii.
Undi*
U N D
IJndiaRhanous. adj. Not pellucid; nottranfpafent.
When the materials of glafs melted, with calcinfed tin,
have compofed a mafs undiaphanous and white, this white
enamel is the balls of all concretes, that goldfmiths emplby in
enamelling. _ Boyle on Colours.
Undi'd. the preterite of undo.
This fo undid all I had done before ;
I could attempt, and he endure no more. Rafcommon.
Undigested. adj. Not conco&ed.
Ambition, the difeafe of virtue, bred
Tike furfeits from an undigejled fulnefs
Meets death in that which is the means of life, Denhami
The glaring fun breaks in at ev’ry chink ;
Yet plung’d in doth we lie, and fnore fupine.
As fill d with fumes of undigejled wine. Dryden.
Meat lemaining in the ftomach undigejled, dejedtion of
appetite,, wind coming upwards, are figns of a phlegmatick
Conjtitution. Arbuthnot on Diet.
Undi ght. pieterite put off. It is queftionable whether it
have a prefent tenfe.
From her fair head her fillets fhe uudight,
And laid her Hole afide. Fairy jtjueen.
Bnd/nted. adj. Not imprefled by a blow.
I mull rid all the fea of pirates : this ’greed upon,
To part with unhackt edges, and bear back
Our barge undinted. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Undimi'nished. adj. Not impaired ; not ieffened.
I flill accounted myfelf undiminijhed of my largeft concefflons* . K. Charles.
Think not, revolted fpirit! thy fiiape the fame.
Or undiminijh'd brightnefs, to be known
As when thou ftdod’ft in heav’n, upright and pure. Milton.
Sergius, who a bad caufe bravely try’d.
All of a piece, and undiminijh'd, dy’d. Dryden.
The deathlefs mufe, with undiminijh'd rays*
Through diftant times the lovely dame conveys. Addifon.
When facrilegious hands had rafed the church, even to
th» foundation, thefe charities they fuffered to Hand undiminijh'd, untouch’d. ‘ Atterbury.
Undi'Pped. \un and dip.] Not dipped ; not plunged.
I think thee
Impenetrably good ; but, like Achilles,
Thou had’ft a loft Egyptian heel undip'd.
And that has made thee mortal. Dryden's Cleomenes.
Undik e'cted. adj. Not directed.
The realm was left, like a fhip in a ftorm, amidft all the
raging {urges, unruled and undirected of any : for they to whom
file was committed, fainted or forfook their charge. Spenjer.
Could atoms, which, with undirected flight.
Roam’d through the void, and rang’d the realms of night,
reafon deftitute, without intent,
In order march. Blackmore on the Creation.
Vs»discernible, adj. Not to be difeerned ; invifible.
I fhou’d be guiltier than my guiltinels.
To think I fhould be undifccrnible,
When I pereceive your grace. Shakefpeare.
The apoftle knowing that the diftin&ion of thefe chara&ers
wa3 undifcernible by men in this life, admonifhes thofe, who
had the moft comfortable aflurances of God’s favour, to be
neverthelefs apprehenfive. Rogers's Sermons.
XJndisceRnibly. adj. Invifibly; imperceptibly.
Many fecret indifpofitions will undifcernibly fteal upon the
foul, and it will require time and dole application to recover
itto the fpiritualities of religion. South's Sermons.
CJndisce'rned. adj. Not obferved ; not difeovered ; not
deferied.
Our profeflion, though it leadeth us into many truths
undifeerned by others, yet doth difturb their communica¬
tions. Browne's Vulg, Errours.
Broken they break, and rallying they renew.
In other forms, the military {hew :
At laft in order undifeern'd they join.
And march together in a friendly line. Dryden.
Undisce Rnedly. adv. So as to be undifeovered.
Some aflociated particles of falt-petre, by lurking undifeernedly in the fixed nitre, had efcaped the analyfing violence of
the fire. Boyle.
UndisceRning. adj. Injudicious; incapable of making due
diftindion.
TJndiJcerning mufe, which heart, which eyes.
In this new couple doft thou prize ? Donne*
His long experience informed him well of the flate of
England ; but of foreign tranfa&iorts, he was entirely undifcerning and ignorant. Clarendon.
Thus her blind fifter, fickle fortune, reigns.
And undifeerning fcatters crowns and chains. Pope.
Undisco'rding. adj. Not difagreeing; notjarring in mufick.
We on earth, with undijeording voice,
May rightly anfwcr that melodious noife;
As once we did, ’till difproportion’d fin
Jarr’d againft nature’s chime. Milton.
«• U N D
Undisciplined. adj.
1. Not fubdued to regularity and order.
To be difpdnfed withal is an argument of natural infirmity*
if it be neceflary; but if it be not, it fignifies an undifeiplined
and unmortified fpirit. Taylor's Rule of Holy Livingi
Divided from thofe climes where art prevails;
Undifciplin'd by precepts of the wife ;
Our inborn paflions will not brook controul;
We follow nature. Philipsi
2. Untaught; uhinftrudted.
A gallant man had rather fight to great difadvantages* in
the field, in an orderly way, than fkuffle with an undifci¬
plin'd rabble. K. Charlesi
Dry is a man of a clear head, but few words; and gains
the fame advantage over Puzzle, that a fmall body of regu¬
lar troops would gain over a numberlefs, undifciplin'd mi¬
litia* Spectator, N°. 477.
Undisco'verable. adj. Not to be found out.
He was to make up his accounts, and by an eafy, undifeoverable cheat, he could provide againft the impending
diftrefs. Rogers.
Undiscovered, adj. Notfeen; not deferied ; not found out.
Coming into the falling of a. way, which led us into a
place, of each fide whereof men might eaiily keep themfelves undifeovered, I was encompafled fuddenly by a great
troop of enemies. Sidney.
When the griefs of Job were exceeding great, his words
accordingly to open them were many ; howbeit, {till unto
his feeming they were undifeovered. Hooker*
Time glides, with undifeover'd hafie ;
The future but a length behind the part. Drydefts
By your counfels we are brought to view
A rich and undijeover'd world in you. Dryden.
In fuch paflages I difeover’d fome beauty yet undifeover d. Dryden.
Undiscree't. adj. Not wife ; imprudent.
If thou be among the undifereet, obferve the time.
Ecclus xxvii.
Undisguised, adj. Open; artlefs; plain; expofed to view.
If thou art Venus,
Difguis’d in habit, undijguis'd in fhape ;
O help us, captives, from our chains t’fcape. Dryden.
If once they can dare to appear openly and undijguifed*
when they can turn the ridicule upon ferioufnefs and piety*
the contagion fpreads like a peftilence* Rogers's Sermons.
Undisho'noured. adj. Not dilhonoured*
Keep then fair league and truce with thy true bed :
I live diftained, thou undijhonoured. Shakefpeare.
Undisma'yed. adj. Not difeouraged ; not depreiled with
fear.
He in the midfi thus undifnay'd began. Milton's P. Lofl.
He aim’d a blow againft his undifmay'dadverfary. Arbuthi
Though oft repuls’d, again
They rally undijmay'd. Philipsi
Undisobli'ging. adj. Inoffenfive.
All this he would have expatiated upon, with connexions
of the difeourfes, and the moft eafy, undifobliging tranfitions. Brootnrs Notes on the Iliadi
UndispeRsed. adj. Not fcattered.
We have all the redolence of the perfumes we burn upon
his altars ; the fmoke doth vanifh ere it can reach the fky ;
and whilft it is undifperfed, it but clouds it; Boyle.
Undispo'sed. adj. Not bellowed.
The employments were left undifpofed of, to keep alive
the hopes of impatient candidates. Swift.
Undispi/ted. adj. Incontrovertible; evident.
You, by an undifputed title, are the king of poets. Dryden.
That virtue and vice tend to make thefe men happy, or
miferable, who feverally pradife them, is a propofition of
undoubted, and by me undifputed, truth* Atterbury.
Undisse'mbled. adj.
1. Openly declared.
2. Honeft, not feigned.
Ye are the fons of a clergy, whofe undiffembled and unli¬
mited veneration for the holy feriptures, hath not hindered
them from paying an inferiour, but profound regard to the
beft interpreters of it, the primitive writers. Atterbury.
UndVssipated; adj. Not lcattered ; not difperfed.
Such little primary mafles as our propofition mentions*
may remain undijjipated. Boyle.
UndissoRving. adj. Never melting.
Not cold Scythia’s undij/olving fnows,
Nor the parch’d Lybian farids thy hulband bore.
But mild Parthenope. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Undiste'mpered. adj.
1. Free from difeafe.
2. Free from perturbation.
Some fuch laws may be confidered, in fome parliament
that {hall be at leilure, from the urgency of more prefling;
affairs, and {hall be cool and undijlemper ed. Temple*
tlN*
U N D U N D
Undisti'nguishable. adj.
1. Not to be diftindfly feen.
Thefe things feem fmall and undifinguifiable,
Like far oif mountains turned into clouds. Shakefpeare.
The quaint mazes in the wanton green,
For lack of tread, zee undifinguijkable. Shakefpeare.
Its lineaments are deftroy’d, and the materials mixt in an
undi/linguijhable confufion. Regers.
2. Not to be known by any peculiar property.
No idea can be undjlinguijhable from another, from which
it ought to be different. Locke.
Undistinguished, adj.
j. Not marked out by obje&s or intervals.
’Tis longer fince the creation of angels than of the world,
by feven hundred years : whereby we would mark out fo
much of that undifinguijhd duration, as we fuppofe would
have admitted feven hundred annual revolutions of the
fun. Locke:
2. Not feen, or not to be feen otherwife than confufedly ; not
feparately and plainly defcried.
’Tis like the milky way, all over bright;
But fown fo thick with liars, ’tis undifinguijh’cl light. Dryden.
Wrinkles undfinguijh’d pafs.
For I’m afham’d to ufe a glafs. Swift.
3. Admitting nothing between ; having no intervenient fpace.
Oh undfinguijh’d fpace of woman’s will ! Shakefpeare.
The undijlinguijh’d feeds of good and ill,
Heav’11, in his bofom, from our knowledge hides. Dryden.
4. Not marked by any particular property.
, Sleep to thofe empty lids
Is grown a ftranger; and day and night.
As undijlinguijh'd by my fleep, as fight. Denham.
5. Not treated with any particular refpedf.
Sad chance of war ! now deftitute of aid.
Falls undijlinguijhd by the vidtor fpade. Pope.
Undisti'nguishing. adj. Making no difference.
The promifeuous and undifingulfing diflribution of good
and evil, which was neceffary for carrying on the defigns of
providence in this life, will be re&ified in another. Addifon.
Undijlinguijhing complaifance will vitiate the tafte of the
readers. Garth.
2. Not to be plainly difeerned.
Undistra'cted. adj. Not perplexed by contrariety of thoughts
or defires.
When Enoch had walked with God, he was fo far from
being tired with that lafling afliduity, that he admitted him
to a more immediate, and more undfrafted communion with
himfelf. Boyle.
Undistra'ctedly. adv. Without diflurbance from contra¬
riety of fentiments.
St. Paul tells us, that there is difference betwixt married
and fingle perfons ; the affections of the latter being at liberty
to devote themfelves more undfraftedly to God. Boyle.
UndistraRtedness. n. f. Freedom from interruption by
different thoughts.
The ftrange confufions of this nation difturb that calmnefs
of mind, and undifraftednefs of thoughts. Boyle.
Undisturbed, adj.
1. Free from perturbation ; calm; tranquil.
To our high-rais’d phantafy prefent
That undijlurbed fong of pure content. Milton.
The peaceful cities of th’ Aufonian fhore.
Lull’d in their eale, and undifurb’d before.
Are all on fire. Dryden.
A ftate, where our imitation of God {hall end in the un¬
dijlurbed fruition of him to all eternity. Atterbury.
To be undijlurbed in danger, fedately to confider what is
fitteft to be done, and to execute it fteadily, is a complex
idea of an aftion, which may exift. But to be undijlurbed
in danger, without ufing one’s reafon, is as real an idea as
the other. Locke.
2. Not interrupted by any hindrance or moleftation.
Nature flints our appetite.
And craves no more than undiJlurVd delight;
Which minds, unmix’d with cares and fears, obtain ;
A foul ferene, a body void of pain. Dryden.
Unvex’d with quarrels, undfurb’d with noife.
The country king his peaceful realm enjoys. Dryden.
The Englifh, undfurb’d, fubmifs obey. Philips.
3. Not agitated.
A good confidence is a port which is land-lock’d on every
fide, where no winds can poffibly invade. There a man
may not only fee -his own image, but that of his maker,
clearly reflected from the undijlurb'd and filent waters. Dryden.
UndistuRbedly. adv. Calmly; peacefully.
Our minds are fo weak, that they have need of all the
affiftances can be procured, to lay before them undfurbedly
the thread and coherence of any difeourfe. Locke.
UndivFdable. adj. Not feparable ; not fufeeptive of divifion.
The belt adtors in the world for tragedy, paftoral, feene
undividable, or poem unlimited. Shakefp. Hamlet.
How comes it, huflband.
That thou art thus eftranged from thyfelf ?
Thyfelf, I call it, being ftrange to me ;
That undividablc, incorporate,
Am better than thy dear felf’s better part. Shakefpeare*
Undivided, adj. Unbroken; whole; not parted.
Love is not divided between God and God’s enemy : we
muft love God with all our heart; that is, give him a whole
and undivided affection. ‘Taylor’s Rule of Holy Living.
He extends through all extent ;
Spreads undivided, operates unfpent. Pope.
Undivu'lged. adj. Secret; not promulgated.
Let the great gods
Find out their enemies now. Tremble, thou wretch.
That haft within thee undividged crimes,
Unwhipp’d of juftice. Shakefp. K. Leaf.
To Und'o. v. a. preterite undid; participle paffive undone.
[from do.]
1. To ruin ; to bring to deftrudtion.
As this immoderate favour of the multitude did him no
good, fo will it undo fo many as fhall truft unto it. Hayward.
Subdued, undone, they did at laft obey,
And change their own for their invader’s way. Rofcommon.
Where, with like hafte, though feveral ways they run.
Some to undo, and fome to be undone. Denham.
Hither ye come, diflike, and fo undo
The players, and difgrace the poet too. Denham.
When I behold the charming maid,
I’m ten times more undone; while hope and fear.
With variety of pain diffradt me. Addifons Cato.
2. To loofe ; to open what is fhut or faftened ; to unravel.
They falfe and fearful do their hands undo;
Brother, his brother; friend doth friend forfake. Sidney.
Pray undo this button. Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
We implore thy povyerful hand.
To undo the charmed band
Of true virgin here diftrefs’d. Milton.
Were men fo dull, they cou’d not fee
That Lyce painted, {hould they flee.
Like fimple birds, into a net.
So grofsly woven and ill-fet;
Her own teeth would undo the knot.
And let all go that fhe had got. IValler.
3. To change any thing done to its former ftate; to recall, or
annul any aCfiion.
They may know, that we are far from prefuming to
think that men can better any thing which God hath done,
even as we are from thinking, that men {hould prefume to
undo fome things of men, which God doth know they can¬
not better. Hooker.
It was a torment
To lay upon the damn’d, which Sycorax
Could not again undo. Shakefpeare’s Tempef.
We feem ambitious God’s whole work t’ undo ;
Of nothing he made us, and we ftrive too.
To bring ourfelves to nothing back. Donne.
They make the Deity do and undo, go forward and back¬
wards. Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
By granting me fo foon,
He has the merit of the gift undone. , Dryden.
Without this our repentance is not real, becaufe we have
not done what we can to undo our fault. Tillotfon.
Now will this woman, with a fingle glance.
Undo what I’ve been labouring all this while, Addifon.
When in time the martial maid
Found out the trick that Venus play’d.
She {hakes her helm ; fhe knits her brows.
And, fir’d with indignation, vows.
Tomorrow e’er the letting fun.
She’d all undo, that {he had done. Swift.
Undoing, adj. Ruining; dtftru&ive.
The great and undoing mifehief which befalls men, is by
their being mifreprefented. South.
Undoing, n. f. Ruin; deftruefion ; fatal mifehief.
To the utter undoing of fome, many things by ftriclnefs of
law may be done, which equity and honeft meaning forbiddeth. Hooker.
Palfe luftre could dazzle my poor daughter to her un¬
doing. Addifon's Guardian.
Fools that vye are, we know that ye deceive us ;
Yet a£t, as if the fraud was pleafing to us,
And our undoing joy. Rowe’s Royal Convert.
Undo'ne. adj. [from undo.]
1. Not done ; not performed.
Do you fmell a fault ?
I cannot wifh the fault undone, the
Iffue of it being fo proper. Shakefpeare s K. Lear.
2. Ruined ; brought to deftruCtion.
Already is the work begun ;
And we reft all undone, till ail be done. Daniel’s Civ. Il ar.
%
There
U N D U N E
There was no opportunity to call either of thcfe two great
perfons to account for what they had done, or what they had
left undone. .. Clarendon.
Undoubted, adj. Indubitable; indifputable ; unqueftionable.
His fad, till now, came not to an undoubted proof. Shakefp-.
Thou, fpirit, who ledft this glorious eremite
Into the defart, his victorious field,
Againft the fpiritual foe, and brought’!! him thence,
By proof th’ undoubted ion of God, infpire. Milton.
The relations of your trials may be received as undoubted
records of certain events, and as fecurely be depended on, as
the propofitions of Euclid. Glanville.
Made the world tremble with a num’rous hoft,
And of undoubted victory did boaft. Waller-.
Though none of thefe be ftriCt demonftration, yet we have
an undoubted aflurance of them, when they are proved by the
heft arguments that the nature of the thing will bear. Tillotfon.
Undoubtedly, adv. Indubitably; without queftion; with¬
out doubt.
Some fault undoubtedly there is in the very refemblance of
idolaters. Hooker.
This cardinal, undoubtedly
Was fafhion’d to much honour. Sbakefp. Hen. VIII.
Undoubtedly God will relent, and turn
From his difpleafure. Milton's Par. Lojl.
The original is undoubtedly one of the greateft this age has
produced. Dryden.
He that believes the chriftian do&rine, if he adhere to it,
and live accordingly, {hall undoubtedly be faved. Tillotfon.
Undo'ubting. adj. Admitting no doubt.
They to whom all this is revealed, and received with ah
undoubting faith, if they do not prefently fet about fo eafy
and fo happy a talk, muft acknowledge themfelves in the
number of the blind. Hammond.
Undra'wn. adj. Not pulled by any external force.
Forth ruffl’d
The chariot of paternal deity undrawn,
Flaftiing thick flames, wheel within wheel ;
Jtfelf inltinft with fpirit, but convoy’d
By four cherubick fhapes. ’ Milton's Par. Lojl.
Undre'aded. adj. Not feared.
Better far.
Than ftill at hell’s dark threfhold t’have fat watch,
Unnam’d, undreaded, and thyfelf half ftarv’d. Milton.
Undre'amed. adj. Not thought on.
A courfe more promifing,
Than a wild dedication of yourfelves
To unpath’d waters, undream d fhores ; mod certain
To miferies enough. Shakfp. Winter Tale.
To Undre'ss. v. a. [from drefs.]
1. To divefl: of cloaths ; to ftrip.
Undrefs you, and come now to bed. Shakefpeare.
All were ftol’n afide.
To counfel and undrefs the bride. Suckling.
Her fellows prefs’d,
And the reluctant nymph by force undrefs'd. Addifon s Ovid.
2. To divefl: of ornaments, or the attire of oftentation.
Undrefs'd at evening, when {he found
Their odours loft, their colours paft.
She chang’d her look. Prior.
U'ndress. n.f. A loofe or negligent drefs.
Reform her into eafe,
And put her in undrefs to make her pleafe. Dryden.
Undre'ssed. adj.
1. Not regulated.
Thy vineyard lies half prun’d, and half undrefs'd. Dryden.
2. Not prepared for ufe.
The common country people wore perones, {hoes of undreffed leather. Arbutbnot on Coins.
Undri'ed. adj. Not dried.
Their titles in the field were try’d :
Witnefs the frefti laments, and fun’ral tears undry'd. Dryden.
Four pounds of undried hops, thorough ripe, will make
one of dry. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Undri'ven. adj. Not impelled either way.
As wint’ry winds contending in the fky.
With equal force of lungs their titles try ;
The doubtful rack of heav’n
Stands without motion, and the tide undriv'n. Dryden.
Undro'ssy. adj. Free from recrement.
When a noontide fun, with fummer beams
Darts through a cloud, her watry fkirts are edg’d
With ludd amber, or undroffy gold. Philips.
Undu'bitable. adj. Not admitting doubt; unqueftionable.
Let that principle, that all is matter, and that there is no¬
thing elfe, be received for certain and undubitable, and it will
be eafy to be feen, what confequences it will lead us
into. Locke.
Undu'e. adj. [indue, Fr.J
I. Not right; not legal.
That proceeding being at that time taxed for rigorous and
undue, in matter and manner, makes it very probable there
was fome greater matter againft her. Bacon.
2. Not agreeable to duty.
He will not proftitute his power to mean and undue ends,
nor ftoop to little and low arts of courting the people. Atterb.
U'ndulary. adj. [from undulo, Lat.J Playing like waves;
playing with intermifllons.
’ The blafts and undulary breaths thereof maintain no cer¬
tainty in their courfe. Browne's VAgar Errours.
To Undulate, v.a. [from undulo, Lat.J T o drive back¬
ward and forward ; to make to play as waves.
Breath vocalized, i. e. vibrated and undulated, may in a
different manner affeCt the lips, or tongue, or palate, and
imprefs a fwift, tremulous motion, which breath alone paffing
fmooth doth not. Holder's Elements of Speech.
To U'ndulate. v. n. To play as waves in curls.
Through undulating air the founds are fent.
And fpread o’er all the fluid element. Pope.
Undula'tion. n.f. [from undulate.] Waving motion.
Worms and leeches will move both ways ; and fo will
moft of thole animals, whofe bodies confift of round and an¬
nulary fibres, and move by undulation, that is, like the
waves of the fed. Browne's Vulgar Errours.
All tuneable founds are made by a regular vibration of the
fonorous body, and undulation of the air, proportionable to
the acutfenefs and gravity of the tone. Holder.
Two parallel walls beat the found back on each other, till
the undulation is quite worn out. Addifon.
U'ndulatory adj. [from undulate.] Moving in the manner
of waves.
A conftant undulatory motion is perceived by looking through •
telefcopes. Arbutbnot on Air.
Undu'ly. adv. Not properly ; not according to duty.
Men unduely exercife their zeal againft perfons; not only
againft evil perfons, but againft thole that are the moft vene¬
rable. Sprat's Sermons.
Undu'teous. adj. Not performing duty ; irreverent; difobedient.
She and I, long fince contracted.
Are now fo fure, that nothing can dilfolve us.
And this deceit lofes the name of craft.
Of difobedience, or unduteous title. Sbakefp»
In Latium fafe he lay.
From his unduteous fon, and his ufurping {way. Dryden:
Undu'tiful. adj. Not obedient; not reverent.
England thinks it no good policy to have that realm planted
with Englifh, left they fhould grow fo undutiful as the Irifti,
and become more dangerous. Spenfer's Ireland.
No man’s reafon did ever diftate to him, that it is fit for
a creature not to love God ; to be undutiful to his great fovereign, and ungrateful to his beft benefactor. Tillotforti
Undu'tifully. adv. [from undutiful.] Not according to duty.
The filh had long in Casfar’s ponds been fed.
And from its lord undutifully fled. Dryden's juvenal.
Undu'tifulness. n.f. Want of refpeCt; irreverence; dif¬
obedience.
I would have thought they would rather have held in, and
ftaid all the other from undutifulnef, than need to be forced
thereunto themfelves. Spenfer's Ireland.
Forbidding undutifulnefs to fuperiours, fedition and rebel¬
lion againft magiftracy. Tillotfon.
Undy'ing. adj. Not deftroyed ; not periftiing.
Driven down
To chains of darknefs, and th’ undying worm. Milton.
Unea'rned. adj. Not obtained by labour or merit.
As I am honeft Puck,
If we have unearned luck.
Now to ’fcape the ferpent’s tongue,
We will make amends ere long. Shakefpeare.
Our work is brought to little, though begun
Early, and th’ hour of fupper comes unearn'd. Milton;
Wilt thou rather chufe
To lie fupineiy, hoping heav’n will blefs
Thy flighted fruits, and give thee bread unearn'd! Philips.
Unea/rthed. adj. Driven from the hold.
The mighty robber of the fold;
Is from his craggy, winding haunts unearth'd. Thomfon.
Unea'rthly. adj. Not terreftrial.
The facrifice
How ceremonious, folemn, and unearthly
It was i’ th’ offering ! Sbakefp. Winter Tale.
Une'asily. adv. Not without pain;
He lives uneafily under the burden. L'Eftrange.
They make mankind their enemy by their unjuft actions;
and confequently live more uneafily in the world than other
men. Tillotfon,
Uneasiness. «</. Trouble; perplexity; ftate of difquiet.
Not a fubjeCt
Sits In heart-grief and uneafinefs,
Under the fweet {hade of your government. Shakefpeare.
29 O Th*
U N E U N E
The fame uneafmefs which ev’ry thing
Gives to our nature, life muft alfo bring. Denham.
We may be fiiid to live like thofe who have their hope in
another life, if we bear the uneafinejjes that befall us here
with conftan'cy. Atterbury.
Men are difiatisfied with their ftation, and create to themfelves all the uneafmefs of want. They fancy themfelves poor,
and under this perfuafion feel all the dilquiet of real po¬
verty. Rogers's Sermons.
His Majefty will maintain his juft authority over them ;
and whatever uneafmefs they may give themfelves, they can
create none in him. Addifon's Freeholder.
The libels againfl his grandfather, that fly about his very
Court, give him uneafmefs. Swift.
Uneasy, adj.
1. Painful; giving difturbance.
The wifeft of the Gentiles forbad any libations to be made
for dead infants, as believing they palled into happinefs
* through the way of mortality, and for a few months wore an
uneafy garment. Taylor's Rule oj Holy Lsving.
On a tottering pinacle the Handing is uneafy, and the fall
deadly. Decay ofPiety.
His prefent thoughts are uneafy, becaufe his prefent ftate
does not pleafe him. L'Efrange.
Uneafy life to me.
Still watch’d and importun'd, but worfe for thee. Dryden.
2. Difturbed ; not at eafe.
Happy low ! lie down ;
Uneafy lies the head that wears a crown. Shakefpeare.
Uneafy juftice upward flew.
And both the fillers to the liars withdrew. Dryden.
The paffion and ill language proceeded from a gall’d and
uneafy mind. Tillotfon.
It is fuch a pleafure as makes a man refllefs and uneafy,
exciting frefh defires. Addifon.
One would wonder how any perfon fhould defire to be
king of a country, in which the ellablifhed religion is diredtly
oppofite to that he profelfes. Were it pollible for fuch a one
to accomplilh his defigns, his own, reafon might tell him,
there could not be a more uneafy prince, nor a more unhappy
people. Addifon's Freeholder.
If we imagine ourfelves intitled to any thing we have not,
we fhall be uneafy in the want of it; and that uneafmefs will
expofe us to all the evil perfuaflons of poverty. Rogers,
The foul, uneafy and confin’d from home,
Rells and expatiates in a life to come. Pope.
3. Conllraining; cramping.
Some fervile imitators
Prefcribe at firft fuch ftri<5t, uneafy rules.
As they mult ever ilavifhly obferve. Rofcommon.
4. Not unconltrained ; not difengaged.
In converfation, a felicitous watchfulnefs about one’s be¬
haviour, inllead of being mended, will be conltrained, un~
eafy, and ungraceful^ Locke.
5. Peevilh ; difficult to pleafe.
A four, untra&able nature, makes him uneafy to thofe who
approach him. Addifon's Spectator, N°. 4.69.
6. Difficult. Out of ufe.
We will, not appearing what we are, have feme queltion
with the Ihepherd: from his fimplicity, I think it not uneafy
to get the caufe of my Ion’s refort thither. Shakefp.
This fwift bufinefs ,
I mull uneafy make ; left too light winning
Make the prize light. Sbakefpeare's Tempef.
Divers things, knowable by the bare light of nature, are
yet fo uneafy to be fatisfactorily underftood, that, let them be
delivered in the cleareft expreffions, the notions themfelves
will appear obfeure. Boyle.
Unea'ten. adj. Not devoured.
Though they had but two horfes left uneaten, they had
never fuffered a fummons to be fent to them. Clarendon.
Une'ath. adv. [from eatb, ea^, Saxon 3 eafy.J
1. Not eafily. Out of ufe.
Uneath may Jfhe endure the flinty ftreet,
To tread them with her tender feeling feet: Shakefp.
2. It feems in Spenfer to fignify the fame as beneath. Under ;
below.
A roaring, hideous found,
That all the air with terror filled wide,
And feem’d uneath to (hake the ftedfaft ground. Fairy fjhiccn.
Une'difying. adj. Not improving in good life.
Our practical divinity is as found and affedting, as'that of
our popilh neighbours is flat and unedifying. Atterbury.
Unele/cted. adj. Not chofen.
Putting him to rage,
You Ihould have ta’en th’ advantage of his choler,
And pafs d him undented. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Uneli'gible. adj. Not worthy to be chofen.
Both extremes, above or below the proportion of our charadter, are dangerous ; and ’tis hard to determine which is
molt uneligible. Rogers's Sermons.
Unemployed. adj.
1. Not bufy ; at leifure ; idle.
Other creatures, all day long
Rove idle, unemploy'd, and lefs need reft. Milton's Par. Lof.
Wilt thou then ferve Philiftines with that gift.
Which was exprefly given thee to annoy them ?
Better at home lie bedrid, not only idle,
Inglorious, unemploy'dy with age out-worn. Milton.
Our wife creator has annexed to feveral objedts, and to the
ideas we receive of them, as alfo, to feveral of our thoughts,
a concomitant plealure, that thofe faculties which we are en¬
dowed with, might not remain idle and unemployed. Locke.
2. Not engaged in any particular work.
Pales unhonour’d, Ceres unemploy'd,
Were all forgot. Dryden.
Men, foured with poverty, and unemploy'd, eafily give into
any profpecl of change. *Addifon.
Une'mptiable. adj. Not to be emptied ; inexhauftible.
Whatfoever men or angels know, it is as a drop of that
une?nptiable fountain of wifdom, which hath diverfly imparted
her treafures. Hooker.
Unendo'wed. adj. Not inverted ; not graced.
A man rather unadorned with any parts of quicknefs, and
unendowed with any notable virtues, than notorious for any
defedi of underftanding. Clarendon.
Afpiring, fadtious, fierce and loud.
With grace and learning unendow'd. Swift.
Unengaged, adj. Not engaged; not appropriated.
When we have funk the only unengaged revenues left, our
incumbrances muft remain perpetual. Swift.
Unenjoy'ed. adj. Not obtained ; not poflefled.
Each day’s a miftrefs, unenjoy'd before ;
Like travellers, we’re pleas’d with feeing more. Dryden.
Unenjo'ying. adj. Notufing; having no fruition.
The more we have, the meaner is our ftore ;
Th’ unenjoying, craving wretch is poor. Creech.
Unenlightened, adj. Notilluminated.
Moral virtue natural reafon, unenlightened by revelation,
preferibes. Atterbury.
Unenl aYged. adj. Not enlarged ; narrow, contradted.
Unenlarged fouls are difgufted with the wonders which the
microfcope has difeovered concerning the ftiape of little ani¬
mals, which equal not a pepper-corn. Watts.
Unensla'ved. adj. Free; not enthralled.
By thee
She fits a fov’reign, unenfav'd and free. Addifon.
Unenterta'ining. adj. Giving no delight; giving no enter¬
tainment.
It was not unentertaining to obferve by what degrees I
ceafed to be a witty writer. Pope.
Une'nvied. adj. Exempt from envy.
The fortune, which no body fees, makes a man happy
and unenvied. Bacon.
This lofs
Thus far at leaft recover’d, hath much more
Eftablifh’d in a fafe, unenvied throne.
Yielded with full confent. Milton's Par. Lof.
Thefe unenvied ftand ;
Since whatthey act, tranfeends whattheycommand.Denham.
What health promotes, and gives unenvy'd peace,
Is all expencelefs, and procur’d with eafe. Blackmore.
Beneath our humble cottage let us hafte,
And here, unenvy'd, rufal dainties tafte. Pope's Odyffey.
Unento'meed. adj. Unburied ; uninterred.
Think’ft thou unentomb'd to crofs the floods ? Dryden.
Une'quable. adj. Different from itfelf; diverfe.
March and September, the two equinoxes, are the mod
unfettled and unequable of feafons. Bentley's Sermons.
Unequal . adj. [huzaualis, Lat.J
1. Not even.
There fits deformity to mock my body;
To ftiape my legs of an unequal fize. Shakefpeare.
You have here more than one example of Chaucer’s un¬
equal numbers. Dryden.
2. Not equal; inferiour.
Among unequals, what fociety ? Alilton.
To blils unknown my lofty foul afpires;
My lot unequal to my vaft defires. Arbuthnot.
3. Partial; not bellowing on both the fame advantages.
When to conditions of unequal peace.
He Ihall fubmit, then may he not poflefs
Kingdom nor life. Denham.
4. [Inegal9 Fr.] Difproportionate ; ill matched.
Unequal work we find,
Againft unequal arms to fight in pain. Alilton.
From his ftrong arm I faw his rival run,
And in a croud th’ unequal combat Ihun. Dryden.
Fierce Belinda on the baron flies,
Nor fear’d the chief th'unequal fight to try. Pope.
5. Not regular; not uniform.
So ftrong, yet fo unequal pulfes beat, Dryden.
6 Un-
U N E U N E
Unf/qualable. adj. Not to be equalled; not to be paralclled.
Chrift’s love to God is filial and unequalable. Boyle.
Unequalled, adj'. Unparallelled; unrivalled in excellence.
By thofe unequalled and invaluable bleflings, he manifefted
how much he hated fin, and how much he loved finners. Boyle.
Dorinda came, divefted of the fcorn.
Which the unequall d maid fo long had worn. Rofcommon.
Une'qually. adv. In difterent degrees; in difproportion one
to the other.
When we view Come well-proportion’d dome,
No fin'gle parts unequally furprize ;
All comes united to th’ admiring eyes. Pope»
Un f/qualness. n.f, Inequality; ftate of being unequal.
Une/quitable. adj. Not impartial; not juft.
We force him to ftand to thofe meafures which we think
too unequitable to prefs upon a murderer. Decay of Piety.
Unequivocal, adj. Not equivocal.
"1 his conceit is erroneous, making putrefactive generations
correfpondent unto feminal productions, and conceiving un¬
equivocal effeCts, and univocal conformity unto the effi-
_ cient. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Lne^rrableness. n.f. Incapacity of errour.
How much more than poffible that has been, the many
innovations of that church witnefs ; and confequently the
danger oi prefuming vupon the unerrablenefs of a guide.
Decay of Piety.
Une'rRing. adj. [inerrans, Lat.]
1. Committing no miftake.
The irreiiftible infirmities of our nature, make a perfeCt
and unerring obedience impoffible. Rogers's Sermons.
Faff in chains conftrain the various God ;
Who bound obedient to fuperior force,
Utierring will prefcribe your deftin’d courfe. Pope.
His javelin threw,
Hiding in air th’ unerring weapon flew. Dryden.
2. Incapable of failure; certain.
The king a mortal fhaft lets fly
From his unerring hand. Dcnha?n.
Is this th’ unerring power ? the ghoft reply’d ;
Nor Phoebus flatter’d ; nor his anfwers ly’d. Dryden.
Lovers of truth, for truth’s fake ; there is this one unerring
mark, the not entertaining any propofition, with greater
affurance than the proofs it is built upon will warrant. Locke.
Une'rringly. adv. Without miftake.
What thofe figures are, that ftiould be mechanically adapt¬
ed, to fall fo unerringly into regular compofitions, is beyond
our faculties to conceive. Glanville.
Unesche^wable. adj. Inevitable ; unavoidable; not to be
efcaped.
He gave the mayor fufficient warning to fhift for fafety, if
an unefcbetvable deftiny had not haltered him. Carew.
Unespied, adj. Not feen ; undifeovered ; undeferied.
Treachery, guile, and deceit, are things which may for a
while, but do not long go unefpied. Hooker.
From living eyes her open fhame to hide.
And live in rocks and caves long unefpy'd. Fairy jjhiecn.
Nearer to view his prey, and unejpy'd
To mark what of their ftate he more might learn. Milton.
The fecond fhaft came fwift and unejpy'd;
And pierc’d his hand, and nail’d it to his fide. Dryden.
Unessential, adj.
1. Not being of the laft importance; not conffituting eflence.
Tillotfon was moved rather with pity, than indignation,
towards the perfons of thofe who differed from him in the
uneJJ'ential parts of chriftianity. Andijan's Freeholder.
2. Void of real being.
The void profound
Of unejfential night receives him next. Milton.
Unesta'bl-ished. adj. Not eftablifhed.
From plain principles, doubt may be fairly folved, and not
clapped up from petitionary foundations unejlablijhed. Brown.
Unf/ven. adj.
1. Not even ; not level.
Thefe high wild hills, and rough, uneven ways,
Draw out our mileS, and make them wearifome. Shakefp.
Some faid it was beft to fight with the Turks in that
uneven, mountain country, where the Turks chief ftrength
confifting in the multitude of his horfemen, fhould ftand
him in fmall ftead. Knolles's Hijl. of the Turks.
They made the ground uneven about their neft, infomuch
that the ftate did not lie flat. Addijbn.
2. Net fuiting each other; not equal.
The Hebrew verfe confifts of uneven feet. Pcacham.
Unevenness, n.f.
I. Surface not level; inequality of furface.
This foftnefs of the foot, which yields to the ruggednefs
and unevennefs of the roads, renders the feet lefs capable of
being worn, than if they wxre more folid. Ray on the Creation.
That motion which can continue long in one and the fame
part of the body, can be propagated a long way from one
part to another, fuppofing the body homogeneal; fo that the
motion may not be refleaed, refraaed, interrupted or dis¬
ordered by any unevennefs of the body. Newton.
2. Turbulence; changeable ftate.
Edward II. though an unfortunate prince, and by rcafon
of the troubles and unevennefs of his reign, the very law
itfelf had many interruptions ; yet it held its current in that
ftate his father had left it in. Hale.
3. Not fmoothnefs.
Notwithftanding any fuch unevennefs or indiftinanefs in
the ftyle of thofe places, concerning the origin and form of
the earth. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
Une'vitable. adj. [inevitabilis, Lat. inevitable, Fr.J Inevi¬
table ; not to be efcaped.
So jealous is fhe of my love to her daughter, that I never
yet begin to open my mouth to the unevitable Philoclea, but
that her unwifhed prefence gave my tale a conclufion, before
it had a beginning. Sidney.
Unexa'cted. adj. Not exaaed ; not taken by force.
All was common, and the fruitful earth
Was free, to give her unexafted birth. Dryden:
Unexa/mined. adj. Not enquired ; not tried ; not dil'cufled.
Yet within thefe five hours Haftings liv’d
Untainted, unexamin'd, free at liberty. Shakefpeare.
They utter all they think, with a violence and indifpofition, unexamin'd, without relation to perfon, place, or
fitnefs. B. Johnfon.
The moft pompous feeming knowledge, that is built on
the unexaminecl prejudices of lenfe, ftands not. Glanville.
Unexampled, adj. Not known by any precedent or ex¬
ample.
Charles returned with unexampled love from Algiers. Raleigh.
O unexampI'd love !
Love no where to be found lefs than divine. Milton.
God vouchfaf’d Enoch an unexa?nplecl exemption from
death. Boyle.
Your twice-conquer’d vaflals,
Firft, by your courage, then your clemency.
Here humbly vow to facrifice their lives,
The gift of this your unexampled mercy,
To your command. Denham's Sophy.
I tune my pipe afrefti, each night and day.
Thy unexampled goodnefs to extoll. Philips.
UnexceCtionaele. adj. Not liable to any objedlion.
Perfonal prejudices ftiould not hinder us from purfuing,
with joint hands and hearts, the unexceptionable defign of
this pious inftitution. Atterbury.
Unexco'gitable. adj. Not to be found out.
Wherein can man refemble his uncxcogitable power and
perfedtnefs. Raleigh's Hijl. ofthe World.
Unexecuted, adj. Not performed ; not done.
Leave unexecuted your own renowned knowledge. Shakefp.
UnExcFsed. adj. Not fubjedt to the payment of excife.
Unexe'mplified. adj. Not made known by inftance or
example.
Thofe wonders a generation returned with fo unexemplifed
an ingratitude, that it is not the leaft of his wonders, that
he would vouchfafe to work any of them. Boyle.
This being a new, unexemplify'd kind of policy, muft pais
for the wifdom of this particular age, fcorning the examples
of all former ages. South,
UnexercFsed. adj. Not pradlifed ; not experienced.
Meffapus, with his ardour, warms
A heartlefs train, unexercis'd in arms. Dryden.
Abftradb ideas are not fo obvious to the yet uncxercifed mind,
as particular ones. Locke.
UnexeMpT. adj. Not free by peculiar privilege.
You invert the cov’nants of her truft,
And harfhly deal like an ill borrower.
With that which you receiv’d on other terms,
Scorning the unexempt condition
By which all mortal frailty muff fubfift. Miltoni
Unexhausted, adj. [inexhaufus, Lat.] Notfpent; not drain¬
ed to the bottom.
What avail her unexhaufed ftores ?
While proud oppreffion in her vallies reigns. Addifon.
Unexpa'nded. adj. Not fpread out.
Every foetus bears a fecret hoard ;
With fleeping, unexpanded ifi'ue ftor’d.
Unexpected, adj. Not thought on ; fudden
Blackmore.
not provided
againft.
Have wifdom to provide always beforehand, that thofe
evils overtake us not, which death unexpected doth ufe to
bring upon carelefs men; and although it be fudden in it¬
felf, neverthelels, in regard of our prepared minds, it may
not be fudden. Hooker, b. v. 46.
Sith evils, great and unexpected, do caufe oftentimes even
them to think upon divine power with fearfulleft fufpicions,
which have been otherwife the moft facrcd adorers thereof;
how ftiould we look for any conftant refolution of mind in
fuch cafes,- faving only where unfeigned affedtion to God,
hath bred the moft allured confidence to be aflifted by his
hand ? Hooker, b. v. i.
O un-
U N E
O unexpected ftroke ! worfe than death (
Mult I thus leave thee, paradife ? Milton's Par. Lojl.
Them unexpected joy furpriz’d,
When the great eniign of Meffiah blaz’d. Milton.
T heir unexpected lofs and plaints out-breath d. Milton.
Some amazement ;
But fuch as fprung from wonder, not from fear,
It was fo unexpected. Denham s Sophy.
To the pale foes they fuddenly draw near,
And ftimmon them to unexpected fight. Dryden.
Deep was the wound ; he ftagger’d with the blow,
And turn’d him to his unexpected foe. Dryden.
When Barcelona was taken by a moft unexpected accident
of a bomb lighting on the magazine, then the Catalonians
revolted. Swift.
'Unexpectedly, adv. Suddenly; at a time unthought of.
Oft he feems to hide his face,
But unexpectedly returns. Milton s Agonijles.
A moft bountiful prefent, when I was moft in want of it,
came moft feafonably and unexpectedly to my relief. Dryden.
If the concernment be poured in unexpectedly upon us, it
overflows us. Dryden.
You have fairer warning than others, who are unexpectedly
cut off. Wake.
My heart was filled with a deep melancholy, to fee feveral
dropping unexpectedly in the mid ft of mirth. Addifon.
Though you went away fo unexpectedly, yet we have inform¬
ed ourfelves of every thing that hath happened to you. Gay.
Unexpectedness, n.f. Suddennefs ; unthought of time or
manner.
He deferibes the unexpedednefs of his appearance. Watts.
Unexperienced, adj. Not verfed; not acquainted by trial
or practice.
The wifeft, unexperienc'd, will be ever
Timorous and loth, with novice modefty,
Irrefolute, unhardy, unadvent’rous. Milton.
Long ufe may ftrengthen men againft many fuch incon¬
veniences, which, to unexperienc d perfons, may prove very
hazardous. Wilkins's Math. Magic.
The pow’rs of Troy ;
f Not a raw and unexperienc'd train.
But a firm body of embattl’d men. Dryden.
Thefe reproaches are the extravagant fpeeches of thofe un¬
experienced in the things they fpeak againft. Tillotjon.
Unexperienced young men, if unwarned, take one thing
for another. Locke.
The fmalleft accident intervening, often produces fuch
changes, that a wife man is juft as much in doubt of events,
as the moft ignorant and unexperienced. Swift.
UnexpeRient. adj. Inconvenient; not fit.
. The like would not be unexpedient after meat, to aflift and
cherifh nature in her firft concodfion, and fend their minds
back to ftudy in good tune. Milton on Education.
UnexpeRt. adj. [inexpertus, Lzt.] Wanting fkill or knowledge.
Receive the partner of my inmoft foul :
Him you will find in letters, and in laws
Not unexpert. Prior,
UnexploRed. adj.
1. Not learched out.
Oh ! fay what ftranger caufe, yet unexplor’d,
Could make a gentle belle rejedt a lord ? Pope.
2. Not tried ; not known.
Under thy friendly condudt will I fly.
To regions unexplor'd. Dryden.
Unexpo'sed. adj. Not laid open to cenfure.
They' will endeavour to diminifh the honour of the beft
treatife, rather than fuffer the little miftakes of the author
to pafs unexpofed. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
UnexpreCsible. adj. Ineffable; not to be uttered.
What unexprejfible comfort does overflow the pious foul,
from a confcience of its own innocency. Tillotfon.
UnexpreCsive. adj.
1. Not having the power of uttering or exprefling. This is the
natural and analogical fignification.
2. Inexpreflible; unutterable; ineffable; not to be expreffed.
Improper, and out of ufe.
Run, run, Orlando, carve on every tree
T he fair, the chafte, and inexprejfve fhe. Shakefpeare.
With nedtar pure his ouzy locks he laves,
And hears the unexpreffive, nuptial fong,
In the blcft kingdoms, meek, of joy and love. Milton.
I he helmed cherubim.
And fworded feraphim.
Are feen in glitt’ring ranks, with wings difplay’d.
Harping in loud and folemn quire,
With inexprejfve notes to heaven’s new-born heir. Milton.
UnEXTENDED, adj. Occupying no aflignable fpace ; having
no dimenfions.
How inconceivable is it, that a fpiritual, i.e. an unextended
fubftance, fhould reprefent to the mind an extended one, as a
triangle ? Locke.
U N F
UnextiRguisha ble. adj. [inextinguible, Fr.] Unquenchable;
not to be put out.
Pain of unextinguijhable fire
Muft exercife us, without hope of end. Miltorh
What native, unextinguijhable beauty muft be impreffed
through the whole, which the defaedation of fo many parts
by a bad printer, and a worfe editcJr, could not hinder from
fhining forth ? Bentley.
UnextFnguished. adj. [inextindus, Lat.J
1. Not quenched ; not put our.
The fouls, whom that unhappy flame invades.
Make endlefs moans, and, pining with defire,
Lament too late their unextinguijh'd fire. Dryden.
Ev’n o’er your cold, your ever-facred urn.
His conftant flame, (hall unextinguifo'd burn. Lyttleton.
2. Not extinguifhable.
An ardent thirft of honour; a foul unfatisfied with all it
has done, and an unextinguifo'd defire of doing more. Dryden.
UnfaRed. adj. Not withered.
A lovely flow’r.
Unfaded yet, but yet unfed below.
No more to mother earth, or the green ftem fhall owe. Dryd.
UnfaRing. adj. Not liable to wither.
For her th’ unfading rofe of Eden blooms.
And wings of feraphs fhed divine perfumes. Pope.
UnfaTling. adj. Certain; not miffing.
Nothing the united voice of all hiftory proclaims fo loud,
as the certain, unfailing curfe, that has purfued and overtook
facrilen-e South s Sermons.
Thou, fecure of my unfailing word,
Compole thy fwelling foul, and {heath the fword. Dryden.
Unfa'ir. adj. "Difingenuous ; fubdolous ; not honeft.
You come, like an unfair merchant, to charge me with
being in your debt. Sivift.
Unfaithful, adj.
1. Perfidious; treacherous.
If you break one jot of your promife, I will think you
the moft atheiftical break-promife, and the moft unworthy,
that may be chofen out of the grofs band of the un¬
faithful. _ _ Shakefpeare.
My feet, through wine, unfaithful to their weight,
Betray’d me tumbling from a tow’ry height. Pope.
2. Impious; infidel.
Thence fhall come
To judge th’ unfaithful dead ; but to reward
His faithful, and receive them into blifs. Milton s Par. Lojl.
Unfaithfully, adv. Treacheroufly; perfidioufly.
There is danger of being unfaithfully counfelled ; and more
for the good of them that counfel, than for him that is
counfelled. Bacon.
Unfaithfulness, n.f. Treachery; perfidioufnefs.
As the obfeurity of what fome writers deliver, makes it
very difficult to be underftood ; fo the unfaithfulnefs of too
many others, makes it unfit to be relied on. Boyle.
UnfaRlowed. adj. Not fallowed.
Th’ unfallow'd glebe
Yearly o’ercome^ the granaries with ftores
Of golden wheat. Phillips.
Unfamiliar, adj. Unaccuftomed; fuch as is not com¬
mon.
The matters which we handle, feem, by reafon of newnefs, dark, intricate, unfamiliar. Hooker, b. l.
Chaucer’s uncouth, or rather unfamiliar, language, deters
many readers. Warton s Spenfer.
Unfashionable, adj. Not modifh; not according to the
reigning cuftom.
A man writes good fenfe, but he has not a happy manner
of expreffion. Perhaps he ufes obfolcte and unfajhionable
language. Watts s Logick.
Unfa'shionableness. n.f. Deviation from the mode.
Natural unfajhionablcnejs is much better than apifh, affected
poftures. Locke.
Unfa'shioned. adj.
1. Not modified by art.
Mark but how terribly his eyes appear ;
And yet there is fomething roughly noble there ;
Which, in unfajhion'd nature, looks divine.
And, like a gem, does in the quarry fhine. Dryden.
2. Having no regular form.
A lifelefs lump, unfajhion'd and unfram’d.
Of jarring feeds, and juftly chaos nam’d. Dry ten.
UnfaRhionably. adv. [from unfajhionable.]
1. Not according to the fafhion.
2. Unartfully.
Deform’d, unfinifh’d, fent before my time
Into this breathing world, lcarce half made up.
And that fo lamely and unjajhionably, , D. , TTT
That dogs bark at me. Shakejpc s Kuo. iii.
To UnfaRten. v. a. I o loofe ; to unfix.
He had no fooner unfajhned his hold, but that a wave
forcibly fpoiled his weaker hand of hold. Sidney, b. u.
4
U N F U N F
His foes are fo enrooted with his friends,
That plucking to unfix an enemy,
He doth unfaften fo, and fhake a friend. Shakefpearc.
Then in the key-hole turns
Th’ intricate wards, and every bolt and bar
Of mafiy iron, or folid rock, with eafe
Unfaftens. Milton’s Par. Lojl. b. ii. /. 876.
Unfa'thered. adj. Fatherlefs; having no father.
They do obferve
Unfather’d heirs, and loathly births of nature. Shakefp.
Unfathomable, n. f.
1. Not to be founded by a line.
In the midft of the plain a beautiful lake, which the in¬
habitants thereabouts pretend is unfathomable. Addifon.
Beneath unfathomable depths they faint,
And fecret in their gloomy caverns pant. Addifon's Ovid.
2. That of which the end or extent cannot be found.
A thoufand parts of our bodies may be diverfified in all
the dimenfions of folid bodies ; which overwhelms the fancy
in a new abyfs of unfathomable number. Bentley’s Sermons.
UnfaThomably. aclu. So as not to be founded.
Cover’d pits, unfathomably deep. Thomfon.
UnfaThomed. adj. Not to be founded.
The Titan race
He fing’d with light’ning, rowl within the unfathom’d fpace.
Dryden.
Unfati'gued. adj. Unwearied; untired.
Over dank, and dry.
They journey toilfome, unfatigu’d with length
Of march. Phillips.
Unfavourably, adv.
1. Unkindly; unpropitioufly.
2. So as not to countenance, or fupport.
Bacon fpeaks not unfavourably of this. Glanville.
Unfea'red. adj.
1. Not affrighted; intrepid; not terrified.
Juft men
Though heaven fhould fpeak with all his wrath at once,
That with his breath the hinges of the world
Did crack, we fhould ftand upright and unfear’d. B. Johnfon.
2. Not dreaded ; not regarded with terrour.
UNFe asible, adj. Impracticable.
Unfe'athered. adj. Implumous ; naked of feathers.
The mother nightingale laments alone ;
Whofe neft fome prying churl had found, and thence
By Health convey’d th’ unfeather’d innocence. Dryden.
Unfe'atured, adj. Deformed; wanting regularity of fea¬
tures.
Vifage rough.
Deform’d, unfeatur’d, and a fkin of buff. Dryden.
Unfe'jd. adj. Not fupplied with food.
Each bone might through his body well be read.
And every finew feen through his long faft ;
For nought he car’d, his carcafs longunfed. Fairy Queen.
A grifly foaming wolf unfed. Rofcommon.
Unfee'd, adj. Unpaid.
It is like the breath of an unfeed lawyer ; you gave me no¬
thing for’t. Shakefpeare’s K. Lear.
u Nfee'ling. adj. Infenfible; void of mental fenfibility.
Dull, unfeeling, barren ignorance,
Is made my goaler to attend on me. Shakefp. Rich. II.
Unlucky Welfted ! thy unfeeling mafter,
The more thou tickleft, gripes his fift the fafter. Pope.
Unfe'igned. adj. Not counterfeited; not hypocritical; real;
fincere.
Here I take the like unfeigned oath.
Never to marry her. Shakefp. Faming ofthe Shrew.
Thoufand decencies that daily flow
From all her words and aCtions, mix’d with love,
And fweet compliance, which declare unfeigned
Union of mind. Milton’s Par. Loft.
Sorrow unfeign’d, and humiliation meek. Milton.
Employ it in unfeigned piety towards God. Sprat.
Unfe'ignedly. adv. Really; fincerely; without hypocrify.
He pardoneth all them that truly repent, and unfeignedly
believe his holy gofpel. Common Prayer.
How fhould they be unfeignedly juft, whom religion doth
not caufe to be fuch ; or they religious, which are not found
fuch by the proof of their juft actions ? Hooker.
Prince dauphin, can you love this lady ?-
-1 Jove her moft unfeignedly. Shakefp. K. John.
Thou haft brought me and my people unfeignedly to repent
of the fins we have committed. K. Charles.
Unfe'lt. adj. Not felt; not perceived.
All my treafury
Is but yet unfelt thanks, which, more enrich’d,
Shall be your love and labour’s recompence. Shakefpearc.
Her looks, from that time infus’d
Sweetnefs into my heart, unfelt before. Milton’s Par. Loft.
’Tis pleafant, fafely to behold from fhore
The rpwling fhips, and hear the tempeft roar j
Not that another’s pain is our delio-ht.
But pain3 unfelt produce the pleafing fight.
Unff/nced. adj.
Dryden.
I.
2.
Shakefpeare.
Naked of fortification.
I’d play inceftantly upon thefe jades;
Even till unfenced delolation
Leave them as naked as the vulgar air.
Not furrounded by any inclofure.
Unferme'nted. adj. Not fermented.
All fuch vegetables muft be unfermented ; for fermenta-
- tion changes their nature. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Unff/rtile. adj. Not fruitful ; not prolifick.
Peace is not fuch a dry tree, fuch a faplefs, unfertile thing,
but that it might fruCtify and increafe. Decay of Piety.
To Unfe'tter. v. a. To unchain; to free from fhackles.
Unfetter me with fpeed,
I fee you troubled that I bleed. Dryden.
This moft ufeful principle may be unfetter’d, and reftored
to its native freedom of exercife. Addifon’s Spectator.
The foul in thefe inftances is not entirely loofe and un¬
fetter’d from the body. Addifon’s Spectator.
Th’ unfetter’d mind by thee fublim’d. Thomfon.
Unfi'gured. adj. Reprefenting no animal form.
In unfigured paintings the nobleft is the imitation of mar¬
bles, and of architecture, as arches, freezes. TVotton.
Unfi lled, adj. Not filled ; not fupplied.
Come not to table, but when thy need invites thee; and
if thou bceft in health, leave fomething of thy appetite un¬
filled. Taylor’s Rule of Living Holy.
The air did not precifely fill up the vacuities of the veil'd,
fince it left fo many unfilled. Boyle.
Th^ throne of my forefathers
Still ftands unfill’d. Addifon’s Cato.
Unfi'rm. adj.
Weak; feeble.
Our fancies are more giddy and unfirm
Than women’s are. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
So is the unfirm king
In three divided ; and his coffers found
With hollow poverty and emptinefs. Shakefteare.
Not liable.
Take the time, while ftagg’ring yet they ftand.
I.
2.
Dryden.
Shakefpeare.
a mercenary,
Boyle.
an end ; not
With feet unfirm, and prepoflefs the ftrand.
UnFi'lial. adj. Unfuitable to a fon.
You offer him a wrong,
Something unfilial.
Teach the people, that to hope for heaven is
legal, and therefore unfilial, affection.
Unfinished, adj. Incomplete; not brought to
brought to perfection ; imperfeCt; wanting the laft hand.
It is for that fuch outward ornament
Was lavifh’d on their fex, that inward gifts
Were left for hafte unfinijh’d. Milton.
I dedicate to you a very unfinijhed piece. Dryden.
His hafty hand left his pictures fo unfinijhed, that the beauty
in the picture faded fooner than in the perfon after whom it
was drawn. Spectator, N°. 83.
This collection contains not only fuch pieces as come under
our review, but many others, even unfinijhed. Swift.
Unfi't. adj.
1. Improper; unfuitable.
They eafily perceive how unfit that were for the prefent,
which was for the firft age convenient enough. Hooker.
Neither can I think you would impofe upon me an unfit
and over-ponderous argument. Milton on Education.
2. Unqualified.
Unfit he was for any worldly thing,
And eke unable once to ftir or go.
Old as I am, for ladies love unfits
The pow’r of beauty I remember yet.
A genius that can hardly take in the connection
propolitions, is utterly unfit for fpeculative ftudies.
To UnfiT. v. a. To difqualify.
Thofe excellencies, as they qualified him for dominion,
fo they unfitted him for a fatisfaCtion or acquiefcence in
his vaftals. Government of the Tongue.
Unfi tting, adj. Not proper.
Although monofyllables, fo rife in our tongue, are unfitting
for verfes, yet are they the moft fit for expreffing briefly the
firft conceits of the mind. Camden.
Unfi'tly. adv. Not properly ; not fuitably.
Others, reading to the church thofe books which the apoftles
wrote, are neither untruly nor unfitly faid to preach. Hooker.
The kingdom of France may be not unfitly compared to a
body that hath all its blood drawn up into the arms, breaft
and back. Howel.
Unfi'tness. n. f.
1. Want of qualifications.
In fetting down the form of common prayer, there was
no need that the book fhould mention either the learning
of a fit, or the unjitnefs of an ignorant minifter. Hooker.
29 P It
Spenfer.
Dryden.
of three
Watts.
I
U N F U N-F
Shakefpeare.'
Shakefpeare.
Dryden.
to blood ;
Cowley.
It is looked upon as a great weaknefs, and unfitnefs for
bufinefs, for a man to be fo open, as really to think not
only what he fays, but what he l’wears. South.
2.Want of propriety.
To Unfix, v. a.
1. To loofen ; to mak^ lefs fall.
Plucking; to unfix an enemy*
He doth unfaften a friend. Shakefpeare's Hen.IV.
Who can imprefs the foreft, bid the tree
Unfix his earth-bound root l Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
2. To make fluid.
Stiff' with eternal ice, and hid in fnow,
The mountain ftands ; nor can the rifing fun
Unfix her frofts, and teach them how to run. Dryden.
Unfi'xed. adj.
1. Wandering; erratick; inconftant; vagrant.
So vaft the noife, as if not fleets did join ;
But lands unfix’d, and floating nations ftrove. Dryden.
Her lovely looks a fprightly mind difclofe.
Quick as her eyes, and as unfix’d as thofe. Pope.
2. Not determined.
» Irrefolute on which flie fhou’d rely:
At iaft unfix'd in all, is only fix’d to die. Dryden.
Unfle/dged. adj. That has not yet the full furniture of fea¬
thers ; young; not completed by time; not having at¬
tained full growth.
The friends thou haft, and their adoption try’d.
Grapple them to thy foul with hooks of fteel:
But do not dull thy palm with entertainment
Of each new-hatch’d, unfiedgd comrade.
In thofe unfiedgd days was my wife a girl.
Unfiedg'd adtors learn to laugh and cry.
Unfle'shed. adj. Not 'fkfhed ; not feafoned
raw.
Nature his limbs only for war made fit;
With fome lefs foe thy unfiefidd valour try.
As a generous, unjlefldd hound, that hears
From far the hunter’s horn and chearful cry,
So will I hafte. Dryden's Cleomenes.
Unfo^iled. adj. Unfubdued ; not put to the worft.
The ufurped powers thought themfelves fecure in the
ftrength of an unfoiled army of iixty thoufand men, and in a
revenue proportionable. Temple.
To Unfo'ld. v. a.
1. To expand ; to fpread ; to open.
I faw on him rifing
Out of the water, heav’n above the clouds
Unfold her cryftal doors ; thence on his head
A perfect dove defeend. Paradife Regain'd.
Invade his hiding throat, and winding fpires,
’Till ltretch’d in length th’ unfolded foe retires. Dryden.
Ah, what avail !
The vivid green his Ihining plumes unfold. Pope.
Sloth unj'olds her arms, and wakes j
Lift’ning envy drops her fnakes. Pope's St. Cecilial
2. To tell ; to declare.
What tidings with our coufin Buckingham ?-
—Such as my heart doth tremble to unfold. Shakefp.
Unfold to me why you are heavy. Shakefpeare.
Unfold the paffion of my love ;
Surprize her with difeourfe of my dear faith. Shakefp.
Helen, to you our minds we will unfold. Shakefpeare.
How comes it thus ? Unfold3 celeftial guide ! IViilton.
Things of deep fenfe we may in profe unfold;
But they move more, in lofty numbers told. Rofcommon.
3. Todifcover; to reveal.
Time fhall unfold what plaited cunning hides,
Who covers faults, at laft with fhame derides. Shakefp.
If the objedt be feen through two or more fuch convex or
concave glafles, every glafs fhall make a new image, and the
objedt fhall appear in the place, and of the bignefs of the laft
image ; which confederation unfolds the theory of microfcopes
and telefcopes. Newton's Opticks,
4. To difplay ; to fet to view.
We are the inhabitants of the earth, and endowed with
underftanding; doth it then properly belong to us, to exa¬
mine and unfold the works of God ? Burnet.
Unfo'lding. adj. Diredting to unfold.
The unfolding ftar calls up the fhepherd. Shakefpeare.
To UnfogT. v. a. To reftore from folly.
Have you any way to unfool me again ? Shakefpeare.
Unforbi'd. i KT .... ,
UnforbFdden. \adP Not prohibited.
If unforbid thou may’ft unfold
What we, not to explore the fecrets, afk
Of his eternal empire. Milton's Par. Lofi.
Thele are the unforbidden trees ; and here we may let
loofe the reins, and indulge our thoughts. Norris.
A good man not only forbears thofe gratifications, which
are forbidden by reafon and religion, but even reftrains
himfelf in unforbidden inftajices. Atterhury,
UnforbFddenness. n.f. The ftate of being unforbidden.
The bravery you are fo fevere to, is no where exprefsly
prohibited in feripture ; and this unforbiddennefs they think
fufficient to evince, that the fumptuoufnefs you condemn is
not in its own nature finful. Boyle.
Unfo/rced. adj.
1. Not compelled ; not conftrained.
This gentle and unforc'd accord of Hamlet
Sits fmiling to my heart. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Unforc'd by punifhment, unaw’d by fear;
His words were fimple, and his foul fincere. Dryden.
2. Not impelled.
No more can impure man retain and move
In that pure region of a worthy love,
Than earthly fubftance can, unforc'd3 afpire.
And leave his nature to converfe with fire. Donne*
3. Not feigned.
Upon thefe tidings they broke forth into fuch unforced and.
unfeigned paftions, as it plainly appeared that good-nature did
work in them. Hayward.
4. Not violent.
Windfor the next above the valley fwells
Into my eye, and doth itfelf prefent
With fuch an eafy and unforc'd afeent.
That no ftupendous precipice denies
Accefs, no horror turns away our eyes. DenhStti.
5. Not contrary to eafe.
If one arm is ftretched out, the body muft be fomewhafc
bow’d on the oppofite fide, in a fituation which is unforc'd. Dryd.
Unfo'rcible. adj. Wanting ftrength.
The fame reafon which caufeth to yield that they are of
fome force in the one, will conftrain to acknowledge, that
they are not in the other altogether unforcible. Hooker.
Unforebo'ding. adj. Giving no omens.
Unnumbered birds glide through th’ aerial way,
Vagrants of air, and utfereboding ftray. Pope's Odyffey'.
Unforeknown, adj. Not forefeen by prefcience.
Which had no lefs prov’d certain, unforeknown. Milton.
Unforeskin ed. adj. Circumcifed.
Won by a Philiftine from the unforefkin'd race. Milton.
Unforesee'n. adj. Not known before it happened.
Unforefeen, they fay, is unprepar’d. Dryden*
Unforfeited, adj. Not forfeited.
This was the antient, and is yet the unforfeited glory of
our religion. Rogers's Sermons•
Unforgo'tten. adj. Not loft to memory.
The thankful remembrance of fo great a benefit received,
fhall for ever remain unforgotten. Knolles's Hifi. of the Turks»
Unforgiving, adj. Relentlefs; implacable.
The fow with her broad fnout for rooting up
Th’intrufted feed, was judg’d to fpoil the crop 5
The covetous churl, of unforgiving kind,
Th’ offender to the bloody prieft refign’d. Dryden*
UnfoTmed. adj. Not modified into regular Ihape.
All putrefaction being a diffolution of the firft form, is a,
mere confufion, and unformed mixture of the parts. Bacon.-
The fame boldnefs difcovers itfelf in the feveral adventurer
he meets with during his paffage through the regions of un¬
formed matter. Spectator, N°. 309.
Unforsa'ken. adj. Not deferted.
They extend no farther to any fort of fins continued in 01*
unforfaken, than as they are reconcileable with fincere endea¬
vours to forfake them. HammtncPs Fundamentals.
Unfortified, adj.
1. Not fecured by walls or bulwarks.
Their weak heads, like towns unfortify'dy
’Twixt fenfe and nonfenfe daily change their fide. Pope.
2. Not ftrengthened ; infirm ; weak ; feeble.
It Ihews a will moft incorrect to heav’n ;
A heart unfortify'd3 a mind impatient;
An underftanding fimple, and unfchool’d. Shakefpeare.
3. Wanting fecurities.
They will not reftrain a fecret mifehief, which, confidering the unfortify d ftate of mankind, is a great defedt. Collier.
Unfo'rtunate. adj. Not fuccefsful ; unprofperous ; want¬
ing luck; unhappy.
All things religioufly taken in hand, are profperoufly ended ;
becaufe whether men in the end have that which religion did
allow to defire, or that which it tcacheth them contentedly
to fufter, they are in neither event unfortunate. Hooker.
Whofoever will live altogether out ot himfelf, and ftudy
Other men’s humours, fhall never be unfortunate. Raleigh.
Vindictive perfons live the life of wicthes, who, as they
are mifehievous, end unfortunate. Bacon.
Pie that would hunt a hare with an elephant, is not un¬
fortunate for miffing the mark, but foolifh for chufing fuch an
unapt inllrument. Taylor.
The virgins fhall on feaftful days
Vilit his tomb with flowers, only bewailing
His lot unfortunate in nuptial choice,
From whence captivity and loft of eyes. Milton's Agonifies.
Un-
U N F
Unfo'rtunately adv. Unhappily; without good luck.
Unconfulting affection unfortunately horn to mewards,
made Zelmane borrow fo much of her natural modefty, as
to leave her more decent raiments. Sidney.
Moft of thefe artifts unfortunately mifcarry’d, by falling
down and breaking their arms. Wilkins.
She kept her countenance when the lid remov’d
Difclos’d the heart, unfortunately lov’d. Dryden.
Unfortunateness. adj. [from unfortunateA Ill luck. Not
in ufe. J
O me, the only fubject of the deftinies difpleafure, whofe
greateft fortunatencis ts more unfortunate, than my filler’s
grcatelt unfortunatenefs. Sidney
Unfo ugh l1. ddj. \un and fought"^ Nbt fought.
They iiied iuch diligence in taking the paffages, that it
was not pomble tney fhould efcape unfought with. . v Knolles.
Unfouled, adj. Unpolluted; uncorrupted; not foiled.
• r\C ^umour ant* tunicles are purely tranfparent, to let
in light unfoui d and unfophifticated by any inward tindture.
More.
Unfou'nd. adj. Not found ; not met with.
Somewhat in her excelling all her kind.
Excited a d?fire till then unknown ;
Somewhat unfound, or found in her alone. Dryden.
Unfra'mable. adj. Not to be moulded.
l he came of tneir difpofftion fo unframable unto focieties,
wherein tney live, is for that they difeern not aright what
force thefe lav/s ought to have. ° Hooker.
Unfua med. adj. Not formed ; not fafhioned.
A iifelefs lump, unfafhion’d and unfram'd,
Oi jarring feeds, and juffly chaos nam’d. Dryden.
Unfke Quent. adj. Uncommon ; not happening often.
Pait theieof is vifible unto any fituation ; but being only
difcoverable in the night, and when the air is clear, it be¬
comes itnf equent. Browne's Vulgar Errours.
To Unfreque nt. v. a. To leave; to ceafe to frequent, A
bad word.
Glad to fhun his hoftile gripe,
They quit their thefts, and unfrequent the fields. Philips.
Unfre quented. adj. Rarely vifited ; rarely entered.
Many unfrequented plots there are.
Fitted by kind for rape and villainy. Shakefpeare.
Retiring from the pop’lar noife, I feek
This unfrequented place to find fome eafe. Milton.
How well your cool and unfrequented fhade *
Suits with the chafte-retirements of a maid ? Rofcommon.
Can he not pafs an affronomick line.
Nor farther yet in liquid aether roll,
’Till he has gain’d fome unfrequented place ? Blacbnore.
With what caution does the hen provide herfelf a neft in
places unfrequented, and free from noife. Addifon.
Unfreque'ntly. adj. Not commonly.
They, like Judas, defire death, and not unfrequently pur¬
sue it* Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Unfriended, adj. Wanting friends; uncountenanced; unfupported.
Thefe parts to a ffranger.
Unguided and unfriended, often prove
Rough and unhofpitable. Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
Great adds require great means of enterprize;
Thou art unknown, unfriended, low of birth. Milton,
O God !
Who me unfriended brought’!!, by wond’rous ways,
The kingdom of my fathers to pofTefs. Dryden.
Unfriendliness, n.f [from unfriendly.] Want of kindnefs ; want of favour.
T ou might be apt to look upon fuch difappointments as
the effects of an unfriendlinefs in nature or fortune to your
particular attempts. Boyle.
UnfrieNdly. adj. Not benevolent; not kind.
What ftgnifies an unfriendly parent or brother ? ’Tis friendfhip only that is the cement which effectively combines mankinc^ Government ofthe Tongue.
This fear is not that fervile dread, which flies from God
as an hoftile, unfriendly being, delighting in the mifery of his
creat e es. Rogers's Sermons.
Unfrozen, adj. Not congealed to ice.
Though the more aqueous parts will, by the lofs of their
motion, be turned into ice, yet the more fubtile parts re¬
main unfrozen. Boyle.
Unfruitful, adj.
1. Not prolifick.
Ah ! hopelefs, lafting flames ! like thofe that burn
To light the dead, and warm th’ unfruitful urn. Pop».
2. Not fructiferous.
The naked rocks are not unfruitful there ;
Their barren tops with luscious food abound. Waller.
3. Not fertile.
Lay down fome general rules for the knowing of fruitful
and unfruitfid foils. Mortimer's Hujbmdry.
4. Not producing good effedls.
U N G
Unfulfilled, adj. Not fulfilled.
Fierce defire.
Still unfulfilled with pain of longing, pines. Milton.
To Unfu'rl. v. a. To expand ; to unfold ; to open.
The next motion is that of unfurling the fan, in which
arc feveral little flirts and vibrations. Addifon.
Her fhips anchor’d, and her fails unfurl'd
In either Indies. Prior.
His fails by Cupid’s hand unfurl'd,
To keep the fair, he gave the world. Prior.
To Unfu'rnish. v. a.
1. To deprive; to ftrip ; to diveft.
Thy fpeeches
Will bring me to confider that which may
Unfurnift') me of reafon. Shakefpeare's JVinter Tale.
2. To leave naked.
The Scot on his wfurnijh'd kingdom
Came pouring like a tide into a breach. Shakefp.
Unfu'rnished. adj.
1. Not accommodated with utenfils, or decorated with orna¬
ments.
It derogates not more from the goodnefs of God, that he
has given us minds unfumijh'd with thofe ideas of himfelf,
than that he hath fent us into the world with bodies un¬
clothed. _ Locke%
I live in the corner of a vaft unfumijh'd houfe. Swift.
2. Unfupplied.
Unga'inly. \adi' Eun3en3» Saxon.] Aukward; uncouth.
An ungainly ftrut in their walk. Swift.
UngaLled. adj. Unhurt; unwounded.
Let the ftricken deer go weep,
The hart ungalled play ;
For fome muft watch, while fome muft fleep ;
So runs the world away. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Unga'rtered. adj. Being without garters.
You chid at Sir Protheus, for going ungartered. Shakefp.
Unga'thered. adj. Not cropped ; not picked.
W? wonder’d why fhe kept her fruit fo long :
For whom fo late the ungather'd apples hung. Dryden.
UngeNerated. adj. Unbegotten; having no beginning.
Millions of fouls muft have been ungenerated, and have
had no being. Raleigh's Hijl. ofthe World.
Ungenera'tive. adj. Begetting nothing.
He is a motion ungenerative, that’s infallible. Shakefpeare.
Unge'nerous. adj.
1. Not noble; not ingenuous ; not liberal.
To look into letters already opened or dropped, is held
an ungenerous acl. Pope.
2. Ignominious.
The vidtor never will impofe on Cato
Ungenerous terms. His enemies confefs
The virtues of humanity are Caefar’s. Addifon,
Unge'nial. adj. Not kind or favourable to nature.
The northern fhires have a more cloudy, ungenial air,
than any part of Ireland. Swift to Pope.
Sullen feas wafh th’ ungenial pole. Thomfon.
Unge'ntle. adj. Plarfh ; rude ; rugged.
Smile, gentle heav’n ! or ftrike, ungentle death !
For this world frowns, and Edward’s fun is clouded. Shakefp.
He is
Vicious, ungentle, foolifhly blunt, unkind. Shakefpeare,
Love, to thee I facrifice
All my ungentle thoughts. Denham's Sophy.
Unge'ntlemanly. adj. Illiberal; not becoming a gentle¬
man.
The demeanor of thofe under Waller, was much more un~
gentlemanly and barbarous. Clarendon, b. viii.
This he contradidts in the almanack publifhed for the prefent year, and in an ungentlemanly manner. Swift.
Unge'ntleness. n.fi Harfhnefs ; rudenefs ; feverity.
Reward not thy fheepe, when ye take oft' his cote.
With twitches and patches as broad as a groat;
Let not fuch ungentlenejs happen to thine. Tuffer,
Unge'ntly. adv. Harflily; rudely.
You’ve ungently, Brutus,
Stole from my bed. Shakefpeare's Julius Cafar.
Why fpeaks my father fo ungently ? Shakefp. Tempejl.
Nor was it ungently received by Lindamira. Arbuth. and Pope.
Unge'ntleness. n. fi Unkindnefs ; incivility.
You have done me much ungentlenefs
To fhew the letter that I writ to you. Shakefpeare.
Ungeome'trical. adj. Not agreeable to the laws of geo¬
metry.
All the attempts before Sir Ifaac Newton, to explain the
regular appearances of nature, were mgeometrical, and all of
them inconfiftent and unintelligible. Cheyne.
Ungi'lded. adj. Not overlaid with gold.
You, who each day can theatres behold.
Like Nero s palace, fhining all with gold.
Our mean, ungilded ftage will fcorn. Dryden.
T»
5
U N G
To Ungi'rd. v. a. To loofe any thing bound with a girdle.
The man ungirded his camels, and gave them ftraw and
provender. Gen. xxiv. 32.
The bleft parent
TJngirt her fpacious bofom, and difeharg d _
The pond’rous birth. Prior.
Ungi'rt. adj. Loofely drefled.
One tender foot was bare> the other fhod }
Her robe ungirt. Waller.
Mulciber afligns the proper place
For Carians, and th’ ungirt Numidian race. Dryden.
Unglo'rified. adj. Not honoured; not exalted with praife
and adoration.
Left God ftiould be any way unglorified, the greateft part
of our daily fervice confifteth, according to the blefled apoftle’s own precife rule, in much variety of pfalms and hymns ;
that out of fo plentiful a treafure, there might be for every
man’s heart to chufe out for his own facrifice. Hooker.
Unglo'ved. adj. Having the hand naked.
When we were come near to his chair, he flood up, hold¬
ing forth his hand ungloved, and in pofture of bleffing. Bacon.
Ungi'ving. adj. Not bringing gifts.
In vain at fhrines th’ ungiving fuppliant {lands :
This ’tis to make a vow with empty hands. Dryden.
To Unglu'e. v. a. To loofe any thing cemented.
Small rains relax and unglue the earth, to give vent to in¬
flamed atoms. Harvey on the Plague.
She ftretches, gapes, unglues her eyes.
And afks if it be time to rife. Swift.
To Ungo d. v. a. To diveft of divinity.
Were we wak’ned by this tyranny,
T’ ungod this child again, it could not be
I fhould love her, who loves not me. Donne.
Thus men ungodded may to places rife,
And fedls may be preferr’d without difguife. Dryden.
Ungo'dlily. adv. Impioufly ; wickedly.
’Tis but an ill efiay of that godly fear, to ufe that very
gofpel fo irreverently and ungodlily. Government of the Tongue.
Ungo'dliness. n.f. Impiety; wickednefs 3 negleft of God.
How grofsly do many of us contradidl the plain precepts of
the gofpel by our ungodlinefs and worldly lufts ? Tillotfou.
Ungodly, adj.
1. Wicked 3 negligent of God and his law3.
His juft, avenging ire.
Had driven out th’ ungodly from his fight,
And the habitations of the juft. Milton's Par. Lojl.
The finner here intended is the ungodly finner : he who for¬
gets or defies his God. „ Rogers.
2. "Polluted by wickednefs.
Let not the hours of this ungodly day
Wear out in peace. Shakefpeare.
Ungc/red. adj. Unwounded 3 unhurt.
I ftand aloof, and will no reconcilement;
’Till by fome elder mafters of known honour,
I have a voice and precedent of peace,
To keep my name ungor'd. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Ungo/RGEd. adj. Not filled 3 not fated.
The hell-hounds, as ungorged with flefh and blood,
Purfue their prey. Dryden.
Oh ungor'd appetite ! Oh ravenous thirft
Of a fon’s blood. Smith's Phcedra and Hippolytus.
Ungo vernable, adj.
1. Not to be ruled ; not to be reftrained.
They’ll judge every thing by models of their own; and
thus are rendered unmanagable by any authority, and ungo¬
vernable by other laws, but thofe of the fword. Glanville.
2. Licentious 3 wild 3 unbridled.
So wild and ungovernable a poet, cannot be tranflated lite¬
rally ; his genius is too ftrong to bear a chain. Dryden.
He was free from any rough, ungovernable paflions, which
hurry men on to fay and do very offenfive things. Atterbury.
Ungc/verned. adj.
prnmpnf
Shakefp. Rich. III.
Shakefpeare.
1. Being without government.
The eftate is yet ungovern'd.
It pleafeth God above.
And all good men of this ungovern'd ifle.
2. Not regulated 3 unbridled ; licentious.
Seek for him.
Left his ungovern d rage diffolve the life
That wants the means to lead it. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Themfelves they vilify’d
To ferve ungovern'd appetite. Milton’s Par. Lof.
Nor what to bid, or what forbid, he knows j
Th’ ungovern'd tempeft to fuch fury grows. Dryden.
From her own back the burthen would remove,
And lays the load on his ungovern'd love. Dryden.
Ung'ot. adj.
1. Not gained ; not acquired.
2. Not begotten.
He is as free from touch or foil with her,
As {he from one ungot. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meafuret
U N G
His loins yet full of ungot princes j all
His glory in the bud. Waller*
UngraCeful. adj. Wanting elegance 3 wanting beauty.
Rophael anfwer’d heav’n,
Nor are thy lips ungraceful, fire of men. Milton.
A folicitous watchfulnefs about one’s behaviour, inftead of
being mended, it will be conftrained, uneafy, and ungrace¬
ful. Locke.
He enjoyed the greateft ftrength of good fenfe, and the
moft exquifite tafte of politenefs. Without the firft learning is
butan incumbrance; and without the laft is ungraceful. Addifon.
Ungratefulness, n.f Inelegance: awkwardnefs.
To attempt the putting another genius upon him, will
be labour in vain ; and what is fo plaiftered on, will have al¬
ways hanging to it the ungracefulnefs of conftraint. Locke.
UngraTious. adj.
1. Wicked ; odious; hateful.
He, catching hold of her ungracious tongue,
Thereon an iron lock did fallen firm and ftrong. Spenferr‘
I’ll in the mature time,
With this ungracious paper ftrike the fight
Of the death-pradtis’d duke. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Do not, as fome ungracious paftors do,
Shew me the fteep and thorny way to heav’n j
Whilft he, a puft and recklefs libertine,
Himfelf the primrofe path of dalliance treads.
And recks not his own rede. Shakefp. Hamlet.
To the gods alone
Our future offspring, and our wives are known 3
Th’ audacious ftrumpet, and ungracious fon. Dryden.
2. Offenfive; unpleafing.
Show me no parts which are ungracious to the fight, as all
pre-fhortenings ufually are. Dryden.
3. Unacceptable 3 not favoured.
They did not except againft the perfons of any, though,
feveral were moft ungracious to them. Clarendon.
Any thing of grace towards the Irilh rebels, was as ungra¬
cious at Oxford, as at London. Clarendon.
Neither is it rare to obferve among excellent and learned
divines, a certain ungracious manner, or an unhappy tone of
voice, which they never have been able to {hake off. Swift.
Ungra'nted. adj. Not given 3 not yielded 3 not beftowed.
This only from your goodnefs let me gain.
And this ungranted, all rewards are vain. Dryden.
Ungraceful, adj.
1. Making no returns, or making ill returns for kindnefs.
No perfon is remarkably ungrateful, who was not alfo infufferably proud. South,
2. Making no returns for culture.
Moft when driv’n by winds, the flaming ftorm
Of the long files deftroys the beauteous form ;
Nor will the wither’d {lock be green again 3
Butthe wild olivefhoots,and {hadesth'ungratefu!plain. Dryd.
3. Unpleafing 3 unacceptable.
It cannot be ungrateful, or without fome pleafure to pofterity, to fee the moft exadt relation of an action fo full of
danger. Clarendon.
What is in itfelf harlh and ungrateful, muft make harfh
and ungrateful impreffions upon us. Atterbury.
Ungracefully, adv.
1. With ingratitude.
When call’d to diftant war.
His vanquifh’d heart remain’d a vidlim here :
Oriana’s eyes that glorious conqueft made 3
Nor was his love ungratefully repaid. Granville.
We often receive the benefit of our prayers, when yet we
ungratefully charge heaven with denying our petitions. Wake.
2. Unacceptably; unpleafing.
Ungratefulness, n.f.
1. Ingratitude ; ill return for good.
Can I, without the deteftable {lain of ungratefulnefs, abftain from loving him, who, far exceeding the beautifulnefs
ofhis fhape with the beautifulnefs of his mind, is content fo to
abafe himfelf asto become Dametas’s fervant for my fake. Sidn.
2. Unacceptablenefs 3 unpleafing quality.
Ungra'vely. adv. Without lerioufnefs.
His prefent portance
Gibingly, and ungravely, he did faftiion. Shakefpeare.
Ungrou'nded. odj. Having no foundation.
Ignorance, with an indifferency for truth, is nearer to it
than opinion with ungrounded inclination, which is the great
fource of errour. . Locke.
This is a confidence the moft ungrounded and irrational.
For upon what ground can a man promife himfelf a future
repentance, who cannot promife himfelf a futurity f South.
Ungru dgingly, adv. Withoutill will 3 willingly 3 heartily 3
cheerfully.
If, when all his art and time is fpent,
He fay ’twill ne’er be found, yet be content;
Receive from him the doom ungrudgingly,
Becaufe he is the mouth of deftiny. Donne.
Uncua rded.
9
U N H U N H
Unc.ua'rued. adj.
1. Undefended.
Proud art thou met ? Thy hope was to have reach’d
'T he throne ot God unguarded, and his lide
Abandon’d. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. vi. /. 133*
All through th’ unguarded gates with joy refort,
To fee the flighted camp, the vacant port. Denham.
No door there was th’ unguarded houfe to keep,
On creaking hinges turn’d, to break his lleep. Dryden.
2. Carelefs ; negligent.
All the evils that proceed from an untied tongue, and an
unguarded, unlimited will, we put upon the accounts of
drunkennefs. Taylor.
The fpy, which does this treafure keep.
Does fhe ne’er fay her pray’rs, nor fleep ?
Or have not gold and flatt’ry pow’r.
To purchafe one unguarded hour ? Prior.
With an unguarded look fhe now devour’d
My nearer face ; and now recall’d her eye,
And heav’d, and drove to hide a fudden figh. Prior.
It was intended only to divert a few young ladies, of good
fenfe and good humour enough to laugh not only at their lex’s
little unguarded follies, but at their own. Pope.
Are we not encompifTed by multitudes, who watch every
carelefs word, every unguarded adlion of our lives ? Rogers.
TJnguiBed. adj. Not directed ; not regulated.
The blood weeps from my heart, when I do fhape.
In forms imaginary, th’ unguided days,
And rotten times that you fhall look upon,
When I am fleeping with my anceftors. Shakefpeare.
Can unguided matter keep itfelf to fuch exaft conformi¬
ties, as not in the lead fpot to vary from the Ipecies ? Glanville.
They refolve all into the accidental, unguided motions of
blind matter. Locke.
Nature, void of choice.
Does by unguided motion things produce,
Regardlefs of their order. Blackmore on the Creation.
U'nouent. rt. J'. [unguentum, Lat.] Ointment.
Pre-occupation of mind ever requireth preface of fpeech,
like a fomentation to make the unguent enter. Bacon.
There is an intercourfe between the magnetick unguent and
the vulnerated body. Glanville.
With unguents fmooth, the lucid marble fhone. Pope.
Ungue/ssed. adj. Not attained by conjecture.
He me fent, for caufe to me unguejs'd. Fairy Sjueen.
Unhabitable, adj. [inhabitable, Fr. mhabitabilis, Lat.] Not
capable to fupport inhabitants; uninhabitable. /
The night and day was always a natural day of twenty-four
hours, in all places remote from the unhabitable poles of the
world, and winter and dimmer always meafured a year. Holder.
Though the courfe of the fun be curbed between the tropicks, yet are not thofe parts direCtly fubjeCt to his perpendi¬
cular beams, unhabitable, or extremely hot. Ray.
Unha'cked. adj. Not cut; not hewn; not notched with
cuts. . . -
With a blefTed, and unvex’d retire,
With unhack'd fwords, and helmets all unbruis’d.
We will bear home that lufty blood again. Shakefpeare.
Part with unhack'd edges, and bear back
Our targe undinted. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
To Unha^low. v. a. To deprive of holinefs j to profane ;
to defecrate.
Perhaps the fact
Is not fo heinous now, foretaffed fruit;
Profan’d find by theTerpent; by him firff
Made common, and unhallow'd, ere our tade. Milton.
The vanity unhallows the virtue. L'Ejlrange.
This one ufe left fuch an indelible facrednefs upon them,
that the impiety of the defign could be no fufficient reafon to
unhallow and degrade them to common ufe. South.
Unha'llowed. adj. Unholy; profane.
"1 hy currifh fpirit
Govern’d a wolf, who hang’d for human (laughter:
Ev’n from the gallows did his fell foul fleet;
And while thou lay’d in thy unhallow'd dam
Infus’d itfelf in thee. Shakejp, Merchant of Venice.
I had not unlock’d my lips
In this unhallow'd air, but that this jugler
Would think to charm my judgment, as mine eyes,
Obtruding falfe rules, pranck’d in reafon’s garb. Milton.
Nor (hall prefume to violate thefe bands.
Or touch thy perfon with unhallow'd hands. Dryden.
Here ceafe thy flight, nor with unhallow'd lays
Touch the fair fame of Albion’s golden days. Pope.
To Unha'nd. v. a. To loofe from the hand.
Still am I call’d. Unhand me, gentlemen. Shakefpeare.
Unhand me, traitors. Denham's Sophy.
Unha'ndled. adj. Not handled ; not touched.
A race of youthful and unbundled colts.
Fetching mad bounds. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
Cardinal CampciuS
Hath left the caufe o’ th’ king unhandled. Shakefp. Hen. VIIL
Unha'ndsome. n. f.
Ungraceful ; not beautiful.
I was glad I had done fo good a deed for a gentlewoman
not unhandfome, whom before 1 had in like fort helped. Sidney.
She that fo far the reft out-fhin’d ;
Silvia the fair, while fhe was kind,
Seems only not unhandfome now. IValler.
As I cannot admit that there is any thing unhandfome or ir¬
regular ; fo much lefs can I grant that there is any thing in¬
commodious in the globe. Woodward.
2. Illiberal ; difingenuous.
Un,ha/ndsomely. adv. [from unhandfome.]
1. Inelegantly; ungracefully.
The ruined churches are fo unhandjomely patched and
thatched, that men do even fhun the places for the uncomehnefs thereof. Spcnfer.
2. Difingenuoufly; illiberally.
He raves, Sir ; and to cover my difdain,
Unbandfomely would his denial feign. Dryden.
Unha'ndsomeness. n. f. [from unhandfome.]
1. Want of beauty.
The fweetnefs of her countenance did give fuch a grace
to what fhe did, that it did make handfome the unhandjomenefs
of it; and make the eye force the mind to believe, that there
was a praife in that unfkilfulnefs. Sidney, b. ii.
2. Want ®f elegance.
Be not troublefome to thyfelf, or to others, by unhandfomenefs or uncleannefs. Taylor.
3. Illiberalnefs; difingenuity.
Unhandy, adj. Awkward; not dexterous*
Unha'nged. adj. Not put to death by the gallows.
There live not three good men unhang'd in England. Shakef
Unha'p. n.f Mifsluck ; ill fortune.
She vifited that place, where firft fhe was fo happy as to
fee the caufe of her unhap. Sidney.
UnijaBpied. [This word feems a participle from unhappy,
which yet is never ufed as a verb.] Made unhappy.
You have milled a prince,
A happy gentleman in blood and lineament,
By you unhappied, and disfigur’d clean. Shakefpeare.
Unha'ppilv. adv. [from unhappy.] Miferably ; unfoitunately j
wretchedly ; calamitoufly.
You hold a fair aflembly : you do well, lord:
You are a churchman, or I’ll tell you, cardinal,
1 fliould judge now moft unhappily. Shakefpeare.
He was unhappily too much ufed as a check upon the lord .
Coventry. Clarendon*
I unweeting have offended,
Unhappily deceiv’d ! Milton's Par. Lojl.
There is a day a coming, when all thefe witty fools fhall
be unhappily undeceived. Tillotjon s Sermons.
UnhaBpiness. n.f.
1. Mifery; infelicity,
If ever he have child, abortive be it,
Prodigious, and untimely brought to light.
And that be heir to his unhappinefs. Shakefpeare*
The real foundation of our unhappinefs would be laid in out
reafon, and we fhould be more miferable than the beafts, by
how much we have a quicker apprehenfion. Tillotfon.
It is our great unhappinefs, when any calamities fall upon
us, that we are uneafy, and diffatisfied. Wake.
2. Calamity ; diftrefs.
She hath often dream’d of unhappinefs, and waked herfelf
with laughing. Shakejp. Much Ado about Nothing.
3. Misfortune ; ill luck.
St. Auftin hath laid down a rule to this purpofe, though
he had the unhappinefs not to follow it always himfelf. Burnet,
Unha'ppy. adj. Wretched; miferable; unfortunate; cala¬
mitous ; diftrefted.
Defire of wand’ring this unhappy morn, Milton.
You know not, while you here attend,
Th’ unworthy fate of your unhappy friend ;
Breathlefs he lies, and his unbury’d ghoft
Depriv’d of funeral rites. Dryden.
To UnhaBbour. V. a. To drive from flicker.
Unha'rboured. adj. Affording no fhelter.
’Tis chaftity :
She that has that is clad in complete fteel;
And, like a quiver’d nymph, with arrows keen,
May trace huge forefts, and unharbour'd heaths,
Infamous hills, and fandy perilous wilds. Milton.
Unha'rdened. adj. Not confirmed; not made hard.
Meflengers
Of ftrong prevailment in unharden'd youth. Shakefpeare.
Unha'rdy. adj. Feeble; tender; timorous.
'1 he wifeff, unexperienc’d, will be ever
Tim’rous and loth, with novice modeffy;
Irrefolute, unhardy, undavent’roiu. * Milton.
29 Un-
I
U N H U N H
Unharmed, adj. Unhurt ; not injured.
In ftrong proof of chaftity well armed,
From love’s weak, childifh bow (he lives unharm'd. Shakef.
Though great light be infuflerablc to our eyes ; yet
the higheft degree of darknefs does not difeafe them, for
cauiing no diforderly motion, it leaves that curious organ un¬
harmed. Locke.
The Syrens once deluded, vainly charm’d ;
Ty’d to the mad, Ulyfles fail’d unharm'd. Granville.
Unha'rmful. adj. Innoxious ; innocent.
Themfelves unharmful, let them live unharm’d ;
Their jaws difabled, and their claws difarm’d. Dryden.
Unharmo'nious. adj.
1. Not fymmetrical; difproportionate.
Thofe pure, immortal elements, that know
No grofs, no unharmonious mixture foul,
Ejedf him, tainted now, and purge him off. Milton.
2. Unmufical; ill-founding.
His thoughts are improper to his fubjedf, his expreflions
unworthy of his thoughts, or the turn of both is unharmonious. Dryden.
That barbarous cuftom of abbreviating words, to fit them
to the meafure of verfes, has formed harfh, unharmonious
founds. Swift.
To Unha'rness. v. a.
1. To loofe from the traces.
The fweating fleers unharnefs'd from the yoke,
Bring back the crooked plough. Dryden.
The mules unharnej.}’d range befide the main. Pope.
If there were fix horfes, the poftillion always unharnejfed
four, and placed them on a table. Swift.
2. To difarm ; to divert of armour.
Unha'zarded. adj. Not adventured; not put in danger.
Here I fhou’d ftill enjoy thee day and night
Whole to myfelf, unhazarded abroad,
Fearlefs at home. Milton's Agoni/les, /. 807.
Unha'tched. adj.
1. Not difclofed from the eggs.
2. Not brought to light.
Some unhatch'd practice
Hath puddled his clear fpirit. w Shakefpeare.
U nheaTthful. adj. Morbid; unwholefome.
The difeafes which make years unhealtbful, are fpotted
fevers ; and the unhealthful feafon is the autumn. Graunt.
At every fentence let his life at flake.
Though the difcourfe were of no weightier things,
Than fultry fummers, or unhealthful fprings. Dryden.
Unhealthy, adj. Sickly; wanting health.
No body would have a child cramm’d at breakfaft, who
would not have him dull and unhealthy. Locke on Education.
He, intent on fomewhat that may eafe
Unhealthy mortals, and with curious fearch
Examines all the properties of herbs. Philips,
To Qnhea'rt. v. a. To difcourage ; to deprefs.
To bite his lip,
And hum at good Cominius, much unhearts me. Shakefp.
Unhea'rd. adj.
1. Not perceived by the ear.
For the noife of drums and timbrels loud,
Their childrens cries unheard. Milton's Par. Lojl.
2. Not vouchfafed an audience.
What pangs I feel, unpitied and unheard! Dryden.
3. Unknown in celebration.
Nor was his name unheard, or unador’d. Milton.
4. Unheard of. Obfcure; not known by fame.
Free from hopes or fears, in humble eafe.
Unheard of may I live and die in peace. Granville.
5. Unheard of. Unprecedented.
There is a foundation laid for the moll unheard of confufion
that ever was introduced into a nation. Swift.
Unhea/ted. adj. Not made hot.
Neither falts, nor the diftilled fpirits of them can penetrate
the narrow pores of unheated glafs. Boyle.
Unheeded, adj. Difregarded ; not thought worthy of no¬
tice.
True experiments may, by reafon of the eafy miftake of
fome unheeded circumflance, be unfuccefsfully tried. Boyle.
He of his fatal guile gave proof unheeded. Milton.
Her hair
In a fimple knot was tv’d above ;
Sweet negligence ! unheeded bait of love. Dryden.
The triumph ceas’d—tears gufh’d from ev’ry eye,
The world’s great vidlor pafs’d unheeded by. Pope.
Unheeding, adj. Negligent; carelefs.
I have not often leen him ; if I did.
He pafs’d unmark’d by my unheeding eyes. Dryden.
Unhee'dy. adj. Precipitate; fudden.
Learning his fhip from thofe white rocks to fave.
Which all along the fouthern fea-coaft lay,
Threat’ning unheedy wreck, and rafh decay.
He nam’d Albion* Fairy Spueen^ b. ii. a 1.
Nor hath love’s mind of any judgment tafte ;
Wings and no eyes, figure Urtheedy halte. Shakefb
So have I feen fome tender flip, JP'
Sav’d with care from winter’s nip ;
“1 he pride ol her carnation train
Pluck d up by fome unheedy Twain. Milton.
To UNHErtE. v. a. Fo uncover; to expofe to view. Spenfer.
Unhe lped. adj. Unaffifted ; having no auxiliary ; unfupported.
Unhelp'd I am, who pity’d the diftrefs’d,
And none opprefling, am by all opprefs’d. Dryden.
Unhe'lpful. adj. Giving no afliftance.
I bewail good Glo’fter’s cafe
With fad, unhelpful tears. Shakefp. Hen. VII.
Unhe'wn. part. adj. Not hewn.
In occafions of merriment, this rough-cart, unhewn poetry,
was inrtead of ftage plays. Dryden's Dedication to Juvenal.
UnhFdebound. adj. Lax of maw; capacious.
Though plenteous, all too little feems
To fluff this maw, this vaft, unhidebound corps. Milan.
To Unhi'nge. v. a.
1. To throw from the hinges.
2. To difplace by violence.
For want of cement, ribs of rock disjoin’d
Without an earthquake, from their bale would rtart,
And hills unhing'd, from their deep roots depart. Blackmore.
3. Todiforder; to confule.
Rather than not accompliflh my revenge,
Juft or unjuft, I would the world unhinge. Waller.
If God’s providence did not order it, cheats would not
only juftle private men out of their rights, but unhinge Hates,
and run all into confufion. Ray on the Creation.
Unho'liness. n.f Impiety; profanenefs ; wickednefs.
Too foul and manifeft was the unholinefs of obtruding upon
men remiflion of fins for money. Raleigh.
Unho'ly. adj.
1. Profane; not hallowed.
Doth it follow that all things now in the church are unholy,
which the Lord hath not himfelf precilely inftituted ? Hooker.
2. Impious; wicked.
We think not ourfelves the holier, becaufe we ufe it; fo
neither fhould they with whom no fuch thing is in ufe, think
us therefore unholy, becaufe we fubmit ourfelves unto that,
which, in a matter fo indifferent, the wifdom of authority
and law have thought comely. Hooker.
From the paradife of God,
Without remorfe, drive out the finful pair.
From hallow’d ground th’ unholy. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Far other dreams my erring foul employ j
Far other raptures of unholy joy. Pope.
Unho'noured. adj.
1. Not regarded with veneration ; not celebrated.
Unhonour'd though I am, at leaft, faid fhe.
Not unreveng’d that impious a<ft fhall be. Dryden.
Pales unhonour'd, Ceres unemploy’d.
Were all forgot. Dryden.
2. Not treated with refpe£t.
Griev’d that a vifitant fo long fhou’d wait.
Unmark’d, unhonour'd> at a monarch’s gate. Pope.
To Unhoo'p. v. a. To divert of hoops.
Unhoop the fair fex, and cure this fafhionable tympany got
among them. Addifon’s Spectator, N°. 127.
Unho'ped. ) adj. Not expected ; greater than hope had
Unho'ped for. J promifed.
With unhop'd fuccefs
Th’ embaffadors return with promis’d peace. Dryden.
Heav’n has infpir’d with a fudden thought,
Whence your unhop'd-for fafety may be wrought. Dryden.
Unho'peful. adj. Such as leaves no room to hope.
Benedict is not the unhopefullejl hufband that I know : thus
far I can praife him ; he is of approved valour. Shakefp.
I thought theroufing ftyle I wrote in, might prove no un¬
hopeful way to procure fomewhat confiderable from thole
great mafters of chymical arcana. Boyle.
To Unho'rse. v. a. To beat from an horfe ; to throw from
the faddie.
He would unhorfe the lurtieft challenger. Shakejpeare.
The emperor refeued a noble gentleman, whom, unhorfd
and fore wounded, the enemy was ready to have (lain. Knolles.
On a fourth he flies, and him unhorjes too. Daniel.
They are forc’d
To quit their boats, and fare like men unhors'd. Waller.
The knights unhors'd may rife from off the plain,
And fight on foot, their honour to regain, Dryden.
Unho'spitable. adj. finhofpitalis, Lat.] Affording no kindnefs
or entertainment to ftrangers ; cruel; barbarous.
The cruel nation, covetous of prey,
Stain’d with my blood th’ unhofpitable coaft. Dryden.
Unhi/stile. adj. Not belonging to an enemy.
The high-prancing fteeds
Spurn their difmounted riders ; they expire
Indignant, by unhojlile wounds deltroy’d, Philips.
To
U N I
To Unhoi/se. v. a. To drive from the habitation.
Seek true religion : O where ? Mirreus !
Thinking her unhous'd here, and fled from us,
Seek her at Rome. Donne.
Death unawares with his cold, kind embrace.
Unhous'd thy virgin foul from her fair biding place. Milton.
Unhou'sed. adj.
1. Homclefs; wanting a houfe.
Call the creatures,
Whofe naked natures live in all the fpight
Of wreakful heav’n ; whofe bare, unhoufed trunks,
To the conflicting elements expos’d,
Anfwer meer nature. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
2. Having no fettled habitation.
But that I love the gentle Defdemona,
I would not my unboujed, free condition
Put into circumfcription and confine. Sbakefp. Othello.
Hear this,
You unhous'd, lawlefs, rambling libertines. Southern.
UnhoiFselled. adj. Having not the facrament.
Thus was I fleeping, by a brother’s hand,
Of life, of crown, of queen at once difpatch’d ;
Cut off even in the blofl'oms of my fin,
Unhoufell'd, unanointed, unanell’d. Shakefp. Hamlet.
UnhiFmbled. adj. Not humbled ; not touched with fhame
or confufion.
Should I of thefe the liberty regard,
Who, freed as to their antient patrimony,
Unhurnbled, unrepented, unreformed,
Headlong would follow. Milton's Par. Regain'd.
UnhiFrt. adj. Free from harm.
Of fifteen hundred, eight hundred were (lain in the field ;
and of the remaining feven hundred, two men only came off
unhurt. Bacon's War with Spain.
I tread more lightly on the ground;
My nimble feet from unhurt flow’rs rebound ;
I walk in air. Dryden's State of Innocence.
Supported by thy care.
Through burning climes I pafs’d unhurt,
And breath’d in tainted air. Addifons Spectator.
The ftars fhall fade away ;
But thou fhalt flourifh in immortal youth,
Unhurt, amidft the war of elements,
The wrecks of matter, and the crufh of worlds. Addifon.
Unhu'rtful. adj. Innoxious ; harmlefs ; doing no harm.
You hope the duke will return no more, or
You imagine me too unhurtful an oppofite. Shakefpeare.
Flames unhurtful, hovering, dance in ait*. Blackmore.
UnhiFrtfully. adv. Without harm; innoxioufly.
We laugh at others as innocently and as unhurtfully, as
at ourfelves. Pope to Swift.
UTicorn. n.f. [unicornis, unus and cornu, Lat.]
1. A beaft, whether real or fabulous, that has only one horn.
Wert thou the unicorn, pride and wrath would confound
thee. Shakefpeare's Timon ofAthens.
Unicorns may be betray’d with trees.
Bears with glades, men with flatterers. Shakefpeare.
Nature in cornigerous animals hath placed the horns in¬
verted upwards, as in the rhinoceros, Indian afs, and unicorn
beetles. Brown's \Vulgar Errours.
It is not of confequence, that becaufe Diofcorides hath
made no mention of unicorns horn, there is therefore no fuch
thing in nature. Brown's Fulgar Errours.
Some unicorns we will allow even among infeCts, as thofe
naficornous beetles deferibed by Muftetus. Brown.
Will the fierce unicorn thy voice obey,
Stand at the crib, and feed upon the hay ? Sandys.
2. A bird.
Of the unicorn bird, the principal marks are thefe ; headed
and footed like the dunghill cock, tailed like a goofe, horned
on his forehead, with fomc likenefs, as the unicorn is pictured ;
fpur’d on his wings, bigger than a fwan. Grew.
UNIFORM, adj. [unus and forma.]
x. Keeping its tenour; fimiiar to itfelf.
Though when confufedly mingled, as in this flratum, it
may put on a face never fo uniform and alike, yet it is in
reality very different. Woodward.
2. Conforming to one rule ; aCting in the fame manner ; agree¬
ing with each other.
The only doubt is about the manner of their unity, how
far churches are bound to be uniform in their ceremonies,
and what way they ought to take for that purpofe. Hooker.
Creatures of what condition foever, though each in dif¬
ferent manner, yet all with uniform confent, admire her, as
the mother of their peace and joy. Hooker.
Numbers, being neither uniform in their defigns, nor diredl
in their views, neither could manage nor maintain the power
they got. Swift.
Unifo'rmity. n.f. [uniformity Fr.]
I. Refemblance to itfelf; even tenour.
There is no uniformity in the defign of Spenfer j he aims
at the accomplifhment of no one adtion, Dryclen.
4
U N I
Queen Elizabeth was remarkable for that fleadinefs and
uniformity which ran through all her aCtions. Addifon.
2. Conformity to one pattern ; refemblance of one to another.
The unity of that vifible body and church of Chrift, confifteth in that uniformity, which all the feveral perfons there¬
unto belonging have, by reafon of that one Lord, whofe
fervants they all profefs thcmfelves ; that one faith which they
all acknowledge ; that one baptifm wherewith they are all
initiated. Hooker, b. iii.
IFniformly. adv. [from uniform.]
1. Without variation ; in an even tenour.
That faith received from the apoitles, the church, though
difperfed throughout the world, doth notwithftanding keep
as fafe, as if it dwelt within the walls of fome one houfe,
and as uniformly hold, as if it had but one only heart and
foul. Hooker, b. v.
The capillamenta of the nerves are each of them folid
and uniform; and the vibrating motion of the rethereal me¬
dium may be propagated along them from one end to the
other unifortnly, and without interruption. Newton's Opticks.
2. Without diverfity of one from another.
Unimaginable. adj. Not to be imagined by the fancy ;
not to be conceived.
Things to their thought
So unimaginable, as hate in heav’n. Milton's Par. Loft.
The fkilful organift plies his grave-fancied defcant in lofty
fugues, or the whole fymphony, with artful and unimaginable
touches, adorns and graces the well-ftudied chords of iome
choice compofer. Milton on Education.
An infinite fucceffion of the generations of men, without
any permanent foundation, is utterly unimaginable. Tillotfcn.
Unima'ginably. adv. To a degree not to be imagined.
Little commiflures, where they adhere, may not be porous
enough to be pervious to the unimaginably fubtle corpulcles,
that make up the beams of light. Boyle.
Unimitable. adj. [inimitable, Fr. inimitabilis, Lat.] Not to
be imitated.
Both thefe are unimitable. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
Unimmo'rtal adj. Not immortal ; mortal.
They betook them feveral ways.
Both to deftroy, or unimmortal make
All kinds. Milton.
Unimpa'irable. adv. Not liable to wafte or diminution.
If the fuperior be unimpairable, it is a ftrong prefumption,
that the inferiors are likewife unimpaired. Hakewill.
Unimpaired, adj. Not diminifhed ; not worn out.
Yet unimpair'd with labours, or with time.
Your age but feems to a new youth to climb. Dryden,
If our filver and gold diminilhes, our publick credit con¬
tinues unimpaired. Addifon on the State of the War.
Unimplo'red. adj. Not folicited.
If anfwerable ftile I can obtain
Of my celeftial patronefs, who deigns
Her nightly vifitation unimplor'd. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Unimportant, adj. Affuming no airs of dignity.
A free, unimportant, natural, ealy manner ; diverting others
juft as we diverted ourfelves. Pope to Swift.
UnimportiFned. adj. Net folicited ; not teazeJ to com¬
pliance.
Who ever ran
To danger unimportun'd, he was then
No better than a fanguine, virtuous man. Donne.
Unimpro'vable. adj. Incapable of melioration.
Unimpro'vableness. n.f. [from unimprovable.] Quality of
not being improveable.
This muft be imputed to their ignorance and unimprovablenefs in knowledge, being generally without literature. Hum.
Unimpro'ved. adj.
1. Not made more knowing.
Not a mafk went unimprov'd away. Pope.
2. Not taught; not meliorated by inftruCtion.
Young Fortinbrafs,
Of unimproved mettle hot and full. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Shallow, unimproved intellects, are confident pretenders to
certainty. Glanvilie.
UnincreaRable. adj. Admitting no increafe.
That love, which ought to be appropriated to God, refults chiefly from an altogether, or almoft unincreafable eleva¬
tion and vaftnefs of affeCtion. Boyle.
Unindi'fferent. adj. Partial; leaning to a fide.
His opinion touching the catholick church was as unindifferent, as, touching our church, the opinion of them that fa¬
vour this pretended reformation is. Hooker, b. iv.
Unindi/strious. adj. Notdiligent; not laborious.
Pride we cannot think fo fluggilh or unindujlrious an agent,
as not to find out expedients for its purpofe. Decay of Piety.
Uninfla'mmArle. adj. Not capable of being fet on fire.
The uninflammable ipirit of fuch concretes, may be pretend¬
ed to be but a mixture of phlegm and fait. Boyle.
Uninlfla'med. adj. Not fet on fire.
When weak bodies come to be inflamed, they gather a
much greater heat than others have uninflamed. Bacon.
Un-
U N I U N l
Uninfc/rmeb. adj.
1. Untaught ; uninllruCled.
Nor uninform'd
Of nuptial fan&ity, and marriage rites. M'dton s P. Lajl.
No uninformed minds can represent virtue fo noble to us,
that we neceflarily add fplendour to her. Pope.
2. Unanimated ; not enlivened.
Uningf/nuous. adj. Illiberal ; difingenuous.
Did men know how to diftinguifh between reports and
certainties, this ftratagem would be as unfkilful, as it is uningcnuous. Decay of Piety.
Uninhabitable, adj. Unfit to be inhabited.
If there be any place upon earth of that nature that paradife had, the fame mull be found within that fuppofed un¬
inhabitable burnt zone, or within the tropicks. Raleigh.
Had not the deep been form’d, that might contain
All the collected treafures of the main ;
The earth had (till o’erwhelm’d with water flood.
To man an uninhabitable Rood. Blackmorc.
Uninhabitableness. n. f. Incapacity of being inhabited.
Divers radicated opinions, fuch'as that of the uninhabitablenefs of the torrid zone, of the lolidity of the celeftial part of
the world, are generally grown out of requefl, Boyle.
UniNhaBited. adj. Having no dwellers.
The whole ifland is now uninhabited. Sandys.
Uninhabited, untill’d, unfown
It lies, and breeds the bleating goat alone. Pope.
I caft anchor on the leefide of the ifland, which feemed
to be uninhabited. Gulliver's Travels.
UniBjured. adj. Unhurt; differing no harm.
You may as well fpread out the unfun’d heaps
Of mifers treafure by an outlaw’s den,
And tell me it is fafe ; as bid me hope
Danger will let a helplefs maiden pafs.
Uninjur d in this wild, furrounding wafle. Milton.
Then in full age, and hoary holinefs
Retire, great teacher ! to thy promis’d blifs :
Untouch’d thy tomb, uninjur'd be thy dull.
As thy own fame among the future juft. Prior.
Un in scribed, adj. Having no infcription.
Make facred Charles’s tomb for ever known ;
Obfcure the place, and uninfcrib'd the ftone.
Oh fail accurft ! Pope.
Uninspi'red. adj. Not having received any fupernatural inftrudlion or illumination.
Thus all the truths that men, uninfpired, are enlightened
with, came into their minds. Locke.
My paftoral mufe her humble tribute brings,
And yet not wholly uninfpir'd fhe fings. Dryden.
Uninstri/cted. adj. Not taught; not helped by inftitution.
That fool intrudes, raw in this great affair.
And uninJlruEled how to ftem the tide. Dryden.
It will be a prejudice to none but widows and orphans,
and others uninjlrutted in the arts and management of more
fkilful men. Locke.
It is an unfpeakable blefling to be born in thofe parts
where wifdom flourifhes ; though there are even in thefe
parts, feveral poor, uninfrutted perfons. Addifon.
Though we find few amongft us, who profefs themfelves
Anthropomorphites, yet we may find, amongft the ignorant
and uninjlrutted chriftians, many of that opinion. Locke.
Uninstri/ctive. adj. Not conferring any improvement.
Were not men of abilities thus communicative, their wif¬
dom would be in a great meafure ufelefs, and their experience
uninjlruftive. Addifon.
Unintelligent, adj. Not knowing ; not fkilful; not hav¬
ing any confcioulnefs.
We will give you fleepy drinks, that your fenfes may be
unintelligent of our infufficience. Shakefp. Winter Tale.
The vifible creation is far otherwife apprehended by the
pbilofophical enquirer, than the uniiUeliigent vulgar. Glanville.
This conclufion, if men allow’d of, they would not deftroy ill-formed productions. Ay, but thefe monfters. Let
them be fo; what will your drivelling, unintelligent, undat¬
able changeling be ? Locke.
Why then to works of nature is aflign’d
An author unintelligent and blind ;
When ours proceed from choice ? Blackmore.
I he obvious produts of unintelligent nature. Bentl.
Unintf.i ligibi'lity. n.f Quality of not being intelligible.
Credit the unintellegibility of this union and motion. Glanville.
If we have truly proved the unintelligibility of it in all other
ways, this argumentation is undeniable. Burnet.
Unintelligible, adj. [mintilligible, Fr.j Not fuch as can
be underftood
1 he Latin, three hundred years before Tully, was as uninte ligible in his time, as the Lnglilh and French of the fame
period arc now. Swift.
Did Thetis
Y hefe aims thus labour d for her fon prepare ;
For that dull foul to flare with llupid eyes.
On the learn’d unintelligible prize ! Dryden.
2
This notion muft be defpifed as harmlefs, unintelligible enthufiafm. Rogers's Sermons.
UninteBligIeLy. adv. In a manner not to be under¬
ftood.
Sound is not unintelligibly explained by a vibrating motion
communicated to the medium. Locke.
I o talk of ipecifick differences in nature, without refe¬
rence to general ideas, is to talk unintelligibly. Locke.
Unintentional, adj. Notdefigned; happening without defign.
Befides the unintentional deficiencies of my ftyle, I have
purpofely tranfgrefled the laws of oratory, in making my pe¬
riods over-long Boyle.
UnTnterEssed. ~l j. \t ,
TT / z adj. INot having intereft.
UnT NTERESTED. ) ' ® ’
The greatefl part of an audience is always unintereffed,
though leldom knowing. Dryden.
UnintermFtted. adj. Continued; not interrupted.
This motion of the heavenly bodies feems to be partly con¬
tinued and uninterrupted, as that motion of the firft moveable
partly interpolated and interrupted. Hale's Origin.
UnintermTxed. adj. Not mingled.
Unintermix'd with ficlious fantafies,
I verify the truth, not poetize. Daniel's Civil War.
Uninterrupted. adj. Not broken ; not interrupted.
Thy conftant quiet fills my peaceful bread
With unmixt joy, uninterrupted reft. Rofcommon.
Governments fo divided among themfelves in matters of
religion, maintain uninterrupted union and correfpondence,
that no one ofthem is for invading the rights of another. Addif
The hills rife infallibly, and leave the eye a vaft, uninter¬
rupted profpeCt. Addifon.
The uninterrupted flitch in fuperficial wounds, is re¬
jected. Sharp's Surgeryt
Uninterru ptedly, adv. Without interruption.
The will thus determined, never lets the underflanding
lay by the objeCt; but all the thoughts of the mind, and
powers of the body are uninterruptedly employ’d. Locke.
intrenched, adj. Not intrenched.
It had been cowardice in the Trojans, not to have at¬
tempted any thing againft an army that lay unfortified and un¬
intrenched. Pope.
Uninve/stigable. adj. Not to be fearched out.
The number of the works of this vifible world being uninvejligable by us, afford us a demonftrative proof of the un¬
limited extent of the creator’s fkill. Ray.
Uninvi'ted. adj. Not afked.
His honefl friends, at thirfty hour of dufk.
Come uninvited. Philips.
UnjoTnted. adj.
1. Disjoined; feparated.
I hear the found of words; their fenfe the air
Diffolves unjointed ere it reach my ear. Milton s Agonijles,.
2. Having no articulation.
They are all three immoveable or unjointed, of the thicknefs of a little pin. Crew's MuJ'teum.
U'nion. n.f [unio, Lat.]
1. The a£l of joining two or more, fo as to make them
one.
Adam, from whofe dear fide I boaft me fprung.
And gladly of our union hear thee fpeak,
One heart, one foul in both ! Milton's Par. Lojl.
One kingdom, joy, and union without end. Milton.
2. Concord ; conjunction of mind or interefts.
The experience of thofe profitable emanations from God,
moft commonly are the firft motive of our love ; but when
we once have tailed his goodnefs, we love the fpring for its
own excellency, palling from confidering ourfelves, to an
union with God. Taylor's Rule of-Living Holy.
3. A pearl. Not in ufe.
The king lhall drink to Hamlet’s better breath ;
And in the cup an union lhall he throw.
Richer than that which four fucceffive kings
In Denmark’s crown have worn. Shakefp. Hamlet.
4. [Inlaw.] Union is a combining or confolidation oftwo churches
in one, which is done by the confent ofthe bilhop, the patron,
and incunjbent. And this is properly called an union: but
there are two other forts, as when one church is made fubjeCl to the other, and when one man is made prelate of both,
and when a conventual is made cathedral. Touching union
in the firft fignification, there was a ftatute, an. 37 Hen.
VIII. chap. 21. that it Ihould be lawful in two churches,
whereof the value of the one is not above fix pounds in the
king’s books, of the firft fruits, and not above one mile
diftant from the other. Union in this llgnification is perlonal, and that is for the life of the incumbent; or real, that
is, perpetual, whomever is incumbent. Coved.
Uni'parous. adj. [units and patio.] Bringing one at a
birth.
Others make good the paucity of their breed with the du¬
ration of their days, whereof theie want not examples in
animals uniparous. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
U'nison.
U N I
URiso'n. adj. [urtus and f'onus, Lat.] Sounding alone.
Sounds intermix’d with voice
Choral, or unifon. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vii.
Unison. n.J'.
1. A tlrintr that has the fame found with another.
When moved matter meets with any thing like that, from
which it received its primary imprefs, it will in like manner
move it, as in mufical firings tuned uniJons. Glanville.
2. A fmgle unvaried note.
Loll was the nation’s fenfe, nor could be found,
While a long, folemn unifon went round. Dunciad, b. iv.
U'nit. n.J'. [unus, unities, Lat ] One ; the leaft number;
or the root of numbers.
If any atom fhould be moved mechanically, without attrac¬
tion, ’tis above a hundred million millions odds to an unit,
that it would not ftrike upon any other atom, but glide
through an empty interval without contadl. Bentley's Sermons.
Units are the integral parts of any large number. JVatts.
ToUni'te. v. a. [unitus, Lat.J
1. To join two or more into one.
The force which wont in two to be difperfed,
In one alone right hand he now unites. Fairy Queen.
Whatever truths
Redeem’d from error, or from ignorance,
Thin in their authors, like rich veins of ore,
Your works unite, and Hill difeover more. Dryden.
A proportion for uniting both kingdoms was begun. Swift.
2. To make to agree.
The king propofed nothing more than to unite his king¬
dom in one form of worfliip. Clarendon.
3. To make to adhere.
The peritonaeum, which is a dry body, may be united
with the mufculous flelh. JVifeman's Surgery.
4. To join.
In the lawful name of marrying,
To give our hearts united ceremony. Sbakefpeare:
Let the ground of the picture be well united with colours
of a friendly nature. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
5. To join in intereft.
Unto their affembly, mine honour be notthou united. Gcncfis.
To Uni te. v. n.
X. To join in an a£l; to concur ; to a£1 in concert.
If you will now unite in your complaints,
And force them with a conltancy, the cardinal
Cannot ftand under them. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
2. To coalefce ; to be cemented ; to be confolidated.
3. To grow into one.
Uni'tedly. adv. With union ; fo as to join.
The eyes, which are of a watry nature, ought to be
much painted, and unitedly on their lower parts ; but boldly
touch’d above by the light and fhadows. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
Uni'ter. n. f. The perfon or thing that unites.
Suppofe an uniter of a middle conftitution, that fhould par-
' take of fome of the qualities of both. Glanville's Scept.
UnI'tioN. n. f. [union, Fr. from unite.] The act or power
of uniting ; conjunction ; coalition. A word proper, but
little ufed.
As long as any different fubflance keeps off the unition,
hope not to cure a wound. IViJeman's Surgery.
U'nitive. adj. [from unite.] Having the power of unit¬
ing.
"That can be nothing elfe but the unitive way of reli¬
gion, which confiffs of the contemplation and love of
God. Norris.
U'NITY. n.f [uniias, Lat.]
1. The ftate of being one.
Thofe hereticks introduced a plurality of Gods; and fo
made the profeffion of the unity part of the fymbolum, that
fhould diferiminate the orthodox from them. Hammond.
The production of one being the deftruCtion of another,
although they generate, they increafe not; and muff not be
faid to multiply, who do not tranfeend an unity. Brown.
Man is to beget
Like of his like; his image multiply’d :
In unity defective ; which requires
Collateral love, and deareff amity. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Whatever we can conlider as one thing, fuggefts to the
underftanding the idea of unity. Locke.
2. Concord ; conjunction.
That which you hear, you’ll fwear
You fee, there is fuch unity in the proofs. Sbakefpeare.
We, of all cfyriffians, ought to promote unity among ourfelves and others. Sprat's Sermons.
'3. Agreement; uniformity.
. ' To the avoiding of diffenfion, it availeth much, that
there be amongft them an unity, as well in ceremonies as in
doCtrine. Hooker, b. iv.
4. Principle of dramatick writing, by which the tenour of the
ffory, and propriety of reprefentation is preferved.
The unities of time, place, and aCIion, are exaClly ob¬
served. Dryden s Pref. to Allfor Love.
U N I
Although in poetry it be abfolutely neceffary that the unities
of tirfte, place, and aCtion fhould be thoroughly underflood,
there is flill fomething more effential, that elevates and aftonifhes the fancy. Addifon.
5. [Inlaw.]
Unity of poffeffion is a joint poffeffion of two rights by fcveral titles. For example, I take a leafe of land from one
upon a certain rent; afterwards I buy the fee-fimple. This
is an unity of poffeffion, whereby the leafe is extinguifhed ;
by reafon that 1, who had before the occupation only for my
rent, am become lord of the fame, and am to pay my rent
to none. Cowel.
Unji/dced. adj. Not judicially determined.
Caufes unjudg'd difgrace the loaded file.
And lleeping laws the king’s negleCl revile. Prior.
Universal, adj. [univerfalis, Lat.]
1. General; extending to all.
All forrowed : if all the world could have feen’t, the woe
had been univerfal. Shakefp. Winter Tale<
Appetite, an univerfal wolf,
So doubly feconded with will and power.
Muff make perforce an univerjal prey,
And laft eat up itfelf. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
This excellent epiftle,' though, ini the front of it, it bears a
particular infeription, yet in the drift of it is univerfal, as
defigning to convince all mankind of the neceffity of feeking
for happinefs in the gofpel. South.
2. Total; whole.
From harmony, from heav’nly harmony,
This univerjal frame began. Dryden.
3. Not particular; comprifing all particulars.
From things particular
She doth abftraCf the Univerfal kinds. Davies.
An univerfal was the objeCl of imagination, and there was
no fuch thing in reality. Arbuthnot and Pope.
Universal, n.f. The whole; the general fyffem of the univerfe. Not in ufe.
To what end had the angel been fet to keep the entrance
into paradife after Adam’s expulfion, if the univerfal had
been paradife. Raleigh's FUJI, oj the World.
Plato calleth God the caufe and original, the nature and
reafon of the univerfal. Raleigh.
Universality, n. f. [univerfalitas, fchool Lat.] Not parti¬
cularity ; generality ; exteniion to the whole.
This catalogue of fin, is but of fin under a limitation ; an
univerfality of fin under a certain kind ; that is, of all fins of
diredl and perfonal commiffion. South's Sermons.
The univerfality of the deluge I infill upon : and that ma¬
rine bodies are found in all parts of the world. Woodward.
A fpecial conclufion cannot be inferred from a moral uni¬
verfality, nor always from a phyfical one; though it may be
always inferred from an univerfality that is metaphyfical. JVatts.
Universally, adv. [from univerfal.'] Throughout the whole ;
without exception.
Thofe offences which are breaches of fupernatural laws,
violate in general that principle of reafon which willeth univerfally to fly from evil. Hooker.
There bell beheld, where univerfally admir’d. Milton.
What he borrows from the antients, he repays with ufury
of his own, in coin as good, and as univerfally valuable. Dryd.
Thisinftitution of charity-fchools university prevailed. Addif.
URiverse. n.f [univers, Fr. univerfum, Lat.] The general
fyffem of things.
Creeping murmur, and the poring dark,
Fills the wide veffel of the univerje. Sbakefpeare.
God here fums up all into man ; the whole into a part;
the uhiverfe into an individual. South's Sermons.
Father of heav’n !
Whofe word call’d out this univerfe to birth. Prior.
UniveRsity. n.f. [iunivefitas, Lat.] A fchool, where all
the arts and faculties are taught and lludied.
While I play the good hulband at home, my fon and fervants fpend all at the univerfity. Shakefp. Taming of the ShrevJ.
The univerfities, efpecially Aberdeen, flourifhed under many
excellent fcholars, and very learned men. Clarendon.
UniRocal. adj. [univocus, Lat.]
1. Having one meaning.
Univocal words are fuch as fignify but one idea, or but one
fort of thing : equivocal words are fuch as fignify two or
more different ideas, or different forts of objects. Watts.
2. Certain ; regular; perfuing always one tenour.
This conceit makes putrefactive generations correfpondent unto feminal produdlions; and conceives inequivocal
effedls, and univocal conformity unto the efficient. B/own.
Uni vocally, adv. [from univocal.]
I. In one term ; in one fenfe.
How is fin univocally diftiriguifhiM into venial and mortal,
if the venial be not fin ? Hall.
It were too great prefupnption to think, that there is any
thing in any created nature, that can bear any perfect reiemblance of the incomprehenfible perfedtion of the divine na29 R tuie :
U N K U N K
ture : very being itfelf does not predicate univocally touching
God, and any created being, and intellect, and will, as we
attribute them to him. Hale.
2. In one tenour.
All creatures are generated univocally by parents oftheir own
kind ; there is no fuch thing as fpontaneous generation. Ray.
Unjo'yous. adj. Not gay ; not cheerful.
Morn late rifing o’er the drooping world,
Lifts her pale eye unjoyous. Tbomfon s TVinter.
Unju'st. adj. [injijle, Fr. injtjlus, Lat ] Iniquitous ; contrary
to equity ; contrary to juftice. It is ufed both of perfons
and things.
I fhould forge
Quarrels unjujl againft the good and loyal,
Dcftroying them for wealth. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The Piercies,
Finding his ufurpation molt unjujl,
Endeavour’d my advancement to the throne. Shakefp.
He that is unjujl in the leaft, is unjujl alfo in much. Lukexvi.
Succeeding kings juft recovery of their right, from unjujl
ufurpations and extortions, fhall never be prejudiced by any
act of mine. K. Charles.
Th’ unjujl the juft hath flain. Milton.
Fie who was fo unjujl as to do his brother an injury, will
fcarce be fo juft to condemn himfelf for it. Locke.
IJnjustifiable, adj. Not to be defended ; not to be juftifted.
If thefe reproaches, which aim only at oftentation of wit,
be fo unjijlfiablc, what fhall we fay to thofe that are drawn,
that are founded in malice ? Government ofthe Tongue.
In a juft and honourable war we engaged ; not out of am¬
bition, or any other unjujlifiable motive, but for the defence
of all that was dear to us. Atterbury.
If we could look into effedts, we might pronounce boldly :
but for a man to give his opinion of what he fees but in part,
is an unjujlifiable piece of rafhnefs. Addifon.
Unju/stifiaTLrNESs. n.f The quality of not being juftifiable.
He wifhed them to confider of the illegality of all thofe
commiflions, and of the unjuflfiablenefs of all the proceed¬
ings which had been by virtue of them. Clarendon.
Unjustifiably, adv. In a manner not to be defended.
Unjustly, adj. In a manner contrary to right.
If aught againft my life
Thy country fought of thee, it fought unjuflly. Milton.
Whom, but for voting peace, the Greeks purfue,
Accus’d unjujlly, then unjuflly flew. Denham.
Your choler does unjujlly rife.
To fee your friends purfue your enemies, Dryden.
Moderation the one fide very juftly difowns, and the other
as unjujlly pretends to. Swift.
UnkeWipt. adj. Not combed. Obfolete.
Thenot, to that I chofe thou doft me tempt ;
But ah ! too well I wot my humble vaine,
And how my rhimes been rugged and unkempt. Spenfer.
To Unke'nnel. v. a.
1. To drive from his hole.
Search, feek, find out. I warrant we’ll unkennel the fox.
Let me flop this way firft. So, now uncape. Shakefpeare.
I warrant you, colonel, we’ll unkennel him. Dryden.
2. To roufe from its fecrecy, or retreat.
If his occult guilt
Do not itfelf unkennel in one fpeech.
It is a damned ghoft that we have feem Shakefp.
Unke'nt. adj. [un and ken, to know.] Unknown. Obfolete.
Go, little book, thyfelf prefent.
As child whofe parent is unbent,
To him, that is the prefident
Of noblenefs and chivalrie. Spenfer.
Unke'pt. adj.
1. Not kept; not retained.
2. Unobferved ; unobeyed.
Many things kept generally heretofore, are now in like
fort generally unkept, and abolifhed, every where. Hooker.
UnkYnd. adj. Not favourable ; not benevolent.
In nature there’s no blemifh but the mind ;
None can be call’d deform’d, but the unkind. Shakefp.
To the noble mind
Rich gifts wax poor, when givers prove unkind. Shakefp.
To Nimrod our author feems a little unkind; and fays,
that he, againft right, enlarged his empire. Locke.
A real joy I never knew.
Till I believ’d thy paffion true;
A real grief I ne’er can find,
’1 ill thou prov’ft perjur’d or unkind. Prior.
UkkFndly. adj. \_un and kind.]
I. Unnatural; contrary to nature.
I hey, with their filthinefs,
Polluted this fame gentle foil long time,
That their own mother loath’d their beaftlinefs,
And ’gan abhor her brood’s unkindly crime.
All were they born of her own native dime. Fairy fh/ecn.
All works of nature.
Abortive, monftrous, or unkindly mix’d. Milton.
2. Malignant; unfavourable.
1 he goddefs, that in rural flirine,
Dwell’ft here with Pan, or Sylvan, by bleft fong
Forbidding every bleak, unkindly fog,
1 o touch the profperous growth of this tall wood. Milton.
UnkFndly. adv. Without kindnefs ; without affedtion.
T he herd, unkindly wife,
Or chaces him from thence, or from him flies. Denham.
If we unkindly part,
Will not the poor fond creature break her heart. Dryden.
Unkindness. n.f. [from unkindJ Malignity; ill-will; want
of affedtion.
Take no unkindnefs of his hafty words. Shakefpeare.
His unjuft unkindnejs, that in all reafon fhould have quench’d
her love, hath, like an impediment in the current, made it
more violent and unruly. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meafure.
After their return, the duke executed the fame authority in
conferring all favours, and in revenging himfelf upon thofe
who had manifefted any unkindnefs towards him. Clarendon.
Eve —As one who loves, and fome unkindners meets.
With fweet, auftere compolure, thus reply’d. Milton.
Chrift, who was the only perfon to have refented this un¬
kindnejs, finds an extenuation of it. South's Sermons.
Sheffigh’d, fhe wept, fhe low’d ; ’twas all fhe cou’d ;
And with unkindnefs i'eem’d to tax the God. Dryden.
To Unki'ng. v. a. To deprive of royalty.
God fave king Henry, unking'd Richard fays.
And fend him many years of funfhine days. Shakefpeare.
It takes the force of law : how then, my lord !
If as they would unking my father now,
To make you way. Southern.
UnkFssed. adj. Not killed.
Foul words are but foul wind, and foul wind is but foul
breath, and foul breath is noifome; therefore I will depart
unkijl. Shakefp. Much Ado about Nothing.
UnknFghtly. adj. Unbecoming a knight.
With fix hours hard riding through wild places, I overgot
them a little before night, near an old ill-favoured caftle, the
place where I perceived they meant to perform their unknightly
errand. Sidney, b. ii.
To Unkni't. v. a.
1. To unweave; to feparate.
Would he had continued to his country
As he began, and not unknit himfelf
The noble knot he made. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
2. To open.
Unknit that threat’ning, unkind brow.
And dart not fcornful glances from thofe eyes. Shakefp.
U'nkle. v. a. [oncle, French.] The brother of a father or
mother. See Uncle.
The Englifh power is near, led on by Malcolm,
Flis uncle Siward, and the good Macduff. Shakefpeare.
Give me good fame, ye pow’rs ! and make me juft :
Thus much the rogue to publick ears will truft :
In private then :—when wilt thou, mighty Jove !
My wealthy uncle from this world remove l Dryden;
To Unkno'w. v.a. To ceafe to know.
It’s already known ;
Oh ! can you keep it from yourfelves, unknow ft ? Smith.
Unknowable, adj. Not to be known.
Diftinguifh well between knowables and unknowables. JVatts.
UnknoWing. adj.
1. Ignorant; not knowing.
Let me fpeak to th’ yet unknowing world,
How thefe things came about. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Though unknoxuitig perfons may accufe others, yet can they
never the more abfolve themfelves. Decay of Piety.
Unknowing I prepar’d thy bridal bed ;
With empty hopes of happy iffue fed. Dryden.
Unknowing he requires it; and when known.
He thinks it his ; and values it, ’tis gone. Dryden.
His hounds, unknowing of his change, purfue
The chace, and their miftaken mafter flew. Dryden.
Proteus, mounting from the hoary deep,
Surveys his charge, unknowing of deceit. Pope.
2. Not pradtifed; not qualified.
So Lybian Huntfmen, on fome fandy plain,
From fhady coverts rouz’d, the lion chace:
The kingly beaft roars out with loud difdain,
And flowly moves, unknoiving to give place. Dryden.
Thefe were they, whofe fouls the furies fteel’d.
And curs’d, with hearts unknowing how to yield. Pope.
Unkno'wingly. adv. Ignorantly; without knowledge.
The beauty I behold has ftruck me dead :
Unknowingly fhe ftrikes, and kills by chance. Dryden.
They are like the Syrians, who were firft fmitten with
blindnefs, and unknowingly led out of their way, into the ca¬
pital of their enemy’s country. AddifonV Freeholder.
Un-
U N L
Unkno'wn. adj.
1. Not known.
’Tis not unknown to you,
How much I have difabled my eftatc. Shakefpeare.
Many are the trees of God, that grow
In paradife, and various, yet unknown
To us- . Milton's Paradife Loft.
Here may I always on this downy grafs,
Unknown, unfeen, my cafy minutes pafs. Rofcommon.
If any chance has hither brought the name
Of Palamedes, not unknown to fame
Accus d and fentenc d for pretended crimes. Dryden.
Though inceft is indeed a deadly crime.
You are not guilty, fmce unknown ’twas done,
And known, had been abhorr’d. Dryden's Don Sebajlian.
At fear of death, that faddens all
With terrors round, can reafon hold her throne ?
^Defpife the known, nor tremble at th’ unknown. Pope.
2. Greater than is imagined.
1 ne planting of hemp and flax would be an unknown ad¬
vantage to the kingdom. Bacon.
3. Not having cohabitation.
I am yet
Unknown to woman ; never was forfworn. Sbakcfpeare.
4. Without communication.
We flopped at a little inn, where the man of the houfe,
formerly a fervant in the knight’s family, to do honour to
his old mailer, had, unknown to Sir Rosier, put him up in a
iign-poil, Addifon's Spectator, N°. 122.
Unla'boured. ad).
1. Not produced by labour.
Unlaboured harvefts ihall the fields adorn.
And cluiler’d grapes ihall bluih on ev’ry thorn. Dryden.
2. Not cultivated by labour.
Not eailern monarchs on their nuptial day.
In dazzling gold and purple iliine fo gay.
As the bright natives of th’ unlabour'd field.
Unvers’d in fpinning, and in looms unikill’d. Blackmore.
3. Spontaneous ; voluntary.
Their charms, if charms they have, the truth fupplies,
And from the theme unlabour'd beauties rife. Tickell.
To Unla'ce. v. a.
1. To loofe any thing failened with firings.
He could not endure fo cruel cafe,
But thought his arms to leave, and helmet to unlace.
Spenfer.
A little river roll’d.
By which there fat a knight with helm unlac'd,
Himfelf refreihing with the liquid cold. Fairy Sjhieen, b. i.
The helmet from my brow unlac'd. Popes Odyfey.
2. To loofe a lady’s drefs.
Can I forget, when they in prifon placing her,
With fwelling heart, in fpite, and due difdainfulnefs,
She lay for dead, till I help’d with unlacing her. Sidney.
Unlace yourfelf, for that harmonious chime
Tells me from you that now it is bed-time. Dojine.
3. To make loofe; to put in danger of being loft. Not in
ufe.
You unlace your reputation.
And fpend your rich opinion for the name of a nightbrawler. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
To Unla'de. v. a.
1. To remove from the veflel which carries.
He’s a foolifh feaman,
That, when his ihip is finking, will not
Unlade his hopes into another bottom. Denhasn.
2. To exonerate that which carries.
The vent’rous merchant, who defign’d for far.
And touches on our hofpitable ihore,
Charm’d with the fplendour of this northern ftar,
Shall here unlade him, and depart no more. Dryden.
3. To put out. Ufed of a veflel.
We landed at Tyre ; for there the ihip was to unlade her
burden. Xxi.
Unla/id. ad).
1. Not placed ; not fixed.
Whatfoever we do behold now in this prefent world, it
was inwrapped within the bowels of divine mercy, written
in the book of eternal wifdom, and held in the hands of
omnipotent power, the firft foundations of the world being
as yet unlaid. Hooker, b. v.
2. Not pacified ; not Hilled.
No evil thing that walks by night,
Blue, meagre hag, or ftubborn unlaid ghoft.
Hath hurtful pow’r o’er true virginity. Milton.
Unlame^nted. adj. Not deplored.
After fix years fpent in outward opulency, and inward
murmur that it was not greater, he died unlamented by
any. Clarendon.
Thus unlamented pafs the proud away,
Th? pride of fools, and pageant of a day. Pope.
U N L
To Unla'tCH. v.a. To open by lifting up the latch.
My worthy wife
The doOr unlatch'd; and, with repeated calls,
Invites her former lord within my walls. Dryderti
Unla'wful. adj. Contrary to law; not permitted by the
law.
Before I be convidt by courfe of law.
To threaten me with death is moft unlaivful. Shakefp.
It is an unlawful thing for a Jew to come unto one of
another nation. Adis x. 28.
Shew me when it is our duty, and when unlawful to take
thefe courfes, by fome general rule of a perpetual, neverfailing truth. South.
The fecret ceremonies I conceal,
Uncouth, perhaps, unlawful to reveal. Dryden.
Unlawfully, adv.
1. In a manner contrary to law or right.
He that gains all that he can lawfully this year, next year
will be tempted to gain fomething unlawfully. Taylor.
2. Illegitimately ; not by marriage.
I had rather my brother die by the law, than my fon
fhould be unlawfully born. Shakefpeare.
Give me your opinion, what part I, being unlawfully
born, may claim of the man’s aftedlion, who begot me. Addif
Unla'wfulness. n.f Contrariety to law; ftate of being
not permitted.
If thofe alledged teftimonies of feripture did indeed con¬
cern the matter to fuch effedl as was pretended, that which
they fhould infer were unlawfulnefs. Hooker.
The original reafon of the unlawfulnefs of lying is, that it
carries with it an a£l of injuftice, and a violation of the
right of him, to whom we were obliged to fignify our
minds. South's Sermons.
To Unle'arn. v. a. To forget, or difufe what has been
learned.
Antifthenes, being afked of one, what learning was moft
neceflary for man’s life ? anfwered, to unlearn that which is
naught- Bacon.
This were to imply, that all books in being fhould be deftroyed ; and that ail the age fhould take new pains to unlearn thofe habits which have coft them fo much labour. Holder.
The government of the tongue is a piece of morality
which fober nature dictates, which yet our greateft fcholars
have unlearnt. . Decay of Piety.
Some cyders have by art, or age, unlearn'd
Their genuine relifh, and of fundry wines
Afliim’d the flavour. Philips
What they thus learned from him in one way, they did
not unlearn again in another. Atterbury.
A wicked man is not only obliged to learn to do well,
but unlearn his former life. Rogers's Sermons„
Unlearned adj.
1. Ignorant; not informed ; not inftrudled.
This feledled piece, which you tranflate,
Foretells your fludies may communicate.
From darker dialed! of a ftrange land,
Wifdom that here th’ unlearn'd fhall underftand. D'avenant.
And by fucceflion of unlearned times,
As bards began, fo monks rung on the qhimes. Rofcommon.
Some at the bar, with fubtilty defend
The caufe of an unlearned, noble friend. Dryden.
Though unlearned men well enough underftood the words
white and black, yet there were philofophers found, who
had fubtlety enough to prove that white was black. Locke.
2. Not gained by ftudy ; not known.
Mere words, or fuch things chiefly as were better un¬
learned. ' Milton on Education.
3. Not fuitable to a learned man.
I will prove thofe verfes to be very unlearned’, neither fa¬
vouring of poetry, wit, or invention. Shakefpeare.
Unle/arnedly. Ignorantly; grofsly.
He, in his epiftle, plainly affirmeth, they think unlearnedlyy
who are of another belief. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Unlea'Vened. adj. Not fermented; not mixed with fer¬
menting matter.
They baked unleavened cakes of the dough, for it was not
leavened. Exod. ii. 39.
Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new
lump, as ye are unleavened. 1 Cor. vj
Unle'isuredness. n.f Bufinefs; want of time; want of
leifure. Not in ufe.
My eflay touching the feripture having been written partly
in England, partly in another kingdom, it were ftrange if
there did not appear much unevennefs, and if it did not be¬
tray the unleifurednefs of the wandering author. Boyle.
Unle'ss. conjunct. Except; if not ; fuppofino- that not.
Let us not fay, we keep the commandments of the one,
when we break the commandments of the other : for, unlefs
we obferve both, we obey neither. Hooker.
Unlejs I look on Sylvia in the day,
There is no day for rne to look upon. Shakefpeare.
What
4
UNL
Milton.
What hidden ftrength,
Unlefs the ftrength of heav’n, if you mean that.
For fure I am, unlefs I win in arms,
To Hand excluded from Emilia’s charms ;
Nor can my ftrength avail, unlefs by thee.
Endu’d with force, I gain the victory. ry en.
The commendation of adverfaries is the greateft triumph
of a writer, becaufe it never comes unlefs extorted. Dryden.
No poet ever tweedy lung,
Unlefs he were, like Phoebus, young ,
Nor ever nymph infpir d to rhyme, -
Unlefs, like Venus, in her prime.
XJnle'ssoned. adj. Not taught.
The full fum of me
Is an unleffond girl, unfchool’d, unpradis’d ;
Happy in this, the is not yet fo old
But tire may learn. Shakefpeare.
Unlettered, adj. Unlearned; untaught.
When the apoftles of our Lord were ordained to alter the
laws of heathenith religion, St. Paul excepted, the reft were
unfchooled and unlettered men. _ Hooker, b. iv.
Such as the jocund flute, or gamefome pipe
Stirs up among the loofe, unletter d hinds,
Who thank the gods amifs. Milton.
Th’ unletter d chriftian, who believes in grofs,
Plods on to heav’n, and ne’er is at a lofs. Dryden.
UnleTelled. adj. Not cut even.
All unlevell’d the gay garden lies. Tickcll.
Unlibi'dinous. adj. Not luftful.
' In thofe hearts
Love unlibidinous reign’d ; nor jealoufy
Was underftood, the injur'd lover’s hell. Milton.
Unlicensed, adj. Having no regular permiflion.
Atk what boldnefs brought him hither
Unlicenfed. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. iv.
Warn the thoughtlefs, felf-confiding train.
No more, unlicens’d, thus to brave the main. _ _ Pope.
Unlocked, adj, Shapelefs ; not formed : from the opinion that
the bear licks her young to Ihape.
Shape my legs of an unequal fize,
To difproportion me in every part,
Like to a chaos, or unlick’d bear-whelp. Shakefpeare.
Thofe uhlickt bear-whelps. Donne.
The bloody bear, an independent beaft.
Unlick’d to form, in groans her hate expreft. Dryden.
Unli'ghted. adj. Not kindled ; not fet on fire.
There lay a log unlighted on the earth :
Forth’ unborn chief the fatal fillers came.
And rais’d it up, and tofs’d it on the flame. Dryden,
The facred wood, which on the altar lay.
Untouch’d, unlighted glows. Prior.
Unli'chtsome. adj. Dark; gloomy; wanting light.
Firft the fun,
A mighty fphere ! he fram’d, unlightfome firft,
Though of aethereal mould. Miltons Par. Lofl.
Unli'ke. adj.
j. Diflimilar; having no refemblance.
Where cafes are fo unlike as theirs and ours, I fee not how
that which they did, fhould induce, much lefs rnforce us to
the fame practice. Hooker, b. v.
So the twins humours, in our Terence, are .
Unlike ; this harfh and rude, that fmooth and fair. Denham.
Unlike the nicenefs of our modern dames ;
Affedled nymphs, with new affedted names. Dryden.
Our ideas, whilft we are awake, fucceed one another, not
much unlike the images in the infide of a lanthorn. Locke.
Some fhe difgrac’d, and fome with honours crown’d ;
Unlike fucceffes equal merits found. Pope.
2. Improbable; unlikely; not likely.
Make not impofiible that which but feems unlike, Shakejp.
What befel the empire of Almaigne were not unlike to
befal to Spain, if it Ihould break. Bacon.
Unlikelihood. ?jYrotn unUkely.] Improbability.
Unlikeliness. JL J . .. ,
The work was carried on, amidft all the unlikelihoods and
difeouraging circumftances imaginable ; the builders holding
the fword in one hand, to defend the trowel working with
the other. Soutb's Sermons‘
There are degrees herein, from the very neighbourhood of
demonftration, quite down to improbality and unlikelinejs,
even to the confines of impoflibility. Locke.
UnlFkely. adj.
1. Improbable ; not fuch as can be reafonably expected.
Sufpicion Mopfa ; for a very unlikely envy flic hath {tum¬
bled upon. Sidney.
2. Not promifing any particular event.
My advice and aflions both have met
Succefs in things unlikely. Denhams Sophy.
T his collection we thought not only unlikely to reach the
future, but unworthy of the prefent age. Swift.
Effects are miraculous and flrange, when they grow by un¬
likely means. Hooker.
U N L
Unli'kely. adv. Improbably.
The pleafures we are to enjoy in that converfation, not
unlikely may proceed from the difcoverics each lhall communi¬
cate to another, of God and nature. Pope.
Unli'keness. n.f Diflimilitude ; want of refemblance.
Imitation pleafes, becaufe it affords matter for enquiring
into the truth or fallhood of imitation, by comparing its likenefs, or unlikenefs with the original. Dryden.
Unli'mitarle. adj. Admitting no bounds.
He tells us ’tis unlimited and unlimitable. Locke.
Unlimited, adj.
1. Having no bounds ; having no limits.
So unlimited is our impotence to recompence or repay
God’s dileCtion, that it fetters our very willies. Boyle.
It is fome pleafure to a finite underftanding, to view unli¬
mited excellencies, which have no bounds, though it cannot
comprehend them. Tillotfon.
2. Undefined ; not bounded by proper exceptions.
With grofs and popular capacities, nothing doth more pre¬
vail than unlimited generalities, becaufe of their plaimlefs at
the firft fight; nothing lefs, with men of exa£t judgment,
becaufe fuch rules are not fafe to be trufted over far. Hooker.
q. Unconfined ; not reftrained.
All the evils that can proceed from an untied tongue, and
an unguarded, unlimited will, we put upon the accounts of
drunkennefs. . Taylor.
Afcribe not unto God fuch an unlimited exercife of mercy,
as may deftroy his juflice. Rogers’s Sermons.
Hufbands are counfelled not to truft too much to their
wives owning the dodtrine of unlimited conjugal fidelity. Arb.
Unli'mitedly. adv. Boundlefsly ; without bounds.
Many afcribe too unlimitedly to the force of a good mean¬
ing, to think that it is able to bear the ftrefs ot whatfoever
commiflions they lliall lay upon it. Decay of ± iety.
Unli'neal. Not coming in the order of fucceffion.
They put a barren feepter in my gripe.
Thence to be wrench’d with an unlineal hand,
No foil of mine fucceeding. Shakefp. Macbeth.
To Unli'nk. v.a. Tountwift; to open.
About his neck
A green and gilded fnake had wreath’d itfelf;
Who with her head, nimble in threats, approach’d
The opening of his mouth ; but fuddenly
Seeing Orlando, it unlink’d itfelf. Shakefpeare.
Unli'quified. adj. Unmelted ; undiflolved. •
Thefe huge, unwieldy lumps remained in the melted mat¬
ter, ri°id and unliquijicd, floating in it like cakes of ice
in a river. Addifon’s Remarks on Italy.
To Unlo'ad. v. a.
1. To dilburden; to exonerate.
Like an afs, whofe back with ingots bows.
Thou bear’d thy heavy riches but a journey,
And death unloadeth thee. Shakefp. Meaf. for Meafure.
Vain man forbear, of cares unload thy mind ;
Forget thy hopes, and give thy fears to wind. Creech.
Some to unload the fertile branches run. Pope.
2. To put off any thing burdenfome.
To you duke Humphry mull unload his grief. Shakefp.
Nor can my tongu^unloadmy heart’s great burthen. Shak.
To Unlo ck. v. a.
1. To open what is Ihut with a lock.
I have feen her unlock her clofet, take forth paper. Shakefp.
She fprings a light.
Unlocks the door, and ent’ring out of breath,
The dying faw, and inftruments of death. Dryden.
2. To open in general.
My purle, my perfon, my extremeft means.
Lie all unlock'd to your occaiions. Shakefp. Mer. of Venice.
I had not thought to have unlock'd my lips
In this unhallow’d air, hut that this jugler .
Would think to charm my judgment, as mine eyes,
Obtruding falfe rules, pranck’d in reafon’s garb. Milton.
I yielded, and unlock’d her all my heart,
Who with a grain of manhood well refolv’d.
Might eafily have Ihook off all her fimres. Milton.
Sand is an advantage to cold clays, in that it warms them,
and unlocks their binding qualities. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
A lixivium of quick-lime unlocks the falts that are entangled
in the vifeid juices of fome lcorbutick performs. Arbut.onot.
Thy forefts. Windfor ! and thy green retreats
Invite my lays. Be prelent, lylvan maids !
Unlock your fprings, and open all your ftiaoes. Pope.
Unlo'cked. adj. Not faftened with a lock.
Unlooked. \ adj Unexpedfed ; not forefeen.
Unloosed for. S f
Yet perhaps had their number prevailed, » the King ot
Pontus had not come milook'd for to their fuccour. Sianey.
How much unlook’d for is this expedition . Shakefpeate.
God, 1 pray him
That none of you mav live your natural age,
But by fome unlock’d accident cut oft. Shakefpea>e.
Whatfoever
4
UNL
Whatfoever is new is unlockedfor ; and ever it mends fome,
and pares others. Bacon.
From that high hope, to what relapfe
TJnlook'd for are we falPn. Paradife Regain'd.
Your affairs I have recommended to the king, but with un¬
look'd luccefs. Denham.
Nor fame I flight, nor for her favours call;
She comes unlook'd for, it fhe comes at all. Pope.
Unloosable. adj. [A word rarely uied.] Not to be loofed.
Whatever may be laid of the unloofable mobility of atoms,
yet divers parts ot matter may compofe bodies, that need no
other cement to unite them, than the juxta-pofftion, and
refting together of their parts, whereby the air, and other
fluids that might diflipate them, are excluded. Boyle.
1 o Unloose, v. a. To loofe. A word perhaps barbarous
and ungrammatical, the particle prefixed implying negation ;
fo that to unloofe, is properly to hind.
York, unloofe your long imprifon’d thoughts,
And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart. Shakefpeare.
The weak, wanton Cupid,
Shall from your neck unloofe his am’rous fold ;
And, like a dew-drop from the lion’s mane,
Be fhook to air. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
Turn him to any caufe of policy ;
The gordian knot of it he will unloofe,
Familiar as his garter. Shakefp. Hen. V.
It refted in you,
T’ unloofe this tied-up juftice, when you pleas’d. ShaBfp.
The latchet of his fhoes I am not worthy to ftoop down
'and unloofe. Mark i. 7.
He that fhould fpend all his time in tying inextricable
knots, only to baffle the induftryof thofe that Ihould attempt
to unloofe them, would be thought not much to have ferved
his generation. Decay ofPiety.
To Unloose, v. n. To fall in pieces ; to lofe all union and
connexion.
Without this virtue, the publick union muff unloofe; the
ftrength decay ; and the pleafure grow faint. Collier.
Unloved, adj. Not loved.
As love does not always refled itfelf, Zelmane, though
reafon there was to love Palladius, yet could not ever perfwade
her heart to yield with that pain to Palladius, as they feel,
that feel unloved love. Sidney, b. ii.
What though I be not fortunate ;
But miferable moll to love unlov'd! Shakefpeare.
He was generally unloved, as a proud and fupercilious
perfon. • Clarendon, b. viii.
Unlo'veliness. n.f Unamiablenefs; inability to create love.
The old man, growing only in age and affedion, follow¬
ed his fuif with all means of unhoneft fervants, large promifes, and each thing elfe that might help to countervail his
own unlovelinefs. Sidney, b. ii.
Unlovely, adj. That cannot excite love. There feems by
this word generally more intended than barely negation. See
Unloveliness.
Unlo'ving. adj. Unkind; not fond.
Thou, bleft with a goodly fon,
Didfl yield confent to dilinherit him;
Which argu’d thee a moft unloving father. Shakefpeare.
Unlu'ckily. adv. Unfortunately ; by ill luck.
Things have fallen out fo unluckily,
That we have had no time to move our daughter. Shakefp.
An ant dropt unluckily into the water. L'Eflrange.
A fox unluckily croffing the road, drew off a confiderable
detachment. Addifon’s Freeholder, N° 3.
Unli/cky. adj.
1. Unfortunate; producing unhappinefs. This word is gene¬
rally ufed of accidents flightly vexatious.
You may make an experiment often, without meeting with
any of thofe unlucky accidents which make fuch experiments
mifearry. Boyle.
2. Unhappy ; miferable ; fubjed to frequent misfortunes.
Then Ihall I you recount a rueful cafe,
Said he ; the which with this unlucky eye
I late beheld. Fairy Queen, b. i.
3. Slightly mifehievous; mifehievoufly waggifh.
His friendfhip is counterfeit, feldome to truft ;
His doings unluckie, and ever unjuft. Puffer.
Why, cries an unlucky wag, a lefs bag might have
ferved. L'Fjlrange.
A lad, th’ unluck'tefl of his crew,
Was ftill contriving lomething bad, but new. King.
4. Ill-omen’d ; inaufpicious.
When I appear, fee you avoid the place,
And haunt me not with that unlucky face. Dryden.
Unlu'strous. adj. Wanting fplendour; wanting luftre.
Should I join gripes with hands
Made hard with hourly falfhood, as with labour;
Then glad myfelf with peeping in an eye,
Bafe and unluflroUs as the fmoaky fight
That’s.fed with ffinking tallow. Shakefpeare.
U N M
To Unli/te. v. a. To feparate veffels clofed with chymical
cement.
Our antimony thus handled, affordeth us an ounce of fulphur, of fo iulphureous a fmell, that upon the unluting the
veffels, it infeded the room with a fcarce fupportable
ftink. Boyle.
Unma'de. adj.
1. Not yet formed ; not created.
Thou waff: begot in Demogorgon’s hall,
And faw’ft the fecrets of the world unmade. Fairy Queen.
Then might’ft thou tear thy hair.
And fall upon the ground as I do now.
Taking the meafure of an unmade grave. Shakefpeare.
2. Deprived of form or qualities.
The ffrft earth was perfedly unmade again, taken all to
pieces, and framed a-new. Woodwards Nat. Hi/L
3 Omitted to be made.
You may the world of more defeds upbraid.
That other works by nature are unmade;
That fhe did never at her own expence
A palace rear. Blacbnore.
Unma'imed. adj. Not deprived of any effential part.
An interpreter fhould give his author entire and unmaimed;
the didion and the verfification only are his proper province. Pope’s Prefae to the Iliad.
Unma/kable. adj. Not poffible to be made.
If the principles of bodies are unalterable, they are alfb
unmakable by any but a divine power. Grew’s Cojmology
To Unmake, v.a. To deprive of former qualities before
pofleffed. To deprive of form or being.
They’ve made themfelves, and their fitnefs now
Does unmake you. Shakefp. Macbeth.
God does not make or unmake things, to try experi¬
ments. Burnet's Ph,ory ofthe Earth.
Empire ! thou poor and defpicable thing,
W hen fuch as thefe make, or unmake a king. Dryden.
Bring this guide of the light within to the trial. God,
when he makes the prophet, does not unmake the man. Locke.
To Unma'n. v.a.
1. To deprive of the conftituent qualities of a human being, as
reafon.
What, quite unmann'd in folly ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
Grofs errors unman, and ffrip them of the very principles of
reafon, and fober difeourfe. South's Sermons,
2. To emafculate.
3. To break into irrefolution ; to dejed.
Her clamours pierce the Trojans ears,
Unman their courage, and augment their fears. Dryden.
Ulyffes veil’d his penfive head ;
Again unman’d, a fhower of lorrows fhed. Pope.
Unmanageable, adj.
1. Not manageable ; not eafily governed.
They’ll judge every thing by models of their own, and
thus are rendered unmanageable by any authority but that of
abfolute dominion. Glanville.
None can be concluded unmanageable by the milder me¬
thods of government, till they have been thoroughly tried
upon him ; and if they will not prevail, we make no excufeS
for the obftinate. Locke.
2. Not eafily wielded.
UnmaNaged. adj.
1. Not broken by horfemanfhip.
Like colts, or unmanaged horfes, we ftart at dead bones
and lifelefs blocks. Paylor's Rule ofLiving Holy.
2. Not tutored ; not educated.
Savage princes flafh out fometimes into an irregular greatnefs
of thought, and betray, in their adions, an unguided force*
and unmanaged virtue. Felton on the Clafficks.
Unmanlike. J
Unma'nly. 5 aaF
1. Unbecoming a human being.
It is ffrange to fee the unmanlike cruelty of mankind, who,
not content with their tyrannous ambition, to have brought
the others virtuous patience under them, think their mafterhood nothing, without doing injury to them. Sidney.
Where the ad is unmanly, or the expedation contradidious
to the attributes of God, our hopes we ought never to en¬
tertain. Collier againfl Defpair.
2. Unfuitable to a man ; effeminate.
By the greatnefs of the cry, it was the voice of man ;
though it were a very unmanlike voice, fo to cry. Sidney.
New cuftoms,
Though never fo ridiculous,
Nay, let them be unmanly, yet are follow’d. Shakefpeare.
This is in thee a nature but affeded ;
A poor unmanly melancholy, fprung
From change of fortune. Shakefp. Pinion of Athens.
My fervitude, ignoble,
Unmanly, ignominious, infamous. Milton’s Agonijles.
Think not thy friend can ever feel the loft
Unmanly warmth, and tendernefs of love. Addifon.
29 S Unmanly
U N M U N M
Unmanly dread invades the French aftony’d,
And {freight their ufelefs arms they quit. Philips.
Unma'nnered. adj. Rude; brutal; uncivil.
You have a llanderous, beaftly, unwalh’d tongue,
In your rude mouth, and favouring yourfelf,
Unmanned"d lord. B. John/on's Catiline.
If your barking dog difturb her eafe,
Th’ unmannedd malefactor is arraign’d. Dryden's Juvenal.
Unma'nnerliness. n.f Breach of civility ; ill behaviour.
A fort of unmannerlinefs is apt to grow up with young peo¬
ple, if not early reftrain’d; and that is a forwardnefs to in¬
terrupt others fpeaking. Locke on Education.
Unmannerly, adj. Ill bred ; not civil; notcomplaifant.
Sweetheart,
I were unmannerly to take you out,
And not to kifs you. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
He call’d them untaught knaves, unmannerly,
To bring a flovenly, unhandfome coarfe
Betwixt the wind and his nobility. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
He will prove the weeping philofoper, when he grows old,
being fo full of unmannerly fadnefs in his youth. Shakefpeare.
Bare-faced ribaldry is both unmannerly in itfelf, and fulfome to the reader. Dryden.
A divine dares hardly fhew his perfon among fine gentle¬
men ; or, if he fall into fuch company, he is in continual
apprehenfion that fome pert man of pleafure fhould break an
unmannerly jeft, and render him ridiculous. Swift.
Unma'nnerly. adv. Uncivilly.
Forgive me.
If I have us’d myfelf unmannerly. Shakefpeare.
UnmanuRed. adj. Not cultivated.
The land.
In antique times was favage wildernefs ;
Unpeopl’d, unmanur'd, unprov’d, unprais’d. Fairy bjhteen.
Unma'rked. adj. Not obferved ; not regarded.
I got a time, unmarked by any, to fteal away, I cared not
whither, fo I might efcape them. Sidney.
This place unmark'd, though oft I walk’d the green,
In all my progrefs I had never l'een. Dryden.
Entring at the gate, conceal’d in clouds.
He mix’d, unmark'd, among the bufy throng.
Borne by the tide, and pafs’d unfeen along. Dryden.
Unmark'd, unhonour’d at a monarch’s gate. Pope.
UnmaRried. adj. Having no hufband, or no wife.
Unmarried men are beft friends, bell mailers, beft fervants,
but not always beft fubjedts, for they are light to run
away. Bacon.
Hufbands and wives, boys and unmarry'd maids. Dryden.
To Unma'sk. v. a.
1. To ftrip of a mafk.
2. To ftrip of any difguife.
With full cups they had unmafk'd his foul. Rofcommon.
Though in Greek or Latin theyamufe us, yet a tranflation
unmafks them, whereby the cheat is tranfparent. Glanville.
To Unma'sk. v. n. To put off the mafk.
My hufband bids me ; now I will unmafk.
This is that face was worth the looking on. Shakefpeare.
Unma'sked. adj. Naked; open to the view.
O I am yet to learn a ftatefman’s art;
My kindnefs, and my hate unmafk'd I wear.
For friends to truft, and enemies to fear. Dryden.
Unmalterable, adj. Unconquerable ; not to be fubdued.
The fastor is unmaflerable by the natural heat of man ; not
to be dulcified by concodtion, beyond unfavoury condi¬
tion. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Unma'stered. adj.
1. Notfubdued.
2. Not conquerable.
Weigh whatlofs your honour may fuftain, if you
Or lofe your heart, or your chafte treafure open
To his unmajler'd importunity. Shakefp. Hamlet.
He cannot his unmajler'd grief fuftain.
But yields to rage, to madnefs and dildain. Dryden.
Unma'tchable. adj. Unparalelled ; unequalled.
The foul of Chrift, that faw in this life the face of God,
was, through fo vifible prefence of Deity, filled with all
manner of graces and virtues in that unmatchablc degree of
perfedfion ; for which, of him we read it written, that God
with the oil of gladnefs anointed him. Hooker, b. v.
Moft radiant, exquiftte, and unmatchable beauty, tell me,
if this be the lady of the houfe. Shakefpeare.
England breeds very valiant creatures; their maftiffs are
of unmatchable courage. • Shakefp. Hen. V.
Unmatched, adj. Matchlefs; having no match, or equal.
I hat glorious day, which two fuch navies faw.
As each, unmatch'd, might to the world give law;
Neptune, yet doubtful whom he fhould obey,
Held to them both the trident of the fca. Dryden.
Unmf/aniNG. adj. Exprclling no meaning.
W ith round, unmeaning face. Pope.
Unme'ant. adj. Not intended; ,
The flying fpear was after Hus fent:
Rut Rhaetus happen’d on a death unmeant. Dryden.
Unme'asurable. adj. Boundlefs ; unbounded.
Common mother ! thou
Whofe womb umneajurable, and infinite breaft
Teems and feeds all. Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
You preferved the luftre of that noble family, which the
unmeafurable profufion of anceftors had eclipfed. Swift.
Unmeasured, adj.
1. Immenfe; infinite.
Does the fun dread th’ imaginary fign,
Nor farther yet in liquid aether roll,
’Till he has gain’d fome unfrequented place.
Loft to the world, in vaft, unmeafur'dipace. Blackmore.
2. Not meafured ; plentiful.
From him all perfectgood, unmeafur'd out, defeends. Milton.
Unme'ditated. adj. Not formed by previous thought.
Neither various ftyle,
Nor holy rapture, wanted they, to praife
Their maker, in fit ftrains pronounc’d, or fung
Unmeditated. Milton's Par. Lofl, b, v.
Unme'dled with. adj. Not touched ; not altered.
The flood-gate is opened and clofed for fix days, conti¬
nuing other ten days umnedled with. Carew.
Unmee t. adj. Not fit; not proper; not worthy.
Madam was young, unmeet the rule of fway. Spenfer.
I am unmeet;
For I cannot flatter thee in pride. Shakefpeare.
O my father !
Prove you that any man with me convers’d
At hours unmeet, refufe me, hate me. Shakefpeare.
Alack ! my hand is l’worn
Ne’er to pluck thee from thy thorn ;
Vow, alack ! for youth unmeet,
Youth fo apt to pluck a fweet. Shakefpeare.
Its feilowfhip unmeet for thee,
Good reafon was thou freely fhould’ft diflilce. Milton.
That mufe defires the laft, the loweft place.
Who, though unmeet, yet touch’d the trembling firing
For the fair fame of Anne. Prior.
UnmeAlowed. adj. Not fully ripened.
His years but young, but his experience old ;
His head unmellow'd, but his judgment ripe. Shakefpeare.
UnmeRted. adj. Undiffolved by heat.
Snow on iEtna does unme ted lie.
Whence rowling flames, and fcatter’d cinders fly. TValler.
UnmeRtioned. adj. Nottold; notnamed.
They left not any error in government unmentioned or unpreffed, with the fharpeft and moft pathetical expreflions. Clar.
Oh let me here fink down
Into my grave, unmention'd and unmourn’d ! Southern.
Unmerchantable, adj. Unfaleable ; notvendible.
They feed on fait, unmerchantable pilchard. Carew.
Unme'rciful. adj.
1. Cruel; fevere; inclement.
For the humbling of this unmerciful pride in the eagle,
providence has found out a way. L'Eftrange.
The pleafant luftre of flame delights children at firft ; but
when experience has convinced them, by the exquifite pain it
has put them to, how cruel and unmerciful it is, they are
afraid to touch it. Locke.
Whatfoever dodlrine reprefents God as unjuft and unmer¬
ciful, cannot be from God, becaufe it lubverts the very foun¬
dation of religion. Rogers's bermons.
2. Unconfcionable; exorbitant.
Not only the peace of the honeft, unwriting fubjedf was
daily molefted, but unmerciful demands were made of his applaufe. Pope.
Unmercifully, adv. Without mercy ; without tendernefs.
A little warm fellow fell moft unmercifully upon his Gallick
majefty. Jddifon.
UnmeRcifulness.tz./Inclemency; cruelty; wantoftendernefs.
Confider the rules of friendfhip, left juftice turn into unmercfulnefs. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
Unme'rited. adj. Not deferved ; not obtained otherwife
than by favour.
This day, in whom all nations fhall be bleft.
Favour unmerited by me, who fought
Forbidden knowledge by forbidden means. Milton.
A tottering pinnacle unmerited greatnels is. Gov. Tongue.
UnmeRitable. adj. Having no defert. Not in ufc.
Your love deferves my thanks; but my defert
Unmeritable, Ihuns your high requeft. Shakefpeare.
UnmeRitedness. n.f. State of being undeferved.
As to the freenels or unmeritednejs of God’s love ; we
need but confider, that we fo little could at firft deferve his
love, that he loved us even before we had a being. Boyle.
UnmFlked. adj. Not milked.
The ewes ftill folded, with diftended thighs,
Unmilk'd, lay bleating in diftrefsful cries. Pope.
Un-
UNM U N N
unm/nded. adj. Not heeded ; not regarded.
He was
A poor, unminded outlaw, fneaking home ;
My father gave him welcome to the fhore. Sbakefpeare.
He, after Eve feduc’d, unminded, flunk
Into the wood. Milton.
Unmindful, adj. Not heedful; not regardful; negligent;
inattentive.
Worldly wights in place
Leave off their work, unmindful of this law,
To gaze on them. p'airy ffhteen.
I fhall let you fee, that I am not unmindful of the things
you would have me remember. Boyle.
Who now enjoys thee, credulous, all gold ;
Who always vacant, always amiable,
Hopes thee ; of flattering gales
Unmindful. Milton.
Unmindful of the crown that virtue gives.
After this mortal change, to her true lervants,
Amongft the enthroned gods on fainted feats. Milton.
He, not unmindful of his ulual art,
Firft in diflembled fire attempts to part;
Then roaring beafts he tries. Dryden's Virgil.
When thofe who diflike the conftitution, are fo very zea¬
lous in their offers for the fervice of their country, they are
not wholly unmindful of their party, or themfelves. Swift.
To Unmi'ngle. v. a. To feparate things mixed.
It will unmingle the wine from the water ; the wine amend¬
ing, and the water defcending. Bacon's Nat. Hiji.
Unm/nGLED. fl^f. Pure; not vitiated by any thing ming¬
led.
As eafy may’ll: thou fall
A drop of water in the breaking gulph.
And take unmingled thence your drop again,
Without addition or diminilhing. Sbakefpeare.
Springs on high hills, are pure and unmingled. Bacon.
His cup is full of pure and unmingled forrovv. ‘ Taylor.
Veffels of unmingled wine,
Mellifluous, undecaying, and divine. Pope.
Unm/ngleable. adj. Not fulceptive of mixture. Not ufed.
The fulphur of the concrete lofes by the fermentation, the
property of oil being unmingleable with water. Boyle.
The unmingleable liquors retain their diflinct furfaces. Boyle.
Unmi'rv. adj. Not fouled with dirt.
Pafs, with fafe, unmiry feet,
Where the rais’d pavement leads athwart the ftreet. Gay.
Unmitigated, adj. Not foftened.
With publick accufation, uncovered flander, unmitigated
rancour. Sbakefpeare's Much Ado about Nothing.
Unm-i'xed. lad/. Not mingled with any thing; pure; not
Unmi'xt. J corrupted by additions.
Thy commandment all alone fhall live
Within the book and volume of my brain,
Unmixt with bafer matter. Sbakefpeare's Hamlet.
It exhibits a mixture of new conceits and old ; whereas
the inftauration gives the new, unmixed otherwife than with
lome little afperfionof the old. Bacon.
Thy conftant quiet fills my peaceful breaft,
With unmix'd joy, uninterrupted reft. Rcfcommon.
What is glory but the blaze of fame,
The people’s praife, if always praife unmixt ? Milton.
Thy Arethufari ftream remains unfoil’d ;
Unmixt with foreign filth, and undefil'd. Dryden.
Together out they fly,
Infeparable now, the truth and lie :
And this or that unmixt, no mortal ear fhall find. Pope.
Unmo'aned. adj. Not lamented.
Fatherlefs diftrefs was left unmoan'd;
Your‘widow dolours likewifebe unwept. Sbakefpeare.
Unmoi'st. adj. Not wet.
Volatile Hermes, fluid and unmoifi,.
Mounts on the wings of air. Philips.
Unmoi'stened. adj. Not made wet.
The incident light that meets with a groffer liquor, will
have its beams more or lefs interruptedly reflected, than they
would be if the body had been umnoifiened. Boyle.
Unmolested, adj. Free from difturbance ; free from exter¬
nal troubles.
The fowls of the air, and the beafts of the field, are fupplied with every thing, unmolejled by hopes or fears. Rogers.
Cleopatra was read o’er.
While Scot, and Wake, and twenty more.
That teach one to deny one’sfelf.
Stood unmolejled on the fhelf. Prior.
Safe on my fhore each unmolejled fwain,
Shall tend the flocks, or reap the bearded grain. Pope.
ToUnmoo'r. v. a.
1.To loofefrom land, by taking up the anchors.
We with the rifing morn our fhips unmoor'd,
And brought our captives, and our ftores aboard. Pope.
10r.
1. Prior feems to have taken it for caftins? anchor.
Soon as the Britifh fhips unmoor,
And jolly long-boat rows to fhore. p, ‘lt
Unmo'ralized. adj. Untutored by morality.
This is Cenfured as the mark of a diflblute and unmoralized
temper. Norris.
Unmo'rtgaged. adj. Not mortgaged.
Is there one God unfworn to my deftrudtion ?
The leaft, unmortgag'd hope ? for, if there be,
Methinks I cannot fall. Dryden's Allfor Love.
This he has repeated fo often, that at prefent there is fcarce
a Angle gabel unmortgaged. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Unmo'rtified. adj. Not fubdued by forrow and feverities.
If our confcience reproach us -with unmortified fin, our hope
is the hope of an hypocrite. Rogers's Sermons.
Unmc/veable. adj. Such as cannot be removed or altered.
Wherein' confifts the precife and. unmoveable boundaries of
that fpecies. Locke.
UnmoVed. adj.
1. Not put out of one place into another.
Vipers that do fly
The light, oft under unmov'd flails do lie. May's VirgiL
Nor winds, nor winter’s rage o’erthrows
His bulky body, but unmov'd he grows. Dryden.
Chefs-men, fianding on the fame fquares of the chefsboard, we fay they are all in the fame place, or unmoved;
though, perhaps, the chefs-board hath been carried out of
one room into another. Locke.
2. Not changed in refolutiort.
Among innumerable falfe, unmov'd,
Unfhaken, unfeduc’d. Milton.
3. Not affedled ; not touched with any pafflon.
Csfar, the world’s great mafter and his own,
Unmov d, fuperior ftill in ev’ry flate.
And fcarce detefted in his country’s fate. Pope.
4. Unaltered by paffion.
I meant to meet
My fate with face unmov'd, and eyes unwet. Dryden.
Unmo'ving. adj.
1. Having no motion.
The celeftial bodies, without impulfe, had continued una&ive, unmovihg heaps of matter. Cheyne's Phil. Prin.
2. Having no power to raife the paflrons ; unaffeding.
To Unmo'uid. v. a. To change as to the form.
Its pleafing poifon
The vifage quite transforms of him that drinks.
And the inglqrious Iikenefs of a beaft
Fixes inftead, unmoulding reafon’s mintage,
Charafter’d in the face. Milton.
Unmo'urned. adj. Not lamented; riot deplored.
O let me here fink down
Into my grave unmention’d and unmourn'd. Southern.
To Unmu'zzle. v. a. To loofe from a muzzle.
Now unmuzzle your wifdotfi. <Sbakefpeare.
Have you not fet mine honour at the flake.
And baited it with all th’ unmuzzl'd thoughts
Thy tyrannous heart can think ? Shakefp. Twelfth Night.
To Unmu'ffle. v. a. To put off".a covering from the face.
Unmuffle, ye faint flars ! and thou, fair moon,
That wont’fl to love the traveller’s benizon.
Stoop thy pale vifage through an amber cloud,
And difinherit chaos, that reigns here
In double night, of darknefs and of fhades. Milton.
Unmu'sical. adj. Not harmonious ; not pleafing by found.
Let argument bear no unmufical found.
Nor jars interpofe, facred friendfhip to grieve. B. Johnfon.
One man’s ambition wants fatisfadlion, another’s avarice,
a third’s fpleen; and this djfcord makes up the very unmu¬
fical harmony of our murmurs. Decay ofPiety.
Unna'med. adj. Not mentioned.
Author of evil, unknown till thy revolt,
Unnam'd in heav’n. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. vi.
UnnaTural. adj.
1. Contrary to the laws of nature; contrary to the common
inflinits.
Her offence
Mud be of fuch unnatural degree, /
That monfters it. Shakefp. K. Lear.
People of weak heads on the one hand, and vile affedlions
on the other, have made an unnatural divorce between being
wife and good. Glanville's Scepf.
’Tis irreverent and unnatural, to feoff at the infirmities of
old age. , L’EJlrangt.
2. A&ing without the affections implanted by nature.
Rome, whofe gratitude
Tow’rds her deferving children, is enroll’d
In Jove’s own book, like an unnatural dam.
Should now eat up her own. Shakejpeare's Coridanus.
If the tyrant were, to a fon fo noble, fo unnatural.
What will he be to us l Denham's Sophy.
, 3- Forced;
1
U N N UNO
3. Forced; not agreeable to the real ftate of perfons or
things.
They admire only glittering trjfles, that in a ferious poem
are naufeous, becaufe they are unnatural. Would any man*
who is ready to die for love, deferibe his paffion like NarcifTus ? Dryden.
In an heroic poem, two kinds of thoughts are carefully to
be avoided ; the firft, are (uch as are affedted and unnatural;
the fecond, i'uch as arc mean and vulgar. Addifon.
Unna'tur alness. n.f. Contrariety to nature.
The God, which is the God of nature, doth never teach
unnaturalnefs. _ Sidney.
Unna'turally. adv. In oppofition to nature.
All the world have been frighted with an apparition of
their own fancy, or they have mod; unnaturally confpired to
cozen themlelves. Tillotfon.
Unna'vigaBle. adj. Not to be pafTed by veffels ; not to be
navigated.
Pindar’s unnavigable fong,
Like a fwift ftream from mountains pours along. Cowley.
Some who the depths of eloquence have found,
In that unnavigable ftream were drown’d.
Let wit her fails, her oars let wifdom lend ;
The helm let politick experience guide:
Yet ceafe to hope thy fhort-liv’d bark fhall ride
Down fpreading fate’s unnavigable tide.
The Indian feas were believ’d to be unnavigable. Arbuthriot.
UnneRessarily. adv. Without neceffity ; without need ;
needlcfsly.
To abrogate, without conftraint of manifeft harm thereby
arifirig, had been to alter unnecejjarily, in their judgment,
the antient, received cuftom of the whole church. Hooker.
’Tis highly imprudent in the greateft of men, untiecejfarily
to provoke the meaneft. L'Ejlrange.
Thefe words come in without any connexion with the
ftory, and confequently unnecejjarily. Broome.
Unne^cessariness. n. f. Necdlefsnefs.
Thefe are fuch extremes as afford no middle for induftry to
exift, hope being equally out-dated by the defperatenefs or
unnecejjarinejr of an undertaking. Decay of Piety.
UnneRf ssary. adj. Needlefs; not wanted; ufelefs.
The doing of things unneccjfary, is many times the caufe
why the moft neceffary are not don^. Hooker, b. v.
Thou whorefon zed ; thou unnecejfary letter. Shakefpeare.
Let brave fpirits, fitted for command by fea or land, not
be laid by, as perfons unnecejfary for the time. Bacon.
Lay that unnecejfary fear afide ;
Mine be the care new people to provide. Dryden.
Unneceffary coinage, as well as unnecejfary revival of words,
runs into affectation; a fault to be avoided on either
hand. , Dryden.
They did not only fhun perfecution, but affirmed, that
it was unnecejfary for their followers to bear their religion
through fuch fiery trials. Addifon.
The reader can eafily difeover how the plot will be unra¬
velled at laft ; but the unnecejfary intricacies in unravelling it,
ftill remain to be accounted for. Shakefp. Illufrated.
Unne'jghbqurly. adj. Not kind; not fuitable to the duties
of a neighbour.
Parnaffus is but a barren mountain, and its inhabitants
make it more fo, by their unneigbbourly deportment. Garth.
Unne'ighbourly. adv. In a manner not fuitable to a neigh¬
bour ; with malevolence; with mutual mifehief.
Thefe two chriftian armies might combine
The blood of malice in a vein of league,
And not to fpend it fo unneigbbourly. Shakefpeare.
UnneRvate. adj. Weak; feeble. A bad word.
Scaliger calls them fine and lively in Mufaeus; but abjedt,
unnervate, and unharmonious in Homer. Broome.
To Unne'rve. v. a. To weaken ; to enfeeble.
The precepts are often fo minute and full of circumftances,
that they weaken and unnerve his verfe. Addifon.
Unne'rved. adj. Weak; feeble.
Pyrrhus at Priam drives, in rage ftrikes wide ;
But with the whiff and wind of his fell fword,
Th’ unnerv'd father falls. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Unne'ti-i. ) adv. [This is from un and ea^, Saxon, eafy ; and
Unne'thes. J ought therefore to be written uneath.'] Scarce¬
ly ; hardly ; not without difficulty. Obfolete.
Diggon, I am fo ftiffe and ftanke,
That unneth I may ftand any more ;
And how the weftern wind bloweth fore,
Beating the wither’d leaf from the tree. Spenfer.
A ftiephcrd’s boy,
When winter’s wafteful fpight was almoft fpent,
Led forth his flocke, that had been long ypent;
So faint they waxe, and feeble in the fold,
That now unnethes their feet could ’em uphold. Spenfer.
Unno'ble. aclj. Mean; ignominious; ignoble.
I have offended reputation;
A moft unnoble lwerving. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Dryden.
Prior.
Unno'ted. adj. Not obferved ; not regarded; not heeded;
hot celebrated.
They may jeft,
’Till their own fcorn return to them unnoted. Shakefpeare.
He drew his feat familiar to her fide,
Far from the fuitor train, a brutal crowd ;
Where the free gueft unnoted might relate.
If haply confcious of his father’s fate. Pope.
A fhameful fate now hides my hopelefs head,
Unwept, unnoted, and for ever dead. Pope's Odyjfey.
Unnu'mbered. adj. Innumerable.
The Ikies are painted with umuniber'd fparks;
They are all fire, and every' one doth fliine. Shakefpeare.
Our bodies are but the anvils of pain and difeafes, and our
minds the hives of unnumbered cares and paffions. Raleigh.
Of various forms, unnumber'd fpe&res, more
Centaurs, and double fhapes, befiege the door. Dryden.
Pitchy and dark the night fometimes appears ;
Our joy and wonder fometimes Ihe excites,
With ftars unnumber'd. Prior.
Unobse'quiousness. n.f. Incompliance ; difobedierice.
They make one man’s particular failings, confining laws
to Others; and convey them, as fuch, to their fucceeders,
who are bold to mifname all unolfequioufnefs to their incogitancy, prefumption. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
UnobeRed. adj. Not obeyed.
Not leave
Unworfhipp’d, unobey’d, the throne fupreme. Miltom
Unobje'cted. adj. Not charged as a fault, or contrary argu¬
ment.
What will he leave unobjefled to Luther, when he makes
it his crime that he defied the devil. Aticrbury.
Unobno/xious. adj. Not liable; not expofed to any hurt.
So unobnoxious now, file hath buried both ;
For none to death fins, that to fin is loth. Donne.
In fight they flood
Unwearied, unobnoxious to be pain’d. Miltons Par. Loft.
Unobservable, adj. Not to be obferved ; not difeoverable.
A piece of glafs reduced to powder, the fame which, when
entire, freely tranfmitted the beams of light, acquiring by
contufion, a multitude of minute furfaces, refledts, in a confufed manner, little and fingly unobfervable images of the
lucid body, that from a diaphanous, it degenerates into a
white body. Boyle on Colours.
Unobse'rvant. adj.
1. Not obfequious.
2. Not attentive.
The unobfervant multitude may have fome general, confufed apprehenfions of a beauty, that gilds the outfide frame
of the univerfe. Glanvitie.
Unobse'rved. adj. Not regarded ; not attended to; not heed¬
ed ; not minded.
The motion in the minute parts of any folid body, which
is the principal caufe of violent motion, though unobferved,
paffeth without found. Bacofi's Nat. Hijl.
They the fon of God, our Saviour meek.
Sung viftor ; and from heav’nly feaft refrefh’d.
Brought on his way with joy ; he, unobferv d3
Home to his mother’s houfe private return’d. Milton.
Every unwonted meteor is portentous, and the appearance
of any unobferved ftar, fome divine prognoftick. Glanville.
Such was the Boyne, a poor, inglorious ftream.
Thatin Hibernian vales obfcurely ffray’d.
And, unobferv'd, in wild meanders play’d. Addifon.
Had I err’d in this cafe, it had been a well-meant miftake,
and might have pafs’d unobjerved. Atterbury.
UnobseRving. adj. Inattentive; not heedful.
His fimilitudes are hot placed, as our unobferving criticks
tell us, in the heat of any adlion ; but commonly in its de¬
clining. " Dryden.
UnobstruRted. adj. Not hindered ; not flopped.
Unobjlrucied matter flies away.
Ranges the void, and knows not where to flay. Blackmcre.
UnobstruRtive. adj. Not railing any obftacle.
Why Ihould he halt at either ffation l why
Not forward run in unobftrubtivc Iky ? Blackmorc.
Unobta'ined. adj. Notgained; not acquired.
As the will doth now work upon that objedt by defire,
which is motion towards the end, as yet unobtained: fo likewife upon the fame hereafter received, it fhall work alfo by
love. Hooker.
Uno'bvious. adj. Not readily occurring.
Of all the metals, not any fo conftantly difclofeth its unobvious colour, as copper. Boyle on Colours.
UnoRcupied. adj. Unpoflcffcd.
If we fhall difeover further to the north pole, we fhall find
all that tradl not to be vain, ufelefs, or unoccupied. Ray.
The fancy hath power to create them in the fenfories, then
unoccupied by external impreffions. Grew's Cojmolegy.
Unof-
ON P
4
Uno'ff^red. adj. Not propofed to acceptance.
for the fad bufinefs of Ireland, he could not expreis £
greater fenfe, there being nothing left Oil his part unoffered or
undone. Clarendon.
Unoffending, ad).
1. Harmlefs; innocent.
Thy unoffending life T could not fave;
Nor weeping c^'uld I follow to thy grave. tfrydek.
2. Sinlefs ; pure from fault.
If thofe holy and unoffending fpirits, the angels, veil their
faces before the thione ot his majefty ; with what awe Ihould
we, finful dun and allies, approach that infinite power we
^ have fo grievoufly offended. Rogers’s Sermons.
io Uno'il. v. a. lo free from oil.
A tight maid, ere he for wine can afk.
Gueffes his meaning, and unoils the flafk. Dryden.
Uno'fening. adj. Not opening.
Benighted wanderers, the foreft o’er,
Curfe the fav d candle, and unopening door. Pope.
Uno perative. adj. Producing no effedts.
The wifhing of a thing is not properly the willing of itj
but ail imperfedf velleity, and imports no more than an idle,
unoperative complacency in the end, with a diretft abhorrence
of the means. South’s Sermons.
Unopposed, ad). Not encountered by any hoftility or obftrudlion.
Proud, art thou met ? thy hope was to have reach’d
The height of thy afpiring unoppos’dy
The throne of God unguarded. Milton’s Par. Loff.
To every nobler portion of the town,
The curling billows roll their reftlefs tide :
In parties now they ftruggle up and down.
As armies, unoppos'd, for prey divide. Dryden.
The people, like a headlong torrent go.
And ev’ry dam they break or overflow :
But unoppos’d they either lofe their force.
Or wind in volumes to their former courfe. Dryden.
Uno'rderly. Difordered ; irregular.
Since fome ceremonies mull be ufed, every man would
have his own fafhion; whereof what other *ould be the
iffue, but infinite diftradtion, and unorderly confufion in the
church. Sanderfon.
Uno'rdinary. ad). Uncommon 3 unufual.
I do not know how they can be excufed from murder, who
kill monftrous births, becaufe of an unordinary Ihape, with¬
out knowing whether they have a rational foul or no. Locke.
Unorganized, ad). Having no parts inftrumental to the
nourilhment of the reft.
It is impoflible for any organ to regulate itfelf: much lefs
may we refer this regulation to the animal fpirits, an un¬
organized fluid. G'rew’s Cofmology.
Unoriginal. 1 tt • ,
Unori'oinated. \aJl- Having no birth; ungenerated.
I toil’d out my uncouth paffage, forc’d to ride
Th’ untradlable abyfs, plung’d in the womb
Of unoriginal night, and chaos wild. Miltons Par. Lojl.
In feripture, Jehovah fignifies, that God is underived,
unoriginated, and felf-exiftent. Stephens’s Sermons.
Unorthodox, adj. Not holding pure docirine.
A fat benefice became a crime againft its incumbent; and
he was fure to be unorthodox, that was worth the plun¬
dering. _ Decay of Piety.
Uno'wed. adj. Having no owner.
England now is left
To tug and fcramble, and to part by th’ teeth
The unoived intereft of proud, fwelling ftate. Shakefpcare.
Uno'wned. adj.
1. Having no owner.
2. Not acknowledged.
Of night or lonelinefs it recks me not;
I fear the dread events that dog them both,
Leaft fome ill-greeting touch attempt the perfon
Of our unowned After. Milton.
Oh happy, unown’d youths! your limbs can bear
The fcorching dog-ftar, and the winter’s air ;
While the rich infant, nurs’d with care and pain,
Thirfts with each heat, and coughs with ev’ry rain. Gay.
To Unpa ck, v. a.
To difburden; to exonerate. *
I, the fon of a dear father murther’d,
Muft, like a whore, unpack my heart with words. Shakefp.
2. To open any thing bound together.
He had a great parcel of glaffes packed up, which, when
he had unpacked, a great many cracked ofthemfelves. Boyle.
Unpacked, adj. Not collected by unlawful artifices.
The knight
Refolv’d to leave him to the fury
Of juftice, and an unpack’d jury. HudibraS.
Unpa'id. adj.
i. Not difeharged.
Receive from us knee tribute not unpaid. Milton.
U N P
Nor hecatomb unflain, nor vows unpaid;
On Greeks, accurs’d, this dire confufion bring. DryJefi.
What can atone, oh ever-injur’d {hade !
Thy fate unpity’d, and thy rites unpaid ? Pope.
2. Not receiving dues or debts.
How ofren are relations neglfetfted, and tradefinen unpaid,
for the fupport of this vanity ? Collier.
Th’ embroider’d fuit, at leaft, he deem’d his prey ;
That fuit, an unpaid taylor {hatch’d away. Pope.
3. Unpaid for. That for which the price is not yet given j
taken oh truft.
Richer, than doing nothing for a bauble}
Prouder, than ruftling in unpaidfor iilk. Shakefpcare.
Unpa'inEd. adj. Suffering no pain.
Too unequal work we find,
Againft unequal arms to fight in pain ;
Againft unpain’d, impaflive. Milton’s Par. Loff.
Unpa'inful. adj. Giving no pain.
I hat is generally called hard, which will put us to pain,
fooner than change figure ; and that foft, which changes the
fituation of its parts, upon an eafy and unpainful touch. Locke.
Unpa'latab; e. adj. Naufeous ; difgufting.
The man who laugh’d but once to fee an afs
Mumbling to make the crofs-grain’d thiftles pafs,
Might laugh again to fee a jufy chaw
T he prickles of unpalatable law. Dryden.
A good man will be no more difturbed at the me¬
thods of corredfion, than by feeing his friend take unpala¬
table phyfick. Cottier on Kindnefs.
U,\pa'ragoned. adj. Unequalled; unmatched.
Either your unparagon'd miltrefs is dead, or fire’s out-priz’d
by a trifle. Shakefpeare’s Cymbeiine.
Unpara'lleled. adj. Not matched; not to be matched}
having no equal.
I have been
The book of his good a<fts, whence men have read
His fame, unparallelled, haply amplified. Shakefpcare.
Who had thought this clime had held
A deity fo unparalltll’d ? Milton’s Arcades.
The father burft out again in tears, upon receiving this inftance of an unparallelled fidelity from one, who he thought
had given herfelf up to the pofleflion of another. Addijon.
O fadt unparallell’d ! O Charles ! O beft of kings !
What ftars their black, difaftrous influence filed
On thy nativity ? Phillips.
Unpa rdonable. adj. [impardonable, Fr.] Irremiflible.
It was thought in him an unpardonable offence to alter any
thing : in us as intolerable, that we fuffer any thing to remain
unaltered. Hooker.
Oh, tis a fault too unpardonable. Shakejpeare.
The kinder the mafter, the more unpardonable is the
traitor. LJEjlrange.
Confider how unpardonable the refufal of fo much grace
muft render us. Rogers s Sermons.
Unpa'rdonably. adv. Beyond forgivenefs.
Luther’s confcience turns thefe reafonings upon him, and
infers, that Luther muft have been unpardonably wicked in
ufing maffes for fifteen years. Atterbury.
Unpa'rdoned. adj.
1. Not forgiven.
How know we that our fouls Ihall not this night be required,
laden with thofe unpardoned fins, for which we propofed to
repent tomorrow. Rogers’s Sermons.
2. Not difeharged 3 cancelled by a legal pardon.
My returning into England unpardoned, hath deftroved
that opinion. _ Raleigh.
Unpa'rdon/ng. adj. Not forgiving.
Curfe on th’ unpard'ning prince, whom tears can draw
To no remorfe ; who rules by lion’s law ;
And deaf to pray’rs, by no fubmiflion bow’d.
Rends all alike, the penitent and proud. Dryden.
Unpa'rli amentap. iness. n.f Contrariety to the ufa°-e or
conftitution of parliament.
Senfible he was of that difrefpedl; reprehending them for
the unparliamentarinefs of their remonftiance in print. Clar.
Unparliamentary, adj. Contrary to the rules of parlia¬
ment.
The fccret of all this unprecedented proceeding in their
mafters, they muft not impute to their freedom in debate,
but to that unparliamentary abufe of fetting individuals upon
their fhoulders, who were hated by God and man. Swift.
Unpa'rted. adj. Undivided ; not feparated.
Too little it eludes the dazzffd fight,
Becomes mix’d blacknefs, or unparted light. Prior;
Unpa'rtial. adj. Equal; honeft. Not in ufe.
Clear evidence of truth, after a ferious and unpartial exa¬
mination. Sanderfon.
Unpartially. adv. Equally j indifferently.
Deem it not impoflible for you to err; lift impartially your
own hearts, whether it be force of reafon, or vehemency of
aftciftion, which hath bred thefe opinions in you. Hooker„
2Q T Un«*
. U N P
VntA ssable, adj. Admitting rfo pafl'age.
Every country, which fhall not do according to thefe
things, fhall be made not only unpayable for men, but moft
hateful to wild beafts. Ejlh. xvi 24.
They are vaft and unpayable mountains, which the labour
and curiofity of no mortal has ever yet known. Temple.
Making a new ftandard for money, muff make all mo¬
ney which is lighter than that ftandard, unpayable. Locke.
You fwell yourfelf as though you were a man of learning
already; you are thereby building a mod unpayable barrier
againft all improvement. Watts's Improvement of the Mind.
TJnpa'ssionate. I adj. Free from paffion ; calm; imparUnpa'ssionated. ) tial.
He attended the king into Scotland, and was fworn a
counfellor in that kingdom ; where, as I have been inftrudted
by unpajfionate men, he did carry himfelf with fingular fweetnefs. Wotton's Buckingham.
More fober heads have a fet of mifconceits, which are as
abfurd to an unpaffionated reafon, as thofe to our unbiaffed
fenfes. Glanville’s Scepf c. 13.
The rebukes, which their faults will make hardly to be
avoided, fhould not only be in fober, grave, and unpajfionate
words, but alfo alone and in private. Locke on Education.
Unpa'ssionately. adv. Without paffion.
Make us unpajfionately to fee the light of reafon and re¬
ligion. K. Charles.
Unpa'thed. adj. Untracked ; unmarked by paffage.
A courfe more promifing.
Than a wild dedication of yourfelves
To unpath'd waters, undream’d ftiores ; moft certain
To miferies enough. Shakefp. Winter Tale.
Unpa'wved. adj. Not given to pledge.
He roll’d his eyes, that witnefs’d huge difmay.
Where yet, unpawn'd, much learned lumber lay. Pope.
To U \PA/Y. v. a. To undo. A low ludicrous word.
Pay her the debt you owe her, and unpay the villainy you
have done her: the one you may do with fterling money,
and the other with current repentance. Sbakefpeare.
Unpea'ceable. adj. Quarrelfome; inclined to difturb the
tranquillity of others.
Lord, purge out of all hearts thofe unpeaccable, rebellious,
mutinous, and tyrannizing, cruel fpirits ; thofe prides and
haughtineftes, judging and condemning, and defpifing of
others. Hammond's Fundamentals.
The defign is to reftrain men from things, which make
them miferable to themfelves, unpeaceable and troublefome to
the world. Tillotfon.
To Unpe'g. v. a. To open any thing clofed with a peg.
Unpeg the bafket on the houfe’s top ;
Let the birds fly. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Unpe'nsioned. adj. Not kept in dependance by a penfion.
Could penfion’d Boileaulafh in honeft ftrain
Flatt’rers and bigots, ev’n in Louis’ reign ;
And I not ftrip the gilding off a knave,
Unplac’d, unpenfion'd, no man’s heir or Have ? Pope.
To Unpeople, v. a. To depopulate; to deprive of inhabi¬
tants.
The land
In antique times was favage wildernefs.
Unpeopl’d, unmanur’d. Fairy Thieen.
Shall war unpeople this my realm ? Shakej'peare.
To few unknown
Long after ; now unpeopl'd, and untrod. Milton.
The lofty mountains feed the favage race,
Yet few, and ftrangers in th’ unpeopl'd place. Dryden.
He mult be thirty-five years old, a doeftor of the faculty,
and eminent for his religion and honefty; that his rafhnefs
and ignorance may not unpeople the commonwealth. AddiJfon.
Unperce^iveo. adj. Not obferved; not heeded ; notfenlibly
difeovered ; not known.
The allies, wind unperceived lhakes off. Bacon.
He alone
To find where Adam Ihelter’d, took his way.
Not unperceiv'd of Adam. Milton s Par. Loft.
Thus daily changing, by degrees I’d wade,
Still quitting ground, by unperceiv'd decay,
And fteal myfelf from life, and melt away. Dryden.
Unperceiv’d the heav’ns with ftars were hung. Dryden.
Oft in pleafing talks we wear the day,
While fummer funs roll unperceiv'd away. Pope.
Unperce'ivedly. adv. So as not to be perceived.
Some oleaginous particles, unperceivedly, affociated them¬
felves to it. Boyle.
Unpe/RFEct. adj. fmpe>fait, Fr. imperfeSlus, Lat.J Incomplete.
Apelles’ picture of Alexander at Ephefus, and his Venus,
which he left at his death unperfeh in Chios, were the
chiefeft. Peacham on Drawing.
Unpe'RFECTNEss. n. f. Imperfedlion ; incompletenefs.
Virgil and Horace fpying the unperfedlncfs in Ennius and
Plautus, by true imitation of Homer and Euripides, brought
poetry to perfedtnefs. Afcham's Schoolmajter.
U N P
Unperformed, adj. Undone; not done. •
A good law without execution, is like an unperformed promife. Taylor’s Rule of Holy Living,
Unpe'rishable. adj. Lading to perpetuity ; exempt fromL
decay.
We are fecurcd to reap in another world cvcrlafting, un~
perifoable felicities. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Unpe'rjured. adj. Free from perjury.
Beware of death ; thou can’ll not die unperjur'd,
And leave an unaccomplifh’d love behind.
Thy vows are mine. Dryden.
Unperple'xed. adj. Difentangled ; not embarrafled.
In learning, little fhould be propofed to the mind at once ;
and that being fully maftered, proceed to the next adjoining
part, yet unknown, Ample, unperplexed propofition. Locke.
UnperspFrable. adj. Not to be emitted through the pores
of the fkin.
Bile is the moft unperfpirable of animal fluids. Arbuthnot.
Unpersuadable, adj. inexorable; not to be perfuaded.
He, finding his filter’s unperfuadable melancholy, through
the love of Amphialus, had lor a.time left her court. Sidney.
Unpe/trified. adj. Not turned to ftone.
In many concreted plants, fome parts remain unpetrify d;
that is, the quick and livelier parts remain as wood, and'
were never yet converted. Browns Vulgar Errours.
Unphilosophical, adj. Unfuitable to the rules of philofophy, or right reafon.
Your conceptions are unphilofophical. You forget that the
brain has a great many l'mall fibres in its texture; which,
according to the different ftrokes they receive from the ani¬
mal fpirits, awaken a correfpondent idea. Collier.
It became him who created them, to fet them in order:
and if he did fo, it is unphilofophual to feeic for any other
origin of the world, or to pretend that it might arife out of
a chaos by the mere laws of nature. Newton's Optieks.
Unphiloso phjcall y. adv. In a manner contrary to the
rules of right reafon.
They forget that he is the firft caufe of ail things, and
difeourfe moft unphilojophically, abfurdly, and unfuitably to the
nature of an infinite being ; whofc influence muft fet the firft
wheel a-going. South's Sermons.
Unphixoso phicalness. n.f Incongruity with philofophy.
I could difpenfe with the unphilofophicalnejs of this their
hypothefis, were it not unchriftian. Norris.
To Unphilo'sophize.. v. a. To degrade from the character
of a philofopher. A word made by Pope.
Our paffions, our interefts flow in upon us, and unphihfophize us into mere mortals. Pope.
Unpie'rced. adj. Not penetrated ; not pierced.
Th’ unpierc'dihude imbrown’dthe noontide bow’rs. Milt.
True Witney broad-cloth, with its fhag unlhorn.
Unpierc'd, is in the lafting tempeft worn. Gay.
Unp/llared. adj. Diverted of pillars.
See the cirque falls ! th’ unpillar’d temple nods !
Streets pav’d with heroes ! Tiber choak’d with gods ! Pope.
UnpFllowed. adj. Wanting a pillow.
Perhaps fome cold bank is her bolfter now,
Or’gainft the rugged bark of fome broad elm,
Leans her unpilloiv'd head, fraught with lad fears. Mil on.
To Unpi'n. v. a. To open what is fhut, or faftened with a
pin.
My love doth fo approve him.
That even his ftubbornnefs, his checks and frowns,
(Pr’ythee unpin me) have grace and favour in them. Shakefp.
Unpin that lpangleJ breaft-plate which you wear.
That th’ eyes of buly fools may be llopt there. Donne.
Who is the honeft man ?
He that doth ftill and ftrongly good purfue,
To God, his neighbour, and himfelf moft true :
Whom neither force, nor fawning can
Unpin, or wrench from giving all their due. Herbert.
Unpi'nked. adj. Not marked with eyelet holes.
Gabriel’s pumps were all unpink’d i’ th’ heel. Sbakefpeare.
Unpi'tied. adj. Not compaffionated ; not regarded with fympathetical lbrrow.
Richard yet lives ; but at hand, at hand
Inlues his piteous and unpitied end. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Rich in the world’s opinion, and men’s praile,
And full in all we cou’d defirc, but days :
He that is warn’d of this, and fhall forbear
To vent a figh for him, or fired a tear ;
May he live long fcorn’d, and unpity'cl fall,
And want a mourner at his funeral. Bp. Corbet.
But he whole words and fortunes difagree,
Abfurd, unpity dy grows a publick jeft. Rofcommcn.
He that does not fecure himfelf of a flock of reputation in
his creatnefs, fhall moft certainly fall unpitied in his adverfity. . L'Ejlrange.
As the greateft curfe that I can give.
Unpitied be depos’d, and after live. Dryden's Aurenzcbe.
As
UNP
As fome fad turtle his loft love deplores ;
Thus, far from Delia, to the winds I mourn*
Alike unheard, unpity'd, and forlorn. Pope.
Paffion unpity'd, and fuccei'slefs love.
Plant daggers in my heart, and aggravate
My other griefs. Addifon's Cato.
Unpi'tifully. adv. Unmercifully; without mercy.
Pie beat him moft pitifully.
— Nay, that he did not; he beat him moft unpitifully. Sbakef
Unpi'tying. adj. Having nocompallion.
To Ihame, to chains, or to a certain grave,
Lead on, unpitying guides, behold your Have. Granville.
Unpla'ced. ad). Having no place of dependance.
Could penfion’d Boileau lafti in honeft ftrain
Flatt rers and bigots, ev’n in Louis’ reign ;
And i not ftrip the gilding off a knave.
Unplac'd, unpeniion’d ? Pope.
Unplagued, adj. Not tormented.
Ladies, that have your feet
hnplagu d with corns, we’ll have a bout with you. Shakefp.
Unpla/nted. adj. Not planted ; fpontaneous.
b igs there unplanted through the fields do grow,
Such as fierce Cato did the Romans fhow. Waller.
Unpla'usible. adj. Not plaufible ; not fuch as has a fair ap¬
pearance.
There was a mention of granting five fubfidies ; and that
meeting being, upon very unpopular, and unplaufible reafons,
immediately diflolved, thofe five fubfidies were exafted, as if
an aft had pafled to that purpofe. Clarendon.
I, under fair pretence of friendly ends,
And well-plac’d words of gloiing courtely,
Baited with reafons not unplaufible,
Win me into the eafy-hearted man,
And hug him into fnares. Milton.
Unpla/usive. adj. Not approving.
’Tis like he’ll queftion me,
Why.fuch unplaufive eyes are bent on him. Shalefpeare.
Unplea'sant. adj. Not delighting; troublefome ; uneafy.
Their fkilful ears perceive certain harfti and unfeafant difcords in the found ot our common prayer, fuch as the rules
of divine harmony, fuch as the laws of God cannot bear.Hooker.
O fweet Portia!
Here are a few of the unpleafant'Jl words
That ever blotted paper. Shakejp. Merch. of Venice.
Wifdem is very unpleafant to the unlearned. Eccluf. v. 20.
Upon Adam’s difobedience, God chafed him out of paratlife, the moft delicious part of the earth, into fome other,
the moft barren and unpleafant. Woodward.'s Nat. Hijl,
Unpleasantly, adv. Not delightfully ; uneafily.
We cannot boaft of good-breeding, and the art of life ;
"but yet we don’t live unplcajantly in primitive fimplicity and
good humour. Pope.
Unpleasantness, n.f. Want of qualities to give delight.
As for unpleafantnejs of found, if it doth happen the good
of men’s fouls doth deceive our ears, that we note it not., or
arm them with patience to endure it. Hooker.
Many people cannot at all endure the air of London, not
only for its unpleajantnefs^ but for the fuffocations .which it
caufes. Graunt’s Bills of Mortality.
All men are willing to fkulk out of fuch company ; the
fober for the hazards, and the jovial for the unpleafantnefs
of it. Govermnent of the Tongue.
Unplea'sed. adj. Notpleafed; not delighted.
Me rather had, my heart might feel your Jove,
Than my unpleas'd eye feel your courtefy. Shalefpeare.
Condemn’d to live with fubjefts ever mute,
A falvage prince, unpleas'dy though abfolute. Dryden.
Unplea'sing. adj. Oftenfive ; difgulting; giving no delight.
Set to drefs this garden :
How dares thy tongue found this unpleafing news ? Shakefp.
Hence the many milfakes, which have made learning fo
unpleafing and fo unfuccefsful, IvlfIton.
If all thofe great painters, who have left us fuch fair plat¬
forms, had rigoroufly obferved it in their figures, they had
made things more regularly true, but withal very unpleafng. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
Howe’er unpleafing be the news you bring,
I blame not you, but your imperious king. Dryden.
UnplPant. adj. Not eafily bent; not conformino- to the
will.
The chizel hath more glory than the pencil; that bein^ fo
hard an inftrument, and working upon fo unpliant fluff, can
yet leave ftrokes of fo gentle appearance. JVotton.
Unplo/wed. adj. Not plowed.
Good found land, that hath lain long unplowcd. Mortimer.
ToUnpli/mk. adj. To ftrip of plumes; todegrade.
In the moft ordinary phenomena in nature, we fhall find
enough to Ihame confidence, and unplume dogmatizing. Glanv;
Unpoe tick!” } a$‘ Not ruch as becomes a Poet*
Nor for an epithet that fails.
Bite oft your unpoetick nails^
U N P
Unjuft ! why you ftiou’d in fuch veins.
Reward your fingers for your brains ? ’ Bp. Corbet,
UnpoTishfd. adj.
I. Not lmoothed ; not brightened by attrition.
Palladio, having noted in an old arch at Verona, fome
part of the materials cut in fine forms, and fome unpolifhedy
doth conclude, that the antients did leave the outward face
of their marbles, or free-ftone, without any fculpture, till
they, were laid in the body of the building. IVotton.
He affirms it to have been the antient cuftom of all the
Greeks, to fet up unpolifhed ftones inftead of images, to the
honour of the gods. Stillingfeet.
2k Not civilized ; not refined.
Finding new words*
Such as of old wife bards employ’d to make
Unpolijh'd men their wild retreats forlake. Waller.
I hofe firft unpolijh'd matrons, big and bold.
Gave fuck to infants of gigantick mould. Dryden.
Unpolite, adj. [impolijYz. irnpolit’us, Lat;J Not elegant;
not refined ; not civil.
Difcourfes for the pulpit fhould be caft into a plain me¬
thod, and the reafons ranged under the words, firft, fecondly,
and thirdly ; however they may be now fancied to found unpohtey or unfafhionable. Watts's Improv. ofthe Mind,
Un polluTed.^'. [impollutus3 Lat.J Not corrupted ; not de¬
filed.
Lay her i’ th’ earth ;
And from her fair and unpolluted flefh
• May vioIets Spring ! Shakefpcards Hamlet,
' fill oft converle with heav’nly habitants
Begin to caft a beam on th’ outward Ihape;
The unpolluted temple of the mind.
And turns it by degrees to the foul’s eflence,
’Till all be made immortal. Milton;
Though unpolluted yet with aftual ill.
She half commits, who fins but in her will. Dryden..
Unpopular, adj. Not fitted to pleafe the people.
The practices of thefe men, under the covert of feigned
zeal, made the appearance of fincere devotion ridiculous.and
unpopular. _ Adclifan's Freeholder, N° 37.
UnpoAtable. adj. [un and portable.] Not to be carried.
Had their cables of iron chains had any great length, they
had been importable , and being Ihort, the fliips muft have
lunk at an anchor in any ftream of weather or counterttt^e‘ . Raleighi
Uni osse ssed. adj. Not had ; not obtained.
He claims the crown.-
—Is the chair empty ? is the fword unfway’d ?
Is the king dead ? the empire unpojfefs'd? ' Shakefpeare,
Such vaftroom in nature unpojfefs'd
By living foul, defert, and defolate,
Only to Ihine, yet fcarce to contribute
Each orb a glimpfe of light. Milton.
The cruel fomething unpojfefs'd,
Corrodes and leavens all the reft. Prior„
Unposseasing, adj. Having no pofleffion.
Thou unpojjejfng baftard, doft thou think.
That I would ftand againft thee ? Shakefpeare.
Unpra'cticable. adj. Not feafible.
I try’d fuch of the things that came into my thoughts, as
were not in that place and time unprofitable. Boyle.
Unpractised, adj. Not fkilful by ufe and experience;
raw; being in the ftate of a novice.
The full fum of me
Is an unleflon’d girl, unfchool’d, unprafis'd. Shakefpeare.
Unprafis'd, unprepar’d, and ftill to feek. Milton.
I am young, a novice in the trade ;
The fool of love, unprafis'd to perfuade.
And want the Toothing arts. Dryden.
His tender eye, by too direft a ray.
Wounded, and flying from unprafis'd day. Prior.
Unprai'sed. adj. Not celebrated ; not praifed;
The land.
In antique times was falvage wildernefs ;
Unpeopl’d, unmanur’d, unprov’d, unprais'd. Fairy Dueen,
If all the world
Sould in a pet of temperance feed on pulfe,
Drink the clear ftream, and nothing wear but frieze,
Th’ all-giver would be unthank’d, wou’d be unprais'd. Milt«
If young African for fame
His wafted country freed from Punick rage,
The deed becomes unprais'd3 the man at leaft.
And lofes, though but verbal, his reward. Milton.
Nor pals unprais'cl the veft and veil divine,
Which wand’ring foliage, and rich flow’rs entwine. Dryden.
Unpreca'rious. adj. Not dependent on another.
The ftars, which grace the high expanlion bright.
By their own beams, and unprecarious light.
At a vaft diftance from each other lie. ° * Blachthort.
Unpre ceden ted. adj. Not juftifiable by any example.
The lbcret ot all this unprecedented proceeding in their
matters, they muft not impute to freedom. Swift,
T©
U N P U N P
ToUNPREdi'ct. v. a. To retrain predi&ion.
Means I mull ufe, thou fay’ft prediction elfd
Will unprcdifly and fail me of the throne. Milton.
Unpreferred. aclj. Not advanced.
To make a fcholar, keep him under, while he is young, or
unpreferred. Collier on Pride.
Unpre'gnant. adj. Not prolifick.
I his deed unfhapes me quite, makes me unpregnant,
And dull to all proceedings. Shakefpeare.
Unpreju'dicate. adj. Not prepoffeffed by any fettled notions.
A pure mind in a chafte body, is the mother of wifdoin,
fincere principles, and unprejudiciate undemanding. Taylor.
Unprejudiced, adj. Free from prejudice; free from prepoffeffion ; not pre-occupied by opinion; void of precon¬
ceived notions.
The meaning of them may be fo plain, as that any
unprejudiced and reafonable man may certainly underftand
them. Tillotfon.
Several, when they had informed themfelves of our Sa¬
viour’s hiftory, and examined, with unprejudiced minds, the
do&rines and manners of his difciples, were fo ftruck, that
they profeffed themfelves o-f that fed. Addijon.
UnpRELaRical. Undatable to a prelate.
The archbifhop of York, by fuch unprelatical, ignominious
arguments, in plain terms advifed him to pafs that a&. C/aren.
Unpreme/ditated. adj. Not prepared in the mind before¬
hand.
Afk me what queftion thou canft poffible,
And I will anfwer unpremeditated. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
He dictates to me ilumb’ring; or infpires
Eafy my unpretneditated verfe. Miltons Par. Loft.
The flow of fpeech make unpremeditated harangues, or
converfe readily in languages that they are but little acquaint¬
ed with. Addifon.
Unprepared, adj.
1. Not fitted by previous meafures.
Unpracdis’d, unprefar'd, and {till to feek. Milton.
To come unprepar'd before him, is an argument that we
do not efteem God. Duppa's Rules for Devotion.
Fields are full of eyes, and woods have ears ;
For this the wife are ever on their guard.
For, unforcfeen, they fay, is unprepar'd. Dryden.
2. Not made fit for the dreadful moment of departure.
I would not kill thy unprepared fpirit ;
No ; heavens forefend. Shakefp. Othello.
My unprepar'd, and unrepenting breath,
Was fnatch’d away by the fwitt hand of death. Rofcommon.
UnprepaRedness. n. f. State of being unprepared.
I believe my innocency and unpreparednejs to affert my
rights and honour, make me the moft guilty in their efteem ;
who would not fo eafily have declared a war againft me, if
I had firft aflaulted them. K. Charles.
Unprepossessed. Not prepoffeffed ; not pre-occupied by
notions.
The unprepojfejfed on the one hand, and the well-difpofed
on the other, are affe&ed with a due fear of thefe things. South.
It finds the mind naked and unprepojfejfed with any former
notions, and fo eafily and infenfibly gains upon the aflent. South.
Unpre/ssed. adj.
1. Not preffed. . ,
Have I my pillow left unprefs'd in Rome ? Shakefpeare.
In thefe foft {hades, unprefs'd by human feet.
Thy happy Phoenix keeps his balmy feat. Tickell.
2. Notinforced.
They left not any error in government unmentioned, or
unprejfed, with the lharpeft and moft pathetical expreffions. G.arendon.
Unprete'nding. adj. Not claiming,any diftin&ions.
Bad writers are not ridiculed, becaufe ridicule ought to
be a pleafure ; but to undeceive and vindicate the honeft and
unpretending part of mankind from impofition. Pope.
Unpreva'iling. adj. Being of no force.
Throw to earth this unprevailing woe. Shakefp. Hamlet.
UnpreveRted. adj.
I. Not previoufly hindered.
A pack of forrows, which wou’d prefs you down.
If unprevented, to your timelefs grave. Shakefpeare.
I. Not preceded by an thing.
Thy grace
Comes unprevented, unimplor’d, unfought. Milton.
Unpri'ncely. adj. Unfuitable to a prince.
I could not have given my enemies greater advantages,
than by fo unprincely an inconftancy. K. Charles.
UNPRI NTed. adj. Not printed.
Defer it, till you have finiflied thefe that are yet un¬
printed. Pope.
Unprincipled, adj. Not fettled in tenets or opinions.’
I do not think my filler fo to ieek,
Or fo unprincipPd in virtue’s book,
As that the fingle want of light and noife
Could ftir the conftant mood of her calm thoughts. Milton.
Others betake them to ftate affairs, with fouls fo unprimi8
J
pled in virtue, and true generous breeding, that flattery and
court fhifts, and tyrannous aphorifms, appear to them the
higheft points of wifdom. Milton on Education;
Unpri'sable. adj. Not valued ; not of eftimation.
A baubling veffel was he captain of,
For {hallow draught and bulk unprifahle. Shakefp.
Unprocla imed, adj. Not notified by a publick declaration.
The Syrian king, who to furprize
One man, affa'ffin-Iike, had levy’d war,
War unproclaim d Milton's Par. Lojl, h. xi.
Unprofitable, adj. Ufelefs ; ferving no purpofe.
The church being eafed of unprofitable labours, needful
offices may the better be attended. Hooker.
Should he reafon with unprofitable talk ? fob xv. 3.
My fon Onefimus I have begotten in my bonds ; which in
time paft was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable to thee
and me. _ Philemon 11.
They receive aliment fufficient, and yet no more than they
can well digeft'; and withal fweat out the coarfeft and unpro¬
fitableft Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
It is better to fall honourably, than to furvive in an un¬
profitable and unglorious life. L'Ejirange.
Then they who brothers better claim difown.
Defraud their clients, and to lucre fold.
Sit brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden.
With fhame and forrow fill’d,
For plotting an unprofitable crime. Dryden.
An ox that waits the coming blow.
Old and unprofitable to the plough. Dryden.
With tears fo tender.
As any heart, but only her’s, could move ;
Trembling before her bolted doors he flood.
And there pour’d out th’ unprofitable flood. Dryden.
UnprUsoned. adj. Set free from confinement.
Several defires led parts away,
Water declin’d with earth, the air did ftay ;
Fire rofe, and each from other but unty’d,
Themfelves unprifon'd were, and purify’d. Donne.
Unprized. adj. Not valued.
Not all the dukes of wat’rifh Burgundy,
Can buy this unpriz'd, precious maid of me. Shakefpeare.
Unprofa'ned. adj. Not violated.
Unfpoil’d {hall be her arms, and unprofan'd
Her holy limbs with any human hand :
And in a marble tomb laid in her native land. Dryden.
UnproRitableness. n.f. Ufelefsnefs.
We are fo perfuaded of the unprofitablenefs of your fcience,
that you can but leave us where you find us; but if you fucceed, you increafe the number of your party. Addifon.
UnproRitably. adv. Ufelefsly; without advantage.
I fhou’d not now unprofitably fpend
Myfelf in words, or catch at empty hope,
By airy ways, for folid certainties. B. Johnfon.
Our country’s caufe.
That drew our fwords, now wrefts ’em from our hands.
And bids us not delight in Roman blood
Unprofitably ftied. Addifon's Cato*
UnproRited. adj. Having no gain.
Be clamorous, and leap all civil bounds,
Rather than make unprofited return. Shakefpeare.
Unproli'fick. adj. Barren; not productive.
Great rains drown many infe&s, and render their eggs
unprolifick, or deftroy them. Halt.
Unpromising. adj. Giving no promife of excellence; hav-
. ing no appearance of value.
If he be naturally lilllefs and dreaming, this unpromifing
difpofition is none of the eafieft to be dealt with. Locke.
An attempt as difficult and unpromijing of fuccefs, as if he
fhould make the eflay, to produce fome new kinds of animals
out of fuch fenfelefs materials. Bentley.
Unprono'unced. adj. Not uttered ; not fpoken.
Mad’ft imperfeCt words, with childifh trips,
Half-pronounc’d, Aide through my infant lips. Milton.
UnpRo'per. adj. Not peculiar.
Millions nightly lie in thofe unproper beds.
Which they dare {wear peculiar. Shakefp. Othello;
UnproRerly. adv. Contrarily to propriety ; improperly.
I kneel before thee, end unprof erly
Shew duty as miftaken all the while
Between the child and parent. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Unpropi'tious. adj. Not favourable ; inaulpicious.
’Twas when the dog-ftar’s unpropitious ray
Smote ev’ry brain, and wither’d ev’ry bay.
Sick was the fun. • Pope.
UnprofoRtioned. adj. Not fuited to fomething elfe.
Give thy thoughts no tongue,
Nor any unproportvn'd thought his a£l. Shakefpeare.
UnproRped. adj. Not fupported ; not upheld.
He lives at random, carelefsly diffus’d,
With languifh’d head unprop'dy
As one pail hope, abandon’d,
And by himfelf given over. Milton's Agonijles.
; 5 The
UNP
7 he fatal fang drove deep within his thigh.
And cut the nerves ; the nerves no more fuftain
I he bulk ; the bulk, unpropp'd, falls headlong on the plain.
\Jnpropo/sed. adj. Not propofed. ^
The means are unpropos'd. D ,
Unpro sperous. adj. [mprofper, Lat.] Unfortunate ; not profperous. r
The winter had been very unpnfptnm and unfuccefsful to
the king. n , !
Nought unprofp'rous fhall thy ways attend,
Born with good omens, and with heav’n thy friend. Pope.
Unpro'sperously. adj. Unfuccefsfully.
When a prince fights juftly, and yet unprofperoujly, if he
could fee all hofe reaions for which God hath fo ordered it,
he would think it the mod reafonable thing in the world. Taylor.
Unprotected, adj. Not proteded ; not fupported.
I W°r* U. e^Per^ence> ^hy both did learn, that to forfake
6 fUf ° ^eaven> is to fall into all fuch evils UDon the
ace o t e earth, as men, either deftitute of grace divine,
may commit, or unprotected from above, endure. Hooker.
«J n'pro ved. adj, Not evinced by arguments.
The land.
In antique times was favage wildernefs,
Unpeopl’d, unmanur’d, unproved, unprais’d. Spenfer.
There I found a frefh, unproved knight,
Whofe manly hands, imbru’d in guilty blood.
Had never been. Fairy fj)ueen3 b. \.
There is much of what fhould be demonftrated, left un¬
proved by thofe chymical experiments. Boyle.
7 o Unprovi de. v. a. To divert of refolution or qualifications.
I’ll not expoflulate with her, left
Her beauty unprovide my mind again. Sbakefp. Othello.
Profperity inviting every fenfe.
With various arts to unprovide my mind ;
What but a Spartan fpirit can fuftain
The fhock of fuch temptations ? Southern.
Unprovided, adj.
1. Not fecured or qualified by previous meafures.
Where fhall I find one that can fteal well l O, for a fine
thief of two and twenty, or thereabout ; I am heinoufly un¬
provided. Sbakefp. Hen. IV.
With his prepared fword he charges home
My unprovided body, lanc’d my arm. Shakefpeare.
Tears, for a ftroke forefeen, afford relief;
But unprovided for a fudden blow.
Like Niobe we marble grow.
And petrify with grief. Dryden.
2. Not furnifhed.
Thofe unprovided of tackling and victual, are forced to
^ea* ... -ST. Charles.
The feditious had neither weapons, order, nor counfel; but
being in all things unprovided, were flain like hearts. Hayward.
Th’ ambitious emprefs with her fon is join’d,
And, in his brother’s abfence, has deffgn’d
Th’ unprovided town to take. Dryden.
True zeal is not a folitary, melancholy grace, as if only
fit to dwell in mean minds ; fuch as are utterly unprovided of
all other natural, moral, or fpiritual abilities. Sprat.
Courts are feldom unprovided of perfons under this cha¬
racter, on whom moft employments naturally fall. Swift.
Unprovo'ked. adj. Not provoked.
The teeming earth, yet guiltlefs of the plough.
And unprovok'd, did fruitful ftores allow. Dryden.
Let them forbear all open and fecret methods of encou¬
raging a rebellion fo deftruCtive, and fo unprovoked. Addifon.
Unpru'ned. adj. Not cut; not lopped.
The whole land is full of weeds ;
Her fruit trees all unprun d. Shakefpeare.
Unpunished, adj. [impunis3L,at.J Notpunifhed; fuffered to
continue in impunity.
Bind not one fin upon another, for in one thou fhalt not
beunpunijbed. £cJus yiii> 8>
Divinejuftice will not let opprefflon go unpunijhed. L'Ejlr.
The vent’rous vitftor, march’d unpunijh'd hence,
And feem’d to boaft his fortunate offence. Dryden.
Unpu'rchased. adj. Unbought. J
Vnpurchas'd plenty our full tables loads.
And part of what they lent, return tour gods. Denham
Unpu'rged. adj. Not purged.
Is Brutus fick ?
And will he fteal out of his wholefome bed,
To tempt the rheumy and unpurged air.
To add unto his ficknefs l Sbakefp. Julius Cafar.
Unpu'rposed. adj. Not defigned.
Do it
Or thy precedent fervices are all
But accidents unpurpos'd. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Unpu'blick. adj. Private; not generally known.
Virgins muft be retired and unpublick: for all freedom of
fociety is a violence done to virginity, not in its natural, but
in its moral capacity ; that is, it loles part of its feverity and
UNQi
flrianefs, by publilhing that perfon, wh0fe work it religion,
whole thoughts muft dwell in heaven. “fa lor
U(v published, adj. *
I- Secret; unknown.
All bleft fecrets ;
All you unpublijb'd virtues of the earth.
Spring with my tears. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
2. Not given to the publick.
Apply your ettre wholly to thofe which are unpublijb'd. Pope.
Unpu rged. adj. Not purged ; unpurified.
In her vifage round thofe fpots, unpurg'd
Vapours not yet into her fubftance turn’d. AJilton.
Unpu'rified. adj.
1. Not freed from recrement.
2. Not cleanled from fin.
Our finful nation having been long in the furnace, is nov?
come out, but unpurified. Decay of Piety.
Unpursu'ed. adj. Not purfued.
All night the dreadlefs angel unpufu'd
Thiough heav n’s wide champain held his way, Milton.
Unpu trified. adj. Not corrupted by rottennefs.
. Vfeat and drink laft longer unputrfied, or unfowered,
in winter than in fummer. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
o animal unputrfied, being burnt, yields any alkaline fait,
but putrihed, yields a volatile alkali. Arbuthnot.
Unqualified, adj. Not fit.
Till he has denudated himfelf of all thefe incumbrances*
he is utterly unqualified for thefe agonies. Decay of Piety.
All the writers againft chriftianity, lince the revolution,
have been of the loweft rank in regard to literature, wit,
and fenfe ; and upon that account wholly unqualified to pro¬
pagate herefies, unlefs among a people already abandoned. Sw.
Tories are more hated by the zealous whigs, than the
very papifts, and as much unqualified for the fmalleft offices. Sw.
To Unqua'lify. v. a. To difqualify; to divert: of qualifi¬
cation.
Aibitrary power fo diminifhes the balls of the female fi¬
gure, as to unqualify a woman for an evening walk. Addifon.
Our private misfortunes may unqualify us for charity : but
refleft, whether they may not have been infliaed by God, as
a juft punilhment of our former unmercifulnefs. Atterbury.
Deafnefs unqualifies me for all company. Swift.
Unqua rrellable. adj. Such as cannot be impugned.
There arife unto the examination fuch fatisfadfory and unquarrelable reafons, as may confirm the caufes generally re¬
ceived. Brown's Vulgar ErrourSi
To Unquee n. v. a. To diveft of the dignity of queen.
Embalm me,
Then lay me forth ; although unqueen'd, yet like
A queen, and daughter to asking, inter me. Shakefpeare.
Unque'nchable. adj. Unextinguilhable.
Wereprefentwildfires burning in water and unquenchable. Bac.
The people on their holidays.
Impetuous, infolent, unquenchable. ALilton's A?onifiles
The criminal’s penitence may have number’d hinAmon*
the faints, when our unretraefted uncharitablenefs may fend us
to unquenchable flames. Government of the Tongue.
Our love of God, our unquenchable defires to promote°our
well-grounded hopes to enjoy his glory, fhould take the chief
place in our zeal. Sprat's Sermons.
Unque'nched. adj.
1. Not extinguifhed.
We have heats of dungs, and of lime ttnquencbed. Bacon.
2. Not extinguifhable.
Sadnefs, or great joy, equally diffipate the fpirits, and im¬
moderate exercife in hot air, with unquenched thirft. Arbuth.
Unque'nchableness. n. f. Unextinguifhablenefs.
I was amazed to fee the unquenchablenefs ofthis fire. Hakewill,
Unquestionable, adj.
1. Indubitable ; not to be doubted.
The duke’s carriage was furely noble throughout; of unquejlionable courage in himfelf, and rather fearful of fame
than danger. JVottQ^ '
One realon that mathematical demonftrations are uncon¬
troverted, is becaufe intereft hath no place in thofe unquellion-
^verities. _ Glanvilie's Seepf.
There is an unqueflionable magnificence in every part of
Paradife Loft. . Addifon-.
2. ouch as cannot bear to be queftioned without impatience j
this feems to be the meaning; here.
What were his marks ?-
-A lean cheek, which you have not; an unquefiionab’e
fpirit, which you have not. Shakefpeare.
Unquestionably, adv. Indubitably; without doubt.
If the fathers were unquefiionably of the houfhold of faith,
and all to do good to them ; then certainly their children can¬
not be itrangers in this houfhold. sprat.
St. Auftin was unquefiionably a man of parts, but interpofing. in a controverfy where his talent Sid not lie,
fhewed his zeal againft the antipodes to very ill purpofe. Burnet.
Unquestioned, adj.
I. Not doubted ; palled without doubt.
29 ^ Other
UNR U N R
Other relations In good authors, though we do not pofttively
deny, yet have they not been unquejlioned by fome. Brown.
2. Indifputable; not to be oppofed.
It did not pleafe the gods, who inftruCf the people ;
And their unquejiion'd pleafures muft be ferv d. B. fohnfon.
3. Not interrogated; not examined.
Mutt’ring pray’rs as holy rites (he meant.
Through the divided crowd unquejiion d went. Dryden.
Unqui'ck. adj. Motionlefs.
His fenfes droop, his fteady eyes unquick ;
And much he ails, and yet he is notfick. Daniel's Civ. War.
Unqui'ckened. adj. Not animated ; not ripened to vitality.
Every foetus bears a fecret hoard,
With deeping, unexpanded ifliie ftor’d ;
Which num’rous, but unquicken'd progeny,
Clafp’d, and enwrapp’d, within each other lie. Blackmon.
Unqui'et. adj. [inquiet, Fr. inquietus, Lat.]
1. Moved with perpetual agitation; not calm; not ftill.
From grammatick flats and {hallows, they are on the fudden tranfported to be tofled and turmoiled with their unballafted wits, in fathomlefs and unquiet depths of controverfy. Milton.
2. Difturbed ; full of perturbation; not at peace.
Go with me to church, and call me wife,
And then away to Venice to your friend;
For never fhall you lie by Portia’s fide
With an unquiet foul. Skakefp. Mer. of Venice.
Thy love hopeful to regain,
From thee I will not hide
What thoughts in my unquiet bread: are rif’n. Milton.
Reftlefs ; unfatisfied.
She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring;
A vain, unquiet, glitt’ring, wretched thing. Pope.
Mirth from company is but a fluttering, unquiet motion,
that beats about the bread: for a few moments, and after
leaves it empty. Pope.
tjNqui'ETLY. adv. Without reft.
Who’s there befides foul weather ?——
-— One minded like the weather, moft
XJnquietly. Shakefp. K. Lear.
tjNQUl'ETNESS. n.f.
1. Want of tranquillity.
Thou, like a violent noife, earn’d: rufhing in.
And mak’ft them wake and ftart to new unquietnefs. Denham.
2. Want of peace.
Itis moft enemy to war, and moft hateth unquietnefs. Spenf.
3. Reftlefsnefs; turbulence.
What pleafure can there be in that eftate.
Which your unquietnefs has made me hate i Dryden,
4. Perturbation; uneadnefs.
Is my lord angry ? ——«
—He went hence but now.
And certainly in ftrange unquietnefs. Shakefp. Othello.
From inordinate love, and vain fear, comes all unquietnefs
of fpirit, and diffraction of our fenfes. Taylor.
Unra'cked. adj. Not poured from the lees.
Rack the one veflel from the lees, and pour the lees of the
racked veflel into the unracked veflel. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
Unra'ked. adj. Not thrown together and covered. Uled
only of fires.
Cricket, to Windfor chimnies {halt thou leap :
Where fires thou find’ft unrak'd, and hearths unfwept.
There pinch the maids. Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Unra'nsacked. adj. Not pillaged.
He gave that rich city for a prey unto his foldiers, who left
neither houfe, nor corner thereof unranfacked. Knolles.
Unra'nsomed. adj. Not fet free by payment for liberty.
Unranfom'd here receive the fpotlefs fair.
Accept the hecatomb the Greeks prepare. Pope's Iliad.
To Unra'vel. v. a.
1. To difentangle ; to extricate; to clear.
There unravel all
This dark defign, this myftery of fate. Addifon's Cato.
With Machiavelian fagacity thou unravel!df intrigues of
{fate. Arbuthnot.
2. To diforder ; to throw out of the prefent conftitution.
How can any thing fucceed well with people that are to be
pleafed with nothing, unlefs the ball of the univerfe may be
unravelled, and the laws of providence reverfed. L'Ejirange.
O the traytor’s name !
I’ll know it; I will: art fhall be conjur’d for it.
And nature all unravel!d. Dryd. and Lee's Oedipus,
So prophane and fceptical an age, takes a pride in unravel¬
ling all the received principles of reafon and religion. Tillotfon.
3. To clear up the intrigue of a play.
The folution, or unravelling of the intrigue, commences,
when the reader begins to fee the doubts cleared up. Pope.
Thus fupernaturally is the plot brought to perfeClion;
nor is the unravelling of it lefs happily imagined. Shakefp. Illufl.
XJnra'zored. adj. Unlhaven.
As fmooth as Hebe’s their unrazor'd lips. Milton.
Unre'ached. adj. Not attained.
Labour with unequal force to climb
That lofty hill, unreach'd by former time. Dryderi
UnreAd. adj. y
1. Not read ; not publickly pronounced.
Thefe books are fafer and better to be left publickly wt*
rt°d, _ Hooker, b. v.
His mufe had ftarv’d, had not a piece unready
And by a player bought, fupply’d her bread. Dryden.
2. Untaught; not learned in books.
Uncertain whofe the narrower fpan,
The clown unread, or half-read gentleman. Dryden.
UnreAdiness. n.f
1. Want of readinefs ; want of promptnefs.
This impreparation and unreadinefs, when they find in us
then turn it to the foothing up of themfelves in that accurfed
fancy. < Hooker, b. v.
2. Want of preparation.
Nothing is fo great an enemy to tranquillity, and a con¬
tented fpirit, as the amazement and confufions of unreadinefs
and inconfideration. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
UnreAdy. adj.
1. Not prepared ; not fit.
The fairy knight
Departed thence, albe his wounds wide,
Not throughly heal’d, unready were to ride. Fairy fjueen.
How now, my lords ? what all unready fo ? Sbakejpeare.
2. Not prompt; not quick.
From a temperate inactivity, we are unready to put in exe¬
cution the fuggeftions of reafon ; or by a content in every
fpecies of truth, we embrace the fhadow thereof. Brown.
3. Awkward; ungain.
Young men, in the conduCt of actions, ufe extreme reme¬
dies at firft, and, that which doubleth all errors, will not
acknowledge or retraCt them ; like an unready horfe, that
will neither ftop nor turn. Bacon.
Unre'al. adj. Unfubftantial.
Hence, terrible fhadow !
Unreal mock’ry, hence ! Shakefp. Macbeth.
I with pain
Voyag’d th’ unreal, vaft, unbounded deep
Of horrible confufion. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. x.
Unreasonable, adj.
1. Exorbitant; claiming, or infilling on more than is fit.
Since every language is fo full of its own proprieties, that
what is beautiful in one, is often barbarous in another, it
would be unreafonable to limit a tranflator to the narrow compafs of his author’s words. Dryden’s Pref. to Ovid.
My intention in prefixing your name, is not to defire your
prote&ion of the following papers, which I take to be a very
unreafonable requeft; fince, by being inferibed to you, you
cannot recommend them without fome fufpicion of par¬
tiality. Swift's Projectfor the Advancement of Religion.
2. Not agreeable to reafon.
No reafon known to us; but that there is no reafon there¬
of, I judge moft unreafonable to imagine. Hooker, b. i.
It is unreafonable for men to be judges in their own cafes;
felf-love will make men partial to themfelves and their
friends. Locke*
She entertained many unreafonable prejudices againft him,
before {he was acquainted with his perfonal worth. Addifon.
3. Greater than is fit; immoderate.
Thofe that place their hope in another world, have, in a
great meafure, conquer’d dread of death, and unreafonable love
of life. Atterbury.
Unreasonableness, n.f.
1. Exorbitance; exceffive demand.
The unreafonablenefs of propofitions is not more evident,
than that they are not the joint defires of their major
number. K. Charles.
A young univerfity difputant was complaining of the unrea¬
fonablenefs of a lady, with whom he was engaged in a point
of controverfy. Addifon's Freeholder, N° 32*
2. Inconfillency with reafon.
The unreafonablenefs and prefumption of thofe that thus prdjeCfc, have not fo much as a thought, all their lives long, to
advance fo far as attrition. Hammond.
Unreasonably, adv,
1. In a manner contrary to reafon.
2. More than enough.
I’ll not over the threfhold, till my lord return from the
wars.—
—Fye ! you confine yourfelfmoft unreafonably. Shakefpeare.
To UnreAve. v. a. [now unravel; from un and reave, or
ravel; perhaps the lame with rive, to tear, or break afunder.J
To unwind ; to difentangle.
Penelope, for her Ulyfles’ fake,
Devis’d a web her woers to deceive;
In which the work that {he all day did make,
The fame at night {he did unreave. Spenfr.
Un4
U N R
Unreba'ted. adj. Not blunted. -
A number offencers try it out with unrelated fwords. Hakew.
Unrebu'kkable. adj. Obnoxious to no cenfure.
Keep this commandment without fpot, unrebukeable, until
the appearing of Chrift. x Tim. vi. 14.
Unrecf/ived. adj. Not received.
Where the figns and facraments of his grace are not,
through contempt, unreceived, or received with contempt, they
really give whattheypromife, and are what they lignify. Hooker.
Unreclaimed, adj.
1. Not turned.
A favagenefs of unreclaimed blood.
Of general afTault. . Shakgrp. Hafnht
2. Not reformed.
This is the moll: favourable treatment a llnner can hope
for, who continues unreclaimed by the goodnefs of God. Ropers.
Unreconci'leable. adj.
1. Not to be appeafed ; implacable.
He had many infirmities and fins, unreconcileable with per¬
fect nghteoufnefs. Hammond’s Pratt. Catechifm.
2. Not to be made confident with.
Let me lament,
1 hat our liars, tmreconcileable, Ihould have divided
Our equalnefs to this. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleat.
Unre conciled. adj. Not reconciled.
If you bethink yourfelf of any crime
Unreconcil’d as yet to heav’n and grace.
Solicit for it ftraight. Shake/p. Othello.
Unreco rded. adj. Not kept in remembrance by publick mo¬
numents.
Unrecorded left through many an age.
Worthy t’have not remain’d fo long unfung. Milton.
The great Antilocus ! a name
Not unrecorded in the rolls of fame. Pope's Odyjfey.
Unreco'unted. adj. Not told ; not related.
This is yet but young, and may be left
To fome ears unrccounted. Shakefp. Hen. VIIL
Unrecri/itable. adj. Incapable of repairing the deficiencies
of an army.
Empty and unrequitable colonels of twenty men in a coMPany* Milton on Education.
TJnrecuRing. adj. Irremediable.
I found her ftraying in the park.
Seeking to hide herfelf; as doth the deer.
That hath received fome unrecuring wound. Shakefpeare.
Unreduced, adj. Not reduced.
The earl divided all the reft of the Irilh countries unreduced\
into Ihires. Davies’s Ireland.
UnrefoRmable. adj. Not to be put into a new form.
The rule of faith is alone unmoveable and unreformable;
to wit, of believing in one only God omnipotent, creator of
the world, and in his fon Jefus Chrift, born of the virgin
Mary. Hammond’s Fundamentals.
Unrefo'rmed. adj.
1. Not amended; not corrected.
This general revolt, when overcome, produced a general
reformation of the Irifhry, which ever before had been un¬
reformed. Davies’s Ireland.
We retain the Julian conftitution of the year, unreformed,
without confideration of the defective minutes. Holder.
2. Not brought to newnefs of life.
If he may believe that Chrift died for him, as now he is, an
unreformedchriftian, then what needs he reformation ? Hamm.
Unhumbled, unrepentant, unreform'd. Milton.
Unrefra'cted. adj. Not refradted.
The fun’s circular image is made by an unrefratied beam
of light. Newton’s Opticks.
Unrefre'shed. adj. Notcheared; notrelieved.
Its fymptoms are a fpontaneous latitude, being unrefrejhed
by fleep. Arbuthnot.
Unregarded, adj. Not heeded; notrefpedled ; neglected.
We, ever by his might.
Had thrown to ground the unregarded right. Fairy Fjjueen.
Do’ft fee, how unregarded now
That piece of beauty pafles ?
There was a time when I did vow
To that alone;
But mark the fate of faces. Suckling.
On the cold earth lies th’ unregarded king;
A headlefs carcafs, and a namelefs thing. Denham.
Me you have often counfell’d to remove
My vain purfuit of unregarded love. Dryden.
Laws againft immorality have not been executed, and pro¬
clamations to inforce them, are wholly unregarded. Swift.
XJn registered. adj. Not recorded.
Hotter hours,
Unregijler’d in vulgar fame, you have
Luxurioufiy pick’d out. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Unrege'nerate. adj. Not brought to a new life.
This is not to be underftood promifcuoufly of all men,
unregenerate perfons, as well us regenerate. Stephens.
UNi
Unre'ined. aclj. Not reftrained by the bridle.
Left from thy flying fteed unrein’d, as once
Bellerophon, though from a lower clime
Difmounted, on th’ Aleian field I fall. Milton.
"Unrele'nting. adj. Hard; cruel; feeling no pity:
By many hands your father was fubdu’d;
But only (laughter’d by the ireful arm
Of unrelenting Clifford. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Place pitchy barrels on the fatal flake,
That fo her torture may be fhortened.
Will nothing turn your unrelenting hearts ? Shakefp.
Thefe are the realms of unrelenting fate j
And awful Rhadamanthus rules the ftate. Dryden.
Falfe tears fhatl wet his unrelenting eyes,
And his glad heart with artful fighs fhall heave. Smith.
UnRelieRable. adj. Admitting no fuccour.
As no degree of diftrefs is unrelievable by his power, fo no
extremity of it is inconfiftent with his compaflion. Boyle.
UnreliRved. adj.
1. Not fuccoured.
The goddefs griev’d,
Her favour’d hoft fhou’d perifh unreliev’d. Dryden.
2. Not eafed:
The uneafinefs of unrelieved thirft is not lefiened by conti¬
nuance, but grows the more unfupportable. Boyle.
Unremarkable, adj.
1. Not capable of being obferved.
Our underftanding, to make a complete notion, mud add
fomething elfe to this fleeting and unremarkable fuperficies,
that may bring it to our acquaintance. Digby.
2. Not worthy of notice.
UnremeR i able. adj. Admitting no remedy.
He fo handled it, that it rather feemed he had more come
into a defence of an unr emediable mifchief already committedj
than that they had done it at firft by his confent. Sidney.
Unreme/mbering. adj. Having no memory.
That urn ememb'rihg of its former pain,
The foul may fufter mortal flefh again. Dryden.
UnremeRibered. adj. Not retained in the mind ; hot recolledted.
I cannot pafs unremembered, their manner of difguifing the
fhafts of chimnies in various fafhions* whereof the nobleft is
the pyramidal. Wotton’s Architecture.
Unreme mbrANCEi n. f. Forgetfulnefs ; want of remem¬
brance.
Some words are negative in their original language, but
feem pofitiVe, becaufe the negation is unknown ; as amnefty,
an unremembrance, or general pardon. Watts’s Logick.
UnremoReable. adj. Not to be taken away.
Never was there any woman, that with more unremoveable
determination gave herfelf to love, after (he had once fet before
her mind the worthinefs of Amphialus. Sidney, b. ii.
You know the fiery quality of the duke*
How unremoveable and fixt he is
In his own courfe. Shakefpeare.
UnremoRed. adj.
1. Not taken away.
It is impoffible, where this opinion is imbibed and unremoved, to found any convincing argument. Hammond.
We could have had no certain profpedl of his happinefs,
while the laft obftacle was unremoved. Dryden’s Firgil,
2. Not capable of being removed.
Like Teneriff or Atlas unremov’d. Milton.
Unremoveably. adv. In a manner that admits no re¬
moval.
Hisdifcontents are unremoveablycoupled to his nature. Sha.
Unrepa'id. adj. Not recompenfed ; not compenfated.
Hadft thou full pow’r
To meafure out his torments by thy will;
Yet what could’ft thou, tormentor, hope to gain ?
Thy lofs continues, unrepaid by pain. Dryden.
Unrepe'aled. adj. Not revoked; not abrogated.
When you are pinched with any unrepealed a£t of parlia¬
ment, you declare you will not be obliged by it. Dryden.
Nature’s law, and unrepeal’d command,
That gives to lighter things the greateft height. Blackmore*
UnrepeRtED; adj. Not regarded with penitential forrow.
They are no fit fupplicants to feek his mercy in the behalf
of others, whole own unrepented fins provoked his juft indig¬
nation. Hooker, b. V:
If I, vent’ring to difpleafe
God for the fear of man* and man prefer*
Set God behind : which in his jealoufy
Shall never, unrepented* find forgivenefs. Milton's AgonifeS.
As in Unrepented fin fhe dy’d,
Doom’d to the fatne bad place, is punilb’d for her pfide. Dryd.
With what confufion will he hear all his unrepented fins
produced before men and angels ? Rogers’s Sermons.
UnrepeRting. larlji Not repenting; not penitent; not
Unrepentant* ) forrowful for fin.
Should
U N R V N R
Should I of thefe the liberty regard,
Who freed, as to their antient patrimony,
Unhumbl d, unrepentant, unreform’d,
Headlong would follow. Milton's Par. Regain'd.
My unprepar’d, and unrelenting breath.
Was fnatch’d away by the fvvift hand of death. Rofcommon.
All his arts reveal,
From the firft moment of his vital breath,
To his laft hour of unrepenting death. Dryden.
Nor tyrants fierce, that unrepenting die,
E’er felt l'uch rage as thou. Pope's Rape ofthe Lock.
Unrepi'ning. adj. Not peevifhly complaining.
Barefoot as fhe trod the flinty pavement,
Her footfteps all along were mark’d with blood ;
Yet fdent on fhe pafs’d, and unrepining. Rowe.
Unreple'nished. adj. Not filled.
Some air retreated thither, kept the mercury out of the
unreplenifhed fpace. Boyle.
Unreprie'vable. adj. Not to be refpited from penal death.
Within me is a hell ; and there the poifon
Is, as a fiend, confin’d, to tyrannize
In unrcprievable condemned blood. Shakefp. K. John.
Unreprc/ached. adj. Not upbraided ; not cenfured.
Sir John Hotham, unreproached) uncurfed by any impre¬
cation of mine, pays his head. K. Charles.
UnRepro'veab le. adj. Not liable to blame.
You hath he reconciled, to prefent you holy, unblameable, and unreproveable in his fight. Col. i. 22.
Unrepro'ved. adj.
ii Not cenfured.
Chriftians have their churches, and unreproved exercife of
religion. Sanclys's Journey.
2. Not liable to cenfure.
The antique world, in his firfb flow'’ring youth.
With gladfome thanks, and uhreproved truth,
The gifts of fov’reign bounty did embrace. Fairy fflueen.
If I give thee honour due,
Mirth, admit me of thy crew,
To live with her, and live with thee,
In unrepreved pleafures free. Milton.
Unrepu'gnant. adj. Not oppofite.
When feripture doth yield us natural laws, what particular
order is thereunto moft agreeable ; when pofitive, which way
to make laws unrepugnant unto them. Hooker, b. iii.
Unrefutable, adj. Not creditable.
When we fee wife men examples of duty, we are con¬
vinced that piety is no unreputable qualification, and that we
are not to be afhamed of our virtue. Rogers.
Unreque'sted. adj. Not afked.
With what fecurity can our embaffadors go, unrequejled of
the Turkifh emperor, without his fafe conduit ? Knolles.
Unrequitable, adj. Not to be retaliated.
Some will have it that all mediocrity offolly is foolifh, and
becaufe an unrequitable evil may enfue, an indifferent conve¬
nience muff: be omitted. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
So unrequitab e is God’s love, and fo infolvent are we,
that that love vaftly improves the benefit, by which alone we
might have pretended to fome ability of retribution. Boyle.
UnreseRted. adj. Not regarded with anger.
Ifhe failings of thefe holy perfons, palled not unrefented by
God ; and the fame feripture which informs us of the fin,
records the punifhment. Rogers.
Unrese'rved. adj.
.1. Not limited by any private convenience.
The piety our heavenly father will accept, mufl confift in
an entire, unrejerved obedience to his commands ; iince whom¬
ever offends in one precept, is guilty ofthe whole law. Rogers.
2. Open ; frank ; concealing nothing.
Un keseRvedness. n.f. Unlimitednefs ; franknefs ; largenefs.
The tendernefs and unrefervednefs of his love, made him
think thofe his friends or enemies, that were fo to God. Boyle,
Unreservedly, adv.
1. Without limitations.
I am not to embrace abfolutely and unrefervedly the opinion
of Ariftotle. Boyle.
2. Without concealment; openly. <
I know your friendfhip to me is extenfive; and it is what I
owe to that friendfhip, to open my mind unrefervedly to
you. Pope.
UnreseRvedness. n.f Opennefs; franknefs.
I write with more unrefervednejs than ever man wrote. Pope.
Unresi'sted. adj.
l. Not oppofed.
1 he aethcrial fpaces are perfectly fluid ; they neither aflift,
nor retard, the planets, which roll through as free and unref/led, as if they moved in a vacuum. Bentley's Sermons.
1. Refiftlefs ; luch as cannot be oppofed.
Thofe gods ! whole unreftjled might
Have fent me to thefe regions void of light. Dryden.
What wonder then, thy hairs fhould feel
The conqu’ring force of unreftjled Reel ? Pope.
Unres/sting. adj Not oppofing ; not making reflftar.ee.
What noife ? that fpirit’s poflefs’d with hafte,
1 hat wounds th’ unreftjling poftern with thefe ftrokes. Ska.
Fhe fheep was facrific’d on no pretence,
But meek and unrefljling innocence :
A patient, ufeful creature. Dryden.
Since the planets move horizontally through the liquid and
tinrefl/ling fpaces of the heav’ns, where no bodies at all, or
inconftderable ones, occur, they may preferve the fame ve¬
locity which the firft impulfe imprefs’d. Bentley’s Sertuons.
Unreso lvable. adj. Not to be folved , infoluble.
for a man to run headlong, while his ruin flares him in
the face ; fill to prefs on to the embraces of fin, is a pro¬
blem unrefolvabie upon any other ground, but that fin infatuates before it deftroys. South's Sermons.
UnresoRved. adj.
1. Not determined ; having made no refolution.
On the weftern coaft
Rideth a puiffant navy : to our fhores
Throng many doubtful, hollow-hearted friends,
Unarm’d, and umefolv'd to beat them back. Shakerp.
Turnus, unrefolvd of flight,
Moves tardy back, and juft recedes from fight. Dnden.
2. Not folved ; not cleared.
I do not fo magnify this method, to think it will perfe&fy
clear every hard place, and leave no doubt unrefolved. Locke.
UnresoRving. adj. Not refolving.
She her arms about her unrejoiving hufband threw. Dryd.
Unrespe ctive. adj. Inattentive; taking little notice.
I will converfe with iron-witted fools,
And unrefpedlive boys; none are for me
That look into me with confid’rate eyes. Shakefpeare.
Unre'st. n.f Difquiet; want of tranquillity; unquieRefs.
Wife beheft, thofe creeping flames by reafon to fubdue.
Before their rage grew to fo great unrejfl. Fairy Ppueen.
Repofe, fweet gold, for their unrefl,
That have their alms out of the emprefs’ cheft. Shakefpeare.
Difmay’d confufion all poffefs'd ;
Th’ affli&ed troop, hearing their plot defery’d :
Then runs amaz’d diftrefs, with fad umeji,
To this, to that; to fly, to ftand, to hide. Daniel
Silence, in truth, would fpeak my forrows beft;
For deepeft wounds, can leaft their feelings tell ;
Yet, let me borrow from mine own unreft,
But time to bid him, whom I lov’d, farewell. IVotton.
Up they rofe,
As from unreft; and each the other viewing,
Soon found their eyes how open’d, and their minds
How darken’d ! Milton's Par. LoJly b. ix.
UnrestoRed. adj.
1. Not reftored.
2. Not cleared from an attainder.
The fon of an unreftored traitor has no pretences to the
quality of his anceftors. Collier on Due ling.
Unrestrained, adj.
1. Not confined; not hindered.
My tender age, in luxury was train’d,
With idle eafe, and pageants entertain’d, C
My hours my own, my pleafures unrejtrain'd. Dryden. )
2. Licentious; loofe.
The taverns he daily doth frequent,
With unt ejtrained) loole companions. Shakefpeare.
3. Notlimited.
Were there in this aphorifm an unreftrained truth, yet were
it not reafonable to infer from a caution, a non-ufance, or
abolition. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
UnretraRted. adj. Not revoked ; not recalled.
The penitence of the criminal may have numbered him
amongft the faints, when our unretracted uncharitablenefs
may fend us to unqusnchable flames. Govern, ofthe Tongue.
Nothing but plain malevolence can juftify difunion. Ma¬
levolence fhewn in a Angle, outward act, unretra£ledy or in
habitual ill-nature. Collier on Friendfhip.
Unreve'aled. adj. Not told ; not difeovered.
Had ye once feen thefe her celeftial treafures,
And unrevealed pleafures.
Then would ye wonder, and her praifes fing. Spenfer.
Dear, fatal name ! reft ever unreveal'd;
Nor pafs thefe lips, in holy filence feal’d. Pope.
Unrevenged. adj. Not revenged.
So might we die, not envying them that live ;
So would we die, not unrevenged all. Fairfax.
Unhonour’d though I am,
Not uw eveng'd that impious a£t fhall be. Dryden.
Great Pompey’s fliade complains that we are flow.
And Scipio’s ghoft walks unreveng'd amongft us. Addifon.
UnreRerend. adj. Irreverent; dilrefpebtful.
See not your bride in thefe unreverent robes. Shakefpeare.
Fie ! unreverend tongue ! to call her bad,
Whole fov’reignty fo oft thou haft prtferr’d.
With twenty thoufand ibul-confirming oaths. Shakefpeare.
‘ Un3
U N R U N R
Unre'verently. adv. Difrefpedtfully.
I did unreverently blame the gods.
Who wake for thee, though thou fnore for tbyfelf. B. Johnif.
Unreve'rsed. adj. Not revoked ; not repealed.
She hath offer’d to the doom.
Which unreverfed hands in effectual force,
A fea of melting tears. Shakefpeare.
Unrevo/ked. adj. Not recalled.
Hear my decree, which unrevok'd {hall hand. Milton.
Unrewarded, adj. Not rewarded ; not recompenfed.
Providence takes care that good offices may not pafs un¬
rewarded. L'EJlrange.
Since for common good I yield the fair,
My private lofs let grateful Greece repair ;
Nor unrewarded let your prince complain,
That he alone has fought and bled in vain. Pope.
To Unri ddle. v. a. To folve an enigma ; to explain a pro¬
blem.
Some kind power unriddle where it lies.
Whether my heart be faulty, or her eyes ! Suckling.
The Platonick principles will not unriddle the doubt. Glanv.
A reverfe often clears up the paffage of an old poet, as the
poet often ferves to unriddle the reverfe. Addifon.
UnridPculous. adj. Not ridiculous.
If an indifferent and unridicuhus objedt could draw this aufterenefs unto a fmile, he hardly could with perpetuity refift
proper motives thereof. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To Unri'g. v. a. To ftrip of the tackle.
Rhodes is the fovereign of the fea no more ;
Their fhips unrigg'd, and fpent their naval (lore. Dryden.
Unri'ght. Wrong. In Spenj'er, this word fhould perhaps
be untight. ,
What in mod Englifli writers ufeth to be loofe, and as it
were unright, in this author is well grounded, timely framed,
and ftrongly truffed up together. Gloffary to Spenfer's Kal.
Shew that thy judgment is not unright. Wifdom xii.
Unrighteous, adj. Unjuft; wicked; finful; bad.
Odtavius here lept into his room,
And it ufurped by unrighteous doom ;
But he his title juftify’d by might. Fairy fjhieen, h. ii.
Within a month !
Ere yet the fait of raoft unrighteous tears.
Had left the flufhing in her galled eyes.
She married.—Oh moft wicked fpeed ! Shakefpeare.
Let the wicked man forfake his way, and the unrighteous
man his thoughts, andflet him return unto the Lord. Ifa. lv.
Unrighteously, adv. Unjuftly; wickedly; finfully.
For them
Their foes a deadly Shibboleth devife :
By which unrighteoufly it was decreed.
That none to truft, or profit (hould fueceed,
Who would not fwallowfirft a poif’nous wicked weed. Dryd.
A man may fall undefervedly under publick difgrace, or is
unrighteoufly oppreffed. Collier on Pride.
Unrighteousness, n.f Wickednefs; injuftice.
Our Romanifts can no more abide this propofition
converted, than theihfelves. All fin, fay they, is a tranfgreffion of the law ; but every tranfgreffion of the law is not
fin. The apoftle, therefore, turns it for us : all unrightcoufnefs, fays he, is fin ; but every tranfgreffion of the law is unrighteoujnejs, faith Auftin upon this place. Hall.
Some things have a natural deformity in them, as perjury,
perfidLoufnefs, unrightcoufnefs, and ingratitude. Tillotfon.
Unr/ghtful. adj. Not rightful ; net juft.
Thou, which know’ft the way
To plant unrightful kings, wilt know again
To pluck him headlong from th’ ufurped throne. Shakcfp.
ToUnri'ng. v. a. To deprive of a ring.
Be forc’d to impeach a broken hedge,
_ And pigs unring'd at vif. franc, pledge. Hudihras.
To Unri'p. v. a. [This word is improper; there being no
difference between rip and unrip ; and the negative particle
is therefore of no force ; yet it is well authorifed.J To cut
open.
Like a traitor
Didft break that vow, and, with thy treach’rous blade,
JJnrip'dfl the bowels of thy fov’reign’s fon. Shakcjpeare.
He could not now, with his honour, fo unrip, and put a
lye upon all that he had faid and done before, as to deliver
him up. Bacon's Hen. VII.
We are angry with fearchers, when they break open
trunks, and unrip packs, and open fealed letters. Taylor.
Cato well obferves, that friendfhip ought not to he un~
ripped, but unftitched. Collier.
Unri'pe. n.f.
i. Immature ; not fully concodled.
Purpofe is of violent birth, but poor validity ;
Which now, like fruits unripe, flicks on the tree,
But fall unfhaken when they mellow be. Shakefpeare.
In this northern tradt our hoarfer throats,
Utter unri.e and ill-conftrained notes. Waller\
He fix’d his unripe vengeance to defer.
Sought not the garden, but retir’d unfeen,
To brood in fecret on his gather’d fpleen. Dryden.
2. Too early.
Who hath not heard of the valiant, wife, and juft Dorilaus, whofe unripe death doth yet, fo many years fince, draw
tears from virtuous eyes ? Sidney,. b. ii.
Unri'pf.ned. adj. Not matured.
Were you with thefe, you’d foon forget
The pale, unripen d beauties of the north. Addifon's Cato.
Unripeness, n.f Immaturity; want of ripenefs.
The ripenefs, or unripenefs, of the occafion, muft ever be
well weighed ; and generally it is good to commit the begin¬
nings of all great addons to Argus, with his hundred eyes ;
and the ends to Briareus, with his hundred hands. Bacons
Unri'valled. adj.
1. Having no competitor.
Honour forbid ! at whofe unrival'd ftirine,
Eafe, pleafure, virtue, all our fex refign. Pope,
2. Having no peer or equal.
To UnroT. v. a. To open what is rolled or convolved.
O horror !
The queen of nations, from her antient feat.
Is funk for ever in the dark abyfs ;
Time has unroll'd her glories to the laft,
And now clos’d up the volume. Dryden's Allfor Lovei
Unroma'ntick. adj. Contrary to romance.
It is a bafe, unromantick fpirit not to wait on you. Swifti
To Unroo/f. v. a. To ftrip off the roof or covering of
houfes.
The rabble fhould have firft unroof'd the city.
Ere fo prevail’d with me. Shakefp. Goriolanus.
Unroo/sted. adj. Driven from the rooft.
Thou dotard ! thou art woman-tir’d, uwoojled,
By thy old dame Partlet here. Shakefp. Winter Tale,
Unrough, adj. Smooth.
Siward’s fon.
And many unrough youths, that even now
Proteft their firft of manhood. Shakefp. Macbeth»
To Unroo^t. v.a. To tear from the roots ; to extirpate ; to
eradicate.
Since you’ve made the days and nights as one.
To wear your gentle limbs in my affairs.
Be bold ; you do fo grow in my requital.
That nothing can unroot you. Shakefpeare»
Unroot the foreft oaks and bear away
Flocks, folds, and trees, an undiftinguilh’d prey. Dryden*
Unrounded, adj. Not draped, not cut to a round.
Thofe unfiPd piftolets,
That more than cannon-ftrot avails or lets ;
Which, negligently left unrounded, look
Like many-angled figures in the book
Of fome dread conjurer. Donne.
Unro'yal. adj. Unprinceiy ; not royal.
By the advice of his envious counfellors, he fent them with
unroyal reproaches to Mufidorus and Pyrocles, as if they had
done traiteroufiy. Sidney*
To Unru'ffle. v. n. To ceafe from commotion, or agitation.
Where’er he guides his finny courfers.
The waves unruffle, and the fea fubfides. Dryden.
Unru ffled. adj. Calm ; tranquil; not tumultuous.
Vent all thy paffion, and I’ll ftand its Block*
Calm and unruffled as a fummer’s fea,
When not a breath of wind flies o’er its furface. Addifon.
Unruled, adj. Not directed by any fuperiour power.
T he realm was left, like a drip in a ftorm, amidft all the
raging furges, umuled and undiredted of any ; for they to
whom fhe was committed, fainted in their labour, or forfook
their charge. Spenfer.
UnruTiness. n.f. [from unruly.~\ Turbulence; tumultuoufnefs ; licentioufnefs.
By the negligence of fome who were hardly to be com¬
manded, and by the unrulinefs of others, who withoutleave were
gone a-fhore, fo fair an occafion of vidtory was negledted. Knoi
No care was had to curb the unrulinefs of anger, or the
exorbitance of defire. Amongft all their facrifices, they
never facrificed fo much as one luff. South's Sermons,
UnruTy. adj. Turbulent; ungovernable; licentious; tu¬
multuous.
In facred bands of wedlock ty’d
To Therion, a loofe un>uly fwain ;
Who had more joy to range the foreft wide;
And chace the favage bead: with buly pain. Fairy ffuenu
Down I come, like glift’ring Phaeton,
Wanting the manage of un• uly jades. Shakefp. Rich. II.
The belt and founded: of his time hath been but ralh;
then muft we look from his age, to receive but unruly waywardnefs. Shakefp. K. Lear.
The tongue is an unruly evil, full of deadly poiibn. ffa. iii.
Thou doft a better life, and nobler vigour give ;
Doft each unruly appetite controul. Refcommcn.
29 X Love
U N S
Love infults, difguifed in the cloud,
And welcome force of that utvuly croud. TVaMer.
Paffions kept their place, and trailfgrefTed not the bounda¬
ries of their proper natures; nor were the diforders begun,
which are occafioned by the licence of unruly appetites. Glanv.
You mull not go where you may dangers meet.
I h’ utv uly fword will no diftind’cion make,
And beauty will not there give wounds, but take. Dryden.
Unsafe, adj. Notfecure; hazardous; dangerous.
If they would not be drawn to feem his adverfaries, yet
others fhould be taught how unfafe it was to continue his
friends. Hooker, b. v.
With fpeed retir’d
Where erft was thickeft fight, th’ angelick throng,
And left large field, unfafe within the wind
Of fuch commotion. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. vi.
Uncertain ways unfafejl are.
And doubt a greater mifebief than defpair. Denham.
Phlegyan robbers made unfafe the road. Dryden.
Unsafely, adv. Not fecurely; dangeroufly.
Fake it, while yet ’tis praife, before my rage,
JJnfafely, juft, break loofe on this bad age ;
So bad, that thou thyfelf hadft no defence
From vice, but barely by departing hence. Dryden.
As no man can walk, fo neither can he think, uneaiily or
unfafely; but in ufing, as his legs, fo his thoughts amifs,
which a virtuous man never doth. Grew.
Unsa'id. adj. Not uttered ; not mentioned.
Chanticleer fhall wifh his words unfaid, Dryden.
I hat I may leave nothing material unfaid, among the lercral ways of imitation, I fhall place translation and paraphrafe, Felton s Claffieks.
Unsa lted. adj. Not pickled or feafoned with fait.
I he muriatick feurvy, induced by two great quantity of
fca-lalt, and common among mariners, is cured by a diet of
frefh unfalted things, and watery liquor acidulated. Arbuthnot.
Unsalu'ted. adj. [infalutatus^ Lat.J Not faluted.
Gods ! I prate ;
And the mod noble mother of the world
Leave unfaluted. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Unsanctified, adj Unholy; not confeciated.
Her o’btequies have been fo far enlarged
As we have warrantry ; her death was doubtful;
And but that great command o’erfways the order.
She fhould in ground unfanttifyd have lodg’d
’Till the laft trump. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Unsa'tiable. adj. [infatiabilisy Lat.J Not to be fatisfied ;
greedy without bounds.
Unjatiable in their longing to do all manner of good to all
the creatures of God, but eipecially men. Hooker, b. i.
Crafius the Roman, for his utij atiable greedinefs, was called
the gulph of avarice. " " Raleigh.
UnsatisfaYtoriness. n. f. Failure of giving fatisfac-*
tion.
I hat which moft deters me from fuch trials, is their unfatisfaclorincjs, though they fhould fucceed. Boyle.
Unsatisfactory, adj. Not giving fatisfadtion ; not clearing
the difficulty.
I hat fpeech of Adam, 7 he woman thou gaveft me to be
with me, file gave me of the tree, and I did eat, is an unfatisfactory reply, and therein was involved a very impious
error. Brown s Vulg. Ertours.
Latriato the crofs, is point blank againft the definition of
the council of Nice ; and it is an unfatisfaftory anfwer to
fay, they only were againft latria given to images for themfclves. Stillingfieet.
Unsa'tisfiedness. 7i. f. [from unfatisfied.J The ffate of be¬
ing not fatisfied ; want of fuinefs.
Between my own unfatisjiednefs in confcience, and a naceffity of fatisfying the importunities of fome, I was perlwaded to chufe rather what was fafe, than what feemed
juft. K. Charles.
That unfatisjiednefs with tranfitory fruitions, that men de¬
plore as the unhappinefs of their nature, is indeed the privi¬
lege of it, as it is the prerogative of men not to be pleafed
with fuch fond toys as children doat upon. Boyle.
Unsatisfied, adj,
1. Not contented ; not pleafed.
Qi Elizabeth being to refolve upon a great officer, and
being by fome put in fome doubt of that perfon, whom fhe
meant to advance, faid, fhe was like one with a lanthorn
Jeeking a man, and feemed unfatisfied in the choice*of a man
for that place. • Baco7i.
Flafhy wits, who cannot fathom a large difeourfe, muft be
very much unjatisfied of me. Digby.
Concerning the analytical preparation of gold, they leave
perfons unjatisfied.
2. Not filled ; not gratified to the full.
Though he were unfatisfied in getting,
Yet in bellowing he was moft princely? Shakefpeare.
Shakefpea'e.
Milton.
U N S
Whether fhall I, by juftly plaguing
Ilim whom I hate, be more unjuftly cruel
1 o her 1 love ? or, being kind to her,
he cruel to myfelf, and leave unfatisfied
My anger and revenge ? Denham's Sophy.
.Eternity, human nature can’t look into, without a reli¬
gious awe : our thoughts are loft in the cr.dlefs view, and re¬
turn to us weary and unfatisfied, without Ending bounds or
place to fix on. R >s Sermons.
Unsatisfying, adj. Unable to gratify to the full.
Nor is fame only unfatisfying in itfelf, but the defire of it
lays us open to many accidental troubles. Addifon.
Unsa'vouriness. adj. [from unfavoury 1
1. Bad tafte.
2. Bad fmeli.
If we concede a national in any people yet
fhall we find the Jews lefs iubjedt hereto than any1 Brown
Uns aToury. adj.
1. Taftlefs.
Can that which is unfavoury be eaten without fait ?' or is
there any tafte in the white of an eng ? J0p v;
2. Having a bad tafte.
Unfavoury food, perhaps,
To fpiritual natures. AdiIton's Par. Lofl.
3. Having an ill fmeli ; fetid.
Some may emit an unfavoury odour, which may happen
from the quality of what they have taken. Brown.
4. Unpleafing ; difgufting.
Things of fo mean regard, although neceftary to be or¬
dered, are notwithflanding very unfavoury, when "they come
to be difputed of; becaufe deputation pre-fuppofeth fome
difficulty in the matter. Hooker, b. v.
Unfavoury news ; but how made he efcape ? Shake/p.
To UnsaT. v. a. To retract; to recant; to deny what has
been faid.
Call you me fair ? that fair again un ay ;
Demetrius loves you, fair. J
Say and unfay, feign, flatter, or abjure.
How foon
Would height recall high thoughts, how foon tmfay
What feign’d fubmiffion fwore. Milten's Par. Lofl.
7 o fay, and ftrait unfay, pretending firft
To fly pain, profefling next the fpy.
Argues no leader, but a liar trac’d. Milton.
T here is nothing faid there, which you may have occaiion
to unfay hereafter. » Atierbuy.
Unsca'ly. adj. Having no feales.
The jointed lobfter, and imfcaly foale. Gay.
Unsca rred. adj. Not marked with wounds.
And muft fhe die for this ? O let her live ;
So fhe may live unfearr'd from bleeding flaughter,
I will confefs fhe was not Edward’s daughter. Shakefpeare.
Unschola'stick. adj. Not bred to literature.
Notwithflanding thefe learned difputants, it was to the un~
fcholajlick ftatefman, that the world owed their peace and
liberties.
Unschooled.#^. Uneducated; not learned.
When the apoftles were ordained to alter the laws of heathenifh religion, they were, St. Paul excepted, unfchooled and
unlettered men. Hooker, b. iv.
UnscoTched. adj. Not touched by fire.
His hand,
Not fenfible of fire, re'main’d unfcorch'd. Shakeftcare.
Unxco'ured. adj. Not cleaned by rubbing.
Th’ enrolled penalties,
Which have, like unjeour'd armour, hung by th’ wall.
And none of them been worn. Shakcftearr
Unscra'tched. adj. Not torn. ' JT
I with much expedient march
Have brought a counter-check before your o-ates,
To fave unfcratch'el your city’s threaten’d cheeks. Shakefp.
L nscree ned. adj. Not covered ; not protedled.
Thofe balls of burnifhed brafs, the tops of churches are
adorned with, derive their glittering brightnefs from their be¬
ing expofed, unfereened, to the fun’s refulgent beams. Boyle.
Unscri ptural. adj. Not defenfible by feripture.
The doftrine delivered in my fermonwas neither new nor
unfcnptural, nor in itfelf falfe. Atterbury.
To UnseTl. v. a. To open anything fealed.
This new glare of light
Caft fudden on his face, unfeaPd his fight. Dryden.
Unse'aled. adj.
1. Wanting a feal.
Your oaths
Are words, and poor conditions but unfeal'd. Shakefpeare.
2. Having the feal broken.
7 o Unsf/am. v.a. To rip ; to cut open.
He ne’er fhook bands, nor bid farewcl to him,
’Till he unfeam’d him from tlve nape to th’ chops,
And fix’d his head upon our battlements. shakefpeare.
Un-
U N S
Unsearchable, adj. Infcrutable ; not to be explored.
All is beft, though we often doubt
What th’ unfearcbable difpofrr
Of higheft wifdom brings about,
And ever belt found in the clofe. Mi 'ton s Agonljles.
Thou haft vouchfaf’d
This friendly conddfccnfjon, to relate
. Things elfe by me unfcarchable. Milton's Par. Lofl.
Job difeourfeth of the fecrets of nature, and unjearchable
perfections of t‘re works of God Tillotjcn.
1 hefe counfels of God are to us unfearcbable; neither has
he left us in feripture any marks, by which vve may infallibly
conclude ourfelves in that happy number he has chofen. Rogers.
It is a vaft hindrance to the enrichment of our underftandings, if we fpend too much of our time among infinites and
unjearebab es. Watts's Logick,
Unsearchableness. n. f. Impoffibility to be explored
1 he unfearchablenefs of God’s ways fhould be a bridle to
reftrain preemption, and not a fanCtuary for fpirits of
error- BrambaWs Anfw. to Hobbes.
Unseasonable, adj.
1. Not fuitable to time or occafion ; unfit; untimely ; ill-timed.
Zeal, unlefs it be rightly guided, when it endeavours the
moft bufily to pleafe God, forceth upon him thofe unfeafonable
offices which pleafe him not. Hooker, b. v.
Their counfel muft feem very unfeafonable, wdio advife
men to fufpeCt that wherewith the world hath had, by their
own account, twelve hundred years acquaintance. Hooke'.
It is then a very unjeaj'onable time to plead law, when
fwords are in the hands of the vulgar. Spenfer’s Ireland.
The commiffioners pulled down or defaced all images in
churches, in fuch unfeafonable fafhion, as is done in hoftility. Hayward.
This digreffion I conceived not unfeafonable for this place,
nor upon this occafion. Clarendon.
Haply mention may arife
Of fomething not unfeafonable to afk. Milton.
Timothy lay out a-nights, and went abroad often at un¬
feafonable hours. Arbutbnot.
2. Not agreeable to the time of the year.
Like an unjeafonable ftormy day.
Which makes the filver rivers drown their fhores,
As if the world were all diflolv’d in tears. Shakefpeare.
3. Late; as, unfeafonable time of night.
Unse'asonableness. n. f. Difagreement with time or place.
The moral goodnefs, unfitnefs, and unfeafonahlenefs of
moral or natural actions, falls not within the verge of a
brutal faculty. Hale’s Origin of Mankind.
Unse asonably, adv. Not feafonably ; not agreeably to time
or occafion.
Some things it afketh unfeafonably, when they need not to
be prayed for, as deliverance from thunder and tempeft,
when no danger is nigh. Hooker, b. v.
Leave to fathom fuch high points as thefe.
Nor be ambitious, ere the time, to pleafe ;
Unfeaj'onably wife, till age and cares
Have foim’d thy foul to manage great affairs. Dryden.
By the methods preferibed, more good, and lefs mifehief,
will be done in acute diftempers, than by medicines impro¬
perly and unfeafonably applied. Arbutbnot.
Ulyfies yielded unfeajonably, and the ftrong paffion for his
country fhould have given him vigilance. Broome.
Unseasoned, adj.
1. Unfeafonable ; untimely; ill-timed. Out of ufe.
Your majefty hath been this fortnight ill,
And thefe unfeafon d hours perforce muft add
Unto your ficknefs. Shakefp. Hen. IV".
I think myfelf in a better plight for a lender than you are ;
the which hath fomething emboldened me to this unfeafoned
intrufion. Shakefpeare.
2. Unformed ; not qualified by ufe.
’1 is an unfeafon d courtier ; advife him. Sbakejpeare.
3. Irregular; inordinate.
The commiffioners pulled down or defaced all images in
churches, in fuch unfeafonable and unfeafoned falhion, as if
done in hoftility. _ Hayward.
4. Not kept till fit for ufe.
5. Not faked ; as, unfeafoned meat.
Unse/conded. adj.
1. Not fupported.
Him did you leave
Second to none, unfecondcd by you.
To look upon the hideous god of war
In difadvantage. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
2. Not exemplified a fecond time.
Strange and unfecondcd lhapes of worms fucceeded. Brown.
To Unse'cret. v. a. To difclofe ; to divulge.
He that confulteth what he fhould do, lhould not declare
what he will do ; but let princes beware, that the unfecreting
of their affairs comes not from themfelvcs. Bacon.
U N S
Unse'cRET. adj. Not clofe ; not truffy.
Who fhal! be true to us,
When we are fo unfecret to ourfelves ?
Unseci/re. adj. Not fafe.
Love, though moft fure,
Yet always to itfelf Tec-ms unfecure.
Unsedi/ced. adj. Not drawn to ill.
If fhe remain unjedued, you not making it appear otherwife ; for your ill opinion, and th’ afi’ault you have made to
her chaftity, you fhal! anfvver me with your fvvord. SbakeJ'p.
Among innumerable falfe, unmov’d,
Unfhaken, unfeducd, unterrify’d. Alilton s Paradife Lofl.
Unsee'ing. adj. Wanting the power of vifion.
I fhou’d have fcratch’d out your unfeeing eyes.
To make my mafter out of love with thee. Shakefpeare.
To Unsef/m. v. n. Not to feem. Not in ufe.
You wrong the reputation of your name,
In fo un(ce)ning to confefs receipt
Of that, which hath fo faithfully been paid. Shakefpeare.
Unseemliness, n.f Indecency; indecorum; uncomelinefs.
All as before his fight, whom we fear, and whofe pre¬
fence to offend with any the leaft unfeemlinefs, we would be
furely as loth as they, who moft reprehend or deride that
we do. Hooker, b. v.
Unsee'mly. n.f Indecent ; uncomely; unbecoming.
Contentions as yet were never able to prevent two evils ;
the one a mutual exchange of unfeemly and unjuft difgraces
offered by men, whofe tongues and paffions are out of rule ;
the other a common hazard of both, to be made a prey
by fuch as ftudy how to work with moft advantage in
private. Hooker.
Let us now devife
What, beft may for the prefent ferve to hide
1 he parts of each from other, that feem moft
To fhame obnoxious, and unjeemliejl leen. Milton.
Her gifts
Were fuch, as under government well feem’d ;
Unfeemly to bear rule. Milton’s Par. Lofl.
My fons, let your unfeemly difeord ceafe ;
If not in friendfhip, live at leaft in peace. Dryden.
I wifh every unfeemly idea, and wanton expreffion had been
banifh’d from amongft them. JVatts.
UnseeMly. adv. Indecently; unbecomingly.
Charity doth not behave itfelf unjeemly, feeketh not her
own. 1 Cor. xiii. 5.
Unmanly dread invades the French aftony’d ;
Unfeemly yelling ; diftant hills return
The hideous noife. Philips.
Unsee'n. adj.
1. Not feen ; not dilcovered.
A jeft unfeen, infcrutable, invifible,
As a nofe on a man’s face, or a weathercock on a fteeple. Sh*
Her father and myfelf
Will fo difpofe ourfelves, that feeing, unfeen,
We may oi the encounter frankly judge. Shakefp. Hamlet.
A painter became a phyfician ; whereupon one (aid to him,
you have done well ; for before the faults of your work were
leen, but now they are unfeen. Bacon.
Here may I always on this downy grafs,
Unknown, unfeen, my eafy minutes pafs. Rofcommon.
Millions of fpiritual creatures walk the earth
Unfeen, both when we wake, and when we lleep. Milton.
At his birth a ftar
Unfeen before in heaven, proclaims him come ;
And guides the eaftern fages who enquire
His place, to offer incenfe, myrrh, and gold. Milton.
He that on her his bold hand lays.
With Cupid’s pointed arrows plays :
They with a touch, they are fo keen,
Wound us unfhot, and fhe unfeen. Waller.
The footfteps of the deity he treads.
And fecret moves along the crowded fpace,
Unfeen of all the rude Phaeacian race. Pope's Odyffey.
2. Inviiible; undifcoverable.
The weeds of herefy being grown into ripenefs, do, even
in the very cutting down, fcatter oftentimes thofe feeds which
for a while lie unfeen and buried in the earth ; but afterward
frefhly lpring up again no lefs perniciousthan at the firft. Hooker.
On fhe came,
Led by her heav'nly maker, though unfeen
And guided by his voice. Milton's Par. Lojl.
3. Unfkilled ; unexperienced.
He was not unfeen in the affections of the court, but had
not reputation enough to reform it. Clarendon.
UnseTfish. adj. Not addicted to private intereft.
The moft interefted cannot purpofe any thing fo much to
their own advantage, notwitbftanding which the inclination is
neverthelefs unj'eifjh. Spectator, N 5b’3.
Unse'nt. adj.
1. Notfent.
Shakefpeare*
Denham.
2. Us-
U N S U N S
2.Unsent for. Not called by letter or meflcnger.
If a phyffcian fhould go from houfe to houfe urrfent for>
and enquire what woman hath a cancer, or what man a
fiftula, he would be as unwelcome as the difeale itfelf. Taylor.
Somewhat of weighty confequence brings you here fo
often, and unfentfor. Dryden.
Unse'parable. adj. Not to be parted ; not to be divided.
Oh world, thy flippery turns! Friends now fall fworn.
Who twine as ’twere in love
Unfeparable, fhall, within this hour,
Break out to bittereft enmity. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Unse/parated. adj. Not parted.
There feek the Theban bard ;
To whom Perfephone, entire and whole,
Gave to retain tW unfeparated foul. Pope’s Odyjfey.
Unserviceable, adj. Ufelefs ; bringing no advantage or
convenience.
The beaft, impatient of his fmarting wound, ~i
Thought with his wings to fly above the ground ; C
But his late wounded wing unferviceable found. Spenfer. j
’Tis certainly demonftrated, that the condenfation and expanflon of any proportion of the air, is always proportional
to the weight incumbent upon it: fo that if the atmofphere
had been much greater or lefs than it is, it would on the
lurface of the earth, have been unferviceable for vegetation
and life. Bentley’s Sermons.
It can be no unferviceable defign to religion, to undeceive
men in fo important a point. Rogers's Sermons.
UnseRviceably. adj. Without ufe ; without advantage.
It does not enlarge the dimenfions of the globe, or lie idly
and unferviceably there, but part of it is introduced into the
plants which grow thereon, and the reft either remounts
again, with the afcending vapour, or is wafh’d down into
rivers. Woodward's Nat. Hijl.
Unse't. adj. Not fet; not placed.
They urge that God left nothing in his word undefcribed,
nothing unfet down; and therefore charged them ftriCtly to
keep themfelves into that without any alteration. Hooker.
To Unse'ttle. v. a.
1. To make uncertain.
Such a doctrine unfettles the titles to kingdoms and eftates ;
for if the adtions from which fuch fettlements fpring were
illegal, all that is built upon them mult be fo too : but the
laft is abfurd, therefore the firft mult be fo likewife. Arbuthnot.
2. To move from a place.
As hig as he was, did there need any great matter to un¬
fettle him. ; L'EJlrange.
3. To overthrow.
Unsettled, adj.
1. Not fixed in refolution ; not determined ; not fteady.
Impartially judge, whether from the very firft day that our
religion was unjettled, and church government flung out of
doors, the civil government has ever been able to fix upon a
fure foundation. South's Sermons.
A folemn air, and the beft comforter
To an unfettled fancy, cure thy brains. Shakefp.
Prepar’d I was not
For fuch a bufinefs ; there am I found
So much unfettled. Shakefpcare.
With them, a baftard of the king deceas’d,
And all t\V unfettl'd humours of the land,
^ Rafh, inconiiderate, fiery, voluntary. Shakefpcare.
. Uncertain and unjettled he remains
Deep vers’d in books, and fhallow in himfelf. Milton.
A covetous man deliberated betwixt the qualms of a wam¬
bling ftomach, and an unfettled mind. L'EJlrange.
Unfettled virtue ftormy may appear ;
Honour, like mine, ferenely is levere. Dryden.
2. Unequable ; not regular ; changeable.
March and September, the two equinoxes, are the moft
windy and tempeftuous, the moft unjettl'd and unequable feafons in moft countries. Bentley s Sermons,
3. Not eftablifhed.
My cruel fate,
And doubts attending an unfettled ftatc.
Forc’d me to guard my coalt. Dryden.
4. Not fixed in a place or abode.
David fuppofed that it could not ftand with the duty which
he owed unto God, to fet himfelf in an houfe of cedar trees,
and to behold the ark of the Lord’s covenant unjettled. Hooker.
Unsettledness. n. f.
1. Irrefolution ; undetermined ftate of mind.
2. Uncertainty ; fluctuation.
1 he unjettlednejs of my condition has hitherto put a flop
to my thoughts concerning it. Dryden.
£ Want of fixity.
"W hen the lun fhines upon a river, though its waves roll
this way and that by the wind, yet, for all their unfettlednejs,
the fun ftrikes them with a direCt and certain beam. South.
UnseRerED. adj. Not parted; not divided.
Honour and policy, like unfever'd friends,
I’ th’ war do grow together. Shakefp. Coriolanus
Their bands, though flack, no diflolution fear;
Th’ unfever'd parts the greateft preffure bear ; L
Though loofe, and fit to flow, they Hill cohere. Blackmore. 3
ToUnseR. v. a. To make otherways than the fex com¬
monly is.
All you fpirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unfex me here.
And fill me, from the crown to th’ toe, top full
Of dire& cruelty. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Unsha'dowed. adj. Not clouded ; not darkened.
He alone fees all things with an unjhadowed, comprehensive
vifion, who eminently is all. Glanville.
Unsha'iceable. adj. Not fubjeCt to cohcuffion. Not in ufe.
Your ifle ftands,
As Neptune’s park, ribbed and paled in
With rocks unfhakeable, and roaring waters. Shakefp.
Unsha/ked. adj. Notfhaken. Not in ule.
I know but one.
That unaflailable holds on his rank,
Unjhak'd of motion. Shakefp. Jul. Cesfar.
UnshaRen. adj.
1. Not agitated ; not moved.
Purpofe is
Of violent birth, but poor validity ;
Which now, like fruits unripe, flicks on the tree.
But fall unfoaken, when they mellow be. Sbakefpeare.
The wicked’s fpite againft God, is but like a madman’s
running his head againft the wall, that leaves the wall un¬
foaken, but dafhes his own brains out. Boyle.
2. Not lubjeCt to concuflion.
3. Not weakened in refolution ; not moved.
Among innumerable falfe, unmov’d,
Unfoaken, unfeduc’d, unterrify’d. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Ill waft thou fhrouded then,
O patient fon of God ! yet only ftood’ft
Unjhaken. Milton's Par. Regain'd, b. iv.
Employ it in unfeigned piety tpwards God, in unjhaken duty
to his vicegerent. Sprat.
His principles were founded in reafon, and fupported by
virtue, and therefore did not lie at the mercy of ambition :
his notions were no lefs fteady and unjhaken, than juft and
upright. ' Addifon.
To Unsha'kle. v. a. To loofe from bonds.
A laudable freedom of thought unfhackles their minds from
the narrow prejudices of education, and opens their eyes to
a more extenlxve yiew of the publick good. Addifon.
UnshaRed. adj. Not fhamed.
The brave man feeks not popular applaufe ;
Unjham'd, though foil’d, he does the beft he can:
Force is of brutes, but honour is of man. Dryden.
UnshaRen. adj. Milhapen ; deformed.
This unfhapen earth we now inhabit, is the form it was
found in, when the waters had retired. Burnet.
Gafping for breath, th’ unfoapen Phocte die.
And on the boiling wave extended lie. Addifon.
UnshaRed. adj. Not partaken ; not had in common.
Blifs, as thou haft part, to me is blifs ;
Tedious unfoar'd with thee, and odious foon. Milton.
1 o UnsheRth. v. a. To draw from the fcabbard.
Executioner, unfheath thy fword ;
Clifford’s manhood lies upon his tongue. Sbakefpeare.
Mowbray, the bilhop Scroop, Haftings, and all
Are brought to the correction of your law :
There is not now a rebel’s fword unjheath'd. Sbakefpeare.
Viewing the Trojan reliques, fhe unjheath'd
^Eneas’s fword. Denham.
.Arcite, his fword unjheath'd. Dryden.
Far hence be fouls profane !
Now, Trojan, take the way thy fates afford ;
Aflume thy courage, and unjheath thy fword. Dryden,
The Roman fenate has refolv’d,
’Till time give better profpeCts, ftill to keep
The fword unjheath'd, and turn its edge on Caefar. Addifon.
Each chief his fev’nfold fhield difplay’d.
And half unjheath'd the Alining blade. Dope.
Unshe'd. adj. Not fpilt.
To blood unfoed the rivers muft be turn’d. Milton,
Uhshe ltered. adj. Wanting a fereen ; wanting protec¬
tion.
He is breeding that worm, which will finite this gourd,
and leave him unjheltered to that fcorching wrath of God,
which will make the improvement of Jonah’s paffionate
wifh, that God would take away his life, his molt rational
defire. Decay of Piety.
Unshi'elded. adj. Not guarded by the fhield.
Hetry’d a tough, well-chofen fpear !
Though (Jygnus then did no defence provide.
But fcornfui offer’d his wijhielded fide. Dryden.
To UnshiR. v a. To take out of a fhip.
At the cape we landed for frcfli water; but difeovering a
leak, we unjhipped our goods, and watered there. Gulliver.
3
UnshoR.
U N S
^PtisHo'cKF.D. adj. Not difgufted ; not offendedj
Thv fpotlefs thoughts unfhock'd the prieft may hear.
; Ticket!.
UssHi/d. adj. [from unfhoed.] Having no fhocs.
Their feet un/bod, their bodies wrapt in rags ;
A nd both as fwift on foot, as chafed {tags. Fairy £hicen.
Withhold thy foot from being un/bod. Jer. ii.
The king’s army, naked and unjhody would, through
thofe inclofed parts, have done them little harm. Clarendon.
Unshoo'k. part. adj. Not fhaken.
Pit, box, and gall’ry in convulfions hurl’d,
Thou ftand’ft tinjbook amidft a burfting world. Pope.
Unsho'rn. adj. Not clipped.
This ftrength, diffus’d
No lefs through all my fxnews, joints and bones,
Than thine, while I preferv’d thele locks unjhorn,
The pledge of my unviolated vow. Milton $ Agonifles.
Straight as a line in beauteous order flood,
Of oaks unjhorn, a venerable wood. Dryden.
Unsho/t. part, adj. Not hit by fhot.
He that on her his bold hand lays.
With Cupid’s pointed arrow plays ;
They, with a touch, they are fo keen.
Wound us unjhot, and fhe unfeen. TFuller.
ToUnsho'ut. v. a. To annihilate, or retract a fhout.
Unjhout the noife that banifh’d Marcius ;
Repeal him, with the welcome of his mother. Shakefpeare.
Unsho'wehed. adj. Not watered by fhowers.
Nor is Ofiris feen
In Memphian grove or green.
Trampling th’ unjhcuver'd grafs with lowings loud. Milton.
UnshrPnking. adj. Not recoiling ; not fhunning danger or
pain.
Your fon, my lord, has paid a foldier’s debt;
He only liv’d but till he was a man;
The which no fooner had his prowefs confirm’d.
In the unjhrinking flation where he fought.
But, like a man, he died. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Unshu'nnable. adj. Inevitable.
’Tis the plague of great ones,
Prerogativ’d are they lefs than the bafe ;
’Tis defliny unjhunnable like death. Shakefp. Othello.
Unsi'fted. adj.
1. Not parted by a fieve.
The ground one year at reft, forget not thou
With richeft dung to hearten it again,
Or with unfifted afhes. May's Virgil.
2. Not tried.
Affection ! puh ! you fpeak like a green girl,
Unfifted in fuch perilous circumftance. Shakefpeare.
Unsi'ght. adj. Not feeing. A low word, ufed only with
unfeeny as in the example following. Probably formed by
corruption of unfighted.
They’ll fay our bufinefs to reform
The church and ftate is but a worm ;
For to fubferibe, unfight, unfeen.
To an unknown church difeipline. Hudibras.
Unsi'ghted. adj. Invifible ; not feen.
Beauties that from worth arife.
Are like the grace of deities.
Still prefent with us, though unfighted. Suckling.
Unsightliness, n.f [from unfightly.'] Deformity; difagreeablenefs to the eye.
The unfightlinejs in the legs, may be helped, by wearing
a laced flocking. IVifeman's Surgery.
Unsightly, adj. Difagreeable to the fight.
On my knees I beg,
That you’ll vouchfafe me raiment, bed, and food.—
—Good Sir, no more : thefe are unfightly tricks. Shakefp.
Thofe bloffoms alfo, and thofe dropping gums,
That lie beftrown, unfightly, and unfmooth,
Afk riddance, if we mean to tread with eafe. Milton.
Amongft the reft, a fmall, unfightly root.
But of divine effedl, he cull’d me out. Milton.
It muft have been a fine genius for gardening, that could
fiave formed fuch an unfightly hollow, into fo beautiful an
area. _ Spectator, ^477.
Unsince're. adj. [infincerusy Lat.]
1. Not hearty; not faithful.
2. Not genuine ; impure ; adulterated.
I have fo often met with chymical preparations, which I
have found unfincerey that I, dare fcarce trull any. Boyle.
3. Not found ; not folid.
Myrrha was joy’d the welcome news to hear;
But, closg’d with guilt, the joy was unfimeere. Dryden.
Unsincf/rity. adj. Adulteration; cheat.
A fpirit of fea-falt may, without any unfincerityy be fo
prepared, as to diffolve crude gold. Boyle.
To UnsPnew. v. a. T 0 deprive of ftrength.
Nor are the nerves of his compadled ftrength.
Stretch’d and difiolv’d into unfinew'd length. Denham.
U N S
Now toys and trifles from their Athens come,
A.nd dates and pepper have unfinew’d Rome. Dryden.
The afteded purity of the breach has unfinew'd their heroick verfe. 1 he language of an epick poem is almoft
wholly figurative : yet are they fo fearful of a metaphor,
that no example of Virgil can encourage them to be bold
with fafety. Dryden.
UnsiYged. Not fcorched ; not touched by fire.
By the command of Domitian, when call into a chaldron
of burning oil, he came out unfinged. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Three men palled through a fiery furnace, untouch’d, un¬
finged. Stephens’s Sermons.
Unsi'nking. adj. Not finking.
Anxur feels the cool refrcfhing breeze
Blown off the fea, and ail the dewy ftrand
Lies cover’d with a fmooth, unfinking fand. Addifon.
Unsi'newed. adj. Nervelefs; weak.
Two fpecial reafons
May to you, perhaps, feem much unfinevSd.
And yet to me are ftrong. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Unsi'nning. adj. Impeccable.
A perfed unfinning obedience, free from particular ads of
tranfgreffion. Rogers.
Unska'nned. adj. Not meafured ; not computed.
This tiger-footed rage, when it fhall find
The harm of unficann'd fwiftnefs will, too late.
Tie leaden pounds to’s heels. Shakejp. Coriolanus.
Unskilled, adj. Wanting fkill ; wanting knowledge.
Unficill'd in Hellebore, if thou fhouldll try 1
To mix it, and miftake the quantity, SThe rules of phyfick would againfl thee cry. Dryden. J
Unficill'd and young, yet fomething ftill I writ.
Of Ca’ndifh beauty, join’d to Cecil’s wit. Prior.
Not eaftern monarchs on their nuptial day.
In dazzling gold and purple fhine fo gay,
As the bright natives of th’ unlabour’d field,
Unvers’d in lpinning, and in looms unficill'd. Blackmon.
Poets, like painters, thus unficill'd to trace
The naked nature, and the living grace.
With gold and jewels cover every part.
And hide with ornaments their want of art. Pope.
UnskFlful. adj. Wanting art; wanting knowledge.
This overdone, or come tardy off, though it make the
unfkilful laugh, cannot but make the judicious grieve. Shakefp.
Hear his fighs, though mute :
Unfkilful with what words to pray, let me
Interpret for him. Milton's Par. Lofl.
A man, unfkilful in fyllogifm, could perceive the weaknefs and inconclufivenefs of a long, artificial, and plaufible
difeourfe. Locke.
Uling a man’s words, according to the propriety of the
language, though it be not always underftood, leaves the
blame on him, who is fo unfkilful in the language, as not
to underftand it, when ufed as it ought. Locke.
Unskilfully, adv. Without knowledge ; without art.
You fpeak unjkifully; or, if your knowledge be more, it
is much darkened in your malice. Shakefpeare.
UnskFlfulness. n.f. Want of art; want of knowledge.
The fweetnefs of her countenance did give fuch a grace
to what fhe did, that it did make handfome the unhandfomenefs, and make the eye force the mind to believe that there
was a praife in that unfkilfiilnefs. ' Sidney.
Let no prices be heightened by the neceflity or unficilfulnefs
of the contractor. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
Unsla'in. adj. Not killed.
If there were any who felt a pity of fo great a fall, and
had yet any fparks of unflain duty left in them towards me,
yet durft they not fhew it. Sidney, b. iii.
Not hecatomb unfiainy nor vows unpaid,
On Greeks accurs’d, this dire contagion bring. Dryden.
Unsla'ked. adj. Not quenched.
Her defires new rous’d.
And yet unfiak'dy will kindle in her fancy,
And make her eager to renew the feaft. Dryden.
Wheat fteep’d in brine, drawing the brine from it, they
mix with unfiack'r/lime beatto powder, and fo fow it. Mortimer.
Unslee'ping. adj. Ever wakeful.
And rofeate dews difpos’d
All but th’ unfieeping eyes of God to reft. Milton's Par. Lofl.
Unsli'pping. adj. Not liable to flip ; faft.
To knit your hearts
With an unflipping knot, take, Antony,
Odtavia to wife. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Unsmi'rched. adj. Unpolluted; notftained.
That drop of blood that’s calm proclaims me baftard ;
Cries cuckold to my father ; brands the harlot
Ev’11 here, between the challe and unfmirch'd brow
Of my true mother. Shakefp. Han let.
Unsmo'ked. adj. Not linoked.
His antient pipe in fable dy’d,
And half unjnoak'd lay by his fide.
29 Y
Swift.
Un*
U N S
Unsmo6'th. adj. Rough; not even ; not level. Not ufed.
Thofe bloffoms, and thofe dropping gums
That lie beftrown, unfightly, and unjmootb,
Aik riddance, if we mean to tread with eafe. Milton.
Unsociable, adj. [infociabilis, Lat.j Not kind; not commu¬
nicative of good ; not fuitable to fociety.
By how much the more we are accompanied with plenty,
by fo much the more greedily is our end defired, whom when
time hath made unfociable toothers, we become a burden to
ourfelves. Raleigh's Hijl. of the World.
Such a behaviour deters men from a religious life, by reprefenting it as an unfociable ftatc, that extinguifhes all
joy, b Addifon's Spectator, N® 497.
Unsociably, adv. Not kindly; without good-nature.
Thefe are pleas’d with nothing that is not unfociably four,
ill-natur’d, and troublefome. L'Ejlrange.
Unso'iled. adj. Not polluted ; not tainted ; not flained.
Who will believe thee, Ifabcl ?
My unfoil'd name, th’ aufterenefs of my life.
Will your accufation overweigh. Shakefpeare.
The humours are tranfparent, to let in the light, unfoiled
and unfophifticated by any inward tin&urb. Ray.
Her Arethufian ftream remains unfoil'd,
Unmix’d with foreign filth, and undefil’d. Dryden.
Unso ld. adj. Not exchanged for money.
Mopfus the fage, who future things foretold.
And t’other feer, yet by his wife unfold. Dryden.
Adieu, my children ! better thus expire
Unftail’d, unfold-, thus glorious mount in fire. Pope.
Unso'ldierlike. adj. Unbecoming a foldier.
Perhaps they had fentinels waking while they flept; but
even this would be unfoldierlike in our age. Broome.
Unso'lid. adj. Fluid; not coherent.
Theextenfion of body is nothing butthe cohefion of folid,
feparable, moveable parts; and the extenfion of fpace, the
continuity of unfolid, infeparable and unmoveable parts. Locke.
Unsoo't. for unfweet. Spenfer.
Unsoph/sticated. adj. Not adulterated.
The humour and tunicles are purely tranfparent, to let in
light and colours, unfouled and unfophijlicated by any inward
tiixfture. Adore's Antidote againfl Atheijm.
Blue vitriol, how venereal and unfophijlicated foever, rubb’d
upon the whetted blade of a knife, will not impart its latent
colour. Boyle.
If authors will not keep clofe to truth by unvaried terms,
and plain, unfophificated arguments ; yet it concerns readers
not to be impofed on, by fallacies. Locke.
Unsc/lved. adj. Not explicated.
Why may not a fincere fearcher of truth, by labour and
prayer, find out the folution of thofe perplexities, which
have hitherto been unfolved? Watts.
As Virgil propounds a riddle which he leaves unfolved-,
fo I will give you another, and leave the expofition to your
acute judgment. Dryden.
Unso'rted. adj. Not diftributed by proper reparation.
Their ideas, ever indifferent and repugnant, lie in the brain
unforted, and thrown together without order. Watts.
Unso'ught. adj.
1. Had without feeking. .
Mad man, that does feek
Occafion of wrath, and caufe of ftrife;
She comes unfought; and fhunned, follows eke. Fairy Queen.
Her virtue, and the confcience of her worth.
That would be woo’d, and not unfought be won. Milton.
They new hope refume,
To find whom at the firft they found unfought. Milton.
The fea o’er-fraught would fwell, and th'unfought dia¬
monds
Would fo emblaze the forehead of the deep. Milton.
Slumber, which forgot
When call’d before to come, now came unfought. Milton.
If fome foreign and unfought ideas offer themfelves, rejeCt
them, and keep them from taking oft’ our minds from its
prefent purfuit. Locke.
Thou that art ne’er from velvet flipper free.
Whence comes this unfought honour unto me ? Fenton.
2. Not fearched.
Hopelefs to find, yet loth to leave unfought,
Or that, or any place that harbours men. Shakefpeare.
Unso'und. adj.
1. Sickly; wanting health.
Irttemp’rate youth
Ends in an age imperfeCt, and unfound. Denham.
An animal whofe juices are unfound, can never b? duly
pourifhed; for unfound juices can never duly repair the fluids
and folids. Arbuthnot.
2. Not free from cracks.
3. Rotten ; corrupted.
4. Not orthodox.
Thefe arguments being found and good, it cannot be un¬
found or evil to hold ftill the fame aflertion. Hooker.
U NS
Eutyches of found belief, as touching their true perfonal
copulation, become unfound, by denying the difference which
ftill continueth between the one and the other nature. Hooker
5. Not honeft ; not upright.
Do not tempt my mifery,
Left it ftiould make me fo unfound a man,
As to upbraid you with thofe kindnefles
That I have done for you. Shakefpeare.
6. Not true ; not certain.
Their vain humours, fed
With fruitlefs follies and unfound delights. Hubbard's Tale.
7. Not fall; not calm.
The now fad king,
Tofs’d here and there, his quiet to confound.
Feels fudden terror bring cold Ihivering;
Lifts not to eat; ftill mufes; fleeps unfound. Daniel.
8. Not clofe ; not compact.
Some lands make unfound cheefe, notwithftanding all the
care of the good houfewife. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
9. Not fincere; not faithful.
This Boobyclod foon drops upon the ground
A certain token that his love’s unfound;
While Lubberkin fticks firmly. Gay.
10. Not folid ; not material.
Of fuch fubtle fubftance and unfound.
That like a ghoft he feem’d, whofe grave-cloaths are un¬
bound. Fairy Queen.
11. Erroneous; wrong.
What fury, what conceit unfound,
Prefenteth here to death fo fweet a child ? Fairfax.
His puiffance, trufting in th’ Almighty’s aid,
I mean to try, whofe reafon I have try’d
Unfound and falfe. Milton.
12. Not faft under foot.
Unso'unded. adj. Not tried by the plummet.
Glo’fter is
Unfounded yet, and full of deep deceit. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Orpheus lute was ftrung with poets finews,
Whofe golden touch could foften fteel and ftones ;
Make tygers tame, and huge leviathans
Forfake unfounded deeps to dance on funds. Shakefpeare.
Unso'undness. n.f. '
1. Erroneoufnefs of belief; want of orthodoxy.
If this be unfound, wherein doth the point of unfoundnefs
lie ? Hooker, b. iv.
2. Corruptnefs of any kind.
Neither is it to all men apparent, which complain of un¬
found parts, with what kind of unfoundnefs every fuch part is
poflefled. Hooker, b. iv.
3 Want of ftrength ; want of folidity.
The unfoundnefs of this principle has been often expos’d, ,
and is univerfally acknowledged. Addifon.
UNSo'lTRED. adj.
1. Not made four.
Meat and drink laft longer unputrified and unfour'd in win¬
ter than in fummer. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
2. Not made morofe.
Secure thefe golden early joys,
That youth unfour'd with forrow bears. Dryden.
Unso/wnt. adj. Not propagated by fcattering feed.
Mufhrooms come up haftily in a night, and yet are un¬
fown. Bacon.
If the ground lie fallow and unfown, corn-flowers will not
come. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
The flow’rs unfown in fields and meadows reign’d.
And weftern winds immortal fpring maintain’d. Dryden.
Unspa'red. adj. Not lpared.
Whatever thing
The feythe oPtime mows down, devour unfpared. Milton.
Unspa/ring. adj. Not fparing; not parfimonious.
She gathers tribute large, and on the board
•..Heaps with unfpariny hand. Milton.
To Unspe'ak. v. a. To retraCt; to recant.
I put myfelf to thy direction, and
Unfpeak mine own detraction ; here abjure
The taints and blames I laid upon myfelf. Shakefpeare.
Unspe'ak.able. adj. Not to be exprefled.
A thing, which uttered with true devotion and zeal of
heart, affordeth to God himfelf that glory, that aid to the
weakeft fort of men, to the moft perfect that folid comfort,
which is unjpeakable. Hooker, b. v.
A heavier talk could not have been impos’d,
Than I to fpeak my grief unfpcakable. Shakefpeare.
Both addrelt for fight
Unfpeakable : for who, though with the tongue
Of angels, can relate ? Milton.
The comfort it conveys is fomething bigger than the capa¬
cities of mortality; mighty, and unpeakable; and not to be
underftood, till it comes to be felt. * South's Sermons.
This fills the minds of weak men with groundlefs fears, and
unfpeakable rage towards their fellow fubjecls. Addifon.
Un-
U N S
Unspeakably, adv. Inexpreffibly ; ineffably. ,
When nature is in her diffolution, and prefents us with no¬
thing but bleak and barren pro pects, there is fomethiiw unfpeakably chearful in a (pot of ground which is covered with
trees, that fmile amidft all the rigours of winter. Spectator.
Unspecified, adj. Not particularly mentioned.
Were it not requifite that it fhould be concealed, it had
not pa{fed unspecified. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Unspe culative. adj. Not theoretical.
Some unfpeculative men may not have the fkill to examine
their aflertions. Government of the Tongue.
Unspe'd. adj. Not difpatched ; not performed.
Venutus withdraws,
Tjnfped the fervice of the common caufe. Garth.
Unspe/nt. adj. Not wafted ; not diminifhed ; not weakened ;
not exhaufted. ,
I he found inclofed within the Tides of the bell, cometh
forth at the holes unfpent and more ftrong. Bacon.
1 hy fame, not circumfcrib’d with Englifh ground.
Flies like the nimble journeys of the light,
And is, like that, unjpent too in its flight. Dryden.
To Unsphe're. v. a. To remove from its orb.
You put me oft with limber vows ; but I,
Though you wou’d feek t’ unfphere the ftars with oaths.
Should yet fay, Sir, no going. Shakefpeare.
Let my lamp at midnight hout
Be feen in fome high lonely tow’r.
Where I may oft out-watch the bear,
With thrice-great Hermes ; or unfphere 1
The fpirit of Plato, to unfold
What worlds, or what vaft regions hold
Th’immortal mind. Milton.
Unspi'ed. adj. Not difeovered ; not feen.
With narrow fearch I muft walk round
This garden, and no corner leave unfpy'd. Milton.
Refolv’d to find fome fault, before unfpy'd;
And difappointed, if but fatisfy’d. " Tidell.
Unspi'lt. adj.
1. Not fhed.
That blood which thou and thy great grandfire fhed ;
And all that fince thefe After nations bled,
Had been unfpilt, had happy Edward known.
That all the blood he fpilt had been his own. Denham.
2. Notfpoiled; not marred.
To borrow to-daie, and to-morrow to mis.
For lender or borrower noiance it is ;
Then have of thine own.e, without lending unfpilt. Tuffer.
ToUnspi'rit. v. a. Todifpirit; to deprefs ; to dejedh.
Denmark has continued ever fince weak and unfpirited,
bent only upon fafety. Temple.
Could it be in the power of any temporal lofs, fo much
to difeompofe and unfpirit my foul l Norris.
Unspoiled, adj.
1. Not plundered ; not pillaged.
All the way that they fled, for very defpight, in their return
they utterly wafted whatfoever they had before left unfpoiled. Spenfer s State of Ireland.
The Englifh fearch’d the rivers in fuch fort, as they left
few fhips unfpoiled or untaken. Hayward.
Unffoil'd fhall be her arms, and unprofan’d
Her holy limbs. Dryden.
2. Not marred.
UnspoAted. adji
1. Not marked with any ftain.
A milk-white hind.
Without unfpotted, innocent within. Dryden.
Seven bullocks yet unyok’d for Phoebus chufe,
• And for Diana feven unjpotted ewes. Dryden.
2. Immaculate ; not tainted with guilt.
Satyran bid him other bufinefs ply,
Than hunt the fteps of pure, unjpotted maid. Fairy fhieen.
A heart unfpotted is not eafily daunted. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
There is no king, be his caufe never fo fpotlefs, if it come
to the arbitrement of fwords, can try it out with all unfpotted
foldiers. Shakefp. Hen. V.
Pure religion and undefiled is this, to vifit the fatherlefs
and widows in their afflidion, and to keep himfelf unfpotted
from the world. James i. 27.
Wifdom is the grey hair to men, and an unjpotted Wit is
old age. . _ Apocrypha.
Make her his eternal bride ;
And from her fair unjpotted fide
Two blifsful twins are to be born. Milton.
Thou wilt not leave me in the Ioathfome grave
His prey, nor fuffer mv unjpotted foul
For ever with corruption there to dwell. Milton.
Vindicate the honour of religion, by a pure and unfpotted
obedience to its precepts. * Rogers's Sermons.
Unsqua'red. adj. Not formed ; irregular.
When he fpeaks,
’Tis like a chime a mending, with terms unfquar'd j
• U N S
Which, from the tongue.of roaring Typhon dropt.
Would feem hyperboles. Shakefp. Troilus and Crejfida.
Unstable, adj. [injlabilisy Lat.J
1. Not fixed ; not fall.
Where gentry, title, wifdom.
Cannot conclude by the yea and no
Of gen’ral ignorance, it muft omit
Real neceflities, and give way the while
1 ’ utfable flightnefs. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
A popular ftate not founded on the general interefts of the
people, is of all others the moft uncertain, unjlabley and
lubjed to the moft eafy changes. Temple.
I hus air was void of light, and earth unjlable. Dryden.
See harnefs’d fteeds defert the ftony town.
And wander roads unjlabley not their own. Gay.
2. Inconftant; irrefolute.
A double-minded man is unjlable. ' James i. 8.
UnstMid. adj. Not cool; not prudent; not fettled into difcretion ; not fteady ; mutable.
His unjiayed youth had long wandered in the common laby¬
rinth of love ; in which time, to warn young people of his
unfortunate folly, he compiled thefe twelve oeglogues. Spenfer.
To the gay gardens his unjlaid defire
Him wholly carried, to refrefh his fprights. Spenfer.
Will the king come, that I may breathe my Jaft
In whole fome counfel to his unjlaid youth. Shakefpeare.
Tell me, how will the world repute me,
For undertaking fo unjlaid a journey ?
I fear it will make me fcandalized. Shakefpeare.
Wo to that land,
Which gafps beneath a child’s unjlaid command. Sandys.
Vice leads
Vain unjlayd youth to beggary and fliame. Richards.
Unstaidness. n.f. Indifcretion ; volatile mind.
The oft changing of his colour, with a kind of fhakincr
unjlaidnefs over all his body, he might fee in his countenance
Tome great determination mixed with fear. Sidney.
Unsta'ined. adj. Not ftained ; not died ; not difcoloured.
Pure and unjlained religion ought to be the higheft of all
cares appertaining to public regimen. Hooker, b. v.
Ne let her waves with any filth be dy’d,
But ever, like herfelf, unfainedhath been try’d. Fa. gjueen:
I do commit into your hand
Th unjlained fword that you have us’d to bear,
V-With this remembrance, that you ufe the fame
With a like bold, juft, and impartial fpirit,
As you have done ’gainft me. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
1 will do it without fear or doubt.
To live an unflam'd wife to my fweet love. Shakefpeare.
Your youth,
And the true blood which peeps forth faintly through it,
Do phiniy give you out an unjlaihd Ihepherd. Shakefpeare.
I he hooked chariot flood
Unftaihd with hoftile blood. Milton.
That good earl, once prefident
Of England's council, and her treafury ;
Who liv’d in both unftaihd with gold or fee,
And left them both, more in himfelf content. Milton.
Her people guiltlefs, and her fields unjtain'd. Rofcommon.
Thefe, of the garter call’d, of faith unftaihd.
In fighting fields the laurel have obtain’d. Drydeni
To Unsta'te. v. a. To put out of ftate.
High-battled Caefar will
Unjlate his happinefs, and be ftag’d to th’ fhew
Againft a fworder. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
1 wou d unjlate myfelf, to be in a due refolution. Shakeft.
Unstatutable, adj. Contrary to ftatute.
I hat plea did not avail, although the leafe were notorioufly
unjlatutabky the rent referv’d, being not a feventh part of the
real vaiue. Swift.
Unstaunched, adj. Not flopped; not flayed.
With the iffuing blood
Stifle the villain, whofe unjlaunched thirft
York and young Rutland could not fatisfy. Shakefpeare
Unsteadily, adv. Jt
1. Without any certainty.
2. Inconftantly ; hot confiftently.
He that ufes his words loofely and unjleadilyy will not fie
minded, or not underftood. pocpe
Unsteadiness, n. f. Want of conftaiicy; irrefolution • mu¬
tability.
A prince of this chara&er, will inftruft us by his example,
to fix the unjleadinefs of our politicks. Addifon
In the refiu]t, we find the fame fpirit of cruelty, the fame
blindnefs, and obftirucy, and unjleadinefl. ’ Swift.
UnsteAdv. adj. *
I. Inconftant; irrefolute.
And her unjleady hand hath often plac’d
Men in high pow’r, but feldom holds them faft. Denham.
No meafures can be taken of an unjleady mind ; ftill ’tis
too much or too little. VEjhange.
While
\J N S U N S
While choice remains, he will be ftill unjleadyy
And nothing but neceflity can fix him. Rowe.
2. Mutable ; variable ; changeable.
If the motion of the fun were as unequal as that of a fliip
driven by unjteady winds, it would not at all help us to meafure time. Locke.
3. Not fixed ; not fettled.
Unste'adfast. adj. Not fixed ; not fall.
I’ll read you matter,
As full of peril and adv'ent’rous fpirit,
As to o’erwalk a current, roaring loud,
On the unjleadfajl footing oi a fpear. Shahefpeai e.
Unstee'ped. adj. Not foaked.
Other wheat was fown unjleeped, but watered twice
a day. Bacon s Nat. Hift.
To Unsting, v. a. To difarm of a fling.
He has difarmed his afflictions, unftung his miferies; and
though he has not the proper happinefs of the world, yet he
has the greateft that is to be enjoyed in it. South's Sermons.
Unstinted, adj. Not limited.
In the works of nature is unftinted goodnefs fhewn us by
their author. Skelton.
Unsti'RRed. adj. Not ftirrred ; not agitated.
Such feeming milks fuffered to ftand unstirred, let fall to
the bottom a relinous fubftance. Boyle on Colours.
To UnstiTch. v. a. To open by picking the flitches.
Cato well obferves, though in the phrafe of a taylor, friendfhip ought not to be unripped, but unftiched. Collier.
Unstoo'ping. adj. Not bending; not yielding.
Such neighbour nearnefs to our facred blood
Should nothing priv’lege him, nor partialize
Th’ unjlooping firmnefs of my upright foul. Shakefpeare.
To Unsto'p. v. a. To free from flop or obftru&ion ; to
open.
Such white fumes have been afforded, by unfopping a li¬
quor diaphonous and red. Boyle on Colours.
The eyes of the blind fhall be opened, and the ears of ” the
deaf unjlopped. . Ifa.xxxv. 5.
One would wonder to find fuch a multitude of nitches unfopped. Addifon's Remarks on Italy.
Unsto'pped. adj. Meeting no refiftance.
The flame unflopp'd, at firft more fury gains,
And Vulcan rides at large with loofen’d reigns. Dryden.
Unstra'ined. adj. Eafy ; not forced.
By an eafy and unfrained derivation, it implies the breath
of God. Hakewill on Providence.
Unstra/itened. adj. Not contracted.
The eternal wifdom, from which we derive our beings, en¬
riched us with all thefe ennoblements that were fuitable to
the meafures of an unftraitened goodnefs, and the capacity of
fuch a creature. Glanville.
Unstre'ngthened. adj. bfot fupported ; notaflifted.
The church of God is neither of capacity fo weak, nor
fo unftrengthened with authority from above, but that her laws
may exaCl obedience at the hands of her own children. Hooker.
To Unstri'ng. v. a.
1. To relax any thing ftrung ; to deprive of firings.
My tongue’s ufe is to me no more,
Than an unftringed viol or harp. Shakcfp. Rich. III.
Eternal ftruCtures let them raife,
On William and Maria’s praife ;
Nor fear they can exhauft the ftore,
’Till nature’s mufick lies unfrung :
’Till thou, great God ! fhalt lofe thy double pow’r,
And touch thy lyre, and fhoot thy beams no more. Prior.
His idle horn on fragrant myrtles hung;
His arrows fcatter’d, and his bow unjtrung. Smith.
2. To loofe ; to untie.
Invaded thus, for want of better bands,
His garland they unftring, and bind his hands. Dryden.
Unstru'ck. adj. Not moved ; not affeCIed.
Over dank and dry,
They journey toilfome, unfatigu’d with length
Of march, unftruck with horror at the fight
Of Alpine ridges bleak. Philips.
Uxstu'died. adj. Not premeditated ; not laboured.
In your converfation I cou’d obfei ve a clearnefs of notion,
exprefs’d in ready and unftudied words. Dryden.
UnstiAffed. adj. Unfilled; unfurnifhed.
Care keeps his watch in every old man’s eye;
And where care lodgeth, fleep will never lie :
But where unbruifed youth, with unftuft brain,
Doth couch his limbs, there golden fleep doth reign. Shah.
Unsubsta'ntial. adj.
I. Not folid ; not palpable.
Welcome, thou unfubftantial air that I embrace ;
r\ he wretch that thou haft blown unto the worlt.
Owes nothing to thy blafts. Shakejp. K. Lear.
Darknefs now rofe.
As daylight funk, and brought in low’ring night.
Her fhadowy offspring, unjubj'tantial both,
Privation mere of light and abfent day. Milton.
2. Not real.
If fuch empty, unfubftantial beings may be ever made ufe
of on this occafion, there were never any more nicely ima¬
gined and employed. Addijon.
Unsuccee'ded. adj. Not fuccceded.
Unjuft equal o’er equals to let reign ;
One over all, with unfucceeded power. AH'ton.
Unsuccessful, adj. Not having the wifhed event; not for¬
tunate ; not well received.
O the fad fate of unfuccefsful fin !
You fee yon heads without, there’s worfe within. Cleveland.
Ye pow’rs return’d
From unfuccefsful charge ! be not difmay’d. Milton.
Hence appear the many miftakes, which have made learn¬
ing generally fo unpleafing and fo unjuccefsful. Alilton.
"Mycounfels may be unfuccejsful, but my prayers
Shall wait on all your adions. _ Denham.
The corruption, perverfenefs, and vitiofity of man’s will,
he charges as the only caufe that rendered all the arguments
his dodrine came cloathed with, unfuccefsful. South.
Had Portius been the unfuccefsful lover.
The fame compaffion would have fall’n on him. Addifon.
Succefsful authors do what they can to exclude a compe¬
titor, while the unfuccefsful, with as much eagernefs, lay
their claim to him as their brother. Addijon.
Thofe are generally more unfuccefsful^ in their purfuit after
fame, who are more defirous of obtaining it.. Addijon.
Leave dang’rous truths to unfuccejsful latire. Pope.
Unsuccessfully, adv. Unfortunately; without fuccefs.
The humble and contented man pleafes himfelf innocently ;
while the ambitious man attempts to pleafe others finfully,
and, perhaps, in the iflue unjuccejsfully too. South.
Uns u c c e'ssfu ln ess. n.f. Wantoffuccefs; event contrary to wifh.
Admonitions, fraternal or paternal, then more publick reprehenfions, and upon the unfuccefsfulnejs of all thefe milder
medicaments, the cenfures of the church. Hammond.
Unsucce'ssive. adj. Not proceeding by flux of parts.
We cannot fum up the u^ucceffive and ftable diredion of
Brown's Vulgar Ereours.
The unfucceffive duration of God with relation to himfelf,
doth not communicate unto other created beings, the fame
manner of duration. Hale.
Unsu'cked. adj. Not having the breads drawn.
Unfuck'd of lamb or kid, that tend their play. Milton.
Unsu'fferable. n.f. Not fupportable; intolerable; not to
be endured. .
The irkfome deformities, whereby through endlefs and
fenfelefs effufions of indigefted prayers, they oftentimes difgrace, in moft unfufferable manner, the worthieft part of
chriftian duty towards God. Hooker, b. v.
That glorious form, that light unfufferable,
And that far-beaming blaze of majefty,
Wherewith he wont at heav’n’s high council table
To fit the midft of trinal unity,
He laid afide. Milton.
A {linking breath, and twenty ill fmells befides, are more
unfufferable by her natural fluttifhnefs. _ Swift.
UnsuffLciencr, n.f. [infufffance, Fr.] Inability to anfwer
the end propofed.
The error and unfufficience of the arguments-, doth make it
on the contrary fide againft them, a Itrong preemption that
God hath not moved their hearts to think fuch things as he
hath not enabled them to prove. Hooker, b. v.
Unsuffi'cient. adj. [infuffifant, Fr.] Unable; inadequate.
Malebranche having {hewed the difficulties of the other
ways, and how unfuffcient they are, to give a fatisfacfoiy ac¬
count of the ideas we have, ereds this, of feeing all things
in God, upon their ruin, as the true. Locke.
Unsu'gared, adj. Not fweetened with fugar.
Try it with fugar put into water formerly fugared, and into
other water unjugared. Bacon s Nat. Hift.
Unsuitable, adj. Notcongruous; notequal; not proportionate.
Virginity, like an old courtier, wears her cap out of
fafhion; richly fuited, but unjuitable, juft like the brooch and
the tooth-pick, which we wear not now. Shakefpeare.
He will fmile upon her, which will now'be fo unjuitable to
her difpofition, being addided to a melancholy, that it canHOt but turn him into contempt. Shakejp. Twelfth Bight.
That would likelieft render contempt inftead ;
Hard recompence, unfuitable return .
For fo much good. Alilton s Par. Regain d.
All that heaven and happinefs fignifies is unfuitable to a
wicked man ; and therefore could be no felicity to him. ^ dlotj.
Confider whether they be not unneceflary cxpences; luch
as are unfuitable to our circumftances. _ Afterbury.
To enter into a party, as into an order of friars, with io
refigned an obedience to fuperiours, is very unfatabie with the
civil and religious liberties vl% fo zealoufly aflert. Swift.
Unsu'itablf.ness. n.f. Incongruity; unfitnefs.
The unfuitablenejS of one man’s afped to another man s
fancy, has raifed fuch an averfion, as has produced a perfect
hatred ot him. rT , S°u"’-
Unsu'i UNO,
U N S
Unsu'itIng.- adj. Not fitting ; riot becoming.
Whilft you were here, o’erwhelmed with your grief,
A paftion moft unfuiting fuch a man,
Caffio came hither. Shakefp. Othello.
Leave thy joys, Unfuiting fuch an age,
To a frefh comer, and refign the ftage. Drydeft.
Unsu'llied. adj. Not fouled ; not difgraced j pure.
My maiden honour yet is pure
As the unfu lied)illy. Shakefpeare.
1 o royal authority, a moir dutiful obfervance has ever beert
the proper, unfullied honour of your church. Sprat's Sermons.
Rays which on Hough’s unfully'd mitre fhine. Pope.
Thefe an altar raile :
An hecatomb of pure, unjully'd lay's
That altar crowns. Pope
1;NSU'ng. adj. Not celebrated iri verfe ; riot recited in verfe.
Thus was the firft day ev’n and morn,
Nor pafs’d uncelebrated, nor unfung
By the cceleftial choirs. * Milton's Par. Lojl.
Half yet remains unfung ; but narrower bound
Within the viftble diurnal fphere. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Here the mule fo oft her harp has ftrung*
That not a mountain rears its head unfung. Addifon.
IJnsi/nned. adj. Not expofed to the fun.
I thought her as chafte as unfunn'd fnow. Shakefpeare'.
You may as well fpread out the unfunn'd heaps
Of mifers treafure by an outlaw’s den.
And tell me it is fafe, as bid me hope
Danger will wink an opportunity.
And let a ftngle, helplefs maiden pafs
Uninjur’d in this wild furrounding wafte. Milton.
Unsupe'rfluous. adj. Not more than enough.
Nature’s full bleflings would be well difpens’d
In unfuperfiuous, everi proportion,
And fhe no whit encumber’d with her ftore. Milton.
Unsuppla'nted. adj.
1. Not forced, or thrown from under that which fupports it.
Gladfome they quaff, yet not encroach on night,
Seafon of reft; but well bedew’d repair
Each to his home with unjupplanted feet. Philips.
2. Not defeated by ftratagem.
Unsuppli'ed. adj. Not fupplied j riot accommodated with
fomething neceflary.
Prodigal in ev’ry other grants
Her fire left unfupply'd her only want. Drydeft.
Every man who enjoys the pofleflion of Whit he naturally
wants, and is unmindful of the wfupplicd diftrefs of other
men, betrays the fame temper. Spectator.
Unsuppo'rtable: adj. [infupportable^ Fr.] Intolerable* fuch
as cannot be endured.
The uneafinefs of unrelieved thirft, by continuance grows
the more unfupportable. Boyle.
The waters mounted up into the air, thicken and cool it;
and by their interpofition betwixt the earth and the fun, fence
off the ardent heat* which would be otherwife wfupportable. IVoodwaYd's Nat. PIi/l.
Unsuppc/rtaisLY. adv. Intolerably.
For a man to do a thing, while his confcience aflutes him
that he fhall be infinitely, unfupportably miferable, is certainly
unnatural. South.
Unsuppc/rted. adj.
l. Not fuftained j not held upv
Them fhe up-ftays
Gently with myrtle band ; mindlefs the while
Herfelf, though faireft unfupported flow’r. Milton.
£. Not affifted.
Nor have our folitary attempts been fo difcouraged, as to
defpair of the favourable look of learning upon our ftngle and
unfupported endeavours. Brown's Pref to Vulgar Errours.
Unsu're. Notfixed; not certain.
What is love ? ’tis not hereafter :
Prefent mirth hath prefent laughter ;
What’s to come is ftill unfure. Shakefpeare.
The men he preft but late.
To hard allays unfit, unjure at need.
Yet arm’d to point in well attempted plate. Fairfax.
The king, fuppofing his eftate to be moft fafe, when in¬
deed moft unfure, advanced many to new honours. Hayward.
How vain that fecond life in others breath !
Th’ eftate which wits inherit after death !
Eafe, health, and life, for this they muft refign :
Unfure the tenure, but how vaft the fine ! Pope.
UnSURMOUNTABLE, adj. [ infur?nontable, Fr. ] Infuperablej
not to be overcome.
What fafety is it, for avoiding feeming abfurdities, and un~
furmountable rubs in one opinion, to take refuge in the contrary,
which is built on fomething altogether as inexplicable ? Locke.
Unsusceptible, adj. Incapable j not liable to admit.
She a goddefs died in grainy
Was unjufceptiblt of ftairi. Sivift.
UNT
UnsuspIe ct. \adj. Not confidered as likely to do or mean
Unsuspe'cted. J ill.
Here is the head of that ignoble traitor
The dangerous and unfiifpefled Haftings. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Author unfu/pefl,
Frieridly to man, far from deceit or guile. Milton.
On the coaft averfc
From entrance, or cherubick watch, by ftealth
Found unfufpefled way. Milton's Par. Lojl.
This day, my Pcrficus, thou fhalt pefcceive, ^
Whether I keep myfelf thofe rules I give, C
Or elfe an unfufpedtecl glutton live. Dryden. )
They are perfons of unqueftionablc abilities, altogether
unfufpedled of avarice or corruption. Swift-.
Unsuspecting, adj. Not imagining that any ill is defigned.
When Albion lends her eager Ions to war.
Pleas’d, in the gen’ral’s fight, the hoft lie dowm
Sudden, before lome unjufpefling town ;
The captive race, one inftant makes our prize-.
And high in air Britannia’s ftandard flies. Pope.
Unsuspicious, adj. Having no fufpicion.
He his guide requefted to let him lean
With both his arms on thofe two mafly pillars,
That to the arched roof gave main fupport:
He unfufpicious led him. Milton's Agonijles.
The eafy queen receiv’d my faint addrefs,
With eager hope and unfufpicious faith. Smith.
Unsusta'ined. adj. Not fupported ; not held up.
Its head, though gay,
Hung drooping, unfuflain'd. Milton's Par. Lojl-.
All unfujlain'd between the wave and fky,
Beneath my feet the whirling billows fly. Pope.
To Unswa'thE. v. a. To free from folds or convolutions of
bandage.
In the morning an old woman came to nnfwa'the me. Addifon.
Unsw a'yable. adj. Not to be governed or influenced by
another.
He bow’d his nature, never known before
But to be rough, Unjwayable and free. Shakefpeare.
UnsWaCed. adj. Not wielded j not held in the hand.
He makes for England, here to claim the crown.—
-—Is the chair empty ? is the fword unfway'd?
Is the king dead ? the empire unpoflefs’d ? Shctkefpeare.
To Unswe'ar. v. n. Not to lwear ; to recant any thing fwor-n.
The ape was glade to end the ftrife fo light.
And thereto fwore ; for who would not oft fwear.
And oft unfwear, a diadem to bear ? Hubbard's Tale.
To Unswe'at. u. a. To eafe after fatigue -y to cool after
exercife.
The interim of uiifweating themfelves regularly, and con¬
venient reft before meat, may, with profit and delight, be
taken up with folemn mufick. Milton on Education.
Unswe^ating. adj. Not fweating.
In froft and fnow, if you complain of heat,
They rub th’ unfweating brow, and fwear they fweat. Dryd.
Unswee't. adj. Notfweetj difagreeable.
Long were to tell the troublous ftorms that tofs
The private ftate, and make the life un,weet. Fairy Zjueen-,
Unswe/pt. adj. Not brufhed away ; not cleaned by fweeping.
What cuftom wills in all things, fnould we do’t,
The dull of antique time would lie tinfwept. Shakefp.
Unswo'rn. adj. Not bound by an oath.
You are not yet unfworn :
When you have vow’d, you muft not fpeak with men. Shak.
Unta'inted. adj.
I. Not fullied ; not polluted.
Sweet prince, th’ untainted virtue of your years
Hath not yet div’d into the world’s deceit. Shakefp
What ftronger breaft-plate than a heart untainted ? Shak.
Ireland’s untainted loyalty remain’d. Roj,'common.
Compare the ingenuous pliablenefs to virtuous couftfels in
youth* as it comes frefh and untainted, out of the hands of
nature, with the confirmed obftinacy in an aged finner. Souths
This untainted year is all your own ;
Your glories may, without our crimes, be fhown. Dryden.
The moft untainted credit of a witnefs will fcarce be able
to find belief. Locke.
Keep the air of the room untainted with fire, fmoke, of
Arbut.mot. the breaths of many people.
Not charged with any crime.
And yet within thefe five hours Haftings liv’d
Untainted, unexamin’d, free at libertyi Shakefpeare.
3* Not corrupted by mixture.
The confeious walls conceal the fatal fecret;
Th’ untainted winds refufe th’ infe&ing load. Smiths
Unta'ken. aclj.
I. Not taken.
Until this day remaineth the vail untaken away. 2 Cor. iii.
The Englifh fearched the rivers in fuch fort, as they left
few fhips unfpoiled or untaken. Harvard.
2q Z Difpofe
U N T U NT
iTifpofe already of th’ untaken (poll. Waller.
Otherwife the whole bufinels had mifcarrled, and Jerufalcm remain’d untaken. Dryden.
A thoufand fchernes the monarch’s mind employ 3
Elate in thought, he lacks untaken Troy. Pope,
•i. Untaken up. Not filled.
The narrow limits of this difeourfe, will leave no more
room untaken up hy heaven. Boyle.
XJntaTked of. adj. Not mentioned in the world.
Spread thy clofe curtain, love-performing night,
That the runaway’s eyes may wink, and Romeo
Leap to thefe arms, untalk'd of and unfeen. Shakefpeare.
No happinefs can be, where is no reft ;
Th’ unknown, untalk’d of man is only bleft. Dryden.
TJnta'meable. adj. Not to be tamed ; not to be fubdued.
Gold is fo untameable by the fire, that after many meltings
and violent heats, it does fcarce diminifh. Wilkins.
He is fwifter than any other bull, and untameable. Grew.
Unta'med. adj. Notfubdued; not fupprefled.
A people very ftubborn and untamed; or, if ever tamed,
yet lately have quite fhooken off their yoke, and broken
the bonds of their obedience. Spenfer’s Ireland.
What death has heav’n defign’d,
For fo untam'd, fo turbulent a mind ! Dryden.
Man alone adds more contrary to nature, than the wild and
moll untamed part of the creation. Locke.
To Untangle, v. a. To loofe from intricacy or convolu¬
tion.
O time, thou mull untangle this, not I3
It is too hard a knot for me t’untie. Shakefpeare.
This is that very Mab,
That cakes the elflocks, in foul, fiuttifh hairs,
Which, once untangl'd, much misfortune bodes. Shakefp'.
I’ll give thee up my bow and dart 3
Untangle but this cruel chain,
And freely let me fly again. Prior.
Unta/sted. adj. Not tailed 3 not tried by the palate.
The tall flag refolves to try
The combat next; but if the cry
Invades again his trembling ear,
He ftraight refumes his wonted care 3
Leaves the untajled fpring behind.
And, wing’d with fear, outflies the wind. Waller.
If he chance to find
A new repaid, or an untafted fpring,
Blefles his Ears, and thinks it luxury. Addifons Cato.
Unta'sting. adj.
1. Not perceiving any tafte.
Cydonian oil,
Whofe balmy juice glides o’er th’ urdajlir.g tongue. Smith.
2. Not trying by the palate.
Untaught, adj.
j. Uninftrudfed ; uneducated 3 ignorant; unlettered.
A lie is continually in the mouth of the untaught. Eccluf xx.
Taught, or untaught, the dunce is flill the fame 3
Yet ftill the wretched mafter bears the blame. Dryden.
On ev’ry thorn delightful wifdom grows,
In ev’ry ftream a fweet inftru&ion flows 3
But fome untaught o’erhear the whifp’ring rill.
In fpite of facred leifure, blockheads flill. Young.
2. Debarr’d from inflrudlion.
He, that from a child untaught, or a wild inhabitant of the
woods, will expedl principles of fciences, will find himfelf
miftaken. _ Locke.
3. Unfkilled 3 new ; not having ufe or pradlice.
Suffolk’s imperial tongue is flern and rough,
Us’d to command, untaught to plead for favour. Shakefpeare.
To Unte'ach. v. a. To make to quit, or forget what has
been inculcated.
That elder berries are poifon, as we are taught by tra¬
dition, experience will unteach us. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Their cuftoms are by nature wrought;
But we, by art, unteach what nature taught. Dryden.
UntEMPERF.d. adj. Not tempered.
One built up a wall, and others daubed it with untemgered
mortar. Ezek. xiii. 10.
Unte'mpted. adj.
1. Not embarrafled by temptation.
In temptation difpute not, but rely upon God, and con¬
tend not with him but in prayer, and with the help of a pru¬
dent untempted guide. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
2. Not invited by any thing alluring.
Untempted, or by wager or by price.
He would attempt to climb the precipice. Cotton on the Peak,
Untenable, adj.
1. Not to be held in poffeffion.
2. Not capable of defence.
lie produced a warrant, that the town being untenable,
he fliould retire. Clarendon, b. viii.
Cafaubon abandons a poll that was untenable, Dryden.
Untp/nanted, adj. Having no tenant.
The country feems to be full flock’d with cattle, no ground
bei ng untenanted. T°mplc.
Unte'nded. adj. Not having any attendance.
They fall, unbleft, untended, and unmourn’d. Thomfon.
Unte'nder. adj. Wanting foftnefs 5 wanting affedlion.
Goes thy heart with this ?—
—Aye, my lord
Shakefpeare.
— So young, and fo untender?—
— So young, my lord, and true.
UntE/ndered. adj. Not offered.
Caflibelan granted Rome a tribute,
Yearly three thoufand pounds 3 which by thee lately
Is left untender d. Shakefpeare's Cymbeline.
To Unte'nt. v. a. To bring out of a tent.
Will he not, upon our fair requeft,
Untent his perfon, and fhare the air with us ? Shakefpeare.
Unte'nted. adj. [from tent.] Having no medicaments applied.
Blafts and fogs upon thee !
Th’ untentecl woundings of a father’s curfe
Pierce every fence about thee ! Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
Ukte'rrified. adj. Not affrighted 5 not ftruck with fear.
Among innumerable falfe, unmov'd,
Unfnaken, unfeduc’d, unterrify d. Milton.
To fuccour the diftreft 3 to give help
To an afflidled mother.
Unbrib’d by love, unterrify'd by threats;
Thefe are exploits worthy Achilles’ fon. A. Philips,
Untha^ked. adj.
1. Not repaid with acknowledgment of a kindnefs.
If all the world
Should in a pet of temperance feed on pulfe.
Drink the clear ftream, and nothing wear but freeze,
Th’ all-giver wou’d be w/thank'd, wou’d be unprais’d. Milt.
Their batter’d admiral too foon withdrew.
Unthank'd by ours for his unfinifh’d fight. Dryden.
2. Not received with thankfulnels.
Forc’d from her prefence, and condemn’d to live :
Unwelcome freedom, and unthank’d reprieve. Dryden.
UnthaV’KFul. adj. Ungrateful 3 returning no acknowledg¬
ment for good received.
The calling away of things profitable for fuftenance, is an
unthankful abufe of the fruits. Hooker.
He is kind to the unthankful. Li ce vi. 35.
They which he created, were unthankful unto him which
prepared life for them. 2 Efdr. viii.
If you reckon that for evil, you are unthankful for the
bleffing. Taylor's Rule of Holy Living.
The bare fuppofal of one petty lofs, makes us unthankful
for all that’s left. L'EJlrange.
Untha/nkfully. adv. Without thanks 5 without gratitude.
I judged it requiffte to fay fomething, to prevent my being
thought to have unthankfuliy taken one of the chief paffages
of my difeourfe from a book, to which I was utterly a
ftranger. Boyle.
Untha'nkfulness. n. f. Negledt or omiflion of acknow¬
ledgement for good received 3 want of fenfe of benefits 3 in¬
gratitude.
Thou dieft in thine unthankfulnefs 3 and thine ignorance
makes thee away. Shakefpeare.
Immoderate favours breed firft unthankfulnefs, and afterwards
hate. Hayward.
The unthankful ftand reckoned among the moll enormous
finners, which evinces the virtue oppoiite to unthankfulnefs, to
bear the fame place in the rank of duties. South's Sermons.
Untha/wed. adj. Not diflolved after froft.
Your wine lock’d up,
Or fifh deny’d, the river yet unthaw'd. Pope.
To Unthi'nk. v. a. Torecal, or difrnifs a thought.
Unthink your fpeaking, and fay fo no more. Shakefp.
Unthinking, adj. Thoughtlefs 3 not given to reflection/
Grey-headed infant! and in vain grown old 3
Art thou to learn, that in another’s gold
Lie charms refiftlefs ! that all laugh to find
Unthinking plainnefs fo o’erfpread thy mind. Dryden.
An effectual remedy for the wandering of thoughts who¬
ever flrall propofe, would do great fervice to the ftudious, and
perhaps help unthinking men to become thinking. Locke.
T he unthinking part contract an unreafonable averfion to
that ecclefiaftical conftitution. Addifon.
With earneft eyes, and round unthinking face,
He firft the fiiufF-box open’d, then the cafe. Pope.
UnthoTny. adj. Not obflructed by prickles.
It were fome extenuation of the curfe, if in fudore vultus
tui were confinable unto corporal exercitations, and there ftill
remained a paradife, or unthorny place of knowledge. Brown.
Untho'ught 5/I adj. Not regarded 3 not heeded.
That fhall be the day, whene’er it lights,
This gallant Hotfpur, this all-praifed knight,
And your unthought of Harry chance to meet. Shakefpeare.
To
U N T U N
To Ukthre'ad. v. a. To loofe.
He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints,
And crumble all thy finews. Milton.
Unthrf/atened. adj. Not menaced.
Sir John Hotham was unrcproached, and unthreatened, by
any language of mine. K. Charles.
Unthri'ft. n.f An extravagant; a prodigal.
My rights and royalties
Pluckt from my arms perforce, and giv’n away
To upftart unthrifts. _ ° Shakefpeare.
The curious unthrift makes his cloaths too wide*
And fpares himfelf, but would his taylor chide. Herbert.
Yet nothing ftill; then poor and naked come ;
Thy father will receive his unthrift home,
And thy bieft Saviour’s blood difeharge the mighty Cum.Dryd.
Unthri’ft. adj. Profufe,; wafteful * prodigal; extravagant*
In fuch a night,
Did Jeflica fleal from the wealthy Jew,
And, with an unthrift love, did run from Venice. Shakefp.
UnthrT'ftily. adv. Without frugality.
Our attainments cannot be overlarge, and yet we manage
a narrow fortune very unthriftily. Collier.
Unthriftiness. n.J. Wafte; prodigality* profufion.
The third.fort are the poor by idlenels or unthriftinefs, as
riotous fpenders, vagabonds, loiterers. Hayward.
The more they have hitherto embezzled their parts, the
more fhould they endeavour to expiate that unthriftinefs, by a
more careful managery for the future. Govern, of the 'Tongue.
UnthrYfty. adj.
1. Prodigal; protufe ; lavifn ; wafteful.
The caftle I found of good ftrength, having a great mote
round about it; the work of a noble gentleman, of whole
unthrifty fon he had bought it. Sidney, b. ii.
Can no man tell me of my unthrifty fon ? Shakefpeare.
Our abfence makes us unthrifty to our knowledge. Shakefp.
2. Not eafily made to thrive or fatten. A low word.
Grains given to a hide-bound or unthrifty horfe, recover
him. Mortimer * Hufbandry.
Un thriving, adj. Not thriving ; not profpering ; not grow¬
ing rich.
Let all who thus unhappily employ their inventive faculty,
confider, how unthriving a trade it is finally like to prove,
that their falfe accufations of others will rebound in true ones
on themfelves. Government ofthe Tongue.
To Unthro'ne. v. a. To pull down from a throne.
Him to unthrone, we then
May hope, when everlafting fate fhall yield
To fickle chance, and chaos judge the ftrife. Milton.
To Unti e, v. a.
1. To unbind; to free from bonds.
Though you untie the winds, and let them fight
Againft the churches ; though the yefty waves
Confound and fwallow navigation up. Shakefp. Macbeth.
2. To looien from convolution or knot.
All that of myfelf is mine.
Lovely Amoret, is thine ;
Sacharifla’s captive fain
Would untie his iron chain ;
And thofe fcorching beams to fliun.
To thy gentle fhadow run. Waller.
The chain I’ll in return untie,
And freely thou again {halt fly. Prior.
The fury heard ; while on Cocytus’ brink,
Hcrfnakes untied, fulphureous waters drink. Pope.
3. To fet free from any obftrudtion.
All the evils of an untied tongue, we put upon the ac¬
counts of diunkennefs. Taylor.
' 4. To refolve ; to clear. '
They quicken floth, perplexities untie ;
Make roughnefs fmooth, and hardnefs mollifie. Denham,
A little more ftudy will folve thofe difficulties, untie the
knot, and make your doubts vanifh. Watts.
Unti'ed. adj.
1. Not bound ; not gathered in a knot.
Her hair
Unty’d, and ignorant of artful aid,
A-down her Ihoulders loofely lay difplay’d. Prior.
2. Not faftened by any binding, or knot.
Your hofe fhould be ungartered, your fhoe untied, and
every thing about you demonftrating a carelefs defolation. Shakefpeare.
Unti'l. adv.
1. To the time that.
Treafons are a&ed.
As foon as thought; though they arc never believ’d
Until they come to act. Denham.
2. To the place that.
In open profpeft nothing bounds our eye,
Until the earth feerm join’d unto the fky. Dryden.
Unti’l. prep. To. Ufed of time. The other ufe is obfolcte.
So foon as he from far defery’d
Thofe glift’ring arms, that heaven with light did fill,
He rous’d himfelffull blithe, and haften’d them until. Spenfer,
Unfilled. adj. Not cultivated.
The glebe untill’d, might plenteous crops have horn ;
Rich fruits and flow’rs, without the gard’ner’s pains,
Might ev’ry hill have crown’d, have honour’d all the plains.
Blachnore on the Creation.
Lands lain long untill'd, contract a four juice, which
caufes, the land to run to unprofitable trumpery. Mortimer.
The foil untill'd, a ready harveft yields ;
With wheat and barley wave the golden fields. Pope.
UntTmbered. adj. Not furnifiied with timber; weak.
Where’s then the faucy boat,
Whofe weak untimber’d fides but even now
Co-rival’d greatnefs ? of to harbour fled,
Or made a toaft for Neptune ? Shakefpeare.
TJntPmely. adj. Happening before the natural time.
Boundlefs intemp’rance hath been
Th 'untimely emptying of the happy throne. Shakefpeare.
Matrons and maids
With tears lament the knight’s untimely fate. Dryden.
Such were the notes thy once-lov’d poet fung,
’Till death untimely flopp’d his tuneful tongue.
Oh juft beheld and loft ! Pope;
Untimely, adv. Before the natural time.
He only fair, and what he fair hath made?
All other fair, like flowers untimely fade. Spenfer.
If ever he have child, abortive be it;
Prodigious and untimely brought to light. Shakefpeare.
Butchers, and villains !
How fweet a plant have you untimely cfopt ? Shakefpeare;
Call up our friends,
And let them know what we mean to do.
And what’s untimely done. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Why came I fo untimely forth
Into a world, which, wanting thee,
Cou’d entertain us with no worth ? Waller.
Unti'nged. adj.
1. Not ftained ; not difcoloured.
It appears what beams are untinged, and which paint the
primary, or fecondary iris. Boyle on Colours.
2. Not infeCfed.
Your inattention I cannot pardon ; Pope has the fame de¬
fied, neither is Bolingbroke untinged with it. Swift to Gay.
Unti'rable. adj. Indefatigable ; unwearied.
A moft incomparable man, breath’d as it were
To an untirable and continuate goodnefs. Shakefpeare.
UntPred. adj. Not made weary.
Hath he fo long held out with me untir’d,
And ftops he now for breath ? Shakefp. Rich. III.
See great Marcellus ! how untir’d in toils.
He moves with manly grace, how rich with regal fpoils ! Dry;
UntPtled. adj. [un and title.'] Having no title.
O nation miferable !
With an untitled tyrant, bloody fcepteT’d ;
When {halt thou fee thy wholefome days again ? Shakefp.
Unto. prep. [It was the old word for to ; now obfolete.j To.
O continue thy loving kindnefs unto them. Pf. xxxvi.
It was their hurt untruly to attribute fuch great power unto
falfe gods. Hooker.
She, by her wicked arts, and wily {kill,
Unawares me wrought unto her wicked will. Spenfer.
The ufe of the navel is to continue the infant unto the mo¬
ther, and by the veflels thereof convey its fuftentation. Brozvn.
Children permitted the freedom of both hands, often con¬
fine mto the left. Brown.
Me, when the cold Digentian ftream revives.
What does my friend believe I think or afk l
Let me yet lefs poflefs, fo I may live,
Whate’er of life remains unto myfelf. Temple.
Unto'ld. adj. /
1. Not related.
Better a thoufand fuch as I,
Their giief untold, Ihould pine and die?
Than her bright morning, overcaft
With fullcn clouds, fhould be defac’d. Waller.
2. Not revealed.
Characters where obfeene words are very indecent to be
heard : for that reafon, luch a tale fhall be left untold
by me. Dryden.
UntoYched. adj.
1. Not touched ; not reached.
Achilles, though dipt in Styx, yet having his heel untouched
by that water, was fiain in that part. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
Three men palled through a fiery furnace untouched,
unfinged. Stephens’s Sermons.
2. Not moved ; not affeded.
They, like perfons wholly untouched with his agonies, and
unmoved with his paflionate intreaties, lleep away all concern
for him or themfelves, Sidney.
3.Not
U N T U N T
'Hud:bras.
3. Not meddled with.
We muft purfire the fylvan lands ;
Th’ abode of nymphs, untouch'd by former hinds. Drydcn.
Several very antient trees grow upon the fpot, from whence
they conclude* that thefe particular trails muft have lain. un¬
touch'd for fome ages. llon'
Unto'ward. adj. , .
1. Froward; perverfe ; Vexatious ; not eafily guided, or taught.
Have to my window 5 and if (he be froward,
Then haft thou taught Hortenfto to be untoward, hhakcjp.
The ladies prove averfe.
And more untoward to be won*
Than by Caligula the moon.
The rabbins write, when any Jew
Did make to God or man a vow,
Which afterwards he found untoward,
Or ftubborn to be kept, or too hard ;
Any three other Jews o’th’nation.
Might free him from the obligation.
They were a crofs, odd, untoward people.
Some men have made a very untoward ufe
fuch as he never intended they fhould.
2. Aukward ; ungraceful.
Vaft is my” theme, yet unconceiv’d, and brings
Untoward words, fcarce loofen’d from the things.
Some clergymen hold down their heads within an
the cufhion ; which, befides the untoward manner,
Hudibras.
South.
of this, and
Woodward.
them from making the beft advantage of their voice.
Creech.
inch of
hinders
Swift.
Unto'wardIv. adj. Aukward; perverfe; froward.
They learn, from unbred or debauched fervants, untowardly
tricks and vices. Locke on Education.
Unto/wardly. adv. Aukwardly ; ungainly ; perverfely.
He that provides for this fhort life, but takes no care for
eternity, acts as untowardly and as crofsly to the reafon of
things, as can be. Tillotfon.
He explained them very untowardly. Tillotfon.
Untra'ceable. adj. Not to be traced.
The workings of providence are fecret and untraceable, by
which it difpofes of the lives of men. South 5 Sermons.
Untra'ced. adj. Not marked by any footfteps.
Nor wonder, if advantag’d in my flight.
By taking wing from thy aufpicious height.
Through untrac'd ways, and airy paths I fly.
More boundlcfs in my fancy than my eye. Denham.
Untra'ctable. adj. [intraitable, Fr. intraftqbilis, Lat.]
1. Not yielding to common meafures and management; not
governable; ftubborn.
The French, fuppofing that they had advantage over the
Englifh, began to be ftiff, and almoft untrattable, fharply
prefling for fpeedy refolutions and fhort meetings. Hayward.
If any father have a foil thus perverfe and untraftable, I
know not what more he can do but pray for him. Locke.
Ulcers untrafiable in the legs, with a gangrenous appear¬
ance in the fkin. Arbuthnot on Diet.
2. Rough; difficult.
1 forc’d to ride th’ untrallable abyfs. Milton.
XJntra'ctableness. n.f. Unwillingnefs, or unfitnefs to be
regulated or managed ; ftubbornnefs.
The great difference in mens intellectuals arifes from a
defedt in the organs of the body, particularly adapted to
think ; or in the dulnefs or untrafiablenefs of thofe faculties,
for want of ufe. Locke.
Untra'ding. adj. Not engaged in commerce.
Men leave eftates to their children in land, as not fo liable
to cafualties as money, in untrading and unfkilful hands. Locke.
Untrained, adj.
I. Not educated ; notinftruited ; not difeiplined.
My wit untrain d in any kind of art. Shakefpeare.
The king’s forces charged lively, and they again as ftoutly
received the charge ; but being an untrained multitude, with¬
out any foldier or guide, they were loon put to flight. Hayw.
Life,
To noble and ignoble, is more fw.eet
Untrain'd in arms, where rafhnefs leads not on. Milton.
No expert general will bring a company of raw, untrained
men into the field ; but will, by little bloodlefs fkirmifhes,
inftruit them in the manner of the fight. Decay of Piety.
1. Irregular ; ungovernable.
Gad not abroad at ev’ryqueft and call
Of an untrained hope or paflion :
To court each place of fortune that doth fall.
Is wantonr.cfs in contemplation. Herbert.
Untr ansfe'rrable. adj. Incapable of being given from one
to another.
In parliament there is a rare co-ordination of power,
though the fovereignty remain ftill entire and untransferable,
in the prince. Howel’s Pre-eminence of Parliament.
Untranspa'rent. adj. Not diaphanous ; opaque.
Though held againft the light they appear’d of atranfparent
yellow, yet looked on with one’s back turn’d to the light,
they exhibited an untranfparent blue. Boyle on Colours.
IJntra'VeileJ). adj.
1. Never trodden by paffengers.
We find no open track, or conftant manuduction in this
labyrinth, but are oft times fain to wander in America, and
untravelled parts. Brown's Pref. to Vulgar Errours.
Long untravell'd heaths. Thomfon.
2. Having never feen foreign countries.
An untravelled Englifhman cannot relilh all the beauties of
Italian pictures; becaufe the poftures exprefled rn them are
often fuch as are peculiar to that country. Addifon.
To Untre'ad. v. a. To tread back ; to go back in the fame
fteps.
We will untread the fteps of damned flight.
And, like a bated and retired flood.
Leaving our ranknefs and irregular courfe,
Stoop low within thofe bounds we have o’erlook’d. Shakefp.
Untre'asured. adj. Not laid up; notrepoiited.
Her attendants
Saw her a-bed, and in the morning early
They found the bed untreafurd of their miftrefs. Shakefp.
Untre’atable. adj. Nottreatable ; not practicable.
Men are of fo untreatable a temper, that nothing can be
obtained of them. Decay of Piety.
Untri'ed. adj.
1. Not yet attempted.
It behoves.
From hard eflays, and ill fuccefles paft,
A faithful leader, not to hazard all
Through ways of danger, by himfelf untry d. Milton»
That (he no ways nor means may leave untry d.
Thus to her lifter fhe herfelf apply’d. Denham,
2. Not yet experienced.
Never more
Mean I to try, what ralh untry d I fought.
The pain of abfence from thy fight. Milton's Par. Lojl.
The happieft of mankind overlooking thofe folid bleffings
which they already have, fet their hearts upon fomewhat which
they want; fome untry'd pleafure, which, if they could but
tafte, they fhould then be compleatly bleft. Atterbury.
Self-prefervation, the long acquaintance of foul and body,
the untry d condition of a feparation, are fufficient reafons not
to turn our backs upon life, out of an humour. Collier.
Eternity ! thou pleafing, dreadful thought!
Through what variety of untry'd being.
Through what new feenes and changes muft we pafs ? Addif.
3. Not having palled trial.
The father fecure.
Ventures his filial virtue, though untry'd.
Againft whate’er may tempt. Milton's Par. Regain'd:
Untriu'mphable. adj. Which allows no triumph.
What towns, what garrifons might you.
With hazard of this blood fubdue ;
Which now y’are bent to throw away
In vain, untriumphable fray ? Hudibras.
Untro'dden \a<%’ Not pafl*ed; not marked by the foot.
The way he came, not having mark’d, return
Was difficult, by human fteps unirod. Paradife Regain'd.
Now while the heav’n by the fun’s team untrody
Hath took no print of the approaching light.
And all the fpangled hoft keep watch. Milton.
A garland made of fuch new bays.
And lought in fuch untrodden ways.
As no man’s temples e’er did crown. Waller.
Who was the firft to explore th’ untrodden path.
When life was hazarded in ev’ry ftep ? Addifon's Cato.
UntroTled. adj. Not bowled ; not rolled along.
Hard fate I untroll'd is now the charming dye ;
The playhoufe and the parks unvifited muft lie.
Untro'ubled. adj.
1. Not difturbed by care, forrow, or guilt.
Quiet untroubled foul, awake ! awake !
Arm, fight and conquer, for fair England’s fake.
2. Not agitated ; not confided.
Our Saviour meek, and with untroubled mind.
After his airy jaunt, though hurry’d fore.
Hungry and cold, betook him to his reft.
3. Not interrupted in the natural courfe.
Would they think with how fmall allowance
Untroubled nature doth herfelf luffice,
Such fuperfluities they would defpife. Fairy Qiiecn.
4. Tranfparent; clear.
The equal diftributionof the fpiritsin the liquor with the tan¬
gible parts, ever reprelenteth bodies clear and untroubled. Bacon.
Untru'e. ad-j.
I. Falfe ; contrary to reality.
By what continuation (hall any man make thofe comparifons true, holding that diftinition untrue. Hooker.
That a veiled filled with allies, will receive the like quan¬
tity ofwater, that it would have done if it had been empty, is
utterly untrue., for the water will not go in by a fifth part. Bacon.
2. Falle ;
Dryden.
Shakefp.
AJilton.
6
UNT U N V
2. Falfe ; not faithful.
I cannot break fo fweet a bond,
Unlefs I prove unt> ue ;
Nor can 1 ever be fo fond,
To prove untrue for you. Sucklings
Flora commands thole nymphs and knights,
Who liv’d in flothful eafe, and loofe delights :
Who never a£ts of honour durft purfue,
The men inglorious knights, the ladies all untrue. Dryden.
Untru'ly. adv. Falfely; not according to truth.
It was their hurt untruly to attribute fo great power unto
falfe gods. Hooker, b. v.
On thefe mountains it is generally received that the ark
refted, but untruly. Raleigh's Hi//, of the World.
UntRU/stlness. n. f. Unfaithfulnefs.
Secretary Peter, under pretence of gravity, covered much
untrujiinefs of heart. Hayward\
Untru'th. n.f
1. Falfehood ; contrariety to reality.
2. Moral falfehood ; not veracity.
He who is perfect, and abhors untruth,
With heavenly influence infpires my youth* Sandys.
3. Treachery ; want of fidelity.
I would.
So my untruth had not provok’d him to it,
The king had cut off my head with my brother’s. Shakefp.
4 Falfe afiertion.
In matter of fpeculation or practice, no untruth can poffibly
avail the patron and defender long; and things molt truly,
are likewife molt behovefully fpoken. Hooker, b. iii.
There is little hope for common juftice in this difpute,
from a man, who lays the foundations of his reafonings in fo
notorious an untruth. Atterbury.
Untenable, adj. Unharmonious; not mufical.
My news in dumb filence will I bury,
For they are harfh, untunable, and bad. Shakefpeare.
A luteflring, merely unequal in its parts, giveth a harfh
and untunable found ; which firings we call falfe. Bacon.
His harfh untunable pipe is no more fit than a raven’s, to
join with the muhek of a choir. Tatler, N° 54.
To Unti/ne. v. a.
1. To make incapable of harmony.
Take but degree away, untune that firing,
And hark what difeord follows. Shakefpeare.
When the lafl and dreadful hour.
This crumbling pageant fhall devour.
The trumpet fhall be heard on high.
The dead fhall live, the living die.
And mufick fhall untune the Iky. Dryden.
The captives, as their tyrant fhall require.
Thatthey fnould breathe the fong, and touch the lyre.
Shall fay ; can Jacob’s fervile race rejoice.
Untun'd the muftek, and difus’d the voice ? Prior.
2. To diforder.
O you kind gods !
Cure this great breach'in his abufed nature;
Th’ untuned and jarring fenfes, O wind up
Of this child-changed father. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Untu'rned. adj. Not turned.
New crimes invented, left unturn'd no flone,
To make my guilt appear, and hide his own Dryden.
So eager hath the inquifitive part of mankind been to bring
this matter to a fair iflue, that no flone hath been left unturned,
no way, whereby thefe things could have been brought forth
of the fea, but one or other hath pitch’d upon. Woodward.
Untu'tored. adj. Uninflrudfed; untaught.
Thy mother took into her blameful bed
Some flern untutor'd churl; and noble flock
Was graft with crab-tree flip, whofe fruit thou art. Shakefp.
Thy even thoughts with fo much plainnefs flow.
Their fenfe untutor'd infancy may know :
Yet to fuch height is all that plainnefs wrought,
Wit may admire, and letter’d pride be taught. Prior.
ToUntwi'ne v. a.
1, To open what is held together by convolution.
But fince the lifters did fo foon untwine
So fair a thread, I’ll Arrive to piece the line. Waller.
2. To open what is wrapped on itfelf.
It turns finely and foftly three or four turns, caufed by the
untwining of the beard by the moiflure. Bacon.
•2. To feparate that which clafps round any thing.
Divers worthy gentlemen of England, all the Syren
fongs of Italy could never untwine from the maft of God’s
word. # Ajcham.
To Untwi'st. v. a. To feparate any things involved in each
other, or wrapped up on themfelves.
UntwiJ/ing his deceitful clew.
He ’gan to weave a web of wicked guile. Fairy Sjueen.
The interefl of prince and people is fo enfolded in a mu¬
tual embrace, that they cannot be untwijied without pulling a
limb off, Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
Untwijling all the chains that tie
The hidden foul of harmony. Milton,
No, I’ll untwifi you ;
I have occafion for your flay on earth. Dryden,
Tarred hempen ropes cut fmall and untwijied, are bene¬
ficial for lands. Mortimer's Hujbcmdry.
Untivijl a wire, and from her gums
A fet of teeth completely comes. Swift.
To Unty'. v.a. [See Untie.J To loofe. .
O time ! thou muft untangle this, not I :
It is too hard a knot tor me t’ unty. Shakefpearei
To Unva'il. v.a. To uncover; to ftrip of a veil. This
word is unvail, or unveil, according to its etymology. See
Vail, and Veil.
Troy reviv’d, her mourning face ilnvail’d. Denham.
Now unveil'd, the toilet flands difplay’d.
Each iilver vafe in myftick order laid. Pope.
UnvaRuable. adj. Ineftimable ; being above price.
Secure the innocence of children, by imparting to them the
unvaluable blefling of a virtuous and pious education. Atterb.
Unvalued, adj.
1. Not prized ; negledled.
He may not, as unvalued perfons do,
Carve for himfelt; for on his choice depends
The fafety and the health of the whole flate. Shakefp.
2. Ineftimable ; above price.
I thought I faw a thoufand fearful wrecks;
Ineftimable ftones, un ah'd jewels. Shakefpeare.
Unva'nquished. Not conquered,; not overcome.
Shall I for lucre of the reft unvanquijh'd,
Detradl fo much from that prerogative.
As to be called but viceroy of the whole ? Shakefpeare*
Vidtory doth more often fall by error of the unvanquifoed,
than by the valour of the victorious. Hayward.
They rife unvanquijh'd. Milton s Par. Lofi, b. vi.
UnvaRiable. adj. [invariable, Fr.] Not changeable ; not mut¬
able.
The two great hinges of morality Hand fixt and unvariable
as the two poles : whatever is naturally conducive to the Com¬
mon intereft, is good ; and whatever has a contrary influence,
is evil. Norris.
Unvaried, adj. Not changed ; not diverflfied.
If authors cannot be prevailed with to keep clofe to truth
and inftruction, by unvaried terms, and plain, unfophifticated
arguments ; yet it concerns readers not to be impofed on. Locke,
They ring round the fame unvaried chimes.
With fure returns of ftill-expected rhymes. Pope•
Unvarnished, adj*
1. Not overlaid with varnifh.
2. Not adorned ; not decorated.
I will a round, unvarnijh'd tale deliver.
Of my whole courfe of love ; what drugs, what charms
I won his daughter with. Shakefp. Othello.
UnvaRying. adj. Not liable to change.
We cannot keep by us any Handing, unvarying meafure of
duration, which conflfts in a conftant fleeting fucceflion, as
we can of certain lengths of extenfion, as inches marked out
in permanent parcels of matter. Locke.
To Unve'il. v a. [See Veil and Vail ]
1. To uncover; to dived of a veil.
The moon,
Apparent queen, unveil'd her peerlefs light. Milton.
To the limpid ftream diredl thy way.
When the gay morn unveils her fmiling ray. Pope.
2. To difclofe ; to fhow.
The providence, that’s in a watchful ftate,
Knows almoll every grain of Pluto’s gold ;
Does ev’n our thoughts unveil in their dumb cradles. Shak.
Unve'Tledly. adv. Plainly; without difguife.
Not knowing what ufe you will make of what has been
unveiledly communicated to you, I was unwilling that fome
things, which had coft me pains, flhould fall into any man’s
hands, that fcorns to purchafe knowledge with pains. Boyle.
Unve'ntilated. adj. Not fanned by the wind.
This animals, to fuccour life, demand ;
Nor fhould the air unventilated {land ;
The idle deep corrupted would contain
Blue deaths. Blackmore’s Creation.
UnveRitable. adj. Not true.
All thefe proceeded upon unvcritable grounds. Brown.
UnveR$ED. adj. Unacquainted; unfkilled.
Not eailern monarchs, on their nuptial day.
In dazzling gold and purple fhine fo gay,
As the bright natives of th’ unlabour’d field.
Unvers'd in fpinning, and in looms unfkill’d. Blackmore.
Unve'xkd. adj. Untroubled ; undifturbed.
With a bleft and unvext retire,
With unhack’d fvvords, and helmets all unbruis’d.
We will bear home that lufty blood again- Shakefpeare.
Unvex'd with thought of wants which may betide ;
Or for to morrow’s dinner to provide. Dryden's Juvenal,
30 A TJx-
UNU U N W
Nvr OLated. adj. Not injured ; not broken.
Herein you war againft your reputation.
And draw within the compafs of fufpedt
Th’ unviolated honour of your wife. Shakefpeare.
He, with lingular conftancy, preferved his duty and fidelity
to his majefty unviolated. Carendon.
This ftrength diffus’d
No lefs through all my finews, joints, and bones.
Than thine, while I preferv’d thefe locks unihorn,
The pledge of my unviolated vow. Milton.
XJn viRtuous. adj. Wanting virtue.
If they can find in their hearts that the poor, unvirtuous, fat
knight fhall be any further afflicted, we two will be the
minifters. Shakefp. Merry Wives of Windjor.
unvFsited. adj. Not reforted to.
In fome wild zone
Dwell, not unvifted of heav’n’s fair light.
Secure. Milton's Par. Loft, h. ii.
The playhoufe and the park unvifted mull lie. Drydcn.
Unu'niform. adj. Wanting uniformity.
Such an ununifonn piety is in many fo exactly apportioned
to Satan’s intereft, that he has no caufe to wilh the change
of his tenure. Decay of Piety.
Unvo'yageaele. adj. Not to be palfed over or voy aged.
Not this unvoyageable gulph obfeure.
Detain from following thy illuftrious track. Milton.
Uni/rged. adj. Not incited; not prefled.
I he time was once, when thou unurg’d would’fl vow.
That never words were mufick to thine ear,
Unlefs I fpake. Shakefp. Comedy of Errours.
Uni/sed. adj.
1. Not put to ufe ; unemployed.
She, whofe hufband about that time died, forgetting the
abfent Plangus, or, at leaft, not hoping of him to attain fo
afpiring a purpofe, left no art unufed, which might keep
the line from breaking, whereat the fifli was already
taken. Sidney.
Sure he that made us with fuch large difeourfe,
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capability and godlike reafon.
To ruft in us unus’d. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
2. Not accuftomed.
He, unujed to fuch entertainment, did fhortly and plainly
anfwer what he was. Sidney, b. ii.
One; whofe eyes,
Albeit unufed to the melting mood,
Dropt tears as faft as the Arabian trees
Their medicinal gum. Shakefp. Othello.
What art thou ?
Not from above : no, thy wan looks betray
Diminifh’d light, and eyes unus’d to day. Dryden.
Uni/seful. adj. Ufelefs; ferving no purpofe.
I was perfuaded, by experience, that it might not be un~
ufeful in the capacities it was intended for. Glanville.
Birds flutter with their wings, when there is but a little
down upon them, and they are as yet utterly unufefal for
flying. More's Antidote againft Atheijm.
As when the building gains a furer flay.
We take th’ unufeful fcaffolding away. Dryden.
Pleas’d to find his age
Declining, not unujeful to his lord. Philips.
Um/sual. adj. Not common ; not frequent; rare.
With this unufual and ftrange courfe they went on, till
God, in whofe heavieft worldly judgments I nothing, doubt
but that there may lie hidden mercy, gave them over to their
own inventions. Hooker.
You gain your point, if your induftrious art
Can make unufual words eafy and plain. Rofcommon.
A fprightly red vermilions all her face;
And her eyes languifh with unufital grace. Granville.
That peculiar turn, that the words fhould appear new, yet
not unufual, but very proper to his auditors. Felton.
The river flows redundant, and attacks
The ling’ring remnant with unufual tide. Philips.
tJNtr*suALNESs. n.f. Uncommonnefs ; infrequency.
It is the unujualnefs of the time, not the appearance, that
furprizes Alcinous. Broome.
Un i/tterable. adj. Ineffable ; inexpreflible.
Sighs now breath’d
Unutterable; which the fpirit of pray’r
Infpir’d, and wing’d for heav’n with fpeedier flight
I han loudeft oratory. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. xi.
It wounds my foul
'l o think of your un utterable forrows,
When you fhall find Hippolitus was guiltlefs. Smith.
Unvu'lnerable. adj. Exempt from wound; not vulner¬
able.
The god of foldiers inform
Thy thoughts with noblenefs, that thou may’ft prove
To {flame unvulnerable, and flick i’ th’ wars
Like a great lea mark, {Landing every flaw. Shakefpeare.
TnwaRened. adj. Not roufed from fleep.
The more
His wonder was, to find unwaken’d Eve
With trefles decompos'd. Milton’s P. Loft, b. y,
Unwa'lled. adj. Having no walls.
He came to 1 auris, a great and rich city, but unwatled\
and of no ftrength. Knolles’s Hift. of the Turks.
Unwa res adv. Unexpedledly; before any caution, or ex¬
pedition.
She, bv her wicked arts,
Too falfe and ftrong for earthly {kill or might,
Umvares me wrought unto her wicked will. Fairy fthteem
His loving mother came upon a day
Unto the woods, to fee her little fon.
And chanc’d unwares to meet him in the way,
After his fports and cruel paftime done. Fairfax b. i.
Still we fail, while profperous blows the wind
Till on fome fecret rock unwares we light. Fairfax.
UnwaRily. adv. Without caution ; carelefsly.
The beft part of my powers
Were in the waffles all unwarily
Devour’d by the unexpended flood. Sbakrfpearfi
If I had not unwarily engaged myfelf for the prelent
publilfling it, I fhould have kept it till I had look’d
overit- . . Digby.
By fuch principles, they renounce their legal claim to li¬
berty and property, and unwarily ftibmit to what they really
abhor. Freeholder, N° io.
Unwariness, n.f [from unwary.] Want of caution; careleflnefs.
The fame temper which inclines us to a defire of fame,
naturally betrays us into fuch flips and unwanneffes, as are not
^ incident to men of a contrary difpofition. Spectator, N° 256.
UnwaRlike. adj. Not fit for war; not ufed to war ; not mi¬
litary.
He fafely might old troops to battle lead,
Againft th’ unwarlike Perfian, and the Mede ;
Whofe hafty flight did from a bloodlefs field.
More fpoils than honour to the vidtor yield. Waller.
Avert unwarlike Indians from his Rome,
Triumph abroad, fecure our peace at home. Dryden.
UnwaRned. adj. Not cautioned ; not made wa^.
Unexperienced, young men, if unwarn’d, take one thin<r
for another, and judge by the outfide. Locke.
May hypocrites,
That flyly fpeak one thing, another think.
Drink on unwarn’d, till by inchanting cups
Infatuate, they their wily thoughts difclofe. Philips.
Unwa rrantable. adj. Not defenfible ; not to be juftified •
not allowed. J
At very diftant removes an extemporary iniercourfe is feafible, and may be compalled without unwarrantable correfpondence with the people of the air. Glanville.
He who does an unwarrantable aeftion through a falfe infor¬
mation, which he ought not to have believed, cannot in rea¬
fon make the guilt of one fin the excufe of another. South
Unwarrantably, adv. Notjuftifiably ; not defenfibly.
A true and humble fenfe of your own unworthinefs, will
not fuffer you to rife up to that confidence, which fome
men unwarrantably pretend to, nay, unwarrantably require
of others. . JfZate’s Preparationfor Death.
Unwarranted, adj. Not afeertained ; uncertain.
The fubjedts of this kingdom believe it is not legal for
them to be enforced to go beyond the feas, without their
own confent, upon hope of an unwarranted conqueft; but
to refift an invading enemy, the fubjedt muft be commanded
out of the counties where they inhabit. Bacon.
UnwaRy. adj.
1. Wanting caution; imprudent; hafty; precipitate.
Nor think me fo unwary,
To bring my feet again into the fnare
Where once I have been caught. Miltons Agoniftes.
So fpake the falfe archangel, and infus’d
Bad influence into th’ unwary breaft. Milton.
So talk’d the fpirited fly fnake ; and Eve,
Yet more amaz’d, unwary thus reply’d. Milton.
Turning fliort, he ftruck with all his might
Full on the helmet of th’ unwary knight:
Deep was the wound. Dryden.
Propofitions about religion are inhnuated into the unwary,
as well as unbi ailed underftandings of children, and riveted
there by long cuftom. Locke.
2. Unexpedfed. Obfolete.
All in the open hall amazed flood.
At fuddennels of that unwary light.
And wonder’d at his breathlels baity mood. Fairy ftftueen.
Unwa'shen." i adi’ Not wafllcd * not cleanfed by waffling.
Another lean unwaft)’el artificer
Cuts oft’his tale, and talks of Arthur’s death. Shakefp:
To cat with wrwaftun hands defileth not a man. Matth. xv.
2 He
U-N W
tic accepts of no unclean, no unwafhed faorifice ; and if re¬
pentance ufher notin, prayer will never find admittance. Duppa.
When the fleece is lhorn, if fweat remains
Unwaflfd, it foaks into their empty veins. Dryden.
Unwanted, adj. Notconfumed; not diminiflied.
Why have thole rocks fo long unwafted flood,
Since, lavifh of their flock, they through the flood
Have, ages part, their melting cryftal Ipread,
And with their fpoils the liquid regions fed ? Blackmore.
Unwasting, adj. Not growing lefs"; not decaying.
Pureft love’s unwafting treafuie ;
Conftant faith, fair hope, long leifure ;
Sacred Hymen ! thefe are thine. Popt.
Unwa'yed. adj. Not ul'ed to travel; not feafoned in the road.
Beafts,t hat have been rid off their legs, are as much for a
man’s ufe, as colts that are unwayed, and will not goat all. SuckI.
Unwe/akened. adj. Not weakened.
By reafon of the exftnSlion of fome air out of the glafs,
the elaftical power of the remaining air was very much debi¬
litated, in comparifon of the unweakened preflure of the ex¬
ternal air. Boyle.
Unwe/aponed. adj. Not furniflied with oftenfive arms.
As the hearts are armed with fierce teeth, paws, horns,
and other bodily inftruments of much advantage againft unweapened men ; fo hath reafon taught man to flrenothen his
hand with fuch offenfive arms, as no creature elfe can well
avoid. Raleigh.
Unwe'ariable. adj. Not to be tired.
Defire to refemble him in goodnefs, maketh them un¬
wearlable. Hookery b. i.
Unwe'aried. adj.
1. Nottired; not fatigued.
The Creator from his work
Defifting, though unweariedy up return’d. Milton.
Their bloody tafk unweary dy ftill they ply. Waller.
Still th’ unweary d fire purfues the tuneful ilrain. Dryden.
2. Indefatigable; continual; not to be fpent; not finking under
fatigue.
Joy’d to range abroad in frefh attire.
Through the wide compafs of the airy coart.
And with unwearied limbs each part t’ enquire. Spenfer.
Godlike his unweary d bounty flows ;
Firft loves to do, then loves the good he does. Denham.
A winged virtue through th’ etherial fky,
From orb to orb, unweary d doft thou fly. Tickell.
An unwearied devotion in the fervice of God, recommend¬
ed the gofpel to the world. Rogers's Sermons.
The righteous (hall certainly be faved, but then the chriflian
character of a righteous man implies a conftant, unwearied
perfeverance in many painful inftances of duty. Rogers.
To Unwe'ary. v. a. To refrefh after wearinefs.
It umuearies, and refrefhes more than anything, after too
great labour. Temple.
Unwed, adj. Unmarried.
This fervitude makes you to keep unwed. Shakefp.
Unwe'dgeable. adj. Not to be cloven.
Merciful heav’n !
Thou rather with thy {harp and fulph’rous bolt
Spiit’fl the unwedgeable and gnarled oak.
Than the foft myrtle. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meafure.
Unwee'ded. adj. Not cleared from weeds.
Fie ! ’tis an uoweeded garden,
That grows to feed ; things rank, and grofs in nature,
Poflefs it merely. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Unwee'ped. adj. Not lamented. Now unwept.
He muft not float upon his watry bier
Unweepty and welter to the parching wind.
Without the meed of fome melodious tear. Milton.
Unwee'ting. adj. Ignorant; unknowing.
Her feeming dead he found with feigned fear,
As all unweeting of that well (he knew;
And pained himfelf with bufy care to rear
Her out of carelefs fwoon. Fairy Queen, b. i.
But contrary, unweeting he fulfilled
The purpos’d counfel, pre-ordain’d and fix’d
Of the moft high. Paradife Regain'd.
Unwe'iched. adj.
1. Not examined by the balance.
Solomon left all the vellels umveighed, becaufe they were
exceeding many. i Kings vii.
2. Not conlidered ; negligent.
What umveighed behaviour hath this Flemifh drunkard pickt
out of my converfation, that he dares in this manner eflay
me ? why he hath not been thrice in my company. Shakefp.
Daughter, what words have pafs’d thy lips unweigh’d,
Deem not unjuftly by my doom opprert,
Of human race the wifert, and the befl. Pope's Odyjfcy.
Unwf/'ighing. adj. Inconfiderate; thoughtlefs.
Wife ? why, no queftion but he was—a very fuperficial,
ignorant, unweighing fellow. Shakefpeare.
Unwf/lcome. adj. Not pleafmg; not grateful; not well re¬
ceived.
t) N W
Such welcome and unwelcome things at once,
'Tis hard to reconcile. Shakefp. Alacbeth.
Soon as th’ unwelcome news
From earth arriv’d at heaven-gate, difpleas’d
All were who heard. Milton's Par. Lof, b. x.
Though he that brings umvelcome news
Has but a lofing office, yet he that {hews
Your danger firrt, and then your way to fafety,
May heal that wound he made. Denham's Sophy.
Forc’d from her prefence, and condemn’d to live ;
Unwelcome freedom, and unthank’d reprieve. Dryden.
From the very firft inftances of perception, fome things
are grateful, and others unwelcome to them ; fome things that
they incline to, and others that they fly. Locke.
Such hafty nights as thefe, would give very unvjelccme inter¬
ruptions to our labours. Bentley's Sermons.
UnweTt. adj. Not lamented ; not bemoaned.
Our fatherlefs diflrefs was left unmoan’d ;
Your widow dolours likewife be unwept. Shakefp. Rich. III.
We, but the flaves that mount you to the throne :
A bafe, ignoble crowd, without a name;
Univcpt, unworthy of the fun’ral flame ;
By duty bound to forfeit each his life. Dryden.
Unwe/t. adj. Not moift.
Once I meant to meet
My fate with face unmov’d, and eyes uriwet;
Yet fince I have thee here in narrow room,
My tears fliall fet thee firft afloat within thy tomb. Dryden . Unwhi'pt. adj. Not punifhed ; not corredfed with the rod.
Tremble, thou wretch,
That haft within thee undivulged crimes,
Unwhipt of juftice. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Once I caught him in a lie ;
And then, unwhipt, he had the grace to cry. Pope.
Unwholesome, adj.
1. Infalubrious ; rnifehievous to health.
'The difeovery of the difpofition of the air, is good for the
prognofticks of wholefome and unwholefome years. Bacon.
There I a prifoner chain’d, fcarce freely draw
The air imprifon’d alfo, clofe and damp,
Unwhoefome draught ; but here I find amends.
The breath of heav’n frefh-blowing, pure and fweet,
With day-fpring born ; here leave me to refpire. ATilton.
How can anyone be aflured, that his meat and drink are
not poifoned, and made unwholefome before they are brought to
him ? South.
Rome is never fuller of nobility than in fummer ; for the
country towns are fo infefted with unwholefome vapours, that
they dare not truft themfelves in them, while the heats
laft. Addifn on Italy.
Children born healthy, often contract difea’es from an
unwholefome nurfe. A buthnot on Diet.
2. Corrupt ; tainted.
Well ufe this unwholefome humidity; this grofs, watry
pumpion : we’ll teach him to know turtles from jays. Shakefp.
Unwi'eldilv. adv. Heavily; with difficult motion.
Unwieldily they wallow firft in ooze ;
Then in the fhady coverr feek repofe. Dryden.
Unwi'eldiness. n.J. Heavinefs ; difficulty to move, or be
moved.
To what a cumberfome unwieldinefs.
And burdenous corpulence my love had grown.
But that I made it feed upon
That which love worft endures, diferetion. Donne.
The fuppofed unwieldinefs of its mafly bulk, grounded upon
our experience of the inaptitude of great and heavy bodies to
motion, is a mere impofture of our fenfes. Glanville.
UnwFeldy. adj. Unmanageable ; not eafily moving or
moved ; bulky ; weighty ; ponderous.
An ague, meeting many humours in a fat, umvieldy body
of fifty-eight years old, in four or five fits, carried him out
of the world. Clarendon.
Part, huge of bulk !
Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait,
Tempeft the ocean. Milton's Par. Lof, vii.
Unwieldy fums of wealth, which higher mount,
Than files of marflial’d figures can account. Dryden.
Nothing here th’ unwieldy rock avails,
Rebounding harmlefs from the plaited feales.
That, firmly join’d, preferv’d him from a wound,
With native armour crufted all around. Addifon's Ovid.
What carriage can bear away all the rude and unwieldy lop¬
pings of a branchy tree at once ? Watts's Impr. ofthe Mind.
Unwi'lling. adj. Loath; not contented ; not inclined ; not
complying by inclination.
The nature of man is unwilling to continue doing that
wherein it fliall always condemn itfelf. Hooker, b. v.
If thou doft find him tra«flable.
Encourage him, and tell him all our reafons.
If he be leaden, icy, cold, unwilling.
Be thou £o too. Shakefpeare's Rich. III.
If
U N W U N w
If the fun rife unwilling to his face,
Clouds on his brows, and fpots upon his face,
Sufpedl a drizzling day. Dryden.
Heav’n’s unchang’d decrees attentive hear;
More pow’rtul gods have torn thee from my fide,
Unwilling to reiign, and doom’d a bride. Dryden.
Unwi'i.lingly. adv. Not with good-will; not without loathncfs.
The whining fchool-boy, with his fatchel,
And ftiining morning face, creeping like fnaii
Unwillingly to fchool. Shakefp. As You Like It.
A feaft the people hold to Dagon, and forbid
Laborious works, unwillingly this reft
Their fuperftition yields. Milton’s Agonijles.
Still difmay’d
By feas or Ikies, unwillingly they flay'd* Denham.
Thefe men were once the prince’s foes, and then
Unwillingly they made him great: but now.
Being his friends, fhall willingly undo him. Denham.
The dire contagion fpreads fo faft,
That where it feizes, all relief is vain ;
And therefore muft unwillingly lay wafte
That country, which would elfe the foe maintain. Dryden.
Unwillingness, n.f. Loathnefs; difinclination.
Obedience, with profeffed unwillingnefs to obey, is no bet¬
ter than manifeft difobedience. Hooker, b. v.
What moved the man to yield to her perfuafions ? Even
the fame caufe that hath moved all men fince, an unwil¬
lingnefs to grieve her, and make her fad, left fire fhould pine,
and be overcome with forrow. Raleigh’s Hijl. ofthe World.
I fee with what unwillingnefs
You lay upon me this command, and through your fears
Difcern your love, and therefore muft obey you. Denham.
There is in moft people a reluctance and unwillingnefs to
be forgotten. We obferve, even among the vulgar, how
fond they are to have an infeription over their grave. Swift.
To Unwind, v. a. pret. and part, paffive unwound.
1. To feparate any thing convolved ; to untwift ; to untwine.
All his fubjeds having by fome years learned, fo to hope
for good and fear harm, only from her, that it fhould
have needed a ftronger virtue than his, to have unwound fo
deeply an entered vice. Sidney, b. ii.
Empirick politicians ufe deceit:
You boldly fhew that fkill which they pretend.
And work by means as noble as your end ;
Which fhould you veil, we might unwind the clue,
As men do nature, till we came to you. Dryden.
2. To difentangle ; to loofe from entanglement.
Defiring to ferve God as they ought; but being not fo
fkillful as in every point to unwind tbemfelves, where the
fna^es of glofing fpeech lie to entangle them, are in mind
not a little troubled, when they hear fo bitter invedives againft
that, which this church hath taught them to reverence as
holy. Hooker, b. v.
As you unwind her love from him.
Left it fhould ravel, and be good to none.
Bottom it on me. Shakefp. Two Gentlemen ofVerona.
To Unw/nd. v.n. To admit evolution.
Put the bottoms into clean fealding water, and they will
eafily univind. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
Unwi'ped. adj. Not cleared.
Their hands and faces were all badg’d with blood,
So were their daggers, which unwip’d we found
Upon their pillows. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Unwi'se. adj. Weak ; defective in wifdom.
O good, but moft unwife patricians ! why.
You grave, but recklefs fenators, have you thus
Giv’n Hydra here to chufe an officer ? Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Be not ta’cn tardy by unwife delay. Shakefpeare.
He who of thofe delights can judge, and fpare
To interpofe them oft, is not unwife. Milton.
This the Greeks fay, this the barbarians ; the wife and the
unwife. Tillotfon.
When kings grow ftubborn, flothful, or unwife,
Each private man for publick good fhould rife. Dryden.
When the balance of power is duly fixt in a flate, nothing
is more dangerous or unwijey than to give way to the firft
fteps of popular encroachments. Swift.
Unwisely, adv. Weakly; not prudently ; not wifely.
Lady Zelmane, like fome, unwijely liberal, that more
delight to give prefents than pay debts, chofe rather to be¬
llow her love upon me, than to recompenfe him. Sidney.
Unwijely we the wifer Eaft
Pity, fuppofing them opprefs’d
With tyrant’s force. Waller.
To Unwi-sh. v. a. To wifh that which is, not to be.
My liege, would you and I alone,
Without more help, could fight this royal battle.-
- Why now thou haft unwijh’d five thoufand men ;
Which likes me better than to wifh us one. Shakefpeare.
4
To defire there were no God, were plainly to unwijh their
own being, which muft be annihilated in the fubftradion of
that eflence, which fubftantially fupporteth them. Brown.
Unwashed, adj. Not fought; not defired.
So jealous is fhe of my love to her daughter, that I never
yet begin to open my mouth to the unevitable Philoclea, but
that her unwijhed prefence gave my tale a conclufion, before
it had a beginning. Sidney.
To his unwifoed yoke
My foul confents not to give l'ov’reignty. Shakefpeare.
While heaping unwijh'd wealth I diftant roam j
The beft of brothers at his natal home
By the dire fury of a traitrefs wife.
Ends the fad evening of a ftormy life. Pope.
Unwi'st. adj. Unthought of; not known. Spenfer.
To UJnwi t. v. a. To deprive of underftanding. Not ufed.
Friends all but now ; even now
In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom
Diverting them for bed ; and then, but now.
As if fome planet had unwitted men,
Swords out, and tilting one at other’s breads. Shakefpeare.
UnwithdraVing. adj. Continually liberal.
Wherefore did nature pour her bounties forth.
With fuch a full and unwithdrawing hand.
Covering the earth with odours, fruits, and flocks ? Milton.
Unwithstoo'd. adj. Not oppofed.
Creffy plains,
And Agincourt, deep ting’d with blood, confefs
What the Silures vigour unwithjlood,
Cou’d do in rigid fight. Philips.
Unwitnessed, adj. Wanting evidence ; wanting notice.
Leaft their zeal to the caufe fhould any way be unwitneffed. Hooker.
Unwittingly, adv. [Properly unweetingly, from unweeting.]
Without knowledge; without confcioufnefs.
In thefe fatal things it falls out, that the high-working
powers make fecond caufes unwittingly acceflary to their de¬
terminations. Sidney.
Thofe things are termed moft properly natural agents,
which keep the law of their kind unwittingly, as the heavens
and elements of the world, which can do no otherwife than
they do. Hooker, b. i.
Atheifts repudiate all title to heaven, merely for prefent
pleafure ; befides the extreme madnefs of running fuch a defperate hazard after death, they unwittingly deprive themfelves
here of that tranquillity they feek for. Be?itley.
Unwo/nted. adj.
1. Uncommon; unufual; rare; infrequent:
His lad, dull eyes, funk deep in hollow pits.
Could not endure th’ unwonted fun to view. Fairy fhieen.
My father’s of a better nature
Than he appears by fpeech ; this is unwonted
Which now came from him. Shakefpeare.
Every unwonted meteor is portentous, and fome divine
prognoftick. _ G'anville.
Thick breath, quick pulfe, and heaving of my heart.
All ligns of fome unwonted change appear. Dryden.
2. Unaccuftomed ; unufed.
Philoclea, who blulhing, and withal fmiling, making
fhamefaftnefs pleafant, and pleafure fhamefaft, tenderly moved
her feet, unwonted to feel the naked ground. Sidney, b. ii.
Sea calves unwonted to frelh waters fly. May.
O how oft fhall he
On faith and changed gods complain ; and feas
Rough with black winds and florins,
Unwonted fhall admire. Milton.
Unwor'king. adj. Living without labour.
Lazy and unworking fhopkeepers in this being worfe than
gamefters, do not only keep fo much of the money of a
country in their hands, but make the publick pay them
for it- Locke.
Unworshipped, adj. Not adored.
He refolv’d to leave
Unworjhipp’d, unobey’d the throne fupreme. Milton.
Unworthily, aclv. Not according to defert; either above
or below merit.
I vow’d, bafe knight,
To tear the garter from thy craven leg.
Which I have done, becaufe unworthily
Thou waft inflalled. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Fearing left my jealous aim might err,
And fo unworthily difgrace the man,
I gave him gentle looks. Shakefpeare.
If we look upon the Odyfley as all a fidion, we conlider it
unwo/thily. It ought to.be read as a ftory founded upon truth,
adorned with embellifhmcnts of poetry. Broo/ne.
Unwo'rthiness. n.f. Want of worth; want of merit.
A mind fearing the unworthinej's of every word that fhould
be prefented to her ears, at length brought it forth in this
manner. Sidney, b. ii.
' O let
UnV V o c
O let not an excellent fpirit do itfelf fuch wrong, as la
think where it is placed, embraced, and loved, there can be
any unworthinefs ; fince the weakeft mill is not eafilier driven
away by the fun, than that is chafed away with fo high
thoughts. __ Sidney.
Every night he comes with fongs compos’d
To her unworthinefs: it nothing iteads us
To chide him from our eaves, for he perfifts. Shakefpeare.
I fear’d to find you in another place ;
feut, fince you’re here, my jealoufy grows lefs :
You will be kind to my unworthinejs. Dryden.
Have a true and humble fenfe of your own unworthinefs,
which will not fuller you to rife to a confidence unwarrantably
pretended to by fome. iFakc on Death.
Unwo'rthy. adj.
j. Not deferving.
The Athanafian creed and doxology finould remain in ufe,
the one as a mod divine explication of the chiefeft articles of
our chriftian belief; the other as an heavenly acclamation of
joyful appiaufe to his praifes, in whom we believe : neither
the one nor the other unworthy to be heard founding, as they
are in the church of Chrift. Hooker.
Every particular accident, not unworthy the remembrance,
for brevity I wittingly pafs over. Knolles.
2. Wanting merit
Degree being vizarded,
T’n’ unworthiefl fhews as fairly in the mafk. Shakefpeare.
Are there unworthy men chofen to offices ? Wbitgifte.
So may I, blind fortune leading me.
Mil's that which one unworthier may attain ;
And die with grieving. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
3. Mean.
Tell me, Philoclea, did you ever fee fuch a fhepherd ?
did you ever hear of fuch a prince ? and then tell me if a
fmall or unworthy affault have conquered me ? Sidney.
4. Not fuitable ; not adequate.
I laid at her feet a work, which was unworthy her, but
which I hope fire will forgive. Dryden.
Our friend’s papers are in my hands, and I will take care
to fupprefs things unworthy of him. Pope to Swift.
Care is taken to interfperfe additions in fuch a manner,
that fcarce any book can be bought, without purchaiing fomething unworthy of the author. Swift.
5. Unbecoming ; vile.
The brutal adfion rous’d his manly mind :
Mov’d with unworthy ufage of the maid.
He, though unarm’d, refolv’d to give her aid. Dryden.
Unwound, part, palf. and pret. of unwind. Untwifted.
Thatchers tie with withs, but old pitch’d ropes unwound are
more lafting. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
UnwoYnded. adj.
1. Not wounded.
We may offend
Our yet unwounded enemies. Milton's Par. Lofl, b. vi.
2. Not hurt.
Oh ! blefi with temper :
She who can love a filter’s charms, or hear
Sighs for a daughter with unwounded ear. Pope.
To Unwre'ath. v. a. To untwine.
The beards of wild oats, and of divers other wild plants,
continually wreath and unwreatb themfelves, according to the
temperature of the ambient air. Boyle.
UnwR^TING. adj. Not affirming the character of an author.
The peace of the honelt unwriting fubjedt was daily molefted. Arbuthnot.
Unwritten, adj. Not conveyed by writing; oral; traditional.
A rule of right unwritten, but delivered by tradition from
one to another. Spenfer's State ofIreland.
As to his underftanding, they bring him in void of all no¬
tion, a rude, unwritten blank ; making him to be created as
much an infant, as others are born. South's Sermons.
The laws of England may be divided into the written law,
and the unwritten. Hale.
UnwroYght. adj. Not laboured ; not manufactured.
Or prove at leaft to all of wifer thought,
Their hearts were fertile land, although unwrought. Fairfax.
Yet thy moift clay is pliant to command ;
Unwrought and eafy to the potter’s hand :
Now take the mold, now bend thy mind to feel
The firft {harp motions of the forming wheel. Dryden.
UnWRuTg. adj. Not pinched.
We that have free fouls, it touches us not; let the galled
jade winch, our withers are unwrung. . Shakefp. Hamlet.
Unyielded, adj. Not given up.
O’erpower’d at length, they force him to the ground,
Unyielded as he was, and to the pillar bound. Dryden.
To Unyo'ke. v. a.
j. To loofe from the yoke.
Our army is difpers’d already :
Like youthful fleers unyok’d, they took their courfe
Eaft, weft, no{th, fouth. Shakefp. Sh/ikpfa Hen. IV.
tjorner calls them like gods, and yet gives them the r.rrF
ployment of flaves; they unyoke the mules. Broomt.
2. To part; to disjoin.
Shall thefe hands, fo lately purg’d of blood.
So join’d in love, fo ftrong in both,
tlnyoke this feizure, and this kind regrcct. Shakefpeare.
Unyo^ked. adj.
1. Having never worn a yoke.
Sev’n bullocks yet unyok'd for Phcebus chufe,
And for Diana fev’n unfpotted ewes. Dryden.
2. Licentious; , unreftrained. ,
I will a-while uphold
The unyok'd humour of your idlenefs. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Unzo'ned. adj. Not bound with a girdle.
Eafy her motion feem’d, ferene her air;
Full, though unzon'd, herbofom. _ Prior.
Vocabulary, h.f. [•vocabularium, Lat. vocabulaire, hr.] A
dictionary; a lexicon ; a word-book.
Some have delivered the polity of fpirits, and that they
ftand in awe of conjurations; which fignify nothing, not only
in the dictionary of man, but in the iubtiler vocabulary of
Satan. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
Among other books, we fhould be furnilhed with vocabula¬
ries and dictionaries of feveral forts. • JFatts.
VO'CAL. adj. [voca^ Fr. vbcalis, Lat.]
1. Having a voice.
Eyes are vocal, tears have tongues ;
And there be words not made with lungs ;
Sententious fhow’rs! O let them fall.
Their cadence is rhetorical. Crafloaw.
Witnefs if I be iilent, morn or even.
To hill, or valley, fountain, or frefih fhade,
Made vocal by my fong, and taught his praife. Milton.
Smooth-Hiding Mincius, crown’d with vocal reeds,
That ftrain I heard was of a higher mood. Milton.
None can animate the lyre,
And the mute firings with vocal fouls infpire.
As Helen, in whofe eyes ten thoufand Cupids dwell. Dryden.
Memnon, though {tone, was counted vocal;
But ’twas the god, mean while, that fpoke all.
Rome oft has heard a crofs haranguing,
With prompting prieft behind the hanging. Prior.
2. Uttered or modulated by the voice.
They which, under pretence of the law ceremonial being
abrogated, require the abrogation of inftrumental mufick,
approving neverthelefs the ufe of vocal melody to remain,
mult {hew fome reafon wherefore the one fhou’d be thought
a legal ceremony, and not the other. Hooker.
And join’d their vocal worftiip to the choir
Of creatures wanting voice. Milton's Par. Lofl.
VocaYity. n.f [vocalitas, Lat. from vocal.] Power of utter¬
ance ; quality of being utterable by the voice.
L and R being in extremes, one of roughriefs, the other
of fmoothnefs and freenefs of vocality, are not eafy in traCl of
vocal fpeech to be pronounced fpiritally. Holder.
To VoYalize. v. a. [from vocal.] To form into voice.
It is one thing to give an impulfe to breath alone ; another
thing to vocalize that breath, i. e. in its paffage through the
larynx, to give it the found of human voice. Holder.
VoYally. adv. [from vocal.] In words; articulately.
Although it is as natural to mankind, to exprefs their de¬
fires vocally, as it is for brutes to ufe their natural vocal figns ;
yet the forming of languages into this or that faftnon, is a
bufinefs of inftitution. Hale's Origin ofMankind.
Voca'tion. n.f. [Vocation, Fr. vocatio, Lat.]
1. Calling by the will of God.
Neither doth that wffiich St. Paul, or other apoftles, teach,
enforce the utter difability of any other men’s vocation thought
requifite in this church for the faving of fouls. Hooker, b. v.
They which thus were in God eternally by their intended
admiffion to life, have, by vocation or adoption, God adfually
now in them. Hooker, b. v.
2. Summons.
What can be urged for them who not having the vocation
of poverty to fcribble, out of rneer wantonnefs make them¬
felves ridiculous ? Dryden.
3. Trade; employment.
He would think his fervice greatly rewarded, if he might
obtain by that means to live in' the fight cf his prince, and
yet pradtife his own chofen vocation. Sidney, b. i.
God’s mother, in a vifion full of majefty.
Will’d me to leave my bale vocation. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
God has furnilhed men with faculties fufficient to diredt
them in the way they fhould take, if they will federally em¬
ploy them, when their ordinary vocations allow them the
leilure. Locke.
A whore in her vocation,
Keeps pun&ual to an affignation. Swift.
VoYative. ne J'. [vocatif, Fr. vocativus, Lat.] The gramma¬
tical cafe ufed in calling or {peaking to. *
30 B Voci-
V O I VOL
VocftERaction, n.f. [vocifcratio, vocifero, Lat ] Clamour;
outcry.
The lungs, kept too long upon the ftretch by vociferation,
or loud Tinging, may produce the fame efledl. Atbutlmot.
VociTerous. adj. [vocifero, Lat.] Clamorous; noify.
Several templars, and others of the more vociferous kind
of critics, went with a refolution to hils, and confefs d they
were forced to laugh. Pope.
VOGUE, n.f. [vogue, Fr. from vaguer, to float, or fly at large.]
Fafhion ; mode.
It is not more abfurd to undertake to tell the name of an
unknown perfon by his looks, than to vouch a man s faintfhip from the vogue of the world. South.
Ufe may revive the obfoleteft words,
And banifh thofe that now are mod in vogue. Rofcommon.
What factions th’ have, and what they drive at
In publick vogue, or what in private. Hudibras.
In the vogue of the world, it pafles for an exploit of ho¬
nour, for kings to run away with whole countries that they
have no pretence to. VEJirange.
No periodical writer, who always maintains his gravity,
and does not fometimes facrifice to the graces, mud expecl to
keep in vogue for any time. Addijon.
At one time they keep their patients fo clofe and warm,
as almoft to ftifle them ; and all on a fudden the cold regimen
is in vogue. Baker s Reflections on Learning.
VOICE, n.f. [voix, Fr. vocis, Lat.]
1. Sound emitted by the mouth.
2. Sound of the mouth, as diflinguifhed from that uttered by
another mouth.
Air in founda-that are not tones, which are all equal, admitteth much variety, as in the voices of living creatures,
and in the voices of feveral men; for we can difeern feveral
men by their voices. Bacons Nat. Hifl.
3. Any found made by breath.
O Marcus, I am warm’d ; my heart
Leaps at the trumpet’s voice, and burns for glory. Addifon.
4. Vote; fuffrage; opinion exprefled.
Are you all refolved to give your voices?
But that’s no matter, the greater part carries it. Shakejp.
I’ve no words ;
My voice is in my fword ! thou bloodier villain
Than terms can give thee out. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The {late was betrayed by the multitude and corruption of
voices, and mud fhortly perifh, if not committed to the
grave judgment of fome few; for two hundred gave voices,
reducing that multitude to fifty, who, for their experience,
were holden for men of greateft gravity. Knolles.
Some laws ordain, and fome attend the choice
Of holy fenates, and ele£t by voice. Dryden.
To Voice, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To rumour ; to report. Out of ufe.
Is this th’ Athenian minion, whom the world
Voic'd fo regardfully ? Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
It was voiced that the king purpofed to put to death Edward
Plantagenct, prifoner in the tower ; whereat there was great
murmur. Bacon s Hen. VII.
Many fought to feed
The eafy creditors of novelties, ^
By voicing him alive. DanicWfflivil JVar.
2. To vote.
Your minds, pre-occupied with what
You rather mud do, thaw what you fhould do.
Made you, againft the grain, to voice him conful. Shakefp.
To Voice, v. n. To clamour; to make outcries. Obfolete.
Stir not queftions of jurifdidtion ; and rather aflume thy
right in filence, than Voice it with claims. Bacon.
It is not the gift of every perfon to harangue the multitude,
to voice it loud and high. South's Sermons.
Vo'iCED. adj. [from the noun.] Furnifhed with a voice.
That’s Erythsea,
Or fome angel voic'd 'like her. ’Tis fhe ! my ftruggling
foul
Would fain go out to meet and welcome her ! Denham.
VOID. adj. [vuide, Fr.]
1. Empty; vacant.
The earth was without form and void, and darknefs was
upon the face of the deep. Genefls i. 2.
I’ll get me to a place more void, and there
Speak to great Caefar as he comes along. Shakefpeare.
2. Vain; ineffedlual; null; vacated.
If it be void, and to no purpofe, that the names of men
are fo frequent in their books, what did move them to bring
them in ? Hooker.
My word {hall not return void, but accomplifli that which
I pleafe. Ija. lv. ir.
This cuflom made their whole government void, as an en¬
gine built again!! human focicty, worthy to be fired and pulled
down. Bacon.
Though the wifdom of a future parliament may find caufe
to declare this, or that a£t of parliament void, yet there will
be the fame temper requifite to repeal it. Clarendon.
T he two houfes declared, that nothing which fhould from
that time pafs under the great feal, fhould be good and valid;
but void and null. Clarendon, b. viii.
Some kind of fubjedlion is due from every man to every
man, which cannot be made void by any power what¬
ever. Swift.
3. Unfupplicd ; unoccupied.
Queen Elizabeth, importuned much to fupply divers great
offices that had been long void, ttnfwered nothing to the mat¬
ter, but rofe up on the ludden, and Laid, I am fure my office
will not be long void. Camden.
4. Wanting ; unfurnifhed ; empty.
If fome be admitted into the miniflry, void of learning:,
or lewd in life, are all the reft to be condemned ? IVhitgifte.
How void of reafon are our hopes and fears ! Dryden.
Being void of all friendfhip and enmity, they never com¬
plain. Swift.
5. Unfubftantial; unreal.
Senfelefs, lifelefs idol, void and vain. Pope.
Void. n.f. [from the adje£l.] An empty fpace; vacuum ; vacancy.
Pride, where wit tails, fleps in to our defence.
And fills up all the mighty void of fenfe. Pope.
With what power
Were firft th’ unwieldy planets launch’d along
Th’ illimitable void? Thomfcn.
To Void. v.a. [from the adje£live ; vuidcr, Fr.J
1. To quit; to leave empty.
If they will fight with us, bid them come down,
Or void the field. Shakefp. Hen. V.
How in our voiding lobby haft thou flood.
And duly Waited for my coming forth ? Shakefp. Hen. VI.
Towards this pafiage, fomewhat darker than the chamber
which he voided, this aflaffinate gave him, with a back blow,
a deep wound into his left fide. JVotton's Buckingham.
2. To emit; to pour out.
The afeending water is vented by fits, every circumvolu¬
tion voiding only fo much as is contained in one helix. Wilkins.
3. To emit as excrement.
Excrements fmell ill to the fame creature that voideth
them ; and the cat burieth what fhe voideth. Bacon.
Believ’d the heav’ns were made of flone,
Becaufe the fun had voided one. Hudibras.-
By the ufe of emulfions, and frequent emollient injections,
his urine voided more eafily. Wifeman's Surgery.
Flefhy filaments, or matter voided by urine, are fufpicious
fymptoms of a flone in the kidnies, efpecially if the patient
has been fubject to voiding of gravel. Arbuthnot.
4. To vacate; to nullify; to annul.
It was become a praCtice, upon any fpecious pretences, to
void the fecurity that was at any time given for money fo bor¬
rowed. Clarendon.
Voidable, adj. [from void.] Such as may be annulled.
If the metropolitan, pretending the party deceafed had bona
notabilia in divers diocefes, grants letters of adminiftration,
fuch adminiftration is not void, but voidable by a fentence. Ayl.
Vc/ider. n.f. [from void.] A ba!ket, in which broken meat
is carried from the table.
A voider for the nonce,
I wrong the devil fhould I pick their bones. Cleavcland.
Vo'idness. n.f. [from void.]
1. Emptinefs; vacuity.
2. Nullity; inefficacy.
3. Want of fubftantiality.
If thereby you underftand their nakednefs and voidnefs of
all mixt bodies, good divines are of opinion, that the work
of the creation was not in itfelf diftinguifhed by days. Hakew.
VO'ITURE. n.f [French.] Carriage; tranfportation by car¬
riage. Not in ufe.
They ought to ufe exercife by voitwe or carriage. Arbuthnot.
Vo'lant. adj. [volans, Lat. volant, Fr.]
1. Flying; paffing through the air.
The volant, or flying automata, are fuch mechanical con¬
trivances as have a felf-motion, whereby they are carried
aloft in the air, like birds. Wilkins's Alath. Magick.
2. Nimble; aClive.
His volant touch
InftinCl through all proportions, low, and high,
Fled, and purlu’d tranfverfe the refonant fugue. Milton.
Blind Britifh bards, with volant touch,
Traverfe loquacious firings, whole folemn notes
Provoke to harmlefs revels. Philips.
Vo'latile. adj. [volatilis, Lat.]
1. Flying; palling through the air.
The caterpillar towards the end of fummer waxeth vola¬
tile, and turneth to a butterfly. Bacon's Aat. Hifl.
There is no creature'only volatile, or no flying animal but
hath feet as well -as wings; becaufe there is not lufficient
food for them always in the air. Ray. on the Creation.
2. [Volatile, Fr.] Having the power to pafs oft by fpontaneous
evaporation.
In vain, though by their pow’rful art they bind
Volatile Hermes. * Milton s Puradife Lofl, b. iii.
When
Vo L VOL
When arfenick with foap gives a reguius, and with mer ¬
cury fublimate a volatile fulible fait, like butter of antimony ;
doth not this fhew that arfenick, which i$‘ a fubftance totally
volatile, is compounded of fix’d and volatile parts, ftrongly
cohering by a mutual attraction ; fo that the volatile will not
afeend without carrying up the fixed ? Newton.
3. Lively; fickle; changeable of mind; full of fpirit.
Active fpirits, who are ever Ikimming over the furface of
things with a volatile temper, will fix nothing in their
m>nd. IVitts's Improvement ofthe Mind.
You are as giddy and volatile as ever, juft the reverfe of
Mr. Pope, who hath always loved a domeftick life. Swift.
V O LA 1 1LE. n.J. [volatile, hr.] A winged animal.
I he air conveys the heat of the fun, maintains fires, and
ferves for the flight of volatiles. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Wlatileness. \ r
Volatility. \n'J' \yolaU^\ Fr. from volatile.}
1. The quality of flying away by evaporation ; not fixity.
Upon the compound body, chiefly obferve the colour, fra¬
gility, or pliantnefs, the volatility or fixation, compared with
fimple bodies. Bacon.
Of volatility, the utmoft degree is, when it will fly away
without returning. Bacon.
Heat caufeth the fpirits to fearch fome iflue out of the
body, as in the volatility of metals. Bacon.
The animal fpirits cannot, by reafon of their fubtilty and
volatilenefs, be difeovered to the lenfe. Hale.
The volatility of mercury argues that they are not much
bigger ; nor may they be much lefs, left they lofe their
opacity. Newton’s Opticks.
By the fpirit of a plant, we underftand that pure, elabo¬
rated oil, which, by reafon of its extreme volatility, exhales
fpontaneoufly, in which the odour or fmell confifts. Arbuthnot.
2. Mutability of mind.
Volatilization, n. f. [from volatilize.'] The a£t of making
volatile.
Chemifts have, by a variety of ways, attempted in vain
the volatilization cf the fait of tartar. Boyle.
To VoYatilize. v. a. [yolatilijer, Fr. from volatile ] To
make volatile ; to fubtilize to the higheft degree.
Spirit of wine has a refractive power, in a middle degree
between thofe of water and oily fubftances, and accordingly
feems to be compofed of both, united by fermentation : the
water, by means of fome faline fpirits with which it is im¬
pregnated, diflclving the oil, and volatilizing it by the
action. Neivton’s Opticks.
Spirituous liquors are fo far from attenuating, volatilizing,
and rend ring per'pirable the animal fluids, that it rather condenfeth them. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Vole. n.f [W*,Fr.] A deal atcards, that draws the whole tricks.
Paft fix, and not a living foul!
I might by this have won a vole. Szvift.
VOLCANO, n.f [Italian, from Vulcan.] A burning moun¬
tain.
Navigators tell us there is a burning mountain in an
ifland, and many volcano’s and fiery hills. Brczvn.
When the Cyclops o’er their anvils fweat.
From the volcano's grofs eruptions rife,
And curling fheets of fmoke obfeure the Ikies. Garth.
Subterraneous minerals ferment, and caufe earthquakes,
and caufe furious eruptions of volcano’s, and tumble down
broken rocks. Bentley’s Sermons.
VoYery. n.f. [volerie; Fr.] A flight of birds.
An old boy, at his firft appearance, is fure to draw on
him the eyes and chirping of the whole town volcry; amongft
which, there will not be wanting fome birds of prey, that
will prefently be on the wing for him. Locke.
Volita'tion. n.J. [voiito, Lat.J The act or power of flying.
Birds and flying animals are almoft erect, advancing the
head and breaft in their progreflion, and only prone in the
a£f of volitation. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
VoliYion. n.f [volitio, Lat.j The act of willing ; the power
of choice exerted.
There is as much difference between the approbation of
the judgment, and the actual volitions of the will, as between
a man’s viewing a definable thing with his eye, and reaching
after it with his hand. South’s Sermons.
Volition is the actual exercife of the power the mind has to
order the confideration of any idea, or the forbearing to confider it; or to prefer the motion of any part of the body to
its reft, by directing any particular action, or its forbear¬
ance. Locke.
Vc/litive- adj. Having the power to will.
They not only perfect the intelledual faculty, but the vo~
litive-, making the man not only more knowing, but more
wife and better. Hale.
VoYley. n.f. [voice, Fr.]
I. A flight of fhot.
From the Wood a volley of fhot flew two of his com¬
pany- Raleigh’s Apology;
% t
Waller.
&}
More on his guns relies, than on his fiword.
From whence a fatal volley we receiv’d.
2. A burft ; an emifllon of many at once.
A fine volley cf words, gentlemen, and quickly fhot
°ff' , Shakefpeare.
Diftruftful fenfe with mbdeft caution fpeaks ;
It ftill looks home, arid fhortexcurfionu makes ;
But rattling nonfenfe in full voliies bleaks. Pop's.
To VoYley. v.n. To throw out.
The holding every man fhdll beat as loud
As his ftrong Tides call Volley. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
VoYlied. adj. [from volley.] Difp’.odcd; difeharged with a
volley.
I flood
Thy fierceft, when in battle to thy aid
The blafting volley'd thunder made all (peed. Milton'.
1. he Gallick navy, impotent to bear
His volley d thunder, torn, diffever’d, feud. Philips.
Volt. n.f. [volte, Fr.] Volt fignifies a round or a circular
tread ; a gate of two treads made by a horfe going Tideways
round a center ; fo that thefe two treads make parallel tracts,
the one which is made by the fore feet larger, and the other
by the hinder feet fmaller; the fhoulders bearing outw'ards,
and the croupe approaching towards the center. FarrieVs Dibit
VolueiYity. n.f [yolubilite, Fr. volubilitas, from volubility
Lat.]
1. The act or power of rolling.
Volubility, or aptnefs to roll, is the property of a bowl,
and is derived from its roundnefs. IVatts’s Logick.
Then cadeftial fpheres fhould forget their wonted motions,
and by irregular volubility, turn themielves any way, as it mishc
haPPen- _ Hooker, b. i.
2. Activity of tongue ; fluency of lpeech.
Say file be mute, and will not /peak a word,
Then I’ll commend her volubility. Shakefpeare.
He exprefs’d himfelf with great volubility of words, natu¬
ral and pioper. Clarendon.
He had all the French affurance, cunning, and volubility
of tongue. Addifon.
She ran over the catalogue of diverfions with fuch a volu-t
bility of tongue, as drew a gentle reprimand from her
, ( Female Quixote.
3- Mutability; liablenefs to revolution.
He that’s a victor this moment, may be a flave the next:
and this volubility of human affairs, is the judgment of pro¬
vidence, in the punifhment of oppreffion. L’Ejlranve.
Vo'luble. adj. [volubilis, Lat.]
1. Formed fo as to roll eafily ; formed fo as to be eafily put in
motion. J v
Neither the weight of the matter of which a cylinder is
made, nor its round voluble form, which, meeting with a
precipice, do neceffiarily continue the motion of itf are any
more imputable to that dead, choicelels creature in its firft
, . . Hammond.
1 he adventitious corpufcles may produce liability in the
matter they pervade, by expelling thence thofe voluble parti¬
cles, which, whilft they continued, did by their fhape unfit
for cohefion, or, by their motion, oppofe'coalition. Boyle.
2. Rolling; having quick motion.
This lefs voluble, earth,
By fhorter flight to th’eaft, had left him there. Milton.
I hen voluble, and bold ; now hid, now feen,
^Among thick-woven arborets. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. iv,
3. Nimble ; active. Applied to the tongue.
A friend promifed to diffect a woman’s tongue, and exa¬
mine whether there may not be in it certain juices, which
render it fo wonderfully voluble and flippant. Addifon.
T befe with a voluble and flippant tongue, become mere
ec^°’s* Watts's Improvement ofthe Mind.
4. Fluent of words. It is applied to the fpeech, or the
fpeaker.
Caffio, a knave very voluble; no further confcionable5
than in putting on the meer form of civil and humane Teem¬
ing, for the better ccmpafiing of his loofe affebtion. Shakefp.
If voluble and fharp difeourfe be marr’d,
Unkindnefs blunts it more than marble hard. Shakeftean
VO'LUME. n.f. [volume*, Lat.] JP
1. Something rolled, or convolved.
2. As much as feems convolved at once; as a fold of a ferpent
a wave of water. v 1
Threefcore and ten I can remember well;
Within the volume of which time I’ve feen
Hours dreadful, and things ftrange. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Unoppos’d they either lofe their force.
Or wind in volumes to their former courfe. Drydeni
Behind the gen’ral mends his weary pace,
And filently to his revenge he fails: *
So glides fome trodden ferpent on the grafs.
And long behind his wounded volume trails. t)rydeh.
Thames’ fruitful tides,
Slow through the vale in filver volumes play. Penlon*
By
VOL
fey the infinuations of thefe cryftals, the volumes of air
tire driven out of the Watery particles, and many oi them
uniting, form larger volumes, which thereby have a greatei
force to expand thcmfelves. Lbeyne.
3. [ Volume, Fr.] A book ; fo called, becaufe books weic antiently rolled upon a ftaff
Guyon all this while his book did read,
Ne yet has ended ; for it was a great
And ample Volume, that doth far exceed _
My leifure, fo long leaves here to repeat. Fairy ghiecn.
Calmly, I do befeech you.-
Aye, as an hoftler,. that for the pooreft piece
Will bear the knave by th’ volume. Shakefpeare.
I (hall not now enlarge on the wrong judgments whereby
men miflead themfelves. This would make a volume. Locke.
If one fhort volume cou’d comprize
All that Was witty, learn’d and wife :
How wou’d it be efteem’d and read? Swift.
Volu'mjnous. adj. [from volume.']
1. Confifting of many complications.
The lerpent roll’d voluminous and vaft. Milton.
2. Confifting in many volumes, or books.
If heav’n write aught of fate, by what the ftars
Voluminous, or Gngle characters
In their conjunction met, give me to fpell. Milton.
There is pleafure in doing fomething new, though never
fo little, without peftering the world with voluminous tranfcriptions. Graunt s Fills of Mortality.
3. Copious; diffuftve.
He did not bear contradiction without much paffion, and
Was too voluminous in difeourfe. Clarendon.
The moft fevere reader makes allowances for many refts
and nodding-places in a voluminous writer. Spectator, Nu 124.
Voluminously. adv. [from voluminous.'] In many volumes
or books.
The controverftes are hotly managed by the divided fchools,
and voluminoujly every where handled. Granville.
Voluntarily, adv. [yokntiers, Fr. from voluntary.] Spontaneoufly ; of one’s own accord ; without compulfion.
Sith there is no likelihood that ever voluntarily they will
feek inftruCtion at our hands, it remaineth that unleis we
will fuffer them to perifh, falvationitfelfmuftfeek them. Hooker.
To be agents voluntarily in our own deftruCtion, is againft
God and nature. Hooker, b. v.
Self-prefervation will oblige a man volunta> ily, and by
choice, to undergo any lefs evil, to fecure himlelf but from
the probability of an evil incomparably greater. South.
VO'LUNTARY. adj. [volontaire, Fr. voluntarius, Lat.j
1. ACfing without compulfion ; aCting by choice.
God did not work as a neceffary, but a voluntary agent;
intending before-hand, and decreeing with himfelf, that
which did outwardly proceed from him. Hooker, b. i.
The lottery of my deftiny
Bars me the right of voluntary chufing. Shakefpeare.
2. Willing ; aCting with willingnefs.
Then virtue was no more, her guard away.
She fell to luft a voluntary prey. Pope’s OdyJJey.
3. Done without compulhon.
Voluntary forbearance denotes the forbearance of an aCfion,
confequentto an order of the mind. Locke.
The old duke is banifhed ; the new duke, and three or
four loving lords, have put themfelves into voluntary. exile
with him. Shakejp. As \ ou Like It.
They muft have reCourfe to abftinence, which is but vo¬
luntary hiking, and to exercife, which is but voluntary layour Seed’s Sermon.
a. Acting of its own accord ; fpontarleous.
The publick prayers of the people or God in churches
thoroughly fettled, did never ufe to be voluntary dictates, pioceeding from any man’s extemporal wit. Flookei, b. v.
Thoughts which voluntary move
Harmonious numbers. . Milton.
Voluntary, n.f [from the adjeCtive.]
1. A volunteer; one who engages in any affair of his own accord.
All th’ utlfettled humours of the land ;
Rafh, inconfld’rate, fiery voluntaries. Shakefpeare.
Ajax was here the voluntary, and you as under an imprefs. Shakefpeare.
The bordering wars were made altogether by voluntaries,
, upon their own head. Davies s I> eland.
Aids came in partly upon miffives, and partly voluntaries
from all parts. . Bacon.
2. A piece of mufick play’d at will, without any fettled
rule.
Whiffling winds, like organs, play’d,
Until their voluntaries made
The waken’d earth in odours rife,
To be her morning facrifice. Clcdveland.
By a voluntary before the Gift leffon, wc are prepar’d for
admiffion of thofe divine truths, which we are fhortly to re¬
ceive. * Spectator^ N O^o.
V O M
Vo r.u ntf.l/r. n.f. [voluntaire, Ir.J A foldier who enters into?
the fervice of his own accord.
Congreve, and the author of the Relapfe, being the prin¬
cipals in the diipute, I fatisfy them ; as for the volunteers,
they will find themfelves affected with the misfortune of their
friends. Collier.
All Alia now was by the ears;
And Gods beat up for volunteers
To Greece and Troy. Prior.
To Volunteer, v. n. 'To go for a foldier. A cant word.
Leave off thefe wagers, for in confcicnce fpeaking,
The city needs not your new tricks for breaking :
And if you gallants lofe, to all appearing.
You’ll want aii equipage for volunteering. Dryden.
Volu'ptuary. n J. [voluptuaire, Fr. voluptuarius, Lat.j A man
given up to pleafure and luxury.
Does not the voluptuary underftand in all the liberties of a
loofe and a lewd converfation, that he runs the rifk of body
and foul ? L’Ejlrange.
The parable was intended againft the voluptuaries; men
who liv’d like heathens, diffolutely, without regarding any of
the reftraints of religion. Aiterbu>y<
VOLU'PTUOUS. n.f [voluptuofus, Lat. voluptueux, Fr. ]
Given to excefs of pleafure ; luxurious.
He them deceives ; deceiv’d in his deceit;
Made drunk with drugs of dear voluptuous receipt. Spenfer.
If a new led have not two properties, it will not fpread.
The one is the fupplanting, or the oppofing of authority
eftabiifhed ; the other is the giving licenfe to pleafures, and a
voluptuous life. ( Bacon.
Thou wilt biing me foon
To that new world of light and blifs, among
The gods, who live at eafe, where I fhall reign
At thy right hand voluptuous, without end. Milton.
Then fwol’n with pride, into the fnare I fell
Of fair fallacious looks ; venereal trains,
Soft’ned with pleafure, and voluptuous life. Milton.
Speculative atheifm fubfifts Only in our fpeculation ; whereas
really human nature cannot be guilty of the crime. In¬
deed a few fenfual and voluptuous perfons may for a feafon
eclipfe this native light of the foul, but can never wholly
fmother and extinguish it. Bentley’s Sermons.
Voluptuously, adv. [from voluptuous.] Luxurioully; with
indulgence of exceffive pleafure.
Had I a dozen Ions, I had rather eleven died nobly for
their country, than one voluptuoujly furfeitout of action. Shak.
This cannot be done, if my will be fo worldly or voluptuoufly
difpofed, as never to fuffer me to think of them ; but perpe¬
tually to carry away, and apply my mind to other things. South.
Voluptuousness, n.f. [from voluptuous.] Luxurioulnefs; addidednefs to excefs of pleafure.
There’s no bottom
In my voluptuoufnefs: your wives, your daughters,
Your matrons, and your maids, could not fill up
The ciftern of my luft. Shakefp. Macbeth.
If he fill’d his vacancy with his voluptuoufnefs,
Full furfeits, and the drynefs of his bones
Call on him for’t. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Here where ftill ev’ning is, not noon nor night ;
Where no voluptuoulnefs, yet all delight. Donne.
Thefe Ions of Epicurus, for voluptuoufnefs and irreligion,
muft pafs for the only wits of the age. South.
You may be free, unlefs
Your other lord forbids, voluptuoufnefs. Dryden.
Volu/te. n.J. \yolute, Fr.] A member of a column.
That part of the capitals of the Ionick, Corinthian, and
Compofite orders, which is fuppofed to reprefent the bark of
trees twilled and turned into Spiral lines, or, according to
others, the head-dreffes of virgins in their long hair. Ac¬
cording to Vitruvius, thofe that appear above the ftems in
the Corinthian order, are fixtecn in every capital, four in the
Ionick, and eight in the Compofite. Thefe volutes are more
efpecially remarkable in the Ionick capital, reprefenting a
pillow or ctilhion laid between the abacus and echinus:
whence that antient aichited calls the valuta pulvinus. Harris.
It is laid there is an Ionick pillar in the Santa Maria '1 ranfteverc, where the marks of the compafs are ftill to be leen
on the volute ; and that Palladio learnt from thence the work¬
ing of that difficult problem. Addifcn.
VO'MICA. n.f. [Latin.] An eneyfled humour in the lungs.
If the ulcer is not broke, it is commonly called a vomica,
attended with the fame fymptoms as an empyema; became
the vomica communicating with the veffels ol the lungs,
muft neceffarily void fome ol the putiid matter, and taint the
bl0O(y A: buthnot on Diet.
Vo'mick nut. n.f
Vomick nut is the nucleus of a fruit of an Lalt-lndian tree,
the wood of which is the lignum colubrinum, or fnakewood
of the Ihops. It is flat, comptefled, and round, ot the
breadth of a {hilling, and about the thicknefs of a crownpiecc It is certain poiion to quadrupeds and birds; and
1 taken
I
V O T YOU
knows his cure.
More.
taken internally, in fmall clofes, it difturbs the whole human
frfime, and brings on convullions. Hill s Mai. Meduu.
To VOMIT, v. v. [Homo, Latin.]
i. To call up the contents of the ftomach.
The dog, when he is lick at the ftomach,
falls to his gi uis, vomits, and is well.
To Vo/mit. v. a. [vo/nir, hr.]
1. To throw up from the ftomach.
Haft thou found honey ? eat fo much as is fufficient, left
thou be filled therewith, and vomit it. Prov. xxv. 16.
The fifli vomited out Jonah upon the dry land. Jonah ii.
Vomiting is of ufe, when the foulnefs of the ftomach re¬
quires it. Wifeman s Surgery.
Weak ftomachs vomit up the wine that they drink in too
great quantities, in the form of vinegar. Arbuthnot.
2. To throw up with violence from any hollow.
Vo'mit. n. f. [from the verb.]
1, The matter thrown up from the ftomach.
He (hall caft up the wealth by him devour’d.
Like vomit from his yawning entrails pour’d. Sandys.
2. An emetick medicine; a medicine that caufesvomit.
Whether a vomit may be fafely given, muft be judged by
the circumftances ; if there be any fymptoms of an inflam¬
mation ofthe ftomach, a Vomit is extremely dangerous. A> buth.
VgmFtion. n.f [from vomo, Lat.] The aCf or power of vo¬
miting.
How many have faved their lives, by fpewing up their de¬
bauch ? Whereas, if the ftomach had wanted the faculty of
vomition, they had inevitably died. Grew1 s Cofmology.
Vomitive, adj. [vomitif, Fr.] Emetick; caufing vomits.
From this vitriolous quality, mercuries dulcis, and vitriol
vomitive, occafion black ejections. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
Vo/M itoR Y. adj. [vomitoire, Fr. vamitorius, Lat.] Procuring
vomits ; emetick.
Since regulus of ftibium, or glafs of antimony, will com¬
municate to water or wine a purging or vomitory operation,
yet the body itfelf, after iterated infufions, abates not virtue
or weight. Brown s Vulgar Ettours.
Some have vomited up fuch bodies as thefe, namely, thick,
fhort, blunt pins, which, by ftraining, they vomit up again,
or by taking vomitories privately. Harvey on ConjUmptions.
VORA'CIOUS, adj. [vorace, Fr. vorax, Lat.]
I. Greedy to eat; ravenous ; edacious.
So voracious is this humour gfown, that it draws in every
thing to feed it. Govet nment of the Tongue.
Voraciously, adv. [from voracious.Greedily; ravenoufly.
Voraciousness. } n.f. [voracite, Fr, voracitas, Lat. from voVoRaCity. racious.] Greedinefs; ravine ; ravenoufHe is as well contented with this, as thofe that with the
rarities of the earth pamper their voracities. Sand)s.
Creatures by their voracity pernicious, have commonly
fewer young. Derhams Phyftco-Theology.
VG'RTEX. n.f. In the plural vortices. [Latin.] Any thing
whirled round.
If many contiguous vortices of molten pitch were each of
them as large as thofe which fome fuppofe to revolve about
the fun and fix’d ftars ; yet thefe, and all their parts would,
by their tenacity and ftiffnefs, communicate their motion to
one another. Newton’s Opticks.
Nothing elfe could impel it, unlefs the etherial matter be
fuppofed to be carried about the fun, like a vortex, or whirl¬
pool, as a vehicle to convey it and the reft of the
planets. • Bentleys Sermons.
The.gath’ring number, as it moves along,
Involves a vaft involuntary throng ;
Who gently drawn, and ftruggling lefs and lefts,
Roll in her vortex, and her power confefs. Pope.
VoCtical. adj. [from vortex.] Having a whirling motion.
If three equal round veflels be filled, the one with cold
to any particular
Shalefpeare.
CrajbtTW.
Rogers's Sermons.
water, the other with oil, the third with molten pitch, and
the liquors be flirred about alike, to give them a vortical mo¬
tion ; the pitch, by its tenacity, will lofe its motion quickly ;
the oil, being lefs tenacious, will keep it longer ; and the
water being ftill lefs tenacious, will keep it longeft, but yet
will lofe it in a fhort time. Newton s Opticks.
It is not a magnetical power, nor the effeCt of a vortical
motion ; thofe common attempts towards the explication of
gravity. Bentley's Sermons.
Vc/tarist. n.f [devotus, Lat.] One devoted to any pelfon
or thing; one given up by a vow to any fervice or worfhip;
votary. .
I wifh a more ftriCl reftraint
Upon the fifterhood, the votarijls of St. Clare. Shakefpeare.
Earth, yield me roots ! What is here ?
Gold ! yellow, glittering, precious gokl !
No, gods, I am no idle votariJK Shakefpeare.
The grey-hooded ev’n,
Like a fad votarjl in palmer s weed,
Role from the hindnioft wheels of Phoebus wain. Milton*
Shakefp,care.
Shakefpeare.
Cleaveland.
Vo'tary. n.f One devoted, as by avow',
lervice, worlhip, ftudy, or ftate of life.
Wherefore wafte I time to counftl thee ?
Thou art a votary to fond defire.
Thou, faint god of fleep ! forget that I
Was ever known to be thy votary.
No more my pillow (hall thine altar be.
Nor will I offer any more to thee,
Myfelf a melting facrifice.
By thele means, men worfhip the idols h.2ve been let up in
their minds, and ftamp the characters of divinity upon abfurdities and errors, become zealous votaries to bulls and mon¬
kies. Locke.
The enemy of our happinefs has his fervants and votaries,
amoiu thofe who are called by the name of the fon of
God.
How' can heav’nly wifdom prove
An inftrument to earthly love ?
Know’ft thou not yet, that men commence
Thy votaries for want of fenfe. Swift.
Vo'tary. adj. Confequent to a vow.
Superftition is now lo well advanced, that men of the firft
blood are as firm as butchers by occupation ; and votary refolution is made equipollent tocuftom,evenin matter of blood. Bac.
Vo'taress. n. f. [female of votary.] A woman devoted to
any worfhip or ftate.
The imperial vot'refs puffed on.
In maiden meditation, fancy free.
His mother was a vot'refs of my order;
And, in the fpiced Indian air by night.
Full often fhe hath goflip’d by my fide.
No rofary this vot'refs needs,
Her very fyllables are beads.
Thy vot'refs from my tender years I am;
And love, like thee, the woods and fylvan game. Dryelen.
What force have pious vows ? the queen of love
His fifter fends, her vot'refs from above. Pope.
VOTE n.f. [votum, Lat.] Suffrage ; voice given and numbered.
He that joins inftruCtion with delight.
Profit with pleafure, carries all the votes. Rfcommon.
How many have no other ground for their tenets, than the
fuppofed honefty or learning of thofe of the fame profeflion ?
as if truth were to be eftablifhed by the vote of the multi¬
tude. Locke.
The final determination arifes from the majority of opi¬
nions or votes in the aflembly, becaufe they ought to be
fway’d by the fuperior weight of reafon. Watts.
To Vote. v. a.
1. To chufe by fufFrage ; to determine by fufFrage.
You are not only in the eye and ear of your mafter; but
you are alfto a favourite, the favourite of the time, and fo are
in his bofom alfo; the world hath alfo voted you, and doth
fo efteem of you. Bacon.
2. To give by vote.
The parliament voted them one hundred thoufand pounds
by way of recompence for their fufferings. Swift.
Vo'thr. n.f. [from vote.] One who has the right of giving
his voice or fufFrage.
EleClions growing chargeable, the voters, that is, the bulk
of the common people, have been univcrfally feduced into
bribery, perjury, drunkenntfs, malice, and Hander. Swift.
He hates an aCtion bafe ;
Can fometimes drop a voter's claim.
And give up party to his fame.
Vo'tive. adj. [votivus, Lat.] Given by vow.
Such in Ifis’temple you may find.
On votive tablets to the life pourtray’d.
Venus ! take my votive glafs ;
Since I am not what I was,
What from this dav I fhall be,
Venus ! let me never fee.
To VOUCH, v. a. [voucher, Norman French.]
Swift.
Dryden.
Prior.
Dryclten.
To call to witnefs ; to obteft.
The fun and day are witnefles for me ;
Let him who fights unfeen relate his own,
And vouch the lilent ftars and confcious moon.
2. To atteft ; to warrant; to maintain.
You do not give the cheer ; the feaft is fold
That is not often vouched, while ’tis making
’Tis given with welcome. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The confiftency of the difeourfe, and the pertinency of it
to the defign he is upon, vouches it worthy of our great
apoftle. Locke.
They made him afhamed to vouch the truth of the rela¬
tion, and afterwards to credit it. Atterbury.
To Vouch, v.n. To bear witnefs; to appear as a witnefs;
to give teftimony.
Fie declares he will not believe her, until the eleCfor of
Hanover fhall vouch for the truth of what fhe hath fo folemnly affirmed. Swift.
30 C Vouch.
vow
Vouch, n.f. [from the verb.] Warrant; attention.
What praife couldft thou bellow on adeferving woman in¬
deed ? one that in the authority of her merit, did juftly put
on the vouch of very malice itfelt? khakefp. Otbctlo.
Voucher. n.f. [from vouch,] One who gives wituefs to any
thing.
Better to ftarve.
Than crave the hire which full we do deferve .
Why in this wolvifh gown fhould I Hand hetc.
To beg of Hob and Dick, that do appear,
Their needlefs voucher F Shakefp. Coriolanus.
The ftamp is a mark, and a public voucher, that a piece of
fuch denomination is of ftich a weight, and of fuch a finenefs, e. has fo much filver in it. Locke.
All the great writers of that age ftand up together as
vouchers for one another’s reputation. Spectator, N°. 253.
1 have added nothing to the malice or abfurdity of them,
which it behoves me to declare, iince the zJbuchers themfelves
will be fo foon loft. Pope.
To Voucksa'fe. v.a. [vouch and fafed\
1, To permit any thing to be done without danger.
2. To condcfcend to grant.
He grew content to mark their fpeeches, then marvel at
fuch wit in ihepherds, after to like their company, and laftly
to vouchfafe conference. kidney.
Shall I vouchfafe your worfnip a word or two ?-
—Two thoufand, fair woman, and I'll
Vouchfafe thee hearing. *Shakefpeare.
But if the fenfe of touch feem fuch delight
Beyond all other, think the fame vou.hjaf'd
To cattle and each beaft. Milton.
It is not faid by the apoftle, that God vouchfafed to the
heathens the means of falvation ; and yet I will not affirm
that God will fave none of thole, to whom the found of the
gofpel never reached. South's Sermons.
To Vouchsafe, v. n. To deign ; to condefcend ; to yield.
Do I not fee Zelmane, who does not think a thought
which is not fiift Weigh’d by wifdom and virtue ? doth not fhe
vouchfafe to love me with like ardour ? Sidney, b. ii.
Vouchfafe, divine perfection of a woman.
Of thefe fuppofed crimes to give me leave
By eircumftance but to acquit myfelf. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Vouchfafe, illuftrious Ormond, to behold
What pow’r the charms of beauty had of old. Dryden.
VouchsaTement. n.f. [from vouchfafe.'] Grant; condefeenfton.
The infinite fuperiority of God’s nature, places a vaft difparity betwixt, his greateft communicated vouebfafements, and
his boundlefs, and therefore to his creatures incommunicable
perfedlions. Boyle.
Vow. n.f [veeu, Fr. votum, Lat.]
1. Any promife made to a divine power; an a£l of devotion,
by which fome part of life, or forne part of poffeffions is confecrated to a particular purpofe.
The gods are deaf to hot and peevifh vows;
They are polluted offerings. Shakefpeare.
If you take that vow and that wifh to be all one, you are
miftaken ; a wifh is a far lower degree than a vow. Hammond.
She vows for his return, with vain devotion, pays. Dryd.
2. A folemn promife, commonly ufed for a promife of love or
matrimony.
By all the vows that ever men have broke,
In number more than ever women fpoke. Shakefpeare.
Thofe who wear the woodbine on their brow.
Were knights of love, who never broke their vow;
Firm to their plighted faith. Dryden.
To Vow. v.a. [vouer, Fr. voveo, Lat.] To confecrate by a
folemn dedication ; to give to a divine power.
David often voweth unto God the facrifice of praife and
thankfgiving in the congregation. . Hooker.
To Mailer Harvey, upon,fome fpecial confideration, I have
vowed this nly labour. Spenfer.
Vozv and pay unto the Lord. Pf lxxvi.
When we have not only vowed, but delivered them over
into the poffeffion of Almighty God, for the maintenance of
his publick worfhip, and the minifters thereof, they are not
how arbitrable, nor to be revoked. Spelman.
Whoeyer fees thefe irreligious men,
With burden of a ficknefs, weak at d faint.
But hears them talking of religion then,
And vowing of their foul to ev’ry faint. ^ Davies.
This plant Latinus, when his town he wall d.
Then found, and from the tree Lauren,turn call’d :
And laft; in honour of his new abode,
lie vow'd the laurel to the laurel’s god. Dryden.
To Vow. v n. Fo make vows or folemn promifes.'
Doft fee bow unregarded now
Tfiat piece of beauty paffes ?
There was a time, when I did z ow
To that'alone : but mark the fate of faces. Suckling.
2 ' ‘ * '*
U P V
Vo'wel. n.f [voyclle, Fr. vocalis, Lat.] A letter,which can
be uttered by itfelf. r. - '•
I diftinguifh letters into vowels and confonants, yet not
wholly upon their reafon, that a vowel may be founded alone,
a confonant not without a vowel-, which will not be lound
all true ; for many of the confonants may be founded alone,
and fome joined together without a vowel, as bl. ll. and as
we pronounce the latter fyllable of people, riffle. .Holder.
Virgil makes the two vowelsmeet without an eliiion. Broome.
VowfeTlow. n.f. [vow and fellow.] One bound rby the fame
vow.
Who are the votaries, - V
That are vowfellozvs with this virtuous king ? Shakefp.
VO'YAGE. n.f. [voyage, Fr.J n
1. A travel by fea. •> 1
Guyon forward ’gan his voyage make.
With his black palmer, that him guided ftill. Fairy fVifcn.
Our fliips went fundry voyages, as well to the pillars of
Hercules, as to other parts in the Atlantick and Mediter¬
ranean feas. Bacon.
This great man a£led like an able pilot in a long voyage ;
contented to fit in the cabin when the winds were allay?d, but
ready to refume the helm when the ftorm arofe. Prior.
2. Courfe ; attempt; undertaking. A low phrafe.
If he fhou’d intend his voyage towards my wife, Iwou’d
turn her loofe to him ; and what he gets more of her than
fharp words, let it lie on my head. Shakefpeare.
If you make your voyage upon her, and prevail, I £fn no
further your enemy. Shakefp. Cyrifbeline.
3. The practice of travelling.
All nations have interknowledge of one another, by Voyage
into foreign parts, or ftrangers that come to them. Bacon.
ToVoYage.v. n. [voyager, Fr. fromthenoun.J To travel by fea.
For voyaging to learn the direful art.
To taint with deadly drugs the barbed dart;
Ilus refus’d t’impart the baneful truft. Pope's Odyffey.
To Vo/yage. v. a. To travel; to pafs over.
I with pain
Voyag'd th’ unreal, vaft, unbounded deep
Of horrible confufion. Milton's Par. Lojl.
Vc/yager, n.f. [vsyageur, Fr. from voyage.] One who tra¬
vels by fea.
Difdain not in thy conftant travelling s
To do as other voyagers, and make
Some turns into lefs creeks, and wifely take
Frefh water at the Heliconian fpring. Donne.
How comfortable this is, voyagers can beft tell. Cheyne.
Deny your veffels, ye deny in vain j
A private voyager I pafs the main. Pope's Odyffey.
Up. adv. [up, Saxon ; op, Dutch and Danifh.]
1. Aloft; on high ; not down.
From thofe two Mytilene brethren, admire the wonderful
changes of worldly things, now up now down, as if the life
of man were not of much more certainty than a ftage play.
Knolles's Hifl. ofthe Turks.
Thither his courfe he bends ; but up or down.
By center, or eccentrick, hard to tell.
Or longitude. , Milton.
2. Out of bed ; in the ftate of being rifen from reft.
Helen was not up F was fhe ? Shakefpeare.
His chamber being commonly ftived with fuiters, when, he
was up, he gave his legs, arms, and breaft to his fervants to
drefs him ; his eyes to his letters, and earsto petitioners. JVotton.
3. In the ftate of being rifen from a feat.
Upon his firft riling, a general whifper ran among the
country people, that Sir Roger was up. Addifon.
4. From a ftate of decumbiture or concealment.
Now morn with rofy light had ftreak’d the Iky,
Up rofe the fun, and up rofe Emily ;
Addrefs’d her early fteps to Cynthia’s fane. Dryden.
5. In a ftate of being built.
Up with my tent; here will I lie to-night;
But where to-morrow ?—well, all’s one for that. Shakefp.
6. Above the horizon.
As foon as the fun is up, fet upon the city* fudges ix.
y. To a ftate of advancement.
Till we have wrought ourfelves up into this degree of
chriftian indifference, we are in bondage. Attei bury.
8. In a ftate of exaltation. • : .. . F
Thofe that were up themfelves, kept others low ;
Thofe that were low themfelves held others hard,
Ne luft'ered them to rife, or greater grow. Fairy Queen.
Henry the fifth is crown’d ; up .vanity ! :
Down royal ftate ! all you fage counfellors hence. Shakefp.
9. In a ftate of climbing. , o i
10. In a ftate of infurredrion.
The gentle archbilhop of York is up
With well-appointed powers. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Rebels there are up.
And put the Englishmen unto the fvvord* Shakefpeare.
I hou
U P B UPC
Dryden.
Thou haft fir’d me ; my foul's up in arms,
And mans each part about me.
11. In a ftate of being increafcd, or raifed.
Grief and paffion are like floods raifed in little brooks by a
fudden rain ; they are quickly upy and if the concernment be
pour’d unexpectedly in upon us, it overflows us. Dryden.
12. From a remoter place, coming to any perfon or place.
As a boar was whetting his teeth, up comes a fox to
L’EJirange.
13. From younger to elder years.
I am ready to die from my youth up. Pf. lxxxviii.
14. Up and down. Difperfedly ; here and there.
Abundance of them are feen fcattered up and down like fo
many little iflands when the tide is low. Addifon.
15. Up and down. Backward and forward.
Our ochre is, in this prefent controverfy, not to be carried
up and down with the waves of uncertain arguments, but ra¬
ther positively to lead on the minds of the fimpler fort by plain
and eafy degrees, till the very nature of the thing itfelf do
marce mamieft what is truth. Hookery b. v.
The fkipping king he rambled up and down,
With fhallow jefters. Shakejpeare.
Up and down he traverfes his ground ;
Now wards a felling blow, now ftrikes again :
Then nimbly fhifts a thruft, then lends a wound;
Now back he gives, then rufhes on amain. Daniel.
Thou and death
Shall dwell at eafe, and up and down unfeen
Wing filently the buxom air. Milton.
On this windy fea of land, the fiend
Walk’d up and down alone, bent on his prey. Milton.
What a miferablc life doft thou lead, fays a dog to a lion,
to run ftarving up and down thus in woods. L’EJirange.
—She moves ! life wanders up and down
Through all her face, and lights up every charm. Addifon.
16. Up to. To an equal heightwith.
Tantalus was punifhed with the rage of an eternal thirft,
and fet up to the chin in water, that fled from his lips whenever he attempted to drink it. Addifon.
I~. Up to. Adequately to.
The wifeft men in all ages have lived up to the religion of
their country, when they faw nothing in it oppofite to mo¬
rality. Addifon.
They are determined to live up to the holy rule, by which
they have obliged themfelves to walk. Atterbury.
We mull: not only mortify all thefe paflions that folicit us,
but we muft learn to do well, and aft up to the pofitive pre¬
cepts of our duty. Rogers’s Sermons.
\ 8. Up with. A phrafe that fignifies the aft of railing any
thing to give a blow.
She, quick and proud, and who did Pas defpife.
Up wi:h her fift, and took him on the face ;
Another time, quoth fhe, become more wife :
Thus Pas did kifs her hand with little grace. Sidney.
19. It is added to verbs, implying fome accumulation, or increafe.
If we could number up thofe prodigious fwarms that fettled
in every part of the Campania of old Rome, they would amount to more than can be found in any fix parts of Europe
of the fame extent. Addifon s Remarks on Italy.
20. Up, interjeft.
li. A word exhorting to rife from bed.
Upy up! cries gluttony, ’tis break of day;
Go drive the deer, and drag the finny prey. Pope.
22. A word of exhortation, exciting or roufing to aftion.
Up then, Melpomene, the mournful mufe of nine;
Such caule of mourning never hadft afore.
I/p, grifly ghofts ; and up my rueful rime ;
Matter of mirth now fhalt thou have no more. Spenfer.
But upy and enter now into full blifs. Milton.
Upy upy for honour’s fake ; twelve legions wait you,
And long to call you chief. Dryden.
Up. prep. P rom a lower to a higher part; not down.
In going up a hill, the knees will be mod weary ; in going
down, the thighs : for that in lifting the feet, when a man
goeth up the hill, the weight of the body beareth mod upon
the knees, and in going down, upon the thighs. Bacon.
To Upbear, v. a. preter. upbore; part. paff. upborn, [up and
bear.']
1. To fuftain aloft; to fupport in elevation.
Unborn with indefatigable wings. Milton.
Rang’d in a line the ready racers ftand,
r Start from the goal, and vanifli o’er the ftrand :
Swift as on wings of wind, upborn they fly.
And drifts of rifing diift involve the Iky. Pope.
2. To raife aloft.
This with pray’r.
Or one Ihort figh of human breath, upborn,
Ev’n to the feat of God. Milton’s Par. Lofl.
A monftrous wavc Upbore
The chief, and dafh’d him on the craggy Ihore. Pope.
3.To fupport from falling.
Vital pow’rs ’gan wax both weak and wan,
For want of food and flefcp ; which two upbeat.
Like weighty pillars, this fl ail life of man. Fairy Queen.
To Upbraid, v. a. [upjebjiceban, up5ebr,eban, Saxon.]"
1. To charge contemptuoufly with any thing difgraceful
The fathers, when they were upbraided with that defeft,
comforted themfelves with the meditation of God’s mod gra¬
cious nature, who dicl not therefore the lets accept of their
hearty affection. Hooker, b. v.
It feem’d in me
But as an honour fnatch’d with boift’rous hand.
And I had many living to upbraid
My gain of it by their affiftances.
Which daily grew to quarrel. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
If you refule your aid, yet do not
Upbraid us with our diftrefs. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Vain man ! how long wilt thou thy God upbraid?
And, like the roaring of a furious wind,
Thus vent the vile diftemper of thy mind ? Sandyr.
How cunningly the forcerefs difplays
Her own tranfgreflions, to upbraid me mine. Milton.
’Tis a general complaint againft you, and I muft upbraid
you with it, that becaufe you need not write, you will
not. Dryden.
You may the world of more defefts upbraid,
That other works by nature are unmade ;
That fhe did never at her own expence
^ A palace rear. Blackmore.
2. To objeft as matter of reproach.
Thofe that have been bred together, are more apt to envy
their equals when raifed : for it doth upbraid unto them their
own fortunes, and pointeth at them. Bacon.
Any of thefe, without regarding the pains of churchmen,
grudge or upbraid to them thofe fmall remains of antient
piety, which the rapacity of feme ages has fcarce left. Sprat.
May they not juftly to our climes upbraid,
Shortnefs of night, and penury of (hade. Prior.
3. To urge with reproach.
I have too long born
Your blunt upbraidingsy and your bitter feoffs. Shakefp.
He that knowingly commits an ill, has the upbraidings of
his own confcience. Decay of Piety.
4. To reproach on account of a benefit received from the teproacher.
Ev’ry hour
He flafhes into one grofs crime or other ;
His knights grow riotous, and he himfelf upbraids us
On ev’ry trifle. Shakefp. K. Lear.
If any lack wifdom, let him afk of God, that giveth libe-1
rally, and upbraideth not. fa. i. 5.
Be afhamed of upbraiding fpeeches before friends : and
after thou haft given upbraid not. EcCluf. xli. 22.
5. To bring reproach upon ; to fhew faults by being in a ftate
of comparifon.
Ah, my fon, how evil fits it me to have fuch a fon, and
how much doth thy kindnefs upbraid my wickednefs ? Sidney.
The counfel which I cannot take,
Inftead of healing, but upbraids my weaknefs. Addifon.
6. To treat with contempt. Not in ufe.
There alfo was that mighty monarch laid,
Low under all, yet above all in pride ;
That name of native fire did foul upbraid,
And would, as Ammon’s fon, be magnify’d. Fairy Queen.
Upbr a/idingly. adv. By way of reproach.
The time was, when men would learn and ftudy good
things, not envy thofe that had them. Then men were had
in price for learning ; now letters only make men vile. He
is upbraidingly called a poet, as if it were a contemptible nick¬
name. B. Johnfon.
To Upbra/v. v. a. [A word formed from upbraid by Spenfer,
for the fake of a rhyming termination.] To flume.
Vile knight.
That knights and knighthood doft with ftiame upbray,
And fhew’ft th’ enfample of thy childifh might,
With filly, weak, old women thus to fight. Spenfer.
UpbRo/ught. part. paff. of upbring. Educated ; nurtured.
Divinely wrought,
And of the brood of angels, beav’nly born.
And with the crew of bleffed faints upbrought,
Each of which did her with her gifts adorn. Spenfer.
Upha'nd. adj. [up and hand.] Lifted by the hand.
The tiphand fledge is ufed by underworkmen, when the work
is not of the lar^eft, yet requires help to batter. They ufe it
with both their hands before them, and fcldom lift their ham¬
mer higher than their head. Maxon's Mech. Exer.
U'pcast. [Participle from to cafl up. The verb to upcajl is not
in ufe.] Thrown upwards.
Beafts with upcajl eyes forfake their (hade.
And gaze, as if 1 were to be obey’d. Dryden.
Upc A ST.
UPH U P o
'Con.
Old Saturn, here with i/pcaji eyes,
Beheld his abdicated fkies. Ac (ij
U^PCAST. n.f A term of howling ; a throw ; a ca •
Was there ever man had luch luck? when >s ie
jack, upon an upcajl to be hit away ! Sha 'efp. ym e me.
To Upga'ther. t/.a. [up and gather."] To contra .
Himfelf he clofe upgather’d more and more
Into his den, that his deceitful train,
By his there being might not be bcwraid,
Ne any noife, ne any queftion made. .
Ufhe'ld. pret. and part. paff. of uphold. Ma.nta.ned s fuftamed.
He who reigns
Monarch in heav’n, ’till then, as one fecure.
Sat on his throne, upheld by old repute. Milton.
Uphi'll. adj. {up and hill.] Difficult; like the labour o
climbing an bill*
What an ^///labour muft it be to a learner, who has
thofe firft rudiments to mafter at twenty years of age, which
others are taught at ten. UartJJa.
To Upho/ard. v.a. [up and hoard.] To treafure ; to itoie,
to accumulate in private places.
Heaps of huge words uphoarded hideoufly
With horrid found, though having little lenfe,
They think to be chief praife of poetry ;
And thereby wanting due intelligence.
Have marr’d the face of goodly poefie.
And made a monfter of their fantafie. bpenjer.
If thou haft uphoarded in thy life
Extorted treafure, in the womb of earth,
Speak of it. • ,
ToUphoTd. v. a. prefer. upheld\ and part, pal[.upheld, and
upholden. [up and hold.]
1. To lift on high. , , .
The mournful train with groans and hands upheld,
Befought his pity. ,
2. To fupport; to fuftain ; to keep from falling.
While life upholds this arm,
This arm upholds the houfe of Lancafter. . a CJP%
This great man found no means to continue and uphold
his ill-purchafed greatnefs, but by rejeding the Englifh law,
and affirming, in lieu thereof, the barbarous cuftoms of the
j b Davies’s Ireland.
Poetry and painting were upheld by the ftrength of lmaginaJ Dryden s Dufrejnoy.
o. To keep from declenfion.
There is due from the judge to the advocate fome com¬
mendation, where caufes are fair pleaded ; for that upholds in
the client the reputation of his council, and beats down in
him the conceit of his caufe. f*
Never was a time, when the interpofition of the magiftrate
was more neceffary, to fecure the honour of religion, and
uphold the authority ofthofe great principles, by which his own
authority is beft upheld. Attcrbury.
4. To fupport in any ftate of life.
Many younger brothers have neither lands nor means to
uphold themfel.es. R‘>l“Sh
e. To continue; to keep from defeat.
Divers, although peradventure not willing ,to be yoked
with.elderffiips, yet were contented to uphold opposition againit
biffiops, not without greater hurt to the courfe of thd^wlmle
proceedings. ,
6. To keep from being loft.
Faulconbridge.
In fpite of fpite, alone upholds the day. Sbakefpeare.
7. To continue without failing. . A deaf perfon, by obferving the motions of another mans
mouth, knows what he fays, and upholds a current communi¬
cation of difeourfe with him. UoIcier.
8. To continue in being. , , . , c . .
As Nebuchodnofor liveth, who hath fent thee for he up¬
holding of every living thing. Judith x1. 7.
A due proportion is held betwixt the parts, as well in t.*
r natural body of man, as the body politick ot the ftate, or
the upholding of the whole. Hakewill.
Upholder, n. f. [from uphold.]
1. A fupporter.
Suppofe then Atlas ne’er fo wife;
Yet when the weight of kingdoms lies
Too long upon his fingle {houlders.
Sink down he muft, or find upholders. owiji.
2. A fuftainer in being. .
The knowledge thereof is fo many manuduaions to the
knowledge and admiration of the infinite vvildoin o t ie crea
tor and upholder of them. a c‘
9. An undertaker; one who provides for funerals.
The company of upholders have a right upon the bodies o
the fubjccls. ' . ,, Muthnot.
Where the brafs knocker wrapt in flannel band,
Forbids the thunder of the footman’s hand ;
1 h’ upholder, rueful harbinger of death.
Waits with impatience for the dying breath. Cay.
Upholsterer, n.f. [A corruption of upholder,f One who
furnifhes houles; one who fits up apartments with ueus a: d
If a corner of the hanging wants a fingle nail, fend for
the upholjlerer. Sw^t.
Mere wax as yet, you fafhion him with eafe.
Your barber, cook, upholjlerer. Pope.
U'pland. n.f. [up and land.] Higher ground.
Men at firft, aiter the flood, liv’d in the uplands and fides
of the mountains, and by degrees funk into the plains. Bu net.
U'PLAND. adj. Higher in fituation.
Thofe in Cornwall do no more by nature than others elfewhere by choice, conceive them.ielves an elfranged fociery
from the upland dwellers, and carry an emulation agamft
then). Carew's Survey of Cornwall,
Sometimes with fecure delight.
The upland Hamlets will invite. Milton.
Upla'ndish. adj. [from upland.] Mountainous; inhabiting
mountains. _
Lion-like, uplandijh, ana mere wild,
Slave to his pride ; and ail his nerves being naturally compil’d
Of eminent ftrength; ftalks out and preys upon a filly
pieep_ Chapman s Iliads.
To Upla'y. v. a. [up and lay.] Tohoaru ; to lay up.
We are but farmers ot ourfelves ; yet may,
If we can flock ourfelves and thrive, uplay
Much, much good treafure for the great rent-day. Donne.
To Upli ft, v. a. [up and lift.] 'To raife aloft.
Mechanick flaves.
With erreafy aprons, rules, and hammers, fliall
Uplift us to the view. Shakejp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
The baniffi’d Bolingbroke repeals himfelf.
And, with uplifted arms, is lafe arriv d
At Ravenfpurg. Shakefp. Rich. II.
Together both, with next t’ almighty arm
Uplifted imminent, one ftroke they aim’d. Milton.
Satan talking to his neareft mate.
With head uplift above the wave, and eyes
That fparkling blaz’d. Miltons Par. Lojl, b. i.
When by juft vengeance guilty mortals periffi.
The gods behold their puniffiment with pleafure, _
And lay th’ uplifted thunder-bolt afide. Addifon s Caio.
Sonss, fonnets, epigrams, the winds uplift.
And whifk them back to Evans, Young and Swift. Pope.
U'pmost. adj. [ an irregular fuperlative formed from up. j
Higheft; topmoft.
Away ! ye fkum.
That ftill rife upmojl when the nation boils ;
That have but juft enough of fenfe to know
The mafter’s voice, when rated to depart. Dryden.
Upo'n. prep, [up and on.]
1. Not under ; noting being on the top or outfiae.
As I did ftand my watch upon the hill,
I look’d toward Birnamj and anon methought
The v/ood began to move. Shakefp. Alacbeth.
2. Thrown over the body, as cloaths.
I have feen her rife from her bed, throw her night-gown
upon her. _ _ Shakefp. Mubeth.
3. By way of imprecation or infliction.
Hard-hearted Clifford ! take me from the world ;
My foul to heav’n, my blood upon your heads. Sbakefpeare.
4. It expreffes obteftation, or proteftation.
How ? that I fhould murder her ?
Upon the love, and truth, and vows, which I
Have made to thy command ! — I, her ! —her blood . Shak.
c. It is ufed to exprefs any hardffiip or mifehief.
If we would neither impofe upon ourfelves, nor others,
we muft lay afide that fallacious method of cenfuring by the.
Burnet.
^ ^P* • 1 “ /*
6. In confequence of. Now little in ufe.
Let me not find you before me again upon any complaint
whatfoever. Shakefp. Meafurefor Meajure.
Then the princes of Germany had but a dull fear of the
o-reatnefs of Spain, upon a general apprehenfion of the am¬
bitious defigns of that nation. . Bacon.
They were entertained with the greateft magnificence that
could be, upon no greater warning. Bacon.
I wiffi it may not be concluded, left, upon fecond cogita¬
tions, there fhould be caufe to alter. ^ Bacon.
Thefe forces took hold of divers ; in fome upon difeontent,
in fome upon ambition, in fome upon levity, and defire of
change, and in fome few upon confcience and belief, butin molt
upon fimplicity ; and in divers out of dependancc upon lome
the better fort', who did in fecret favour thefe bruits. Bacon.
He made a great difference between people that did rebel
upon wantonnefs, and them that did rebel upon want. Bacon.
t Upon pity, they were taken away, upon jgnorancethey areagain demanded. , .. ayu-jr
Promifes can be of no force, unlefs they be believed to be
conditional, and unlefs that duty propofol to be inforced by
them, be acknowledged to be part ot that condition, upon
1 per-
upo UPR
performance of which thofe promifesdo, and upon the negleift
of which thofe promifes thall not belong to any. Hammond.
The earl of Cleveland, a man of fignal courage, and an
excellent officer upon any bold enterprife, advanced. Clarendon.
The king had no kindnefs for him upon an old account,
as remembering the part he had adled againfl the earl of
Strafford. Clarendon, b. viii.
Though fin offers itfclf in never fo ple’afing and alluring a
drefs at firft, yet the remorfe and inward regrets of the foul,
upon the connniffion of it, infinitely overbalance thofe faint
and tranfient gratifications. South's Sermons.
The common corruption of human nature, upon the bare
flock of its original depravation, does not ulually proceed
fo far. South'i Sermons.
When we make judgments upon general prefumptions,
they are made rather from the temper of our own fpirit, than
from reafon. Burnet.
’Tis not the thing that is done, but the intention in doing
it, that makes good or evil. There’s a great difference betwixt
what we do upon force, and what upon inclination. L'Ejlrange.
The determination of the will upon enquiry, is following
the direction of that guide. Locke.
There broke out an irreparable quarrel between their pa¬
rents ; the one valuing himfelf too much upon his birth, and
the other upon his pofleffions. Spectator, N° 164.
The defign was difeovered by a perfon, as much noted for
his fkill in gaming, as in politicks, upon the bafe, mercenary
end of getting money by wagers. Swijt.
6. In immediate confequence of.
Waller fhould not make advantage upon that enterprize,
to find the way open to him to march into the weft. Clarendon.
A louder kind of found was produced by the impetuous
eruptions of the halituous flames of the falt-petre, upon call¬
ing a live coal thereon. Boyle.
So far from taking little advantages againfl us for every
failing, that he is willing to pardon our moft wilful mifearriages, upon our repentance and amendment. Tillotfon.
Upon leffening intereft to four per cent, you fall the price of
your native commodities, or leflen your trade. Locke.
The mind, upon the luggeftion of any new notion, runs
immediately after fimilies, to make it the clearer. Locke.
If, upon the perufal of fuch writings, he does not find
himfelf delighted ; or if, upon reading the admired paffages in
fuch authors, he finds a coldnefs and indifference in his
thoughts, he ought to conclude, that he wants the faculty of
difeovering them. Spectator* N° 409.
This advantage we loft upon the invention offire-arms. Adclif
y. In a ftate of view.
Is it upon record ? or elfe reported
Succeffively, from age to age ? Shakefp. Rich. III.
The next heroes we meet with upon record were Romulus
Nunia. Temple.
The atheifts taken notice of among the antients, are left
branded upon the records of hiflory. Locke.
8. Suppofing a thing granted.
If you fay neceffity is the mother of arts and inventions,
and there was no neceffity before, and therefore thefe things
were flowly invented, this is a good anfwer upon our fuppofition. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
9. Relating to a fubjedl.
Ambitious Conftance would not ceafe,
’Till fhe had kindled France, and all the world.
Upon the right and party of her fon. Shakefp. K. John.
Yet when we can intreat an hour to ferve,
Would fpend it in fome words upon that bufinefs,
If you would grant the time. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Upon this, I remember a ftrain of refined civility, that
when any woman went to fee another of equal birth, fhe
worked at her own work in the other’s houfe. Temple.
10. With refpedl to.
The king’s fervants, who were fent for, were examined
upon all queltions propofed to them. Dryden.
11. In confideration of.
Upon the whole matter, and humanly fpeaking, I doubt
there was a fault fomewhere. Dryden.
Upon the whole, it will be neceflary to avoid that perpetual
repetition of the fame epithets which we find in Homer. Pope.
12. In noting a particular day.
Conftantia he looked upon as given away to his rival, upon
the day on which their marriage was to be folemnized. Addifon.
13. Noting reliance or truft.
We now may boldly fpend upon the hope
Of what is to come in. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
God commands us, by our dependance upon his truth and
his holy word, to believe a fadl that we do not underftand :
and this is no more than what we do every day in the works
of nature, upon the credit of men of learning. Swift.
14. Near to ; noting fituation.
The enemy lodged themfelves at Aldermaftoh, and thofe
from Newberry and Reading, in two other villages upon the
river Kcnnet, over "which he was to pafs, Clarendon,
The Lucquefe plead prefeription for hunting in one of the
duke’s forefts, that lies upon their frontiers. AddijOn.
15. On pain of.
T o Inch a ridiculous degree of trufting her fhe had brought
him, that fhe caufed him fend us word, that upon our lives
we fhould do whatfoever fhe commanded us. Sidney, b. ii.
16. At the time of; on occafion of.
Impartially examine the merits and conduct of the prefbyterians upon thefe two great events, and the pretenfions to fa¬
vour which they challenge upon them. Swifti
17* By inference from.
Without it, all difeourfes of government and obedience,
upon his principles, would be to no purpofe. Locke.
18. Noting attention.
He prefently loft the fight of what he was upon ; his mind
was filled with diforder and confufion. Locke.
19. Noting particular pace.
Provide ourfelves of the virtuofo’s fiddle* which will be
fure to amble, when the world is upon the hardeft trot. Dryden.
20. Exadlly; according to.
In goodly form comes on the enemy;
And by the ground they hide, I judge the number
Upon or near the rate of thirty thoufand. Shahefpcere.
21. By; noting the means of fupport.
Upon a clofer infpedlion of thefe bodies, the fhells are
affixed to the furfaces of them in fuch a manner, as bodies,
lying on the fea-fhores, upon which they live. Woodward.
U'pper. adj. [a comparative from up.]
1. Superiour in place; higher.
. Give the forehead a majeftick grace, the mouth fmilins;;
which you fhall do by making a thin upper lip, and fhadowing the mouth line a little at the corners. Peacham.
Our knight did bear no lefs a pack
Of his own buttocks on his back ;
Which now had almoft got the upper
Hand of his head, for want of crupper. Hudibras*
The underftanding was then clear, and the foul’s upper
region lofty and ferene, free from the vapours of the inferior
affedlions. South's Set mans.
With fpeed to night repair : }
For not the gods, nor angry Jove will bear C
Thy lawlefs wand’ring walks in upper air. Dryden. j
Deep as the dark infernal waters lie.
From the bright regions of the chearful fky ;
So far the proud afeending rocks invade
Heav’n’s upper realms, and call a dreadful {hade. Addifon.
2. Higher in power.
The like corrupt and unreafonable cuftom prevailed far,
and got the upper-hand of right reafon with the greateft
part. Hooker, b. i.
Uppermost, adj. [fuperlative from upper.]
1. Higheft in place.
The waters, called the waters above the heavens, are
but the clouds, and waters engendered in the upperrnojl
air. Raleigh.
In all things follow nature, not painting clouds in the
bottom of your piece, and waters in the upperrnojl
parts. Dryden.
2. Higheft in power or authority.
The lower powers are gotten upperrnojl, and we fee like
men on our heads, as Plato obferved of old, that on the right
hand, which is indeed on our left. Glanville.
’Tis all one to the common people who’s upperrnojl. L'Ejir.
This fpecies of diferetion will carry a man fafe through all
parties, fo far, that whatever faction happens to be upperrnojl,
his claim is allowed for a {hare. Swift.
3. Predominant; moft powerful.
As in perfumes compos’d with art and coft,
’Tis hard to fay what feent is upperrnojl;
Nor this part mufk or civet can we call.
Or amber, but a rich relult of all;
So {he was all a fweet. Dryden,
U'ppish. aelj. [from up.] Proud ; arrogant. A low word.
To Upra'ise. v. a. [up and raife.J To raife up ; to exalt.
This would interrupt his joy
In our confufion, and our joy upraife
In his difturbance. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. ii.
To Upre'ar, v. a. [up and rear.] To rear on high.
Pleav’n-born charity ! thy bleffings fhed ;
Bid meagre want uprear her fickly head. Gay.
Upri'ght. adj. [up and right. This word, with its derivatives,
is in profe accented on the firft lyllable ; but in poetry feems
to be accented indifferently on the firft or fecond.J
I. Straight up; perpendicularly ere&.
Comb down his hair; look ! look ! it Hands upright. Ska*
They are upright as the palm-tree. * Jer x.
In the morning, taking of fomewhat of eafy digeftion,
as milk, furthers nourilhment: but this would be done fitting
upright, that the milk may pafs more fpeedily to the ftomach. Baeon's Nat. Hijl.
3°
A tr£e
U P R
A tree at firft fetting, fhould not be (baleen ; and therefore
put two little forks about the bottom of your trees, to keep
them upright. Bacon s A at. H'jl.
Circe, the daughter of the fun ; whofe charms
Whoever tailed loll his upright fhape, _
And downward fell into a grov’ling iwine. Miiton.
Forthwith upright he rears from off the pool
His mighty ftature. Milton s Par. Lojl, b. i.
You have the orthography, or upright of this ground-plat,
and the explanation thereof, with a fcale of feet and
inches. Moxoris Mech. Exer.
2. Ere»51ed ; pricked up.
All have their ears upright, waiting when the watchword
(hall come that they fhould all arife unto rebellion. Spenfer.
Stood’Theodore furpriz’d in deadly fright,
With chatt’ring teeth, and bridling hair upright. Drydcn.
3. Honed ; not declining from the right.
Such neighbour nearnefs fhou’d not partialize
Th’ undooping firmnefs of my upright foul. Sbakefpcare.
How had thou indill’d
Thy malice into thoufands, once upright
And faithful, now prov’d falfe ! Milton's Par. Lojl.
The mod upright of mortal men was he ;
The mod fincere, and holy woman, (he. Drydcn.
U'prightly. adv. [from upright.']
1. Perpendicularly to the horizon.
2. Honedly ; without deviation from the right.
Men by nature apter to rage than deceit; not greatly am¬
bitious, more than to be well and uprightly dealt with. Sidney.
Princes in judgment, and their delegate judges, mud judge
the caufes of all perfons uprightly and impartially, without
any perfonal confideration. Taylor.
To live uprightly then is fure the bed.
To fave ourfelves, and not to damn the red. Drydcn.
Uprightness, n.f. [from upright.]
1. Perpendicular ereidion.
So the fair tree, which dill preferves
Her fruit and date, while no wind blows.
In dorms from that upightnejs £werves.
And the glad earth about her drows
With treafure from her yielding boughs. Waller.
2. Honedy; integrity.
Thehypocrite bends his principles and pradlice to the fafhion
of a corrupt world ; but the truly upright man is inflexible in
his uprightnefs, and unalterable in his purpofe. Atteibury.
To Upri'se. v. n. [up and rife ]
1. To rife from decumbiture.
Early, before the morn with crimfon ray.
The windows of bright heaven opened had,
Through which into the world the dawning day
Might look, that maketh every creature glad,
Uprofe Sir Gyon. Fairy Sheen, b. ii.
Thouknowed my down-fitting and mineuprifing. Pf.cxxxix.
Uprofe the virgin with the morning light.
Obedient to the vifion of the night. Pope.
2. To rife from below the horizon.
Uprofe the fun. Cowley.
3. To rife with acclivity.
Was that the king that fpurr’d his horfe fo hard
Againd the deep uprifing of the hill ? Shakefpeare.
Uprise n.f Appearance above the horizon.
Did ever raven fing fo like a lark.
That gives fweet tidings of the fun’s uprife? Shakefpeare.
U'PHOAR. n.f [oproer, Dutch. This word likewife is ac¬
cented oil the fird fyllable in profe ; in verfe, indifferently on
either.} Tumult; budle; didurbance; confufion.
The Jews which believed not, fet all the city on an
uproar. XV1'- 5*
It were well if his holinefs had not fet the world in an
uproar, by nouridling of war. _ Raleigh.
He levied forces in a diiorder d uproar, albeit the treafon
reded in him and fome other his complices. Hayward.
Others with vad Typhaean rage more fell,
Rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air
In whirlwind : hell fcarce holds the wild uproar. Milton.
Horror thus prevail’d.
And wild uproar ! ah, who at length will end
This long pernicious fray ? Philips.
The impiety of this fentiment fet the audience in an up¬
roar ; and made Socrates, though an intimate friend of the
poet, go out of the theatre with indignation. Addifm.
To U'proar. v. a. [from the noun.J To throw into confufion.
Not in ufe.
Had I power, I diould
Pour the fweet milk of concord into hell,
Uproar the univerfal peace, confound
All unity on earth. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
To U'PROOT. v. a. [up and root.] To tear up by the root.
Orpheus could lead the favage race,
And trees uprooted left their place.
UPS
Sequacious of the lyre :
But bright Cecilia rais’d the wonder higher;
When to her organ vocal breath was giv’11,
An angel heard, and draight appear’d,
Midaking earth for heav’n. Drydetl.
To UproTse. v. a. [up and roufe.} To waken from fleep ;
to excite to action.
Thou art uprous'd by fome didemperature. Shakefpeare.
U'pshot. n f [up and Jhot.] Concluiion ; end ; laft amount;
final event.
With this he kindleth his ambitious fpightc
To like defire and praife of noble fame,
The only upjhot, whereto he doth aim. Hubbard's Tale.
I cannot purfue with any fafety this lport to the upjhot. khak.
In this upjhot, purpofes midook
Fall on th’ inventor’s heads. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
Every leading demonlfration to the main upjhot of all,
which is the proportion betwixt the fphere and cylinder, is a
pledge of the wit and reafon of that mathematician. More.
Upon the upjhot, afflictions are but the methods of a merci¬
ful providence, to force us upon the only means of fetting
matters right. L'EJlrange.
Here is an end of the matter, fays the prophet: here is the
upjhot and refult of all; here terminate both the prophecies
of Daniel and St. John. Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
Let’s now make an end of matters peaceably, as we (hall
quickly come to the upjhot of our affair. Arbuthnot.
At the upjhot, after a life of perpetual application, to re¬
flect that you have been doing nothing for yourfelf, and that
the fame or lefs induftry might have gained you a friendfhip
that can never deceive or end ; a glory, which, though not
to be had till after death, yet (hall be felt and enjoy’d to eter¬
nity. Pope.
U'pside down, [an adverbial form of fpeech.] With total reveriement; in complete diforder ; with the lower part above
the higher.
In his lap a mafs of coin he told.
And turned upfde down to feed his eye.
And covetous defire, with his huge treafure. Fairy jfueen.
The flood did not fo turn upfde down the face of the earth,
as thereby it was made pad knowledge, after the waters were
decreafed. Raleigh's Hif. ofthe IFond.
The fevere notions of chriftianity turned all this upfde
down, filling all with furprize and amazement. They came
upon the world, like light darting full upon the face of a
man afleep, who had a mind not to be didurbed. South.
UYspring. n.f. [up and fpring.] This word feems to fignify
updart; a man fuddenly exalted.
The king doth wake to-night, and takes his roufe y
Keeps waffel, and the fwagg’ring upfpring reels. Shakefp:
To Upsta'nd. v. n. [up and Jiand.] To be eredfed.
Sea calves unwonted to frefh rivers fly ;
The water fnakes with feales upfanding die. May.
To Upsta/y. v. a. [up andfay.] To fuffain ; to fupport.
Them (he upfays
Gently with myrtle band ; mindlefs the while
Herfelf, though faireft unfupported flow’r. Milton.
To Upsta'rt. v. n. [up and fart.] To fpring up fud¬
denly.
He upfarted brave
Out of the w’ell, wherein he drenched lay.
As eagle frefh out of the ocean wave, Spenfer.
Thus having fpoke, he fat; thus anfwer’d then,
Upfarting from his throne, the king of men.
His bread: with fury fill’d. Dryden.
UYstart. n.f. [up and fart.] One fuddenly raifed to wealth
power, or honour ; what fuddenly riles and appears.
Two hundred in a place will be enough for the fafeguard
of that country, and keeping under all ludden upfarts, that
(hall feek to trouble the peace thereof. Spenfer's Ireland.
My rights and royalties
Pluckt from my arms perforce, and given away
To upfart unthrifts. Shakefpeare.
Mufhrooms have two ftrange properties ; the one, that
they yield fo delicious a meat; the other, that they come up
fo haflily, even in a night, and yet they are unlown : and
therefore fuch as are upfarts in date, they call in reproach
mufhrooms. Bacon's Nat. Hif•
The king did not negledt Ireland, the foil where thefc
mufhrooms and upfart weeds, that fpring up in a night,
did chiefly profper. Bacon.
A place of blifs
In the purlieus of heav’n, and therein plac’d
A race of upfart creatures, to fupply ..
Perhaps our vacant room. Milton s Par. Lof, b. n.
Inordinate defires,
And upfart paffions, catch the government
From reafon. Milton s Par. Lojl.
Mean upjlarts, when they come once to be preferred, for¬
get their fathers. L Bfjange*
TP
U R C U R G
TraJd, he faid, carried from us the commodities of our
country, and made a parcel of upjlarts, as rich as men of
the moil antient families. Addifons Freeholder, N° 22.
To Upswa rm. v. a. [up and /warm.J To raife in a fwarm.
Out of ufe.
You’ve taken up the fubjefts of my father ;
And both againft the voice of hcav’n and him
Have here upjwamid them. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
To Upta'ke. v. a. [up and take.] To take into the hands.
He hearkned to his reafon, and the child
XJptaking, to the palmer gave to bear. Fairy Queen.
To Uptra'in. v. a. [up and train.] To bring up; to edu¬
cate. Not ufed.
King Lear in happy peace long reign’d.
But had no iffue male him to fucceed.
But three fair daughters, which were well uptrain'd
In all that feem’d fit for kingly feed. Fairy Queen.
To Uptu'rn. v. a. [up and turn.] To throw up ; to furrow.
So feented the grim feature, and upturn’d
His noftrils wide into the murky air. Milton.
Beyond all marks, with many a giddy round
Down rufhing, it upturns a hill of ground. Pope.
U'PWARD. adj. [up and peayb, Saxon.] Directed to a higher part.
Spread upon a lake, with upward eye,
A plump of fowl behold their foe on high. Dryden.
The angel faid,
With upward fpeed his agile wings he fpread. Prior.
Upward, n.f. The top. Out of ufe.
From th’ extreameft upward of thy head.
To the defeent and duft below thy foot,
A mod toad-fpotted traitor. Shakefp. K. Lear.
\odv- an&jjeapb.]
j. Towards a higher place.
I thought
To fmooth your paliage, and to foften death :
For I would have you, when you upward move,
Speak kindly of me to our friends above. Dryden.
In fheets of rain the fky defeends,
And ocean fwell’d with waters upwards tends j
One rifing, falling one ; the heav’ns and lea
Meet at their confines, in the middle way. Dryden.
A man on a cliff, is at liberty to leap twenty yards down¬
wards into the fea, not becaufe he has power to do the con¬
trary adtion, which is to leap twenty yards upwards, for that
he cannot do; but he is therefore free, becaufe he has a
power to leap, or not to leap. Locke.
2. Towards heavfii and God.
Looking inward, we are ftricken dumb ; looking upward,
we fpeak and prevail. Hooker, b. v.
3. With refpedt to the higher part.
Dagon, fea-monfter ! upward man,
And downward filh. Milton’s Par. Lojl, b, i.
4. More than ; with tendency to a higher or greater number.
Their counfel mull feem very unfeafonable, who advife
men now to fufpect that, wherewith the world hath had, by
their own account, twelve hundred years acquaintance and
upwards, enough to take away fufpicion. Hooker, b. v.
I have been your wife in this obedience
Upward of twenty years ; and have been bleft
With many children by you, Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
5. Towards the fource.
Be Homer s works your ftudy ;
Thence form your judgment, thence your notions bring.
And trace the mufes upward to their fpring. Pope.
To Upwi'nd. v. a. pret. and paff. upwound. [up and wind.]
To convolve.
As fhe lay upon the dirty ground,
Her huge long tail her den all overfpread ;
Yet was in knots and many boughts upwound. Fa. Queen.
Urbanity, n.f [urbanite, Fr. urbanitas, Lat.] Civility ; ele¬
gance ; politenefs; merriment 3 facetioufnefs.
A ruftical feverity banifhes all urbanity, whofe harmlefs
condition is confident with religion. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
Raillery is the fauce of civil entertainment; and without
fome fuch tin&ure of urbanity, good humour falters. L’Efr.
Moral doclrine, and urbanity, or well-mannered wit, conftitute the Roman fatire. Dryden.
LFrchin. n.f. [hcureuchin, Armorick; erinaceus, Lat.J
I.A hedge-hog.
Urchins {hall, for that vaft of night that they may work.
All exercife on thee. Shakefpeare’s Tempef.
A thoufand fiends, a thoufand hilling fnakes,
Ten thoufand fwelling toads, as many urchins,
Would make fuch fearful and .confufed cries,
As any mortal body, hearing it.
Would ffraight fall mad. Shakefp. Titus Audioniats.
That nature defigns the prefervation of the more infirm
creatures, by the defenfive armour it hath given them, is
demonftrable in the common hedge-hog, or urchin. Ray.
2. A name of /light anger to a child.
Pleas’d Cupid heard, and check’d his mother’s pride:
And who’s blind now, mamma? the urchin cry’d.
’Tis Cloe’s eye, and cheek, and lip, and breaft :
Friend Howard’s genius fancy’d all the reft. Prior.
Urf.. n.f. Pradlice ; ufe; habit, Obfolete.
Is the warrant fufficient for any man’s confcience to build
fuch proceedings upon, as are and have been put in ure fof
the eftublilhment of that caufe r Hooker.
He would keep his hand in ure with femewhat of greater
value, till he was brought to juftice, L'Ejlrange.
tJ'RETER. n.f. [uretere,Fr.] Ureters are two long arid fmall canals
from the bafon of the kidnies, one on each fide. 1 hey lie be¬
tween the doubling of the peritonaeum, and defeending in the
form of an S, pierce the bladder near its neck, where they
run firft fome fpace betwixt its coats, and then they open
in its cavity. T heir ufe is to carry the urine from the
kidnies to the bladder. Quincy.
The kidnies and ureters ferve for expurgation. IViJeman.
tJ'RETHRA. n.f. [uretre, Fr ] The paffage of the urine.
Caruncles are loofe flefh, arifing in the urethra. Wifeman.
To Urge. v. a. [urgeo, Lat.]
1. To incite ; to pufh.
You do miftake your bufinefs : my brother
Did urge me in his a£l. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
He pleaded ftill not guilty;
The king’s attorney, on the contrary,
Urg’d on examinations, proofs, confeffions,
Of divers wimeffes. Shakefp. Hen. VIII,
What I have done my fafety urg’d me to. Shakefpeare.
This urges me to fight, and fires my mind. Dryden.
High Epidaurus urges on my fpeed, ,
Fam’d for his hills, and for his horfes breed. Dryden.
The heathens had but uncertain apprehenfioris ofwliat urges
men moll powerfully to forfake their fins. Tillotjon.
He, feiz’d with horror, in the fhadcs of night.
Through the thick defarts headlong urg’d his flight. Pope.
2. To provoke ; to exafperate.
Urge not my father’s angef, Fglamour,
But think upon my grief. Shakefpeare.
3. To follow dole, fo as to iinpell.
Man ? and for ever ? wretch ! what wouldft thou have ?
Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave. Pope.
4. To labour vehemently.
5. Toprefs; to enforce.
The enemy’s in view ; draw up your powers;
• Your hafte is now urg’d on you. Shakefpeare.
Urge your petitions in the ftreet. Shakefp. Jul. Cafar.
And great Achilles urge the Trojan fate. Dryden.
6. Toprefs as an argument.
Urge the neceflity and ftate of times.
And be not peevilh. Shakefpeare'"s Rich. III.
7. To importune; to folicit.
He urged fore,
With piercing words and pitiful implore,
Him hafty to arife. Fairy Queen, b. ii.
8. To prefs in oppofition, by way of obje&ion.
Though every man have a right in dilpute to urge a falfe
religion, with all its abfurd conlequences ; yet it is barbarous
incivility fcurriloully to fport with that which others accourit
religion. Tillotfon.
To Urge. v. n. To prefs forward.
A palace, when ’tis that which it fhould be.
Stands fuch, or elfe decays :
But he which dwells there is not fo ; for he
Strives to urge upward, and his fortune raife. Donnes
U'rgency, n.f [from urgent.] Preffure of difficulty or neceffityi v ,
Being for fome hours extremely preffed by the neceffiti®s of
nature, I was under great difficulties between urgency arid
fhamc. Gulliver s Travels.
Urgent, adj. [urgent, Fr. urgens, Lat.]
1. -Cogent; preffing; violent.
Things fo ordained are to be kept; howbeit not neceffarily,
any longer than till there grow fome urgent caufe to ordain
the contrary. Hooker, b. iv.
Not alone
The death of Fulvia, but more urgent touches,
Do ftrongly fpeak t’ us. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
This ever hath been that true caufe of more wars, than
upon all other occafions; though it leaft partakes of the urgeht
neceffity of ftate. Raleigh.
Let a father feldom ftrike, but upon very urgent neceffity,
and as the laft remedy. Locke on Education.
2. Importunate ; vehement in folicitatron.
The Egyptians were urgent upon the' people, that they
might fend them out in hafte. Exod. xii. 33,
Urgently, adv. [from urgent.] Cogently; violently; vehe*
mently; importunately.
Acrimony
/
u s
Acrimony in their blood, and afflux of humours to their
lungs, urgently indicate phlebotomy. Harvey.
U/rger. n.J. [fromurge.] One who preffles; importuner.
I wifh Pope were as great an urgcr as I. Swift.
U/RGF.wonder, n.f A fort of grain.
This barley is called by fome urgewondcr. Mortimer.
U'rim. n.f.
Urim and thummim were fomething in Aaron s breaftplate ; but v/hat, criticks and commentators are by no means
agreed. The word urim fignifies light, and thummim per¬
fection. It is moft probable that they were only names given
to fiernify the clearnefs and certainty of the divine anfwers
which were obtained by the high prieft confulting God with
his breaft-plate on, in contradiftin&ion to the obfeure, enig¬
matical uncertain, and imperfeCt anfwers of the heathen
oracles/ Newton’s Notes on Milton.
He in coeleftial panoply, all arm’d
Of radiant urim, work divinely wrought. Milton.
U'rinal. n.f [urinal, Fr. from urine.] A bottle, in which
water is kept for infpeCtion.
Thefe follies fliine through you, like the water in an urinal, ShakeJ'peare’s Two Gentlemen of Verona.
A candle out of a mufket will pierce through an inch
board, or an urinal force a nail though a plank. Brown.
This hand, when glory calls.
Can brandifli arms, as well as urinals. Garth.
Some with lcymitars in their hands, and others with uri¬
nals, ran to and fro. Spectator, N° 159.
U rinary, adj. [from urine.] Relating to the urine.
The urachos or ligamentous paflage is derived from the
bottom of the bladder, whereby it difehargeth the waterifh
and urinary part of its contents. Brown s Vulg. Errours.
Diureticks that relax the urinary paflages, fhould be tried
before fuch as ftimulate. Arhuthnot on Aliments.
U'rinative. adj. Working by urine; provoking urine.
Medicines urinative do not work by rejection andindigeftion,
as folutive do. Bacon s Nat. Hiji.
Urina'tor. n.f. [urinateur, Fr. urinator, Lat.] A diver; one
who fearches under water.
The precious things that grow there, as pearl, may be
much more eafily fetched up by the help of this, than by any
other way of the urinators. Wilkins’s Math. Magic.
Thofe relations of urinators belong only to thofe places
where they have dived, which are always rocky. Ray.
U'RINE. n.f. [wine-, Fr. ivina, Lat.] Animal water.
Drink, 'Sir, is a great provoker of nofe-painting, deep,
and urine. _ Shaktfp'eare.
As though there were a feminality in urine, or that, like
the feed, it°carried with it the idea of every part, they foolifhly
believe we can vifibly behold therein the anatomy of every
particle. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
The chyle cannot pafs by urine nor fweat. Arhuthnot.
To U'rine. v.n. [miner, Fr. from the noun.] To make
water.
Places where men urine commonly, have fome fmell of
•violets. Bacon’s Nat. HiJl.
No oviparous animal, which fpawn or lay eggs, doth urine,
except the tortoife. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
U'rinous. mdj. [from urine.] Partaking of urine.
The putrid matter being diftilled, affords a water impreg¬
nated with an urinous fpirit, like that obtainable from animal
fubftances. Arhuthnot on Aliments.
Urn. n.f. [ume, Fr. uma, Lat.] _
1. Any veffel, of which the mouth is narrower than the body.
Minos, the ftritt inquilitor.
Lives, and crimes, with his affeffors, hears;
Round, in his urn, the blended balls he rolls ;
Abfolves the juft, and dooms the guilty fouls. _ Dryden.
2 A water pot; particularly that 111 the ftgn of Aquarius.
The fifti oppofe the maid, the watry urn
With adverfe fires fees raging Leo burn. Creech.
3. The vefTcl in which the remains of burnt bodies were put.
Or lay thefe bones in an unworthy urn,
Tomblefs, with no remembrance over them. Shakefpeare.
A ruftick digging in the ground by Padua, found an urn, or
earthen pot, in which there was another urn; and in this
lefter, a lamp clearly burning. Wilkins.
His fcatter’d limbs with my dead body burn ;
And once more join us in the pious urn. Dryden.
Uro'scopy. n.f [xp°v and <nc£7r?w.j Inlpedfion of uiine.
In this work, ’attempts will exceed performances ; it being
compofed by fnatches of time, as medical, vacations, and
urofeopy would permit. Browns Vulg. Knows.
U'rRY. «•/• A mineral.
In the coal-mines they dig a blue or black clay, that lies
near the coal, commonly called uny, which is an unripe
coal, and is very proper for hot lands, efpecially paftureground. Mortimer’s Hujbandry.
Us. the oblique cafe of we.
The lord made not this covenant with our fathers, but with
us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day. Dcut. v.
' USE
Many, O Lord, are thy wonderful works, and thy thoughts
which are to us ward. Pf. xl. 5.
U'SAGE. n.J. [ujage, Fr.]
1. Treatment.
Which way
Might’ft thou deferve, or they impofe this ufage.
Coming from us ? Shake/p. K. Lear*
The luftre in your eye, heav’n in your cheek,
Plead you fair ujage. ' Shakejp. Troll, and Crejftda.
My brother
Is prif’ner to the bifhop, at whofe hands
He hath good ufage, and great liberty. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
What ujage have I met with from .this adverfary, who
paffes by the very words I tranflated, and produces other paflages ; and then he&ors and cries out of my diftngenuity. Stil.
Are not hawks brought to the hand, and to the lure; and
lions reclaimed by good ujage ? L’EJhange.
Neptune took unkindly to be bound,
And Eurus never fuch hard ufage found
In his iEolian prifon. Dryden.
2. Cuftom ; practice long continued.
Of things once received and confirmed by ufe, long ujage
is a law fufficient: In civil affairs, when there is no other
law, cuftom itfelf doth ftand for law. Hooker, b. ii.
3. Manners ; behaviour. Obfolete.
A gentle nymph was found,
Hight Aftery, excelling all the crew.
In courteous ufage, and unftained hue. Spenfer.
U'sager. n.f. [ufager, Fr, from ufage.] One who has the
ufe of any thing in truft for another.
He confum’d the common treafury ;
Whereof he being the Ample ufager
But for the ftate, not in propriety.
Did alien t’ his minions. Daniel’s Civil War.
U'sance. n.f. [ufance, Fr.]
1. Ufe; proper employment.
What art thou,
That here in defert haft thine habitance,
And thefe rich heaps of wealth doft hide apart
From the world’s eye, and from her right ujancef Spenfer.
2. Ufury ; intereft paid for money.
He lends out money gratis, and brings down
The rate of ufance. Shakefp. Merch. of Venice.
Use. [ufus, Lat.]
1. The a<51 of employing any thing to any purpofe.
The fat of the beaft that dieth of itfelf, may be ufed in any
other ufe. . Lev. vii. 24.
Number, the mind makes ufe of in meafuring all things
by us meafurable. Locke.
Confider the hiftory, with what ufeour author makes ofit. Loc.
2. Qualities that make a thing proper for any purpofe.
Rice is of excellent ufe for illneffes of the ftomach, that
proceed from cold or moift humours; a great digefter and
reftorer of appetite. Temple,
3. Need of; occafion on which a thing can be employed.
This will fecure a father to my child ;
That done, I have no father ufe for life. A. Philips.
4. Advantage received ; power of receiving advantage.
More figures in a pidlure than are neceffary, our author
calls figures to be let; becaufe the picture has no ufe for
them. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
5. Convenience ; help.
DiftincI growth in knowledge, carries its own light in
every ftep of its progreffion ; than which nothing is of more
ufe to the underftanding. Locke.
Nothing would be of greater ufe towards the improvement
of knowledge and politenefs, than fome effectual method for
corre&ing, enlarging, and afeertaining our language. Swift.
When will my friendfhip be of ufe to thee ? A. Philips.
6. Ufage ; cuftomary a<5E
That which thofe nations did ufe, having been alfo in ufe
with others, the antient Roman laws do forbid. Hooker, b. iv.
He, that firft brought the word Ibam, wheedle, or banter
in ufe, put together, as he thought fit, thofe ideas he made
it ftand for. Loc-ke.
7. Practice ; habit.
Sweetnefs, truth, and ev’ry grace.
Which time and ufe are wont to teach.
The eye may in a moment reach,
And read diftindlly in her face. Waller.
8. Cuftom; common occurrence.
O Casfar ! thefe things are beyond all ufe.
And I do fear them. Shakejp. fullus Gafar,
9. Intereft; money paid for the ufe of money.
If it be good, thou haft received it from God, and then
thou art more obliged to pay duty and tribute, ufe, and prin¬
cipal to him. Taylor’s Rule oj Hoiy Living.
Moft of the learned, both heathen and chriftian, affert
the taking of ufe to be utterly unlawful; yet the divines of
the reformed church beyond the feas, do generally affirm it
to be lawful. ' South's Sermons.
8 T®
/
USE U S U
To Use. v. a. [ufer, Fr. ufus, Lat.]
1. To employ to any purpofe.
You’re welcome,
Moft learned rev’rend Sir, into our kingdom ;
Ufe us and it. Sbakefp. Hen. VIII.
They could ufe both the right hand and the left, in hurl¬
ing Hones and {hooting arrows. x Chr. xii. 2.
Two trumpets of lilver, that thou mayeft^ for the calling
of the affembly. Num. x. 2.
He was unhappily too much ufed as a check upon the Lord
Coventry; and when that lord perplexed their counfels with
inconvenient objections, the authority of the Lord Manchefter
was Hill called upon. Clarendon.
Thefe words of God to Cain, are, by many interpreters,
underftood in a quite different fenfe than what our author
tt/orthem in. Locke.
That prince was ufing all his endeavours to introduce po¬
pery, which \\e openly profeffed. Swift.
2. To accuftom ; to habituate
He that intends to gain th’ Olympick prize,
Muft ufe himfelf to hunger, heat and cold. Rofcotnmon.
Thofe who think only of the matter, ufe themfelves only
to fpeak extempore. Locke on Education.
I’ve hitherto been ufed to think
A blind officious zeal to ferve my king.
The ruling principle. Addifon's Cato.
A people long ujed to hardfhips, lofe by degrees the very
notions of liberty ; they look upon themfelves as at mercy. Sw.
3. To treat. >
Why doft thou ufe me thus ? I know thee not. Sbakefp.
When he came to afk leave of Solyman that he might de¬
part, he was courteoufly ufed of him. Knolles.
I know
My Aurengzebe would ne’er have us'cl me fo. Drydcn.
If Virgil or Ovid be thus ufed, ’tis no longer to be called
their work, when neither the thoughts nor words are drawn
from the original. ' Dryden.
I love to life people according to their own fenfe of good¬
breeding. Tatler, N° 86.
Cato has us'd me ill; he has refus’d
His daughter Marcia to my ardent vows. Addifon's Cato.
Gay is ufed as the friends of tories are by whigs, and gene¬
rally by tories too. Lope to Swift.
4. To praClife.
Ufe hofpitality one to another, without grudging. 1 Pet. iv.
5. To behave. Out of ufe.
Pray forgive me, if I have us'd myfelf unmannerly. Sbakefp.
To Use. v. n.
1. To be accuftomed ; to praCiife cuftomarily.
They ufe to place him that {hall be their captain upon a
Hone, always referved for that purpofe, and placed com¬
monly upon a hill. Spenfer's State of Ireland.
In polling of trees, many do ufe to leave a bough or two
on the top, to help to draw up the lap. Bacon.
A prudent governor, to advance religion, will not confider
men’s duty but their practice ; not what they ought to do,
but what they ufe to do. South's Sermons.
2. To be cuftomarily in any manner; to be wont.
Fears ufe to be reprefented in fuch an imaginary fafhion, as
they rather dazzle men’s eyes, than open them. Bacon.
Snakes that ufe within the houfe for {hade,
Securely lurk, and, like a plague, invade
Thy cattle with venom. May's Virgil.
The waters going and returning as the waves and great
commotions of the fea ufe to do, retired leifurely. Burnet.
Conduct me well
In thefe ftrange ways, where never foot did ufe. Spenfer.
3. To frequent. Obfolete.
Ye vallies low, where the mild whilpers ufe
Of fhades, and wanton winds, and gufhing brooks. Alilton.
U'seful. adj. [ufe and full.] Convenient; profitable to any
end ; conducive or helpful to any purpofe.
Providence would only enter mankind into the ufeful
knowledge of her treafures, leaving the reft to employ our
induftry. More's Antidote.
Gold and filver being little u'eful to the life of man, in
proportion to food, raiment, and carriage, has its value only
from the content of men. Locke.
That the legiflature fhould have power to change the fucceffion, is very ufeful towards preferving our religion and li¬
berty. Swift.
Deliver a particular account of the great and ufeful things
already performed. Swift.
U/sefully, adv. [from ufeful.] In fuch a manner as to help
forward fome end.
In this account they muft conftitute two at leaft, male and
female, in every fpccies ; which chance could not have made
fo very nearly alike, without copying, nor fo ufefully differing,
without contrivance. Bentley's Sermons.
Usefulness, n. f. Conducivcnefs or helpfulnefs to fome
end.
The grandeur of the commonwealth fhows itfelf chiefly
in works that were neceffary or convenient. On the con¬
trary, the magnificence of Rome, under the tynperors, was
rather for oftentation, than any real ufefulnefs. Addifon,
Uselessly, adv. [from ujelefs.] Without the quality of anfwering any purpofe.
In a fauntering humour, fome, out of cuftom, let a good
part of their lives run ufelefsly away, without buftnefs or
recreation. Locke.
Uselessness, n.f [from ufclefs.] Unfitnefs to any end.
He made a learned difeourfe on the trouble, ufelefsnefs, and
indecency of foxes wearing tails. L'Ejlrange.
He would convince them of the vanity and ufelefsnefs of that
learning, which makes not the poffeflbr a better man. South.
U'seless. adj. [from ufe.] Anfwering no purpofe; having no
end.
So have I feen the loft clouds pour
Into the fea an uj'elefs {how’r ;
And the vext failors curfe the rain,
For which poor fhepherds pray’d in vain. Waller.
The hurtful teeth of vipers are ufelejs to us, and yet are
parts of their bodies. Boyle.
His friend, on whofe affiftance he moft relied, either proves
falfe and forlakes him, or looks on with an ujelefs pity, and
cannot help him. Rogers's Sermons.
The waterman forlorn along the fhore,
Penfive reclines upon his ufelejs oar. Gay.
U'SEtt. n.f [from ufe.] One who ufes.
Such things, which, by imparting the delight to others,
makes the ufer thereof welcome, as muftek, dancing, hunt¬
ing, feafting, riding. Sidney.
My lord received from the countefs of Warwick, a lady
powerful in the court, and indeed a virtuous ufer of her
power, the beft advice that was ever given. IVotton.
U'SHER. n.f. [buiffier, Fr.]
j. One whole bufinefs is to introduce ftrangers, or walk before
a perfon of high rank.
The wife of Antony
Should have an army for an ufer, and
The neighs of horfe to tell her approach
Long ere {he did appear. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
You make guards and ujhers march before, and then enters
your prince. Tatlers, N° 53.
Gay paid his courtftnp with the croud.
As far as modeft pride allow’d ;
Rejects a fervile ufher s place,
And leaves St. James’s in difgrace. Szvift.
2. An under-teacher; one who introduces young fcholars to
higher learning.
Though grammar profits lefs than rhetorick’s.
Yet ev’n in thofe his ufher claims a fhare. Dryden.
To U/sher. v. a. [from the noun.] To introduce as a fore¬
runner or harbinger ; to forerun.
No fun fhall ever ufher forth my honours.
Or gild again the noble troops that waited
Upon my fmiles. Sbakefpeare's Hen. VIII.
The fan,
Declin’d, was hafting now with prone career
To th’ ocean ifles, and in th’ afeending fcale
Of heav’n, the ftars, that ufher evening, rofe. Alilton.
As the deluge is reprefented a difruption of the abyfs, fo
the future combuftion of the earth is to be ufher d in, and ac¬
companied with violent impreffions upon nature, and the
chief will be earthquakes. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
With fongs and dance we celebrate the day.
And with due honours ufher in the May. Dryden.
The Examiner was ufher'd into the world by a letter, fetting
forth the great genius of the author. Addifon.
Oh name for ever fad ! for ever dear !
• Still breath’d in fighs, ftill ufher'd with a tear. Pope.
Usqueba'ugh. n.f. [An Irifh and Erfe word, which fignifies
the water of life.] It is a compounded diftilled fpirit, being
drawn on aromaticks ; and the Irifh fort is particularly diftinguifhed for its pleafant and mild*flavour. The Highland fort
is fomewhat hotter ; and, by corruption, in Scottish they call
it whifky.
U'stion. n.f. [ujlion, Fr. uflus, Lat.] The a£i of burning ;
the ftate of being burned.
Usto'rious. adj. [ujlum, Latin.] Having the quality of burn¬
ing*
The power of a burning glafs is by an uflortous quality in
the mirror or glafs, arifing from a certain unknown fubftantial form. Watts.
U'sual. adj. [ufuel, Fr.] Common 5 frequent; cuftomary;
frequently occurring.
Confutation with oracles was a thing very ufual and fre¬
quent in their times. Hooker, b. i.
Could I the care of Providence deferve,
Heav’n muft deftroy me, if it would preferve :
And that’s my fate, or fure it would have fent
Some ufual evil for my punifhment. Dryden.
30 F. Usually,
USD
Usually, adv. [from ufual.] Commonly; frequently; cuftomarily.
If men’s defires are ufualiy as large as their abilities, what
courfe we took to allure the former, by that we might engage
the latter. South's Sermons.
Where men err again!! this method, it is ufually on purpofe, and to fhew their learning. Swift.
tJ^sualness. n.f [from ufual.] Commonnefs ; frequency.
Usuca'ption. n. j. [ufus and capio, Lat.J In the civil law,
the acquifition of the property of a thing, by pcfielfion and
enjoyment thereof for a certain term of years preferibed by
law. Dift.
Usufru'ct. n.f [ufufruit, Fr. ufus and frudius, Lat.J The
temporary ufe; enjoyment of the profits, without power to
alienate.
The perfons receiving the fame, have only the ufufuR
thereof, and not any fee or inheritance therein. AyUjfe.
UsufRU'ctuARY. n. f. [ufufruRuairc, Fr. ifufruEluarius, Lat.J
One that has the uie and temporary profit, not the property
of a thing.
The parfons of parilhes are not in law accounted pro¬
prietors, but only uffruRuaries, as having no right of fee
fimple veiled in them. Ayliffe's Paragon.
To LJ'sure. n.f. [nfura, Lat.J To practice ufury ; to take
interell for money.
Is this the balfam that the ufuring fenate
Pours into captains wounds ? Shakefp. Timon of Athens.
TTsurer. n.f. [;ufurier, Fr. vfura, Lat.J One who puts mo¬
ney out at interell. Commonly uled for one that takes exor¬
bitant interell.
Fie ; thou lham’ll thy lhape, thy love, thy wit;
Which, like an ufurer, abound’!! in all.
And ufell none in that true ufe indeed,
Which fhouid bedeck thy fhape? thy love, thy wit. Slmk.
When ujurers tell their gold i’ th’ field,
And bawds and whores do churches build. Shakefpeare.
If thou lend money to any that is poor, thou fhalt not be
to him as an ufurer, nor lay upon him ufury. Ex. xxii. 25.
There may be no commutative injullice, while each retains
a mutual benefit, the ufurer for his money, the borrower for
his indullry. Child on Trade.
The affes ufurae occalioned great tumults among the peo¬
ple ; yet he that tooR it was not reckoned to tranfgrefs any
law ; and there were fome greedy ujurers that exadled double,
triple. Arbuthnot on- Coins.
Usurious, adj. [ufuaire, Fr. from ufury.J Given to the
pradlife of ufury; exorbitantly greedy of profit.
For every hour that thou wilt fpare me now,
I will allow,
Ufurious god of iove, twenty to thee.
When with my brown my grey hairs equal be. Donne.
ToUsu'rp. v. a. [ufuper, Fr. uufurpo, Lat.J To poflefs by
force or intrufion ; to feize, or poliefs without right.
So ugly a darknefs, as if it would prevent the night’s
coming, ufurped the day’s right. Sidney, b. ii.
Not having the natural fuperiority of fathers, their power
mull be ufurped, and then unlawful; or if lawful, then
granted or confented unto by them over whom they
exercife the fame, or elfe given them extraordinarily from
God. Hooker.
In as much as the due ellimation of heavenly truth dependeth wholly upon the known and approved authority of
thofe famous oracles of God, it greatly behoveth the church
to have always moll fpecial care, humane inventions ufurp
the room and" title of divine worlhip. Hooker, b. v.
Victorious prince of York !
Before I fee thee feated in that throne.
Which now the houfe of Lancaller ufurps,
Thefe eyes fhall never clofe. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
What art thou, that ufurp'Jl this time of night,
Together with that fair and warlike form ? Shakefp.
Their fox-like thefts are fo rank, as a man may find
whole pages ufurp'd from one author. B. Johnfon.
So he dies.
But foon revives ; death over him no pow’r
Shall long ufurp : ere the third dawning light
Return, the liars of morn fhall fee him rife
Out of his grave. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xii.
All fountains of the deep
Broke up, fhall heave the ocean to ufurp
Beyond all bounds, ’till inundation rife
Above the highell hills. Milton.
Farewell court,
Where vice not only hath ufurpt the place,
But the reward, and even the name of virtue. Denham.
Your care about your banks infers a fear
Of threat’ning floods and inundations near:
If Co, a jull reprize would only be
Of what the land ufurp'd upon the fea. Dryden.
Who next ufurps, will a jull prince appear,
So much your ruin will his reign endear. Dryden.
U T I
Struggling in vain, impatient bf her load.
And lab’ring underneath the pond’rotts God ;
The more fhe llrove to {hake him from her brealt^
V- ith more and far fuperior force he prefs’d,
Commands his entrance, and, without controul,
Ufuips her organs, and infpires her foul. Dryden.
Who’s this, that dares ufurp
The guards and habit of Numidia’s prince ? Addifons Cato.
Usurpa tion. [ufurpation, Fr. from ufurp.J Forcible, unjull,
illegal feizure or polTelhon.
T he Picrcies,
Finding his ufurpation moll unjull,
Endeavour’d my advancement to the throne. Shakefpeare.
Succeeding kings recovery of their right from unjull ufurpations, fhall never be prejudiced by any ait of mine. K. Char.
T. o raife a tempell on the fca was ujurpation on the pre¬
rogative of Neptune, who had given him no leave. Drydenj
O bafenefs to fupport a tyrant throne.
And crufh your freeborn brethren of the world !
Nay, to become a part of ufurpation,
T’ efpoufe the tyrant’s perfon and her crimes. Dryden.
Whatever oppolition was made to the ufurpations of K.
James, proceeded altogetherfrom thechurchofEngland. Swift.
Usu'rper. n.f. [from ufwpd\ One who feizes or poflefTes that
to which he has no right. It is generally ufed of one who
excludes the right heir from the throne.
Ever fithence he hath continued his firfl ufurped power,
and now exadleth upon all men what he lif! : fo that now to
fubdue or expel an ufurper, fhouid be no unjull enterprize,
but a rellitution bf ancient right unto the crown. Spnefcr.
Richard duke of York,
Was rightful heir unto the Englilh crown ;
And that your majelly was an ufurper. Shakefpeare.
But this ufurper, his encroachment proud,
Stays not on man ; to God his tow’r intends
Siege and defiance. Milton.
Eew ufurpers to the fhades defeend
By a dry death, or with a quiet end. Dryden.
He griev’d, the land he freed fhouid be opprefs’d.
And he lefs for it than ufurpers do. Dryden.
Usu/rpingly. adv. [from ujurp.] Without jull claim.
Lay afide the fword,
Which fv/ays ufurpingly thefe feveral titles,
And put the fame into young Arthur’s hand.
Thy right royal fovereign. Shakefpeare's K. John.
IEsury. [ufure, Fr. ufura, Lat.J
1. Money paid for the ufe of money ; interell.
He that high does fit, and all things fee.
With equal eyes, their merits to reltore ;
Behold, what ye this day have done for me,
And what I cannot quit, requite with ufury. Fairy Qiuen.
The wilhed day is come at laft, >
That fhall, for all the pains and forrows pafl,
Pay to her ufury of long delight. Spenfer.
Our angles are like money put to ufury ; thev may thrive,
though we fit flill and do nothing. Walton's Angler.
What he borrows from the ancients, he repays with ufu'-y
of his own; in coin as good^ and almofl as univerfally va¬
luable. Dryden's Dedication to Juvenal.
2. The practice of taking interell. It is commonly ufed with
fome reproach.
Ufury bringeth the treafure of a realm into few hands : for
the ufurer being at certainties, and others at uncertainties, at
the end, moll of the money will be in the box. Bacon.
ITtensil. n.f. [utenfile,Yr. utenfils, low Lat.J An inllrument
for any ufe, fuch as the velfds of the kitchen, or tools of a
trade.
Burn but his books ; he has brave utenfils.
Which, when he has a houfe, he’ll deck withal. Shakefp.
Mules after thefe, camels and dromedaries.
And waggons fraught with utenfils of war. Milton.
Tithes and lands given to God are never; and plate, vellments, and other facred utenfils, are feldom confecrated. South.
The fprings of life their former vigour feel ;
Such zeal he had for that vile utenfil. Garth's Difpcnfayy.
U'terine. adj. [uterin, Fr. uterinus, Lat.J Belonging to the
womb.
In hot climates, and where the uterine parts exceed in heat,
by the coldnefs of fome fimple, they may be reduced unto a
conceptive conllitution. Broivns Vulgar Errours.
The velfels of the interior glandulous lubllance of the
womb, are contorted with turnings and meanders, that they
might accommodate themfelves without danger of rupture to
the necefiary extenfion of the uterine fubllance. Raj.
UTERUS, n.f. [Latin.J The womb.
Utility. n.J. [utilite, Fr. utilitas, Lat.J Ufefulnefs ; pro¬
fit ; convenience ; advantagcoulnefs.
Thofe things which have long gone together, are confede¬
rate ; whereas new things piece not fo well; but though
they help by their utility, yet they trouble by their inconfor¬
mity. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Should
S
U T T V U L
Should wc blindly obey the reftraints of phyficians and
aftrologers, we fhould confine the utility of phvfick unto a
very few days. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
M. Zulichem defired me that I would rive a relation of
the cure of the gout, that might be made pu'blick, as a thing
which might prove of common utility to fo great numbers
as were fubjedt to that difeafe. " Terrible
U'tis. n.f. A word which probably is corrupted, at leaftf is
not now underftood.
Then here will be old utis: it will be an excellent ftratagem. Sbakefpeare's Hen. TVl
U tmost. adj. [utmoepc, Saxon; from uttep.J
i.Extreme; placed at the extremity.
Much like a lubtile fpider, which doth fit
In middle of her web, which fpreadeth wide;
It ought do touch the utmojl thread of it,
She teels it inftantly on ev’ry fide. Davies.
As far remov d from God and light of heav’n,
As irom the center thrice to th’ utmojl pole. Milton.
I went
To view the utmojl limits of the land. Dryden.
2. Being in the higheft degree.
I’ll undertake to bring him.
Where he fnall anfwer by a lawful form.
In peace, to his utmojl peril. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Utmost, n.f The moft that can be; the greateft power ;
the higheft degree.
What mifearries.
Shall be the general’s fault, though he perform
To the uttnojl of a man. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
I will be free,
Even to the utmojl as I pleafe in words. Sbakefpeare.
Such a conlcience, as has employed the utmojl of its ability
to give itfelf the beft information, and cleared knowledge of
its duty, that it can, is a rational ground for a man to build
fuch an hope upon. South.
Try your fortune.-
—I have to the utmojl. Doft thou think me defperate
Without juft caufe ? Dryden’s All for Love.
A man, having carefully enquired into all the grounds of
probability and unlikelinefs, and done his utmojl to inform
himfelf in all particulars, may come to acknowledge on which
fide the probability refts. " ' Locke.
The enemy thinks of railing threefcore thoufand men : let
us perform our utmojl, and we fnall overwhelm them with
our multitudes. Addifon.
U'Tter. adj. [urcep, Saxon.]
1. Situate on the outfide, or remote from the center.
In my flight
Through utter and through middle darknefs borne,
I fung of chaos, and eternal night. Milton’s P. Lojl, b. iii.
2. Placed without any compafs ; out of any place.
Purfue thefe fons of darknefs ; .drive them out
From all heav’n’s bounds, into the utter deep. Milton.
3. Extreme; exceflive; utmoft. This feems to be Milton’s
meaning here.
Such place eternal juftice had prepar’d
For thole rebellious ; here their prifon ordain’d
In utter darknefs ; and their portion fet
As far remov’d from God, and light of heav’n.
As from the center thrice to th’ utmoft pole. Milton.
4. Complete; irrevocable.
The parliament thought the utter taking it away, abfolutely necefiary for the prefervation of the kingdom.
Clarendon.
There could not be any other eftimate made of the lofs,
than by the utter refufal of the auxiliary regiments of London
and Kent to march farther. Clarendon, b. viii.
They feel fewer corporal pains, and are utter ftrangers to all thofe anxious thoughts which difquiet mankind. Atterbury.
To Utter, v.a. [from the adjective; to make publick, or
let out; palamfacere.]
1.To fpeak ; to pronounce ; to exprefs.
Men fpake not with the inftruments of writing, neither
writ with the inftruments of fpeech ; and yet things recorded
with the one, and uttered with the other, may be preached
well enough with both. Hooker.
Thefe very words I’ve heard him utter. Sbakefpeare.
There’s more gold : but, firrah,
We fay the dead are well. Bring it to that,
T he gold I give thee will I melt, aad pour
Down thy ill-uttering throat. Sbakefpeare.
Conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falfehoed. lfa. lix. 13.
Shall not they teach thee and tell thee, and utter words out
of their heart ? Job viii. 10.
Who knows but his poor, bleeding heart,
Amidft its agonies, remember’d Marcia,
And the laft words he utter'd, call’d me cruel ! Addifon.
2. Todifclofe; todifeover; to publifh.
When do partial and finifter affections more utter themfelves, than when an election is committed to many ? Whit?:
Were it folly to be modeft in uttering what is known to all*
the world l Raleigh.
I meant my words fhould hot reach your ears ; but what
I utter'd was moft true. Dryden’s All for Love.
3. To fell; to vend.
Such mortal drugs I have, but Mantua’s law
Is death to any he that utters them. Sbakefp Rom. and Juliet.
They bring it home, and utter it commonly by the' name
of Newfoundland.fifh. Abbot's Defaip. of the World'.
The Devonfhire and Somerfetfhire grafters feed yearly
great droves of cattle in the north quarter of Cornwall, and
utter them at home. Carcw's Survey of Cornwall.
4. To difperfe ; to emit at large.
I o preferve us from ruin, the whole kingdom fhculd con¬
tinue in a firm refolution never to receive or utter this fatal
c°in* Swift.
U tterable. adj. [from utter.] Expreflible ; fuch as may be
uttered.
Utterance, n.f [ from utter. ]
1. Pronunciation; manner of fpeaking.
He, with utt’rance grave, and countenance fad.
From point to point difeours’d his voyage. Fa. Ahieen.
2. \Outrance, Fr.] Extremity ; terms of extreme hoftility.
Of him I gather’d honour ;
Which he to feelc of me again perfofee.
Behoves me keep at utterance. Shakefp. Cymbelinc.
Mine eternal jewel
Giv’n the common enemy of man,
To make them kings; the feed of Banquo kings !
Rather than fo, come, fate, into the lift,
And champion me to th’ utterance. Shakefp. Macbeth.
3. Vocal expreflion ; emiftlon from the mouth.
’ Pill Adam, though no lefs than Eve abafh’d.
At length, gave utterance to thefe words conftrain’d. Milton.
Speaking is a fenfible expreflion of the notions of the mind,
by feveral diferiminations of utterance of voice, ufed as fums,
having by confent feveral determinate fignificancies. Holder.
1 here have been fome inventions, which have been able
for the utterance of articulate founds, as the fpeaking of cer¬
tain words. . Wilkins's Math. Magick.
Many a man thinks admirably well, who has a poor ut¬
terance ; while others have a charming manner of fpeech,
but their thoughts are trifling. Watts
Utterer. n.f. {from utter.]
1. One who pronounces.
2. A divulger; a difclofer.
Utterers of fecrets he from thence debarr’d ;
Babblers of folly, and blazers of crime.
3. A feller ; a vender.
U tterly. adv. [from utter.] Fully; completely; perfectly.
For the moft part, in an ill fenfe.
God, whole property is to (hew his mercies then greateft,
when tuey aieneareft to be utterly despaired. Hooker, b. iv.
Arguments taken from the authority of men, may not only
fo far forth as hath been declared, but further alfo be of fome
force in human fciences; which force, be it never fo fmall,
doth fhew that they are not utterly naught. Hooker, b. ii!
All your int’reft in,thofe territories
Is utterly bereft you ; all is loft. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
. He was fo utterly tired with an employment fo contrary to
his humour, that he did not coniider the means that would
lead him out of it. Clarendon, b. viii.
While in the fiefh we cannot be utterly infenfible of the
afflictions that befal us. ' Atterbu y.
UTtermost. adj. [from utterj
1. Extreme ; being in the higheft degree.
Bereave me not,
Whereon I live ! thy gentle looks, thy aid.
Thy counfel, in this uttermof diftrefs. Milton.
2. Moft remote.
The land, from the uttermojl end of the ftraits on Peru
fide, did go towards the fouth. Abbot's Dejcrip. ofthe World
Wttermost. n.f. The greateft degree.
1 'here needed neither promife nor perfuafion to make her
do her uttennojl for her father’s fervice. Sidney, b. ii.
He cannot have fufficient honour done unto him; but the
uttermojl we can do, we muft. Hooker b i
Uve'ous. adj. [from uva, Eat. ]
The uveous coat, or iris of the eye, hath a mufculous
power, and can dilate and contrail that round hole in it PUP1> rT , , X* on the C eation.
VULCAAO.n.f [Italian.]. A burning mountain ; volcano.
Earth calcin d, flies oft into the air ; the afhes of burning
mountains, in vuhano s, will be carried to great diftances. Arb,
Vu’lgar. adj. [vulgaire, Fr. vulgaris, Lat.]
1. I lebeian ; luiting to the common people; rradiifed among
the common people, 0
Fa. Jhiccn.
Men
V U L
Men who have pafled all their time in low and vulgar life,
cannot have a fuitable idea of the feveral beauties and blemifihes in the adtions of great men. Addifon.
2. Mean ; low ; being of the common rate.
It requiring too great a fagacity for vulgar minds to draw
the line between virtue and vice, no wonder if mod men at¬
tempt not a laborious ferutiny into things themfelves, but
only take names and words, and fo reft in them. South.
Now wafting years my former ftrength confound,
And added woes have bow’d me to the ground :
Yet by the ftubble you may guefs the grain.
And mark the ruins of no vulgar man. Brootne.
3. Publick; commonly bruited.
Do you hear aught of a battle toward ?-
_Moft fure, and vulgar ; every one hears that. Shakefp.
Vulgar, n.f [vulgaire, Fr.] The common people.
I’ll about;
Drive away the vulgar from the ftreets. Shakefpeare.
Thofe men, and their adherents, were then looked upon
by the affrighted vulgar, as greater protedtors of their laws
and liberties than myfelf. K. Charles.
The vulgar imagine the pretender to have been a child impofed upon the nation by the fraudulent zeal of his parents,
and their bigotted couniellors. Swift.
Vuiga'rity. n.f. [from vulgar.]
1. Meannefs; ftate of the loweft people.
Although their condition may place them many fpheres
above the multitude; yet are they ftill within the line of vul¬
garity and democratical enemies to truth. Brown.
True it is, and I hope I fhall not offend their vulgarities,
if I fay they are daily mocked into error by devifers. Brown.
2. Particular inftance or fpecimen of meannefs.
Is the grand fophos of Perffus, and the fublimity of Ju¬
venal to be circumfcribed with the meannefs of words, and
vulgarity of expreffion ? Dryden's Dedication to Juvenal.
Vu lgarly, adv. [from vulgar.J Commonly ; in the ordi¬
nary manner ; among the common people.
He was, which people much refpedt
In princes, and which pleafes vulgarly,
Of goodly pers’nage, and of fweet afpedL Daniel.
He, that believes himfelf uncapable of pardon, goes on
without thought of reforming; fuch an one we call vulgarly
a defperate perfon. Hammond's Practical Catechifm.
As it is vulgarly underftood, that he cut a paffage for his
army through thefe mighty mountains, it may feem incre¬
dible. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Vulnerable, ad). [vulnerable, Fr. vulnerabilis, Lat.j Sufceptive of wounds ; liable to external injuries.
U X o
Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crcfts ;
I bear a charmed life, which muft not yield
To one of woman born. Shakefp.' Macbeth.
Achilles though dipt in Styx, yet having his heel untouched
by that water, although he were fortified clfewhere, he was
flain in that part, as only vulnerable in the inferior and brutal
part. Brown s Vulgar Errours.
Vu'lnerary. adj. [vuh.eraire, Fr. vulnerarius, Lat.j Ufeful
in the cure of wounds.
Try whether the fame efFecSt will not enfue, by common
vulnerary plaifters. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
I kept the orifice open, and preferibed him vulneraries.
JVijeman's Surgery.
To Vu'lnerate. v. a. [vulnero, Lat.j To wound ; to hurt.
Defacto there is fuch an intercourfe between the magnetick
unguent and the vulnerated body. Glanvill’s Scepf.
Vu’lpine. adj. [vulpinus, Lat.] Belonging to a fox.
Vu'lture. n.f. [vultur, Lat.j A large bird of prey remark¬
able for voracity.
Nor the night raven, that ftill deadly yells,
Nor griefly vultures make us once affear’d. Spcnfer.
We’ve willing dames enough, there cannot be
That vulture in you to devour fo many.
As will to greatnefs dedicate themfelves. Shakefp.
A rav’nous vulture in his open’d fide,
Her crooked beak and cruel talons try’d. Dryden.
Vu'lturine. adj. [vulturinus, Lat.j Belonging to a vulture.
Uvu'la. n. f. [uvula, Lat.j In anatomy, a round foft fpongeous body, fufpended from the palate near the foramina of
the noftrils over the glottis. Dikt.
By an inftrument bended up at one end, I got up behind
the uvula. Wijemail s Surge-y.
UXCKRIOUS. adj. [uxorius, Lat.j Submiflively fond of a
wife; infedted with connubial dotage.
Towards his queen he was nothing uxorious, nor fcarce in¬
dulgent ; but companionable and refpedtive. Bacon.
That uxorious king, whofe heart, though large,
Beguil’d by fair idolatreffes, fell
To idols foul. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
How would’ft thou infult,
When I muft live uxorious to thy will
In perfedt thraldom, how again betray me ? Milton.
Uxo'riousl y .adv.[from uxorious,jWith fond fubmiffion to awife.
If thou art thus uxorioufy inclin’d
To bear thy bondage with a willing mind,
Prepare thy neck. Dryden s Juvenal.
Uxo'riousness. n.f. [from uxorious.] Connubial dotage j
fond fubmiffion to a wife.
W
WAD W A F
Is a letter of which the form is not to be found
in the alphabets of the learned languages ;
though it is not improbable that by our w is
exprefl'ed the found of the Roman v, and the
Eolick f Both the form and found are ex¬
cluded from the languages derived from the Latin.
W is fometimes improperly ufed in diphthongs as a vowel, for «,
view;Ji ew: the found of zu confonant is uniform.
To Wa'bble. v'.n. [A low, barbarous word.] Toftiake; to
move from fide to fide.
If in your work you find it wabble; that is, that one fide
of the flat inclines to the right or left hand, with foft blows
of an hammer fet itto rights, and then fcrew it hard up. Aloxori.
Wad. n.f. [peob hay, Saxon.]
1. A bundle of ftravv thruft clofe together.
2. JVaddy or black lead, is a mineral of great ufe and
value. Woodward.
Wa'dding. n.f. [from wad, vad, Iflandick ] A kind of foft
fluff loofely woven, with which the fkirts of coats are fluf¬
fed out.
To Wa'ddle. v. n. [wagghelen, Dutch, to waggle; whence*
by a cafual corruption, waddle.] To fhake, in walking from
fide to fide ; to deviate in motion from a right line.
She could have run and waddled all about. Shakefp.
The ftrutting petticoat fmooths and levels all diftindiions ;
while I cannot but be troubled to fee fo many well-fhaped,
innocent virgins bloated up, and waddling up and down like
big-bellied women. SpeAator^ N°i27.
The farmer’s gcofe,
Grown fat with corn and fitting ffill.
Can fcarce get o’er the barn-door fill,
• And hardly waddles forth to cool
Her belly in the neighb’ring pool. Swift.
A dabchick waddles through the copfe
On feet and wings, and flies, and wades, and hops. Pope.
Dulnefs, of bufinefs the directing foul,
To human heads like biafs to the bowl;
Which, as more pond’rous, makes their aim more true.
Obliquely waddling to the mark in view. Pope.
To Wade. v. n. [from vadum, Lat. pronounced wadum.~\
j. To walk through the waters ; to pafs water without fwimming.
We’ll wade to the market-place in Frenchmen’s blood. Sba.
She waded through the dirt to pluck him off. Shakefpeare.
I am in blood
Stept in fo far, that, flhould I wade no more.
Returning were as tedious as go o’er. Shakefp. Macbeth.
He ftaid {even days at the Cralfus, until a bridge was made
for the tranfporting of his army, for that the river was not to
be waded over. Knolles’s Hifl. ofthe Turks.
Then fince fortune’s favours fade ;
You that in her arms do fleep,
Learn to fwim, and not to wade,
For the hearts of kings are deep. JVotton’s Poems.
With head, hands, wings, or feet purfues his way.
And fwims, or finks, or wades, or creeps, or flics. Milton.
It is hard to wade deep in baths where fprings arife. Broivn.
Fowls that frequent waters, and only wadey have as well
long legs as long necks ; and thofe that are made for fwimming have feet like oars. Move’s Divine Dialogues.
Thofe birds only wade in the water, and do not fwim. More.
As when a dabchick waddles through the copfe
On feet and wings, he flies, and wades, and hops. Pope.
2. To pafs difficultly and laborioufly.
They were not permitted to enter unto war, nor conclude
any league of peace, nor to zvade through any a<ft of moment
between them and foreign Rates, unlefs the oracle of God,
or his prophets, were firft confulted with. Hooker, b. iii.
I have waded through the whole caufe, fearching the truth
by the caufes of truth. Hooker.
The fubftance of thofe controverfics whereunto we have
begun to wade, be rather of outward things appertaining to
the church, than of any thing wherein the being of the
church coniifleth. Hooker, b. iii.
Virtue gives herfelf light, through darknefs for to Wade.
Fairy Sfueen, b. i.
I fhould chufe rather with {pitting and fcorn to be tumbled
into the duft in blood, bearing witnefs to any known truth of
our Lord ; than, by a denial of thofe truths, through blood
and perjury wade to a feeptre, and lord it in a throne. South.
’Tis not to my purpofe to wade into thofe bottomiefs controverlies, which, like a gulph, have fwallowed up fo much
time of learned men. Decay ofPiety.
The dame
Now try’d the flairs, and zvading through the night.
Search’d all the deep recefs* and ifiu’d into light. Dryden.
The wrathful God then plunges from above,
And where in thickeft waves the fparkles drove,
There lights, and wades through fumes, and gropes his way,
Half-fing’d, half-ftifl’d. Dryden.
Simonides, the more he contemplated the nature of the
Deity, found that he zvaded but the more out of his depth,
and that hq loft himfelf in the thought. Addifon.
Wafer, n.f. [wafel, Dutch.]
1. A thin cake.
Wife, make us a dinner; fpare flefh, neither corn ;
Make wafers and cakes, forourflieepe muft be {home.Tufer.
Poor Sancho they perfuaded that he enjoyed a great domi¬
nion, and then gave him nothing to fubfifi: upon but wafers and
marmalade. •' Pope.
2. The bread given in the eucharift by the Romanifts.
That the fame body of Chrift fhould be in a thoufand
places at once ; that the whole body fhould lie hid in a little
thin wafer; yet fo, that the members thereof fhould not one
run into another, but continue diftineft, and have an order
agreeable to a man’s body, it doth exceed reafon. Hall.
3. Pafte made to clofe letters.
To Waft. v. a. [probably from wave.]
1. To carry through the air, or on the water.
A braver choice of dauntlefs fpirits,
Than now the Englifti bottoms have zvaft o’er,
Did never float upon the fwelling tide. Shakefpeare.
Our high admiral
Shall zvaft them over with our royal fleet. Shakefpeare.
Whether cripples, who have loft their thighs, will not
fink but float; their lungs being able to zvaft up their bodies,
which are in others overpoifed by the hinder legs, we have
not made experiment. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Nor dares his tranfport-veffel crofs the waves,
With fuch wliofe bones are not compos’d in graves :
A hundred years they wander on the fliore ;
At length, their penance done, are wafted o’er. Dryden.
Lend to this wretch your hand, and waft him o’er
To the fweet banks of yon forbidden fhore. Dryden.
From hence might firft fpring that opinion of the vehicles
of fpirits; the vulgar conceiving that the breath was that
wherein the foul was wafted and carried away. Ray.
They before wafted over their troops into Sicily in open veffels. Arbnthnot on Coins.
In vain you tell your parting lover,
You wifli fair winds may waft him over:
Alas ! what winds can happy prove,
That bear me far from what I love ? Prior.
Speed the foft intercourfe from foul to foul,
And waft a iigh from Indus to the pole. Pope.
2. To beckon ; to inform by a fign of any thing moving
To Waft, v.n. To float.
It wafted nearer yet, and then file knew.
That what before fhe but furmis’d, was true. Dryden.
Thofe trumpets his triumphant entry tell.
And now the {bouts waft near the citadel. Dryden.
Waft, n.f [from the verb.]
1. A floating body.
From the bellowing eaft oft the whirlwind’s wing
Sweeps up the burthen of whole wintry plains,
In one wide zvaft. " Thomfons Winter.
2. Motion of a ftreamer. Ufed as a token or mean of infor¬
mation at fea.
30 F WVTtage,
WAG W A G
Not
Sbakefpeare.
Shakefp.
La. ii. 15.
Dryden.
Swift.
Sbakejp.
Wantage, n.f [from xt/u/ft.] Carriage by water or air.
in ufe.
What fhip of Epidamnum ftays for me ?•
—A fhip you fent me to, to hire waftagc.
. I ftalk about her door.
Like a ftrange foul upon the Stygian banks.
Staying for waftagc. Sbakejp. Troilus and Creffida.
Wa'fter. n.f. [from waft.'] A paffage boat. Ainfwortb.
Wa'fture.n.f. [from waft.] The ad of waving. Not in ufe.
You anfwer’d not;
But with an angry wafture of your hand
Gave fign for me to leave you. Shakefp. Julius Cesfar.
To Wag. v.a. [Jjayan, Saxon; waggen, Dutch.] To move
lightly ; to fhake flightly.
I can counterfeit the deep tragedian ;
Tremble and ftart at wagging of a ftraw. Sbakefpeare.
You may as well forbid the mountain pines
To wag their high tops, and to make a noife,
When they are fretted with the gufts of heav’n.
All that pafs, hifs and wag their head at thee.
Thou canft not wag thy finger, or begin
The leaf!: light motion, but it tends to fin.
So have I feen in black and white,
A prating thing, a magpye hight,
Majeftically ftalk;
A ftately, worthlefs animal,
That plies the tongue, and wags the tail.
All flutter, pride, and talk.
To Wag. v. n.
1. To be in quick or ludicrous motion.
Be merry, my wife has all;
For women are fhrews, both fhort and tall ;
’Tis merry in hall, where beards wag ail.
I will fight with him upon this theme.
Until my eyelids will no longer wag. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
2. To go; to be moved.
I will provoke him to’t, or let him wag. Sbakefpeare.
Her charms fhe mutter’d o’er;
And yet the refty fieve wagg’d ne’er the more :
I wept for woe. Dryden s Theocritus.
Wag. n.f. [pce5an, Saxon, to cheat.] Any one ludicroufly
mifehievous; a merry droll.
Cupid the wag, that lately conquer’d had
Wife counfellors, ftout captains puiflant;
And ty’d them faft to lead his triumphs bad.
Glutted with them, now plays with meaneft things. Sidney.
Was not my lord the verier wag o’ th’ two ? Sbakejp.
We wink at wags, when they offend,
And fpare the boy, in hopes the man may mend. Dryden.
A counfellor never pleaded without a piece of packthread in
his hand, which he ufed to twift about a finger all the
while he was fpeaking : the wags ufed to call it the thread of
his difeourfe. Addifon.
Wage. n.f. the plural wages is now only ufed. [wegen, or
wagen, German; gages, Fr.j
1. Pay given for fervice.
All friends fhall tafte
The wages of their virtue, and all foes
The cup of their defervings. Shakefp. K. Lear.
The laft petition is for my men; they are the pooreft.
But poverty could never draw them from me ;
That they may have their wages duly paid them.
And fomething over to remember me. Sbakefpeare.
By Tom' Thumb, a fairy page ;
He fent it, and doth him engage.
By promife of a mighty wage,
It fecretly to carry. Drayton's Nymphid.
The thing itfelf is not only our duty, but our glory : and
he who hath done this work, has, in the very work, partly
received his wages. bout s.
2. Gage; pledge. Ainfw. . . , .
To Wage. v.a. [The origination of this word, which ly
now only ufed in the phrafe to wage war, is not eafily dilcovered : waegen, in German, is to attempt any thing dan¬
gerous.]
1. To attempt; to venture.
We muft not think the Turk is fo unikuful,
Negledting an attempt of eafe and gain.
To wake and wage a danger profitlefs.
2. To make; to carry on. Applied to war.
Return to her, and fifty men difmifs d .
No ; rather I abjure all roofs, and chufe
To wage againft the enmity o’th’ air,
To be a comrade with the wolf. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
Your reputation wages ivar with the enemies of your royal
family, even within their trenches. Dryden.
He ponder’d, which of all his fons was fit
Toieign, and wage immortal war with wit. Dryden.
3. [From wage, wages. ] To fet to hire.
Thou muft wage
Thy works for wealth, and life for gold engage. F. Queen.
Sbakefpeare.
4. 'I’o take to hire ; to hife for pay ; to hold in pay ; to employ
for wages.
I feem’d his follower, not partner ; and
He wag'd me with his countenance, as if
I had been mercenary. Shahefpeare’s Coriolanus.
The officers of the admiralty having places of fo good be¬
nefit, it is their parts, being well waged and rewarded,
exactly to look into the found building of fhips. Raleigh.
The king had eredted his courts of ordinary refort, and
was at the charge not only to wage juftice and their minifters,
but alfo to appoint the fafe cuftody of records. Bacon.
This great lord came not over with any great number of
waged foldiers. Davies's Ireland.
5. [In law.]
When an a&iort of debt is brought againft one, as fer
money or chatties, left or lent the defendant, the defendant
may wage his law; that is, fwear, and certain perfons with
him, that he owes nothing to the plaintiff in manner as he
hath declared. The offer to make the oath is called wager
of law : and when it is accomplifhed, it is called the making
or doing of law. Blount.
WA'GER. n.f. [from wage, to venture.]
1. A bett; any thing pledged upon a chance or performance.
Love and mifehief made a wager, which fhould have moft
power in me. Sidney.
The fea ftrove with the winds which fhould be louder;
and the fhrouds of the fhip, with a ghaftful noife to them that
were in it, witneffed that their ruin was the wager of the
other’s contention. Sidney, b. ii.
Full faft fhe fled, ne ever look’d behind ;
As if her life upon the wager lay. Fairy Queen.
Befides thefe plates for horfe-races, the wagers may be as
the perfons pleafe. Temple.
Fadtious, and fav’ring this or t’other fide.
Their wagers back their wifhes. Dryden.
If any atheift can ftake his foul for a wager, againft fuch.
an inexhauftible difproportion ; let him never hereafter accufe
others of credulity. Bentley's Sermons.
2. [In law.] An offer to make oath. See to wage in law.
Multiplication of actions upon the cafe were rare formerly, and
there by wager oflaw oufted,which difeouraged many luits.Hale.
To Wa'ger. v.a. [from the noun.] To lay; to pledge as a
bett; to pledge upon fome cafualty or performance.
’Twas merry, when you wager'd on your angling. Shakefp.
He that will lay much to ftake upon every flying ftory,
may as well wager his eftate which way the wind will lit
next morning. Government ofthe Tongue.
I feed my father’s flock ;
What can I wager from the common flock ? Dryden.
Wa'ges. n.f. See Wage.
Wa'ggery. n.f. [from wag.] Mifehievous merriment; ro-<
guifh trick ; farcaftical gaiety.
’Tis not the waggeries or cheats pradlifed among fchoolboys, that make an able man ; but the principles of juftice,
generofity, and fobriety. Locke.
Wa'ggish. adj. [from wag ] Knavifhly merry ; merrily mif¬
ehievous ; frolickfome.
Change fear and nicenefs.
The handmaids of all women, or, more truly,
Woman its pretty felf, to waggifh courage. Sbakefpeare.
This new conceit is the waggifo fuggeftion of fome fly and
fculking atheifts. More's Divine Dialogues.
A company of waggifh boys watching of frogs at the fide of
a pond, ftill as any of them put up their heads, they would
be pelting them down with ftones. Children, fays one ot
the frogs, you never confider, that though this may be play
to you, ’tis death to us. L'EJlrange.
As boys, on holidays let loofe to play,
Lay waggijb traps for girls that pafs that way ;
Then fhout to fee in dirt and deep diftrefs
Some filly cit. Dryden.
Wa'ggishness. n.f. [from waggijb.] Merry mifehief.
A chriftian boy in Conftantinople had like to have been
ftoned for gagging, in a waggijhncfs, along billed fowl. Bacon.
To Wangle, v.n. [wagghelcn, German.] To waddle; to
move from fide to fide.
The fport Bafilius would fhew to Zelmane, was the
mounting of his hawk at a heron, which getting up on his
waggling wings with pain, as though the air next to the
earth were not fit for his great body to fly through, was now
grown to diminifh the fight of himfelf. Sidney.
Why do you go nodding and waggling fo, as it hip-lhot?
fays the goofe to her gofleling. L Ej.range.
Wa'gon. n.f. [poejen, Sax. waegbens, Dutch; vagn, Iflandick.]
1. A heavy carriage for burthens.
The Hungarian tents, were enclofed round with waggons,
one chained to another. Knolles s Hijl. oj the Turns.
Waggons fraught with utenfils of war. Milton.
2. A chariot. Not in ufe. _
Now fair Phcebus ’gan decline in hafte,
His weary waggon to the weftern vale. Spenfer.
' Then
W a i W A I
Shakefpeare.
of a wheel.
Then to her waggon fhe betake;.
And with her bears the witch. Sbeh/er.
O Proferpina,
For the flowers now that frighted tllou iet’ft fall
From Dis’s waggon. Shakefpeare.
Her waggon l'pokes made of long fpinners leo-s ;
The cover, of the wings of grafshoppers. ^Shahfpeare.
WaTjonner. n.f [from wagon.J One who drives a wa¬
gon.
By this, the northern waggoner had fet
His l'evenfold team behind the fledfaft ftar;
I hat was in ocean waves yet never wet. Fairy Queen, b. 1.
Gallop apace, you fi’ry-footed fteeds.
Tow rd Phoebus’ manhon ! luch a waggoner
As Phaeton would whip you to the weft.
A waggoner took notice upon the creaking
that it was the worft wheel that made moft noil’e. L’Ejirange.
The waggoners that curfe their {landing teams,
Wou’d wake e’en drowfy Drufus from his dreams. Dryden.
I deferibed to him the ufe and the nature of it; and the
next day the waggoners arrived with it. Gulliver's Travels.
Wa'gtail. n.f. A bird. Ainfw.
Waid. v. a. [I fuppole for weighed.] Crufhed.
His horfe waid in the back, and fhoulder fhottem Shakefp.
Waif. n.f. [wavium, waivium, law Lat. from wave.] Goods
found, but claim’d by no body; that of which every one
waves the claim. Commonly written weif. Ainfw.
To Wail. v. a. [gualare, Italian.] To moan; to lament; to
bewail.
Wife men ne’er wail their prefent woes.
But prefently prevent the ways to wail. Shakefpeare.
Say, if my fpoufe maintains her royal trufl ?
Or if no more her abfent lord fhe wails.
But the falfe woman o’er the wife prevails ? Pope.
ToWail. v. n. To grieve audibly ; to exprefs forrew.
Son of man wail for the multitude. Ez. xxxii. 18.
I will wail and howl. ATic. i. 8.
WAIL, n.f Audible forrow.
Around the woods
She fighs her fong, which with her wail refound. Thomfon.
Walling, n.f. [from wail.} Lamentation; moan; audible
forrow.
The camp filled with lamentation and mourning, which
would be increafed by the‘weeping and wailing of them,
which fhould never fee their brethren. Knolles.
• Other cries amongfl the Irifh, favour of the Scythian barbarifm; as the lamentations of their burials, with defpairfui
outcries, and immoderate wailings. Spenjcr's Ireland.
Take up wailing for us, that our eyes may run down with
tears. fer. ix. 18.
The wailings of a maiden I recite. Gay.
WaTlful. adj. [from wail and full.] Sorrowful; mourn¬
ful.
Lay lime to tangle herdefires
By wailful fonnets, whofe compofed rhimes
Should be full fraught with ferviceable vows. Shakefpeare.
Wain. n.f. [contracted from wagon.] A carriage.
There antient night arriving, did alight
From her high weary wain. Spenfer.
Yours be the harveft ; ’tis the beggar’s gain,
To glean the fallings of the loaded wain. Dryden.
WaTnrope. n.f. [wain and rope.] A large cord, with which
the load is tied on the wagon.
Oxen and wainropes cannot hale them together. Shakefp.
WaTnscot. n.f. [iwagefehot, Dutch*] The inner wooden co¬
vering of a wall.
Some have the veins more varied and chambletted ; as
oak, whereof wainfeot is made. Bacon.
She never could part with plain wainfeot and clean hang¬
ings. Arbuthnot.
A rat your utmoft rage defies,
That fafe behind the wainfeot lies* Swift.
To WaTnscot. v. a. [waegenfehotten, Dutch.]
1. To line walls with boards.
Mufick foundeth better in chambers wainfeotted, than
hanged. Bacon.
2. To line in general.
It is mofl curioufly lined, or wainfeotted, with a white teftaccous cruft, of the fame fubftance and thicknefs with the
tubuli marini. Grew.
Gay.
She, iS a veil, down to hbr fiender waifi
Her unadorned golden trefles wore,
Difhevel’d. Milton's Par. Loji, b. iv*
They feii’d, and with entangling folds embrac’d, /
His neck twice compafling; and twice his waijl. Denham.
Stiff ftays conftrain her fiender waijl. Gay.
1. The middle deck, or floor of a fliip.
Sheets of water from the clouds are fent,
Which hiding through the planks, the flames prevent.
And flop the fiery peft: four fhips alone
Burn to the waijl, and for the fleet atone. Dryden.
To Wait. v. a. [wachten, Dutch.]
1. To expert; to flay for.
Bid them prepare within ;
I am to blame to be thus waited for. Shakefpearl.
Aw’d with thefe words, in camps they ftill abide.
And wait with longing looks their promis’d guide. Dryden.
Such courage did the ahtierit heroes {how.
Who, when they might prevent, would wait the biow. Dry.
2. To attend ; to accompany with fubmiffion or refpeft.
He chofe a thOufand horfe, the flow’r of all
His warlike troops, to wait the funeral. Dryden.
3. To attend as a confequence of fomething.
Remorfe and heavinefs of heart fhall wait thee,
And everlafting anguilh be thy portion. Rowe.
4. To watch as an enemy.
He is waited for of the fword. fob xv. 22.
To Wait. v. n.
1. To expert; to flay in expectation;
All the days of my appointed time will I wait till my
change come. ^xiv. 14.
The poultry {land
Waiting upon her charitable hand.
2. To pay fervile or fubmiffive attendance;
Though Syrinx your Pan’s miftrels were,
Yet Syrinx well might wait on her. Milton’s Arcades.
One morning Waiting on him at Caufham, fmiling upon
me, he faid, he could tell me fome news of myfelf. Denham.
Fortune and victory he did purfue,
To bring them, as his flaves, to wait on you. Dryden.
A parcel of foldiers robbed a farmer of his poultry, and
then made him wait at table. Swift.
3. To attend. A phrafe of ceremony.
The dinner is on the table; my father defires your worfhlp’s company.—
—I will wait on him. Shakefp. Merry Wives of TVindfori
4. To flay ; not to depart from.
How fhall we know when to wait for, when to decline
perfection. South’s Sermor.si
With Vulcan’s rage the rifmg winds confpire.
And near our palace rolls the flood of fire:
Hafte, my dear father, ’tis no time to wait.
And load my fhoulders with ?. willing freight. Dryden.
I know, if I am deprived of you, I die :
But oh ! I die, if I wait longer for you. A. Philips.
5. To flay by reafon of fome hindrance.
6. To look watchfully.
It is a point of cunning to ivait upon him, with whom you
fpeak, with your eye, as the Jefuits give it in precept. Bacon.
7. To lie in ambufh as an enemy.
Such ambufh waited to intercept thy way. Milton.
8. To follow as a confequence.
It will import thofe men who dwell carelefs, to enter into
ferious confultation how they may avert that ruin, which waits
on fuch a fupine temper. Decay ofPiety.
Wait. n.f. Ambufh; infidious and fecret attempts.
If he hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die ; he that
fmote him fhall be put to death. Num. xxxv. 20.
Why fat’ft thou like an enemy in wait ? Milton.
Wa'iter. n.f. [from zvait.] An attendant; one who attends
for the accommodation of others.
Let the drawers be ready with wine and frefh glafles ;
Let the waiters have eyes, though their tongues muft be
ty’d. B. Johnfons Tavern Academy.
The lead tart or pie,
By any waiter there ftolen and fet by. Bp. Corbet.
A man of fire is a general enemy to all the Waiters where
you drink. Tatler, N°. 6i.
The waiters Hand in ranks; the yeomen cry.
Make room. Swift.
One fide commands a view of the garden, and the other is WaTting gentlewoman. ) nif. [from wait.] An
wainfeotted with looking-glafs. Addifon’s Guardian.
WaiR. n.f. [In carpentry.] A piece of timber two yards long,
and a foot broad. Bailey.
.Waist, n.f. [gwafe, Welfh ; from the verb gwafen, to prefs
or bind.]
I. The fmalleft part of the body; the part below the ribs.
The one feem’d woman to the waijl, and fair,
But ended foul in many a lcaly fold,
Voluminous and vaft, Alilton’s Par. Lojl, b. ii.
WaTting maid.
upper lervant, who attends on a lady hi
Wa'iting woman. 3 her chamber.
He made mb mad,
To talk fo like a waiting-gentlexvoman,
Of guns, and drums, and wounds. Shakefp. Hen, IV.
I libbertigibbet, prince af mopping and mowing, fince ppffefles chamber-maids and waiting-wofUen. Shakefp. K. Lear.
T he waiting-woman might be converfant in romances. Swift.
The waiting-maid hopes to ingratiate herfelf. Swift.
'‘l"* I o
W A K W A L
T6 WAftE. v.n. [ivakan, Gothick; pacian, Saxon ; waeckcn,
Dutch.]
1. To watch ; not to deep.
All night flie watch’d, ne once a-down would lay
Her dainty limbs in her fad dreriment,
But praying ft'ill did wake, and waking did lament. Spenfer.
The father waketb for the daughter, and the care for her
taketh away deep. _ Eccluf. xlii. 9.
Thou holdeft mine eyes waking. Pf Ixxvii. 4.
In the valley of Jehofhaphat,
The judging God fhall clofe the book of fate ;
And there the laft aflizes keep,
For thofe who wake, and thofe who deep. Dryden.
I cannot think any time, waking or deeping, without be¬
ing fendble of it. Locke.
Though wifdom wakes, fufpicion deeps. Milton.
2. To be routed from deep.
Each tree ftirr’d appetite, whereat I wak’d. Milton.
3. To ceafe to deep.
The fillers awaked from dreams, which dattered them with
more comfort, than their waking would confent to. Sidney.
Come, thou powerful God,
And thy leaden charming rod,
Dipt in the Lethean lake.
O’er his watchful temples fhake,
Left he fhould deep, and never wake. Denham.
4. To be put in adtion ; to be excited.
Gentle airs to fan the earth now wak’d. Milton.
To Wake. v. a. [peccian, Saxon; weeken, Dutch.]
1. To roufe from deep.
They wak’d each other, and I flood and heard them, Sha.
The waggoners that curfe their {landing teams,
Wou’d wake e’en drowfy Drufus from his dreams. Dryden.
Shock, who thought fhe dept too long,
Leap’d up, and wak’d his miflrefs with his tongue. Pope.
2. To excite; to put in motion, or a&ion.
Prepare war, wake up the mighty men ; let them come
up. 7oel ilL 9*
Thine, like Amphion’s hand, had wak’d the ftone,
And from deftrudtion call’d the rifing town ;
Nor could he burn fo fall, as thou couldft build. Prior.
What you’ve faid,
Has wak’d a thought in me, which may be lucky. Rowe.
To wake the foul by tender flrokes of art.
To raife the genius, and to mend the heart. Prol. to Cato.
9. To bring to life again, as if from the deep of death.
To fecond life,
Wak’d in the renovation of the juft. Milton.
Wake. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The feaft of the dedication of the church, formerly kept by
watching all night.
Fill oven ful of dawnes, Ginnie paffe not for deepe,
Tomorrow thy father his wake-6aie will keepe. Puffer.
The droiling peafant fcarce thinks there is any world beyond
his village, nor gaiety beyond that of a wake. Gov. ofTongue.
Putting all the Grecian adlors down.
And winning at a wake their pardey crown. Dryden.
Sometimes the vulgar will of mirth partake.
And have exceflive doings at their wake. King’s Art of Cook.
2. Vigils ; ftate of forbearing deep.
By dimpled brook, and fountain brim,
The wood-nymphs deckt with daides trim.
Their merry wakes and paftimes keep :
What hath night to do with deep \ Milton.
W'a'keful. adj. [wake andfull.] Not deeping; vigilant.
Before her gate high God did fweat ordain.
And wakeful watches ever to abide. Spenfer.
Why doft thou fhake thy leaden feeptre ? go,
Beftow thy poppy upon wakeful woe,
Sicknefs and forrow, whofe pale lids ne’er know
Thy downy finger ; dwell upon their eyes,
Shut in their tears ; fhut out their miferies. Crajhaw.
All thy fears.
Thy wakeful terrors, affrighting dreams.
Have now their full reward. Denham’s Sophy.
Didembling deep, but wakeful with the fright,
The day takes oft the pleafure of the night. Dryden.
Wa'kefulness. n.f. [from wakeful.']
1. Want of deep.
Other perfumes are fit to be ufed in burning agues, confumptions, and too much wakefulnefs. Bacon s JSat. Hijl.
2. Forbearance of deep.
To Wa'ken. v.n. [from wake.] To wake; to ceafe from
deep ; to be roufed from deep.
Early Turnus wak’ning with the light,
All clad in armour, calls his troops to dght. Dryden.
To Wa'ken. v.a.
t. To roufe from deep.
When he was waken’d with the noife,
And faw the beaft fo fmall;
What’s this, quoth he, that gives fo weak a voice.
That wakens men withal ? Spenfer,
8
A man that is wakened out of deep. Zecb. iv. r.
We make no longer flay ; go, waken Eve. Milton,
2. To excite to action.
Then Horner’s and Tyrtseus’ martial mufe
Waken’d the world, and founded loud alarms. Rofcommcn.
3. To produce ; to bring forth.
They introduce
Their facred fong, and waken raptures high. Milton.
Wa/kerobin. n.f. [A plant.] The leaves are entire, long,
and triangular at the bafe : the dower confifts of one leaf,
fhaped like an afs’s eye : from the bottom of the dower rifes
the pointal, with embryo’s, each of which becomes a roundifh
berry, containing feeds. Miller.
Wale. n.f. [fell, Saxon; a web.] A rifing part in the furface of cloth.
To Walk. v.a. [walen, German; pealcan, Saxon, to roll.]
1. To move by leifurely fteps, fo that one foot is fet down, befor the other is taken up.
What mean you, Csefar ? think you to walk forth ? Sha.
A man was feen walking before the door very compofedly. Cla.
2. It is ufed in the ceremonious language of invitation, for cane
or go.
Sir, walk in.-
—I had rather zvalk here, I thank you. Shakefpeare.
3. To move for exercife or amufement.
Thefe bow’rs as wide as we need walk. Milton.
4. To move the doweft pace. Not to trot, gallop, or amble.
Applied to a horfe.
5. To appear as a fpe&re.
The fpirits of the dead
May walk again ; if fuch thing be, thy mother
Appear’d to me laft night. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
It then draws near the feafon
Wherein the fpirit is wont to walk. Shakefp. Hamlet.
There were walking fpirits of the houfe of York, as well
in Ireland as in England. Davies’s Ireland.
Some fay no evil thing that walks by night.
In fog, or fire, by lake, or moorifh fen.
Blue meagre hag, or ftubborn unlaid ghoft.
That breaks his magick chains at curfew time ;
No goblin, or fwart fairy of the mine.
Hath hurtful pow’r o’er true virginity. Milton.'
6. To aft on any occafion.
Do you think I’d walk in any plot.
Where Madam Sempronia fhould take place of me,
And Fulvia come i’ th’ rear ? B. fohnfon.
7. To be in motion. Applied to a clamorous or abufive fe¬
male tongue ; and is drill in low language retain’d.
As fhe went, her tongue did walk
In foul reproach, and terms of vile defpight;
Provoking him by her outragious talk,
8. To act in deep. <
When was it fhe laft walk'd?-
-I have feen her rife from her bed, unlock her clofet.
take forth paper, fold it, write upon’t, read it, and return to
bed ; yet all this while in a moft faft deep. Shakefp. Macbeth.
9. To range ; to move about.
Affairs that walk,
As they fay fpirits do at'midnight, have
In them a milder nature, than the bufinefs
That feeks difpatch by day. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
10. To move off.
When he comes forth, he will make their cows and garrans to walk, if he doth no other harm to their perfons. Spenf.
11. To a£l in any particular manner.
Do juftly, love mercy, and walk humbly with thy God. Mic.
If thou forget the Lord, and walk after other gods, ye
fhall furely perifh. Dent. viii. 19.
I’ll love with fear the only God, and walk
As in his prefence. Milton.
12. To travel.
The Lord hath bleffed thee; he knoweth thy walking
through this wildernefs.
o
Dent. ii. 7.
To Walk. v. a.
1. To pals through.
I do not without danger walk thefe ftreets. Shakefpeare.
No rich or noble knave.
Shall zvalk the world in credit to his grave. Pope.
2. To lead out, for the fake of air or exercife.
Walk. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Act of walking for air or exercife.
Not walk by moon without thee, is fvveet. Milton.
Her keeper by her fide.
To watch her walks, his hundred eyes applied. Dryden.
Philander ufed to take a walk in a neighbouring wood. Addif.
I long to renew our old intercourfe, our morning con¬
ferences, and our evening walks. Pope.
2. Gait; Hep; manner of moving.
Morpheus, of all his numerous train, exprefs’d
The fhape of man, and imitated heft ;
The walk, the words, the gefture could fupply,
The habit mimick, and the mien fupply. Dryden.
3- A
W A L
3. A length of fnace, or circuit through which one walks.
He ufually from hence to th’ palace gate
Makes it his walk. Shakefp. Macbeth.
If that way be your walk, you have not far. Milton.
She would never mifs one day,
A walk fo fine, a fight l'o gay. Prior.
4. An avenue fet with trees.
He hath left you all his walks.
His private harbours, and new-planted orchards.
On that fide the liber. Shakefpeare's 'Julius Ccefar.
Goodlieft trees planted with Walks and bow’rs. Milton.
5. Way; road; range; place of wandering.
The mountains are his walks, who wand’ring feeds
On flowly-fpringing herbs. Sandys's Paraphrafe.
Set women in his eye, and in his walk,
Among daughters of men the faireft found. Milton.
Our fouls, for want of that acquaintance here.
May wander in the ftarry walks above. Dryden.
Yhat bright companion of the fun.
Whofe glorious afpebt feal’d our new-born king;
And now a round of greater years begun.
New influence from his vaalks of light did bring. Dryden.
Wanting an ampler fphere to expatiate in, he open’d a
boundlefs walk for his imagination. Pope.
6. [Turbo, Lat.J A fifh. Ainfw.
7. Walk is the flowed: or leaf! raifed pace, or going of a
horfe. In a walk, a horfe lifts two legs of a fide, one after
the other, beginning with the hind leg firft; as fuppofe that
he leads with the legs on his right fide, then he lifts his far
hind foot firft; and in the time that he is fetting it down,
which in a ftep is always fhort of the tread of his fore foot
upon the fame fide, he lifts his far fore foot, and fets it down
before his near foot, and juft as he lifts up his near hind toot,
and fets it down again juft fhort of his near fore foot, and
juft as he is fetting it down, he lifts his near tore foot, and fets
it down juft before his far fore foot. Farrier's Diet.
'Wa'lker. n. f. [from walk.'] One that walks.
I ride and walk, and am reputed the beft walker in this
town. Swift to Gay.
May no fuch vicious walkers croud the ftreet. Gay.
**J<VaYkingstaff. n.J. A ftick which a man holds to tupport him in walking.
The club which a man of an ordinary fize could not lift,
was but a walkingflaff for Hercules. Glanville.
WALL. n.f. [wal, Welfh; vallum, Lat. pall, Saxon ; walk,
Dutch.]
1. A feries of brick or ftene carried upwards, and cemented
with mortar; the fides of a building.
Poor Tom ! that eats the u/«//-newt and the waternew^# Shakefp. K. Lear.
Where though I mourn my matchlefs lofs alone,
Andmone between my weaknefs judge and me ;
Yet ev’n thefe gentle walls allow my moan,
Whofe doleful echo’s with my plaints agree. Wotton.
Part rife in cryftal wall or ridge direbt. Milton.
2. Fortification; works built for defence. In this fenfe it is
commonly ufed plurally.
With love’s light wings did I o’erperch thefe walls \
For ftony limits cannot hold out love. Shakefpeare.
General, the walls are thine :
Witnefs the world, that I create thee here
My lord and mafter. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
A prey
To that proud city, whofe high walls thou faw’ft
Left in confufion. Milton’s Par. LoJI, b. xii.
I rufh undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden.
3. T0 take the wall. To take the upper place ; not to give place.
I will take the wall of any man or maid of Mon¬
tague’s. Shakefpeare's Romeo and Juliet.
When once the poet’s honour ceafes,
From reafon far his tranfports rove :
And Boileau, for eight hundred pieces,
Makes Louis take the wall of Jove. Prior.
To Wall. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To inclofe with walls.
There bought a piece of ground, which Birfa call’d,
From the bull’s hide they firft inclos’d and wall'd. Dryden.
2. To defend by walls.
The walled towns do work my greater woe ;
The foreft wide is fitter to refound
The hollow echo of my careful cries. Spenfer.
His council advifed him to make himfelf mafter of fome
good walled town. Bacon's Hen. VII.
The Spaniards caft themfelves continually into roundels,
their ftrongeft Ihips walling in the reft. Bacon's War with Spain.
And terror of his name, that walls us in
From danger. Denhams Sophy.
Wallcree'per. n.f A bird. . Ainfw.
Wa'llet. n. f. [peallian, to travel, Saxon.]
j. A bag, in which the neccflaries of a traveller are put; a knapfack.
WAN
Having entered into a long gallery, he laid down his warlet,
and fpread his carpet, in order to repofe himfelf upon it. Add:
2 Any thing protuberant and fwagging.
Who would believe, that there were mountaineers
Dew-Iaptlike bulls, whofe throats had hanging at them
Wallets offlefh. _ Shakefpeare.
Wallf/yed. adj. [wall and eye.] Having white eyes.
Wall-eyed Have ! whither wouldft thou convey
This growing image of thy fiend-like face ? 6ha’efpeare.
Wallflower, n.f. See Stockgilliflower, of which
it is a fpecies.
Wallflowers are of feveral forts; as the common ones, the
great fingle ones, the great double ones, the fingle white,
the double white, the double red, and the pale yellow; all
which flower about the end of March, and in May or
April. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
WaYlfruit. n.f. Fruit, which to be ripened, muft be
planted againft a wall.
To wallfruit and garden-plants, there cannot be a w'orfe
enemy than fnails. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
To WaLlop. v.n. [pealan, to boil, Saxon.] To boil.
WaYlouse. n. f. [citrfex, Lat.] An infebt. ( Ainfw*
To WALLOW, v.n [walugan, Gothick; palpiln, Saxon.]
1. To move heavily and clumfily.
Part, huge of bulk !
Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait,
Tempeft the ocean. Milton's Par. LoJI, b. vii.
2. To roll himfelf in mire, or any thing filthy.
Gird thee with fackcloth, and wallow thyfelf in allies. Jer.vu
Dead bodies, in all places of the camp, wallowed in their
own blood. Knoltes's Hijl. ofthe lurks.
A boar was wallowing in the water, when a horfe was go¬
ing to drink. L'Ejirange.
3. To live in any ftate of filth or grofs vice.
God fees a man wallowing in his native impurity, delivered
over as an abfolute captive to fin, polluted with its guilt, and
enflaved by its power ; and in this moll loathfome condition,
fixes upon him as an objebt of his diftinguilhing mercy. South.
A WaYlow. n.f. [from the verb.] A kind of rolling walk.
One taught the tofs, and one the French new wallow ;
His fword-knot this, his cravat that defign’d. Dryden.
WallruY. n.f. An herb. Ainfw.
WaYlwort. n.f. A plant, the fame with dwarf-elder, or
danewort. See Elder.
WaYnut. n.f. [palp pnuva, Saxon, mix juglansf The charabters are ; it hath male flowers, or katkins, which are pro¬
duced at remote diftances from the fruit on the fame tree ;
the outer cover of the fruit is very thick and green, under
which is a rough hard fhell, in which the fruit -is inclofed,
furrounded with a thin fkin: the kernel is deeply divided into
four lobes ; and the leaves of the tree are pinnated or winged.
The fpecies are, 1. The common walnut. 2. The large
French walnut. 3. The thin-fhell’d walnut. 4. The dou¬
ble walnut. 5 1 he late-ripe walnut. 6. The hard-fheH'd
walnut. 7. The Virginian black walnut. 8. Virginian
black walnut, with a long furrowed fruit. 9. The hickery,
or white Virginian walnut. 10. I he fmall hickery, or white
Virginian walnut. Miller.
’Tis a cockle, or a walnut-{ht\\ ;
A knack, a toy. Shakefp Taming ofthe Shrew.
Help to fearch my houfe this one time ; if I find not what
I feek, let them fay of me, as jealous as Ford, that fearcheth
a hollow walnut for his wife’s leman. Shakefpeare.
Some woods have the veins fmooth as fir and walnut. Bacon.
WaYlpepper. n.f. See Houseleek, of which it is a fpecies.
WaYtron. n.f.
The morle, or waltron, is called the fea-horfe. Woodward.
To Wa'mble. v.n. [wemmelen, Dutch.] To roll with naufea
and ficknefs. It is ufed of the ftomach.
A covetous man deliberated betwixt the qualms of wam¬
bling ftomach, and an unfettled mind. L'EJlrange.
Wan. adj. [pann, Saxon; gwan, weakly, Welfh.] Pale, as
with ficknefs ; languid of look.
Sad to view his vifage pale and wane.
Who erft in flowers of frefheft youth was clad. Fa. £hteen.
All the charms of love,
Salt Cleopatra, foften thy wan lip !
Let witchcraft join with beauty. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Why fo pale and wan, fond lover ?
Pr’ythee, why fo pale ?
Will, when looking well can’t move her.
Looking ill prevail ? Suckling.
Their courfe through thickeft conftellations held.
Spreading their bane ; the blafted ftars look’d wan. Milton.
How chang’d from him,
Companion of my arms ! how wan ! how dim !
How faded all thy glories ! Dryden.
Wan. for won ; the old pret. of win.
And thofe with which th’ Eubean young man wan
Swift Atalanta, when through craft he her outran. Spenfer.
30 G H«
\
W A N
He wan the king with fecrecy and diligence ; but chiefly
becaufe he was his old lervant in his lefs fortunes. Bacon.
Wand. n.f. [yaahd, Danifh.J
I.A fmall flick, or twig ‘ a long rod.
The fkilful fhepherd peel’d me certain wands. Shakefp.
With a whip or wand, if you flrike the air, the fharper
and quicker you flrike it, the louder found it giveth. Bacon.
His ipear, to equal which the tallefl pine
Hewn on Norwegian hills, to be the malt
Of iome great admiral, were but a wand. Milton.
A child runs away laughing, with good fmart blows of a
wand on his back, who would have cried for an unkind
word. Locke on Education.
1.Any flaff of authority, or ufe.
Thoueh he had both fpurs and wand, they feemed rather
marks of fovereignty, than inflruments of punifhment. Sidney.
He held before his decent fleps a filver wand. Milton.
3. A charming rod.
Nay, lady, fit; if I but wave this wand,
Your nerves are all chain’d up in alabafler. Milton.
Picus bore a buckler in his hand ;
His other wav’d a long divining wand. Dryden.
To Wa'nder. v. n. [panbjuan, Saxon ; wandclen, Dutch.]
1. To rove ; to ramble here and there; to go, without any
certain courfe. It has always an ill fenfe.
I have no will to wander forth of doors. Shakefpeare.
I will go lofe myfelf.
And wander up and down to view the city. Shakefpeare.
The old duke is banifh’d ; four loving lords have put themfelves into exile with him, whofe revenues enrich the new
duke ; therefore he gives them good leave to wander. Shakefp.
Then came wand.'ring by
A fhadow like an angel, with bright hair
Dabbled in blood, and he fhriek’d out aloud. Shakefpeare.
They wandered about in fheeps and goats fkins. Heb. xi.
Let them zvander up and down for meat. Pf lix.
From this nuptial bow’r,
How fhall I part, and whither wander down
Into a lower world ? Milton's Par. Lofl, b. xi.
Here fhould my wonder dwell, and here my praife ;
But my fixt thoughts my wand'ring eye betrays. Denham.
A hundred years they wander on the fhore. Dryden.
Virgil introduces his ./Eneas in Carthage, before he brings
him to Laurentum; and even after that, he wanders to the
kingdom of Evander. Dryden s Dufrefnoy.
2. To deviate ; to go aflray.
O let me not wander from thy commandments. Pf. cxix.
They give the reins to wand.'ring thoughts,
’Till by their awn perplexities involv’d.
They ravel more. Milton.
To Wa'nder. v. a. To travel over, without a certain courfe.
The nether flood
Runs diverfe, wand'ring many a famous realm. Milton.
Thofe few efcap’d
Famine and anguifh, will at laft confume,
Wand'ring that wat’ry defart. Milton's Par. LoJ}, b. ix.
See harnefs’d fleeds defert the ftony town.
And wander roads unftable, not their own. Gay.
Wa'nderer. n.f. [from wander.] Rover; rambler.
Nor for my peace will I go far,
As wanderers that flill do roam ;
But make my ftrengths fuch as they are.
Here in my bofom, and at home. B. Johnfon.
He here to every thirfly wanderer,
By fly enticement, gives his baneful cup. Milton.
The whole people is a race of fuch merchants as are wan¬
derers by profeffion, and at the fame time are in all places in¬
capable of land,s or offices. Spectator, N° 495.
Tafte, that eternal wanderer, which flies,
From head to ears, and now from ears to eyes. Pope.
Wa'ndering. n f. [from wander.]
I. Uncertain peregrination.
He afks the god, what new appointed home
Should end his wand'rings, and his toils relieve ? Addifon.
2 Aberration ; miftaken way.
If any man’s eagernefs of glory has made him overfee the
way to it, let him now recover his ivanderings. Decay of Piety.
3.Incertainty ; want of being fixed.
A proper remedy for this wandering of thoughts, would do
great fervice to the ftudious. Locke.
To WANE. v. n. [paman, to grow lefs, Saxon.J
1. To grow lefs ; to decreafe. Applied to the moon.
The hufbandman, in fowing and fetting, upon good reafon
obferves the waxing and warning of the moon. Hakewill.
Waining moons their fettled periods keep.
To fwell the billows, and ferment the deep. Addifon.
2. To decline ; to fink.
A lady far more beautiful
Than any woman in this waining age. Shakefpeare.
I w'ill interchange
My wained ftate for Henry’s regal crown. Shakefp.
W A N
Your father were a fool
1 o give thee all; and in his waining age
Set foot under thy table. Shakefpeare.
In thefe confines flily have I lurk’d,
To watch the waining of mine enemies. Shakefp. Rich. III.
Nothing more jealous than a favourite, towards the wain¬
ing time, and fufpeft of fatiety. Wotton.
I m waining in his favour, yet I love him. Dryden.
You law but forrow in its waining form,
A working fea remaining from a ftorm ;
When the now weary waves roll o’er the deep.
And faintly murmur, ere they fall afleep. Dryden.
Land and trade ever will wax and wane together. Ghild.
Her waining form no longer fhall incite
E°vy in woman, or defire in man. Rowe's Jane Shore.
Wane. n.f. [from the verb.J
1. Decreafe of the moon.
The fowing at the wane of the moon, is thought to make
the corn found. Bacon.
Young cattle, that are brought forth in the full of the
moon, are flronger and larger than thofe that are brought
forth in the wane. Bctcon.
This is fair Diana’s cafe ;
For all alfrologers maintain.
Each night a bit drops off her face,
When mortals lay (he’s in her wane. Swift.
2. Decline; diminution; declenfion.
You’re caff upon an age, in which the church is in its
wane. South.
Wa'nned. adj. [from wan.] Turned pale and faint co¬
loured.
Is it not monftrous that this player here,
But in a fidtion, in a dream of paffion.
Could force his foul fo to his own conceit.
That, from her working, all his vifage wann'd. Shakefp.
Wa'nness. n.f. [from wan.] Palenefs ; languor.
To Want. v. a. [pana, Saxon.]
1. To be without lomething fit or neceffary.
Want no money, Sir John ; you fhall want none. Shakefp.
A man to whom God hath given riches, fo that he
wanteth nothing for his foul of all that he delireth, yet God
giveth him not power to eat thereof. Eccl. vi. 2.
2. To be defective in fomething.
Smells do moil of them want names. Locke.
Nor can this be,
But by fulfilling that which thou didft want.
Obedience to the law. Milton.
3. To fall fhort of; not to contain.
Nor think, though men were none.
That heav’n wou’d want fpedtators, God want praife. Milt.
4. To be without; not to have.
By defending from the thrones above,
Thofe happy places, thou hall: deign’d a-while
To want, and honour thefe. Alilton's Par. Lojl.
How loth I am to have recourfe to rites
So full of horror, that I once rejoice
I want the ufe of fight. Dryden and Lee's Oedipus.
The unhappy never want enemies. ClarijJ'a.
5. To need ; to have need of; to lack.
It hath caufed a great irregularity in our calendar, and
wants to be reformed, and the equinox to be rightly computed. Holder.
God, who fees all things intuitively, does not zvant helps ;
he neither ftands in need of logick, nor ufes it. Baker.
6. 1 o wifh for ; to long for.
Down I come, like glift’ring Phaeton,
Wanting the manage of unruly jades. Shakefpeare.
The fylvans to their fhades retire,
Thofe very fhades and ffreams new fhades and ftreams re¬
quire,
And want a cooling breeze of wind to fan the raging fire. Dry.
What wants my fon ? for know
My fon thou art, and I mull call thee fo. Addifon's Ovid.
Men who want to get a woman into their power, feldom
fcruple the means. CiariJJa.
To Want. v. n.
1. To be wanted ; to be improperly abfent; not to fee in fufficient quantity.
Nor did there want cornice or freeze. Milton.
F inds wealth where ’tis, beftows it where it wants ;
Cities in defarts, woods in cities plants. Denham.
We have the means in our hands, and nothing but the ap¬
plication of them is wanting. Addifon.
As in bodies, thus in fouls, we find
What7t’tfMfr in blood and fpirits, fwell’d with wind. Pope.
The defign, the difpofition, the manners, and the thoughts,
are all before it; where any of thofe are wanting, or imperfedt, fo much wants in the imitation of human life. Dryden.
2. To fail ; to be deficient.
Nor fhall I to the work thou enterprifefl
Be wanting, but afford thee equal aid. Milton.
Though
WANThough England is not wanting in a learned nobility, yet
unhappy circumftances have confined me to a narrow
choice. Dnden’s Dedication to Lord Cijford.
Whatever fortune, good or bad betide,
No time fhall find me wanting to my truth. Dryden.
Religion will never be without enemies, nor thofe enemies
be wanting in endeavours to expol'e it to the contempt of
mankind. Rogers’s Sermons.
Several are againft hts fevere ufage of you, and would be
glad of an oecafion to convince the reft of their error, if you
will not be wanting to yourfelf. Swift
3.To be milled ; to be not had. J
1 Twelve, wanting one, he Hew,
My brethren : 1 alone furviv’d. Dryden.
Oranivorous animals have a long colon and ctecum, which
in carnivorous are wanting. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Want. n.J.
1. Need.
It infers the good
By thee communicated, and our want. Milton.
Parents fhould diftinguiili between the wants of fancy, and
thofe of nature. Locke%
1. Deficiency.
This proceeded not from any want of knowledge, but of
judgment. Dryden.
One objection to Civita Vecchia, is, that the air is not
wholefome : tiiis proceeds from want of inhabitants. AddiJ'on.
The blood flows through the veiiels, by the excels of the
foicc of the heart above the incumbent preflure, which in fat
people is exceflive ; and as want of a due quantity of mo¬
tion of the fluids increafeth fat, the difeafe is the caufe of
itfelf- Arbuthnot on Aliments.
3. The ftate of not having.
You fhall have no reafon to complain of me, for want of a
generous dildain of this world. Pope.
4. Poverty; penury; indigence.
Nothing is fo hard for thofe who abound in riches, as to
conceive how others can be in want. Swift.
5. [panb, Saxon.] A mole,
Wa'nton. n.j. [I his word is derived by Minjbeiv from want
one, a man or woman that Wants a companion. This ety¬
mology, however odd, Junius filently adopts. Skinner, who
had more acutenefs, cannot forbear to doubt it, but offers
nothing better.]
1. Lafcivious ; libidinous; letcherous ; luftful.
Thou art froward by nature, enemy to peace,
Lafcivious, wanton ; more than well befeems
A man of thy profeflion. Shakefp. ILen. VI.
Entic’d to do him wanton rites. Alilton.
2-. Licentious ; diffolute.
My plenteous joys.
Wanton in fulnefs, leek to hide themfelves
In drops of forrow. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Men grown wanton by profperitv,
Study’d new arts of luxury and eafe. Rofcommon.
3. Frolickfome ; gay ; fportive ; airy.
As flies to wanton boys, we are to th’gods :
They kill us for their fport. ° tshakefp. K. Lear.
Note a wild and wanton herd.
Or race of youthful and unhandled colts,
Fetching mad bounds. Shakejp. Merck, of Venice.
Time drives the flocks from field to fold ;
The flow’rs do fade, and wanton fields
To wayward winter reckoning yields. Raleigh.
How eagerly ye follow my dilgrace,
As if it fed ye; and how fleek and wanton
Y’ appear, in every thing may bring my ruin. Shakefpeare.
4. Loofe ; unreftrained.
. How does your tongue grow wanton in het praife 1 Addif.
5. Quick, and irregular of motion.
6. Luxuriant; fuperfluous.
What we by day lop overgrown,
One night or two, with wanton growth derides.
Tending to wild. " Milton.
Women richly gay in gems and wanton drefs. Milton,
y. Not regular ; turned fortuitoully.
The quaint mazes in the wanton green,
For want of tread are undiftinguilhable. Alilton.
Wa'nton. n.f
1. A lafcivious perfon ; aftrumpet; a whoremonger.
An old wanton will be doating upon women, when he can
fcarcefee without fpe&acles. South’s Sermons.
To lip a wanton in a fecure couch.
And to fuppofe her chafte. Shakefp. Othello.
2. A trifler ; an infignificant flutterer.
Shall a beardlefs boy,
A cocker’d, lilken wanton brave your fields.
Mocking the air with colours idly fpread,
And find no check l Shakefpeare’s K. John.
Pafs with your beft violence;
I am afraid you make a wanton of me. Sbakepeare’s Hamlet.
W A R
3. A word of flight endearment.
Peace, my wantons ; he will do,
More than you can aim unto.
To Wa'nton. v. n. [from the noun.]
I. To play lafeivioufly.
He from his guards and midnight tent,
Difguis’d o’er hills and vallies went,
To wanton with the fprightly dame,
B. Johnfon.
And in his pleafure loft his fame. Prior.
To revel; to play.
Oh ! I heard him wan.en in his praife ;
Speak things of him might charm the ears. Otway.
Nature here
Wanton’d as in her prime, and play’d at will
Her virgin fancies. Milton.
O ye mufes ! deign your bleft retreat,
Where Horace wantons at your fpring,
And Pindar fweeps a bolder firing. Fenton.
3- To move nimbly, and irregularly.
WaVtonlv. adv. [from wanton.] Lafeivioufly ; frolickfomely; gayly ; fportively ; carelefsly.
Thou doff but try how far I can forbear.
Nor art that monfter which thou wouldlt appear :
But do not wantonly my paffion move,
I pardon nothing that relates to love. Dryden.
"VVa'N tonness. n.j. [from wanton,]
1. Lafcivioufnefs ; letchery.
The fpirit of wantonnefs is fear’d out of him. Shakefp.
Bulls and goats bled apace ; but neither the violence of the
one, nor the wantonnejs of the other, ever died a vi&im at
any of their altars. South.
2. Sportivenefs ; frolick ; humour.
When I was in France,
Young would be as fad as night.
Only for wantonnefs. Shakefp. K. John.
Love, rais’d on beauty, will like that decay ;
Our hearts may bear its flender chain a day :
As flow’ry bands in wantonnefs are worn,
A morning’s pleafure, and at evening torn. Pope.
3- Licentioufnefs ; negligence of reftraint.
The tumults threatened to abufe all a£ts of grace, and
turn them into wantonnefs. R, Charles.
’Till wantonnefs and pride
Raife out of friendfhip hoftile deeds in peace. Milton.
Waxntwit. n.f. [zvant and wit.] A fool; an idiot.
Such a wantwit fadnefs makes of me,
1 hat I have much ado to know myfelf. Shakefpeare.
Wa'nTy. n.f [I know not whence derived.] A broad girth of
leather, by which the load is bound upon the horfe.
A panel and wanty, pack-faddle and ped.
With line to fetch litter. TuJJ'er.
Wa'ped. adj. [Of this word I know not the original, except
that to whape, to fhock, ordejeCI, is found in Spenfer; from
which the meaning may be gathered.] Deje&ed ; cruftied by
mifery.
Phis makes the zuaped widow wed again. Shakefpeare.
Wapentake, n.f. [from wcepun, Saxon, and take, wapen»
takium, wapentugium, low Latin.]
Wapentake is all one with what we call a hundred: as
upon a meeting for that purpofe, they touched each other’s
weapons, in token of their fidelity and allegiance. Cowel.
Hundred lignifieth a hundred pledges, which were under
the command and afliirance of their alderman; which, as I
fuppofe, was alfo called a u apentake, fo named, of touching
the weapon or fpear of their alderman, and fwearing to fol¬
low him faithfully, and lerve their prince truly. But others
thunk, that a wapentake was ten hundreds, or boroughs. Henfer.
War. n.f. [ werre, old Dutch ; guerre, Fr.]
War may be defined the exercife of violence under fovereign command againft withftanders ; force, authority, and
refiftance being the effential parts thereof. Violence, limited
by authority, is fufficiently diftinguiihed from robbery, and
the like outrages ; yet confifting m relation towards others,
it neceffarily requires a fuppofition of refiftance, whereby the
force of war becomes different from the violence inflidEed
upon flaves or yielding malefa&ors. Raleivh
On, you nobleft Englifh,
Whofe blood is fetcht from fathers of war proof. Shakefp.
After a denunciation or indiCtion of war, the war is no more
confined to the place of the quarrel, but left at large. Bacon.
I law the figure and armour of him, that headed the pea*
fants in the war upon Bern, with the feveral weapons found
on his followers. Additon
2. The inftruments of war, in poetical language.
The god of love inhabits there,
With all his rage, and dread, and grief, and care;
His complement of ftores, and total war. * Prior.
3. Forces; army. Poetically.
(<n th embattled ranks the waves return,
And overwhelm the war. Milton’s Par. Loft, b. xii.
4. A he profeftion ol arms.
Thine
W A R
Thine almighty word leapt down from heaven, as a fierce
man of war into the midlt of a land of deftru&ion. Wijdom.
5. Hoftility ; ftate of oppofition ; aCl of oppofition.
Duncan’s horfes
Turn’d wild in nature, broke their flails, flung out,
Contending ’gainft obedience, as they would
Make war with man. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
To War. v. n. [from the noun ] To make war; to be in a
{late of hoftility.
Was this a face.
To be expos’d againft the warring winds ? Shahc/p.
Why fhould 1 war without the walls of Troy,
That find fuch cruel battle here within ? Shakefpeare.
Make peace with God, for you mull die, my lord.—
— Have you that holy feeling in your foul.
To counfel me to make my peace with God,
And are you yet to your own foul’s fo blind.
That you will war with God, by murd’ring me ? Shake/p.
He teacheth my hands to war. 2 Sam. xxii.
This charge I commit unto thee, foil Timothy, that thou
by them mighteft war a good warfare. 1 Tim. i. 18.
He limited his forces, to proceed in aid of the Britons, but
in no wife to war upon the French. Bacon’s Hen. VII.
We feem ambitious God’s whole work t’ undo ;
With new difeafes on ourfelves we war,
And with new phyftck, a worfe engine far. Donne.
His next defign
Was all the Theban race in arms to join.
And war on Thefeus. Dryden.
To the ifland of Delos, by being reckoned a facred place,
nations warring with one another reforted with their goods,
and traded as in a neutral country. Arbuthnot on Coins.
To War. v. a. To make war upon. A word not any longer
ufed.
And them longtime before great Nimrod was,
That firft the world with fword and fire warred. Spenfer.
To them the fame was render’d, to the end,
To war the Scot, and borders to defend. Daniel’s Civ. War.
To Wa'rble. v.a. [werben, old Teutonick ; wervelen, Ger¬
man ; to twirl, or turn round.]
1. To quaver any found.
2. To caufe to quaver.
Follow me as I fing.
And touch the warbled firing. Milton.
3. To utter mufically.
She can thaw the numbing fpell.
If {he be right invok’d with war bled fong. Milton.
ToWa'rble. v.n.
1. T© be quavered.
Such {trains ne’er warble in the linnet s throat. Cay.
2. To be uttered melodioufly.
A plaining fong, plain-finging voice requires.
For warbling notes from inward cheering flow. Sidney.
There birds refort, and in their kind, thy praife
Among the branches chant in warbling lays. Wotton.
To finCT.
Creatures that liv’d and mov’d, and walk d, or flew ;
Birds on the branches wa bling ; all things Imil d. Milton.
She wa> bled in her throat.
And tun’d her voice to many a merry note,
But indiftina _ Dryden.
A bard amid the joyous circle lings
High airs attemper’d to the vocal firings ;
Whilft warbling to the varied ftrain advance.
Two fprightly youths to form the bounding dance. Pope.
Wa'rbler. n.f. [from warble.] A finger; a fongfter.
Hark ! on ev’ry bough,
In lulling {trains the feather’d warblers woo. Tickell.
Ward. A fyllable much ufed as an affix in compofition, as
heavenward, with tendency to heaven ; hitherward, this way ;
from peapb, Saxon _ r 11 •
Before the could come to the arbour, the faw walking
from her-ward, a man in fhepherdifti apparel. Sidney.
To Ward. v.a. [peapbian, Saxon; waren, Dutch; garder,
French.]
1. To guard ; to watch.
He marched forth towards the caftle wall,
Whofe gates he found fall {hut, ne living wight
To ward the fame, nor anfwer comer’s call. Fairy Queen.
2. To defend ; to protect.
Tell him it was a hand that warded him
From thoufand dangers, bid him bury it. Soakefpcare.
3. 'Fo fence off; to obftrudt, or turn afide any thing milchievous.
Not once the baron lift his armed hand
To ftrike the maid, but gazing on her eyes,
Where lordly Cupid feem’d in arms to {land,
No way to ward or Ihun her blows he tries. Fairfax.
Up and down he traverfes his ground ;
Now wards a felling blow, now ftrikes again. Daniel.
W A R
Toxeus amaz’d, and with amazement flow,
Or to revenge, or ward the coming blow.
Stood, doubting ; and while doubting thus he flood,
Receiv’d the Heel bath’d in his brother’s blood. Dryden.
The pointed javelin warded oft his rage. Addi/on.
The provifion of bread for food ; cloathing to ward off
the inclemency ofthe air, were to be firft look’d after. Woodw.
It inftruCls the lcholar in the various methods of warding
off the force of objections, and of difeovering and repelling
the fubtle tricks of fophifters. Watts’s Itnprov. ofthe Mind.
To Ward. v. n.
1. To be vigilant; to keep guard.
2. To aCl upon the defenfive with a weapon.
So redoubling her blows, drove the ftranger to no other
fhift than to ward and go back. Sidney, b. ii.
Short crooked fwords in clofer fight they wear,
And on their wa> ding arms light bucklers bear. Dryden.
Ward. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Watch; ad of guarding.
Still when {he flept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenfer.
Sublime on thefe a tow’r of fteel is rear’d ;
And dire Tifiphone there keeps the ward.
Girt in her fanguine gown, by night and day,
Obfervantof the fouls that pais the downward way. Dryden.
2. Garrifon ; thofe who are intrufted to keep a place.
By realon of thefe two forts, though there be but
fmall wards left in them, there are two good towns now
grown, which are the greateft flay of both thofe two coun¬
tries. Spenfer.
Th’ affieged caftles ward
Their ftedfaft ftonds did mightily maintain. Spenfer.
3. Guard made by a weapon in fencing.
Thou know’ll my old ipard; here I lay, and thus I bore
my point. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
Come from thy ward,
For I can here difarm thee with this flick. Shakefp. Tempejl.
Now, by proof it {hall appear,
Whether thy horns are {harper, or my fpear.
At this, I threw : for want of other ward.
He lifted up his hand, his front to guard. Dryden.
4. Fortrefs; ftrong hold.
She dwells fecurely on the excellency of her honour. Now
could I come to her with any detection in my hand, I could
drive her from the ward of her purity, her reputation, and a
thoufand other her defences, which now are too too ftrongly
embattled againft me. Shakefp. Merry IVives ofWindfor.
5. [Warda, law Lat.] DiftriCt of a town.
Throughout the trembling city plac’d a guard.
Dealing an equal {hare to every ward. Dryden.
6. Cuftody ; confinement.
That wretched creature being deprehended in that impiety,
was held in ward. Hooker.
Stopt there was his too veh’ment fpeech with fpeed.
And he fent clofe to ward from where he flood. Daniel.
7. The part of a lock, which, correfponding to the proper
key, hinders any other from opening it.
In the key-hole turns
Th’ intricate wards, and ev’ry bolt and bar. Milton.
As there are locks for feveral purpofes, fo are there feveral
inventions in the making and contriving their wards> or
o-uards. lidoxon s Ikdech. Exer.
The keys, as well as the locks, were fitted ward to ward,
by the fame wifdom. Grew’s Cofmology.
8. One in the hands of a guardian.
The king caufeth bring up his wards, but beftoweth no
more of their rents upon them than is uferul. Drummond.
You know our father’s ward,
The fair Monimia : is your heart at peace ?
Is it fo guarded that you could not love her ? Otway.
Thy Violante’s heart was ever thine,
Compell’d to wed, before {he was my ward. Dryden.
When ftern as tutors, and as uncles hard.
We lafti the pupil, and defraud the ward. Dryden.
Titles of honour and privileges, the rich and the great can
never deferve, unlefs they employ them for the protection of
thefe, the true wards and children of God. Sprat.
9. The ftate of a child under a guardian.
I mult attend his majefty’s command, to whom I am now
in ward, evermore in fubjeCtion. Shakefpeare.
Lewis the eleventh of France having much abated tie
greatnefs and power of the peers, would lay, that he a
brought the crown out of ward Bacon.
10. Guardianlhip ; right over orphans. r
It is alfo inconvenient in Ireland, that the wards and mar¬
riages of gentlemen s children flbould be in the difpolal ot
any of thofe lords. SPmf‘rWa'rden. n.f. [waerden, Dutch.]
1. A keeper ; a guardian.
2, A head officer. ,
The warden of apothecaries hall. u-arra.
A magi4
WAR •
3. Warden of the cinque ports.
A magiftrate that has the jurifdi&ion of thofe havens in the
eaft parr of England, commonly called the cinque ports, or
five havens, who has there all that jurifdi&ion which the ad¬
miral of England has in places not exempt. The reafon why
one magiftrate ftiould be afligned to thefe havens feems to be,
becaufe in refpeft of their iituation, they formerly required
a more vigilant care than other havens, being in greater dan¬
cer of invafion by our enemies. Cou’el.
4•'&rum volemum, Lat. 1 know not whence denominated.] A
large pear.
Nor muft all (hoots of pears alike be fet,
C'uftumian, Syrian pears, and wardens great. May’s Virg.
Ox-cheek when hot, and wardens bak’d fome cry.
King.
Wa rder, n.f [from ward.]
I. A keeper ; a guard.
Upon thofe gates with force he fiercely flew,
And rending them in pieces, felly flew
Thofe warders ftrange, and all thatelfe he met. Hubbcrd.
Where be thefe warders, that they wait not here?
Open the gates. Sbake/pearc’s Henry VI.
Though bladed corn be lodg’d and trees blown down,
Though caftles topple on their warders heads. Sbakefpeare.
The warders of the gate but fcarce maintain
Th’ unequal combat, and refift in vain. Dryden.
2. A truncheon by which an officer of arms forbade fight.
Sound trumpets, and fet forward combatants.
— But ftay, the king hath thrown his warder down.
Shakejpeo re.
Then, then, when there was nothing could have ftaid
Mv father from the breaft of Bolingbroke,
O, when the king did throw his warder down.
His own life hung upon the ftaffhe threw. Sbakefpeare.
Wardmote, n.f. [peap;> and mot, or gemor, Saxon; wardcmotus, low Lat.] A meeting ; a court held in each ward or diftridf in London for the direction of their affairs.
Wa'rdroee. n.f [garderobe, French; garderoba, low'Lat.] A
room where deaths are kept.
The third had of their wardrobe cuftody.
In which were not rich tires nor garments gay.
The plumes of pride, and wings of vanity,
But cloaths meet to keep keen cold away. Fairy Qgteen.
I will kill all his coats.
I’ll murder all his tvardrobc piece by- piece
Until I meet the king. Sbakefpeare s Henry IV,
Behold 1
What from his wardrobe her belov’d allows,
To deck the wedding-day of his unfpotted fpoufe. Dryden.
It would not be an impertinent defign to make a kind of
an old Roman wardrobe, where you fhould fee toga s and tu¬
nica’s, the chlamys and trabea, and all the different vefts and
ornaments fo often mentioned in the Greek and Roman au¬
thors. Addifon.
WAR
Wardship n.f. [from ward.]
Guardianfhip.
Bv reafon of the tenures in chief revived, the Turns for re- -7. D_.v .
fpeit of homage be encreafed, and the profits of wardJIAps can- Wa'rxness. n.f [from wary.] Caut.on ; prudent forethought,
r . 0 , » t D.- fimnrrmc frrnniT Gill neiS
Wa'reful. adj. [ware and full ] Cautious; timoroufly pru¬
dent. #
Wa'refulness. n.f. [from wareful.] Cautioufnefs. Obfclcte:
With pretence from Strephon her to guard,
He met her full; but full of wa> efulnefs. Sidney.
Warehouse, n.f. [ware and boufe.] A ftorehoufe of merchandife.
His underftanding is only the warehoufe of other mens lum¬
ber, I mean falfe and unconcluding reafonings rather than a
repofitory of truth for his own ufe. Locke.
She had never more (hips at fea, greater quantities of merchandife in her v:archcufe> than at prefent. Addfon.
She the big warehoufe built,
Rais’d the ftrong crane. _ Thomfon s Autumn.
Wa'reless. adj. [from ware.] Uncautious; unwary. Spenf.
Wa'rely. adv. [from ware.] vVarily; cautioufly; timoroufly.
They bound him hand and foot with iron chains,^
And with continual watch did warely keep. Fairy Quern.
Wa'rfare. n.f [war and fire] Military fervice; limi¬
tary life.
In the wildernefs
He (hall firft lay down the rudiments
Of his great warfare, ere I fend him forth
To conquer fin and death. Milton’s ParaFife Regained.
Faithful hath been your warfare, and of God
Accepted, fearlefs in his righteous caufe. Milton.
Tully, when he read the Tallies, was thinking on the bar
which was his field of battle : the knowledge of warfare is
thrown away on a general who does not make ufe of what he
knows.
The ftate of Chrlftians, even when they are not actually
perfecuted, is a perpetual ftate of warfare and voluntary fufferitiers. Attcrbury’s Sermons.
The feripture has dire&ed us to refer thefe mifearriages in
our Chriftian warfare to the power vf three enemies. Royers.
To Wa'refare. v. n. [from the noun.] To lead a military
life.
That was the only amulet in that credulous warfaring age
to efcape dangers in battles. Camden’s R mains,
Wa'rhaelf.. adj. [war and habile, frombabilh, Lat. or able.]
Militaty; fit for war.
The weary Britons, whofe waihable youth
Was by Maximilian lately led away,
With wretched mileries and woeful ruth,
Were to thofe pagans made an open prey. Fairy Queen.
Wa’rily. adv. [from wary.] Cautioufly; with timorous pru¬
dence ; with wife forethought.
The charge thereof unto a courteous fp’rit
Commended was, who thereby did attend,
And warily awaited day and night,
From other covetous fiends it to defend. Fairy Qtieen.
The change of laws, efi ecially concerning matters of reli¬
gion, muft be warily proceeded in. Hooker.
& It will concern a man to treat confcience awfully and warily,
by ftill obferv ng what it commands, but efpecially what it forSouth’s Sermons.
They fearched diligently and concluded warily. Sprat.
not but be much advanced. Bacon.
2. Pupillage ; ftate of being under ward.
The houfes fued out their livery, and redeemed themfelves
from the wardfoip of tumults. King Charles.
Ware. The preterite of wear, more frequently wore.
A certain man ware no cloaths. Luke viii. 27.
Ware, adj [For this we commonly fay aivarc.]
1. Being in expectation of; being provided againft.
The lord of that fervant (hall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not ware of him.
Matth. xxiv. 50.
2. Cautious; wary.
What man fo wife, what earthly wit fo ware,
As to defery the crafty cunning train
By which deceit doth mafk in Vizor fair. Fairy Queen.
Bid her well be ware and ftill ereCt. Milton.
To Ware. v. n. To take heed of; to beware.
A fhuffled, fullen, and uncertain light
That dances through the clouds, and fhuts again,
Then ware a riling temped: on the main. Dryden.
Ware, n.f [papn, Saxon; waere, Dutch; wara, Swedilh.]
Commonly fomething to be fold.
Let us, like merchan.s, ftiew our fouleft wares.
And think, perchance, they’ll fell. Sbakefpeare.
If the people bring ware or any vi&uals to fell, that we
would not buy it. Nehem. x. 31.
I know thou whole art but a fhop
Of toys and trifles, traps and fnares.
To take the weak, and make them ftop ;
Yet art thou falfer than thy wares.
Why ftiould my black thy love impair ?
Let the dark fhop commend the ware.
He turns himfelf to other wares which he finds your mar¬
kets take off. Locke.
Ben. fohnfon.
Chaveland.
timorous fcrupuloufnefs
For your own confcience he gives innocence.
But for your fame a difereet warinefs. Donne.
To determine what are little things in religion, great wa¬
rinefs is to be ufed. Sprat’s Sermons.
The path was fo very flippery, the (hade fo exceeding
gloomy, and the whole wood fo full of echoes, that they were
force ! to march with tlie greateft warimfs, circumfpeClion and
filcnce. Addifon s Freeholder.
Moll men have fo much of ill nature, or of warinefs, as
not to footh the vanity of the ambitious man. Addfon.
I look upon it to be a moft clear truth; and expreffed it
with more warinefs and referve than was neceffary. Attet bury.
Wark. n f [Anciently ufed for work -, whence bulwark.J
Building.
Thou findeft fault where any’s to be found.
And buildeft ftrong wark upon a weak ground. Spenfer,
Wa'rlike. n.f. [war and like.]
1. Fit for war; difpofed to war.
She ufing fo ftrange, and yet fo well fucceeding a temper,
made her people by peace warlike. ' Sidney.
Old Siward with ten thoufand zvarlike men,
All ready at appoint, was fetting forth. Shakejpeare’s Macbeth.
When a warlike ftate grows foft and effeminate, they may¬
be fure of a war. Bacon.
O imprudent Gauls,
Relying on falfe hopes, thus to incenfe
The warlike Fnghfh. Philips.
2. Military; relating to war.
The great arch-angel from his zvarlike toil
Surceas’d. ° Miltons Paradife Loji.
War'ung. n.f. [from war.] This word is I believe only
found in the following adage, and feems to mean, one often
quarrelled with.
3c H Letter
WAR
;,vbe an oU man’s darlins than a young man’s u'ar-
. Camden s Remains.
WA/RL0CK* \,vardlookr, Iflandick, a charm; pejdoj,
a Rluck. ) Saxon, an evil fpirit. This etymology was comlmimcatcd by Mr. Wife.] A male witch ; a wizzard.
Warluck in Scotland is applied to a man whom the vulgar
iuppofe to be converfant with fpirits, as a woman who car¬
ries on the fame commerce is called a witch : he is fuppofed
to have the invulnerable quality which Dryden mentions, who
did not underftand the word.
He was no warluck, as the Scots commonly call fuch men,
who they fay are iron free or lead free. Dryden.
WARM. adj. [warm, Gothick ; peapm. Sax. warm, Dutch.]
1. Not cold, though not hot; heated to a fmall degree.
He ftretched himfelf upon the child, and the flelh of the
child waxed warm. 2 Kings iv. 34.
Main ocean flow’d, not idle, but with warm
Prolifick humour, foft’ning all her globe. Milton.
2. Zealous; ardent.
I never thought myfelf fo warm in any party’s caule as to
deferve their money. p.g,
Scaliger in his poetics is very warm againft it.
- Broome's Notes on the Odyffey.
3. Violent; furious; vehement.
5j50me day-light; we fliall have ivarm work on’t •
The Moor will ’gage
His utmoft forces on his next affault,
To win a queen and kingdom. Dryden's Spanijb Friar.
4. .Dufy m aChon. r
I hate the ling’ring fummons to attend.
Death ah at once would be a nobler end ;
Fate is unkind : methinks a general
Should warm, and at the head of armies fall. Dryden.
5. ranciful; enthufiaflick.
If there be a fober and a wife man, what difference will there
be between his knowledge and that of the moft extravagant
fancy in the world ? If there be any difference between them,
the advantage will be on the warm-headed man’s fide, as hav¬
ing the more ideas, and the more lively. Locke.
To Warm. v. a. [from the adjective.]
To free from cold ; to heat in a gentle degree.
It (hall be for a man to burn, for he fhall take thereof and
warm himfelf. jja% x]iy> ^
. ^^ere not be a coal to warm at, nor fire to fit before
Ifa. xlvii. 14.
The mounted fun
Shot down direCf his fervid rays to warm
Earth’s inmoft womb. Milton.
1 hefe loft fires with kindly heat
Of various influence, foment and warm. Milton,
2. T. o heat mentally; to make vehement.
The action of Iiomer being more full of vigour than that
of Virgil, is more pleafing to the reader: one warms you bydegrees, the other fets you on fire all at once, and never in-
_term.ts his heat. Drydm_
vv a rmingpan. n.f. [warm and pan.'] A covered brafs pan
for warming a bed by means of hot coals.
Wa'rmingstone. n.f. [warm and.ftone..] To thefe ufeful
itones add the warming-bone, digged in Cornwall, which being once well heated at the fire retains its warmth a great
while, and hath been found to give eafe in the internal hae¬
morrhoids. Fay on the Creation.
vvARMLY. adv. [from warm.]
1. With gentle heat.
There the warming fun firft warmly finote
The open field. m
2. Fagerly; ardently.
Now I have two right honeft wives
One to Atrides I will fend,
And t other to my Trojan friend;
Each prince fliall thus with honour have
W hat both fo warmly feem to crave. Prior.
The ancients expcCt you Ihould do them right in the ac¬
count you intend to write of their characters : I hope you
think more warmly than ever of that defign. Pope
Wa'rmness. I r '
Warmth. \n-f [fromwarm.]
1. Gentle heat.
Then am I the prifoner, and his bed my goal; from the
loathed warmth whereof deliver me. Sbakefpeare's King Lear.
Cold plants have a quicker perception of the heat of the fun
cncreafing than the hot herbs have; as a cold hand will fooner
find a little warmth than an hot. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
ue vital virtue infus’d, and vital warmth
Throughout the fluid mafs. Milton.
Here kindly warmth their mounting juice ferments
To nobler utics, a„d more exalted fonts. Addifon,
2. Zeal; pamon ; fervour of mind.
What warmth is there in your aftfolion towards any of
Aefe princely fultors that arc already come f Sbahf/tare.
WAR
Our duties towards God and man, we Ihould perform with
that unfeigned integrity which belongs to Chriftian pietywith that temper and fobriety which becomes Chriftian pru¬
dence and charity; with that warmth and affeaion which
agrees with Chriftian zeal. Sprat's Sermons.
Your opinion that it is entirely to be negleaed, would have
been my own, had it been my own cafe; but I felt more
warmth here than I did when firft I faw his book againft myfelf. Pope
3. Fancifulnefs ; enthufiafm. ^ ’
The fame warmth of head difpofes men to both. Temple.
To WARN. v. a. [pajjimah, Saxon; waernen, Dutch; warna
Swedifli; varna, Iflandick.]
1. To caution againft any fault or danger; to give previous no¬
tice ofill.
What do’ft thou fcorn me for my gentle counfel?
And footh the devil that I warn thee from ? Shakefpeare.
Our firft parents had been warn'd
The coming of their fecret foe, and ’fcap’d
His mortal fnare. Milton's Paradife Loft.
The hand can hardly lift up itfelf high enough to ftrike, but
it muft be feen ; fo that it warns while it threatens; but a
falfe infidious tongue may whifper a lie fo clofe and low, that
though you have ears to hear yet you fhall not hear. South.
Juturna warns the Daunian chief.
Of Laufus’ danger, urging fwift relief. Dryden.
If we confidcr the miltakes in mens difputes and notions,
how great a part is owing to words, and their uncertain or
miftaken fignifications ; this we are the more carefully to be
warnedof, becaufe the arts of improving it have been made the
bufinefs ofmens ftudy. Locke.
The father, whilft he warn'd his erring fon.
The fad examples which he ought to fhun
Defcrib’d. Prior.
When firft young Maro fung of kings and wars.
Ere warning Phoebus touch’d his trembling ears,
Perhaps he feem’d above the critick’s law.
And but from nature’s fountains fcorn’d to draw. Pope:
2. To admonifh of any duty to be performed, or practice or
place to be avoided or forfaken.
Cornelius was warned from God by an holy angel to fend
for thee. . jpfts x. 22.
He had chidden the rebellious winds for obeying the com¬
mand of their ufurping mafter: he had warned them from
the feas ; he had beaten down the billows. Dryden.
3. To notify previoufly good or bad.
He wonders to what end you have aflembled
Such troops of citizens to come to him,
His grace not being warn'd thereof before. Shake/peerel
He charg’d the foldiers with preventing care,
Their flags to follow, and their arms prepare.
Warn'd of the enfuing fight, and bade ’em hope the war.
Dryden's JEneid.
Man, who knows not hearts, fhould make examples.
Which like a warning-piece muft be fhot off,
To fright the reft from crimes. Dryden s Spanijh Friar.
Warning, n.f. [from warn.]
1. Caution againft faults or dangers; previous notice of ill.
I will thank the Lord for giving me warning in the night. Pf
He groaning from the bottom of his breaft.
This warning in thefe mournful words expreft. Dryden.
Here wretched Phlegias warns the world with cries.
Could warning make the werld more juft or wife. Dryden.
You have fairer warning than others who are unexpectedly
cut off, and fo have a better opportunity, as well as greater
engagements to provide for your latter end. Wake.
A true and plain relation of my misfortunes may be of ufe
and warning to credulous maids, never to put too much truft:
in deceitful men. Swift's Story of the Injured Lady.
2. Previous notice : in a fenfe indifferent.
Death called up an old man, and bade him come; the
man excufed himfelf, that it was a great journey to take upon
fo fhort a warning. L'Eftrange.
I faw with fome difdain, more nonfenfe than either I or as
bad a poet could have crammed into it at a month’s warning ;
in which time it was wholly written. Dryden.
Warp, n.f [pcajip, Saxon; werp, Dutch.] That order of
thread in a thing woven that croffes the woof.
The fourteenth is th'e placing of the tangible parts in length
or tranfverfe, as it is in the warp and the woof of texture,
more inward or more outward. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
To Warp. v. n. [peojipan, Saxon; werpen, Dutch, to throw;
whence we fometimes fay, the work cajls.] To change from
the true fituation by inteftine motion ; to change the pofition
of one part to another.
This fellow will but join you together as they join wainfeot,
then one of you will prove a Ihrunk pannel, and like green
timber warp. Shakefpeare's As you like it.
They clamp one piece of wood to the end of another piece,
to keep it from calling or warping. Melon's Mteh, Exercife.
2. To
WAR WAR
2. To lofe its proper courfe or dire&ion.
There's our commiffion
From which we would not have you warp. Shakefp.
Fhis is ftrange ! methinks
My favour here begins to warp. Shakefpeare.
All atteft this doitr ne, that the pope can give away the
right of any fovereign, if he fl\all never fo little warp. Dryden.
This we fhould do as directly as may be, with as little warp-
*lld declenfion towards the creature as is poffible. Norris.
3. To turn.
The potent rod
Of Amram’s fon in Egypt’s evil day
Wav’d round the coaft, up call’d a pitchy cloud
Of 1 cults, warping on the eaftern wind,
1 hat o er tne realm ol impious Pharaoh hung
Like night. Milton s Paradife Lojl.
To W arp. v.a. J
1. To contract; tofhrivel.
2. 1 o turn alide from the true direction.
T his firfl avow’d, nor folly warp'd my mind ;
Nor the frail texture of the female kind
Betray’d mv virtue. Drydeni
Not foreign or domeftick treachery
Could warp thy foul to their unjuft decree. Dryden.
A great argument of the goodnefs of his caufe, which re¬
quired in its defender zeal, to a degree of warmth able to
warp the facred rule of the word of God. Locke.
I have no private confiderations to warp me in this controverfy, lince my firfl entering upon it. Addifon.
Not Warp'd by paffion, aw’d by rumour.
Not grave through pride, or gay through folly ;
An equal mixture of good humour,
And fenfible foft melancholy. Swift.
A conftant watchtulnefs againft all thofe prejudices that
might warp the judgment afide from truth. IVatts.
3. It is ufed by Shakejpe 're to exprefs the effeift of froft.
Freeze, freeze, thou bitter fky,
Thou do’ft not bite fo nigh
As benefits forgot:
Though thou the waters warp>
Thy fling is not fo fharp
As friends remember’d not. Sbak. As you like it.
To WA'RRANT. v. n. [garantir, French.]
1. To fupport or maintain; to attefl.
She needed not difdain any fervice, though never fo mean,
which was warranted by the facred name of hither. Sidney.
He that readeth unto us the Scriptures delivereth all the
myfteries of faith, and not any thing amongfl them all more
than the mouth of the Lord doth warrant. Hooker.
If this internal light be conformable to the principles of
reafon, or to the word of God, which is attefted revelation,
reafon warrants it, and we may fafely receive it for true. Locke.
2. To give authority.
Now we’ll together, and the chance of goodnefs
Be like our warranted quarrel. Shake/. Macbeth.
3. To juflify.
How can any one vjarrant himfelf in the ufe of thofe things
agaiiYft fuch fufpicions, but in the truft he has in the common
honefly and truth of men in general ? South.
True fortitude is feen in great exploits.
Thatjuftice warrants and that wifdom guides ;
All elfe is tow’ring frenzy and diflradion. Addifon.
4. To exempt; to privilege; to fecure.
If my coming, whom, fhe faid, he feared, as foon as he
knew me by the armour, had not warranted her from that
near approaching cruelty. Sidney.
Thefe thoughts cannot, in this your lonelinefs, warrant you
from fufpicion in others, nor defend you from melancholy in
yoarfelf. _ Sidney.
I’ll warrant him from drowning. Shake/p. Tempejl.
In a place
Lefs warranted than this, or lefs fecure,
I cannot be, that I fhould fear to change it. Milton.
5. To declare upon furety.
WTiat a galled neck have we here! Look ye, mine’s as
fmooth as filk, I warrant ye. L'E/range.
The Moors king
Is fafe enough, I warrant him for one. Dryd. Span. Fryar,
Wa'rrant. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A writ conferring fome right or authority.
Are you now going to difpatch this deed ?
•—We are, my lord, and come to have the warrant,
'That we may be admitted where he is. Shah. Rich. Ill,
•He fent him aWarrant for one thoufand pounds a year penfion for his life. Clarendon.
2. A writrgiving the officer of juftice the power of caption.
There was a damn’d defign, cries one, no doubt;
'Forwarrants are already ifiued out. Dryden’s 'Juvenal.
3- A juftificatory commiffion or teftimony,
His-promife is our plain warranty that in his name what we
alk we fliall receive. Hooker.
Is this a ivarrant fufficient for any man’s confcience to build
fuch proceedings upon, as have been and are put in ufe for
the eftablifhment of that caufe? HookerI he place of Paradife might be feen unto Mofes, and unto
the prophets which fucceeded him; both which I take for my
warrant to guide me in this difeovery. Raleigh.
His warrant does the Chriftian faith defend;
On that relying, all their quarrels end. Waller.
The Jewifh religion was yet in pofleffion ; and therefore, that
this might fo enter as not to intrude, it was to bring its warrant
from the fame hand of Omnipotence. South’s Sermons.
4.Right; legality. Obfolete.
I attach thee
For an abufer of the world, a pradlieer
Of arts inhibited and out of warrant. Shake/ Othello.
Therefore to horfe,
And let us not be dainty of leave-taking,
But fhift away : there’s warrant in that theft.
Which fteals itfelf when there’s no mercy left. Shake/p.
Warrantable, adj. [from warrant. ] Juftifiable; defenfible.
To purchafe a clear and warrantable body of truth, we muft
forget and part with much we know. Brown.
His meals are coarfe and fhort, his employment warrant¬
able, his fleep certain and refrefhing. South.
If I can mend my condition by any warrantable induftry,
the way is fair and open ; and that’s a privilege every reafonable creature has in his commiffion. L’E/lrange.
Wa’rrantableNEiS. n.f [from warrantable.] Juftifiablenefs.
By the foil thereof you may fee the noblenefs of my defire
to you, and the warrantab'ene/s of your favour tome. Sidney.
Wa'rrantably. adv. [from warrantable.] Juftifiably.
The faith which God requires is only this, that he will cer¬
tainly reward all thofe that believe in him, and obey his com¬
mandments ; but for the particular application of this faith to
ourfelves, that deferves no more of our aflent, nor can indeed
w.irrantably have it, than what is founded upon the ferious
confideration of our own performances. Wake.
Warranter, n./ [from warrant.]
1. One who gives authority.
2. One who gives fecurity.
WaRrantise. n.f [warranii/o, law Latin; from warrant.]
Authority; fecurity.
There’s none protedlor of the realm but I:
Break up the gates, I’ll be your warrantee. Shake/. H. VI.
WaRranty. n.f [warrantia, law Latin ; garantie, garant,
French.]
1. [In the common law.] A promife made in a deed by one man
unto another for himfelf and his heirs, to fecure him and his
heirs againft ail men, for the enjoying; of any thine agreed of
between them. Cowel.
2. Authority ; juftificatory mandate.
Her obfequies have been fo far enlarg’d
As we have wa ranty : her death was doubtful j
And but that great command o’erfways the order.
She fhould in ground unfanclify’d have lodg’d
’Till the laft trump. Shakefpeare:
In the ufe of thofe epithets we have the warranty and confent of all the churches, fince they ever had a liturgy. Taylor.
3. Security.
Every one cannot diftinguifh between fine and mixed filver ;
thofe who have had the care and government of politick focieties, introduced coinage as a remedy: the ftamp was a
warranty of the publick, that under fuch a denomination they
fhould receive a piece of fuch a weight and finenefs. Locke.
To Warra'y. v. a. [from war.] To make war upon.
ButEbranc falved both their infancies
With noble deeds, and warrayd on Brunchild
In Hainault, where yet of his victories
Brave monuments remain, which yet that land envys. F.
Of thefe a mighty people fhortly grew.
And puiftant kings, which all the world warraid^
And to themfelves all nations did fubdue. Fairy Sfueen.
This continual, cruel, civil war,
The which myfelf againft myfelf do make,
Whilft my weak powers of paftions warraid are.
No fkiil can flint, nor reafon can aflake. Spenfcr.
Six years were run fince firfl in martial guife
The Chriftian lords warraid the eaftren land. Fairfax.
Warre. adj. [pcejiji, Saxon.] Worfe, Obfolete.
They fay the world is warre than it wont.
All for her fhepherds is beaftly and bloont:
Others faine, but how truly I note,
All for they holden fhame of their cote. Spenfer’s Fafl.
WA'RREN. n.f. [vaaerande, Dutch; guerenne, French.] A
kind of park for rabits.
I found him here, as melancholy as a lodge in a warren.
Sbakejp. Much Ado about Nothing.
The coney convenes a whole warrtn7 tells het flory, and
advifes upea a revenge. JJEjtrange.
Men
WAS WAS
Men fhould fet fnares in their warrens to catch polcats and
foxes. Drydens Spanijh Fryer.
Wa'rrener. n.f. [from warren.] The keeper of a warren.
Wa'rriour. n.f. [from war.] A folJier; a military
man.
I came from Ccrinth,
Brought to this town by that mod famous warrior,
Duke Menaphon. Sbakefp. Comedy oj E, rours.
Fierce fiery warriors fight upon the clouds,
In ranks and fquadrons and right form of war,
Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol. Sbakefp. Jul. CaJ.
I fine; the warriour and his mighty deeds. Lauderdale.
The warriour horfes ty’d in order fed. Dryden s /En.
The mute walls relate the warriou*'s fame.
And Trojan chiefs the Tyrians pity claim. Drydens /En.
Camilla led her troops, a warriour dame;
Unbred to fpinning, in the loom unfkill’d,
Shechofe the nobler Pallas of the field. Dryden’s /En.
WART. n.f. [peapr, Saxon; werte, Dutch.] A corneous
excrefcence ; a fmall protuberance on the flefh.
If thou prate of mountains, let them throw
Millions of acres on us, ’till our ground.
Singeing his pate againd the burning fun.
Make Ofla like a wart. Shah. Hamlet.
]n old datues of done, which have been put in cellars, the
feet'of them being bound with leaden bands, there it appeared
the lead did fwell, infomuch as it hanged upon the done like
warts. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Like vile dones lying in faffron’d tin.
Or warts, or weals, it hangs upon her lkin. . Donne.
In painting, the warts and moles, adding a likenefs to the
face, are not to be omitted. Dryden s Duft efnoy.
He is taken with thofe warts and moles, and hard features,
bv thofe who reprelent him on the dage, or he is no more
Achilles. Diyden.
Malpighi, in his treatife of galls, under which he compre¬
hends all preternatural and morbofe tumours of plants, doth
demondrate that all fuch warts, tumours and excrefcences,
where any infeCts are found, are excited or raifed up by fome
venenofe liquors, which with their eggs fuch infeCts died; or
boring with their terebrae, indil into the very pulp of fuch
but}s. Ray on the Creation.
Wa'rtwort. n.f. [wart and wort.] Spurge.
Wa'rty. adj. [from wart.] Grown over with warts.
Wa'rworn. adj. [war and worn ] Worn with war.
Their gedure fad,
Inved in lank lean cheeks and warworn coats,
Prefented them unto the gazing moon
So many horrid ghods. Shakef Henry V.
Wa'ry. adj. [peep, Saxon.] Cautious; fcrupulous; timoroufly prudent.
He is above, and we upon earth; and therefore it behoveth
cur words to be wary and few. Hooker.
Leontius, their bifhop, although an enemy to the better
part, yet wary and fubtle, as all the heads of the Arrians fac¬
tion were, could at no time be plainly heard to ufe either
ferm. ‘ Hooter.
Good caufe he had to haden thence away;
For on a day his wary dwarf had fpy’d,
Where in a dungeon deep huge numbers lay.
Of captive wretched thrals that wailed night and day.-T.j^.
Each thing feigned ought more wary be. Hubb. Tale.
Each warns a warier carriage in the thing.
Led blind prefumption work their ruining. Daniel.
Others grow wary in their praifes of one, who lets too
great a value on them, led they fhould raife him too high m
his own imagination. Addifon s Spectator.
Was. The preterite of To Be.
Enoch walked with God, and was not; for God took
him. _ Gen. v. 24.
To WASH. v. a. fpaycan, Saxon; waffehen, Dutch.]
1. To cleanfe by ablution.
How fain, like Pilate, would Iwajh my hands
Of this mod grievous guilty murther done ! Shakef R. III.
Look, how die rubs her hands.
._Itis ail accudom’d aCtion with her to feem thus wafhing
her hands. _ Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Wajh me throughly from mine iniquity, and cleanfe me
from my fin. 2‘
Thou didd wajh thyfelf. Ez. xxiii. 40.
Shall he that gives fire to the train pretend to wajh his
hands of the hurt that is done by the playing of the miner
L’Ejlrange s Fables.
2. To moiden.
3. To afteCt by ablution.
Be baptized, and wajh away thy fins. Adis xxii. 16.
Sins of irreligion mud dill be fo accounted for as to crave
pardon, and be walked off by repentance. Taylor.
Recoiled! the things you have heard, that they may not be
wajhed all away from the mind by a torrent of other engage¬
ments, Watjt/s Improvement ofthe Mind.
4, To colour by walking.
To wajh over a coarfe or infignificant meaning, is to coun¬
terfeit nature’s coin. Collier of the Afpeel.
To Wash. v. n.
1. To perform the aft of ablution.
I will go ivajh ;
And when my face is fair, you fhall perceive
Whether I blufh or no. Sbakefp. Coriclanus.
Wajh and be clean. 2 Kings v 13.
Are not the rivers of Damafcus better than all the waters
of Ifrael ? May I not waft) in them ? 2 Kings v. 12.
Let each becalm his troubled bread,
Wajh and partake ferene the friendly fead. Pope's Odyffey.
2. To cleanle cioaths.
She can waft) and icour.
_A fpecial virtue; for then fhe need not be wajhed and
fcoured. Shak. Two Gentlemen oj Verona.
Wash. n.f. [from the verb.]
1, Ahuvion; any thing colle&ed by water.
The waft) of padures, fields, commons, and roads, where
rain-water hath a long time fettled, is of great advantage to
all ]an(j, Mortimers Hujbandry.
2. A bog; a marfli ; a fen ; a quagmire.
Full thirty times hath Phoebus car gone round
Neptune’s fait wajh, and Tellus’ orb’d ground. Shakefpeare,
The bed part of my power
Were in the wajkes all unwarily
Devoured by the unexpected flood. Sbakefp. King John.
4. A medical or cofmetick lotion.
Try whether children may not have fome waft) to make
their teeth better and dronger. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
They paint and patch their imperfections
Of intellectual compleCtions,
And daub their tempers o’er with waft)esx
As artificial as their faces. Hudibras.
He tried all manner of wajhes to bring him to a better com¬
plexion ; but there was no good to be done. L'EJlrange.
None are welcome to fuen, but thofe who fpeak paint and
wajh; for that is the thing they love ; and no wonder, fince it
is the thing they need. South's Sermons.
To deal from rainbows, ere they drop in fhow’rs,
A brighter waft). Pope's Rape of the Lock.
Here gallypots and vials plac’d,
Some fill’d with wajhesx fome with pade. Swift.
5. A fuperficial dain or colour.
Imagination damps fignification upon his face, and tells the
people he Is to go for fo much, who oftentimes, being deceived
by the wajhx never examine the metal, but take him upon con¬
tent. Collier.
6. The feed of hogs gathered fromwafhed didies.
The wretched, bloody, and ufurping boar.
That fpoil’d your fummer-fkids and fruitful vines.
Swills your warm blood like wajhx and makes his trough
In your embowell’d bofoms. Sbakefp. Richard III.
7. The aCt of wafhing the cioaths of a family ; the linen wafhed
at once.
Wa'shball. n.f [wafh and ball ] Ball made of foap.
I afked a poor man how he did ; he faid he was like a wajhbally always in decay. Swift.
Wa'sher. n.f [from waft).] One that wadies.
Quickly is his laundrefs, his wajher, and his wringer. Shak.
Wa'shy. adj. [horn, wajh.]
1. Watry; damp.
On the wajhy ouze deep channels wore,
Eafy, ere God had bid the ground be dry. Milton.
2. Weak ; not fclid.
A polifli of clearnefs, evenly and fmoothly fpread, not overthin and wajhy, but of a pretty folid confidence. Wotton.
WASP, n.f [yeayp, Saxon; vefpax Latin; guejpe, French.] A
brifk dinging infeCt, in form refemblinga bee.
More wafps, that buz about his nofe,
Will make this ding the fooner. Shakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Encount’ring with a wajpx
He in his arms the fly doth clafp. Drayton.
Why, what a wajp-tongu’d and impatient
Art thou, to break into this woman’s mood,
Tying thine ear to no tongue but thine own ? Shak. H. I\ .
Wa'spish. adj. [fromwafp.] Peevifh; malignant; irritable;
irafcible.
I’ll ufe you for my laughter.
When you are waj'pijh. Sbakefp. Julius Cctfar.
Come, you wafp, you are too angry.
—If I be wafpijh, bed beware my ding. Shakefpeare.
By the dern brow and wafpift) aCtion,
W hich die did ufe as fhe was writing of it.
It bears an angry tenour. Shak. As you L e it.
The taylor’s wife was only a good hearty flirew, under the
impotenev of an unruly wafpijh humour : fhe v- ouid have her
will ' ' L
Upon this grofs midake the poor wafpijh creature runs on
for many leave,
WAS
..
Much do I fuffer, much, to keep in peacd
This jealous, wajpijh, wrong-head, rhiming race. Pope.
Wa'spisht.y. adv. [from wafpifb.} Peevilhly.
Wa'spishness. n.f. [from wapifti.} Peevifhnefs; irritability.
Wa'ssaii. n. f. [from paep peel, your health, Saxon,j
1. A liquour made of apples, lugar, and ale, anciently much
ufed by Englifli goodfellows.
2. A drunken bout.
The king doth wake to-night, and takes his roufe,
Keeps wajfaif and the fwagg’ring upfpring reels. Sbakefp.
Wa'ssailer. n.f. [from wafjatl.} A toper; a drunkard.
I’m loth to meet the rudenefs, and fwill'd infolence
Of fuch late wajjtillers. Milton.
Wast. The fecond perfon of was, from To be.
To WASTE. v. a. [ apeyean, Saxon ; woften, Dutch ; guaftare;
Italian ; vaftare, Latin.]
1. Todiminifh.
The fire that mounts the liquor ’till’t run o’er,
Seeming t’ augment it, wajles it. Sbakefp. FI. VIII.
Firft: vegetive, then feels, and reafons laft;
Rich of three fouls, and lives all three to wafte. Drydeit.
Could fighs furnifh new breath, or draw life and fpirits from
the wafting of your’s, your friends would encourage your
pafilon. "Temple.
2. To deftroy wantonly and luxurioufly ; to fquander.
The people’s praying after the minifter, they fay, wafleth
time. Hooker.
There muft be providence ufed, that our {hip-timber be not
wafted. Bacon.
No ways and means their cabinet employ,
But their dark hour:- they wajle in barren joy. Garth.
3. To deftroy ; to defolatc.
He only their provifions waftes and burns. Daniel.
Peace to corrupt, no lefs than war to wajle. Milton.
The Tyber
Infults our walls, and wa/les our fruitful grounds. Dryden.
Now wajling years my former ftrength confound,
And added woes have bow’d me to the ground;
Yet by the ftubble you may guefs the grain,
And mark the ruins of no vulgar man. Broome.
4. To wear out.
Here condemn’d
To wafle eternal days in woe and pain. Milton.
5. Tofpend; to confume.
O were I able
To wafte it all myfelf, and leave you none. Milton.
ToWaste. v.n. To dwindle ; to be in a ftateof confumption.
Man dieth and wafteth away. Job xiv. 10.
Their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; wafting and deItrudtion are in their paths. 1J> Hx. 7.
The latter watch of wafting night.
And fetting ftars to kindly fleep invite. Dryden.
Waste, ad], [from the verb.]
1. Deftroyea; ruined.
Sophi leaves all wafte in his retreat. Milton.
The multiplication and obftinacy of difputes, which have fo
laid wafte the intelledlaal world, is owing to nothing more
than to the ill ufe of words. Locke.
When thus the gather’d ftorms of wretched love,
In my fwoln bofom, with long war had ftrove,
Laid all the civil bonds of manhood wafte,
And fcatter’d ruin as the torrent paft. Prior.
2. Defolate; uncultivated.
There be very wafte countries and wilderneffes; but we
find not mention whether any do inhabit there. Abbot.
He found him ill a defert land, and in the wafte howling
Wildernefs. Deut. xxxii. 10.
3. Superfluous; exuberant; loft for want of occupiers.
Quite furcharg’d with her own weight,
And ftrangl’d with her wafte fertility. Milton.
4. Worthlefs; that of which none but vile ufes can be made.
5. That of which no account is taken, or value found.
It may be publifhed as well as printed, that fo much {kill
in Hebrew derivations may not lie for wafte paper. Dryden.
Waste, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Wanton or luxurious deftruction; the a£t of fquandering;
confumption; lofs.
Reafons induce us to think it a good work, which they, in
their care for well bellowing of time, account wafle. Hooker.
Thin air is better pierced, but thick air preferveth the found
better from wafte. Bacon’s Natural Hijiery.
Freedom who loves, muft firft be wife and good ;
But from that mark how far they rove we fee,
For all this wajle of wealth, and lofs of blood. Milton.
It was providently defigned to repair the wafte daily made
by the frequent attrition in maftication. Ray on the Creation.
So foolifh and lavifh are we, that too often we ufe fome
words in mere wajle, and have no ideas for them. IVatts.
2. Ufelefs expence.
But youth, the perifhing good, runs on too faft,
And unenjoy’d it fpends itfelf to waft* ;
Few know the ufe of life before ’tis pall, DrydenJ
WAT
Secure the workings of your foul from running to waftet and
even your loofer moments will turn to happy account. Watts.
3. Defolate or uncultivated ground.
Land that is left wholly to nature, that hath no improve¬
ment of pafiurage, tillage, or planting, is called wafte. Locke.
Lifted aloft he ’pan to mount up higher.
And, like frefh eagle, made his hardy flight
T hro’ all that great wide ivafte, yet wanting light. Spcnfer.
4. Ground, place, or {pace unoccupied.
Thefe gentlemen, on their watch,
In the dead wafte and middle of the night.
Had been thus encountred. Shabfp. Hamid.
Forty days Llijah, without food,
Wander’d this barren wafle. Milton’s Paradife Regain'd.
Lords of the world’s great wafte, the ocean, v\ e
Whole forefts fend to reign upon the fea. Waller.
From that dire deluge, through the wat’ry wafte.
Such length of years, fuch various perils paft. Dryden,
Thee I purfue, oh great ill-fated youth I
Through thedifmal wafte of gloomy death. Smith.
See the man who fpacious regions gave,
A wafle for beafts, himfelf deny’d a grave. Pope*
5. Region ruined and deferred.
All the leafy nation finks at laft,
And Vulcan rides in triumph o’er the wafte. Dryden s ZFn,
6. Mifchief; deftrudtion.
The fpirit of wantonnefs is fure fcarce out of him if the
devil have him not in fee-fimple, he will never, I think, in
the way of wafte, attempt us again. Shake/.
Wasteful, adj. [wafte andfull.]
1. Deftrudtive; ruinous.
The folly of man
Let in thefe wafieful furies. Milton s Paradije Loft.
2. Wantonly or diftolutely confumptive.
To fmooth the ice, or add another hue
Unto the rainbow, or with taper light
To feek the beauteous eye of heav’n to garnifh,
Is wafteful and ridiculous excefs. Sbakefp. K. John.
In fuch cafes they fet them off more with wit and activity,
than with coftly and wafteful expences. Bacon.
3. Lavilh ; prodigal; luxuriantly liberal.
How has kind heav’n adorn’d the happy land,
And fcatter’d bleffings with a wafteful hand ! Addifon,
4. Defolate; uncultivated; unoccupied.
In wildernefs and wafteful defarts ftray’d.
To feck her knight. Fairy ftiiccn.
Outrageous as a fea, dark, wafteful, wild. Milton.
Wa'stefully. adv. [from wafteful.} With vain and diffolute confumption.
Never any man would think our labour mif-fpent, or the
1 time wafiefally confumed. Hooker„
To her new-made favourite, Morat,
Her lavifh hand is wajlefully profufe. Dryden s Aurengz.
Wastefulness, n.f. [isom wafteful.} Prodigality.
WaSteness. n.f. [horn.wafte.} Deiolation; folitude.
She, of nought afraid,
Through woods and waftenefs wide him daily fought. Spenf.
That day is a day of wrath, a day of waftenefs. Zeph. i. 15.
Wa'ster. n J. [from wafte.} One that coniumes diftolutely
and extravagantly ; a fquanderer ; vain confumer.
Divers Roman knights,
The profufe wafers of their patrimonies,
So threatned with their debts, as they will now
Run any defperate fortune. Ben. Johnfon s Catiline.
Plenty, in their own keeping, makes them wanton and
carelefs, and teaches them to be fquanderers and wafters. Locke.
Upon cards and dice never learn any play, and fo be incapa¬
citated for thofe encroaching wajlers of ufeful time. Locke.
Sconces are great wafters of candles. Swift.
Wastrel, n.f. [from wafte.}
Their works, both ftream and load, lie in feveral, or in
wajlrell, that is, in inclofed grounds, or in commons. Carew.
WATCH. n.J. [paecce, Saxon.]
1. Forbearance of fleep.
2. Attendance without fleep.
All the long night their mournful watch they keep,
And all the day {land round the tomb and weep. Addifon.
3. Attention ; clofe obfervation.
In my fchool-days, when I had loft one {haft,
I (hot his fellow, of the felf-fame flight,
The felf-fame way, with more advifed watch.
To find the other forth; by vent’ring both,
I oft found both. Sbakefp. Merchant of Venice.
4. Guard ; vigilant keep.
Still, when fire dept, he kept both watch and ward. F. £>.
Hie thee to thy charge ;
Ufe careful watch, chufe trully centinels. Sbakefp. R• III.
Love can find entrance not only into an open heart, butalfo
into a heart well fortified, if watch be not wellkept, Bacon.
5. Watchman; men fet to guard. It is ufed in a collective fenfe.
Before her gate, high God did fweat ordain*
And wakeful watches ever to abide. Fairy Jjhteen.
30 1 - Such
8
WAT W A T
Subh (land in narrow lanes,
And beat our watch, and rob our paflengers. Shakefpenre.
The ports he did {hut up, or at leaft kept a watch on them,
that none fhould pafs to or fro that was fufpedted. Bacon.
The tow’rs of heav’n are fill’d
With armed watch, that render all accefs
Impregnable. Milton's Paradife Loft.
An abftmlity our Saviour accounted it for the blind to
lead the blind, and to put him that cannot fee to the office of
a watch. South's Sermons.
6. Place wherfe a guard is fet.
He upbraids Iago, that he made him
Brave me upon the watch. Shakefp. Othello.
7. Poll or office of a watchman.
As I did ftand my watch upon the hill,
I look’d toward Birnam, and anon methought
The wood began to move. Shakefp. Macbeth.
8. A period of the night.
Your fair daughter,
At this odd, even, and dull watch o’ th’ night,
Is now tranfported with a gondalier,
To the grofs ciafps of a lafcivious Moor. Shak. Othello.
All night he will purfue ; but his approach
Darknefs defends between, ’till morning watch. Milton.
The latter watch of wafting night.
And fetting ftars, to kindly fleep invite. Dryden's JEn.
9. A pocket-clock ; a fmall clock moved by a fpring.
A watch, befides the hour ot the day, gives the day of the
month, and the place of the fun in the zodiack. Hale.
On the theatre we are confined to time; and though we
talk not by the hour-glafs, yet the watch often drawn out of
the pocket warns the adors that their audience is weary. Dryd.
That Cloe may be ferv’d in ftate.
The hours muft at her toilet wait;
Whilft all the reafoning fools below
Wonder their watches go fo flow. Prior.
To Watch, v. n. [pacian, Saxon.]
1. Not to fleep; to wake.
I have two nights watch'd with you ; but can perceive no
truth in your report. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Watching care will not let a man Humber, as a fore difeafe
bxeaketh fleep. Ecclus xxxi. 2.
Sleep, lift’ning to thee, will watch. Milton.
2. To keep guard.
I will watch over them for evil, and not for good. Jer. xliv.
In our watching we have watched for a nation that could not
faveus. Lam. iv. 17.
He gave fignal to the minifter that watch'd. Milton.
3. To look with expectation.
My foul waiteth for the Lord, more than they that watch
for the morning. Pf Cxxx. 6.
4. To be attentive; to be vigilant.
Watch thou in all things, endure afflictions. 2 Tim. iv. 5.
5. To be cautioufly obfervant.
Watch over thyfelf, counfel thyfelf, judge thyfelf impar¬
tially. _ _ _ Taylor.
6. To be infidioufly attentive.
He fomewhere nigh at hand
Watches, no doubt, with greedy hope to find
His with, and beft advantage us afunder,
Hopelefs to circumvent us join’d. Milton:
To Watch, v. a.
1. To guard ; to have in keep.
Flaming minifters watch and tend their charge. Milton.
2. To (bferve in ambufh.
Saul fent meffengers unto David’s houfe to watch him, and
to flay him. i Sa. xix. it.
He is bold, and lies near the top of the water, watching the
motion of any water-rat that fwims betwixt him and the
%• Walton.
They under rocks their food
In jointed armour watch. Milton.
3. To tend.
Paris watched the flocks in the groves of Ida. Broome.
4. To obferve in order to deteCf or prevent.
Wa'tcher. n. f. [from watch.']
1. One who watches.
Get on your night-gown, left occafion call us,
And {hew us to be watchers. Shak. Macbeth.
Love hath chac’d fleep from my enthralled eyes.
And made them watchers of mine own heart’s forrow. Shak.
2. Diligent overlooker or obferver.
It is obferved, by thofe that are more attentive watchers of
the works of nature. More.
Wa'tchet. adj. [poeceb, Saxon, weak. Skinner.] Blue;
pale blue.
W horn midft^ the Alps do hanging throats furprife ?
Who ftares in Germany at watchet eyes ? Dryden's fuven.
Wa'tchful. adj. [watch and full.] Vigilant; attentive;
cautious; nicely obfervant.
Call home our exil’d friends,
That fled the fnares of watchful tyranny. Shak. Macbeth.
Be watchful, and ftrengthen the things ready to die. Rev. iifi
Nodding a while, and watchful of his blow,
He fell; and falling crufh’d th’ ungrateful nymph below. Dry.
Readers fhould not lay by that caution which becomes a
fincere purfuit of truth, and fhould make them always watchful againft whatever might conceal or mifreprefent it. Locke.
Wa'tchful 1.Y. adv. [from watchful.] Vigilantly; cauti¬
oufly; attentively; with cautious obfervation; heedfully.
If this experiment were very watchfully tried in veftels of
feveral fizes, fome fuch things may be difeovered. Boyle.
Watchfulness, m f. [from watchful.]
1. Vigilance; heed; fufpicious attention; cautious regard ; dili¬
gent obfervation.
I he experience of our own frailties, and the confideratioh
of the watchfulnefs of the tempter, difcourao-e us. Hammond.
Love, fantaftick pow’r ! that is afraid"
To ftir abroad ’till vuatchfulnefs be laid;
Undaunted then o’er cliffs and valleys ftrays.
And leads his vot’ries fafe through pathlefs ways. Prior.
Hufbands are counfelled not to truft too much to their
wives owning the dodtrine of unlimited conjugal fidelity, and
fo to negledf a due watchfulnefs over their manners, Brbuthnot.
Prejudices are cured by a conftant jealoufy and watchfulnefs over our paffions, that they may never interpofe when
we are called to pafs a judgment. Watts.
By a folicitous watchfulnefs about one’s behaviour, inftead of
being mended, it will be conftrained. Locke.
2. Inability to fleep.
Watchfulnefs, lometimes called a coma vigil, often precedes
too great fleepinefs. yjrbuthnot on Diet.
Wa'tchhouse. n.f [watch and houfe.J Place where the
watch is fet.
Where ftatues breath’d, the works of Phidias’ hands,
A wooden pump or lonely watchhoufe ftands. Gay.
WaTching. n.f [from watch.] Inability to fleep.
The bullet, not having been extra&ed, oecafioned great
pain and watchings. Wifeman’s Surgery.
Watchmaker, n.f [watch and maker.] One whole trade
is to make watches, or pocket-clocks.
Smithing comprehends all trades which ufe forge or file,
from the anchorfmith to the watchmaker; they all ufing the
fame tools, though of feveral fizes. Aloxon.
Wa'tchman. n.f. [w'atch and man.] Guard; fentinel; one
fet to keep ward.
On the top of all I do efpy
The ivatckmnn waiting, tydings glad to hear. Fa. Queen.
Turn him into London-ftreets, that the watchmen might
carry him before a juftice. Bacon.
Drunkennefs calls off the watchmen from their towers; and
then all evils that proceed from a loofe heart, an untied tongue,
and a diffolute fpirit, we put upon its account. TayUr.
Our watchmen from the tow’rs, with longing eyes,
Expeft his fwift arrival. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
The melancholy tone of a watchman ax. midnight. Swft.
Wa'tchtower. n.f. [watch and tower.] Tower on which
a centinel was placed for the fake of profpea.
In the day-time {he fitteth in a watchtower, and flieth moft
by niSht- Bacon.
Up unto the watchtower get,
And fee all things defpoil’d of fallacies. Donne.
To hear the lark begin his flight,
And Tinging ftartle the dull night
From his watchtower in the {kies,
’Till the dappled dawn doth rife. Milton.
T he fenfes in the head, as fentinels in a watchtower, con¬
vey to the foul the impreffions of external objeas. Ray.
Watchword, n.f. [watch and word.] The word given to
the centinels to know their friends.
All have their ears upright, waiting when the watchword
fhall come, that they {hould all arife into rebellion. Spenfer.
We have heard the chimes at midnight, mafter Shallow.
—7 hat we have, firJohn: our watchword, hem, boys. Shak.
A watchword every minute of the night goeth about the
walls, to teftify their vigilancy. Sandys.
WA'TFR. n.f [waetcr, Dutch; ycerep, Saxon.]
1. Sir Ifaac Newton defines water, when pure, to be a very
fluid fait, volatile, and void of all favourer tafte; and itfeems
to confift of fmall, fmooth, hard, porous, fpherical particles,
of equal diameters, and of equal fpecifick gravities, as Dr.
Cheyne obferves; and alfo that there are between them fpaces
fo large, and ranged in fuch a manner, as to be pervious on
all Tides. Their lmoothnefs accounts for their Aiding eafiiy
over one another’s furfaces: their fphericity keeps them alfo
from touching one another in more points than one; and by
both thefe their frictions in Aiding over one another, is ren¬
dered the leaft poflible. Their hardnefs accounts for the incompreffibility of water, when it is free from the intermixture
of air. The porofity of water is fo very great, that there is
at leaft forty times as much fpace as matter in it; for water is
nineteen times fpecifically lighter than gold, and confequemly
rarer in the fame proportion. Quincy.
My
Shakef. Henry V.
WAT
My mildnefs hath allay'd their fvvellitig griefs,
My mercy dry'd their water-Rowing tears. Sbak. H. VI.
Your water is a fore decayer of your whorfon dead boJy.
Shakefpeare's Hamid.
I he Iweet manner of it fore d
Thofe waters from me, which I would have flopp'd,
Rut I had not fo much of man in me:
But all my mother came into mine eyes,
And grave me up to tears.
Men s evil manners live in brafs, their virtues
We write in Sbahjp. HemjWW.
I hofe healths will make thee and thy flate look ill, Timon •
here’s that which is too weak to be a linner, honeft water,
which ne’er left man i’ th’ mire. Shakefpeare's Timm.
Water is the chief ingredient in all the animal fluids and
folids ; for a dry bone, diftilled, affords a great quantity of infipid water: therefore water feems to be proper drink for every
aiI1ifna ‘ Arbutbnot on Aliments.
2.I he fea.
Travel by land or by water. Common Prayer,
by water they found the fea, weffward from Peru, always
very calm. Abbot's Defriptian of the World.
3- Urine.
If thou could’ff, dodlor, caff
The water of my land, find her difeafe,
And purge it to a found and priffine health,
I would applaud thee. Sbak. Macbeth.
. Go to bed, after you have made water. Swift.
4. To hold Water. To be found ; to be tight. From a veffel that will not leak.
A good Chriftian and an honeff man muff be all of a piece,
and inequalities of proceeding will never hold water. LEjlr.
5. it is ufed for the luftre of a diamond.
’Tis a good form,
And rich : here is a water, look ye. Shdkefp. Timon.
6. Water is much ufed in compofition for things made with
water, being in water, or growing in ivater.
She might fee the fame waier-fpaniel, which before had
hunted, come and fetch away one of Philoclea’s gloves, whofe
fine proportion fliewed well -what a dainty guefl was wont
there to be lodged. Sidney.
Oh that 1 were a mockery king of fnow.
Standing before the fun of Bolingbroke,
And melt myfelf away in water-drops. Shakefyeare.
Poor Tom eats the wall-newt, and the water-newt. Shakef.
Touch me with noble anger !
/ O let not women’s weapons, water-drops,
Stain my man’s cheeks. Sbak. King Lear.
Let not the water-Rood overflow me. Pf lxix. 15.
T hey (hall fpring up as among the grafs, as willows by the
water-courfes; If xliv. 4.
As the hart panteth after the water-brook, fo panteth my
foul after thee, O God. Pfalms.
Deep calleth unto deep, at the noife of thy water-{pouts.
TT . Pf- xlii. 7-
He turneth rivers into a wildernefs, and the water-fprings
into dry ground. Pf evii. 33.
There were fet fix w^ter-pots of ftone. Jo. ii. 6.
Hercules’s page, Hylas, went with a water-pot to fill it at a
pleafant fountain that was near. Bacons Natural Hijlory.
As the carp is accounted the water-fox for his cunning, fo
the roach is accounted the water fheep. Walton's Angler.
Sea-calves unwonted to frefh rivers fly ;
The water-fnakes with feales upftanding die May s Virgil.
By making the w/atef-wheels larger, the motion will be fo
flow, that the ferew will not be able to fupply the outward
ftreams. Wilkins's Daedalus.
Pvain carried away apples, together with a dunghill that lay
in the water-courfe. L'Ejlrange.
Oh help, in this extreme!! need*
If water-gods are deities indeed. Dkyden.
The water-fnake, whom fifh and paddocks fed.
With flaring feales lies poifon'd in his bed. Dryd Virgil.
Becaufe the outermoft coat of the eye might be pricked, and
this humour let out, therefore nature hath made proviffon to
repair it by the help of certain water-pipes, or lymphtedudls,
inferred into the bulb of the eye, proceeding from glandules
that feparate this water from the blood. Ray on the Creation.
The lacerta aquatica, or water-newt, when young, hath
four neat ramified fins, two on one fide, growing out a little
above its forelegs, to poife and keep its body upright, which
fall off when the legs are grown., Derham's Pbyfico-Tbeolcgy.
Other mortar ufed in making water-courfes, cifferns, and
fifhponds, is very hard and durable. Moxon.
The moft brittle water-carriage was ufed among the Egyp¬
tians, who, as Strabo faith, would fail fometimes in boats
made of earthen ware. Arbutbnot.
A gentleman watered St. foin in dry weather at new fowing, and, when it came up, with a water-cart, carrying his
water in a calk, to which there was a tap at the end, which
lets the water run Into a long trough full of fmall holes. Mart.
In Hampfhire they fell water-trefoil as dear as hops. Mori.
WAT
To Walter, v. a. [from the noun.J
1. "Fo irrigate; to fupply with moifture.
A river went out of Eden to water the garden. Gen. ii. iri;
A man’s nature runs to herbs or weeds; therefore let hint
feafonably water the one, and deftroy the other. Bacon
Chafte moral writing we may learn from hence
Ncgledl of which no wit can recompenfe;
1 he fountain which from Helicon proceeds.
That facred ftream, flibuld never ivater weeds. Waller.
Could tears water the loVely plant, fo as to make it grow
again after once ’tis cut dowh, your friends would be fo far
from accufing your paffion, that they would encourage it, and
lhare it Temple.
You may water the lower land when you will. Mot timer.
2. To fupply with water for drink.
Now ’gan the golden Phcebus for to fteep
PIis fiery face in billows of the weft,
And his faint ffeeds water'd in ocean deep,
Whilft from their journal labours they did reft. Fa. ff^ueen.
Doth not each on the fabbath loofe his ox from the flail,
and lead him away to watering ? Lu. xiii. 15*
His horfemen kept them in fo ftrait, that no man could,
without great danger, go to ivater his horfe. Knolles.
Water him, and, drinking what he can.
Encourage him to thirft again with bran. Dryden.
3. To fertilize or accommodate with ftreams.
Mountains, that run from one extremity of Italy to the
other, give rife to an incredible variety of rivers that water
_ Addifon on Italy.
4. To diverfify as with waves.
The different ranging the fuperficial parts of velvet and
watered filk, does the like. Locke
To Wa'ter.
I. Fo filed moiflufe.
I flain’d this napkin with the blood,
That valiant Clifford with his rapier’s point
Made ifl'ue from the bofom of the boy;
And if thine eyes can water for his death,
I give thee this to dry thy cheeks withal. Sbak. Henry VI:
Mine eyes,
Seeing thofe beads of forrow fland in thine,
Began to water. Shakefp. Julius Cmfar.
The tickling of the noftrils within, doth draw the moifture
to the noftrils, arid to the eyes by confent; for they alfo will
waVf- Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
How troublefdme is the leaft mote, or duft falling into the
eye ! and how quickly does it weep, and water upon the leaft:
grievance! . South's Sermons.
To get or take in water; to be ufed in fupplying water.
Pie fet the rods he had pulled before the flocks in the gutters
in the watering troughs. Gen. xxx 38.
Mahomet fent many fmall boats, manned with harquebufiers and fmall ordnance, into the lake near unto the camp, to
keep the Chriftians from watering there. Knolles.
3.The mouth Waters. The man longs; there is a vehement
defire. From dogs who drop their flaver when they fee meat
which they cannot get.
Cardinal Wolfey’s teeth watering at the bifhoprick of Winchefter, fent one unto bifhop Pox, who had advanced him, for
to move him to reftgn the bifhoprick, becaufe extreme’a^e
had made him blind ; which motion Fox did take in fo ill part,
that he willed the meflenger to tell the cardinal, that* although
now I am blind, I have efpied his malicious unthankfulnefs.
Camden's Remains.
Thefe reafons made his mouth to water.
With amorous longings to be at her. Hudibras-:
1 hofe who contend for 4 per cent, have fet men’s mouths
a-watering for money at that rate. Locke.
Watercolours. n. f. [ivater and colour.~\
Painters make colours into a foft conftftence with water or
oil; thofe they call watercolours, and thefe they term oilco-
*ours# r n Boyle on Colours.
Lefs fhould I dawb it o’er with tranfitory praife.
And watercolours of thefe days :
Thefe days! where e’en th’ extravagance of poetry
Is at a lofs for figures to exprefs
Men’s folly, whimfies, and inconftancy. Swift.
Wa tercresses. n. f [ffymbrium, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a flower compofed of four leaves, which are placed
in form of a crofs, out of whofe empalement lifes the pointa!
which afterward becomes a fruit or pod, which is divided into
two cells by an intermediate partition, to which the valves ad¬
here on both ftdes, and furnifhed with feeds which are roundifh. To thefe marks muft be added, that the whole appear¬
ance of the plant is peculiar to the fpecics of this o-enus. There
are five fpecies. Miller.
The nymphs of floods arc made very beautiful; upon their
heads are garlands of watercress. peacham on Drewingi
Wa terer. n.f. [from water.) One who waters.
1 his ill weed, rather cut off by the ground than plucked up
ffie root’ tw‘ce or thrice grew forth again; but yet, maugre
the warmers and watcrers, hath been ever parched up. Carew.
Wa'terfal.
WAT W A V
Wa'terfal. n.f [water and fall.] Cataraft; eafcade.
I have feen in the Indies far greater waterfalls than thofe
of Nilus. Raleigh.
Not Lacedaemon charms me more.
Than high Albana’s airy walls,
Refounding with her waterfalls. Addifon.
Waterfowl, n.f. Fowl that live, or get their food in
water.'
Waterfowl]oy mod in that air, which is liked water. Bacon.
Waterfowls fupply the wearinefs of a long flight by taking
water, and numbers of them are found in iflands, and in the
main ocean. Hale's 0/ igin ofMankind.
Fifh and waterfowl, who feed of turbid and mudy flimy
water, are accounted the caufe of phlegm. Flayer.
The doinachs of waterfowl that live upon fifh, are hu¬
man. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Watercri/el. n.f. [water and gruel.] Food made with oat¬
meal and water.
For breakfad milk, milk-pottage, watergrucl, and flum¬
mery, are very fit to make for children. Locke.
The aliment ought to be flender, as watergrucl acidulated.
Arbuthnot on Diet.
Wa'teriness, n.f. [from watery.] Humidity; moidure.
The forerunners of an apoplexy are dulnefs, night-mares,
weaknefs, waterynefs, and turgidity of the eyes. Arbuthnot.
Wa'terish. adj. [from water.]
1. Refembling water.
Where the principles are only phlegm, what can be ex¬
pected from the waterijh matter, but an infipid manhood,
and a ftupid old infancy ? Dryden.
2. Moid; infipid.
Some parts of the earth grow moorifh or waterijh, others
dry. Hale's Origin of Mankind.
Wa'terishness. n.f. [from waterif').] Thinnefs; refemblance of water.
A pendulous fliminefs anfwers a pituitous date, or an acer¬
bity, which refembles the tartar of our humours, or waterijhnejs, which is like the ferofity of our blood. Flower.
Wa'ierleaf. n.f. A plant. It hath a bell-fhaped flower,
confiding of one leaf, and cut into feveral fegments : from
the bottom part of the flower ariles the pointal, which after¬
ward becomes a fruit, opening in two parts, inclofing feeds
of the fame fhape as the veflel. Miller.
Wa'terlilly. n.f [nympheea, Lat. ] A plant. The cha¬
racters are; the flower confids of feveral leaves, which ex¬
pand in form of a rofe ; out of the flower cup ariles the poin¬
tal, which afterwards becomes an almofl globular fruit, con¬
fiding of many cells, filled with feeds, which are for the
mod part oblong. Miller.
Let them lie dry twelve months, to kill the water-weeds,
as waterlilUes and bull-rufhes., Walton's Angler.
Wa'terman. n.f. [water and man.] A ferryman; a boat¬
man.
Having blocked up the paflage to Greenwich, they ordered
the watermen to let fall their oars more gently. Dryden.
Rubbles of air working upward from the very bottom of
the lake,- the watermen told us that they are obferved always
to rife in the fame places. Addifon on Italy.
The waterman forlorn, along the fhore,
Penfive reclines upon his ufelefs oar. Gay.
Wa'termark. n.f. [water and mark.] The utmod limit of
the rife of the flood.
Men and beads
Were borne above the tops of trees that grew
On th’ utmod margin of the watermark. Dryden.
Watermelon, n.f A plant. It hath trailing branches, as
the cucumber or melon, and is didinguifhed from other cucurbitaceous plants, by its leaf deeply cut and jagged, and
by its producing uneatable fruit. Miller.
Wa'termil. n.f. Mill turned by water.
Forth flowed frefh
A guflring river of black gory blood.
That drowned all the land whereon he dood :
The dream thereof would drive a watermill. Fairy Fhuen.
The picture may be fet forth with farm houfes and water¬
mills. Peacham on Drawing.
Corn ground by windmills, ereCted on hills, or in the plains
where the watermalls dood. Mortimer's Hujbandy:
Wa'termint. n.f. A plant.
Wa'terradish. n.f A fpccies of water-credos, which fee.
Wa'terrat. n.f. A rat that makes holes iri banks.
There be land-rats and water-rats. Shakefpeare.
Thepike is bold, .and lies nearthe top of the water, watching
the motion of any frog, or water-rat, or moufe. Walton.
Waterro'cket. n.f A fpccies of water-credes.
Wa'terviolet, n.f. [hottonia, Lat.] A plant. It hath a
rofe-Ihapcd flower, confiding of one leaf, which is divided
into two parts, almod to the bottom : in the center of the
flower ariles the pointal, which afterwards becomes a cylin¬
drical fruit, in which are contained fpherical feeds. Aliller.
WatersaTphire. n.f. A fort of done.
Waterfapphire is the occidental fapphire, and is neither of
fo bright a blue, nor fo hard as the oriental. Woodivard.
Wa terwith. n.f [water and with.] A plant.
1 he waterwith of Jamaica growing on dry hills, in the
woods, where no water is to be met with, its trunk, if cut
into pieces two or three yards long, and held, by either end to
the mouth, affords fo plentifully a limpid, innocent, and refrefhing water, or fap, as gives new life to the droughty
traveller or hunter. Derham's Pbyfico-Theology.
WaTerwork. n.f. [water and Work.] Play of fountains;
artificial fpouts of water ; any hydraulick performance.
Engines invented for mines and waterworks often fail in the
performance. Wilkins's Math. Magic.
The French took from the Italians the fird plans of their
gardens, as well as waterworks. Addifon.
Wa'terY. adj. [from water.]
1. Thin; liquid; like water.
Quickfilver, which is a mod crude and watery body, head¬
ed, and pent in, hath the like force with gunpowder. Bacon.
The bile, by its faponaceous quality, mixeth the oily and
watery parts of the aliment together. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. Tafllefs; infipid; vapid; fpiritlefs.
We’ll ufe this unwholefome humidity, this grofs, watery
pumpion. Shakefpeare's Merry Wives of Windfor.
No heterogeneous mixture ufe, as fome
With watry turneps have debas’d their wines. Philips.
3. Wet; abounding with water.
When the big lip, and wat'ry eye
Tell me, the riling dorm is nigh :
’Tis then thou art yon angry main,
Deform’d by winds, and dafii’d by rain. Prior.
4. Relating to the water.
On the brims her fire, the wat'ry god,
Roll’d from a diver urn his crydal flood. Dryden,
5. Confiding of water.
The wat'ry kingdom is no bar
To dop the foreign fpirits ; but they come.
As o’er a brook, to fee fair Portia. Shakefpeare.
Thofe few efcap’d
Famine, and anguifh, will at lad confume,
Wand’ring that wat'ry defart. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xi.
Betwixt us and you wide oceans flow.
And wat'ry defarts. Dryden's Indian Emperor.
Together to the wat'ry camp they hade. Dryden.
Perhaps you’ll fay.
That the attracted wat'ry vapours rife
From lakes and feas, and fill the lower fkies. Black-more.
Wa'ttle. n.f [from waghelen, to fhake, German. Skinner.]
1. The barbs, or loofe red flefh that hangs below the cock’s bill.
The loach is of the fhape of an eel, and has a beard of
wattels like a barbel. Walton.
The barbel is fo called, by reafon of his barb, or wattels,
at his mouth, which is under his nofe or chops. Walton.
His comb and wattels are an ornament becoming his mar¬
tial fpirit. More's Antidote againjl Atheifm.
2. A hurdle. Ainjw.
To Wa'ttle. v. a. [patelas, Saxon, twigs.] To bind with
twigs; to form, by platting twigs one within another.
Might we but hear
The folded flocks penn’d in their wattled cotes,
Or found of padoral reed with oaten dops. Milton.
A plough was found in a very deep bog, and a hedge
zvattled danding. Mortimer's Hufbandry.
WAVE. n.f. [paege, Saxon; waegh, Dutch ; vague, French.]
1. Water raifed above the level of the furface ; biliow ; water
driven into inequalities.
The fhore, that o’er his wave-worn bads bow’d. Shakcfp.
The waves that rife would drown the highed hill;
But at thy check they flee, and when they hear
Thy thund’ring voice, they pod to do thy will. Wotton.
Arnidd thefe toils fucceeds the balmy night;
Now hiding waters the quench’d guns redore ;
And weary waves withdrawing from the fight.
Are lull’d, and pant upon the filent fhore. Dryden.
The wave behind impels the wave before. Pope.
Luxuriant on the wave-worn bank he lay
Stretch’d forth, and panting in the funny ray. Pope.
2. Unevennefs ; inequality'.
Thus it happens, if the glafs of the prifms be free from
veins, and their fides be accurately plane and well polidied,
without thofe numbcrlefs waves, or curls, which ufually
arife from fand-holes a little fmoothed in polilhing with
putty. hewton.
ToWave. v. n. [from the noun.]
1. 'Fo play loofely ; to float.
I may find
Your warlike enfigns waving in the wind. Dryden.
Mcflapus’ helm
He laces on, and wears the leaving cred. Dryden.
2. To
W A W WAY
2. To be moved as a fignal.
A bloody'arm it is, that holds a pine
Lighted, above the capitol, and now
It waves unto us. B. Johnfon’s Catiline.
3. To be in an unfettled ftatc ; to fluctuate.
They wave in and out, no way fufficiently grounded, no
way refolved, what to think, {peak, or write, more than only
that becaufe they have taken it upon them, they muft be oppolite. Hooker, b. v.
li he did not care whether he had their love or no, he
wav'd indifferently twixt doing them neither good nor
barm. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
To Wave. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To raife into inequalities of furface.
He had a thoufand nofes.
Horns welk’d and wav'd like the enridged fea. Shakefpeare.
2. To move loofely.
They wav'd their fiery fwords, and in the air
Made horrid circles. Milton.
.rEneas wav'd his fatal fword
High o’er his head. Dryden.
He beckoned to me, and, by the waving of his hand, di¬
rected me to approach the place where he fat. Addifon.
3. To waft; to remove any thing floating.
Some men never conceive how the motion of the earth
below fhould wave one from a knock perpendicularly directed
from a body in the air above. Brown's Vulg. Errours.
4. To beckon ; to diredt by a waft or motion of any thing.
Look with what courteous aCtion
It waves you to a more removed ground :
But do not go with it. Shakefpeare.
5. [Guefver, Fr. Skinner.] To put off.
He refolved not to wave his way upon this reafon, that if
he fhould but once, by fuch a diverfion, make his enemy
believe he were afraid of danger, he fhould never live
without. IVotton s Life ofthe Duke ofBuckingham.
Thefe, waving plots, found out a better way ;
Some god defeended, and preferv’d the play. Dryden.
6. To put afide for the prefent.
I have wav'd the fubjeCl of your greatnefs, to refign myfelf
to the contemplation of what is more peculiarly yours. Dryden.
Since fhe her intereft for the nation’s wav'd,
Then I who fav’d the king, the nation fav’d. Dryden.
To Waver, v. n. [papian, Saxon.]
X. To play to and fro ; to move loofely.
I took two triangular glaffes, and one of them being kept
fixt in the fame pofture, that the Iris it projected on the floor
might not waver, I caft on the fame floor another Iris, with
another prifm, moving it to and fro. Boyle.
The whitening fhower defeends.
At firft then zvavering. Thomfon's Winter.
2. To be unfettled; to be uncertain, or inconftant; to fluc¬
tuate ; not to be determined.
In which amazement, when the mifereant
Perceived him to waver, weak and frail,
Whilft trembling horror did his confcience daunt.
And hellifh anguifh did his foul aflail. Fairy Queen.
Remember where we are ;
In France, among a fickle, wavering nation. Shakefpeare.
Thou almoft mak’ft me waver in my faith.
To hold opinion with Pythagoras,
That fouls of animals infufe themfelves
Into the trunks of men. Shakefpeare.
Hold fall the faith without wavering. HA. x.
The wav'ring faith of people vain and light. Daniel.
Faith as abfoiutely determines our minds, and as perfectly
excludes all wavering, as our knowledge itfelf; and we may
as well doubt of our own being, as we can, whether any re¬
velation from God be true. Locke.
What if Hofpinian fhould have faid, that Luther waver'd
in the point of the facrament ? does it follow that he really
did fo ? Atterbury.
They, who at this diftance from the firft rife of the gofpel, after weighing the feveral evidences of it, waver in their
faith, would have waver'd, though they had feen the firft
promulgers work wonders. Atterbury.
Wa'veRER. n.f. [from waver.] One unfcttlcd and irrefolute.
Come, young waverer, come, and go with me ;
In one refpeCt I’ll thy afliftant be. Shakefpeare.
Wa'vy. adj. [from wave.]
1. Rifing in waves.
For thee the ocean fmiles, and fmooths her wavy breaft ;
And heav’n itfelf with more ferene and purer light is bleft.
Dryden.
2. Playing to and fro, as in undulations.
Where full-ear’d fheaves of rye
Grow wavy on the tilth, that foil feleCl
For apples. Philips,
Let her glad vallies fmile with wavy corn j
Let fleecy flocks her rifing hills adorn. Prior.
Wawes, or waes. n.f. A word ufed by Spenfer, according to
the Saxon pronunciation.
1. For waves.
Another did the dying brands repair
With iron tongs, and fprinkled oft the fame
With liquid waes. Fairy Qrieen.
2. In the following paflage it feems to be for woes [pa, Saxon.]
Whilft they fly that gulf's devouring jaws,
They on thisrock are rent, and funk in helplcfs wawes. Spenf.
ToWawl. v.n. [pa, grief Saxon.] To cry ; to howl.
The firft time that we fmell the air,
We wawle and cry. Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
WAX. n. f. [paexe, Saxon ; wex, Danifli; wacks, Dutch.]
1. The thick tenacious matter gathered by the bee, and formed
into cells for the reception of the honey.
Wax confifts of an acid fpirit, of a naufeous tafte, and an
oil or butter, which is emollient, laxative, and anodyne. Arb.
They give us food which may with nedlar vie.
And wax, that does the abfent fun fupply. Rofcom??ion.
All the magiftrates, every new or full moon, give honour
to Confucius with bowings, wax candles, and incenfe. Stillin.
While vifits fhall be paid on folemn days.
When num’rous wax lights in bright order blaze;
So long my honour, name, and praife fhall live. Pope.
2. Any tenacious mafs, fuch as is ufed to faften letters.
We foften the tvax, before we fet on the feal. More.
3. A kind of concretion in the'flefh.
A fontanel in her neck was much inflamed, and many waxkernels about it. Wifeman's Surgery.
To Wax. v.a. [from the noun,] To fmear; to join with
wax.
He form’d the reeds, proportion’d as they are;
Unequal in their length, and wax'd with care, C
They ftill retain the name of his ungrateful fair. Dryden. J
To Wax. v.n. pret. wox, waxed, part. paff. waxed, waxen.
[peaxan, Saxon ; wachfen, German.]
1. To grow; to increale; to become bigger, or more. Ufed
of the moon, in oppofition to wane, and figuratively of things
which grow by turns bigger and lefs.
The hufbandman in lowing and fetting, upon good reafon,
obferves the waxing and waning of the moon. Hakewill.
Land and trade are twins, they wax and wane together. Child.
2. To pafs into any ftate; to become; to grow. It is in either
fenfe now almoft difufed.
Where things have been inftituted, which being convenient
and good at the firft, do afterward in procefs of time wax
otherwife, we make no doubt but they may be altered, yea,
though councils or cuftoms general have received them. Hooker.
Carelefs the man foon wox, and his wit weak
Was overcome of things that did him pleafe. Fairy Queen.
Art thou like the adder waxen deaf? Shakefpeare.
We will deftroy this place; becaufe the cry of them is
ivaxen great before the Lord. Gen. xix. 13.
Flowers removed wax greater, becaufe the nouriftnnent is
more eafily come by in the loofe earth. Bacon.
This anfwer given, Argantes wild drew near.
Trembling for ire, and waxing pale for rage ;
Nor could he hold. Fairfax, b. ii.
If I wax but cold in my defire.
Think heav’n hath motion loft, and the world fire. Donne.
Their manners wax more and more corrupt, in proportion
as their bleflings abound. Atterbury.
Wa'xen. n.f [from wax.] Made of wax.
Swarming next appear’d
The female bee, that feeds her hufband drone
Delicioufly, and builds her waxen cells
With honey ftor’d. Milton's Paradife Lojl, b. vii.
I can yet fhoot beams, whofe heat can melt
The waxen wings of this ambitious boy.
So weary bees in little cells repofe ;
But if night-robbers lift the well-ftor’d hive.
An humming through their waxen city grows,
And out upon each other’s wings they drive.
Others with fweets the waxen cells diftend.
Denham'.
Way. n.f. [poeg, Saxon; weigh, Dutch.]
Dryden.
Gay.
I.
2.
The road in which one travels.
I am amaz’d, and lofe my zuay.
Among the thorns and dangers of this world. Shakefpeare.
You cannot fee your way.—
•—I have no way, and therefore want no eyes:
I ftumbled when I faw. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
'Fo God’s eternal houfe direct the way,
A broad and ample road. Milton.
Flutt’ring the god, and weeping faid.
Pity poor Cupid, generous maid !
Who happen’d, being blind, to ftray,
And on thy bofom loft his way. Prior.
Broad road made for paflengers.
Know’ft thou the way to Dover?__
—Both ftile and gate, hori'e-way3 and foot-path. Sbakefp.
A length of journey.
An old man that had travelled a great way under a huo-e
burden, found himfelf fo weary, that he called upon death,
to deliver him. L'Ejlrange.
30 K 4. Goiwfe
WAY
4. Courfe ; direction of motion.
I now go toward him, therefore follow me,
And mark what way I make. Sbakefp. winter Tale.
He flood in the gate, and afk’d of ev’ry one,
Which way flie took, and whither Ihe was gone. Drycen.
Attending long in vain, I took the way.
Which through a path, but fcarcely printed, lay. Dryden.
With downward force he took his way.
And roll’d his yellow billows to the fea. Dryden.
My feven brave brothers, in one fatal day,
To death’s dark manfions took the mournful way. Dryden.
To obferve every the leaft difference that is in things, keeps
the undemanding fteady and right in its way to know¬
ledge. _ Lockeft. Advance in life.
The boy was to know his father’s circumftances, and that
he was to make his way by his own induflry. Spectator, N3 123.
6. Paflage ; power of progrefflon made or given.
Back do I tofs thefe treafons to thy head :
This fword of mine (hall give them inftant way,
Where they {hall reft for ever. Sbakefp. K. Lear.
Th’ angelick choirs.
On each hand parting, to his fpeed gave way,
Through all th’ empyreal road. Milton's Par. Loft, b. v.
Youth and vain confidence thy life betray :
Through armies this has made Melantius’ way. Waller.
The reafion may be, that men feldom come into thofe
pofts, till after forty; about which time the natural heat be¬
ginning to decay, makes way for thole diftempers. Temple.
The air could not readily get out of thole prifons, but by
degrees, as the earth and water above would give way. Burnet.
As a foldier, foremoft in the fight,
Makes way for others. Diyden.
Some make themfelves way, and are fuggefted to the mind
by all the ways of fenfation and reflection. Locke.
7. Vacancy made by timorous or refpeCtful receflion.
There would be left no difference between truth and falfehood, if what we certainly know, give way to what we may
pofiibly be miftaken in. Locke.
Nor was he fatisfy’d, unlefs he made the pure profeffion of
the gofpel give way to fuperftition and idolatry, wherever he
had power to expel the.one, and eftablifti the other. Jtterbury.
I would give way to others, who might argue very well
upon the fame fubje-Ct. Swift.
8. Local tendency.
Come a little nearer this way,
I warrant thee no body hears. Sbakefp. Mer. Wives of Wind.
9. Courfe ; regular progreffion.
But give me leave to feize my deftin’d prey.
And let eternal juftice take the way. Dryden.
10. Situation where a thing may probably be found.
Thefe inquifitions are never without balenefs, and very
often ufelefs to the curious inquirer. For men ftand upon
their guards againft them, laying all their counlels and lecrets
out of their way. Taylo s Rule ofLiving holy.
11. A fituation or courfe obftruCtive and obviating.
The imagination being naturally tumultuous, interpofeth
itfelf without afking leave, calling thoughts io our way, and
forcing the undemanding to reflect upon them. Duppa.
12. Tendency to any meaning, or ad.
There is nothing in the words that founds that way, 01-
points particularly at perfection. Jtterbury.
1 2 Ac-cefs ; means of admittance.
Being once at liberty, ’twas laid, having made my way with
fome foreign prince, I yvould turn pirate. Raleigh.
14. Sphere 6f obfervation.
The general officers, and the publick minifters that fell in
my way, were generally fubjed to the gout. Temple.
13. Means ; mediate inftrument; intermediate flep. ,
By noble ways we ccnqueft will prepare ;
Firfl offer peace, and that refus’d, make war. Dryden.
What conceivable ways are there, whereby we lhould
come to be affined that there is fuch a being as God f Tiilotfon.
A child his mother io well inftruded this way in geography,
that he knew the limits of the four parts of the world. Locke.
It is not impoflible to God to make a creatuie with moie
ways to convey into the underftanding the notice of corporeal
things, than thofe five he has given to man. Locke.
16. Method ; fcheme of management..
He durft not take open way againft them, and as hard it
was to take a fecret, they being fo continually followed by
the beft,and everyway ableft of that region. Sidney, b. li.
Will not my yielded crown redeem my breath ?
Still am I fear’d ? is there no way but death ? Daniel.
As by calling evil good, a man is mifreprefented to himjfelf m the way of flattery ; fo by calling good evil, he is milreprefented to others, in the way of flander. South’s Sermons.
Now what impious ways my wifhes took ?
How they the monarch, and the man forfook ? Prior.
The fenate, forced to yield to the tribunes of the people,
thoughtit their wil’eft courfe to give way alfo to the time. Swift.
W A Y
17. Private determination.
He was of an high mind, and loved his own will and his wayi
as one that revered himfelf, and would reign indeed. Bacon.
If I had my way,
He had mew’d in flames at home, not i’ th’ fenate ;
I had fing’d his furs by this time. B. Jolmfon's Catiline.
18. Manner; mode.
She with a calm carelefsnefs let every thing Aide, as we do
by their fpeeches, who neither in matter nor perfon do any
way belong unto us. Sidney.
God hath fo many times and ways fpoken to men. Hooker.
Few writers make an extraordinary figure, who have not
fomething in their way of thinking or exprefting, that is en¬
tirely their own. Spectator, N° 160.
His way of exprefting and applying them, not his inven¬
tion of them, is what we admire. Addifon.
19. Method ; manner of practice.
Flaving loft the way of noblenefs, he ftrove to climb to the
height of terriblenefs. Sidney.
Matter of mirth.
She could devile, and thoufand ways invent.
To feed her foolifh humour, and vain jolliment. Spenfer.
Taught
To liveth’ eafieft way, not with perplexing thoughts. Milton.
20. Method or plan of life, conduCt, or aCtion. '
A phyfician, unacquainted with your body, may put you
in a way for a prefent cure, but overthroweth your health in
fome other kind. Bacon.
To attain
The height and depth of thy eternal ways.
All human thought comes Abort. Milton.
When a man fees the prodigious expence our forefathers
have been at in thefe barbarous buildings, one cannot but
fancy what miracles they would have left us, had they only
been inftruCted in the right way. Addifon on Italy.
21. Right method to aCt or know.
We are quite out of the way, when we think that things con¬
tain within themfelves the qualitiesthat appear to us in them. Lo.
They are more in danger to go out of the way, who are
marching under the conduit of a guide that will miflead them,
than he that has not yet taken a ftep, and is likelier to en¬
quire after the right ivay. Locke.
By me, they offer all that you can afk,
And point aneabyway to happinefs. Rowe.
22. General fcheme of ailing.
Men who go out of the way to hint free things, muff be
guilty of abfurdity, or rudenefs. Clarifja.
23^ By the way. Without any neceflary connection with the
main defign ; en pajfant.
Note, by the way, that unity of continuance is eafier to
procure, than unity of fpecies. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
Will. Honeycomb, now on the verge of threefcore, afked
me, in his moft ferious look, whether I would advife him to
marry lady Betty Single, who, by the way, is one of the
greateft fortunes about town. Spectator, N°475.
24. To go or come one’s way, or ways ; to come along, or depart.
A familiar phraft?.
Nay, come your ways ;
This is his majefty, fay your mind to him. Shakefpeare.
To a boy fait afteep upon the brink of a river, fortune
came and wak’d him ; prithee get up, and go thy ways, thou’lt
tumble in and be drown’d elfe. L’Eflrange.
25. Way and ways, are now often ufed corruptly for wije.
But if he fhall any ways make them void alter he hath
heard them, then he fhall bear her iniquity. Dumb. xxx. 15.
They ereCt conclulions no way inferible from their pre-
•r J Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Being fent to reduce Paros, he nnltook a great fire at a
diftance for the fleet, and being no ways a match for them,
fet fail for Athens. Swift.
’Tis no way the intereft even of priefthood. Pope.
Waybread. n.f. A plant. Ainfw.
Wayfa'rer. n.f. [way and fare, to go.] Paffenger; tra¬
veller.
Howfoever, many wayfarers make themfelves glee, by put¬
ting the inhabitants in mind of this privilege ; who again,
efpecially the women, forllow not to bain them. Carew.
Wayfaring, adj. Travelling; palling; being on a journey.
They to whom all this is revelled, if they will not be di¬
rected into a path fo plained and (moothed, that the wayfaring
men, though fools, Ihall not err therein, muft needs acknow¬
ledge themielves in the number of the blind, that will not
enter into God’s reft. Hammond's Fundamentals.
Way'farinotree. n.f. [viburnum, Lat.] A plant.
The flower confifts of one leaf, which is divided into hie
parts, and expands in a circular order; thefe are collected1 in¬
to the form of an umbrella: the ovary, which is placed on
the upper part of the flower, becomes a loft berry, full of juice,
which contains one ftony comprefl'ed furrowed iced. Miller.
To Wayla y. v.rf. [way and lay.] watch iniidioufly m
the way ; to befet by ambufh. j wiq
WE A W E A
I will waylay thee going home, where if it he thy chance to
kill me,—thou kill’ft me like a rogue and a villain. ShakeJ'p.
The employment of money is chiefly merchandizing or
purchafing; and ufury waylay* both: it dulls and damps all
induftries. Bacon.
How thou lurk’ft
In Vidley or green meadow to waylay
Some beauty rare. Milton's Paradife Regained.
Now on their coafts our conquering navy rides.
Waylays their merchants, and their land befets,
Each day new wealth without their care provides,
They lay sfleep with prizes in their nets. Drjden.
Like hunted caflors, confcious of their {tore,
1 heir waylaid wealth to Norway’s coafts they bring. Dryd.
Wayla'yer. n.f [from waylay.] One who waits in ambufti
for another.
Way'less. adj. [from way.] Pathlefs; untracked.
Vv hen on upon my waylefs walk.
As my defires me draw,
• I, like a madman fell to talk
With every thing I faw. Drayton s Queen of Cynthia.
Way'mark. n.f \fbby and mark.] Mark to guide in tra¬
velling.
Set thee up Waymarks, make thee high heaps. Jer. xxxi. 21.
ToWay'ment. v. a. [pa, Saxon.j To lament, or grieve.
Oblolete.
• What boots it to weep and to wayment,
When ill is chanc’d, but doth the ill increafe,
And the weak mind with double woe torment. Fairy Qi/een.
WAYWTARD. adj. fa woe, and peapb, Saxon] Froward}
peevifh; morofe; vexatious.
That night the elder it was, the more wayward it {hewed
itfeif towards them. Sidney.
How wayward is this foolifh love,
That, like a tefty babe, will fcratch the nurfe,
And prefently all humbled, kifs the rod. Shakefpeare.
Wayward beauty doth not fancy move,
A frown forbids, a fmile engendreth love. Fairfax.
To milchief bent,
He feldom does a good with good intent;
Wayward, but wile ; by long experience taught
To pleafe both parties, for ill ends he fought. Dryden.
Way'wardly. adv. [from wayward,'] Frowardly; perverfely.
Waywardly propel;. and therefore bold : becaufe extremely
faulty. Sidney.
Howfoever, fome will {fill be waywardly difpofed; yet if
fuch as be in authority will do their duties, they may by con¬
venient difcipline be kept within the bounds of modefty, or
elfe removed. - Whitegifte.
Way'wardness. n.f [from wayward.] Frowardnefs ; perverfenefs.
Such the behaviour of ladies, as builded their chaftity not
upon waywardnefs, but choice of worthinefs. Sidney.
The beft of his time hath been but ralh ; then muft we look
from his age to receive not alone the imperfections of long en¬
grafted condition; but the unruly waywardnefs that infirm and
cholerick years bring. Shakefpeare.
A child will have as much wit as he hath waywardnefs.
Wotton on Education.
We. pronoun. [Seel.]
1.The plural of I.
. Retire we to our chamber,
A little water dears us of this deed. Shakefpeare.
Fair and noble heftefs.
We are your guefts to night. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
Notwithftanding animals had nothing like the ufe of reafon,
we find in them all the lower parts of our nature, in the
greateft ftrength. Addifon.
1.Improperly and ungrammatically for the oblique cafe, us.
To poor we.
Thine enmity’s moft capital. Shakefpeare.
WEAK. adj. [pasc, Saxon; week, Dutch.]
1. Feeble; not ftrong.
He is weary and weak handed. 2 Sam. xvii. 2.
Here only weak,
Againft the charm of beauty’s powerful glance. Milton.
VVer’t thou not weak with hunger, mad with love,
My hand fhould force thee. Dryden.
Fame and reputation are weak ties : many have not the
leaft fenfe of them : powerful men are only awed by them as
they conduce to their intereft. Dryden.
Children, being by the courfe of nature born weak, and un¬
able to provide for themfelves, they have, by the appointment
of God, a right to be maintained by their parents. Locke.
2. Infirm; not healthy.
no Here I {land your brave,
A poor, infirm, weak, and defpis’d old man. Shakefpeare.
3. Soft; pliant; not ftiff.
4. Low of found.
A voice not foft, weak, p:ping and womanifh; but audible,
ftrong and manlike. Afchatn.
5. Feeble of mind; wanting fpirit; wanting difeernment.
As the cafe llands with this prefent age, full of tongue and
weak of brain, we yield to the ftream thereof. Hooker.
This murder’d prince, though weak he was.
He was not ill, nor yet fo weak, but that
He fliew’d much martial valour in his place. Daniel.
She firft Wisweak indulgence will accufe. Alilton.
That Portugal hath yet no more than a fufpenfion of arms,
they may thank the Whigs, whofe falfe reprefentations they
were fo weak to believe. Swift.
6. Not much impregnated with any ingredient; as a weak tiocture, weak beer.
7. Not powerful; not potent.
I muft make fair weather yet a while.
Till Henry be more weak and I more ftrong. Shakefpeare.
The weak, by thinking themfelves ftrong, are induced to
venture and proclaim war againft that which ruins them ; and
the ftrong, by conceiting themfelves weak, are thereby ren¬
dered unafilive and ufelefs. South’s Sermons.
If the poor found the rich difpofed to fupply their wants,
or if the weak might always find protection from the mighty,
they could none of them lament their owu condition. Swift.
8. Not well fupported by argument.
A cafe fo weak and feeble hath been much nerfxfted in. Hook.
9. Unfortified.
To quell the tyrant love, and guard thy heart
On this weak fide, where moft our nature fails.
Would be a conqueft worthy Cato’s fon. Addifon s Cato.
To Wea'ken. v. a. To debilitate; to enfeeble ; to deprive of
ftrength.
The firft which weakened them was their fecuritv. Hookera J
Their hands lhall be weakened from the work that it be not
done. Neb. vi. 9,
Inteftine broils,
Weakening the feepter of old night. Milton.
Every violence offered to the body weakens and impairs it,
and renders it lefs durable. Ray on the Creation.
Let us not weaken ftill the weaker fide
By our divifions. Addifon's Cato„
Solemn impreflions that feem to weaken the mind, may, by
proper refleClion, be made to ftrengthen it. Cla> ifa.
Weak'eing. n.f. [from, weak.] A feeble creature.
Thou art no Atlas for fo great a weight;
And, weakling, Warwick takes his gift again.
And Henry is my king, Warwick his fubjeCl. Shakefpeare«
fiEfop begged his companions not to overcharge him; they
found him a weakling, and bade him pleafe himfelf. L’Ejlrange.
Wea'kly. adv. [from weak.]
1. Feebly ; with want offtrength.
The motion of gravity worketh weakly, both far from the
earth, and alfo within the earth. Bacon.
Was plighted faith fo weakly feal’d above,
That for one error, I muft lofe your love? Dryden.
2. Indifcrcetly; injudicioufly; timoroufly ; with feeblenefsofmind.
This high gift of ftrength committed to me,
Under the feal of filence could not keep.
But weakly to a woman muft reveal it. Milton.
Tancred, 1 neither am difpos’d to make
Requeft for life, nor offer’d life to take :
Much lefs deny the deed; but leaft of all
Beneath pretended juffice weakly fall. Drjden’s Fables<
Wea'kly. adj. [from weak.] Not ftrong; not healthy.
Being old and weakly, twenty years in prifon, it was ten
to one that ever I fhould have returned. Raleigh.
Wea'kness. n.f [from weak]
1. Want of ftrength; want of force ; feeblenefs.
Troy in our weaknefs lives, not in her ftrength. Shdkefp.
Argument
Of human weaknefs rather than of ftrength. Milton.
The General's force, as kept alive by fight,
Now, not oppos’d, no longer can purfue :
Lafting till heav’n had done his courage right,
When he had conquer’d, he his weaknejs knew. Dryden.
New graces yearly like thy works difplay,
Soft without iveaknfs, without glaring gay. Pope.
By fuch a review we {hall difeern and ftrengthen cur weakneffes with good refolution, and fo order our future conven¬
tion as may render us leaft expofed to falling. Rogers’s Sermons.
2. Infirmity; unhealthinefs.
Perfons in thofe polls derive a weaknefs of conflitution from
the eafeand luxury of their anceftors, and the delicacy of their
own education. 'Temple.
3. Want of cogency.
She feems to be confcious of the weaknefs of thofe teftimonies. TiUotfon.
4. Want ofjudgment; want of refolution; foolifhnefs of mind.
IPeaknejs is thy excufe,
And I believe it; weaknejs to refill
Philiftian gold : if weaknefs may excufe,
What murderer, what traitor, parricide,
Inceftuous, facrilegious, but may plead it ?
All wickcdnefs is weaknefs. Milton.
4 5. Defect j
I •
W E A W E A
5. Defeat ; failing:
If you will work on any man, you mud know his nature,
and fo lead him ; or his weaknejfes and cWadvantages, and fo
awe him. Bacon.
Many find a pleafure in contradicting the common reports
of fame, and in threading abroad the weaknejfes of an exalted
charadder. Addifons Spectator.
Wea'kside. n.f. [weak and fide.] Foible; deficience; infir¬
mity.
This dog would have fought for his mafter in any other cafe;
but the love of mutton was his weakfide. L'EJirange.
Their application to trade has increafed their fhipping,
which they found to be their weakfide in their laft attempts.
Temple.
Weal. n.f. [pelan, Saxon; wealufl, Dutch.]
1. Happinefs; profperity; flourifhingftate.
Our weal on you depending.
Counts it your weal, that he have liberty. Shakefpeare.
As we love the weal of our fouls and bodies, let us fo behave
ourfelves as we may be at peace with God. Bacon.
Thine, and of all thy fons,
The weal or woe in thee is plac’d ; beware! Milton.
Ireland ought to be confidered, not only in its own intereft,
but likewife in relation to England, upon whofe weal in the
main, that of this kingdom depends. Temple.
2. Republick ; ftate; publick intereft.
Blood hath been fhed
Ere human ftatute purg’d the gen’ral weal. Shakefpeare.
How fhall the mufe, from fuch a monarch fteal
An hour, and not defraud the publick weal. Pope:
Weal, n.f [palan, Saxon.] The mark of a ftripe.
Like warts or weals it hangs upon her fkin. Donne.
Weal away, inter]. Alas. Obfolete. Spenfer.
Weald, Waled,, Walt. Whether fingly or jointly fignify a wood
or grove, from the Saxon pealb. Gibfon.
WEALTH, n.f. [pale’s, rich, Saxon.] Riches; money, or
precious goods.
In defart haft thine habitance,
And thefe rich heaps of wealth doth hide apart
From the world’s eye and from her right ufance. Fa. J$uecn'.
I fhould forge
Quarrels unjuft againft the good and loyal,
Deftroying them for wealth. Shakefpeare''s Macbeth.
I wifhthee, Vin, above all wealth,
Both bodily and ghoftly health :
Not too much wit or wealth come to thee;
For much of either may undo thee. Bi/hop Corbet.
Each day new wealth without their care provides,
They lie afleep with prizes in their nets. Dryden.
Wea'lthily. adv. [from wealthy.] Richly.
I come to wive it wealthily in Padua,
Ifzuealthily, then happily in Padua. Shakefpeare.
Wea'lthiness. n.f [from wealthy.] Richnefs.
Wealthy, adj. [from wealth.\ Rich; opulent; abundant.
If a gentleman, or any wealthy yeoman, have any chil¬
dren, the eldeft fhall be kept in fome order, but all the reft (hall
ihift and fall to this occupation of ftealing. Spenfer.
I will be married to a wealthy widow.
Ere three days pafs. Shakefp. Taming ofthe Shrew:
My {peculations, when fold fingle, like cherries upon the
{tick, are delights for the rich and wealthy; after fome time
they come to market in great quantities, and are every ordi¬
nary man’s money. Addifms Spectator.
Not Neptune’s felf from all his floods receives
A wealthier tribute than to thine he gives. Pope.
To WEAN. v. a. [penan, Saxon.]
1. To put from the breaft; to abladfate.
She was weaned when it did tafte the wormwood on the
nipple ; pretty fool to fee it fall out with the dug. Shakefpeare.
I have behaved as a child that is weaned of his mother. Pf.
In iveaning young creatures, the beft way is never to let
them fuck the paps at all; for then they will drink up milk
without any difficulty. Ray on the Creation.
A fortnight before you wean calves from milk, let water be
mixed with it. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
2. To withdraw from any habit or defire.
Here the place whofe pleafant fight.
From other (hades have wean d my wand’ring mind ;
Tell me what wants me here. Spenfer.
I the rather wean me from defpair,
For love of Edward’s offspring in my womb. Shakefpeare.
Serioufly reflect on the happy ftate he (hall moft certainly
arrive to, if he but wean himfelf from thefe worldly impedi¬
ments here that clog his foul’s flight. Digby.
Children newly weaned from their parents, put out their
hands towards them in their dreams, as if they were ftill prefent. Stillingfeet.
There the coarfe cake, and homely hufks of beans,
From pamp’ring riot the young ftoinach weans. Dryden.
They were intended by the Author of our being, to wean
us gradually from our fondnefs of life, the nearer we approach
to the end of it. . Swift.
Wea'neL. 1 r re i
Txr , >n. f. \uom zveanA
Wea'nling. 5 J L J
1. An animal newly weaned.
Though when as Lowder was far away.
This wolfifti fheep would catchen his prey ;
A lamb, or a kid, or a weanel waft.
With that to the wood would he fpeed hafte. Spenfer.
To gorge the flefti of lambs and weanling kids,
On hills where flocks are fed, flies tow’rd the fprings
Of Ganges or Hydafpes. Milton's Parad. Lo/f.
2. A child newly weaned.
WEAPON, n.f [peapon, Saxon.] Inftrument of offence;
fomething with which one is armed to hurt another.
The giant
Down let fall his arm, and foft withdrew
His weapon huge, that heaved was on high,
For to have flain the man that on the ground did Iy. Fa. 9.
The cry of Talbot ferves me for a fword;
For I have loaden me with many fpoils,
Ufing no other weapon but his name. Shakefp. Henry VT.
Take this weapon
Which Ihave here recover’d from the Moor. Shakef Othello.
Touch me with noble anger;
O let not womens weapons, water drops.
Stain my man’s cheeks. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
His foes, who came to bring him death,
Bring him a weapon that before had none. Daniel.
With his full force he whirl’d it firft around.
Imperial Juno turn’d the courfe before ;
And fix’d the wand’ring weapon in the door. Dryden's SEn.
Wea'poned. adj. [from weapon.] Armed for offence; furnifhed with arms.
In what fort, fo ill weaponed, could you atchieve this enterprize ? Sidney:
Both the combatants entered, apparelled only in their doub¬
lets and hofes, and weaponed with fword, buckler, and dag¬
ger. Hayward.
Weaponless, adj. [from weapon.] Having no weapon; un¬
armed.
Ran on embattl’d armies, clad in iron,
And weaponlefs himfelf,
Made arms ridiculous, ufelefs the forgery
Of brazen fhield and fpear, the hammer’d cuirafs,
Chalybean temper’d fteel, and frock of mail,
Adamantean proof. Milton.
Wea'ponsalve. n.f. [weapon and falve.] A falve which was
fuppofed to cure the wound, being applied to the weapon
that made it.
That the fympathetick powder and the weaponfalve conftantly perform what is promifed of them, I leave others to believe.
Boyle.
To Wear. v. a. Preterite wore, participle worn, [pejian. Sax.
1. To wafte with ufe or time.
O wicked world ! one that is well nigh worn to pieces with
age, to (how himfelf a young gallant. Shakefpeare.
Protogenes could lay his colours fo artificially, that one be¬
ing worn off, a frefti fhould fucceed to the number of five;
Peacham.
Waters wear theftones. Job xiv. 19.
An hafty word, or an indifereet atftion does not prefently
diffolve the bond, but that friendftfip may be ftill found at
heart; and fo outgrow and wear off thefe little diftempers.
South's Sermons.
They have had all advantages to the making them wife unto
falvation, yet fuffer their manhood to wear out and obliterate
all thofe rudiments of their youth. Decay of Piety.
’Tis time muft wear it off; but I mull go. Dryden.
No differences of age, tempers, or education can wear it
out, and fet any confiderable number of men free from it.
Tillotfon's Sermons.
Theodofius exerted himfelf to animate his penitent in the
courfe of life fhe was entering upon, and wear out of her
mind groundlefs fears. Addifons Spectator.
2. To confumetedioufly.
What mafks, what dances.
To ivear away this long age of three hours. Shakefpeare.
In moft: places, their toil is fo extreme as they cannot en¬
dure it above four hours; the refidue they wear out at coites
and kayles. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall.
Wifeft and beft men full oft beguil’d.
With goodnels principl’d, not to reject
The penitent, but ever to forgive.
Are drawn to wear out miferable days.
To his name inferib’d, their tears they pay,
Till years and kiftes wear his name away.
Kings titles commonly begin by force.
Which time wears off and mellows into right.
3. To carry appendant to the body.
This pale and angry rofe
Will I for ever wear. Shakefpeare'i Henry \ 1.
Milton.
Dryden.
Dryden,
Why
*
W E A W E A
Why art thou angry ?—
That fuch a flave as this fhould wear a fword,
Who wears not honefty. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
What is this
That wears upon his baby brow the round
And top of fovereignty. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
I am the firft-born fon of him, that Iaft
Wore the imperial diadem of Rome. Shakefpeare.
Their adorning, let it not be that outward adorning of plait¬
ing the hair, and of wearing of gold. l Pet. iii. 3.
Eas’d the putting off
Thefe troublefome difguifes which we wear, Milton.
He afk’d what arms the fwarthy Memnon wore;
What troops he landed. Pryden's Png, JEntid.
This is unconfcionable dealing, to be made a flave, and
not know whofe livery I wear. Dryden’s Spanijh Friar.
On her white bread a fparkling crofs fhe wore. Pope.
4. To exhibit in appearance.
Such an infectious face her forrow wearsy
I can bear death, but not Cydaria’s tears, Dryden.
5. To affedl by degrees.
Trials wear us into a liking of what poffibly, in the firft
effay, difpleafed us. Locke.
A man who has any relifh for true writing, from themafterly ftrokes of a great author every time he perufes him, wears
himfelf into the fame manner. Addifons Spectator.
6. To Wear out. Toharrafs,
He (hall wear out the faints. Dan. vii. 25.
7. To Wear out. To wafte or deflroy by ufe.
This very rev’rent letcher, quite v.orn out
With rheumatifms, and crippled with his gout. Dryden.
To Wear. v.n.
1. To be wafted with ufe or time.
Thou wilt furely wear away. Exod. xviii. 18.
In thofe who have loft their fight when young, in whom
the ideas of colours having been but flightly taken notice of,
and ceaftng to be repeated, do quite wear out. Locke.
2. To be tedioufly fpent.
Thus wore out night, and now the herald lark
Left his ground-neft, high tow’ring to defery
The Morn’s approach, and greet her with his fong. Milton.
3. To pafs by degrees.
If paffion caufes a prefent terror, yet it foon wears off; and
inclination will eafily learn to flight fuch fcarecrows. Locke.
The difficulty will every day grow lefs and wear off, and
obedience become eafy and familiar. Rogers’s Sermons.
Wear. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The a£t of wearing; the thing worn.
It was th’ inchantment of her riches
That made m’ apply t’ your crony witches ;
That in return would pay th ’ expence,
Theztwrand tear of confcience. Hudilras.
2. [paep, Saxon, a fen; war, German, a mound.] Adam to
fhut up and raife the water; often written weir or wier.
They will force themfelves through flood gates, or over
wears, hedges or flops in the water. Walton's Angler.
Weard. n.f. IVeard, whether initial or final, fignifies watchfulnefs or care, from the Saxon peajiban, to ward or keep. Gib.
Wea'rer. n.f [from wear.] One who has any thing appen¬
dant to his perfon.
' The celeftial habits, and the reverence
Of the grave wearers. Shakefpeare's Winter's Tale.
Were I the wearer of Antonio’s beard,
I would not fhave’t to-day. Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Cowls, hoods and habits with their wearers toft,
And flutter’d into rags. Milton.
Armour bears off infults, and preferves the wearer in the
day of battle; but the danger once repelled, it is laid afide, as be¬
ing too rough for civil converfation. Dryden.
We ought to leave room for the humour of the artift or
wearer. Addfon on Italy.
Wea'ring. n.f. [from wear. ] Cloaths.
It was his bidding ;
Give me my nightly wearing and adieu. Shakefpeare.
Weariness, n.f. [from weary.]
1. Laffitude; ftate of being fpent with labour.
Come, our ftornachs
Will make what’s homely favoury ; wearinefs
Can fnore tupon the flint, when refty floth
Finds the down pillow hard. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Water-fowls fupply the wearinef of a long flight by taking
water. Hale.
Heaven, when the creature lies proftrate in the weaknefs
of fleep and wearinef, fpreads the covering of night and darknefs to conceal it. South's Sermons.
To full bowls each other they provoke;
At length, with wearinefs and wine opprefs’d,
They rife from table, and withdraw to reft. Dryden.
2. Fatigue; caufe oflaffitude.
The more remained out of the wearinefs and fatigue of their
late marches. Clarendon.
3. Impatience of any thing.
4. Tedioufnefs.
Wea'rish. adj. [I believe from paeji, Saxon, a quagraire.J
Boggy; watery.
A garment over-rich and wide for many of their wearifh
and ill difpofed bodies. Carew's Survey ofCornwall.
Wea'risome. adj. [from weary.] 1 roublefome ; tedious;
caufing wearinefs.
The foul preferreth reft in ignorance before wearifome la¬
bour to know. Hooker.
Thefe high wild hills, and rough uneven ways
Draw out our miles, and make them wearifome. Shakefp.
Troops came to the army the day before, haraffed with a
long and wearijome march. Bacon.
Coftly I reckon not them alone which charge the purfe, but
which are wearifome and importune in fuits. Bacon.
Shrinking up, or ftretching out are wearifome pofitions,
and fuch as perturb the quiet of thofe parts. Brown,
This mult be our talk
In heav’n, this our delight; how wearifome
Eternity fo fpent, in worfhip paid
To whom we hate. Milton's Paradfe Lojl.
Satiety from all things elfe doth come,
Then life muft to itfelfgrow zvearijome. Denham.
We a'risomely. adv. [from weai ifome.] Tedioufly; fo as
to caufe wearinefs.
As of Nimrod, fo are the opinions of writers different touch¬
ing Affur, and the beginning of that great ftate of Aflyria ; a
controversy wearifomely difputed without any dirtdt proof or
certainty. Raleigh.
Wea'risomeneks, n.f [from wearifome.]
1. The quality of tiring.
2. The ftate q.f being eafily tired.
A wit, quick without lightnefs, fbarp without brittlenefs,
defirous of good things without newfanglenefs, diligent in
painful things without wearijomenefs. Afchams Schoolmajhr.
To Weary, v. a. [from the adjedtive.]
1. To tire; to fatigue; toharrafs; to fubdue by labour.
Better that the enemy feek us ;
So lhall he wafte his means, weary his foldiers.
Doing himfelf offence. Shakefpeare's 'Julius Ccsfar.
The people labour in the very fire, weary themfelves for
very vanity. Hab.i'1,13.
Dewy fleep opprefs'd them weary d. Milton.
Sea would be pools without the brufhing air,
To curl the waves; and fure fome little care
Should weary nature fo, to make her want repofe. Dryden.
You have already weary d fortune fo,
She cannot farther be your friend or foe,
But fits all breathlefs. DrAen,
It would not be difficult to continue a paper by refuming the
fame fubjedts, and wearying out the reader with the fame
thoughts in a different phrafe. Addifon's Freeholder.
2. To make impatient of continuance.
I flay too long by thee, I wea>y thee. Shakefp. Henry V.
Should the government be wearied out of its prefent pati¬
ence, what is to be expected by fuch turbulent men ? Addif.
3. To fubdue or harrafs by any thing irkfome.
Muft’ring all her wiles,
With blandifb’d parleys, feminine affaults.
Tongue-batteries; fhe furceas’d not day nor night
To florm me over-watch’d and weary'd out. Miton.
Weary, adj. [pejug, Saxon; wacren, to be tired, Dutch ]
1. Subdued bv fatigue; tired with labour.
j O 7
Fair Phoebus ’gan decline, in hafte.
His weary waggon to the weffern vale. Spenfer.
Gentle Warwick,
Let me embrace thee in my weary arms,
I, that did never weep, now melt with woe. Shakefpeare.
I am weary, yea, my memory is tir’d :
Have we no wine here ? Shakefpeare.
An old man broken with the ftorms of ftate,
Is come to lay his weary bones among ye :
Give him a little earth for charity. Shakefpeare.
Let us not be weary in well-doing. Gal. vi. 9.
Our fvvords fo wholly did the fates employ.
That they at length grew weary to deftroy;
Refus’d the work we brought, and out of breath,
Made forrow and Jefpair attend for d.ath. Dryden.
2. Impatient of the continuance of any thing painful or irk¬
fome.
The king was as weary of Scotland, as he had been impa¬
tient to go thither, finding all things propofed to him without
confideration of his honour or intereft. Clarendon.
My hopes all flat, nature within me feems,
In all her functions, weary of herfelf. Milton.
3. Defirous to difeontinue.
See the revolution of the times,
Make mountains level, and the continent
Weary of folid firmnefs, melt itfelf
Into the (eas. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
30 L 4. Weary;
W E A
4. Caufing wearinefs; tirefome. '
I heir gates to all were open evermore
I hat by the weary way were travelling,
And one fat waiting ever them before
To call in coiners by that needy were and poor. Fa. Lfueen.
The wcariejl and mod lothed life
That age, ach, penury, imprifonment,
Can lay on nature, is a paradife
To what we lear of death. Shakefpeare.
Put on what weary negligence you pleafe.
You and your fellows; I’d have it come to queftion. Shak.
Wea'sel. n.f. [pej-el, Saxon; we/el, Dutch; mujlela, Latin.]
A fmall animal that eats corn and kills mice.
Ready in gybes, quick-anfwer’d, faucy, and
As quarrelfome as the weafel. Shakejpeare s Cymleline.
A weafel once made fhift to fiink
In at a corn loft through a chink. Pope.
We'sand. a.J. [payen, Saxon. This word is is very varioufly
written ; but this orthography is neareft to the original word.]
The windpipe; the paffage through which the breath is drawn
and emitted.
Marry Diggon, what fhould him affray.
To take his own where-ever it lay;
For had his weafund been a little wider.
He would have devoured both hidder and (hidder. Spenfer.
Cut his wezand with thy knife. Shakefpeare’s Tempejl.
Matter to be difcharged by expeToration muft firft pafs in¬
to the lungs, then into the afpera arteria, or weafand, and
from thence be coughed up and fpit out by the mouth. iVifem.
The fhaft that {lightly was imprefs’d,
Now from his heavy fall wbh weight encreas’d.
Drove through his neck aflant; he fpurns the ground.
And the foul iflues through the weazon’s wound. Dryden.
The unerring fteel defcended while he fpoke,
Pierc’d his wide mouth, and through his weazon broke.
Dryden.
WEA'THER. n.f. [pebep, Saxon.]
1. State of air, refpedting either cold or heat, wet or drinefs.
Who’s there, befides foul weather ?—One mended like the
weather, moft unquietly. Shakefp. King Lear.
J am far better born than is the king;
But I muft make fair weather yet a while,
Till Henry be more weak and I more ftrong. Shakefpeare.
Men muft content themfelves to travel in all weathers, and
through all difficulties. L’Eftrange.
The fun
Foretells the change of weather in the fkies.
Through mifts he fhqots his fullen beams,
Sufpeci a drilling day. Dryden.
2. The change of the ftate of the air.
It is a reverend thing to fee an ancient caftle not in decay;
how much more to behold an ancient family, which have flood
againft the waves and weathers of time? Bacon.
3. Tempeft; ftorm.
What gufts of weather from that gath’ring cloud,
My thoughts prefage. Dryden's Virgil.
T-o Wea'ther. v. a [from the noun.]
1. To expofe to the air.
He perch’d on fome branch thereby.
To weather him and his moift wings to dry. Spcnfer.
Muftard-feed gather for being too ripe,
And weather it wel, yer ye give it a ftripe. puffer.
2. To pafs with difficulty.
He weather'd fell Charibdis; but ere long,
The fkies were darkened, and the tempefts ftrong. Garth.
Could they weather and ftand the (hock of an eternal dura¬
tion, and yet be at any time fubjeeft to a diflolution., Hale.
3. To Weather a point. To gain a point againft the wind;
to accomplifh againft oppofition.
We have been tugging a great while againft the ftream, and
have aimoft weather'd our point; a ftretch or two more will
do the work. Addifon.
4. To Wea'ther out. To endure.
When we have pafs’d thefe gloomy hours,
And iveather’'d out the ftorm that beats upon us. Addifon.
Wea'therbeaten. adj. Haraffed and feafoned by hard wea¬
ther.
They perceived an aged man and a young, both poorly ar¬
rayed, extremely weatherbeaten •> the old man blind, the young
man leading him. Sidney.
She enjoys fure peace for evermore.
As weatherbeaten fhip arrived on happy fhore. Fairy Sateen.
Thrice from the banks of Wye,
And fandy bottom’d Severn, have I fent
Him bootlefs home, and weatherbeaten back. Shak. H. IV.
I hope when you know the worft, you will at once leap
into the river, and fwim through handfomely, and not wea¬
therbeaten with the divers blafts of irrefolution, ftand fhivering
upon the brink. Suckling.
A weatherbeaten vcffcl holds
Gladly the port. Milton.
W E A
Dido received his weatherbeaten troops. Dryden’s Virgil.
I he old weatherbeaten foldier carries in his hand the Reman
_ eaS|e* Addifon.
Wea rHERBOARD, or JVcatherbow. n.f. In the fea language,
that fide of a fhip that is to the windward. Diet.
W^ea thercock. n.f [weather and cock.]
1. An artificial cock fet on the top of a fpire, which by turning fhows the point from which the wind blows.
But alas ! the fun keeps his light, though thy faith be dark¬
ened; the rocks ftand ftill, though thou change like a weatherC0C^\ • rn. Sidney.
A kingnfher hanged by the bill, converting the breaft to
that point of the horizon from whence the wind doth blow,
is a very ftrange introducing of natural weathercocks. Brown.
2. Any thing fickle and inconftant.
Where had you this pretty weathercock ?-1 cannot tell
what his name is my hufband had him of. Shakefpeare.
He break my promife and abfolve my vow!
The word which I have given fhall ftand like fate,
Not like the king’s that weathercock of ftate. Dryden.
Wea'therdriven. part. Forced by (forms or contrary winds.
Philip, during his voyage towards Spain, was weatherdriven into Weymouth. Carew's Survey ofCornwall.
Weatherga'ge. n.f. [weather end gage.] Any thing that
(hews the weather.
To vere and tack, and fleer a caufe,
Againft the weathergage of laws. Hudibras '.
Weatherglass, n.f. [weather and glkfs.] A barometer.
As in fome weatherglafs my love I hold.
Which falls or rifes with the heat or cold,
I will be conftant yet. Dryden.
_ John’s temper depended very much upon the air; his fpirits rofe and fell with the weatherglafs. Arbuthnot.
We fhall hardly wifh for a perpetual equinox to fave the
charges of weatherglajfes ; for the two equinoxes of our year
are the moft windy and tempeftuous. Bentley’s Sermons.
Weatherspy'. n.f. [weather and fpy.] A ftar-gazer; an
aftrologer; one that foretels the weather.
And fooner may a gulling weatherfpy,
By drawing forth heav’n’s fcheme tell certainly,
What fafhion’d hats or ruffs, or fuits next year.
Our giddy-headed antick youth will wear. Donne.
Wea'therwise. adj. [weather and wife.] Skillful in foretel¬
ling the weather.
Wea'therwise r. n.f. [weather and wifen, Dutch; to fhow.j
Any thing that forefhows the weather.
Moft vegetables expand their flowers and down in warm,
fun fhiny weather, and again clofe them toward the evening,
or in rain, as is in the flowers of pimpernel, the opening
and (hutting of which are the countryman’s weatherwifer.
Derham's Phyfico-Thcology.
To WEAVE, v. a. Preterite wove, weaved, part. paff. woven,
weaved; [pepan, Saxon ; weven, Dutch.]
r. To form by texture; to form by inferting one part of the
materials within another.
Here in her hairs
The painter plays the fpider, and hath woven
A golden me(h to intrap the hearts of men,
Fafter than gnats in cobwebs. Shakefpeare.
The women wove hangings for the grove. 2 Kings xxiii. 7.
White feem’d her robes, yet woven fo they were,
As fnow and gold together had been wrought. Dryden.
Thefe purple vefts were weav'd by Dardan dames.
Dryden.
Dan Pope for thy misfortune griev’d.
With kind concern and (kill has weav’d
A filken web; and ne’er (hall fade
Its colours ; gently has he laid
The mantle o’er thy fad diftrefs :
And Venus (hall the texture blefs. Prior.
2. To unite by intermixture.
When religion was woven into the civil government, and
flourilhed under the prote&ion of the emperors, mens thoughts
and difeourfes were full of fecular affairs; but in the three firft:
centuries of chriftianity, men who embraced this religion
had given up all their interefts in this world, and lived in a
perpetual preparation for the next. Addifon.
3. To interpofe; to infert.
The duke be here to-night! the better ! beft !
This weaves itfelf perforce into my bufinefs. Shakefpeare.
To Weave, v.n. To work with a loom.
Wea'ver. n. f. [from weave.] One who makes threads into
cloth.
Upon thefe taxations.
The clothiers all not able to maintain,
The many to them ’longing, have put off
The fpinfters, carders, fullers, weavers. Shak. Hen. VIII,
My days are fwifter than a weaver’s (buttle, and are fpent
without hope. job vii. 6.
Milton. The
/
WED
The weaver may call religion upon what loomhepleafe. How.
Her flag aloft fpreads ruffling to the wind.
And fanguine ftreamers feem the flood to fire:
The weaver charm’d with what his loom defign’d,
Goes on to fee, and knows not to retire. Dryden.
Wea'verfish. n.f. [araneus pifcis, Latin.] A filh. Ainfworth.
WEB. n.f. [pebba, Saxon ]
1. Texture; any thing woven.
Penelope, for her Ulyfles’ fake,
Devis’d a web her wooers to deceive;
In which the work that (he all day did make,
i he fame at night fhe did again unreave. Spenfer.
Spiders touch d, feek their web's inmoft part. Davies.
By day the web and loom,
And homely houfhold tafk (hall be her doom. Dryden.
The fates, when they this happy web have fpun.
Shall blefs the facred clue and bid it fmoothly run. Dryden.
Dan Pope with fkill hath weav’d
A filken web ; and ne’er fhall fade
Its colours. Prior.
2. Some part of a fword. Obfolete.
The fword, whereof the web was fteel;
Pommel, rich ftone; hilt, gold, approv’d by touch. Fairf.
3. A kind of dufky film that hinders the fight; fuffufion.
This is the foul flibertigibbet; he gives the web and the pin,
fquints the eye, and makes the hairlip. Sbakefpeare.
We bbed, adj. [from web.] Joined by a film.
Such as are whole-footed, or whofe toes are webbed toge-
, ther, their legs are generally fhort, the mod convenient fize
for fwimming. Derham's Phyfco-Theology.
We'bfooted. adj. [web foot.] Palmipedous ; having films
between the toes.
Webfooted fowls do not live conftantly upon the land, nor
fear to enter the v/ater. Ray on the Creation.
Web ster. n.f. [pebyr-pe, Saxon; a woman-weaver.J A
weaver. Obfolete.
After local names, the mod in number have been derived
from occupations; as Taylor, Webjier, Wheeler. Camden.
To WED. v. a. [pesian, Saxon.]
1. To marry ; to take for hufband or wife.
If one by one you wedded all the world.
Or, from the all that are, took fomething good
To make a perfect woman; Ihe you kill’d
Would be unparalell’d. Sbakefpeare.
Never did thy beauty, fince the day
I faw thee firft, and wedded thee, adorn’d
With all perfection, fo inflame my fenfes. Milton.
Cloe, blind to wit and worth,
Weds the rich dullnefs of fome fon of earth. Pope.
2. To join in marriage.
In Syracufa was 1 born, and wed
Unto a woman happy but for me. Sbakefpeare.
Then I fhall be no more;
And Adam, wedded to another Eve,
Shall live with her. Mtlion's Paradife Lojl.
The woman in us Itill profecutes a deceit like that begun
in the garden ; and our underftandings are wedded to an Eve,
as fatal as the mother of their miferies. Glanville.
3. To unite for ever.
Affliction is enamour’d of thy parts.
And thou art wedded to calamity. Shakcfp. Rom. and Jul.
4. To take for ever*
Though the principal men of the houfe of commons were
again eleCted to ferve in this parliament, yet they were far
from wedding the war, or taking themfelves to be concerned
to make good any declaration made by the former. Clarendon.
They positively and concernedly wedded his caufe. Clarendon,
5. To unite by love or fondnefs.
Men are wedded to their lufts, and refolved upon a wicked
courfe; and fo it becomes their intereft to wifh there were no
God. Tillotfon's Sermons:
To Wed. v. n. To contraCl matrimony.
When I {hall wed.
Thatlord whofe hand fhall take my plight, fhall carry
Half my love with him, half my care and duty. Sbakefpeare.
To love, to wed.
For Hymen’s rites, and for the marriage bed
You were ordain’d. Suckling.
Nor took IGuifcard, by blind fancy led,
Or hafly choice as many women wed;
But with deliberate care. Dryden.
We'dding. n.f [from wed.] Marriage; nuptials; the nup¬
tial ceremony.
Come, away!
For you fhall hence upon your wedding-day. Sbakefpeare.
I will dance and eat plums at your wedding. Sbakejpeare.
Let her beauty be her wedding dower ;
For me and my pofleffions fhe eftcems not. Sbakefpeare.
When my fon was entered into his wedding-chamber, he
fell down and died. 2 EJdr. x. 1.
Thefe three country bills agree, that each wedd'u.g produ¬
ces four children. Graunt's Bills ofMortality.
WEE
ITis friends were invited to come and make merry with him,
and this was to be the wedding-fcaft. L'EJlrangc.
If fhe affirmed herfelf to be a virgin, fhe muft on her wed¬
ding-fay, and in her wedding cloaths perform the ceremony
of going alone into the den, and flay an hour with the lion.
Swift.
A woman feldom afks advice before fhe has bought her wedding-cloaths. Spectator.
Wedge, n.f. [vegge, Danifh; wegge, Dutch.]
1. A body, which having a fharp edge, continually growing
thicker, is ufed to cleave timber; one of the mechanical powers.
A barbarous troop cf clownifh fone,
The honour of thefe noble bows down threw;
Under the wedge I heard the trunk to groan. Spenfer.
The fifth mechanical faculty is the wedge ufed in the clea¬
ving of wood. Wilkins's Mathematical Magick.
He left his wedge within the cloven oak
To whet their courage. Dryden's /Eneid.
The oak let many a heavy groan, when he was cleft with a
wedge of his own timber. Arbuthnot's Htft. ofJohn Bull.
2. A mafs of metal.
As fparkles from the anvil ufed to fly.
When heavy hammers on the wedge are fwaid. Fa. fht.
When I faw a goodly Babylonifh garment, and a wedge of
gold of fifty fhekels weight, then I coveted them. JoJh. vii.
3. Any thing in the form ofa wedge.
In warlike mufters they appear.
In rhombs and wedges and half-moons and wings. Milton.
To Wedge, v. a. [from the noun.] To faften with wedges ;
to ftraiten with wedges; to cleave with wedges; to flop; to
obftrudl.
My heart.
As wedged with a figh would rive in twain,
Left Hedlor, or my father, fhould perceive me. Shakefp.
Where have you been broiling ?—
—Among the crowd i’ the abbey, where a finger
Could not be wedg'd in more. Sbakefpeare's Henry VIII.
Your wit will not fo foon out as another man’s will; it is
flrongly wedged up in a blockhead. Sbakefpeare.
Part
In common, rang’d in figure wedge their way ;
Intelligent of feafons. Miltons Paradife Lojl.
Sergefthus in the centaur, foon he pafs’d,
W’dg'd in the rocky fhoals and flicking fall. Dryden.
Wedge on the keeneft feythes,
And give us fleeds that fnort againft the foe. A. Philips.
Whatimpulfe can be propagated from one particle, entomb’d
and wedged in the very center of the earth, to another in the
center of Saturn. Bentley's Sermons.
We'dlock. n.f. [peb and lac, Sax. marriage and gift.] Mar¬
riage ; matrimony.
She doth ftray about
By holy crofies, where fhe kneels and prays
I or happy wedlock hours. Sbakefpeare.
Sirrah, your brother is legitimate;
Your father’s wife did after wedlock bear him:
And if fhe did play falfe, the fault washer’s. Shakcfp.
Can wedlock know fo great a curfe,
As putting hufbands out to nurfe. Cleaveland.
He his happieft choice too late.
Shall meet already link’d, and wedlock-bound
To a fell adverfary. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
May not a prifon or a grave,
Like wedlock, honour’s title have ? Denham.
One thought the fex’s prime felicity
Was from the bonds of wedlock to be free :
And uncontroll’d to give account to none. Dryden.
A man determined about the fiftieth year of his age to en¬
ter upon wedlock. Addifon.
Wednesday, n.f. [pobenybaj, Saxon; odenfday, Swedifh;
woenfday, Dutch; wenfday, Iflandick.] The fourth day of
the week, fo named by the Gothick nations from Woden or
Odin.
Where is the honour of him that died on wedmfday. Shak.
Wee. adj. [A Saxon word ofthe fame root with weeing, Dutch *;
wenig, German.] Little; fmall: whence the word weajls or
weefel is ufed for little; as a weejel face. In Scotland it de¬
notes fmall or little ; as wee ane, a little one, or child • anw
bit, a little bit.
Does he not wear a great round beard, like a glover’s pa¬
ring knife ?—No, forfooth; he hath but a little wee face with
a little yellow beard. _ Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
Weechelm. n.f [This is often written witch elm.] A fpecies of elm. J t
A cion of a weechelm grafted upon an ordinary elm, will put
forth leaves as broad as the brim ot a hat. 7 Bacon.
Weed. n.J, [peob, Saxon, tares.]
I. An herb noxious or ufelefs.
If he had an immoderate ambition; which is a weed, if it be
%weed,^ apt to grow in the bell foils, it doth not appear that
it was in his nature. Clarendon.
7 He
WEE W E E
He wand’ring feeds
On flowly growing herbs and ranker weeds. Sandys.
Too much manuring fill’d that field with weeds.
While feds, like locufts, did deftroy the feeds. Denham.
Stinking weeds and poifonous plants have their ufe. Mere.
When they are cut, let them lie, if weedy, to kill the
weeds. Mortimer s Husbandry.
Their virtue, like their Tyber’s flood
Rolling, its courfe defign’d the country’s good ;
But oft the torrent’s too impetuous fpeed.
From the low earth tore fome polluting weed-.
And with the blood of Jove there always ran
Some viler part, fome tin&ure of the man. Prior.
2.[UJceba, Saxon; waed, Dutch.] A garment; cloaths; habit;
drefs. Now fcarce in ufe, except in widow's weeds, the mourn¬
ing drefs of a widow.
My mind for weeds your virtue’s livery wears. Sidney.
Neither is it any man’s bufinefs to cloath all his fervants
with one vjeed; nor theirs to cloath themfelves fo, if left to
their own judgments. Hooker.
They meet upon the way
An aged fire, in long black weeds yclad;
His feet all bare, his beard all hoary gray,
And by his belt his book he hanging had. Fairy Queen.
Livery is alfo called the upper weed which a ferving man
wears, fo called as it was delivered and taken from him at
pleafure. Spenfer.
The fnake throws her enamelled (kin.
Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in. Shakefpeare.
Throngs of knights and barons bold.
In weeds of peace high triumphs hold,
With ftore of ladies. Milton.
Lately your fair hand in woman’s weed
Wrapp’d my glad head. Waller.
To Weed. v.a. [from the noun.]
1. To rid of noxious plants.
When you fow the berries of bays, weed not the borders
for the firft half year; for the weed giveth them (hade. Bacon.
Your feedlings having flood ’till June, bellow a weeding or
a flight howing upon them. Mortimer.
2. To take away noxious plants.
Oh Marcius,
Each word thou’fl fpoke hath weeded from my heart
A root of ancient envy. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
3. To free from any thing hurtful or ofFenfive.
He weeded the kingdom of fuch as were devoted to Elaiana,
and manumized it from that mod dangerous confederacy.
Howel’s Vocal Forejl.
Sarcafms, contumelies, and inve&ives, fill fo many pages
of our controverfial writings, that, were thofe weeded out,
many volumes would be reduced to a more moderate bulk and
temper. Decay of Piety.
4. To root out vice.
Wife fathers be not as well aware in vjc'eding from their
children ill things, as they were before in grafting in them
learning. JJfchain s Schoolmajler.
One by one, as they appeared, they might all be ziseeded
out, without any figns that ever they had been there. Locke.
We'eder. n.f. [from weed.] One that takes away anything
noxious.
A wceder out of his proud adverfaries,
A liberal rewarder of his friends. Shakefp. Richard III.
We'edhook. n.f [weed and hook.] A hook by which weeds
are cut away or extirpated.
In May get a weedhook, a crotch, and a glove,
And weed out fuch weeds as the corn doth not love. Duffer.
We'edless. adj. [from weed.] Free from weeds; free from
any thing ufelefs or noxious.
So many weedlefs paradifes be,
Which of themfelves produce no venomous fin. Donne.
A cryflal brook.
When troubled moll it does the bottom fhow;
’Tis weedlefs all above, and rocklefs all below. Dryden.
We'edy. adj. [from weed.]
>. Confifling of weeds.
There on the pendant boughs, her coronet weed
Clamb'ring to hang, an envious fliver broke,
When down her weedy trophies and herfelf
Fell in the weeping brook. Shake/. Hamlet.
2. Abounding with weeds.
Hid in a weedy lake all night I lay,
Secure of fafety. Dryden's /En.
If it is weedy, let it lie upon the ground. Mortimer.
WEEK. n.f. [ peoc, Saxon ; weke, Dutch; weeka, Swcdifh.]
The fpace of feven days.
fulfill her week, and we will give thee this alfo. Gen. xxix.
We'ekday. n.J [week and day.] Any day not Sunday.
One folid difh his weekday meal affords.
An added pudding folemniz’d the Lord’s. Pope.
Wf/ekly. adj. [from week.] Happening, produced, or done
once a week; hebdomadary.
The Jews had always their weekly readings of the law of
Mofes. . , Hooker.
So liv’d our fires, ere do£lors learn’d to kill,
And multiply’d with heirs their weekly bill. Dryden.
Nothing more frequent in their weekly papers, than affeding
to confound the terms of clergy and high-church, and then
loading the latter with calumnyj Swift.
Weekly, adv. [from week.] Once a week; by hebdomadal
periods.
Thefe are obliged to perform divine worfhip in their turns
weekly, and are fometimes called hebdomadal canons. Jylijfe.
Weel. n.f. [peel, Saxon.]
1. A whirlpool.
2. A twiggen fnare or trap for fifh, [perhaps from zvillow.]
ToWeen. v.n. [penan, Saxon ; waenen, Dutch.] To think;
to imagine ; to form a notion ; to fancy. Obfolete.
Ah lady dear, quoth then the gentle knight.
Well may I ween your grief is wond’rous great. Spenfer.
So well it her befeems, that ye would ween
Some angel (he had been. Spenfer’s Epithalamium.
When weening to return, whence they did flray,
They cannot find that path which firft was fhown ;
But wander to and fro in ways unknown,
Furtheft from end then, when they neareft ween. Fa.Queen.
Thy father, in pity of my hard diftrefs,
Levy’d an army, weening to redeem
And reinftal me in the diadem. Shakefp. Henry VI.
Ween you of better luck,
I mean, in perjur’d witnefs, than your mafter,
Whofe minifter you are, while here he liv’d
Upon this naughty earth. Shak. Henry VIII.
T hey ween'd
That felf-fame day, by fight or by furprize.
To win the mount of God ; and on his throne
To fet the envier of his ftate, the proud
Afpirer; but their thoughts prov’d fond and vain. Milton.
To WEEP. v. n. preter. and part. pafl*. wept, wceped . [peopan,
Saxon.]
1. To fhow forrow by tears.
In that fad time
My manly eyes did fcorn an humble tear;
And what thefe forrows could not hence exhale.
That beauty hath, and made them blind with weeping. Shak.
I.fear he will prove the weeping philofopher when he grows
old, being fo full of unmannerly fadnefs in his youth. Shakefp.
The days of weeping and mourning for Mofes were ended.
Dcutr. xxxiv. 8.
Have you wept for your fin, fo that you were indeed forrowful in your fpirit? Are you fo forrowful that you hate it? Do
you fo hate it that you have left it ? Taylor.
Away, with women weep, and leave me here.
Fix’d, like a man, to die without a tear.
Or fave, or flay us both. Dryden.
A corps it was, but whofe it was, unknown ;
Yet mov’d, howe’er, fhe made the cafe her own;
Took the bad omen of a fhipwreck'd man,
As for a ftranger wept. Dryden.
When Darius wept over bis army, that within a fingle age
not a man of all that confluence would be left alive, Artabanus improved his meditation by adding, that yet all of them
fhould meet with fo many evils, that every one fhould wifti
hirnfelf dead long before. Wake's Preparationfor Death.
This lovely weeping fair cannot be dearer to thee.
Than thou art to thy faithful Seofrid. Rozie.
2. To flied tears from any paffion.
Then they for fudden joy did weep.
And I for forrow fung,
That fuch a king fhould play bo-peep.
And go the fools among. Shakefp. King Lear.
3. To lament; to complain.
They weep unto me, faying, give usflefhthatwe may eat. Num.
To Weep. v. a.
1. To lament with tears ; to bewail; to bemoan.
If thou wilt weep my fortunes, take my eyes. Shakefpeare.
Nor was I near to clofe his dying eyes.
To wafh his wounds, to weep his obfequies. Dryden.
We wand’ring go
Through dreary waftes, and weep each other’s woe. Pope.
2. To fhed moifture.
Thus was this place
A happy rural feat of various view.
Groves whofe rich trees zvept od’rous gums and balm. Milt,
Let India boaft her plants, nor envy we
The weeping amber or the balmy tree,
While by our oaks the precious loads are borne.
And realms commanded which thofe trees adorn. Pope.
3. To abound with wet.
Rey-grafs grows on clayey and weeping grounds. Mortimer.
We'eper. n.f. [from weep.]
1. One who fheds tears ; a lamenter; a bewailer; a mourner.
If you have ferved God in a holy life, fend away the vvo4
W E I W E I
mct\ and the weepers: tell them it is as much intempefance to
weep too much as to laugh too much : if thou art alone, or
with fitting company, die as thou fhould’ft; but do not die
impatiently, and like a fox catched in a trap. ’Taylor.
Laughter is eafy ; but the wonder lies*
What ftofe of brine fupply’d the weeper's eyes. Dryden.
2.A white border on the fleeve ot a mourning coat.
Wti t:k 1 sh. adj. [See Wearish.J 1 his old word is ufed by
Afoam in a fenfe which the lexicographers feem not to have
known. Applied to taltes, it means infipid; applied to the
body, weak and wafhv : here it feems to mean four; furly.
A voice not foft, weak, piping, womanifh; but audible,
ftrong, and manlike: a countenance not weerijh and crabbed,
but fair and comely. Afcbanis Schoolmajler.
IoWeet. v.n. preterite Wot, or wote. [pitan, Saxon ; weten,
Dutch.J 1 o know ; to be informed ; to have knowledge.
Obfolete.
Him the prince with gentle court did board ;
Sir knight, mought I of you this court’fy read,
To weet why on your Afield, fo goodly fcor'd,
Bear ye the picture of that lady’s head ? Spenfer.
I bind,
On pain of punifhment, the world to weet
Welland up peerlefs. Shakefp. Ant. andCleopatra.
But well I weet thy cruel wrong
Adorns a nobler poet’s fong. Prior.
We'etless. adj. [from weet.] Unknowing. Spenfer.
We'evil. n.f. [pipe!, Saxon; vevel. Dutch.] A grub.
A worm called a weevil, bred under ground, feedeth upon
roots; as parfnips and carrots. Bacons NaturalHijlory.
Corn is fo innocent from breeding of mice, that it doth not
produce the very weevils that live in it and confume it. Bentity.
We'ezel n.f, [See Weasel.]
i fuck melancholy out of a fong, as a weazel fucks eggs. Shak.
The corn-devouring weezel here abides.
And the wife ant. Dryden's Georg.
Weft. The old preterite and part. paff from To wave. Spenf.
Weft. n.f. [guaive, French; vofa, to wander, Iflandick;
vagus, Latin. ]
1. That of which the claim is generally waved ; any tiling wan¬
dering without an owner, and feized by the lord of themanour.
His horfe, it is the herald’s weft;
No, ’tis a mare. Ben. Jobnfon's Undenvoods.
2. It is in Bacon iorwaft, a gentle blaft.
The fmell of violets exceedeth in fweetnefs that of fpices,
and the ftrongeft fort of fmells are beft in a weft afar off. Bac.
WEFT. n.f. [pepta, Saxon.] The woof of cloth.
We'etage. n.f. [from weft.] Texture.
The whole mufcles, as they lie upon the bones, might be
truly tanned; whereby the weftage of the fibres might more
eafily be obferved. Grew's Mufetum.
To Weigh, v. a. [poejan, Saxon ; weyhen, Dutch.]
i; To examine by the balance.
Earth taken from land adjoining to the Nile, and preferved,
fo as not to be wet nor wafted, and weighed daily, will not alter
weight until the feventeenth of June, when the river beginneth to rife ; and then it will grow more and more ponderous,
’till the river cometh to its height. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Th’ Eternal hung forth his golden feales,
Wherein all things created firft he weigh'd. Milton.
2. To be equivalent to in weight.
By the exfuefion of the air out of a glafs-veflel, it made
that veffel take up, or fuck up, to fpeak in the common lan¬
guage, a body wAgh ng divers ounces. Boyle.
3. To pay, allot, or take by weight.
They that muft weigh out my afflictions,
They that my truft muft grow to, live not here ;
They are, as all my comforts are, far hence. Shnkefpeare.
They weighed for my price thirty pieces of iilver. Zech. xi.
4. To raife ; to take up the anchor.
Barbarofla, ufingthis exceeding cheerfulnefs of his foldiers,
weighed up the fourteen gallies he had funk. Knolles.
Here he left me, ling’ring here delay’d
His parting kifs, and there his anchor weigh'd. Dryden.
5. To examine ; to balance in the mind.
Regard not who it is which fpeaketh, but weigh only what
is fpoken. Hooker.
I have in equal balance juftly weigh'd
What wrongs our arms may do, what wrongs we fufter,
And find our griefs heavier than our offences. Shak. U. IV.
The ripenefs or unripenefs of the occafion muft ever be well
weighed. " Bacon.
His majefty’s fpeedy march left that defign to be better
weighed and digefted. Clarendon.
You chofe a retreat, and not ’till you had maturely weighed
the advantages of rifing higher, with the hazards of the
fall. Dryden.
All grant him prudent; prudence intereft weighs,
And intereft bids him feek your love and praife. Dryden.
The mind, having the power to fufpend the fatisfa&ion of
any of its defires, is at liberty to examine them on all Tides,
and weigh them with others. Locke.
lie is the only proper judge of our perfections, who weight
the goodnefs of our aChons by the fincerity of our intentions.
Addifon's Spectator.
6. To Weigh down. To overbalance.
Fear weighs clown faith with fhame. Daniel’s Civ. War.
7. To Weigh down. To overburden ; to opprefs with weight;
to deprefs.
The Indian fig boweth fo low, as it taketh root again ; the
plenty of the fap, and the foftnefs of the flalk, making the
bough, being overloaden, weigh down. Bacom
In thy blood will reign
A melancholy damp of cold and dry,
To weigh thy fpirits down. Milton.
Her father’s crimes
Sit heavy on her, and weigh down her prayers;
A crown ufurp’d, a lawful king depos’d,
His children murder’d. Dryden''s Spanifh Fryar»
My foul is quite weigh'd down with care, and afks
The foft refrefhment of a moment’s fleep. Addifon's Cato.
Excellent perfons, weighed down by this habitual forrow of
heart, rather deferve our compaffion than reproach. Addifon.
To Weigh, v. n.
1. To have weight.
ExaCIly weighing and ftrangling a chicken in the feales, upon
an immediate ponderation, we could difeover no difference in
weight; but fuffering it to lie eight or ten hours; until it grew
perfectly cold, it weighed molt fenfibly lighter. Brown.
2. To be confidered as important; to have weight in the intel¬
lectual ballance.
This objection ought to weigh with thofe, whofe reading is
defigned fqr much talk and little knowledge. Locke.
A wife rnan is then beft fatisfied, when he finds that the fame
argument which weighs with him has weighed with thoufands
before him, and is fuch as hath born down all oppofition. Addif
3. To raife the anchor.
When gath’ringclouds o’erfliadow all the fkies.
And (hoot quick lightnings, iveigb, my boys, he cries. Dry.
4. To bear heavily; to prefs hard..
Can’ft thou not minifter to a mind difeas’d.
And with fome fweet oblivious antidote
Cleanfe the fluff'd bofom of that perilous fluff
Which weighs upon the heart ? Shakefp. Macbeth.
Weighed, adj. [from weigh.] Experienced.
In an embaffy of weight, choice was made of fome fad peffon of known experience, and not of a young man, not
weighed in ftate matters. Bacon.
We'igher. n.f. [from weigh.] He who weighs.
WEIGHT, n.f. [ pipe, Saxon. ]
I. Quantity meafured by the ballance.
Tobacco cut and weighed, and then dried by the fire, lofeth
weight; and, after being laid in the open air, recovereth weight
again. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Fain would I chufe a middle courfe to fleer;
Nature’s too kind, and juftice toofevere:
Speak for us both, and to the balance bring.
On either fide, the father and the king:
Heav’n knows my heart is bent to fayour thee;
Make it but fcanty weight, and leave the reft to me. Dryd.
Boerhaave fed a fparrow with bread four days, in which
time it eat more than its own weight; and yet there was no
acid found in its body. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
1. A mafs by which, as the ftandard, other bodies are examined.
Juft balances, juft weights fliall ye have. Lev. xix. 36.
Undoubtedly there were fuch weights which the phyficians
ufed, who, though they might reckon according to the weight
of the money, they did not weigh their drugs with pieces of
money. Arbuthnot on Coins.
When the balance is intirely broke, by mighty weights
fallen into either fcale, the power will never continue long in
equal divifion, but run intirely into one. Surift.
3. Ponderous mafs.
A man leapeth better with weights in his hands than with¬
out ; for that the weight, if proportionable, ftrengtheneth the
finews by contracting them ; otherwife, where no contraction
is needful, weight hindereth: as we fee in horferaces, men are
curious to forefee that there be not the leaft weight upon the"
one horfe more than upon the other. In leaping with weights,
the arms are firft caft backwards, and then forwards, with fo
much the greater force. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
Wolley, who from his own great ftore might have
A palace or a college for his grave.
Lies here interr’d :
Nothing but earth to earth, no pond’rous weight
Upon him, but a pebble or a quoit:
If thus thou lie’ft negleCted, what muft we
Hope after death, who are but fhreds of thee ? Bp. Corbet.
All their confidence
Under the iveight of mountains bury’d deep. Milton.
Pride, like a gulf, fwallows us up; our very virtues, when
fo leavened, becoming weights and plummets to fink us to the
deeper ruin. Government of the Torrgue.
30 M QThew
W E L W E I
Then fhun the ill; and know, my dear,
Kindnefs and conftancy will prove
1 lie only pillars fit to bear
So vaft a weight as that of love. Prio<\
4. Gravity; heavinefs; tendency to the center.
Heavinefs or weight is not here confidered as being fuch a
natural quality, whereby condenfed bodies do of themfelves
tend downwards; but rather as being an affe&ion, whereby
they may be meafured. Wilkins.
The fhaft that (lightly was imprefs’d,
Now from his heavy fall with weight increas’d,
Drove through his neck. Dryden.
What natural agent impel them fo ftrongly with a tranfvc-rfe
fide blow againft that tremendous weight and rapidity, when
whole worlds are falling? Bentley.
5. Preffure; burthen; overwhelming power.
Thou art no Atlas for fo great a weight. Shakefpcare.
So (hall the world go on,
To good malignant, to bad men benign,
Under her own weight groaning. Milton.
We muft thofe, who groan beneath the weight
Of age, difeafe, or want, commiferate. Denham.
The prince may carry the plough, but the weight lies upon
1 the people. L’EJIrange.
Poflbffion’s load was grown fo great.
Pie funk beneath the cumb’rous weight. Swift.
6. Importance; power; influence; efficacy.
How to make ye fuddenly an anfwer.
In fuch a point of weight, fo near mine honour.
In truth I know not. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
If this right of heir carry an)' weight with it, if it be the
ordinance of God, muft not all be fubjed to it. Locke.
To make the fenfe of efteem or difgrace fink the deeper,
and be of the more weight, other agreeable or difagreeable
things fhould conftantly accompany thele different ftates. Locke.
An author’s arguments lofe their weight, when we are perfuaded that he only writes for argument’s fake. Addifon.
See, Lord, the forrows of my heart,
Ere yet it be too late ;
And hear my Saviour’s dying groans,
To give thofe forrows weight. Addifon's Spectator.
The folemnities that encompafs the magiftrate add dignity
to all his adions, and weight to all his words. Atterbury.
We'ightily. adv. [from weighty,]
1. Heavily; ponderoufly.
2. Solidly ; importantly.
Is his poetry the worfe, becaufe he makes his agents fpeak
weightily and fententioufly ? Broome’s Notes on the Od\ffey.
WeYghtiness. n.f. [from weighty.]
1. Ponderofity; gravity; heavinefs.
2. Solidity; force.
I fear I have dwelt longer on this paffage than the weightinefs
of any argument in it retires. Locke.
3. Importance.
The apparent defed of her judgment, joined to the weighti¬
nefs of the adventure, caufed many to marvel. Hayward.
Weightless, adj. [from weight.]
1. Light; having no gravity.
How by him balanc’d in the zveightlefs air ?
Can’ft thou the wifdom of his works declare? Sandys.
2. Not poffible to be weighed. Improper.
It muft both weigt tlef and immortal prove,
Becaufe the centre of it is above. Dryden.
We'ighty. adj. [from weight.]
1. Heavy ; ponderous.
You have already weary’d fortune fo,
She cannot farther be your friend or foe;
But fits all breathlefs, and admires to feel
A fine fo vjeighty, that it flops her wheel. Dryden.
2. Important; momentous; efficacious.
I to your affiftance do make love,
Mafking the bufinefs from the common eye
For fundry zve'ghty reafons. Shakefp. Macbeth.
No fool Pythagoras was thought:
Whilft he his zveighty dodrines taught.
He made his lift’ning fcholars ftand,
Their mouth ftill cover’d with their hand :
Elfe, may-be, fome odd-thinking youth,
Lefs friend to dodrine than to truth,
Might have refus’d to let his ears
Attend the mufick of the fpheres. Prior.
'Thus fpoke to my lady the knight full of care.
Let me have your advice in a zveighty affair. Swift.
3. Rigorous; fevere. Not in ufe.
If, after two days fhine, Athens contains thee,
Attend our "weightier judgment. Shakef. Timon.
We LAW AY. mterj. [This I once believed a corruption of weal
away, that is, happinefs is gone : to Junius explained it; but
the Saxon exclamation is palapa, zvoe on woe: from wclazvay, is
formed by corruption weladay.] Alas.
Harrow now out, and zvealaway, he cried.
What difmal day hath lent this curfed light! Spenfer.
Ah, welauay ! moft noble lords, how can
Your cruel eyes endure fo piteous fight ? Fairy Queen.
We!away, the while I was fo fond,
To leave the good that I had in hond. Spenfer.
WE'I.COME. adj. [bien venu, French ; pilcume, Saxon; welkom, Dutch.]
1. Received with gladnefs; admitted willingly to any place or
enjoyment; grateful; pleafing.
1 ferve you, madam :
Your graces are right welcome. Shakefp. King Lear.
He, though not of the plot, will like it.
And wifh it fhould proceed ; for, unto men
Preft with their wants, all change is ever welcome. B. Johnf.
Here let me earn my bread,
’Till oft invocated death
Haflen the welcome end of all my pains. Milton.
He that knows how to make thofe he converfes with eafy,
has found the true art of living, and being welcome and valued
every where. Locke.
2. To bid Welcome. To receive with profeffions of kindnefs.
Some flood in a row in fo civil a fafhion, as if to welcome
us ; and divers put their arms a little abroad, which is their
gefture when they bid any welcome. BScon.
We'lcome. interj. A form of falutation ufed to a new comer,
elliptically ufed for you are welcome.
, Welcome, he Laid,
O long expeded to my dear embrace. Dryden.
Welcome, great monarch, to your own. Dryden.
Welcome, n.f.
j. Salutation of a new comer.
Welcome ever fmiles, and farewel goes out fighing. Shakefp.
Leontes opening his free arms, and weeping
His welcome forth. Shak. Winter's Tale.
2. Kind reception of a newcomer.
I fhould be free from injuries, and abound as much in the
true caufes of welcomes, as I fhould find want of the effects
thereof. Sidney.
I look’d not for you yet, nor am provided
For your fit "welcome. Shakef King Lear.
Maciam, new years may well expert to find
We'ccme from you, to whom they are fo kind :
Still as they pafs they court and fmile on you,
And make your beauty as themfelves feem. new. Waller.
W here diligence opens the door of the underftanding, and
impartiality keeps it, truth finds an entrance and a welcome
too. South’s Sermons.
To We'lcome. v. a. To falute a new comer with kindnefs.
I know no caufe
Why I fhould welcome fuch a gueft as grief.
Save bidding farewel to fo fweet a gueft
As my fweet Richard. Shakefp. Richard II.
They flood in a row in fo civil a fafhion, as if to welcome
us. Bacon.
Thus we falute thee with our early fong,
And welcome thee, and wifh thee Ions:. Milton.
To zvetccme home
His warlike brother, is Pirithous come Dryden.
The lark and linnet ftrain their warbling throats,
To welcr.me in the Spring. Dryden.
Welcome to cur Houfe n.f. An herb. Ainfworth.
We'lcomen; ss. n.J. [from welcome.'] Gratefulnefs.
Our joys, after fome centuries of years, may feem to have
grown elder, by having been enjoyed fo many ages; yet will
they really ftill continue new, not only upon the fcores of their
welcomenefs, but by their perpetually equal, becaufe infinite,
diftance from a period. Boyle.
We'lcomer. n.f. [from welcome.'] The faluter or receiver of
a new comer.
Farewel, thou woful welcomer of glory. Shakefpeare.
Weld, or Would, n.f. [luteola, Latin.] Yellow weed, or
dyers weed.
Its leaves are oblong and intire : it has an anomalous flower,
confiding of many diliimilar leaves : the fruit is globular, hol¬
low, and divided into three parts. The dyers ufe it for dying
bright yellows and lemon colours ; and this is by fome fuppofed to be the plant ufed by the ancient Pids in painting
their bodies. Mdier.
To Weld, for To wield. Spenfer.
To Weld. v. a. To beat one mafs into another, fo as to in¬
corporate them.
Sparkling or zvelding heat is ufed when you double up your
iron to make it thick enough, and fo weld or work in the
doubling into one another. Moxon's Mech. hxer.
We'lder. n.f A term perhaps merely Irifh ; though it may
be derived from To wield, to turn or manage : whence wielder,
welder.
Such immediate tenants have others under them, and fo a
third and fourth in fubordination, ’till it comes to the zi/elder,
as they call him, who fits at a rack-rent, and lives miferably. " Swift.
Wk'lf a r e . »./. [well andfare.] Happinefs; fuccefs; profperity.
If friends to a government forbear their affiftance, they put
s it
W E L W E L
it in the power of a few defperate men to ruin the welfare of
thofe who are fuperiour to them in ftrength and intereft. Add.
Difcretion is the perfection of reafon : cunr.ing is a kind of
inftinCt that only looks out after our immediate intereft and
welfare. Addifon s Spectator.
To W elk. v. p. [Of this word in Spenfer I know not wdlthe
meaning: pealcan, in Saxon, is to roll; wo!ken, in German,
and pelcen, in Saxon, are clouds; whence I fuppofe well,
zvek, or wbilk is an undulation or corrugation, or corrugated
or convolved body. fVhilk is ufed for a fmall Ihell-fifh.J To
cloud ; to obfcire.
Now fad Winter welked hath the day,
And Phoebus, weary of his yearly talk,
Eftabiifhed hath his fteeds in lowly lay,
And taken up his inn in fifties hafk. Spenfer.
As gentle fhepherd in fweet eventide,
When ruddy Phcehus ’gins to wrlk in Weft,
Marks which do bite their hafty fupper beft. Fairy Queen.
The ivelked Phoebus Van avale
His weary wain. Spenfer.
We'lked. adj. Wrinkled; wreathed.
Methought his eyes
Were two full moons : he had a thoufand nofes,
Horns welk'd and wav’d like the enridged fea. Skakefpeare.
We'lkin. n.f. [from pealcan, to roll, or pelcen, clouds, Sax.]
1. The viftble regions of the air. Out of ufe, except in poetry.
Ne in all the welkin was no cloud. Chaucer.
He leaves the welkin way meft beaten plain,
And rapt wuth whirling wheels inflames the fkyen,
With fire not made to burn, but fairly for to ftiine. Fa. Qu.
The fwallow peeps out of her neft,
And cloudy welkin cleareth. Spenfer’s Pnjlorals.
Spur your proud horfes hard, and ride in blood :
Amaze the we'kin with vour broken ftaves. Sbak. R. III.
With feats of arms
From either end of heav’n the zvelkin burns. Milton.
Now my talk is fmoothly done,
I can fly, or I can run
Quickly to the green earth’s end,
Where the bow’d welkin flow doth bend. Milton.
Their hideous yells
Rend the dark welkin. Philips.
2. Welkin Eye, is, I fuppofe, blue eye; fkycoloured eye.
Yet were it true
To fay this boy were like me! Come, fir page,
Look on me with your welkin eye, fweet villain. Shakefpeare.
WELL. n.f. [pelle, pcell, Saxon.]
1. A fpring ; a fountain ; a fource.
Begin then, filters of the facred well,
That from beneath the feat of Jove doth fpring Alilton.
As the root and branch are but one tree,
And well and ftream do hut one river make;
So if the root and well corrupted be,
The ftream and branch the fame corruption take. Davies.
2. A deep narrow pit of water.
The mufcles are fo many it’*//-buckets: when one of them
aCts and draws, ’tis neceflary that the other muft obey. Dryden.
3. The cavity in vhich ftairs are placed.
Hollow newelled ftairs are made about a fquare hollow
newel: fuppofe the well-hole to be eleven foot long, and fix
foot vi ide, and we would bring up a pair of ftaiis from the firft
floor eleven foot high, it being intended a fky-light fhall fall
through the hollow newel. Alo\on’s Mecb Exer.
To Well. v.n. [peallan, Saxon.] To fpring; to i flue as from
a fpring.
Thereby a cryftal ftream did gently play,
Which from a facred fountain weiled forth alway. Fa. Qu.
The bubbling wave did ever frefhly well. dairy Queen.
A dreary corfe,
All wallow’d in his own yet lukewarm blood.
That from his wound yet welled frefh, alas ! Spenfer.
Himfelf aflifts to lift him from the ground,
With clotted locks, and blood that well’d from out the
wound. Dryden s /.Fn.
From his two fprings,
Pure welling out, he through the lucid lake
Of fair Dambea rolls his infant ftream. Thonfon's Summer.
To Well. v. a. To pour any thing forth.
To her people wealth they forth do well.
And health to every foreign nation. Fairy Queen.
Well. adj. [Well feems to be lometimes an ad'e&ive, though
it is not always eafy to determine its relations ]
1.Not fick ; not unhappy.
Mark, we ufe
To fay the dead are well. Shake/. Ant. and Cleopatra.
Lady, I am not well, elfe I fliould anfwer
From a full flowing ftomach. Shakefp. King Lear.
In poifon there is phyfick; and this news,
That would, had I been well, have made me fick,
Being fick, hath in fome meafure made me well. Shakefp.
While thou art well, thou mayeft do much good ; but when
thou art fick, thou can’ft not tell what thou (halt be able to do :
it is hot very much nor very good Few men mend with ficknefs, as there are but few who by travel and a Wandering life
become devout. 7ay 'or's Guide to Devotion.
Men under irregular appetites never think themfclves zvell,
fo long as they fa hey they' might be better; then from bett-Jr
they muft rife to belt. L'E/lrange.
’Tis eafy lor any, when wtl, to give advice to them that
are not. H ake's Prepara.ionfor Death.
2. Convenient; happy.
Holdings were fo plentiful, and holders fo fcarce, as well
was the landlord, who could get one to be his tenant. Carew.
Charity is made the conftant companion and perfection of
all virtues ; and iVell it is for that virtue where it moft enters,
and longeft flays. Sprat s Sermons.
This exaCtnefs is neceflary, arid it would be well too, if it
extended itfelf to common converfatioii. Lochu
It would have been well for Genoa, if fhe had followed
the example of Venice, in not permitting her nobles to make
any purchafe of lands in the dominions of a foreign prince. Ad.
3. Being in favour.
He followed the fortunes of that family ; and was zvell
with Henry the fourth. Drydeni
4. Recovered from any ficknefs or misfortune.
1 am forty
For your difpleafure ; but all will fure be well. Shdkefpeare.
Juft thoughts, and modeft expectations are eafily fatisfied.
If we don’t over-rate our preteniions, all will be well. Collier.
Well. adv. [will, Gothick; pell, Saxon; wel, Dutch; vel,
Iflandick.
t. Notill; not unhappily.
Some fenfe, and more eftate, kind heav’n
To this ^//-lotted peer has given :
What then ? he muft have rule and fway ;
Elfe all is wrong till he’s in play. Prior*
2. Not ill ; not wickedly.
My bargains, and well-won thrift he calls int’reft. Shak.
Thou one bad aCt with many deeds well done
May’ft cover. Milton.
3. Skilfully; properly.
A private caution I know not well how to fort, unlefs I
fhould call it political, by no means to build too near a great
neighbour.
Beware and govern well thy appetite.
Whether the learn’d Minerva be her theme,
Or chafte Diana bathing in the ftream ;
None can record their heavenly praife fo well.
What poet would not mourn to lee
His brother write as well as he ?
4. Not amifs ; not unfuccefsfully ; not erroneoufly.
Solyman commended them for a plot fo well by them laid,
more than he did the victory of others got by good fortune, not
grounded upon any good reafon. Knolles.
The foldier that philofopher well blam’d.
Who long and loudly in the fchools declaim’d. Denham.
’Tis almoft impoftibleto tranflate verbally and well. Dryden.
5. Not infufficiently ; not defectively.
The plain of Jordan was well watered everywhere. Genefis.
We are zvell able to overcome it. Num.xiii. 30.
The merchant adventurers being a ftrong company, and
well underfet with rich men, held out bravely. Bacon.
6. To a degree that gives pleafure.
I like well, in fome places, fair columns upon frames of
carpenters work. Bacon.
7. With praife ; favourably.
All the world fpeaks zvell of you. Pope.
8. Well is fometimes like the French hien, a term of conceflion.
The knot might well be cut, but untied it could notbe. Sidney.
To know
In meafure what the mind can well contain. Milton.
9. It is a word by which fomething is admitted as the ground
for a conclufion.
JVell, let’s away, and fay how much is done. Shakefpeare.
Well, by this author’s confeffion, a number fuperior are
for the fucceffion in the houfe of Hanover. Szvift.
10. As well as. Together with ; not lefs than.
Coptos was the magazine of all the trade from /Ethiopia,
by the Nile, as zvell as of thofe commodities that came from
the weft by Alexandria. Arbuthnot on Coins.
11. Well is him or me-, bene eft, he is happy.
Well is him that dwelleth with a wife of underftanding, and
that hath not flipped with his tongue. Ecduf. xxv. 8.
12. Well nigh. Nearly; 2lmoft.
1 freed well nigh half th’ angelick name. Alilton.
13. It is ufed much in compofition, to expreft any thing right,
laudable, or not defective.
AntiochuS underftanding him not be well affeCted to his af¬
fairs, provided for his own lafety. 2 Mac. iv. 21.
There may be fafety to the ttv/Z-affeCHd Peifians; but to
thofe which do conipire againft us, a memorial of dcftrudion. Eflh. xvi. 23,
Should a whole hoft at once difeh^rge the bovy,
My W/-aim’d fhaft with death prevents the foe. Pope.
What
Wotton.
Alilton.
Dryden.
Swift.
W E L W E L
What well-appointed leader fronts us here ? Shakefp.
Well-apparel’d April on the heel
Ot limping winter treads. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
The pow r ot wifdom march’d before,
And ere the facrificing throng he join’d,
Admonifh’d thus his ^//-attending mind. Pope.
Such muficlc
Before was never made,
But when of old the fons of morning fung,
Whilft the Creator great
His conftellations fet,
And the ^//-balanc’d world on hinges hung. Milton.
Learners muff at firft be believers, and their mailer’s rules
having been once made axioms to them, they miilead thofe
who think it fufficient to excufe them, if they go out of
their way in a zwZZ-beaten track. Locke.
He chofe a thoufand horfe, the flow’r of all
His warlike troops, to wait the funeral :
To bear him back, and Ihare Evander’s grief;
A ^//-becoming, but a weak relief. Dryden.
Thofe oppofed files.
Which lately met in the inteftine Ihock,
And furious clofe of civil butchery.
Shall now, in mutual w^ZZ-befeeming rank,
March all one way. Shakefp. Hen. IV.
O’er the Elean plains, thy ^//-breath’d horfe
Impels the flying car, and wins the courfe. Dryden.
More difmal than the loud difploded roar
Of brazen enginry, that ceafelefs florms
The baftion of a well-bu'dt city. Philips.
_ He conduced his courfe among the fame %><?//-chofen
friendfhips and alliances with which he began it. Addifon.
My fon corrupts a well-ikerived nature
With his inducement. Shakefpeare.
If good accrue, ’tis conferr’d mofl commonly on the bale
and infamous 3 and only happening fometimes to well-defervers. Dryden.
It grieves me he Ihould defperately adventure the lofs of his
well-deferving life. Sidney, b. ii.
What a pleafure is well-directed fludy in the fearch of
truth ! ' Zocke.
A certain fpark of honour, which rofe in her ‘uWZ-difpofed
mind, made her fear to be alone with him, with whom alone
fhe defired to be. Sidney, b. ii.
The unprepofiefled, the w<?//-difpofed, who both together
make much the major part of the world, are affeefted with a
due fear of thefe things. South’s Sermons.
A clear idea is that, whereof the mind hath fuch a full
and evident perception, as it does receive from an outward
objecl, operating duly on a wcZZ-difpofed organ. Locke.
Amid the main, two mighty fleets engage $
Acftium furveys the ztvZZ-difputed prize. Drydecn.
The ways of well- doing are in number even as many, as
are the kinds of voluntary adtions : fo that vvhatfoever we do
in this world, and may do it ill, we fhew ourfelves therein
by w/*ZZ-doing to be wife. Hooker, b. ii.
The conlcience of well-doing may pafs for a recompence. L’EJhange.
God will judge every man according to his works 3 to
them, who by patient continuance in well-doing, endure
through the heat and burden of the day, he will give the re¬
ward of their labour. Rogers's Sermons.
As fat the fpear I throw,
As flies an arrow from the well-drawn bow. Pope.
Fair nymphs and well-drefs’d youths around her {hone.
But ev’ry eye was fixt on her alone. Pope.
Such a doeftrine in St. James’s air,
Shou’d chance to make the well-dreft rabble flare. Pope.
The defire of efteem, riches, or power, makes men efpoufe
the w<?//-endowed opinions in fafhion. Locke.
We ought to fland firm in 7WZ-eftablifhed principles, and
not be tempted to change for every difficulty. Watts.
Echenus fage, a venerable man !
Whofe TwZZ-taught mind the prefent age furpafs’d. Pope.
Some reliques of the true antiquity, though difguifed, a
well-eyed man may happily difeover. Spenfer on Ireland.
How fvveet the products of a peaceful reign ?
The heaven-taught poet, and enchanting ftrain :
The well-fi\Yd palace, the perpetual feaft 3
A land rejoicing, and a people blefl. Pope.
Turkifh blood did his young hands imbrue.
I rom thence returning with deferv’d appla-ufe,
Againft the Moors his well-fiefn’d fword he draws. Dryden.
haireft piece of well-form’d earth,
Urge not thus your haughty birth. Waller.
A rational foul can be no more difeerned in a ^//-formed,
than ill-fhaped infant. Locke.
A well-formed propofition is fufficient to communicate the
knowledge of a fubjeft. Watts.
Oh ! that I d dy d before the 7*WZ-fought wall !
Had fome diftinguifh’d day renown’d my fall,
All Greece had paid my folemn funerals. Pope.
Good men have a weZZ-grounded hope in another life 3 and
4
are as certain of a future recompence, as of the being of
^oc** Alterbury.
Ect firm, wZZ-hammer’d foies protect thy fret
Through freezing fnows. Gay’s Trivia.
1 he camp of the heathen was ftrong, and M^ZZ-harnefled,
and compafied round with horfemen. j Mic. iv. 7.
Among the Romans, thofe who faved the life of a citizen,
were drefled in an oaken garland 3 but among us, this has
been a mark of fuch wWZ-intentioned perfbns as would be¬
tray their country. Addifon.
He, full of fraudful arts,
This well-invented tale for truth imparts. Dryden.
He, by enquiry, got to the well-known houfe of Kalander. Sidn
Soon as thy letters trembling I unclofe,
That well-known name awakens all my woes. Pope
Where proud Athens rears her tow’ry head.
With opening ftreets, and fhining ftrudtures fpread
She paft, delighted, with the well-known feats. Pope.
From a confin’d zWZ-manag’d ftore,
You both employ and feed the poor. Waller.
A noble foul is better pleas’d with a zealous vindicator of
liberty, than with a temporizing poet, or a^ZZ-manner’d courtflave, and one who is ever decent, becaufe he is naturally fervile. Dryden’s Dedication to Juvenal.
Well-meaners think no harm 3 but for the reft.
Things facred they pervert, and filence is the beft. Dryden.
By craft they may prevail on the weaknefs of fome un¬
meaning men to engage in their defigns. Rogers’s Sermons.
He examines that well-meant, but unfortunate, lie of the
conqueft of France. Arbuthnot.
A critick fuppofes he has done his part, if he proves a
writer to have fail’d in an exprelfion 3 and can it be wonder’d
at, if the poets feem relolved not to own themfelves in any
error ? for as long as one fide defpifes a well-meant endea¬
vour, the other will not be fatisfied with a moderate appro¬
bation. Pope’s Preface to his Works.
Many fober, well-minded men, who were real lovers of
the peace of the kingdom, were impofed upon. Clarendon.
Jarring int’refts of themfelves create
Th’according rnufick of a well-mix d ftate. Pope.
When the blaft of winter blows.
Into the naked wood he goes 3
And feeks the tufky boar to rear.
With uVZ-mouth’d hounds, and pointed fpear. Dryden.
The applaufe that other people’s reafon gives to virtuous
and uWZ-ordered a&ions, is the proper guide of children, till
they grow able to judge for themfelves. Locke.
The fruits of unity, next unto the uWZ-pleafing of God,
which is all in all, are towards thofe that are without the
church 3 the other toward thofe that are within. Bacon.
The exercife of the offices of charity is always well-p\eafing to God, and honourable among men. Atterbury.
My voice fhall found, as you do prompt mine ear 3
And I will ftoop, and humble my intents
To your wWZ-practis’d wife directions. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
The uWZ-proportion’d fhape, and beauteous face.
Shall never more be feen by mortal eyes. Dryden.
’Twas not the hafty product of a day.
But the m?/Z-ripcn’d fruit of wife delay. Dryden.
Procure thofe that are frefh gathered, ftrait, fmooth, and
Well-rooted. • Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
If I fhould inftruct them to make well-running verfes, they
want genius to give them ftrength. Dryden.
The eating of a well-feafoned difb, fuited to a man’s pa¬
late, may move the mind, by the delight itfelf that accom¬
panies the eating, without reference to any other end. Locke.
Inftead of well-fet hair, baldnefs. lfa. iii. 24.
Abraham and Sarah were old, and M^ZZ-ftricken in age. Genefis.
Many well-fllaped innocent virgins are waddling like bigbellied women. Spectator, N° 127.
We never fee beautiful and WZ-tailed fruits from a tree
choaked with thorns and briars. Dryden’s Dufrefnoy.
The well-tim’d oars
With founding ftrokes divide the fparkling waves. Smith.
Wifdom’s triumph is tcWZ-tim’d retreat,
As hard a fcience to the fair as great. Pope.
Mean time we thank you for your well-took labour.
Go to your reft. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Oh you are well-tun’d now 3 but I'll let down the pegs
that make this mufick. Shakefp. Othello.
Her Tt^ZZ-turn’d neck he view’d.
And on her Ihoulders her dilhevel’d hair. Dryden.
A tOf/Z-weighed judicious poem, which at firft gains no
more upon the world than to be juft received, iniinuates it¬
felf bv infenfible degrees into the liking of the reader. Dryden.
He rails
On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift.
Which he calls intereft. Shakefp. Merck, of Venice.
Each by turns the other’s bound invade,
As, in fome zwZZ-wrought picture, light and fliade. Pope.
WeYladay. intcrjeA. [This is a corruption of welaway. Sec
Welawav.1 Alas.
O well-
WEL
O welladay, miftrefs Ford, having an honeft man to your
hufband, to give him fuch caufe of fufpicion. Shakefpeare.
Ah, welladay! I’m fhcnt with baneful fmart. Gay.
Wellbe'ing. n.f. [well and be.] Happinefs; profperity.
Man is not to depend upon the uncertain difpofitions of
men for his wellbeing, but only on God and his own
fpirit. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy.
For whofe wellbeing
So amply, and with hands fo liberal,
Thou haft provided all things. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. viii.
1 he moft facred ties of duty are founded upon gratitude :
fuch as the duties of a child to his parent, and of a fubje&to
his fovereign. From the former there is required love and
honour, in recompence of being; and from the latter obe¬
dience and fubje&ion, in recompence of prote&ion and well¬
being. ' South's Sermons.
All things are fubfervietit to the beauty, order, and well¬
being of the whole. L'Efrange.
He who does not co-operate with this holy fpirit, receives
none of thofe advantages which are perfecting of his nature,
and necefiary to his wellbeing. Spectator, N°. 57 1.
\Vellbo/rn. n.f. Not meanly defeended.
One whofe extraction from an antient line,
Gives hope again that voellborn men may fhine. Waller.
Heav’n, that wellborn fouls infpires.
Prompts me, through lifted fwords, and rifing fires,
To rufh undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden.
Wellbre'd. adj. [welland bred.] Elegant of manners ; polite.
None have been with admiration read,
But who, befides their learning, were wellbred. Rofeom.
Both the poets were wellbred and well-natur’d. Dryden.
Wellbred fpaniels civilly delight.
In mumbling of the game they dare not bite. Pope.
Wellna'tured. adj. [well and nature.] Good-natured;
kind.
Welldo/ne. interject. A word of praife.
Welldone, thou good and faithful fervant. Matt. xxv. 21.
Wellfa'voured. adj. [well and favour.] Beautiful; pleafing to the eye.
His wife feems to be wellfavoured. I will ufe her as the
key of the cuckoldy rogue’s coffer. Shakefpeare.
Wellme/t. interj. [veell and meet.] A term of falutation.
Once more to-day wellmet, diftemper’d lords ;
The king by me requefts your prefence ftrajght. Shakefp.
On their life no grievous burthen lies.
Who are wellnatur'd, temperate and wife :
But an inhuman and ill-temper’d mind.
Not any eafy part in life can find. Denham.
The manners of the poets were not unlike ; both of them
were well-bred, ivellnaturcd, amorous, and libertine at leaf!:
in their writings ; it may be alfo in their lives. Dryden.
Still with eftcem no lefs convers’d than read ;
With wit wellnatur d> and with books well-bred. Pope.
Welln/gh. adv. [well and nigh.] Almoft.
The fame fo fore annoyed has the knight.
That wellnigh choaked with the deadly ftink.
His forces fail. Fairy £hieen, b. i.
J\dy feet were almoft gone : my fteps had wellnigh flipt. Pf.
England was wellnigh ruined by the rebellion of the barons,
and Ireland utterly negleCted. Davies.
Whoever fhall read over St. Paul’s enumeration of the
duties incumbent upon it, might conclude, that wellnigh the
whole of chriftianity is laid on the fhoulders of charity
alone. Sprat's Sermons.
Notwithftanding a fmall diverfity of pofitions, the whole ag¬
gregate of matter, as long as it retained the nature of a chaos,
would retain wellnigh an uniform tenuity of texture. Bentley.
Wellspe'nt. adj. Palled with virtue.
They are to lie down without any thing to fupport them in
their age, but the confcience of a wellfpent youth. L'Efrange.
What a refrefhment then will it be to look back upon a
wellfpent life ? Calamy s Sermons.
The conftant tenour of their wellfpent days-,
No lefs deferv’d a juft return of praife. Pope.
We'llspring. n.f. [pcell^epppig, Saxon.] Fountain; fource.
The fountain and wellfpring of impiety, is a refolved purpofe of mind to reap in this world, what fenfual profit or
fenfual pleafure foever the world yieldeth. Hooker.
Underftanding is a wellfpring of life. Prov. xvi. 22.
Wellwi'ller. n.f. [well and wilier.] One who means
kindly.
Difarming all his own countrymen, that no man might
fhew himfelf a wellwiller of mine. Sidney, b. ii.
There are fit occafions miniftred for men to purchafe to
thcmfelves wellwillers by the colour, under which they of¬
tentimes profecute quarrels of envy. Hooker.
WellwFsh. n.f. [W/and wife.] A wilh of happinefs.
Let it not enter into the heart of any one that hath a wellwif) for his friends or poftcrity, to think of a peace with
France, till the Spanifti monarchy be entirely torn from it. Add.
^Vf.llwi'sher. n.f. [from wellwijh.] One who wifhes the
good of another.
W E N
The aClual traitor is guilty of perjury in the eye of the
law; the fecret weuwijher of the caufe is lo before the tribu¬
nal of confcience. Addifon's Freeholdery Nv. 6.
Betray not any of your wellwijhers into the like inconveniencies. . Spectator, N°. 271.
No man is more your fincere wellwifner than myfelf, or
more the fincere wellwijler of your family. Poje.
Welt. n.f. A border; a guard; an edging.
Little low hedges made round like welts, with fome pretty
pyramids, I like well. Bacon.
Certain feioli, or fmatterers, are bufy in the fkirts and outfides of learning, and have fcarce any thing of folid literature
to recommend them. They may have fome edging or trim¬
ming of a fcholar, a welt, or (o ; but no more. B. Johnfon.
To Welt. v.a. [fromthenoun.] To few any thing with a border.
To We'lter. v.n. [pealtan, Saxon; wclteren, Dutch; vclutari, Lat.]
1. To roll in water or mire.
He muft not float upon his watry bier
Unweep’d, nor welter to the parching winds. Milton.
The companions of his fall o’erwhelm’d
He foon difeerns ; and welt'ring by his fide
The next himfelf. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. i.
The gafping head flies off7; a purple flood
Flows from the trunk, that welters in the blood, Dryden.
He fung Darius, great and good.
By too fevere a fate.
Fallen from his high eftate.
And welt'ring in his blood. Dryden s St. Cecilia.
2. To roll voluntarily ; to wallow.
If a man inglut himfelf with vanity, or welter in filthinefs
like a fwine, all learning, all goodnefs is foon forgotten. Aj'cham.
Wemm. n.f [pem, Saxon.] A fpot; a fear.
Although the wound be healed, yet the zvemme or fear ftill
remaineth. Brerewood on Languages.
Wen. n.f. [pen, Saxon.] A flefhy or callous excrefcence, or
protuberance.
Warts are faid to be deftroy’d by the rubbing them with a
green elder flick, and then burying the flick to rot in muck.
It would be tried with corns and wens, and fuch other excrefcences. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Mountains feem but fo many wens and unnatural protube¬
rances upon the face of the earth. More.
The poet rejedls all incidents which are foreign to his
poem : they are wens and other excrefcences, which belong
not to the body. Dryden's Dufrejnoy,
A promontory wen with griefly grace,
Stood high upon the handle of his face. Dryden.
WENCH, n.f. [pencle, Saxon.]
1. A young woman.
What do I, filly wench, know what love hath prepared for
me ? Sidney, b. ii.
Now—how doff thou look now ? Oh ill-ftarr’d wench !
Pale as thy fmock ! when we fhall meet at compt.
This look of thine will hurl my foul from heav’n.
And fiends will fnatch at it. Cold, cold, my girl,
Ev’n like thy chaftity. Shakefp. Othello:
Thou wouldft perfwade her to a worfe offence
Than that, whereof thou didft accufe her wench. Donne.
2. A young woman in contempt; a ftrumpet.
But the rude wench her anfwer’d nought at all. Spenfer.
Do not play in vjench-Y\kz. words with that
Which is fo ferious. Shakefp. Cymbeline.
Men have thefe ambitious fancies,
And wanton wenches read romances. Prior.
3. A ftrumpet.
It is not a digrefiion to talk of bawds in a difeourfe upon
wenches. Spectator, N° 266.
We'ncher. n.f [from wench.] A fornicator.
He muff be no great eater, drinker, or fleeper ; no gamefter, wencher, or fop. Grew’s Cojmology.
To Wend. v.n. [penban, Saxon.]
1. To go; to pafs to or from. This word is now obfolete, but
its preterite went, is ftill in ufe.
Back to Athens fhall the lovers wend
With league, whofe date till death fhall never end. Shakefp.
They zvent on, and inferred, that if the world were a liv¬
ing creature, it had a foul. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
Then Rome fhall wend to Benevento ;
Great feats fhall he atchieve ! Arbuthnot.
2. To turn round. It feems to be an old fea term.
A fhip of 600 tons wiil carry as good ordnance as a fhip
of 1200 tons; and though the greater have double the num¬
ber, the lefler will turn her broadfides twice, before the
greater can wend once. Raleigh.
We'nnel. n.f. [a corrupted word for weanling.] An animal
newly taken from the dam.
Pinch never thy zvennels of water or meat,
If ever ye hope for to have them good neat. Tuffer.
We'nny. adj. [from wen.] Plaving the. nature of a wen.
Some perfons, fo deformed with thefe, have fulpe£!ed them
to be wenny. JVifemans Surgery.
30 N We*t*
WET W H A
Went. ptet. See Wend and Go.
Wept. prct. and part, of weep.
She for joy tenderly wept. Milton.
Were, of the verb to be.
To give our filler to one uncircumcifed, were a reproach
unto us. Gen, xxxiv. 14.
In infufions in things that are of too high a fpirit, you
wet c better pour off the firft infufion, and ufe the latter. Bacon.
Henry divided, as it were,
The perfon of himfelf into four parts. Daniel's Civil War.
As thouo-h there were any feriation in nature, orjufitium’s
imaginable in profeffions, this feafon is termed the phyficians
Vacation. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
He had been well allur’d that art
And conduit were of war the better part. Dryden.
Were. n.f Adam. See Wear.
O river 1 let thy bed be turned from fine gravel to weeds and
mud; letfomeunjuftniggardsmake^mtofpoilthybeauty.Sid.
Wert, the fecond perfon lingular of the preterite of to be.
Thou wert heard B. Johnfon.
O that thou wert as my brother. Cant. viii. 1.
All join’d, and thou of many wert but one. Dryden.
Werth. tueorth, wyrtb. n.f. Whether initial or final in the
names of places, fignify a farm, court, or village, from the
Saxon peojvSig, ufed by them in the fame fenfe. Gibfon’s Cam.
We'sil. n. f See WesanD.
The wcfil, or windpipe, we call afpera arteria. Bacon.
West. n.f. [pept, Saxon; weft, Dutch.] The region where
the fun goes below the horizon at the equinoxes.
The wejl yet glimmers with fome llreaks of day :
Now fpurs the lated traveller apace.
To gain the timely inn. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The moon in level’d wejl was fet. Milton.
All bright Phoebus views in early morn.
Or when his evening beams the tuejl adorn. Pope.
West. adj. Being towards, or coming from, the region of
the fetting fun.
A mighty flrong wejl wind took away the locufts. Ex. x.
This fhall be your wejl border. Num. xxxiv. 6.
The Phenicians had great fleets; fo had the Carthaginians,
which is yet farther wejl. Bacon.
West. adv. To the weft of any place.
Wejl of this foreft.
In goodly form comes on the enemy. Shakefpeare.
What earth yields in India eaft or wejl. Milton.
Wejl from Orontes to the ocean. Milton.
We'stering. adj. Palling to the weft:
The ftar that rofe at evening bright.
Toward heav’ns defeent had Hop’d his wejlering wheel.Milt.
Westerly, adj. [from wef.~\ Tending or being towards
the weft.
Thefe bills give us a view of the mod eafterly, foutherly,
arid wejlerly parts of England. Graunt’s Bills ofMortality.
Western, adj. [from wef.~\ Being in the weft, or toward
the part where the fun fets.
Now fair Phoebus ’gan decline in hafte
His weary waggon to the wefern vale. Spenfer.
The wefern part is a continued rock. Addifon.
Westward, adv. [peptpeapb, Saxon.J Towards the weft.
By water they found the fea zvefward from Peru, which is
always very calm. Abbot’s Defcription ofthe World.
The grove of fycamore.
That wefward rooteth from the city fide. Shakefpeare.
When wefward like the fun you took your way,
And from benighted Britain bore the day. Dryden.
The ftorm flies.
From wefward, when the Ihow’ry kids arife. Addifon.
At home then ftay.
Nor wefward curious take thy way.- Prior.
We'stwardly. adv. [from wefward.'] With tendency to the
weft.
If our loves faint, and wefwardly decline ;
To me thou falfely thine.
And I to thee mine actions fhall difguife. Donne.
Wet. adj. [poet, Saxon; waed, Danifh.]
1. Humid ; having fome moifture adhering.
They are wet with the Ihow’rs of the mountains. Job. xxiv.
The foals of the feet have great affinity with the head, and
the mouth of the ftomach ; as going wet-ihod to thofe that
ufe it not, affedteth both. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
2. Rainy ; watery.
Wet weather feldom hurts the moft unwife. Dryden.
WET. n.f. Water; humidity; moifture; rainy weather.
Plants appearing weather’d, ftubby, and curled, is the
cffeC of immoderate wet. Bacon.
Now the fun, with more effedlual beams.
Had cheer’d the face of the earth, and dry’d the wet
From drooping plant. Milton’s Par. Regain’d.
Tuberofes will not endure the wet; therefore fet your pots
into the conferve, and keep them dry. Evelyn.
Your mailer’s riding-coat turq iniide out, to preferve the
outfide from wet. Swift.
To Wet. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To Immediate; to moiften ; to make to have moifture adhe¬
rent.
Better learn of him, that learned be.
And han been watered at the mules well;
The kindly dew drops from the higher tree.
And wets the little plants, that lowly dwell. Spender..
A drop ofwater running fwiftly over ftraw, wettethnot. Bac.
Wet the thirfty earth with falling Ihow’rs. Milton.
2. To drench with drink.
Let’s drink the other cup to wet our whiftles, and fo fmg
away all fad thoughts. Walton s Angler.
We'ther. n.f. [pebep, Saxon; weder, Dutch.] A ram
caftrated.
I am a tainted wether of the flock,
Meeteft for death. Shakefp. Merch. ofVenice.
He doth not apprehend how the tail of an African weather
outweigheth the body of a good calf, that is, an hundred
pound. Brown’s Vulg. Errours.
Although there be naturally of horfes, bulls, or rams,
more males than females ; yet artificially, that is, by making
geldings, oxen, and weathers, there are fewer. Graunt.
When Blowzelind expir’d, the weather’s bell
Before the drooping flock toll’d forth her knell. Gay.
It is much more difficult to find a fat weather, than if half
that fpecies were fairly knock’d on the head. Swift.
We'tness. [from wet.\ The flats of being wet; moifture;
humidity.
The wetnefs of thefe bottoms often fpoils them for
corn. Mortimer’s Hufbandry.
To Wex. v. a. [corrupted from wax by Spenfer, for a rhyme,
and imitated by Dryden.] To grow ; to increafe.
She firft taught men a woman to obey ;
But when her fon to man’s eftate did wexy
She it furrender’d. Fairy gfiecn, b. ii.
She trod a wexing moon, that foon wou’d wane.
And drinking borrow’d light, be fill’d again. Dryden.
Counting fev’n from noon,
’Tis Venus’ hour, and in the wexing moon. Dryden.
We'zand. n.f. [fee wefand.] The windpipe.
Air is inguftible, and by the rough artery, or wezand, con¬
duced into the lungs. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Whale, n.f. [hpale, Saxon.] Thelargeft of fifh ; the largeft
of the animals that inhabit this globe.
God created the great whales. Genefs.
Barr’d up with ribs of whale-bone, fhe did leefe
Noneofthew/?rfA>’slength,foritreach’dherknees. Bp.Corbet.
The greateft whale that fwims the fea.
Does inftantly my pow’r obey. Swift.
Whame. n.f.
The whamey or burrel-fly, is vexatious to horfes in fummer,
not by flinging, but by their bombylious noife, or tickling
them in flicking their nits on the hair. Derham.
Wha'ly. adj. [See zvealj Marked in flreaks.
A bearded goat, whofe rugged hair,
And whaly eyes, the fign of jealoufy,
Was like the perfon’s felf, whom he did bear. Fa. fjfueen.
Wharf, n.f. [waf Swedifh ; wef Dutch.] A perpendi¬
cular bank or mole, raifed for the convenience of lading or
emptying veffels.
Duller fhould’fl thou be, than the fat weed.
That roots itfelf in eafe on Lethe’s wharf
Would’ft thou not ftir in this. Shakefp. Hamlet.
There were not in London ufed fo many wharfs, or keys,
for the landing of merchants goods. Child on Trade.
Wha'efage. k./ [from wharf.] Dues for landing at a wharf.
Wha'rfinger. n.f. [from wharf.] One who attends a wharf.
To Whurr. v.n. To pronounce the letter r with too much
force. Dift.
What, pronoun, [hpaet, Saxon; waty Dutch.]
1. That which.
What you can make her do,
I am content to look on ; what to fpeak,
I am content to hear. Shakefp. Winter Tale.
In thefe cafes we examine the why, the what, and the
how of things. L’Efrange.
He’s with a fuperflitious fear not aw’d.
For what befals at home, or what abroad. Dryden.
A fatire on one of the common ftamp, never meets with
that approbation, as what is aimed at a perfon whofe merit
places him upon an eminence. Addijon.
Mark what it is his mind aims at in the queftion, and not
what words he expreffes. Locke.
If any thing be ftated in a different manner from what you
like, tell me freely. Pope to Swift.
Whatever commodities lie under the greateft difeouragements from England, thofe are what they are moft induftrioiis
in cultivating. - Swift.
2. Which part.
If we rightly eftimate things, what in them is purely owing
to nature, and what to labour, we fhall find ninety-nine parts
of a hundred arc wholly to be put on the accour.toflabour. Locke.
1 3. Some-
W H A
3. Something that is in one’s mind indefinitely.
I tell thee what, corporal, I could tear her. Shakefpeare.
4. Which offeveral.
Whether it were the {hortnefs of his forefight, the firength
of his will, or the dazling of his fulpicions, or what it was,
certain it is, that the perpetual troubles of his fortunes could
not have been without fome main errors in his nature. Bacon.
Comets are rather gazed upon than wifely obferved; that
is, whnt kind of comet for magnitude, colour, placing in the
heaven, or lafting, produceth what kind of effect. Bacon.
See what natures accompany what colours; for by that you
(hall induce colours by producing thofe natures. Bacon.
Shew what aliment is proper for that intention, and what
intention is proper to be purfued in fuch a conftitution. Arbuth.
5. An interjection by way of furprife or queftion.
JVhat! canft thou not forbear me half an hour.
Then get thee gone, and dig my grave thyfelf ? Shakefpeare.
JVhat if I advance an invention of my own to fupply the
defeCt of our new writers. Dryden s Juvenal.
6. What Though. What imports itthough? notwithftanding.
An elliptical mode of fpeech.
What though a child may be able to read; there is no doubt
but the meaneft among the people under the law had been as
able as the priefts themfelves were to offer facrifice, did this
make facrifice of no efteCt ? Hooker.
JVhat though none live my innocence to tell,
I know it; truth may own a generous pride,
I clear myfelf, and care for none befide. Dryden.
7. What Time, JVhat Day. Atthe time when; on the day when.
JVhat day the genial angel to our fire
Brought her, more lovely than Pandora. Milton;
Then balmy deep had charm’d my eyes to reft,
JVhat tune the morn myfterious viiions brings.
While purer {lumbers fpread their golden wings. Pope.
Me foie the daughter of the deep addrefs’d ;
JVhat time with hunger pin’d, my abfent mates
Roam’d the wild ifle in fearch of rural cates. Pope.
8. [Pronoun interrogative.] Which of many ? interrogatively.
JVhat art thou,
That here in defart haft thy habitance ? Fairy ghteen.
JVhat is’t to thee if he negleCt thy urn,
Or without fpices lets thy body burn ? Dryden.
Whate’er I begg’d, thou like a dotard fpeak’ft
More than is requifite; and what of this ?
Why is it mention’d now. Dryden.
What one of an hundred of the zealous bigots in all parties
ever examined the tenets he is fo ftifF in ? Locke.
When any new thing comes in their way, children afk the
common queftion of a ftranger, what is it ? Locke.
9. To how great a degree, ufed either interrogatively or demonftratively.
Am I fo much deform’d ?
What partial judges are our love and hate? Dryden.
10. It is ufed adverbially for partly; in part.
The enemy having his country wafted, what by himfelf,
and what by the foldiers, findeth fuccour in no place. Spenjr.
Thus, what with the war, what with the fweat, zvhat with
the gallows, and what with poverty, I am cuftom fhrunk. Sha.
The year before, he had fo ufed the matter, that what by
force, what by policy, he had taken from the Chriftians above
thirty fmall caftles. Knolles’s Hift. ofthe Turks.
When they come to call up the profit and lofs, what be¬
twixt force, intereft, or good manners, the adventurer efcapes
well, if he can but get off. VEftrange.
JJ/hat with carrying apples, grapes, and fewel, he finds him¬
felf in a hurry. L'Efrange.
What with the benefit of their fituation, the art and parfimony of their people, they have grown fo confiderable, that
they have treated upon an equal foot with great princes. Tem.
They live a popular life, and then what for bufinefs, pleafures, company, there’s fcarce room for a morning’s reflexion.
Norris.
Ifthefe halfpence Ihould gain admittance, in no long fpace
of time, zvhat by the clandeftine practices of the coiner, zvhat
by his own counterfeits and thofe of others, his limited quan¬
tity would be tripled. Swift.
11. What Ho. An interjection of calling.
JVhat ho, thou genius of the clime, what ho,
Ly’ft thou afleep beneath thefe hills offnow ?
Stretch out thy lazy limbs. Dryden.
Whatever. pronouns. [from zvhat and foever. JVhatfo is
Wha tso. > aot now in ufe.
WHA TSOEVER. 3
j. Having one nature or another; being one or another either
generically, fpecifically or numerically.
To forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements,
Caftles, and whatsoever, and to be
Out of the king’s protection. Skake/peare's Henry VIII.
If thence he ’fcape into whatever world. M.lton.
In whatfoever ftiape he lurk I’ll know. Milton.
Wifely reftoring whatfoever grace
It loft by change of times, or tongues or place. Denham.
W H E
Holy writ abounds in accounts of this nature, as much as
any other hiftory whatjoever. Addifons Freeholder.
No contrivance, no prudence whatjoever can deviate from
his fcheme, without leaving us worfe than it found us.
Attcrbury.
Thus zvhatever fuccefilve duration fhall be bounded at one
end, and be all paft and prefent, muff come infinitely {hort
of infinity. Bentley’s Sermons.
JVhatever is read differs as much from what is repeated with¬
out book, as a copy does from an original. Swift.
2. Any thing, be it what it will.
JVhatfoever our liturgy hath more than theirs, they cut it off.
Hooker.
JVhatever thing
Milton.
Pole.
The feythe of time mows down, devour.
3. The fame, be it this or that.
Be whate’er Vitruvius was before.
4. All that; the whole that; all particulars that.
From hence he views with his black lidded eye,
Whatfo the heaven in his wide vault contains. Sperfer.
JVbate’er the ocean pales or fky inclips
Is thine. Shakefpeare.
At once came forth zvhatcver creeps. Milton.
Wheal, n.f [See Weal ] A puftule; a fmall fwelling fil¬
led with matter.
The humour cannot tranfpire, whereupon it corrupts and
raifes little wheals or blifters. JVifemans Surgery.
WHEAT, n.f [bpeare, Saxon ; weyde, Dutch; triticum. Lac.]
The grain of which bread is chiefly made.
It hath an apetalous flower, difpoled into fpikes; each of
them confifts of many ftamina which are included in a fquamofe flower-cup, having awns : the pointal rifes in the center,
which afterwards becomes an oblong feed, convex on one fide,
but furrowed on the other: it is tarinaceous, and inclofed by
a coat which before was the flower-cup: thefe are produced
fingly, and collected in a clofe fpike, being affixed to an in¬
dented axis. The fpecies are; 1. White or red wheat,
without awn. 2. Red wheat, in fome places called Kentiflh
wheat. 3. White wheat. 4. Red-eared bearded wheat. 5. Lone
wheat. 6. Grey wheat, and in fome places duck-bill wheat
and grey pollard. 7. Polonian wheat. 8. Many eared wheat.
9. Summer wheat. 10. Naked barley. 1 1. Long grained
wheat. 12. Six rowed wheat. 13. White eared wheat with
long awns: Of all thefe forts cultivated in this country, the
cone wheat is chiefly preferved, as it has a larger ear and a ful¬
ler grain than any other; but the feeds of all lhould be annual¬
ly changed ; for if they are fown on the fame farm, they will
not fucceed fo well as when the feed is brought from a diftant
country. Miller.
He mildews the white wheat, and hurts the poor creature of
the earth. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
Reuben went in the days of wheat-harveft. Gen. xxx.
Auguft ftiall bear the form of a young man of a fierce afpedf;
upon his head a garland of ziheat and rie. Peacham.
Next to rice is wheat; the bran of which is highly acefeent. Arbutknot on Aliments.
The damfels laughing fly : the giddy clown
Again upon a wheat-iheai drops a down. Gay.
Whea'ten. adj. [from wheatJ Made of wheat.
Of wheaten flour (halt thou make them. Exod xxix.
Here fummer in her wheaten garland crown’d. Addifon.
The affize of wheaten bread is in London. . Arbuth.
His talk it was the wheaten loaves to lay,
And from the banquet take the bowls away.
There is a project on foot for tranfporting our beft wheaten
ftraw to Dunltable, and obliging us by law to take off yearly
fo many tun of the ftraw hats Swift.
Whea'tear. n.f. A fmall bird very delicate.
What cook would lofe her time in picking larks, wheatearsy
and other fmall birds. Swift.
Whea'tplum. n.f. A fort of plum. Ainfwortb.
To Wheedle, v.a. [Of this word I can find no etymology,
though ufed by good writers, and Locke feems to mention it as
a cant word.] To entice by foft words; to flatter ; to perfuade by kind words.
His bus’nefs was to pump and zuheedle,
And men with their own keys unriddle.
To make them to themfelves give anfwers.
For which they pay the necromancers. Hudibras.
A fox flood licking of his lips at the cock, and wheedling
him to get him down. L’Ejirange.
His fire.
From Mars his forge fent to Minerva’s fchools
To learn the unlucky art of wheedling fools. Dryden.
He that firft brought the word (ham, or wheedle, in ufe, put
together as he thought fit, ideas he made it ftand for. Locke.
A laughing, toying, wheedling, whimp’ringftie,
Shall make him amble on a goftip’s meHa^e. Rowe.
The world has never been prepared for thefe trifles by pre¬
faces, wheedled or troubled with excufes. Pope.
Johnny
WHE W H E
Johnny wheedl'd, threaten’d, fawn’d,
Till Phillis all her trinkets pawn’d. Swift.
Wheel, n.f. [jopeol, Saxon; wiel, Dutch; hioel, Iflandick.J
1. A circular body that turns round upon an axis.
Carnality within raifes all the combuftions without: this
is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. Dec. P.
The gafping charioteer beneath the wheel
Of his own car. Dryden.
Fortune fits all breathlefs, and admires to feel
A fate fo weighty, that it flops her wheel. Dryden.
Some watches are made with four wheels, others with five.
Locke.
A wheel-plough is one of the beft and eafieft draughts.
Mortimer's Hujbandry.
2. A circular body.
Let go thy hold when a great wheel runs down a hill, left
it break thy neck with following it. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
3. A carriage that runs upon wheels.
The ftar that rofe at ev’ning bright,
Towards heav’n's defeent had ftopt his weftering wheel.
Milton.
Through the proud ftreet fhe mottes the publick gaze.
The turning wheel before the palace flays. Pope.
4. An inftrument on which criminals are tortured.
Let them pull all about mine ears, prefent me
Death on the wheel, or at wild horfes heels. Shakefpeare:
Thou art a foul inblifs, but I am bound
Upon a wheel of fire, Shakefp. King Lear.
For all the torments of her wheel
May you as many pleafures fhare. Waller.
His examination is like that which is made by the rack and
wheel. Addifon.
5. The inftrument of fpinning.
Verfe fweetens care, however rude the found.
All at her work the village maiden fings;
Nor as fhe turns the giddy wheel around.
Revolves the fad viciffitudes of things. Giffard.
6. Rotation ; revolution.
Look not too long upon thefe turning wheels of viciflitude,
left we become giddy. Bacon.
According to the common viciflitude and wheel of things,
the proud and the infolent, after long trampling upon others,
come at length to be trampled upon themfelves. South's Sermons.
7. A compafs about; a trail approaching to circularity.
He throws his flight in many an airy wheel. Milton.
To Wheel, v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To move on wheels.
2. To turn on an axis.
The moon carried about the earth always fhews the fame
face to us, not once wheeling upon her own center. Bentley.
3. To revolve ; to have a rotatory motion.
4. To turn ; to have viciflitudes.
5. To fetch a compafs.
Spies
Held me in chace, that I was forc’d to wheel
Three or four miles about. Shakefpeare's Coriolanus.
You my Myrmidons,
Mark what I fay, attend me where I wheel. Shakefpeare.
Continually wheeling about, he kept them in fo ftrait, that no
man could, without great danger, go to water his horfe. Knol.
He at hand provokes
His rage, and plies him with redoubled ftrokes;
Wheels as he wheels. Dryden,
Half thefe draw off, and coaft the fouth
With ftridfeft watch: thefe other wheelthe north :
Our circuit meets full weft; as flame they part.
Half wheeling to the fhield, half to the fpear. Milton.
Now fmoothly fleers through air his rapid flight.
Then wheeling down the fteep of heav’n he flies
And draws a radiant circle o’er the fkies. Pope.
6. To roll forward.
The courfe ofjuftice wheel'd about,
And left thee but a very prey to time. Shakefpeare.
Thunder
Muft wheel on the earth, devouring where it rolls. Milton.
ToWheel. v. a. To put into a rotatory motion; to make to
whirl round.
Heav’n rowl’d
Her motions, as the great firft Mover’s hand
Firft wheels their courfe. Milton's Paradife Lof.
Whee'lbarrow, n.f. [wheel and barrow.~\ A carriage dri¬
ven forward on one wheel.
Carry bottles in a wheelbarrow upon rough ground, but not
filled full, but leave fome air. Bacon.
Pippins did in wheelbarrows abound King.
Wiiee'ler. n.f [from wheel.] A maker of wheels.
After local names, the moft have been derived from occu¬
pations, as Potter, Smith, Brafier, Wheeler, Wright. Camden.
Whfk'lwricht. n. f. [wheel and wright.] A maker of wheelcarriages.
It is a tough wood, and all heart, being good for the
wheeltvrights. Mortimer.
7
Pope.
Gay.
Whee'ly. adj. [from wheel.~\ Circular; fuitable to rotation.
Hinds cxercife the pointed fteel
On the hard rock, and give a wheely form
To the expe&ed grinder. Philips.
To Wheeze, v.n. [bpeoyon, Saxon.] To breath with noife.
The conftridlion of the trachaea ftreightens the paflage of
the air, and produces the wheezing in the afthma. Hoycr.
It is eafy to run into ridicule the beft deferiptions, when
once a man is in the humour of laughing, till he wheezes at
his own dull jeft. Dryden.
The fawning dog runs mad ; the wheezing fwine
With coughs is choak’d, °Dryden's Virgil.
Prepare balfamick cups, to wheezing lungs
Medicinal, and fhort-breath’d. Philips.
Wheezing aftlTma loth to ftir. Swift.
Whelk, n.f. [See to Welk.]
1. An inequality; a protuberance.
His face is all bubuckles, and whelks, and knobs, and flames
of fire. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
2. A puftule. [See Weal.]
To Whelm, v. a. [ap^ilpan, Saxon; wilma, Iflandick.]
1. To cover with fomething not to be thrown off; to bury.
Grievous mifehiefs which a wicked fay
Had wrought, and many whelm'd in deadly pain. Fa, Phi.
This pink is my prize, or ocean whelm them all. Shak.
So the fad offence deferves,
Plung’d in the deep for ever let me lye.
Whelm'd under feas„ Addifon.
Difcharge the load of earth that lies on you, like one of
the mountains under which the poets fay, the giants and men
of the earth are whelmed.
Deplore
The whelming billow and the faithlefs bar.
2. To throw upon fomething fo as to cover or bury it.
On thofe curfed engines triple row,
They faw them whelm'd, and all their confidence
Under the weight of mountains bury’d deep. Milton.
Whelm fome things over them and keep them there. Mortim.
Whelp, n.f. [welp, Dutch; huolpar, Iflandick; hwalp, Swedifh.J
1. The young of a dog; a puppy.
They call’d us, for our fiercenefs, Englifh dogs,
Now, like their whelps, we crying run away. Shakefpeare.
Whelps come to their growth within three quarters of a
year. Bacon's Natural Hifary.
Whelps are blind nine days, and then begin to fee as general¬
ly believed ; but as we have elfewhere declared, it is rare that
their eye-lids open until the twelfth day. Brown.
2. The young of any beaft of prey.
The lion’s whelp fhall be to himfelf unknown. Shakefpeare.
Thofe unliekt bear whelps. Donne.
3. A fon. In contempt.
The young whelp of Talbot’s raging brood
Did flefh his puny fword in Frenchmens blood. Shakefpeare.
4; A young man. In contempt.
Slave, I will ftrike your foul out with my foot,
Let me but find you again with fuch a face:
You whelp. Ben. Johnfon's Catiline.
That aukward whelp, with his money-bars, would have
made his entrance. Addifon s Guardian.
To Whelp, v. n. To bring young. Applied to bcafts, gene¬
rally beafts of prey.
A lionefs hath whelped in the ftreets,
And graves have yawn’d. Shakefpeare's Julius Cafar.
In a bitch ready to whelp, we found four puppies. Boyle.
In their palaces,
Where luxury late reign'd, fea-monfters whelp'd
And ftabled. Milton's Paradife Lf.
When. adv. [whan, Gothick; pp&nne, Sax. wanneer, Dutch.]
1. At the time that.
Divers curious men judged that one Theodofius fhould fucceed, zuhen indeed Theodofius did. Camden.
One who died feveral ages ago, raifes a fecret fondnefs and
benevolence for him in our minds, when we read hisftory. Add.
At what time ?
When was it fhe laft walk’d ?—
—Since his majefty went into the field. Shakefp. Macbeth.
1 fthere’s a pow’r above us.
And that there is all nature cries aloud,
Through all her works ; he muft delight in virtue,
And that which he delights in muft be h2ppy.
But when ? or where ? Addfor:
Which time.
I was adopted heir by his confent;
Since when, his oath is broke. Shakefpeare's Henry \\.
At which time.
By this the bloody troops were at the door,
When as a fudden and a ftrange difmay.
Enforc’d them ftrain who fliould go in before. Darnel.
After the time that.
When I have once handed a report to another, how know
I how he may improve it ? Government oj the Tongue.
t. A
2.
W H E W H E
5 At whit time.
Kings may
Take their advantage when and how they lift. Daniel.
6. At what particular time.
His feed, when is not fet, {hall bruife my head. Milton.
*]. When as. At the time when; what time.
This when as Guyon faw, he ’gan enquire
What meant that preace about that lady’s throne. Pa.Queen.
When as facred light began to dawn
In Eden on the humid flow’rs, that breath’d
Their morning incenfe, came theUiuman pair. Milton.
Whence, adv. [formed from where by the fame analogy with
hence from here.J
1. From what place.
2. From what perfon.
Whence, feeble nature ! {hall we fuinmon aid.
If by our pity and our pride betray’d ? Prior.
3. From which premifes.
Their pra£tiee was to look no farther before them than the
next line ; whence it will follow, that they can drive to no cer¬
tain point. Dryden.
4. From which place or perfon.
Grateful to acknowledge whence his good defeends. Milt.
5. For which caufe.
Recent urine, diflilled with a fixed alkali, is turned into an
alkaline nature; whence alkaline falts, taken into a human
body, have the power of turning its benign falts into fiery and
volatile. Arhuthnot on Aliments.
6. From what fource.
I have {hewn whence the underftanding may get all the ideas
it has. Locke.
7. From Whence. A vitious mode of fpeech.
From whence he views, with his black-lidded eye,
Whatfo the heaven in his wide vault contains. Spenfcr.
To leave his wife, to leave his babes.
His manfion, and his titles, in a place
From whence himfelf does fly. <S'hakefp. Maclcth.
8. Of Whence. Another barbarifm.
He afk'd his guide,
What and of whence was he who prefs’d the hero’s fide ?
Dryden s Ain.
Whe'ncesoever. adv [whence znd ever.] From what place
foever.
Any idea, whencefocver we have it, contains in it all the pro¬
perties it has. Locke.
Wretched name, or arbitrary thing!
Whence ever I thy cruel effence bring,
I own thy influence ; for I feel thy fling. Prior.
Whenever. ladv. [when and every orJ'ocver.] At whatfoWhe'nsoeVer. j ever time.
O welcome.hour whenever ! Why delays
His hand to execute ? Milt. Paradife Loft.
Men grow firft acquainted with many of thefe felf-evident
truths, upon their being propofed; not becaufe innate, but
becaufe the confideration of the nature of the things, contained
in thofe words, would not fuffer him to think otherwife, how
or whenfoever he is brought to reflection. Locke.
Our religion, whenever it is truly received into the heart,
will appear in juftice, friendftiip, and chdrity. Rogers.
Where, adv. [bpoep, Saxon; waer, Dutch.]
1. At which place or places.
She vifited that place, where firft {he was fo happy as to fee
the caufe of her unhap. Sidney.
God doth in publick prayer refpeeft the fclemnity of places,
where his name ftiould be called on amongft bis people. Hooker.
In every land we have a larger fpace,
Where we with green adorn our fairy bow’rs. Dryden.
In Lydia born,
Where plenteous harvefts the fat fields adorn. Dryden.
2. At what place.
Ah ! where was Eloife ? Pope.
3. At the place in which.
Where I thought the remnant of mine age
Should have been cheriflh’d by her child-like duty,
I now am full refolv’d to take a wife. Shakejpeare.
4. Any Where. At any place.
Thofe fubterraneous waters were univerfal, as a diftolution
of the exterior earth could not be made anywhere but it would
fall into waters. Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
5. Where, like here, has in compofition a kind of pronominal
fignification: as, whereof of which.
6. It has the nature of a noun. Not now in ufe.
He (hall find' no where fafe to hide himfelf. Spenfer.
Bid them farewel, Cordelia, though unkind :
Thou lofeft here, a better where to find. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Whereabout, adv. [where and about.]
1. Near what plHce.
2. Near which place.
Thou firm fet earth,
Hear not my fteps, which way they walk, for fear
Thy very ftones prate of my whereabout.
Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
3. Concerning which.
The greatnefs of all actions is meafured by the worftiir.eff
of the fubjeft from which they proceed, and the objedt where¬
about they are converfant: we muff of neceftity, in both refpedls, acknowledge that this prefent world afFordeth not any
thing comparable unto the duties of religion. Hooker,
Wherf.a's. adv. [where and as.]
1. When on the contrary.
Are not thofe found to be the greateft zealots who are moft
notorioufly ignorant ? whereas true zeal ftiould always begin
with true knowledge. Sprat's Sermons.
The aliment of plants is nearly one uniform juice; whereas
animals live upon very different forts of fubftances. Aibuthiut.
2. At which place. Obfolete.
They came to fiery flood of Phlegeton,
Whereas the damned ghofts in torments fry. Pa. Queen.
Prepare to ride unto St. Alban’s,
Whereas the king and queen do mean to hawk. Shak. H.\ I.
3. The thing being fo that. Always referred to fomething different.
Whereas we read fo many of them fo much commended,
fome for their mild and merciful difpofition, fome or their
virtuous feverity, fome for integrity of life ; all thefe were the
fruits of true and infallible principles delivered unto us in the
word of God. Hooker.
Whereas all bodies feem to work by the communication of
their natures, and impreffions of their motions; the diffufion
of fpecies vifible feemeth to participate more of the former,
and the fpecies audible of the latter. Bacon.
Whereas wars are generally caufes of poverty, the fpecial
nature of this war with Spain, if made by fea, is like to be a
lucrative war. Bacon.
Whereas feeing requires light, a free medium, and a right
line to the objects, we can hear in the dark, immured, and by
curve lines. Holder's Elements of Speech.
Whereas at firft we had only three of thefe principles, their
number is already fwoln to five. Baker on Learning.
One imagines that the terreftrial matter, which is Ihowered
down with rain, enlarges the bulk of the earth : another fan¬
cies that the earth will ere long all be waffled away by rains,
and the waters of the ocean turned forth to overwhelm the dry
land : whereas, by this diftribution of matter, continual provifion is everywhere made for the fupplyof bodies. tVoodward.
Wherea't. adv. [where and at.] At which.
This he thought would be the fitteft refting place, ’till we
might go further from his mother’s fury; whereat he was no
lefs angry, and afliamed, than defirous to obey Zelmane. Sidn.
This is in man’s converfion unto God, the firft ftage where¬
at his rage tov/ards heaven beginneth. Hooker.
Whereat I wak’d, and found
Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively fhadow’d. Milton's Paradife Left.
Whereby', adv. [where and by.] By which.
But even that, you muft confefs, you have received of her,
and fo are rather gratefully to thank her, than to prefs any fur¬
ther, ’till you bring fomething of your own, whereby to claim
Sidney.
Prevent thofe evils whereby the hearts of men are loft. Hook.
You take my life,
When you do take the means whereby I live. Shakefpeare.
If an enemy hath taken all that from a prince whereby he
was a king, he may refrefh himfelf by coniidering all that is
left him, whereby he is a man. Taylor.
This is the moft rational and moft profitable way of learn¬
ing languages, and whereby we may bell hope to give account
to God of our youth fpent herein. Milton.
This delight they take in doing of mifehief, whereby I mean
the pleafure they take to put any thing in pain that is capable
of it, is no other than a foreign and introduced diipofttion. Locke.
Where'ver. adv. [where and ever.] At whatfoever place.
Which to avenge on him they dearly vow’d,
Wherever that on ground they mought him find. Fa. Qtteen.
Him ferve, and fear!
Of other creatures, as him pleafes beft,
Wherever plac’d, let him difpofe. Milton's Paradife Loft-.
Not only to the fons of Abraham’s loins
Salvation {hall be preach’d ; but to the fons
Of Abraham’s faith, wherever through the world. Milton.
Where-e'er thy navy fpreads her canvas wings,
Homage to thee, and peace to all {he brings. Waller.
The climate, about thirty degrees, may pafs for the Befperides of our age, whatever or where-ever the other was. Temp,
He cannot but love virtue, wherever it is. F. Atterbury.
Wherever he hath receded from the Mofaick account of the
earth, he hath receded from nature and matter of fadh Woodw.
Wherever Shakefpeare has invented, he is greatly below the
novelift ; fincc the incidents he has added are neither neceflary
nor probable. Shakefpeare ILuftratcd.
Whe'reeore. adv. [where and for,]
1. For which reafon.
The ox and the afs defire their food, neither purpofe they
unto themfelves any end wherefore. Hooker.
30 O Thuf*
W H E
I here is no caufe wherefore we fhould think God more defirous to manifell: his iavour by temporal bleflings towards them
than towards us. Hooker.
Can ye alledge any juft caufe wherefore abfolutely ye fliould
not condefcend, in this controverfy, to have your judgment
over-ruled by fome fuch definitive fentence? Hooker.
Shall I tell you why ?
-Ay, fir, and wherefore-, for, they fay, every why hath a
wherefore. Shah. Comedy of Errours,
2. For what reafon ?
JVhereforc gaze this goodly company,
As if they faw fome wond’rous monument ? Sbakefpeare.
O wherefore was my birth from heav’n foretold
Twice by an angel ? _ Mil on's Jgonif.es.
Wherfi'n, adv. [where and in.] In which.
Whenever yet was your appeal denied ?
Wherein have you been galled by the king ? Shakef H. VI.
Try waters by weight, wherein you may find fome diffe¬
rence, and the lighter account the better. Bacon.
Heav’n
Is as the book of God before thee fet.
Wherein to read his wond’rous works. Milton.
Too foon for us the circling hours
This dreaded time have compaft, wherein we
Mud bidej:he droke of that long th/eaten’d wound. Milton.
This the happy morn
Wherein the fon of heav’n’s eternal king.
Our great redemption from above did bring! Milton.
Had they been treated with more kindnefs, and their queftions. anfwered, they would have taken mor6 pleafure in im¬
proving their knowledge, wherein there would be ffill newncfL • / • Locke.
1 nere are times wherein a man ought to be cautious as well
as innocent. “ Swift.
WhereFnto. adv. [where and into ] Into which.
Where’s the palace, whereinto foul things
Sometimes intrude not ? Shakefp. Othello.
Another difeafe is the putting forth of wild oats, whereinto
coin oftentimes degenerates. Bacon’s Natural Hifory.
My fubjeCt does not oblige me to point forth the place
whereinto this water is now retreated. Woodward.
T heir treaty was finifhed, wherein I did them feveral good
offices, by the credit I now had at court, and they made me a
Gulliver s ’Travels,
Whe'reness. n.f [from where.] Ubiety.
A point hath no dimenfions, but only a wherenefs, and Is
next to nothing. Crew’s Cofnol.
vvhereo'f. adv. [where and of] Of which.
. A thing whereof the church hath, ever flthence the firft be¬
ginning, reaped lingular commodity. Hooker.
How this wTorld, when and whereof created. Milton.
I do not find the certain numbers whereof their armies did
CO'l^* Davies on Ireland.
Fis not very probable that I fhould fucceed in fuch a proje&, whereof I have not had the leaft hint from any of my
predeceflors, the poets. Dryden.
Whereo'n. adv. [where and on.] On which.
As for thofe things whereon, or elfe wherewith, fuperftition
worketh, polluted they are by fuch abufe. Hooker.
Infected be the air ivhereon they ride. Shakefp. Macbeth.
So looks the ftrand, whereon th’ imperious flood
Hath left a witnefs’d ufurpation. Shakefp. Henry IV.
He lik’d the ground whereon fhe trod. Milton.
Whe'reso. 1 adv. [where and foever.] In what place
Wheresoe'ver. 5 foever.
Thatfhort revenge the man may overtake,
Wherefo he be, and foon upon him light. Fairy Queen.
Poor naked wretches, wherefoe’er you are,
That bide the pelting of this pitilefs ftorm.
How fhall your houfelefs heads defend you
From feafons fuch as thefe ? ' Shak. Kins Lear.
He oft
Frequented their aflemblies, wherefo met. Milt. Farad. Lof.
Can milery noplace of fafetyknow?
T he noife purfues me wherefoecr I go. Dryden.
Whereto'. } , „ . , V
Whereunto". \ adv' Cohere and to, or unto.] To which.
. ^he bringeth forth no kind of creature, whereto {he is want¬
ing tn that which is needful. Flooker.
''vhat Scripture doth plainly deliver, to that the firft place
both of credit and obedience is due; the next whereunto is
whatfoever any man can necefiarily conclude by force of rea¬
fon . after thefe, the voice of the church fucceedeth. Hooker.
^ nold an old accuftom’d feaft,
Jl hereto I have invited many a gueft. Shak. Rom. and Jul.
U hereto th’ Almighty anfwer’d, not difpleas’d. Milton.
WHER Eupo N. n.f [wbere and u/)an j Upon which.
I he townfmen mutinied, and font toEftex; whereupon he
Clarmdm.
hereupon there had rifen a general war betwixt them, if
the earl of Defmond had not been fent into England.
Davies on Ireland.
W H E
Whf.rewi'th. ladv. [where and with, or withal.] With
Wherewithal. J which.
As for thofe things wherewith fuperftition worketh, polluted
tney are. ir ,
u lit . Jricoker.
Jf)i . *s 1S all in pleafure and delight.
Wherewith flie makes her lovers drunken. Fairy Queen.
Northumberland, thou ladder wherewithal
I he mounting Bolingbroke afeends my throne. Shakefp.
. r-1 the troubles wherewith this king was diftreiled
in England, this army was not of fufficient ftrength to make
an enure conqueft of Ireland. ZWr Ireland.
The builders of Babel, ftill with vain defign.
New Babe s, had they wherewithal, would build. Milton.
You will have patience with a debtor, who has an inclina¬
tion to pay you his obligations, if he had wherewithal ready
about him. IV / / ,
The frequency, warmth and affeaion, wherewitfthli
are proofed. K,g,n’> S,rmJ.
But it is impoffible for a man, who openly declares acrainft
religion, to give any reafonable fecurity that he will not be
falfe and cruel, whenever a temptation offers, which be values
more than he does the power wherewith lie was trufted ? Swift.
ToWhe'rret. v. a. [Corrupted, I fuppofe, from ferret']
1. To hurry; to trouble; to teaze. A low colloquial word J
2. To give a box on the ear. Ainfworth.
Whe rry. n.f. [Of uncertain derivation.] A light boat ufed
on rivers.
And falling down into a lake,
Which him up to the neck doth take.
His fury fomewbat it doth flake,
He calleth for a ferry ;
What was his club he made his boat.
And in his oaken cup doth float.
As Drayton s Nyn,u. r
fafe as in a wherry.
Let the veflel fplit on fhelves,
V ith the freight enrich themfelves:
Safe within my little wherry,
All their madnefs makes me merry. Swift.
To WHET. v.a. [ppetzan, Saxon; wetten, Dutch.]
1. To fharpen by attrition.
Fool, thou whet’f a knife to kill thyfelf. Shakefp. R. III.
Thou hid’ft a thoufand daggers in thy thoughts^
Which thou haft whetted on thy ftony heart,
To ftab at half an hour of my frail life, Shakef. II. IV.
This vifttation
Is but to whet thy almoft blunted purpofe. Shak. Hamlet.
Unfophifticated vitriol, rubbed on the whetted blade of a
knife, will not impart its colour. Boyle.
There is the Roman flave whetting his knife, and liftening."
r _ Addifon on Italy.
Eloquence, fmoothand cutting, is like a razor whetted with
„ °4i* , , . Swift.
2. i o edge; to make angry or acrimonious.
Peace, good queen;
O whet not on thefe too too furious peers;
For blefled are the peace-makers. Shakefp. H. VI.
Since Caffius firft did whet me againft Casfar,
I have not flept. Shakefp. Julius Drfar.
I will whet on the king. Shak. King John.
He favoured the Chriftian merchants; and the more to whet
him forwards, the bafia had cunningly infinuated into his ac¬
quaintance one Mulearabe. Knolles.
Let not thy deep bitternefs beget
Carelefs defpair in me ; for that will whet
My mind to fcorn. Donne.
The caufe why onions, fait, and pepper, in baked meats,
move appetite, is by vellication of thofe nerves; for motion
wketteth. Bacon’s Natural Hflory.
A difpofition in the king began to be difeovered, which,
nourifhed and whetted on by bad counsellors, proved the blot
of his times; which was the crufhing treafure out of his Sub¬
jects purfes, by penal laws. Bacons Henry VII.
’Tis a fad contemplation, that welhould facrifice the church’s
peace to the whetting and inflaming of a little vain curiofitv.
, Decay ofPiety.
Great contemporaries whet and cultivate each other. Dryd.
Himfelf invented firft the ftiining fhare.
And whetted human induftry by care ;
Nor fuffer’d floth to ruft his aCtive reign. Dryden s Georg.
Whet. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. The a£t of Sharpening.
2. Any thing that makes hungry, as a dram.
An iv’ry table is a certain whet;
You would not think how heartily he’ll eat. Dryden.
He aflifted at four hundred bowls of punch, not to mention
fips, drams, and whets. Spectator.
Whe'ther. adv. [bpcESep, Saxon.] A particle exprelfirig qne
part of a disjunctive queftion in oppoiition to the other.
As they, fo we have likewife a publick form, how to ferve
God both morning and evening, whether fermuns may be had
or no. Hooker.
Refolve whether you will or no. Shakef Rich. Ill.
7 Perkins’s
WHI
Perkins’s three counfellors regiftered themfelves fan£luaryknen ; and whether upon pardon obtained, or continuance
within the privilege, they were not proceeded with. Bacon.
If wc adjoin to the lords, whether they prevail or not we
engulph ourfelves into allured danger. Hayward.
Then did’ft thou found that order, whether love
Or victory thy royal thoughts did move,
Each was a noble caufe. Denham.
Epiaetus forbids a man, on fuch an occafion, to confult
with the oracle whether he fhould do it or no, it bein<* neceffarytobedoiK-. Decay ifPiet,.
whether by health or ficknefs, life or death, mercy is ftill
contriving and carrying on the fpiritual good of all who love
. South’s Sermons.
I ms afhltance is only offered to men, and not forced upon
them, whether they will or no. Tillotfon.
When our foreign trade exceeds our exportation of commo¬
dities, our money muff go to pay our debts, whether melted or
not. Locke.
Whether it be that the richeft of thefe difeoveries fall not into
the pope s hands, or for fome other reafon, the prince of Farnefe
will keep this feat from being turned up, ’till one of his own
family is in the chair. Addifon cn Italy.
Whe'ther. pronoun. Which of two.
Whither when they came, they fell at words
JFbether of them fhould be the lord of lords. Huhberd's Tale.
Whether of them twain did the will of his father ? Mat. xxi.
Whether is more beneficial, that we fhould have the fame
yearly quantity of heat diftributed equally, or a greater fhare
in Summer, and in Winter a lefs ? Bentley.
Let them take whether they will: if they deduce all animals
. from fingle pairs, even to make the fecond of a pair, is to write
after a copy. Bentley.
Whe,tstone, n.f. [whet and (lone.] Stone on which any
thing is whetted, or rubbed to make it fharp.
The minds of the afflicted do never think they have fully
conceived the weight or meafure of their own woe: they ufe
their affediion as a whet/lone both to wit and memory. Hooker.
What avail’d her refolution chafte,
Whofe fobereft looks were whetjlones to defire? Fairfax.
Whom the whetjlone fharps to eat.
And cry, milftones are good meat. Ben. Johnfon.
Diligence is to the underftanding as the whetjlone to the
razor; but the will is the hand, that muff apply the one to
the other. South.
A whetjlone is not an inftrument to carve with; but it
fharpens thofe that do. Shakefpeare Illuflrated.
Whe'tter. n. f. [ from whet. ] One that whets or
fharpens.
Love and enmity are notable whetters and quickeners of the
fpirit of life in all animals. More.
WHEY. n.f. [Jppoej, Saxon; wey^ Dutch.]
1. The thin or ferous part of milk, from which the oleofe or
grumous part is feparated.
I’ll make you feed on curds and whey. Shakefpeare.
Milk is nothing but blood turned white, by being diluted
with a greater quantity of ferum or whey in the glandules of
the brealt. Harvey on Confumptions.
2. It is ufed of any thing white and thin.
Thofe linnen cheeks of thine
Are counfellors to fear. What, foldiers whey face ! Shake].
Whe'yey. ladj. [from whey.] Partaking of whey; refemWhe'yish. } filing whey.
Thofe medicines, being opening and piercing, fortify the
operation of the liver, in fending down the wheyey part of the
blood to tlie reins. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
He that quaffs
Such wheyijh liquors, oft with cholick pangs
He’ll roar. Philips.
WHICH, pren. []Dpilc, Saxon; zvelk, Dutch.]
i. The pronoun relative ; relating to things.
The apoftlcs term it the pledge of our heavenly inheritance,
fometimes the handfel or earned: of that which is to come.
Hooker, b. v.
Do they not blafpheme that worthy name, by the which ye
are called? Ja.n. y.
In deftrudfions by deluge, the remnant which hap to be referved are ignorant. Bacon.
To which their want of judging abilities, add alfo their
want of opportunity to apply to fuch a ferious confideration as
may let them into the true goodnefs and evil of things, which
are qualities which feldom difplay themfelves to the firft view.
South’s Sermons.
The queen of furies by their fide is fet.
And fnatches from their mouths th’ untaded meat,
Which, if they touch, her hiding fnakes fhe rears. Dryden.
After the feveral earths, confider the parts of the furface of
this globe which is barren, as fand and rocks. Locke.
2. It formerly was ufed for who, and related likewife to perfons:
as in the firft words of the Lord’s prayer.
The Almighty, which giveth wifdonj to whomfoever jt
W II 1
pleafeth him, did, for the good of his church, flay thofe nailer
affe&ions. £
Do you hear, fir, of a battle ?
--Everyone hears that,
Which can diftinguifh found. Shakefp. King Lear.
Had I been there, which am a filly woman.
The foldiers fhould have tofs’d me on their pikes.
Before I would have granted to that a£f, Sbahefp. H. Vi.
3. The genitive of which, as well as of who, is whofe; but whofe^
as derived from which, is fcarcely ufed but in poetry.
Of man’s fird: difobedience, and the fruit
Of that forbidden tree, whofe mortal taffc. Milton.
4. It is fometimes a demonftrative: as, take which you will.
What is the night ?
—Almoft at odds with morning, which is which. Shakefp.
S' It Is fometimes an interrogative : as, which is the man.
Two fair twins,
The puzzled ffrangers which is which enquire. Ticket.
Whichsoever, pron. [which and/cmr] Whether one or
the other.
Whichsoever of thefe he takes, and how often foever he
doubles it, he finds that he is not one jot nearer the end of
fuch addition than at fird: fetting out. Locke.
WHIFF, nf. [chwyth, Welfh.] A blad; a puff of wind.
Pyrrhus at Priam drives, in rage ftrikes wide;
But with the whiff ar.d wind of his fell fword,
Tli’ unnerved father falls. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Who,
If fome unfav’ry whiff betray the crime.
Invents a quarrel ftraight. Dryden.
Three pipes after dinner he conffantly fmokes,
And feafons his whiffs with impertinent jokes. Prior.
Nick pulled out a boatfwain’s whidle: upon the fird: whiff
the tradefmen came jumping in. Arbuthnot.
To Whiffle, v.n. [from whff.] To move incondantly,
as if driven by a puff of wind.
Nothing is more familiar than for a whiffling fop, that has
not one grain of the fenfe of a man of honour, to play the
hero- . L’Efrange.
A perfon of a whffing and unfteady turn of mind cannot
keep clofe to a point of controverfy, but wanders from it per¬
petually. Watts-.-
Was our reafon given, to be thus puff’d about.
Like a dry leaf, an idle ftraw, a feather.
The fport of ev’ry whiffling blad: that blows ? Rowe.
Whi'ffler. n.f. [from whiffle.]
1. One that blows ftrongly.
The beach
Pales in the flood with men, with wives and boys,
Whofe fhouts and claps out-voice the deep-mouth’d fea.
Which, like a mighty whffler ’fore the king.
Seems to prepare his way. Shak. Henry V.
2. One of no confequence; one moved with a whiff or puff.
Our fine young ladies retain in their fervice a great number
of fupernumerary and infignificant fellows, which they ufe
like whifflers, and commonly call fboeing-horns. Spectator.
Every whffler in a laced coat, who frequents the chocolatehoufe, fhall talk of the conftitution. Swift.
WHIG, n.f [ bpoex, Saxon.]
T. Whey.
2. The name of a fa&ion.
The fouthweft counties of Scotland have feldom corn
enough to ferve them round the year ; and the northern parts
producing more than they need, thofe in the weft come in the
Summer to buy at Leith the ftores that come from the north ;
and from a word, whiggam, ufed in driving their horfes, all
that drove were called the whiggamors, and fhorter the uhiggs.
Now in that year before the news came down of duke Hamil¬
ton’s defeat, the minifters animated their people to rife and
march to Edinburgh ; and they came up marching on the head
of their parifhes with an unheard-of fury, praying and preach¬
ing all the way as they came. The marquis of Argyle and his
party came and headed them, they being about fix thoufand.
This was called the whiggamor’s inroad ; and ever after that,
all that oppofed the court came in contempt to be called
whigs: and from Scotland the word was brought into Eng¬
land, where it is now one of our unhappy terms of difimion. Burnet.
Whoever has a true value for church and (late, fhould avoid
the extremes of whig for the fake of the former, and the ex¬
tremes of tory on the account of the latter. Swift.
Whi'ggIsh. adj. [from whig.] Relating to the whigs.
She’ll prove herfelf a tory plain,
From principles the whigs maintain;
And, to defend the whiggff caufe,
Her topicks from the tories draws. Swift.
Whi ggism. n.f. [from whig.] The notions of a whig.
I could quote paffages from fifty pamphlets, wholly made up
of whiggtfin and atheifm. Swift.
While, n.J. [iveif German; J)jnle, Saxon.] Time; fpacaof
time.
If
W H I W H I
If my beauty be anything, then let it obtain this much of
you, that.you will remain forrie while in this company, toeafe
your own travel and our folitarinefs. Sidney.
I have feen her rife from her bed, and again return to bed ;
yet all this while in a moft fait fleep. Shakejp. Macbeth.
One while we thought him innocent,
And then w’ accus’d the conful. Ben. foh>Jon's Catiline.
I hope all ingenuous perfons will advertife me fairly, if they
think it worth their while, of what they diflike in it. Digby.
Paufing a while, thus to herfelf {he mus’d. Milton.
How coutdft thou look for other, but that God {hould con¬
demn thee fot the doing of thofe things for which thine, own
confcience did condemn thee, all the while thou waft doing of
them? 11 liotj on.
That which I have all this while been endeavouring to con¬
vince men to, is no other but what God himfelf doth particu¬
larly recommend. Tilotfon.
Few, without the hope of another life, would think it
worth their while to live above the allurements of fenfe. Atterh.
What fate has difpofed of the papers, ’tis not worth while
to tell. Locke.
While. 1
Whiles. >adv. [J^pile, Saxon. Whiles is now out of ufe.]
Whilst. J
1. During the time that.
Whiles I was prote&or,
Pity was all the fault that was in me. Shakef. Henry VI.
What we have, we prize not to the worth.
Whiles we enjoy it; but being lackt and loft,
Why, then we rack the value. Shakefpeare.
Repeated, while the fedentary earth
Attains her end. Milton.
2. As long as.
Ufe your memory, and you will fenftbly experience a gra¬
dual improvement, while you take care not to over-load it.
Watts’s Logick.
3. At the fame time that.
Whiles by the experiment of this miniftration they glorify
God, for your profeffed fubje&ion unto the Gofpel. 2 Cor. ix.
Can he imagine that God fends forth an irreftftible ftrength
againft fome fins, whiljl in others he permits men a power of
repelling his grace? Decay of Piety.
To While, v. n. [from the noun.] To loiter.
Men guilty this way never have obferved that the whiling
time, the gathering together, and waiting a little before din¬
ner, is the moft aukwardly palled away of any. Spectator.
Whi'lere. adv. [while and ere, or before.] A little while
ago.
That curfed wight, from whom I ’fcap’d whilere^
A man of hell, that calls himfelf defpair. Fairy Fthieen.
Let us be jocund : will you troul the catch
Vou taught me but while-ere ? Shakefpeare.
Here lies Hobbinol, our fhepherd whilere. Raleigh.
He who, with all heav’n’s heraldry, whilere
Enter’d the world, now bleeds to give us eafe. Alihon.
Whi'lom. adv. [ppilom, Saxon, that is, once on a time.] For¬
merly i once; of old.
Where now the ftudious-lawyers have their bowers,
There whilom wont the Templar knights abide,
’Till they decayed through pride. Spenfer.
In northern clime a val’rous knight
Did whilom kill his bear in fight.
And wound a fiddler.
Yet art thou not inglorious in thy fate;
For fo Apollo, with unweeting hand,
Whilom did flay his dearly loved mate.
WHIM, n.f [This word is derived by Skinner from a thing turn¬
ing round; nor can I find any etymology more probable.] A
freak; an odd fancy; a caprice; an irregular motion of
defire.
All the fuperfluous whims relate,
That fill a female gamefter’s pate. ^ Swift.
To Whimper, v. n. [wimmeren, German,] To cry without
any loud noife.
The father by his authority {hould always flop this fort of
crying, and filence their whimpering. Locke.
A laughing, toying, wheedling, whimpering fhe,
Shall make him amble on a goflip’s meffage. Rowe.
In peals of thunder now fhe roars, and now
She gently whimpers like a lowing cow. Swift.
Whi'mpled. adj. [I fuppofe from whimper.] T his word feems
to mean diftorted with crying.
This wkirnplcd, whining, purblind, wayward boy,
This fignior Junio’s giant dwarf, Dan Cupid,
Regent of love-rhimes, lord of folded arms,
T h’anointed fovereign of iighs and groans. Shakefpeare.
Whi'msey. n.f. [Only another form of the word whim.] A
freak; a caprice; an odd fancy; a whim.
At this rate a pretended freak or whimfey may be pal¬
liated. L’Eftrangc.
All the ridiculous and extravagant fhapes that can be ima¬
gined, all the fancies and whimfies of poets and painters, and
Hudibras.
Adilton.
Egyptian idolaters, if fo be they are confident with life and
propagation, would be now adfually in being, if our atheifts
notion were true. Ray on the Creation.
So now, as health or temper changes.
In larger compafs Alma ranges;
This day below, the next above,
As light or folid whtnjeys move. Piior.
W hat I fpeak, my fair Cloe, and what I write, {hows
The difference there is betwixt nature and art;
I court others in verfe, but I love thee in profe;
And they have my whimfies, but thou haft my heart. Prior.
Oranges in whimfey-boards went round. King.
Lefs {hould I dawb it o’er with tranfitory praife,
And water-colours of thefe days;
Thefe days! where e’en th’ extravagance of poetry
Is at a lofs for figures to exprefs
Men’s folly, whimfies, and inconftancy. Swifts
Whimsical, adj. [from whimjey.] Freakifh; capricious;
oddly fancifuj.
Another circumftance in which I am very particular, or, as
my neighbours call me, wbinfical: as my garden invites into
it all the birds, I do not fuffer any one to deftroy their nefts.
Addifon s Spectator.
Whin, n f. [t'Zwyw, Welfti; genifa fpinofa^ Latin.] A weed ;
furze.
With whins or with furzes thy hovel renew. Tujfer.
Plants that have prickles in their leaf are holly, juniper,
whin-bufh, and thiftle. Bacon.
To Whine, v. n. [panian, Saxon; weenen, Dutch; cwyno,
Welftn] To lament in low murmurs; to make a plaintive
noife ; to moan meanly and effeminately.
T hey came to the wood, where the hounds were in couples
flaying their coming, but with a whining accent craving li¬
berty. Sidney.
At his nurfe’s tears
He zihin’d and roar’d away your victory,
That pages blufh’d at him. Shakef. Coriolanus.
Twice and once the hedge-pig whin’d. Stake]'. Macbeth,
Whip him,
’Till, like a boy, you fee him cringe his face,
And ivbine aloud for mercy. Shakcfp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
All the common people have a whining tone and accent in
their fpeech, as if they did ftill fmart or fuffer fome oppreftion.
Davies on Ireland,
Then, if we whine, look pale.
And tell our tale.
Men are in pain
For us again ;
So, neither fpeaking, doth become
The lover’s ftate, nor being dumb. Suckling.
He made a viler noife than fwine
In windy weather, when they whine. Hudibras.
Some, under {beeps cloathing, had the properties of wolves,
that is, they could whine and howl as well as bite and de¬
vour. South’s Sermons.
I was not born fo bafe to flatter crouds,
And move your pity by a zvhining tale. Dryd. Don Selaji.
Laughing at their whining may perhaps be the proper me¬
thod. Locke.
Life was given for noble purpofes ; and therefore it muff
not be facrificed to a quarrel, nor whined away in love. Collier.
Upon a general mourning, mercers and woollen-drapers
would in four and twenty hours raife their cloths and filks to
above a double price; and, if the mourning continued long,
then whining with petitions to the court, that they were ready
to ftarve. Swft.
Whine, n.f. [from the verb.] Plaintive noife; mean or affedted complaint.
The favourable opinion of men comes oftentimes by a few
demure looks and affedfed whines, fet off with fome odd devo¬
tional poftures and grimaces. South.
Thy hateful whine of woe
Breaks in upon my forrows, and diftracls
My jarring fenfes with thy beggar s cry. Rowe’s f. Shore.
To Whi'nny. v. n. [hinnio^Lat. from the found.] To make
a noife like a horfe or colt.
Whi'nyard. n. J. [ pinnan and ape, to gain honour, Saxon,
Skinner. I know not whether this word was ever ufed ferioufly, and therefore perhaps it might be denominated in con¬
tempt from whin, a tool to cut whins.] A fword, in con¬
tempt.
He fnatch’d his whinyard up, that fled
When he was falling off his fteed. Hudibras.
To WHIP. v. a. [Jjpcopan, Saxon ; wippen, Dutch.]
1. To ftrike with any thing tough and flexible.
He took
The harnefs’d deeds, that ftill with horror {hook.
And plies fhem with the lafh, and whips ’em on;
And, as he wbips> upbraids’em with his fon. Addifon.
2, To few flightly.
In half wbipt muflin needles ufelefs lie. Cay.
, To
W H I W H i
3. To drive with lalhes.
This unbeard fawcinefs, and boyifh troops;
The king cloth fmile at; and is well prepar’d
To whip this dwarfifh war, thefe pigmy arms,
From out the circle of his territories. Sbak. King John.
Let's whip thefe ftragglers o’er the Teas again;
Lafh hence thefe over-weening rags of France,
Thefe famifh’d beggars. ShakeJp. Richard III.
Since I pluckt geele, play’d truant, and whipt top, I knew
not what ’twas to be beaten ’till latelv. Shakefpcai e.
If ordered every day to whip his top, fo long as to make
him weary, he will wifh for his book, if you promife it him
as a reward of having whipt his top luftily quite out. Locket,
4. To corre£l with lalhes.
I’ll leave you to the hearing of the caufe,
Hoping you’ll find good caufe to whip them all. Shakefpearet
Reafon with the fellow,
Before you punifh him, where he heard this,
Left you Ihould chance to whip your information. Shakefp.
Hourly we fee fome raw pin-feather’d thing
Attempt to mount, and fights and heroes fing.
Who for falfe quantities was whipt at fchool
But t’other day, and breaking grammar-rule. Dryden*
How did he return this haughty brave,
Who whipt the winds, and made the fea his Have? Dryden:
This requires more than fetting children a talk, and whipping
them without any more ado, if it be not done to our
fancy. Locke.
Oh chain me! zvhip me 1 let me be the fcorn
Of fordid rabbles and mfulting crowds!
Give me but life. Smith's Phcedra and Hippo!.
Heirs to titles and large eftates have a weaknefs in their
eyes, and are not able to bear the pain and indignity of
whipping. Swift.
5. To lafh with farcafm.
They would whip me with their fine wits, ’till I was as creft
fallen as a dried pear. Sbak. Merry Wives of Windfor.
6. To inwrap.
Its firing hath both ends neatly Iapt over with another about
three inches in length, and fo is firmly whipt about with fmall
gut, that it may the eafier move in the edge of the rowler.
Moxon’s Mech. Exer.
To Whip. v. a. To take any thing nimbly.
In his lawlefs fit,
Behind the arras hearing fomething ftir.
He whips his rapier out, and cries a rat!
And in this brainifh apprehenfion kills
The unfeen good old man. Shbk. Hamlet.
She in a hurry whips up her darling under her arm. L'EJlr.
Raife yourfelf upon your hinder legs, and then ftretch out
your head; I can eafily whip up to your horns, and fo out of
the well. \ | L'EJlrange.
Brifk Sufan whips her linnen from the rope.
Whilft the firft drizzling fhow’r'is born aflope. Swift:
Thus difpofed, it lies ready for you to whip it out in a mo¬
ment. Swift.
To Whip. v. n. To move nimbly.
Two friends travelling together met a bear upon the way :
the one whips up a tree, and the other throws himfelf fiat upon
the ground. L'Eftrange.
The fimple ’fquire made a fudden ftart to follow; but the
juftice of the quorum whipped between. Tatler.
WHIP. n.f. [ hpeop, Saxon.J An inftrument of correction
tough and pliant.
There fat infernal pain,
And faft befide him fat tumultuous ftrife;
The one in hand an iron whip did ftrain,
The other brandifhed a bloody knife. Fairy E^ueen.
Put in ev’ry honeft hand a whip,
To lafh the rafeal naked through the world. Shak. Othello.
Love is merely madnefs, and deferves as well a dark-houfe
and a zuhip as madmen do. Shakefpeare.
A zuhip for thehorfe, a bridle for the afs. Prov. xxvi. 3.
High on her head fhe rears two twilled fnakes;
Her chain fhe rattles, and her whip fhe fhakes. Dryden.
In his right hand he holds the whipy with which he is fuppofed to drive the horfes of the fun. Addifon.
Each ftaunch polemick
Came whip and fpur, and dafh’d thro’thin and thick. Dune.
Whi'pcord. n.f. [whip and cord.] Cord of which lafhes are
made.
In Raphael’s firft works are many fmall foldings, often re¬
peated, which look like fo many whipcords. Dryden.
WhFfcraftikg. n f [In gardening.]
Whipgrafting is done two ways: firft, cut off the head
of the flock, and fmooth it; then cut.the graft from a
knot or bud on one fide Hoping, about an inch and a half
long, with a fhoulder, but not deep, that it may reft on the
top of the flock: the graft mult be cut from the fhouldering
fmooth and even. Hoping by degrees, that the lower end be
thin : place the fhoulder oti the head of the flock, and mark
the length of the cut part of the graft, and With yotir knife
cut away fo much of the flock as the graft did cover, but not
any of the wood of the flock; place both together, that the
cut part of both may join, and the fap unite the one to the
other; and bind them clofe together, and defend them from
the rain with tempered clay or wax, as before. The other
way of ibhipgrafting is, where the grafts and the flocks are of
an equal iize: the flock mull be cut Hoping upwards from one
fide to the other, and the graft after the fame manner from the
fhoulder downwards, that the graft may exactly join with the
flock in every part, and fo bind, and clay or wax them as
before. Mortimer’s Husbandry.
WhFphaNd. n.f. [whip and hand] Advantage over.
The archangel, when difeord was reftive and would not be
drawn from her beloved monaftry with fair words, has the
whirhand of her, and drags her out with many ftripes. Dryd.
WhFplash. n.f. The laih or fmall end of a whip.
Have whiplajh wel knotted and cartrope inough. Duffer.
WhFpper. n. f. [from whip.] One who punilhes with
whipping.
Love is meerly a madnefs, and deferves as well a dark-howie
and a whip as madmen do; and the reafon why they are not
fo punifhed is, that the whippers are in love too. Shakefpeare.
Whippingpost, n.f. [whip and pojlf] A pillar to which
criminals are bound when they are lafhed.
Could not the zuhippingpofl prevail,
With all its rhet’rick, nor the jail,
To keep from flaying fcourge thy fkin.
And ankle free from iron gin ? Hudibras.
Whi'psaw. n.f. [whip and faw.]
The whipfazv is ufed by joiners to faw fuch great pieces of
fluff that the handfaw will not eafily reach through. Moxon.
Whi'pstaff. n.f. [On fhipboard.] A piece of wood fattened
to the helm, which the fteerfman holds in his hand to move
the helm and turn the fhip. Bailey.
Whi'pster. n.f. [from whip.] A nimble fellow.
I am not valiant neither;
But ev’ry puny zvhipfter gets my fword. Shakefp. Othello.
Give that whipfter but his errand.
He takes my lord chief juftice’ warrant. Prior.
Whipt, for whipped.
In Bridewel a number be ftript,
Lefle worthie than theefe to be whipt. Duffer.
To WHIRL, v. a. [hpyppan, Saxon; wirbelen^ Ipufch.} To
turn round rapidly.
Five moons were feen to-night,
Four fixed, and the fifth did whirl about
The other four in wond’rous motion. Shakef. K. John.
My thoughts are whirled like a potter’s wheel:
I know not where I am, nor what I do. Shakef, Henry VI.
He whirls his fword around without delay.
And hews through adverfe foes an ample way. Dryden.
With his full force he zvhirl’d it firft around ;
But the foft yielding air receiv’d the wound. Dryden:
With what a. whirling force his lance he tofs’d!
Heav’ns what a fpring was in his arm to throw ! Dryden.
The Stygian flood,
Falling from on high, with bellowing found,
Whirls the black waves and rattling {tones around. Addifon.
With impetuous motion whirl’d apace.
This magick wheel ftill moves, yet keeps its place. Granv.
They have ever been taught by their fenfes, that the fun,
with all the planets and the fixed liars, are whirled round this
little globe. Watts’s Improvement of the Mind.
To Whirl, v. n. To run round rapidly.
He, rapt with whirling wheels, inflames the fkyen.
With fire not made to burn, but fairly for to fhine. Spenfer.
As young ftriplings whip the top for fport
On the fmooth pavement of an empty court,
The wooden engine flies and whirls about.
Admir’d with clamours of the beardlefs rout. Dryden.
She what he fwears regards no more
Than the deaf rocks when the loud billows roar;
But whirl’d away, to fliun his hateful fight,
Hid in the foreft. Dryden’s Ain.
Wild and diftra£led with their fears,
They jullling plunge amidll the founding deeps ;
The flood away, the ftruggling fquadron fweeps,
And men and arms, and horfes whirling bears. Smith.
Whirl, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Gyration; quick rotation; circular motion; rapid circum¬
volution.
’Twere well your judgments hut in plays did range ;
But ev’n your follies and debauches change
With fuch a whirl, the poets of your age
Are tir’d, and cannot fcore them on the llage. Dryden;
Wings raife my feet; I’m pleas’d to mount on high,
Trace all the mazes of the liquid Iky ;
Their various turnings and their whirls declare,
And live in the vail regions of the air. Creech’s Manilius:
30 nor
VV I I I W H I
Nor wlrrl of time, nor flight of years can wafte. Creech.
I have been watching what thoughts came up in the whirl
of fancy, that were worth communicating. Pope.
How the car rattles, how its kindling wheels
Smoke in the whirl: the circling fand afeends.
And in the noble dull the chariot’s loft. Smith.
2. Any thing moved with rapid rotation.
T hough in dreadful whirls we hung
High on the broken wave,
I knew thou wert not flow to hear,
Nor impotent to fave. Addifon's Spectator.
Whi'rlbat. n.f [whirland hat ] Anything moved rapidly
round to give a blow. It is frequently ufed by the poets for
the ancient ceftus.
At wh'rlbat he had flain many, and was now himfelf flain
by Pollux. ^ L'EJlrange.
The whirlhafs falling blow they nimbly fhun,
And win the race e’re they begin to run. Creech's Manil.
The guardian angels of kingdoms he rejefled, as Dares
did the whirlbats of Eryx, when they were thrown before him
by Entellus. _ Dryden.
1 he whirlbat and the rapid race {hall be
Referv d for Caefur, and ordain d by me. Dryden's Firgil.
Whi RLBONE. n.f. The patella. Ainfworth.
Whi'rligig. n.f. [whirl and gig.] A toy which children
fpin round.
He found that marbles taught him percuflion, and whirligigs
the axis in peritrochio. Arbuthn. and Popes Mart. Scribl.
That fince they gave things their beginning,
And fet this whirligig a fpinning. Prior.
Whi'rlpit. 1 n.f. [hpypppoJe, Saxon.] A place where the
Whirlpool.) water moves circularly, and draws whatever
comes within the circle towards its center; a vortex.
Poor Tom ! whom the foul fiend hath led through ford and
whirlpool, o’er bog and quagmire. Shak. King Lear.
In the fathomlefs profound
Down funk they, like a fallingftone,
By raging whirlpits overthrown. Sandys.
This calm of heaven, this mermaid’s melody,
Into an unfeen whirlpool draws you faft,
And in a moment finks you. Dryden's Spanijh Fryar.
Send forth, ye wife! fend forth your lab’ring thought:
Let it return with empty notions fraught.
Of airy columns every moment broke.
Of circling whirlpools, and of fpheres of fmoke. Prior.
There might arife home vertiginous motions or whirlpools in
the matter of the chaos, whereby the atoms muft be thruft
and crowded to the middle of thofe whirlpools, and there conftipate one another into great folid bodies. Bentley.
Whi'rlwind. n.f. [werbelwind, German.] A ftormy wind
moving circularly.
In the very torrent and whirlwind of your paflion, beget a
temperance that may give it fmoothnefs. Shake/p. Hamlet.
With whirlwinds from beneath Ihe tofs’d thelhip,
And bare expos’d the bofom of the deep. Dryden's Ain.
WhPrring. adj. A word formed in imitation of the found
exprefied by it.
From the brake the whirring pheafant fprings„
And mounts exulting on triumphant wings. Pope.
WHISK, n.f. [wijcben, to wipe, German.]
1. A fmall befom, or brufh.
The white of an egg, though in part tranfparent, yet,
being long agitated with a whjk or fpoon, lofes its tranfparency. Boyle. -
If you break any china with the top of the zvhifk on the
mantle-tree, gather up the fragments. Swift.
2. A part of a woman’s drefs.
An eafy means to prevent being one farthing the worfe for
the abatement of intereft, is wearing a lawn whifk inftead of
a point de Venice. Child ofTrade.
To Whisk, v. a. [wifehen, to wipe, German.]
1. To fweep with a fmall befom.
2. To move nimbly, as when one fweeps.
Cardan believ’d great ftates depend
Upon the tip o’ th’ bear’s tail’s end ;
That as file whifk'd it t’wards the fun,
Strow’d mighty empires up and down. Hudibras.
Whi sker. n.J. [from whifk.] The hair growing on the
cheek unlhaven ; the muftachio.
A facrifice to fall of ftate,
"VVhofe thread of life the fatal fillers
Did twift together with its whifkers. Hudibras.
Behold four kings in majefty rever’d.
With hoary whifkers and a forky beard. Pope.
A painter added a pair of whifkers to the face. Addifon.
To WHI'SPER. v.n. [wifperen, Dutch.] To fpeak with a
low voice, fo as not to be heard but by the ear clofe to the
fpeaker.
He fometime with fearful countenance would defirc the king
to look to himfelf; foi that all the court and city were full of
tvhifpcrings and expedation of fome fudden change. Sidney.
All that hate me whifper together againfr me. Pf xli. 7.
In fpeech of man, the whifpering or fufurrus, whether
louder or fofter, is an interiour found ; but the fpeaking out is
an exteriour found, and therefore you can never make a tone,
nor fing in whifpering ; but in fpeech you may. Bacon.
The king Aceftis calls;
Then foftly whijper d in her faithful ear.
And bade his daughters at the rites appear. Pope.
It is as oftenfive to fpeak wit in a fool’s company, as it
would be ill manners to whifper in it: he is difpleafed at both,
becaufe he is ignorant of what is faid. pcpe.
He comes and whifpers in his ear. Swift.
The hollow whiffring breeze, the pliant rills
Purle down amid’ the twilled roots. Tbomfon.
To WhiTer. v. a. ’
1. To addrefs in a low voice.
When they talk of him they Ihake their heads,
And whifper one another in the ear. Shak. King John.
Give forrow words ; the grief that does not fpeak,^ J
Whifpers the o’erfraught heart, and bids it break. Shakefp.
He hrft whifpers the man in the ear, that fuch a man Ihould
thin k fuch a card. Bacon's Natural Hifory.
The fteward vjhifpered the young Templer, that’s true to
my knowledge. _ Tatler.
2. I o utter in a low voice.
You have heard of the news abroad, I mean the whifper'd
ones ; for they are yet but ear-killing arguments. Shakejpeare.
They might buzz and whifper it one to another, and, tacit¬
ly withdrawing from the apoftles, noife it about the city. Bent.
3. To prompt fecretly.
Charles the emperor,
Under pretence to fee the queen his aunt,
lor’twas indeed his colour, but he came
To whifper Wolfey, here makes vifitation. Shak. H. VIII.
Whi'sper. n.f [from the verb.] A low foft voice.
The extenfion is more in tones than in fpeech; therefore
the inward voice or whifper cannot give a tone. Bacon.
Stridlly obferve the firft hints and whijpers of good and evil
that pafs in the heart, and this will keep coi.fcience quick and
SMh.
boft whifpers through th’ afiembly went, Dr)den.
, Heuncall’d, his patron to controul.
Divulg’d the fecret whifpers of his foul. Dryden.
Whi'sperer. n.f. [from whifper.]
1. One that fpeaks low.
2. A private talker.
Kings truft in eunuchs hath rather been as to good fpiafs and
good whifperers than good magiftrates. ° Bacon.
"WHist. [This word is called by Skinner, who feldom errs, an
interje£!ion commanding filence, and fo it is commonly ufed ;
but Skakefpeare ufes it as a verb, and Milton as an adjective.]*
1. Are filent. * J
Come unto thefe yellow fands.
And then take hands ;
Curt’fied when you have, and kifl.
The wild waves whift. Sh^keffearc's Temped.
2. Still; filent.
The winds, with wonder whiffy
Smoothly the waters kifs’d,
Whifpering new joys to the miid ocean. Milton.
7. Be {till.
Whist, n.f, A game at cards, requiring clofc attention and
filence.
The clergyman ufed to play at whijl and fwobbers. Swift.
Whijl awhile
Walks his grave round, beneath’a cloud of fmcke.
Wreath’d fragrant from the pipe. dhomfon's Autumn.
To WHUSTLE, v. n. [hpjptlan, Saxon ; fjlulo, Latin.]
1. To form a kind of mufical found by an inarticulate modula¬
tion of the breath.
I’ve watch’d and travell’d hard :
Some time I (hall fleep out, the reft I’ll whijlle. Shakefp.
His big manly voice
Changing again toward childifn treble pipes.
He whijlles in his found. Shakefpeare.
Let one whijlle at the one end of a trunk, and hold* your
ear at the other, and the found fhall llrike fo fiiarp as you can
Ibarce endure it. Bacon s Natural Hi/iory.
While the plowman near at hand
Whifles o’er the furrow’d land. Milton.
Should Bertran found his trumpets,
And Forrifmond but whijlle through his fingers,
He draws his army off. Dryden s Spanfo Fryar.
He whijll'd as he went for want of thought. Dryden.
The ploughman leaves the talk of day,
And trudging homeward whijlles on the way. Gay.
2. To make a found with a fmall wind inftrument.
3. To found fhrill.
Soft whifpers run along the leafy woods.
And mountains whillle to themurm’ring floods. Dryden.
Rhxtus
W H I
Rh.xtus from the hearth a burning brand
Seleitts, and whirling waves ; ’till from his hand
The fire took flame, then dafh’d it from the right
On fair Charaxus’ temples, near the fight
Then whijiling paft: came on. Drydm.
When winged deaths in whijiling arrows fly.
Wilt thou, though wounded, yet undaunted flay.
Perform thy part, and (hare the dangerous day r Prior.
The wild winds whijile, and the billows roar,
The fplitting raft the furious tempett tore. Pope.
To Whistle, v. a. To call by a whittle.
Whiftle them backwards and forwards, ’till he is weary.
South's Sermons.
He chanced to mifs his dog: we flood ftill ’till he had
wbmd\him up. Addijon.
W hen Ample pride for flatt’ry makes demands,
May dunce by dunce be wbijlled off my hands ! Pope.
Whittle, n.f [hpiprle, Saxon.]
1. Sound made by the modulation of the breath in the mouth.
My fire in caves conflrains the wind,
Can with a breath their clam’rous rage appeafe;
They fear his whijile, and forfake the leas. Dryden.
2. A found made by a fmall wind inftrument.
3. The mouth ; the organ of whittling.
Let’s drink the other cup to wet our ivhijlles, and fo fing
away all fad thoughts. JValton s Angler.
4. A fmall wind inftrument.
The matters and pilots were fo attonilhed that they knew
not how to direcft; and if they knew, they could fearcely,
when they diredted, hear their own whijile. Sidney.
Behold,
Upon the hempen tackle fhipboys climbing;
Hear the fhrill whijile, which doth order give
To founds confus’d. Shirkef. Henry V.
Small ivhijlley orfhepherds oaten pipes, give a found, becaufe of their extreme flendernels, whereby the air is more
pent than in a wider pipe. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.
Her infant grandame’s whiftle next it grew.
The bells fhe gingl’d, and the whijile blew. Pope.
5. The noife of winds.
6. A call, fuch as fportfmen ufe to their dogs.
Madam, here comes my lord.
—I have been worth the whijile. Shakefp. King Lear.
The knight, purfuing this epiftle.
Believ’d, he’d brought her te his ivhijlle. Hudibras.
Whi'stler. n.f. [from whiftle.] One who whittles.
The prize was a guinea to be conferred upon the ableft
whi/iler, who could whiftle cleareft, and go through his tune
without laughing. Addifon.
Whit. n.f. [pitvc, a thing; apiht, any thing, Saxon.] A
point; a jot.
We love, and are no whit regarded. Sidney.
The motive caufe of doing it is not in ourfelves, but carrieth us as if the wind fhould drive a feather in the air ; we no
whit furthering that whereby we are driven. Hooker.
Her facred book with blood ywrit,
That none could read, except fhe did him teach;
She unto him difclofed every whit,
And heavenly documents thereout did preach. Fairy Jfueen.
Although the lord became the king’s tenant, his country
was no whit reformed thereby, but remained in the former
barbarifm. Davies on Ireland.
Nature’s full bleflings would be well difpens’d
In unfuperfluous, even proportion.
And fhe no whit encumber’d with her flore. Milton.
In account of ancient times it ought to fatisfy any enquirer,
if they can be brought any whit near one another. Tillotjon.
It is every whit as honourable to affift a good minifter, as
to oppofe a bad one. Addifon s Foseholder, Ny. 48.
White, adj. [hprc, Saxon ; wit, Dutch-]
1. Having luch an appearance as arifes from the mixture of all
colours ; fnowy.
When the paper was held nearer to any colour than to the
reft, it appeared of that colour to which it approached neareft ;
but wnen it was equally, or almoft equally diffant from all
the colours, fo that it might be equally illuminated by them
all, it appeared white. Newton's Opticks.
Why round our coaches crowd the wh/'^-glov’d beaus ?
Pope.
Ulyfles cut a piece from the chine of the wbite-tooxh\\
boar, round which there was much fat. Broome.
2. Having the colour of fear; pale.
My hand will
That multitudinous lea incarnadine,
Making the green one red.-
—My hands are of your colour, but I fhame
To wear a heart fo white. Shakefp Macbeth.
3. Having the colour appropriated to happinefs and innocence.
Welcome, pure-ey’d faith, white-handed hope ;
Thou hovering angel girt with golden wings,
And thou unblemifh’d form of chaftity. Milton.
W H I
Wert thou that fweet-fmili’hg youth ?
Or that crown’d matron, fage,& w^-robed truth ? Milton.
Let this aufpicious morning be exprcft
With a white ftone, diftinguifh’d from the reft •
White as thy fame, and as thy honour clear,
And let new joys attend on thy new-added year. Dryden.
To feaftful mirth be this white hour affign’d.
And fweet difcourfe, the banquet of the mind. F'obe
Peace o’er the world her olive-wand extend.
And white-rob'd innocence from heav’n defcend. Pope.
4. Grey with age.
I call you fervile minifters,
That have with two pernicious daughters join’d.
Your high-engender’d battles ’gaiuft a head
So old and white as this. “ Shakefpeare's K. Lear.
So minutes, hours, and days, weeks, months and years
Paft over, to the end they were created,
Would bring white hairs unto a quiet grave. Shakefpeare.
5. Pure; unblemifhed.
Unhappy Dryden ! in all Charles’s days,
Rofcommon only boafts unfpotted lays :
And in our own, excufe fome courtly ftains,
No whiter page than Addifon’s remains. Pope.
White, n.f.
1. Whitenefs ; any thing white ; white colour.
A friend coming to vifit me, I flopp’d him at the door,
and before I told him what the colours were, or what I was
doing, I afked him which of the two whites were the beft,
and wherein they differed ? and after he had at that diftance
view’d them well, he anfwer’d, that they were both o-ood
whites, and that he could not fay which was beft, nor wherein
their colours differ'd. Newton's Opticks.
My Nanfhall be the queen of all the fairies,
Finely attired in a robe of white. Shakefpeare
2. The mark at which an arrow is fliot.
It a mark be let up for an archer at a great diftance, let
him aim as exactly as he can, the leaft wind Ihall take his
arrow, and divert it from the white. Dryden.
Remove him then, and all your plots fly fure
Point blank, and level to the very white
Of your defigns. Southern.
3. The albugineous part of eggs.
I’ll fetch fome flax and whites of estgs
T apply to s bleeding face. Shakefpeare.
The ftrongeft repellents are the whites of new-laid egas
beaten to a froth, with alum. TFifeman's Surgery.
What principle manages the white and yolk of an egg into
fuch a variety of textures, as is requiiite to faftuon a
Chi ? . . Boyle.
The two in moft regions reprefent the yolk and the mem¬
brane that lies next above it; fo the exterior region of the
earth is as the fhell of the egg, and the abyfs under it as the
white that lies under the fhell.
Burnet’s Theory of the Earth.
4. The white part of the eye.
Our general himfelf
San&ifies himfelf with’s hands,
And turns up the zvhite o’ th’ eye to his difcourfe. Shakefp.
The horny or pellucid coat of the eye, doth not lie ^in
the fame fuperficies with the white of the eye, but rifeth up
as a hillock, above its convexity. Ray.
To White, v. a. [Irom the adjedtive.] To make white; to
dealbate.
His raiment became fhining, exceeding white as know ; fo
as no fuller on earth can white them. Mar. ix. 3.
Like unto whited fepulchres, which appear beautiful out¬
ward, but are within full of dead men’s bones. Matt, xxiii.
Whitele'ad. n.f. White lead is made by taking fheet-lead, and having cut it
into long and narrow flips, they make it up into rolls, but
fo that a fmall diftance may remain between every fpiral re¬
volution. Thefe rolls are put into earthen pots, fo ordered
that the lead may not link down above half way, or fome
fmall matter more in them: thefe pots have each of them
very fliarp vinegar in the bottom, fo full as almoft to touch
the lead. When the vinegar and lead have both been put
into the pot, it is covered up clofe, and fo left for a certain
time ; in which fpace the corrofive fumes of the vinegar will
reduce the furface of the lead into a more white coal^ which
they feparate by knocking it with a hammer. There are two
forts of this fold at the colour fhops, the one called cerufe,
which is the moft pure part, and the other is called white
lead. Quincy.
Wh/tely. adj. [from white.] Coming near to white.*^
A whitey wanton, with a velvet brow,
With two pitch-balls ftuck in her face for eyes. Shakefp.
Now, governor, I fee I mutt: blulli
Quite through this vail of night a whitely fhame,
I o think I could defigti to make thofe free,
Who were by nature Haves. Southern’s Oroonoko.
„ White3
W H I
W Hl'tEMEAT. n.f [white and meat.] Food made of milk.
Much faltnefs in wbitcmeat is ill for the ftone. Tufler.
The Irifh baniftied into the mountains, lived only upon
whitemeats. Spcnfer.
To Whi'ten. v. a. [from white.] To make white.
I he fmoke of fulphur will not black a paper, and is com¬
monly ufed by women to whiten tiffanies. Brown.
Flax, the foil and climate are proper for whitening, by the
frequency of brooks, and alfo of winds. Temple.
Women of my complexion ought to be more modeft,
efpecially fince our faces debar us from all artificial whiten¬
ings- Guardian, N°. 61.
Striking her cliff, the {form confirms her pow’rj
The waves but whiten her triumphant fhore- Prior.
Whether the darken’d room to mufe invite,
Or whiten'd wall provoke the fkew’r to write ;
In durance, exile, Bedlam, or the mint,
Like Lee or Budgell, I will rhyme and print. Pope.
To Whi'ten. v.n. To grow white.
The bark expeefts its freight;
The loofen’d canvas trembles with the wind,
And the fea whitens with aufpicious gales. Smith.
Whi'tener. n.f. [from whiten.\ Onewhomakes anything white.
Whi'tenEss. n.f. [from white.J
1. The ftate of being white ; freedom from colour.
This doth lead me to her hand.
Of my firft love the fatal band,
Where whitenefs doth for ever fit;
Nature herfeJf enamell’d it. Sidney, b. ii.
Whitenefs is a mean between all colours, having difpofed
itfelf indifferently to them all, fo as with equal facility to
be tinged with any of them. Newton's Gpticks.
2. Palenefs.
Thou trembleft, and the whitenefs of thy cheek,
Is apter than thy tongue to tell thy errand. Shakefpeare.
3. Purity; cleannefs.
T. he leaft fpot is vifible on ermine j but to preferve this
whitenefs in its original purity, you have, like that ermine,
forfaken the common track of bufinefs, which is not always
clean. Dryden.
Whi'tepot. n.f. A kind of food.
Cornwall fquab-pye, and Devon whitepot brings. King.
Whites, n. f. [fluor albus.] It arifes from a Jaxnefs of the
glands of the uterus, and a cold pituitous blood. Afuincy.
Whitethorn, n.f. A fpecies of thorn.
As little as a whitethorn and a pear-tree feem of kin, a don
of the latter will fometimes profper well, being grafted upon
a flock of the former. Boyle.
Whitewash, n.J.. [white and ivajh.] A wafh to make the
fkin feen fair.
The clergy, during Cromwell’s ufurpation, were very
much taken up in reforming the female world ; I have heard
a whole fermon'againft a whitewajh. Addifon.
TVhi tewine. n.J. [white and wine.J A fpecies of wine pro¬
duced from the white grapes.
The feeds and roots are to be cut, beaten, and infufed in
whitewine. JVfcman s Surgery.
Whi'ther. adv. [hpybeji, Saxon.J
1. To what place? interrogatively.
Sifter, well met; whither away fo faft ?—
—No farther than the Tower. Shakefp. Rich. III.
The common people fwarm like fummer flies ;
And whither fly the gnats, but to the fun ? Shakefpeare.
Ah ! whither am I hurry’d ? ah ! forgive.
Ye fhades, and let your fifter’s iflue live. Dryden.
2. To what place ? Abfolutely.
I ftray’d I knew not whither. Milton.
3. To which place ; relatively.
Whither, when as they came, they fell at words.
Whether of them fhould be the lord of lords. Spenfer.
At Canterbury, whither fome voice was run on before, the
mayor feized on them, as they were taking frefh horfes. JVotton.
T hat lord advanced to Winchefter, whither Sir John Berk¬
ley brought him two regiments more of foot. Clarendon.
4- I o what degree ? Obfolete ; perhaps never in ufe.
Whither at length wilt thou abufe our patience ?
Still (hall thy fury mock us ? B. Johnfon.
Whithersoe'ver. adv. [whither and foever.] To wdiatfoever
place.
lor whatever end faith is defigned, and whitherfoever the
nature and intention of the grace does drive us, thither we
muft go, and to that end we muft direift all our actions. Taylor.
Whi'ting. n.f. [wittingh, Dutch j albumins, Lat.J
1. A fmall feafifh.
Some fifh are gutted, fplit, and kept in pickle, as whiting
and mackerel. Carew's purvey of Cornwall.
T he mulcular fibres of fifties are more tender than thofe of
terreftrial animals, and their whole fubftance more watery.
Some fifties, as whitings, can be almoft entirely diflolved into
water. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
2. A foft chalk, [from white.']
That this impregnated liquor may be improved, they pour
• ' WHO
it upon whiting, which is a white chalk, or clay finely pow¬
dered, cleanfed, and made up into balls. Boyle
When you clean your plate, leave the u biting plainly to
be feen in all the chinks. Swift.
Whi'tish. n.f [from white.] Somewhat white.
1 he fame aqua-fortis, that will quickly change the rednefs
ofred lead into a darker colour, will, being put upon crude lead,
produce a wbitijh fubftance, as with copper it did a bluifli.Boyle.
Whi tishness.. n.J. [from whitifh.] The quality of bein^
fomewhat white. b
Take good venereal vitriol of a deep blue, and compare
with fome of the entire cryftal,, purpofely referVed, fome of
the fubtile powder of the fame fait, which will exhibit a very
confiderable degree of whitijhnefs. Boyie on Colours.
Whi'tleather. n.f [white and leather.] Leather drefl'ed
with alum, remarkable for toughnefs.
Whole bridle and faddle, whitlether and nal
With collars and harneis. Tuffeds Hufbandry.
He bor’d the nerves through, from the heel to th’ ankle
and then knit
man. Both to his chariot, with a thong of whitleather. Chap.
Nor do I care much, if her pretty fnout
Meet with her furrow’d chin, and both together
Hem in her lips, as dry as good whitleather. Sucklim
Whi'tlow. n.f. [jjprr, Saxon, and loup, a wolf. Skinner.
Jjpir, Saxon, and low, a flame. M. Lye.j A fwelling between
the cuticle and cutis, called the mild whitlow, or between the
periofteum and the bone, called the malignant whitlow.
Paronychia is a fmall lvvelling about the nails and ends of the
fingers, by the vulgar people generally called whitfiaw. Wifem.
Whitsour. n.f. A kind of apple. See Apple.
Whi'tster, or whiter, n.f. [fiom white.] A whitener,
Carry it among the whitjlers in Datchet mead. Shakefpeare.
Wiii'tsul. n.f. A provincial word.
Their meat was whitful, as they call it, namely, milk, four
milk, cheefe, curds, butter. Carew.
Whi'tsuntide. n.f [white and Sunday, becaufe the con¬
verts newly baptized, appeared from Eafter to Whitfuntide in
white. Skinner.J The feaft of Pentecoft.
Strephon, with leafy twigs of laurel tree,
A garland made on temples for to wear;
For he then chofen was the dignity
Of village lord that Whitfontide to bear. Sidney.
This they employ in brewing and baking againft Whit¬
fontide. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
And let us do it with no ftiew of fear;
Nor with no more than if we heard that England
Were bufted with a Whitfon morrice dance. Shakefpeare.
Whi'ttentree. n.f A fort of tree. Ainfvuorth.
WHFTTLE. n.f. [hpyrel, Saxon.]
1. A white drefs for a woman. Not in ufe.
2. [hpyrel, Saxon.] A knife.
There’s not a whittle in th’ unruly camp,
But I do prize it at my love, before
The reverend’ft throat in Athens. Shakefpeare.
A dagger hanging at his belt he had.
Made of an antient fword’s welLtemper’d blade;
He wore a Sheffield whittle in his hofe. Betterton's Miller.
To Whittle, v.a. [from the noun.] To cut with a knife ;
to edge ; to ftiarpen. Not in ufe.
When they are come to that once, and are thoroughly
whittled, then (hall you have them caft their wanton eyes
upon men’s wives. Hakewill cn Providence.
To Whiz. v. n. [from the found that it expreiTes.J To make
a loud humming noife.
The exhalations, whizzing in the air.
Give fo much light, that I may read by them. Shakefpeare.
Turn him about,
I know him, he’ll but whiz, and ftrait go out. Dryden.
Soon all with vigour bend their trufty bows.
And from the quiver each his arrow chofe :
Hippocoon’s was the firft; with forceful fway
It flew, and whizzing cut the liquid way. Dryden.
Who. pronoun, [hpa, Saxon ; wit, Dutch.]
I. A pronoun relative, applied to perfons.
We have no perfect defeription of it, nor any knowledge
how, or by whom it is inhabited. Abbot.
Oft have I feen a timely-parted ghoft.
Of afhy femblance, meagre, pale, and bloodlefs.
Being all defeended to the lab’ring heart.
Who, in the conflict that it holds with death,
Attra&s the fame for aidance ’gainft the enemv. Shakefp.
Were the grac’d perfon of our Banquo prei'ent,
Whom I may rather challenge for unkindnefs,
Than pity for mifchance. Shakefp. Macbeth.
The fon of Duncan,
From whom this tyrant holds the due of birth,
Lives in the Englifti court. Shakefp. Macbeth.
A man can never be obliged to fubmit to any power, unlefs he can be fatisfied, who is the perfon who has a right to
exercife it. ~ Locke.
8 Tell
1
WHO
Tell who loves who ; what favours feme partake.
And who is jilted. Dryden.
We are ftill as much at a lofs, who civil power belongs
to. Locke.
2. As who Jhould fay, elliptically for as one who floould fay.
Hope throws a generous contempt upon ill ufage, and looks
like a handfome defiance of a misfortune : as who Jhould Jay,
you are fomewhat troublefome now, but 1 fhall conquer
you. Collier againfl Defpair.
3. Whofe is the genitive of which, as well as of who, and is ap¬
plied to things.
Whofe foever fins ye remit, they are remitted ; and ivhofe
foever fins ye retain, they are retained. John xx. 23.
The queftion whofe folution I require.
Is what the fex of women mod defire. Dryden.
Is there any other dodlrine, whofe followers are punifhed ? Add.
4. It has fometimes a disjunctive fenfe.
There thou tell’ft of kings, and who afpire ;
Who fall, who rife, who triumphs, who do moan. Daniel.
Whoever.pronoun, [who and mr.] Any one, without limi¬
tation or exception.
Whoever doth to temperance apply
His ftedfall life, and all his actions frame,
Truft me, fhall find no greater enemy.
Than ftubborn perturbation to the fame. Fairy ffueen.
I think myfelf beholden, whoever (hews me my miftakes. Loc,
Whoe'er thou art, that fortune brings to keep
The rights of Neptune, monarch of the deep ;
Thee firft it fits, O ftranger, to prepare
The due libation, and the folemn prayer. Pope.
Whoever is really brave, has always this comfort when he
is opprefs’d, that he knows himfelf to be fuperior to thofe
who injure him, by forgiving it. Pope.
Whole, adj. {palg, Saxon; heal, Dutch.]
I. All; total; containing all.
Burn the whole ram upon the altar. Ex.xxix. 18.
All the whole army flood agaz’d at him. ' Shakefpeare.
Fierce extremes.
Contiguous might diftemper the whole frame. Milton.
2; Uninjured; unimpaired.
Anmiifh is come upon me, becaufe my life is yet w'hole in
me. 2 ^a’ ** 9’
3. Well of any hurt or ficknefs.
When they had done circumcifing all the people, they abode
in the camp, till they were whole. J°f v. 8.
Whole, n.f. The totality ; no part omitted ; the complex of
all the parts. , .
Fear God, and keep his commandments, for this is the
whole of man. Ecclefiafles.
Begin with fenfe, of ev’ry art the foul;
Parts anfwering parts, fhall flide into a whole. Pope.
It contained the whole of religion amongft the antients;
and made philofophy more agreeable. Broome.
There is a metaphyfical whole, when the effence of a thing
is faid to confift of two parts, the genus and the difference,
i. e. the general and the fpecial nature, which, being joined
together, make up a definition. Watts s Logick.
Wholesale, n.f. [whole and fale.] Sale in the lump, not in
feparate fmall parcels. '
Thefe are ivholefale chapmen to Satan, that do not truck
and barter one crime for another, but take the whole
lrercl- Government ofthe Tongue.
This coft me at the wholefale merchant’s a hundred drachma’s;
I make two hundred by felling it in retail. Addifon.
Some from vanity, or envy, defpife a valuable book, and
throw contempt upon it by wholefale. Watts.
WhoYesome. adj. [heelfam, Dutch; heylfam, Teutonick;
both from Jjael, Saxon, health.]
1. Sound. Contrary to unfound in doctrine.
They fuffer us to famifh, repeal daily any wholefome a£l
eftablifhed againfl the rich, and provide more piercing ftatutes
to chain up the poor. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
’Tis no lefs
To govern juflly, make your empire flourifh.
With wholejome laws, in riches, peace, and plenty ;
Than, by the expence of wealth and blood, to make
New acquifitions. Denham's Sophy.
So the dodtrine contain’d be but wholefome and edifying, a
want of exadtnefs in fpeaking may be overlook'd. Atterhury.
2. Contributing to health.
Night not now, as ere man fell,
Wholfome and cool and mild ; but with black air
Accompany’d, with damps and dreadful gloom. Milton.
Befides the wholefome luxury which that place abounds with,
a kitchen garden is a more pleafant fight than the fineft
orangery. , Addifon.
She held it wholeforner by muen,
To reft a little on the couch. Prior.
3. Preferving; falutary. Obfolete. .....
The Lord helpeth his anointed, and will hear him from
his holy heaven; even with the wholefome ilrcngth of his
right hand. Pfalm xx. 6.
8
WHO
4. Kindly; pleafing. A burlefque ufe. .
I cannot make you a wholefome anfwer ; my wit’s dff*
eafech Shakefp. Hamlet-.
To wail friends loft,
Is not by much fo wholefome, profitable;
As to rejoice at friends but newly found. Shakefpeare.
Wholesomely, adv. [from wholefome.] Salubrioufly; falutiferoufly.
Who'lesomrness. n.f. [from wholefome.']
1. Quality of conducing to health ; falubrity.
We made a ftandard of the healthfulnefs of the air, from
the proportion of acute and epidemical difeafes, and of the
wholefornenefs of the food from that of the chionical. Gtaunt.
At Tonon they fhewed us a great fountain of water, that
is in great efteem for its wholejomenefs; weighing two ounces
in a pound lefs than the fame meafure of the lake water. Add.
2. Salutarinefs-; conducivenefs to good.
Who'lly. adv. [from whole.]
1. Completely; perfectly.
The thruft was fo ftrong, that he could not fo wholy beat
it away, but that it met with his thigh, through which it
ran, Sidney, b. n.
Nor wholly loft we fo deferv’d a prey;
For ftorms repenting part of it reftor’d* Dtrydert.
Thus equal deaths are dealt with equal chance ;
By turns they quit their ground, by turns advance :
Victors, and vanquifh’d in the various field,
Nor wholly overcome, nor wholy yield. Dryden.
This ftory was written before Boccace; but its author being
wholly loft, Chaucer is now become an original. Dryden.
They employ’d themfelves wholly in domeftick life ; and
provided a woman could keep her houfe in order, fhe never
troubled herfelf about regulating the commonwealth. Addifon.
2. Totally ; in all the parts or kinds.
Metals are wholly fubterrany. ^ Bacon.
Whom, the accufative of who, fingular and plural.
T here be men in the world, whom you had rather have
your Ion be with five hundred pounds, than fome other with
five thoufands. Locke on Education.
WhomsoeLer. pron. [who andfoever.] Any without exception*
With whomfoever thou findeft thy goods, let him not
j[ve# Gen. xxxi. 32.
Nature has bellowed mines on feveral parts; DUt their
riches are only for the induftrious and frugal. Whomfoever
elfe they vifit, ’tis with the diligent and fober only they
ftay. Locke.
Whoo'bub. n.f. Hubbub. See Hubbub.
In this time of lethargy, I pick’d and cut mod of their
feftival purfes : and had not the old man come in with a
whoobub againfl: his daughter, and fear’d my choughs from
the chaff, I had not left a purfe in the whole army. Shakefp.
WHOOP, n.f. [See hoop.]
1. A fhout of purfuit.
Let them breathe a-while, and then
Cry whoop, and fet them on again. Hudibras.
A fox crofting the road, drew off a confiderable detachment,
who clapp’d fpurs to their horfes, and purfued him with
whoops and hallows. Addifon.
2. [Upupa, Latin.] A bird. Di£l.
To WHOOP,/t/. «. [from the noun.] To fnout with malig¬
nity.
Treafon and murder ever kept together,
As two yoke devils fworn to either’s purpofe :
Working fo grofly in a nat’ral caufe,
That admiration did not whoop at them. Shakefpeare.
To Whoop, v. a. To infult with ftiouts.
While he trufts me, ’twere fo bafe a part
To fawn, and yet betray ; I fhou’d be hifs’d
And whoop'd in hell for that ingratitude. Dryden.
WHORE, n.f. [hop, Saxon ; hoere, Dutch.]
1. A woman who converfes unlawfully with men; a fornicatrefs; an adultrefs ; a ftrumpet.
To put out the word whore, thou doft me wo,
Throughout my book ; troth, put out woman too. B. jfohnf
2. A proftitute; a woman who receives men for money.
Orontes
Conveys his wealth to Tiber’s hungry fhores,
And fattens Italy with foreign whores. Dryden.
We weary’d fhould lie down in death :
This cheat of life would take no more ;
If you thought fame but empty breath ;
Your Phyllis but a perjur’d whore. Prior.
To Whore, v.n. [from the noun.] To converfe unlawfully
with the other fex.
’Tis a noble general’s prudent part,
To cherifh valour, and reward defert;
Let him be daub’d with lace, live high, and whore ;
Sometimes be loufy, but be never poor. Dryden,
To Who're. v. a. To corrupt with regard to chaftity.
Who'redom. n.f. [from whore.] Fornication.
Some let go whoredom as an indifferent matter, which yet
ftrive for an holy-day, as for their life. Hail.
30 Q. Nor
WHY
Nor can that peifon who accounts it his recreation to fee
wie man wallowing in his filthy revels, and another infamous
by his fenfuality, be fo impudent as to allege, that all the
enormous draughts of the one can leave the lead relifh upon
the tip of his tongue; or that all the fornications and whoredoms of the other can quench his own luff. South’s Sermons.
Whorema'ster. ) n.f [whore and mafler or monger.] One
Whoremo'nger. j who keeps whores, or converfes with a
fornicatrefs.
What is a whoremajler, fool ? a fool in good cloaths and
Something like thee. Shakcfpeare.
As if we were drunkards, by a planetary influence; an ad¬
mirable evafion of whoremajler man, to lay his goatifh difpofition on the change of a ftar. Shakefpeare s King Lear.
Art thou fully perfuaded that no whoremonger nor adulter¬
er fhall have any inheritance in the kingdom of God ? and doft
thou continue to pra&ife thefe vices ? Tillsfan’s Sermons.
A rank notorious whoremajler, to choofe
To thruft his neck into the marriage noofe.* Dryden.
If he were jealous, he might clip his wife’s wings; but
•what would this avail, when there were flocks of wboremaJlerS' perpetually hovering over his houfe. Addifon’s Guardian.
Whoredom, n.f. [whore and fin.] A baftard. It is gene¬
rally uied in a ludicrous diflike.
IVhorefon, mad compound of majefty, thou art welcome.
T-M , „ r, . . . Shakefpeare’s Henry IV.
I hou whore on Zed ! thou unneceffary letter. Shakefpeare.
How now, you whorefon peafant,
Where have you been thefe two days loitering ? Shakefp.
Frog was a cunning, fly whorefon, quite the reverfe ofJohn.
Arbutbnot’s Hijlory ofJohn Bull.
Who rish. ady. [from whore.] Unchaft; incontinent.
You, like a letcher, out of whorifh loins
Breed out your inheritors. Shakefp. Troilus and Creffida.
by means of a whorifh woman a man is brought to a piece
ofbread’ Prov vi 26
Wp^TLEBERRY' ^eo]^bejl,an’ Saxon-J Bilberry. A
The flower confifts of one leaf, fhaped like a pitcher; from
whofe empalement arifes the pointal, fixed like a nail in the
upper part of the flower, which becomes a foft umbilicated
fruit or berry full ofjuice, in which are inclofed feeds, for the
moft part fmall. M7/,r.
Whose, n.f
1. Genitive of who.
Though I could
With barefac’d power fweep him from my fight.
And bid my will avouch it, yet I muft not;°
For certain friends that are both his and mine,
Whofe loves I may not drop. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
2. Genitive of which.
Thy name afrights me, in whofe found is death. Shakefp.
Thofe darts whofe points make gods adore
His might, and deprecate his power. Prior.
Who'so. 1pronoun, [who and foever.] Any, without reWhosoeVer. J flri&ion.
IVhofo is out of hope to attain to another’s virtue, will feek
to Come at even hand, by deprefling another’s fortune. Bacon.
Let there be perfons licenled to lend upon ufury; let the
rate be fomewhat more eafy for the merchant than that he for¬
merly payed ; for all borrowers fhall have fome eafe, be he
merchant or whofoever. Bacon.
He inclos’d
Knowledge of good, and evil, in this tree,
That whofo eats thereof, forthwith attains
W ifdom. Milton’s Paradife Loft.
Whofoever hath Chrift for his friend, fhall be fure of counfel, and whofoever is his own friend will be fure to obey it.
^ South’s Sermons.
Whurt. n. f. A whortleberry ; a bilberry.
For fruits, both wild, as whurts, ftrawberries, pears and
plums, though the meaner fort come fhort, the gentlemen
ftep not far behind thofe of other parts. Carew.
Whv. adv. popjjpi, Saxon.]
1. For what reafon ? Interrogatively.
They both deal juftly with you; why ? not from any regard
they have forjuftice, but becaufe their fortune depends on their
"edi\. , . Swift.
2. r or which reafon. Relatively.
Mortar will not have attained its utmoft compa&nefs till
fourfeore years after it has been employed ; and this is one reafon why, in demolifhing ancient fabricks, it is more eafy to
break the none than the mortar. Boyle.
„ n No ground of enmity
Ifftoy he mould mean me ill. Milton.
Such, whofe foie blifs is eating ; who can give
But that one biutal reafon, why they live. Dryden.
3. For what reafon. Relatively. J
Shall I tell you why
—Ay, fir, and wherefore; for they fay,
Ever'y why hath -a wherefore. Shakefpeare.
W I G
I was difpatch’d for their defence and guard •
And hften why, for I will tell you now. & ’ Milton
e examine the why, the what and the how of things.’
Turn the difeourfei I have a reafon why L Ejlra"S'-
I would not have you fpeak fo tenderly. Dryden
4. It is lometimes ufed emphatically. *
Ninus tomb, man ; why, yOU muft not fpeak that ytt:
that you anfwer to Pyram. r o, iry
You have' no, been a-bed then ?
my, no; the day had broke before we parted. Shahfpem.
Whence ,s hi,? why: from that ellcntial fuitablenefs which
obed.ence has to the relation which is between a rational creature and his Creator. c ,, c
Whyno't. adv. A cant word for violent or nerenw * e>monS'
(jure or peremptory proceCapoeh’d your rabbins of the fynod.
And fnap’d their canons with a whynot. U,.ri .
Wi. (Sax.] Holy. Thus wi?nund, holy peace ; wilert, eminent
for faneftity ; alwi, altogether holy, as Hierocles, Hieronymus
HollUS, &C. Gihlrn’c j *
Wrc, Wieh. Comes from the Saxon pic, which accordl^
the different nature and condition of places, hath a threefold
fignification; implying either a village, ®r a bay made by the
winding banks of a river, or a caftle. Gibfon’s Camden.
WICK. n.J. [peoce, Saxon; wiecke, Dutch] .Thefubftance
round which is applied the wax or tallow of a torch or candle.
But true it is, that when the oil is fpent,
The light goes out, and wick is thrown away ;
So, when he had refign’d his regiment,
His daughter ’gan defpife his drooping day. Fa Queen
There lives within the very flame of love
A kind of wick or fnuff that will abate it. Shakefpeare
Bodies are inflamed wholly and immediately, without any
wick to help the inflammation. Bacon’s Natural HiJloryj
Little atoms of oil or melted wax continually afeend apace
up the wick of a burning candle. Digby
The fungous parcels about the wicks of candles only figniand Hvi°us air about them. Brown’s Vulgar Err.
Wl GKLD. adj. [Of this common word the etymology is very
obfeure: picca, is an enchanter-, pseccan, is to opprefspipian,
to curfep piccb, is crooked: all thefe however Skinner reje&s
for vitiatus, Latin. Perhaps it is a compound of pic, vile,
bad, and head, malum caput.]
1. Gwen to vice; not good; flagitious; morally bad.
The dwelling place ofthe wickedfhall come to nought. Job.
And as the better fpirit, when fhe doth bear
A fcorn of death, doth fhew fhe cannot die;
So when the wicked foul death’s face doth fear,
Ev’n then fhe proves her own eternity. Davies.
He of their wicked ways fhall them admonjfh. Milton.
But fince thy veins paternal virtue fires.
Go and fucceed ! the rivals aims defpife;
For never, never wicked man was wife. Pope’s Odyffey.
2. It is a word of ludicrous or flight blame.
That fame wicked baftard of Venus, that blind rafcally boy,
that abufes every one’s eyes becaufe his own are out, let him
be judge how deep I am in love. Shakefpeare.
3. turfed ; baneful; pernicious ; bad in effedh
The wicked weed which there the fox did lay,
From underneath his head he took away. ' Hubberd.
As wicked dew as e’er my mother brulh’d.
With raven’s feather from unwholfome fen,
Drop on you both. Shakefpeare’s 7empef.
Wickedly, adv. [from wicked.] Criminally; corruptly;
badly.
I would now fend him where they all fhould fee,
Clear as the light his heart fhine; where no man
Could be fo wickedly or fondly ftupid,
But fhould cry out, .he faw, touch’d, felt wickednefs.
And grafp’d it. Ben. Johnfon.
He behaved himfelf with great modefty and wonderful re¬
pentance; being convinced in his confcience that he had done
wickedly. Clarendon.
That thou may’ft the better bring about
Thy wifhes, thou art wickedly devout. Dryden.
Tis phrafe abfurd to call a villain great:
Who wickedly is wife, or madly brave.
Is but the more a fool, the more a knave. Pope.
Wi'ckedness'. n.f [from wicked.] Corruption of manners;
guilt; moral ill.
It is not good that children fhould know any wickednefs ;
old folks have dilcretion and know the world. Shakejpeare.
I hefe tents thou faw’ft fo pleafant, were the tents
Of wickednefs; wherein fhall dwell his race
Who flew his brother. Milton’s Paradife Lcfl.
Wf cker. adj. [vigre, a twig, Danifh ; twiggen, Dutch.] Made
of fmall flicks.
Each one a little wicker hafket had
Made of fine twigs, entrailed curioufly ;
In which they gather’d flow’rs. Spenfer.
'i he
W I D W I D
The long broad fhields, made up of wicker rods, which are
commonly ufed among the northern Irifh, but efpecially among
the Scots, are brought from the Scythians. Spenfer.
If your influence be quite damm’d up
With black ufurping mills, fome gentle taper,
"1 hough a rufh candle from the wicker hole
Of fome clay habitation, vifit us
With thy long-levell’d rule of ftrcaming light. Milton.
A foolifh painter drew January fitting in a wicker chair,
with four nightcaps on by the fire, and without doors green
trees, as if it had been in the midft ofJuly. Peacbam.
Wi'cket. n.f. [wicked, Welfh; guigbet> Fr. wicket, Dutch.]
A fmall gate.
When none yielded, her unruly page.
With his rude claws the wicket open rent,
And let her in. Fairy Queen.
Thzk wickets ofthe foul are plac’d on high,
Becaufe all founds do lightly mount aloft. Davies.
Now St. Peter at heav’ns wicket feems
To wait them with his keys. Milton.
The cave was now a common way.
The wicket, often open'd, knew the key. Dryden.
The chaffering with diffenters, and dodging about this or
the other ceremony, is like opening a few wickets, by which
no more than one can get in at a time. Swift.
WIDE. adj. [pibe, Saxon; wijd> Dutch.]
1. Broad ; extended far each way.
They found fat pafture, and the land was wide and quiet.
i Chron. iv. 40.
He wand’ring long a wider circle made*
And many-languag’d nations he furvey’d. Pope.
2. Broad to a certain degree: as three inches wide.
3. Deviating; remote.
Many of the fathers were far wide from the underftanding
of this place Raleigh.
Confider the abfurdities of that diftindlion betwixt the adl
and the obliquity, and the contrary being fo wide from the
truth of feripture and the attributes of God, and fo noxious
to good life, we may certainly conclude, that to the perpetra¬
tion of whatfoever fin, there is not at all any predeftination
of God. Hammond's Fundamentals.
To move
His laughter at their quaint opinions wide. Milton*
Oft wide of nature muff he a& a part,
Make love in tropes, in bombaft break his heart. Ticked.
Wide. adv.
j. At a diftance. In this fenfe wide feems to be fometimes an
adverb.
A little widC't
There was a holy chapel edify’d,
Wherein the hermit wont to fay
His holy things each morn and even tide. Fairy Queen.
Of this I have heard more from others who lived much
among the Chinefe; a people whole way of thinking feems to
lie as wide of ours in Europe as their country does. Temple.
2. With great extent.
Of all thefe bounds rich’d
With plenteous rivers, and wide fkirted meads,
We make thee lady. Shakefpcare s King Lear.
On the eaft-ffde of the garden place.
Cherubic watch ; and of a fword the flame
waving ; all approach far off to fright. Milton.
With huge two-handed fway,
Brandilh’d aloft, the horrid edge came down.
Wide wafting
The fouth wind rofe, and with black wings. Milton.
Wide hovering all the clouds together drove
From under heav’n. Millton's Paradife Loft,
Stretch’d at eafe the panting lady lies,
To fhun the fervor of meridian fkies ;
While fweatingflaves catch ev’ry breeze of air.
And with «>ff/f-fpreading fans refrefh the fair. Gay.
Yet wide was fpread their fame in ages paft.
And poets once had promis’d they fhould laft. Pope.
Wi'dely. adv. [from wide.]
1. With great extent each way.
Any that confiders how immenfe the intervals of the chaos
are, in proportion to the bulk of the atoms, will hardly in¬
duce himfelf to believe, that particles fo widely diffeminated
could ever throng one another to a compadt texture. Bentley.
2. Remotely ; far.
Let him exercife the freedom of his reafon, and his mind
will be ffrengthned, and the light which the remote parts of
truth will give to one another, will fo aflift his judgment* that
he will feldom be widely out. Locke.
To Wi'den. v. a. [from wided\ To make wide; to extend.
So now the gates are ope; now prove good feconds;
Tis for the followers, fortune widens them,
Not for the flyers. Sbakefpeare's Coriolanus.
Thefe accidents when they firft happen, leem but fmall and
contemptible ; but by degrees they branch out and widen themfelves into a numerous train of mifehievous confequence9. South.
He was accuftomed to fleep with a peaceable nofe, foftning
in his {lumbers the wrinkles of it, and the anger which com¬
monly mounted to that part; but now his noftrils were wide¬
ned to the laft degree of fury. Dryden's Dufrefnoy.
To Wi'den. v. n. To grow wide; to extend itfelf.
It is in this that the fpecies of brutes are diferiminated from
man, and that proper difference, wherein they are wholly
feparated, and which at laft widens to fo vaft a diftance. Locke.
With her the temple ev’ry moment grew.
Upward the columns {hoot, the roofs afeend.
And arches widen, and long ifles extend. Pope.
Wi'deness. n.f. [from wide.]
1. Breadth; large extent e*ach way.
The rugged hair began to fall away ;
The fweetnefs of her eyes did only ftay,
Though not fo large; her crooked horns deereafe;
The widenefs of herjaws and noftrils ceafe. Dryden.
2. Comparative breadth.
Within the fame annual time, the center of the earth is
carried above fifty times as far round the orbis magnus, whofe
widenefs we now affume to be twenty tfioufand terreftrial dia¬
meters. Bentley s Sermons.
Wi'dgeon. A water-fowl not unlike a wild duck, but not fo
large.
Among the firft fort we reckon creyfers, curlews, and wid¬
geon. Carew.
WI'DOW. n.f [piopa, Sax. weduwe, Dutch; weddw, Welfh;
vidua, Latin.] A woman whofe hufband is dead.
To take the widow,
Exafperates, makes mad her After Gonerill. Shakefpcare.
Catharine no more
Shall be call’d queen ; but princefs dowager.
And widow to prince Arthur. Shakefpcare*s Hen. VIII.
Our fatherlefs diftrefs was left unmoan’d.
Your widow-dolours likewife be unwept. Shak. Richard III.
And will fhe yet debafe her eyes on me.
That cropt the golden prime of this fweet prince.
And made her widow to a woeful bed. Shakefpeare*
The barren they more miferable make.
And from the widow all her comfort take. Saudys.
He warns the widow, and her houlhold gods
To feek a refuge in remote abodes. Dryden.
Who has the paternal power whilft the zwaW-queen is with
child. Locke.
To Wi'dow. v. a. [from widow.]
1. To deprive of a hufband.
In this city he
Hath widow'd and unchilded many a one,
Which to this hour bewail the injury, Shak. Coriolanusi
Poor ropes you are beguil’d ;
Both you and I; for Romeo is exil’d:
He made you for a high way to my bed.
But I, a maid, die maiden widowed. Shakefpcare-.
Thy little care to mend my widow'd nights,
Has forc’d me to recourfe of marriage rites,
To fill an empty fide. Dryden»'
2. To endow with a widow-right.
For his poffeffions,
Although by confifcation they are oursj
We do inflate and widow you withal.
To buy you a better hulband. Shakefpearei,
3. To ftrip of any thing good.
The widow'd ifle in mourning
Dries up her tears. Dryden.
For him you wafte in tears your widow'dhours. Dryden.
Inclement weather and frofty blafts deface
The blithfome year, trees oftheir fhrivel’d fruits
Are widow'd, dreary ftorms o’er all prevail. Philips.
Widower, n.f. [from widow.] One who has loft his wife.
The king, fealing up ail thoughts of love under the image
of her memory, remained a widower many years after. Sidney.
The main confents are had, and here we’ll ftay
To fee our widower's fecond marriage-day. Shakefpcare.
They that marry, as they that {hall get no children; and
they that marry not, as thz widowers. 2 Efdr. xvi. 44.
Widowhood, n.f. [from widow.] The date of a widow.
Cecropia, having in her widowhood taken this young Artefia into her charge, had taught her to think that there is no
wifdom but in including both heaven and earth in one’s felf.
Sidney*
Ne ween my right with ftrerigth adown to tread,
Through weaknefs of my widowhood or woe,
For truth is ftrong. Fairy Queen.
She employed her laft widowhood to works no lefs bountiful
than charitable. CarevSs Survey of Cornwall*
It is of greater merit wholly to abftain from things defireable, than after fruition to be content to leave them ; as they
who magnify fingle life prefer Virginity much before widow¬
hood. IVotton.
6 Cherifljt
W I G
Cherifti thy haftcn’d widowhood with the gold
Ofmatrimonial treafon : fo farewell. Milton.
2. Eftate fettled on a widow. Not in ufe.
For that dow’ry, I’ll allure her of
Her widowhood, be it that fhe furvives me.
In all my lands. Shakefp. Taming ofthe Shrew.
Widowhu'nter. n.f [widowand hunter.] One who courts
widows for a jointure.
The widowhunters about town often afford them great diverfion. Addifon's Spectator.
Widowma'ker. n.f [widoiv and maker.'] One who deprives
women of their hufbands.
It grieves my foul
That I muft draw this metal from -my fide
To be a widowma'ker. Shakefp. King John.
Wi'dow-wail. n.f [widoiv and wail ] A plant.
It hath a flower confifting of one leaf, which is deeply di¬
vided into three parts: the cup of the flower is alfo of one
leaf, divided into three fegments; the fruit confifts of three
hard berries clofely joined together; in each of which is con¬
tained one oblong feed; to which may be added, it hath the
appearance of a fhrub, and the leaves are fmall and oblong.
Miller.
Width, n.f. [from wide.] Breadth; widenefs. A low word.
For the width of the mortefs gage this fide, then for the
tennant, gage on that end ofthe quarter you intend the tennant
fhall be made. Moxon.
Let thy vines in intervals be fet.
Indulge their width, and add a roomy fpace.
That their extremeft lines may fcarce embrace. Dryden..
To WIELD, v. a. [pealban, Saxon ; to manage in the hand.]
To ufe with full command, as a thing not too heavy for the
holder.
Bafe Hungarian wight, wilt thou the fpigot wield. Shakefp.
His looks are full of peaceful majefty,
His head by nature fram’d to wear a crown.
His hand to wield a fcepter, and himfelf
Likely in time to blefs a regal throne. Shakefpeare.
There is that hand bolden’d to blood and war.
That muft the fword in wond’rous a&ions wield. Daniel.
They are in the dark before they are aware; and then they
make a noife only with terms; which, like too heavy wea¬
pons that they cannot wield, carry their ftrokes beyond their
aim* Digby on Bodies.
The leaft of whom could vneld
Thefe elements, and arm him with the force
Of all their regions. Milton's Paradife Left.
Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming fteed. Milton.
If Rome’s great fenate could not wield that fword.
Which of the conquer’d world had made them lord;
What hope had ours, while yet their pow’r was new.
To rule vi&orious armies, but by you ? Waller.
He worthieft, after him, his fword to wield,
Or wear his armour, or fuftain his fhield. Dryden:
Wi'eldy. adj. [from wield.] Manageable.
Wi'ery. adj. [from wire.]
1. Made of wire : it were better written wiry.
Your gown going off, fuch beauteous ftate reveals,
As when through flow’ry meads th’ hill’s fhadow fteals;
Off with that wiery coronet, and fhew
The hairy diadem which on your head doth grow. Donne.
I2. Drawn into wire.
Polymnia fhall be drawn with her hair hanging loofe about
her fhoulders, refembling wiery gold. Peacham on Drawing.
3. [From paep, a pool.] Wet; wearifh ; moift. Obfolete.
Where but by chance a filver drop hath fall’n,
Ev’n to that drop ten thoufand wiery friends
Do glew tbemfelves in fociable grief. Shakefpeare.
Wife. n.f. Plural wives [pip, Saxon ; wif, Dutch.]
A woman that has a hufband.
Your claim, fair fifter,
I bar it in the intereft of my wife. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
There’s no bottom, none
In my voluptuoufnefs : your wives, your daughters.
Your matrons and your maids could not fill up
The ciftern ofmy luft. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Why faidft thou, fhe is my fifter ? fo I might have taken
her to me to wife. Gen. xii. 19.
The wife, where danger or difhonour lurks,
Safeft and feemlieft by her hufband ftays. Milton.
fhe wife her hufband murders, he the wife. Dryden.
Tond of his friend, and civil to his wife, Pope.
2. It is ufed for a woman of low employment.
Strawberry wives lay two or three great ftrawberries at the
mouth of their pot, and all the reft are little ones. Bacon,
Wig. n.f ll ig being a termination in the names ofrnen fignifies
war, or elfe a hcroe, from piga, a word of that fignification.
__ _ , . Gibbon's Camden.
Wig. n.f [Contracted from periwig.]
I. Falfe hair worn on the head.
Triumphing 'lories and defponding Whigs
Forget their feuds, and join to fave their wigs. Swift.
W I L
wirnTf0h , , . Jhfimti,
1 • ft-f- Saxon.] A perfon ; a being. Obfolete.
Befhrew the witch! with venomous wights fhe ftays,
Tedious as hell; but flies the grafps of love.
With wings more momentary fwift than thought. Shakefp.
I his world below did need one wight,
Which might thereof diftinguifh ev’ry part. Davies.
1 his meaner wights, of truft and credit bare,
Not fo refpefted, could not look t’effedL Daniel.
A Wight he was, wbofe very fight wou’d
Entitle him mirror of knighthood. Hudibras.
The water flies all tafte of living wbht Milton
How could’ft thou fufter thy devoted kni&ht,
On thy own day, to fall by foe opprefs’d, & ’
The wight of all the world who lov’d thee beft. Dryden.
His ftation he yielded up to a wight as difagreeable as him-*
Jdf‘ .. c • r ^ a r dddijoti s Guardian.
Wight, adj. Swift; nimble. Out of ufe.
He was fo wimble and fo wight,
From bough to bough he leaped light.
And oft the pumies latched. Spenfer's Paftorals.
W/ghtly. adv. [from wight.] Swiftly; nimbly.
Her was her, while it was day-light,
But now her is a rnoft wretched wight:
^ O *
r or day that was is wightly paft.
And now at laft the night doth haft. Spenfer.
Wiht. An initial in the names ofmen, fignifies ftrong ; nimble;
lufty; being purely Saxon. Gibfon's Camden.
WILD. adj. [pdt>, Saxon; wild, Dutch.]
1. Not tame; not domeftick.
For I am he am born to tame you, Kate,
And bring you from a wild cat to a kate.
Conformable as other houfhold kates. Shakefpeare.
Winter’s not gone yet, if the wild geefe fly that way. Shak.
All beafts ofthe earth fince wild. Milton.
2. Propagated by nature; not cultivated.
Whatfoever will make a wild tree a garden tree, will make
a garden tree to have lefs core or ftone. Bacon's Natural PJiftory.
Goofe grafs or ivild tanfy is a weed that ftrong days are very fubjeCt to. Mortimer s Hufbandry.
The ivild bee breeds in the ftocks of old willows, in which
they firft bore a canal, and furnifh afterwards with hangings,
made of rofe leaves: and to finifh their work divide the whole
into federal rooms or nefts. Grew's Mufasum.
3. Defart ; uninhabited.
The wild beaft where he wons in foreft wild. Milton.
4. Savage; uncivilized.
Affairs that walk,
As they fay fpirits do, at midnight, have
In them a wilder nature, than the bufinefs
That feeks difpatch by day. Shakefpeare's Henry VJIf.
Though the inundation deftroyed man and beaft generally,
yet fome few wild inhabitants of the woods efcaped. Bacon.
When they might not converfe with any civil men without
peril oftheir lives, whither fhould they fly but into the woods
and mountains, and there live in a wild and barbarous manner* Davies on Ireland.
May thofe already curft Effexian plains,
Where hafty death and pining ficknefs reigns,
Prove as a deiart, and none there make ftay,
But favage beafts, or men as wild as they. Waller.
5. Turbulent; tempeftuous; irregular.
His paffions and bis virtues lie confus’d.
And mixt together in fo wild a tumult.
That the whole man is quite disfigur’d in him. Addifon\
6. Licentious; ungoverned.
That wild rout that tore the Thracian bard. Milton,
Valour grown wild by pride, and pow’r by rage,
Did the true charms ofmajefty impair:
Rome by degrees advancing more in age,
Show’d fad remains of what had once been fair. Prior,
y. Inconftant; mutable; fickle.
In the ruling paffion, there alone,
The wild are conftant, and the cunning known. Pope.
8. Inordinate; loofe.
Other bars he lays before me,
My riots paft, my wild focieties. Shakefpeare.
Befides, thou art a beau ; what’s that my child ?
A fop well-dreft, extravagant and wild:
She that cries herbs has lefs impertinence.
And in her calling, more of common fenfe. Dryden.
9. Uncouth ; ftrange.
What are thefe.
So wither’d, and fo wild in their attire,
That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ the earth,
And yet are on’t. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
10. Done or made without any confident order or plan.
With mountains, as with weapons, arm’d; they make
Wild work in heav’n. Miltons Paradfe Loft.
The fea was very neceffary to the ends of providence, and
Would have been a very wild world had it been without.
Woodward'i Natural Hijlory.
11. Meerly
W I N W I N
li. Meerly imaginary.
As univerfal as thefe appear to be, an effectual remedy might
be applied : I am not at prefcnt upon a wild fpeculative pro- W'e£t, but fuch a one as may be eafily put in execution. Swift.
ild, n.f. [from the adje&ive.] A defart; a tradt unculti¬
vated and uninhabited.
We Lmetimes
Who dwell this wild, conflrain’d by Want come forth
To town or village nigh. Milton’s Paradife Regained.
This gentle knight
Forfook his eafy couch at early day*
And to the wood and wilds purfu’d his way. Dryden*
Then Libya firft, of all her moiflure drain'd*
Became a barren wafte, a wild of fand. Addifon.
Is there a nation in the wilds of Afric,
Amidft the barren rocks and burning fands
That does not tremble at the Roman name ? Addifon.
You rais’d thefe hallow’d walls; the defart fmil’d,
And paradife was open’d in the wild. Pope.
Wild Bafil. n.f. [acinus, Lat.] A plant.
* It hath leaves like thofe of the lefTer bafil; the cup of the
flower is oblong and furrowed; the flowers are produced in
bunches on the top of little footftalks, which arife from be¬
tween the footftalk of the leaf and the ftalk of the plants in
which it differs from ferpyllum. Miller.
Wild Cucumber, n.f. [elaterium, Latin ] A plant.
The branches are fomewhat like thofe of the cucumber, but
have no tendrils;, the fruit is prickly, and when ripe burfts
with great elafticity, and abounds with fetid juice. Miller.
Wild Olive, n.f. [eleagnus, Latin, from an olive, and
ecyvor vitex ;] This plant hath leaves like thofe of the chafte
tree, and a fruit like an olive. Miller.
Wildse'rvice. n. f [cratagus, Lat.] A plant.
The leaves are Angle ; the flower confifls of five leaves,
which expand in form of a rofe. The fruit is fmall, and
fhaped like a pear, in which are many hard feeds. Miller.
To Wi'lder. v. a. [from wild.] To loofe or puzzle in an
unknown or pathlefs trail.
The little courtiers, who ne’er come to know
The depth of fadtions, as in mazes go,
Where intereffs meet, and crofs fo oft, that they
With too much care are wilder'd in the way. Dryden.
Oh thou ! who free’ft me from my doubtful ffate.
Long loft and wilder'd in the maze of fate,
Be prefent ftill. Pope.
Wi'lderness. n.f. [from wild.]
j. A defert; a trait of folitude and favagertefs.
He travell’d through wide wafteful ground.
That nought but defert wildernefs fhew’d all around. F. §>u.
When as the land fhe faw no more appear,
But a wild wildernefs of waters deep.
Then ’gan fhe greatly to lament and weep. Spenfer.
O my poor kingdom, flick with civil blows !
When that my care could not with-hold thy riots,
What wilt thou do when riot is thy care ?
O, thou wilt be a wildernefs again.
Peopled with wolves, thy old inhabitants.
But who can always on the billows lie ?
The wat’ry wildernefs yields no fupply.
All thofe animals have been obliged to change their woods
and wildernejjes for lodgings in cities. Arbuth. id Pope.
2. The ftate of being wild or diforderly. Not in ufe.
The paths and bow’rs, doubt not, but our joint hands
Will keep from wildernefs with eafe. Milton.
Wi'ldfirb. n.f [wild and fire.] A compofition of inflam¬
mable materials, eafy to take fire, and hard to be extinguifhed.
When thou rann’ft up Gadfhill in the night to catch my
horfe, I did think thou had’ft been an ignis fatuus, or a ball
of wildfire. Shakefpeare.
Though brimftone, pitch, wildfire, burn equally, and are
hard to quench, yet they make no fuch firy wind as gun¬
powder. Bacon s Nsit. FUJI.
Yet fhall it in his boiling ftomach turn
To bitter poifon, and like wildfire burn ;
He fhall caft up the wealth by him devour’d. Sandys.
No matter in the world fo proper to write with as wildfire,
as no characters can be more legible than thofe which are read
by their own light. Addifi Guard.
In flames, like Semele’s, be brought to bed.
While opening hell fpouts wildfire at your head. Pope.
Wildgo osechase. n. f. A purfuit of fomething as unlikely
to be caught as the wildgoofe.
If our wits run the wi/dgoofechace, I have done; for thou
haft more of the wildgoofe in one of thy wits, than I have in
my whole five. Shakefpeare.
Let a man confider the time, money, and vexation, that
this wildgoofechace has coft him, and then fay what have I
gotten to anfwer all this expence, but loofe, giddy frolick ?
s L'EJlrange.
Wi'lding. n.f [wildelinghe, Dut.] A wild four apple.
Shakefpeare.
Waller.
Ten ruddy wildings in the wood I found, ’
And flood on tip-toes, reaching from the ground. Dryd.
The red ftreak, of all cyder fruit, hath obtained the pre¬
ference, being but a kind of wilding, never pleafing to the
palate. Mortimer*
The wilding's fibres are contriv’d
To draw th’ earth’s pureft fpirit, and refill
Its feculence. Phillips»
Wi'ldly. adv. [from wild.]
1. Without cultivation.
That which grows wildly of itfelf, is worth nothing. More.
2. With diforder ; with perturbation or diffraction.
Put your difcourfe into fome frame, and ftart not fo wildly
from my affair* Shakefpear*
Mrs. Page, at the door, fweating, blowing, and looking
wildly, would needs fpeak with you. Shakefpeare.
Young mothers wildly flare with fear oppreft,
And ftrain their helplefs infants to their breafl. Dryden.
His fever being come to a height, he grew delirious, and
talked very wildly. Female Quixote.
3. Without attention ; withoutjudgment.
As th’unthought accident is guilty
Of what we ivildly do, fo we profefs
Ourfelves to be the flaves of chance, and flie3
Of every wind that blows. Shakefpeare.
4. Irregularly.
She, wildly wanton, wears by night away
The fign of all our labours done by day. Dryden.
Wi'ldness. n. f. [from wild.]
1. Rudenefs ; diforder like that of uncultivated ground.
The heath, which was the third part of our plot, I wifli to
be framed, as much as may be, to a natural ivildnefs. Bac.
2. Inordinate vivacity ; irregularity of manners.
This fame ftarved juftice hath done nothing but prated to
me of the wildnefs of his youth, and the feats he hath done
about Turnbal -ftreet; and every third word a lie. Shakefp.
He is giv’11
To fports, to wildnefs, and much company. Shakefpeare.
3. Savagenefs; brutality*
He came in like a wild man ; but fuch a wildnefs as (hewed
his eye-fight had tamed him, full of withered leaves; which
though they fell not, ftill threatened falling. Sidney.
Vainly thou tell’ft me, what the woman’s care
Shall in the wildnefs of the wood prepare. Prior.
4. Uncultivated ftate*
Their wildnefs lofe, and quitting nature’s part,
Obey the rules and difcipline of art. Dryden.
5. Deviation from a fettled courfe ; irregularity.
A delirium is but a fhort wildnefs of the imagination ; and
a fettled irregularity of fancy is diftradtion and madnefs.
JVatts's Log.
6. Alienation of mind.
Ophelia, I wifh
That your good beauties be the happy caufe
Of Hamlet’s wildnefs ; fo fhall I hope your virtues
May bring him to his wonted way again. Shakefp.
Wile. n.f. [pile, Saxon; wiel, Iflandick.] A deceit; a
fraud ; a trick ; a ftratagem ; a practice artful, fly, and infidious.
Their leader by his wiles had much obtain’d,
And done much mifchief on the Englifh ftate. Daniel.
My fentence is for open war ; of wiles
More unexpert, I boaft not; them let thofe
Contrive who need. Milton.
Life effay’d the fureft wile.
Gilding itfelf with Laura’s fmile. Rofcommon.
So Sforza, curs’d with a too fertile brain,
Loft by his wiles the pow’r his wit did gain. Dryd.
The heart of man is fo full of wiles, artifices, and deceit,
that there is no gueffing at what he is from his fpeeches.
Addifon's Guardian.
Wifdom’s above fufpedting wiles.
The queen of learning gravely fmiles. Swift.
W'ilful. adj. [will and full.]
1. Stubborn; contumacious; perverfe ; inflexible.
2. Done or fuffered by defign.
Sthenobcea herfelf did choak
With wilful cord, for wanting of her will. Fairy Jhteen.
Thou to me
Art all things under heav’n, all places thou,
Who for my wilful crime art banifh’d hence. Milton.
The filent Arranger flood amaz’d to fee
Contempt of wealth, and wilful poverty. Dryden.
Wi'lfully. adv. [from wilful.]
I. Obftinately ; ftubbornly.
The mother, who being determinately, lead I fhould fay
of a great lady wilfully, bent to marry her to Demagoras,
tried all ways which a witty and hard-hearted mother could
devife. . Sidney.
Evil could fhe conceal her fire, and wilfully perfevered
fhe in it. Sidney.
30 R Religion.
W 1 L
Religion is matter of our freeft choice ; and if men will
obftinately and wilfully fet themfelves againft it, there is no
remedy. Tillotfon’s Serm.
2.By deiign ; on purpofe.
1 hat will carry us, if we do not wilfully betray our fuccours,
through all difficulties. Hammond.
If you do not wifully pafs over any of your greater of¬
fences, but confefs particularly, and repent ferioufly of them,
God will more eafily pafs by your lefler infirmities. Bp TayU
This let him know ;
Left, wilfully offending, he pretend
Surprifal. Milton.
Wi'lfulness. n. f. [from wilful.'] Obftinacy; ftubbornnefs;
perverfenefs.
So full of wilfulnefs and felf-liking is our nature, that with¬
out fome definitive fentence, which being given, may hand*
fmall hope there is that ftrifes will end. Hooker.
Thy caufelefs ruth reprefs ;
He that his forrow fought through wilfulnefs,
And his foe fetter’d would releafe again,
Deferves to tafte his folly’s fruit. Fairy Queen.
Never hydra-headed wilfulnefs
So foon did lofe his feat, and all at once.
As in this king. Shakefpeare.
A ftiff and ftubborn obftinacy, is not fo much firmneis and
refolution, as wilfulnefs. L’EJlrange.
That is not haftily to be interpreted obftinacy or wilfulnefsy which is the natural produdt of their age. Locke.
Wi'lilv. adv. [from wily.] By ftratagem; fraudulently.
They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had
been ambaffadors. Jcf
Wili'ness. n.f. [from wily.] Cunning; guile.
The ungodly, for his own luft, doth perfecutc the poor :
let them be taken in the crafty wilinefs that they have ima¬
gined. . Pfalm x. 2.
She fupplied the weaknefs of force by wilinefs of art, and
advantage of treaty. How. Foe. Forejl.
WILL. n.f. [pilla, Saxon; wille, Dutch.]
I.Choice; arbitrary determination.
IVill is the power, which the mind has to order the confideration of any idea, or the forbearing to confider it, or to
prefer the motion of any part of the body to its reft, and vice
verfa. _ _ Locke's Works.
Two principal fountains there are of human actions, know¬
ledge and will; which willy in things tending towards any
end, is termed choice. Hooker, b. i.
Is it her nature, or is it her will.
To be fo cruel to an humble foe ?
If nature, then fhe may it mend with (kill;
If willy then (he at will may will forego. Spenfer.
Thefe things have a fhew of wifdom in will worfhip and
humility. Col. ii. 23.
Will holds the fceptre in the foul.
And on the paffions of the heart doth reign. Sir J. Dav.
The truth is, fuch a man underftands by his willy and be¬
lieves a thing true or falfe, merely as it agrees or difagrees
with a violent inclination ; and therefore, whilft that inclina¬
tion lafts in its ftrength, he dilcovers nothing of the different
degrees of evidence. Atterbury.
2. Difcretion ; choice.
Go then the guilty at thy will chaftize. Pope.
3. Command ; direction.
At his firft fight the mountains are ftiaken, and at his will
the fouth wind bloweth. Ecclef. xliii. 16.
4. Difpofition ; inclination ; defire.
I make bold to prefs upon you with fo little preparation.
Your welcome; what’s your will ? Shakefpeare.
He hath a willy he hath a power to perform. Drummond.
He faid, and with fo good a will to die,
Did to his bread the fatal point apply,
It found his heart. Dryden.
5. Power ; government. /
Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies. Pfal.
He had the will of his maid before he could go; he had
the maftery of his parents ever fince he could prattle; and
why, now he is grown up, muft he be reftrained ? Locke.
6. Divine determination.
I would give a thoufand furlongs of fea for an acre of
barren ground. The wills above be done ; but I would fain
die a dry death. Shakefpeare.
7. Teftament; difpofition of a dying man’s effects.
Another branch of their revenue ftill 1
Remains, beyond their boundlefs right to kill, C
I heir father yet ali,ve, impower’d to make a will. Dryd. j
Do men make their laft wills by word of mouth only?
Stephen’s Sermons.
8. Goon-will. favour; kindnefs.
I’ll to the dodtor, he hath my good-willy
And none but he to marry with Nan Page. Shake/p. .
9. Good-w//. Right intention.
Some preach Chrift of envy, and fome of good will.
Phil. i. 15.
W I L
t " • 1
10. lLt-wtll. Malice; malignity.
11. [Contracted from William.] Will with a wifp, Jack with
a lanthorn. *
Will with the wifp is of a round figure, in bignefs like th£
flame of a candle ; but fometimes broader, and like a bundle
of twigs fet on fire. It fometimes gives a brighter light than
that of a wax-candle; at other times more obfeure, and of
a purple colour. W hen viewed near at hand, it (hines lefs
than at a diftance. I hey wander about in the air, not far
from the (urface of the earth; and are more frequent in
places that are undtuous, mouldy, marftiy, and abounding
with reeds. They haunt burying places, places of execution,
dunghills. They commonly appear in fumnier, and at the
beginning of autumn, and are generally at the height of
about fix feet from the ground. Now they dilate them¬
felves, and now contradt. Now they go on like waves, and
rain as it were fparks of fire ; but they burn nothing. They
follow thofe that run away, and fly from thofe that follow
them. Some that have been catched were obferved to
confift of a finning, vifeous, and gelatinous matter, like the
fpawn of frogs, not hot or burning, but only fhining ; fo fhat
the matter feems to be phofphorus, prepared and raifed from
putrified plants or carcaffes by the heat of the fun ; which is
condenfed by the cold ofthe evening, and then (hines. Mufch.
Will-a-wifp niifleads night-faring clowns,
O’er hills and finking bogs. Gay.
To Will, y. a. {wilgariy Gothick ; pillan, Saxon ; willen,
Dutch.]
I. To defire that anything fhould be, or be done.
To willy is to bend our fouls to the having or doing of
that which they fee to be good. Hooker.
Let Richard be reftored to his blood.
As will the reft ; fo willeth Winchefter. Shakefpeare.
I (peak not of God’s determining his own will, but his pre¬
determining the adts of our will. There is as great difference
betwixt thefe two, as betwixt my willing a lawful thing myfelf, and my inducing another man to do that which is un¬
lawful. Hammond on Fundamentals.
Whofoever wills the doing of a thing, if the doing of it be
in his power, he will certainly do it; and whofoever' does
not do that thing, which he has in his power to do, does
not properly will it. South.
A man that fits ftill, is faid to be at liberty, becaufe he
can walk if he wills it. Locke.
2. To be inclined or refolved to have.
She’s too rough for me ;
There, there, Hortenfio, will you any wife ? Sbakefp.
3. To command ; to diredi.
St. Paul did will them of Corinth, every man to lay up
fomewhat on the Sunday, and to referve it in ftore for the
church of Jerufalem, for the relief of the peor there. Hooker•
How rarely does it meet with this time’s guife,
When man was willed to love his enemies. Sbakefp.
Our battle is more full of names than yours.
Our men more perfedt in the ufe of arms.
Our armours all as ftrong, our caufe the beft ;
Then reafon wills our hearts lhould be as good. Sbakefp.
Fie willed him to be of good comfort, prornifing to beftow upon him whatioever he fhould win. Knolles.
If they had any bufinefs, his Majefty willed that they
fhould attend. Clarendon.
’'Pis your’s, O queen 1 to will
The work, which duty binds me to fulfil. Dryden.
4. It has a loofe and flight fignification.
Let the circumftances of life be what, or w7here they will,
a man fhould never negledt improvement. Watts.
5. It is one of the figns of the future tenfe; of which it is
difficult to fhow or limit the fignification.
I will come. I am determined to come ; importing choice.
Thou wilt come. It muft be fo that thou muft come ; im¬
porting neceffity
Wilt thou come ? Haft thou determined to come ? import¬
ing choice.
He will come. He is refolved to come ; or it muft be that
he muft come, importing either choice or neceffity.
It will come. It muft fo be that it muft come; importing
neceffity.
The plural follows the analogy of the fingular.
Wi'lli and Vili, among the Englifh Saxons, as <viele at this
day among the Germans, fignified many. So willtelmus is
the defender of many : wifred, peace to many; which ate
anlwered in fenfe and fignification by Polymachus, Poly¬
crates, and Polyphilus. Gib. Camd.
Wi’li.ing. adj. [from will.]
1. Inclined to any thing.
He willing to pleafe one in authority, forced all his (kill to
make the refemblance ofthe beft fafhion. Wifd.
Some other able, and as willing, pays
The rigid fatisfadtion. Milton.
Can any man truft a better fupport under affliction, than
the friendfhip of Omnipotence, w ho is both able and willing,
and knows how to relieve him ? Bentley.
2. Pleated .
y
W I L W I N
i.Pleafed ; defirous.
3. Favourable; well difpofed to any thing.
As many as were willing hearted brought bracelets and
ear-rings. Ex. xxxv. 22.
4. Ready ; complying..
Religion hath force to qualify all forts of men, to make
governors the apter to rule with confcience, inferiors for con¬
fidence fake the willinger to obey; Hooker.
We’ve willing dames enough. Shakefpeare.
He ftoop’d with weary wings and willing feet. Milt.
5. Chofen.
They’re held with his melodious harmony.
In willing chains, and fweet captivity. Milton.
6. Spontaneous.
Forbear, if thou haft pity,
Thefe groans proceed not from a fenfelefs plant,
No fpouts of blood run willing from a tree. Dry den.
7. Confenting.
How can hearts not free ferve willing. Milton.
Wi'llingly. adv. [from will.]
1. W ith one’s own confent; without diflike ; without relu&ance.
That prefervation of peace and unity amongft Chriftian
churches fhould be by all good means procured, we join
moft willingly and gladly with them. Hooker.
I dare not make myfelf fo guilty.
To give up willingly that noble title
Your mafter wed me to. Shakefpeare.
This ranfbm, if my whole inheritance
May compafs, it (hall willingly be paid. Milton.
2. By one’s own defire.
The condition of that people is not fo much to be envied
as fome would willingly reprefent it. Addifon.
'•Willingness, n.f. [from willing.] Confent; freedom from
reluctance; ready compliance.
We praife the things we hear with much more willingnefs,
than thofe we fee ; becaufe we envy the prefent, and reve¬
rence the paft ; thinking ourfelves inftrudted by the one, and
overlaid by the other. Ben. Johnfon.
It is not doing good after that fame wonderful manner, that
Chrift’s example obligeth us unto, but to a like ivillingnefs and
readinefs to do good as far as our power reacheth. Calamy.
Force never yet a generous mind did gain ;
We yield on parley ; but are ftorm’d in vain ;
Conftraint, in all things, makes the pleafure lefs.
Sweet is the love which comes with willingnefs. Dryden.
Willow, n.f. [pelie, Saxon, falix, Lat. gwilou, Welfh.J A
tree worn by forlorn lovers.
It hath amentaceous flowers confifting of feveral ftamina,
which are colle&ed into a fpike but are barren. The embryoes are produced upon different trees from the male
flowers, and afterwards become a fruit or hulk, fhaped like a
cone, opening in two parts, and containing downy feeds. Mil.
I offered him my company to a willow tree, to make him
a garland, as being forfaken, to bind him up a rod, as being
worthy to be whipt. Shakefp.
In fuch a night
Stood Dido with a willow in her hand
Upon the wild fea banks. Shakefp.
Tell him, in hope he’ll prove a widower fhortly,
I wear the willow garland for his fake. Shakefpeare.
When heaven’s burning eye the Helds invades.
To marfhes he reforts, obfeur’d with reeds,
And hoary willows, which the moifture feeds. Sandy.
AfHiCied Ifrael fhall fit weeping down,
Their harps upon the neighb’ring willows hung.
Nor joyous hymn encouraging their tongue. Prior.
Wi'llowish. adj. [willom.] Refembling the colour of willow.
Make his body with greenifh coloured crewel, or willowijh
colour. Walton.
Wi'llowwort. n.f. A plant.
The flower confifts of feveral leaves, produced from the
inclofures of the flower-cup, placed circularly, and expanded
like arofe ; from the centre of the flower-cup rifes the pointal,
which becomes a fruit of two cells, full of fmall feeds, wrapped
up in the flower-cup. Miller.
Wl'LY. adj. [from wile.] Cunning; fly; full of ftratagem;
fraudulent.
They are fo cautelous and wily headed, efpecially being
men of fmall praCtice in law matters, that you would wonder
whence they borrow fuch fubtilities and ftiifts. Spenfcr.
In the wily fnake
Whatever flights, none would fufpicions mark
As from his wit, and native fubtilty
Proceeding. Milton s Pat. Lofl.
Since this lalfc, wily, doubling difpofition of,mind, is fo
intolerably mifehievous to fociety, God isfometimes pleafed,
in mere compaffion to men, to give them warning of it, by
fettins>- fome odd mark upon fuch Cains. South’j Seim.
My wily nurfe by long experience found,
And firft difeover’d to my foul its wound;
’Tis love faid fhe Dryden.
Wi'mble. n. f. [wimpel, old Dutch, from wcmelen, to bore.]
An inftrument with which holes are bored.
At hdrveft-home, trembling to approach
The little barrel, which he fears to broach :
He ’fays the wimble, often draws it back,
And deals to thirfty fervants but a fmack. Dryd
As when a fhipwright ftands his workmen o'er*
Who plye the wimble fome huge beam to bore ;
Urg’d on all hands it nimbly fpins about,
The grain deep-piercing till it fcoops it out. Pope.
The trepan is like a wimble, ufed by joiners. Sharp.
Wi'mble. adj. Active; nimble; fliifting to and fro. Such
feems to be the meaning here.
He was fo wimble and fo wight.
From bough to bough he leaped light.
And oft the pumies latched:
Therewith afraid I ran away j
But he that earft feem’d but to play,
A (haft in earneft fnatched. Spenfer.
Wi'mple. n. f [guimple, Fr.J A hood ; a veil. It is printed
in Spenfer perhaps by miftake wimble.
So fair and frefh, as faireft flower in May,
For {he had laid her mournful ftole afide.
And widow-like fad wimble thrown away. Fairy
The Lord will take away the changeable fuits of apparel,
and the wimples, and the crifping-pins. Ifrael ii. 22.
To Wimble, v. a. To draw down as a hood or veil.
The fame did hide.
Under a veil that ivimbled was full low. Fairy
Win. Whether initial or final in the names of men, may
either denote a mafeuline temper, from pin, which fignifies
in Saxon, war, ftrength, tAc. or elfe the general love and
efteem he hath among the people ; from the Saxon pine, i. e.
dear, beloved. In the name of places it implies a battle fought
there. Gibf
To Win. v. a. [Pret. wan and won; part. paf. won, pinna,
Saxon ; winnen, Dutch.]
1. To gain by conqueft.
The town of Gaza where the enemy lay encamped, was
not fo ftrong but it might be won. Knoxes.
His whole defeent, who thus fhall Canaan win. Milton.
Follow chearful to the trembling town ;
Prefs but an entrance, and prefume it won. Dryden.
2. To gain the vidory in a conteft.
Loyalty is {till the fame
Whether it win or lofe the game :
True as the dial to the fun,
Altho’ it be not fhin’d upon. Hudihras, b. iff.
I five years at Tarentum wan
The queftorfhip, and then our love began. Denham.
Thy well breath’d horfe
Impels the flying car and wins the courfe. Drrd.
3. To gain fomething withheld.
* Refolv’d to win, he meditates the way,
By force to ravifh, or by fraud betray. Pope.
4. To obtain.
Thy virtue wan me 5 with virtue preferve me; Doft thou
love me ? Keep me then (till worthy to be beloved. Sidney.
When you fee my fon, tell him, that his fword can never
win the honour that he lofes. Shakefpeare.
Devililh Macbeth
By many of thefe trains hath fought to win me. Shak.
5. To gain by play.
He had given a difagreeable vote in parliament, for which
reafon not a man would have fo much correfpondence with
him as to win his money. Addifon.
6. To gain by perfuafion.
They win great numbers to receive
With joy the tidings brought from heav’n. Milton.
7. To gain by courtfhip.
She’s beautiful; and therefore to be woo’d ;
She is a woman, therefore to be won. Shakefp.
That flood witnefs’d his inconftant flame,
When thus he fwore, and won the yielding dame. Gay.
To Win. v. n.
1. To gain the vidory.
Nor is it ought but juft,
That he who in debate of truth hath wort.
Should win in arms. Miltort.
2. To gain influence or favour.
You exprefs yourfelf very defirous to wirt upon the judg¬
ment of your mafter, and not upon his affections only. Bacon.
You have a lbftnefs and beneficence winning on the hearts
of others. Drydert.
Thy words like mufick every breaft controul;
Steal thro’ the air, and win upon the foul. Pope.
3. To gain ground.
The rabble will in time win upon power. Shakefp.
4. To be conqueror or gainer at play.
Charles I will play no more to night;
My mind’s not on’t, you are too hard for me.
— Sir, I did never win of you before.
—But little, Charles;
Nor fhall not when my fancy’s on my play* Shak.
To
W I N
To Wince, v. n. [gwingo, Welfh,] To kick as impatient of a
rider, or of pain.
I will fit as quiet as a lamb,
t will notftir, nor wince, nor fpeak a word. Shakefp.
Room, room, for my horfe will wince,
If he came within fo many yards of a prince. B. johnf.
The angry beaft did ftraight refent
The wrong done to his fundament,
Began to kick, and fling, and wince,
As if h’had been befide his fenfe. Hudibras.
Winch, n. f. [guineber, French, to twift.] A windlace j
fomething held in the hand by which a wheel or cylinder is
turned.
Put a winch with the wheel. Men timer.
To Winch, v. a. [The fame with wince, or perhaps from
guineber, French, to twijlwinch fignifying fometimes to
writhe or contort the body.] To kick with impatience ; to
fhrink from any uneafinefs.
We who have free fouls,
It touches not, let the gall’d jade winch ;
Our withers are unwrung. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Have thefe bones rattled, and this head
So often in thy quarrel bled !
Nor did I ever winch or grudge it. Hudibras.
This laft allufion gaul’d the panther more ;
Yet feem’d fhe not to winch, tho’ fhrewdly pain’d. Dryd.
Their confciences are gall’d, and this makes them winch
and fling, as if they had fome mettle. Tillotfon.
Wi'ncopipe. «. J.
There is a fmall red flower in the ftubble-fields, which
country people call the wincopipe; which if it open in the
morning, you may be fure, a fair day will follow. Bacon.
Wind. n. j. [pinb,. Saxon; wind, Dutch; gwynt, Welfh.]
1. Wind is when any tra& of air moves from the place it is
in, to any other, with an impetus that is fenfible to us,
wherefore it was not ill called by the antients, a fwifter courfe
of air ; a flowing wave of air; a flux, effufion, or ftream of
•§ir. Mufchenbrcek.
The worthy fellow is our general. He’s the rock, the oak
not to be wind fhaken. Shak. Coriolanus.
Love’s heralds fhould be thoughts,
Which ten times fafter glides than the fun beams.
Driving back fhadows over low’ring hills.
Therefore do nimble-pinion’d doves draw love;
And therefore hath the wind-fwift Cupid wings. Shak.
Falmouth lieth farther out in the trade way, and fo ofFereth a
fooner opportunity to wzW-driven fhips than Plymouth. Carew.
Wind is nothing but a violent motion of the air, produced
by its rarefadtion, more in one place than another, by the funbeams, the attractions of the moon, and the combinations of
the earth’s motions. Cheyne.
2. Direction of the blaft from a particular point. As eaftward ;
weftward.
I’ll give thee a wind.
I myfelf have all the other,
And the very points they blow ;
All the quarters that they know
T’ th’ ftfipman’s card. Shakefp. Macbeth.
3. Breath ; power or act of refpiration.
If my wind were but long enough to fay my prayers, I
would repent. Shakefp.
His wind he never took whilft the cup was at his mouth,
but juftly obferv’d the rule of drinking with One breath. Hake.
The perfume of the flowers, and their virtues to cure fhortnefs of wind in purfy old men, feems to agree moft with
the orange. _ ‘Temple.
It ftop’d at once the paflage of his wind,
And the free foul to flitting air refign’d. Dryden.
4. Air caufed by any action.
On each fide her
Stood pretty dimpled boys, like finding Cupids
With divers colour’d fans, whofe wind did feem
To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool. Shakefp.
In an organ, from one blaft of wind.
To many a row of pipes the found-board breathes. Milt.
5. Breath modulated by an inftrument.
Where the air is pent, there breath or other blowing,
which carries but a gentle percuflion, fuffices to create found ;
as in pipes and wind inftruments. Bacon.
Their inftruments were various in their kind.
Some for the bow, and fome for breathing wind. Dryden.
6. Air impregnated with feent.
A hare had long efcap’d purfuing hounds,
By often fhifting into diftant grounds,
Till finding all his artifices vain.
To fave his life, he leap’d into the main.
But there, alas! he could no fafety find,
A pack of dog-fifh had him in the wind. Swift.
7. Flatulence; windinefs.
It turns
Wifdom to folly, as nourifhment to wind. Milton.
W I N
8. Any thing infignificant or light as wind.
Think not with wind of airy threats to awe. Milton.
9. DoWn the Wind. To decay.
A man that had a great veneration for an image in his
houfe, found that the more he prayed to it to profper him in
the world, the more he went down the wind ftill. L’EJlrange.
10. To take or have the Wind. To gain or have the upper-hand.
Let a king in council beware how he opens his own in¬
clinations too much, for elfe counfellors will but take the
wind of him; inftead of giving free counfel. Bacon.
To Wind. v. a. [pinban, Sax. tuinden, Dutch, from the noun.]
1. To blow; to found by inflation.
The fquire ’gan nigher to approach,
And wind his horn under the caftle wall,
That with the noife it fhook as it would fall. F. §>.
Every Triton’s horn is winding.
Welcome to the wat’ry plain. Dryden.
Ye vig’rous fwains ! while youth ferments your blood.
Wind the fhrill horn, or fpread the waving net. Pope.
2. To turn round ; to twift.
Nero could touch and time the harp well ; but in govern¬
ment fometimes he ufed to wind the pins too high, and fome¬
times let them down too low. Bacon.
The figure of a fturdy woman done by Michael Angelo,
wafhing and winding of linen cloaths, in which a6t (he
wrings out the water that made the fountain. Wotton.
Wind the wood-bine round this arbour. Milton.
3. To regulate in adlion.
He vaulted with fuch eafe into his feat.
As if an angel dropt down from the clouds,
To turn and wind a firy pegafus.
And witch the world with noble horfemanfhip. Shak.
In a commonwealth or realm.
The government is call’d the helm;
With which, like veflels under fail.
They’re turn’d and winded by the tail. Hudibras.
4. To nofe ; to follow by feent.
5. To turn by fhifts or expedients.
Whence turning of religion’s made
The means to turn and wind a trade. Hudibras.
6. To introduce by infinuation.
You have contriv’d to take
From Rome all feafon’d offices, and to wind
Yourfelf into a power tyrannical. Shakef. Coriolanus.
Edmund, feek him out, wind me into him, frame the bufinefs after your own wifdom. Shakef. King Lear.
Little arts and dexterities they have to wind in fuch things
into difeourfe. Government ofthe Tongue.
7. To change.
Were our legiflature veiled in the prince, he might wind
and turn our conftitution at his pleafure, and fhape our go¬
vernment to his fancy. Addijon.
8. To entwift; to enfold; to encircle.
Sleep thou and I will wind thee in my arms. Shak.
You know me well, and herein fpend but time
To wind about my love with circumftance. Shakefp.
Sometime am I
All wound with adders who with cloven tongues
Do hifs me into madnefs. Shakefp.
9. To Wind out. To extricate.
When he found himfelf dangeroufly embarked he bethought
himfelf of all poffible ways to difentangle himfelf, and to wind
himfelf out of the labyrinth he was in. Clarendon.
10. To Wind up. To bring to a fmall compafs, as a bottom
of thread.
Without folemnly winding up one argument, and intimat¬
ing that he began another, he lets his thoughts,which were fully
poflefled of the matter, run in one cpntinued ftrain. Locke.
11. To Wind up. [Ufed of a watch] To convolve the fpring;
to put in order to a certain end.
I frown the while, and perchance wind up my watch, or
play with fome rich jewel. Shakefp.
Fate feemed to wind him up for fourfeore years.
Yet frefhly ran he on, ten winters more :
Till like a clock worn out with calling time,
The wheels of weary life at laft flood ftill. Dryd.
Will not the author of the univerfe, having made an au¬
tomaton, which can wind up itfelf, fee whether it hath flood
ftill, or gone true. Grew.
12. To Wind up. To raife by degrees.
Thefe he did fo wind up to his purpofe that they with¬
drew from the court. Hayward.
When they could not coolly convince him, they railed,
and called him an heretick: thus they wound up his temper
to a pitch, and treacheroufly made ufe ofthat infirmity. Ater.
13. To Wind up. To ftraiten a firing by turning that on
which it is rolled ; to put in tune.
Hylas ! why fit we mute.
Now that each bird faluteth the fpring l
Wind up the flacken’d firings of thy lute,
Never canft thou want matter to fing. IFaller.
The
W I N
Your lute may wind its firings but little higher
To tune their notes to that immortal quire. Prior.
25. To Wind up. To put in order for regular aCtion : from a
watch.
O you kind gods !
Cure this great breach of his abufed nature ;
Th’ untun’d and jarring fenfes, O, windups
Of this child changed father. Shakefp.
The weyrd fillers, hand in hand.
Pollers of the fea and land.
Thus do go about, about.
Thrice to thine, and thrice to mine.
And thrice again to make up nine:
Peace, the charm s wound up. Shakefp, Macbeth.
To Wind. v. n.
1. To turn; to change.
So fwift yourjudgments turn and wind,
You call our fleeteft wits a mile behind. Dryden.
2. To turn; to be convolved.
Some plants can fupport themfelves, and fome others creep
along the ground, or wind about other trees, and cannot fup¬
port themfelves. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
Stairs of a folid newel fpread only upon onefmall newel, as
the feveral folds of fans fpread about their center; but thefe,
becaufe they fometimes wind, and fometimes fly off from that
winding, take more room up in the ftair-cafe. Moxon.
3. To move round.
If aught obfiruCl thy courfe, yet Hand not ftill,
But wind about, ’till thou haft topp’d the hill. Denham.
4. To proceed in flexures.
It lhall not wind with fuch a deep indent.
As rob me of fo rich a bottom here. Shakefpeare.
He winds with eafe
Through the pure marble air his oblique way,
Amongft innumerable ftars. Milton’s Paradife Lojl.
It was a rock winding with one afeent. Milton.
The filver Thames, her own domeftick flood.
Shall bear her veffels, like a fweeping train ;
And often wind, as of his miftrefs proud.
With longing eyes to meet her face again. Dryden.
You that can fearch thofe many corner’d minds.
Where woman’s crooked fancy turns and winds. Dryden.
Still fix thy eyes intent upon the throng,
And, as the paffes open, wind along. Gay.
Swift attending from the azure wave.
He took the path that winded to the cave. Pope.
5. To be extricated ; to be difentangled.
Long lab’ring underneath, ere they could wind
Out of fuch prifon. Milton.
Wi'ndbound. adj. [wind and bound.'] Confined by contrary
winds.
Yet not for this the windbound navy weigh’d ;
Slack were their fails, and Neptune diiobey’d. Dryden.
When I beftir myfelf, it is high fea in his houfe ; and when
I fit ftill, his affairs forfooth are windbound. Addijon’s Spediat.
Is it reafonable that our Englifh fleet, which ufed to be the
terror of the ocean, fhould be windbound ? Spectator.
Wi'ndegg. n. f An egg not impregnated; an egg that does
not contain the principles of life.
Sound eggs fink, and fuch as are addled fwim; as do alfo
thofe termed hypeneinia, or windeggs. Brow?is Vulgar Errours.
Wi'nder. n.f. [from wind.]
1. An inftrument or perfon by which any thing is turned
round.
To keep troublefome fervants out of the kitchen, leave the
winder flicking on the jack to fall on their heads. Swift.
2. A plant that tvvifts itfelf round others.
Plants that put forth their fap haftily, have their bodies not
proportionable to their length ; and therefore they are winders
and creepers, as ivy and bryony. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
Windfall, n J. [wind and fall] Fruit blown down from
the tree.
Gather now, if ripe, your Winter fruits, as apples, to
prevent their falling by the great winds; alfo gather your
windfalls. Evelyns Kalendar.
Wi'ndflower. n.f. The anemone. A flower.
Wi'ndgalp. n.f [wind and gall.]
IVindgalls are foft, yielding, flatulent tumours or bladders,
full of corrupt jelly, which grow upon each fide of the fet¬
lock joints, and are fo painful in hot weather and hard ways,
that they make a horfe to halt. They are caufed by violent
{training, or by a horfe’s {landing on a Hoping floor, or from
extreme labour and heat, or by blows. Farrier’s Didt.
His horfe infeCted with the fafhion-, full of windgalls, and
fped with fpavins. Shakefp. Taming of the Shrew.
Wi'nogun. n.f [wind and gun.] Gun which difeharges the
bullet by means of wind compreffed.
The windgun is charged by the forcible compreflion of air,
being injeCted through a fyringe; the ftrife and diftention of
the imprifoned air ferving, by the help of little falls or (huts
within, to flop and keep clofe the vents by which it was ad¬
mitted. Wilkins’s Math. Magick.
W I N
Forc’d from windguns, lead itfelf can fly.
And wond’rous flugs cut fwiftly through the Iky. Pope.
Wi'ndiness. n.f. [from windy.]
1. Eulnefs of wind; flatulence.
A windinefs and puffing up of your ftomach after dinner,
and in the morning. . Harvey on Confumptions.
Orifices are prepared for the letting forth of the rarefied
fpirits in ru&us, or windinej), the common effeCls of all fer¬
mented liquors. Floyer on the Humours.
2. Tendency to generate wind.
Sena lofeth fomewhat of its windinefs by decoding; and,
generally, fubtile or windy fpirits are taken oft by incenfion
or evaporation. Bacon’s Natural Hijlory.
3. Tumour; puffinefs.
From this his modeft and humble charity, virtues which
rarely cohabit with the fwelling windinefs of much knowledge,
iffued this. Brerewood on Languages.
Wi'nding. n.f. [from wind.] Flexure; meander.
It was the ple.afanteft voyage in the world to follow the
windings of this river Inn, through fuch a variety of pleafing
feenes as the courfe of it naturally led us. Addifon on Italy.
The ways of heav’n axe dark and intricate;
Our underftanding traces them in vain.
Nor fees with how much art the windings run,
Nor where the regular confufion ends. Addifon’s Cato.
WVndingsheet. n.f. [wind and Jheet.J A fheet in which
the dead are enwrapped.
Thefe arms of mine fhall be thy windingJheet;
My heart, fweet boy, fhall be thy fepulchre;
For from my heart thine image ne’er fhall go. Shak H. VI.
The great windingjheets, that bury all things in oblivion, are
deluges and earthquakes. Bacon.
The chafte Penelope, having, as fire thought, loft Ulyffes at
fea, employed her time in preparing a zuindingfeet for Laertes,
the father of her hufband. Spedlator.
Wi'ndlass. n.f. [wind and lace.]
1. A handle by which a rope or lace is wrapped together round
a cylinder. %
2. A handle by which anything is turned.
Thus do we of wifdom and of reach,
With windlajfes, and with affays of byas,
By indirections find directions out. Shakefp. Hamlet.
Wi'ndle. n.f. [fromTo wind.] A fpindle. Ainfwortb.
Wi'ndmill; n.f. [wind and mill.J A mill turned by the
wind.
We like Don Qifxote do advance
Againft a windmill our vain lance. Waller.
Such a failing chariot might be more conveniently framed
with moveable fails, whofe force may be impreffed from their
motion, equivalent to thofe in a windmill. Wilkins.
Windmills grind twice the quantity in an hour that water¬
mills do. Mortimer’s Hufband)y.
His fancy has made a giant of a windmill, and he’s now
t engaging it. . F. Atterbury.
Window, n.f [vindue, Danifh. Skinner thinks it originally
wind-door.]
1. An aperture in a building by which air and light are intro¬
mitted.
Being one day at my window all alone.
Many ilrange things happened me to fee. Spenfer.
A fair view her window yields,
The town, the river, and the fields. Waller.
He through a little window call his fight.
Though thick of bars that gave a fcanty light;
But ev’n that glimmering ferv’d him to defcry
Th’ inevitable charms of Emily. Dryden.
When you leave the windows open for air, leave bo ks on
the window-feat, that they may get air too. Swif..
2. 1 he frame of glafs or any other materials that covers the
aperture.
To thee I do commend my watchful foul.
Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes :
Sleeping or waking, oh defend me ftill ! Shakefp. R. III.
In the fun’s light, let into my darkened chamber'through a
finall round hole in my window-fhuttex, at about ten or twelve
feet from the window, I placed a lens. Newton's Opt.
3. Lines crofting each other.
The fav’rite, that juft begins to prattle,
Is very humorfome, and makes great clutter,
’Fill he has windows on his bread and butter. King.
4. An aperture refembling a window.
ToWi'ndow. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To furnifli with windows.
Between thefe half columns above, the whole room was
windowed round. Wotton’s A'chitefiure.
With pert flat eyes file window'd well its head,
A brain of feathers, and a heart of lead. Pope’s Dunciad.
2. To place at a window.
Would’ft thou be zvind.w’d in 2reat Rome, and fee
I by mafier thus with pleacht arms, bending down
His corrigible neck, his face fubdu’d
To penetrative Ihame ? Shakcf. Ad. and Cleopatra.
3° $ 3. To
W I N
3.To break into openings.
Poor naked wretches, wherefoe’er you are.
That bide the pelting of this pitilefs ftorm,
How Ihal! your houfelefs heads, and unfed fides.
Your loop’d and window’d raggednefs, defend you
From feafons fuch as thefe? Sbak. King Lear.
Wi'ndpipe. n.f [wind and pipe.] The paffage for the breath;
the a/pera arteria.
Let gallows gape for dogs, let man go free,
And let not hemp his windpipe fuffocate. Shake/. H. V.
The wezzon, rough artery, or windpipe, is a part infervient
to voice and refpiration: thereby the air defcendeth unto the
lungs, and is communicated unto the heart. Brown.
The quacks of government, who fat
At th’ unregarded helm of ftate,
Confider’d timely how t’ withdraw.
And fave their windpipes from the law. Hudibras.
Becaufe continual refpiration is neceffary for the fupport of
our lives, the windpipe is made with annulary cartilages. Ray.
The windpipe divides itfelf into a great number of branches,
called bronchia: thefe end in fmall air-bladders, capable to be
inflated by the admiflion of air, and to fubfide at the expulfion of it. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Wi'ndward. A [from wind.] Towards the wind.
Wi'ndy. adj. [from wind.]
I.Confuting of wind.
See what fhowers arife.
Blown with the windy tempeft of my foul
Upon thy wounds, that kill mine eyes and heart. Shakefp.
Subtile or windy fpirits are taken off by incenlion or evapo¬
ration. Bacon.
1. Next the wind.
Lady, you have a merry heart.
*-Yes, my lord, I thank it, poor fool.
It keeps on the windy fide of care. Shake/peare.
3. Empty; airy.
Why fhould calamity be full of words ?
. Windy attorneys to their client Woes,
Poor breathing orators of miferies. Shah. Rich. III.
What windyjoy this day had I conceiv’d.
Hopeful of his deliv’ry, which now proves
Abortive as the firft-born bloom of Spring,
Nipt with the lagging rear of Winter’s froft. Milton.
Look, here’s that windy applaufe, that poor tranfitory pleafure, for which I was dishonoured. South.
Of ev’ry nation, each illuftrious name
Such toys as thefe have cheated into fame.
Exchanging folid quiet to obtain
The windy fatisfadtion of the brain. Dryden's Juvenal.
4. Tempeftuous; molefted with wind.
On this windy fea of land the fiend
Walk’d up and down. Milton.
It is not bare agitation, but the fediment at the bottom,
that troubles and defiles the water; and when we fee it windy
and dufty, the wind does not make but only raife duff. South.
5. Puffy; flatulent.
In fuch a windy colic, water is the beft remedy after a furfeit of fruit. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Wine. n.f. [pin, Saxon; vinn, Dutch.]
1. The fermented juice of the grape.
The wine of life is drawn, and the meer lees
Is left this vault to brag of. Shake/p. Macbeth.
Do not fall in love with me j
For I am falfer than vows made in wine. Shake/.
The increafe of the vineyards for the wine-cellars. Chron.
Be not amongft wine-bibbers, amongft riotous eaters. Prov.
Thy garments like him that treadeth in the wine-fat. J/.
They took old facks upon their affes, and zw«*-botties old
and rent, and bound up. Jo/ ix. 4.
Where the wine-prefs is hard wrought, it yields a harfh
wine that taftes of the grape-ftone. Bacon.
His troops on my ftrong youth like torrents rufht;
As in a wine-prefs, Judah’s daughter crufht. Sandys.
With large zc/w-offerings pour’d, and facred feaft. Milt.
Shall I, to pleafe another zww-fprung mind,
Lofe all mine own ? God hath giv’n me a meafure.
Short of his canne and body: muft I find
A pain in that, wherein he finds a pleafure? Herbert.
The firftlings of the flock are doom’d to die j
Rich fragrant wines the cheering bowl fupply. Pope.
If the hogfhead falls Ihort, the uw^-cooper had not filled it
in proper time. Swift’s Directions to the Butler.
2. Preparations of vegetables by fermentations, called by the
general name of wines, have quite different qualities from the
plant; for no fruit, taken crude, has the intoxicating quality
of wine. Arbuthnot.
WING. n. /. jgehping, Saxon; winge, Daniflb.]
I. The limb of a bird by which flic flies.
As Venus’bird, the white fwift lovely dove,
Doth on her wings her utmoft fwiftnefs prove.
Finding the gripe of falcon fierce not fur. Sidney.
W I N
Ignorance is the curfe of God,
Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heav’n. Shake/p.
An eagle ftirreth up her neff, fpreadeth abroad her unngs>
taketh them, and heareth them on her wings. Deut. xxxii.
A fpleenlefs wind foftretcht
Her wings to waft us, and fo urg’d our keel. Chapman.
I he prince of augurs, Helitherfes, rofe;
Prefcient he view’d th’ aerial tratfs, and drew
A fure prefage from ev’ry wing that flew. Pope’s Odyffey.
2. A fan to winnow.
Wing, cartnave, and bufhel, peek, ready at hand. Puffer.
3. Flight; paffage by the wing.
Light thickens, and the crow
Makes wing to th’ rooky wood:
Good things of day begin to droop and drowze.
While night’s black agents to their prey do rouze. Shah.
Thy affections hold a wing •
Quite from the flight of all thy anceftors. Shake/p. H. IV.
I have purfued her as love hath purfued me, on the wing of
all occafions. Shakefp. Merry Wives 0/ Wind/or.
While pafilon is upon the wing, and the man fully engaged
in the profecution of fome unlawful objedt, no remedy or controul is to be expedted from his reafon. South.
You are too young your power to underftand;
Lovers take wing upon the leaft command. Dryden.
And ftraight, with in-born vigour, on the wing,
Like mounting larks, to the new morning fing. Dryden.
Then life is on the wing; then moft fhe finks,
When moft fhe feems reviv’d. Smith’s Phcedra and Hippol.
4. The motive of flight.
Fearful commenting
Is leaden fervitor to dull delay ;
Delay leads impotent and fnail-pac’d beggary :
Then fiery expedition be my wing,
Jove’s Mercury, and herald for a king. Shake/p. R. IIT.
5. The fide bodies of an army.
The footmen were Germans, to whom were joined as wings
certain companies of Italians. Knolles's Hijt. of the Turks.
The left wing put to flight,
The chiefs o’erborn, he rufhes on the right. Dryden.
6. Any fide piece.
The plough moft proper for ftiff black clays is long, large,
and broad, with a deep head and a fquare earth-board, the
coulter long and very little bending, with a very large wing.
Mortimer’s Hu/bandry.
To Wing. v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To furnifti with wings; to enable to fly.
The fpeed of gods
Time counts not, tho’ with fwifteft minutes wing'd. Milt.
Who knows but he, whofe hand the lightning forms.
Who heaves old ocean, and who wings theftorms.
Pours fierce ambition in a Cadar’s mind,
Or turns young Ammon loofe to fcourge mankind. Pope.
2. To fupply with fide bodies.
We ourfelf will follow
In the main battle, which on either fide
Shall be well winged with our cbiefeft horfe. Shake/. R. III.
To Wing, v. n. To pafs by flight.
I, an old turtle.
Will wing me to fome wither’d bough, and there
My mate, that’s never to be found again,
Lament ’till I am loft. Shake/peare’s Winter’s Tale.
Warm’d with more particles of heav’nly flame, 1
He wing d his upward flight, and foar’d to fame; >
The reft remain’d below, a crowd without a name. Dryd. j
Struck with the horrour of the fight,
She turns her head, and wings her flight. Prior.
From the Meotis to the northern fea.
The goddefs wings her defp’rate way. Prior.
Wi'nged. adj. [from wing.] Furniftied with wings; flying;
fwift; rapid.
Now we bear the king
Tow’rd Calais: grant him there, and there being feen.
Heave him away upon your winged thoughts
Athwart the fea. Shake/peare's Henry V.
Hie, good fir Michael, bear this fealed brief
With winged hafte to the lord marfhal. Shake/. H. IV.
And fhall grace not find means, that finds her way.
The fpeedieft of thy winged meflengcrs,
To vifit all thy creatures ? Milton’s Paradi/e Lojl. .
We can fear no force
But winged troops, or Pegafean horfe. • Jlraller.
The tvinged lion’s not fo fierce in fight.
As Lib’ri’s hand prefents him to our fight. Waller.
The cockney is lurprifed at many actions of the quadruped
and winged animals in the fields. Watts.
Wingedpea'. n f [oebrus, Larin.] A plant.
It hath a papilionaceous flower, out of whofe empalement
rifes the pointal, which afterwards becomes a pod, for the
moft part round and cvlindrical, filled with roundilh leeds.
Miller.
Wi'ngshell.
WIN
Wi'ngshell. n.f. \wing and Jhelt.] The fhell that covers
the wing of infers.
The long-fhelled goat-chafFer is above an inch long, and the
wing/hells of themfelves an inch, and half an inch broad ; fo
deep as to come down below the belly on both Tides. Grew.
Wi'ngy. adj. [from wing.] Having wings.
They fpring together out, and fwiftly bear
The flying youth through clouds and yielding air;
With w'tngy fpeed out-ftrip the eaftern wind.
And leave the breezes of the morn behind. Addi/on.
To WINK. v. n. [ptncean, Saxon ; wincken, Dutch.]
1. To fhut the eyes.
Let’s fee thine eyes ; wink now, now open them :
In my opinion, yet, thou fee’ll: not well. Sbak. Hen. VI.
They’re fairies ; he that fpeaks to them lhall die:
I’ll wink and couch; no man their fports mull: eye. Sbak.
His falfe cunning
Taught him to face me out of his acquaintance.
And grew a twenty years removed thing.
While one would wink. Shake/ Twelfth Night.
He with great imagination.
Proper to madmen, led his pow’rs to death,
And, winkingy leap’d into deftruCtion. Shake/. H. IV.
In defpite of all this, he runs foolifhly into his fin and ruin,
merely bccaufe he winks hard, and rulhes violently like a horfe
into the battle. Taylcfr.
The Scripture reprefents wicked men as without underftanding; not that they are deftitute of the natural faculty:
they are not blind, but they wink. _ Tillotjbn.
If any about them Ihould make them think there is any dif¬
ference between being in the dark and winking, get it out of
their minds. Locke.
2. To hint, or direCt by the motion of the eyelids.
You faw my mailer wink and laugh upon you. Shake/p.
Send him a fpoon when he wants a knife : wink at the foot¬
man to leave him without a plate. Swift.
3. To dole and exclude the light.
Whije Hermes pip’d and fung, and told his tale,
The keeper’s winking eyes began to fail.
And drowfy Humber on the lids to creep,
’Till all the watchman was at length alleep. Dryden.
When you fhoot, and Ihut one eye.
You cannot think he would deny
To lend the t’other friendly aid, .
Or zvinky as coward, and afraid. Prior.
jl. To connive ; to feem not to fee; to tolerate.
They be better content with one that will wink at their
faults, than with him that will reprove them. Whitgifte.
I, for winking at your difcords too.
Have loft a brace of kinfmen. Shak. Romeo and/uliet.
Let not night fee my black and deep defires ;
The eye wink at the hand ! Shake/p. Macbeth.
The king gave him great gifts, and winked at the great fpoil
of Bofworth-field, which came almoft wholly to this man’s
hands. Bacon’s Henry VII.
Let us not write at a Loofe rambling rate.
In hope the world will wink at all our faults. Ro/common.
Some faults of courfe with childhood end ; 1
We therefore wink at wags, when they offend, >
And fpare the boy, in hopes the man may mend. Dryden. J
Obftinacy cannot be winked at, but muft be fubdued, Locke.
Cato is ftern, and awful as a god :
He knows not how to wink at human frailty,
Or pardon weaknefs that he never felt. Addi/on s Cato.
5. To be dim.
The fullen tyrant flept not all the night.
But, lonely walking by a winking light, _
Sobb’d, wept and groan’d, and beat his wither d bread. Dry.
Wink, n. f. [from the verb.]
1. Ad of clofing the eye.
You doing thus.
To the perpetual vaink for ay might put
This ancient moral. Shake/peare’s Tempefl.
At every wink of an eye Tome new grace will be born. Shak.
Since I receiv’d command to do this bufinefs,
I have not flept one wink. Shake/. Cymbeline.
The beams fo reverend and ftrong,
Do’ft thou not think
I could eclipfe and cloud them with a wink,
But that I would not lofe her fight fo long ? _ Donne.
It raged fo all night, that I could not fleep a wink. Tempk.
Not write ! but then I think;
And for my foul I cannot fleep a wink. Pope.
2. A hint given by motion of the eye.
Her wink each bold attempt forbids. Sidney.
The ftockjobber thus from ’Change-a’ley goes down,
And tips you the freeman a wink;
Let me have but your vote to ferve for the town,
And here is a guinea to drink. _ Swift.
Wi'nker. n.f [from wink.'] One who winks.
A let of nodders, winkers, and whilperers, whole blihnels
is to ft; angle all others offspring of wit in thcii birth. 1 ope.
W I N
Wi'nkincly. adv. [from winking.'] With the eye alntoft
clofed.
If one beholdeth the light, he vieweth it winkingly, as tbofe
do that are purblind ; but it any thing that is black, he looketh
upon it with a broad and full eye. Peacbam on Draiving.
Wi'nner.n.f [from win.] One who wins.
A gamefter, having loft all, borroweth of his next fellowgamefter fomewhat to maintain play; wnich he letting unto
him again, fhortly thereby winneth all from the winner.
Spenfer. .
Go together,
You precious winners all; your exultation
Partake to every one. Shakef. Wintei’s Tale.
Belhrew the winners ; for they play’d me falfe. Shakefp.
Whether the winner laughs or no, the lofer will complain;
and rather than quarrel with his own (kill, will do it at the
dice. Temple.
Winning, participial adj. [from win ] Attractive; charming.
Yet lefs fair,
Lefs winning foft, lefs amiably mild,
Than that finooth wat’ry image. Milton’s Paradi/e Lcjl.
On her, as queen,
A pomp of winning graces waited ftill;
And from about her fhot darts of delire
Into all eyes, to wifli her ftill in fight. Milt. Parad. LoR.
Cato’s foul
Shines out in every thing fhe aCts or fpeaks.
While Winning mildnefs and attractive fmiles
Dwell in her looks, and with becoming grace
Soften the rigour of her father’s virtues. Addi/on’s Cato.
Wi'nning. n.f. [from win.] Thefumwon.
A fimile in one of Congreve’s prologues compares a writer
to a buttering gamefter, that ftakes all his winnings upon every
call:; fo that if he lofes the laft throw, he is lure t,o be un¬
done. Addi/on’s Freeholder.
To Wi'nnow. v. a. [pm&puan, Saxon; evanno, Latin.]
1. To feparate by means of the wind; to part the grain from
the chaff.
Were our royal faith martyrs in love,
We fhall be winnovSd with fo tough a wind.
That even our corn fhall feem as light as chaff,
And good from bad find no partition. Shake/p. Hen. IV.
In the fun your golden grain difplay.
And thrafh it out and winnow it by day. Dryden’s Virgil.
2. To fan ; to beat as with wings.
Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan
Winnows the buxom air. Milton’s Paradi/e Loft.
3. To fift; to examine.
Winnow well this thought, and you fhall find
’Tis light as chaff that flies before the wind. Dryden.
4. To feparate; to part.
Bitter torture fhall
Winnow the truth from falfhood. Shake/p. Cymbeline.
To Wi'nnow. v. n. To part corn from chaff.
Winnow not with every wind, and go not into every way.
Ecclus v. 9.
Winnower, n / [from winnow.] He who winnows.
Wl'NTER. n.f. [pineeji, Saxon; winter, Danifh, German,
and Dutch.] The cold feafon of the year.
Though he were already ftept into the winter of his age,
he found himfelf warm in thofe defires, which were in his fon
far more excufeable. " Sidney.
After Summer evermore fucceeds
The barren Winter with his nipping cold. Shak. Hen. VI.
Thofe flaws and ftarts
Irnpoftors brow to fear, would well become
A woman’s ftory at a Winter’s fire. Shake/p. Macbeth.
He hath bought a pair of call: lips of Diana : a nun of Win¬
ter’s. fifterhood kiffes not more religioufly ; the very ice of chaftity is in them. Shake/p. As you like it.
The two beneath the diftant poles complain
Of endlefs Winter and perpetual rain. Dryden.
Lieft thou afleep beneath thofe hills of fnow ?
Stretch out thy lazy limbs; awake, awake.
And Winter from thy furry mantle fhnke. Dryden.
Suppole our poet was your foe before.
Yet now, the bus’nefs of the field is o’er,
’Tis time to let your civil wars alone,
When troops are into Winter-quartets gone. Dryden.
He that makes no reflexions on what he reads, only loads
his mind with arhapfody of tales, fit in Winter-nights for the
entertainment of others. Locke.
The republick have fent to prince Eugene to defire the em¬
peror’s protection, with an offer of Winter-quarters for four
thoufand Germans. Addi/on on Italy.
Stern Winter fmiles on that aufpicious clime,
The fields are florid with unfading prime. Pope.
To define Winter, 1 confider firft wherein it agrees with
Summer, Spring, Autumn, and I find they are all feafons of
the year; therefore a feafon of the year is a genus: then I obferve wherein it differs from thefe, and that is in thelhortncfs
of the days; therefore this may be called its fpecial nature, or
difference;
W I P
difference : then, hy joining thefe together, I make a defini¬
tion. Winter is that fcafon of the year wherein the days are
fhorteft. JVatts's Logick.
To Wi'nter. v. n. [from the noun.] To pafs theWinter.
1 he fowls fhall fummer upon them, and all the beafts of
the earth {hall winter upon them. If. xviii. 6.
Becaufe the haven was not commodious to winter in, the
more part advifed to depart. Acts xxvii. 12.
I o Wi'nter. v. a. To feed or manage in the Winter.
The cattle generally fold for {laughter within, or exporta¬
tion abroad, had never been handled or wintered at handmcat. Temple.
Young lean cattle may by their growth pay for their win¬
tering, and fo be ready to fat next Summer. Mortimer
Winter is often ufed in compofition.
The king fat in the winter-houfe, and there was a fire
burning before him. Jer. xxxvj. 22<
If in November and December they fallow, ’tis called a
winter-fallowing. Mortimer.
Shred it very fmall with thyme, fweet margarome, and a
little winter-favoury. IVaIton s Angler.
W i'nterbeaten. adj. [Winter and beat.] Harraffed by fevere
weather. 1
Pie compareth Ins careful cafe to the fad feafon of the year,
to the frofty ground, to the frozen trees, and to his own winterbeaten flocke. Spenfer.
Wi'ntercherry. ,n.f. [alkekenge.] A plant.
The fruit is about the bignefs of a cherry, and inclofed in
the cup of the flower, which fwells over it in form of a
bladder. Miller.
Wi'ntercitron, n.f. A fort of Pear, which fee.
Wi'ntergreen. n.f [pyrola, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a rofe-fhaped flower, confifting of feveral leaves,
which are placed circularly; out of whofe cup arifes the
. pointal, ending in a probofeis, which afterwards turns to a
roundifti fruit, which is channelled, generally umbellated, and
confifting of five cells, which are commonly full of-fmall
feeds. Miller.
Wi'nterly. adj. [IVinter and like.] Such as is fuitable to
Winter; of a wintry kind.
If’t be Summer news,
omile to’t before; if winterly, thou need’ll:
UlU keep that count nance ftill. Shakefp. Cynibeline.
WINTR.Y. adj. [from IVinter.] Brumal; hyemal.
^ He faw the Trojan fleet difpers’d, diftrefs’d
, By ff°rmy winds, and wintry heav’n opprefs’d. Dryden.
Wi ny. adj. [from wine.] Having the tafte or qualities of
wine.
^Set cucumbers here and there among mufkmelons, and fee
wnether the melons will not be more winy, and better tafted.
Bacon’s Natural Hiftory.
To WIPE. v. a. [pipan, Saxon.]
1. To cleanfe by rubbing with fomething foft.
Such a handkerchief,
I’m fure it was your wife’s, did I to-day
See Caffio wipe his beard with. Shak. Othello.
She a gentle tear let fall .
Worn either eye, and wip’d them with her hair. Milton.
• Then with her veft the wound fbe wipes and dries. Denh.
2. To take away by terfion.
Calumniate ftoutly; for though we wipe away with never
fo much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left fome
fulliage behind. Decay of Piety.
3. To ftrike off gently.
Let me wipe off this honourable dew.
That filverly doth progrefs on thy cheeks. Shakefpeare.
Some natural tears they dropp’d, but wip’d them foon.
Milton’s Paradij'e Loft.
A young man, having fuffered many tortures, efcaped with
life, and told his fellow Chriftians, that the pain of them had
been rendered tolerable by the prefence of an angel, who
ftood by him and wiped off the tears and fweat. AddiJ'on.
4- To clear away.
Macduff, this noble paffion.
Child of integrity, hath from my foul
JVip d the black fcruples; reconcil’d my thoughts
To thy good truth and honour. Shake/ Macbeth.
S' I o cheat; to defraud.
The next bordering lords commonly incroach one upon
another, as one is ftronger, or lie ftill in wait to %vipe them
°“tT0/7.their lands. Spenfer on Ireland.
6. lo Wipe out. To efface.
I I*‘s ^ot’ that theyobjedl againft your houfe,
.mall be wip’d out in the next parliament. Shak. Hen. VI.
As thou lov’ft me, Camillo, wipe not cut the reft of thy
fervices by leaving mc now. Shakefp. Winter’s Tale.
Take one in whorn decrepid old age has blotted out the
memory of his paft knowledge, and clearly wiped out the ideas
.us mind was formci.y ftored with, and flopped up all the paffages fdr new ones to enter; or if there be fome of the
inlets yet left open, the impreffions made are fcarce perecived- Locke.
W I S
Wipe. n. f [from the verb.]
1. An a£l of clcanfing.
2. A blow; a ftroke; a jeer; a gybe; a farcafm.
1 o ltatefmen would you give a wipe,
You print it in Italick type:
When letters are in vulgar ftiapes,
Tis ten to one the wit efcapes \
But when in capitals expreft
A^ffd dUHeft rCader fm°akS th>e jeft* So*/?.-
WVper. n.f [from wipe.] An iuftrument or pMon'by
which any thing is wiped. J
The maids and their makes.
At dancing and wakes.
Had their napkins and pofies.
And the wipers for their nofes. r
WIRE. n.f. [virer, French, to draw round. Skinner 1 Metal
drawn into {lender threads.
Tane was the damfel; and without remorfe
The king condemn’d her, guiltlefs, to the fire:
Her vail and mantle pluckt they off by force.
And bound her tender arms in twifted wire. Fairfax
Thou {halt be whipt with wire, and ftew’d in brine,7 *
Smarting in ling’ring pickle. _ Shakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
The foldier, that man of iron.
Whom ribs of horror all environ.
That’s ftrong with wire inftead of veins.
In whofe embraces you’re in chains. Beaumont and Fletcher.
And the cherubick hoft, in thoufand quires.
Touch their immortal harps of golden wires. Milton.
Some roll a mighty ftone, fome laid along.
And, bound with burning wires, on fpokes of wheels are
rj- xxr , _ Dryden s Ain.
10 VV1 redraw, v. a. [wire and draw.]
!• To fpin into wire.
2. To draw out into length.
. A fluid moving through a flexible canal, when fmall, by
its fri£hon will naturally lengthen, and wiredraw the fides of
the canal, according to the direction of its axis. Arbuthnot.
3. Bo draw by art or violence.
I have been wrongfully accufed, and my fenfe wiredrawn
into blafphemy. Dryden.
VVi redrawer, n.f. [wire and draw.] One who fpins wire.
Thofe who have need of unmixed filver, as gilders and
wiredrawers, muft, befides an equal weight of filver mixed
with other metals, give an overplus to reward the refiner’s
Ikill. Locke.
To Wis. v. a. pret. and part. paff. wifi, [wiffen, German;
wyfen, Dutch.] To know. Obfolete.
Thus proud and fierce, unto the hearts he ftept
Of them poor fouls ; and cutting reafon’s reins.
Made them his own before they had it wifi. Sidney.
There be fools alive, I wis.
Silver d o er; and fo was this. Shakefpeare.
This book, advifedly read and diligently followed but one
year at home, would do a young gentleman more good, I wi,s,
than three yeais travel abroad. Afchani s Schoolmajler.
When Mammon faw his purpofe mift.
Him to entrap unwares, another’s way he wifi. Fa. fjueen.
Marry with a king,
A hatchelor, a handfome ftrippling too,
I wis your grandam had a worfer match. Shakefp. R. III.
When for more worlds the Macedonian cry’d.
He wift not I hetys in her lap did hide
Another yet, a world referv’d for you,
To make more great than that he did fubdue. - Waller.
Wi'sdom. n.J, [piptiom„Saxon; wiifdom, Danifli.] Sapience;
the power of judging rightly.
That which moveth God to work is goodnefs, and that
which ordereth his work is wifddm, and that which peifeeleth
his work is power. ’ Hooker.
’Tis much he dares.
And to that dauntiefs temper of his mind.
He hath a wifdom that doth guide his valour
To act in fafety. Shakefp. Macbeth.
IVifdom and fortune combating together,
If that the former dare but what it can,
No chance may {hake it. Shakef. Ant. andCleopatra.
As from fenfes reafon’s work doth fpring.
So many reafons underftanding gain.
And many underftandings knowledge bring.
And by much knowledge wifdom we obtain. Davies.
Wifdom is that which makes men judge what are the beft:
ends, and what the beft means to attain them, and gives a man
advantage of counfel and dire&ion. Temple.
As fcience is properly that knowledge which relateth to the
effences of things, fo wifdom to their operations. Grew s Co^m.
WISE. adj. [pip, Saxon ; wiis, Dutch and Danilb.J
I. Sapient; judging rightly, particularly of matters of life;
having practical knowledge.
I would have you wife unto that which is good, and fimpl*
concerning evil. Rom. Xvi. 19.
7 if
W I s W I T
Heav’n is for thee too high ; be lowly wife. Milton.
All their writings were compofed in verfe, which were called
runes, or viifes, and from thence the term of wife came. Te/np.
Since the floods demand
For their defcent a prone and linking land : . *.
Does not this due declivity declare,
A wife director’s providential care ? Blackmore.
The wifejl and belt men in all ages, have lived up to the
religion of their country, when they faw nothing in it oppofite to morality. Addijon.
2. Skilful; dextrous.
Speak unto all that are zvife-hearted, whom I have filled
with the fpirit of wifdom, that they may make Aaron’s gar¬
ments. Ex. xxviii. 3.
Do we count him a wife man, who is wife in any thing but
his own proper profeflion and employment, and wife for every
body but himfelf ? Tillotfon.
They are wife to do evil, but to do good they have no
knowledge. Jer. iv. 22.
3. Skilled in hidden arts.
There was an old fat woman even now with me.-
•—Pray, was’t not the wile woman of Brainford ? Sbakefp.
4. Grave ; becoming a wife man.
One eminent in wife deport fpake much. Milton.
WISE, n.f [pipe, Saxon; wjfe> Dutch; weife, German;
guifey Fr. guijcty Italian.] Manner; way of being or aCting.
This word, in the modern dialed, is often corrupted into ways.
This fong fhe fings in moft commanding wife ;
Come, fhepherd’s boy, let now thy heart be bow’d
To make itfelf to my leaft look a Have. Sidney.
Ere we farther pafs, I will devife
A paffport for us both, in fitted: wife. Hubberd's Tale.
On this wife ye fhall blefs Ifrael. Numb. vi. 23.
The lovers Handing in this doleful wife,
A warrior bold approached. Fairfax,
With foam upon thy lips, and fparkling eyes,
Thou fay’ft and do’ft in fuch outrageous wife,
That mad Oreftes, if he faw the ihow,
Wou’d fwear thou wert the madder of the two. Dryden.
’Tis in no wife ftrange that fuch a one fhould believe, that
things were blindly fhuffled. Woodward.
Wisea'cre n.f. [It was antiently written wifefegger, as the
Dutch wifegghery a foothfayer.J
2. A wife, or fententious man. Obfolete.
2. A fool ; a dunce.
Why, fays a wifeacre that fat by him, were I as the king of
France, I would fcorn to take part with footmen. AddiJ'on.
Wj/sely. adv. [from wife.] Judicioufly ; prudently.
If thou covet death, as utmoft end
Of mifery ; fo thinking to evade
The penalty pronounc’d ; doubt not God
Hath wifelier arm’d his vengeful ire. Milton's Par. Loft.
He fits like difcontented Damocles,
When by the fportive tyrant wifely fhown.
The dangerous pleafure of a flatter’d throne. Dryden.
Admitting their principles to be true, they aCt wifely : they
keep their end, evil as it is, fteadily in view. Rogers.
The doCtors, tender of their fame.
Wifely on me lay all the blame :
We muft confefs his cafe was nice,
But he wou’d never take advice. Swift.
Wi'seness. n.f. [from wife.} Wifdom; fapience. Obfolete.
No lefs deferveth his wittinefs in devifing, his pithinefs in
uttering, his paftoral rudenefs, and his moral wifenefs. Spcnfer.
To WISH. v. n. [prpcian, Saxon.]
1. To have ftrong defire; to long.
The fun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted,
and wifhed in himfelf to die. Jonah iv. 8.
ThatNoah orJanus underftood navigation, may be verywell
fupported by his image found upon the firft Roman coins. One
fide was ftamptwith a Janus bifrons, and the other with a
roftrum, or prow of a fhip. This is as good an argument as
an antiquary could wijh for. Arbuthnot on Coins.
2. To be difpofed, or inclined.
Thofe potentates, who do not wijh well to his affairs,
have (hewn refpeCt to his perfonal character. Addifon.
3. It has a flight fignification of hope.
I wijh it may not prove fome ominous foretoken of misfor¬
tune, to have met with fuch a mifer as I am. Sidney.
To Wish. v. a.
1. To defire ; to long for.
He was fain to pull him out by the heels, and Ihew him
the beaft as dead as he could wijh it. Sidney, b. i.
If all the year were playing holidays,
To fport would be as tedious as to work ;
But when they feldom come, they wifht for come. Shakefp.
They have more than heart could wijh. Pf. Ixxiii. 7.
There are Ihips prepar’d by my command,
That fhall convey you to the wifht-for port. Addifon's Cato.
2. To recommend by wifhing.
Had I as many fons as I have hairs,
I would not wijh them to a fairer death. Shakefp. Macbeth.
3. To imprecate.
If heavens have any grievous plague in ftore.
Exceeding thofe that I can wijh upon thee ;
O let them keep it till thy fins be ripe.
And then hurl down their indignation. Shakefp. Rich. IIL
4. To afk.
Digby fhould find the beft way to make Antrim communi¬
cate the affair to him, and to wijh his affiftance. Clarendon.
Wish. n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Longing defire.
To his wijhy
Beyond his hope. Eve feparate he fpies. Milton.
A wijh is properly the defire of a man fitting or lying flill;
but an aCt of the will, is a man of bufinefs vigoroufly going
about his work. South's Sermons,
2. Thing defired.
What next I bring fhall pleafe thee ; be affur’d,
Thylikenefs, thy fit help, thy other felf.
Thy wijh, exaCtly to thy heart’s defire. Milton s Par. Left.
3. Defire expreffed.
Shame come to Romeo !-
—Blifter’d be thy tongue
For fuch a wijh. Shakefpeare's Romeo and Juliet.
I admire your whig-principles of refiftance in the fpirit of
• the Barcelonians : I join in your wijh for them. Pope.
Wi's hedLy. adv. [from wifhed.] According to defire. Not ufed.
What could have happened unto him more wijhedlyy than
with his great honour to keep the town ftill. Knolles.
Wi'sher. n.f. [from wif).]
1. One who longs.
2. One who expreffes wifhes.
With half that wifh, the wifher's eyes be prefs’d. Shakefp.
Wi'shfur. adj. [from wijh and full.] Longing ; fhowing defire.
From Scotland am I ftol’n ev’n of pure love,
To greet mine own land with my wijhful fight. Shakefpeare.
WFshfully. adv. [from wijhful.] Earrteftly; with longing.
Wi'sket. n.f. A bafket. Ainfworth.
Wisp. n.f. [wifp, Swedifh, and old Dutch.] A fmall bundle,
as of hay or ftraw.
A gentleman would faft five days, without meat, bread, or
drink ; but the fame ufed to have continually a great wifp of
herbs that he fmelled on : and amongft thofe, fome efculent
herbs of ftrong feent, as onions. Bacon's Nat. Hifl.
Jews, who their whole wealth can lay
In a fmall bafket, on a wifp of hay. Dryden,
Wist. pret. and part, of wis.
Wi'stful. adj.
1. Attentive ; eafneft ; full of thought.
Why, Grubbinel, doft thou 16 wiflful feem ?
There’s forrow in thy look. Gay's Pajlorals.
2. It is ufed by Swift, as it feems, for wijhful.
Lifting up one of my fafhes, I caft many a wiflful melan¬
choly look towards the fea. Gulliver's Travels.
Wi'stfully. adv. [from wiflful.] Attentively; earneftly.
With that he fell again to pry
Through perfpeCtive more wijlfully. Hudibras.
Wi'stly. adv. [from wis.] Attentively; earneftly.
Speaking it, he wiflly look’d on me ;
As who (hall fay,—I would thou wert the man. Shakefp.
To Wit. v. n. [pitan, Saxon.] To know. This word is now
only ufed in the phrafe to wit; that is to fay.
There is an officer, to wit, the fheriff of the {hire, whofe
office it is, to walk up and down his bailiwick. Spenfer.
Yet are thefe feet, whofe ftrengthlefs ftay is numb,
Unable to fupport this lump of clay,
Swift-winged with defire to get a grave ;
As wittingy I no other comfort have. Shakefp. Hen. VI.
WIT. n.f. [yjepir, Saxon ; from pitan, to know.]
1. The powers of the mind ; the mental faculties; the intel¬
lects. This is the original fignification.
Who would fet his wit to fo foolifh a bird ? Shakefpeare.
The king your father was reputed for
A prince moft prudent, of an excellent
And unmatch’d wit and judgment. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
Will puts in praCtice what the wit devifeth :
Will ever aCts, and wit contemplates ftill:
And as from wit the power of wifdom rifeth.
All other virtues daughters are of will.
Will is the prince, and wit the counfellor.
Which doth for common good in council fit;
And when wit is refolv’d, will lends her power
To execute what is advis’d by wit. Davies's Ireland.
For wit and pow’r, their laft endeavours bend
T’ outlhine each other. Dryden.
2. Imagination ; quicknefs of fancy.
They nevermeet, butthere’s a Ikirmilh ofwitbetweenthem.—
—Alas, in our laft conflict four of his five wits went halting
off, and now is the whole man govern’d by one. Shakefp.
Lewd, fhallow, hair-brain’d huffs, make atheifm and con¬
tempt of religion, the only badge and character of wit. South,
And though a tun in thy large bulk be writ
Yet thou art but a kilderkin of wit.
30 T
Dryden.
Wit
'WIT
Wit lying mod in the aflcmblage of ideas, and putting
thofe together with quicknefs and variety, wherein can be
found any refemblance, or congruity, thereby to make up
pleafant pidlures in the fancy. Judgment, on the contrary,
lies in*feparating carefully one from another, ideas, wherein
can be found the leaft difference, thereby to avoid being
miffed by fimilitude. Locke.
Cou’d any but a knowing prudent caufe
Begin fuch motions, and aflign fuch laws ?
If the great mind had form’d a different frame.
Might not your wanton wit the fyftem blame ? Bladmore.
3. Sentiments produced by quicknefs of fancy.
All forts of men take a pleafure to gird at me. The brain
of this foolifli compounded clay, man, is not able to invent
any thing that tends more to laughter, than what I invent,
and is invented on me. I am not only witty in myfelf, but
the caufe that wit is in other men. Shakefpeare.
His works become the frippery of wit. B. John/on.
The Romans made thofe times the ftandard of their wit,
when they fubdu’d the world. . Sprat.
The definition of wit is only this ; that it is a propriety of
thoughts and words ; or, in ether terms, thoughts and words
elegantly adapted to the fubjeft. Dryden.
Let a lord once but own the happy lines ;
How the wit brightens, and the ftyle refines! Pope.
4. A man of fancy.
Intemperate wits will fpare neither friend nor foe; and
make themfelves the common enemies of mankind. L’Ejlr.
A poet, being too witty himfelf, could draw nothing but
wits in a comedy : even his fools were infected with the difeale
of their author. Dryden.
To tell them wou’d a hundred tongues require ;
Or one vain wit’s, that might a hundred tire. Pope.
5. A man of genius.
Searching wits, of more mechanick parts;
Who grac’d their age with new-invented arts :
Thofe who to worth their bounty did extend,
And thofe who knew that bounty to commend. Dryden.
How vain that fecond life in others breath ?
Th’ eftate which wits inherit after death ;
Eafe, health, and life, for this they muff refign,
Unfure the tenure, but how vaft the fine !
The great man’s curfe, without the gain endure;
Be envy’d, wretched ; and be flatter’d, poor. Pope.
6. Senfe; judgment.
Strong was their plot,
Jheir practice clofe, their faith fufpe&ed not;
Their ftates far off, and they of wary wit. Daniel.
Come, leave the loathed ffage.
And this more loathfome age ;
Where pride and impudence in faction knit,
Ufurp the chair of wit. B. John/on.
Though his youthful blood be fir’d with wine.
He wants not wit the danger to decline. Dryden.
7. In the plural. Sound mind ; intellect not crazed.
If our wits run the wild-goofe chace, I have done: for
thou haft more of the wild-goofe in one of thy wits, than I
have in my whole five. Shake/p. Borneo and Juliet.
I had a fon.
Now outlaw’d from my blood ; he fought my life :
The grief hath craz’d my wits. Shake/p. K. Lear.
Are his wits fafe ? is he not light of brain ? Shakefpeare.
Sound fleep cometh of moderate eating; he rifeth early,
and his wits are with him : but the pain of watching, and
choler, and pangs of the belly, are with an unfatiable
man. Eccluf. xxxi. 20.
Wickednefs is voluntary frenzy, and every finner does more
extravagant things than any man that is crazed, and out of
his wits, only that he knows better what he does. ’Tillotfon.
No man in his wits can ferioufly think that his own foul
hath exifted -from all eternity. Bentley.
8. Contrivance; fhatagem ; power of expedients.
How can it chufe but bring the fimple to their wits end ?
how can it chufe but vex and amaze them ? Hooker.
I was like to be apprehended for the witch of Brainford;
but that my admirable dexterity of wit, counterfeiting the
action of an old woman, delivered me. Shakefpeare.
Sleights from his wit and fubtlety proceed. Milton.
The neighbourhood were at their wits end, to confider
what would be the iflue. L’EJlrange.
Wi'tcraft. n. f \wit and craft. 1 Contrivance; invention.
Obfolete. J
He was no body that could not hammer out of his name
an invention by this witcraft, and picture it accordingly.
Camden’s Remains.
W/tcracker. n.f. [zFit and cracker.] A joker; one who
breaks a jeft.
A college of witcrackers cannot flout me out of my hu¬
mour; doff: thou think I care for a fatire or an epigram ? Shak.
Wi'tworm. n.f. [wit and worm.] One that feeds on wit; a
canker of wit.
W I T
T1-to come forth fo fuddenly a witworm. B. Johnfon.
WJ 1 CH. n.f [piece, Saxon.J J J
1. A woman given to unlawful arts.
Wife judges have prefcribed, that men mav not rafhly be¬
lieve the~confeffions of witches, nor the evidence againft
them, for the witches themfelves are imaginative ; and peo¬
ple aie credulous, and ready to impute accidents to witchcra * ’ r-p, . , , Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
I he night-hag comes to dance
Lapland witches, while the lab’ring moon
Eclipfes at their charms. ALilton
When I confider whether there are fuch perfons as witch”’,
my mind is divided : I believe in general that there is fuch a
thing as witchcraft, but can give no credit to any particular
mftanceofit HMfin’s Sp,Bat,’r, N» 117.
2. [from pic, Saxon.j A winding finuous bank.
Leave me thofe hills where harbrough nis to fee •
Nor holy bulh, nor briar, nor winding witch. ’Spenfer.
To Witch, v. a. [from the noun.] To bewitch ; to enchant."
’Tis now the very witching time of night,
When churchyards yawn, “ Sbahfp. Hamlet.
Me ill befits, that in der-doing arms,
And honour’s fuit my vowed days do fpend.
Unto thy bounteous baits, and pleafing charms.
With which weak men thou witchejl to attend. Spenfer.
I’ll witch fweet ladies with my words and looks. Shakefp'.
Sit and witch me ? Shakefp Hen. VI.
WITCHCRAFT, n.f. [witch and craft.] The practices ofwitches.
Urania name, whofe force he knew fo well,
He quickly knew what witchcraft gave the blow. Sidney.
If you cannot
Bar his accefs to the king, never attempt
Any thing on him, for he hath a witchcraft
Over the king in’s tongue. Shakefp. Hen. VIII.
People are credulous, and ready to impute accidents and
natural operations to witchcraft. Bacon’s Nat. Hijl.
What fubtile witchcraft man conffrains,
T'o change his pleafure into pains. Denham.
Witchery, n.f. [from witch.] Enchantment.
Another kind of petty witchery, if it be not altogether de¬
ceit, they call charming of beafts and birds. * Raleigh.
Great Comus !
Deep-fkill’d in all his mother’s witcheries. Milton.
ToWite. v. a. [pi2an, Saxon.] To blame; to reproach.
The palmer ’gan moff bitterly
Her to rebuke, for being loofe and light;
Which not abiding, but more fcornfully
Scoffing at him, that did her juftly wite.
She turn’d her boat about. Fairy Ejhteen, c. xii.
Wite. n.f. [from the verb.] Blame; reproach. Spenfer.
With, prepofit. [pfS, Saxon.]
1. By. Noting the caufe.
Truth, tir’d with iteration.
As true as fteel, as plantage to the moon. Shakefpeare.
With ev’ry ftab her bleeding heart was torn.
With wounds much harder to be feen than born. Rowe.
2. Noting the means.
Rude and unpolifhed are all operations of the foul in their
beginnings, before they are cultivated with art and ftudy. Dryd.
3. Noting the inftrument.
Boreas through the lazy vapour flies,
And fweeps, withhedthy wings, the rank polluted [kies.Rowe.
By perflations with large bellows, miners give motion to
the air. Woodvjard.
4. On the fide of; for.
O madnefs of difeourfe f
That caufe fets up with, and againft thyfelf! Shakefpeare.
5. In oppolition to ; in competition or conteff.
I do conteff as hotly and as nobly with thy love.
As ever againft: thy valour. Shakejp. Coriolanus.
He Ihall lie with any friar in Spain. Dryden’s Spanijh Friar.
6. Noting comparifon.
Can blazing carbuncles with her compare ? Sandys.
7. In fociety.
God gave man a foul that fhould live for ever, although
the body be deftroyed ; and thofe who were good fhould be
with him. " Stiilingfeet.
In all thy humours, whether grave or mellow,
Thou’rt fuch a touchy, tefty, pleafing fellow ;
Haft fo much wit, and mirth, and fpleen about thee.
There is no living with thee, nor without thee. Tatler.
8. In company of.
At the inftant that your meflenger came, in loving vifitation was with me, a young doeffor from Rome. Shakefpeare.
9. In appendage; noting confequence, or concomitance.
Men might know the perfons who had a right to regal
power, and with it to their obedience. Locke.
10. In mutual dealing.
I will buy with you, fell with you, talk with you, walk
with you, and fo following; but I will not eat with you,
drink with you, nor pray with you. Shakefpeare.
" II. Noting
WIT W I T
11. Noting confidence ; as I trufl you with all my fecrets \ or,
Itrujl all my fecrets with you.
12. In partnerftiip.
Though Jove himfelf no lefs content would be,
To part his throne, and (hare his heaven with thee. Pope.
13. Noting connection.
Pity your own, or pity our eftate,
Nor twift our fortunes with your linking fate. Dryden.
14. Immediately after.
With that (lie told me, that, though fhe fpake of her
father Cremes, (lie would hide no truth from me. Sidney, b. ii.
With that, he crawled out of his neft,
Forth creeping on his caitiff hands and thighs. Fairy Queen.
In falling, both an equal fortune try’d ;
Wou’d fortune for my fall fo well provide !
With this he pointed to his face, and (how’d
His hands, and all his habit fmear’d with blood. Dryden.
With that, the God his darling phantom calls,
And from his falt’ringlips this meffage falls. Garth.
15. Amongft.
Jafper Duke of Bedford, whom the king ufed to employ
with the firft in his wars, was then Tick. Bacon.
Tragedy was originally with the antients, a piece of reli¬
gious worfhip. Rymer’s Tragedies of'lajl Age.
Immortal powers the term of confcience know.
But intereft is her name with men below. Dryden.
16. Upon.
Such arguments had invincible force with thofe Pagan philofophers, who became Chriftians. Addifon.
17. In content. Noting parity of (fate.
See ! where on earth the flow’ry glories lie :
IVith her they flourifh’d, and with her they die. Pope.
18. With in compofition fignifies opposition, or privation.
WVthal. adv. [with and all.]
1. Along with the reft 5 likewife 3 at the fame time.
Yet it muft be ivithal confidered, that the greateft part of
the world are they which be fartheft from perfection. Hooker.
How well fupply’d with noble counfcllors ?
How modeft in exception, and withal
How terrible in conftant refolution ? Shakefp. Hen. V.
The one contains my picture, prince 3
If you chufe that, then I am yours zvithal. Shakefpeare.
This that prince did not tranfmit as a power, to make conqueft, but as a retinue for his fon, and withal to enable him
to recover fome part of Ulfter. Davies s It eland.
God, when he gave me ftrength, to (hew withal
How (light the gift was, hung it in my hair. Milton.
Chrift had not only an infinite power to work miracles,
but alfo an equal v/ifdom to know the juft force and meafure
of every argument, to perfuade, and withal to look through
and through all the dark corners of the foul of man, and to
difeern what prevails upon them, and what does not. South.
I cannot, cannot bear 3 ’tis paft 3 ’tis done :
Perifh this impious, this detefted fon !
Perifh his fire, and perifh I withal,
And let the houfe’s heir, and the hop’d kingdom fall. Dryd.
2. It is fometimes ufed by writers where we now ufe with.
Time brings means to furnifh him withal 3
Let him but wait th’ occafions as they fall. Daniel.
It is to know what God loves and delights in, and is
nleafed withal, and would have us do in order to our happinefs. ' f , Tillotjon.
We owe to chriftianity the difeovery of the molt perfeft rule of life, that ever the world was acquainted
withal. v TiHotfon.
To Withdra'w. v. a. [with and draw 3 from pf5, or prdep,
Saxon, againjl, and draw.]
1. To take back 3 to deprive of.
It is not poffible they fhould obferve the one, who from the
other withdraw unneceflarily obedience. Hooker, b. v.
Impcffible it is that God fhould withdraw his prefence
from any thing, becaufe the very fubftance of God is
infinite. “ Hooker.
2. To call away 3 to make to retire.
Nauiicaa is withdrawn, and a whole nation introduced, for
a more general praife of Ulyffes. Broome.
To Withdraw, v.n. To retire 3 to retreat.
She from her hufband foft withdrew. Milton.
At this excefs of courage all amaz’d.
The foremoft of his foes a-while withdraw :
With fuch refpeCf in enter’d Rome they gaz’d,
Who on high chairs the godlike fathers law. Dryden.
Duumvir has pafs’d the noon of life 3 but cannot withdraw
from entertainments, which are pardonable only before that
ftage of our being. Tatler, N° 54.
Withdra'wingroom. n.f [withdraiv znd room.] Room be¬
hind another room for retirement.'
For an ordinary gentleman, a hall, a great parlour, with a
withdrawingroom, with a kitchen, butteries, and other con¬
veniences, is fufficient. M01 timer s Hujbandry.
W/the. n.f.
1. A willow twig.
An Irifh rebel put up a petition, that he might be hanged
in a with, and not a halter, becaufe it had been fo ufed
with former rebels. . Bacon.
2. A band, properly a band of twigs ; [pttSe fignifies a band.]
Thefe cords and wythes will hold men’s confidences, when
force attends and twifts them. K. Charles.
Birch is of ufe for ox-yoaks, hoops, ferews, wythes for
faggots. Mortimer's Hujbandry.
To Wi'ther. v.n. [^eprSejiob, Saxon, dry, faded.]
1. To fade 5 to grow faplefs 3 to dry up.
That which is of God we defend, to the uttermoft of that
ability which he hath given: that which is otherwile, let it
wither even in the root from whence it hath fprung. Hooker.
When I have pluck’d thy rofe,
I cannot give it vital growth again 5
It needs muft wither. Shakefp. Othello.
It (hall wither in all the leaves of her fpring. Ezek. xvii. 9.
The foul may fooner leave off to fubfift, than to love 3
and like the vine, it withers and dies, if it has nothing to em¬
brace South s Sermons.
2. To wafte, or pine away.
Are there fo many left of your own family, that you
fhould defire wholly to reduce it, by luftering the laft branch
of it to wither away before its time. Temple.
3. To lofe, or want animal moifture.
Vain men, how vanifhing a blifswe crave,
Now warm in love, now withering in the grave. Dryden.
To WITHER, v. a.
1. To make to fade.
The fun is no fooner rifen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grafs, and the flower thereof falleth. Ja. i. 11.
2. To make to (hrink, decay, or wrinkle, for want of animal
moifture.
Aire cannot wither her, nor cuftom ftale her infinite va¬
riety. Shakefpeare's Ant. and Cleopatra.
Look how I am bewitch’d ; behold, mine arm
Is, like a blafted fapling, withered up. Shakefpeare.
What are thefe,
So wither'd, and lb wild in their attire.
That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ th’ earth.
And yet are on’t ? Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Thy youth, thy ftrength, thy beauty, which will change
To wither'd, weak, and grey. Milton.
In Spain our fprings, like old men’s children be.
Decay’d and wither'd, from their infancy :
No kindly (howers fall on our barren earth.
To hatch the feafons in a timely birth. Dryden.
Wi'theredness. n.f [from withered.] The date of being
withered 3 marcidity.
Water them as loon as fet, ’till they have recovered their
witherednefs. Mortimer s Hujbandry.
Wi'therband. n.f A piece of iron, which is laid under a
faddle, about four fingers above the horfe’s withers, to keep
the two pieces of wood tight, that form the bow. Farrier's Di£i.
Wi'thers. n.f. Is the joining of the fhoulder-bones at the
bottom of the neck and mane, towards the upper part of the
fhoulder. Farrier's Diet.
Let the gall’d beaft wince 3
We are unwrung in the withers. Shakefpeare.
Rather than let your mafter take long journies, contrive
that the faddle may pinch the bead in his withers. Swift.
Wi'therrung. n.f. IVitherrung fometimes is caufed by a
bite of a horfe, or by a faddle being unfit, efpecially when the
bows are too wide 5 for when they are fo, they bruife the
flefh againft the fpines of the fecond and third vertebrae of
the back, which forms that prominence that rifes above their
fhoulders. Farrier's Di£t.
To Withhold, v.a. [with and hold.] Withheld, or withholden, pret. and part.
I. To reftrain 3 to keep from action 3 to hold back.
That hand, which as no kind of imminent danger could
caufe at firft to zvithhold itfelf, fo neither have any practices,
fo many, fo bloody, following fince, been ever able to make
weary. Hooker, b. iv.
Sith mine he is, or free or bound ;
Withhold, O fovereign prince, your hafty hand
From knitting league with him. Spenfer.
The prince
Would fain have come with me to meet your grace 5
And by his mother was perforce withheld. Shakefpeare.
Be careful to withhold
Your talons from the wretched and the bold:
Tempt not the brave and needy to defpair 5
For though your violence ftiould leave them bare
Of gold and filver, fwords and darts remain. Dryden.
Volition is an adf of the mind, knowingly exerting that do¬
minion it takes itfelf to have over any part of man, by em¬
ploying it in, or withholding it from any particular a£lion. Locke.
2. To
W I T
2.To keep back; to refufe.
What difficulties there are, which as yet withhold our
afTent, till we be further and better fatisfied, I hope no indif¬
ferent amongft them will fcorn or refufe to hear. Hooker.
Soon as Titan ’gan his head exault.
And foon again as he his light withhault,
Their wicked engines they againft it bent. Fairy Queen.
Withho'lden. part. paJJ'. of withhold.
The word keep back, fheweth, that it was a thing for¬
merly due unto God ; for we cannot fay that any thing is
kept back, or withholden, that was not due before. Spelman,
Withholder. n.f [from withhold ] e who withholds.
Withi'n. prep, [prbmnan, Saxon.]
1. In the inner part of.
Who then fhall blame
His pefter’d fenfes to recoil and ftart.
When all that is within him does condemn
Itfelf for being there. Shakefp. Macbeth.
By this means, not only many helplefs perfons will be pro¬
vided for, but a generation of men will be bred up, within
ourfelves, not perverted by any other hopes. Sprat.
’Till this be cur’d by religion, it is as impoffible for a man
to be happy, that is, pleafed and contented within himfelf, as
it is for a fick man to be at eafe. Tillotfon.
The river is afterwards wholly loft within the waters of
the lake, that one difcovers nothing like a ftream, till within
about a quarter of a mile from Geneva. Addifon.
2. In the compafs of; not beyond ; ufed both of place and time.
Next day we faw, within a kenning before us, thick clouds,
which put us in hope of land. Bacon.
A beet-root, and a radifh root, which had all their leaves
cut clofe to the roots, within fix weeks had fair leaves. Bacon.
Moft birds come to their growth within a fortnight. Bacon.
Within fome while the king had taken up fuch liking of
his perfon, that he refolved to make him a mafterpiece. Wotton.
The invention of arts neceflary or ufeful to human life,
hath been within the knowledge of men. Burnet.
As to infinite fpace, a man can no more have a pofitive
idea of the greateft, than he has of the leaft fpace. For in
this latter, which is more within our comprehenfion, we are
capable only of a comparative idea of fmallnefs, which will al¬
ways be lefs than any one, whereof we have the pofitive idea. Lo.
Were every adfion concluded within itfelf, and drew no
confequences after it, we fhould undoubtedly never err in
our choice of good. Locke.
T his, with the green hills and naked rocks within the neigh¬
bourhood, makes the moft agreeable confufion. Addifon.
Bounding defires within the line, which birth and fortune
have marked out, is an indifpenfable duty. Atterbury.
3. Not longer ago than.
Within thefe five hours Haftings liv’d
Untainted, unexamin’d, free at liberty. Shake/peare.
Within thefe three hours, Tullus,
Alone I fought in your Corioli walls.
And made what work I pleas’d. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
4. Into the reach of.
When on the brink the foaming boar I met.
The defp’rate favage rufih’d within my force.
And bore me headlong with him down the rock. Otway.
5. In the reach of.
Secure of outward force, within himfelf
The danger lies, yet lies within his pow’r j
Againft his will he can receive no harm. Milton.
I have fufter’d in your woe j
Nor fhall be wanting ought within my pow’r
For your relief. Dryden.
Though Aurengzebe return a conqueror,
Both he and fhe are ftill within my power. Dryden.
6. Into the heart or confidence of.
When by fuch infinuations they have once got within him,
and are able to drive him on from one lewdnefs to another,
no wonder if they rejoice to fee hirii guilty of all villainy. South.
7. Not exceeding.
Be inform’d how much your hufband’s revenue amounts to,
and be fo good a computer, as to keep within it. Swift.
8. In the inclofure of.
No interwoven reeds a garland made, }
To hide his brows within the vulgar fhade j v
But poplar wreaths around his temples fpread. Addifon. 3
Sedentary and within-door arts, and delicate manufactures,
that require rather the finger than the arm, have a contrariety
to a military difpofition. Bacon’s Nat, Hijl.
Withi'n. adv.
1.In the inner parts; inwardly ; internally.
This is yet the outward, faireft fide
Of our defign. Within refts more of fear,
More dread of fad event yet undefcry’d. Daniel.
Death thou haft feen
In his'firft fhape on man j but many fhapes
Of death, and many are the ways that lead
To his grim cave ; all difmal! yet to fenfe
More terrible at th’ entrance, than within. Milton.
W I T
2. In the mind.
Language feems too low a thing to exprcfs your excellence,
and our fouls are fpeaking fo much within, that they defpife
all foreign converfation. Dryden's State ofInnocence.
1 hefe, as thy guards from outward harms, are fent ;
*11s from within thy reafon muft prevent. Dryden.
Withi nside. adv. [within and fide.] In the interiour parts.
T. he forceps for extracting the ftone is reprefented a little
open, that the teeth may be better feen withinfde. Sharp.
Witho'ut. prep, [pifcutan, Saxon.]
1. Not with.
Many there are, whofe deftinies have prevented their defires, and made their good motives the wards of their exe¬
cutors, not without miferable fuccefs. Hall.
2. In aftateof abfencefrom.
Haft fo much wit, and mirth, and fpleen about thee
There is no living with thee, nor wi.hout thee. Tatler.
3. In the ftate of not having.
The virtuous bezoar is taken from the beaft that feedeth
upon the mountains ; and that without virtue, from thofe
that feed in the vallies. Bacon.
Infallibility and inerrablenefs are afTumed and inclofed by the
Romifh church,without any inerrable ground to hold it on. Ham.
If the ideas be not innate, there was a time, when the
mind was without thofe principles; and then they will not be
innate, but be derived from fome other original. Locke.
4. Beyond ; not within the compafs of.
Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach :
but that little fpot of ground that lies betwixt thofe two great
oceans, this we are to cultivate. Burnet’s Theory ofthe Earth.
5. In the negation, or omiffion of.
Without the feparation of the two monarchies, the moft
advantageous terms from the French, muft end in our deftrudipn. Addifon.
6. Not by ; not by the ufe of; not by the help of.
Excefs of diet in coftly meats and drinks fetched from be¬
yond the feas, would be avoided : wife men will do it without
a law; I would there might be a law to reftrain fools. Bacon.
7. On the outfideof.
Without the gate
Some drive the cars, and fome the courfers rein. Dryden.
8. Not within.
When theweatherhindersme from takingmy d iverfions with¬
out doors, I frequently make a little party with feleCt friends.Ad.
9. With exemption from.
The great lords of Ireland informed the king, that the
Irifhry might not be naturalized without damage tothemfelves
or the crown. Davies’s Ireland.
Happinefs under this view, ev’ry one conftantly purfues.
Other things acknowledged to be good, he can look upon
without defire, pafs by, and be content without. Locke.
Witho'ut. adv.
1. Not on the infide.
Forming trees and fhrubs into fundry fhapes, is done by
moulding them within, and cutting them without. Bacon.
Wife men ufe ftudies ; for they teach not their own ufe ;
but that is a wifdom uithout them, and above them, won by
obfervation. Bacon.
Thefe were from without the growing miferies. Alilton.
Having gone as far as they could without, they began to
obferve them within. Grew.
2. Out of doors.
The reception of light into the body of the building, was
very prompt from without, and from within. Wotton.
Their doors are barr’d againft a bitter flout;
Snarl, if you pleafe, but you fhall lnarl without. Dryden.
3. Externally; not in the mind.
Witho'ut. conjuni7. Unlefs ; if not; except. Not in ufe.
I find my love fhall be proved no love, without I leave to
love, being too unfit a veflel in whom fo high thoughts fhould
be engraved. Sidney, b. ii.
You will never live to my age, without you keep yourfelves
in breath with exercife, and in heart with joyfulnefs. Sidney.
Withou'ten. prep. [pfSutan, Saxon.] Without. Oblolete.
Her face fo fair, as flefh it feemed not,
But heavenly pourtrait of bright angel’s hue.
Clear as the fky, withouten blame or blot,
Through goodly mixture of complexion’s dew. Spenfer.
To Withsta nd, v. a. [with and fand.] To gainftand; to
oppofe; to refift.
The violence of forrow is not at the firft to be flriven
withal, being like a mighty beaft, fooner tamed with follow¬
ing, than overthrown by withfanding. Sidney.
The wonderful zeal and fervour wherewith ye have withfood the received orders of this chuich, was the firft thing
which caufed me to enter unto confideration, whether every
chriftian manfearing God, ftand bound to join with you. Hooker.
It is our frailty that in many things we all do amifs, but a
virtue that we would do amifs in nothing, and a teftimony ot
that virtue, that when we pray that what occafion ol fin foever
do offer itfelf, we may be ftrengthened from above to withfand it. Hooker, b v.
J I hey 9
w rT
Shakefp.
Dome.
Fairfax.
Philips.
Pope.
Pope.
They Toon fet fail; nor now the fates withjland ;
Their forces trufted with a foreign hand. Dryden.
"When Elymas withftood Paul and Barnabas, and when Paul
f.ivs of Alexander, he hath greatly wit/food our words, do
we think the vnthfhmcMng there was without fpeaking? Atterh.
Withsta'nder. n.f [from withjland] An opponent; re¬
filling power.
War may be defined the cxercife of violence under fovereign command againft withjlanders; force, authority, and
refinance being the efiential parts thereof. Raleigh.
Wi'thy. n.f [pfSij, Saxon.] Willow. A tree.
WFtless. ad), [from zvit.} Wanting underftanding.
W hy then fhould witlefs man fo much mifween
That nothing is but that which he hathfeen? Fairy E$uecn.
I have ever lov’d the life remov’d ;
And held in idle price to haunt affemblies.
Where youth, and coft, and witlefs brav’ry keeps.
So’t pleas’d my deftiny,
Guilty of my fin of going, to think me
As vain, as w'tlefs, and as falfe as they
Which dwell in court.
He kept us flaves, by which we fitly prove
That witlefs pity breedeth fruitlefs love.
The apple’s outward form
Delectable, the witlefs fwain beguiles,
’Till with a writhen mouth and fpattering noife
He taftes the bitter morfel and rejects.
Witling, n.f. [Diminutive of wit.J A pretender to wit;
a man of petty fmartnefs.
You have taken off the fenfelefs ridicule, which for many
years the witlings of the town have turned upon their fathers
and mothers. Addifon s Spectator.
Thofe half-learn’d witlings num’rous in our ifle,
As half-form’d infers on the banks of Nile.
A beau and witling perifh’d in the throng,
One dy’d in metaphor, and one in fong.
Wx/tness. n.f. [pitneyj-e, Saxon.]
I.Teflimony ; atteftation.
The devil can cite feripture for his purpofe;
An evil foul producing hoiy witnefs.
Is like a villain with a finding cheek ;
A goodly apple rotten at the heart. Shakefpeare.
May we, with the warrant of womanhood, and the witnefs
of a good confidence, purfue him any further revenge? Shak.
If I bear witnefs of myfelf, my witnefs is not true. John.
The fpirit beareth witnefs with our fpirit that we are the
children of God. Rom. viii. 16.
Many bare falfe witnefs, but their witnefs agreed not. Mar.
Nor was long his witnefs unconfirmed. Milton.
Ye moon and liars bear witnefs to the truth !
His only crime, if Iriendfnip can offend.
Is too much love to his unhappy friend. Dryden s ALneid.
Our fenfes bear witnefs to the truth of each others report,
concerning the exiftence of fenfible things. Locke.
2. One who gives teflimony.
The king's attorney
Urg’d on examinations, proofs, confeffions
Of divers witneffes. Shakefpeare s HenryVIII.
God is witnefs betwixt me and thee. Gen. xxxi. 50.
Thy trial choofe
With me, beft witnefs of thy virtue try’d. Milton.
A fat benefice became a crime, and witnefs too againft its
incumbent. Decay of Piety.
Nor need I fpcak my deeds, for thefe you fee;
The fun and day are witnefes for me. Dryden.
3. With a Witness. Effectually; to a great degree, fo as to
leave fome lafting mark or teflimony behind. A low phrafe.
Here was a blefling handed out with the firft pairs of ani¬
mals at their creation ; and it had effeCt with a witnefs. JVood.
Now gall is bitter with a witnefs';
And love is all delight and fweetnefs. Pror.
To Witness, v. a. [from the noun.] To atteft.
There ran a rumour
Of many worthy fellow's that were out,
Which was to my beliefwitnefs’’d the rather.
For that 1 faw the tyrant’s power a-foot. Shakefpeare.
Hearefl thou not how many things they witnefs againft thee ?
John xxvii. 13.
Though by the father he were hir’d to this,
He ne’er could witnefs any touch or kifs. Donne.
Thefe be thofe difeourfes of God, whofe effects thofe that
Jive witnefs in themfelves ; the fenfible in their fenfible na¬
tures, the reafontable in their reafonable fouls. Raleigh.
To Witness, v. n. To bear teflimony.
The fea ftrave with the winds which fhould be louder,
and the fhrouds of the fliip with a ghaftly noile to them that
were in it, witneffed that their ruin was the wager of the
others contention.
Mine eye doth his effigies witnefs,
Moll truly limn’d and living in your face.
W l T
JHitnefs you ever-burning lights above!
You elements that clip us round about!
JVitnefs that here iago now doth give
The execution of his wit, hands and heart,
To Othello’s fervice. Shakefpeare's Othello»
Lorenzo
Shall witnefs I fet forth as foon as you,
And even but now return’d. Shakefpeare:
I witnefs to
The times that brought them in. Shakefpeare,
Another beareth witnefs of me, and I know' that the witnefs
which he witnejfelh of me is true. 7°l}n v*
The Americans do acknowledge and fpeak of the deluge in
their continent, as Acofta witnejfeth, and Laet in the hiftories of them. ’ Burnet's Theory ofthe Earth.
Witnefs, ye heay’ns 1 I live not by my fault,
I ftrove to have deferv’d the death I fought Dryden s /Eneid.
Lord Falkland witneffes for me, that in a book there were
many fubje&s that I had thought on for the ftage. Dryden.
JVitnefs for me ye awful gods,
I took not arms till urg’d by felf-defence.
The eldeft law of nature. Roive.
WTtness. inter). An exclamation fignifying that perfon or
thing may atteft it.
For want of words, 01 lack of breath,
Witnefs, when I was worried with thy peels. Milton.
Witsna'pper. n.f. [v;it andyiw/).] One who affeds repartee.
Go in, firrah; bid them prepare for dinner.—
v —That is done, fir; they have all ftomachs.--
—What a witfnapper are you ! Shakefpeare.
Wi'tted. ad), [from wit.] Having wit: as a quick zuittedboy.
Wi'tticism. n.f. [from witty.’] A mean attempt at wit.
We have a libertine fooling even in his laft agonies, with
a witticifm between his teeth, without any regard to fobriety
and confcience. L Eftrange.
He is full of conceptions, points of epigram and witticifns,
Addifoon.
Dryden.
2.
Sidney.
Shakefpeare.
all which are below the dignity of heroick verfe.
WFttily. adv. [from wittyf
1. Ingenioufly; cunningly; artfully.
But is there any other beaft that lives.
Who his own harm fo ivitti/y contrives ?
With flight of imagination.
In converfation wittily pleafant, pleafantly gamefome. Sidney.
The old hermit, that never faw pen and ink, very wittily
faid to a niece of king Gordobuck, that that is, is. Shakefp.
The obftinate contemners of all helps and arts, fucb as pre¬
fuming on their own natural parts, dare deride all diligence,
and leem to mock at the terms when they underftand not the
things ; think that way to get off wittily with their ignorance.
Ben. fohnfon.
Wi'ttiness. n.f. [from witty.'] The quality of being witty.
No lefs deferveth his wittinefs in deviling, his pithinefs in
uttering, his paftoral rudenefs and his moral wifenefs. Spenfer.
Wl'TTiNCLY. adv. [from witting, knowing; pttan, Saxon,
to weet or know.] Knowingly ; not ignorantly; with know¬
ledge; by defign.
Whatfoever we work as men, the fame we do wittingly work
and freely; neither are we, according to the manner of na¬
tural agents any way fo tied, but that it is in our p wver to
leave things we do undone. Flooker.
Withhold revenge, ’tis not my fault,
Nor wittingly have I infring’d my vow. Shak. Henry VI.
During that dreadful fiege, every particular accident for bre¬
vity I wittingly pafs over. Knolles’s Hijl. of the Turks.
He knowingly and wittingly brought evil intotheworld. More
No forger of lies willingly and wittingly furnifhed out the
means of his own detection. Wejl on the RefirreWon.
WFTTOL. n.f. [pircol, Sax.] A man who knows the falfehood of his wife and feems contented ; a tame cuckold.
O Mars, for what doth ferve thy armed ax ?
To let that witold beaft confume in flames
Thy Venus child. Sidney.
Amaimon founds well ; Lucifer well; yet they are the
names of fiends: but cuckold, wittol, the devil himfelf hath
not fuch a name. Shakefpeare's Merry Wives of Windfor.
The Theban wittal, when he once defc ies
Jove is his rival, falls to facrifice. Clcavcland.
Wi'ttolly. adj. [from zvittol.] Cuckoldly.
Thejealous wittolly knave hath maffes of money. Shakefp.
Wi'ttY. adj. [from wit.]
1. Judicious; ingenious.
The deep-revolving, witty Buckingham
No more fhall be the neighbour to my counfels. Shakefp.
Thou art beautiful in thy countenance, and witty in thy
words. 'Juaith xi. 23.
2. Full of imagination.
Hiftories make men wife, poets witty, the mathematiclc,
fubtile. _ . Bacon.
Where there is a real flock of wit, yet the wittiejl fayings
will be Lund in a great mealure the iffucs i f chance. South.
io LT In
WOE
In gentle verfe the witty told their flame,
And grac’d their choiceft fongs with Emma’s name. Prior.
3. Sarcaftick ; full of taunts.
Honeycomb, who was fo unmercifully witty upon the wo¬
men, has given the ladies ample fatisfadlion by marrying a
farmer’s daughter. Addifon’ Spectator.
Wi'twal. n.f. A bird. Ainfworth.
To Wive. v. n. [from wife.] To marry ; to take a wife.
Were (he as rough
As are the fwelling Adriatick feas,
I come to wive it wealthily in Padua. Sbakefpeare.
The ancient faying is no herefy,
Hanging and wiving goes by delliny. Sbakefpeare.
A {hop of all qualities that man loves woman for; befides
that hook of wiving, fairnefs, which ftrikes the eye. Sbakefp.
Defign or chance makes others wive,
But nature did this match contrive. Waller.
To Wive. v. a.
1. To match to a wife.
She dying gave it me;
And bid me, when my fate would have me wiv'd.
To give it her. Sbakefpeare’s Othello.
2. To take for a wife.
If he have the condition of a faint, and the complexion of
a devil, I had rather he {hould fhrive me than wive me. Sbakefp.
Wi'vely. adv. [from wives.] Belonging to a wife.
i jBafllius could not abftain from praifing Parthenia, as the
perfedt piifture of a womanly virtue, and twWyfaithlulnefs. Sid.
Wives, n.f. The plural of wife.
A man of his learning {hould not fo lightly have been car¬
ried away with old wives tales, from approvance of his own
reafon. Spenfer s Ireland.
Wizard, n.f [from wife.] A conjurer ; an inchanter ; a
he-witch. it had probably at firll a laudable meaning.
Patience, good lady ; wizards know their times. Sbakefp.
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams,
And from the crofs-row plucks the letter G ;
And fays, a wizard told him that by G
His iffue difmherited {hould be. Sbakefp. Richard III.
That damn’d wizard, hid in fly difguife,
For fo by certain figns I knew, had met
Already, ere my belt fpeed could prevent
The aidlefs innocent lady his wifh’d prey. Milton.
The prophecies of wizards old
Increas’d her terror, and her fall foretold. Waller.
The wily wizardmuft be caught.
For, unconftrain’d, he nothing tells for nought. Drydcn.
WO. n.f [pa, Saxon.]
1. Grief; forrow ; mifery; calamity.
The king is mad : how ftiff is my vile fenfe.
That I ftand up and have ingenious feeling
Of my huge forrows ! better I were diftradl;
So fhould my thoughts be fever’d from my griefs;
And woes by wrong imaginations, lofe
The knowledge of themfelves Sbakefpeare’s King Lear.
So many miferies have craz’d my voice.
That my woe weary’d tongue is ftill. Sbakefpeare.
Her rafh hand in evil hour,
Forth reaching to the fruit, Eve pluck’d, five eat:
Earth felt the wound ; and nature from her feat
Sighing through all her works, gave figns of woe
That all was loft. Milton’s Paradife Loft.
O’er dreary waftes, they weep each other’s wo. Pope.
2. It is often ufed m denunciations, wo be; or in exclamations
of forrow too is; anciently wo wurth ; pa pupy, Saxon.
All is but lip wifdom which wants experience: I now, wo
is me, do try what love can do. Sidney.
Wo is my heart;
That poor foldier, that fo richly fought,
Whofe rags fham’d gilded arms; whofe naked breaft
Stept before fhields of proof, cannot be found. Sbakefpeare.
Many of our princes, woe the while !
Lie drown’d and foak’d in mercenary blood. Sbakefpeare.
Happy are they which have been my friends; and wee to my
lord chief-juftice. Sbakefpeare's Henry IV.
Howl ye, wo worth the day. Ezck. xxx. 2.
Wo be to the fhepherds of Ifrael that do feed themfelves. Ez.
Wo is me for my hurt, my wound is grievous. Jer. x. 19.
If God be fuch a being as 1 have deferibed, wo to the world
if it were without him : this would be a thoufand times great¬
er iofs to mankind than the extinguifhing of the fun. Tilloifon.
Woe to the vanquilh’d, woe! Drydcn s Albion.
3. A denunciation of calamity ; a curfe.
Can there be a wo or curfe in all the ftores of vengeance
equal to the malignity of fuch a pra&ice; of which one Angle
inftance could involve all mankind in one univerfal confuAon.
South’s Sermons.
4. Wo feems in phrafes of denunciation or imprecation to be a
fubftantive, and in exclamation an adjedlive, as particularly in
the following lines.
Woe are we, ftr! you may not live to wear
All your true followers out. Sbak, Antony and Cleopatra.
5 •
W O L
5.Wo is ufed by Sbakefpeare for a flop or ceflation; from the
particle wo pronounced by carters to their horfes when they
would have them ftop.
Love’s a mighty lord ;
And hath fo humbled me, as, I confefs,
I here is no wo to his correction. Sbakefpeare.
Woad. n.J. [pao, Saxon ] a. plant.
I he flower confifts of four leaves, which are difpofed in
form of a crofs; out of whofe flower cup rifes the pointal,
which afterwards turns to a fruit in the fhape of a tongue,
flat at the edge, gaping two ways, having but one cell, in
which is contained for the moft part one oblong feed; is
cultivated in England for the ufe of dyers, who ufe^it for lay¬
ing the foundation of many colours. Miller.
In times of old, when Britifh nymphs were known
To love no foreign fafhions like their own ;
When drefs was monftrous, and Ag-leaves the mode.
And quality put on no paint but woad. Garth.
Wo'begone. n.f. [wo and begone.] Loft in wo; diffracted
in wo; overwhelmed with forrow.
Such a man,
So dull, fo dead in look, fo woebegone,
Drew Priam’s curtain in the dead of night,
And w uld have told him half his Troy was burn’d ;
But Priam found the Are, ere he his tongue. Sbakefpeare.
Tancred he faw his life’s joy fet at nought,
So woebegone was he with pains of love. Fairfax.
Woft. The obfolete participle pallive from To Waft.
A braver choice of dauntlefs fpirits
Than now the Englifh bottoms have woft.
Did never float upon the fwelling tide. Sbakefpeare.
Wo'ful. adj. [wo and fall] *
1. Sorrowful; affiidled ; mourning.
The woful Gynecia, to whom reft was no eafe, had left her
lothed lodging, and gotten herfelf into the folitary places thofe
defart; were full of. Sidney.
How many woful widows left to bow
To Aid difgrace! Daniel’s Civil War.
In a tew’r, and never to be loos’d,
The woful captive kinfmen are inclos’d. Dryden.
2. Calamitous; afflictive.
3. W'retched; paltry; forry.
What woful fluff this madrigal would be.
In fome ftarv'd hackney-fonneteer, or me ?
But let a lord once own the happy lines,
How the wit brightens! how the ftyle reftnes if Pope*
Wo'fully. adv. [from woful.]
1. Sorrowfully; mournfully.
2. Wretchedly ; in a fenfe of contempt.
He who would pafs fuch a judgment upon his condition, as
{hall be conftrmed at that great tribunal, from which there
lies no appeal, will And himfelf wofully deceived, if he jud¬
ges of his fpiritual eftate by any of thefe meafures. South.
Wold. n.f. Wold, whether Angly or jointly, in the names of
places, Agnifles a plain open country; from the Saxon polb,
a plain and a place without wood. Gibfm’s Camden.
Wold and wald with the Saxons AgniAed a ruler or governour ; from whence bertwold is a famous governour ; athelwold
a noble governour : herwald, and by inverfion waldher, a ge¬
neral of an army. Gibfon’s Camden.
WOLF, [paly, Saxon; wolf, Dutch.]
1. A kind of wild dog that devours fheep.
Advance our waving colours on the walls,
Refcu’d is Orleans from the Englilh wolves. Sbakefpeare.
No, rather I abjure all roofs, and chufe
To be a com’rade with the wolf and owl,
Necellity’s fharp pinch. Sbakefpeare’s King Lear.
If vcclves had at thy gate howl’d that ftern time,
Thou fhould’ft have faid, go, porter, turn the key.
All cruels elfe fubferib’d. Sbakefp. King Lear.
2. An eating ulcer.
How dangerous it is in fenflble things to ufe metaphorical expreffions; and what abfurd conceits the vulgar will fwallow in
the literals, an example we have in our profefflon, who having
called an eating ulcer by the name of wolf, common apprehenAon conceives a reality therein. Brown’s ftulgar Errours.
WoTfdog. n.f. [wolf and dog.]
1. A dog of a very large breed kept to guard fheep.
The lucklefs prey, how treach’rous tumblers gain,
And dauntlefs wolfdogs {hake the lion’s mane. Tickell.
2. A dog bred between a dog and wolf.
WoTfish. adj. [from woft] Refembling a wolf in qualities
or form.
Thy defires
Are wolfjh, bloody, ftarv’d, and ravenous. Sbakefpeare.
I have another daughter,
Who, I am fure, is kind and comfortable;
When {he ftiaH hear this of thee, with her nails ^
Shall flea thy wolfijb vifage. Sbakefpeare s King Lear.
Nothing more common than thofe 1volPfh back-friends in
all our pretenftony. ^ Pftran£e>
A pre-
W O M W O N
A pretence of kindnefs is the univerfal ftale to all hafe pro¬
jects : all wolfijh defigns walk under(beeps cloathing. Gov. V on.
Wolfsbane. n.f. [wolfand bane.] A poifonous plant; aconite.
It hath circumfcribed roundifh divided leaves; the flower
confifts of four leaves, fliaped like a monkey’s hood : each of
thefe flowers are fucceedtd by three or more pods which con¬
tain feveral rough feeds: the moft part of thefe fpecies are dead¬
ly poifon Mliler.
If':If. bane is an early flower. Mortimer's Hujbanary.
Wo'lfsmilk. n.f An herb. Ainfwsrtb.
Wo'lvish adj. [tiom wolves, of wolf', wolfijh is more proper.!
Refembling a wolf.
Vv hy in this wo'vjh gown do I ftand here,
To beg of Hob and Dick. Shakefp. Caridanus.
My people are grown half wild, they would not worry one
another fo in that wovijh belluine manner elfe. Howe l.
1 here is a bale woluijh principle within that is gratified with
another s mifery. South's Sermons.
WO'MAN. [pipman, pimman, Saxon ; whence we yet pro¬
nounce women in the plural, wirmnen, Skinner.]
1. The female of the human race
That man who hath a tongue is no man,
If with his tongue he cannot win a woman. Shakfpeare.
Thou dotard, thou art woman-tir’d, unroofted
By thy dame Parlet here. Shah Jpe are's Winter sFale.
Women are fott, mild, pitiful and flexible;
Thou ftern, obdurate, flinty, rough, remorf lefs. Shakefp.
And Abimelech took men-fervants and w men fervants. Gen.
O woman, lovely woman, nature form’d thee
To temper man : we had been brutes without thee. Otway.
Ceneus a woman once and once a man;
But ending in the fex fhe firft began D>yd n's /En.
Wonun are made as they themfelves would choofe,
Too pioud to alk, too humble to refufe. Garth.
Women in their nature are much more gay and joyous than
men ; whether it be that their blood is more refined, their
fibres more delicate, and their animal fpirits more light; vi¬
vacity is the gift of women, gravity that of men. Addifon.
2. A female attendant on a perfon of rank.
I could not perfonally deliver to her
What you commanded me ; but by her zuoman
1 fent your melfage. Shakfpeare's Henry VIII.
ToWc/man v. a. [from the noun.] To make pliant like a
woman.
I’ve felt fuch quirks ofjoy and grief,
That the firft face of neither on the ftart
Can woman me unto’t. Shakefpeare.
Wo maned, adj. [from woman.] Accompanied; united with
a woman.
I do attend here on the general,
' And think it no addition nor my wifli,
To have him fee me woman d. Shakefpeare's Othello.
Womanha'ter. n.f. [woman and hater.'] One that has an
averfion from the female fex.
How could it come into your mind,
To pitch on me of all mankind,
Againft the fex to write a fatyr ;
And brand me for awem.tnbater. Swift.
Wo'manhood ln-f [from woman.] The character and colWo'manhead. J leeftive qualities of a woman. Obfolete.
Ne in her fpeech, ne in her haviour,
Was Iigh nefs feen, or loofer vanity,
But gracious womanhood and gravity Fairy Sfueen.
There dwells fweet love and conftant chaftity,
Unfpotted faith, and comely womanhood.
Regard of honour, and mild modefty. Spenfer.
’Tis prefent death I beg; and one thing,more.
That womanhood denies my tongue to tell:
O keep me from their worfe than killing luft. Shakefpeare:
When my grave is broke up again,
Some fecond gueft to entertain ;
For graves have learn’d that wornanhead
To be to more than one a bed. Donne.
Wo'manish adj. [from woman.] Suitable to a woman.
Neither doubt you, becaufe I wear a woman’s apparel, I
will be the more omanifh ; fince I allure you there is nothing
I defire more than fully to prove myfelf a man. Sidney.
Zelmane making a womanJh habit to be the armour of her
boldnefs, giving up her life to the lips of Philoclea, humbly befought her to keep her fpeech a while within the paradife of
her mind. Sidney.
A voice notfoft, weak, piping, and womanifh, but audible,
ftrong, and matlike. Afham.
She then to him thefe wnmanijh words ’gan fay,
For love of me, leave ofF. Fairy fhceen.
Our fathers minds are dead,
. And we are govern’d with our mothers fpirits;
Our yoke and fuft’rance fhew us womanijh. Shakefpeare.
1 do not think he fears death;
He never was fo womanijh. Shakefpeare.
During his banifhment, he was fo foftened and dejeded,
as he wrote nothing but a few womanijh epiftles. Bacon.
In a fad look or zvomanijk complaint. Denham.
t melt to womamjh tears, and if I flay,
I find my love my courage will betray. ' Drydcn.
The godlike hero, in his bread
Diflain’d, or was alham’d to (how
So weak, fo womanijh a woe. Drydcn<
To Womani'se. v. a. [from woman.] To emafculate; to
effeminate ; to foften. Proper, but not ufed
This effeminate love of a woman doth womanize a man. Sid.
WomanKI'nd. n f [woman and kind ] The female fex ; the
race of women.
Mufidorus had over bitterly glanced againd the reputation
* of womankind. Sidney.
So eafy is t’appeafe the ftormy wind
Of malice, in the calm of pleafant womankind. Fairy fjhieen.
Becaufe thou doat’d on womankind, admiring
Their fhape, their colour, and attra&ive grace.
None are, thou think’ft, hut taken with luch toys. Milton.
Each inconvenience makes their virtue cold ;
But womankind in ills is ever bold. Dr,den s juvenal.
Juba might make the prouded of our fex,
Any of womankind, but Marcia, happy. Addijon's Cato.
She advanc’d, that womankind
Would by her model form their mind. Swift.
Wo'manly. adj. [from woman.]
i. Becoming a woman ; fuiting a woman; feminine ; not maf*
culine.
I’m in this earthly world, where to do harm
Is often laudable; to do good fometime
Accounted dangerous folly: why then, alas !
Do I put up that womanly defence,
To fay I’d done . oJiarm. Shakefpeare.
She brings your froward wives
As prifoners, to her womanly perfuafion. Shakefpeare.
All will fpy in thy face
A blufhing womanly difeovering grace Donne.
Rage choaks my words ; ’tis womanly to Weep. D yden.
Let him be taught to put off7 all thofe tender airs, affedled
fmiles, and all the enchanting woman y behaviour that has made
him the objeft of his own admiration. Arbuthnot and Pope.
2. Notchildifh; notgirlifh.
Young perfons, under a womanly age, are often troubled
with fome of 'he fame (ymptoms. Ar'rithnot onDiet.
Wo'm a nly. adv. [from woman.] In the manner of a woman ;
effeminately.
WOMB. n.f. [wamba, Goth, ramb, Sax. weemb, Iflandick.]
1. The place of the faetus in the mother.
When yet he was bat tender bodied, and the only fon of
my womb. Shakefpeare’s Coriolanus.
New-born children bring not many ideas into the world, ba¬
ting fome faint ideas of hunger and thirft which they may have
felt in the womb. Locke.
Conceiving, as fhe flept, her fruitful womb
Swell’d with the founder ofimmortal Rome. Addifon.
2. The place whence any thing is produced.
The earth was form'd, but in the womb as yet
Of waters, embryon immature involv’d.
Appear’d not. Milton.
The womb of earth the genial feed receives. Dryden.
To Womb. v. a. [from the noun ] To inclofe; to breed in
fecret.
Not for all the fun fees, or
The clofe earth wombs, will I break my oath
To this my fair belov’d. Shakefpeare's Winter's Pale.
Wo'MBY. adj. [from womb.] Capacious.
He’ll call you to fo hot an anfwer for it,
That caves and w:mby vaultages of France
Shall chide your trefpafs, and return your mock,
In fecond accent to his ordnance. Shakefp. Henry V.
Wo'men. Plural of woman.
Thus it fhall befal
Him who to worth in women over-trufts. Milton,
Won. The preterite and participle paflive of vain.
All thefe the Parthian,
From the luxurious kings of Antioch wen. Milton.
Againft myfelf I viftorious have won,
And by my fatal abfence am undone. Drydcn.
My mother is won over to my fide, but dares not mention
me to my father, for fear of provoking him. Addifon's Spettat.
ToWon. v. n. [puman, Saxon; wonen, German.] Todwell;
to live; to have abode. Not in ufe.
Him fortuned
To come where vile Arcafia does wonn. Fairyfjhteen.
Out of the ground uprofe
As from his lair, the wild beaft where he wons
In foreft wild. MiltMs Paradife Lojl.
A people near the northern pole thattcm\
Whom Ireland fent from loughes and forefts hore. Fairf
Won. n.f. [fram the verb.] Dwelling; habitation. Obfolete.
What fecret place, quoth he, can fafely hold
So huge a mafs, and hid from heaven’s eye;
Or where haft thou thy won, that fo much gold
Thou tan’ft preferve from wrong and robbery. Fairy fjfeen.
T©
W O N
To \\ O'NDER, v. n. [punopian, Saxon; wonder, Dutch.]
lo be flruck with admiration ; to be plcafed or furprifed i'o as
to beaftonifhed.
1 he want ot thefe magazines of victuals I have oftentimes
complained of in England, and wondered at in other countiies.
Spenfer's Ireland.
His deadly wound was healed : and all the world wondered
after the beat!. Rev. xiii. 3.
No wonder to us, who have converfed with too many
ftrange unparallel’d addons, now to wonder at any thing ;
wonder is from furprife, and furprife ceafes upon experience.
South's Sermons.
King Turnus wonder'd at the fight renew’d. Dryden.
Who can wonder that all the fciences have been fo over¬
charged with infignificant and doubtful expreffions, capable to
make the mod quick-fighted very little the more knowing.
Locke.
I could not fufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of thefe di¬
minutive mortals, who durft venture to mount and walk upon
my body. Swift.
Wo'nder. n.f. [punbop, Saxon; wonder, Dutch.]
1. Admiration; aftonifhment; amazement; furprife caufed by
fomething unulual or unexpected.
What is he, whole griefs
Eear fuch an emphafis? whofe phrafe or forrow
Conjure the wand’ring ftars, and makes them ftand
Like zcwAV-wounded hearers. Sbakefpeare's Hamlet.
Wonder Caufeth aftonifhment, or an immoveable pofture of
the body ; for in zuonder the fpirits fly not as in fear, but only
fettle. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
2. Caufe ofwonder; a ftrange thing; fomething more or great¬
er than can be expeCted.
7 he Cornifh wonder-gatherer defcribeth the fame. Carew.
Great effects come of induftry in civil bufinefs; and to try
things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders. Bacon.
Lo, a wonder ftrange !
Ol every beaft, and bird, and infeCt fmall
Came {'evens, and pairs. Milton's Paradfe Loft.
What woman will you find, /
I hough of this age the zuonder and the fame.
On whom his leifure will vouchfafe an eye
Of fond defire ? Milton's Paradfe Regained,
No zuonder fleep from careful lovers flies.
To bathe himfelf in Sachariffa’s eyes;
As fair Aftrea once from earth to heav’n.
By ftrife and loud impiety was driven. Waller.
Drawn for your prince, that fword could wonders do :
The better caufe makes mine thefharper now. Waller,
3. Any thing mentioned with wonder.
There Babylon the wonder of all tongues. Milton.
Ample fouls among mankind have arrived at that prodigi¬
ous extent of knowledge which renders them the wonder and
glory of the nation where they live. Watts.
Wo'nderful. adj. [wonder full] Admirable; ftrange;
aftonifhing.
I uttered that which I underftood not, things too wonderful
for me which I knew not. Job xlii. 3.
Strange
Hath been the caufe, and wonderful to hear. Milton.
All this is very wonderful, Shakefpeare multiplies miracle up¬
on miracle to bring about the fame event in the play, which
chance with more propriety performs in the novel. Shak. lllujl.
Wo'nderful. adv. To a wonderful degree. Improperly ufed.
The houfe which I am about to build fhall be wonderful
great. 2 Chron. ii. 9.
Wonderfully, adv. [from wonderful.'] In a wonderful
manner ; to a wonderful degree.
He was much made on by the pope, who knowing him¬
felf to be unprofitable to the Chriftian world, was wonderfully
glad to hear that there were fuch echoes of him founding in
remote parts. Bacon's Henry VII.
There is fomething wonderfully divine in the airs of this
picture. • Addfon's Italy.
Wonderment, n.f. [from wonder.] Aftonifhment; amaze¬
ment. Not in ufe, except in low language.
When my pen would write her titles true,
It ravifh’d is with fancy’s wonderment. Spenfer.
I hofe things which I here fet down, do naturally take the
fenfe, and not refpeCt petty wonderments. Bacon.
The neighbours made a wonderment of it, and afked him
what he meant. L'Ejlrange.
Wo'nderstruck. adj. [wonder andfrike.] Amazed.
Afcanius, wonderjlruck to fee
1 hat image of his filial piety. Dryden s Mneid,
Wo'ndrous. adj. [This is contracted from wonderon;, ofwon¬
der.J
1. Admirable; marvellous; ftrange; furprifing.
I he credit ot whofe virtue reft: with thee ;
Wondrous indeed, if caufe of fuch efteCts. Milton.
In fuch charities fhe pafs’d the day ;
’Twas wond'rous how file found an hour to pray. Dryden.
Refearches into the fprings ot natural bodies, and their moW O O
tions, ftrould awaken us to admire the wondrous wifdom of our
Creator in all the works of nature. Watts
2. [Wondrous is barbaroufly ufed for an adverb. 1 In a ftrange
degree. &
b rom that part where Mofes rememberetb the plants, be^ott.®IJ th® fons ofgood men upon the daughters of the wicked;
did they Ileal thole wondrous great a&s oftheir ancient kin^s and
powerful giants. Raleido
. T-° th’ allurement is not hard
To minds refolv d, forewarn’d and well-prepar’d ;
But wond'rous difficult, when once befet
To druggie through the ftraits, and break th’ involving net.
rr . , Dryden.
You are fo beautiful,
So wondrous fair, you juftify rebellion. Dryden,
Sylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race, ; ’
^ Are, as when women, wond'rous fond of p’lace. P0pe.
Wo'ndrously. adv. [from wondrous.] To a ftrange degree*
My lord led vjondroufy to difeontent. Shakenenr?
This made Proferpina Jt
Make to them the greater fpeed.
For fear that they too much fhould bleed,
Which wondroujly her troubled. Drayton.
Such doClrines in the pidgeon houfe were taught:
You need not afk how wondroufy they wrought. Dryden.
Of injur’d fame, and mighty wrongs receiv’d,
Cloe complains, and wondroujly s aggriev'd. Granville.
To Wont. \v. n. [Preterite and participle mw/; punum.
To be Wont. 5 Saxon; gewoonen, Dutch.] To be accuftomed ; to ufe ; to be ufed.
A yearly folemn feaft {he wont to make
The day that firft doth lead the year around. Fdvy gheen.
Through power of that, his cunning thieveries
He wonts to work, that none the fame efpies. Hubberd.
Jafon the Theffalian was wont to fay, that fome tilings
muft be done unjuftly, that many things may be done juftiy.
1-)ClC(fl•
* I this night have dream’d;
If dream’d, not as I oft am wont, of thee.
But of offence and trouble. Milton's Paradfe Lojl.
The eagle’s fate and mine are one,
Which on the {haft that made him die
Efpy’d a feather of his own,
Wherewith he wont to foar fo high. Waller
A mother was wont always to indulge her daughters, when
any of them defired fquirrels or birds, but then they muff keep
them well. ' Lcchf
Another fort of fophifm is wont to be called an imperfeCt
enumeration or falfe induction, when from a few experiments
men infer general theorems. Watts's Logick.
WONT. n.f. [from the verb ] Cuftom; habit; ufe. Out of ufe.
Paffing their time according to their wont, they waited for
the coming of Phaiantus. Sidney.
Things natural in that regard forget their ordinary natural
went, that which is heavy mounting fometime upwards of its
own accord. _ Hooker.
’Tis not his wont to be the hindmoft man,
Whate’er occafion keeps him from us now. Shakefpeare.
They are by fudden alarm or watchword to be called out
to their military motions under fky or covert, according to
the feafon, as was the Roman wont. Milton.
Wont. A contraction of will not.
Wo'nted. part. adj. [from the verb.] Acciiffomed; ufed;
ufual.
Her champion flout, to aid his friend.
Again his wonted weapon proved. Fairy fjicen.
So pray’d they, innocent, and to their thoughts
Firm peace recover’d foon and wonted calm. Milton.
The pond-frog would fain have gotten the other frog over ;
but file was wonted to the place, and would not remove. L'Eji.
Who have no houfe, fit round where once it was.
And with full eyes each wonted room require;
Haunting the yet warm allies of the place,
As murther’d men walk where they did expire. Dryden.
Wo'ntedness. n.f. [from wonted.] State of being accuftomed to. Not in ufe.
Did I fee any thing more of Chrift in thofe that pretend
to other modes of government, I might fufpcCt mv judgment
biaffed with prejudice or wontednefs of opinion. King Charles.
Wo/nti.ess. adj. [from zuont.] Unaccuftomed ; unufual.
Whither, love, wilt thou now carry me ?
What wontlefs fury do’ft thou now infpire
Into my feeble bread, when full of thee f Sp-nfr.
To Woo. v. a [apogou, courted, Saxon.] To court; to fue
to for love.
We cannot fight for love, as men may do;
We ftiould be woo'd, and were not made to wso.Shax'jpeare,^
Some lav in dead mens fkulls; and in thofe holes
Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept,
As ’twere in fcorn of eyes, reflecting gems;
That woo'd to the ftimv bottom of the deep.
And mock’d the dead bones that lay lcatterki by. Shabeffewe.
Eancic
woo
Fancies and notions he purfues*
XVhich ne’er had being but in thought :
Each like the Grecian artift woos
The image he himfelf has wrought. Prior.
My proud rival woos
Another partner to his throne and bed.
Philips’s Dijlrejl'Mother.
Oh, ftretch thy reign, fair peace! from fhore to (hore,
Till conqueft ceafe, and flav’ry be no more;
Till the freed Indians in their native groves
Reap their own fruits, and woo their fable loves. Pope.
2. To court folicitoufly; to invite with importunity.
Yet can Ihe love a foreign emperor,
Whom of great worth and pow’r {he hears to be;
If fhe be woo’d but by ambaffador,
Or but his letters or his pictures fee :
So while the virgin foul on earth doth flay.
She woo'd and tempted is ten thoufand ways
By thefe great pow’rs, which on the earth bear Cway,
The wifdom of the world, wealth, pleafure, praife.
Davies.
Sweet bird that fhun’ft the noife of folly,
Moft mufical, raoft melancholy !
Thee, chauntrefs oft the woods among,
I woo to hear thy even-fong. Milton.
To Woo. v. n. To court; to make love.
With pomp, and trains, and in a crowd they woo,
When true felicity is but in two. Dryden.
WOOD. adj. [wods, Gothick; pob, Saxon; woed, Dutch.]
Mad ; furious; raging. Obfolete.
Winds do rage, as winds were woody
And caufe fpring tides to raife great flood. Puffer.
Coal-black fteeds yborn of hellifh brood,
That on their rufty bits did champ as they were wood.
Fairy Queen.
Calm the tempeft of his paflion wood;
The banks are overflown, when flopped is the flood. Fa. Q.
Wood. «. f. [pube, Saxon; woudy Dutch.]
i. A large and thick plantation of trees.
The wood-born people fall before her flat,
And worlhip her as goddefs ofthe wood. Fairy Queen.
St. Valentine is paft:
Begin thefe wood-birds but to couple now ? Shakefpeare.
The woods are ruthlefs, dreadful, deaf and dull:
There fpeak and ftrike. Shakefpeare's Pitas and Andronicus.
Light thickens, and the crow
Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
Hecate, when {he gave to rule the woods,
Then led me trembling through thofe dire abodes. Dryden.
i. The fubftance of trees; timber.
Balm his foul head with warm diftilled waters,
And burn fweet wood to make the lodging fweet. Shakefp.
The cavity ofthe tin plate was filled with a melted cement,
made of pitch, rofin, and itW-alhes, well incorporated.
Boyle.
Having filled it about five inches with throughly kindled
wood-coals, we let it down into the glafs. Boyle.
Of long growth there flood
A laurel’s trunk, a venerable wood. Dryden's Mneid.
The foft wood turners ufe commonly. Moxon.
The fize offaggots and wood-ft.acks differs in moft countries.
Mortimer’s Hujbandry.
Herrings muft be fmoked with wood. Child.
Wooda'nemone. n.f A plant.
Woo'dbind. 7 n. r r„ubbint>, Saxon.] Honeyfuckle.
Wo6'dbine. 5 J u
Beatrice, e’en now
Couch’d in the woodbind coverture. Shakefpeare.
The nymphs of the mountains would be drawn, upon their
heads garlands of woodbine and wild rofes. Peacham.
Woo'dcock. n.f. [pobucoc, Saxon.] A bird of paffage with
a long bill; his food is not known. It is a word ludicroufly
ufed for a dunce.
He hath bid me to a calve’s head and a capon ; {hall I not
find a woodcock too. Shakefpeare.
Soon as in doubtful day the woodcock flies,
Her cleanly pail the pretty houfewife bears. Gay.
Woo'ded. adj. [from wood.] Supplied with wood.
The lord Strutts have been poffeffed of a very great landed
eftate, well-conditioned, wooded and watered. Arbuthnot.
Wooddrink. n.f Deco&ion or infufion of medicinal woods,
as faffafras.
The drinking elder-wine or wooddrinks are very ufeful.
Flayer on the Humours.
Woo'den. adj. [from wood.]
i. Ligneous ; made of wood ; timber.
Like a ftrutting player, whofe conceit
Lies in his hamftring, he doth think it rich
To hear the wooden dialogue and found
’Twixt his ftretch’d footing and the fcaffoldage. Shakefpeare
They ufed to vault or leap up; and therefore they had wood
on horfes in their houfes and abroad. Brown's Vulgar Errours
WOO
Prefs’d with the burden, Caeneus pants for breath;
And on his {houlders bears the wooden death. Drydeni
The haberdafher ftole off his hat that hung upon a wooden
pCg_ Addifon's Spectator*
2. Clumfy; awkward.
I’ll win this lady Margaret: for whom ?
Why, for my king i tulh, that’s a wooden thing. Shakefpeare.
When a bold man is out of countenance, he makes a very
wooden figure on it. A . Collier ofConfidence.
Woodfre'tter. n.f. [tereSy Lat.] An infe& ; a Woodworm.
J Amfworth„
Woo'dhole. n.f. [wood and hole.] Place where wood is laid
up. , ,,
What {hould I do ? or whither turn r amaz d,
Confounded to the dark recefs I fly,
Of woodhole. x , , Phllt^\
Woo'dland. n.f. [wood and land.] Woods; ground covered
with woods. ,
This houlhold beaft, that us’d the woodland grounds.
Was view’d at firft by the young hero’s hounds*
As down the ftream he fwam. Dryden's/t.ncid.
He that rides poft through a country, may, from the tranfient view, tell how in general the parts lie; here a morals,
and there a river, wood’and in one part, and favanas in another.
Locke6
By her awak’d, the woodland choir
To hail the common god prepares ;
i And tempts me to refume the lyre.
Soft warbling to the vernal airs.
Fenton’s Ode to Lord Gower.
Here hills and vales, the woodland and the plain,
Here earth and water feems to ftrive again. Pope.
Woodla'rk. n.f A melodious fort ot wild lark.
Woo'dlouse. n.f [wood and loufe.] An Infedt.
The millepes or woodloufe is a fmall infedl of an oblong
fio-ure, about half an inch in length, and a fifth of an inch in
breadth; of a dark blueifh or livid grey colour, and having
its back convex or rounded : notwithftanding the appellation
of millepes, it has only fourteen pair of fhort legs ; it is a very
fwift runner, but it can occafionally roll itfelf up into the form
of a ball, which it frequently does, and fuffers itfelf to be ta¬
ken. They are found in great plenty under old logs of wood
or large ftones, or between the bark and wood of decayed trees.
Millepedes are aperient, attenuant, and detergent; and the
beft way of taking them is fwallowing them alive, which is
eafily and conveniently done; and they are immediately deftroyed on falling into the ftomach. Hill's Materia Medica.
Wrap thyfelf up like a woodloufe, and dream revenge.
Congreve»
There is an infetft they call a woodloufy
That folds up itfelf in itfelf, for a houfe.
As round as a ball, without head, without tail.
Inclos’d eap-a-pe in a ftrong coat of mail. Swift.
Woodman, n.f [wooda.n& man.] A fportfman; a hunter.
Their cry being compofed of fo well forted mouths, that any
man would perceive therein fome kind of proportion, but the
{kilful woodmen did find a mufick. t Sidney.
The duke is a better woodman than thou takeft him for.
Shakefpeare<
This is fome one like us night foundered here,
Or elfe fome neighbour woodman. Milton.
So when the woodman s toil her cave furrounds,
And with the hunter’s cry the grove refounds.
With grief and rage the mother-lion flung,
Fearlefs herfelf, yet trembles for her young. Pope.
Woo'dmonger. n.f. [woodand monger.] A woodfeller.
Woo'dnote. n.f Wild mufick.
Then to the well-trod ftage anon,
If Johnfon’s learned fock be on,
Or fweeteft Shakefpear, fancy’s child,
Warble his native ivoodnotes wild. Miltort.
Woodny'mph. [wood and nymph.] Dryad.
Soft fhe withdrew, and like a wiodnymph light,
Oread, or Dryad, or of Delia’s train,
Betook her to the groves. Milton's Paradife Lojl*
By dimpled brook and fountain brim,
The woodnymphsy deck’d with daifies trim*
Their merry wakes and paftimes keep. Milton.
Woodo'ffering. n. f. Wood burnt on the altar*
We caft the lots for the woodoffering. _ _ Neb. x. 34-
W"oo,dpecker. n.f [wood and peck ; picas martins? Lat.] A
bird. , , r
The ftru&ure of the tongue of the woodpecker is very lin¬
gular, whether we look at its great length, its bones and mufcles, its incompaffing parts of the neck and head, the better
to exert itfelf in length, and, again, to retraft it into its cell;
and laftly, whether we look at its {harp, horny, bearded point,
and the gluey matter at the end of it, the better to flab and
draw little maggots out of wood. Derham’s Phyfco-theology.
Woodpi'geon or Woodculver. n.f A wild pigeon.
Woodroo'f. n.f. An herb. Amfworth.
3° X
WOc/dS AREI
woo
Wo'odsare. n.f
T he froth called woodfare, being like a kind of fpittle, is
found upon herbs, as lavender and fage. Bacon.
Wo odseere. n. J. [wood and fere.] The time when there is
no fap in the tree.
brom May to O&ober leave cropping, for why,
In ivoodfeere, whatfoever thou croppeft fhall die. Tuffetr.
Wo'odSorrel. n.f [oxys, Latin.] A plant.
The characters are : it hath a bell-fhaped flower, confifting
of one leaf, having its brim wide expanded, and cut into feveral divifions: the pointal, which rifes from the flowercup,
becomes an oblong membranous fruit, divided into feminal
cells, opening outward from the bafe to the top, and inclofing
feeds, which often ftart from their lodges, by reafon of the
elaftick force of the membrane which involves them. Miller.
Woo'dwarn.n.f. [wood and ward.] A forefter.
Wo'ody. adj. [from wood]
1. Abounding with wood.
Thou haft led me up
A woody mountain, whofe high top was plain. Milton.
Oft in glimmering bow’rs and glades
He met her, and in fecrct fliades
Of woody Ida’s inmoft grove. Milton.
Four times ten days i’ve pafs’d
Wand’ring this woody maze, and human food
Nor rafted, nor had appetite. Milton's Paradife Regain'd.
Diana’s woody realms he next invades,
And, erodes through the coniecrated fhades, Addifon.
2. Ligneous; confifting of wood.
In the woody parts of plants, which are their bones, the
principles are fo compounded as to make them flexible without
joints, and alfo elaftick. Grew.
Herbs are thofc plants whofe ftalks are foft, and have
nothing woody in them, as grafs and hemlock. . Locke.
3. Relating to woods.
With the woody nymphs when fbe did play. Fairy fueen.
All the fatyrs fcorn their woody kind,
And henceforth nothing fair but her on earth they find.
Fairy fueen.
Woo'er. n.f. [from woo.] One who courts a woman.
The wooers moft are touckt in this oftent.
To whom are dangers great and imminent. Chapman.
Ariftippus faid, that thofe that ftudied particular fciences,
and negleCted philofophy, were like Penelope’s wooers, that
made love to the waiting woman. Bacon's Apophthegms.
Ufurping wooers felt his thund’ring fword,
And willing nations knew their native lord. Creech.
Woof. n.f. [from wove.]
1. The fet of threads, that crofles the warp ; the weft.
7 he placing of the.tangible parts in length or tranfverfe, as
in the warp and the woof of textile, is more inward or more
outward. Bacon's Natural Hifory.
2. Texture; cloath.
A veft of purple flow’d,
Iris had dipp’d the woof. Milton's Paradife Lof.
I muft put off
Thefe (ny Iky-robes, fpun out of Iris’ woof. Milton.
To fpread the pall beneath the regal chair,
Of fofteft woof is bright Alcippe’s care. Pope's Odyffey.
Woo'ingly. adv. [from wooing.] Pleafingly; fo as to invite
ftay.
7 he temple-haunting martlet does approve,
By his lov’d manlionry, that heaven’s breath
Smells w-oingly here. Shake/. King Lear.
WOOL. n.f. [pul, Saxon ; wollen, Dutch.]
1. 7 he fleece of flheep ; that which is woven into cloath,
Bafe-minded wretches, for refpedf of gain, fome paultry
wool may yield you, to let fo much time pafs without know¬
ing perfectly her eftate. Sidney.
A gown made of the fineft wool,
Which from our pretty lambs we pull;
Fair lined flippers for the cold.
With buckles of the pureft gold. Raleigh.
Concerning their complaint for price of wool, he would give
order that his commillioners fhould caufe clothiers to take wool,
paying only two parts of the price. Hayward.
Struthium is a root ufed by the wool-drefiers. Arhuthnot.
2. Any fhort thick hair.
In the cauldron boil and bake;
IVool of batt and tongue of dog. Sbakefp. Macleth.
Wo'olfel. n.f. [wool and fell.] Skin not ftripped of the
wool.
Wool and woolfels were ever of little value in this kingdom- . Davies on Ireland.
Wo'ollew. adj. [from wool.] Made of wool not finely dreffed,
and thence ufed likewife for anything coarfe.
I was wont
To call them woollen vaflals, things created
To buy and fell with groats. * Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
I could not endure a huiband with a beard on his face: I had
rather lye in woollen. Sbakefp. Much Ado about Nothing.
IVoollen cloth will tenter, linen fcarcely. Bacon.
W O R
At dawn of day our general cleft his pate,
Spite of his woollen night-cap. j
Woo'LLHN. n.f. Cloath made of wool. }
Ilis breeches were of rugged woollen,
And had been at the fiege of Bullen. Hudibras.
Odious. in woollen ! ’twould a faint provoke 1
Nd, let a charming chintz and Bruflbls lace
Wrap my cold limbs and (hade my lifelefs face. Pete
He is a bel-efpnt and a woollen draper. Swift
Woolsack* \n'f' twool> Pack> andfack.]
1. A bag of wool; a bundle of wool.
2. The feat of the judges in the houfe of lords.
At bar abufive, on the bench unable
Knave on the woolfack, fop at council-table. Drxden.
3. Any thing bulky without weight. '
Chaos of prefbyt’ry, where laymen guide
With the tame woolpack clergy by their fide. Clcaveland
Wo olward. adv. [wool and ward.] Jn wool. Not ufed *
1 have no fhirt: I go woolward for penance. Sbakefteare
Wo'olly. adj. [from wool.] , Jp e’
r. Confifting of wool; cloathed with wool.
When the work of generation was
Between thefe vjoolly breeders,
The fkilful fhepherd peel’d me certain wands. Shdkefpeare.
Some few, by temp’rance taught, approaching flow.
To diftant fate by eafyjourneys go:
Gently they lay ’em down, as ev'ning fheep
On their own woolly fleeces foftly fleep. Drydcn.
2. Refembling wool.
What fignifies
My fleece of woody hair, that now uncurls ? Shakefpeare.
Nothing profits more
Than frequent fnows : O may’ft thou often fee
. Thy furrows whiten’d by the woolly rain,
Nutritious! J. Philips
WORD. n.f. [popb, Saxon ; woord., Dutch.]
1. A Tingle part of fpeech.
If you ipeax three words, it will three times report you the
three words. iW.
. As conceptions are the images of things to the mind within
itfelf, fo are words or names the marks of thofe conceptions to
the minds of them we converfe with. South's Sermons.
Amongft men who confound their ideas with words, there
muft be endlefs difputes, wrangling, and jargon. Locke.
Each wight who reads not, and but fcans and fpells.
Each word catcher that lives on fyllables. Pot,,
2. A fhort difcourfe. P
Shall I vouchfafe your worfhip a word or two ?
Two thoufand, and I’ll vouchfafe thee the hearing. Shak.
A word, Lucilius,
How he receiv’d you. Sbakefp. Julius Cafar.
A friend who fhall own thee in thy loweft condition, anfwer
all thy wants, and, in a word, never leave thee. South.
In a word, theGofpel defcribes God to us in all refpedls
fuch a one as we would wifh him to be. Tillctfon.
3* Falk; difcourfe.
Why fhould calamity be full of words?
—Windy attorneys to their client woes !
Let them have fcope, though what they do impart
Help nothing elfe, yet they"do eafe the heart. Shak. R. III.
If you diflike the play,
Pray make no words on’t ’till the fecond day,
Or third be paft; for we would have you know it.
The lofs will fall on us, not on the poet. Denham.
Ceafe this contention : be thy words fevere.
Sharp as he merits; but the fword forbear. Dryden.
If words ace fometimes to be ufed, theyrought to be grave,
kind, and fober, reprefenting the ill, or unbecominenefs of the
faults. Zcofc.
If I appear a little word-bound in my firft folutions, I hope
it will be imputed to the long difufe of fpeech. Spectator.
4. Difpute; verbal contention.
In argument upon a cafe,
Some words there grew ’twixt Somerfet and me. Sbakefp.
5. Language.
hound you no difpleafure by word or countenance ? Sbakefp.
111 write thee a challenge, or I’ll deliver thy indignation to
him by word of mouth. Shakef. Twelfth Night.
He commanded the men to be ranged in battalions, and rid
to every fquadron, giving them fuch words as were proper to
the occafion. Clarendon.
An eafy way, by word of mouth communicated tomo.Boyle.
6. Promife.
Obey thy parents, keep thy word]uf[\y, fwear not. Shakef.
I take your princely word for thefe redrefles.
—I give it you, and will maintain my word. Shak. H. IV.
7'heduke fhall wield his conqu’ring fword,
7 he king fhall pafs his honeft word. Dryden.
7. Sigfial; token.
Every foldier, kill his prifoners;
Give the word through. Shak. Henry V.
8. Account;
W o R W O R
8. Account; tydings; meflagc.
Bring me word thither
How the world goes, that to the pace of it
I may fpur on my journey. Shakefp. Coriolanus.
Why fhould (he write to Edmund ? Alight not you
Tranfport her purpofes by word? Sbakefp. King Lear.
Two optick nerves fhe ties.
Like fpeftacles acrofs the eyes;
By which the fpirits bring her word.
Whene’er the balls are fix’d or ftirr’d. Prior.
9. Declaration.
I know you brave, and take you at your word;
That prefent fervice which you vaunt, afford. Dryden.
10. Affirmation.
Every perfon has enough to do to work out his own falvation ; which, if we will take the apoftle’s word, is to be done
with fear and trembling. Decay of Piety.
I defire not the reader fhould take my word, and therefore
I will fet two of their difcourfes in the fame light for every
man to judge. Dryden.
IT. Scripture; word of God.
They fay this church of England neither hath the word
^ purely preached, nor the facraments fincerely miniftred. Whitg.
12. The fecond perfon of the ever adorable Trinity. A fcripture term.
Thou my Word, begotten foil, by thee
This I perform. Milton.
To Word. v. n. [from the noun.] To difpute.
He that defcends not to word it with a fhrew, does worfe
than beat her. L’Eftrange.
To Word. v. a. To exprefs- in proper words.
Let us blacken him what we can, {aid Harrifon of the bleffed
king, upon the wording and drawing up his charge againft ap¬
proaching trial. South'’5 Sermons.
Whether I have improved thefe fables or no, in the wording
or meaning of them, the book muft ftand or fall to itfelf. L’Ejl.
The apology for the king is the fame, but worded with
greater deference to that great prince. Addifon.
Wo'rdy. adj. [from word.] Verbofe; full of words.
Phocion, beholding a wordy orator, while he was making a
magnificent fpeech full of vain promifes, faid, I now fix my
eyes upon a cyprefs-tree: it has all the pomp imaginable in
its branches, leaves, and height; but it bears no fruit. SpeCtat.
We need not lavifh hours in wordy periods,
As do the Romans, ere they dare to fight. Philips’s Briton.
Intemp’rate rage, a wordy war, began. Pope.
Wore. The preterite of wear.
This on his helmet wore a lady’s glove.
And that a fleeve embroider’d by his love. Dryden.
My wife, the kindeft, deareft, and the truefi:
That ever wore the name. Rowe's Royal Convert.
To WORK. v. n. pret. worked, or wrought, [peopcan, Saxon;
werken, Dutch.]
1. To labour; to travail; to toil.
Good Kent, how fhall I live and work
To match thy goodnefs ? life will be too fhort. Shakejp.
Go and work ; for no ftraw fhall be given you. Ex. v. 18.
Whether we work or play, or fleep or wake,
Our life doth pafs, and with time’s wings doth fly. Davies.
2. To be in aftion ; to be in motion.
Glory grows guilty of detefted crimes,
When for fame’s fake
We bend to that the working of the heart. Shakefpeare.
In Morat your hopes a crown defign’d,
And all the woman work’d within your mind. ^Dryden.
3. To aft ; to carry on operations.
Aday be the Lord will work for us. 1 Sa. xiv. 6.
Our better part remains
To work in clofe defign. Milton.
4. To aft as a manufacturer.
They that work in fine flax. If xix. 9.
5. To ferment.
Into wine and ftrong beer put fome like fubftances, while
thev work, which may make them fume and inflame lefs. Bac.
Try the force of imagination upon ftaying the working of
beer, when the barm is put in. Bacon.
If in the wort of beer, while it worketh, before it be
tunned, the burrage be often changed with frefh, it will make
a fovereign drink for melancholy. Bacon’s Natural Rijlory.
6. To operate; to have effeft.
With fame other bufinefs put the king
From thefe fad thoughts that work too much upon him. Shak.
All things work together for good to them that love God.
Rom. viii. 28.
Gravity worketh weakly, both far from the earth, and alfo
within the earth. Bacon.
Although the fame tribute laid by confent, or by impofing,
be all one to the purfe, yet it works diverfely on the courage:
no people overcharged with tribute is fit for empire. Bacon.
Thefe pofitive undertakings wrought upon many to think
that this opportunity fhould not be loft. Clarendon.
Nor number, nor example with him wrought
To fwerve from truth, or change his conftant mind. Milton.
We fee the workings of gratitude in the Ifraelites. South.
Objefts of pity, when the caufe is new,
Would work too fiercely on the giddy crowd. Dryden.
Poifon will work againft the ftars: beware,
For ev’ry meal an antidote prepare. Dryd. jun. Juvenal.
When this reverence begins to work in him, next confider
his temper of mind. Locke.
This fo wrought upon the child, that afterwards he defired
to be taught. * Locke.
Humours and manners work more in the meaner fort than
with the nobility. Addifon on Italy.
The ibibaboca is a foot round, and three yards and a half
long: his colours are white, black, and red : of all ferpents his
bite is the moft pernicious, yet worketh the floweft. Grew.
7. To obtain by diligence.
Without the king’s affent
You wrought to be a legate. Shakefp Henry VIII.
He hath wrought with God this day. 1 Sa. xiv. 45.
8. To aft internally ; to operate as a purge, or other phyfick.
Work on,
My medicine, work 1 thus credulous fools are caught. Shak.
I fhould have doubted the operations of antimony, where
fuch a potion could not work. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
It is benign, nor far from the nature of aliment, into which,
upon defeft of working, it is oft times converted. Brown.
Moft purges heat a little; and all of them work beft, that is,
caufe the blood fo to do, as do fermenting liquors, in warm
weather, or in a warm room. Grew’s Cojmol.
9. To aft as on an object.
Let it be pain of body, or diftrefs of mind, there’s matter
yet left for philofophy and conftancy to work upon. L’E/ir.
Natural philofophy has fenfible objefts to wmk upon; but
then it often puzzles the reader with the intricacy of its no¬
tions. Addifon.
The predictions BickerftafF publiflied, relating to his death,
too much affected and worked on his imagination. Swift.
10. To make way.
Body fhall up to fpirit work. Milton.
Who would truft chance, fince all men have the feeds
Of good and ill, which fhould work upward’firft ? Dryden.
ir. To be tolled or agitated.
Vex’d by wint’ry ftorms, Benacus raves,
Confus’d with working fands and rolling waves. Addifon.
To Work. v. a.
1. To make by degrees.
Sidelong he works his way. Milton.
Through winds, and waves, and ftcrms he works his way.
Impatient for the battle: one day more
Will fet the viftor thundering at our gates. Addifon.
2. To labour; to manufacture.
He could have told them of two or three gold mines, and
a filver mine, and given the reafon why they forbare to work
them at that time, and when they left off' from working
them. Raleigh’s Apology.
The chaos, by the Divine Power, was wrought from one
form into another, ’till it fettled into an habitable earth. Burn.
This mint is to work off part of the metals found in the
neighbouring mountains. Addifon.
The young men acknowledged in love-letters, fealed with
a particular wax, with certain enchanting words wrought upon
the feals, that they died for her. Tatler.
They now begin to work the wond’rous frame,
To fhape the parts, and raife the vital flame. Blackmore.
The induftry of the people works up all their native com¬
modities to the laft degree of manufacture. Swift.
3. To bring by aftion into anyftate.
So the pure limpid ftream, when foul with ftains
Of ruffling torrents and defcending rains,
Works itfelf clear, and, as it runs, refines,
’Till by degrees the floating mirrour Ihines. Addifon’s Cato.
4. To influence by fucceffive impulfes.
If you would work any man, know his nature and faflfions,
and fo lead him. Bacon.
To haften his deftruftion, come yourfelf,
And work your royal father to his ruin. A. Philips,
5. To produce; to effeft.
Fly the dreadful war,
That in thyfelf thy lefler parts do move,
Outrageous anger, and woe-working jar. Fairy Queen.
Love worketh no ill to his neighbour. Rom. xiii. 10.
Our light affliction for a moment worketh for us a far more
eternal weight of glory. 2 Cor. iv. 1 8.
We might work any effeft, not holpen by the co-operation
of fpirits, but only by the unity of nature. Bacon.
Moifture, although it doth not pafs through bodies without
communication of fome fubftance, as heat and cold do, yet it
worketh eft'efts by qualifying of the heat and cold.'* Bacon.
Such power, being above all that the underftanding of man
can conceive, may well work fuch wonders. Drummond.
4 God,
W O R
God, only wife, to punifli pride of wit,
Among mens wits hath this confufion wrought;
As the proud tow’r, whofe points the clouds did hit,
By tongues confufion was to ruin brought. Davies.
Of the tree,
Which, tafted, works knowledge of good and evil,
Thou may’ft not: in the day thou eat’ft, thou dy’ft. Milton.
6. To manage.
Mere perfonal valour could not fupply want of knowledge
in building and working (hips. Arbuthnot.
7. To put to labour ; to exert.
Now, Marcus, thy virtue’s on the proof;
Put forth thy utmoft ftrength, work every nerve.
And call up all thy father in thy foul. Addifon's Cato.
8. To embroider with a needle.
9. To Work out. To effect by toil.
Not only every fociety, but every Tingle perfon has enough
to do to work out his own falvation. Decay of Piety.
The mind takes the hint from the poet, and works out the
reft by the ftrength of her own faculties. Addifon.
10. To Work out. To eraze ; to efface.
Tears of joy for your returning fpilt,
Work out and expiate our former guilt. Dryden.
11. 7oWork&/>. To raife.
That which is wanting to work up the pity to a greater
height, was not afforded me by the ftory. Dryden.
This lake refembles a fea, when worked up by ftorms. Adaif.
i he fun, that rolls his chariot o’er their heads.
Works up more fire and colour in their cheeks. Addif Cato.
We fhould inure ourfelves to fuch tho ghts, ’till they have
worked up our fouls into filial awe and love of him. Atterbury.
Work. n. f. [peojic, Saxon; ive>k, Dutch ]
1. Toil; labour; employment.
Bread, corre&ion, and work for a fervant. EccJuf. xxxiii.
In the bottom of fome mines in Germany there grow
vegetables, which the work-foiks fay have magical virtue. Bac.
The ground, unbid, gives more than we can afk;
But work is pleafure, when we chufe our tafk. Dryden.
2. A ftate of labour.
All the world is perpetually at work, only that our poor mor¬
tal lives fhould pafs the happier for that little time we poffefs
them, or elfe end the better when we lofe them: upon this
occafion riches came to be coveted, honours efteemed, friendfhip purfued, and virtues admired. Temple.
3. Bungling attempt.
It is pleafant to fee v/hztwork our adverfaries make with this
innocent canon: fometimes ’tis a mere forgery of hereticks,
and fometimes the bifhops that met there were not fo wife as
they fhould have been. Stillingfeet.
4. Flowers or embroidery of the needle.
Round her work fhe did empale.
With a fair border wrought of fundry flowers,
Inwoven with an ivy-winding trail. Spenfer.
That handkerchief, you gave me: I muft take out the
work : a likely piece of work, that you fhould find it in your
chamber, and know not who left it there. This is fome
minx’s token, and I muft take out the work ? There, give it
your hobbyhorfe: wherefoever you had it, I’ll take out no
work on’t. Shakefp, Othello.
5. Any fabrick or compages of art.
Nor was the work impair’d by ftorms alone,
But felt th’ approaches of too warm a fun. Pope.
Action ; feat; deed.
The inftrumentalnefs of riches to works of charity, have
rendered it neceffary in every Chriftian commonwealth by laws
to fecure propriety. Hammond.
As to the compofttion or diffolution of mixt bodies, which
is the chief work of elements, and requires an intire applica¬
tion of the agents, water hath the principality and excefs over
earth. Digby.
Nothing lovelier can be found in woman,
Than good works in her hufband to promote. Milton.
While as the works of bloody Mars employ’d.
The wanton youth inglorious peace enjoy’d. Pope.
7. Any thing made.
Where is that holy fire, which verfe is faid
To have ? Is that enchanting force decay’d ?
Verfe, that draws nature’s works from nature’s law,
Thee, her beft work, to her ivork cannot draw. Donne.
O faireft of creation! laft and beft
Of all God’s works ! creature, in whom excels
Whatever can to fight or thought be form’d ;
Holy, divine, good, amiable, or fweet,
How art thou loft ! Milton's Paradife Lojl.
8. Management; treatment.
Let him alone; I’ll go another way to work with him. Shak.
9. To fet on Work. To employ ; to engage.
Itfetteth thofe wits on work in better things, which would be
elfe employed in worfe. Hooker.
Wo'rker n.J. [from work.] One that works.
Ye fair nymphs, which ofientimes have loved
The cruel worker of your kindly fmarts.
Prepare yourfelves, and open wide your hearts. Spenfer.
W O R
His father was a worker in brafs. 1 Kings vii. 14.
You fpoke me fair; but even then betrayed me: depart
from me, you profeflors of holinefs, but workers of iniquity.
South's Sermons.
Wo'rkfellow. n.f [work andfellow.J One engaged in the
fame work with another.
1 imotheus, my workfcllow, and Lucius, falute you. Rom.
Wo'RKHOUSE. J r rr , . , t
Wo'rkinghouse. i * f°m work and houfe.]
1. A place in which any manufacture is carried on.
The quick forge and workinghoufe of thought. Shak.H.V.
Protogenes had his workhoufe in a garden out of town, where
he was daily finilhing thofe pieces he begun. Dryden.
2. A place where idlers and vagabonds are condemned to labour.
Haft thou fuffered at any time by vagabonds and pilferers ?
Efteem and promote thofe ufeful charities which remove fuch
pefts into prifons and workhoufes. Atterbury.
Wo'rkingdav. n.f [work and day.] Day on which labour
is permitted; not the fabbath
How full of briars is this workingday world ? Shakefpeare.
Will you have me, lady ?
-No, my lord, unlefs I might have another for workingdays ; your grace is too coftly to wear every day. Shakejp.
Wo'rkman, n.f. [work man.] An artificer; a maker of
any thing.
When workmen ftrive to do better than well,
They do confound their (kill in covetoufnefs. Shakefp.
If prudence works, who is a more cunning workman f Wifd.
There was no other caufe preceding than his own
will, no other matter than his own power, no other work¬
man than his own word, and no other confideration than his
own infinite goodnefs. Ralei h.
1 hey have inferibed the pedeftal, to (hew their value for
the workman. Addifon cn Italy.
Wo'rkmanly. adj. [from workman, j Skilful; well per¬
formed ; workmanlike.
Wo'rkmanly. adv. Skilfully; in a manner becoming a
workman.
In having but fortie foot zvorkmanly dight,
Take faffron enough for a lord and a knight. Tujfer.
We will fetch thee ftraight
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood.
Scratching her legs, that one fhall fwear fhe bleeds.
And at that fight fhall fad Apollo weep,
So workmanly the blood and tears are drawn. Shakefpeare.
Wo'rkmanship. n.f. [from workman.]
1. Manufacture; fomething made by anyone.
Nor any ikill’d in zvorkmanjhip embofs’d,
Nor any (kill'd in loops of fing’ring fine.
Might in their diverfe cunning ever dare
With this fo curious network to compare. Spenfer.
By how much Adam exceeded all men in perfection, by
being the immediate workmanjhip of God, by fo much did that
chofen garden exceed all parts of the world. Raleigh.
He moulded him to his own idea, delighting in the choice
of the materials; and afterwards, as great architects ufe to do,
in the zv.rkmanfloip of his regal hand. Wotton.
What more reafonable than to think, that if we be God’s
workmanjhip^ he fhall fet this mark of himfelf upon all reafon¬
able creatures ? TiliotJ'on.
2. The fkill of a worker; the degree of fkill difeovered in any
manufacture.
The Tritonian goddefs having heard
Her blazed fame, which all the world had fill’d,
Came down to prove the truth, and due reward
For her praife-worthy workmanjhip to yield. Spenfer.
3. The art of working.
If there were no metals, ’tis a myftery to me how
Tubal-cain could ever have taught tho workmanjhip and ufe of
them. Woodward's Natural Hijlory.
Wo'rkmaster. n.f [work and majler.] The performer of
any work.
What time this world’s great workmajler did caft
To make all things, fuch as we now behold.
It feems that he before his eyes had plac’d
A goodly pattern, to whofe perfeCt mould
He fafhion’d them fo comely. Spenfer.
Every carpenter and workmajler that laboureth. Eccl. xxxviii.
Defire, which tends to know
The works of God, thereby to glorify
The great workmajler, leads to no excefs. Milt. Parad. Lojl;
Workwoman. n.J. [work and woman.]
1. A woman (killed in needle-work.
The moll fine-fingred workwoman on ground,
Arachne, by his means was vanquilhed. Spenfer.
2. A woman that works for hire.
Wo'rkyday. n.f. [Corrupted from workingday.] The day
not the fabbath.
Tell her but a workyday fortune. Srakefpeare.
The other days, and thou
Make up one man ; whole face thou art.
The workydays are the back part;
T he burden of the week lies there. Herbert.
Holydays.
WOR
Holydays, if haply {he were gone,
Like workydays, I wilh would loon be done: (jay.
WORLD, n.f. [poplo, Saxon ; wereld, Dutch.]
1. World is the great colle&ive idea of all bodies whatever. Loc.
2. Syftem of beings.
Begotten before all worlds. Nicenc Creed.
God hath in thefe hit days fpoken unto us by his fon, by
whom he made the worlds. Hebr. i. 2.
Know how this world
Of heav’n and earth confpicuous firft began. Milton.
3. The earth; the terraqueous globe.
He the world
Built oh circumfluous waters. Milton's Paradife Lojl.
4. Prefent Hate of exiftence.
I’m in this earthly world, where to do harm
Is often laudable ; to do good fometime
Accounted dangerous folly. Shakefp. Macbeth.
I was not come into the world then. L'Ejlrange.
He wittingly brought evil into the world. More.
Chriflian fortitude confifts in fuffering for the love of God,
whatever hardlhips can befal in the world. Dryden.
5. A fecular life.
Happy is Ihe that from the world retires.
And carries with her what the world admires.
Thrice happy fhe, whofe young thoughts fixt above,
While fhe is lovely, does to heav’n make love;
I need not urge your promife, ere you find
An entrance here, to leave the world behind ? JValler.
By the world, we fometimes underftand the things of this
zuorld-, the variety of pleafures and interefts which {feal away
our affections from God. Sometimes we are to underftand
the men of the worlds with whole lolicitations we are fo apt
to comply. Rogers's Sermons.
6. Publick life.
Hence banifhed, is bamlh’d from the world;
And world exil’d is death. Sbakejp. Romeo and Juliet.
7. Bufinefs of life ; trouble of life.
Here I’ll fet up my everlafting reft.
And {hake the yoke of man’s fufpicious ftars
From this world-wearied flefh. Shakefp. Romeo and juliet.
8. Great multitude.
You a world of curfes undergo.
Being the agents, or bafe fecond means. Shakefpeae.
Nor doth this wood lack worlds of company ;
For you in my refpeCt are all the world. Shakefpeare.
I leave to fpeak of a world of other attempts furnilhed by
Icings. Raleigh's Apology.
What a world of contradictions would follow upon the
contrary opinion, and what a world of confufions upon the
contrary praCtice. Bp- Sanderfon.
Juft fo romances are, for what elfe
Is in them all, but love and battles ?
O’ th’ firft of thefe we have no great matter
To treat of, but a world o’th’ latter. Hudibras.
It brought into this world a zvorld of woe. Milton.
There were a world of paintings, and among the reft the
piCfure of a lion. L Eft' angeMarriage draws a world of bufinefs on our hands, iubjeCis
us to law-fuits, and loads us with domeftick cares. Dryden.
From thy corporeal poifon freed.
Soon haft thou reach’d the goal with mended pace ;
A world of woes difpatch’d in little fpace. Dryden.
Why will you fight againft fo fweet a paftion.
And fteel your heart to l'uch a world of charms ? Addifon.
g. Mankind ; an hyperbolical expreflion for many.
This hath bred high terms of feparation between fuch and
the reft of the world, whereby the one fort are named the
brethren, the godly ; the other worldlings, time-fervers,
pleafers of men more than of God. Hooker.
’Tis the duke’s pleafure,
Whofe difpofition, all the world well knows.
Will not be rubb’d nor flopp’d. Shakefp. K. Lear.
Why doft thou {hew me thus to th’ world ?
Bear me to prifon. Shakefp. Meafure for Mcafure.
He was willing to declare to all the world, that, as he had^
been brought up in that religion eftabliffied in the church ot
England, fo he could maintain the fame by unanl'werable
reafons. _ Clarendon.
10. Courfe of life. ... ,,
Perfons of conference will be afraid to begin the world unjuftly. ClariJfa11. Univerfal empire.
Rome was to fway the world. Milton.
This through the eaft juft vengeance hurl’d,
And loft poor Antony the world. Prior.
12. The manners of men. e .. .
Children ftiould not know any wickednefs. Old folks have
diferetion, and know the world. Shakefpeare.
What ftart at this ! when fixty years have Ipread
Their grey experience o’er thy hoary head ?
Is this the all obferving age could gain ?
Or haft thou known the world fo long in vain . Dryden.
W O R
If knowledge of the world makes man perfidious,
May Juba ever live in ignorance. Addifon's Cato*
The girl might pafs, if we could get her
To know the world a little better ;
To know the world! a modern phrafe
For vifits, ombre, balls and plays. Swift.
13. A collection of wonders; a wonder. Obfolete*
The bafl'a having recommended Barbarufla, it was a world
to fee, how the court was changed upon him. Knollet.
14. Time. A fenfe originally Saxon; now only ufed in World
without end.
15. In the world. In Poflibility.
All the precautions in the world were taken for the mar¬
riage of his younger brother. _ Addifon.
16. For all the world. ExaCtly. A ludicrous fenfe; now little ufed.
He had a pair of horns like a bull, his feet cloven, as
many eyes upon his body as my grey mare hath dapples, and
for all the world fo placed. Sidney, b. ii.
WVrldliness. n.J. [from worldly."] Covetoufnefs ; addiCtednefs to gain.
Wo'rldling. n. f. [from world.] A mortal fet upon profit.
Bafeminded wretches ! are your thoughts fo deeply bemired
in the trade of ordinary worldlings, as for refpeCt of gain
to let fo much time pafs. Sidney.
The one fort are nam’d the brethren, the godly; the
other worldlings, timefervers, and pleafers of men more than
pleafers of God. Flooker.
God of the world and worldlings,
Great Mammon ! greateft god below the Iky. Fa. SQueen.
For his weeping in the needlefs ftream ;
Poor deer, quoth he, thou mak’ft a teftament
As worldings do, giving thy fum of more
To that which had too much. Shakefp. As You Like It.
That other on his friends his thoughts beftows :
The covetous worldling, in his anxious mind,
Thinks only on the wealth he left behind. Dryden.
If we confider the expectations of futurity, the worldling
gives up the argument. Rogers.
Wo'rldly. aclj. [from world.]
1. Secular; relating to this life, in contradiftindtion to the life
to come.
He is divinely bent to meditation ;
And in no worldly fuits would he be moved.
To draw him from his holy exercife. Shakefp. Mich. III.
Haft thou not worldly pleafure at command ? Shakefp.
Tell me, ye toad-fwol’n, flinty Pharoah’s, tell;
Can worldly pleafures equal pains of hell ? N. Richards*
The fortitude of a chriftian confifts in patience, not in
enterprizes which the poets call heroic, and which are
commonly the effeCts of intereft, pride, and worldly ho-*
nour. Dryden.
Compare the happinefs of men and beafts no farther than
it refults from worldly advantages. Atterbury.
2. Bent upon this world ; not attentive to a future ftate.
They’ll praCtife how to live fecure,
IVorldly or difiolute, on that their lords
Shall leave them to enjoy. Milton's Par. Lojl, b. xi.
3. Human ; common ; belonging to the world.
Many years it hath continued, {landing by no other zuorldly
mean, but that one only hand which ere&ed it. Hooker.
l imes and places are approved witnefles of worldly
aClions. Raleigh's FUJI, ofthe World.
Wo'rldly. adv. [from world.] With relation to the prefent life.
It is a token of a worldly wife man, not to contend in
vain againft the nature of times wherein he liveth. Raleigh.
Subverting worldly ftrong and worldly wife.
By Amply meek. Milton's Par. Loft, b. xii.
1 his cannot be done, if my will be worldly, or voluptuoufly
difpofed. . South's Sermons.
Since your mind is worldly bent,
Therefore of the two gifts in my difpofe.
Think ere you fpeak, I grant you leave to cnoofei Dryden*
WORM. n.f. Saxon; worm, Dutch; vermis, Lat.]
1. A fmall harmlefs ferpent that lives in the earth.
Both the princes
Thy broken faith hath made a prey to worms. Shakefpeare.
* Help me into fome houfe.
Or I {hall faint;—a plague o’ both your houfes !
They have made worms meat of me. Shakefpeare.
Though worms devour me, though I turn to mold.
Yet in my flefli I {hall his face behold :
I from my marble monument {hall rife
Again intire, and fee him with thefe eyes. Sandy's Par.
At once came forth whatever creeps the ground,
InfeCt or worm. Milton*
2. A poifonous ferpent.
The mortal worm. Shakefpeare.
3. Animal bred in the body.
Phyficians obferve thefe worms engendered within the body
of man. Harvey on Confutations*
4. The animal that fpins filk.
Thou oweft the ivoi m no filk, the ftieep no wool. Shakefp.
30 Y 5. Grubs
WOR W 0 R
5. Grubs that gnaw wood and furniture:
’ Tis no awkward claim.
Pick d from the toa*///-holes of long vanifh’d days,
Nor from the duft of old oblivion rak’d. ShakeJp. Hen. V.
6. Something tormenting.
The worm of confidence ftill begnaw thy foul. Shakefp.
T he chains of darknefs, and th’ undying worm. Milton.
7. Any thing vermiculated, or turned round ; any thing fpiral.
1 he threads of ferews, when bigger than can be made in
fcrew-plates, are called worms. The length of a worm begins
at the one end of the fpindle, and ends at the other3 the
breadth of the worm is contained between any two grooves on
the fpindle; the depth of the wor?n is cut into the diameter
of the fpindle, viz. the depth between the outfide of the
worm, and the bottom of the groove. Moxon.
To Worm. v.n. [from the noun.] To work flowly, fecretly,
and gradually.
When debates and fretting jealoufy.
Did worm and work within you more and more,
Your colour faded. Herbert.
To Worm. v.a.
1. To drive by flow and fecret means.
They find themfelves zvormed out of all power, by a new
fpawn of independents, fprung from your own bowels. Swift.
2. To deprive a dog of fomething, nobody knows what, under
his tongue, which is laid to prevent him, nobody knows
why, from running mad.
Every one that keepeth a dog, fhould have him wormed. Mort.
Wo'rmeaten. adj. [[worm and eaten.]
1. Gnawed by worms.
For his verity in love, I do think him as concave as a co¬
vered goblet, or a wormeaten nut. Shakefpeare.
2. Old 3 worthlefs.
His chamber all was hanged about with rolls.
And old records from antient times deriv’d ;
Some made in books, fome in long parchment fcrolls.
That were all wormeaten, and full of canker holes. Spenfer.
Things among the Greeks, which antiquity had worn out
of knowledge, were called ogygia, which we call wormeaten,
or of defaced date. Raleigh's Hijl. ofthe World.
Thine’s like wormeaten trunks cloath’d in feal’s fkin ;
Or grave, that’s duft without, and ftink within. Donne.
Wormwood, n. f. [from its virtue to kill worms in the body.]
Wormwood hath an indeterminate ftalk, branching out into
many fmall fhoots, with Ipikes of naked flowers hanging
downward 3 the leaves are hoary and bitter. Of this plant
there are thirty-two fpecies, one of which, the common
wormwood, grows in the roads ; but it is alfo planted in gar¬
dens for common ufe. Great variety of fea wormwoods are
found in the fait marfhes of England, and fold in the markets
for the true Roman wormwood, though they differ greatly. Mill.
She was wean’d ; I had then laid
Wormwood to my dug. Shakefp. Romeo and Juliet.
Pituitous Cacochymia muft be corredfed by bitters, as
wormwood wine. • Floyer on the Humours.
I afk whether one be not invincibly confcious to himfelf of a
different perception, when he actually taftes wormwood, or
only thinks on that favour. Locke.
Wo'rmy. adj. [from zvorm.] Full of worms.
Spirits that in crofsways and floods have burial.
Already to their wormy beds are gone. Shakefpeare.
Yet can I not perfuade me thou art dead.
Or that thy corfe corrupts in earth’s dark womb,
Or that thy beauties lie in wormy bed. Milton.
Worn. part. palT. of wear.
His is a maiden fhield,
Guiltlefs of fight: mine batter’d, hew’d and bor’d,
Worn out of fervice, muft forfake his lord. Dryden.
What I now offer, is the wretched remainder of a fickly
age, worn out with ftudy, and opprefs’d by fortune. Dryden.
The greateft part of mankind are given up to labour,
whofe lives are worn out only in the proviiions for living. Locke.
Your cold hypocrify’s a ftale device,
A worn-out. trick ; would’ft thou be thought in earned,
Cloath thy feign’d zeal in rage, in fire, in fury. Addifon.
Wo'rnil. n.f.
In the backs of cows in the fummer, are maggots generated, which in Effex we call wornils, being firft only a fmall
knot in the fkin. Derham's Pbyfico-Theology.
To Wo'RRY. v.a. [pojnjen, Saxon : whence probably the
Word warray.]
I. To tear, or mangle, as a beaft tears its prey.
If we with thrice fuch powers left at home.
Cannot defend our own doors from the dog.
Let us be worried. Shakefp. Hen. V.
The fury of the tumults might fly fo high as to worry and
tear thofe in pieces, whom as yet they but play’d with in
their paws. K. Charles.
’Tis no new thing for the dogs that are to keep the wolves
from worrying the fheep, to be deliver’d up to the enemy, *
for fear the fheep fhould worry the wolves. L'Ejlrange.
This revives and imitates that inhuman barbarity of the
old heaven perfecutors, wrapping up chriftians in the fkins
of wild beafts, that fo they might be worried and torn in
pieces by dogs. South's Sermons.
2.I o^ harrafs, or perfecute brutally.
1 hen embraces his fon-in-law 3 then again worries he his
daughter with clipping her. Shakefp. Winter's Tale.
h°r want of words, or lack of breath,
Witnefs when I was worried with thy peals. Milton.
. nJ has Plea^ Providence at length to give us righteoufnefs
mftead of exatfion, and hopes of religion to a church worried
with reformation. • S*rmms.
All his care
Was to preferve me from the barbarous ra<*e
Which worried him only for being mine. & ’ SM,th,r*
Ifll3]1,;*0* ‘T ‘° y°rry anr man’s reputation, no^ indeed fall on any perfon whatfoever. A,u;r
.Let them rail, J
And then worry one another at their pleafure. Rowe
Madam, contrive and invent,
And worry him out, ’till he gives his confent. Swift.
Worse, adj. The comparative of bad: bad, worfe, wof
[pipy, Saxon.] More bad 3 more ill.
Why fhould he fee your faces worfe liking than the children,°LyTrort? Dani,l\. ,0.
Whether this or worfe, love not the faithful fide. Milton.
In happinefs and mifery, the queftion ftill remains, how
men come often to prefer the worfe to the better, and to chufe
that, which, by their own confeflion, has made them miferable. '
Worse, adv. In a manner more bad.
,,rThe more one fckens, the worfe at eafe he is. Shakefp.
The Worse, n. f. [from the adjective.] J
1. The lofs 3 not the advantage 3 not the better.
Was never man, who moft conquefts atchiev’d.
But fometimes had the worfe, and loft by war. * Spenfer.
Judah was put to the worfe before Ifrael 3 and they fled to
‘hei'-ten.s 2 Kinf . ,a.
2. Something lefs good.
A man, whatever are his profeffions, always thinks the
zvorfe of a woman, who forgives him for making an attempt
on her virtue. Clariffa
To Worse, v.a. [from the adjedtive.] To put to difadvantage. This word, though analogical enough, is not now ufed.
Perhaps more vafid arms.
Weapons more violent, when next we meet,
,May ^ervf to better us, and worje our foes. MiltcH.
Wo rser. adj. A barbarous word, formed by corrupting worfe
with the ufual comparative termination. g J
Gods 1 take my breath from me 3
Let not my worfer fpirit tempt me again
To die before you pleafe. * Shakefpeare.
A dreadful quiet felt, and worfer far
Than arms, a fullen interval of war. Dryden.
WoTsHrp. n.f. [peojrSycype, Saxon.]
r. Dignity 3 eminence 3 excellence.
J hou madeft him lower than the angels, to crown him
with glory and worfoip. p7; vj;i#
Elfin born of noble ftate,
And muckle worjhip in his native land.
Well could he tourney, and in lifts debate. Fairy Queen.
^ My train are men of choice, and rareft parts.
That all particulars of duty know 5
And in the moft exadf regard fupport
The worjhip of their names. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
2. A character of honour.
I belong to worfoip, and affedf
In honour, honefty. Shakefpeare's Hen. VIII.
Dinner is on table 3 my father defires your worjhip's comPany* Shakefp. Merry Wives ofWindfor.
The old Romans freedom did beftow.
Our princes worjhip with a blow. Hudibras.
What lands and lordfhips for their owner know
My quondam barber, but his worjbip now. Dryden.
3. A term of ironical refpe£t.
Againft your worjhip, when had S—k writ ?
Or P ge pour’d forth the torrent of his wit l Pope.
4. Adoration 3 religious a£t of reverence.
They join their vocal worfoip to the quire
Of creatures wanting voice. Milton.
He wav’d a torch aloft, and, madly vain.
Sought godlike uorfjip from a f rvile train. Dryden.
T. he worfnp of God is an eminent part of religion, and
prayer is a chief part of religious worjhip : hence religion i3
defcijibed by feeking God. lillotjon.
There were feveral inroads into Germany, particularly a
voyage of the Egyptians under Oflris up the Danube ; from
them the Suevi had their worjhip of Ifis. Arbuthnct.
5. Honour; refpeil; civil deference.
1 he humble gueft fhall have worjkip in the prefence of thofe
who fit at meat with him. Lukexiv. 10.
Since
WOR . W O R
Since God hath appointed government among men, it is
plain that his intention was, that fome kind of worjhip
ihould be given from fome to others ; for where there is a
power to punifh and reward, there is a foundation of wojhip
in thofe who are under that power ; which worjhip lies in expreffing a due regard to that power, by a care not to provoke
it, and an endeavour to obtain the favour of it, which,
among mankind, is called civil worjhip. Stillingfleet.
6. Idolatry of lovers.
’ I is not your inky brows, your black filk hair,
Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of ere m
1 hat can entame my fpirits to your w rjhip. Shakefpeare.
To Worship, v. a. [from the noun. ]
1. Xo adore; to honour or venerate with religious rites.
Thou (halt worjhip no other God. Exod. xxxiv. 14.
Let no man beguile you of your reward, in a voluntary hu¬
mility and worjhipping of angels. Col. ii. 18.
Adore and worjhip God Supreme. 'Milton.
Firft worjhip God ; he that forgets to pray.
Bids not himfelf good-morrow nor good-day. T. Randolph.
On the fmooth rind the paflenger fhall fee
Thy name engrav’d, and wo Jhip Helen’s tree. Dryden.
2. To refpedt; to honour; to treat with civil reverence.
Our grave.
Like Turkifh mute, fhall have a tonguelefs mouth.
Not worfhipp'd with a waxen epitaph. Shakejp. Henry V.
To Wo'rship. v. n. To perform afls of adoration.
I and the lad will go yonder and worjhip Gen. xxii. 5.
The people went to worjhip before the golden calf. 1 Kings.
Wo'rshipful. adj. [worjhip andfull]
1. Claiming refpedi by any character or dignity.
This is worjhipfulfociety,
And fits the mounting fpirit like myfelf. Shakefpeare.
When old age comes upon him, it comes alone, bringing
no other evil with it; but when it comes to wait upon a great
and worjhipful finner, who for many years has ate well and
done ill, it is attended with a long train of rheums. South.
2. A term of ironical refpedl.
Every man would think me an hypocrite indeed ; and
what excites your moft worjhipful thought to think fo ?
Shakefpeare.
Sttppofe this worjhipful idol be made, yet ftill it wants fenfe
and motion. Stillingfeet.
Wo'rshipfully-. adv. [from zuorjhipful.] Refpe£tfully.
Haftings will lofe his head, ere give confent,
His mailer’s fon, as wirjbipfully he terms it.
Shall lofe the royalty of England’s throne. Shakefpeare.
Wo'rshipper. n.f [from worjhip.'] Adorer; one that worfhips.
What art thou, thou idol ceremony ?
What kind of god art thou that fuffer’ll more
Of mortal griefs, than do thy worJhi;pers. Shakef. Henry V.
Thofe places did not confine the immenfity of God, nor
give his worjhippers a nearer approach to heaven by their height.
South's Sermons.
If pofterity takes its notions of us from our medals, they
mull fancy onq of our kings paid a great devotion to Minerva,
that another was a profeffed worjhipper of Apollo. Adiifcn.
Worst, adj. The fuperlative of bad, formed from worfe : badt
worfe, worjl.] Moft bad; moft ill.
If thou hadft not been born the worf of men,
Thou hadft been knave and flatterer. Shakefpeare.
The pain that any one adually feels is ftill of all other the
wo'Jl; and it is with anguilh they cry out. Locke.
Worst, n f. The moft calamitous or wicked ftate; the utmoft height or degree of any thing ill.
Who is’t can fay, I’m at the worjl?
I’m worfe than e’er I was,
And worfe I may be yet: the worf is not,
So long as we can fay, this is the worjl. Shakefpeare.
That you may be armed againft the worf in this unhappy
ftate of affairs in our diftreffed country, 1 fend you thefe confkJerations on the nature and immortality of the foul. Digby.
Happy the man, and happy he alone,
He, who’can call to-day his own:
He who fecure within can fay,
To morrow do thy wofy for I have liv’d to day. Dryden.
Sir Roger gets into the frontiers of his eftate, before he
beats about in fearch of a hare, on purpofe to fpare his own
fields, where he is always fure of finding diverfion when the
worjl comes to the worf. Addifohs Spectator.
To Worst, v. a. [from the adje&ive.] To defeat; to over¬
throw.
The cafe will be no worfe than where two duellifts enter
the field, where the worjled party hath his (word given - him
gain without further hurt. Suckling.
The bear was in a greater fright,
Beat down and wofed by the knight. Hudibras.
It is downright madnefs to contend where we are fure to be
werfed. L'Efrange.
The vi&orious Fhiliftines were worfed by the captivated
ark, which foraged their country more than a conquering ar*-
my. So .tvs Sermons.
She could have brought the chariot again, when fhe faw her
brother worjled in the duel. Dryde ’ Ded l. s.
Wo'rsted n. f. [from Worfed, a town in Norfolk famous
for the woolen manufacture,j Woolen yarn; Wool fpun.
A bafe, proud, (hallow, beggarly three fuited, hundred
pound, filthy worfed-^.ocking knave. Shakefpeare , King Lear.
There Ridpath, Roper cudgel d might ye view;
The very worjl,d ftill look’d black and blue. Pope.
Wort, n.f [pijvc, Saxon; wortt Dutch.]
1. Originally a general name for an herb; whence it ftill conti¬
nues in many, as liverwort^ fpleenwort.
2. A plant of the cabbage kind.
3. [pyjvc, S^xon.J New beer either unfermented, or in the
a<5t of fermentation.
If in tt.e wort of beer, while it worketh, before it be tunned,
the burrage be often changed with frefh, it will make a fovereign drink for mela choly. Paeon’s Natural Hiflory.
Worth, or Wurth, v. n. [peojfSan, Saxon.] To be. T his
word is only now retained in wo worthy or wurth; wo be.
Wo worth the man
That firft did teach the cur fed lleel to bite
In his own flefh, and make way to the living fp’rit. F. f.
Wor th. In the termination of the names of places comes from
pojvb, a court or farm, or pojrSig, a ftreet or road. Gibfon.
WORTH, n.f. [peoj-rS, Saxon.]
I. Price; value.
Your clemency will take in good worth the offer of thefe
my fimple and mean labours Hooker.
What is wo> th in any thing.
But fo much money as ’twill bring ? Hudibras.
A common marcaiite fhall have the colour of gold exactly ;
and yet upon trial yield nothing of worth but vitriol and fulphur. Woodward's Natural Hifory.
2. Excellence ; virtue.
How can you him unworthy then decree ;
In whofe chief pa t your woru- -apianted be. Sidney.
Is there any man of worth and virtue, although not inftructed in the fchool of hrift, that hau nut rather end the days
of this tranfitory life as Cyrus, than to link down with them
of whom Elihu hath Paid, memento mo> i.ntur. Hooker.
Having from thefe fuck’d all they had of worth,
And brought home that faith which you carried forth,
I throughly love. Donne.
Her virtue, and the confcience of her worth
That wou’d be woo’d. Milton,
A nymph of your own train
Gives us your charadler in fuch a drain,
As none but fhe, who in that court did dwell,
Could know fuch worth, or wo> th deferibe fo well. Waller.
3. Importance; valuable quality.
Peradventure thole things whereupon fo much time was
then well fpent, have fithence that loft their dignity and wo: th.
Hooker.
Take a man poffeffed with a ftrong defire of any thing,
and the worth and excellency of that thing appears much
greater than when that defire is quite extinguifhed. South's Ser.
Worth, adj.
1. Equal in price to, equal in value to.
Women will love her that fhe is a woman,
More worth than any man : .men that fhe is
The rareft of all women. Shakef eare’s Winter’s Taid
Your Ion and daughter found this trefpafs worth
The fhame which here it fuffers. Shakefpeare.
You have not thought it worth your labour to enter a profeffed diffent againft a philofophy, which the greateft part of
the virtuofi of Europe have deferted, as a mere maze of words.
G anvii.es Seeptick.
As if ’tis nothing worth that lies conceal’d ;
And fcience is not fcience till reveal’d? Dryden.
At Geneva are merchants reckoned worth twenty hundred
thoufand crowns. Addifohs Italy.
It is worth while to confider how admirably he has turned
the courfe of his narration, and made his hufbandman con¬
cerned even in what relates to the battle. Addijon.
2. Deferving of.
The caftle appeared to be a place worth the keeping and
capable to be made fecure againft a good army. Clarendon.
Here we may reign fecure, and, in my choice,
To reign is worth ambition, though in hell. Milton.
Hafte hither Eve, and worth thy fight behold,
Eaftward among thofe trees, what glorious fhape
Comes this way moving. ' Mi.ton's Paradife Loft.
W hatfoever
Is worthy oftheir love is worth their an <gor. Denham.
This is life indeed ; life north preferring;
Such life as Juba never felt till now Addifohs Cato.
I have long had it in my thoughts to trouble you with a let¬
ter ; but was difeouraged for want of fomething that I could
think worth fending fifteen hundred miles. Berkley to Pep.<•
Many
3
W O R
Many things arc worth enquiry to one man, which are not
To to another. Wattss Improvement ofthe Mind.
3.Equal in poffeffions to.
Dang'rous rocks,
Which touching but my gentle vclld's fide,
Would fcatter all the fpices on the ftream,
Enrobe the roaring waters with my filks ;
And in a word, but even now worth this,
And now wo’th nothing. Shakcfp Merchant ofVenice.
Although worth nothing, he (hall be proffered in marriage
the beft endowed, and moll beautiful virgin of their ifland.
Sandys’s fourmy.
Worthily, adv. [from worthy.]
1. Suitably; not below the rate of.
The divine original of our fouls hath little influence upon
us to engage us to walk worthily of our extradion, and to do
nothing that is bafe. Ray.
2. Defervedly.
They are betray’d
While they pervert pure nature’s healthful rules
To loathfome ficknefs, worthily, fince they
God’s image did not reverence in themfelves. Milton.
You worthily fucceed, not only to the honours of your anceffors, but alfo to their virtues. Dryden.
3. Juftly ; not without caufe.
Chriftian men having, befldes the common light of all men,
fo great help of heavenly diredion from above, together with
the lamps of fo bright examples as the church ofGod doth
yield, it cannot but worthily feem reproachful for us to leave
both the one and the ether. Hooker.
T he king is prefent; if’t be known to him
That I gainfay my deed, how may he wound,
And worthily, my falfhood. Shakefp. Henry VIII.
A Chriftian cannot lawfully hate any one ; and yet I affirm
that fome may very worthily deferve to be hated ; and of all,
the deceiver deferves it moft. South’s Sermons.
Worthiness, n. f. [from worthy.]
1. Defert.
The prayers which our Saviour made were for bis own worthinefs accepted,, ours God accepteth not, but with this con¬
dition, if they be joined with a belief in Chrift. Hooker.
2. Excellence; dignity; virtue.
Determining never to marry but him, whom fhe thought
worthy of her; and that was one in whom all worthinejfes
were harboured. Sidney.
He that is at all times good, mull hold his virtue to you,
whofe worthinefs would ftir it up where it wanted, rather than
flack it where there is fuch abundance. Shakefpeare.
Who is fure he hath a foul, unlefs
It fee and judge, and follow worthinefs,
And by deeds praife it? he who doth not this,
May lodge an inmate foul, but ’tis not his. Donne.
What fet my thoughts on work was the worthinefs and curiofity of the fubjedt in itfelf. Holder.
3. State of being worthy; quality of deferving.
She is not worthy to be loved, that hath not fome feeling
cf her own worthinefs. Sidney.
Wo'rthless, adj. [from worth]
1. Having no virtues, dignity, or excellence.
You, his falfe hopes, the truft of England's honour.
Keep off aloof with worthlefs emulation. Shakefpeare.
A little lime will melt her frozen thoughts,
And worthlefs Valentine (hall be forgot. Shakefpeare.
On Laura’s lap you lay,
Chiding the worthlefs crowd away. Rofcommon.
2. Having no value.
My anxious pains we all the day,
In fearch of what we like, employ :
Scorning at night the worthlefs prey,
We find the labour gave the joy. Prior.
Ami then doom’d to fall
By a boy’s hand? and for a worthlefs woman ? Addifon.
Wo'rthl essness. n. f. [from worthlefs.] Want of excellence;
want of dignity ; want of value.
But that mine own worthlefft.efs fpoils the conceit, I could
think our company parallel to the feven wife men of Greece.
More’s Divine Dialogues.
A notable account is given us by the apoftle of this windy
infignificant charity of the will, and of the worthlejfnefs of it,
not enlivened by dee s. South’s Sermons.
Wo'it thy. adj. [from worth.]
I. Deferving ; fuch as merits : with ^before the thing deferved.
She determined never to marry any but him, whom fhe
thought worthy o/'her, and that was one in whom all worthineffes were harboured. Sidney.
Further, 1 will not flatter you.
That all I fee in you is worthy love.
Than this; that nothing do I fee in you
That fliould merit hate. Shakefpeare s King John.
Thou art wrthy ofthe fway,
To whom the heav’ns in thy nativity
Adjudg’d an olive branch and laurel crown. Shakefpcare.
W O U
2. Valuable; noble; illuftrious; having excellence or dignity.
If the beft things have the perfedfeft and beft operations, it
will follow, that feeing man is the wortlve/l creature on earth,
and every fociety of men more worthy than any man, and of
fociety that is the moft excellent which we call the church.
Hooker.
He now on Pompey’s bafls lies along,
No worthier than the duft ? Shakejpeare’s Julius Cmfar.
A war upon the T urks is more worthy than upon any other
Gentiles in point of religion and honour ; though hope of fuccefs might invite fome other choice. Bacon.
Tnink of her worth, and think that God did mean,
This worthy mind fliould worthy things embrace :
Blot not her beauties with thy thoughts unclean
Nor her difiionour with thy paffion bafe. Davies.
Happier thou may’ft be, worthier canft not be. Milton.
3. Having worth ; having virtue.
The dodtor is well money’d, and his friends
Potent at court; he, none but he, fhall have her;
Though twenty thoufand worthier come to crave ner. Shak.
The matter I handle is the moft important within the whole
extent of human nature, for a ivorthy perfon to employ himfelf about. Digby on the Soul.
We fee, though order'd for the beft.
Permitted laurels grace the lawlefs brow,
Th’ unworthy rais d, the worthy eaft below. Dryden.
4. Not good. A term of ironical celebration.
My worthy wife our arms miflaid.
And from beneath my head my fword convey’d;
The door unlatch’d; and with repeated calls
Invites her former lord within my walls. Dryden.
5. Suitable for any quality good or bad ; equal in value; equal
in dignity.
Flowers worthy of paradife. Mil an.
Thou, Drances, art below a death from me:
Let that vile foul in that vile body reft.
The lodging is well worthy of the gueft. Dryden.
My fuff’rings for you make your heart my due ;
Be ivorthy me, as I am worthy you. Dryden.
6. Suitable to any thing bad.
The mercilefs Macdonald,
Worthy to be a rebel; for to that
The multiplying villanies of nature
Do fwarm upon him. Shakefpeare’s Macbeth.
7. Deferving of ill.
What has he done to Rome that’s ivorthy death. Shakefp.
If the wicked man be worthy to be beaten, the judge fhall
caufe him to be beaten. Deut. xxv. 2.
Wo'rthy. n.f. [from the adjedtive.] A man laudable for any
eminent quality, particularly for valour.
Such as are conftellated unto knowledge come fhort of
themfelves if they go not beyond others, and muft not fit down
under the degree of worthies. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
What do thefe worthies
But rob and fpoil, burn. Daughter, and enflave
Peaceable nations. Mi'ton’s Paradife Regained.
No worthies form’d by any mufe but thine
Could purchafe robes, to make themfelves fo fine. Waller.
For this day’s pdm, and for thy former adfs,
Thou Arthur haft acquir’d a future fame.
And of three Chriftian worthies art the firft. Dryden.
The next ivorthy came in with a retinue of hiftorians. Tatlcr.
To Wo rthy, v. a. [from the adjedtive.] To render worthy ;
to aggrandife; to exalt. Not ufed.
He conjunct, trip’d me behind ;
And put upon him fuch a deal of man.
That worthied him; got praifes of the king.
For him attempting, who was felf-fubdu’d. Shakefpeare.
To Wot. v.n. [prean, Saxon; whence weet, to know ; of
which the preterite was wot, knew; which by degrees was
miftaken for the prefent tenfe.J To know ; to be aware. Obfolete.
The falve of reformation they mightily call for, but where,
and what the fores are which need it, as they wot full little, fo
they think not greatly material to fearch. . Hcker.
Well I wot, compar’d to all the reft
Of each degree, that beggar’s life is beft. Hubberd.
More water glideth by the mill
Than wots the miller of. Shakefpeare.
Wot you, what I found?
Forfooth, an inventory, thus importing. Shakefpeare.
Wove. The preterite and participle paffive of weave.
Adam, waiting her return, had wove
Of choiceft flow’rs, a garland. Milton.
Wo'ven. The participle paffive of iveave.
Would. The preterite of will.
1. It is generally ufed as an auxiliary verb with an infinitive,
to which it gives the force of the fubjundtive mood.
If God’s providence did not fo order it, cheats would daily
be committed, which would juftle private men out ot their
rights, and unhinge ftates.
I WoUJL*
w o u
&./Would do it. Myrefolution is that it ftiould be dorie by
me.
Thou Wau'LDEsT do it. Such muft be the confequence to thee.
JrLt Would or it would. This muft be the confequence to him ox it.
3. The plural as the lingular.
He by the rules of his own mind* could conftrue no other
end of mens doings but felf-feeking, fuddenly feared what
they Could do* and as fuddenly fufpeifted what they would do,
and Us fuddenly hated them, as having both might and mind
fo to do. Sidney.
4. Was or am refolved; w^lh or wilbed to.
She would give her a lefton for walking fo late, that Ihould
make her keep within doors for one fortnight. Sidney.
Jealous Philoclea, that was even jealous of herfelf; for Zelmane would needs have her glove. Sidney.
You would be fatisfied ?—
IVmid f nay, and will. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
They know not what they are, nor what they would be,
any further than that they would not be what they are. L’Eftr.
It will be needlefs to enumerate all the ftmple ideas belong¬
ing to each fenfe: nor indeed is it poflible if we would; there
being a great many more of them belonging to moft of the
fenfes than we have names for. Locke.
By pleafure and pain I would be underflood to fignify, whatfoever delights or molefts us, whether from the thoughts of
our minds, or any thing operating on our bodies. Locke.
5. It is a familiar term for wijh to do, or to have.
What wouldd thou with us ? Shakefpeare’s King Lear.
Mr. Slender, what would you with me?—
—I Would little or nothing with you. Shakefpeare.
6. Should wilh.
Celia ! if you apprehend
The mufe of your incenfed friend ;
Nor would that he record your blame,
And make it live ; repeat the fame;
Again deceive him, and again,
And then he fwears he’ll not complain; Waller.
7. It is ufed in old authours forJhould.
The excels of diet would be avoided. Bacon.
As for percolation, which belongeth to feparation, trial
would be made by clarifying by adhefion, with milk put into
new beer and ftirred with it. Bacon s Natural Hijlory.
8. It has the fignification of I wifh, or I pray ; this, I believe, is
improper; and formed by a gradual corruption of the phrafe,
would God; which originally imported, that God would,
might God will, might God decree-, from this phrafe ill underftood came, would to God; thence, I would to God. And
thence 1 would, or elliptically, would come to fignify, Iwijh:
and fo it is ufed even in good authours, but ought not to be
imitated.
1would my father look’d but with my eyes. Shakefpeare.
I would this mufick would come. Shakefpeare.
I, this found I better know:
Wife men will do it without a law; I would there might be
a law to reftrain fools. Bacon s Advice to Villiers.
Lift ! I would I could hear mo. Ben. Johnfon.
This is yet the outward, faireft fide
Of our defign: within refts more of fear
Than my moft worthy lords, I would there were. Daniel.
Would thou hadft hearken’d to my words, and ftay’d
With me, as I befought thee, when that ftrange
Defire of wand’ring, this unhappy morn,
Poffefs’d thee. Milton's Paradtfe Lofl.
Would God we might prevent the need of fuch unkindly exnedients, and by a thankful fenfe of what we have, provide
to conferve it. , Decay rf Pcety.
I fcarce am pleas’d, I tamely mount the throne,
Would Aurengzebe had all their fouls in one. Dryden.
And would to heav’n the ftorm you felt, would bring
On Carthaginian coafts your wand’ring king. Dryden.
WOULDING. n.f [from would.] Motion of defire ; difpontion to anything; propenfion; inclination ; incipient purpofe.
It will be every man’s intereft to join good performances
to fpiritual purpofes, to fubdue the exorbitancies of the flefh,
as well as to continue the wouldings of the fpirit* Hammond.
Wound, n.f. [punt>, Saxon; wonde, Dutch.] A hurt given
by violence.
I am faint; my gafhes cry for help.—
_So well thy words become thee as thy wounds,
They fmack of honour both. Shakepeares Macbeth.
Now Ihew the wound mine eyes have made in thee ;
Scratch thee but with a pin, and there remains
Some fear of it. „, J , Shatefpeare.
He (looping, open’d my left fide, and took
From thence a rib : wide was the wound.
But fuddenly fill’d up and heal’d. Mi,ton
The aliment of fuch as have frefh wounds mould be mud
Without ftimulating or faline fubftances. Arbuthnot on Aliments.
Thev feel the (mart and fee the fear of their former wounds;
and know that they muft be made a iacrifice to the lead at¬
tempt towards a change. W1J *
W R A
To WOUND, v.a. [from the nounj To hurt by violent.
Th’ untented vjoundings of a father’s curfe
Pierce ev’ry fence about thee. Shakefpeare's King J.ean
I kill, and I make alive; I wound, and I heal. Deut.
The battle went fore againft Saul, and the archers hit him,
and he was fore viounded. 1 Sam. xxxi. 3.
God {hall wound the head of his enemies. Pfaln Ixviii. 21.
He was wounded for our tranfgreffions, he was bruifed for
our iniquities. Ifa. liu. 5.
When ye fin fo againft the brethren, and wound their weak
confcience, ye fin againft Chrift. 1 Cor. viii. 12.
Adonis from his native rock
Ran purple to the fea, fuppos’d with blood
Of Thammuz, yearly wounded. Milton.
Heroes of old, when wounded fhelter fought. Dryden,
The favages wounded Atkins, and flew his followers.
Robinfon Crufoe.
Wound. The preterite and participle pafiive of wind.
They took the body of Jefus and wound it in linen cloaths,
with the fpices. John. xix. 40.
All will be but like bottoms of thread clofe wound up. Bacon.
The young men wound him up, and buried him. Adds v.
Thefe mathematical engines cannot be fo eafily and fpeedil^
wound up, and fo certainly levelled as the other. IPilkins.
The parliament being called here, and the main fettlement
of Ireland wound up in England, and put into the Duke of Or¬
mond’s hands to pafc here into an a£t, all perfons came over in.
a flioal. Templei
Woi/ndless. adj. [from wound.'} Exempt from wounds.
Wou'ndwort. n.f. [yulneraria, Latin.] A plant.
It hath a papilionaceous flower, out of whofe tubular and
turgid empalement arifes the pointal, which afterward becomes
a {; ort pod, filled with roundifh feeds : the pod is enclos’d in
a membranous bladder was before the empalement. Miller.
Wou'ndy. adj. Exceflive. A low bad word.
We have a world of holydays; that ’tis a woundy hindrance
to a poor man that lives by his labour. L’Eftrange.
Thefe {lockings of Sufan’s coft a woundy deal of pains th^
pulling on. Gay.
Woxe \ The preterite of wax. Became. Obfolete.
The ape in wond’rous ftomacb wox.
Strongly encourag’d by the crafty fox. Hubbefd.
Not one puff" of wind there did appear,
That all the three the great wox much afraid. Spenfer.
Wo'xen. The participle of to wax. Obfolete.]
Spenfer.
Wrack, n.f. [wrack, Dutch ; ppaecce, Saxon, a wretch ; me
poets ufe wrack or wreck indifferently as rhyme requires, the
later writers of profe commonly wreck-. See Wreck.]
1. Deftrucftion of a {hip by Windsor rocks*
Now, with full fails into the port I move,
And fafely can unlade my breaft of love;
Quiet and calm: why {hould I then go back*
To tempt the fecond hazard of a wrack. Dryden.
2. Ruin; deftru&ion. This is the true Saxon meaning.
With ufe of evil, growing more and more evil, they took
delight in {laughter, and pleafed themfelves in making others
wrack the effedl of their power. Sidney*
A world devote to univerfal zurack. Milton.
To Wrack, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To deftroy in the water; to wreck. [See Wreck.]
2. It feems in Milton to mean to rock, to {hake.
Each on his rock transfix’d, the fport and prey
Of wracking whirlwinds. Milton.
3. To torture, to torment. This is commonly written rack;
and the in'ftrument of torture, always rack.
Merab rejoic’d in her wrack’d lover’s pain,
And fortify’d her virtue with difdain. Cowley.
Pharaoh*s and Jofeph’s dreams are oftentimes wracked beyond
their fymbolization. Brown's Vulgar Lrrours.
To Wra'ngle. v.n. [from wranghejeur, Dutch. Minfhew.
wrong, Skinner.\ To difpute peeviftfty ; to quarrel perverfely ;
to altercate ; to fquabble.
Yes, for a fcore of kingdoms you fhould wrangle.
And I would call it fair play. Shakefpeare's Tempejl%
Some unhatch’d pra&ice
Hath puddled his clear fpirit; and in fuch cafes,
Men’s natures wrangle with inferiour things.
Though great ones are their obje£t. Shakefpeare’s Othello.
How wounding a fpedlacle is it to fee thofe who were by
Chrift defigned for fifhers of men, picking up {hells on the
fhore, and unmanly wrangling about them too. Decay ofP.
In incompleat ideas we impofe on ourleives, and wrangle
with others. Locke.
Amongft unthinking men, who examine not fcrupuloufly
ideas, but confound them with words, there muft be endlefs difpute and wrangling. _ Locke.
His great application to the law had not infedled his temper
with any thing litigious; he did not know what it was to
wrangle on indifferent points. Addijon’s Freeholder.
30 Z Fill'd.
W R a W R p
Fill’d with the fenfe of age, the fire of youth,
A fcorn of wrangling, yet a zeal for truth. Pop:’.
And all the queftion, wrangle e’er fo long,
Is only this, if God has plac’d him wrong. Pope.
Wra'ngle. n.f. [from the verb.] A quarrel; a perverfe difpute.
The giving the prieft a right to the tithe would produce
law-fuits and wrangles Swift.
Wrangler, n.f [from wrangle.'] A perverfe, peevifh, difputative man.
Tell him h’ath made a match with fuch a wrangler.
That all the courts of France will be difturb’d
With chafes. Shakefpeare's Henry V.
Lord, thehoufe and family are thine,
Though fome of them repine;
Turn out thefe wranglers, which defile thy feat:
For where thou dwelleft all is neat. Herbert.
You fhould be free in every anfwer, rather like well-bred
gentlemen in polite converfation, than like noify and conten¬
tious wrangle’s. IPatts's Improvement ofthe Mind.
To Wrap. v. a. [jjpeoppian, Saxon, to turn; wreffler, Danifh.]
1. To roll together ; to complicate.
Peter feeth the napkin that was about his head wrapped to¬
gether by itfelf. J0hn xx< 7.
This faid, he took his mantle’s foremoft part,
He ’gan the fame together fold and wrap. Fairfax.
2. To involve; to cover with lomething rolled or thrown round.
Nilus opens wide
His arms, and ample bofom to the tide,
And fpreads his mantle o’er the winding coaft :
In which he wraps his queen and hides the flying hoft.
Dryden.
The fword made bright is wrapt up for the flaughter. Ezek.
Their vigilance to elude, I wrapt in mift
Of midnight vapour glide obfeure. Milton.
Wrap candles up in paper. Swift's Directions to the Butler.
3. To comprife ; to contain.
Leontine’s young wite, in whom all his happinefs was wrapt
up, died in a few days after the death of her daughter. Addifon.
4. Ti Wrap ap. To involve totally.
Some dear caufe
Will in concealment wrap me up a while ;
When I am known aright, you fhall not grieve
Lending me this acquaintance. Shakefpeare's King Lear.
_ K*ng J°hn fled to Lafcus, who was careful how to comfort
him, wrapt up in fo many calamities, after the lofs of his kino--
d°m Knolles’s Hi/lory ofthe Turks.
Things reflected on, in grofs and tranfiently, carry the fhew
of nothing but difficulty in them, and are thought to be wrap¬
ped up in impenetrable obfeurity. Locke.
5. [It is often corruptly written for rap or rapt, from rapio,
Latin ] Tofnatchup miraculouflv.
Whatever things were difeovered to St. Paul, when lie was
wrapped up into the third heaven, all the defeription he makes
is, that there are fuch things as eye hath not feen, ear heard,
nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive. Locke.
6. To tranfport; to put in eeftafy.
Much more the reverent fire prepar’d to fay.
Wrap'd with his joy ; how the two armies lay. Cowley.
7. [Perhaps the following paflage fhould properly be rap'd; though
ittrapped is now frequently ufed in this fenfe.]
Wrapt up in filent fear he lies. Waller.
JVrap'd in amaze the matrons wildly flare. Dryden.
Wra'pper, n.f [from wrap.]
1. One that wraps.
2. That in which any thing is wrapped.
My arms were prefled to myfldes, and my legs clofed to¬
gether by fo many wrappers, that I looked like an Egyptian
mummy. Addifon s Spectator.
WRATH, n.f. [ppa’S, Saxon ; wrede, Danifh ; wreecl, cruel,
Dutch.J Anger; fury; rage.
Thou doft the prayers ofthe righteous feed
Prefent before the majefty divine.
And his avenging wrath to clemency incline. Fairy Queen.
W ith one fool’s head I came to woo.
But I go away with two:
Sweet, adieu 1 I’ll keep my oath,
Patiently to bear my wrath. Shak. Merch. ofVenice.
I fear,—left there be debates, envyings, wraths, ftrifes. Cor.
He hop’d not to efcape, but fhun
The prefent, fearing guilty what his wrath
Might fuddenly infli£t. Milton.
Wra'thful. adj. [wrath and fulll] Angry; furious; raging- ,,
He cry d, as raging feas are wont to roar.
When wintry ftorm his wrathful wreck doth threat.
Fa ry Queen.
Fly from wrath:
Sad be the fights, and bitter fruits of war,
/nd thouf, nd furies wait on wrathful fwords. Fa. Sheen.
How now, your wrathful weapons drawn. Shale
The true evangelical zeal fhould abound more in the rffild’
and good natured afte&ions, than the vehement and wrathfl
Pa jons’ Sprat's Sermons.'
Wrathmji.lv. adv. [from wrathful.] Furioufly; paflion-
' ~ Gentle friends.
Let s kill him boldly, but not wrathfully. Shakefpeare.
WRA thless. ad), [from wrath.] Free from anger.
Before his feet, fo fheep and lions lay,
Fearlefs and wrathlefs, while they heard him plav. Waller.
To Wreak, v. a. Old preterite and part, pafli ofwroke. [pna>
can, Saxon; wreckers, Dutch ; recken, German.]
I. 'Fo revenge.
FairyQt:cen.
In an ill hour thy foes thee hither fen;,
Another’s wrongs to wreak upon thy felf.
Him all that while occafion did provoke
Againft Pyrocles, and new matter fram’d
Upon the old, him Hirringto be wroke
Of his late wrongs. fairy Queen.
Pale death our valiant leader hath oppreft,
Come wreak his lofs, whom bootlefs ye complain. Fairfax.
2. To execute any violent defign. This is the fenfe in which
it is now ufed.
On me let death wreak all his rage. Milton.
He left the dame,
Refolv’d to fpare her life, and fave her fhame,
But that detefted objedf to remove,
T© wreck his vengeance, and to cure her love. Dryden.
I hink how you drove him hence, a wand’ring exile.
To diftant climes, then think what certain vengeance
His rage may wreak on your unhappy orphan. Smith.
' Her hufband fcour’d away.
To wreak his hunger on the deftin’d prey. Pope.
3. It is corruptly written for reck, to heed ; to care.
My mafter is of churlifh difpofition,
And little wreaks to find the way to heav’n
By doing deeds of hofpitality. Shak. As you like it.
Wreak, n.f [from the verb.]
1. Revenge; vengeance.
Fortune, mine avowed foe,
Her wrathful wreaks themfelves do now allay. Fa. Queen.
Join with the Goths, and with revengeful war
Tak0 wreak on Rome for this ingratitude.
And vengeance on the traitor Saturnine. Shakef. Tit. Andr.
2. Paffion; furious fit.
What and if
His forrows have fo overwhelm’d his wits,
Shall we be thus affli&ed in his wreaks.
His fits, his frenzy, and his bitternefs ? Shakefp. Tit. Andr.
Wre'akful. adj. [from wreak.] Revengeful; angry.
Call the creatures,
Whofe naked natures live in all the fpite
Of wreakful heaven. Shakefpeare.
She in Olympus’ top
Muft vifit Vulcan for new arms, to ferve her wreakful fon.
Chapman’s Iliad.
FVre akless. adj. [I know not whether this word be mifwritten for recklefs, carelefs; or comes from wreak, revenge, and
means unrevenging.]
So flies the wreaklefs fhepherd from the wolf;
So firft the harmlefs flock doth yield his fleece.
And next his throat unto the butcher’s knife. Shakef. H. VI.
WREATH, n.f. [pjieoS, Saxon.J
r. Any thing curled or twifted.
1 he wreath of three was made a wreath of five: to thefe
three firft titles of the two houfes, were added the authorities
parliamentary and papal. Bacon's Henry VII.
Clouds began
To darken all the hill, and fmoke to roll
In dulky wreaths relu&ant flames. Milton's Par. Lfl.
He of his tortuous train
Curl’d many a wanton wreath. Milton.
Let altars fmoak.
And richeft gums, and fpice, and inccnfe roll
Their fragrant wreaths to heav’n. Smith's Phad. and Flip.
2. A garland ; a chaplet.
Now are our brows bound with vi&orious wreaths,
Our bruifed arms hung up for monuments. Shakefp. R. III.
Dropp’d from his head, a wreath lay on the ground.
Rofcommon.
The boughs of Lotos, form’d into a wreath.
This monument, thy maiden beauty’s due.
High on a plane-tree fhall be hung to view. Dryden.
When for thy head the garland 1 prepare,
A fecond wreath fhall hind Aminta’s hair;
And when mychoiceft fongs thy worth proclaim,
Alternate verfe fhall blefs Aminta s name. Prior.
To prince Henry the laurels of his rival are transferred,
with the additional wreath of having conquered that rival.
Shakef eare llhjlrated.
To
WRE W R E
si,)ahefptare.
To Wreath, v. a. preterits wreathed; part. paff. wreathed,
wreathen. [from the noun.]
1. To curl * to twid; to convolve.
Longaville
Did never fonnet for her fake compile*
Nor never laid his wreathed arms athwart
His loving bofom, to keep down his heart.
About his neck
A green and gilded (nake had wreath'd itfelf,
Who, with her head, nimble in threats approach’d
The opening of his mouth; but fuddenly,
Seeing Orlando, it unlink’d itfelf.
And with indented glides did flip away. Shah. As you like it.
The beard of an oat is wreathed at the bottom, and one
fmooth entire draw at the top : they take only the part that is
wreathed, and cut off the other. Bacon.
2. It is here ufed for to writhe.
Impatient of the wound,
He rolls and wreaths his fhining body round ;
T hen headlong (hoots beneath the daffnng tide.
3. To interweave; to entwine one in another.
Two chains of pure gold of wreathen work (halt thou make
them, and fallen the wreathen chains to the ouches. Ex xxviii.
As fnakes breed in dunghills not fingly, but in knots ; fo in
fuch bafe noifome hearts you (hall ever fee pride and ingrati¬
tude indivifibly wreathed and twilled together. South.
Here, where the labourer’s hands have form’d a bow’r
Of wreathing trees, in (inging wade an hour. Dryden.
4. To encircle as a garland.
In the flow’rs that wreath the fparkling bowl.
Fell adders hifs, and pois’nous ferpents rowl. Prior.
5. To encircle as with a garland.
For thee (he feeds her hair,
And with thy winding ivy wreathes her lance. Dryden.
The foldier, from fuccefsful camps returning,
With laurel wreath'd, and rich with hoftiie fpoil.
Severs the bull to Mars. Prior.
Wre'athy. adj. [from wreath ] Spiral; curled; twilled.
near Paris, hath
which agreeth
Gay.
Brown,
wracke,
Spenfer.
That which is preferved at St. Dennis,
wreathy fpires, and cochleary turnings about
with the defeription of an unicorn’s horn in /Elian.
Wreck, n.f. [ ppaecce, Saxon, a miferable perfon;
Dutch, a (hip broken.]
1. Dedrudtion by being driven on rocks or (hallows at fea;
deftruclion by fea.
Fair be ye fure; but hard and obftinate,
As is a rock amidll the raging floods;
’Gainft which a (hip. of fuccour defolate.
Doth fuffer wreck both of herfelf and goods.
Like thofe that fee their wreck
Ev’n on the rocks of death; and yet they drain,
That death may not them idly And t’ attend
To their uncertain t2(k, but work to meet their end. Daniel.
Think not that flying fame reports my fate;
I prefent, I appear, and my own wreck relate. Dryden.
2. Diffolution by violence.
Not only Paradife,
In this commotion, but the darry cope
Had gone to wreck, Milton's Paradife Lofl.
3. Ruin; deftruclion.
Whether he was
Combin’d with Norway, or did line the rebel
With hidden help and vantage; or that with both
He labour’d in his country’s wreck, I know not. Shakefp.
4. It is mifprinted here for wreak.
He cry’d as raging feas are wont to roar,
When wintry dorm his wrathful wreck doth threat. Spenfer.
To Wreck, v. a. [from the noun.]
1. To dedroy by dalhing on rocks or fands.
Have there been any more fuch tempeds, wherein fhe hath
wretchedly been wrecked ? Spenfer on Ireland.
A pilot’s thumb,
JVreck'd as homeward he did come. Shakef. Macbeth.
The coral found growing upon wrecked (hips and lod an¬
chors, that are daily dragged up out of the fea, demondrates
that coral continues to be formed to this day. JVoodward.
2, To ruin.
Weak and envy'd, if they (hould confpire.
They wreck themfelves, and he hath his defire. Daniel.
. 3. In the following paffages it is ignorantly ufed for wreak, in its
different fenfes of revenge and execute.
Eighty odd years of forrow have I feen,
And each hour’s joy wreck'd with a week of teen.
I faint! I die ! the goddefs cry’d :
O cruel, could’d thou find none other
To wreck thy fpleen on ? Parricide !
Like Nero, thou had (lain thy mother.
To Wreck, v. n. To luffer wreck.
With manlier objeds we .mud try
• His conftancy, with fuch as have more (hew
Of worth, of honour, glory, and popular praifc,
. Rocks whereon greateil men have often wreck'd.
Wren. n. f [premia, Saxon ] Aimall bird.
The poor wren,
The mod diminutive of birds, will fight,
Her young ones in her ned, againd the owl. Shakefp. Mach-.
All as;es have conceived that thczureti is the lead of birds*
yet the difeoveries of America have diewed us one :at lefs*
the hum-bird not much exceeding a beetle.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
To Wrench, v. d. [pjunjan* Saxon; wrenghen, Dutch ]
1. To pull by violence; to wred ; to force*
IVrench his fword from him. Shakef. Othelloi
Oh form!
How often do’d thou with thy cafe* thy habit,
IVrench awe from fools, and tie the wifer fouls
To thy falfe feeming ! Shak. Meafurefor Meafure.
Give me that mattock and the wrenching iron. Sb tkeyp.
Caefar’s army, wanting fomething, demanded a million or
difeharge, though with no intention it fhould be granted ; but
thought by that means to wrench him to theif other defires;
Bacorti
Sing the Parthian* when transfix’d he lies,
Wrenching the Roman jav’lin from his thighs. Dryden.
Achilles wrench'd it out, and fent again
The hodile gift. Dryden,
Struggling to get loofe, I broke the drings, and wrenched
out the pegs that fadened my arm to the ground. Gull. Travels.
2. Tofprain; to didort.
O mod fmall fault!
How ugly didd thou in Cordelia (how ?
Which, like an engine, wrencht my frame of nature
From the fix’d place; drew from my heart all love.
And added to the gall. Shakefp. King Lear.
You wrenched your foot againd a done, and were forced to
(lay. . Swift.
Wrench, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. A violent pull or twid.
2. A fprain. 1
Some fmall part of the foot being injured by a wrench, the
whole leg thereby lofes its drength. Locke.
3. Wrenches, in Chaucer, fignides means. Heights, fubtilties }
which is, I believe, the fenfe here.
He refolved to make his proflt of this bufmefs of Britain, as
a quarrel for war; and that of Naples as a wrench and mean
for peace. Bacon's Henry VII.
To WREST, v. a. [ppaeyran, Saxon.]
1. To twid by violence; to extort by writhing or force.
To wring this fentence, to wref thereby out of men’s hands
the knowledge ofGod’s dodlrine, is without all reafon. Afcham.
To what wretched date referv’d,
Better end here unborn! Why is life giv’n.
To be thus wrejled from us? Miltons Paradife Lojl.
Where you charged in perfon, you were a conqueror: the
rebels afterwards recovered drength, and wrejled that victory
from others that they had lod to you* Dryden.
Our country’s caufe*
That drew our fwords, now wrefls ’em from our hand.
And bids us not delight in Roman blood,
Unprofitably (lied. Addifon's Cato.
O prince, I blufli to think what I have faid;
But fate has wrejled the confeflion from me* Addifon.
2. To didort; to writhe; to force.
So far to extend their fpeeches, is to wrejl them againd:
their meaning. Hooker.
My father’s purpofes have been midook,
And fome about him have too lavifhly
Wre/led his meaning and authority. Shakefp. Henry IV.
Wrejl once the law to your authority j
To do a great right, do a little wrong. Shakefpeare.
Wrest, n.f. [from the verb.]
1. Didortion; violence.
Whereas it is concluded, out of thofe fo weak premifes,
that the retaining of divers things in the church of England,
which other reformed churches have cad out, mud needs argue
that we do not well, unlefs we can (hew that they have done
ill: what needed this wrejl, to draw out from us an accufation
of foreign churches ? Hooker.
2. It is ufed in Spenfer and Shakefpeare for an adlive or moving
power : I fuppofe, from the force of a tilter adling with his
lance in his red.
Adown he ked it with fo puiffant wrejl.
That back again it did aloft rebound.
And gave againd his mother earth a groneful found. F.
Shakefp. Antenor is fuch a wrejl in their affairs*
That their negotiations all mud flack’n.
Wanting his manage. Shakef. Troilus and Crejfda.
Wrester, n.f. [from wrejl.] He who wreds.
Prior. To Wrestle, v.n, [from wrejl.']
1. To contend who fhall throw the other down.
You have lod the fight of good wrejlling. Shakefpeare.
If ever he goes alone again. I’ll never wreflle for prize
mere. Shakef As you like it.
Milton.
Another*
W R E
Another, by a iall in ivrejlling^ ftartcd the end of the cla¬
vicle from the {lemon., IVijeman s Surgery.
1 o play or wrejile well, itfhould be ufed with thofe that do
it better. Temple.
None in the leap fpring with fo ftrong a bound,
Or firmer in the wrejtling prei's the ground. Pope.
2.To ftruggle; to contend.
Iperluaded them, if they lov’d Benedick,
To wifh him wrejile with affeCtion,
And never to let Beatrice know of it. Shakefpeare\
He knew not how to wrejile with defperate contingencies,
and fo abhorred to be entangled in fuch. Clarendon.
Wre'stler. n.f. [hom wrejile.]
1. One who wreftles; one who profeffes the athletick art.
Was not Charles, the duke’s wrejller, here? Shakefp,
When the young wrefllers at their fport grew warm.
Old Milo wept, to fee his naked arm. Denham.
’Tis not from whom, but where we live;
The place does oft thofe graces give:
GreatJulius, on the mountains bred,
A flock perhaps, or herd, had led ;
He that the world fubdu’d, had been
But the beft wrejller on the green. Waller*
2. One who contends in wreftling.
So earneft with thy God, can no new care.
No fenfe of danger, interrupt thy prayer ?
The facred wrejiler, ’till a blefling giv’n.
Quits not his hold, but halting conquers heav’n. Waller.
Two wrejllers help to pull each other down. Dryden.
WRETCH, n.f [ppecca, Saxon.]
1. A miferable mortal.
When I loved, I was a wretch. ' . Accidence.
She weeps, and fays her Henry is depos’d;
He fmiles, and fays his Edward is inftall’d ;
1 hat fhe, poor wretch, for grief can fpeak no more. Shah.
The butcher takes away the calf.
And binds the wretch, and beats it when it ftrives. Shakefp.
Illuftrious wretch ! repine not, nor reply :
View not what heav’n ordains, with reafon’s eye;
For bright the objeCl is, the diftance is too high. Prior.
2. A worthlefs forry creature.
Bafe-rrtinded wretches, are your thoughts fo deeply bemired
in the trade of ordinary worldlings, as for refpeCt of gain fome
paultry wool may yield you, to let fo much time pafs without
knowing perfectly her eftate ? Sidney.
He now
Has thefe poor men in queftion : never faw I
Wretches fo quake ; they kneel, they kifs the earth,
b or!wear themfelves as often as they fpeak. Shakefpeare.
Title of honour, worth and virtue’s right.
Should not be given to a wretch fo vile. Daniel’s Civil War.
When they are gone, a Company of ftarved hungry wretches
fhall take their places. L’EJlrange.
3. It is ufed by way of flight, or irbnical pity, or contempt
When foon away the wafp doth go ;
Poor wretch was never frighted fo :
He thought his wings were much too flow,
O’erjoy’d they fo were parted. Drayton’s Nymphid.
'I hen, if the fpider find him fall befet,
She iffues forth, and runs along her loom :
She joys to touch the captive in her net.
And drags the little wretch in triumph home. Dryden.
4. It is fometimes a word of tendernefs, as we now fay poor
thing.
Chaftened but thus, and thus his leflon taught,
7 he happy wretch (he put into her breaft. Sidney.
WreTched. adj. [from wretch.]
1. Miferable; unhappy.
Thefe we fhould judge to be moft miferable, but that a
wretcheder fort there are, on whom, whereas nature hath be¬
llowed ripe capacity, their evil difpofition ferioufly goeth about
therewith to apprehend God, as being not God. Hooker.
O cruel death ! to thofe you are more kind.
Than to the wretched mortals left behind. Waller.
Why do’ft thou drive me
To range all o’er a wafte and barren place,
7 o find a friend ? The wretched have no friends. Dryden.
2. Calamitous; afflictive.
3. Sorry ; pitiful; paltry; worthlefs.
When God was ferved with legal facrifices, fuch was the
miferable and wretched condition of fome mens minds, that
the belt of every thing they had, being culled out for them¬
felves, if there were in their flocks, any poor, ftarved, or difeafed thing not worth the keeping, they thought it good
enough for the altar of God. Hooker.
AffeCted noife is the moft wretched thing,
That to contempt can empty fcribblers bring. Rcfcomrnon.
Forgive the many failings of thofe who, with their wretched
art, cannot arrive to thofe heights that you poflefs. Dryden.
4. Defpicable ; hatefully contemptible.
An adventure worthy to be remembered for the unufed ex1
' W R I
ampies therein, as well of true natural goodnefs as of wretched
ungratefulnefs. Sidney.
Wretchedly, adv. [from wretchedJ
1. Miferably; unhappily,
from thefe two wars, fo wretchedly entered into, the duke’s
ruin took its date. Clarendm.
2. Meanly; defpicably.
When fuch little {huffing arts come once to be ripped up,
and laid open, how poorly and wretchedly muft that man fneak,
who finds himfelf guilty and baffled too ? South.
Wretchedness, n.f [from wretched.]
1. Mifery ; unhappinefs ; affii&ed ftate.
My mifery cannot be greater than it is: fear not the danger
of my blind fteps, I cannot fall worfe than I am, and do not
obftinately continue to infed-thee with my wretchednefs. Sidn.
He ’gan inquire
What hard mifhap him brought to fuch diftrefs,
And made that caitif’s thrall the thrall of wretchednefs. F. JK
Clarion did at laft decline
To loweft wretchednefs ; and is there then
Such rancor in the hearts of mighty men ? Spenfer.
When they are weary of wars, and brought down to ex¬
treme wretchednefs, then they creep a little, and fue for grace,
’till they have recovered their ftrength again. Spenjer.
I love not to fee wretchednefs o’ercharg’d,
And duty in his fervice perifhing. Shakefpeare.
We have with the feeling loft the very memory of fuch
wretchednefs. as our forefathers endured by thofe wars, of all
others the moft cruel. Raleigh.
2. Pitifulnefs; defpicablenefs.
WreTchless. n.f. [This is, by I know not whofe corrup¬
tion, written for recklefs.] Carelefs ; mindlefs ; heedlefs.
For any man to put off his prefent repentance, on contem¬
plation of a poffibility that his latter repentance may ferve the
turn, is the moft wretch}fs preemption, and hath no promife
of mercy annexed to it. Hammond.
If perfons- of fo circumfpeCt a piety have been thus over¬
taken, what fecurity can there be for our wretchlefs ofcitancy ?
Government of the Tongue.
To WRI'GGLE. v. n. [ppijan, Saxon ; ruggeleh, Dutch.] To
move to and fro with Ihort motions.
If Iheep or thy lamb fall a wrigling with tail.
Go by and by fearch it, whiles help may prevail. Tujfer.
The bufy importunities of thefe extenfional phantafms I
look upon as contemptuoufly, as upon the quick ivrigglings up
and down of pifmires. J'lore.
The excellency of fawing is to keep kerf exadly in the
line marked to be fawn, without wriggling on either fide.
Moxon's Mech. Exer.
To bed went the bridegroom and the bride:
Was never fuch an ill-pair’d couple ty’d ;
Reftlefs he tofs’d, and tumbled to and fro.
And roll’d and wriggled farther off for woe. Dryden.
How wildly will ambition fleer !
A vermin wriggling in th’ ufurper’s ear. Dryden.
And both he and his fucceffors would often wriggle in their
feats as long as the cufhion lafted. Swift.
ToWri'ggle. v. a. To put in a quick reciprocating motion;
to introduce by fhifting motion.
Ralpho was mounted now, and gotten
O’erthwart his beaft with aCtive vaulting.
Wriggling his body to recover
His feat, and caft his right leg over. Hudibras*
A Aim thin-gutted fox made a hard ftiift to wriggle his body
into a hen-rooft. L’EJirange.
Wri'ggletail. k./ For wrigglingtail. See Wriggle.
My ragged ronts all Ihiver and {hake;
They wont in the wind, wagg their wriggletails,
Peark as a peacoke, but nought it avails. Spenfer.
Wright, n.f [ppihta, pyjvh-ca, Saxon.] A workman; an
artificer ; a maker ; a manufacturer.
It is impoffible duly to confider thefe things, without being
rapt into admiration of the infinite wifdom of the Divine
Architect, and contemning the arrogant pretences of the
world and animal Wrights, and much more the productions of
chance. Cheyne.
The verb To write has the fame found with Wright, a work¬
man, right or equity, and rite or ceremony; but fpelled very
differently. Watts’s Logick.
To WRING, v a. preter. an'd part. paff. wringed and wrung.
[ppinjan, Saxon.J
1. Totwift; to turn round with violence.
7'he prieft {hall wring oft' his head, and burn it on tbs’
2ltar. h'tv. i. 15'
2. To force out of anybody by contortion.
He thruft the fleece together, and wringed the dew out of
it, a bowl full of water. TU<^‘pr\ ^* *
7'he dregs all the wicked ftiall wring out and drink. Pf. lxxv.
The figure of a fturdy woman, done bv Michael Angelo,
waftiing and winding of linen cloths; in which aCl {he wrings
out the water that made the fountain. Wotton.
Apply
W R I W R I
2.
2.
Apply mild detergents on pledgets of lint over it, with a
comprefs w ung out. IVifeman,
To fqueeze ; to prefs.
In deep I heard him fay, fweet Defdemona,
Let us be wary, let us hide our loves!
And then, fir, would he gripe and wring my hand. Shakef
4. To writhe.
The filly owner of the geods
Weeps over them, and wrings his haplefs hands. Shakefp.
5. To pinch.
The king began to find where his (hoe did wring him, and
that it was his deprefiing the houfe of York that did ranlde and
fefter the affections of his people. Bacon's Henry VII.
If he had not been too much grieved, and wrung by an uneafy and ffreight fortune, he would have been an excellent
man of bufinefs. Clarendon.
6. To force by violence; to extort.
I had rather coin my heart,
And drop my blood for drachma’s, than to wring
From the hard hands of peafants their vile trafli
By any indirection. Shah. Julius Cafar.
Who can be bound by any folemn vow
To wring the widow from her cuftom’d right,
And have no other reafon for his wrong,
But that he was bound by a folemn oath ? Sbak. Hen. \I.
That which I muff fpeak.
Muff either punifh me, not being believ’d.
Or wring redrefs from you. Shah. Meaf. for Meajure.
'Thirty fpies.
Threatening cruel death, conffrain’d the bride
To wring from me, and tell to them my fecret. Milton.
~. To harrafs ; to diftrefs ; to torture.
He dives into the king’s foul, and there fcatters
Doubts, dangers, •wringing of the confcience,
Fear and defpair, and all thefe for his marriage. Shakefp.
Pleafure enchants, impetuous rage tranfports,
And grief dejefts and wrings the tortur’d foul. Rofcommpn.
Did’ft thou tafte but half the griefs
That wring my foul, thou couldft not talk thus coldly. Add.
8. To diftort; to turn to a wrong purpofe.
To wring this fentence, to wreft thereby out of men’s
hands the knowledge of God’s doCIrine, is without all reafon.
Afcham's Schoohna/ler.
Lord, how dare thefe men thus wring the feriptures? Wbitg.
§. To perfecute with extortion.
The merchant-adventurers have been often wronged and
wringed to the quick; but were never quick and lively in
thanks to thofe by whofe endeavours they were freed. Hoyiv.
To Wring, v. n. To writhe with anguifh.
’Tis all men’s office to fpeak patience
To thofe that wring under the load of forrow ;
But no man’s virtue nor fufficiency.
To be fo moral, when he (hall endure
The like himfelf. Sbak. Much Ado about Nothing.
Wri'nger. n.f. [from wring.] One who fqueezes the water
_ cloaths.
One Mrs. Quickly is in the manner of his nurfe, his laundrefs, his wafher, and his wringer. Shakefpeare.
Wri'nkle. n.f. [pprncle, Saxon ; wrinkel, Dutch.]
1. Corrugation or furrow of the fkin or the face.
Give me that glafs, and therein will I read :
No deeper wrinkles yet ? Hath forrow ftruck
So many blows upon this face of mine,
And made no deeper wounds ? Shakefp. Richard II.
She hath continued a virgin without any vifible token, 01-
Raft wrinkle of old age., Howel's Vocal Forejl.
To fee a beggar’s brat in riches flow,
Adds not a wrinkle to my even brow. Drydcn.
Though you and all your fenfelefs tribe.
Could art, or time, or nature bribe,
To make you look like beauty’s queen,
And hold for ever at fifteen ;
No bloom of youth can ever blind
The cracks and wrinkles of your mind :
All men of fenfe will pafs your door.
And croud to Stella’s at fourfeore. Swift.
2. Any roughnefs.
Our Britifh heav’n was all lerene ;
No threatning cloud was nigh,
Not the leak wrinkle to deform the fky. Dryden. 3.
To Wri'nkle. v. a. [pjunchan, Saxon.J
1. To corrugate; to contract into furrows.
It is kill-fortune’s ufe
To ktthe wretched man outlive his wealth,
To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow 4.
An a,re of poverty. Shake/. Merchant of Venice.
Scorn3makes us wrinkle up the nofe, and ftretch the noftrils
alfo, at the fame time drawing up the upper lip.
Here fleams afeend,
That in mixt fumes the wrinkled nofe offend.
Here flood ill-nature, like an ancient maid.
Her wrinkled form in black and white array'd.
6
Pcpe.
out of
Bacon.
Gay.
Pope.
To make rough or uneven.
A keen north-wind, blowing dry,
IVrinkled the face of deluge, as decay’d. Milton.
WRIST, n. f. [pypyt, Saxon.J The joint by which the hand
is joined to the arm.
He took me by the wrijl, and held me hard. Shakefp.
The brawn of the arm muff appear full, fhadowed on one
fide; then fhew the wrifl-bone thereof. Peacham.
The axillary artery, below the. cubit, divideth unto two
parts; the one running along the radius, and paffing by the
wrijl, or place of the pulfe, is at the fingers fubdivided unto
three branches. Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Wri'stband. n.f. [wrijl and hand.] 'I he faftening of the
fhirt at the hand.
Writ. n.f. [from write.]
I. Anything written ; feripture. This fenfe is now chiefly ufed
in fpeaking of the Bible.
The church, as a witnefs, preacheth his mere revealed
truth, by reading publickly the facred Scripture; fo that a fecond kind of preaching is the reading of holy writ. Hooker.
Divine Eliza, facred emprefs,
Live file for ever, and her royal places
Be fill’d with praifes of divineft wits.
That her eternize with their heavenly writs. Spenfer.
Bagdat rifes out of the ruins of the old city of Babylon, fo
much fpoken of in holy writ. Knol'es's Hift. ofthe Turks.
Others famous after known,
Although in holy writ not nam’d. Paradife Regain'd.
He cannot keep his fingers from meddling with holy writ.
More's Divine Dialogues.
Sacred writ our reafon does exceed. Waller.
His flory, filled with fo many furprifing incidents, bears fo
clofe an analogy with what is delivered in holy writ, that it is
capable of p’eafing the moft delicate reader, without giving
offence to the moft fcrupulous. Addijon s Spectator.
Of ancient writ unlocks the learned ffore,
Confults the dead, and lives paft ages o’er.
A judicial procefs.
Hold up your head: hold up your hand,
Wou’d it were not my lot to fhew ye
This cruel writ, wherein you ftand
Ind idled by the name ofCloe.
;. A legal inftrument.
The king is fled to London,
To call a prefent court of parliament:
Let us purfue him, ere the writs go forth.
I folded the writ up in form of th’ other,
Subfcrib’d it, gave the impreffion, plac’d itfafely.
The changeling never known. Shakefpeare.
For every writ of entry, whereupon a common recovery is
to be fuffered, the queen’s fine is to be rated upon the writ
original, if the lands comprifed therein be held. Aylijfe.
Writ. The preterite of write.
When Sappho writ,
By their applaufe the criticks fhow’d their wit. Prior.
Writative. A word of Pope's coining : not to be imitated.
Increafe of years makes men more talkative, but lefs writa¬
tive; to that degree, that I now write no letters but of plain
how d’ye’s. Pope to Swift.
To WRITE, v. a. preterite writ or wrote; part. pall, written,
writ, or wrote, [pprean, apprean, Saxon; ad rita, Iflandick;
wreta, a letter, Gothick.]
I. To exprefs by means of letters.
I’ll write you down,
The which fliall point you forth, at every fitting,
What you muff fay. Shakefpeare.
Men’s evil manners live in brafs, their virtues we write in
water. Shakef Henry V111.
When a man hath taken a wife, and file find no favour in
his eyes, then let him write her a bill of divorcement. Deut.
Write ye this fong for you, and teach it Ifrael. Deut. xxxi.
David wrote a letter to Joab, and fent it by Uriah. 2 Sa. xi.
The time, the place, the manner how to meet.
Were all in punctual order plainly writ. Drydcn.
To engrave ; to imprefs.
Cain was fo fully convinced that every one had aright to
deftroy fuch a criminal, that he cries out, every one thatfindeth me fhall flay me; fo plain was it writ in the hearts of all
mankind. Locke.
To produce as an author.
When more indulgent to the writer’s eafe,
You are fo good, to be fo hard to pleafe ;
No fuch convulfive pangs it will require
'l'o write—the pretty things that you admire. Granville.
4. To tell by letter.
I chofe to write the thing I durft not fpeak
To her I lov’d. Prior.
To Write, v. n.
1, To perform the a£t of writing.
I have feen her rife from her bed, take forth paper, fold it,
and write upon’t. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Prior.
Shak. Hen. VI,
2.
31
Baffanio
W R I W R O
Baflanio gave his ring away
Unto the judge that bcgg’d it; and his clerk,
That took fome pains in writing, he begg’d mine. Sbakefp.
2. To play the authour.
Hearts, tongues, figures, fcribes, bards, poets, cannot
Think, fpeak, caft, write, fing, number
His love to Antony. Shakef Ant. and Cleopatra.
There is not a more melancholy objedl in the learned world
than a man who has written himfelf down. Addifon.
3. 1 o tell in books.
I paft the melancholy flood,
With that grim ferryman which poets write of. Shak. R. III.
4. To fend letters.
He wrote for all the Jews, concerning their freedom. I E/dr.
5. To call one’s felf; to be entitled ; to ufe the {file of.
About it, and write happy when thou’ft done. Shakefp.
Let it not your wonder move,
Lefs your laughter that I love;
Though I now write fifty years,
I have had, and have my peers. Ben. fohnfon.
He writes himfelf divina prevident:a, whereas other bi(hops
only ufe divina permijjione. Aylife.
6. To compofe; to form compofitions:
Chafte moral writing we may learn from hence,
Neglc£l of which no wit can recompence ;
The fountain which from Helicon proceeds,
That facred ftream, fhould never water weeds. Waller.
They can write up to the dignity and character of their
authors. Felton on the Cla/ftcks.
Wri'ter. n.f [from write.]
1. One who pradlifes the art of writing.
2. An authour.
All three w'ere ruined byjuftice and fentence, as delinquents;
and all three famous writers. Bacon.
Peaceable times are the belt to live in, though not fo proper
to furnifh materials for a writer. Addifon s Freeholder.
Writers we. often more influenced by a defire of fame, than
a regard to the publick good. Addifon s Freeholder.
Would a writer know how to behave himfelf with relation to
pofterity, let him confider in old books what he finds that he
is glad to know, and what omifTxons he moll laments. Swift.
To Writhe, v. a. [pprSan, Saxon.]
1. Todiftort; to deform with diftortion.
It cannot be this weak and writhed fhrimp
Should firike fuch terror in his enemies. Shakef. Henry VI.
Hatefuleft difrelifh writh’d their jaws
With foot and cinders. Milton.
Her mouth fhe writh’d, her forehead taught to frown.
Her eyes to fparkle fires to love unknown :
Her fallow cheeks her envious mind did fhew,
And ev’ry feature fpoke aloud the curftnefs of a fhrew. Dry.
2. To twift with violence.
Then Satan firft knew pain,
And writh’d him to and fro convolv’d. Milton!s Farad. Lcjl.
Amid’ the plaited feales it took its courfe.
And in the fpinal marrow fpent its force;
The monfter hifs’d aloud, and rag’d in vain,
And writh’d his body to and fro with pain ;
He bit the dart. Addifon.
3. To wreft ; to force by violence.
The reafon which he yieldeth, fheweth the lead part of
his meaning to be that whyreunto his words are writhed. Hook.
4. To twill.
The king of hcav’n
Bar’d his red arm, and launching from the fky
His writhen bolt, not (baking empty fmoke,
Dow'n to the deep abyfs the flaming felon ftrook. Dryden.
To Writhe, v. n. To be convolved with agony or torture.
Let each be broken on the rack;
Then, with what life remains, impaled, and left
To writhe atdeifure round the bloody (take. Addifon.
ToWrTthle v. a. [from writhe.] To wrinkly; to corrugate.
Her writhled lkin, as rough as maple rind.
So fcabby was, that would have loathed all womankind. Spenf.
Writing, n.f. [from writ.]
1. A legal inftrument.
2. A compofure; a book.
They thought no other writings in the world fliould be ftudied, infomuch as one of their great prophets exhorting them
to caft away all refpe&s unto human writings, to his mo¬
tion they condefcended. Hooker.
Such arguments had an invincible force with thofe pagan
philofophers, who became Chriftians, as we find in mod of
their Writings. Addifon.
3. A written paper of any kind.
In at his windows throw
Writings, all tending to the, great opinion
That Rome holds of his name. Shakef. fulius Cafar.
Wri'tin’gmaster. n.f. One who teaches to write.
T he facility of which I fpoke confifls not in bold firokes,
if it makes not a great effect at a diftance : that fort of free¬
dom belongs rather to a writingrnajler than a painter. Dryden.
Written. The participle paffive of write.
Their dodtrine and their llory written left,
They die. _ Miltoti.
Language is a connexion of audible figns, the mod apt in
nature for communication of our thoughts: written language
is a description of the faid audible figns, by figns vifible. Holder.
Wro'ken. The part. pad. of Fo wreak. Spender.
WRONG, n.f. [ppange, Saxon.]
1. An injury; adefigned or known detriment.
It is a harm, and no wrong which he hath received. Sidney.
She refolved to fpend all her years, which her youth promifed fhould be many, in bewailing the wrong, and yet praying
for the wrongdoer. Sidney.
If he may not command them, then that law doth wrong
that bindeth him to bring them forth to be juflified. Spenfer.
They ever do pretend
To have receiv’d a wrong, who wrong intend. Daniel.
Imitation of an author is the mod advantageous way for a
tranflator to fhew himfelf, but the greated wrong which can be
done to the reputation of the dead. Dryden.
Cowley preferred a garden and a friend, to thofe whom in
our own wrong we call the great. Dryden.
Expelling more in my own wrong,
Protradling life, I’ve liv'd a day too long. Dryden.
2. Errour ; not right.
Be not blindly guided by the throng,
The multitude is always in the wrong. Rofcorr.mon.
One fpake much of right and wrong. MilUn.
Proceed : quoth Dick, fir, I aver
You have already gone too far ;
When people once are in the wrong.
Each line they add is much too long:
Who faded walks, but walks aflray.
Is only farthed from his way. Prior.
, In the judgment of right and wrong, everv man has a
felf. ~ Watts’s Logick.
Wrong, adj. [from the noun ]
1. Not morally right; not agreeable to propriety or truth.
I find you kre an invincible Amazon, fince you will over¬
come, though in a wrong matter. Sidney.
We never think of the main bufinefs of life, ’till a vain re¬
pentance minds us of it at the wrong end. L!Ejh ange.
When the dictates of honour are contrary to thofe of reli¬
gion and equity, they give wrong, ambitious, and falfe ideas of
what is good and laudable. Addifon’s Spedtut.r.
2. Not phyfically right; unfit; unfuitable.
Of Glo’der’s treachery,
And of the loyal fervice of his fon,
When I inform’d him, then he call’d me fot.
And told me I had turn’d the wrong fide out. Sf.ak. K. Lear.
Dividing a living of five hundred pounds a year into ten parts,
is a contrivance, the meaning whereof hath got on the wrong
fide of my comprehenfion. Swift.
Singularity (hews fomething wrong in the mind. Clarif'a.
Wrong, adv. Not rightly; amifs.
If he go wrong, fhe will give him over to his own ruin. Eccl.
A thoufand odd capricio’s, men’s minds are adled by, may
make one man quote another man’> words wrong. Locke.
T en cenfure wrong, for one that writes amifs. Pope.
To Wrong, v. a. [from the noun.] To injure; to ufe
unjuftly.
So worthy a part of divine fervice we fhould greatly wrong,
if we did not efteem preaching as the Defied ordinance of
God. Hooker.
For fear the fiones her tender foot fhould wrong,
Be flrewed with fragrant flowers all along. Spenfer.
Judge me, you gods! wrong I mine enemy? Shakejpeare.
Thank him who puts me loath to this revenge
On you, who wrong me not, for him who wrong’d. Milton.
Once more farewel!
And know' thou wrong’Jl me, if thou think’fl
Ever was love or ever grief like mine. Addifon.
Wrongdo'er. n.f [wrong and doer.] An injurious perfon.
She refolved to fpend all her years in bewailing the wrong,
and yet praying for the wrongdoer. Sidney.
If any feat be taken away by a flranger, the churchwarden
may have adlion againft the wrongdoer. Ayliffe.
Wro'nger. n.f [from wrong.] He that injures; he that dees
wrong.
Jealoufy is a green-ey’d monfter, which doth make
The meat it feeds on : that cuckold lives in blifs.
Who, certain of his fate, loves not his ivronger. Shak. Oth.
Many times a prince is driven to fpend far more of Ins treafure in punifhing by war the wrongers of his people, than the
lofs of his people did amount unto. Raleigh.
Wrongful, adj. [tvrong and full.] Injurious; unjuft.
I am fo far from granting thy requeft.
That I defpife thee for thy ivrcngful fuit. Shakefpeare.
He that hath wronged fo in daily trade, that lie knows not
in what meafure he hath done it, muft redeem his fault by alms,
according to the value of his wrongful dealing. Tayh' .
Thofe
w R O
"I hofc whom forms of laws
Condemn’d to die, when traitors judg’d their caufe
Nor w ant they lots, nor judges to review
The Wron$ful fentcnce, and award a new. Dryden.
\\ Ro ngfully. adv. [from wrongful.] Unjuftly.
Dorns, faid Pamela, you blame your fortune very wrong¬
fully, fmee the fault is not in fortune, but in you, that can¬
not frame yourfeJf to your fortune ; and as wrongfully do re¬
quire Mopfa to fo great a difparagement as to her father’s
fervant* . Sidney.
•t ins poor fellow,
He had thought to murder "wrongfully. Sbakefp.
Salius then, exclaiming loud,
Ciges his caufe may in the court be heard,
And pleads, the prize is wrongfully conferr’d. Dryden.
I cry thee mercy, for fufpeding a friar of the leaft good¬
nature; what, would you accufe him wrongfully. Dryden.
He who 1 offers wrongfully in a man’s opinion, refolves to
gi\e him reafon ror his iuipicion. Spectator, N°. 170.
jWRo nghead. \cidj. [wrong and bead.] Having a perVvrokghe'aded. S verfe underftanding.
Much do I fuffer, much to keep in peace
This jealous, wafpifh, wronghead, rhyming race. Pope.
TV ro ngly. adv. [from wrong.] Unjuftly ; arnifs.
What thou would’ft highly
I hat would ft thou holily 3 would’ft not play falfe,
And yet would’fl wrongly win. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Madmen having joined together fome ideas very wrongly,
err, as men do that argue right from wrong principles. Locke.
Wro nglessly. adv. [from wronglefs.J Without injury to
any.
Dear.y efteemed of her for his exceeding good parts, being
honourably courteous, and wronglefsly valiant, conftderately
pleafant in converfation, and an excelleut courtier, without
unfaithfulnefs. Sidney.
Wrote, pret. and part, of write.
No man has the eftate of his foul drawn upon his face, nor
the decree or his election wrote upon his forehead. He who
would know a man thoroughly, muft follow him into the
clofet of his heart; the infpedtion of which is only the pre¬
rogative of omnifcience. South.
Wroth, adj. [ppab, Sax. vrod, Daniflr] Angry. Outofufe.
The Lord faid unto Cain, why art thou wroth ? Gen. iv.
Thou haft rejedfed us ; thou art very wroth againft us. La.
Wrought, [ppogb, Saxon. The pret. and part. paff. as it
feems, of work ; as the Dutch wereken, makes gerocht.J
1. Eft'edled ; performed.
Why trouble ye the woman ? for fhe hath wrought a good
work upon me. Matt. xxvi. 10.
He that doeth truth, cometh to the light, that his deeds
may be made manifeft, that they arz wrought in God. John iii.
The Jews wanted not power and ability to have convinced
the world of the falfhood of thefe miracles, had they never
been wrought. Stephens's Sermons.
2. Influenced ; prevailed on.
Had I thought the fight of my poor image
Would thus have wrought you, for the ftone is mine.
I’d not have fhewed it. Shakefpeare.
Nor number, nor example with him wrought
To fwerve from truth. Milton.
Do not I know him ? could his brutal mind
Be wrought upon ? could he be juft or kind ? Dryden.
This Artemifa, by her charms.
And all her fex’s cunning, wrought the king. Rowe.
3. Produced 3 caufed.
All his good prov’d ill in me.
And wrought but malice. Milton.
They wrought by their faithfulnefs the publick fafety. Dryd.
This wrought the greateft confufion in the unbelieving
Jews, and the greateft conviction in the Gentiles, who every
where fpeak with aftonifhment of thefe truths they met with
in this new magazine of learning, which was opened. Addifon.
4. Worked 3 laboured.
They that wrought in filver, and whofe works are unfearchable, are gone down to the grave. Bar. iii. 18.
R Y
Mofes and Eleazar took the gold, even all wrought
jewels. _ Num. xvi. 22.
What might be wrought
Fufd, or graven in metal. Milton.
5. Gained ; attained.
We ventur’d on fuch dang’rous feas,
That if we wrought out life, ’twas ten to one. Shakefpeare.
6. Operated.
Such another field
They dreaded worfe than hell : io much the fear
Of thunder, and the fword of Michael,
IVrought ftill within them. Milton.
His too eager love
Has made him bufy to his own deftruCfion.
His threats have wrought this change of mind in Pyrrhus.
Philips's Difref Mother.
7. Worked.
Take an heifer which hath not been wrought with, and
which hath not drawn in the yoke. Deut. xxi. 3.
As infedion from body to body is received many times by
the body paffive, yet is it by the good difpofition thereof repulfed and wrought out, before it be formed in a difeafe. Bacon.
8. Actuated.
__ Vain Morat, by his own rafhnefs wrought,
Too foon difeover’d his ambitious thought3
Believ’d me his, before I fpoke him fair.
And pitch’d his head into the ready fnare. Dryden.
9. Manufactured.
It had been no lefs a breach of peace to have wrought any
mine of his, than it is now a breach of peace, to take a
town of his in Guiana, and burn it. Raleigh.
Celeftial panoply, divinely wrought. Milton.
10. Formed.
He that hath wrought us for the fame thing, is God. 2 Cor.
11. Excited by degrees.
The two friends had wrought themfelves to fuch an habi¬
tual tendernefs for the children under their direction, that
each of them had the real paffion of a father. Addifon.
Advantage was taken of the fanguine temper which fo
many fucceffes had wrought the nation up to. Swift.
12. Guided 3 managed.
A ftiip by fkilful fteerfman wrought. Milton.
13. Agitated; difturbed.
We flay upon your leifure_
Give me your favour : my dull brain was wrought
With things forgot. Shakefp*Macbeth.
Wrung. The preter. and part, paffive of wring.
No mortal was ever fo much at eafe, but his fhoe wrung
him fomewhere. L'Efrange.
Mix’d with the tender anguifih nature fhoots
Through the wrung bofom of the dying man. Thomfon.
Wry. adj. [from writhe.]
1. Crooked 3 deviating from the right direction.
Sometimes to her news of myfelf to tell
I go about, but then is all my beft
Wry words, and ftamm’ring, or elfe doltifli dumb 3
Say then, can this but of enchantment come ? Sidney*
Cutting the wry neck is never to be pradifed, but when the
diforder is a contraction of the maftoideus mufcle. Sharp.
2. Diftorted.
It is but a kick with thy heels, and a wry mouth, and Sir
Roger will be with thee. Arbuthnot.
InftruCtive work ! whofe wry-mouth’d portraiture
Difplay’d the fates her confeffors endure. Pope.
3. Wrung; perverted 3 wrefted.
He mangles and puts a wry fenfe upon proteftant writers.Att.
To Wry. v. n. [from the adjeaive.] To be contorted and*
writhed 3 to deviate from the right direction.
Thefe wry too much on the right hand, aferibinp- to the
holy feripture fuch kind of perfection as it cannot have. Sand.
To Wry. v.a. [from the adjeaive.] To make to deviate*
to diftort. *
To what pafs are our minds brought, that from the mht
line of virtue are wryed to thefe crooked fhifts ? Sidney.
X.
Is a letter, which, though found in Saxon words, begins no word in the Englifh language
Y.
Y
YAW YEA
At the beginning of words, is a confonant; at the
end, and when it follows a confonant, is a
vowel, and has the found of i. It is ufed at
the end of words, and whenever two i i’s would
w come together ; and in words derived from the
Greek, to exprefs the v. T was much ufed by the Saxons,
whence y is found for i in the old Englifh writers.
v Yacht, n.f. A fmall fhip for carrying paffengers.
Yard. n.f. [geapb, Saxon.]
1. Inclofed ground adjoining to an houfe.
One of the lions leaped down into a neighbour’s yard,
where, nothing regarding the crowing of the cocks, he eat
them up. Brown’s Vulgar Errours.
Xanthus one day fent AEfop into the yard, and bade him
look well about him. E’EJlrgnge.
His wanton kids with budding horns prepar’d.
Fight harmlefs battles in his homely yard. Dryden.
2. [gepb, Saxon.] A meafure of three feet.
A peer, a counfellor, and a judge, are not to be meafured
by the common;W, but by the pole of fpecial grace. Bacon.
The arms, fpread crofs in a ffraight line, and meafured
from one end of the long finger on one hand, to that of the
other; made a meafure equal to the ftature, and is named a
fathom. Half of that, viz. from the end of the long finger
of^either arm, fo fpread, to the middle of the breaft is, with
us, called a yard. Holder on Time.
An aquedud: of a Gothick ftrudure, that conveys water
from mount St. Francis to Spoletto, from the foundation of
the lowefl: arch to the top, is two hundred and thirtyyards. Add.
3. The fupports of the fails.
A breeze from fhore began to blow ;
The failors fhip their oars, and ceafe to row ;
Then hoift their yards a-trip, and all their fails
Let fall to court the wind. Dryden.
Ya'rdwand. n.f. [yard and wand.'] A meafure of a
yard.
All the revolutions in nature can give it nothing more than
different degrees of dimenfions. What affinity has thinking
with fuch attributes ? no more than there is between a fyllogifm and a yardwand. Collier.
Yare. adj. [geappe, Saxon.] Ready; dextrous; eager.
Tare, yare, good Iros, quick methinks I hear
Antony call. Sbakefp. Ant. and Cleopatra.
I do defire to learn. Sir; and I hope, if you have occafion
to ufe me for your turn, you fhall find me yare. Sbakefpeare.
• Ya'rely. adv. [from yare.] Dextroufiy; fkilfully.
The filken tackle3.
Swell with the touches of thofe flower-foft hands
That yarely frame the office. Sbakefp. Ant. and C!cop.
Yarn. n.f. [gcajm, Saxon.] Spun wool; woollen thread.
You would be another Penelope ; yet they fay, all the
yarn fhe fpun in Ulyffes’s abfence, did but fill Ithaca full of
moths. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
The web of our life is of a mingled yarn, good and ill
together; our virtues would be proud, if our faults whipt
them not; and our crimes would defpair, if they were not
cherifh’d by our virtues. Sbakefpeare.
Tarn is a commodity very proper to this country, which
of all others ought to be moil encouraged. Temple.
It may be ufeful for the reeling of yarn. IVilkins.
I he fates but only fpin the coarfer clue,
The fineft of the wool is left for you.
Spare me but one fmall portion of the twine,
And let the filters cut below your line :
T he reft among the rubbifh may they fwcep.
Or add it to the yarn of fome old mifer’s heap. Dryden.
I o Yarr. v. n. [from the found, hirrio, Lat.] To growl, or
fnarl like a dog. Ainfworth.
Yarrow, n.f. A plant which grows wild on the dry banks,
and is ufed in medicine.
Yawl. n.f. A little veffcl belonging to a fhip, for conve¬
nience of paffing to and from it.
To YAWN. v. n. [geonan, Saxon.]
1. To gape ; to ofeitate; to have the mouth opened involun¬
tarily by fumes, as in fleepinefs.
The fad-ey’d juftice, with his furly hum.
Delivering o’er to executors pale
The lazy, yawning drone. Sbakefp. Hen. V.
In yawning, the inner parchment of the ear is extended.
When a man yawnetb, he cannot hear fo well. Bacon.
At length fhook off himfelf, and afk’d the dame;
And afking yawn’d, for what intent fhe came ? Dryden.
To whom the yawning pilot faff afleep.
Me didft thou bid, to truft the treacherous deep ? Dryden.
2. To open wide.
The gafhes,
That bloodily did yawn upon his face- Sbakefpeare.
’Tis now the very witching time of night.
When churchyards yawn. Sbakefp. Hamlet.
Now will I dam up this thy yawning mouth,
For fwallowing up the treafure of the realm. Sbakefp.
He fhall caft up the wealth by him devour’d.
Like vomit, from his yawning entrails pour’d. Sandvs.
Hell at lafi:
Tawning receiv’d them whole, and on them clos’d. Milton.
The fword pierc’d his tender fides ;
Down fell the beauteous youth; the yaivning wound
Gufh’d out a purple ftream. Dryden«
High fhe rear’d her arm, and with her feeptre ffruck
The yawning cliff: from its difparted height
Adown the mount the gufhing torrent ran. Prior.
3. To exprefs defire by yawning.
The chiefeft thing at which lay-reformers yawn, is, that
the clergy may, through conformity in condition, be poor as
the apoftles were. In which one circumftance, if they ima¬
gine fo great perfection, they muff think that church which
hath fuch /tore of mendicant friars, a church in that refpect
moft happy. Hooker.
Yawn. n.J. [from the verb.] Ofcitation.
Thee, Paridel, fhe mark’d thee, there
Stretch’d on the rack of a too eafy chair ;
And heard thy everlafting yawn confefs
The pains and penalties of idlenefs. Pope’s Dunciad.
2. Gape; hiatus.
Hence to the borders of the marfh they go,
That mingles with the baleful ftreams below ;
Andfometimes with a mighty yawn, ’tis faid.
Opens a diifnal paffage to the dead,
Who, pale with fear, the rending earth furvey.
And flartle at the fudden flafli of day. Addi on.
Ya'wning. adj. [fromyawn.] Sleepy; /lumbering.
Ere to black Hecat’s fummons
The fhard-born beetle, with his drowfy hums.
Hath rung night’s yawning peal, there fhall be done
A deed of dreadful note. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
Y'clad. part, for clad. Cloathed.
Her fight did ravifh, but her grace in fpeech.
Her words yclad with wifdom’s majefty.
Make me from wond’ring fall to weeping joys. Sbakefp.
YYleped. [The participle paffive of clepe, to call; depart,
Saxon; with the increafing particley, which was ufed in the
old Englifh in the preterites and participles, from the Saxon
ge.] Called ; termed ; named.
But come, thou goddefs, fair and free,
In heav’n yclcp’d Euphroline,
And by men, heart-cafing mirth. Milton.
YdRA/d. The old pret. of to dread. Spenjcr.
Ye. 'Fhe nominative plural of thou.
Tc are they which juftify yourfelves. Luke xvi. 15.
Yea. adv. [ea, or gea, Saxon; ja, Danifh, German, and
Dutch.] Yes. A particle of affirmation.
I am weary; yea, my memory is tir’d. Shakefpeart.
A ralcally, yea, forfooth, knave, to bear a gentleman in
hand, and then ftand upon fecurity. Sbakefpeare.
From
YEA
From thefe Philippine are brought coftly fpices, yea, and
gold too ? Abbot's Defeription of the World.
Tea, hath God faid, ye (hall not eat of every tree in the
garden.. Gen. iii. i.
Let your converfation be yea, yea ; nay, nay. Matth. v.
All the promifes of God are yea, and amen ; that is, are
verified, which is the importance of yea, and confirmed,
which is meant by amen, into an immutability. Hammond.
They durft abide
Jehovah thund’ring out of Sion, thron’d
Between the cherubim ; yea, often plac’d
Within his fnnctuary itfelf their fhrines. Milton.
Why do diiputes in wrangling fpend the day ?
Whilft one lays only yea, and t’other nay. Denham.
Notwithftanding this great proximity of man to himlelf;
yea, and notwithftanding the oblervations made in all ages, we
ftill remain ignorantot many things concerning ourfelves. Hale.
To 1 ead, or \ edf. v. n. preterite yode. [This word feems to
have been corruptly formed from geob, the Saxon preterite of
gan.] To go ; to march. Obfolete.
They wander at will, and flay at pleafure,
And to their folds yeade at their own leifure. Spenfer.
Then bad the knight this lady yede aloof.
And to an hill herfelf withdraw afide,
From whence file might behold that battle’s proof.
And eke be fafe from danger far defery’d. Fairy Shicen.
Yet for file yode thereat half aghaff.
And Kiddy the door fparred after her faff. Spenfer.
That fame mighty man of God,
That bloud red billows like a walled front,
On either fide difparted with his rod,
’Till that his army dry-foot through them yod. Spenfer.
To Yean. v.n. [eaman, Saxon.J Tp bring young Ufed offheep.
The fkilful fhepherd peel’d me certain wands ;
He {truck them up before the fulfome ewes,
Who, then conceiving, did in yeaning time
Foie party-colour'd lambs. Shakefpcare.
So many days my ewes have been with young :
So many weeks, ere the poor fools will yean. Shakefpcare.
This I fcarcely drag along,
Who yeaning on the rocks has left her young. Dryden.
Ewes yean the polled lamb with the leaii danger. Mortimer.
Yea'nling. n. f. [from yean.] The young of fheep.
All the yeanlings which were ftreak’d and pied.
Should fall as Jacob’s hire. Shakefpcare.
Year. n.f. [geap, Saxon.]
If one by the word year mean twelve months of thirty
days each, i. e. three hundred and fixty days ; another in¬
tend a folar year of three hundred fixty-five' days ; and a
third mean a lunar year, or twelve lunar months, i. e. three
hundred fifty-four days, there will be a great variation and
error in their account of things, unlefs they are well apprized
of each other’s meaning. Watts’s Logiek. \
See the minutes, how they run :
How many makes the hour full compleat.
How many hours bring about the day,
How many days will finifh up the year.
How many years a mortal man may live. Shakefpcare.
With the year
Seafons return, but not to me returns
Day, or the fweet approach of morn. Milton.
Oviparous creatures have eggs enough at firft conceived in
them, to lerve them for many years laying, allowing fuch a
proportion for every year, as will ferve for one or two incu¬
bations. hday on the Creation.
He accepted a curacy of thirty pounds a year. Swift.
2. It it often ufed plurally, without a plural termination.
I fight not once in forty year. Shakefpcare.
In the plural old age.
Some mumble-news.
That fmiles his cheek in years, and knows the trick
To make my lady laugh when fire’s difpos’d.
Told cur intents. Shakefp. Love’s Labour Lofl.
There died alfo Cecile, mother to king Edward IV. being
of extreme years, and who had lived to fee three princes of
her body crowned, and four murthered. Bacon’s Hen. VII.
He look’d in years, yet in his years were feen,
A youthful vigour, and autumnal green. Dryden.
Ye'arlinG. adj, [from year.] Being a year old.
A yearling bullock to thv name fhall fmoke ;
Untam’d, unconfcious of the galling yoke. Pope.
Yf/ari.y. adj. [from year.] Annual; happening every year ;
lafting a year.
The yearly courfe that brings this day about,
Shall never lee it but a holiday. Shakefp. K. John.
Why the changing oak fhould filed
The yearly honour of his {lately head ;
Y E L
Will yearly on the vigil feaft his neighbours.
And fay, tomorrow is Saint Crifpian. Shakefp. Hen. V.
For numerous bleftings yearly fhower’d,
And property with plenty crown’d ;
For freedom ftill maintain’d alive;
For thefe, and more, accept our pious praife. Dryden.
To Yearn, v.n. [eapnan, Saxon.] To feel great internal
uneafinefs. In Spcnjer it is fometimes earn.
He defpis’d to tread in due degree,
But chaff’d, and foam’d, with courage fierce and ftern,
And to be eas’d of that bafe burden ftill did yearn. Spenfer.
Make the libbard ftern
Leave roaring, when in rage he for revenge did yearn. Spenf.
Though peeping clofe into the thick,
Might fee the moving of fome quick :
But were it fairy, fiend, or fnake.
My courage earned it to wake,
And manfully thereat fliot. 1 Spenfer.
FalftafF, he is dead.
And we muff yern therefore. Shakefpcare’s Hen. V.
Jofeph made hafle; for his bowels did yern upon his bro¬
ther : and he fought where to weep, and he enter’d into his
chamber. Gen. xliii. 30,
When the fair Leucothoe he fpy’d.
To check his fteeds, impatient Phoebus yearn’d,
Though all the world was in his courfe concern’d. Waller.
CD
Yet for all the yearning pain
Y’ have fuffer’d for their loves, in vain,
I fear they’ll prove fo nice and coy.
To have, and t’hold, and to enjoy. Hudibras.
Where our heart does but relent, his melts ; where our eye
pities, his bowels yearn. South’s Sermons.
At beholding the miferies of others, they find fuch yearn¬
ings in their bowels, and fuch fenfible commotions railed in
Calamy.
Adclifon.
Pope.
Shakcfpeare.
their breads, as they can by no means fatisfy.
Your mother’s heart yearns towards you.
Unmov’d the mind of Ithacus remain’d ;
But Anticlus, unable to controul,
Spoke loud the language of his yearning foul.
To Yearn, v.a. To grieve; to vex.
She laments for it, that It would
Tern your heart to fee it.
Yest. n.f [j^eyr, Saxon.]
1. The foam, fpume, or flower of beer in fermentation ; barm.
Teafl and outward means do fail.
And have no power to work on ale. Hudibras.
When drays bound high, they never crofs hehind.
Where bubbling yeafl is blown by gufts of wind. Gay.
2. The fpume on a troubled fea.
Now the fhip boring the moon with her main-maft, and
2non fwallow’d with yeafl and froth, as you’d thruft a cork
into a hogfhead. Shakefp. Winter's Tale,
adj. [from yefl.] Frothy ; fpumy.
Though you untie the winds, and let them fight
Againit the churches ; though thz yejly waves
Confound and fwallow navigation up. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Yelk. n.f. [from jealepe, yellow, Saxon.] The yellow part
of the egg. It is commonly pronounced, and often written
yolk.
The yolk of the egg conduceth little to the generation of
the bird, but only to the nourifhment of the fame: for if a
chicken be opened, when it is new hatched, you fhall find
much of the yolk remaining. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.
That a chicken is formed out of the yelk of an egg, with
Brown.
E/ST Y.
Whilfl the diftinguifh’d yew is ever feen,
UnchanVd his branch, and permanent his green.
Ye/arly. adv. Annually; once a year.
He that outlives this day, and fees old age.
'nor.
fome antient philofophers the people ftill opinion.
All the feather’d kind.
From th’included yolk, not ambient white arofe. Dryden.
To YELL. v. r. To cry out with horrour and agony.
Nor the night raven, that ftill deadly yells ;
Nor grifly vultures make us once afteared. Spenfer.
Each new morn.
New widows howl, new orphans cry ; new forrows
Strike heav’n on the face, that it refounds.
As if it felt with Scotland, and yell’d out
Like fyllables of dolour. Shakefp. Macbeth.
Now worfe than e’er he was before.
Poor Puck doth yell, poor Puck doth roar.
That wak’d queen Mab, who doubted fore
Some treafon had been wrought her. • Drayton’s Nymphiad.
Telling monfters, that with ceafelcfs cry
Surround me, Milton.
Night-ftruck fancy dreams the yelling ghoft. Thomfon.
Yell, n.f, [from the verb.] A cry of honour.
With liketim’rous accent and dire yell,
As when, by night and negligence, the fire
Is fpread in populous cities. Shakefpcare’s Othello.
Hence are heard the groans of ghoft-;, the pains
Of founding lafnes, and of dragging chains.
The Trojan flood aftonifh’d at their cries,
And afk'd his guide from whence thofc ye Is arife. Dryden.
31
B Others
Y E O
Others in frantick mood
Run howling through the ftreets; their hideous y^/A
Rend the dark welkin. Philips.
YE'LLOW. (idj. [yealepe, Saxon; gheleuwe, Dutch; giallo,
Italian.] Being of a bright glaring colour, as gold.
Only they that come to fee a fellow
In a long mottley coat, guarded with yellow.
Will be deceiv’d. Shakefp. Henry VIII. Prologue.
He brought the green ear and the yellow fheaf. Milton.
After a lively orange, followed an intenfe bright and copious
yellow, which was alfo the bell of all the yellows. Newton.
Negligent of food,
Scarce feen, he wades among the yellow broom. Tbomfon.
Yk llowboy. n.f. A gold coin. A very low word.
John did not ftarve the caufe; there wanted not yellowboys
to tee council. Arbuthnct's John Bull.
Ye'llowhammeR. n.f. A bird.
Ye/llowish. adj. [from ysllow.] Approaching to yellow.
Although amber be commonly of a yellowijh colour, yet
there is found of it alfo black, white, brown, green, blue,
and purple. Woodward's NaturalRijlory.
Ye'llgwishness. n. f. [from yellowijh.] The quality of ap¬
proaching to yellow.
Bruiled madder, being drenched with the like alcalizate folution, exchanged itsyellowi/hnefs for a rednefs. Beyle.
YeYlowness. n.f [from yellow.]
j. I he quality of being yellow;
Apples, covered in lime and afhes, were well matured; as
appeared in the yellownejs and fweetnefs. Bacon s Natural Hijl.
Yellovonefs of the fkin and eyes, and a faffron-coloured urine,
are figns of an inflammatory difpofition of the liver. Arbuthn.
2. It is uled in Shakefpeare for jealoufy.
lord I will pofiefs with yellownejs. Shakefpeare.
Ye'llows. n.J. A difeafe in horfes. It owes its original to obflrudtions in the gall-pipe, which are caufed by flimy or gritty
matter; or to the ftoppage of the roots of thofe little du£ts
opening into that pipe, by the like matter; or to a compreffion of them' by a fulnefs and plenitude of the blood-veflels
that lie near them. When the gall-pipe, or the roots rather
of the common duels of that pipe, are any wife flopped up,
that matter which fhould be turned into gall is taken up by the
vein, and carried back again into the mafs of blood, and tinc¬
tures it yellow; fo that the eyes, inhde of the lips, flaver,
and all the parts of the horfe, that are capable of fhewing the
colour, appear yellow. Farrier s Diff.
His horfe fped with fpavins, and raied with the yellows.
Shakefpeare's Faming of the Shrew.
To Yelp. v. n. [jaalpan, Saxon.] To bark as a beagle-hound
after his prey.
A little herd of England’s tim’rous deer.
Maz’d with a yelping kennel of French curs. Shak H. VI.
YE'OMAN. 7i.f [Of this word the original is much doubted :
the true etymology feems to be that of Junius, who derives
it from geman, Frifick, a villager.]
1. A man of a fmall cflate in land; a farmer; a gentleman
farmer.
Gentlemen fhould ufe their children as the honeft farmers
and fubflantial yeomen do theirs. Locke.
He that has a fpaniel by his fide is a ye'.man of about one
hundred pounds a year, an honeft man; he is juft qualified to
kill an hare. Addfon.
2. It feems to have been anciently a kind of ceremonious title
given to foldiers’: whence we have f\\\\ yeomen of the guard.
Tall yeomen feemed they, and of great might.
And were enranged ready ftill for fight. Fairy Jfucen.
You, good yeomen,
Whofe limbs were made in England, fliew us here
The mettle of your pafture. Shakejp. Henry V.
He inftituted, for the fecurity of his perfon, a band of fifty
archers, under a captain, to attend him, by the name of yeo¬
men of his guard. Bacon's Henry VII.
Th’ appointment for th’ enfuing night he heard ;
And therefore in the cavern had prepar’d
Two brawny yeomen of his trufty guard. Dryden
At Windfor St. John whifpers me i’ th’ear;
T he waiters ftand in ranks, the yeomen cry
Make way for the dean, as if a duke pafs’d by. Swift.
3* It was probably a freeholder not advanced to the rank of a
gentleman.
Lis grandfather was Lyonel duke of Clarence,
Third fon to the third Edward king of England :
Spring creftlefs yeomen from fo deep a root ? Shak. H. VI.
4- It feems to have had likewife the notion of a genticuuu
fervant.
A jolly yeoman, marfhal of the hall,
Whofe name was appetite, he did beftow
Both guefts and meats. Spenfer.
Ye'omanry. n.f [from yeoman.] The collective body of
yeomen.
This did amortize a great part of the lands of the kingdom
unto the hold and occupation of theyeomanry, or middle people,
©f a condition between gentlemen and cottagers. Bacon,
1
YET/
1 o Yerk. v. a. [Of unknown etymology.] To throw out or
move with a fpring.
A leaping horfe is faid to yerk, or ftrike out his hind legs,
when he flings and kicks with his whole hind quarters, ftrctching out the two hinder legs near together, and even, to their
full extent. _ . Farrier's Difl.
Their wounded fteeds
Fret fetlock deep in gore, and with wild rage
Tirk out their armed heels at their dead mafters. Shakefp.
Yerk. n.f. [from the verb.] A quick motion.
I'o Yern. v. a. See Yearn.
I am not covetous of' gold ;
It yerns me not, if men my garments wear. Shak. H. V.
V es. adv. [jiye, Saxon.] A term of affirmation; the affirma¬
tive particle oppofed to no.
This were a fit fpeech for a general in the head of an army,
when going to battle: yes, and it is no lefs fit fpeech in the
head of a council, upon a deliberation of entrance into a
War’ -v r -r > Bacon.
Fes, you defpife the man to books confin’d.
Who from his ftudy rails at human kind,
Though what he learns he fpeaks.
o _ r- Pope. uyc
i e ster. adj. [ghijhr, Dutch; hejlernus, Latin.] Being next
before the prefent day. It is not often ufed but in compofition
with another word, as day or night.
Love might as well be fow’d upon our fandsr.
As in a breaft fo barren :
I o love an enemy, the only one
Remaining too, whom yejler fun beheld
Muft’ring her charms. Dryden's Don SelaJlian.
Yesterday, n.f. [giytanbaeg, Saxon.] The day laft paft j.
the day next before to-day.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow.
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
T o the laft fyllable of recorded time;
And all our yejlerdays have lighted fools
The way to dufty death. Shakef. Macbeth,
We are but of yejlerday, and know nothing, becaufe our
days upon earth are a fhadow. Job viii. 9.
You are both fluid, chang’d fince yejlerday;
Next day repairs but ill laft day’s decay ;
Nor are, although the river keep the name,
Yejlerday s waters and to-day’s the fame. Donne,
If yejlerday could be recall’d again,
Ev’n now would I conclude my happy reign. Dryden^
Yeflerday was fet apart as a day of publick thankfgiving for
the late extraordinary fuccefles. Addifon.
Mrs. Simper fends complaint in your yejlerday s Spectator.
Acldifon's Sped]ator.
Naked from the womb
We yejlerday came forth; and in the tomb
Naked again we muft to-morrow lie ;
Born to lament, to labour, and to die. Prior.
Yesterday, adv. On the day laft paft.
Martius gave us yejlerday a reprefentation of the empire of
the Turks, with no fmall vigour of words. Bacon.
Ye sternight, n.f. The night before this night.
Ye'ster night, adv. On the night laft paft.
Eleven hours I’vefpent to write it over;
For yejlernight by Catefby was it fent me. Shakefp. R. IlJr.
The diftribution of this conference was made by Eupolis
jeflernight. Bacon.
Vet. conjunct, [gyr, get, gepa, Saxon.] Neverthelefs; not?
withftanding; however.
They had a king was more than him before;
Buty*tf aking, where they were nought the more. Daniel.
,1 hough fuch men have lived never fo much upon the referve ; yet if they be obferved to have a particular fondnefs for
perfons noted for any fin, it is ten to one but there was a com¬
munication in the fin, before there was fo in affection. South.
The heathens would never fuffer their gods to be reviled;
which yet were no gods; and Ihall it be allowed to any man
to make a mock of him that made heaven and earth? Fillotf.
He is fomewhat arrogant at his firfl entrance, and is too inquifitive through the whole tragedy; yet thefe imperfections
being balanced by great virtues, they hinder not our compaffion for his miferies. Dryden s Dufrcjnoy.
Let virtuofo’s in five years be writ.
Yet not one thought accufe thy toil of wit. Dryden.
Yet. adv.
1. Befide; over and above.
I his furnilhes us wither/ one morereafon, why our Saviour
lavs fuch a particular ftrefs on ails of mercy. Aiterbury.
2. Still; the ftate ftill remaining the fame.
They atteft faCts they had heard while they were yet hea¬
thens ; and had they not found reafon to believe them, they
would ftill have continued heathens, and made no mention ot
them in their writings. Addifon.
3. Once again.
Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light,
.Indulge, dread chaos and eternal night. Pope's Dunciad.
4. At
Y I E
4‘ At this time; fo Toon ; hitherto: with a Negative before it.
1 hales being alked when a man fhould marry, faid, voung
mennoty^j old men, not at all. Bacon
5* At leaft; at all. Noting uncertainty or indetermination.
A man that would form a eomparifon betwixt Quintilian’s
declamations, if yet they be Quintilian’s, and the orations of
1 ully, would be in danger of forfeiting his diferetion. Baker.
•* It notes increafe or extenfion of the fenfe of the words to
which it is joined.
Shake not his hour-glafs, when his hady fand
Is ebbing to the lad :
A little longer, yet a little longer,
And nature drops him down without your fin,
Like mellow fruit without a winter dorm. Dryden.
let a. few days, and thofe which now appear
Jn youth and beauty like the blooming year.
In life’s fwift feene fhall change. ° Dryden.
7* Still; in a new degree.
He that takes from a thief, that which the thief took from
an honeft man, and keeps it to himfelf, is the wickeder thief
of the two, by how much the rapine is made yet blacker by
g the pretence of piety and judice. L’Efrange.
ten after all. A kind of emphatical addition to a ne¬
gative.
If any man negledl his duty, his fault mud: not be aferibed
to the rule appointed, neither y*/ to the whole church. Whitg.
Men may not too rafhly believe the confedions of witches,
nor yet the evidence againd them ; for the witches themfelves
are imaginative, and people are credulous, and ready to im¬
pute accidents and natural operations to witchcraft. Bacon.
Nor yet amidd this joy and brightell morn
Wasabfent, after all his mifehief done,
The prince of darknefs. Milton s Paradlfe Regain’d*
9, Hitherto.
Hope beginning here, with a trembling expectation of things
far removed, and as yet but only heard of, endeth with real
ar*d aCtual fruition of that which no tongue can exprefs. Hook*
Ye'ven, for given-.
Wants not a fourth grace to make the dance even ?
Let that room to my lady beyeven-t
She fhall be a grace.
To fill the fourth place,
And reign with the red: in heaven. Spenfer.
Yew. n.f. [ ip, Saxon; yw, Weldr. This is often written
eugh ; but the former orthography is at once nearer to the found
and the derivation. See Eugh.] A tree of tough wood.
It hath amentaceous flowers, which conlld of many apices,
for the mod part fhaped like a mufhroom, and are barren ; but
the embryoes, which are produced at remote didances on the
fame tree, do afterward become hollow bell-fhaped berries,
which are full ofjuice, and include feeds fomewhat like acorns,
having, as it were, a little cup to each. Miller.
The fhooter eugh, the broad-leav’d fycamore,
The barren plantane, and the walnut found ;
The myrrhe, that her foul fin doth dill deplore,
Alder the owner of all waterifh ground. Fairfax.
Slips of yeiv,
Shiver’d in the moon's eclipfe. Sbakefp. Macbeth.
They would bind me here
Unto the body of a difmal yew. Sbakefp. Titus Andronicus.
He drew,
And almod join’d the horns of the tough yew. Dryden.
The didinguidi’d yew is ever feen.
Unchang’d his branch, and permanent his green. Prior.
Ye/WEN. adj. [fromyew ] Made of the wood of yew.
His difF arms to Aretch with eughen bow.
And manly legs dill palling to and fro. Hubberd’s Tare.
YfeTe. adv. [ypejie, Saxon.] Together. Spenfer.
To YIELD. v. a. [gel&an, Saxon, to pay.]
1. To produce; to give in return for cultivation or labour.
When thou tilled the ground, it fiiall not henceforth yield
unto thep her drer»gth. Gen. iv. 12.
Strabo tells us the mines at Carthagenay/V/^W the Romans,
per diem, to the value of twenty-dve thoufand drachms, eight
hundred and feven pounds five drillings and ten pence. Arbuth.
2. To produce in general.
He makes milch kineyield blood. Shakefpeare.
The wildernefs yieldeth food for them. Job xxiv. 5.
All the fubdances of an animal, fed even with acefcent fubftances, yield by fire nothing but alkaline falts. Arbuthnot.
2.To afford; to exhibit.
Philoclea would needs have her glove, and not without fo
mighty a lour as that face could yield. Sidney.
The mind of man defireth evermore to know the truth,
according to the mod infallible certainty which the nature of
things can yield. Hooker.
If you take the idea of white, which one parcel of fnow
yielded yederday to your fight, and another idea of white from
. another parcel of fnow you fee to-day, and put them toge¬
ther in your mind, they run into one, and the idea of whitenefs is not at all increafed. Locks,
Y O K
4. To give as claimed of right.
I the praife
Yield thee, fo well thou had this day purvey’d. Milton.
5. To allow; to permit.
Iyield it jud, faid Adam, and fubmit. Milton,
Life is but air.
That yields a pafiage to the whidling fword.
And clofes when ’tisgone. Dryden s Don Sebafiani
6. To emit; to expire.
Often did I drive
To yield the ghod ; but dill the envious flood
Kept in my foul, and would not let it forth
To find the empty, vad and wand’ring air. Shak. Rich. III.
He gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the
ghod. Gen. xlix. 33.
7. To refign ; to give up;
He not yielding over to old age his country delights, efpecially of hawking, was at that time, following a merlin,
brought to fee this injury offered unto us. Sidney.
Thus I have yielded up into your hand
The circle of my glory. Shakefp. King John.
She to realities yields all her fhows. Milton.
’Tis the pride of man which is the fpring of this evil, and
an unwillingnefs to yield up their own opinions. Watts.
8. To furrender.
The enemies fometimes offered unto the foldiers, upon the
walls, great rewards, if they would yield up the city, and
fometimes threatened them as fad. Knolles.
They laugh, as if to them I had quitted all.
At random yielded up to their mifrule. Milton.
To Yield, v. n.
1. To give up the conqued; to fubmit.
Ido yields not in his fall;
But fighting dies, and dying kills withal. Daniel.
All is not lod : immortal hate,
And courage never to fubmit or yield. Milton.
If the infpiring and expiring organ of any animal be dopt,
it fuddenly yields to nature, and dies. Walton’s Angler.
There he faw the fainting Grecians yield.
And here the trembling Trojans quit the field,
Purfu’d by fierce Achilles. DrydrL
2. To comply with any perfon.
Confidering this prefent age fo full of tongue, and weak of
brain, behold we yield to the dream thereof. Plcoker*
I fee ayielding in the looks of France :
Mark, how they whifper. Shakefp. King John.
This fupernatural foliciting, if ill,
Why hath it given me earned of fuccefs?
If good, why do I yield to that fuggedion,
Whofe horrid image doth upfixmyhair? Shakefp. K. Lear:
With her much fair fpeech fhe caufed him to yield. Prov.
The Jews have agreed to defire thee that thou wouldd bring
down Paul; but do not thouyield unto them. Adis xxiii. 21.
3. To comply with things.
_ There could be no fecure peace, except the Lacedemonians
yielded to thofe things, which being granted, it would be no
longer in their power to hurt the Athenians. Bacon.
If much converfe
Thee fatiate, to fhort abfence I could yield. Milton.
4. To concede; to admit; to allow ; not to deny.
If wee yield that there is a God, and that this God is al¬
mighty and jud, it cannot be avoided but that, after this life
ended, he adminiders judice unto men. Hakewill.
5. To give place as inferiour in excellence or any other quality.
The fight of Achilles and Cygnus, and the fray betwixt the
Lapithae and Centaurs, yield to no other part of this poet. Dry.
Tell me in what more happy fields
The thidle fprings, to which the \Uy yields F Pope.
YieTder. n.f. [fromyield.] One who yields.
Briars and thorns at their apparel fnatch,
Some fleeves, fomehats; from fielders all things catch. Shak.
Some guard thefe traitors to the block of death,
Treafon’s true bed, and y;V/^r up of breath. Shak. Hen. IV.
YOKE. n.f. [jeoc. Sax. jock, Dutch; jugum, Lat. joug, Fr.]
1. The bandage placed on the neck of draught oxen.
Bring a red heifer, wherein is no blemifli, and upon which
never came yoke. Numb. xix. 2.
A yearling bullock to thy name fhall fmoke,
Untam’d, unconfcious of the galling yoke. Pope,
2. A mark of fervitude; flavery.
Our country finks beneath the yoke ;
It weeps, it bleeds. ’ Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
In bands of iron fetter’d you fhall be;
An eafier yoke than what you put on me. Dryd. Aurengz.
3. A chain ; a link ; a bond.
This yoke of marriage from us both remove,
Where two are bound to draw, though neither love. Dryd.
4. A couple; two; a pair.
Thofe that accufe him in his intent towards our wives, are
a yoke of his difearded men. Shakefpeare.
His lands a hundred yoke of oxen till’d. Dryden s Ain.
A yoke
&
Y O R YOU
2.
A yoke of mules outgoes a yoke of oxen, when fet to work
at the fame time ; for mules are fwifter. Broome.
To Yoke. v. a. [from the noun.]
i. To bind by a yoke to a carriage.
This Stetes promifed to do, if he alone would yoak together
two brazen-hoofed bulls, and, plowing the ground, fow dra¬
gons teeth. > L'Bfrange.
Four milk-white bulls, the Thracian ufe of old,
Wert yok'd to draw his car of burnifli’d gold. Dryden.
To join or couple with another.
My name
Be yok'd With his that did betray the bell. Sbakefpeare.
Caflius, you are. yoked with a lamb.
That carries anger as the flint bears fire. Shah. Jul. Cesfar.
Seek not in Latian bands to yoke
Our fair Lavinia. Dryden's JEn.
To enflave; tofubdue.
Thefe are the arms
With which he yoketh your rebellious necks,
I Razeth your cities. Sbakefpeare.
To reftrain ; to confine.
Men marry not; but chufe rather a libertine fingle life,
3-
than to be yoked in marriage
The words and promifes, t\\at yoke
The conqueror, are quickly broke.
Xerxes, the liberty of Greece to yoke,
Over Hellefpont bridg’d his way.
Yo'ke-elm. n.f. A tree.
Yo'kefellow. } r VI A fit , -I
,. , > n. . f yoke and fellow, or mate.J
Yokemate. J J J J
Companion in labour.
Yokefellows in arms.
Let us to France.
Bacon.
Hudibras.
Milton.
Ainfworth.
I.
Mate; fellow.
Shak fpeare's Henry V.
Hudibras;
{ vi<
t. >
[geonb, Saxon.]
view.
Being at a diftance within
You cannot think me fit
To be th'yokefellow ©f your wit.
Nor take one of fo mean deferts
To be the part’ner of your parts.
Before Toulon thy yokemate lies.
Where all the live-long night he fighs. Stepney.
Thofe who have moft diftinguifhed themfelves by railing at
the fex, very often chufe one of the moft worthtefs for a com¬
panion and yokefellow. Addifon s Spectator.
Yold, for yielded. Obfolete- Spenfer.
Yolk. n.f. [See Yelk.] The yellow part of an egg.
Nature hath provided a large yolk in every egg, a great part
whereof remaineth after the chicken is hatched; and, by a
channel made on purpofe, ferves inftead of milk to nourifh the
chick for a conliderable time. Ray on the Creation.
Yon.
Yond.
Yo'nder
Madam, yond young fellow fwears he will fpeak with you.
Sbakefpeare's Twelfth Night.
Good mother, do not marry me to yon fool. Sbakefpeare.
Would vou net laugh to meet a great counfellorof {fate in
a fiat cap, his gloves under his girdle, and yond haberdafher in a
velvet gown furred with fables? Ben. JohnJon's Difcoveries.
Tigranes, being encamped upon a hill with four hundred
thoufand men, difeovered the army of the Romans, being not
above fourteen thoufand, marching towards him: he made
himfelf'merry with it, and faid, yonder men are too many for
an ambaflage, and too few for a fight. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.
For proof look up,
And read thy lot in yon celeftial fign. Miltons Farad. Lofi.
Yon flow’ry arbors, yonder allies green. Milton.
Let other (wains attend the rural care.
But nigh yon mountain let me tune my lays. Pope.
JON- ladv. At a diftance within view. It is ufed when
Yond. > dirciSb the eye from another thing to the objedl.
Yo'nder. )
The fringed curtains of thine eyes advance,
And fay what thou fee’ft yond. Sbakefp. Tempejl.
Firft, and chiefeft, with thee bring
Him that yon foars on golden wing,
Guiding the fiery-wheeled throne,
The cherub, contemplation. Milton.
Yonder are two apple-women fcolding. Arbuthn. and Pope.
Yon’d. adj. [I know not whence derived.] Mad; furious:
perhaps tranfported with rage; under alienation of mind, in
which fenfe it concurs with the reft.
Then like a lion, which hath longtime fought
His robbed whelps, and at the laft them found
Amongft thefhepherd fwains, then waxeth wood and yond;
So fierce he laid about him. Fairy fucen.
Nor thofe three brethren, Lombards, fierce and yond. Fairf.
Yore, ox of Yore. adv. [geojapa, Saxon .]
J. Long.
Witnefs the burning altars, which he fwore,
And, guilty, heavens of his bold perjury;
Which though he hath polluted oft and yore,
Yet I to them for judgment juft do fly. Fairy ^ueen.
2. Of old time; long ago.
Thee bright-ey’d Vella long of yore
To folitary Saturn bore. Milton.
There liv’d, as authors tell, in days of yore,
A widow fomewhat old, and very poor. Dryden.
In times of yore an ancient baron liv’d;
Great gifts bellow’d, and great refpecSt receiv’d. Prior.
The dev’l was piqu’d fuch faintfhip to behold,
And long’d to tempt him, like good Job of old ;
But Satan now is wifer than of yore.
And tempts by making rich, not making poor. Pope.
You. pron. [eop, inh, Saxon: the accufative of ge, ye.]
1. The oblique cafe of ye.
Ye have heard of the difpenfation of the grace of God,
which is given me to you ward. Eph. iii. 2.
I thought to fliow you
How.eafy ’twas to die, by my example,
And hanfel fate before you. Dryden's Cleomenes.
2. It is ufed in th.e nominative^ and though firll introduced bycorruption, is now eftablilhed.
You nimble lightnings, dart your blinding flames
Into her fcornful eyes. Shake/p. King Lear.
3. It is the ceremonial word for the fecond perfon lingular, and
is always ufed, except in folemn language.
Madam, the fates withftand, and you
Are deftin’d Hymen’s willing victim too. Pope.
4. It is ufed indefinitively, as the French on.
We palled by what was one of thofe rivers of burning mat¬
ter: this looks, at a diftance, like a new-plowed land; but as
you come near it, you fee nothing but along heap of heavy dis¬
jointed clods. Addifn on Italy.
YOUNG, adj. [iong, yeong, Saxon; pong, Dutch.]
I. Being in the firft part of life ; not old.
Guefts fhould be interlarded, after thePerfian cuftom, byages young and old. Carew's Survey of Cornwall.
He woos both high and low, both rich and poor.
Both young and old. Sbakefpeare.
There’s not the fmalleft orb which thou behold’ft,
But in his motion like an angel fings.
Still quiring to the young-ey d cherubims. Sbakefpeare.
I firmly am refolv’d
Not to bellow my youngeft daughter.
Before I have a hufband for the elder. Sbakefpeare.
Thou old and true Menenius,
Thy tears are falter than ayouttper man's.
And venomous to thine eyes. Sbakefpeare's Coriolanus.
He ordain’d a lady for his prize,
Generally praifeful, fair and young, and Skill’d in houfewiferies. Chapman.
In timorous deer he hanfels hisycKizg-paws.
And leaves the rugged bear for firmer claws. Cowley.
Nor need’ll by thy daughter to he told,
Though now thy fprity blood with age be cold,
1 hou haft been young. Dryden.
When we fay a man is young, we mean that his age is yet
but a fmall part of that which ufually men attain to: and
when we denominate him old, we mean that his duration
is run out almoft to the end of that which men do not ufually
exceed. Locke.
It will be but an ill example to prove, that dominion, by
G'od’s ordination, belonged to the eldeft fon ; becaufe Jacob
the youngeft here had it. Locke.
From earth they rear him ftruggling now with death.
And Neftor’s youngejl flops the vents of breath. Pope,
2. Ignorant; weak.
Come, elder brother, thou art too young in this. Sbakefp.
3. It is fometimes applied to vegetable life.
There be trees that bear bell when they begin to be old,
as almonds; the caufe is, for that all trees that bear mull have
an oily fruit; and young trees have a more watry juice, and
lefs concoefted. Bacon.
Young, n.f The offspring of animals colle&ively.
The hedge-fparrow fed the cuckoo fo long.
That it had its head bit off by its young. Sbakefp. King Lear.
So many days my ewes have been with young;
So many weeks ere the poor fools will yean. Sbakefpeare.
The eggs difclos’d their callow young. Milton.
The reafon why birds are oviparous, and lay eggs, but do
not bring forth their young alive, is becaufe there might be
more plenty. More's Antidote againji Atbeifm.
Not fo her young; for their unequal line
Was heroes make, half human, half divine;
Their earthly mold obnoxious w.ns to fate,
Th’ immortal part aftum’d immortal Hate. Dryden.
Thofe infers, for whofe young nature hath not made provifion of fufficient fuftenance, do themfelves gather ^and lay
up in (lore for them. Ray on the Creation.
You'ngish. adj. [from young.] Somewhat young.
She let her fecond room to a very genteel youngijh man. Tai.
You'ngli\g. n. J'. [from young; yeonjlmg, Saxon.] Any
creature in the full part of life.
More
YOU
More dear unto their God, than younglings to their dam.
Fairy 'ueen.
Youngling, thou canft not love fo dear as I.—
—Grey beard, thy love doth freeze. Shakefpeare.
When we perceive that bats have teats, it is not unreafonable to infer, they fuckle their younglings with milk. Brown.
Encourag’d thus fhe brought her younglings nigh. Drydeh.
The ftately beaft the two Tyrrheidce bred,
Snatch d from his dam, and the tame youngling fed. Dryden.
You'ngly. adv\ [from young.]
1. Early in life.
Say we read lectures to ypu.
How youngly he began to ferve his country,
How long continu’d, and what flock he fprings of. Shakefp.
2. Ignorantly; weakly.
Youngster. 1 [from young.] A young perfon. In conYo u'nker. J tempt.
How like a younker or a prodigal
The fkarfed bark parts from her native bay,
Hugg’d and embraced by the ftrumpet wind. Shakespeare.
What, will you make a younker of me ? fhall I not take
mine eafe in mine inn, but I fhall fo have my pocket pick’d.
Shakefpeare1s Henry IV.
See how the morning opes her golden gates.
And takes her farewel of the glorious fun:
How well refembles it the prime of youth,
Trimm’d like a yonker prancing to his love. Shakefpeare.
Fame tells, by age fame reverend grown,
That Phcebus gave his chariot to his fon;
And whilft the youngjier from the path declines*
Admiring the ftrange beauty of the figns.
Proud of his charge, he drove the fiery horfe,
And v/ould outdo his father in his courfe. C’reech.
The youngjier^ who at nine and three.
Drinks with his fifters milk and tea.
From breakfaft reads till twelve o’clock,
Burnet and Heylin, Hobbes and Locke. Prior.
Youngth. n. f. [from young.] Youth. Obfolete.
The mournful mufe in mirth now lift ne mafk,
As fhe was wont in youngth and fummer days. Spenfer.
Your, pronoun, [eopep, Saxon.J
1. Belonging to you. It is ufed properly when we fpeak to more
than one* and ceremonioufly and cuftomarily when to only
one.
Either your unparagoned miftrefs is dead, or fhe’s outprized
by a trifle. Shakefpeare.
2. Your is ufed in an indeterminate fenfe.
Every true man’s apparel fits your thief: if it be too little
for your thief, your true man thinks it big enough. If it be
too big for your thief, your thief thinks it little enough; fo
every true man’s apparel fits your thief. Shakefpeare.
There is a great affinity between coins and poetry, and your
hiedallift and critick are much nearer related than the world
imagine. Addifon on ancient Medals.
A difagreement between thefe feldom happens, but among
your antiquaries and fchoolmen. Felton on the Claffcks.
3. Yours is ufed when the fubftantive goes before or is underftood ; as this is your book, this book is yours.
Pray for this man and for his iflue,
Whofe heavy hand hath bow’d you to the grave.
And beggar’d yours for ever. Shakefpeare s Macbeth.
That done, our day of marriage fhall be yours,
One feaft, one houfe, one mutual happinefs. Shakefpeare.
This kifs, if it durft fpeak,
Would ftretch thy fpirits up into the air:
Conceive and fare thee well.—
—Yours in the ranks ofdeath.-Shakefpeare s King Lear.
He is forfworn, if e’er thofe eyes of yours
Behold another day break in the eaft. Shakefpeare.
While the fword this monarchy fecures*
’Tis manag’d by an abler hand than yours. Dryden.
My wealth, my city and myfelf are yours. Dryden.
It is my employment to revive the old of paft ages to the
prefent* as it is yours to tranfmit the young of the prefent to
the future. Pope.
Yourse'lf. n.f. [your and [elf.] You, even you; ye, not
othersIf it ftand as you yourfelfMX do,
Within the eye of honour; be aflur’d.
My purfe, my perfon, my extremeft means.
Lie all unlock’d to your occafions. Shakefpeare.
O heav’ns!
If you do love old men, if your fweet fway
Allow obedience, ifyourfelves are old.
Make it your caufe. Shakefpeare s King Lear.
Y U X
YOUTH, n.f. [ye'ojoS, Saxon.]
1. The part of life fuccceding to childhood and adolefcence; tllfe
time from fourteen to twenty eight.
But could youth laft, and love ftill breed,
Had joys no date, and age no need ;
Then thefe delights my mind might move,
To live with thee, and be thy love. Shakefpeare.
See how the morning opes her golden gates,
And takes her farewel of the glorious fun ;
How well refembles it the prime of youths
Trim’d like a yonker, prancing to his love. Shakefp;
His ftarry helm unbuckled fhow’d him prime
In manhood, where youth ended. Milton.
The folidity, quantity, and ftrength ofthe aliment is to be
proportioned to the labour or quantity of mufcular motion,
which in youth is greater than any other age. Arbuphnot.
2. A young man.
Siward’s fon.
And many unrough youths even now,
Proteft their firft of manhood. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
If this were feen,
The happieft youth viewing his progrefs through.
What perils paft, what erodes to enfue,
Would (hut the bock and fit him down and die. Shakefp.
About him exercis’d heroick games
Th’ unarmed youth of heav’n. Milton.
O’er the lofty gate his art embofs’d
Androgeos’ death, and off’rings to his ghoft ;
Sev’n youths from Athens yearly fent, to meet
The fate appointed by revengeful Crete. Dryden.
The pious chief
A hundred youths from all his train eleCb,
And to the Latian court their courfe diredts. Dryden'.
3. Young men. Collectively. ,
As it is fit to read the beft authors to youth firft, fo let them
be of the openeft and cleared:; as Livy before Salluft, .Sidney
before Donne. Ben. Johnfon.
The graces put not more exaCtly on
Th’ attire of V enus, when the ball fhe won.
Than that young beauty by thy care is dreft.
When all your youth prefers her to the reft. TValler.
You'thful. adj. [youth and full.]
1. Young.
Our army is difpers’d already:
Like youthful fleers.unyok’d they took their courfe,
Eaft, weft, north, fouth. Shakefpeare's Henry IV.
There, in a heap of flain, among the reft,
Two youthful knights they found beneath a load oppreft
Of flaughter’d foes. Dryden.
2. Suitable to the firft part of life.
Here be all the pleafures
That fancy can beget on youthful thoughts,
When the freflh blood grows lively, and returns
Brifk as the April buds in primrofe feafon. Milton.
In his years were feen,
A youthful vigour and-autumnal green. Dryden.
The nymph furveys him, and beholds the grace
Of charming features, and a youthful face. Pope.
3. Vigorous as in youth.
How is a good Chriftian animated by a ftedfaft belief of an
everlafting enjoyment of perfect felicity, fuch as, after mil¬
lions of millions of ages is &\\\youthful and flourifhing, and in¬
viting as at the firft? no wrinkles in the face, no grey hairs
on the head of eternity. Bentley.
You'thfully. adv. [from youthful.] In a youthful manner.
You'thly. adj. [from youth.] Young; early in life. Obfo“
lete.
True be thy words, and worthy of thy praife,
That warlike feats doft higheft glorify.
Therein have I fpent all my youthly days,
And many battles fought and many frays. Fairy £>uccn.
You'thy. adj. [from youth.] Young; youthful. A bad
word.
The fcribler had not genius to turn my age, as indeed I am
an old maid, into raillery, for affeCting a youthier turn than
is confiftent with my time of day. Spectator.
Ypi'ght. part, [y and pight, from pitch.] Fixed.
That fame wicked wight
His dwelling has low in an hollow cave,
'Far underneath a craggy clift ypight^
Dark, doleful, dreary, like a greedy grave. Spenfer.
Yuck. n.f [jocken, Dutch.] Itch.
Yule, n.f [geol, yeol, yehul, Saxon.] The time of Chriftmas.
Yux. n.f. [yeox, Saxon.] The hiccough.
31 C /
2
z.
Z E A ZEN
Is found in the Saxon alphabets, fet down by
Grammarians, but is read in no word origi¬
nally Teutonick: its found is uniformly that
of an hard S.
\n-f
Za'ffar.
Za'ffir.
Powder the calx of cobalt, very fine, and mix it with three
times its weight of powdered flints, this being wetted with
common water, the whole concretes into a folid mafs called
zafre, which from its hardnefs has been miftaken for a na¬
tive mineral. Hill on Feffils.
Cobalt being fublimed, the flo vers are of a blue colour j
thefe, German mineralifts call zajfir. IVoAward.
The artificers in glafs tinge their glafs blue with that dark
mineral zaphara. Bole on Colours.
Za'ny. n.f. [Probably of zanei. ] The contra&ion of Gio¬
vanni or fanna, a fcofF, according to Skinner.] One em¬
ployed to raife laughter by his geftures, a&ions and fpeeches;
a merry Andrew; a buffoon.
Some carrytale, fome pleafeman, fome flight zany,
Some mumblenews, fome trencher knight, fome Dick,
Told our intents before. Sbakefpeare.
Then write that I may follow, and fo be
Thy echo, thy debtor, thy foil, thy zany,
I fhall be thought, if mine like thine I fhape,
All the world’s lion, though I be thy ape. Donne.
Oh, great reftorer of the good old ftage,
Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. Pope's Dunciad.
Za'rnich. n.f Zarnich is a folid fubftance in which orpiment
is frequently found ; and it approaches to the nature of orpi¬
ment, but without its luftre and foliated texture. The com¬
mon kinds of zarnich are green and yellow; and to this we
owe the diftindlion of orpiment into thefe colours, though there
is no fuch fubflance as green orpiment. Zarnich contains a
large quantity of arfenick in it. Hill's Materia Medica.
ZEAL. n.f. [£r?Ao?, zelus, Latin.] Paflionate ardour for any
perfon or caufe.
This prefent age, wherein zeal hath drowned charity and
fkill; meeknefs will not now fuffer any man to marvel, whatfoever he fhall hear reproved by whomfoever. Hooker
If I had had time to have made new liveries, I would have
bellowed the thoufand pound I borrowed of you : but it is
no matter, this poor (how doth better ; this doth infer the zeal
I had to fee him. Shakrfpeare's Henry IV.
O Cromwell, Cromwell!
Had I but ferv’d my God with half the zeal
I ferv’d my king, he would not in mine age
Have left me naked to mine enemies. Sbakefpeare.
Among the feraphims
Abdiel, than whom none with more zeal ador’d
The Deity, and divine commands obey’d,
Stood up, and in a flame of zeal fevere.
The current of his fury thus oppos’d. Milton's Parad. Lojl.
Zeal, the blind conductor of the will. Dryden.
She with fuch a zeal the caufe embrac’d.
As women, where they will, are all in haftej
The father, mother, and the kin befide.
Were overborne by the fury of the tide. Dryden.
The princes applaud with a furious joy.
And the king feiz’d a flambeau with zealto deffroy. Dryden.
Scrioufnefs and zeal in religion is natural to the Englifh.
7 ilUtfon's Sermons.
Good men often blemilh the reputation of their piety by
over-atting fome things in their religion; by an indiicreet
zeal about things wherein religion is not concerned. Til/otfon.
True zeal feems not to be any one fingle affedtion of the
foul; but rather a ftrong mixture of many holy affections; ra¬
ther a gracious conftitution of the whole mind, than any one
particular grace, fwaying a devout heart, and filling it with
all pious intentions; all not only uncounterfeit, but moft fer¬
vent. Sprat's Sermons»
When the fins of a nation have provoked God to forfake
it, he fuffers thofe to concur in the moft pernicious counfels
for enflaving confidence, who pretend to the greateft zeal for
the liberty of it. Stillingfeet.
This rebellion has difeovered to his majefty, who have efpoufed his interefts with zeal or indifference. Addifon's Freeh.
A fcorn of flattery and a zeal for truth. Pope.
Zea'lot. n.f. [zelotear, French ; tyxcoryt;.] One paflionately ardent in any caufe. Generally ufed in difpraife.
The fury of zealots, inteftine bitternefs and divifion were
the greateft occafion of the laft fatal deftrudion of Jerufalem.
King Charles.
Are not thofe men too often the greateft zealots who are
moft notorioufly ignorant ? true zeal fhould always begin with
true knowledge, and thence proceed to an unwearied paflion,
for what it once knows to be worthy of fuch paflion. Sprat.
No wonder that fo many of thefe deluded zealots have been
engaged in a caufe which they at firft abhorred, and have wilhed or aCted for the fuccefs of an enterprize, that might have
ended in the extirpation of the proteftant religion. Addifcn.
Zea'lous. adj. [from zeal.'] Ardently paflionate in any caufe.
Our hearts are right with God, and our intentions pious,
if we ad our temporal affairs with a defire no greater than
our neceflity, and in adions of religion we be zealous, aClive,
and operative, fo far as prudence will permit. Taylor.
This day, at height of noon, came to my fphere,
A fpirit, zealous, as he feem’d to know
More of the Almighty’s works. Miltons Paradife Loft.
We fhould be not only devout towards God, but zealous
towards men ; endeavouring by all prudent means to recover
them out of thofe fnares of the devil, whereby they are taken
captive. Decay ofPiety.
It is not at all good to be zealous againft any perfon, but
only againft their crimes. It is better to be zealous for things
than f r perfons: but then it fhould be only for good things;
a rule that does certainly exclude all manner of zeal for=ill
things, all manner of zeal for little things. Sprat's Sermons.
Being inftruded only in the general, and zealots in the main
defign; and as finite beings, not admitted into the fecrets of
government, the laft reforts of providence, or capable of difcovering the final purposes of God, they muft be femetimes
ignorant of the means conducing to thofe ends in which alone
they can oppofe each other. Dryden.
Zealously, adv. [from zalous. ] With paflionate ardour.
I hy care is fixt, and zealoufy attends.
To fill thy odorous lamp with deeds of light,
And hope that reaps not fhame. Milton.
To enter into a party as into an order of friars, with fo refigned an obedience to fuperiors, is very unfuitable with the
civil and religious liberties we fo zealoufly affert. Swift.
Zea'lousness. n. J. [from zealous ] The quality of being zea¬
lous.
Ze' chin. n.f. [So named from zecha, a place in Venice where
the mint is fettled lor c inage.] A gold coin worth about
nine {hillings fterling.
Zedo'ary. « f [zedaire, French.] A fpicy plant, fomewhat
like ginger in its leaves, but of a fweet feent.
Zed. n.f. The name of the letter z.
i hou whorefon zed, thou unneceffary letter. Skakefjeare.
Ze'nith. n.f. [Aiabick.J The point over head oppofite to
the nadir.
P ond men ! if we believe that men do live
Under the zenith at both frozen poles,
I hough none come thence, advertifement to give,
Why bear we not the like faith of our fouls ? Dailies.
I hefe feafons are defigned by the motions of the fun, when
that approaches ncareft our zenith, or vertical point, we call
it fummer. Brou n's Vulgar E< rmrs.
Zf/phyr.
I
Z O N
Ze'phyr. )«./ [:zephyrus, Latin.] The weft wind; and
Ze'phyrus. ) poetically any calm Toft wind.
They are as gentle
As zephyrs blowing b. low the violet. Shakefpecre’s Cymbeline.
Zephyr, you fhall fee a youth with a merry countenance,
holding in his hand a fwan with wings difplayed, as about
to ftng. Peacham on Drawing.
Forth rufh the levent and the ponent wines,
Eurus and Zephyr. Milton.
Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. Milton.
Their every mufick wakes,
W hence blending all the fweeten’d zephyr fprings. Phomfon.
Zest. n.f.
1. The peel of an orange fqueezed into wine.
2. A relifh ; a tafte added.
To Zest. v. a. To heighten by an additional relifh.
Zete'tick.. adj. [from Proceeding by enquiry.
Zeu GMA. n.f. [from A figure in Grammar, when
a verb agreeing with divers nouns, or an adjedtive with divers
fubftantives, is referred to one exprefly, and to the other by
fupplement, as luft overcame fhame, boldnefs fear, and madnefs reafon.
Zoc'le. n. f. [In architecture.] A fmall fort of ftand or pedeftal, being a low fquare piece or member, ferving to fupport a bufto, ftatue, or the like, that needs to be raifed ; alfo
a low fquare member ferving to fupport a column, inftead
of a pedeftal, bafe, or plinth. Did}.
Zo'diack. n.f. [zodiaque, French; hi ruv ^cSuv,
the living creatures, the figures of which are painted on it
in globes.] The track of the fun through the twelve figns;
a great circle of the fphere, containing the twelve figns.
The golden fun falutes the morn.
And having gilt the ocean with his beams.
Gallops the zodiack in his glift’ring coach. Shakefpeare.
Years he number’d fcarce thirteen,
When fates turn’d cruel;
Yet three fill’d zod'tacks had he been
The ftage’s jewel. Ben. Johnfon.
By his fide.
As in a glift’ring zodiack hung the fword,
Satan’s dire dread; and in his hand the fpear. Milton.
It exceeds even their abfurdity to fuppofe the zodiack and
planets to be efficient of, and antecedent to themfelves, or to
exert any influences before they were in being. Bentley.
Here in a fhrine that caft a dazling light,
Sat fixt in thought the mighty Stagyrite;
His facred head a radiant zodiack crown’d.
And various animals his fides furround. Pope.
Zone, n.f [£wvii; zona, Latin,]
i. A girdle.
The middle part
Girt like a ftarry zone his waift, and round
Skirted his loins, and thighs, with downy gold
And colours dipp’d in heav’n. Milton s Paradife Lofl.
An embroider’d zone furrounds her waift. Dryden.
Thy ftatues, Venus, though by Phidias’ hands
Defign’d immortal, yet no longer ftands }
The magick of thy fhining zone is paft,
But Salifbury’s garter fhall for ever laft. Granville.
ZOO
Scarce could the goddefs from her nymph be knoWn*
But by the crefcent and the golden zone. Popi.
2. A divifion of the earth.
The whole furface of the earth is divided into five zones:
the firft is contained between the two tropicks, and is called
the torrid zone. There are two temperate zones, and two fri¬
gid zones. The northern temperate zone is terminated by the
tropick of Cancer and the artick polar circle: the fouthern
temperate zone is contained between the tropick of Capricorn
and the polar circle: the frigid zones are circumfcribed by the
polar circles, and the poles are in their centers.
True love is ftill the fame: the torrid zones.
And thofe more frigid ones,
It muft not know :
For love grown cold or hot.
Is luft or friendfhip, not
The thing we fhow;
For that’s a flame would die, *
Held down or up too high :
Then think I love more than I can exprefsj
And would love more, could I but love thee lefs. Suckling„
As five zones th’ etherial regions bind,
Five correfpondent are to earth aflign’d:
The fun, with rays directly,darting down.
Fires all beneath, and fries the middle zone. Dryden.
3. Circuit; circumference.
Scarce the fun
Hath finifh’d half his journey, and fcarce begins
His other half in the great zone of heav’n. Milton.
Zoo'grapher. n.f [£wji' and ygaPpa.] One who deferibes
the nature, properties, and forms of animals.
One kind of locuft ftands not prone, or a little inclining
upward; but a large erectnefs, elevating the two fore legs,
and fuftaining itfelf in the middle of the other four, by zoographers called the prophet and praying locuft.
Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Zoo'graphy. n.f. [of £m and •y^oKpu.] A defeription of *
the forms, natures, and properties of animals.
If we contemplate the end of the effect, its principal final
caufe being the glory of its maker, this leads us into divinity 5
and for its fubordinate, as it is defigned for alimental fuftenance
to living creatures, and medicinal ufes toman, we are thereby
conduced into zoography. Glanv. Scepf.
Zoo'logy. n.f. [of ^uov and Aoj/©J.] A treatife concerning
living creatures.
ZooThyte. n.f [ C,uo(pvrov, of and (purov.] Certain
vegetables or fubftances which partake of the nature both of
vegetables and animals.
Zoopho'rick Column, n.f [In architecture.] A ftatuary co¬
lumn, or a column which bears or fupports the figure of an
animal. Did}.
Zoo'phorus. n.f [£coo£po£o?.] A part between the archi¬
traves and cornice, fo called on account of the ornaments
carved on it, among which were the figures of animals. Did}.
Zoo'tomist. n.f. [of ^wo-ropa.] A difietor of the bodies
of brute beafts.
Zoo'tomy. n.f [£wto|u/c&, of £uov and Tiy.vu.'] DifFection
of the bodies of beafts.
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